davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-11-09
PERSONALS

l. OlI OdChSO1l, NOlalAlDAoS NJ o'1 ~
spending the weekend in the city
with Mrs. Rodman. Mrs. Rodman
will accompany him to Columbia the
first of the week for a visit.
Miss Mary Wright Holland and
Miss May Taylor, students at St.
Mary's school in Raleigh, are
spending the weekend here with
their parents.
Charles NOEL, of Durham, is the
guest of Mr.. and Mrs. Walter
Storm at their home on Ann street,
Mr. NOEL having come to attend
the James-Grainger wedding to-
night.
Mr.. and Mrs. j. Holmes Davis,
Jr., are spending several days in
Pinehurst.
Misses Rena and Nan Clark, of
Tarboro, are visiting her sister,
Mrs. Mardsen Bellamy at her
home on Market street.
Alexander Hall and Mike Brown
left yesterday for Winston-Salem,
to attend the wedding of Miss
Georgia Hales Goodson and M.
Garnet Saunders, which will be
an event of this evening.
Bobby Strange, student at the
University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill, is spending the week
end here with his parents.
Robert Merritt arrived last eve
ming from Winston-Salem to spend
the weekend with his parents at
their home on North Fifth street.
Miss Tina Granger has arrived
from Charlotte and is visiting her
grandmother, Mrs. Charles S,
Granger at her home on South
Fifth street.
Mrs. M. G. Saunders left yester-
day for Winston-Salem to attenc
the wedding of her son, Garnet
Saunders to Miss Georgia Hales
Goodson this evening.
Friends of Mrs. William D. Kas-
sens will be pleased to learn that
she is doing nicely following an
operation at the James Walker
Memorial hospital.
Mr.. and Mrs. A. B. Hall have
as their guest, Miss Sarah Ruark,
of Raleigh, for the weekend.
Miss Eta Burt Warren, of Tren'
ton, is the guest of Miss Jean Hal
at her home on Church street. Miss
Warren is here to attend the
James-Grainger wedding this eve
ming.
Mrs. A. D. Mcclure, of Monroe.
is the guest of MIR. and Mrs. R. c
Pratt at their home on Chestnu'
street.
Mr.. and Mrs. +. Douglas Taylor
have visiting them at their home
on Market street, MI. and Mrs
William Clark, Jr., of Tarboro.
4 4 y
MIR. and Mrs. Hargrove Bel
lamy have as their guests MIR. ant
Mrs. Francis Jenkins, and Mr.. ane
Mrs. Sam Clark, of Tarboro.
u
Isidore May, of New York city
is in the city for ar extended vlsl
with friends.
Miss Lucille AyecocK, Of Raleigh
and Miss Letitia Knox, of Wash
v~~~-~
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-11-09
Birth

DR.. and Mrs. Harry Bone, of New
York city, announce the birth of a
daughter, on November 7. Mrs.
Bone is the former Miss Miriam Nc
Clammy, of Wilmington.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-11-09

ington, D. c., who will be brides
maids in the James-Grainger we'd
ding, tonight, r. guests of Miss
James at her home on Market
street
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-11-09

Carnegie Hall in New York is
celebrating it's 18th anniversary,
this season.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-11-09
IA S of the M MT
INV

Winter white for a dinner.
and-the. theater evening. This
most fla++ering Of eoIors is
used extensively in the newest
designs for informaI as we'll as
formal occasions. The suit
shown here. Of fine white wool.
is embroidered on IapeIs and
pockets with gold braid and
eoIored stones. The slim
straight skirt is slit at the front.
Designed by Henri Fourpome.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-11-09

Isidore May, of New York city,
is in the city for an extended visit
with friends. s
Miss Lucille AyecocK, Of Raleigh,
ana Miss Letitia Knox, of Wash
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-11-09

MIR. and Mrs. Hargrove Bel
lamy have as their guests MI. and
Mrs. Francis Jenkins, and MIR. and
Mrs. Sam Clark, of Tarboro.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-11-09

Mr.. and Mrs. +. Douglas Taylor
have visiting them at their home
on Market street, Mr.. and Mrs.
William Clark, Jr., of Tarboro.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-06

--s5c Got. Wear
Ever Alum n u m
Saucepans. Measuring
marks. Cover to At,
extra 24c.
Evening star., 1940-03-10

