davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
By RUSSELL BRINES AP Feature Service

TOKYO, March 29.-Chances for renewed JapaneSe-Soviet border fighting in the spring are believed here to be increased by three new developments.
 1. Despite heavy snOws, Japa- nese troops have been busy con- structing a railroad spur behind Lake Bor, on the Manchoukuo- Outer Mongolia Border, where numerous air battles were re- ported last summer.
 2. Soviet MOngoI troops have advanced five miles beyond the point they held at the time of the Nomonhan truce last September and have erected heavy gun en- placements overlooking the new rail spur.
 3. By their latest drive into In- ner Mongolia, Japanese troops are within flying distance of Outer Mongolia and of Ningsia where an undetermined number of Soviet forces are reported. Air fields now are being established.
 No Fighting in Winter
 Meanwhile, the army has an- nounced officially scores of il- legal Soviet entries on the Man choukuo Soviet border to the north. These incidents, which failed to provoke fighting, were insignifi-
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
EMBASSY IN
 WASHINGTON KEEPING
 WAT(H0N SPIES

not believe his eyes. Apparently he felt that his country had been very lax to place with the Library of Congress so detailed a map of France. My friend explained why he wanted additional maps, why he must obtain, if possible, maps that were not in color.
 About this time, the officials face lighted up. He "ah'd." He pointed, almost triumphantly, but good-naturedly, to a small inscrip- tion in the corner of the maps: Reproduction is not permitted" l" Patiently, the toiler explained that he did not wish to reproduce them He only needed these and others to guide him in preparing his own.
 The official went away. He was gone a long time. When he came back, he was beaming. By writ ing to this address in Paris, the young man probably could get just what the wanted-a series Of most complete maps of France, pub lished in 1875.
 My friend almost fainted. He dlc not want 1875 maps. Perhaps the French Embassy had their wars confused. That was the Franco Prussian War. He wanted 1940 maps.
 The official was so sorry. The
 Continued on Page Five)
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
DOCUMENTS POLAND
 UNCOVERED
Arehieve Find Purporfs fo Show U. 5. Part in
 Bringing on Wa'

BERLIN, March 29-(By Louis P. Lochner, Associated Press cor respondent) Sixteen documents which German authorities said had been found in the archives of the Polish Foreign Office in Warsaw, were released to the newspapers today by the Foreign Office.
 President Roosevelt, and Ken- nedy and Bullitt, Ambassadors re- spectively to London and Paris, are named in them.
 Some are represented as confi- dential reports by Polish Ambas- sadors to Washington, London and Paris and from the Polish Minis ter to Stockholm.
 Among them is what is repre- sented to be a letter to Capt. An thony Eden from the Polish Gen. eral Staff and a report by the Pol ish commercial attache in London with regards to chat with U. 5. Ambassador to London Joseph P. Kennedy.
 An authorized German source said the 43-page collection throws a most interesting light on the part which American policy played in bringing about the present war
 All releases on the documents were accompanied by photographic reproductions of the alleged orig inals.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
Convoy Is Attacked,
 North Sea
German Report Says Much Damage Done, British
 Admiralty Says No
(By Associated Press)

The British and German versions of an aerial attack on a North Sea convoy last night are conflicting
 The German High Command said one patrol boat was sunk, six mer- chantmen hit and the convoy dis persed.
 The British Admiralty announces that five bombs were dropped on the ships being conveyed but no damage was done and the convoy kept proceeding.
 A DNB agency dispatch says a French destroyer was attacked 'suc- cessfully" in the English channel. The British Admiralty makes no mention of this reported incident.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29

cant in themselves, but may indi- cate that Soviet patrols are becom- ing active again in advance of favorable weather
 During their seven years bor- der intermittent fighting, Japanese and Soviet troops have avoided &C., tivities during the severe winters.
 One of the reasons ascribed for the "vest-pocket war" at Nomon- han last summer, in which the Japanese admitted 18,000 casual ties, was the Soviet desire to prevent fruition of Tokyo plans for a railroad along the disputed Khalka River.
 Present construction reportedly is considerably north of last years battlefield, indicating the spur is intended as a military line.
 Both Sides in Position
 Soviet outposts are in position now more deeply in the territory claimed by Manchoukuo than the were preceding the Nomonhan clash which began with a Japa- nese attack to drive them across the Khalka.
 This factor, potentially explosive in itself, indicates a Soviet warn ing that it does not intend to neglect the Outer Mongolian front.
 To the south, in Inner Mongolia, Japanese troops now are in their best position to attack the Rus sian supply line to Chungking
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
7 Canneries Be0perated
 Says Shie|s
PAF President Makes An. nounCement on Plans
 for This Year

