davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-11-03

biographers, who have this to say:
The political situation grew
darker through the summer. At last,
towards the end of August, the gen.
eral gloom and depression enveloped
the President himself -. For g.
moment he despaired of the sue
cess of the Union party in the COM
ing election. He was not alone in
this impression. 1t was shared by
his leading friends and counselors.
So experienced and astute poll
tician as Thurlow Weed wrote on
the 22d of August: When 10 days
since, told Mr.. Lincoln that his
reelection was an impossibility. I
also told him that the information
would soon come to him through
other channels. 1t has doubtless ere
this reached him. At any rate, no.
body here doubts 1t, nor do I see
anybody from other States who au-
thorizes the slightest hope of sue
cess"
Feeling that the campaign was
going against him, Mr.. Lincoln, We
are told, made up his mind delib-
erately as to the course he should
pursue, and unwilling to leave his
resolution to the chances of the
changed mood which might follow in
the natural evaporation of defeat.
he resolved to lay down for himself
the action he would pursue in case
of this defeat.
On the 23d of August, 1864, he.
therefore. wrote the following
memorandum:
This morning. as for some days
past, it seems exceedingly probable
that this administration will not be
reelected. Then 1t will be my duty
to so cooperate with the President
elect as to save the Union between
the election and the Inauguration:
as he will have secured his election
on such grounds that he cannot
possibly save it afterwards.
Evening star., 1940-11-03

and a prominent member OF the
Senate.
Lincoln was the man of the peo-
pie, and the triteness Of the express
sion takes nothing away from its
accuracy. Seward was the hammered
aristocrat, and 1t was he who went
into the Chicago convention with
by far the best chances Of success.
Yet Lincoln's reputation must not
be underestimated. He had won a
national following, not by an undis-
tinguished term in the House OF
Representatives but by his great de-
bates with Stephen A. Douglas and
by the dawning consciousness that
here was man to whom 1t would
be safe to intrust national leadership
In time of crisis.
And there was this, too: The
Lincoln followers were stanchly
loyal. When they spoke of the vir-
tues and abilities of Honest Old
Abe" they meant it; and they were
grimly determined that the angular,
plain-spoken man from the Sanga-
mon should win in the convention
and go on to victory in the elec-
tions that November.
Lincoln and Seward were the lead
ing candidates, of that there was
no doubt in any ones mind, and
least of all in the minds Of the
other favorite sons.
Such men as Salmon P. Chase
Gincoln later was to make him
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court,
as he was to name Seward as his
Secretary of State), Simon Cameron,
William L. Dayton and Edward
Bates were among those who were
hoping for a deadlock that would
enable them to win the nomination
II the rest of the country was
excited over the convention, Chi
cagos reaction was hysterical. The
city was jammed with delegates and
visitors. The city's ~ hostelries
were filled to the doors and even
perfectly sober gentlemen were COM
PEELED to sleep on billiard tables and
floors. Impromptu parades were
started at all hours of the day and
night, and the political marching
clubs-among them the picturesque
Wide Awakes-met all trains and
escorted delegates to headquarters
and saw to their comfort and re-
freshment. State meetings were
held al over town and every corner
hArbored q conference.
Evening star., 1940-11-03

est problems Congress ever had to
solve. The balloting began on
Wednesday, February II, and Jeffer-
son was not chosen until February
II and not then until after the
thirty sixth ballot had been taken.
Again. in 1924, similar condi-
ton occurred, as it did in 1900,
when there was no candidate with
a majority Of votes. Andrew Jack
son had SO, John Quincy Adams,
"a; Henry Clay. 81; William H.
Crawford, Al And the House OF
Representatives seated Mr.. Adams,
or "Old Man Eloquent" as he was
affectionately called. The Junior
Adams had been a resident OF
Washington for some years before
Evening star., 1940-11-03

