davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-02-03
Baptist
First.


Learning to Be Gracious" will
be the subject of the communion
meditation by DR.. Edward Hughes
Pruden tomorrow morning. The
senior choir, under the direction OF
Harwood Hall, will sing. At the eve
ming service the Rev. William A.
Keese, minister of the Metropolitan
Methodist Church, will preach.
West Washington.
The Rev. c. B. Austin will preach
at II am. Communion meditation
on "The Key to Success" At 8
nm sermon on Blessed Assur-
ances." Quarterly church confer
ence Thursday at 7:30 o'clock. The
pastor will conduct a brief devo-
tional service. Topic, Prayer Es-
sentials."
Bethany.
Holy communion will be observed
tomorrow morning. The Rev. M. p
German will speak on Greatest
Sermon Ever Preached" 1t is the
fourth in a series on the general
subject, From Bethlehem Beyond
Calvary" In the evening his sub
| ject is Trustees of Great Heri-
tage."
The junior church, under the
leadership of Mrs. Watt, will meet at
| II o'clock. The vested choir, directed
by Allen Cook, will! sing Lord I Call
Upon Thee" Young peoples societies
will meet at 6:45.
Evening star., 1940-02-03
Episcopal
Transformation.


The services on Sunday are 7:30
and II am, at both of which holy
communion will be celebrated. The
Rev. J. j. Queally will officiate and
preach. Ash Wednesday the services
will be at 1f am. and 8 pm. Several
outstanding ministers are to preach
during lent.
"The Prince of Peace" drama will
be presented February II at pm.
The author and director Is Minnie
Frost Rands and the rector and
parish organizations are sponsoring
the drama as a most appropriate
message Of lent.
A gold ciborium was presented the
church last Sunday in memory Of
Marian Brown Foster by her family.
Evening star., 1940-02-03

mediate Expectation" and IN the
evening on MY Fathers God" A
business meeting of the church will
be held Tuesday night. Mr.. Yaden
will teach the Yaden Bible class and
Mrs. Smith the Philathea class.
Vermont Avenue (Colored).
At II am. the Rev. c. T. Muir
ray will preach on when St.
Johns Faith Was Shaken" At
11:2O, services in the junior depart
ment by the Rev. S. w. Williams.
The Rev. r. D. Grymes, pastor of
Salem Baptist Church, will preach
to the senior choir at $3.50 pm. At
8 pm. the pastor continues the
series of sermons on the general
subject, "Sight-seeing in Revela-
ton; subject, Goods Message to
the Church at Thyatira."
First (Colored).
The Rev. T. Ewell Hopkins will
preach Sunday morning on THE
Go Signal" He will administer holy
communion at $3.50. His subject for
8 pm. is Lessons From Ever
green's" I
Evening star., 1940-02-03

The Philathea and Yaden Glasses
of Petworth Baptist Church will be
guests of J. Edgar Hoover in tour
Of the Federal Bureau Of 1nvestiga-
ton on Monday.
Evening star., 1940-02-03

The Mizpah Glass Of Hamline
Methodist Church will have charge
of the opening exercises in the
Evening star., 1940-06-02
For Extensive Study

The great number of similar skins
must be collected to insure an ex-
tensive study Of each mammal. It
Evening star., 1940-06-02
people In Washington who are
keenly interested in genealogy, par

