davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-06

nassas as the sound of guns her
aided the first battle of Bull Run.
President Lincoln began recruit
ing for three years or the war"
but within a year there were no
more recruits. A draft of 100000
militia to serve for nine months
was ordered but that was found to
have halted volunteer enlistments
for the longer period. National con-
scription was ordered in the spring
Of 1863 but the tortuous methods
and the fact that only Army per-
sonnet was used to obtain the con-
scripts, caused much resentment
and lack of cooperation in COM
munities.
The draft fell heavily on the poor,
because it permitted any man to
hire a substitute or purchase out
right exemption for $500. Rich dis
tricts filled quotas from poor dis
tricts by purchasing substitutes,
and yet the poor districts had to
find more men to fill their own
quotas. While during the World
War the lament was Il didn't raise
my boy to be soldier" during the
Civil War 1t was "the rich mans
money and the poor mans blood"
There were bounty jumpers who
lived by repeatedly hiring out as
substitutes and then deserving, only
to offer as substitutes again.
Men Hunted Down.
Men were registered by house
toulouse canvass and hunted down
by troops if they failed to appear.
About 80 draft officials were killed.
Riots in New York City resulted
In the deaths of 300 persons and
destruction of property valued at
100000. In Westminster County,
N. Y, enrolment records were de-
stroyed In Troy, N. Y, a newspa-
per Office was Quilted by mobs. In
Boston four field guns were placed
behind a closed armory door. and
when a mob stormed the building
the guns were fired through the
doors, killing many.
There was bloodshed in other
communities because of the I'M
fairness of the draft, and after two
years of operation only 100000
men had been added to the Union
forces. But most were volunteers
and substitutes. The number &C
tually drafted in the Army after
those two years OF turmoil was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-06

46,347 Compare this with the
2,81O ,296 obtained during the World
War draft without bloodshed. The
cost of obtaining men during the
World War was figured at So each 8;
during the Civil War it was 1898
And many of these conditions pre-
vailed also in the South, where it
became known as ''the rich mans
war and the poor mans fight"
There also was the system of paid
substitutes used.
In addition there were occupa-
tional exemptions from service Of
huge groups of minor officials,
clerks, teachers, lawyers, newspa-
permen. druggists, officers of militia
and many more. AS a result those
occupations burgeoned overnight
with draft dodgers. just as did the
exempted industries during the
World War.
The Civil War was the first at
tempt to draft man power, but in
stead of proving an orderly proc
ess it was extremely disorderly; in
stead of arousing community inter-
est it was placed in the hands of
the provost marshal's department,
which used the same tactics in OBJ
tanning conscripts as it did in ap-
pretending spies and deserters: in
stead of applying to every one it
favored the rich and politicians. In
fact it was sour mess for both
sides. But the 1910 draft applies
equally to every citizen. exemptions,
are extremely limited. and civilians
who are acquainted with the peo-
pie of their communities will de-
eide who is to be selected.
Generalship Won.
The Spanish American War and
the War with Mexico didn't last long
enough to require large bodies of
men, but it was more the superior
fighting ability and generalship than
the size of the American Army
which caused quick termination of
those wars At Resaca de la Palma
in 1886 an American army of 1900
men routed 5000 Mexicans. At Mon
terey 10000 Mexicans were de-
feated by $500 American volunteers,
and at the Battle of Buena Vista in
the same war 10000 Mexican SOL
diers were defeated by merely ALSO
Americans. During that time the
population of the United States was
about 100000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-06
Country for First Time Is Preparing
To Train Fighters Before War Comes