BELLINGHAM, Wash, March 29 President Archie Shiels an- nounced today that the Pacific Am erican Fisheries will operate seven and possibly eight canneries in Alaska this season.
 Preliminary crews for the King Cove and Squaw Harbor plants have already gone north and the main crews are scheduled to leave late in April or next month.
 Other canneries to be operated are at Port Moller, Alitak, Naknek, Chignik, Petersburg.
 Nushagak cannery, on Bristol Bay, will also probably be operated.
 The Nornek cannery on Bristol Bay will be closed this season.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
Flower Time Here for Second This Winter

It's crocus time-and probably no fooling this time.
 Flowers bloomed in Juneau on New Years Day and winter came later.
 Today it is reported pale blue crocus and daffodils are poking their buds out into bloom in the yard of Mrs. E. H. Kaser. and at Carters Mortuary, a yellow crocus came out a week ago.
 This time, it is hoped blooming flowers doesn't mean more winter.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
SOVIET RUSSIA
 PARLIAMENT K
 MEETING TODAY
Republic 10 Be Created Out of Territory Gained
 from Films

MOSCOW, March 29.-The Rus sian Parliament today opened the third session in seven months to hear the report on foreign affairs and create Republic out of the Territory gained from Finland.
 Parliament will ratify the Russo Finland peace pact and also an- nounce next years budget.
 Premier and Foreign Commissar Molotoff. in his report on the for eign policy of Soviet Russia, charged that both France a n d Great Britain "in many instance" showed hostility but i've have hopes their rulers use of the Soviet Un- ion in the war against Germany has been frustrated"
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
LONG CONFERENCE
 BETWEEN WELLE,
 PRESIDENT I5 HELD

WASHINGTON, March 29-Under Secretary Sumner Welles and Presi- dent Roosevelt held another long conference today regarding the for mer's first hand report on the Eu- ropean situation.
 Although Welles maintains strict silence very little optimism is felt of near peace abroad.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
SEIZED RUSSIAN
 VESSELS TURNED
 OVER TO FRENCH
Great Britain Makes An- n0un(emenf on Far
 East Incident
(By Associated Press)

Great Britain, apparently trying to rid herself of war born con- troversy with Soviet Russia, an- nounces she is turning over to the French authorities in the Far Eaast, two Russian freighters which were seized, suspected of carrying con- traband for Germany.
 The turning over process is for administrative reasons"
 The freighters are the Selenga and Vladimir Mayakoviky, tthe latter being enroute from the United States for Vladivostok.
 Both freighters were taken to Hongkong.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
Seattle to- Juneau Service Is to Be Run Twice
 Weekly for Present
32 PLACE CLIPPERS
 TO HANDLE FLIGHTS
Big SfrafoIiners 10 Operate Later = Fare Will Be
 Hundred Dollars

SEATTLE, March 29.-Air serv- ice between Seattle and Juneau is announced today as beginning about the middle of May with twice-weekly service.
 The announcement was made this morning when Pan-American Airways was granted a King Coun- ty Building permit to construct a $10,000 base at Matthews Beach on Lake Washington, a mile north of Sand Point naval air station.
 Robert Bullwinkel. District Man. ager for PAA, said four-engined, 32-passenger Sikorsky clippers of the type used to pioneer the Trans Pacific and Transatlantic servicea will be used.
 Present plans of operation call for service until about November l, going as far as Juneau to con- meet with the company's present schedule in Alaska from Juneau to Fairbanks and Nome.
 Bullwinkel said the Matthews Beach base will be used only until PAA converts the Alaska opera tions from flying boats to the new Boeing stratoliners which will op- erat from Boeing Field.
 Fares are estimated to be set at $70 between Seattle and Ketchikan and $100 between Seattle and Ju- neau, which is about 10 cents a mile.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
TORNADO
 KILLS 30

