davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07
WALTER CHIVERS SAYS:

new system of slavery adjusted to
the new laws had a rapid growth
it is called tenant ia! ming. Ten
ant farming was primarily design
ed to do two things to rural Ne
groeS, first was Ito keep them in
their places" and second to make
them produce what was needed for
the ruling classes as cheaply as
possible
In order that these unfortunate
folk would be sure to stay lin their
assigned places of humiliating
servitude" the possession of fertile
land was prohibited them. That is
Negro tenants rarely had. oppor-
tunity to purchase productive land.
Night riders, peonage and even
the laws, in some instances, have
kept these folk working for
shameful incomes"
UNREALISTIC DREAMING
Last summer while listening to
DR.. AIbram Harris, Howard Uni
versity's learned professor OF
Economics, lecture on the. 'World
after the War if Hitler Should be
victorious there was an inclina-
ton on my part to charge him
with unrealiStic dreaming. In
substance he said that Hitler'S
victory plans envisioned a highly
urbanized and industrialized con-
tinental Europe served by Agricul-
turalized Africa. The Africans
world be enslaved in order that
agricultural produce might be
raised cheaply enough to give all
of Hitler's "Aryan" workers in
Europe a high standard of living.
Later in the summer however,
my travels carried me into rural
Arkansas, Tenn, and Georgia.
Harris economic philosophy being
fresh in memory, it is only natural
that it would cause my thinking to
begin to compare what was seen
with Harris line of thought. The
conclusions were most disturbing.
It was impossible not to see that
the tenant enslavement' of Ameri-
can Negroes has more dangerous
implications today that at any
time since their Emancipation
from legal slavery.
AFRAID TO RETURN
1t is more than probable that
thuse Negro leaders who continue
to urge Negroes to return, to the
farm, without furnishing them
leadership and encouragement,
are unsuccessful in their efforts
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07
EDITORIALS
Trade Members
Continued from Page y

cial committee resolution, cloud
of discouragement arises within
the ranks of Negro "crafterS'
whose hopes for crashing the craft
union. discrimination that has
prevailed in the A. F.. of l.. ranks
for years, have been blurred.
This is seen by Negro delegates
to the convention as desire on
the part of the A. F.. of l.. to con-
tinue its policy of discrimination
against Negroes in the upper
brackets of the labor movement,
and some having expressed the
hope that the Committee of In
dustrial Organization may start
organizing craft unions so that Ne
groes in these fields of trades may
be integrated into organized loboE
OTHER RESOLUTIONS
CONSIDERED
The Convention refused to adopt
resolution that would condemn
the exclusion of Negroes from
participating in the white pri-
marieS in the South, but unanim-
ously adopted q resolution to
abolish Poll Tax in eight southern
states
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07

vice, especially
when given by
leaders, The al
ways look to see
if it is stated
w h y Negroes
should return to
the farm. The
result is usually
the same. That
is the f o | k s
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07
AMERICAS SUPER-PATRIOTS

AMERICAS, SUPER-PATRIOTS
A nation that cannot see straight
in times like these need not hope
for great success. If Germany had
such loyal patriots III Germany we
may rest assured that Hitler would
Use them to toe greatest advantage.
The Negroes are this nations on
ly super-patriots and just wheth~
er Our country is going to use them
to the fullest advantage may be
the deciding factor in this coun-
try'S survival as a democracy.
If a nation becomes so morally
unsound as to refuse to use it's best
in the very best way, that nation
is threatened with destruction.
When prejudice is put ahead OF d
nations safety and security we may
listen for that nations swan song.
In other words that nation that
minimizes true patriotism and
magnifies false values cannot hope
to overthrow so powerful a move
ment as Hitlerism.
One of the great disgraces Of
this nation is that conference at
Hampton must be held to decide
how to use the nations most pa
triotic citizens. AS it is, because OF
blood ties with Europe it is hard
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07
Interracial
Commissions

THIS COLUMN is paging inter-
racial commissions, or those organ
izations dedicated to working good
will between the various racial
eroups of Americas great melting
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07

hope for no less opportunity in the
armed forces in 1910 in prepara-
ton of the Battle of Democracy.
than was by their forebears, on
land and sea.
Nothing would lend more color
to your noble Good Neighbor Policy
and cement the imperative friend
ship of all mixed peoples in the
hemisphere.
MAY, we again assure you, Mr..
President, of our abiding faith and
confidence k'hich has ever been
heightened by your Incompatible
craftsmanship from day to day."
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07
CAPITOL COMMENT

answers to the name of Commits
sioner, etc., has just brought in g.
handsome booklet illustrating:
Christmas presents. Why in tar
nation did she have to do that?
Now I gotta make list of folks to
send Xmas cards. Now lets see...
aw. heck, forget it until week be-
fore Xmas. that's time enough.
Fooey.
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07

pot, and asking
that they get
busy. sincerely
It has become
the opinion Of
this pen that
even in this day
OF high and
mighty commu-
nication the ra-
dlo, the tele-
graph, the tele-
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07
NEGROES ARE AFRAID TO
RETURN TO FARM LIFE
Rx WALTER r. CHIVERS

