davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-03-19
The Brenner Pass

1t was upon historic ground, we'll
known to travelling Americans, that
Hitler and Mussolini met to discuss
new" Europe. The Brenner Pass,
under various names, is the lowest,
the most easily negotiated of all the
gateWays Of the Alps. Only 4,495
feet above the plains north and
south, it constitutes the divide be-
tween the watersheds of the Black
Sea and the Adriatic. The valleys
of the Adige and the Eisak feed the
Pc, those of the Inn and the Sill
the Danube. Nature was the archi-
tect of the whole composition, but
her work has been polished" by
human genius through uncounted
centuries.
The Etruscans used the pass in
their development of the amber
trade. Drusus, stepson of the EN-
peror Augustus, crossed it in Is BE-,
en- route to conquer the barbarians,
including the Breones or Breuni, a
supposedly Celtic tribe for which the
place is called. Probably it was
through the same convenient open
ing that the Vandals poured in 4O4
AID. The pass was mentioned by
Charlemagne in 806 when he planned
the division of his realm among his
sons. No less than sixty-six emperors
are reported to have journeyed
through it bound for Rome between
1893 and 1902. The Hapsburgers con-
trolled it from 1853 onward until 1918.
For them it was a portion of the line
between Vienna and Venice. They
improved it, accordingly, in the in
terest of commerce. A carriage road
was opened in 1772, and railroad,
"one of the grandest works of the
kind" was built 1854 1857. The latter
moves through thirty tunnels and
over sixty large and many small
bridges in its course from Innsbruck
to Verona.
(. But modern science has not altered
Evening star., 1940-03-19
Thinks Census Questions
Will Defeat Own Ends.
To the Editor of The Star.

wonder If 1t ever occurred to the
devisers of the census questions that the
intimate, personal nature of these ques-
tions will defeat their own purpose,
which is to obtain reliable information
on which to base statistics concerning
employment, unemployment, income and
various other matters
People resent personal, intimate ques-
tions, and If they think that answering
these questions truthfully is going to
hurt them in any way they will simply
lie to the census enumerators. II they
do lie, there is no way of checking up
on their lies.
What, then, will be the value Of a vast
store of lying, or misleading and un-
reliable information given to the census
enumerators? Clearly, it will be worse.
far, far worse than useless.
Why not abolish the census alto
gether? See what happened to Israel
when q natior-wid census was taken Of
that country (read II Samuel XIV.
CHARLES HOOPER.
San Francisco,
March IL, .- .-
Evening star., 1940-03-19
Gives Opinion on Effect
OF Machine Production.

To the Editor Of The Star:
One Of your correspondents referred
recently to "the generally accepted
theory that the machine creates more
new employment in the long rum"
Pardon my contradiction. The ma
chine is unquestionably the principal
factor in the overcoming of natural ad-
vantages possessed by the inhabitants of
one place over another, such as skill and
ingenuity. 1t also is the great leavener
OF tastes and ability to produce. 1t
tends toward ubiquitous production of
similar goods.
Inasmuch as all trade depends upon
differences in goods produced, 1t is ap-
parent that trade diminishes as produce
ton becomes ubiquitous. Only in the
early or intermediate stages Of supplying
the machinery does profit ensue, and
that profit depends upon sales of the
machinery itself to new sections, where
its operation eventually renders them
closer to self -sunhciency and so less de-
pendent upon trade. When, after the
turn of this century, our exports changed
from preponderance Of raw materials
to one of finished and semi-nnished
goods, largely machines and parts, the
handwriting was on the wall. We were
then doing our part toward making
other sections -sufncient, or more
nearly 50. Temporarily we prohted,
and temporarily so did they rs their
industries developed. But eventually
there was q drugstore on every corner,
80 to speak. Section after section went
in for production Of the same kind of
goods under similar machine abilities,
and, Of course. when every place can be
nearly or completely -sunhcient,
there 60 your sectional advantages out
the window, and there goes your ability
to dispose Of your surplus. You have
to adjust your production 70 the dscltn-
Evening star., 1940-03-19
Census Issue Held of
Fundamental Importance.
To the Editor OF The Star:


To the Editor OF The Star:
Many newspaper editors have missed
the fundamental point in discussing the
census questions now the subject of con-
troversy
1t Is not question of the value of the
information that may be secured from
answers to the Objectionable questions,
but the vital principle involved. Con-
ceding for the sake Of argument that
these impertinent and inquisitorial
questions were requested by a wide
range of citizens and organizations. as
alleged by their supporters, which 1 do
not believe. are the privacy and consti-
tutional rights of the individual to be
invaded and violated for the benefit of
business interests?
The fundamental objections to the
questions at issue, which aroused the
Indignation and resentment of the people,
are that the questions are impertinent
and invade their constitutional rights of
privacy, and that they are not authorized
by the census law but are decreed by
Mr.. Hopkins, under pain and penalty for
refusal to answer them. Finally, If a
bureaucrat can decree without author
ity OF law questions for the citizen to
answer or refuse to answer at his peril,
We have ceased to have a government of
laws and have become a government of
men by executive decree.
The issue Is not one between Senator
Tobey and Harry Hopkins. but is one
that Is fundamental in its nature and
OF transcendent and vital importance to
the liberties of the people and to con-
stitutional government and one which,
II not settled now, will lead to the
grossest abuses and curtailment of our
liberties. ALEXANDER s. LANIER.
March Is
Evening star., 1940-03-19
Urges Correction of Ills Of
Organized Labor.

To the Editor Of The Star:
I can but stand and wonder at the
inconsistency of humanity. After each
unfavorable episode involving organized
labor there is always large group which
stands and shouts, Down with labor"
They would abolish all the ills connected
with organized labor by eliminating
organization.
This same group does not favor aboli-
ton of government whenever corruption
or inemciency is demonstrated there.
They realize that the benefits of govern
ment Offset the detriments and so they
urge not extinction of government, but
merely governmental reform. 1t is the
same in relation to our system of public
education Whenever 1t becomes evident
that corruption and politics cause our
system to be imperfect, there is wide
spread appeal to remove the undesirable
influences from the system so that we
might enjoy its real advantages.
Why cannot this same reasoning carry
over to our attitude toward organized
labor? 1t Is to be recognized that labor
not infrequently has made foolish and
unreasonable demands, but so is it to be
recognized that labor has not infre-
quently been exploited. Can any one
doubt that organized labor has been very
instrumental in raising standards of
living and standards Of achievement for
its members and for our entire society?
The International typographical Union
is an example of organized labor which
has established hours, wages and stand
ards OF achievement which excel the
dreams of the most idealistic patriot of
20 years ago. This group has established
Tor Its apprentices standards of edu-
cation and trade achievement which are
not even remotely approached in many
OF our public school systems. Should
these accrued advantages be cast to the
four winds simply because labor has
made mistakes? Is it not wiser to treat
the ills Of organized labor and retain
Its advantages than to exterminate
organization and so lose BENEFITS along
with detriments? We should cast our
lot with organized labor and straighten
1t up, not break 1t up.
March 10. WALTER q. oRIEsT. -
Evening star., 1940-03-19
Governor VS.. Courts

From a long distance vantage
point, the strange struggle being
Vaged in Georgia between Governor
E. R. Rivers and State Highway
Chairman w. L. Miller over possess
sion of the State Highway Building
in Atlanta appears to revolve around
clashing personalities rather than
the issue of state rights" raised
by the Governor in connection with
Federal Court proceedings against
him. 1t all started last December
when Governor Rivers ordered Chair
man Miller dismissed, charging the
highway official with using his Office
to promote himself as candidate
for Governor. Denying the charge,
Mr.. Miller refused to give up his
office. The Governor twice had Mr.
Miller elected forcibly from the high
way headquarters by National
Guardsmen. Mr.. Miller succeeded in
obtaining an injunction from the
State Superior Court, restraining
Governor Rivers and the State ad-
jutant general from interfering. The
Governor and the National Guard
head ignored the injunction. When
two National Guard officers were
sentenced to jail for contempt of the
State court, Governor Rivers par
doned them.
The Federal District Court entered
the picture when Chairman Miller
sought Federal injunction to pre-
vent Governor Rivers from depriving
him of his constitutional rights"
After lengthy arguments, Federal
Judge Bascom Deaver ordered the
Governor and the adjutant general
to show cause why they should not
be restrained from evicting the roads
official. Later the Federal Judge
ordered Governor Rivers to desist
from the use of National Guardsmen
in barring Mr. Miller from office.
The Governor paid no more atten-
tion to the Federal orders than to
the State injunctions, declaring that
he did not intend to "abdicate." A
climax has come with the serving
on Governor Rivers of an order citing
him for contempt of the Federal
Court. This, of course, may mean a
jail sentence
Governor Rivers already has in
dicated that he will resist the Federal
Courts action on the ground that it
constitutes IAN invasion Of State
sovereignty" There are reports that
he plans to mobilize all of the
Georgia National Guard to protect"
the State from regulation" by the
Federal judiciary But Governor
Rivers will have difficulty in convinc-
ing dispassionate observers that the
issues in this case have anything to
do with State rights. Rather, the
paramount issue seems to be whether
one man-even though he happens
to be Governor-can ignore the law
and defy the agencies constitutional
ly created to administer it. Surely
the Governor would have been the
first to support the courts rulings If
they had been in his favor. And he
should be the last person in his State
to encourage disrespect for the con-
stitutional processes which help to
distinguish democracy from a die
tatOrShip.
Evening star., 1940-03-19

