davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-12-02
u. ). NavyMustHave
Advanced Bases,
Stark Asserts
AdmiroI's Report, Luuding
Fleet, Revives Squubble
Over Fortifying Guam
BY the Associated Press.

~ VIZ EHoSONAoNCA 1 ANSo'
The Navy's high command coupled
formal reports today that the United
States feet was probably the
strongest single sea force in the
world" with disclosure that addi-
tional sea and naval air bases were
under consideration.
Admiral Harold r. Stark, chief
of naval operations, revived the con-
troversial issue over establishment
of strong base at the tiny island
of Guam-on Japan's doorstep
with the declaration that advanced
bases were necessary in both the
Atlantic and Pacific to thwart any
approach of hostile forces.
Admiral Stark's annual report,
made public yesterday, discussed the
strength and readiness of the fleet.
1t followed the same general lines
of the report issued the day before
by Secretary of the Navy Knox,
informing the Nation that on any
comparable basis its Navy was sec
Ollu 10 IOl2e. asr Ma
Expansion Needs Stressed.
The Secretary's report asserted,
however, that completion of the two
ocean feet construction program
must be pressed ito meet our naval
defense requirements simultaneously
in both oceans against any possible
combination of powers concerting
action against U.S."
Anything less than this strength
is hazardous to the security of the
Nation" the report said.
Since the end of the last fiscal
year, report statistics showed, long
strides have been taken toward that
two-ocean fleet goal, contracts hav-
ing been let last September 9 for
200 warships which, when completed,
will give the United States the big
gest and most powerful Navy in
world history.
Admiral Stark prefaced his recon-
mendations for more shore bases
with the declaration that force is
now the only safe insurance of ma
tional survival"
More Funds May be- Needed.
1--WE should develop and maintain
such bases in our own overseas
possessions wherever they are need
ed" he added, "be it in Puerto Rico,
Hawaii or Guam"
In that connection, he said, fur
ther authorizations and appropria-
tions to carry out the remainder of
the recommendations of the Hep
burn Board-which formed the basis
for the Navy's current shore con-
struction program-are under con-
sideration.
1t was the Hepburn Board which
urged development of a powerful
surface, air and submarine base at
Guam, a proposal which caused a
storm of opposition during the last
two sessions of Congress and re-
suited in defeat of the proposal both
times.
Other bases recommended by the
board, however, are under construc-
ton in Alaska, several mid-Pacific
islands, Puerto Rico, Florida, Rhode
Island and other points. Progress
on all was satisfactory, Admiral
Stark said.
Evening star., 1940-12-02
Labor Plans Drive
For Lumber Wage
Boost in Northwest
c. |. D. and A. F. L. Pledge
Unity; 1000 Plan to
Walk Out Today
nr the Assnriated press

By the Associated Press.
CENTRALIA, Wash, Dec. a.
A. F. L. and c. I. o. unionists dis
regarded jurisdictional friction and
united today IN an effort to bring
about "as broad tie-up as pos
sible" in the Pacific Northwest's
vital lumber industry in their drive
for higher wages.
AS the first move, about 1000
A. F. L. workers in five Everett
lumber mills and one logging COM
pany planned to strike this morn
ing.
Representatives of the A. F. L.
Lumber and Sawmill Workers
Evening star., 1940-12-02

ndified united labor movement in
the timber industry since affiliation.
disputes split the lumber workers
ranks three years ago.
The logging outfit, the Morton
Logging Co.. furnishes logs for some
of the Seattle mills, which recently
granted their A. F. of L. employees
a 5-cent-an-hour increase.
Ed McSorley, International Ex-
ecutive Board member of the I. w. A.,
said other strikes would follow as
employers refused to meet the
unions demands.
Evening star., 1940-12-02
Roll Call Goal Reached

FREDERICK, Md, Dec. 2 R.-
The Red Cross Roll Call in Fred
erick County already has reached
the initial goal of $500, with most
of the county chairmen yet to re-
port. Mrs. Holmes D. Baker esti-
mated that final reports would reach
at least $4500.
Figures for this year are $1,000
ahead of 1899 and $4,000 ahead of
1898,
Evening star., 1940-12-02
Dentists to Attend MEETING

