davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-01-15

This new creates effect which fills the need Of
pon figured and twist pattern all in Two tints of
the same color merge luxurious shade with inter-
estine color deph AIwooI yarns Cut from and II it,
widths So.
MATCHING 27-Inch Carpet; specially priced, yard 295
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Floor
Evening star., 1940-05-28
Iron Ore Now Recovered
From Low-Grade Deposits
Ey the Associated Press.

Ey the Associated Press.
PITTSBURGH, May 28.-Recov-
cry Of iron ore from low-grade ore
deposits through newly discovered
electrostatic process is reported by
Westinghouse Electric & Manu-
featuring Co.
Research scientist G. W. Penny
declined to disclose details Of de-
velopment, but emphasized "the
possibilities of increasing the pro-
ductive output Of the Nations ore
deposits"
He said that under present meth
DDS Of recovery commercial iron ore
must contain at least SO per cent
iron to Justify its transportation and
Use.
Experiments with the new process,
added Mr.. Penny, indicated that an
appreciable percentage Of iron still
remaining in discarded ore can be
economically separated"
The company also announced de.
velopment Of new metal known
only as "K-42-B." A bell made Of
this metal was heated to a tempera-
ture Of around 1,l00 degrees Fahren.
heit and retained its ability to ring
with brilliant tone while an ordi-
nary steel bell gave OF only q dull
thud.
Evening star., 1940-05-28

strange history. A three-judge Cir
cult Court in Philadelphia de-
cided it against the union. Then
the administration appointed three
new judges, who eight weeks later
reversed the decision in the same
courtroom. And now the Supreme
Court upsets all the reasoning on
which prosecutions for interruption
of interstate commerce by violence
have been based and let's the union
guilty of sit-down strike 60 free.
What it means is that an employer
who refuses to sit down and discuss
labor problems with his employees Is
held to be guilty of interrupting
interstate commerce. but labor
union guilty of sit-down strike and
physical interference with shipment
of goods is not held to have inter-
rupted interstate commerce under
the Sherman Act. The new theory is
that because the sit-down strike did
not affect price or competition, it is
not an interruption to interstate
commerce-a concept opportunely
introduced by the court whereby q
labor union is permitted to escape
just punishment.
Clearly Congress has the job now
of amending the Wagner Act to mar
row the application o: that law to
conform to the definition of Inter
ruptions" to interstate commerce
under the Sherman law as now cir
cumscribed by the Supreme Court.
Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star., 1940-05-28
The Political Mill
Roosevelt Leaves Veil Of Mystery About
Role lndustriuIists Will PIoy in Defense

terest the announcement of the
names OF these men-and what will
be their assigned tasks.
Mr.. Hoover, in his address, said
that the only way to get the kind
OF mass production of arms and
munitions which this country now
needs is to set up a separate agency
Tor procurement, and to place at
its head an industrialist who knows
how. In the World War of 1914-19l8,
the lesson was learned that mass
production of arms and munitions
could be obtained when that kind
OF course was followed. It would be
as silly. he said, to create a board,
advisory or even with administra-
tive powers, to have charge of pro-
duction of arms as it would be to
appoint board to be Chief Execu-
tive Of the United States. The re-
sponsibility must be placed in a
single man-as 1t was finally in the
World War, when Bernard Baruch
took over the matter of such SUD-
plies for the Wilson administration.
Mr.. Hoover paid tribute to the effec-
tiveness Of Mr.. Baruch.
President Roosevelt has given no
indication so far that he intends
to take this kind of advice. Indeed,
he has leaned toward having the
regular departments of the Gov
ernment and their heads-the Treas
ury. War and Navy Departments
and possibly the Commerce Depart
ment and the Labor Department
handle the job, with private indus
trialists as advisers.
Mr.. Hoover's contention is that
the heads of the departments know
nothing about mass production-that
they haven't been trained for it any
more than the industrialists have
been trained to handle ships and
armies at war. Mr.. Hoover would
have the procurement of war sup
plies left to the men who know that
side Of the job, and the training of
men to use the weapons and to
fight left to the Army and the Navy.
There seems plenty of sense in the
suggestion.
Until the President reveals his
plans a bit further, it is impossible
to know just how far he intends to
lntrust the matter of mass produc-
ton and procurement to the in
dustrialists-or an industrialist. His
comment so far has been that labor
is to be protected in all it's rights
obtained under New Deal legisla-
ton, particularly as regards hours
OF work and wages, and that in
dustry is to be allowed no inordi-
nate profits out of the preparedness
program. This may be all right
but it smacks of the old attitude of
the administration, which has been
TO kick industry and business around.
Allies Awaken.
Unless industry is dealt with as
sympathetically as Is organized la
Dor the chances for mass production
Of arms and munitions at speed and
at reasonable prices are not good.
Germany did not reach its present
state Of tremendous preparedness by
constantly shortening working hours.
The Allied nations, on the other
hand, enacted laws that limited the
working hours and placed other re-
strictions on output. And the Allies
have had sad awakening. They are
seeking in every way to make up
for their lack of preparedness. And
they are looking ever to the United
States to make up for their short
Evening star., 1940-05-28

