davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-01-20
BY ]. A. O'LEARY.


Outdoing the House in the cur.
rent drive for economy, the Senate
Appropriations Committee today
cut nearly $4,000, 900 from national
defense funds growing out Of neu-
rality enforcement in the first de-
flciency bill.
The full committee convened at
10:30 this morning and approved
the reductions approved by the sub
committee last night which brings
the total Of the bill down to $751;.
822, ,58s.
Before passing the bill more than
a week ago the House already had
taken 100000 off the original
budget estimate of $271 ,999 900 for
increases in personnel and facilities
of the Navy, Army, Marine Corps,
Coast Guard and Federal Bureau
of investigation, based on the
emergency proclamations President
Roosevelt issued at the outbreak of
the European war in September.
Cuts Out so Navy Planes.
The biggest cut approved by the
subcommittee was to eliminate
$6,075,000 for the proposed purchase
by the Navy of 81 inner-range patrol
planes, including ordnance equip
ment.
Another reduction was to take
81 ,000,0 of the 5000 900 fund for
reconditioning inactive destroyers.
The work of putting these decom-
missioned destroyers back into serv-
ice began as part of the neutrality
program last fall.
The subcommittee, presided over
by Senator Adams, Democrat, of
Colorado, also Topped $4,700,0O0 of
Army items and made smaller re-
ductions under the Coast Guard.
Some Of the Army reduction came
from field training maneuver plans
and the elimination Of land pur-
chases for a depot base in Puerto
Rico.
II all Of the reductions now pro-
posed at both ends of the Capitol go
through. 1t would mean an a9g1e-
gate cut Of about $2O, 900, 900 beloW
the budget on this, the first appro-
priation bill to pass through the
legislative mill.
Coming on the first bill, the re-
ductions were interpreted In some
quarters as an indication that Con-
gress is thinking seriously of econo-
my this year, in view of the alterna-
tive that otherwise would confront
it in the near future Of raising
taxes or boosting the debt limit.
Cuts May Be Offset.
On the other hand, some mem
bers admit privately that these early
economies may be Offset later in
the session, particularly on sucn
major issues as farm benefits and
work-relief. Under the heading of
agriculture, for instance, the new
budget leaves out the s225 900 900
funo for parity price payments. It
is generally expected strong effort
will be made before the session ends
to allow at least $100, 900 900 of this
fund, even though changes in basic
crop prices may not justify continue
ing the amount granted last year.
There is a possibility also that
all or part of the 81 naval planes
eliminated from the deficiency bill
yesterday may be provided for when
the regular naval supply bill comes
along later in the session. Members
OF the Deficiency Subcommittee are
understood to have taken the view
Evening star., 1940-01-20

MEXICO CITY, Jan. 20 @.-
President Lazaro Cardenas appoint-
ed Agustin Arroyo chief of the fed
eral labor department today. Arroyo
formerly was head Of the govern
ment press bureau, disbanded for
economy in the 1910 budget.
Evening star., 1940-01-20
Summary Of Todoy's Star

Foreign
Pledge to aid Finland no idle prom
ise, Halifax says. Page Al
Finnish women cook and wash for
army under fire. Page Al
Pope, In letter to Roosevelt, sees
slight hope for peace. Page Al
Serious" clashes with Nazis reported
by French. Page Al
German "slaveship," Spec auxiliary,
hunted by British. Page A-4
French paper pays tribute to Borah
as leader. Page AS
NotionoI
Senate committee weighs defense
funds cut today Page Al
Neutrality Act bars arms shipments
to Chinese. Page AS
Washington and Nearby.
washington and Nation shivers In
intense cold wave. Page Al
Greater efficiency seen In newly ap-
proved library plan. Page Ais
Evening star., 1940-01-20
Britoin to Publish Reply

LONDON, Jan. 20 R).-The Brit
ish governments reply to the United
States protest Of December ~
against British censorship Of Amer
ican mails i to b publshsd toner
row,
Evening star., 1940-01-20
BY LLOYD A. LEHRBAS,
Asscclateo Press Stan Writer.