NAPOLEONVILLE, L Louisiana, March 29.-The Light and Power Company of Napoleonville has re- ceived reports that tornado struck the small settlement of Pierre Park, 20 miles from here, and 30 persons have been killed.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
DIES ORDERS SUBp0ENA0N
 RED OFFICIAL
Secretary of Maryland Par ty Sends Wife 10 Meef-
 ing-He Won't Go

WASHINGTON, March 29.-Mar- tin Dies, Chairman of the Con- mittee Investigating UnAmerican Activities, today ordered a subpoe- na issued for pr. Albert Blumberg of Baltimore, Secretary of the Communist Party in Maryland.
 He failed to appear to testify although his pretty young wife testified and he remained at home, disregarding request she deliver ed from the committee for his attendance.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
Pilot Boat IsRanmed;;
 2 Men Die

HALIFAX. Nova Scotia, March 29.-Nine persons were drowned ear- ly this morning when the pilot boat Hebridean was rammed and sunk in the outer harbor by an incom- ing freighter it was to meet.
 The dead are six harbor pilots and three members of the crew, trapped below decks.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
SICK INDIAN
 ASKING FOR
 ALASKA SONS

NEW YORK, March 29. White Eagle, 70, Indian, ill in Roosevelt Hospital here, is calling for two sons, Leslie and Howard, who he says live on Prince Patrick Island in the Arctic Ocean off Alaska.
 Elderly, well dressed, White Eagle was stricken with heart attack in a midtown bus terminal last night.
 He said he had just arrived from Boston and was bound for Chica- go.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
RED LEADER
 GETS CITED
 ON CONTEMPT
Will Not Tell Who Used FDR's Name on Con-
 munist Party Card

WASHINGTON, March 29.-T'he House today directed James Dol sen, Pittsburgh Communist leader, be cited for contempt of the House for refusal to answer questions of the Dies Committee.
 One of the questions Dolsen re- fused to answer at Mondays ses- sion was one regarding the identi- fication of the person responsible for issuance of a Communist party card bearing the name of Franklin D. Roosevelt, and found in his pos session.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
THREE NATION SIGN AGREEMENT
 IN BALKAN CASE

ANKARA, Turkey, March 29.- Turkish military sources announce today that full British, French and Turkish agreement has been reach ed for cooperation of the three nations if war breaks out in the Balkans or Near East.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
HIR5T SEES GREAT
 CHANGE IN SITkA

Claude M Hirst, General Super intendent of the Office of Indian Affairs, returned on the North Sea from a roundtrip to Sitka on busi- ness.
 A great change in Sitka, even over just a few months ago, is ap- parent, he said.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
FINNISH RELIEF
 OVER } MILLION

PALO ALTO, Cal, March 29.- Herbert Hoover announces that the Finnish Relief Fund has passed the three million dollar mark. The money is being used for rehabil1- tation of those who have lost their homes as the result of the war.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
Reich Ready
 For Atfion,
 West Front
If You Don't Believe If Look dt Pictures in
 German Papers

BERLIN, March 29.-The Nazi newspapers today publish impos- ing pictures of various types of Germany's heaviest artillery.
 Apparently the publication of the pictures is officially inspired to assure the Reich of Germany's readiness on the Western Front.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
FIRE ABOARD U. ].
 SHIP, STORMY SEA

SAN FRANCISCO, March 29.- The American freighter Antinous is wallowing in heavy seas some 1900 miles off the Japanese coast, but a fire which broke out, causing an sos call, is under control. Several ships are rushing to the aid of the vessel.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
EsTEBETH TO sITKA

Mailboat Estebeth, one day late on schedule, sailed last evening for Sitka. Last weekend the Estebeth was delayed enroute to Sitka on ac- count of the storm then prevailing.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
JApANE5E BEGIN
 NEW OFFENSIVE
 IN SOUTH CHINA

