davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
La gaceta., 1940-06-11

ceriar a Paris y espera la ayu-
da italiana en- Ell sur.
I'm decreto de Mussolini
publicado hoy, ordena confis-
car las industries y los conner
clos de los extranjeros con GU
yos paises esta Italia en- que
ira.
La gaceta., 1940-06-11
Ell TEMPO

Nublados para hoy y mahana,
con probables liuvias para Ia
tarde de hoy. Maxima tempera-
tura, aver, 80 grades; minima,
en- la mahana de hoy, II
La gaceta., 1940-06-11
l~NGLATERRA AL Ola
Esperase la entrada de Tur-
quia. - La Princesa Juliana

Londres, JUNO 11.-No sc
ha eXpedido noticia official al.
guna sobre los ataques de TIA
liza a Malta Y Gibraltar. Ell ga.
bine,e turco ha sido llamado a
session y creese que Turquia
dec.arara la guerra a Italia, en-
solidaridad con los Aliados.
LEGO hoy a Halifax, en- ell Ca.
NADIA, la princesa Juliana, he
redera del trono de Holanda,
y sus hijos. La reina Guillermi-
ma sigue en- Londres.
Luego de calificar de acto
coherde ) traidor la entrada
de l,alia en- la guerra, ell go
bierno sc propone ayudar a
Francia, por mar, terra Y al
re, con todos sGs recursos. FL
gcbieno admiti6 aver la perdi-
da del portaayiones Giorioso,
de 22,550 toneladas, Y otros
barcOs con un tonelaje de 3d.
200. FL peri6dico laborissa
Daily Herald dice Aoy que
Espaha entrara en- la guerra,
en- favor de los totalitarios,
creyendo Que la victoria de
5stos es inevitable"
Mas de 1000 italianos de la
Quinta Columna fueron inter-
nados hoy en- ell pals. Motines
provocados por la TRACTION tia
Llama ocurrieron en- diferentes
lugares, la policia tuvo que in
teyenir en- Londres, Glagow,
Edinburgh, Belfast, Edinburgh
y otras poblaciones.
Ha sido suspendida la Sc
sion secreta del Parlamento,
cOnvoeada para hoy. Venta-
mas de varios restaurantes tia
lianos fueron apedreadas, La
policia secreta apresura la re-
cogida de italianos.
Disturbios ocurrieron tam
bi6n aver en- Toronto, Canada.
Los despachos de Madrid ase-
guran que Franco recibi6 con
relativa ansiedad la noticia de
la entrada de Italia en- la que
ira. FL gobierno falangista a
nuncia que esta listo para de-
fender su territorio. No es cier
to que los italianos hayan sido
llamados por su gobierno. f.
xiste la creeneia de que los tia
lianos tienen tornado un ejer-
otto en- Espana y que 10 man
da ell general Gambara. La a
viaci6n inglesa continGa de :
mostrando extraordinaria ac-
tividad. Una columna alema-
ma, en- territorio frances, fu6
bombardeada desde 1000 pies
de altura. Mas de $500 bonn
bias incendiarias Sc arrojaron
en- Ardennes y sus cercanias.
Los cazas ingleses siguen de-
sarrollando extraordinaria e.
fectividad. Una nota del 60
bierno dice; "Mussolini ACADIA
de entrar en- la guerra sin ell
apoyo de su pueblo. Frente a
la amenaza de esclavitud de
los nazis, cada hombre debe
buscar la victoria, sin impor-
tarle ell costo.
La gaceta., 1940-06-11
ESPANA REITERA SU PO-
SIClON DE NEUTRALIDAD

Madrid. JUNO 11.-El gobier
no de Franco riter6 hoy 81 ac-
titud de neutralidsd, q pesar de
Ia entrsda de Italia en- Ia que
ira.
On eOmualcsdo ea &c OsaH.
La gaceta., 1940-06-11
FRANcIA EN- LUCIA POR
IA LIBERTAD