bound to be bad. Constantine Brown.
King Leopold gave up because he
had no faith in the victory of the
Allies. This is the inevitable inter-
probation of Leopolds action. Only
yesterday, while the King of the Bel
gians placed his sword at Hitler's
feet, the French and the British
were fighting side by side with what
they thought were still comrades-in.
arms.
How the British and the French
troops who have now been denied
the facilities of the Belgian sea.
ports will get away is a problem
which even Gen. Weygand may have
a hard time to solve.
Entered War alf-Heartedly.
There is no question that the
Belgians went into this war half
heartedly.
When the Germans occupied the
re-militarized region Of the Rhine
land in 1886, the Brussels govern
ment informed the French that all
relations between the two general
STATS were suspended. King Leo
pold proclaimed the complete neu-
trality of his country and informed
all governments concerned that Bel
gium no longer formed the advanced
positions of Frances defense in the
event of war with Germany. The
socialist government of Spaak
agreed with the King that the coun-
try was too small and that it had
already suffered too much during
the last war to afford another blow
If France and Germany were to go
to war again.
In the summer of 1888 the French
tried to persuade the Brussels gov
ernment to allow them to build for
tifications along the Esacaut River,
but met with no success. 1t was only
later, under the pressure of the
British, who pointed out to King
Leopold that in the event of war
the Belgian ports would have to
be blockaded, that the Brussels
government decided to dicker with
the French for plan for common
defense of the country. All these
conversations were strictly secret
and inconclusive. because the Bel
gians, like the rest of the Nordic
neutrals. seemed hypnotized by the
idea that they could keep out of
this war.
Preparations Haphazard.
Belgium, like Holland, did her ut
most to stay out, and 1t was only
a few days-some say few hours
before the Germans invaded the
country that she asked support from
Britain and France.
Under the circumstances it Is only
natural that the preparation for the
rescue Of the Lowlands should have
been haphazard and improvised.
They were better than those which
were supposed to save Norway
inasmuch as more troops were
poured into the two countries. But
there seems to have been no definite
plan and the masses in Belgium
we're unprepared for a war-especial-
ly the kind of war Germans are
waging. This lack of enthusiasm on
the part Of the population coupled
with the lack of ammunition and
adequate modern war weapons
made the Belgian defense half
hearted and explains how so-called
impregnable Notifications fell within
q few hours after the German at
tack. There is no suggestion OF
treason among serious thinking
military men; just laxity on the
part of the Belgian commanders who
did not believe that they had a
chance.
Evening star., 1940-05-28

mont Republican, laid all partisan
ship aside in his speech on national
defense-delivered in the Radio
Forum arranged by The Washing
ton Star and broadcast by the Ma
tional Broadcasting Co. There has
never been any secret about Mr..
Austin's attitude toward the Euro
pean War. He wishes to do all he
can to help the Allies defeat Hitler
and all that Hitler stands for. He
said so again last night. He ap-
pealed to the country to support
the national defense program, and
gave his reasons for believing that
it is national necessity.
Evening star., 1940-05-28
New Gasoline Price War
Looms on Pacific Coast
~ the ASsociated Press,

~ the Associated Press.
SAN FRANCISCO, May o.
Standard Oil Co. Of California
slashed the price Of gasoline today
and persons familiar with the oil
industry's operations wondered II
another "rate' war" was in the
making.
A brief announcement by Stand.
ard Oil said 'in order to meet COM
petition" the price Of gasoline would
be reduced, effective today, by az
cents q gallon for premium (ethyD
grade. IL cents gallon for stand
ard grade, and 2 cents a gallon for
third-grade gasoline.
Standard oil price reductions were
made effective in California.
Oregon, Washington, Navada, Ari-
sona, Alaska and the Hawaiian Is
lands.
Evening star., 1940-05-28

