davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-10-02
WiI|kie Declares
Axis Nations Think
.0fU. ). in War Terms
Our One Hope Is to Be
Strong Soys Nominee;
On Way to Ohio
BY J. A. OLEARY,
Star Stsff Correspondent.

ON BOARD THE WILLKIE
SPECIAL NEAR TOLEDO. Oct. a.
Wendell Willkie declared today the
recent German n-Italian-Japanese al
lance reflects IAN antagonistic atti-
tude toward the United States" and
warnee that this Nation must be
come strong"
1t was his first comment on the
new pact and came Unexpectedly
early today. when he stopped to ad-
dress several thousand persons at
Adrian. Mich. just before carrying
his campaign into the important
State of Ohio with its 26 electoral
votes.
"A few days ago We read in the
papers," Mr.. Willkie said. about
pact being signed between Italy,
Germany and Japan. The obvious
purpose was an antagonistic atti-
tude toward the United States. Un-
der such circumstances there is just
one hope for the United States.
We have little influence in foreign
affairs. In effect, Japan and Italy
agreed that if we should come into
conflict with Germany they would
assist. or if we came into conflict
with Japan, the others would assist.
Says u. S. "Must Be Strong"
In other words, those three coun-
tries are thinking Of the United
States in terms of war. Now, we are
not thinking of war, we are thinking
of peace. Yet. here in 1910 are
three of the most belligerent powers
in the world thinking Of us in terms
of war"
After referring to the new alli-
ance, Mr.. Wllkie asserted that
what this country had to say
about foreign affairs used to have
tremendous effect, but in this year
of 1910 what we say has little effect"
Under such circumstances, he told
the crowd. there is just one hope
for the United States, and that
Is to become strong-strong in do
mestic economy and military de-
Tense"
I'VE need both" he asserted. "and
In both respects We are presently
very weak"
To prove his contention that this
administration has not shown fore
sight in foreign policy, Mr.. Willkie
declared that in 1929, before Hit
Ter was heard Of" the United States
was spending 81 per cent OF its
budget on national defense In
1886, he said, after this admins
tration had been in power for three
years. only per cent of this coun-
trys outlay went for national de-
fense.
AS he prepared to speak at To-
ledo, youngstown and Cleveland
advance reports reaching his spe-
cial train from local sources were
to the effect that the Republican
ticket has a far better chance in
(See WILLKIE, Page Aid
Evening star., 1940-10-02
BY ]. A. FOX.

Striking out Senate amendment
that would have conferred perma-
nent civil service status on approx
mately 5000 employees on temporary
duty in the Census Bureau, and
agreeing on a number of other
changes in the measure. conferees
today completed action on the
Ramspeck civil service extension and
sent it back to the Senate for action.
The measure. which will permit
the President to bring approximately
$50 900 positions under civil service,
and extend the Classification Act
pay scales to the field service, Will
60 to the House after the Senate
has disposed of it.
The ccnferees also agreed to make
Evening star., 1940-10-02
Bv tie Associated Press.

Bv the Associated Press.
LONDON. Oct. 2-Squadron after
squadron of Nazi warplanes flew to
the attack on London today. but
British fighters gave them battle
and were officially credited with
turning back each succeeding wave.
The Briticm Air Ministry an
nounced early tonight that all at
tacks have been intercepted and
broken up by our fighters"
A communique acknowledged,
however, that a few CT the Ger
man planes managed to penetrate
London's defenses and drop bombs
which inflicted some fatalities.
Six Attacks Attempted.
Six massed attacks were at
tempted on the empires capital and
a toll of nine Nazi planes was taken
as they tried to slip through a
patchy sky to strike at the city.
Evening star., 1940-10-02
Egypt 10 Be Scene
OF Next Big Battle,
London Circles Hold
Zero Hour for Invasion
Held Post; Nozis Seen
Directing Africon War
By DREW MIDDLETON,