people in Washington who are
keenly interested in genealogy, par
ticularly in their own family his
tories, and for this reason he copied
the names of some of those who
owned lots in this town nearly $50
years ago, and who were among the
earliest settlers of the District of
Columbia. They were evidently res
idents Of Georgetown, or of nearby
Maryland counties, for as will be
seen, a considerable number Of their
family names are familiar in this
locality.
They include John Mountz,
Thomas Johns, French and Marr,
Baltis Font, James Beall of James,
Robert Allison, James M. Lingan,
Christian Kemp, Anthony Holmead,
Thomas Beatty. sr.; Michael Nichols,
Henry Yoel, Henry Klinger, John
Kephart, w. Regan. devisee of
Joshua; Christian Orindorff, Will
liam M. Beall, Michael Gross, John
j. Leroy, Thomas o. Williams, Mar
garet Beard, Michael Gangaware,
Jacob Thornton, Francis Cost, Ben
jamin Stoddert, Matthias Buckle, as
signee of Michael Ramer; Aaron
Ritenover. James Wells, John Hack
EFT. Philip H. Mires, Benjamin
Spiker, James Kirk, Joakim Streeves,
DR.. P. Thomas. Jacob Boyer, John
McDade, John Spoor. Lorwick
Kemp, Samuel Porter, James Ster-
rett, Conrad Merkle, William Ger
rard, John and A. Rench, Jonathan
Hager, Conrad Doll. j. Hoof, Casper
Mantz, Andrew Kesler, Frederick
Moley, William Murdock Beall,
Charles Shell, William and Eliza
Waugh, heirs of B. Wigell, one half,
and A. Fiskers' heirs, one-hah; D.
Reintzell for Calvanist Society;
Marshain Warning, George Holstine,
John Rohrer, Henry Pauling, Wal
ter Baker, Evan Thomas, Casper
Youst, Robert Peter, Frederick Ho-
candofer, George MVrdock, William
Megrath, Henry Coontz, Nicholas
Kinsor. John V'e'amot, Adam OFT,
John Hemell, Andrew Link, Chris
tian Lowen, Joseph Garlick, p. Nc
Mahon, Samuel Blodget, Elias
Yonhman Henry Hilleary, jr.; John
Rover, B. Stoddert, William Buddi-
comb, Valentine Hoof, William
Deakin, Gilbert Kemp, Daniel Hes
Evening star., 1940-06-02

ter. Frederick Golden's heirs,
Charles Beatty, Matthias Ritenover,
Elias Dawson, Henry McClary, A.
Fleak, 8. Miller, Frederick Kemp,
Peter and F. Curtis, Rev. Mr.. Golden,
George Holstine. Henry Warman,
w. HELEN. Martin Casner. Hezikiah
Clagot, Henry Sneberly, Frederick
Mann, Michael Stoker, John Hass,
devisee, Thomas Cramphen; Mr..
Hatfield, DR.. Phillips Thomas, Philip
Sybert, Benjamin Spikes, William
Sidebottom, Joshua Johnson, Will
liam Deakins, jr.; Daniel Ragan,
Stoddert and Deakins, John Mantz,
George Swingle, Michael Ramer,
Amos Smith, Frederick Curtis. John
Comp, John Wilmore, jr.;; Christian
Lower, Samuel Craiger, Robert
Peter, Joseph Doll, Thomas Price,
Jacob Maddart, Samuel Liday,
George F. Hawkins, Joseph w. CHS
well, Christian Kemp, John Beall,
Jacob Zetter, Charles Worthington,
Lutheran Congregation, John Shol-
man, John Syle, Appelona White
hair, heirs of George; John Mantz,
Charles Schell, Jacob Young, John
Tilly, Mrs. johnson, Jacob Hess,
George Winters, Henry Umhults,
George Linginfetter, William King,
James Terrell, William and Eliza
Waugh, heirs Of B. Vigil; F. Fish
er's heirs, Martin Hoffman, Edward
Skinner, Christian Edelin,, George
Striker, Patric Manual and wife,
Gilbert Kemp, Samuel Stowden,
Robert Peter. Thomas Johnson. COL
William Deakins, Michael Rayner,
T. Beall, Levi Deakins, Peter Kemp,
Christian Schell's heirs, Charles
Schell, John Winters, Thomas
Cramphin, John Shillman, Richard
Snowden, David Harry, Charles
Beatty, Peter Ham, Anthony Biting,
Joshua johnson, Valentine RENT
zell, Christian Lower, P. J.. Mantz,
David Isaac, Leonard Reed, Law
renee O'Neal, Henry Walter, Brook
Beall, Samuel Miller and Henry
Stall
Hines Records.
Christian Hines, who died in 1874,
and who published his Early Rec
objections of Washington City" in
1866, lived for a few years within
Evening star., 1940-06-02