proved tragic. According to Chris
tain Hines: 'Shipley and Lovejoy
pounded each other a while, then
closed and wrestled until one Of
them slipped and they fell in the
mud together. Shipley proved too
active for his adversary and sue
ceeded in getting on top of him.
when he instantly felt for Lovejoys
eyes, which he smeared full of mud.
The crowd then parted them. raised
Lovejoy up and proceeded to wash
the mud from his eyes and face; but,
alas! Lovejoy was blind man for
the remainder of his days. Since
then I have seen him led about the
streets of Georgetown by boy.
With Shipley, who was tailor and
lived in Georgetown, I was well
acquainted. ,"
The result of this national elec-
ton gave Jefferson 70 electoral
votes; Burr. 73; Adams, IS; Pinck-
ney, 64, and Jay, /.
Hard Problem.
Here was condition not eX-
pected. Burr was not running for
the presidency, but for the vice
presidency, and everybody under
stood this to be the case. and yet,
according to the Constitution at
that time. it became the duty of
the House Of Representatives to
"chuse by ballot one Of them for
President. and If no person have a
majority, then from the five high
est on the list the said House shall
in like manner chuse the Presi-
dent. But in chusing the President,
the votes shall be taken by States,
the representation from each State
having one vote .. In every
case, after the choice of the Presi-
dent, the person having the great
est number of votes of the electors
shall be the Vice President
And the choosing of a President
at this time was one Of the hard
Evening star., 1940-11-03

But as the hours slipped by the
feeling for Lincoln grew and he be-
came the candidate upon whom all
the anti-Seward people could con-
centrate.
Along toward midnight those op-
posed to the New Yorker agreed that
with Lincoln they could be much
more certain of winning than with
any other candidate whose name
had been banded about the con-
vention floor. New Jersey and
Pennsylvania, it was decided, would
first give their votes to favorite sons
Dayton and Cameron. then hor
aboard the Lincoln bsndwagon.
Excitement Begins.
The next morning the fireworks
started. First Seward was placed ir
nomination by Evarts. Then Nor.
man B. Judd of Illinois put Lin.
coins name before the convention
As opposed to present-day practice
the nominators used but a single sen.
tence The names OF Chase, Bates
Cameron and Dayton followed.
Murat Halstead, one of Americas
great newspapermen. covered the
convention for the Cincinnati Com
mercial. In a dispatch to that
paper he wrote:
when the candidates were put In
nomination, the only names that
produced tremendous applause were
those of Seward and Lincoln. Every
body felt that the fight was between
them and yielded accordingly. Mr.
Seward was first nominated and the
applause was enthusiastic. The
next nomination was that in behalf
of Mr.. Lincoln. and the response was
prodigious, rising and raging beyond
the Seward shrek.
Presently Caleb B. Smith Sec
onded the nomination Of Lincoln,
and the response was absolutely ter
rife. It now became the Seward
men to make another effort, and
Blair Of Michigan seconded his
nomination and
eat once there rose SO wild yell
Within that dark and narrow dell,
AS all the fiends fr1m Haven that
fell.
Had pealed the uanre. cry of hell
"The effect was startling. Hun
dreds Of persons stcrred their ears
In pain. The shouting was abSo-
Evening star., 1940-11-03
SLEPT on Tables and Floors When Lincoln Was Nominated

and while there were some out
bursts of feeling-especially when
it came to assertions regarding the
principles of liberty and freedom
the day was largely given over to
dull oratory.
But this day was to be fraught
with the greatest significance, for
in the afternoon there took place
the incident which very likely gave
the nomination to Lincoln.
1t was then that, quite suddenly,
q delegate moved that the conven-
ton proceed with the business Of
balloting. Had this been done, there
seems little doubt that Seward
would have been nominated. for
at that point the New Yorker had
enough votes to win.
Greeley's Attitude.
Even 50 bitter an enemy Of
Stewards as Greeley viewed the
Lincoln candidacy as hopeless.
But here fate intervened in the
person of some nameless Chicago
printer. For after the motion had
been made to proceed with the
balloting, 1t was announced from
the platform that the tally sheets
had not yet been delivered by the
printer. However, it was said, they
were expected momentarily.
But from somewhere in the thronR
Of delegates another voice spoke up.
The voice (the record is silent as to
whom 1t belonge6 called for ad-
journment until 10 o'clock the fol-
lowing morning.
The Seward forces, sure of VIC
tory, agreed. Leaving the Wigwam,
the New Workers. adherents whooped
1t up, and their Richmond House
headquarters resounded with merry
making throughout the night.
But the Weed MANAGEMENT,
shrewd as 1t was, made a fatal
mistake in allowing the convention
to adjourn without balloting that
afternoon. It would have been de-
cidedly to their advantage to have
prodded that printer!
For the extra time gave the Lin
coin men opportunity to rally their
forces and to make the most Of
the strong undercurrent Of antag-
onism against Seward. The latter
was not nearly so popular personally
as Lincoln, but he came into the
convention with q much stronger
machine. Early balot,ng would nave
enabled him to win. probably easily.
Evening star., 1940-11-03