Gen. Sutter also leaves a son and
daughter in Acapulco, Mexico; a
son in San Francisco, and several
grandchildren. Mrs. General Bid
well Of California, who was present
at the funeral exercises, attended
by her father. Mr.. j. c. G.. Kennedy
of this city, contributed a large
floral anchor, which was laid on
the coffin. The Swiss Society, of
which MI Hitz is president,
acted as a guard of honor"
Loss of Lives.
There were many lives lost in
the early settling OF California.
Some few lived long enough to get
rich and gain fame, while the
great majority, failing in both,
died poor and penniless. One of our
natives, David C. Broderick, who
gained distinction in the Far West,
also paid dear price for it, losing
his life in a duel in San Francisco
In 1889. 20. -, -.
Mr.. Broderick was born here On
February 4. 1920, and the city direc-
tory of 1922 shows that his father
Thomas Broderick, was then a
stonecutter, residing on the north
side of East Capitol street, be-
tween Second and Third streets
within almost a stones throw OF
the building in which his son was
later to sit as a Senator and upon
which the older Broderick worked
after he came to this city from
Ireland.
The senior Broderick left WASH
ington in 1923 and took his family
to New York to live, and there David
attended the common schools and
learned the trade of stonecutter. In
early manhood, he engaged in
politics and became a power in
Tammany Hall. He was an un-
successful candidate for Congress
in 1846.
In 1849, he went to California and
engaged in smelling and assaying
gold. He carried with him the
Evening star., 1940-03-10

they at least give me a chance
until I can get some work? Will
they let my children starve because
we've been away for two months?"
Huddled around him and his worn
young wife in the waiting room,
the two children looked thin and
undernourished. Baby Dan,
months old, lay pathetically listless
as his mother held him.
Only Temporary Aid.
Nothing to do but give them tenn
porary cash relief out of the already
overdrawn budget for this purpose
which the Travellers Aid receives
through the Community Chest, and
keeps on trying to get the home
community to authorize. the family's
return.
More families coming all the time!
Will the money last through the
year at this rate? And more i'm
portant, what will these people do,
when the slender resources of this
Evening star., 1940-03-10

Community Chest-supported agency
cannot be stretched over their most
imperative needs.
For to become eligible for public
relief in Washington one must have
lived here and been self-supporting
for at least II consecutive months.
Even then the family is not consid-
cred eligible for aid unless the head
of the family is "unemployable."
Residence cannot be gained in
Washington if, during the year, the
family or individual has received a
loan or temporary assistance from
any agency-even if the loan is paid
back. Nor can residence be acquired,
if the family has been living with
friends or relatives, or has been
receiving any income from them
during that time.
Admittedly, Mrs. Ford said, the
problem for both public and pri-
vate agencies is almost impossible
Evening star., 1940-03-10
Loss of Residence Creates Problem Needy Families Forced Traeel

in view of the limitations of funds
available for relief.
Statesmen and show people, as well
as seasonal labor of all varieties, are
all included among the travelling
self supporting public who may
quite suddenly become unwanted
"transients." For they may easily
be penalized by residence barriers if
their livelihood fails them, or If
i'll health or some other misfortune
drains their resources, Mrs. Ford
pointed out.
In Washington, domestic workers
compose another group who are in
danger of losing residence when
they leave the District to take jobs.
This very thing has happened to
Washington women upon taking
housework positions in the neigh
boring States of Virginia and Mary
land, when their employers may re-
quire that they Give in" If they
work and "live in" within the near
by areas for as long as II months,
they have lost their residence in
Washington and yet have not ac-
quired residence in the adjoining
State.
Demands for Care.
'It is interesting to note that no
matter what the community attitude
may be toward transients as whole,
the individual transient who ap-
proaches as individual citizen re-
ceives immediate sympathy, fol-
lowed by demand for care" said
Mrs. Ford.
"We receive many letters and
phone calls when some specific case
comes to the attention of the public.
The Application Bureau of the Com
munity Chest is as aware of this fact
as is the Travellers Aid Society"
But indignant individuals can do
little to solve intricate family prob
lens. Their treatment requires the
services of a social worker trained in
the understanding of what lies be-
meath their situation. It requires a
knowledge of the resources not only
of the whole community, but, in
effect, of the whole country.
The Travellers Aid Society, being
link in national chain Of agencies
dealing with the travelling public, is
in unique position.
From Bangor, Me, to Seattle,
Wash.-from Detroit, Mich, to
Houston, Tex.-from New York to
San Francisco-Travelers' Aid So
cieties work at the gateways Of
travel, In 1888 cities and towns.
Because we are stationed at
Evening star., 1940-03-10

