davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-05-13
Baltic One Of KEYS to War

There remains the question Of
summer transport. With the OPEN
ing Of the Gulf of Bothnia this
month, the Baltic water route Is
free.
Yet there Is this point: The Baltic
Is shallow compared to other seas
Of its size. The average depth il
less than $50 feet, and 1t is possible
to anchor mines where 4 sea Is not
very deep. Some work along this
line was reported done soon after
the German invasion OF Norway.
Mines can be laid by submarines
and airplanes, as well as by ordinary.
ine-laying ships. It Is likely that
Germany will have q hard time
keeping the Baltic free for summer
use.
., rC5 1er tr.ys, q senersl interest section
II you want . free copy Of the
leai1et entitled "Backsreund Of
European War" send me . s.
cant stamped, self addressed en-
velope In care Of The Evening
Star.
1~eA Rad
Tomorrow: The North Sea.
Evening star., 1940-05-13

Answer to puzzle for May IL: A
game Of tennis:
Evening star., 1940-05-13
Points for Porents
BY EDYTH THO

Whether q child learns caution or
fear depends largely upon the man.
ner in 1Dhich mother meets a situa-
tiOn.
Evening star., 1940-05-13

are blacked In to form q sentence.
Words may be spelled in any
straight-line direction: Up, down,
right, left or diagonally. For in
stance, the first two words In the
sentence to be found today appear in
the upper left hand corner. (Now
you)
The sentence is supposed to be q
telegram from a sausage manufac-
turer to the head Of his research de-
partment. Look out for Nothing
1T means exactly what It says.
Write your solution in Q 12-word
telegram below:
Answer tomorrow.
Evening star., 1940-05-13
Modern Puzzles
BY GERALD L. KAUFMAN,
Dionogrom Pattern No. 2

Here is another dianagram of the
type that makes patterns instead Of
block letters when certain words
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-07-02

huge quantities Of water into the
cells. The ~caissons settled until
the cutting edges pierced the bot
tom Of the Narrows. This, how
ever, did not end maneuvers.
More water was forced into the
cells until they were full and the
dead weight of the pier rested on
the bottom OF the Narrowa.
A crane wa next pressed into
service. removing floor section
wedges which exposed earth. A
clansholl bucket was lowered into
each cell and excavation started.
As result, a hols was dug under
the pier and the cutting edges of
the caisson whitfield down the
sides. allowing the pier to settle
into the hole.
Piers were built up al the top an
the caisson burrowed down. exca-
waiting operations hating while
framework. sheathing and new
forms err placed.
Filled with Concrete
Those who followed eonstrue-
ton will recall that after the sink.
ing of the piers was complete.
each cell was filled with 20 feet
of concrete. which sealed the Gals
son at the bottom. Then the tops
Of the piers were capped with an
overhanging block Of reinforced
concrete.
To give one an idea of the Inn
mensity Of the piers. II Is proper
TO disclose that the west pier
weighs Approximately 104, 900. 900
pounds, while the east pier, II
placed on mammoth scales, would
touch 130, 900 900 pounds.
Water depth where the piers
were sunk is 12D feet. Penetration
into the bottom of the Narrows Is
b5 feet for the west pier and los
feet for the east pier.
To emphasize the Importance of
the engineering frat accomplished
In construction of the piers n has
10 but take into consideration that
they support more than $4,000
tons. This includes two suspension
towers. each weighing 1,e27 tons,
with the total suspended weight
Approximately 1i,2b0 tons.
Garry Huge Cables
At the top of the two bridge
towers. which rise 42b feet above
the water, are saddles. built 10
carry the huge suspension cables,
which ware spun from No. 8 par
allel wires formed into 10 individ-
ual strands. Engineers revealed
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-07-02

that each strand contains 332
wires, with each complete cable
having n total of sos wires.
The wires were strung back and
forth across the Narrows from the
shore anchorage on one aide. over
the two towers. to the shore IN
chorage on the other side.
To take care Of the tension
caused by the loaded cables. mas
sive shore anchorages WIRE neces-
sary. Each consists of a block of
concrete containing $4,000 cubic
yards and weigh roughly 81 1000
tons.
Embedded deep In these concrete
anchors. engineers disclosed, are
two sets of cable connections. each
with 10 eve bars extending toward
the piers and connecting with the
ID strands of each cable.
Dream Come True
An imposing sight Is the shore
suspension spans from the towers
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-07-02
Bridge Has
Points
Features Set Spon
Apart From Others