Only 200, 900 volunteers were called
in the Spanish-American War and
the war was over long before the
strain was felt
1t was in the Revolutionary War
and the War of 1912 that the made
quacy of a volunteer and militia
system to obtain soldiers caused the
wars to drag on. although the in
vading forces were comparatively
small.
When Gen. Washington took COM
mand at Cambridge, Mass, his army
totaled 1900 while investing Boston.
This was the largest American Army
assembled under his command dur
ing that war for one campaign. They
were obtained chiefly from militia
organizations in New England which
had fought at Lexington and Con-
cord. Their enlistments we're to
expire that year, so the Continental
Congress tried to obtain by October,
ITS, force of 10000 troops which
would owe allegiance solely to the
United States instead of to the
States themselves.
Washington's Stand.
Virginia offered a bounty of $3.50,
a suit of clothes, and 100 acres of
land, to obtain volunteers for Short
term enliStmentS. The short enlist
ments caused frequent change in
the Army personnel and caused
Washington to complain:
Il am sorry to be necessitated to
mention to you the egregious want
of public spirit which reigns here.
Instead of pressing to be engaged in
the cause of their country, which I
vainly f1attered myself would be the
case, I find that we are likely to be
deserted in the most critical time.
Such dearth of public spirit and
such want of virtue. such stock job
bling and fertility in all the low arts
to obtain advantages of one kind or
another in this great change Of
military arrangement, I never saw
before, and pray Gods mercy that I
may never be witness to again"
In 1778, Washington wrote to the
President of the Congress, II be-
lieve our greatest and only aid will
be derived from drafting, which I
trust may and will be done by the
United States" but no resort was
made to this method.
Some $4,000 Americans served at
times in the Revolutionary War. In
1776 there were only $4,000 in the
American Army as against 10000 in.
vading British soldiers. BY 1871,
there were only % 900 in the Amer
lean forces when the American
population was about 100000.
Although by 1912. there was clearer
conception of national unity, the
same difficulty was encountered In
obtaining manpower. Bounties were
again offered and a draft was dis
cussed. Altogether, about SGT 900
Americans served at one time or
another during that war. The largest
force of British regulars that ever
opposed an American Army was
$500.
The Selective Service Act win
furnish the men in uniform for the
current defense emergency as 1t did
after the World War had begun.
But this time the hope is that Q
show Of preparation in manpower
as well as equipment will provide
enough insurance against . con-
hagration.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-06

bounties. substitutes and purchased
exemptions - evils which almost
wrecked the Civil War draft. 1t
exempted then, as now, only min
| listers, divinity students and a few
groups of high public officials. Thus,
for the first time, the Nation was
able to procure the needed man.
power with a minimum of friction.
But as usual, patriotic volunteers
were in many instances more i'm
portant at defense jobs than in
the Army and should have obtained
deferment because of their occupa-
lions.
The large-scale mobilization gave
sociologists and health officers their
first opportunity to place a large
portion of the United States popu-
lace under the research microscope.
1t was found that 100000 country
boys would furnish for military
service 4,790 more soldiers than
would an equal number Of city
boys Similarly, 100000 whites would
furnish 1,24O more soldiers than
would an equal number of colored.
OF native born, 100000 would fur
nish $500 more soldiers-about the
size of a wartime regiment-than
an equal number of foreign born.
The health standard is believed
to have increased throughout the
country since then, but dentists be-
lieve they will find more tooth all
ments. immigration has been dras-
tically curtailed.
Only so to So per cent of drafted
men passed physical tests in Maine,
Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecti-
cut, Massachusetts,, New York, Mich
igan, Colorado, Arizona, California
and the State of Washington.
The District of Columbia had
an acceptance of go to 10 per cent,
while the healthiest group-70 to
80 per cent passed-came from the
Middle Western States stretching
from North Dakota to Texas:
1t was found that 489 men IN
1000 completed the eighth grade
dG 2AA6iA C\AAOOA
and 10 finished college. This also
is expected to have bettered since
1918.
Civil War Lessons.
A large share of the success Of
the World War draft, which the
1910 act follows closely, was due
to the corrected failures of the
Civil War;
At the start of the war there
were about 5000 men and officers
in the Union Army. The first new
troops raised were 10 companies of
militia from the District of Column
bia, but they could not be used out
side the District. President Lin
coin called for 5000 militiamen
for three months Of service. The
South began with one-year enlist
ments, and as . result, Union SOL
oilers whose three months Of service
were up, marched away from Ma
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-06