faith led them to the Nations Cap
ital to find the solution?
Transiency has begun to carry a
penalty, Mrs. Ford brought out
fact as yet unrealized by many
citizens, but we'll recognized by So
cial welfare agencies, public and
private. For, paradoxically enough,
in a transportation age when facil-
tiles for travel are being constantly
increased, cities, counties and States
have begun to build a wall of resi-
dence laws.
Modern America is following a
trend that may be traced back as
far as EliZabethan England, when
scarcity of food and work led town.
ships to bar the gates of the town
against all but their own" Mrs.
Ford pointed out. To conserve relief
expenditures, American cities, coun-
ties and States have gradually been
building higher and stronger bar
riers against the influx of possible
dependents and even against the re-
turn of their own residents. Rigid
residence requirements are being set
up to determine material aid or
work relief eligibility in practically
every community.
Their Rights Lost.
Many of the families who reach
the Travellers Aid office in Wash
ington have been on the road long
enough to have completely lost their
residence rights have just started
out, quite unaware that almost as
soon as they leave their home COM
munity of many years the legal resi-
dence bars close down behind them.
In some States loss OF residence
rights, so far as public relief Il
concerned, can occur through ar
absence of few hours, if a family
leaves with intent to stay away
Once lost, the family's residence
rights can be received in their home
communities only if they are self
supporting from one to ten years
after they returned-even though
they may previously have lived there
all of their lives.
What have I done that is wrong?'
asked Hiram K, bewildered, when
the Travellers Aid worker explained
that his town in a neighboring State
is questioning his residence and his
right to public aid If he returns
with his family.
IT didn't have a job at home
50 I left and came here to look
for one. Now you say they don't
want me to come hack. Why? Won't
Evening star., 1940-03-10
City and Suburbs Sent
Parties in Gold Craze
Lost Treasure.Laden Vessel,
Central America, Recalls
Days of Mining Activities

antagonists fire, Mr.. Broderick
raised his right arm. still grasping
his pistol. 1t was the impression
that he had been shot in the
shoulder. His arm contracted and
a spasmodic effort was made to
brace himself up. The leaden mes
senger, however, had gone to a
more sensitive and vital part. After
endeavoring to summon the will to
resist the pressure that was bearing
him down, the head dropped in a
recumbent position over the right
shoulder, the knees bent outwardly,
and at length, gently and calmly as
a child retiring to rest, Mr. Broderick
eased to the earth. pressing the
right breast with the hand still
holding the pistol, and lying on his
left side.
Mr.. Broderick was taken to the
house of his friend, Leonidas Haskell,
Esq, at Black Point, nearly 2 miles
from the Plaza, and was seated in
a bed with his face toward the bay
and propped up with pillows. Here
Drs. Loehr, Sawyer and Rowell at
tended him during the day, and
hundreds of the friends of the
Senator hurried out to learn the
worst. There appeared little likeli-
hood of his recovering. He was able
to speak during the afternoon, but,
owing to the wounding of his lungs,
the articulation was generally in
distinct and unintelligible. The
internal bleeding caused intense
pain and a sutfocating sensation.
In town the excitement exceeded
anything we have known for some
years"
This was not the first duel fought
by Broderick, former one having
been with Judge j. Caleb Smith, in
which he received a bullet in one
of the side pockets of his waistcoat,
where, it is said. for the first and
only time, he carried his watch,
which upon this occasion saved his
life.
Another tragic incident that re-
calls the days when the East was
winning the West and the price
paid in human souls for Califor-
MIA gold is told in tine story of the
loss Of the Central America with
nearly all on board, including the
captain of the ship. William Lewis
Herndon, whose daughter, Ellen
Evening star., 1940-03-10

corresponding secretary and taking
part in its patriotic celebrations.
Gen. Sutter was not newcomer
to California when gold was dis
covered there; indeed, he had ar
rived at San Francisco more than 10
years before, going from there to
the shores of the Sacramento River
Here, in two years, he had amassed
a princely fortune, some of his pos
sessions being 1000 horses. $500
cattle and 1000 sheep, besides a
large business in furs. He proved
of valuable assistance to Comdr.
Wilkes, Commodore Catesby Jones,
L. w. Hastings, John c. Fremont
and others interested in exploring
the Pacific Coast.
Sutter was generous to a fault,
and he trusted everybody. It made
no difference If the party that made
its way to his camp consisted of one
person or a hundred, he did the best
he could for all.
Trouble, Not Gold.
But the discovery of gold on Gen.
Suffers place brought compara-
lively little of the yellow metal to
that pioneer, and a whole lot of
trouble, which probably had much
to do with bringing on his death
His complications were many, and
upon one occasion when reduced by
circumstances to a mere living, he
said: IF that gold discovery had
just come few years later I'd have
been a millionaire. But it broke me
up. for I finally lost my land grant
and the Supreme Court decided the
grant wasn't good because it wasn't
signed at the Mexican capital. It
was a mere technicality, but I
lost it."
No sooner had gold been discov-
cred upon his place than Sutter
found himself involved in litigation
about his titles. He Immediately
filed a claim before the United
Evening star., 1940-03-10