There arc SIX principal points
of construction which distinguish
Tacoma Narrows bridge from
others of its kind.
They are.
THE construction Of two piers
! in 40 feet Of water moving
with q maximum velocity Of 81
miles per hour. One OF these
piers Is founded IT'S feet below the
surface of the water and the other
224 feet. These piers were eon-
structed by what is known as the
bottom door eaisson method.
o-The use of an anchorage sys-
4 tenn for the cHissons consist
ing OF large 60o-ton concrete
blocks dumped from the surface.
This was an unique solution of
the anchorage problem.
9-The use of = central span OF
, $500 lineal feet making 1t the
third longest In the world, n Iirst
being the Golden Gate bridge OF
San Francisco with a central span
of 4.2o0 feet. and the second. the
George Washington bridge in New
York with a central span Of $500
feet.
1.-The relatively nsrrowest bridge
yet to he constructed. the
width to span ratio being u The
Golden Gate is the second narrow
est. its similar ratio being 45.
c-The use of welded steel details
for the main cable saddles and
the suspender bands in place of
the usual cast steel details. This
is the first structure of its kind on
which welded details have been
used and their use marks what Is
considered to be a distinct advance
in suspension bridge construction.
1.-THE construction of this bridge
" in an elapsed time of eighteen
months. Under ordinary condi-
tons this time would have been at
least double.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-07-02
Bridge Will
Aid Entire
State

The entire state Of Warrington
has an interest In the opening OF
the magnificent new Tacoma Mar.
rows bridge that win make a vast
portion Of the state more accss-
sihle TO the metropolitan centers.
The bridge brings closer to the
centers Of population and closer TO
the usually travelled highways the
great Olympic peninsula with its
enormous potential wealth., It's
scenic beauties and its famed va
cation resorts. 1t makes a direct
connection between the two large
national parks of the state, the
much visited Mount Rainier Ma
tionai park and the newer. more
wildly majestic Olympic National
park. with Tacoma lying hall way
between.
Washington will receive its
share ~ tourists this year. which
experts believe will be the greatest
American travel year Of all time.
with the thousands who annually
visit Mount Rainier, the number
win ~ augmented by the increase
due 10 the European war. Many
Of thane win ~ induced 70 visit
The psninsula because Of the easier
way q reaching It via the Tacoma
Narrows bridge. This means tour
ists win stay longer in the state
spending noFe money here.
X nas heen said the longer one
stayu n Warrington. the harder Il
= ~ thna - leave, consequently
tn eponing Of this bridge may
mean ! greater permanent Popu'
latioa for the state.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-07-02

To the shore anehorages. Each
shore suspension span has a hori-
zontal length of 100 feet. The
center span height above the water
Is i9b feet. The distance between
the deep water piers is 400 feet.
Thanked on each side by five
foot sidewalks for pedestrians is
the 2s-foot roadway for III or
vehicles.
Last tn he constructed WAS an
extensive observation and tell
plaza on the Tacoma end of the
bridge. Elevation Is high enough
to permit a survey of the entire
Narrows.
Many years ago a bridge acros
the Narrows was a dream. Today
II Is a realization
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-07-02
Completion Of Narrows
Bridge Engineering Feat
Obstacles OF Construction Overcome
Through Poinstoking Core And Plons

Construction of the s6.4 600 Tacoma Narrows bridge
during the past year and a half was not only the center of
interest for a wide circle Of local residents and tourists, but
intrigued many an engineer who watched with fascination
the obstacles overcome as the giant span took form and even
fualy was completed to become one Of the wonders of the
Pacific Northwest.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-07-02

Suspension span of Tacoms Mar
rows bridge is 1000 feet in
length. The center suspension
span ID 1900 feet, while the shore
suepension spans are each Lice
eest u length.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-07-02
BRIDGE TOWERS

Height of towers above piers on
Tacoma Narrows bridge is AIS
feet. Weight of each tower is
1,a27 tons.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-07-02