Baricadas en- las GALES. - FL
GObierno en- Tours. - Bonn
bardeAdas lSa Columns nAzis
La gaceta., 1940-06-11

do sc die en- 81 m~Inistsrio Dc e..
tsda
Evening star., 1940-02-25
AutOnotive Briefs

Donald c. Barnhart, Washington
district manager for Nash Motors,
Inc, announces the appointment Of
Mitchell's Motors, Inc, 1907 Four
teenth street NV as authorized
Nash dealers. Mitchell Harson,
president of the new leadership, has
been associated with the automobile
business here for many years.
Maj. Henry Cunningham, Alexan-
dria branch manager of the Ford
Meter Co., announces that the 81 900
prize ii the first February used car
contest. sponsored by Metropolitan
Ford dealers, was won by william
E. Dodson, 4405 Sixteenth street
northeast. This Is the first Of two
81 600 prizes to be given during the
month Of February. Judges in this
contest are M. o. Eldridge, assistant
director of traffic; Alvin @. Ehrlich,
president Advertising Club, and
George E. Keneipp. Washington
manager Keystone Auto Club.
oscar Coolican, president Of the
Packard Washington Motor Co.,
Packard distributors for Washington
and surrounding territory, an
nounces that Packard Motor Co. Is
sponsoring an amateur photogra-
piers contest which is open until
March IS. Prizes will be five new
Packard cars, $500 in cash and $50
merit awards. Packard distributors
and dealers are providing settings
for the pictures and issuing entry
blanks.
Evening star., 1940-02-25

Mrs. Catharine Tidball and John
Donnelly, third.
Kennedy -Warren-Mrs. Robert
Martin and Louis de Cazenove, first;
Mrs. Charles Shafer and James A.
Dearing, second.
Mrs. D. E. Stephan's Studio
Tuesday afternoon, Mrs. w. s. Athey
and Louis Tubbs, first, North and
South; Mrs. Oliver Hoyem and Mrs.
Mary Plum, second; Miss Mabel
Tobin and E, A. Perkins, third; Mrs.
Frieda Boyce and Mrs. Claire de st.
Aubin, first, East and West: Mrs.
Ruth Kavanaugh and j. A. Dearing,
second; Mrs. Katherine Johnson and
Roger Payne, third. Tuesday eve
ming, Mrs. Eugene Nolan and Miss
Thelma Goodstein, first; Mrs. D. E.
Stephan and Mrs. Frieda' Boyce,
second; Mrs. Alma Byrne and P. E.
Henninger, third. Wednesday, Mrs.
de st. Aubin and Mrs. Palmer, first;
Mrs. w. Tarplay and Mrs. j. A..
Long, second; Mrs. Ruth Kavanaugh
and Martin Hall, third. Friday,
North and South, Mrs. A. P. Stock
Wis and Herbert Shepard, first; Miss
Mabel Tobin and DR.. Conolly, Sec
ond; Mr.. and Mrs. c. M. Hall, third:
East and West, Mr.. Denman and
Mr.. Wagner, first; Mrs. Mary Mayer
and Miss Thelma Goodstein, second;
Mrs. Dora Schwartz and Mrs. Ben
Rossen, third. Saturday, Miss Edith
Cooper and E. A. Perkins. first; Mr..
Palmer and w. de st. Aubin, Sec
ond; D. Kendall and Mr.. Hertz,
third.
Evening star., 1940-02-25