DR.. Luzerne G. Jordan, professor
of prosthetic dentistry at George
town University, and DR.. Arthur B.
Crane and DR.. Vernon G.. Lohr Of
Washington will leave for New York
tonight to attend the 18th session
of the Greater New York dental
meeting tomorrow, Wednesday and
Thursday in New York City.
Evening star., 1940-12-02

Visitors to Bermuda at Christmas
time will find the Islands ablaze
with scarlet poinsettias. The lowest
temperature recorded at Bermuda
last year was an even so degrees
on January %.
Evening star., 1940-12-02

Employees Union, Hotel Hamilton,
8 pm.
Dance, Council of Jewish Juniors,
Hotel Raleigh, pm.
Exhibit, Near East Foundation,
Carlton Hotel, all day.
Evening star., 1940-07-13
EVENING STAR WASHINGTON c. SATURDAY, JULY 49, 1s4o
spect while advocating "Cuba for
the Cubans" policy.

spect while advocating a Scuba for
the Cubans" policy.
The third candidate seeking to
succeed retiring President Fred
erico Laredo y Bru is a dark horse"
-Reinaldo Marquee Camacho.
The parties backing Col. Batista,
who staged a coup d'etat to push
Grau into the presidency in 1899
and then forced him out, have q
varied complexion-two are Leftists,
two Rightists and three are Of the
Center.
Grau heads three parties-two of
the Right, one of the Left. Mar
quez Camacho heads the National
Agrarian party, Centrist group,
which he founded
Indications that disorders might
mar the election came with allega-
tions by both sides that election
workers Of their opponents have re-
sorted to unfair practices.
The Supreme Electoral Court yes
terday suspended balloting in three
towns Of Camaguey Province, where
Grau's supporters charged army in
reference in behalf of Col. Batista.
Evening star., 1940-07-13
Guild Elects Board
Favoring Pasche
And Kaufman
Martin Only Opponent
Of Administration to Win:
Sullivan Is President
BY the Associated Press,

BY the Associated Press.
MEMPHIS, Tenn, July 13-An
executive board almost unanimously
favorable to two paid officers who
drew caustic criticism for their ad-
ministration of the American News
paper Guilds affairs will direct the
G. O.-affiliated union for the COM
ing year.
The annual convention reelected
the two officers-Executive Vice
President Milton kaufman and Sec
retary-Treasurer Victor Pasche-
and 10 of the II other candidates
backed by their supporters.
Only Harry Martin of Memphis, a
leader in the faction which sought
to replace Mr. Kaufman and Mr..
Pasche on grounds of ineffciency and
maladministration, was returned to
the board. He was reelected vice
president for the Southern region
Ways Calls for Unity.
A touch Of oil was applied to the
guilds troubled waters as balloting
closed the convention yesterday.
Max Ways of Philadelphia, anti-ad-
ministration candidate for Mr.. Kauf-
mans post, called for harmony.
THE only way we can show unity
is to be completely loyal to the guild
after we have been defeated" he
said.
Other officers elected were Donal
Sullivan of Boston, who defeated
Incumbent Kenneth, Crawford for
president. and nine other vice pres
identS, Agnes Fahy of Newark, N.
j.; Don Pinkston of Sioux City,
Iowa; George Wilson of San Fran
cisco, Ralph Foster of Toronto,
Phillip M. Connolly of Los Angeles,
Anthony Berardi of Chicago. Morris
Watson of New York, Richard
Henry of Denver and Julius Kly-
man Of st. Louis.
The president, the paid officers
and the vice presidents comprise
the Executive Board.
Detroit was voted the 194l con-
vention.
The A. N. G. Auxiliary returned
Mrs. Katherine McGrath of Chicago
to its presidency and elected Of
ficers, including Mrs. Elfreda Rhy-
lick of Washington, vice president.
Evening star., 1940-07-13
. university, and Arthur Slater, for
mer high school agriculture teacher.