Associated Press war correspondent
LONDON, Oct. 2.-The zero hour
for attempted invasion of Britain
this year has passed, in the opinion
of neutral military observers and
unofficial British sources. while there
are signs that the battle of Britain
will be fought in Africa, probably in
Egypt.
British military informants said
they had mo reason to doubt" that
the German high command had
taken over direction of Italian op-
erations in North Africa and mo
good reason not to believe" that
Germany had moved troops into
Italy, presumably to reinforce the
Italians in Africa.
Italy has done little lately, one
source said, except to build up a
position at Sidi Barrani, Egypt, as
an advance base and push some
forces southeastward toward the
silva Oasis, which is go to 10 miles
inside the Egyptian frontier.
These sources pointed out that
1talyS offensive might be aimed
either at Matruh or Alexandria from
that oasis.
Watchful for Invasion.
Officially the British are keeping
their watchfulneSS against invasion
of these isles at the same high pitch,
but the influential Manchester
Guardian declared today that
"Watchfulness must now extend
more and more to the Mediter-
ranean, for on events there the en-
pire's future may depend"
The Guardian commented that
"the R. A. F's successes during the
last month permit us to be conf
dent about the future of the battle
of Britain. Hitler may still order
(See STRATEGY, Page A-3)
Evening star., 1940-10-02
Farmef-Labor Party
In Minnesota Faces
Distintegration
Only Salvation Seen
In New Figures and
Rewon Confidence
By G. GOULD LINCOLN,
Star Staff Correspondent.

MINNEAPOLIS. Oct. 2.-The
Farmer-Labor party, few years
ago the dominant political organ
ization in Minnesota, today is
threatened with extinction. The
death of Gov. Floyd Olson several
years ago. the more recent death
of the late Senator Lundeen and the
withdrawal of Senator Shipstead
from the party-he is now Repub-
lican nominee for the Senate seat
he holds-removed from the party
outstanding leaders. Unless and
until the Farmer-Laborites find
some new figures. men who can
obtain the confidence of the people,
the party seems doomed to disinte-
crate. 1t is under attack today, not
only by the Republicans but also
by its former allies, the Democrats.
The Farmer Labor party began its
tumble in 1887 when Brig. Gen.
George E. Leach, Republican, was
elected Mayor of Minneapolis over
Kenneth Haycraft, who had the
Endorsement of the Farmer-Labor
party. The death of Gov. Olson
first put Hjalmar Peterson and then
Elmer Benson in the Governors
chair. The Benson administration,
charged with waste and worse, was
exceedingly unpopular. The Farmer
Labor party was split into right and
left wings, which did not help. The
farmers, many of them. reached the
conclusion that the party was all
for the benefit of the labor unions
and not for them. They fell away
in droves. Charges were made that
Jews were moving into Office and
control, which did not appeal to a
large number of Germans and
Scandinavians in the State, many
of them in the Farmer-Labor party.
G. O. p. Wins With Stassen.
That was the situation in 1888.
Gov. Benson sought denomination
for Governor and engaged in
terrific fight with Mr.. Peterson, who
had the backing of the more con-
servative wing of the party. Gov.
Benson finally won, but by a mar
row margin. The Republican party
was lucky. 1t abandoned its old
guard candidates of Governor and
nominated youthful Harold E. Stas-
sen. When election day rolled
round, Mr.. Stassen simply showed
Mr.. Benson under-deSpite deal
which had been arranged by the
Farmer-Laborites with the Demo-
Gratis for the support of Benson.
The Republicans took command of
the State. They also elected seven
out of the nine members of the
House delegation, leaving only one
seat for the Farmer-Labor party
and one for the Democrats.
In 1896, when a deal was en-
gineered between the New Dealers
and the Farmer-Laborites, the
Democrats Withdrew their candi-
dates for Governor and Senator in
return for the support of the Farm
er-Labor voters for President
Roosevelt. Olson, Farmer-Labor, was
reelected Governor with q vote Of
10000 to 431, 900 for Nelson, Re-
publican. The late Senator Lun-
deem was elected Senator in the
same year, with a vob. Of $4,000 to
(see NINNE0OTz, 1aSs A-11
Evening star., 1940-10-02
Foreigners Control
War Supplies Firms
In u. s., Report Says
S. E. c. Finds Huge Share
OF Wealth in Hands
OF Three Families

