davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-06-01

Constantine Brown. of concern to
responsible authorities there and In
Washington for a long time.
Reports from many sources indi-
Gated that a zero hour had been
tentatively established for the day
When the combined Italian and Ger
man forces would overrun France.
German agents assured their fol-
lowers that this was inevitable.
Italian agents told their sympa-
thizers that the Italian Navy and
Air Force would annihilate the
Allied nayies in the Mediterranean
as soon as II Duce decided his hour
had come.
Money has been spent lavishly
throughout Latin America. In
many instances counterfeit dollars
were used.
The South American citizens of
German and Italian stock have been
whipped into line even If they
wanted to keep out of trouble. In
tlmidation methods such as boy.
colt, curtailment of credits-in the
event these people were in business
and dealing with italian and Ger
man exporters-and even the much
dreaded overdose of castor oil were
used to make a solid fifth column
in all the republics where there
was an important German Italian
population.
Now that the hour of Italy's inter-
vention has approached, the reports
from countries like Brazil, Uruguay
and Chile have become alarming.
In Brazil and Uruguay, reports say.
there are actual military units we'll
supplied with arms and ammuni-
tons smuggled into these two re-
publics during the last two years
ready to start the ball rolling.
Off1cers OF the regular German
Army covered either by diplomatic
immunity or representing important
business organizations" or con-
cealed in districts far away from the
eyes Of the authorities of the two
countries are ready to take over and
command these forces.
The army and police Of most
South American republics are ef-
flciently organized But the terri
tories they have to cover are i'm
mense for the relatively small
forces. The lack of an adequate
modern aviation system makes the
situation still worse. The attempt
Of the Brazilian government to con-
troll effectively the many small in
lets on the Atlantic are hampered
by the lack Of navy with q large
number of destroyers, gunboats and
Coast Guard cutters. The appeal
Of the Brazilian government some
three years ago to obtain a number
Of destroyers from the United States
has remained unheeded because of
political jealousies of other South
American republics and United
States legislation. The bill approv-
ing the sale Of warships to Latin
American republics has been re-
ported out Of the Senate only this
week.
The heavy cruiser Quincy was
rushed to Brazil yesterday to as
sist the local authorities in the event
of an immediate emergency. Other
naval units may be sent south
should the worst fears of the Amer
ican government materialize.
Evening star., 1940-06-01
Marriage License
AppIicotions