. university, and Arthur Slater, for
mer high school agriculture teacher.
A diary Detective G. II. Schu-
macher reported finding in slater's
pocket told a story Of his love for
the girl. Its cryptic notations in
cluded:
June 14-"' visited Gertrude,
She loves me. November l mar
riage."
June 15-"Drove Gertrude down
town. He'll"
June 20-"In love-"
June 22-"Visited Gertrude =
Better dead"
The girls name first was men,
toned February 2, when an entry
read: Visited Gertrude. o. K.
Drove along beaches"
Last inscription was Thursday
"Clear and hot" Last reference to
Miss Hertting was on June %.
Bodies of the pair were found by
Mrs. Margaret Sharp, manager of
the apartment house. Miss Hertting
apparently had just returned from a
beach cutting. She was shot through
the heart as she sat on a divan.
Slater was lying on the floor, a bull
Evening star., 1940-07-13
AImazan Followers
Hint al Challenge
OF Election Count
Official TubuIution Gives
Aviiu Comucho 81 Pct.
Of Ballots Cast
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
MEXICO CITY, July 13.-Fol-
lowers of Gen. Juan Andreu Alma
zan, independent candidate for
President, indicated today they
would challenge the official tabula-
tion which the administration S
party Of the Mexican revolution CP.
r. No said last night gave its candi-
date, Gen. Manuel Avila Camacho
81 per cent of the votes cast In Sun
days turbulent election
Spokesman for conservative Gen.
Almazan said their own separate
tabulation, which is now nearing
completion, would show an "over-
whelming" majority for their candi-
date.
Gen. Almazan himself, who has
said he would establish his own
legal" congress if he failed to get
a fair count, declined to discuss the
administration party's claims, but
accused his political opponents of
trying to provoke him into rash
action.
He referred to a raid which fed
eral secret police made with drawn
pistols last night on his private
offices here, during which they broke
down the door, ransacked the place
and seized his files.
Wont Lose Patience"
They're trying to molest me to
see if Ill lose my patience Gen.
Almazan said, and added firmly:
But I WON'T"
According to Gen. Almazan's aides,
who were in the office at the time,
the police acted without a warrant.
1--WE don't need a warrant" they
quoted the raiders as saying, be
cause Almazan is now outside the
law"
When any citizen is regarded by the
government as plotting action which
would cause disorders or endanger
the nation he can be declared out
side the law" and thus be subjected
to investigation or arrest without
benefit of the usual legal safeguards.
Political quarters said the govern
ment was concerned by Gen. Alma
zan's statement yesterday that he
would take the oath of Office" De-
cember l as the next President OF
Mexico and that he was taking pre-
cautionary measures.
Denies He Will Start Revolt.
Gen. Almazan ridiculed reports in
the capital that he planned to fly to
Chihuahua to start revolution
and declared he expected that the
political situation will work itself
put without any disturbances"
/. He said he planned to leave the
capital for a rest in Yucatan and a
vacation trip through Central Amer
aca within a few days. but empha-
sized that he would depart openly
and would return the same way
shortly before the inauguration OF
the new Congress September /.
Congress will pass on the presi-
dental vote count, which was tabu-
lated Thursday by official commits
sions.
The tabulation, as announced by
the P. R. NJ, gave Gen. Avila CANA
cho 2,265,1OO votes, Gen. Almazan
128,574 and Gen. Rafael Sanchez
Tapia, candidate of the Center, a.
O46.
Evening star., 1940-07-13
Louis Richard, II, Dies,
Noted as Sculptor :;
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
WEST NYACK, N. Y, July 49,
Louis Richard, II, sculptor and art
authority, who won the patronage
of New York's wealthiest families
during the COS, died yesterday in
his home after a long illness.
Among his best-known commits
sions was the designing of the pair
Of lions at the entrance of the New
York Public Library and the sculp-
tured pediment of Grand Central
Terminal on Forty-second street.
He designed, and often executed,
the sculptural detail of the homes
Of the late Commodore Vanderbilt,
Charles M. Schwab, Col. H. n. Rog-
ers. John Jacob Astor and other
perSOnageS.
Evening star., 1940-07-13
Lochner
CONTINUED From First Page.)