1t was on May 16 that the conVen-
ton got under way. To add to the
drama Of the occasion, for the first
time at any national convention,
newspaper correspondents had the
use of telegraph wires brought di-
rectly into the hall. And the news
papermen seated at that history
making convention could spot many
a distinguished figure as their gaze
wandered about the great building
while some speaker was drontng in
the early formalities Of the occasion.
Most picturesque of all was an
other newspaperman, Horace Gree
ley, great editor of the New York
Tribune, an oracle and even then a
legendary figure. Greeley came to
Chicago determined that Seward
should not win the nomination. Yet
Greeley was to pinprick the patient
Lincoln for four long years. There,
too, were Imping Thaddeus Stevens
of Pennsylvania, leader of the radi-
cal bloc who brought about Andrew
Johnson's impeachment; William M.
Evarts, who was to become President
Hayes Secretary of State; George
S. Boutwell,, Secretary Of the Treas
ury under Grant; long -whiskered
Gideon Father" Welles, who headed
the Connecticut delegation; Thur
low Weed, politician extraordinary
and manager of the Seward cam
paign; and Carl Schurz, who had
fled to America from Germany IN
1848 and was to become one of this
country's most distinguished citi-
Zens.
The name of the temporary chair
man and keynote speech maker
at that convention viii awaken
memories. He was David Wilmot,
author Of the famous 'Proviso"
which, although it failed Of pas
sage, so clearly showed the temper
of the times-and the road to war.
Wilmot keynoted and then the
convention took lot OF time out
to argue about an invitation from
the Chicago Board of Trade to go
sailing on Lake Michigan. 1t was
not until o'clock that afternoon
that George Ashmun Of Masschu-
sets was appointed permanent
chairman. About Mr.. Ashmun one
contemporary account reports that
"lne was animated and yet his emo
tions did not get the better of him."
The following day the party plat
form was the subject Of discussion
Evening star., 1940-11-03

lutely frantic, shrill and wild. No
Commanches or panthers ever struck
a higher note or gave to a scream
more internal intensity. Looking
from the stage over the vast am
phitheater, nothing was to be seen
below but thousands of hats-a
black, mighty swarm o. hats-fiying
with the velocity of hornets over a
mass of human heads. most Of the
mouths of which as appeared were
open. Above, all around the gall
leries, hats and handkerchiefs were
flying in the tempest together. The
wonder of the thing was that the
Seward outside pressure should, so
far from New York, be SO powerful.
Creates Uproar.
Now the Abe Lincoln men had
to try it again, ard Mr.. Delano Of
Ohio, on behalf of a portion of the
delegation OF that State, seconded
the nomination of Lincoln Gas a
man who can split rails and maui
DemocratsD and the uproar that
followed was beyond description.
"Then the delegates were ready to
vote. 1t took three ballots to reach
a decision. Seward had 1871 votes
to 102 for Lincoln on the first ballot,
with Cameron trailing with sou.
The second ballot brought the with
drawal of Cameron and the tally
showed Seward with 1841a votes and
Lincoln 181. On the third count
Lincoln had 231h and Seward 180.
A total of 233 votes was needed for
nomination. Just before the third
ballot announcement was made Q
delegate named Cartier took the
floor and yelled that "Ohio gives
four votes to Lincoln!"
That settled 1t. The scene that
followed was described by the Chi
cago Tribune the next morning when
1t said that "a deafening roar and
stentorian applause arose from the
immense multitude such as had
never been equaled on the Ameri-
can continent nor since the day
that the walls of Jericho were blown
down."
Result Of Selection.
After what seemed to be hours
of pandemonium, the chairman
managed to restore order long
enough to announce:
Abraham Lincoln of Illinois II
selected % your candidate for Prest-
dent Of the United States"
Evening star., 1940-11-03
Deadlocks Have Been Historic in Presidential Campaigns
Uncertainty Impressed
On Those Who Observe
Course of Past Battles
Congress Has Been Required
To Decide Contested Fights
And Hughes Case Was Odd
BY John CIaseft Proctor.

after the national elections viii be held and the
elected Presdent?
judging past really
right Indeed 1t is quite probable
returns transmitting
Evening star., 1940-11-03