animal, whether it really Is harmful
to crops (by analysis of the stomach)
and what can be done about 1t. The
determination process is usually car
ried on by traps or poison.
The Bureau of Biological Survey
originated on July /, 1885, with a
IS 900 appropriation from the Forty
eighth Congress for the promotion
Of economic ornithology. A year
later the project was separated from
the Division of Entomology, and
when $4,000 appropriation was
granted for the promotion of eco
nomic ornithology and mammalogy
the scope of the work was broadened
and its usefulness increased. The
work of the enlarged division was to
investigate the food habits, distribu-
tion and migration Of North Amer
ican birds and mammals in relation
to agriculture, horticulture and for
estry. In 1896 the name Of the de-
partment was again changed to the
Division of Biological Survey" and
remained such until 1905, when it
was endowed with. its present title.
Control Undertaken.
The control Of predatory animals
was undertaken by the Biological
Survey in 1916, so it now has the
problem of trying to exterminate the
undesirable animals as well as en-
courage the numbers Of desirable
ones. In its extensive effort to study
predatory mammals the Survey has
a collection of 986 wolves, 3,523
coyotes and $40 mountain lions, and
its entire collection, though limited
to recent mammals in North Amer
lea, has the largest representation
In the world. The mountain lions,
wolves and coyotes are still being
studied.
In connection with the collec-
ton elaborate cards are Allied out
for each animal, giving genus,
species, sub species and the name,
and from these records maps are
Evening star., 1940-06-02
BY Elizabeth Cabifaine.

Along the banks of the Potomac
River the first tiny gray shrew, the
smallest mammal in North America,
was found for the Bureau of Biologi-
cal Survey in 1908. This miniature
animal, pencil-sized and less than 3
inches long from the tip of its
pointed little nose to the tip of its
threadlike tail, is one of the 136, 1000
specimens in the bureaus collec-
ton.
In the drawers of battery of
white metal, insectproof cases that
extend overhead, animals from the
Arctic Ocean to Panama are cata-
logued, their fiat museum skins"
stuffed with tow (flax fiber) or cot
ton in the case of the smaller NAM
mails and with excelsior for the
larger ones.
Scores of dark-gray shrews, almost
weightless, lie side by side in the
drawers, and in another partitioned
section next to them are glass con-
tainers holding the fragile, white
and paper-thin skulls, each num-
bered identically to the skin to
which it belongs so there will be no
mistake in identification.
In nearby cases are drawers of
long-eared, cotton-tail rabbits, the
most destructive of their kind; "a
cases containing 10000 wood-mice,
the commonest mammal in the
United States; woodchucks, pocket
gophers $50 called because of the
small food pockets in either cheeky
and similar animals.
Range Of Color.
One Of the most interesting pelts
is that Of sea otter from Alaska.
A rigidly prepared skin, it ranges
in color from a light tan to deep
brown. 1t is feet long, short
tailed, and with hind feet like seal
fippers. Once numerous, the sea
otter became practically extinct
when the Russians, during their
control Of the country, exploited
them for furs. The United States
Evening star., 1940-06-02

made, showing the range OF every
type of animal in North America.
The most highly regarded and valu-
able specimens are the types and
typotypes. The types" are the first
animals Of each kind to be brought
into the collection, and it falls to
the lot of the discoverers to bestow
Latin names on them. That, and q
summary of the animals charac-
teristics, or characters" as the
bureau denotes them, is what is
called describing" q specimen.
There are 1913 type specimens in
the Biological Survey, of which
1851 were described by the staff
Today more than $500 species and
sub species are established and
many more are expected to be, for
the work is extensive and practically
endless. Typotypes are additional
specimens from the type locality
and they enable the scientists to
determine the validity and rela-
tionships Of species and sub species.
The Biological Survey collection
Is stored in the United States Ma
tional Museum, and besides giving
aid on specific animals to farmers,
sportsmen and fur-trappers it also
answers the questions Of universities.
Another valuable work of the Bio
logical Survey Is the publication Of
pamphlets. In many of them in
dividual animals are described; the
type, range, external and cranial
characters, color, remarks, list Of
specimens and their place of origin
are given. The laboratory facilities
at the museum provide place for
the scientists to study their large
collection, which is indispensable in
connection with the administration
OF wildlife. It is the basis for all
its distributional, taxonomic and
Identification studies on mammals,
and specimens are also available
for research purposes to responsible
museums, educational institutions
and scientists throughout the coun-
try.
Evening star., 1940-06-02