To the layman, construction was
equally fascinating, but the un-
usual principles employed by bridge
engineers escaped the eyes Of the
casual observer.
Completed, the layman was
swed by the disclosure Tacoma
Narrows bridge has the third larg-
est center span IN the world. To
the man In the bridge construction
profession. this liz worth noting,
but the completed project Is that
which captivatcs him. The knowl-
edge tina, another achievement has
been recorded for history in the
engineering world.
or utmost interest was the prin-
ciple employed in sinking the two
giant piers for the imposing span.
Record Surpassed
False bottom caissons wcre used
In construction, as have been
utilized In the past. But oaissons
for Tacoma Narrows bridge wcre
submerged In water twice the dis
fance Of the record Of so feet estab-
lished In previous construction
work.
The same shape as the piers,
caissons Q equipped with steel
cutting edges and floated into po-
sition. In the bottom of each Gals
son was built a watertight floor In
rectangular. removable sections
Held in place by wedged members
equipped with cable loops. and so
arranged that the wedges could be
pulled out. the sections e re-
moved at the correct time.
1t was necessary to use anchors
TO hold the caissons In proper po-
sition because Of the swift tides OF
the Narrows. Mammoth blocks OF
concrete, each weighing approxi-
mately 600 tons, were dumped 10
the bottom of Puget Sound and
anchored to the ~caissons.
with this completed. pier con-
~struction was by inside vertical
cells. Following this cellular DE-
sign. reinforcing steel and remov-
able forms placed and con
crrte poured into each cell the
caisson gradually sinking as heavy
concrete was added.
Pouring Resumed
Pouring ceased when the Gals
soma were submerged almost TO
their tops. Another section OF
framework and watertight timber
sheating was built on. Anchor lines
YER moved up, forms were re-
placed, the pouring Of concrete re-
sumed.
II vas not until the submerged
portions nearsd the bottom that
workmen ceased pouring Of con-
crete.
One Of the most difficult sngi-
neering fssts Was perfected In the
actual landing Of the piers. Before
this was accomplished, however,
engineers spent many painstakins
hours drafting plans for the under
taking. -,
Engineering crews, oufiitteo
with portable radios, were placed
at various distant points, The radio
enabled them to keep In direo'
communication with the piers and
by A method of ~tsianrnlation, tne
piers were d~eSterouslv nronfn'
into proper position during the
abort interval of slack low tide.
Water Forced In
with this step completed, work
men sprang into action, pumping
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-07-02
LONG BRIDGE

Total structure length of Taco
ma Narrows bridge is 5000 feet.
Evening star., 1940-11-10
Methodist Women
Elect Officers for
New Society
Mrs. J. Luther Neff
Named President
OF District Group

Mrs. j. Luther Neff, 373s JenifA
street NV, has been elected presi-
dent of the new Woman's Society
of Christian Service of the WASH
ington West District, Baltimore Con-
ference Of the Methodist Church,
it was announced yesterday. Mrs.
Neff is the wife Of the pastor OF
Wesley Methodist Church.
Workers from 53 woman's- socie-
ties Of the District, meeting Friday
at Woodside Methodist Church, Sill
yer Spring, Md, also elected Mrs.
Samuel Mcintosh, Foundry Meth
odist Church, vice president; Mrs.
Leo H. Paulger, Foundry, cor
responding secretary; Mrs. John H.
Ray, Emory, recording secretary, and
Miss Charlotte Seaton, st. Paul's,
treasurer.
Special secretaries elected we're
Mrs. John Shower, Foundry, mis-
sionary education; Mrs. G. Ellis Will
liams, missionary education; Mrs.
Robin Gould, Christian social rela-
tions; Mrs. William H. Harrison,
Georgetown, local church activities;
Mrs. Harry A. Havens, Hamline,
literature and publications; Mrs. T.
F. Law, Hamline, Wesleyan Service
Guild; Mrs. r. c. Briggs, st. Paul's,
supplies, and Mrs. Carl z. Paulsen,
Bethesda, student work.
Evening star., 1940-11-10
Food Prices in District
Drop During October

Retail food costs in the District
of Columbia declined IL per cent
between mid-September and mid
October, Commissioner Lubin of the
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported
yesterday. Eggs, dairy products and
fats and oil advanced. but other
items in the housewives food budg-
ct were lower.
For the country as a whole, retail
food costs dropped per cent during
the month. "A reduction in prices of
meats, a general decline of a sea-
sonal nature for fruits and vege-
tables, together with lower prices
for bread in the New England and
New York areas, were responsible
for this decline" Commissioner Lu-
bin said. Preliminary reports indi-
cate a further reduction since Octo-
Der IS in the retail prices of beef.
This is following the general down
ward movement in the wholesale
market.
The bureaus index of retail food
costs for mid-October was 962 per
cent of the 1935-1939 average, and is
IA per cent lower than in October
year ago.
Average food costs declined during
the month in 38 cities. Twelve re-
ported increases, and in one there
was no change. Cleveland reported
the largest decrease, 81 per cent.
Evening star., 1940-11-10
Gen. Marshall Grafified
By Latin Officers Visit