cial automotive taxes fan into this
third division Of benefit" levies.
They were devised to provide funds
to build roads to get America out
Of the mud.
Other States were quick to follow
the lead of Oregon In levying taxes
on gasoline. This new source Of
revenue was solution to the prob
lem Of financing highway construc-
ton and maintenance, problem
which was assuming great propor-
tions as the number Of motor We
hicles increased. It was a simple
tax. fair In principle. Motorists
generally were glad to pay reason
able gasoline taxes that brought
better roads, which benefited not
only the motorist, but the entire
social and economic life Of COM
munities throughout the country.
BY the end Of 1920 five States had
adopted the gasoline tax, and dur
ing that year, the first full year
that gasoline taxation was in effect,
about 1000, 900 was collected. In
1899 the gasoline tax receipts in
the United States reached the stag
gering total for the year of more
than $1,000, 100000. Since the in
ception Of the levy more than
5000, ,000, 900 has been collected in
the United States, or an average
Of $45, 900 for every mile of road
in the State highway systems.
Within six years all but four of
the 48 States had levied such taxes.
Illinois and New Jersey held out
until 1927 and New York and Mas
sachusetts, the last States to adopt
it, until 1929. Thus within a dec
ade from the birth of the gasoline
tax in Oregon it had become an
important source of highway reve-
nue. to all the States. Currently
approximately rs per cent of the
total revenue Of all the States is
derived from gasoline taxation
State gasoline tax receipts are now
double the total amount Of taxes
collected from all sources by the
States before the World War.
Despite the fact that all the
States were collecting taxes on gaso-
line to provide funds for better
roads, the Federal Government In
1882 inaugurated an emergency
duplicating tax on gasoline. Con-
gress planned the tax to be tempo.
rary, recognizing that motorists al.
ready were paying State taxes or
gasoline. But the tax has been ir
effect for eight years. even though
the Legislatures of half the State.
have memorialized Congress for it.
repeal.
Not only did the gasoline taz
spread throughout the United
States, but it waxed fat. From thu
modest beginning of / cent a gal.
lon the rate of taxation increased
rapidly. The Federal tax Of l cen'
per gallon is collected in addition
| to the State levies.
Evening star., 1940-02-25

For the country as q whole, gas.
oline taxes now average about 20
per cent Of the retail price Of the
motor fuel.
Besides paying heavy gasoline
taxes, the motorists also pay regis
tration and other fees. In 1889
such fees amounted to about $4O0,.
OO0, 1000.
In a number of States the Leg.
islatures, on the plea Of emergency,
have diverted highway funds for
money to carry on general govern.
mental activities. During the past
quarter Of century the cost Of
State government has increased
enormously. The average State Is
now spending So for every 81 that
was spent in the pre-war years.
Under those conditions of spending,
many States found it hard shedding
when adverse economic winds blew
coldly on the Nation. Traditional
principles Of fair taxation were for.
gotten. Highway funds were raided.
Peter was robbed to pay Paul. Dur.
ing the past decade more than ST..
900, 100000 Of State automobile tax
funds have been diverted to purposes
other than highway financing. Mo-
torists have paid for 81 000, 900 900
worth of roads that they did not get.
Such disregard Of fair principles
of taxation, even in times when the
States are pressed for funds, Is
frowned upon widely. The mere
fact that State needs money, in
the eyes of many people, does not
justify raids upon the highway
funds. A private citizen, unable to
make both ends meet, would not be
excused by the courts if he pooled"
funds entrusted to his care.
Believing that the misappropria.
ton of automobile tax funds is in.
excusable under all circumstances,
the people of seven States-Califor.
mia, Colorado, Kansas, Minnesota,
Missouri, Michigan and New Hamp-
shire-have ratified amendments to
their constitutions which guarantee
that all automobile tax funds will
be used exclusively for highway inn
provement. Legislatures of five ad.
ditional States in 1889 voted to sub.
NIT to their voters similar amend.
ments for ratification. Public opin.
ion definitely is growing against the
practice of taxing motorists for
roads and then short-changing
them.
In the early days the motorists
paid willingly the levies on motor
fuel. But little did they realize that
gasoline would be regarded as tax
bonanza by the State and Federal
governments. Little did they realize
that layer after layer of taxes would
be piled on and that by 1899 annual
gasoline tax collections in the United
States would exceed the billion
dollar mark.
Evening star., 1940-02-25
NEWS OF THE MOTORING WORLD
2OO0O0O Motorists Throughout Nation Now Contribute One
Billion Dollars in Gasoline Taxes; Diversion Scored