is necessary to examine the colors,
size and characters of every animal
to be able to know its range and
whether it is beneficial or harmful
to agriculturists. Peltage colors
often change with the seasons, and
the shade of fur of a young animal
is sometimes very different from
that OF an adult. The bureau feels
1t must have at least II skins from
one place in order to tell the general
characteristics of an animal in that
locality.
Several expeditions were sent out
each year to collect mammals from
the beginning of the bureau in
1885 until recently, but now the bulk
OF the work has been completed and
current collections can be handled
by fewer men. In 1891 a Biological
Survey expedition to Death Valley
gathered 5000 mammal specimens
the largest number of animals of
any single expedition. Over period
OF years, E. w. Nelson and E. A.
Goldman collected more than IT,
600 mammals In Mexico, a record
for any collector or team of COL
lectors. Now instead of expeditions
there are scattered men constantly
on the search for new types of
animals and new species. They
range throughout the country and
are especially active on reservations.
On these excursions they carry
trunks equipped with trays. An
animal selected for the collection Is
first measured, the total length, the
tail length and the hind-foot length
always being noted. The smaller
animals are prepared, both cleaned
and stuffed, in 20 to 80 minutes,
and pinned to the trays in the
trunks.
Special care must be used with
the small animals, especially the
shrew. An insect-feeding man.
NAL, 1t Is different from, though
similar in appearance to the rodent.
Small teeth run along the whole
jaw, 80 tiny that 1t Is difficult to
Evening star., 1940-06-02

street site shortly after 1880. This
church, of course, later gave way to
the present structure.
The old glass house, before re-
ferred to, was there from 1909 to
1846, being located about where is
Constitution avenue between Twen-
ty-flrst and Twenty-second streets,
near Coningham's brewery. SUBJ
sequently, another factory for the
making of glass was built on the east
side of Rock Greek, at Twenty sixth
and N streets. 1t was destroyed by
fire once and rebuilt, and In all
lasted but a few years.
Not far west of the first glass
house was Lear's wharf-between
Twenty sixth street and the Poto-
mac and F and G streets-of which
Mr.. Hines also says:
About this time, 1900, the seat Of
government was being removed from
Philadelphia to Washington City.
The vessels In which was brought
the furniture, etc, landed and dis
charged their cargoes at Lear's
wharf, and as the vessels were un-
laden their contents were carted
away to the War and Navy offices,
the only two that were built at
the time. Some of the furniture was
stored away in the stone warehouse
and afterward taken away in
wagons, it being too bulky to be
removed in carts. Wagons were
rather scarce in Washington then,
and our cart was engaged with
others in removing the boxes of
books, papers, etc. I still remember
that many of the boxes were marked
Joseph Nourse, Register
Reason for Removal.
I'm the course of few days I
became acquainted with, and OBJ
Evening star., 1940-06-02

