davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-08-19
Germony's Blockade


total blockade around the British
Isles brings the current war almost
twelve months after it's beginning to
point reached in the World War
when it was just little over six
months old. Between the proclama-
ton of Saturday and the proclama-
ton issued by the German imperial
government February 4, 1915, the
only difference is the greater vigor
of the contemporary statement.
In 1915 Berlin announced that "the
waters surrounding Great Britain
and Ireland, including the whole
English Channel, are hereby de-
clared to be war zone Even
neutral ships are exposed to danger
in the war zone" Saturdays
proclamation said: The naval war
in the waters around the British
Isles is in full progress. The whole
area has been mined. Any neutral
ship which in the future enters these
waters is liable to be destroyed"
For Germany, the public proclama-
ton of the blockade, after its an
nouncement through diplomatic
notes to each of the neutrals whose
shipping might be endangered, has
little more than legal value. Intense
blockade of the British Isles has
been under way through airplanes,
mines and submarines since the Ger
mans turned their full attention to
war against England after the
French surrender. The advantage
of a blockade proclaimed over a
blockade unannounced is that the
proclaimer reaps certain benefits
in the legal view. For one thing,
Germany now is under no obligation
to warn separately each neutral ship
which might enter the danger zone.
The general warning suffices. Nor
can Germany be held financially re-
SponSible for damages to ships
which try to run the publicized
blockade.
For the United States, the procla-
nation means little, but it evokes
memories. The proclamation Of
1915 injured us severely. On March
%, 1915, the British steamer Falaba
went down from a submarine attack
with the loss of one American life.
On May /, the American tanker
Gulfight was torpedoed, and two
members of her crew lost. Then on
May came torpedoing of the Lusi-
tania, a British vessel whose sinking
took more than one hundred Ameri-
can lives. The Lusitania disaster
was one of the psychological impulses
that drove US into the war less than
two years later.
Such calamity is unlikely to over
take American ships now, despite the
Berlin proclamation. The combat
zones established by the President
under the Neutrality Act are areas
barred by this Government to Amer
ican ships. The danger zone pro-
| claimed by Germany lies within the
| prescribed combat zones. The same
Neutrality Act stays American travel
on belligerent vessels. So neither a
Gulfight nor a Lusitania incident is
apt to recur in this war. Nor, it
seems, will we have a repetition of
our World War diplomatic contro-
versy with England over the British
interference with our shipping. The
recent British extension of their
blockade to the neutral ports of
Portugal and Spain has drawn no
protest from Washington, although
the blockade's legality is question
able in a field where the law is
muddy.
Evening star., 1940-08-19
Quotes Lincoln's Comment
On Undue Haste.

To the Editor of The Star:
With all the pressure the admins
tration is now exerting on Congress to
pass the conscription act, I know of
no better advice to the peoples rep
resentatives than that of Lincoln,
who in his first inaugural address
said, Nothing valuable can be lost by
taking time. If there be an object
to hurry any Of you in hot haste to
step which you would never take delib-
erately, that object will be frustrated by
taking time but no good object can be
frustrated by it,"
THE REV. ALFRED H. TERRY.
August u.
Evening star., 1940-08-19
Huskin's Answers
To Questions
BIZ Frederic J. Hdsktn.