6ooSSiateu SASSo ot1u WEltet.
An unfinished speech lies on the
desk Of the late Senator Borah Of
Idaho in room 139 Of the Senate
Once Building.
And a desk-three from the center
aisle on the Republican side-from
which he would have delivered it is
vacant for the first time in 80 years.
Death last night stilled the voice
of the Lion of Idaho" that would
have roared out in protest against
British interference with American
mails.
II don't like this idea of the Brit
ish holding up United tSates mail"
Senator Borah told me Monday,
"and I'm going to speak about it in
the Senate. Secretary Hull has
rightfully and vigorously protested
to the British government on the
question, but Britain pays no atten-
tion.
Wanted Retaliatory Action.
1--WE can make them respect
American mails and have in mind
demanding that the United States
take retaliatory action-perhaps
denial of port facilities to British
ships-until they permit the pas
sage of mails without interference
and without delays"
Senator Borah smiled, accentuat-
ing the deep crease in his strongly
cleft chin.
II suppose they'll start bowling
again that I'm anti-British," he
added. I'm not anti-British and
I never have been. It's just that
(See LEHRBAS, Page A-6.)
Evening star., 1940-01-20
Defense Funds
Cut Is Million
By Senators
Full Committee
Convenes to Act
On Reductions
BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND
Administration budget requests
for huge defense outldys for the
coming fiscal year brought fore
casts OF congressional fight. The
House trimmed the deficiency de-
tense request for s270,000, 900 to
s264,611,252, and a tew days later
its Appropriations Committee cut
$4,000, 1000 from the independent
Offices bill. The Senate is er-
pected to continue the defense
economy battle.
Evening star., 1940-01-20
Russian Raid Planes
Fly Over HeIsinki
By the Associated Press.

HELSINKI, Jan. 40. - Russian
planes few over Helsinh today
as they ranged over Southern Fin
land in a series of intense bombing
raids.
The capital had four air raid
alarms during the morning and
early afternoon although no bombs
were known to have fallen here.
However. 81 planes were reported
flying over a small city north of
Helsinki and even in the capital
the faint rumble of exploding bombs
could be heard at times.
Six Russian planes were seen fly
ing over Helsinki's outskirts at
great height. In view of the almost
continuous alarms it was believed
the Soviet air force was taking ad-
vantage of exceptionally clear skies
to attack a large number Of small
centers.
It was announced that Russian
bombers yesterday raided n Finnish
cities and villages, dropping more
than 1000 bombs. Casualties were
not announced.
On Thursday, the Finnish COM
munique estimated, $50 Russian
planes few over Finland.
Helsinki's first alarm today was
sounded at 11:10 am. and the alarms
were almost continuous until the
fourth was raised at $50 pm.
The fourth alarm was accom-
panied by temporary suspension of
foreign telephone service which in
terrupted dispatch of this message.
Evening star., 1940-01-20

As a child in Boise, idaho.
Lloyd A. Lehrbds ,Don friendly
pats on the head from an up
and-coming Senator from his
home State, William Edgar
Borah. Mr.. Lehrbns since that
time has gone around the globe
tnrtttng headline dispatches for
the Associated Press. This inter-
ptew Is the last giren by his old
friend. 8 T
PICTORIAL REVIEW Of Senator
Borah's life. Page Al
Evening star., 1940-01-20
Firms 'Annimioted,'
Russians Report

MOSCOW, Jan. 20 R.-The Rus
sian army reported today 1t had
"annihilated" a Finnish battalion
on the north shore Of Lake Ladoga
and inflicted numerous casualties"
on the enemy on the Karelian 18TH
mus.
A communique from the Lenin-
grad headquarters, distributed by
Tass Soviet ofIicial news agency,
declared:
I'm the Perazavodsk direction, In
the area of Kitela, our reconnoiter-
ing group annihilated an enemy
battalion which left rs machine
guns on the spot"
The report added "the enemy
suffered numerous casualties" in
clashes of advanced units on the
Isthmus front.
The Soviet soldier, meanwhile, has
been ordered into intense ski train
ing for warfare on the SHOWS, War
Commissar Klementi e. Voroshilon
said in the newspaper On Guard.
"Trainees must not only learn how
to flre under complicated conditions
but also be able to solve independ-
emily any important problem In
battle" he wrote.
After the defeat Of the 44th
Russian Division In the Suomus-
salmi region, Finnish officers said
they found books entitled How to
Ski" In an abandoned Soviet supply
wagon.
Decorations were awarded to 164
Soviet soldiers and political workers
by the government "for carrying
out in an exemplary manner battle
tasks by the command on the front
in the struggle against the Finnish
White Guards"
Evening star., 1940-01-20