WE'LL, ACCORDING to The
papers Negroes are still being
advised to return to the farm.
When the writer reads such ad
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07
SURVEY NEW FLEET BASE

KINGSTON. Jamaica-(C)- An
American Survey began work No
vember 25th charting the waters
and approaches of Portland Blight,
which is to serve as a new United
States Fleet base in Jamaica. The
Survey group consists of Lieut.. H.
Warick for hydraulic engineers
and fourteen others.
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07
By ROBERT nj. RADCLIFFE

ATLANTA, Ga.-(SNS)- - nyh q
HIS ONE AMBITION WAS to go to Europe W men d
young man. toured the states and saw most Oh "a'
there is to be of country.
While hopping around from city to city, ne mace d
decent living selling bottles of medicine and cans of sas
which ho made himself
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07

And now that President Roose-
welt has signed the Ramspeck bill,
blanketing into service all of the
bureau workers formerly not un-
der civil service. it will take four
years to accomplish the feat Q.
Watch out for tricks in the selec-
ton of Negroes to function in this
blanketing in.
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07

The PHOENIX INDEX is connected
faction shall at all times, regardless
lions present the completely impaaly hatred
All news matter coming this should be in office Sun
day later M. appear
current issue. News
Of the sheet otherwise rights
TO alter all
same is paid for.
Make all orders payable the INDEX 1914 Monroe
Street All articles must be signed by contributors they
will not be published.
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07
By AL WHITE

WASHINGTON, D. CLAMP
During our absence from the city
over the week end, death came to
William H. Carter, retired govern
ment worker, who conducted a real
estate business from the suite
where we have our offices. Mr..
Carter, fellow Richmonder, was
brother to James T. Garter, presl-
dent of the Southern Aid Society
of Richmond and we'll known in
his adopted city where he had lived
for nearly so years. We will miss
Mr.. Carter and his stories Of Rich
mond and Washington of bygone
days.
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07

What did Speaker Rayburn mean
when he said the members OF con-
gress could go home and rest-that
when they were needed, he would
call them? Humph. Showing that
they have little regard for leader
ship and so forth, both the senate
md the house passed bill which
the administration didn't like so
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07

And another grand old character
passed in the person of Master
Sergeant George H. Wanton, the
only Negro holder of the Congress
sional Medal of Honor. His in
terment was in the Arlington Ma
tional cemetery.
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07

Thanksgiving visitors to WASH
ington were disappointed in that
Howard-Lincoln affair The
University of Chicago showed the
way and now Howard seems to be
accomplishing football-in fact,
they are debating it.
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07

Having just returned from New
York where she was attending a
three day conference, Miss Doro-
thy Height of the Phyllis Wheat
lev YWCA experiences a real SEN
sation next week when she makes
her first trip to the deep South to
attend the National Student "Y"
conference in Nashville.
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07

Newspapers this week had
plenty on the Hampton conference
where we talked with James A.
Billboard Jackson and to our
amazement though we should
have known better, learned that
Billboard has travelled over two
million miles. visited l9 foreign
countries and 1870 towns in his
perambulations. Some travelling.
we'll say.
The eastern Seaboard swan
merrily through the heavy rains
Monday. which did no one any
good, so it seems.
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07

Mrs. Frye here in the Office, who
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07

Charles E. Hall, talking on the
corner of 18th and You Sts., with
Bill Reid. who is one of the better
known stewards handling private
cars only.
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07

Washington was twice blessed
this week when charming Eta
Moten visited in town ell route to
filling two concert engagements
one in Alliquippa, Pa, and the
other in Franklin. Va.
Gen. Hugh Johnson. old IRON
pants himself. sneaks into a shell
in his column. apologizing to Steve
Early and taking blast at over
officious cops, etc, etc. I wonder
While ] am trying to round out
this trivia. nv friend standing by
is talking to himself. but in Ger
man for no reason at all.
Assistant Agency Director Nick
ems of the victory Mutual Life IN
su"ance company of New York is
visiting In the capital but will be
back IN Gotham when this reaches
your hands.
The seasonable flurrv ~ TnnceS
has ended ~" tlC town settles
DO" take Christmas in stride
We hope.
Three things to remember. buy
early. mail early. and don't forget
the Tuskegee Christmas Toy fund.
Signirtr off until the next
spaSm AdioS.
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07

