davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-10-27
Hawaii Votes Nov. 5
On Whethert 10 Ask
10 Be 49th State
FinoI Authority Rests
With Congress After
Poll Reveals Feeling
~ the Associated Press.

~ the Associated Press.
Far out in the Pacific on Novem-
Der there will be a balloting which
may lead to addition Of a forty
ninth State to the Union.
While people on the mainland are
waiting for final returns of the
presidential vote, Hawaii's 415,000
will be just as interested in the out
come of a plebiscite to determine
whether 1t is the desire of the ma
jority that their islands be admitted
As the forty-ninth State.
Hawaii has been Territory of the
United States for 40 years. It's
citizens are citizens of the United
States and its Federal taxes go into
the United States Treasury.
With a few exceptions, the gov
ernment of Hawaii today functions
as does the government Of State.
Principal exception is basic in that
the Congress Of the United States
can determine the form of govern
ment for the Territory.
Governor Named by President.
Hawaii has no representation in
the electoral college. 1t does not
elect its Governor, and its Repre-
sentative in Congress is merely a
delegate with the right of debate
and introduction of bills but no
vote.
Hawaii has a legislature con-
sisting of Is senators and 80 mem
bers Of a lower house. Congress
can void laws passed by this leg
1slature, but never has.
The Governor is appointed by
the President.
Should Hawaiians vote for state
hood, the next probable step would
be action by the legislature to have
the expression formally relayed to
Congress. Approval of Congress is
necessary for admission to state
hood.
Lost State Admitted in 1912.
Should Hawaii be admitted, 1t
would be the first new State since
1912, when Arizona joined the Union.
1t would be the first time state
hood had been granted a territory
separated from the mainland.
Hawaii is 2,lO0 miles from San
Francisco, four and half days
by steamship.
Total area of the territory is
about twice the combined size Of
Delaware and Rhode Island.
Sugar production is the leading
industry, amounting to more than
q million tons annually. Pineap-
Piles are second in Importance
among the islands products.
The November S plebiscite was
ordered by a joint congressional
committee as a condition to fur
ther consideration by Congress of
Hawau's frequent demands for
statehood.
Undercurrent Against Change.
Democrats and Republicans on
the islands have indicated their
support of the statehood move, but
there is strong undercurrent
against a change of status
Opponents of statehood argue
that the large proportion of resi-
dents of Oriental ancestry would
control island government. Others
charge that admission of Hawaii
as a State would weaken United
States defenses in the Pacific and
increase the costs of local govern
ment.
Proponents counter with statis-
tics to show that no single racial
element ever voted as a bloc and
point out that in time of war the
Government would exercise the
same authority over States as Ter
ritories.
In any event. the question won't
be settled by the plebiscite. Con-
gress is the final authority.
Evening star., 1940-10-27
President Jackson
Given Noisy Welcome

BY the Associated Press.
JERSEY CITY, N. j.. Oct. 90
The 9,30O-ton streamlined cargo
passenger liner President Jackson
was given a noisy reception today
Imperial Valley press., 1940-12-06
Fascist Army Hero Resigns Command
While Greeks Continue Successes

and to get as close as possible to
merchant ship before attacking.
The change in the high command
of the Italian army followed the
action of Premier Benito Musso-
liini in sending his undersecretary
of war, Gen. Ubaldo Soddu, to
Albania to take charge Of the fight
ing fronts there and was deschibed
by Fascists as designed to speed
up fighting both againS the Greeks
and against the British in Egypt,
Badoglio was succeeded by Gen.
Ugo Cavallero. a somewhat obscure
italian commander who had been
in charge of troops on the 1talo-
French frontier. Light was cast on
his elevation in Berlin rather than
Rome. Rome Offered no explana-
ton for the move but Berlin hailed
it as evidence of close cooperation
between the senior and junior part
ners of the Axis. Cavallero, Nazis
explained, is a great and gooo
friend of Germany and has played
leading part in Italo- German
military collaboration.
London suggested that Badoglio
was "out of sympathy" with italian
political leadership but warned
against speculation regarding a
split between Premier Benito Mus
solinis Fascists and Italian army
professionals.
However. it was apparent that
the immediate cause for Badoglio's
retirement lay in the success Of
Greek arms and the reverSeS OF
italian forces in Albania. Military
commanders seldom quit when their
operations are going well.
Badoglio was known as 1taly's
greatest living soldier but his
relations with Mussolini were be-
lived to have been strained occas-
ionally by his independent views.
He had he'd the high command
since the closing days of the World
War and in the days when Musso-
lini was rising to power was re-
ported to have asked King Victor
Emanuel for permission to drive
those Fascist upstairs into the sea-. y
The king failed to take Badogiio's
offer and in recent years the COM
mander had worked in close col
laboration with Mussolini
Imperial Valley press., 1940-12-06
Continued from Page One)