But the Hayes and Tilden cam
paign is still within the personal
knowledge of many Of our Wash
ington residents, and an earlier elec-
ton. known only historically, Is
worthy Of particular mention, since
1t is the only occasion when the
people Of the District voted for the
Evening star., 1940-11-03

But as to the election there was
big change in the minds OF the
people as the days dragged on after
the balloting. The Republicans were
in suspense, while ths Democrats
were crying fraud The Star came
out on November 8 with q long ac-
Imperial Valley press., 1940-01-11

centered over the British Isles
where German reconnaissance
planes were driven back from the
Firth of Forth, the Humber and
the Thames by anti-aircraft fire
and royal air force attack planes
Shrapnel splinters did some dam
age in coastal towns in the New
castle area.
The French, too, reported they
had encountered Nazi airplaneS on
the Western Front as weather con-
ditions improved. They claimed to
have shot down two of them, per-
haps three. In Berlin, the Nazi
high command reported an enemy
attack by one company south OF
Saarbruecken had been repulsed by
counter -attack with some casualties,
but the front was generally quiet.
There were also reports of new
and air bases in Helgoland bay,
of the north German coast, but
both Berlin and London covered the
fighting with considerable mystery.
The official reports indicated on
ly routine reconnaissance and air
clashes, but dispatches from Den
mark told eyewitness stories Of
severe aerial fighting and said that
the Hindenburg dam between Ger
man Jutland and the Island of Sylt
was damaged by British bombs.
On the Finnish war front, there
was comparative quiet after the
Firms had driven the Red army
back TO the frontier in the impor-
tant Suomusalmi sector of the
central front.
In the diplomatic field, chief in
torest centered in the blue book"
which the British foreign office will
publish soon as the partial story of
negotiations which failed to bring
Soviet Russia into a three-power
mutual aid pact directed against
German expansion and which led
up to the Nazi-Soviet friendship
pact just before war started in
Poland.
Diplomatic sources said that the
blue book was expected to contain
several sensational disclosures but
that the British would seek to
avoid publishing any documents
that might lead to a definite break
iE relations with Moscow.
Intense airpiane activity was
heard all night along the Danish
coast from the direction of Sylt,
Continued on Page 6, Col. .
Imperial Valley press., 1940-01-11
San Francisco Seeks Democrat For COP
Convention For Golden Gate Expo

was promised that Olson would con-
fer Immediately with officials of
the Golden Gate international eX-
position on the matter.
The plan is to include the $780,
600 in a proposed request for ST.
100000 to provide state participation
in the worlds fair for 1910.
The fair commission has about
100000 on hand, plans to ask for
S6OO00O or 100000 additional, and
would add the convention amount
if the plan is approved. Swanson
said the legislative counsel has
ruled such an expenditure is legal,
since the money could be used for
any and all conventions to aid the
fair.
Swanson said the Democratic
national committee is favorable to
n Pacific coast convention but will
demand a guarantee of about $780,
900. The city and county of San
Francisco has already promised
S50,O0O.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-01-11
Ho pc Held For
Men i'm Mine

J. G. Hammond, secretary to the
vice president and general mana
ger of the coal company, explained
that the information received at
the mine office was that the force
of the explosion at 2:3O p. m. yes
terday had been straight out the
main entry.
That meant, he said, that most
OF the miners imprisoned far down
III the mine had a chance of sur
Vlval. Most of them were working
IN passageway to the left of the
main entry at the time of the ex-
plosion.
Already two bodies had been
found by an early six man rescue
crew as it proceeded cautiously
through the wrecked tunnels.
Hammond said the air in the
mine should be fresh for several
hours if the force of the explosion
was not directed at the section of
the mine where the men were at
work.
He estimated that the rescue crew
was within 500 or 600 feet of the
men at a. m. He said it might
take 80 minutes to two hours to
reach them if conditions remained
favorable.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-01-11
Hull Says Trade
PaCfs Guarantee
Against New Wars
Secretary Opens Drive
For Extension of Pet
Tariff Program