political experience gained in New
York, and in 1850, when California
was taken into the Union, he be-
came member of the State Senate,
serving as president of that body
In 1851. Six years later, he was
elected to the United States Senate,
and served from March 4, 1857. until
his fatal duel with David S. Terry,
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
of California, near San Francisco,
on September 13, 1859. He died
three days after the encounter.
Other Duels Fought.
These were still the days of duels
in California, though the people in
the Eastern States had almost en-
tirely abandoned this method of
settling personal differences. The
trouble in this case was the result
of abusive remarks delivered in q
speech by Judge Terry at the Le-
compton State Convention at Sacra-
mento regarding Senator Broderick.
and later, in the presence OF D. w.
Perley. the Senator retorted with
harsh epithets" Perley took up
the judges cause and challenged
Broderick to mortal combat, which
the Senator declined, but expressed
willingness to fight Judge Terry
at the close of a canvass then in
progress.
The meeting took place as plan
ned, but because of police interfer-
ence and the arrest of the principals,
the duel was postponed. The fol-
lowing morning. the parties met in
the vicinity of San Francisco, where
there were no police officers to in
terfere. Terry was seconded by
Calhoun Benham and Thomas
Hayes. Broderick was seconded by
Joseph McKilben, member of Con-
gress from California, and by an
other man, said to have been either
ex-Sheriff Cotton of Yreka or John
A. Monroe.
News of Tragedy.
In referring to this tragedy, a
San Francisco account printed at
the time said:
Immediately upon receiving his
Evening star., 1940-03-10
Bv Ruth G. Porter.

Ten years ago it was the home
less men who trekked Washington
ward in overwhelming numbers.
Five years ago it was youth on
the march"
Today, whole families on-the-move
dominate in the kaleidoscope pic
ture of transiency as it has been
mirrored in the experience of the
Travellers Aid Society of Washing
ton over the past decade.
Mrs. Margaret Ford, who is COM
pleting ner fifteenth year as execu-
tive secretary of the society, stated
that transient families are appar-
emily coming to washington in ever
increasing numbers. The stranded,
utterly dependent nonresident
families" to whom the Travellers Aid
gave help in 1899 number 2,510, or
more than 400 above the total for
the previous year, when the number
was 1908 such families. And 1888
In turn topped the 1887 record.
Problems of the dependent fam
lilies show more marked increase in
the past few years than any of the
many other travellers who yearly
come to the Travellers Aid for help
and guidance-either at the Union
Station desk or In the headquarters
offices of the agency at 612 E street
NV.
"Something-call it a pioneer
spirit, the desire to better them
selves, the hope of a job and better
times elsewhere-is pushing them
out of their home communities"
said Mrs. Ford.
They are as truly refugees from
insecurity as the dustbowl families
described in John Steinbeck's THE
Grapes Of WRATH" she declared.
Not Yet Dramatized.
"No novel has as yet been written
to dramatic their predicament.
They are unsung, and unwanted as
we'll For they are creating a prob
lem for which most communities
can find no real solution"
What makes a family en- route
between communities into an un-
wanted transient? The fact that
when work was not to be had back
home they had the initiative to pull
up stakes and seek opportunity else
where? The fact that their chill
dren were so ill.fed, ill-clad, and
ill-housed at homa that their naive
Evening star., 1940-03-10