the boundaries Of old Hamburg,
where his father (the writer's great
great grandfather. John Hines,
moved In December. 1899. OF this
Mr.. Hines says:
"The first house we lived In was
an old two-story frame on F street
north, between third and
Twenty-fourth streets west This
house is standing yet, and is now
owned and occupied by a colored
man named Foster. At that time
Washington might have been truly
called the city of magnificent dis
tances. Our neighbors we're few and
far between, the nearest being VIII
liam King, Esq, who then lived in
brick house near the corner of
F and Twentieth streets, recently
owned and occupied by Joseph For
rest. Esq. Thus I again became a
citizen Of Washington at about the
age of eighteen years. The greatest
difficulty we experienced then was in
getting water, as there were but
few pumps and they at a great dis
tance; so we had to go to spring
near Hamburg wharf, not far from
the old glass house (about half a
mile distant). and occasionally to
old Mr.. Wilson's, near I and Twenty
first streets"
Standing in 1900.
According to the same author, the
following houses were standing in
Hamburg in the year 1900: In square
bounded by c and D, Twenty second
and Twenty-third streets, a frame
house owned and occupied by
Thomas Smith, colored. In the block
to the east of this, one large frame
house occupied by a Mr.. Willard
and known as Wizards Spring
Garden.
In the square between F and G.,
Twenty first and Twenty-second
streets, one 2-story frame occupied
by John Hines during the years
1899 and 1900. Down toward the
river, south of B street. and between
Twenty-first and Twenty-second
streets, near Hamburg wharf, lived
Mr.. Stevens in a small frame
dwelling in which he kept a grocery
store. William King, and later JOS
Evening star., 1940-06-02

to William Deakins, jr., and Ben
jamin Stoddert, in which he said:
"The Maryland Assembly has au-
thorized certain number of acres
to be taken without the consent OF
the owners or making compensation
as therein provided. This will be
principally useful as to the old lots
of Hamburg. However, by purchas-
ing up lots, or as many as we can,
we shall be free to take, on the terms
OF the act, so much of any other
lands in our way, and consequently
those whose proprietors refuse all
arrangement. will, therefore, beg
the favour of you to take measures
Immediately for buying up all the
lots you can in Hamburg, on the
lowest terms you can, not exceeding
the rate of Is pounds the acre"
In September, 1893, the President
purchased four lots in Carrollsburg
and later, in order to show no par
tiality as to any particular section
of the city, purchased square num-
bered 81, said to be in Hamburg, to
which he refers in his will, saying:
"Actuated by the principle already
mentioned, give and bequeath to
George Washington Parke Gusts,
the grandson of my wife and my
ward, and to his heirs the tract I
hold on Four Mile Run in the vicin-
ity Of Alexandria, containing 1900
acres, more or less, and my entire
square No. 81 in the City of Wash
ington."
This square is between Twenty
fifth and Twenty-sixth and D and
E streets NV, in the block imme-
diately west of the old Observatory
grounds, and was most likely ada
cent to Hamburg, since the western
boundary of the town was probably
at Twenty-third street. The eastern
line ran approximately between
Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets;
the northern line was about where is
H street and it extended southwark
from there to the river. AS was
done with the owners of lots in
Carrollsburg, an equal exchange was
made by the Government with own
ers of property in Hamburg, the
location being as near the same
ground as possible.
The writer knows there are many
Evening star., 1940-06-02
Smallest North Mammal

Government now makes it illegal to
kill these animals and has estab-
lished colonies to protect them. In
fact, the specimen at the Survey
museum was not killed but was
found on a beach in Alaska. The
scientists experienced a pleasant
surprise recently when colony of
sea otters was found in a secluded
spot on the California coast.
Outside of the cases there are
many antlers of deer and moose and
caribou. Skulls are placed in vials,
cardboard boxes or trays, according
to size, and among these skulls are
1000 of brown and grizzly bears
from Alaska and about as many
blacks from the United States and
Canada. The huge skulls are
smooth and oblong, the vicious teeth
intact. The color varies from q
paper white to tannish gray, the
latter the result of oil in the bone.
One type in the collection repre-
sents the largest species of all exist
ing carnivores, the Kodiak bear, COL
lected on Kodiak Island, Alaska.
For the special study on bears 1854
specimens were gathered, and as a
result of the % new forms discov-
cred then the total number Of known
types was brought to 81.
In addition to the museum skins
and skulls, there are approximately
5000 unstuffed pelts hanging in q
luxurious, specially constructed room
of their own. They are suspended
from iron rods by loops of cords
passed through the skin above the
nose and attached to a rod with an
Shook. The room itself and the
pelts have just undergone a clean
ing after 20 years, and the skins OF
wolves, coyotes, black and grizzly
bears, pumas, badgers, foxes and
sheep comprise a valuable collec-
ton for research.
For Extensive Study.
The great number of similar skins
must be collected to insure an ex-
tenSive study of each mammal II
Evening star., 1940-06-02