(See DEFENSE, Page A-3J
Evening star., 1940-01-20

(See BORAH, Page A-6)
Evening star., 1940-01-20

(See WEATHER, Page A-5.)
Evening star., 1940-01-20

(see CHILDREN, Page A-30
Evening star., 1940-01-20

A state funeral will be held in
the Senate chamber at noon
Monday for Senator William E.
Borah, 1t was announced today.
President Roosevelt, members of
the cabinet and others high in
Official life will be in attendance.
Burial will be in Boise, Idaho.
Evening star., 1940-01-20
Wanted Retaliatory Action.
Mexican Press Bureau Out

(See LEHRBAS, Page A-60
Evening star., 1940-12-03

with assurances to the workers and
peasants that the gains they have
made hitherto under President
Lazaro Cardenas will be preserved
within the framework Of system
Of collective justice. But, he added,
"let the labor organizations close
their lines and discipline their prin-
cipalS. They will count then with
the gratitude and adhesion of the
people" This is a need which not
only Mexico but every country which
is feeling war or the threat of war
must fulfill.
The emphasis on private initiative
is so unmistakable in the speech that
the Mexican President begins his
administration with definitely con-
servative stamp which is in accord
with the demands OF the times.
There is no place now for labor
capitalist strife in any American
country, and as the President points
out, "the welfare Of the people and
the deStinieS of the republic are in
volved in the peaceful organization
of all factors of production" The
Labor Department is being elevated
to the category of Ministry of Labor
and Social Prevention, for one reason,
to signify "the advantage to the ma
ton Of the solution of conflicts be-
tween industries and unions"
With this basis for internal re-
habilitation, the new President re-
affirmed the democratic ideal and
Mexico's adherence to the interna-
tional Pan-American doctrine. Mex
leo will be a valuable contributor to
Western Hemisphere defense if the
enlightened sentiments her President
expressed in his inaugural address
are translated into fact.
Evening star., 1940-12-03
IndOrses Criticism
OF White Committees Stand.

To the Editor Of The Star:
I wish every one in America whose
love of country transcends international
politics in war or peace could have read
the letter from DR.. Henry N. Mac
Cracken, president Of Vassar College,
printed in the New York Times Novem-
Der %. DR.. MacCracken, who hitherto
had been supporter Of the general aims
of the National Committee to Aid
America by Defending the Allies and
who upon one occasion spoke from the
same platform as its chairman, William
Allen White, condemns the committee
for its new declaration Of policy in in
ternational affairs, which is an attempt
to sabotage the defined defense program
upon which President Roosevelt and
Secretary Hull have been working SO
earnestly. The committee in criticism
Of the Roosevelt Hull policy Of aiding
England, short Of war, declares that
"our aid is now insufficient and slow"
and demands that the United States
supply Great Britain with ali possible
merchant ships and assume responsible
ity for maintaining the so-called life line
between Great Britain and the United
otoAaa 1vidsntly ths committee would
Evening star., 1940-12-03

elusive. How ephemeral 1t was may
be judged from the fact that Bis
marck Cancelled 1t with the stroke of
a pen on June 8, 1871. BY 1890 mot
a single irreconcilable was left" The
"autonomist" party disappeared in
the elections Of 1898. Such, at least,
was the affirmation of Berlin.
But the French agitation did not
cease until the peace conference at
Versailles in 1919 when both Lorraine
proper and Alsace were taken from
Germany in fulfillment of one of the
fourteen points Of President Wood
row Wilson. During the past two
decades there has been occasional
difficulty, but commonly peace has
prevailed A philosophical observer
admits "the opposition of two civili-
zations" But, he continues, "the two
civilizations should rather supple
ment each other .. The solution Of
this question is easy enough if his
tory be consulted and with it the
secret feelings Of the immense ma
jority" of the folk most directly
concerned.
Hitler and his agent make no pre-
tense of having compromised with
anybody. They are making Lorraine
German by coercion. 1t is incredible
that their work will endure. Their
own doubts of its permanency may
be discovered in their petulant repe-
tition of the boast that it is final.
Evening star., 1940-12-03
Mexico Closes Her Lines