crossroads, at gateways, on main
travelled roads, we have special OPP
portunity to sense causes" Miss
Bertha Mccall, national executive
of all Travellers Aid organizations,
with headquarters in New York City,
declared recently.
LAS troubled people pass through
our cities and by chance come to
the Travellers Aid. we can help for
the moment, but we all know that a
more permanent plan for opportu-
mites for living is what these mi
gratory groups need"
In spite of the barriers imposed
against them, Mrs. Ford said, this
neglected group inevitably becomes
a drain on some communtiy-be-
cause of delinquency, of need for
hospital and other health services.
What kind of people are they?
Are they families bitten by the
wanderlust microbe, taking to the
road for the variety and adventure
Of it? Are they just born panhan-
dlers, who would rather lead wan
dering, begging existence than work
for living?
Not at all, states Mrs. Ford. A
different type of family and individ-
ual "on the road has been becom-
ing more and more evident over the
15-year period during which she has
been able to watch the changing
panorama Of "transiency" from the
vantage point of the Travellers Aid
office.
From Economic War.
"Transients" as we know them
now were created by the economic
war" of the 3Os, Mrs. Ford be-
lieves. From self-respecting, self
sufficient citizens of communities,
with place in civic affairs, they
have become the unwanted tram
sients-the dependent non-residents
who In all previous chapters of
American history were the pioneers,
lauded for their courage and initia-
tive.
Thousands of families have been
broken and scattered. Many fathers
and sons may be. found among the
homeless men" groups, living in
jungles, missions and forever wan
dering.
Mothers and children of 10 years
ago? No one knows" said Mrs.
Ford.
"The few who have come back this
way again recite tragic story of
unemployment, poverty, inadequate
relief, illness, lost residence and q
hatd-to-mouth, hopeless existence"
Evening star., 1940-03-10

went West. He settled at Westport,
Mo, and engaged in an active and
extensive trade in livestock. In 1888.
in company with six men, he under
took the journey of 1000 miles
through the Indian country. and
when he arrived at Fort Vancouver,
not finding any means of reaching
San Francisco. he took passage for
the Sandwich Islands. After engag-
ing in trade between the islands and
the Pacific Coast in the year 1847,
he founded colony short distance
up the Sacramento River and be-
came an extensive cattle dealer and
trader.
1T was while settled there he dis
covered gold.
For the past IS years Gen. Sutter
has been trying to obtain some rec
ognition from Congress. and spent
his winters in this city and the rest
Of his time al his home in Leitz,
Pa, where his aged wife resides"
Funeral Services. ~
1Wo udyS ldleI, LIE quar- IldO tIllS
to say OF his funeral:
THE funeral of Gen. John A.
Sutter, the discover of gold in Cali
fornia, took place Saturday after
noon from Mades Hotel, many
Callfornians and citizens of this
District being present. The funeral
services were conducted by Rev.
Byron Sunderland, pastor of the
Presbyterian Church of Four-and-
one-half street. In his discourse, the
pastor paid an eloquent tribute to
the character of the deceased. The
pallbearers were Gen. John Ham,
mond, New York City: Col. I. S
Tlchenor, Col. F. B. Schaffer, A. M
Keneday and Capt. Peter Ailabach
of this city; Capt. C. P. Brandall,
Oregon; Col. James S. Peirce of
this city; E. o. F. Hastings, San
Francisco, Cal; Hon. John Hitz
Swiss consul; all Californians but
the last named. The remains were
sent for interment to the late home
Of the deceased in Pennsylvania. >
Evening star., 1940-03-10

States Land Commissioners for 33
square leagues of land. covering the
sites of the cities of Sacramento
and Marysville. and the commits
sioners allowed it. AS reward for
his military service, Gov. Alvarado,
in 184l, gave him IL leagues of land
and in 1845 Gov. Micheltoresto
gave him % leagues.
The case involving the titles to
his property was appealed on be-
half of the United States to the
Supreme Court. The attorneys who
appeared for Gen. Sutter were Gen
Benjamin F. Butler and N. st. John
Green, while John j. Crittenden and
Robert J. Walker represented in his
name the purchasers of land from
him in and about Sacramento AS
before stated, the final result was
adverseto Sutter. IN 1854 the Cali
fornia.@Legislatura came to his as
sistarce and granted him a pension
of $3.50 month.
Published Obituary.
The day after his death in Wash
ingtcn, The Star of June 10, 1880,
published the following brief
account of his life:
Gen. John Augustus Sutter, the
discoverer of gold in California
died at Mades' Hotel yesterday
afternoon after a weeks illness. =
Gen. Suffers life was an eventful
one. He was born February Is. 1903,
at Kandern, on the borders of
Switzerland, of Swiss parents. tenn
porarily sojo'rrning in the Grand
Duchy of Baden.
During childhood, he resided with
his parents in the village of Ruenen-
burg, Basel County, whereof the
family were citizens. He attended
school in the City of Basel, and later
received in the same place a
thorough course of commercial train
ing. He thereupon entered the
Swiss Military High School, and
after having graduated as an officer
took service in the French Army.
After service of seven years, he
returned to his home in Switzerland,
but shortly after Gin 1834), he emf
grated to the United States and soon