A reader can get the dnsuer to am
question OF fact by 1Drtttno The Eue.
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred.
eric J. Haskin, director, Washtnqton,
DC. Please tnclose stamp for reply.
@. Has the German mark been stabi-
ized?-J. j. Y.
A. The German mark has been stabi-
lized for a number of years on the New
York Exchange around 40 cents.
@. What Is the largest artificial lake7
M. M
A. Lake Mead at Boulder Dam is the
largest man-made body of water In the
world.
@. Does the Bible forbid usury?-W.
L. B.
A. Deuteronomy xxiiil9 says: Thou
shalt not lend upon usury to thy BROTH
er; usury of money, usury Of victuals.
usury of anything that is lent upon
usury."
Q. What disease was called the kings
evil?-L. T. S.
A. This name was applied to scrofula,
which, 1t was formerly believed could be
cured by the royal touch.
@. Please give the late Clarence Days
tribute to books-C. B. H
A. 1t is as follows: The world OF
books is the most remarkable creation
of man. Nothing else that he builds ever
lasts. Monuments fall, nations perish,
civilizations grow old and die out, and,
after an era of darkness, new races build
others. But in the world of books are
volumes that have seen this happen
again and again and yet live on, still
young, still fresh as the day they were
written, still telling mems hearts of the
hearts of men centuries dead"
@. How many kinds of cheese are sold
In the United States?-C. H.
A. According TO recent report more
than 400 domestic and European varie-
ties Of cheese are now on the market
@. How many divisions of the United
States Army were sent to France in the
World War?-G. L.
A. There were 81 divisions during the
period of our participation in the World
War, of which only 43 crossed to France.
c. Is 1t possible for person who eats
plentifully to starve?-H @.
A. Food experts say that people can
starve to death even when they eat too
much, if some element necessary to life
is lacking in the diet.
O. How common are earthworms?-
p w.
A. One acre of ground may contain
over $4,000.
@. What commodities are effected by
the recent Federal Defense Tax Act?-
c. r. S.
A. The following are affected by the
Revenue Act of 1910: Admissions, ciga-
rettes, club dues, distilled spirits wines
and fermented malt liquors. playing
cards, automobile parts and automobiles,
toilet preparations. firearms, gasoline,
lubricating oils and conveyances.
O. Has the Post Office Department a
slogan?-C. J. H.
A. The motto of the Post Office De-
partment is Certainty. Security and
Celerity."
@. Who said The pen Is nightier
than the sword"?-R. C. B.
A. The saying was used by Edward
Bulwer Lytton, in "Richeleu," Act II,
Scene II. Benjamin Franklin also used
it in an Grafton.
Q. How do de-icers operate on air
planeS?-P. R.
A. De-icers are rubber tubes installed
lengthWise along the leading edges Of
the wing and stabilizer. They may be
intermittentlv inflated and debated,
thereby cracking off ice formations The
imitation is accomplished by air pres
sure furnished by engine-driven pumps.
Evening star., 1940-08-19
Believes Garner Should
Stay on Job.

To the Editor of The Star:
If John Nance Garner opposed nomi-
mating President Roosevelt for a third
term, he is entitled to his view; but
because of that fact, are the American
people to receive no further service from
the Vice President whom they elected
and whose salary they pay? II he were
ever needed to preside over the Senate
then surely he is needed now. when
issues of far-reaching consequence are
being decided. PAULINE D. TAYLOR.
Friendly, Md.
AuguSt l3.
Evening star., 1940-08-19
Thinks Underpasses Are
Not Justified.

To the Editor Of The Star:
The plan suggested in letter from
Mrs. Stella H. Stapleton. published
in your paper, which would make un-
necessary the construction Of unsightly
tunnels and underpasses at Washington's
beautiful circles and which would elimi-
nate heavy interstate trucking from the
city's principal residential thoroughfares,
Is deserving Of consideration.
It was never intended that trucks the
size of railroad freight cars should go
numbering through residential sections
and make night hideous with noise. Yet
these huge and noisy trucks and trallers
which operate between cities in the dead
of night use some of the principal resi-
Dental streets of Washington in crossing
town.
Mrs Stapleton says that Omaha, Chi
cago. Detroit and Pittsburgh, through
which she recently passed on motor
trip, do not allow the boulevards OF their
restricted residential districts to be used
by trucks and buses as is done in Wash
ington. I might add that other cities in
which have visited and lived do not al
low huge trucks operating between cities
at night to use their fine streets as cross
town highways, as Rhode Island and
Massachusetts avenue near Scott Circle
are used by these haulers.
The city of Washington, where more
people 60 to work in their cars than in
any other community, has only two
hour morning and afternoon peak OF
traffic and to provide underpasses at cir
cles which mar the beauty of the streets
radiating from these circles at an eX-
pense of hundreds of thousands OF dol
lars to taxpayers is unjustifiable.
August Is. DOROTHY RYNEA.
Evening star., 1940-08-19
Discusses Problem of
Public Employees
Federal Poy Roll Held Less
Burdened Than Those
Of Some Stotes
To the Editor OF The Star:

To the Editor OF The Star
The anti-federalist press has run amok
for long time in its repeated state
ments about the number Of jobholders
in the employ of the Federal Govern
ment. From a reading of the literature
dished out to the American citizenry
one is led to believe that this is a
phenomenon peculiar to the Federal
Government, but that the States in ex-
ercise of states rights, self-government,
local autonomy, etc, etc, govern them
selves competently and we'll with a min
imum of offlceholders and maximum of
efficiency.
Recently the writer has had occasion
to consider the relation of the citizen in
the framework of local government in
the State of Illinois. The situation
there Is very interesting. There are
more governmental units in that State
supported by taxation than in any other
State in the Union. The citizens of
Illinois have their civic affairs directed
by $4,000 separate taxing units. This
has been justified by the naive state
ment that the citizens of Illinois have
gone to the extreme in asserting rights
of self-government and local autonomy
Every citizen of Illinois pays property
taxes to at least three governments-a
county, township or road district and
school district. The citizen, however,
who has only this triplicate relationship
is the exception. Far more common are
the areas where citizens have to deal
with five, six, seven or even ten units.
rated into two independent districts.
In addition, there are cities, incorporated
towns and villages. as we'll as park,
sanitary, public health, forest preserve,
fire protection, mosquito abatement dis
tricts, etc. all of which multiply the OBJ
legations of the Illini and render their
responsibilities as citizens and taxpayers
exceedingly complicated. Taxes are
levied separately for the support of each
separate taxing unit.
The ostensible purpose of this multi
plicity of taxing districts has been the
rendering of better governmental serv-
ice In actuality. great number Of
these units have been set up to permit
borrowing or imposition of tax levies
beyond constitutional limits already
reached. The constitutional limitation
on Indebtedness is fixed at per cent
of the assessed valuation for each sepa-
rate Illinois municipal corporation.
Hence, overlapping and even co-termn-
Gus districts have been set up with diff
ferent corporate purposes so that each
may borrow up to the per cent limit.
particular instance of the overlapping
of taxing units and the resulting enor-
nous aggregate tax rate may be seen
in Elementary School District 81,
Waukegan City and Township, Lake
County, Ill. This excessively governed
area is taxed by seven separate units.
These units and their tax rates are as
follows:
Evening star., 1940-08-19
The Star Answers
Are Free to All

any question of fact and get the answer
back in a personal letter. 1t is a great
educational idea introduced into the
lives of the most intelligent people in
the world-American newspaper readers.
1t is part of that best purpose Of
for answering questions except return
postage What DO you want to know?
Evening star., 1940-08-19
struck up Nazi marching tunes in
an attempt to drown them out.

This joint demonstration was held
on private property Of the Bund,
with the result that those "Ameri-
cans" who wish to spend their Sun
days shouting Hell Hitler" and de-
nouncing their own Government were
able to claim the protection of the
American Bill of Rights. But theiI
conduct should be productive of one
desirable result If there are any
persons who still believe that there
is anything remotely American about
the Ku Klux Klan, demonstrations
such as that at Camp Nordlund
should speedily disillusion them.
Evening star., 1940-08-19

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to
the use for republication Of all news dispatches
credited 70 it or not otherwise credited in this
paper and also the local news published herein.
All rights OF publication of special dispatches
herein also are reserved
Evening star., 1940-08-19

Mrs. Willkie states that she re-
fused to vote for Roosevelt in 1882
because he left the State of New
York in debt" He was only warm
Ing up In the bullpen then!
Evening star., 1940-08-19
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address OF
the Uriter, although the use OF
q pSeudonym for publication is
permissible. The Star reserves
the right to edit all letters ,rith
q pie,U to condensation.
Evening star., 1940-08-19
Agrees With Lanier
Suggestion.

To the Editor of The Star:
In your issue of the 18th instant Alex
ander S. Lanier advocates severing dip
lomatic relations with Germany, Russia,
Italy and Japan.
I wish to second the motion.
August IS. M. M. JAYNE.
Evening star., 1940-08-19
Modern Dictionary and
Word Book

An up-to-date, authoritative dictionary
of 20 900 words in common use Includes
special supplements containing stand
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phrases, curious word origins, words
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wealth Of material not found in any
other popular priced dictionary. Con-
tains 382 pages of text, printed on Bible
paper, bound in pliable imitation leather
To secure your copy inclose Is cents in
coin, wrapped in this clipping.
Name
Street
City
State
Evening star., 1940-08-19
Member of the Associated Press.