in the order in which their num-
bers were called from the lottery.
In the same order. the commit
tee-made up entirely of civilians
will be classifying the registrants to
find those considered Immediately
available for service. or those to be
deferred from immediate call:
Because of the importance to the
Nation of the services being rem
dered in civilian life.
Because of dependents.
Because of physical unfitness, in
sanity, alienage, or being other
wise undesirable.
Since the quota of draftees need
ed in peacetime from each COM
munity will be small-about loo
in the District each year-there
will be minimum of married men
taken, and none will be needed who
has dependents.
The first group of men will be
ordered to duty about November
15-not as draftees or selectees. but
as recruits in the Regular Army or
National Guard organizations to
which they will be assigned for IL
months of strenuous and healthful
military training. AS housing and
equipment increase. more will be
called. BY July, 1941. there will be
about 100000 men in military
training, of whom 100000 will have
been selected by the $500 district
boards.
The 1910 draft act is apt to be
compared to that in effect during
the World War. when 2,8l0 296 men
were indicted into military service
between June S, 1917. and November
II, 1918 These were selected from
24,234021 registrants between the
ages of 18 and As. But the prece-
dent for drafting manpower is as
old as the Nation.
Days of Settlers.
The first settlers, because of the
grim necessities of pioneer existence
were self-armed militiamen, Or
ganized for defense of their COL
onies. Among its earliest measures
for self-defense, the Continental
Congress, on July 10, ITS. recon-
mended Ito the inhabitants of the
United English Colonies that all
able-bodied, effective men, between
Is and so years of age. be formed
into companies of militia"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-06

District. 32,327 men appeared before
committees at Al schools which had
been divided into II precincts
Harold Keats, publicity director of
the Registration Bureau, was first to
register. High School cadets acted
as ushers. Citizens associations pre-
sented cigars, books, badges and
other tokens to the men who waited
in long queues. The District was
first in the Nation to report its total
registrants.
The scenes were re-enacted
throughout the country. Enthusiasm
and patriotism we're high in the first
few months of the war. Eight days
later, on June Is. two men were ar
rested and sentenced for draft
evasion in New York, the first of
only 337,647 throughout the war, of
whom 1853. 1888 were apprehended
When the need for more men be-
came pressing as the Germans began
near-victorious drive and Russian
resistance collapsed entirely, the age
limits were increased. The second
registration August "a, 1918, included
those who had become 81 years old
since the draft. The third and last
registration on September II, 1918,
extended the age limits to 18
through As. Had the war continued,
the War Department estimated it
would have obtained more than
100000 soldiers from those age
groups.
War Registration.
Throughout the war, 90,361 men
registered in the District and n ,O29
were indicted. Some 800 others who
volunteered gave the District as
their place of residence, although
many Federal workers returned to
their former residences to volunteer
and be drafted.
Many men did not wait to be
drafted. But volunteers decreased
precipitately throughout the country
after the first two months of war.
In 60 days during April and MAY,
1917, 100000 men volunteered. The
War and Navy Departments esti-
mated in 1889 they would need
100, 900 men in the first so days after
mobilization for another war.
1t was not until five months after
war was declared in 1917 that the
first drafted men were sent into the
Army and then there were but
$4,000.
There were but slight repercus-
sions against the methods used in
that draft. The major one was
caused by occupational exemptions
granted to defense workers. It
caused a large influx into ship
building and similar industries, of
men who were trying to evade the
draft. This time there will be no
exemptions granted to all workers
in defense industries, but each one
will be judged on his own merits.
Bountles Forbidden.
Then, Is now, the draft forbade
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-06
Br Robert BrnSkin.