Continued From First PageD
work on their farms OF at their
trades and businesses, for there is
a dearth of male hands everywhere
in Germany.
Moreover, their presence in East
ern and Southeastern Germany as
we'll as in occupied Poland is notifi-
cation to the world that Germany
intends to exert her influence on
all questions affecting Eastern and
Southeastern Europe, while, at the
same time, final preparations are
completed for a blitzkrieg of hith-
erto unknown ferocity.
To reveal specifically wherein
these preparations lie would pe
tantamount to imparting forbidden
military information. 1t must be
assumed, however, that the COM
pleteness, thoroughness and cir
cumspection of the preparations are
equal at least to those preceding the
Norwegian and western campaigns.
1t will be recalled that at the be-
ginning of last winter even high
ranking German military officers
doubted that a huge army could be
kept in the bunkers, pillboXes and
fortresses of the Siegfried Line
throughout the winter without get
ting depressed, dissatisfied and even
rebellious.
But Hitler insisted the arm must
use those winter months for inces-
SAINT practice at tasks which were in
the offing. Newsreels of that period
showed German soldiers, in rain
sleet and snow, going through AK
actly the sort of Indian-like advance
by leaps from house to house, from
ditch to ditch, through streams and
forests and across f1elds-Which
proved so effective in Belgium and
France.
Hitler's patient waiting through
the winter had a tWo-fold advan-
tage.s
For one thing, when the Western
offensive really began on May 10 hi!
troops so often had practiced what
they were expected to do that the
actual performance was almos
automatic.
Nazis Practice Landings.
The Allies, on the other hand, may
have been lulled into sense OF fals'
security. They may have forgotten
that during those comparatlvel.
quiet months Czech Notifications 1r
the Sudetenland, built on the prin
ciples of Frances Maginot Line, ant
in German hands after the Munich
ract, were being used as targets un
til exactly that type of weapon wa
evolved which could pierce even tn
seemingly invincible French forth
cations line and its extensions II
Belgium.
Since the close of the Norwegian
campaign it has become common
knowledge that for weeks before tn
invasion German troops practlcet
getting off boats and into immedlat
action.
Similarly, since the close OF tn
western offensive, it is known abou
the capture of the Belgian fortres
Eben Enael that an exact repro
duction was built in Northern Ger
many, and that parachute troop
descended on that reproduction Il
80 practice raids, hurting thermit
bombs at the big guns and steel
lined embrasures and capturing tn
"astonished" garrison.
1t also is known that Hitler, be
fore issuing orders for the wester,
offensive, had special weapons de
signed-such as the so-calle
"bunker cannon" to meet the par
ticular situation created by tn
existence in France of the Magino
Line.
4
Evening star., 1940-07-13
Seattle Schools Run
Bicycle Purkinq Lots
" the Ascoc;stsd pr.s.

BY the Associated Press.
.SEATTLE.-Two Seattle schools
maintain parking lots for bicycles
only. From 125 to 200 bicycles are
parked there daily.
Capt. George Kimball, junior po-
lice safety division chief, said the
plan has contributed so much to
the safeguarding Of bicycles and
obedience to traffic laws that the
schools will &c given citations.
Evening star., 1940-07-13
Hemisphere Defense
Involved in Cuba's
Election Tomorrow
Botisto Appears Sure
Of Victory; Pledged
Cooperation With U. S.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
HAVANA, July 13-Cuba will
hold presidential election tomorrow
in which the question of Western
Hemisphere defense may be involved.
There has been much discussion
of Cuba's value as a strategic point
for defense of the Panama Canal
and of reports that the United States
wants to fortify the island.
Col. Fulgencio Batista, strong
man Of Cuba, who appears to control
sufficient votes for victory as the
candidate OF seven parties, has said
he will cooperate with the United
States.
His principal opponent. DR.. Ra-
mon Grau San Martin, has said
nothing of his attitude in this re-
Evening star., 1940-07-13
Man and Girl Found
Shot 10 Death in
Apartment House
Los Angeles Police List
Double Staying os
Murder and Suicide
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
LOS ANGELES, July 13.-The
bodies OF 22-year-old former Wis
consin schoolteacher, clad in white
bathing suit, and 44-year-old rail-
way mail clerk were found shot to
death last night in an apartment.
Detectives listed the deaths as mur-
der and suicide.
The victims, said Police Its. Gene
Bechtel and S. F.. Lopez, were Ger
trude Hertting, here from Wau-
watosa, Wis, for graduate study at
Evening star., 1940-07-13
Nozi Military Bonds
Serenoding Porisions