Entered as second-class matter post ofdce.
Washington. D. c.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1940-10-26
N.Y.U. Got Even

Hello, Guardian sports fans and
column readers %. c0l0red fullback.
Lennie Bates Of N.Y.U.. has amazing
loyalty Of his schoolmates. When
Holy Cross put Bates out Of the game
last Saturday, y. Y. L. retaliated by
putting Il. c. fullback Joe Boratyn out
for the season and benching Tommy
Sullivan, while Capt. Jack Keller, Joe
Omanski and Frank Saba all pulled
up with injuries. . If Bates had been
IN the second half the Crusaders
might not have won. Ny adopted
Michigan should win over Penn today.
from what I've seen Of Tom Harmon
& Co. . Michigan Is the alma mater
OF the greats, Eddie Tolan and Will
lis Ward, who was Z pOwerhouse
Michigan end . COlored athletes are
doing well "out West" and We now
hear Of fullback Motley. q sensation
for Univ. OF Nevada 1t would
appear that more colored boys play
football in western white colleges than
here in the East. And they really
PLAY football in the west,
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1940-10-26
Locals In Texas

This week, thanks TO Jay Don Davis,
We have word from Austin, that Tillot-
son College Eagles under Coach
Randy Tufts Taylor hopes 10 win
this afternoon against P. c. Smith
from the Ozark Hills. Captained
by Joe Bracy, Tillotson has several
Boston boys including Milton
"Beefy" Granville and Chick Smith.
the former Mechanics Arts speed
back. When the 372nd goes south
ward next January only a few local
athletes will remain in Boston. a.. One
will be Corporal Eddie Digger. COM
pleting his term at the Tufts En-
cheering School before rejoining his
outfit. d. The Tufts track captain is
not loafing during the f-season.
Eddie has TO keep active and so he is
the president Of Gamma Chapter Of
Omega Psi Phi; vice president of the
Tufts Athletic Association; secretary
of the Tufts Varsity Club and right
regular fellow and credit to Uncle
Sam. All in one season, Eddie won
the Eastern, IC.4-A, and national COL
legiate high hurdles crowns, setting
records. And Tufts College vel
comes colored. More should attend.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1940-10-26
Spears Mark Time

The Senegalese Spears, Massachu-
sets colored intermediate champions
are gathering equipment for the STAR an
of their first year in defense OF tns
championship. With experimenting
over, Coach Tom Cleland and his war
riors will be ready to shoot the Il
this wear. With forwards Murt Nom y,
gomery, Booker Standfeld, "anS
Hyatt, and Ralph Tyler, Cleland pre- f
misses a wide open passing attack Il l.
Coce Lipman can spark the cent? iost
spot as he did the latter part Oh ia9'
wear. The same problem this yea at
relies on the play of the guards as n.. lus'
year. Capt. John Raynor D 3aD-s
Jones, Joe Smith, Gene Anu n tbe
(promising young sophomore oa l'ro nj,
veterans in this group. A large sru ,,iiI
of aspiring basketball players S snr
report one week after the regulars ~
tryouts.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1940-10-26
OhiO-State Popular

Continuing along Sportsdon ws
come 70 THE GAME Of today. Cornell
Is. Ohio State. and sure wish I could
see this one. Ohio State Is mighty
sore losing her Big Ten Conference
crown and Cornell IS trying 70 remain
indicated and 70 retain her no.
Charlie Anderson, star colored end
will face Cornell which used 10 boast
OF q colored star end, Brud Holland
Anderson Is z better PASS re-
ceiver than was Holland and he Is biz
and capable If his play against Min.
nesota means anything. Ohio State
gave Us Big Bill Bell, the brilliant
Buckeye tackle, now coaching Florida
4. & ". and his brother, Horace Bell.
the great Ohio guard. now assisting
Bill. And then there was Jesse
Owens. Nal Walker, Dave Albritton.
all champions in track. o.. So Cornell,
because Of Holland, and Ohio State
because Of several sepia stars. viii
prove a center OF colored fan attrac-
ton this afternoon.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1940-10-26
SPORTLICHT
By GEORGE r. SKELLY