Several United States companies
which supply strategic war ma
terials for this country are under
foreign control, the Senate Monop-
oily Investigating Committee was
told today in report.
The report. prepared confidential
ly under direction of the Securities
and Exchange Commission, delves
into the control of about 200 large
American industries. The report
disclosed that three families-the
Du Points, the Rockefellers and the
Mellons-have total stockholdings
which enable them TO control huge
share of industrial wealth in this
country.
OF the 200 great industries, several
are under foreign control, the report
states. Three or four are furnishing
strategic war materials. it was said.
Among those mentioned in this
category in the report are the Shell
Oil e. Allied Chemical Co.'S, it was
learned.
The study went deeply into the
stock control of the largest nom
financial institutions in the country
and showed that a very small mi
nority of the stockholders was able
to control a majority of shares in
most of the industries. This con-
troll, it was said, was exercised by
cooperation between family men,
bers in many cases.
Holdings Top Sl,350, 5000.
The du Pont, Mellon and Rookie
feller families have total holdings
of more than 81 $l,350,000,00O in these
large corporations. it was stated,
and are the most powerful inf1u-
ences. The corporations included
in the study comprise about one
half of all domestic corporations on
the basis of assets, dividends and
stockholders.
The study revealed that in most
of the corporations per cent OF the
stockholders held enough votes to
constitute a majority. On a total
basis. it was said, 80 per cent OF the
stock of these corporations was held
by per cent of the stockholders.
Closely Owned Firms.
Most closely owned corporations
included the gas and electric utilities,
the automobile industry, building
equipment, lumber and paper, chem
ical, rubber and leather. Almost
$50 of the 200 largest industries were
found to be controlled by single
small group. The control of the
others was more evenly distributed
among a number of stockholders.
The Du Pont family. with control
of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.,
General Motors Corp. and United
States Rubber Corp, was described
as the most powerful of the groups.
The holdings of this family was
said to be in excess of $3.50, 900 900.
The holdings of the Mellon and
Rockefeller families were estimated
at close to $40O 900, 900 each.
Evening star., 1940-10-02
Crew of Torpedoed Ship
Sofe After a Doys at SEQ
Bx the Associated Press.

BY the ASsoClated PreSs.
LONDON, Oct. 2.-Twenty-e eight
crewmen of the 4,319-ton Norwegian
vessel Westward, which was tor
pedoed Friday off the Hebrides, were
safe in Ireland today after four days
and nights in an open lifeboat.
They reported one seaman was
drowned when the crew had to
crowd into a single lifeboat after
a second torpedo struck the other
of the two lifeboats the vessel had.
Evening star., 1940-10-02
Further Fortificotion
Plans Are Abandoned

FORT DE FRANCE. Martinique
Oct. 2 (P).-Plans for further work on
military Notifications for this
French island possession have been
abandoned entirely, government off,
cials said today.
Some of the work had been started
before the European war broke out,
some was begun after that.
These plans included the length
ening of drydock and a pier which
also could be used for commercial
purposes. Work on these, officials
said, never was started. and no
orders have come from the Vichy
government to begin construction.
French officials said the popula-
ton here is greatly shocked" that
British authorities have detained M.
Carde, former Governor of Mar
Unique, and M. Pevoil, former ad-
ministrator, at st. Johns, Antigua,
British West Indies.
Off1cials said they we're keenly in
terested in the British action, which
seemed to them contrary to the
neutrality of the West Indies"
Evening star., 1940-10-02
Romspeck Bill Goes to Senate
As Conferees Complete Action
5000 Temporary Census Workers Out;
Measure Is Effective on Enactment

the measure effective Immediately
upon enactment instead of delaying
it until April Is next, as proposed
by the Senate.
State Quota Provision Out.
The conference upheld the Senate
in striking out a House provision
that would have withheld the bene-
fits from employees hailing from
States which have more than their
quota Of positions in the appor-
toned service and modified another
Senate amendment to permit deputy
collectors of internal revenue and
deputy United States marshals to
acquire civil service status. 1t was
decided, however, to continue assist
ant United States attorneys outside
,See RAMSPECK. Page A-6)
Evening star., 1940-10-02
French Ex-OfficioIs
Are Held BY British

ST. JOHNS. Antigua, British
Kest Indies, Oct. 2 (P.-Two former
officials of the French colonial serv-
ice have been detained here, it was
disclosed today. while flying from
the French West Indian Island of
Martinique to Miami, Fla.
The Frenchmen, NJ Carde, for
mer Governor, and M. Pevoil, for
mer administrator, were alleged by
British officials here to have been
found in possession of certain arti-
cles contrary to defense regula-
tions. No further details were re-
vealed.
Martinique is still under the Pc
tain-Laval government of Vichy.
Evening star., 1940-10-02
More Troops Called
By Swiss Government
~ the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
BERN, Switzerland, Oct. AT the
suggestion of the Swiss high COM
mand the government today called
many new troops and officers to the
colors to replace others who, COM
munique said, will soon be released
from active duty.
The number affected was not
stated.
Evening star., 1940-10-02
Nozis Claimed Delaying
U. S. Couriers in France
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK. Oct. "A Pan
American Airways offlcial says
United States State Department
couriers to Germany are being de-
tanned deliberately" by German
consular officers in crossing oc-
cupied France as a German retail
iapry measure for the sale of
destroyers to Britain,
Evening star., 1940-10-02
i: Move j!l| Seen
Io()Ge,f Planes
AT Martinique
Question Believed
Discussed by Roosevelt
And French Envoy -
BY tie Associated Press.