HONGKONG, March 29. = Both Chinese and Japanese advices re- ceived here indicate that Japan has started an offensive in China's southern Kwangsi Province.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
THREE GERMAN VESSELS READY
 TO MAKE DASH

BATAVIA, Dutch East Indies, March 29.-Three German freight CTS, loaded with freight for Ger many, have steam up ready for a dash to Vladivostok, Siberia.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
BASE BUILDER COMING

SEATTLE, March 29.-C. w. Mc- Kenzie, PAA official who built the clipper bases on Wake and Midway Islands, will build PAA base here for the Seattle to Juneau air route and will also build bases at Ket- chikan and Juneau.
 Mckenzie is conferring with Dis- trict Manager of PAA, Robert Bull- winkel and will leave for Alaska tomorrow.
 The first plane for use on the route is expected here from the East Coast about May l.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-03-29
RooseveIfs Want To Visit
 Alaska Some Day

SEATTLE, March 29.-Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt, here on a visit, told interviewers both she and the President would like to visit Alaska some day.
Evening star., 1940-01-21
Notes on Rockville
Social Activities
of the Week

ROCKVILLE. Md, Jan. 20-The
Mayor Of Rockville and Mrs. Douglas
M. Blandford, who are spending the
midseason in Miami, Fla. were
joined there this week by their
daughter, Miss Emily Blandford.
Mr.. and Mrs. J. Brawner Mich
olson, jr., Of Rockville are visiting
Col. William p. Hill, U. s. A., re-
tired, and Mrs. Hill In Coral Gables,
Fla. Mrs. Hill is an aunt of Mr..
Nicholson.
Mr.. and Mrs. Eugene B. Casey
and children are in Orlando, Fla.
for a stay of several weeks.
Mr.. and Mrs. George F. Garrett
Of Rockville plan to leave next week
for Florida for several weeks stay
Mrs. William D. Clark entertained
at bridge and luncheon in her home
near Rockville Thursday. Her guests
included Miss Lulu Bell and Mrs
Clara Mobley of Chevy Chase and
Mrs. F. Hazel Cashell, Miss Elsie
England, Miss Alverda Kingdom
Mrs. Theodore S. Mason and Mrs
Walter A. Williams of Rockville.
Evening star., 1940-01-21
Brazilian Envoy
Is Luncheon Host

The Brazilian Ambassador and
Senhora de Martins were hosts
at luncheon Friday, entertain
ing in compliment to the famous
sculptor, Mr.. Paul Manship, who
is in Washington for short stay.
Others at the luncheon were the
Argentine Ambassador and
Sonora de Espil, Sonora de Esca-
lante, wife Of the Venezuelan
Ambassador: the Minister OF
Uruguay, Mr.. Richling: the As
sistant Secretary of State and
Mrs. Adolf A. Berle, the Economic
Adviser to the State Department
and Mrs. Herbert Feis and Mr..
and Mrs. Arthur Krock.
Evening star., 1940-01-21

guests will include Senator and Mrs.
Josiah w. Bailey, Senator Robert r.
Reynolds and the House of Repre-
sentatives group composed of Mr..
and Mrs. Robert L. Doughton, Mr..
Lindsay Warren, Mr.. and Mrs. John
H. Kerr, Graham A. Barden, Mr..
and Mrs. Harold D. Cooley, Mr.. A.
D. Folger, Mrs. Carl Durham, Mr..
j. Bayard Clark, Mr.. and Mrs. Will
liam o. Burgin, Maj. and Mrs A. L.
Bulwinkle and Mr.. Zebulon Weaver
The society will hold a banquet
for its entire membership in March
or April, DIR. Morrison said, depend
ing on when Gov. Clyde r. Hoey of
North Carolina, now recovering from
an operation, is able to- come to
Washington.
The society's next affair will be a
dance at the Shoreham on Feb
ruary 16.
Mrs. Macie E. Lowe, 919 L street, is
secretary-treasurer of the society.
Evening star., 1940-01-21
Silver Spring
Go
TOGuaternala
Mrs. Dunn Leaves
For New Post;
Other News Notes