Continued from Page One)
Skhumbi river valley, which stretch
es like a belt from Lake Ochrida
on the Jugoslav frontier across
the middle of Albania to the Adriatic
sea. Elbasan is on the Skhumbi,
and if the Greeks could control the
main roads running across mid
Albania from all of the southern
area.
Fighting in Albania was parallel
ed by continued spread of the war
at sea during a period in which
weather conditions appeared to be
cutting down aerial operations over
northern Europe.
In the South Atlantic, reportedly
about 700 miles northeast of Mon
tevideo, the British armed merchant
cruiser Carnarvon Castle battled at
long range with German warship
which the London admiralty sale
was disguised as a merchant vessel
The British ship suffered damage
and casualties but reported that
it chased the German vessel north
ward.
Both London and Berlin described
the German raider as a converted
merchant vessel The British charg-
ed that the Nazi vessel was dis
guised as a merchant ship indi-
Gated that the Germans were put
ting a reverse twist on a British
practice, especially in the World
War, of using Q-boats to trap Ger
man submarines. The Nazi sea
raider-in contrast to the Q-boat
method-appeared to be disguised
in order to escape the British navy
Imperial Valley press., 1940-12-06
HELD TO ANSWER
IN SUPERIOR COURT

Jesse Bud Chamlis and Munroe
Davis were ordered to face trial in
superior court on a charge OF con-
tributing to the delinquency Of a
16-year-old girl, runaway from
Inglewood. The girl testified the
men offered to take her to Yuma
when they saw her standing on the
street in e Centro trying to thumb
a ride. They persuaded her to re
main in El Centre by promising l.,
help her get employment, she said.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-12-06
Peak Passed in
Influenza Here,
Officials Hope
Continued from Page One)

continued from Page One)
school and 10 per cent in the cle-
mentary.
Calexico's four grammar schools
reported 129 absent Thursday where
so would be normal. The high schoo
reported 70 out where II to 10
would be normal.
Central high school in Ell Centre
reported more than 100 absent and
only a few" were reported out at
Douglass high school. Washington
reported a few over 100 absent,
Harding listed go absent, Mckinley
40 and Wilson 49,
The United Press said that schools
were closed in Napa, Monterey, San
l1ateo, Marin. Fresno, and San
Diego and Santa Clara counties.
Los Angeles authorities reported
the epidemic apparently had passed
its peak. A similar report came from
Kern county where Incidence had
been exceptionally heavy a week
ago
Imperial Valley press., 1940-12-06
Valley Children
viii Meet Santa
Continued from Page One)

Continued from Page One)
Of the gifts.
Santa will also accept letters from
+ FL Centre children Saturday for
their Christmas gift requests. The
best letters TO Santa Claus will win
cash prizes of SO, 81, and 81 from
the Post-Press.
Santa will appear in downtown
stores each Saturday until Christ
mas TO receive additional letters,
and during the week Santa will
call on children who are TOO i'll TO
leave their homes to visit him.
Letters TO Santa may also be left
at the Post-Press where a special
Santa Claus mail box will be de-
posted.
Decorations of FL Centros Main
street and Christmas decorations in
stores were completed Friday in or
der TO make the welcome of Santa
Claus more complete Saturday, ac-
cording 10 Scriven. New downtown
decorations were secured for Tn
special OCCASION
Imperial Valley press., 1940-12-06
Legislature Kills
Defense Council
Bill, Ends Session
Continued rom Page One)

IContlnUeC rom Page OheJ
the same meaning as the words
with the advice and consent Ar
gument on the ruling delayed action
several hours. finally resulting in
stalemate.
Action in 1871 was promised on
the unemployment insurance merit
rating" bill, on which a vote was
postponed indefinitely in the as
sembly. Sponsors approved the con-
tinuance when the state employment
department agree d amendments
could be voted anytime in 1941 to
make the provisions retroactive 70
Jan. / as desired by the employment
commission
Imperial Valley press., 1940-12-06
STRICT PROBATION
TERMS IMPOSED