Scientists announce the discovery
of a hitherto unknown hereditary
characteristic in certain men: Abil-
ity to roll up the tongue sideways.
It may be hereditary with them, but
a lot of us learned to do it during
prohibition,
Evening star., 1940-03-19

There is one booming industry In
this country which no graph or busi-
ness index has yet noted: Lettering
of signs tor labor pickets. .--.---,
Evening star., 1940-03-19
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address OF
the toriter. although the use OF
a pseudonyn1 for publication is
permissible. Please be brief!
Evening star., 1940-03-19

:. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to
the for republication of ell news dispatches
credited to It or not otherwise credited in this
paper end also the local news published herein.
All rights of publication Of special dispatches
herein also are reserved
Evening star., 1940-03-19
Member of the Associated Press,

Entered as second-class matter post once,
Washington. D. C..
Evening star., 1940-03-19

March IS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-07
Pope Urges Women
To Fight 'Immodesty'
OF Present Fashion
Pontiff Tells Throne
Of Italian Girls to Avoid
Ambitious Vanity

b. the Associated Press.
VATICAN CITY. Oct. Pope
Plus XII says women should fight
the .immodesty" Of present-day
fashion and avoid ambitious vanity"
Mode and modesty should 60
together as two sisters" the Pope
told a throng of Italian girls yes
terday, because both words have the
same etymology, from the Latin
modus,' meaning right measure,
beyond which the correct thing is
not found.
But modesty is no longer stylish!
As those poor unbalanced people
who. having lost the instinct OF
preservation and the notion OF
danger, throw themselves into fire
and rivers, not few feminine souls,
forgetting Christian modesty through
ambitious vanity, 60 miserably to-
ward danger where their chastity
may find death.
These" Pope Plus continued,
suffer the tyranny of style and
immodesty In such a way as to seem
that they do not even suspect in
decency: they have lost the concept
of danger itself, the instinct Of
modesty.'
He urged his listeners, represent
tatives of Italian girls Catholic Ac-
ton organiza tons. to pay heed to
their leaders, who. he said, would
show them how to be modern.
cultivated, sporting, graceful, natural
and distinguished without giving
way to all the vulgarities Of worldly
style"
Pope Plus touched only briefly on
the war in his Commute discourse,
characterizing the present hour as
one of devastation and telling Of the
beautiful work" which awaits the
end of the conflict.
This task Of Christian reconstruc-
ton, he said, included the rebuild
ing of society on Christian bases.
the replacement Of the Bible and
its moral in esteem and honor
the revision Of the family, "restor-
ing to matrimony the halo of its
sacramental dignity =" and the
reafflrmation in all great society
a genuine notion of authority, dis
cipline. respect for social orders and
the reciprocal rights and duties o.
the human person
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-07
Military Rites to Be Held
Tomorrow for Gov. Homer
Ten Days Of Mourning
For Illinois Executive
Proclaimed
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, Oct. THE political
tempest of a presidential election
year simmered down to a whisper
in Illinois today as the body of Gov.
Henry Horner lay in state for a
military funeral today.
Party and factional differences
were temporarily brushed aside as
Republican and Democratic leaders
alike paid tribute to the 6l-year-
old only tWo-term Democratic Hi
nois Governor who died of heart
and kidney ailment early yesterday
at suburban Winnetka after two
year illness,
Ten-Day Mourning Period.
Official mourning for 10 days,
with flags at half staff on all pub
lie buildings, was proclaimed AS
the first official act of the new Gov
ernor, John STEELE, who banned a
discussion of politics until after the
funeral.
Funeral services will be held at II
am. tomorrow in Chicago's l22nd
Field Artillery Armory. Rabbi Louis
J. Mann of Sinai Temple will pre-
side. assisted by a Catholic priest
and Protestant minister. Twelve
senior officers of the Illinois Ma
tional Guard will be pallbearers.
Burial will be near the body of the
bachelor Governors mother in
Mount Mayriv Cemetery in sub
urban Dunning.
From noon today until the hour
of the funeral the body of the Gov
ernor. a semi invalid for % months,
will lie in state, surrounded by a
special honor guard of National
Guardsmen.
Seriously iii Since 1888.
Gov Homer had been seriously Ill
since the November. 1888. election.
He was the third Democratic Gov
ernor of Illinois since the Civil War
and the only native Chicagoan to be
elected to the Office. Prior to his
election as Governor in 1882. he was
probate judge of Cook County for
10 years.
Mr.. STEELE. who will complete the
term expiring January |, was fire.
quent intra party political foe of
Gov. Horner. He had charged be-
fore the last April primary election
that the Governor was disabled and
announced that he would assume
the duties of chief executive Later
he dropped his claims when admin
istration leaders refused to recog-
nize his efforts to take over the
Office.
The Governor death was an
nounced by his press chief, Milburn
P. Akers, who added: Or Rupel
said he died peacefully and without
any struggle"
Praised As Humanitarian.
Oxygen was administered last
night when Gov Horner's condition
became steadily weaker. The physi-
clan and two nurses were in constant
attendance
The new Governors proclamation
said Gov. Horner achieved national
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-07
Praised As Humanitarian.