BY the Associated Press.
PARIS, July 10 Delayed The
German army has begun serenading
Parisians in an effort to restore some
of the gayety to one-time Gay
Paree."
Military bands massed under the
obelisk in the Place de la Concorde
facing the Hotel Crillon are comp
ing" operatic airs for crowds gath
cred in the square.
Evening star., 1940-07-13

let through his temple. A revolver
lay near MS outstretched hand,
Omcers said the deaths apparently
occurred late yesterday afternoon.
Evening star., 1940-07-13

Jewish manufacturers in Aus
tralia have formed a committee to
stop sweating" or exploitation Of
Jewish refugees here.
Evening star., 1940-07-13
Your Vaca+ion-+ime Is
Also Wa+ch-repair-+ime

why not bring in your watches and clocks
that ore not running properly. before you 90
restore them to accurate time keeping. And
you need an accurate watch on vocotion-hove
US adjust it before you regret its inoeouroey.
WATCH REPAIR DESK, FIRST FLOOR
Evening star., 1940-07-13

Shirley Temples 1898 salary ex-
ceeded by $4,000 that earned by VIII
liam S. Knudsen, president Of Gen.
eral Motors.
Evening star., 1940-05-19
Short-Wuve Programs

6:35 p.m.-BUDAPEST, Hungarian
Youth. HATS, 9.62 meg, 31.17 m
700 p.m.-MOSCOW, broadcast ir
English. RV96, 1924 meg, 1877 M;
RNE. IL meg; 313 m.
1880 p.m.-LONDON, news. GSD
ITS meg, 255 m; Csc, 9.58 meg.
313 m.
sos p.m.-TOKIO, popular songs
JzK, 1916 meg, 1877 m.
$3.50 p.m.-PARIS, news. TPA, 11.7s
meg, 25.6 m; TPB, 11.84 meg.
1888 m; TPC, 9:52 meg, 31.51 m
$3.50 p.m.-VATICAN CITY, news
and comment, o5 meg, 3106 m.
$40 p.m.-ROME, opera Fedora
tGiordano) Act II; band concert;
light music. 2R03, 3115 M; 2RO4
25.40 M; 2R06, 1851 m.
$3.50 p.m.-BERLIN, Club of Notions
DXB, 96l meg, 31.2 M; DJD
lit meg, 25.4 m.
A list OF daily short-ioape
nelDs broadcasts from foreign |
stations 1Uiu be published in
Mondays radio section.
Evening star., 1940-05-19
Todoy's High Lights

(AH Times Pm. Unless Indfcated)
11:00 am.-WMAL, Jan Peerce
tenor. and Jacques Gasselin, vio-
linist, are soloists on the string
symphony concert at the Radio
City Music Hall.
2:00--WJSV, Howard Barlow con-
ducts the Columbia Symphony
Orchestra:
Overture to The Barber Of Seville"
Symphony No. 2, in B Flat
Schubert
Gilbert
suite "The Sea" ea"----- Bridge
2:30-WMAL. Story of the opening
OF the Southwest Is told in ORA
matte form on the Coronado
Cuarto Centennial program.
3:30-WMAL, Dinah Shore returns
as chief songstress Of the Basin
Street Chamber Music Society,
with 'Toots" Bryan and his hot
cornet as guest artist.
3:30-WRC, "Wilkes-the Man Who
Discovered a Continent" is the
World Is Yours dramatization.
4:30-WRC, Gov. Raymond Baldwin
heads the Connecticut Presents
Show, which includes a program
by the Hartford Symphony Or
chestra.
7:00-WOL, Washington newspaper
correspondents conduct a round
table discussion on national de-
fense on the American Forum of
the Air.
8:00-WJSV, Jessica Dragonette,
James Newill, Linton Wells, Leith
Stevens and Orchestra and the
Mercury Chorus are featured on
the Summer Evening Hour:
"Woodpecker Song" Adamson
"All the THINGS You Are. Kern
Arss Msfs nfs %st. and oro1e;sFa sFa,u,
"Through the Years" Youmans
TOO Romsntic% aMA ana B1rPe 1rfaestnd ana Monaco
Orchestra.
Sm''0"h NeSei Orchestra roster
Garry AIRY. Me Back to Old virz rz,,
Hsis MS Re- gss, and chorss sswsra sana
"Swanee River - Foster
IF You Want Girl
Ball and Dillon
The Maids of Cadiz' Delibes
.u, Miss Drasonette and Orchestra.
"The Old Oaken Bucket" Trad
With the Wind and the Rain in
Your Hair" Lawrence and Edward
Medley from Noel Coward's Bitter
sweet: Polka" Orchestral, "Zi-
geuner'' miss Dragonette) "The
Call of Life" (orchestra), 'pll See
You Again" miss Dragonette, New
i'll. chorus and orchestral.
8:30-WRC, Frank Mum Sings
Dvorak's "Songs My Mother
Taught Me" as his featured solo
on American Album of Familiar
Music.
9:05-WOL, Symphonic hour with
Henry Weber's Concert Orchestra,
Marion Claire soloist.
9:30-WRC, Secretary of State Cor
dell Hull speaks on Foreign
Trade"
9:30-WJSV, The Columbia Work.
shop presents Carlos Chavez in a
program of Mexican music.
Evening star., 1940-05-19
THE SUNDAY STAR WASHINGTON D. c. MAY 49, e4o-pARr FIVE
This Weeks Features