Leonardo FralJo, who PLEADED
guilty to threatening Joe Herman
deg in Holtville last month, Friday
was sentenced TO a year in jail and
commitment withheld during two
years probation. mo liquor, no guns,
no gambling" were the main points
on the probation order.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-12-06

New style, improved
National Sewing ma
chimes in portable
models or cabinets.
50M less moving
parts, automatic bob
bin winder. No belts
to get out of order.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-12-06
BOARD MEMBER
VISITS VALLEY

Arthur Louch, manager of the
San Diego office of the social Sc
curity board, visited Imperial VAL
in room of the El Centre post
ley Friday He said he would be
office building every Thursday as
usual to advise residents concern
ing old age security and survivors
insurance.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-12-06
OWN CARELESSNESS
CAUSES DEATH

A coroner's jury in Brawley late
Thursday ruled that S. Nakamura
6S, japanese laborer Of Brawley
died in a traffic accident near Cali
patria Wednesday night because of
his own reckless driving.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-12-06

2-Qt. size, smart, mod
ern style with white
plastic handle. It's all
tarnish proof.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-12-06
PATROLMAN is
TRANSFERRED

A. T. Bump, California Highway
patrolman, was transferred from
the Imperial county squad to San
ia Ana. He and Mrs. Bump left El
Centre Friday morning for their
new home.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-12-06

A gift for the
kitchen t h a t
will be used ev.
cry day. This
new stainproof
5 e a led utensil
cooks peas in
e minute, po-
tatoeS in 8 min
u t e s , ou g h
meats m a d e
t G n q e r in Is
minutes.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-12-06
CCC ENROLMENT
NOW OPEN

Young men interested in enroll
ment in the CCC may make appli-
cation with County Welfare Dir
ector Phil Hoffman in the welfare
office on the top floor Of the coun-
ty court house in FL Centro. The
enrolment period will close Jan. !.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-12-06

Choose from 5 pat
terms of lovely Com
m u n i t.y Silverware
This set serves 6 per-
sons. The tarnish-
proof chest is free.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-12-06
w WEATHER

Southern California - Generally
clear and little change in temper
ature Friday and Saturday: locally
northeasterly winds through noun
tain passes Friday night and Sat
urday.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-12-06
Scanning l.v
News Horizon
MASONS TO CONDUCT
ANNUAL ELECTION

El Centre lodge No. 384, F. and A.
M, will conduct the annual cleo
ton of officers Monday night, 7:30,
In the Masonic temple.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-12-06
FINAL DECREE GRANTED

A final divorce decree was grant
ed in superior court Friday to Vir-
ginia Olive in her suit against Man
son Olive.
Worcester Democrat and the ledger-enterprise. (Pocomoke City, Md.) 1921-1953, 1940-12-06

b OR DAD HE9&4@9M4&4&ANAEA&A GIFTS


Orr Guarantee
Evening star., 1940-02-11
Lincoln
Continued From Page CID

became thick at times. He was hem
pecked. His intellect did not rise clearly
above superstition. He occasionally de-
scended to rather poor taste. But when
even these pieces of the pattern are
patched together they harmonic with
the greatness of the whole.
In the purple passages of Lincoln's
life the author drops into the style
and manner Of Walt Whitman, and the
light of Whitman illumines the whole.
1t is the kind Of biography that Whit
man probably would have written and he
was perhaps the single contemporary
thoroughly capable of comprehending
the man in the White House.
For Washington folks, of course, the
biography has special interest. This is
the scene of the epic. Only within the
last two decades has change made it
unacceptable. Purely as historian
Sandburg has unearthed some keenly
interesting details-for example that
Lincoln's assassination was made pos
sible only by the incomprehensible in
competence and neglect of duty of q
member Of the city police force who led
not even lose his job over it. And one of
the illuminating parts Of the biography
is the -documented account Of the
storm of crocodile tears in the pulpits
Of this city and of the Nation, North
and South. over the mans shameful end
In theater-a foul, immoral, degraded"
theater where he was witnessing play
which today could be staged without the
sliahtest protest In almost any church
Evening star., 1940-02-11