Gen. George c. Marshall, Chief OF
Staff OF the Army, said yesterday
that the recent visit of military rep
resentatives from 20 Latin Ameri-
can countries had undoubtedly been
an invaluable contribution toward
the realization of a united front for
the defense of all nations of the
Western Hemisphere"
The Latin Americans, most of
them chiefs of staff of their respec-
tive countries, came to the United
States at the invitation of Gen. Mar
shall in the interests of Western
Hemisphere solidarity. This hope
was expressed to them by President
Roosevelt, the Secretaries of War
and Navy ant other high admins
tration officials who welcomed them
on their visits.
Under the guidance of Army off,
GERS, they saw American national
defense efforts at first hand.
The visit was one of mutual ben
ettS," Gen. Marshall said in a for
NAL statement. Our guests were
given an opportunity to make an
intimate first-hand inspection of our
military setup. and we were afforded
the privilege of establishing personal
and enduring friendships with
brothers in the military profession"
Gen. Marshall said no effort was
made to provide the Latin American
officers with spectacular military
displays.
The primary purpose was to give
them a clear-cut picture of the
United States Army at work and
the extent Of the enormous defense
program, which we are now under
taking" he added.
Evening star., 1940-11-10
! SALE! LOVELY DECORATOR DRAPERIES
!, at $12>4OO!
to Sell for S7.95 eNI uU
In 9 Styles! .okoD

GROUP ]: Includes one Of the seasons sue.
cesses. "Gronite," which describes the interest
ing texture Of the print; includes a royon foiI|e
dropey oIso hos spreads and vonity skirts to
notch. Mostly fIoroIs. All ore 234 yards long,
100 inches wide to poir, except the foi!Ie, which
is 211x74".
The Palas1 Royal, Drateries :. :. Second Floor
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-02-10
First National
Erecting Super
Market Building

A new super market will be
erected soon at the intersection
of Watertown avenue and Bum
ker Hill avenue, it was learned
today. The construction cost
will be in the neighbOrhoOd of
$4,000.
The market is to be operated
by the First National Stores.
Inc. Tie building VIII be Of
stone and brick construction,
and will have an unusually
large f1oor-space. The frontage
will be more than Al feet, and
the building will be apprOxi-
mately las feet deep. A large
parking area will be established
in the rear of the building.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-02-10
Fathers-SOns

Parents were guests of their
sons at q diversified meeting of
Troop 40, Boy Scouts of the Bles-
sed Sacrament Church, last even
ing in the parish hall. Scout Elk
ecutive David Babson, Attorney
j. Gregory Lynch, John Phelan
and Louis A. Walsh were the
speakers.
Martin Mcdonald and Bill Ri
naldi staged a th=ee-round boxing
bout which provided more action
than the main 60 Of the pro card
at Buckingham hall. The use of
the saber was cleverly demonstra-
ted by Scout Robert Walker, as
sisted by Scout Michael O'Rourke.
Accordion selections were CIV
en- by scout John Vilano.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-02-10
Net Of u. S. Rubber
Rises To $1O,218,849
1899 Earrings Equal to $3.lS Common Share After
So Dividend on Preferred

not including the Fisk Rubber Cor
poration. This is an increase of
$40, ,091, or 26 per cent, over the
'ume for 1888, and larger than
any year since 1927.
Taxes Totaled $18,246,232
Direct taxes totaling $18,246,232
were charged against operations
during the year, including $9,587,-
512 of federal excise tax on tires
and tubes, $2,379,862 of federal in
come taxes and $2,186,751 of social
security taxes.
The balance sheet of the company
and its subsidiaries, as of Dec. 81,
1889, shows current assets of $685.
219,898 incirding $14,426,772 cash
and $60,978,436 inventories, while
current liabilities were $30,710,116.
At the end Of 1899 current assets
amounted to $89, 939 ,698, of which
cash was $16574,581 and inven-
tories were $50, ,226; current LA
bilities stood at $23 1862, 486. The
consolidated earned surplus on Dec.
81, 1889, was $5,926,493. Capital
surplus on Jan. /, 1899, was $1l,-
229,616 and at the end of last year
totaled $14,691 ,480.
Although the consolidated balance
sheet includes the assets acquired
and the liabilities assumed from the
Fisk Rubber Corporation on Dec
30, 1889, no Fisk income is included
in the consolidated income state
ment for the year. The company
purchased tn, assets of the Fisk
Rubber Corporation on Dec. 30,
1899.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-02-10
BY MURRAY M. MOLER
United Press Staff Correspondent