Oxygen was administered last
night when Gov. Horner's condition
became steadily weaker The physi-
clan and two nurses were in constant
attendance.
The new Governors proclamation
said. Gov. Homer achieved national
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-07
City News in Brief
TO-DAY

/ Meeting. Dupont Circle Citizens
Association, Mayflower Hotel, 4:30
pm.
Dinner and meeting, Washington
Automotive Trade Association
Directors, Hotel 24OO, 6 pm.
Meeting. Advisory Council,
Graphic Arts, Mayf1ower Hotel,
7pm.
Meeting, Fraternal Order Of
Eagles. Hotel Raleigh, 7 pm.
Meeting, Abraham Lincoln Circle,
No. 3, Ladies G. A. r., Willard
Hotel. 8 pm.
Meeting. Jewish Culture Group
Hamilton Hotel. pm
] Meeting. Notre Dame Alumni
Association, Hamilton Hotel, pm.
Meeting. Beta Chi Sorority
Wardman Park Hotel. 8 pm.
Dance, Providence Hospital, Ward
man Park Hotel, 10 pm.
TOMORROW.
! Breakfast, Early Birds Club, Will
lard Hotel, 8 am.
Breakfast, Carnegie Institute
Alumni, Mayflower Hotel. $50 am.
Meeting, United Typothetae OF
America, Mayflower Hotel, $50 a m
Luncheon. Civitan Club, May
flower Hotel, 1890 pm.
/ Luncheon, Optimist Club, May
flower Hotel, 1890 pm.
Luncheon, United Confederate
Veterans Association, II noon, Will
lard Hotel.
Luncheon. Pi Kappa Alpha Fra
ternity, Raleigh Hotel, 1890 pm.
Luncheon, Institute of Electrical
Contractors, Carlton Hotel, 1880
pm.
Luncheon, Washington Sales Rep
resentatives' Association, Lafayette
Hotel, 1890 pm.
Luncheon, Touchdown Club, La
fayette Hotel, 1890 pm.
Luncheon, Dartmouth Club, An
napolis Hotel. 1890 pm.
Luncheon, Motion Picture Thea
ter Owners of the District, Willard
Hotel, pm.
Luncheon, Florists Telegraph De-
livery Association, Mayflower Hotel,
l pm.
Buffet luncheon, Women's Ma
tional Press Club, Willard Hotel,
pm.
Business session, Order of the
Stars and Bars, Willard Hotel,
2:30 pm.
Supper, United Confederate Vet
Grams Association, Willard Hotel,
pm.
Dinner, National Capital Group
Of Controllers, Raleigh Hotel, $50
pm.
Meeting. Kappa Gamma Sorority,
Raleigh Hotel. 7:30 pm.
Rehearsal. Rubinstein Club, Will
lard Hotel, 745 pm.
Meeting, National Printing Equip
ment Association, Mayflower Hotel,
7 pm.
Meeting, Connecticut Avenue As
ISOLATION, Mayflower Hotel, 8 pm.
Meeting, D. c. Chapter, Catholic
Daughters of America, Willard
Hotel, 8 pm.
| MCCVlllk, VdAVCI xtCCu Z OpI, AuAAA-
larry Of the v. F. w., 1874 Connect
cut avenue, 8 pm.
Meeting, Women's Union Bureau
of Engraving and Printing, Willard
Hotel, 8 pm.
Meeting. Syrian Washingtonian
Club, Willard Hotel, 8 pm.
Entertainment and dance. Leba-
non Masonic Lodge No. 7, Willard
Hotel, 8 pm.
Meeting, Teary Ship, v. r. W.,
Hamilton Hotel, 8 pm.
Bridge party, Federal Bridge
League, Wardman Park Hotel, 8 pm.
Convention, Dignal Section, Asso-
citation Of American Railroads,
Wardman Park Hotel, all day.
Meeting, Middle Atlantic States
Motor Carriers Conference, Hotel
Raleigh, I'll day{
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-07