By tie Associated Press.
American efforts to recover more
than 100 American built war planes
lying idle on the French island of
Martinique in the Caribbean were
reported in diplomatic quarters to-
dey.
Usually well informed persons said
they understood this was one of the
principal topics discussed yesterday
bv President Roosevelt and the
French Ambassador, CASTOR Henry
Haye.
The planes, purchased by the for
mer Anglo-French Purchasing Mis-
sion. were taken to the island aboard
the French aircraft carrier Bearn
about the time of the French-Ger-
man armiStice.
Removal Barred by British.
British warships have prevented
the removal since.
Return of the planes to the United
States for use in its own defense
program, diplomatic sources said,
might help to improve relations gen.
orally between this country and
Vichy government and ease tension
over the Martinique problem.
The Ambassador was said to have
made no definite promises except to
refer the matter to his government.
Following the Roosevelt Henry
Haye meeting, the French Ambas-
sador acknowledged to reporters that
there had been discussion of re-
ports that the Vichy government Is
planning to improve French forth
fications at Martinique. While en-
phasizing that he had received
no official word of such intention
from his government, Mr.. Henry
Haye said plans for such fortifica-
ton had been drafted before the
war began last year.
Martinique Discussed.
He said there had been an ex-
change of views between himself
and Mr.. Roosevelt and that he felt
confident there was nothing very
important separating the attitudes
of the French and American govern
mentS."
Martinique officials said today
that plans for further work on the
islands military Notifications had
been abandonedD
Later, the President cautioned re-
porters against interpreting this to
mean that there is substantial
agreement" between the two gov
ernments on any plan for strength
ening French facilities at Mar
Unique.
Informed Washington observers
believe this Government would never
consent to the expansion of the
naval or military facilities of any
foreign government-except pos
sibly Great Britain-in an area
where lie the vital defenseS of the
Panama Canal and even of the en-
tire hemisphere.
Evening star., 1940-10-02

Rams batted in-Higsins, 2; Barten, 2;
McCosky, Ripple, Campbell. 2; Goodman.
Two-base hits-M. Mccormick, Goodman,
Werber.
Three-base hit-York.
Home Fun-Campbell.
Sacrihce-Campbell.
Double plays-Wilson ard Joost; HiGTins,
Gehfinger and York. u
Hoo0 oa ba1e-o2 Uoffinsse, 1; - AassA
Evening star., 1940-10-02

Page Page.
Amuse- Radio -C-10
ments -A-14-15 Serial Story C-5
Comics C-10-11 Society -- B-3
Editorials A-1O Sports ----C-1-3
Finance Alb Woman's
Lost, Found C-5 page ----C-4
Obituary ALI
Foreign
Waves of German planes batter at
London. Page Al
Next battle may be fought In Africa,
London sources think. Page Al
r. A. F. planes blast war factories in
Berlin. Page Al
Great fire set at Manchester, Ger
mans claim. Page Az
National
World Series opens today before SELL
out crowd of $4,000. Page Al
Willkie invades Ohio in quest for
26 electoral votes. Page Al
Wallace criticizes WILKES "confus-
ing" power statements. Page AS
Washington and Vicinity.
Red Cross opens flrst-aid course for
1000 tonight. Page B-1
Hearings on D. C.-virginia bou!. !.dary
open today. PasS D-l
Evening star., 1940-10-02
Summary Of Todoy's Star

Intercompany transfer plan being
weighed. Page B-1
Evening star., 1940-10-02
Weather Forecast

Cloudy, continued cool tonight; tomor-
row fair, not quite so cool; gentle north
west winds. Temperatures today
Highest So, at midnight; lowest, 81, at
tbs am: So at 2 pm.
From the United Stares weather Bureau report.
Full details on PAGE A..
Evening star., 1940-10-02
Not a Derringer Day.