The inaugural address OF President
Manuel Avila Camacho in Mexico
was a constructive contribution to
the cause of unity not only within
our southern neighboring republic
but, by that very fact, to the cause
OF hemisphere solidarity and de-
tense.
In a country where, for the past
six years, the capitalist classes have
been under constant pressure-ex-
preparation, threat of appropriation
and enforced compliance with the
demands, some reasonable and some
unreasonable, Of labor - General
Avila Camacho's guarantee comes
with considerable relief for them,
and manifestly reduces the peril OF
violent outbreak against the new ad-
ministration.
President Avila Carnacho promised
that whenever entrepreneurs and
investors comply with the laws, every
legitimate profit they make will be
respected. He promised that those
companies which are willing to work
with constant effort and willing to
risk the dangers any business may
encounter, may count with the guar
antee from our institutions"
That gesture for reconciliation
With business, both domestic and
foreign. h Mexico was coupled
Evening star., 1940-12-03
Last Name

It is an axiom of life that all good
things come to an end, even such a
monumental work as telephone di-
rectory. No matter how optimisti-
cally it starts with the A. A. A.
Abacus Manufacturing Company, it
is sure to close with something like
Zylzewski, Y, grcr., and give him
distinction which helps him in busi-
ness and makes him a more pros
porous grcr. Let us call up Zylze-
wski," say the neighbors, when they
need q can of beans. 1--WE can easily
find his number-it is the last in the
book"
A San Francisco dentist, handi-
capped by a name beginning with D
and apparently debarred for life from
the charmed circle, nevertheless
made 1t. He selected a nom de
forceps hard to beat for finality, and
listed himself as zzylch, z, dntst. But
those who make use Of the sword
often perish by it, and he need not
be surprised if some restless paper
hanger named Abner Abel cuts the
Gordian knot and grabs the favored
spot by doing business under the
name of Zzyzzko, z. e., pprhngr. A
precedent for that sort of thing has
been established by former Austrian
member Of the pprhng trade, who
changed his name and then managed
to upset apple carts In wholesale
1aShion.
Evening star., 1940-12-03
District Suffrage

Senator Capper once more has
shown his deep interest in the vel
fare Of the voteless Washingtonian
by sounding an appeal for early ac-
ton on the question of District suf-
frage by the new Congress that con-
venes next month.
There is force in the Senator's
argument that now, when representa-
tive democratic government has
been banished from so many coun-
tries, the United States, standing on
the side of democracy, should not
continue to keep the residents Of its
own Capital in their present voteless
status.
Even before the advent of modern
dictatorship there was no sound rea-
son for depriving the District of
Columbia of representation in the
Congress which governs it and of
voice in presidential elections. The
present state of world affairs merely
emphasizes the injustice in the local
situation.
There are two reasons why the
Seventy-seventh Congress, which as
sembles January 8, should heed Sem
ator Capper's plea to give the subject
early attention.
First, in a new Congress all pending
resolutions on the subject will have
to be reintroduced and await COM
mittee action again, even though one
of them-the modified Summers res
olution-was reported out Of the
House Judiciary Committee this year.
Second, after Congress has passed
a joint resolution proposing a consti-
tutional amendment, it must await
ratification by the Legislatures of
three -fourths of the States. This
will take time, and If Washingtonians
are to vote in the next presidential
election, no time should be lost by
Congress in taking the preliminary
steps.
Remembering that the Democratic
party wrote District suffrage plank
into its 1910 platform, and that con-
gressional leaders Of both parties
subsequently expressed themselves
favorably on the issue, Washington
has good reason to look hopefully
toward the new Congress for action.
Evening star., 1940-12-03
Lorraine