certain military equipment to Firms
while British and French Parliaments,
meeting in respective capitals, heard
from heads of their governments that
varied materiel is being dispatched to
Baltic.
I'VE are sending manufactured ar
ticles, not raw materials" British spokes-
man said, indicating that tanks, artillery
and airplanes were included.
While both allied belligerents have
sent relatively few men into Baltic hos
tilities, Scandinavian countries continue
to smooth way for their nations to vol
unteer for service with Finnish forces.
And on Thursday. detachment of Polish
volunteers, including party of Polish
American skilled mechanics left Paris
for Helsinki.
Two closely linked Washington an
nouncements bulk large in possible
course of future
Welles Assigned European develop
To Europe ments; one that
this government
already has undertaken diplomatic con-
versations with neutral ENJOYS here "for
the eventual restoration of world peace
on a sound and lasting basis for all ma
tions," and two, that Undersecretary of
State Welles will leave next Saturday
Tor study OF wartime conditions in
Italy, France, Germany and Great Brit
ain. While authorized to make no pro.
posals or commitments In name of this
Government, austere Welles is expected
10 confer with heads of above govern
ments and report in utmost confidence
to President and Secretary of State.
From around the world were reported
following other manifestations of wars
effects:
London-Regrets of British govern
ment at seizure of 81 German seamen
from japanese ship, disclosure that nine
were being released.
Tokio-Disclosure by Foreign Minister
Arita that empire is weighing abrogation
OF nine-power treaty of 1922, involving
foreign rights in China and is prepar-
ing for anticipated difficulties" in eco
nomic relations with United States.
New Delhi-New disagreement be-
tween Gandhi and Lord Linlthgow over
Indian independence demands.
London-Announcement that Britain's
beef-eaters will be forced on rationed
supplies after March II.
Birmingham-Execution, by hanging,
OF two Irish Republican Army dyna-
miters.
Nancy-Execution, by firing squad, of
former city councillor of Strasbourg, ghost
city within fortified area of Maginot line,
for pro-Nazi espionage.
Bromberg- by various
Evening star., 1940-02-11

stroyer When a battleship has four
such turrets the aggregate weight is
about 5000 tons. If the reader can
imagine four 1,500-to destroyers sit.
ting astride of modern battleship he
will have some idea of what 5000 tons
OF turret assembly mean.
Ready for Launching.
When a battleship is so to 70 per
cent completed it is ready for launching,
perhaps two years after the laying of
the kell. And right here is another i'm
portant factor calling for early con-
sideration. In fact, it is necessary to
start launching calculations before the
keel is laid in order to determine the
best position on the ways for building
the particular vessel, as well as the
method of launching and the proper
time therefor. Several months before
launching the shipwrights begin prepa-
ration of the launching ways and all
the work required to shift the weight
of the hull from keel blocks, shores
and cribs to the launching ways.
After launching. the vessel is moored
to a pier and the work of installing
side armor, turrets, guns and super
structure proceeds. This completed, the
builder, If private shipyard, delivers
the vessel to navy yard ready for COM
missioning, but much work remains to
be done. Meanwhile, the Bureau Of
Navigation in the Navy Department,
which has immediate jurisdiction over
personnel, will have prepared orders for
the assembling of officers and crew,
who take over the vessel on date of
commissioning. The vessel remains at
the Quitting navy yard sufIicient
length of time for completion of nu-
merous unfinished items of work, to
place on board all materials furnished
and to train the crew initially in the
operation Of machinery and equipment.
Not until then is the new ship ready
for its preliminary Trial runs, to be
followed by what Is known as the shake
down cruise. The purpose Of the cruise
Is to familiarize the crew with its many
duties, to test machinery and equipment
AAAACA 0CA V4SC NOAAOAtAOAAo dA1O W kltC tllS
turrets and guns try out.
Shake-Down Cruise.
At the end of the shake-down cruise
the vessel is returned to the Quitting
yard for any changes and alterations
found necessary as result Of the long
service test at sea. These completed,
the new ship proceeds to Rockland, Me-,
for official trial runs over the meas
ured mile" established years ago for
such tests. The official trial runs are
conducted under the supervision of the
Board of Inspection and Survey, whose
members make careful checks Of fuel
consumption, speed, propeller revolu-
tions and other factors with q view to
setting standard for the vessels op-
Grafton In active service. The oflcial
trials finished, the vessel again Is re-
turned to the Quitting yard for any
additional changes or alterations deemed
lnncoaearY usa1nllv of n YniY,or nature at
Evening star., 1940-02-11