- cCFClC OlIC ~s
cause the forces
which were sent
into Belgium to
d e + e n d that
country-a fool
ish movement
many a military
strategist says
are now In a
most precarious
position.
The moral eff
feet of the Bel.
6 l n surrender
in the Allied
c un tries is
Evening star., 1940-05-28

on Sunday night,
" q 8 President
Roosevelt. Th e
S z c o n d, la s t
night, was for
m er President
Hoover, and the
third, also last
night, was Sena-
tor A US stin Of
v er m o n t, Re-
publican member
Of the Senate
Military Affairs
Committee. On
one topic all
t h r e e W e r e
Evening star., 1940-05-28

u II v z O-J II d NJ O0~AA AAA'~0As'
this country should be adequately
prepared and armed to defend itself
from any attack that may come on
the heels of the present wars in Eu-
rope and in the Far East. Surely the
world, including Chancellor Hitler
Of the German Reich, should be on
notice that this country intends to
put itself in such a state Of military
and naval preparedness that II
would be dangerous to attack us.
Words, however, will never do the
trick. Nor will the mere matter OF
appropriating money, by Congress
get us much further along. The in
dustries of the Nation must be mobi-
nZed-as well as the men to be
trained in modern warfare. The les
son Of the war In Europe is that the
side with the most machines-as
well as guns-stands the better
chance of winning. These machines
-airplanes, tanks, guns Of various
kinds-the munitions to feed them
must all come from the factories OF
America.
Must Be Geared to Needs.
Preparedness, therefore, becomes
the task primarily of American in
dustry. Mass production of many
kinds Of things is the requirement
This does not necessarily mean that
$4,000 airplanes must be turned out
within few months, or 5000 tanks
1t means that the industries must
be so geared that they can turn
them out with tremendous speed
once the need of them becomes ap-
parent. OF course, there must be a
beginning, with thousands Of planes
added with as little delay as possible
to those-woefully few-which are
already owned by the Army and the
Navy.
President Roosevelt's effort was to
put as good a front on our military
situation as possible and at the same
time to inform the country that
much more must be done-and would
be done under his administration
The Presidents emphasis on the
arms and munitions, and the Army
and the Navy, which the country
now has, was a defense Of what his
administration has been doing dur
ing the last seven years; if there
was any casting of. it was on the
Republican administrations which
went before his advent into the
White House.
The President announced that
men who know about production
will be called to Washington to
give advice on the program for mass
production Of arms and munitions
The country Is awaiting with in
Evening star., 1940-05-28
Background Brought Out

the fight obecives
Wendell L. Wike generally the opinion
that the time has do job these gentlemen
They would like the public understand that military
service fighting strategt but in the
Gates division daw that his chief prior reputation writer Of
that his business association
at Moline
They concede and ability
believe that he qualified
industrial organization n the light Of the N asco) than
brook Pegler or Ernest K Lndley.
They are less concerned with Mr. Wikie. since
successful efforts retard dscred
OF the T. " A. Since effective industrial
decentralization Of industrial production through
regions remote from the great industrial targets Detroit
Pittsburgh Mr. Wilkes antFeda
qualities him from serious consideration Added that Wilkes
convinced opposition
Government In for swift national
Evening star., 1940-05-28
comings in the matter of arms and

comings in the matter Of arms and
munitions production.
The Presidents speech sounded
to many who heard it like the
speech Of candidate for re-elec-
ton to the presidency. This may
be doing the President an injustice.
He may have no intention of run
ning-although there are thousands
who believe today he will accept
denomination to tens who believe he
will not. The speech had its po-
litical tinge with its appeal to the
labor vote and its promises of great
accomplishment.
Senator Austin, q stanch Ver-
Evening star., 1940-05-28

much more inter-
ested in answer
Ing Republican
attacks on the
failure Of the
United States to
have an ade-
quate defense
program than in
m a king tn e
necessary ad-
tustments now
to get haramony
and unity in the
D r o d u c t Il o n
world.
The cruX OF
Americas prob
Evening star., 1940-05-28
The Capital Parade
Bureaucratic Bickering Holds Up Action
On Badly Needed Defense Preparations
BY JOSEPH ALsor and ROBERT KINTNER,