! Thomas H. Hammond, 81. zoos Eye st.
4h :nd NM Ann'Ssf he R1s Ro's5 s5sn e s. aiGl
V; both Of Baltimore; the the Rev. + <. (
Archie r sabin. 81. Alexandria, and Cath
crime c: C. Zones, =, III Church st.
H.nSsrt ine r kxer Hss l. e. % and Mildred L.
Coop Goopeer; q; both Of vincennes, Ind;
Joseph ee Rfv ehs5ss 6conner EndsES s and Irene
shsehan; n. 2s: both Of 6l5l Conduit I'd.
and 5snet caend.2 He EGI' 90 6'ns29n a2my
Medical Center: the Rev A. c. Oliver.
aeS. a. SashSf 1nSs hnS I:Rs .Ts
NV; the Rev. F. H. Bohanan.
'0ssph : hal'sy " Rsaysr Es' 1so Rs
Rhode Island ave. NV; the Rev. H. NJ.
JOSEPH 5a A., 4 Loeb; e, lol7 18th St. NV.
I'd; nv; the Rev. z, Green;
esssf p r M0ias md is se.ao9 1890 bqttiE voE
%. Chevy Chase. Md; the Rev. Emanuel
''issa Msy HssaRs SssR s ki?s'i ads%: s1y NM Nh
Ed n.y. the Rev Francis 2; Lucey
sSeyn sssg s.vsGs and
FrspeiS Ms9dz.5 ! stearns, c, 90 utica, n; z: and
chlysi hTddans w. srry oa o. HsIaaId Mani and Ann
Albert E. Powell. %, az Rsndolph pl
nn;ws ,nd Oracle Cash; 90 Takoms
Jones To- sns 81 csev1 sns chass ssss Md P
Richard d 3. + Aummer m p tsaeasesf s soe A st ne.
New Hampshire ave. NV; the Rev.
Earl w. Jones. IS, Ga'laudnt College and
ford: ford: Conn; the Rev. Wallace NJ.
James il. Mewilliams. 5s, 11ol 9th st.
..n and A,ss Jchnson 81 SO ST. NV;
S.r%sils s.lst.o q; ~? 30 = n;s' s., nR.? 1Ra
sss rss FrS TSomss NICHOLS DC soo Gar9 8, and
VA Ssry z3!sP; & aiae St, NV: NV: iss sss
and olori, 3; Donaldson; II. I2a Adams
c,s,,i, St; nv; q the he. Rev N J. Big Riordsn:
nw ana Maraaret ssesman Sesa SelHGns t44l RI
Lowell st. NV; the Rev. James s. Mont.
and Mary B. thompson 21, 1850 New
Hampshire ave. NV: the Rev. Walter W.
Martin J. cesul., "a. Dupont Pa, and
Rev. J; l. Kilkenny.
Grail. 20. both Of .sol7 MASSACHUSETTS
James A. Snowden. Al. Gsmbrill Nd. and
Ethel Ringold, "A. 424 st. s.w.; the
wende MsS Sfn'p%e Pope waaiai HstaDaisus Ca and
Barbara T. Amman, %. 1921 Garfield
st. NV: the Rev. Charles T. Warner.
Gordon v. Durr, 35, $500 Nevada ave
NV. and Della A. Blakney. 20. 271S
Ontario I'd. NV; the Rev. Charles T.
Warner.
Louis shere. 40. Marlyn Apis. and Della
NJ Ebert, 25. 2713 Woodley pl NV: the
Rev Norman Gerstenfelc
Georse r. Leukhardt 81 2532 34th st.
Sc. and Frances e. Smith. 10 1918
st. se the Rev Dennis e. Keenan,.
keenan,, 81 Clarksburs. W. Va; the Rev.
Felix M. Ktrsch.
Charles n. ward: 81. 7ol varnum q. NV.
and Carolina 8. Hart, "a 1880 Varnum
St. NV; Judge Robert : Hattinsly.
Evening star., 1940-06-01
Service Orders
ARMY.

CAVALRY.
Cheney. Col. Robert M. from San Antonio
to San Francisco.
Benson. Mai Harry W., from New York to
Canon City. Col
COAST ARTILLERY CORPS.
Thompson, Col. Edgar H from Fort
Stevens to Washington. Ga.
DENTAL CORPS.
Harper. 1t. Col. Neal A.. from Monterey
to Carlisle Barracks.
INFANTRY.
Cawthorne. Mai. Ted H., from Panama to
Atlanta.
spooner, Maj. LLOYD s., from Charlestown,
Mass. to Hays. Kans.
Fort Francis E. Warren.
Troiano, Second 1t. Constant A., from
WASHINGTON to Fort Jay.
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
Heman, Capt. David W.. from Kansas
City. Mo. to PITTSBURGH.
Ragland. First 1t William w. from Fort
Du Pont to Blacksburg, Va.
AIR CORPS.
Savage, 1t. Col Charles NJ, from Fort
Bragg to the Philippines
FIELD ARTILLERY.
Jones, First 1t. David E., from Fort D. A.
Russell to Panama.
Evening star., 1940-06-01
Plane Portisons Get SetbocL
Eliot Points TO ket'eot From Dunkerqus
As Disprovine Claim Air Power Is Supreme