Mr.. and Mrs. w. E. Dunn, who
have been at Falkland Manor in
Silver Spring, Md, for the last
month, have left for Mr.. Dunn's new
post at Guatemala City. where Mr..
Dunn will be Commercial Attache.
They were accompanied by their son,
Paxton Dunn. Their daughter, Miss
Eugenia Dunn. will remain in this
country attending school at Virginia
Intermont in Bristol, Va.
Mr.. and Mrs. Dunn and their chill
dren were residents of Silver Spring
for a number Of years while Mr..
Dunn was with the State Depart
ment in Washington.
Mr.. and Mrs. E. A. Collier have
moved from Manor Circle in Takoma
Park to their new home on Sussex
road in Sligo Park Hills. They have
with them Mrs. Golfers father, Mr..
Ernest Snyder of Los Angeles.
Mr.. and Mrs. Samuel Stewart have
announced the birth of daughter,
January 10.
Miss Elizabeth Scott of Meriden,
Conn, is visiting her niece, Mrs. A.
L. Tobey Of Seven Oaks.
Mr.. and Mrs. Howard Griffith
have gone to Tampa. Fla, for a
short visit with Mrs. Grifhth's sister,
Mrs. E. P. Lee. Mrs. Lee will ac-
company them to Miami for brief
stay.
Mr.. Paul v. Thompson entertained
at a stag party and oyster roast last
evening at his home in Seven Oaks.
His guests were members Of the 3l2th
N. G. Battalion Club.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. Edwin Warfield
have visiting them Mr.. Roy C..
Chambers of Annapolis.
Mrs. Paul Fonner has returned
to her home in Seven Oaks after
q visit of several months with her
parents In Homestead. Pa. She was
accompanied on her return by her
infant daughter Patricia Anne, who
was born during her stay in Home
stead.
Evening star., 1940-01-21

ance at these annual affairs of the
Michigan State Society. This society
was founded in 1861.
The society completed plans for
this event this week in the Offices of
Representative Louis Rabaut, its
president for this year. The ban
quet will be held at 24O0 Sixteenth
street at pm, with dancing from
$50 to 1890.
The Reception Committee will
consist of Michigan's congressional
delegation and their wives, headed
by Senator and Mrs Arthur H
Vandenburg and Senator and Mrs
PrentiSs M. Brown.
The chairmen of the various COM
mittees are as follows: Emmett
Dwyer. dance; Alvin r. Meissner
arrangements; Representative John
j. Dingell, reception; Oliver J. DOM
pierre, tickets; Helen Pine, deco
rations; Frank King, publicity
Tickets may be obtained from the
offices of all Michigan members OF
Congress, as well as from members
of the committee.
Evening star., 1940-01-21
North Carolina Society
Reception and Dance.

Members of the North Carolina
delegation in Congress and their
ladies will be guests of honor at a
reception and dance to be given by
the North Carolina Society of Wash
ington at the Shoreham Hotel Sat-
urday night.
A dinner will be rendered the con-
gressional group by officers and
members of the Board of Governors
of the society, followed by the re-
ception from $50 until 10 O'Clock
in the west ballroom. There will be
dancing from 10 until l o'clock.
DR.. Fred w. Morrison, president
Of the society, and Mrs. Morrison
will be among the hosts, and the
Evening star., 1940-01-21
Settlement of Georgia
Colony to Be Observed.