The clearest lesson tragedy in
Europe is that when time nation
only at all by going on wartime emergency basis Army
intelligent State oca
eted industrial executive agrees this central fact Remembering
the central fact despite Presidents
by the American accomplishment
burst -
Almost everywhere the situation Government and
out Congress- Carolina alost
Evening star., 1940-05-28

HE opinions OF the Drtters this page o,o
necessarily The Stars Such opinions presented
Stars e1ort to gue all sides OF questions OF interest
readers although such opinions may contradictory among
themselves and directly opposed to The Stars.
Evening star., 1940-05-28

As A housewife you're pleased
"A when your family sighs with
satisfaction after your meals.
So - you'll be delighted to find
that Premium Crackers add zest to
every food. Thousands of house.
wives depend on this finer cracker
to make their appetizers, soups,
Evening star., 1940-05-28
BY G. GOULD LINCOLN,

Within the space Of "a hours, three
important speeches were delivered
over the air on the subject Of ma
tional defense. The first speaker,
Evening star., 1940-05-28
RESPONSIBILITIES of Critics

Yet the scandal remains that,
should be placing their abilities ane
eminent have been chiefly con-
cerned with an effort to break down
public confidence in their Govern
ment and to persuade labor. ETC.,
that any effective program of ma
tional defense is impossible with
out scrapping the hard-won social
reforms Of the last seven years.
Criticism is valuable and neces-
sary at every stage in this ugly
business of preparing for the ulti-
mate test of our power to survive
Evening star., 1940-05-28
Chat Leaves
+AftertuSte
OF Politics
Answer to 6. O. P.
Seen in Talk
By President
By DAVID LAWRENCE.

Politics still reigns. President
Roosevelt's "fireside chat" left the
regrettable impression on many
people here that Mr.. Roosevelt was
Evening star., 1940-05-28
This
Changing
World
LeopoId's Surrender
luid to Lack OF
Faith in Allies
%, roNerA.,rv,,r ppo,,,,

BY CONSTANTINE BROWN.
King Leopold Of Belgium has de.
cided after three weeks Of fight
ing that "the defense now rests. +"
The blow to the Allied Armies u
Evening star., 1940-05-28

on his own initiative obtaining the
cooperation Of Senate Republican
Leader Charles L. McNary and the
House chieftains, and setting aside
the congressional rules to rush the
emergency defense appropriations
through the Senate. But the DEM
onstration has been partly spoiled
by short-sighted members of the
House Appropriations Committee,
such as Representative Charles A.
Plumley of Vermont. They have
loo 1Ny,elV,
Evening star., 1940-05-28

create national would administered through the council
But although the Presidents attitude matter
pated by informed hard feel confidence
and vague divisions OF responsibility such
afict the Presidents just
administrative effort unprecedented
and replacement of Of the less
holders difficulties arising
Evening star., 1940-05-28
We, the People
Responsibility Of Government Critics
Not to Aid Fifth Column Cited
BY JAY FRANKLIN.

gentlemen OF the stature and reputation Of Gen. Hugh johnson
and Mr. Wendell Wlk could
"hreside talk" Sunday
compelled Executive Of this Nation to take
time his responsibilities to our
Evening star., 1940-05-28

this planet free
obligation to be that they have
action which
fifth column confuse the will purpose people,
Released Inc)
Evening star., 1940-05-28

by the that would accept reelection
to the pdncy It is also fair to point out that the opposton att
defense of demands
Cd That practical businessmen placed direct charge Of the
armament the contracts and dividing the defense
kitty World War that all defense
unemployment promptly
emergency,
Evening star., 1940-05-28

refused hearings along the anal
Plain Bickering
In the executive Secretary Of the Interior
Harold L. 1ckes have gasped situation pied the
President to dsively boldly
already involved the
resident pecaution which made all
too obvious
already beside herself of the
justice huteng nterposes protest which temporarily
oIockS the jackson program at the White House
The War and Treasury Departments hu
aviation conynes
meeting OF aviation executives
the President order meeting
orgentau then meeting
has anything to
washington for supposedly important
whose chief qualification for his
desired his native the election
sessng
to his job
meanwhile private citizens who ought
know better
And the problem further mudded
that the Army
which the slightest investigation American labor
even in the Republican would show unfounded
Presidents Preference
Nor is possible to be greatly cheered by the Presidents
and leading ndustriass
that most OF what will
hse who already has plenty his hands
from the creation something
since national defense began
1t in the fall of 1887
Johnson the President
rasts and other qualified recruited
Ams mobilization At that
ask whether the first World Wars
still legal entity found
body composed OF the Secretaries of
or two others, did still exist
The matter then dropped year. although
johnson and Barh continued the President
Evening star., 1940-05-28