How long vii! Americas finest pa
triots famish with hunger while its
enemies enjoy it's richest opportun-
tiles?
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07
Negro Air

Continued from Page y
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07
AFRAID TO RETURN

1t is more than probable that
those Negro leaders who continue
to urge Negroes to return. to the
farm, without furnishing them
leadership and encouragement,
are unsuccessful in their efforts
The Phoenix index., 1940-12-07

Three things to remember. buy
earlv. mail early. and don't forget
the Tuskegee Christmas Toy fund.
Evening star., 1940-06-23

the delegation and the French cab
met in Bordeaux.
He said then that he was about to
perform duty that was extremely
hard" for soldier but one that was
nevertheless necessary.
France, he went on, ''has the right
to expect that further negotiations
with Germany will be carried on in a
spirit enabling these two great
neighbors to live and work"
just about 81 hours had passed
from the time Gen. Keitel rose
stiff1y in the Foch car to read the
armistice terms preamble in Hit
ler's presence yesterday.
The French commission had left
the car at 4::25 pm. for a last
conversation by telephone with their
government.
Honor Dead of Both.
AS the brief final ceremony con-
cluded in the ancient railway car
members of the two commissions
rose and stood at attention to honor
the war dead of both sides.
I'VE must fill heavy duty and
rise from our places to honor French
and German soldiers who fell in
battle" German spokesman said
Announcement Of the French
capitulation over German radios
brought patriotic outbursts in many
restaurants and other public gather
ings.
Before I was returned to Berlin
today from Compiegne the activity
of the weary French delegation was
centered in their tent near the Foch
car. About 200 feet from that tent
there was portable telegraph sta
ton available to them for COM
municating with their government.
One depressing thought among
the French negotiators was the
realization that the historic car,
where they sat talking with Gen.
Keitel and his assistants, would
soon be French property no longer
it is to be taken to Berlin as a
war trophy as also is the monument
commemorating the 1918 armistice.
According to everything I could
gather, Gen. Huntziger is the sort
Of person who could be relied upon
to bring about such slight modifica-
tions of the German terms as was
possible. He realized, however, that
the cards were stacked against him.
Notifications Discussed.
That slight notifications had been
under discussion l gathered from
one little observation. Suddenly a
high officers car came dashing up.
Gen. Keitel emerged from it and
had seen him only half hour pre-
viously in the railway coach. 1t
was evident that he had been to
consult Hitler and it seemed equally
evident that Hitler was staying
somewhere quite close.
No less revealing was the fact
that Gen. Keitel was accompanied
by DR.. Friedrich Wilhelm Gauss,
the legal expert of the German for
eign office. This man has helped
with the formulation of more Ger
man legal documents of interna-
Evening star., 1940-06-23