Salt Lake City, Utah, Feb. 10 (UP)
ON February 10, 25-year-old John
Markham Is scheduled to walk from
his cell in the Utah prisons con-
demned row, cross a narrow gravelet
square, take a seat against the
prisons high stone wall, facing five
crack riflemen, and pay the extreme
penalty for killing an aged man in a
$40 robbery.
A district court jury convicted
Markham of first degree murder In
the death of j. G. Smith, 73-year-
old proprietor of a lunch stand IN
the building where the youth had
been employed as porter.
The jury recommended life i'm
prisonment, the penalty asked by
Markham's counsel, which had adj
mitted the defendants guilt but
commended his mentality was below
normal.
But Judge Oscar w. McConkie
over-ruled the jury's Recommended
ton, exercising his legal right to do
so, and condemned Markham to be
executed by gunfire, declaring you
shall, on the 9th day Of March, 1910
be shot until you are dead"
Choice Left to Judge
Before passing sentence, McCon-
kie had given Markham his choice,
under Utah's unique capital punish
ment statute, Of going to his death
on the gallows or before firing
squad.
Markham, dismayed at the judges
disregard of the Jury recommends
ton, had replied, II make no choice
II don't care Just so. you're salts
fed"
Attorneys said Markham's only
hope of escaping death lay with
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-02-10
DRUNKEN DRIVERS
FACE PENALTIES
No Leniency to Be Ex=
pected If Guilty, Warns
Judge Gaffney

Warning that drinking and reck-
less drivers will be dealt with severe
ly was given in city court today by
Judge John L. Gaffney.
Severe penalties will be imposed
I'M the cases Of those driving under
the influence of liquor" the court
said. ut has to be made clear to
these drivers that they cannot OPP
crate automobiles in that condition.
It's bad enough thai we have so
many drivers, not under the inf1u-
ence, who get reckless when they're
behind the wheel"
Judge Gaffney RENTED SIS of a
fine of 500 and costs imposed last
August on Moses Plouffe, of Chesh-
ire, who pleaded guilty at the time
to a charge of driving while under
the influence. Attorney Michael CT
ano, in an eloquent plea, told the
court that 1t was the accused's first
arrest, that he bore a high reputa-
ton and that the 500 penalty would
tax him severely.
The court RENTED the SITS with
the comment: Let us hope he has
learned his lesson in the meantime"
A continuance to the 10th was
given Hans tungsten, %, of Shelton,
charged with a motor vehicle law
violation.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-02-10

Markham was stunned for several
hours and when taken to the prisons
condemned row he could only say,
Il got a bum deal from the judge
Married and the father of two
children, Markham was on parole
from the Utah prison where he had
been serving a short sentence for
burglary. His criminal record also
included two commitments to the
state industrial school.
Few Choose GallOws
Since 1855, there have been SO
persons executed in Utah state and
territory. Five have chosen hanging,
28-the last John Deering, executed
ON Oct. 81, 1938-have selected the
quick death" of the firing squad.
In actual charge of the execution
will be Sheriff s. Grant Young of
Salt Lake county because the Utah
law provides the sheriff of the
county where the crime was COM
mitted should carry out the SEN
tence. Until few minutes before
execution time, Markham will re-
main in custody Of Warden Owen
Nebeker of the state prison.
The five marksman who, armed
with previously unfired rifles. will
shield themselves behind canvass
shrouded door and fire at the con-
demned man, will be selected by
Young.
Identity Of the executioners will
be secret. Four Of the rifles will be
loaded with steel-jacketed bullets.
The fifth-but none will know which
will be loaded only with . blank.
Only Q selected group Of 6nlcial
witness and newspapermen will be
admitted to the execution, which
will b carried out shortly after dawn.