Church, with DR.. w. E. Gibson Of
Richmond officiating. Interment
will be in Mount Hebron Cemetery
here.
Mr.. Essex served many pastorates
in this area.
In addition to his widow, he Is
survived by two daughters, Mrs. E.
B. Eaton of Montclair, N. j., and
Mrs Edward T. Clark of Winchester,
and one son, j. P. Essex, jr., Madi-
son, N. j.
He had been living with his
daughter and son-in-law, the Rev.
DR.. Edward T. Clark, pastor Of the
Winchester First Baptist Church.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-07

recognition for his humanitarian
activities and for the great progress
of the State of Illinois"
Mayor Edward j. Kelly of Chicago,
likewise paying tribute, issued
statement saying: The State has
lost the services of a good admins
traitor, who put humanity first" Ma
tional Committeeman Pat Nash
termed the death tremendous loss
to the State"
Gov. Horner was student of the
life and times of Abraham Lincoln
and owned one of the largest private
collections Of Lincolniana.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-07
Football Exercise
Increases Size of Neck

BY the Associated Press.
RICHMOND, Va.-This is a shirt
tale:
Coach Harris Woodson of John
Marshall High School says mothers
are up in arms over the exercises he
has been giving football players to
tougher their necks Mothers say
the boys have outgrown all their
shirts and are demanding new ones
in larger collar sizes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-07
Rev. Jesse P. Essex, II,
Dies in Winchester

Sy the Associated Press.
WINCHESTER, Va, Oct. THE
Rev. Jesse Paul Essex, 70, retired
Baptist minister, died at hospital
here yesterday, one week after he
had suffered stroke Of paralysis.
Funeral services will be held at 2
pm. tomorrow in the First Baptist
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-07
Thomas Neal Dies,
Former Head Of 6. M.
BY the Associated Press.

7SSOtIHItU
DETROIT, Oct Thomas Neal,
who rose from factory job to the
presidency and board Craftsmanship
of General Motors Corp. quarter
century ago. died Saturday night
after a weeks illness He was 80.
Mr.. Neal became associated with
General Motors in 1910 and upon
completion of its reorganization five
years later he resigned He was
board chairman of the Equitable
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-07

LIN THE privacy of
our comfortable Display
Rooms it is truly easy to
arrange a beautiful service
for a loved one, without
exceeding your financial
limits.
For here is the most COM
plete display of beautiful
caskets and funeral acces-
SORES from which a person
could wish to choose. Take
our word for it, your desires
and purse can be satisfied.
For refined, reverent, per-
fectly conducted funeral
services, without burden
some expense, we invite
your trust.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-07
British Turk Pact Concluded

LONDON, Oct. 7 (P,.-The Ex-
change Telegraph agency reported
from Istanbul today that a new
British Turkish commercial agree
ment had been concluded.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-07

Trust Co. at his death. He was q
native Of Corunna, Ontario.
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1940-08-16
Humanity Rises
BY CYRIL A. SMACK
~ a. o. BERG

Let me speak to the people whose wide open eyes
Might have what was coming on earth.
Let speak to the people who might have been wise
In encouraging justice and worth.
Let sing, dirge, frail little things
Children, slain in the sand and the sod;
This the death for our babies the dictator brings,
In defiance of justice and God
Peace is never attained by the forfeit OF right
For the blackmaier's gluttony grows
And the bully is prone to eXut in the plight
Of the fools who submit to his blows.
All fathers obtained with their wisdom and grit
We can cast to the winds in breath.
Men and nations go mad, but the can't submit,
Or their choice is but madness or DEATH
There's rotten heart growing 1t kills it grows
ChOkes the good it spreads on the EARTH $i
If it lives and you live, as the calendar goes,
Tell me, what will survival be worth?
nOnenity then, you will do as you're told.
You will wish you had dared to down with the bold,
AS you fawn with the vile and the dumb.
Let the good of our manhood and womanhood rise
And assail all that threatens lfe's best.
Let our pledge be, 'We'l battle till Tyranny dies.
It shall know neither comfort rest"
Not for long shall the plunderers plage and take.
Well emerge from this horrible night.
Let the perjurers pause let the murderers quake,
For humanity rises to fight.