took 34.3 per cent of an export trade
valued at 5000, 800 900 milreis, about
$2S5 100000. This makes Brazil by
far the biggest exporter in South
America. Germany in 1898 took
19.1 per cent of Brazils exports,
England 8.8, France ga, the Neither
lands ~, Belgium Luxembourg So,
Sweden. 81, Italy. 81.
In other words, Brazil in 1898
sold more goods to the European
continental countries who now de-
pend on Germany for economic die
tation than she did to the United
States.
Colombia Is Coffee Country.
Colombia is another coffee coun-
try. More than half her exports
are the friendly brown bean. 1t
ships a lot of petroleum, gold, some
bananas, cattle hides. platinum and
tobacco. The United States had 5l2
per cent of this export business in
1888. Germany had .l7.3, England
1913, France, "a, Czecho-Slovakia
1.6, Sweden IA, Belgium and Lux
embourg l.2, Switzerland 12, Italy
IL. Colombia is one country of
major size where Germany did not
have pre-war large-scale economic
interest. Her 1888 exports were
valued at 8,637 900 pesos, or about
$4,000. 1000.
For Costa Rica, 845 per cent of
her 1888 exports consisted of coffee,
bananas and cocoa. The United
States took 456 per cent of all
their value, England got 24,4, Ger
many 1872, The Netherlands 2.1,
France IL. Cuban sugar makes up
more than half of Cubas exports,
and the United States takes 10 per
cent of those exports. Ecuador's
chief exports are cocoa, 305 per
cent by value: coffee, IS; petroleum,
1874; cyanide precipitates, ia;
tagua, Ill; hats, 40; bananas, "a:
rubber, 2.5. This trade is almost
equally divided, on the 1888 basis,
between the United States. 34.6 per
cent, and the Germanicized conti-
nent. 349 per cent.
U. S. Buys Salvador's Coffee.
In Ell Salvador, coffee represents
81 per cent of the exports, and the
United States takes 6l.8 per cent of
the exports. Coffee, too, is Guate-
mala's chief crop, although bananas
are forging ahead, and the United
States takes 50 per cent of the ex-
ports. Germany IA. Haiti is another
coffee exporter, coffee bringing in
more money than all the other ex-
ports together-cotton, raw sugar
sisal. bananas and cocoa. Bananas
account for more than half of
Honduras exports and the United
States buys 1873 per cent of the
exports.
The United States takes ST per
cent of Mexico's exports. Silver is
the principal export, about third
of all, and the United States pays
big, pegged price for silver.
Nicaragua is primarily a coffee and
gold exporter. The United States
takes 81 per cent, Germany a.
Panama is banana shipper, and
the United States takes 81 per cent
of her exports. Peru's chief exports
are crude petroleum, almost quar-
ter of the whole; cotton, copper bars
and petroleum derivatives. In 1898
the United States took 268 per cent
of the export value, England 20
per cent.
Evening star., 1940-06-23
Legal Point Prevents
Sponiord's S Deportation
A. P. Wirephoto.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, June 22-Federal
Judge Edward A. Conger ruled today
that Richard Casado, 27-year -old
Spaniard. formerly of Detroit, could
not be deported because a 1896 con-
viction on robbery charge, on
which the action was based, had
been set aside.
Since the Detroit Recorders Court
had permitted the defendant to
plead guilty to the crime for which
he received a probationary sentence
he Is no longer subject to deporta-
tlon." Judge Conger said in granting
habeas corpus writ.
Casado had been detained at Ellis
Island since last year. His deporta-
ton, ordered in 1896, was held in
allegiance until last August due to
the Spanish civil war. In the
interim he married an American
citizen and has a child by that
marriage.
Evening star., 1940-06-23
Berlin
Continued From First Page.)

NSOIlllIlucO TIUIH FlISJ Fdkc.p
slaughtered because there is no Ship
ping space to bring in feed for them.
The communique said Is enemy
planes were brought down June 81,
some in the air and some on the
ground. Shipping totaling 1886
tons was destroyed by submarines in
addition to the sinking of an English
transport Of IL 900 tons.
100000 Surrender.
The high command tonight an
nounced that 50O 900 French soldiers
had surrendered in Alsace-Lorraine
The high command announced
also that more than 100000 prisoners
were taken in the Lorraine-Vosges
sectors alone, and that 260 planes on
various air fields were seized. Four
French submarines were seized in lie
Havre harbor.
Prisoners included high ranking
naval and military officers.
The air raids over England were
reported as particularly successful
at Bellingham. a Northumberland
armaments center, and along the
Thames and Humber Rivers, where
oil storage tanks were fired.
Evening star., 1940-06-23
Armistice
Continued From First Page.)

think about that when they have to
present guarantees to victorious
Germany"
A special German wireless pro-
gram bringing to Berlin the signing
of the peace at Compiegne closed
with these challenging words:
THE battle goes on against Eng
land"
Just before signing the treaty
Gen. Huntziger, the defeated
French Army leader, spoke briefly
and solemnly. He explained that
the delay in the French decision to
sign-the negotiations lasted more
than "a hours-was due partly to a
poor telephone connection between
Evening star., 1940-06-23

tional importance than almost any
other man living.
Symbolically, perhaps, the road
leading out from the beautiful SUM-
bathed Compiegne Armistice Me-
mortal Compound led past sections
OF the forest where lay the bodies Of
the dead-past guns, munitions and
personal effects hastily abandoned
by the French.
Evening star., 1940-06-23
Carol Urges People
To Sacrifice Selves
For States Interest
Calls on All Rumanions
To Revise Attitude to
Conform to New Party