Beggar and banker white and
colored, Republican and Democrat,
will fuse identities october l6, as
the man power of the freest Nation
on an embattled earth registers its
will to insure that freedom.
From the most pretentiouS estate
and isolated farm to the slimiest
alley in a big-city slum. all men
from the age of q through IS will
troop to $4,000 registration places
presided over by $500 District
Boards, prepared to assume the most
ancient obligation of free-born citi-
zens-defense of the common safety.
Only 100000 will be selected each
year to serve with the armed forces
But to all the 16.4O4 900 men who
register, and to the 100000 more
who assume the burden of citizen
ship each year at the age OF Il,
1t will mean assurance of increas-
ing power to forestall bankrupt die
tators. their greed for more servile
subjects and lands to plumber.
To the wealthiest Nation on earth
It will mean for the first time IN its
history that its soldiers will be
trained for defense while there Is
still time to do so in an orderly
manner. before war has been forced
upon it because of disrespect for its
military prowess. During the five
year life of the CONSUMPTION bill, a
well-trained Army Reserve of A.
100000 physically hardened men
will have been added to the regular
force of 100000 in the Army, Navy
and Marine Corps, and 100000 more
In the National Guard, Marine and
Naval Reserves.
Order of Selection.
Registration of manpower will be
but the first step to assure this
force. A few weeks afterwards,
when all registrants have received
serial numbers. solemn ceremony
will be enacted in Washington to
determine who is to be the first to
be examined for fitness to serve
the one year of military duty.
A blindfold official of the United
States Government. possibly Presi-
dent Roosevelt or the Secretary of
War, will reach into an oversize
goldfish bowl Inside will be hum
dreds of blue capsules, each bearing
q number.
AS the first number is being ex-
tracted. a hush will fall on vast
audience. In thousands of city
rooms of newspapers. besides mil
lions of radios in homes. there will
be the tenseness of a great story
about to break, one which will over
shadow all war dispatches from the
European front. For the announce
ment of the numbers as they are
pulled from capsules will touch
almost every family.
Each number may effect a man
in every one of the $500 draft dis
tricts. Thus, if the number 258 is
the first in the lottery as 1t was
during the World War, there will
be $500 men throughout the coun-
try with that registration number
who must go through the process Of
selection for service.
In the District of Columbia, where
u schools will serve as registration
places, the "a Selective Service Dis
trict Committees will begin mailing
16-page Questionnaires to registrants
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-06

Each reoistran under the compulsory service bill ,DH
receue registration certificate IKE the front DD shoDn
aboue ohch he must 10Th hn. at all tmsA Photo
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-09-25
Movie Revues
FUGITIVE FROM JUSTICE"
is FEATURED AT BIJOU

A film depicting one of the most
thrilling man-hunts ever to be
screened will open today at the
Bijou theater. The picture, "a Flu
gitive from Justice" starring Rog-
err Pryor in the role Of a special
agent for an insurance company,
tells the novel story of an attempt
to prevent a crime before it is
committed.
Donald Douglas, playing the part
of an underworld character, is in
sured for 81, 900, 900. He is wanted
by the police, the insurance COM
pany, and a group of gangsters
who want to keep him from testi-
flying against them. The story hits
a high peak in excitement when
Pryor cleverly tricks the gangsters
into attempting to kill Douglas.
The supporting cast includes a
promising newcomer in Lucille
Fairbanks, niece of the late Doug
las Fairbanks, in her screen de-
but, and such popular players as
Sheila Bromley, Eddie Foy, Jr.,
and Morgan Conway.
The sixth chapter of Terry and
the Pirates" and a Three Stooge
comedy, ''Nutty but Nice" COM
plete the program.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-09-25
Mayor Cooper Returns
From New York Meeting

Mayor Thomas E. Cooper yes
terday returned from New York
where last week he attended the
United States Conference Of
Mayors.
ut was on of the most worth
while conferences I ever attend
ed" the mayor said. as he review
ed the numerous subjects covered
by the conference.
Among the items discussed dur
ing the conference. he said, we're
department of justice and cities,
the part municipal government will
tense, the relation of WPA city
projects to national defense, de-
tense housing and city government,
federal-city relations, the national
defense program as discussed by
William S. Knudsen, of the advisory
commission to the council of ma
tional defense, administration of
the compulsory military training
act and the cities, the role of city
planning in city government, a ma
tional airport program, training
defense workers, and other such
important items. 4
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-09-25
Eleven Southeastern
Men Join Navy Here

Eleven young men from South
eastern North Carolina yesterday en-
listed as apprentice seamen in the
United States Navy at the local sub
station, R. L. Deloach, recruiting Of
ficer, reported.
They included: Earl B. Fonvielle,
%, son of Mr.. and Mrs. E. W. Fon-
vielle, of Tabor City; William j.
Carr, Jr., IS, son of Mr.. and Mrs. w.
J. Carr, ST., of Wallace; Dewey E.
Cavenaugh, 25, son of Mr.. and Mrs.
GARNER Cavenaugh, of route two,
Wallace; Felix P. Harris, 20, of Caro-
lima Beach, son of Mr.. and Mrs. P.
T. Harris, of Spartanburg, S. C.
Charles E. Grantham, Jr., 10, son
Of C. E. Grantham, Sr., of Fairmont;
John e. Eichorn, Jr., IS, son Of J.
E. Eichorn, ST., of Hallsboro; Joseph
V. Richardson, p, son Of Mrs. Ida
Richardson, of Cerro Gordo; John H.
Peterson, IS, son of Mr.. and Mrs. J.
l.. Peterson, of Rosehill.
Franklin NJ. Shepherd, 18. son of
Mr.. and Mrs. F. T. Shepherd, of
Chadbourn; Reuben H. Buffin, 81,
son Of w. H. H. Buffkin, of Tabor
City; and Haywood N. Corbett, %,
son Of Mr.. and Mrs. T. J.. Corbett,
of Rocky Point.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-09-25
Rural Letter Carriers
Plan RosehiU Meeting