MONDAY: WMALr-Junior High
Schools, $3.50; Paul v. McNutt,
$50; National Radio Forum, 1890.
WRC-Alfred Wallenstein SYM
phony, 7::30; Alec Templeton, $50.
WOL--Mrs. Roosevelt, 8; Repre-
sentative Wright Patman, 1915.
WJSV-Radio Theater, 8.
TUESDAY: WMAL-School Science
Parade, 11:15 am; Cavalcade OF
America, 8. WRC-Fibber MCGEE
and Molly, $3.50. WOL-Lest We
Forget, 1880; Composers Series,
$50. WJSV-Public Affairs, 9:15;
Eastern Carolina Singers, 1O:30.
WEDNESDAY: WMAL-Northwest-
ern University Candle Lighting,
9; Legend of Simon Girty, 1890
WRC-Hollywood Playhouse, 7;
Plantation Party, 7::30. VOL
Percy Faiths Orchestra, $50; Ro-
mantle Cycles. $50. WJSV-Star
Theater, 8; Senator Styles Bridges,
9:15.
THURSDAY: WMAL - Music
American, z; Wyman and Thi-
bault, $50. WRC-Bing Crosby, 9.
WOL-~Herbert Hoover, 8 80; Mich
igan Music Festival, $50. WJSv-
Vox Pop, $50; Hull House Ami
versary, 9:15.
FRIDAY: WNIAL-Home Town, Un-
incorporated, 8. WRC-Frank
Blacks Concert, 7; Human Nature
in Action, Gas. WOI-Alfred Wal
lenstein's Sinfonietta, 7:30; Com
mand Performance, $3.50. WJSV-
Kate Smith Hour, z; Grand Gen.
trail drama, 8.
SATURDAY.: WMAL-Radio Guild
drama, 7:30: National Barn Dance
8. WRC-Art For Your Sake, 6;
Frank Black Presents, $3.50. VOL
Mozart Opera Series, $50; Old
Dominion Barn Dance, 10. WJSV
Peoples Platform, 6; Your Hit
Parade, 8.
Evening star., 1940-05-19
COMPLETE RADIO PROGRAMS SCHEDULED FOR THE COMING WEEK

Refer to published daily last changes
IN these tings notes features OF outstanding
presentations foreign ne,os uariety
| steal periods.
Morgan County Democrat. (McConnelsville, Ohio) 1886-1943, 1940-06-13
WPA MAKES SURVEY OF
EDUCATIONAL WORK

A continuous campaign to head
off possible subversion of illiterate
and foreign-born residents of South
eastern Ohio is being waged by
WPA adult education teachers, ac-
cording to Fred L. Roose of Zanes-
vile, district WPA manager, in re-
vealing results of special recent
survey of educational work. The
survey, made during normal five
day period, showed $40 classes in
adult education, with 1856 en-
rollees, in Is counties. Thirteen
counties had 70 classes in which l.
090 men and women were learning
to read, write and do simple arith-
metic In eight counties-Belmont
Carol, Guernsey, Hooking, Jeffer-
son, Muskingum, Noble and Tuscar-
awas, sos foreign-born persons in
SO classes were studying democrat
ic principles, U. S. history, laws,
customs and the English language,
so they could climb the ladder to-
ward citizenship.
"Ability to read and write is con-
sidered a prime requisite in any
battle against subversive influence,
and it is generally agreed that per-