explosion caused by floating
mine. Twenty passengers and crewmen
were injured by blast but presence Of
tramp freighter some eight miles away
permitted prompt rescue of 200 with no
loss of life.
Meanwhile. despite accusation of Brit
aims Chamberlain that destruction of
lightships, fishing
Nozi PIones boats. etc, was
Strofe Coost murder, not war;"
and would not bring
victory to German cause, Nazi flyers con-
tinued to range along British coastlines
-strafing small craft, bombing others,
threatening seaboard communities.
For single day early in week. Berlin
communique claimed air raiders had
sunk IA ships, but London admitted
only two losses and countered with claim
that r. A. F. had shot down three Nazi
planes, damaged fourth. Norwegian,
Swedish, Greek and Belgian vessels were
among those reporting damage from
Nazi flyers in single 24-hour span.
On Friday another Nazl sky squadron
claimed to have sunk or damaged six
British vessels, some under convoy. Lon
don made answer with statement that
one German bomber had been crashed
Evening star., 1940-02-11
On Land

Moscow claimed its most important
success of Finnish campaign last week,
If true, in communique stating that l3
steel-concrete forts within Mannerheim
Line had been captured with great
losses" to defending Films. Eight of
these strategically located outposts were
on Karelian Isthmus, Soviets claimed,
with other five on northeast shores of
Lake Ladoga.
Helsinki repudiated Russ claims, how
ever, countering to effect that unsuc-
cessful mass attacks of Bolos against
Mannerheim Line on isthmus had spelled
death to 5000 Red soldiers. Use of tank
drawn sledges, loaded with riflemen,
proved Of no avail to Reds, Finn COM
munique said, despite their earlier sue
cesses. Defenders did admit concern
over parachute-landing of Soviet squad
rons far behind lines with their subse-
quent operation as spies, saboteurs or
snipers
In North Finland, near Kuhmo, defend
Evening star., 1940-02-11
By Frank Connor.

are required to work out the maze of
details. after which. approximately 80
days must elapse before bids are opened
and contracts awarded.
But the really serious specification
work on a fighting ship-whether a
capital ship or smaller vessel-does
not begin until after the award of the
contract for its construction. In the
case OF a modern battleship with all
its complexities, it then becomes neces-
sary to assemble drafting room force
OF some 500, who work out approximate
ly 5000 detail drawings, getting down
to minute points, while at the same time
agencies other than the building yard
turn out perhaps an additional 5000
detail plans.
OF course, these planning stages con-
sumo lot of time. The design stage,
covering the period up to the award of
the contract, may run from year to
a year and. half. similar period of
time passes before the keel of the
dreadnought is laid.
Plan of Schedules.
The first step after a contract for a
battleship is awarded-and the same rule
applies to lesser vessels-is for the
building yard to evolve an orderly pro-
cedure. This involves the preparation
Of plan schedules, material schedules
and construction schedules. There must
be careful estimates of the time re-
quired to prepare each separate detail
plan, for the preparation of bid tenders
covering material called for by each
plan, the advertisement of bids, award
OF material contracts and for its manu-.
facture and delivery at the yard.
Arrangements must be made for OBJ
tanning structural material, chiefly for
the hull. A large portion of this ma
terial is special quality steel requiring
a considerably longer time to manu-
facture and deliver. Armor plans are
next prepared. Only a few concerns
In the country have facilities to produce
armor for fighting ships, which calls
for certain refinements in heat-treating
and forging requiring very long manu-
featuring period. For the most eficient
performance, approximately $500 tons
Of structural material should be fabn-
Gated and ready for erection before the
keel is laid in order to insure steady
flow of work on the vessel.
One of the difficult factors in large
ship construction is the design and erec-
ton of turret assemblies. The mightiest
dreadnought would be an impotent
pigmy in operation If the turrets hous-
ing, protecting and manipulating the
great guns did not function smoothly
at all times. Instead of being the back
bone Of the fleet, battleships with lame
turrets would be very real handicap
to other vessels. So every detail OF the
turret assembly must be studied and
re-studied with meticulous care to make
certain that each will perform its al
lotted task when the big guns are firing
at maximum rate.
The rotating parts Of each turret on
present day battleships when completed,