The Georgia State Society of
washington will commemorate the
settlement of the Georgia colony
with a dance and special program
at $50 pm, February 3. at the
Shoreham Hotel. Members of the
Washington press from Georgia will
be honor guests.
Representative Hugh Peterson,
newly elected president of the So
ciety, will give talk on the early
history of the State as part of the
program during intermission of the
dance, which will continue until
! am.
Honor guests invited include Mr..
Ralph Smith, Washington corre-
spondent for the Atlanta Journal,
and Mrs. Smith; Mr.. Ben Grant of
the Associated Press and Mrs.
Grant, Mr.. Gladstone Williams, At
lanta Constitution correspondent;
Mr.. William H. Shippen. jr.: Mr..
Wheeler johnson, Mr.. George Clark,
Mr.. Joseph Butterly, Mr.. Thomas
Hardman and Mr.. Edwin Tribble,
all Of The Evening Star, and Mrs.
Shipper, Mrs. Johnson, Mrs. Clark,
Mrs. Butterfly and Mrs. Tribble; Mr..
Hugh Brannan, Mr.. Jack Kasse-
witz, Mr.. John Hackney and Mr..
Frank Ridgdell of the Times Herald
and their wives and Mr.. AL Haley
and Mr.. Clarence Nixon of the
Washington Post.
Other new officers of the society
include Mr.. Edmund Worthy, DR..
Frank Hand, Mrs. Thomas Camp
and Mrs. Julia Almand, vice presi-
dents; Mr.. Lacy w. Hinely, secre-
tary; Mrs. j. w. Thurston, finan-
cial secretary, and Miss Leone Bar
ber, treasurer.
Evening star., 1940-01-21
Annual Tea and
Reception Today.

The Washington State and Alaska
Society annual tea and reception in
honor of the congressional delega-
ton will be held this afternoon from
S to 7 O'Clock at the Mayf1ower
Hotel on Connecticut avenue. Mr.
J. j. Underwood of Seattle, president
of the society, and Mrs. Underwood
will introduce the guests of honor
assisted by the officers of the So
ciety and their wives.
Former residents of the Evergreen
State and the Northern Territory
will be welcomed.
Evening star., 1940-01-21

. Mr.. and Mrs. Stephen Thonssen
are now in residence on Sunnyside
road in Sligo Park Hills, having pur-
chased the former home of MIR. and
Mrs. E. Francis McDevitt.
Miss Pauline Wbitacre Of Wood
side Is visiting Mr.. and Mrs. Wallace
White at their home in Philadelphia
Miss Dolores Shad is spending two
weeks in Miami.
Evening star., 1940-01-21
10Th Annual Banquet
OF Michigan Society.

Mrs. Celia M. Luxford, 88, one of
the oldest natives of Michigan re-
siding in Washington, will be the
guest of honor of the Michigan State
Society at its 10th annual banquet
and dance Thursday.
For Mrs. Luxford, who resides at
6638 Barnaby street, this event will
mark her 10th consecutive attend
Evening star., 1940-01-21
Social Notes
OF the State
Societies
Many Receptions
And Dances Are
On the Program

The Florida State Society will
holds its annual reception and
dance honoring the members of the
Florida delegation in Congress and
distinguished Floridians in the Fed
eral service at the Raleigh Hotel
Saturday evening, February 3.
Invited as guests of honor at the
reception are Senator and Mrs.
Charles o. Andrews, Senator and
Mrs. Claude Pepper, Representative
and Mrs. Lex Green, Representative
and Mrs. j. Hardin Peterson, Rep
resentative and Mrs. Millard Cald-
well, Representative Joseph Hen
bricks, Representative and Mrs. Pat
Cannon and District Supreme Court
Justice and Mrs. James w. Morris
and Mr.. and Mrs. c. Roy Mundee.
The committee in charge of the
reception is composed of Mr.. P. D..
Gold, Mr.. Bryan Mack and Mrs.
J. Bowers Campbell.
The officers of the Florida State
Society include Mr.. Dan P. Mular-
key, president; Mr.. David Brunson,
corresponding secretary; Mr.. Clay
ton Birch, 1871 North Capitol street,
membership secretary, and Mr..
William Mayes, treasurer.
Evening star., 1940-01-21
Arkansas State Society
Reception to Be Tuesday.

Members of the State congress
sional delegation and their wives,
and Federal Security Administrator
and Mrs. Paul v. McNutt, will be
guests of honor Tuesday night of
the Arkansas State Society at its
annual congressional reception at
the Wardman Park Hotel, DR.. E
H. Shinn, president, announced
yesterday.
Dancing will start at 10 pm
and will be preceded by a reception,
with Mr.. and Mrs. McNutt and
members of Congress and their
wives in the receiving line.