the British from Dombes and oc-
cupied the central valleys.
German air superiority was the
greatest asset In the German con-
quest OF Poland, but 1t would not
alone have accomplished the defeat
of the Polish armies. The use OF
air power in conjunction with other
forces was a great factor in the
German break-through on the
Meuse, but 1t was the infantry and
the tanks which broke through ana
until they did, the air had accom-
plished little. At sea German air
power was neither able to prevent
the Allies from sending troops into
Norway nor seriously TO impede their
withdrawal.
Yet we were persistently told that
air power had proved its dominance
over sea power, because the Germans
were able to take Norway and the
British could not stop them. The
answer is, and the speech OF Mr..
Churchill in the historic debate in
the House Of Commons makes 1t all
too clear, that the British did not
try very hard, or at any rate with
any willingness to take any risks.
Claim Invades America.
Yet on the basis of the Norwegian
campaign, we were calmly informed
by the Germans that air power was
now the master Of the seas, and the
chorus is being taken up in this
country by some of the less re-
strained partisans of the airplane
as the only worth while weapon Of
war who are now proclaiming that
what we need is a separate air force,
myriads Of airplanes and less old
fashioned nonsense about infantry
men and battleships.
To all of which the epic battle
Of Dunkerque is writing an interest
ing commentary. The German air
force has not been able to stop the
withdrawal operations through the
port because it is being adequately
opposed And there you have it..
No doubt it is inflicting losses, but
not decisive losses; it is also suffer-
ing losses.
Let us reflect upon these hard,
cold facts when next we are asked
to throw aside all the lessons of ex-
pcrience and accept new and untried
theories of how war should be made
and how this country should be
defended.
Need Surface Support.
The facts Of the matter are, and
We are beginning to get more evi-
dence of them daily, air forces can
operate with great effect against
other air forces. Against surface
forces, whether by land or by sea,
they can do a good deal, but they
cannot achieve a decision (propor-
tionate strength being anything like
equaD unless they are operating,
not alone but in close conjunction
with their own surface forces of
proper size and character for the
occasion.
When the surface forces are held
in check, as in Dunkerque. the air
force cannot win the battle by itself.
1t can help the surface force to
move forward, or it can help to cover
its retreat, but to pretend that in
such circumstances it can become
the master of the situation is to
blind ones self to facts.
Air power is a new weapon and
We have much to learn about IT..
The main lesson we have acquired so
far is that it is far more formidable
as a member of the team than it
is when playing lone hand.
(copyrisht, 1910, New York Tribune, Inc J
Evening star., 1940-06-01
by MAJ. GEORGE FIELDING
ELIOT,

ELIOT.
Before we become unduly excited
over the hysterical claims that are
now being made as to air powers
alleged supremacy over sea power
and the ability Of the airplane to
control the seas, we had better take
long and careful look as to what
is now going on In the narrow
waters Of the Straits OF Dover.
There could hardly have been a
better chance for air power to prove
the claim Of its partisans. The
German squadrOnS are based close at
hand. They are superior in numbers
to the defending aircraft. They
have the immeasurable advantage
Of stationary target area: that is,
the area In which the Allied ships
must operate to remove the troops
Of the armies Of Flanders is limited
by the points at which those armies
may reach the sea, the harbor of
Dunkerque and a very small stretch
OF coast line outside it, perhaps also
including Nieuport.
The photographic conditions off,
shore limit the courses which ships
entering and leaving may follow and
the areas in which escorting ships
may maneuver. The necessities of
embarking troops either from open
beaches tas has been done in some
cases or from such a harbor as
Dunkerque, with its narrow chan
nels. numerous basing and confined
space-crowded as these all must be
with craft of every description
seem to offer the opportunities Of
q dive-bomber's dream.
Evacuation Goes On.
And yet the British and French
Navies are accomplishing. apparently
without anything that can be de-
scribed as crushing losses, the evacu-
alton Of tens OF thousands OF Allied
soldiers. And the most frantic ef-
forts OF the worlds strongest air
force have not been able to stop
this operation.
Allied warShips shell German
troops, guard the troopships from
German naval attack, reply with
anti-aircraft fire to the German air
craft. Allied pursuit planes, operat-
ing from British bases, oppose in the
air the German bomberS.
1t cannot be claimed that the
attacking air force is not in sufficient
strength, that it has inadequate
bases. or that it has to operate over
too great distance. The Germans
are beginning to produce COM
plants about the weather, but OBJ
viouSly this is an afterthought,
and, moreover, bad weather, low
visibility and the like are normal
conditions of sea warfare and an
army which is fatally handicapped
thereby has no right to claim its
mastery of the seas or any part of
them.
Valuable aS an Arm.
All this is not to decry the i'm
portance OF air power. In every
thing that I have written about air
power in this war l have insisted
on its tremendous value, but that
value is directly preportionate to
the degree to which its operations
have been co-ordinated with those
of surface forces. 1t has not taken
over command of the sea nor COM
mand of the land. 1t was a great
factor in the German occupation Of
Norway. and inability to deal with
it was one cause of the British fail
ure there. but the German conquest
of Southern Norway was complete
only when German armies drove
Evening star., 1940-06-01
The Capitol Parade
Nolis Next Attack May Be Asoinst French;
Entry OF italians Could Turn the Scole
Nv JOSEPH ALsOP and ROBERT xlNrNER