committee to review defense plans.
Just before the end of last year s
congressional session, the President
allowed johnson and Secretary of
the Navy Charles Edison to set up
the War Resources Board. But, in
the Presidents mind. at least, the
boards sole purpose was still that
Of reviewing existing plans. In the
first war cabinet meeting the Presi-
dent declared that II the war did
Evening star., 1940-05-28

salads, cheese, and spreads taste %
much better.
Premiums special flavor comes
from top-notch ingredients and
perfect baking. Freshness 10 as
sured by triple-wapped package
and rapid deliveries. Order Pre-
miums from your dealer today.
Evening star., 1940-05-28

people rs 70 IIle integrity, cOmpe-
tence and tempo Of our national
defense program over the last seven
years.
At times like these, 1t is un-
wise to attribute motives to critics
Of our Government but 1t Is fair to
point out that Wall Streets wish
fulhllment prior to the President 3
talk took the form Of rumors that
Mr.. Roosevelt planned to announce
a IS 0(0 OCO O0O rearnament nroOra m
Evening star., 1940-05-28
n ONLY rAkss
A MINUTE

to make sure the
biscuit you buy 10
aNational Biscuit
Companyproduct.
Then you will be
sure Of getting the
very finest in quail
ity, freshness and
delicious favor.
Evening star., 1940-05-28

n this time Of emergency, men who
energies at the service of the Gov
Evening star., 1940-06-05
Bedtime Stories
By THORNTON w. BURGESS.

Unc' Billy Possum lost no time
in getting over to the dead tree
in the Green Forest, where Jimmy
Skunk had seen the stranger go to
roost for the night. Unc' Billy
wanted to get there before the
stranger had gone to sleep, for If it
really was his old friend or Mis-
tab Buzzard, as Unc' Billy felt
sure it was, he had just got to
say "Howdy' that very night.
Now Unc' Billy is seldom caught
mapping, so, though he was very
sure that this was his old friend,
he didn't intend to run any risk
Of furnishing a good supper for a
hungry hawk. So. as Unc' Billy
drew near the dead tree, he crept
up very still and carefully until
Evening star., 1940-06-05

Hello, or Mistah Buzzardl
Where'd you all come from?" shout
ed Unc' Billy Possum.
"Ah reckon All done come
stright from the sunny souf, an
All reckon this is the lonesomest
land All ever done seen. Am 60
ing straight back where All come
from. What yo' all staying up
here TO- anyway, Unc' Billy?"
Unc' Billy grinned. "Ah'm staying
because All done like 1t here mighty
well. and All reckon that 20 al 70
Evening star., 1940-06-05

West opened the spade seven,
dummy ducked. and East's queen
was allowed to hold. The ten of
spades knocked out dummy's king,
and dummy's club lead went to
Vests ace. West led a third round
of spades, South winning with the
ace Declarer now knocked out the
king of clubs and, since East was
unable to get the lead to his partner,
South made nine tricks without
further trouble.
Now get out your magnifying glass
and solve the crime. Who made the
fatal error? Decide for yourself
before reading the next paragraph.
East is the culprit! When dummy
led a low club at the third trick,
East should have clattered up with
the king! Then East could have
forced out South's last spade stopper
while West still had the ace of clubs
as entry to the rest of the spades.
A little thought will show that East's
king of clubs is worthless unless his
partner also has high club. so
East can lose nothing by playing
the King.
Yesterday you were vulnerable
against vulnerable opponents,
and, as dealer you held:
4 K 10
y @ 80
+ A K @ J 10 9 8 3
Answer: Bid one club. 1t is
bad tactics to pre-empt when YOU
have better than average high-card
strength.
Score 100 per cent for one club
40 per cent for pre-empt, 80 per
cent for pass.
Question No. 465.
You are Oswald Jacoby's partner
and vulnerable against non-vulner-
able opponents. You hold:
y AK74
0 A K 6 5 4
4 76 So
The bidding:
Jacoby Burnstone You Maier
IL 10 (?)
What do you bid? (AnsWer to-
morrow
(Released BY the Bell Syndicate. 1nc)
The Four Aces will be pleased to an
swer letters from readers If stamped
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Evening Star. If you desire the pocket
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