4; OF Newsom. 4.
by Newsom, 3; by Riddle, g.
Hits-O6 Derringer, 5 In Ia innings; on
Moore, In 675 innings; on Riddle. in
I inning.
Winning pitcher-Newsom.
Losing pitcher-Derringer.
Umpires-Messrs. k0 m IN L.). Orms6v
Attandaneo-31,1o8.l
Evening star., 1940-09-29
Maine Shows National Trend,
But Only in Relative Terms
Democrats Must Get More Than 81 Per Cent of
Vote to Win Election, Analysis of Recent
Campaign Statistics Indicates
By Louis II. Bean.

and the Nation as a whole So per cent,
or difference of only points In Maine
the Democratic proportion has not borne
as consistent a relationship to the ma
tional figures. In 1896 the Maine Demo-
cratic vote was 18 percentage points be.
low the national average. In 1912 Maine
went about as much Democratic as the
Nation as whole Ceaving out the third
party Bull Moose vote), but by 1886 the
Maine Democratic vote again averaged
10 Democratic percentage points below
the national, the actual figures being
622 per cent Democratic for the Nation
and 42.8 per cent for Maine.
Basic Data Simple.
For those with a facility for statistical
manipulations, relationships Of this sort
between national and State political be-
havior offer an interesting way Of study
ing past and current political trends. The
necessary basic data are, in fact, very
simple. Some of the data for the United
States as whole and for five select
ed States are given in table No. /:
Evening star., 1940-09-29

Here we have the record of the two.
party vote for the past six presidential
elections in the form of the Democratic
proportion of the two-party vote in each
case. The years, it will be observed, are
arranged not in chronological sequence,
but in the order OF the magnitude of the
United States percentage vote. It is clear
that as the United States vote rises from
34.8 per cent Democratic 1920 to 62.2
per cent Democratic 1885, the COR
responding percentages for each of the
States also rise. but in one case the rise
is from III to 666 and in another from
344 to 1913, illustrating that the extent
OF the Shift varies with each State.
On the basis of the percentage records
for each of the 48 States. it is possible
to determine what States would normally
vote less than so per cent Democratic
and what States more, if the Nation as
whole votes say. so, 50 or 81 per cent
Democratic. For those who are not sta
tlstlcally inclined and who do not have
access to the necessary basic data. there
are summarized in table No 2 the State
by-State experiences of the past few
presidential elections. This gives at a
glance what States would normally be
expected to be in the Democratic or Re-
publican column in November if the Ma.
ton as whole should show any popular
vote from so to so per cent Democratic.
50 Per Cent Not Enough.
These national percentages are given
at the top of the table and under each
national percentage the States left blank
are those that would normally vote Re-
publican, that is, less than so per cent
Democratic. Those States that would
normally go Democratic are shown with
figures. These figures are the electoral
votes for each of the States. From this
record of typical experience, we can say
that if the country as whole in its two
party vote goes So per cent Democratic.
"a States would normally be expected to
go Republican and the other "a Demo-
cratic. The States going Democratic
would have total of electoral votes of
2l7 and the Republican States the bal
ance of 3l4 in the total of 53l In such
a situation the Republicans getting more
than half 1855, of the electoral votes
would win the election in spite of the
fact that the Democrats had a So per
cent majority in the popular vote.
On the other hand. popular Demo-
cratic vote of SO per cent would mean
more States in the Democratic
column or total of % going Demo-
cratic and 10 Republican. The Demo-
cratic States on this assumption would
have a total of 279 electoral votes
against 252 for the Republican States.
Thus, it would appear that the Demo-
cratic party would need between 50 to
Evening star., 1940-09-29

So per cent of the popular two-party
vote to win the election. That would be
a very close election, about as close as
the 1915 election when Woodrow Wilson
was elected for a second term under the
slogan He kept us out of war" The
1916 popular vote was close to 50 per cent
Democratic, but the electoral vote was
only 277, or bare II votes over the re-
quired 1885,
Many Shifts Possible.
At the other end of the tabulation.
showing the lineup Of States If the
country as a whole goes so per cent
Democratic, we find all but three of the
States in the Democratic column. AS In
1886, when the country as whole went
62 per cent Democratic. Maine and Ver-
mont would vote less than so per cent
Democratic and New Hampshire would
most likely join them.
AS indicated at the top of the tabu-
lation, these possible combinations OF
States are derived from the experience
of the elections from 1916 to 1886, in
pened since 1886 to raise the question
as to whether lineup of States nor
NAL for the period 1s16-1s36 may not
have shifted considerably since.
There is another problem that needs
to be borne in mind in studying these
schedules of popular and electoral votes.
and that is the inevitable margin OF
error in the totals Of electoral votes
shown at the bottom of each column.
Take the 81 and SIS columns as il
Illustrations. New York State is shown
normally going Democratic when the
Nation as a whole is IS per cent Demo-
cratic But New York could almost as
readily be put into the 81 per cent COL
umn. The basis Of choice is very
slim one Obviously, with New York
having ~ electoral votes, the total cor
responding to a national figure of 81
per cent Democratic would be mate
rally different if New York were in
cluded there instead of in the IS per
cent column.