ROSEHILL, Sept. Plural let
ter carriers, retired carriers and
substitute carriers, their wives and
children, from Duplin, Fender, New
Hanover and sampson counties,
which make up the Sea Level dis
trict of the North Carolina Rural
Letter Carriers association will meet
at Rosehill in the study room of
the high school building, Tuesday,
October 1, for their semi-annual
meeting.
The Rosehill PIT. A. will serve a
banquet at 6 p. m. after which the
association, the Ladies auxiliary and
the Junior organization will each
have a business meeting.
C. M. Walker Of Hillsboro, presi-
dent of the North Carolina Rural
Letter Carriers association is ex-
pected to attend.
Highlights of the recent national
convention in st. Louis, Mo-, which
was attended by several from the
district, will be discussed, as will
other matters of Importance to all
rural carriers.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-09-25
20 CCC Enrouees
To Be Signed Here

Plans to enroll 20 young white
boys from the city and county in
connection with the October en-
listment in the Civilian Conserva-
ton Corps were announced yester-
day at the office of j. B. Hollis,
county public welfare superintend-
ent.
Applicants must have the fol-
lowing qualifications: a citizen of
the United States, unemployed and
in need of employment, of good
character, between the ages of II
and %, unmarried, out of school,
physically and mentally fit, and
able to do vigorous work.
Enrollees receive food, quarters,
laundry, a monthly wage, and
special vocational training in line
with national defense needs. Only
nine young men from the Will
mington section have been en-
rolled to date.
Those applying will be enrolled
during the first week in October
and will be sent to various CCC
camps in North Carolina. No quota
of vacancies for colored youths in
the community has been allotted
as yet.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-09-25
II WANT A DIVORCE"
FEATURED AT CAROLINA

Today for the last times the Car
DINA theatre will present Para
mounts delightful, down-to-earth
motion picture, Il Want a Di-
vorce," starring Joan Blondell and
Dick Powell. Other subjects on the
program include w 1t Disney's
latest Technicolor cartoon, Tug
boat Mickey" with Mickey Mouse,
Donald Duck and other Disney IA
vorites, an Unusual Occupations"
novelty and News of the Day.
Starting tomorrow the Carolina
will present G George Raft, Ann
Sheridan, Ida Lupino and Humph-
rey Bogart in a sensational story
entitled, "They Drive by Night"
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-09-25
'NEW FADS AND FACES
MARKS ROYAL PROGRAM

Owen Benefits "New Fads and
Faces which opens a one day en-
gagem<nt today at the Royal the
atre, is known as a fast, furious
and eye-catching stage presenta-
ton.
Reasons, it is filled with comedy
with Turk McBee and Billie Hen
derson, two blackface artists, spill
ing joke after joke which bring
roars of laughter from the audi
ences 1t has novelty that carries
through a pace that is startling
with the two Rixfords, two boys
who defy gravity in their sensa-
tional balancing motion. of the
body. It has variety in Roshel and
Lee, a boy and girl who will thrill
YOU immensely with their globe
rolling, acrobatics and juggling. It
has charm in Maurice and Andrea,
stylists of ballroom and adagio
dancing and it has beauty in both
the famous seaside chorus, lovely
ladies of the line, Miss Mary Tar
ton, the girl who tickles the keys
of the accordian and Dottie Eddens
the whirlwind tap dancer, second
onlv to Miss Eleanor Powell.
New Fads and Faces is all the
above and more. Its cast of stars
include the country's greatest
Sta ge stars and acts, its girls are
the pick of the cities and its mu-
sicians. r the cream of youthful
bandsters who know this gener-