WASHINGTON, Jan. II.
(UP) - Secretary of State
Cordell Hull vigorously de-
Tended his reciprocal trade
agreements program today
as the only policy of international
relations that can prevent a COM
plete reversion TO economic chaos,
dictatorship and recurrent wars.
To 'unscrupulous" critics of the
program he replied that it was the
way of advancing domestic pros
perity and promoting world peace.
He cautioned that abandonment of
it now would mean a repetition of
our role after the World war when
the United States LED the process
sion OF destructive protectionism.
Hull read a statement to the
house ways and means committee
which began hearings today on
bill that would extend the trade
program act for three years. The
present act expires June II.
The program is necessary while
present hostilities abroad are in
progress" Hull said, ito defend
our export trade from the inroads
of wartime controls and disloca-
tions . and our actions now will
have an enormous influence upon
the problems of economic recon-
struction when hostilities have
ceased"
The 68 year old secretary of state,
erect and dignified, considers the
rade-agreements program the ma
jor achievement of his long career
as congressman, senator and final
ly, as No. member of President
Roosevelt's cabinet. He opened the
congressional battle on tariffs which
will reverberate throughout the
Continued on Page 6, Col 81
Imperial Valley press., 1940-01-11

Chief j. Sterling OSWalt predicted
her arrest by nightfall.
A bizarre angle was injected into
the case Thursday forenoon when
Rex Richards, Mrs. Little's son by
a previous marriage, signed big
amy complaint against John Little,
his stepfather.
Little could not be located.
Issuance of complaints signed by
Roy Johnstone, city clerk, climaxed
a five-day investigation that started
when a domestic row Friday night
gave police the first tangible hints
of irregularities.
John Little, Mrs. Little's es-
tranged husband, came to my
house early Saturday morning. He
accused his wife of peculationS and
said the money had been spent on
a ranch IN Oregon" Oswalt dis
closed.
Little had been drinking and
I told him to see me the next day
when he had sobered up. I asked
him if he knew what he was say
ing and he said:
"'Yes, and I don't give a damn! !"
The following morning, Satur-
day, Little disappeared and from
Mrs. Little Oswalt learned that the
charges had climaxed an evening
in Mexicali, during which the cou-
pie had fought. At that time, Mrs.
Little swore out battery warrant,
Meanwhile, Johnstone had gone
to work on water department rec
ords. BY Monday, after tedious
checking of receipts and accounts,
he had found a number of suspi-
sious facts. When Mrs. Little ap-
peared for work Monday morning
Continued on Page 6, Col. 81
Imperial Valley press., 1940-01-11
Resolution Would
Put Sec'y Under
Civil Service
ReappOintment of
Sperry, NOrthrOp
PetitiOned

Political onslaughts by the
Democratic state administra-
ton against the non-parti-
san Imperial county fair
board brought two new de-
Thursday.
One was q resolution asking the
State Personnel Board to certify
Dorman V. Stewart fair secretary
manager, as a civil service employe
OF the state at minimum salary
of $500 a month. and a maximum
of $500.
The other was a resolution re-
questlng Governor Culbert l.. Olson
to reappoint Earl v. Northrop, I'M
perial county farm bureau repre-
sentative, and A. c. Sperry of Cali
patria, northend representative, as
directors on the fair board. Their
terms expire March Is.
Voting against both resolutions
were Wesley Anderson and A. A.
Dreasher, both of whom were ap-
pointed to the board by Olson last
year to take the place Of veterans
who had served for many years.
Their appointments were attacked
at The time as purely political.
The Stewart resolution was re-
garded as a move to forestall par
tisan attempts to place faithful
Olson-New Deal Democrat in the
key position of fair board secretary.
Stewart. the fair board contended,
should have been blanketed IN un-
der the civil service act of 1884,
out through an oversight was not.
In a letter accompanying the reso-
luton, Chairman Ben Hulse said:
The fair board feels that the
lack Of certification of Mr.. Stew
art by the personnel board has
been an oversight. and that their
attention should be called to this
oversight, especially since the civil
service act was enacted by the
people in order that state en-
ployes might not be politically
used. In fact, the act has always
been considered as strictly an act
Continued Oh Page 8. Col. ID
Imperial Valley press., 1940-01-11
SHAUGHNESSY NEW
COACH AT STANFORD

STANFORD UNIVERSITY, Cal.'
Jan. IL. CUP)-Dr. Ray Lyman Will
bur- president of Stanford Univer-
sity, today announced appointment
of Clark D. Shaughnessy, formerly
of University of Chicago. as head
football coach at Stanford on a
five-year contract.
Shaughnessy was named to sue
ceed Claude E. .(Tiny) Thornhill,
who was dismissed at the close OF
the 1889 season.
The terms of the contract which
brings Shaughnessy to the west
coast were not disclosed.