omluon collected for the Government
Oh e european tragedy darker
% news reports AS this picture the basis
ocy S now being slowly tentatively
sketch in It's " ~ " w. W
Contrary the assumption writing
mans are thought to be preparing attack the
the much
rhey are consolidating their possession Belgium
d ne important channel ports The next
against
the Germans in the flank they
actual expedition the channel ~ ~
hs new French strength at least immense improvement over
Gay when detachments
Evening star., 1940-06-01
Births Reported

Stafford and Inez Happ. girl
Gordon and Helen Zimmerman. girl.
William and Claire Mercer, girl
Duncan and Virginia McFadden. girl.
Louis and Urtie Wolozin. girl
Richard and Naomi Barr, boy.
F. Allen and Alice Lambden, girl.
John and Alice Fouls girl.
Robert and virginia Hodkinson. girl.
Clarence and Emily Hoover, girl.
John and Alberta Schaaff. girl
Joseph and Magdeline Levitan, boy.
Vernon and Catherine Stinnett, ST., boy.
John and Ethel Craig, girl.
Henry and Osceola Brown. boy.
Harry and Clara Jewell. girl.
Evening star., 1940-06-01
Sculptor Found Hunoino

NEW YORK, June l R.-The
body of James S. j, Novelli, 81.
sculptor, who executed World War
memorials for a number of Amer
can cities, was found hanging yes
terday in his suburban home. His
wife Lillian told police he had wor-
ried over war conditions and the
dearth of sculpturing commissions.
Evening star., 1940-06-01

north toward the channel although
there were not much more than
peasants with pitchforks between
them and Paris. The improvement
is the work Of French Generalissimo
Maxine Weygand. Taking over at
the worst possible moment, he saw
that an attempt to- break through
to the Allied forces caught in the
Belgian pocket" would risk the
whole French Army to no purpose
renting with the counter-attack
Evening star., 1940-06-01

almost no artillery and almost no
food, fighting in the most thickly
populated area of the entire West
ern World.
Although forced by the Ger
man bombers to embark largely at
night, about 100000 more OF the
best trained and equipped Allied
troops were gotten out OF the Bel
gian pocket through Dunkerque and
other ports remaining in Allied
hands As the lliac u,ara u,it "a drn III.
Evening star., 1940-06-01
Deaths Reported

Mabel H Adams. 70, 500 18th st.
Frank x. Freiseis, 20. 7435 18th st.
Luther McNeal, 20, 1929 1st St
Gertrude A. Staley, SO, 1880 18th ST.
Milton M. Roemer, 43, 1913 Harvard st.
Infant Marvin J. Thompson. Providence
Hospital
Ssran nnn {; ,iM Miller: 81 n Ii6 o Jr,snam pl:
Aggie Walker 81, Gallingsr Hospital
Evening star., 1940-06-01

cially will pre-
dict II.
p er h a ps a
more ex plicit
way TO say 1t is
that the Ameri-
can Government
has b e en- sur
prised by tn G
ra p ! d turn OF
events a bro a d
and cannot fore
tell what Amer
! c a n interests
may be vitally
In v o ! V e d in a
few months. Ma
tional d e { e n S G
Evening star., 1940-06-01

urge President
r o o S e v { ! t
to accept re-
nomin a tion -
as SO far
proved a dud.
None Of the
other announced
candidates-Vice
President Gar
ner, S e n a t or
Wheeler of Mon
tana and Post
master General
Farley-has an
5 W e r d t h e
clarion call of
Mr. Mc Mutt
Evening star., 1940-06-01