him TOO much for after all he's GETTING
what he wants o.. an education. But
ne has made the same mistake TOO
many Of our athletes are making
today ne compromised z situation
that effects not only himself but a
whole race Of people who have long
been fighting against determinations
Of any type.
Bates must bear the brunt OF the
controversy now because his case Is
the latest but by far not the only one
this year nor viii It be the last. When
Boston College went 70 New Orleans
the same principle was involved for
wasn't Montgomery sidelined? And
what makes the B. c. case even more
noteworthy Is the fact that the game
was booked while Montgomery was z
member Of the squad, while in the
case Of Bates, the game had been ar
ranged for while he was yet 70 become
alone the football squad Then, too,
there is the case Of Boston L. They
have bowed 70 prejudice while preach
ing "fair play, also. All the fellows
at those colleges have a problem which
they are trying 70 solve but they
shouldn't once forget that there is a
greater problem outside Of school-life
which is being effected in no small way
by their decisions.
They should remember that the
same teammates who are sympathi-
zing now may some day remind them
that they once gave in 70 an argument
Of superiority without much opposi-
ton. They should remember, also,
that they owe it to their people to let
them know when they have agreed TO
such discriminatory practices for after
all q different attack would probably
be used.
Although we can't decide just what
the approach to the problem should
be, We do think that some Of our better
spirited citizens throughout this land
Of ours should interest themselves
more in these problems Of young
school people. Maybe that's where
the fault lies for it does seem that we,
as a people, should be able to assist
more Of our youngsters in their
schooling. Then, maybe we shouldn't,
l confess l don't know, but do know
that we had better show more interest
in them in a more lucrative way for
just as long as they are left to make
decisions for themselves they are 60
ing to make them in interest Of self
which doesn't help the race adjust
ment problem one bit.
Yes .. football in colleges is now a
commercial enterprise and it is fast
forgetting what the word SPORT
means. It is forgetting equally as
fast that there ever was such thing
as flair play" That's the situation,
today, friends 4. business no longer
takes the weekends oft works just
as hard on Saturdays and Sundays as
the other days. Ye're part of it and
we've got to fight it all the way for
equality.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1940-10-26
Dartmouth : Harvard

Altho Harvard invited me over to
the Harvard-Army game last week
couldn't make il. However, as pre-
dicted here, it was close After all.
no game is colorful unless the teams
are evenly matched. The Harvard
Army proved more exciting than the
Idaho-BC. affair which could hardly
be called a game. And again today,
Dartmouth and Harvard will be rather
evenly matched and will gamble with
nothing to lose, and thus again please
the fans who pay. What the Harvard
Yale game will produce is already
being anticipated. And the answer Of
course is thrills with it being any,
body's game. Dartmouth incidentally
has written me that colored athletes
are welcome up in Hanover, y. H. but
Matt Bullock and Johnny Shelburne
were the last in football, and they
were great. Dartmouth wanted
hobart of Rindge and will unlesse
some potentially brilliant backs
against Harvard in the belief they
can beat Harvard today. The Grim
son says they can't and I may be
wrong but it looks like a rather wild
game at the Stadium. The Indians
are here!
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1940-10-26
TUFTS HONORS
COLORED CAPTAIN

MEDFORD - The Tufts College
William Bennett Memorial scholarship
in honor of the former Tufts athlete
and world war hero killed in action,
was last week awarded to Jumbo
track captain Eddie Digger.
First Race Student
Digger, a senior in the Tufts
Engineering School has attained high
standards not only in athletics but
also in the classroom, on the campus,
and in the National Guard, where he
is corporal in the crack 372nd.
Selected for best representing the
character and ideals of William Ben
nett, Digger becomes the first colored
recipient of the famous award.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1940-10-26
Holy Gross Stunned
By 'Battering' Bates

NEW YORK-The inspired play of
N. Y. U. Colored fullback, Leonard
"Battering" Bates, stopt the highly
touted Holy Cross Crusaders cold for
the first half of the contest played
here last Saturday.
Put out of Game
A pre-game 81 favorite, Holy
Cross was trailing n. Y. U. at the
half, following brilliant all around
play by the 200-pound Bates who ran
roughshod thru the Crusader eleven
and carried the ball to the visitors
2 I'd. line to help give n. Y. L. 7-6
lead.
Desperate blocking by Holy Cross
put the colored boy out of the game
near the close of the half and Bates
did not play in the final half as the
Holy Cross team barely won the con-
test by touchdown, 1877.
Smashes H. c. Eleven
An overconfdent Worcester eleven
was set back on its heels from the
opening kickoff during the first half
as Quarterback Woody Whittekind of
N. Y. U. sent "Battering" Bates on a
rampage that ript the Holy Cross
line to shreds. Bates took H. C.
punt and smashed his way up to mid
field. He moved the ball down to the
only n. Y. U. score and knocked down
H. G. pass attempts to even the score.
1t was only after Bates left the game
that Holy Cross could muster the
power to satisfy the experts.