eph Forrest, owned and occupied
one-story brick dwelling in the
block between E and F, Twentieth
and Twenty-flrst streets, and In the
same square lived a school teacher
named Ferrel, in large frame. Be-
tween F and G, Nineteenth and
Twentieth streets, was q two-story
frame occupied by Mr.. Smoot, and,
according to Miss Maud Burr Morris,
the two brick houses at 612 and 614
Nineteenth street were also quite
likely standing in the year 1900.
Coningham's brewery was also In
old Hamburg as early as 1877, in a
stone building in the block bounded
by Twenty first, Twenty-second, B
street (ncw Constitution avenue)
and the Potomac. It was operated
by c. Cunningham & Co. DR.. Cor
nelius Cunningham, the head of the
firm, was a physician as well as a
brewer, and lived on the premises
in order to see the work well done.
However, he did not conduct his
business here very long, but soon
moved to the Navy Yard section Of
the city. He was a native of England.
Sites for Churches.
OF the two sites set apart by Jacob
Funk for church purposes-one at
the corner Of Twenty-second and G
streets and the other at Twentieth
and G streets-one for a Calvinist
society and the other for Lutheran
society-only the latter was occupied
in accordance with the desire of the
donor. However, no effort was made
to build churches on these sites for
long while, and they were only
claimed for the societies by Daniel
Reintzel on June %, 1893. The Con-
cordia German Lutheran Church
erected building on the Twentieth
Evening star., 1940-06-02

see them we'll without microscope
The thin tail is carefully drawn
over a fine wire that has been
wrapped with cotton. To give an
idea of just how small this animal
is. its tail is just about half the
length Of the entire 3-inch body.
Preserving Skins.
Arsenic on the inside of skins
preserves them, and a specimen so
treated will keep indefinitely if in
sects are not allowed to get at it.
There are some specimens so pre-
pared at the Survey which have
been there for so years. Large pelts
are salted and sent in to the taxi
dermist to be tanned and otherwise
preserved.
The Bureau of Biological Survey
was primarily established as an aid
to agriculturists. Farmers whose
crops were being seriously damaged
by animals of various sorts have
been greatly aided by the Survey.
Woodchucks, prairie dogs and wood
mice, for example, do immense harm,
and where there are many of them
they do considerable damage to her
biage in the vicinity. Though known
as woodmice, these animals are
found in fields, prairies and on
beaches as well as in woods. One
mouse, only few inches long, in
habits the sandy beaches Of an island
of the coast of Florida and its white
fur makes 1t almost indistinguish-
able from the sand. There are dam
aging cotton mice and white mice
in the South, pocket mice and grass
hopper mice and pocket kangaroo
rats, with hind legs like kangaroos'
in the West.
When farmer, or any individual,
writes in for advice about a specific
animal, he should send in a speci-
men. BY measuring the skulls, the
length Of the mammal, and by other
routine means, the men at the bu-
reau are able to determine, by COM
parison with their animals and
reference to data, the range Of the
Evening star., 1940-06-02

titleholders would largely indicate
the opposite conclusion.
Gen. Washington's concern in the
town site of Hamburg is conveyed
in several letters written upon the
subject. On February II, 1791, he
addressed a letter from Philadelphia
Evening star., 1940-06-02

Potomac on the west. F. street on the
north and the river on the south.
This section, the southern part of
which was nearly all low ground,
was, prior to the time when it was
drained, noted for its unhealthful-
ness, as will still be recalled by many
an old resident. The Foggy Bottom