AnSrlC0 WcI .
gettin more
active. During
the last tw o
weeks the re-
ports Of these
agents were la
beled danger
GUS in the i'm
mediate future.
The powerful
organizations Of
the G erm q n 8
and the Italians
in the southern
republics have
been a matter
Evening star., 1940-06-01

1Hk opinions OF the wrtters on hs page their opn NOT
necessarily The Stoy Such opinions presented IN The
Stars effort TO eipe oH sides Of questions OF interest 10 M
readers although such opinions NAV contradictory among
themselves and directly opposed TO The Stars
Evening star., 1940-06-01

ing as huge and helpless civilian population
IKE cattle and supplies had reached the vanishing
Beglans
The horror what
there probably
how through before the Allies
Evening star., 1940-06-01
Involvement
Ideu Fills
u. S. Mind
Preparedness Is
0eored Higher for
Bolt to Strike
Nv DAVID LAWRENCE

The inevitability OF American en-
trance into the world war is in the
background OF most everybody's
mind here, although nobody ofr-
Evening star., 1940-06-01


his major a neW line
The Line on the Somme
me new line has been successfully established along south
oK OF the Somme River Weyands
@ at the somme Before the situation stabilized
TWO main problems
the always weak almost to nothing The
pest that be said there
air The English Air Force still
from their Belgian
ana no french bases the Germans position
nate bombing attacks ports industrial centers Of
England and then against the Army
Thus tie English and
Meanwhile German
Tor an assault the Somme
destroyed There surprises such
the mpfban tanks which achieved
hVer But the Allies air weakness great and
concentrate troops when
may not hold The withdrawal Of British planes takes
naturally friction between
French the probably tempt them with narate
" = r'~
Then even If the main military
Italians still
crows with backma until they
eel sure they are safe Yet the time
~ W ''
Evening star., 1940-06-01
BY G. GOULD LINCOLN.

Federal Security Administrator
McNutt's third-term bomb-his ap-
peal to all candidates for the Demo-
cratic presidential nomination to
Evening star., 1940-06-01
Days Past and Ahead

The real nature of what has
graSped In crucial the
Gen Gamen send the large expedonay
me battle OF Flanders began lost from
when German
connng the expedtionay force the cap
turing Its bases and supplies About 100000
extended left with duindno ammunition
Evening star., 1940-06-01
Holy Lond on DoyIiqht Time

JERUSALEM. June / R.-The
Holy Land has been placed on day.
light saving time, effective until
the end of September, for the first
time in history.
Evening star., 1940-06-01
This
Changing
World
Reports Of Nozi Work
In South America
Becoming AIormins
Becoming AIormins
BY CONSTANTINE BROWN.

Ever since the Nazis invaded
Holland news has been reaching
Washington that their agents and
in Central and South
Evening star., 1940-06-01

preparations-to be on the safe side
are proceeding on the assumption
that America may be forced into the
war sooner than anybody expects.
For this reason, the President has
asked authority from Congress to
mobilize the National Guard if Con-
gress should happen to be adjourned
and the necessity arises for calling
the guardsmen to the colors.
The sending of a message asking
another billion for defense is some
what of shock in the sense that a
week ago it was not contemplated,
but what actually is happening is
that the Army and Navy chiefs are
beginning to realize the Nation
wants to be prepared and is not ask
Ing that the cost be counted. 1t is
the same psychology that always
pervades nation when danger ap-
proaches.
Evening star., 1940-06-01
he Line on the Somme

Peronne which
MS major resources forming defense
Evening star., 1940-01-13
Morylonds Coach Displays Some Confidence

Under Mr. Miller, who is called
Marine suit Marylands
they have of three Southern
the ulasuccessfu Mr. Miller
the Tonight
and sitting somewhere in the crowd will be
presence in bakandgold fighting would
would "A
One Frank Cronn of sorts who boxed
ineligible because athletic
five The other Red who
pressed into for bout He fought against
Carolina That bout constituted full
brass hats limited three
is out of the picture.
almost the of purity becoming
Naturally the
burden These
their subjects from the against simple method
tending amateur shows scouting likely material waving
ships in front of them.
"But it's all right with Miller way
fixed the
Mr. Miller lacked confidence.
Evening star., 1940-01-13
Basket League Lead
For Brewers Up 10
Fray