The Nazi overlords of Germany, 1t
seems, are not altogether sure of
themselves. Again and again they
are reported assuring the world that
their achievements are immutable.
The incorporation of the former
French province of Lorraine into the
Reich, announced on Saturday, offers
an Illustration of the nervousness of
Hitler's associates, if not OF Der
Fuehrer himself. Defying the lesson
of experience, Gauleiter Buerckel,
administrator of the newly estab-
lished Westmark, declares that the
western borders Of the swastika en-
pire have been defined for all time.
Never again." he insists, need wars
be waged for this territory. From
now on the principle is recognized
that only Germans shall dwell within
the reaches Of the German boundary
as far as they extend"
Remembering what has happened
to Bohemians, Slovenes, Poles, Nor
wegians, Danes, Hollanders, Belgians
and others since the beginning of the
current sequel to the struggle Of
1914-1918, the average American will
be skeptical of the pledge implicit in
Herr Buerckels words. His master
not so very long ago talked of having
no further territorial claims In Eu-
rope and boasted of his innocence Of
any wish to quarrel with France. The
promises of Hitler are worthless, and
his instruments confidence that "the
century-old battle for the Rhine now
has been ended" will impress no one
familiar with the chronicle of the
contest to which he refers.
Most of Lorraine, since the earliest
antiquity, has been inhabited by q
population speaking a language Of
Latin origin. These people were
drawn into the French orbit be-
tween 511 and 925, then into the
German until 1897. Louis XIV sub
sequently negotiated an arrangement
whereby his father-in-law, Stanislaus
LeSzczynski, dethroned King of Po-
land, became Duke in succession to
Francis III, husband Of Maria Theresa
of Austria. In 1865 the whole terri
tory and all its residents passed to
the control Of the government at
Paris. Presumably, the sponsors Of
that "settlement" regarded Il - con-
Evening star., 1940-12-03
THIS AND THAT
BIZ Charles Z. Trdceioeu.

with that sharing with others which
makes his everyday reading such pleas
ure to him.
He wants to talk as well as read and
listen, and II he cannot talk intelligently
afterward with his friends about the
music he hears, he either thinks 1t is
not good music, or he puts the blame on
himself.
Now since blaming ourselves is some
thing which no person likes, the natural
thing is for the listener to demand some
system or other which will permit him
to put his reactions to music into words
which both he and others will under
stand.
If this is no more understanding"
music than before, at least 1t fools every
body, and 50 every one is happy.
tHh&
1t is much to the credit Of composers
that they do not often fall for this sleight
of hand.
They steadfastly refuse, in the main,
to try to make novels out OF their COM
positions.
Now and then, however, even a great
composer will have an idea for PRO
gram" piece, that is, a musical compost
ton which can have its musical idea
put down on paper, that is, the program.
Beethoven did this, when, in sunny
mood, he penned his sixth, or Pastoral"
symphony. He left nothing to chance.
Each movement has a simple title, one
which gives the mood Of the compost
ton.
The titles are not elaborate, but they
are explicit.
"Recollections of rural Life" Bee
thoven called it, and went on to give the
movements as follows:
l. Allegro ma non motto. Awakening
of cheerful emotions on arriving in the
country.
II. Andante con moto Scene by the
brook
III. Allegro. Peasants merry-making.
Nv. Allegro. Thunderstorm. Tempest.
v. Allegretto. Shepherds hymn. Happy
and thankful feelings after the storm.
-
Any lterate listener. no matter his
age, can understand all that.
There is none of us who hasn't at
tended picnic, and had thunderstorm
come up, and then have the sun come
out afterward.
So here is composer who tries to
make us think of our own emotions at
such time. He does not, let it be noted,
try to paint a picture of such a picnic.
He simply gives each hearer musical
material for recalling his own under
standing Of such a scene
This Is musical understanding of the
right sort, not the hurdy- y-gurdy sort
which tries to tell us that three thumps
or the tom-tom means three pine trees
We believe that any child, or any
elder. will be completely pleased with
Beethoven's Pastoral symphony.
There was a time few years ago,
when this particular work was some
what looked down upon, but all that is
passed. The records today offer us
several very good versions, one of the
best having just been introduced at the
modest price of s4. We know of no
better introduction to symphonic music.