By the Associated Press.
BUCHAREST, June %. - King
Carol called upon Rumanians today
to "revise their entire mental atti-
tude" to conform to the new Naz-
patterned totalitarian party into
whose hands the government has
been placed.
It's aim, the King said in a radio
address, will be to put aside per-
sonal interests and aspirations In
the interest Of the state
"No one must any longer think
about himself, but only Of Ruman-
ian national interests" Carol said.
Its typical obligations are imposed
on all Rumianians-they must work,
struggle, renounce all personal in
terests and sacrifice themselves to
the new ideals Of the people"
The King said he created the
party with the conviction that I
have succeeded in realizing a totali-
tartan union which is so essential
now, for no one knows what the
future holds in store for u.s.
II am sure I am doing my duty
toward my country and in the
realization that all political factors
will consent to work under the di-
rect leadership Of him who has the
Rumanian destiny In his hands"
The speech was preceded by a
royal decree granting pardon to all
who were charged with political
crimes, or fled abroad.
This was regarded as a conces-
sion to the pro-Nazi Iron Guardists
who fled after the assassination of
Evening star., 1940-06-23
All French Refineries
Are Reported Useless
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, June 22.-All re-
flneries in France have been de-
stroyed or so seriously damaged
under direction of French military
authorities as to render them useless
until rebuilt, the Oil and Gas Jour-
nal, trade publication, said today.
Virtually all French petroleum
stocks also were removed or de-
stroyed prior to the German occupa-
ton, the publication added.
Evening star., 1940-06-23
Premier Armand Caunescu last year
by members Of their organization.
Premier Of Yugosiovio
Plans Nozi Reforms

BELGRADE, Yugoslavia, June "a
R-Premier Dragisha Cvetkovich
IN an interview with DNB, the Ger.
man official news agency, said to-
day important reforms in labor and
social policies would be introduced
soon.
He indicated they would be along
Nazi lines.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1940-01-10
PATTERN 9276

SnictwaisterS arc still fashion
ueadlmcrS and this Marian
Martin style really makes news. It
;htcc-pjec". troHl-panelled skirt has
80 SIDE SEAMS. \ wonderful
'i,N2-$aver. Pattern 9276 is 50 flat
tcrine. whether you wear Z "Sllp-oI-
o-girr' II OF graciously mature
=. The bodice is nicely blouSed,
with front darts beneath the all
around yoke. Make SClt-tt.brlc
oclt Or buy gaUdy one and match
il with bright buttons. See what IN
attractive dinner gown this style
makes with the skirt long and The
sleeves Wri>t-length and full. An
other gay idea is a contrasting ;op
ard skirt >trikjngiy ettectlve
Pattern 9276 may DC ordered only
IN misses and Women'S sizes II, Is.
IS. %. 80. 81 Sc. SO, 10. ~ and II.
Sire Is requires / 5-8 yards 80
inch.
send FIFTEEN CENTS in coins
or this MARIAN MARTIN pattern
Re sure to write plainly your SIZE
NAME. ADDRESS, and STYLE
NUMBER.
Send yoUr order to Henderson
Daily Dispatch. Pattern Department.
7:22 w. 18Th St. New York. N. Y.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1940-01-10
Brides HOnOred At
Hill Club Meeting

Mrs. John Hughes, Jr. was hostess
to the H-Lo Bridge club when il
met at the Little Hotel Monday even
ing It 8 o'clock. honoring two Of its
members. Miss Sally Hight and MIS-
George Cow.
Miss Hight, Il bYidc-clcct of this
month, was presented Il cold meat
fork in acr pattern Oi silver by the
club. and Mrs. Cow, who was re-
Gently married. WAS presented cop
per lustre after dinner coffee cups
by the club members.
The high score lor the evening
Miss Adele Powell, WAS awarded
stationary a. her prize Mir. Sidney
Stevenson. .Jr. Won low score prize
In the latter part Of tine evening
mince meat ice cream pie, with cci-
fee and nuts, WAS served to TIE
guests.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1940-01-10
Missionary Meeting
With Mrs. Woodliet

The Woman'S Missionary Society
Of White Memorial Methodist church
met al the home Of Mrs. Il. c. Wood-
lief Sunday afternoon at O'CLOCK,
with ii very good attendance. The
!y% president, Mrs. Matte Cox, pre-
Idea over the meeting, and con-
Quoted the dovot"n>.
lac luDr. winch dealt with the
life of Belle Bennett, great pioneer
II missions. was N charge Of Mrs.
%nnic AySCu@, program chairman
"nr the new year.
The USUAL routine of business was
transacted and III" moctin" closed
With an inspiring tall: by the retir-
ing president, Ms. {. S. CaIiett, vine
thanked the members for their CO.
operation and urged them +" supper;
the new president in every pc sale
way and Cndcav"r 20 RIO tho "r"n'
work this year. Mrs. NJ. T. Jessup
offered the closing prayer.