Upon a game the Philadelphia
Sphas play with the Baltimore Clip
pers tonight depends whether the
Washington Brewers again will be
undisputed leaders of the American
League Basket Ball League when
they take the floor against the Troy
Celtics tomorrow afternoon in the
Heurich gym or mere runners-up to
the Sphas.
Now tied with the Brewers for
first place with victories against 6
defeats, the Sphas either can take
possession of the lead by trimming
the Clippers or drop behind the
Brewers by losing.
If the Clippers continue to show
the form which enabled them to
whip Chris Heurich's team, 1880,
last night, however, the Sphas ap-
pear in for rough evening.
After being presented with a
watch by his admirers, Bob Nc
Dermott, Baltimore's leading
scorer, thrilled 5000 fans by scoring
% points to send his total to 22O in
18 games
Evening star., 1940-01-13
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
MIAMI, Fla, Jan. 13-Seasoned
anglers, novices, men, women and
children are roaming the waters off
Miami in quest of prize fish in one
of the largest-scale competitive
events ever staged-the 99-day
$4,000 Metropolitan Miami Fishing
Tournament.
Before the tournament ends April
IA more than 100000 anglers will
have sought the hundreds of prizes
offered for % varieties of fish. Some
124,000 participated last year and
officials wouldn't be surprised if the
total ran close to 100000 in the
fifth annual tournament.
Range From Marlin to Bass.
Over in neighboring Bahaman
waters millionaire sportsmen test
their skill against the antics of
marlin weighing hundreds of pounds
Out in the emerald-green Gulf
Stream charter cruisers bounce
along with their occupants fighting
the spectacular sailfish. Closer in
shore, along the bays and shadows
less pretentious entrants try their
luck at the smaller bonefish, snook
and channel bass.
There are prizes for the biggest
fish, the smallest fish and oldest
fish. There are daily prizes, weekly
prizes and grand prizes, headed by
a national championship" team
event, with some Is cities and clubs
competing.
One of the most notable catches
last year was a 1922 pound tarpon
by a novice, Miss frankie Laidlaw
who was fishing from a rowboat.
Evening star., 1940-01-13
Boston Y. F. W. Meet
Loaded With Track
Stars Tonight
Four Indoor World Mark
Holders Among ToIent
On Smart Program
Ey the Associated Press.


BOSTON. Jan. ia star
sprinkled list of entries, concen-
trated in four brilliant middle
distance events, gave New England's s
indoor track season an auspicious
start as the runners awaited the
starting gun for the Veterans of
Foreign Wars games tonight at Bos-
ton Garden.
The Nations best and most. sea
soned runners-from graying Glenn
Cunningham to Campbell Kane, the
Indiana sophomore sensation-will
compete in Boston's opening indoor
meet of 1910.
Manager John Lane has built his
meet around four special events
the mile, the 2-mile. the $50 and
the invitation 600-but has added
enough events to indulge the most
catholic taste.
-Four indoor world record holders
are among the competitors-Cun-
nlngham in the mile, Don Lash in
the 2-mile, John Borican in the la-
mile and Jim Herbert in the 600.
Facing Cunningham in the dream
mile will be Archie San Romani,
Chuck Fenske, Wayne Rideout and
Luigi Beccali Blaine Rideout, the
other half Of the Texas twins, was
forced to withdraw because of a
severe cold.
The Emile field, too, is as good
as any assembled in Boston. Lash
has such competition as Tommy
Deckard, Greg Rice, Joe McCluskey,
Walter Mehl and George Degeorge.
But John Borican and long-stridine
John Woodruff should provide the
nights biggest thrills when they vie
in the $50, and they have to beat
shch sterling runners as Campbell
Cane, Chuck Beetham and Gene
Venzke.
The 600 is the remaining bright
light on the program and it loses
none of its lustre because Doug
Raymond had to withdraw with a
pulled muscle.
Howie Borck, former intercollegi-
ate champion, will find Record
holder Jim Herbert, not to mention
Dick Gill, Harold eagle and Wesley
Wallace. on hand to see that the
race Is not runaway.