Today the gasoline tax becomes Of
age. II has m annual income IL
more than one billion dollars con-
tributed by approximately q, ,000, 900
godfather motorists throughout the
Nation.
Twenty-one years ago today the
first gasoline tax In the United
States became effective. Oregon was
the pioneer State. Several bond
issues had been hoated to build
roads. The bonds were to be re-
tired from motor vehicle license
fees, but no provision had been
made for upkeep Of the roads. The
Legislature looked around for q
source Of revenue for highway main
tenance.
The solution was provided by w.
B. Dennis Of Carlton, Greg, chair
man Of the States Road Committee,
and others, who conceived the idea
Of imposing upon gasoline, whose
price In those days was nearly 30
cents Q gallon, a tax of / cent q
gallon to create road maintenance
fund. The law was enacted, and
the American gasoline tax was born.
The first gasoline tax law, as
adopted by Oregon, provided that
all revenue should be dedicated ex-
clusively to highway maintenance.
That incorporated a fair principle,
which was followed by other States
In enacting gasoline taxes-that
money derived from special gaso-
line taxes should be devoted only to
highway work.
. In providing that all gasoline tax
receipts be used exclusively for road
improvement, the Oregon legislators
followed the traditional American
principles of fair taxation. It has
long been recognized that there are
three broad types Of taxes, namely:
Cd Levies on wealth, ca taxes to
control forces in the public interest,
and 90 charges for special benefits
provided by public undertakings.
Taxes on real estate are examples of
levies on wealth. They are collected
according to ability to pay. The
AAdll III tIlC AldIlSlOIl pays IuOTc
property taxes than the man living
in a cottage.
The second type of taxes are those
to control forces In the public inter-
est. Tariffs are imposed frequently
upon imports to protect American
labor from competition of low wages
and low standards of living abroad.
High taxes on certain products aim
to discourage their use. But even
such levies can be unfair If excess
Sive.
The third broad type of taxes in
cludes those levies for special bene-
fits provided by the Government. A
city dweller pays for the water he
uses. The amount he pays depends
upon the benefits received. SINH
larly, the Federal Government
charges 3 cents postage on letter
That charge covers the cost of the
special service rendered.
Taxes on gasoline and other spe-
Evening star., 1940-02-25

foreign stamps, which he will con-
duct at the Collectors Club, New
York, on Saturday. Copies will be
sent to applicants forwarding post
age Immediately.
Employees of the important Enzalde
Corp. of Manila, P. l., have or
ganized a stamp club and are pub
fishing an illustrated quarterly
journal for the advancement Of cul-
tural philately.
The current 10-ore King Gustav v
stamps of Sweden have been re-
engraved.
Lithuaria, it is reported, soon will
issue q series of commemorative
to mark the restoration Of Wilma.
To publicize the organization Of
the Portuguese Legion, the govern
ment of Portugal has authorized q
special series Of stamps which
frankly are intended "for collectors" !"
Postmaster General Farley's sug-
gestion that the explorations Of
Coronado might be commemorated
in 1910 has brought the question:
WAS not the San Diego stamp Of
1885 supposed to honor the same
man and the same enterprises?"
Members and friends of the
Washington Philateic Society, Hotel
Mayf1ower, raised $58.70 for the Fin
nish relief organization at an auc-
ton of currency, stamps and covers,
conducted by Morton o. Cooper, on
Wednesday evening. Representa-
tives of the Finnish Legation, at
tending the sale, expressed their
appreciation in terms of grateful
enthusiasm.
Stamp meetings for the week are
listed as follows:
This afternoon at 4:45 o'clock
Washington Stamp Club of the Air
in cooperation with the Pan-Amer-
ican Union, Station VOL. Albert
F. Kunze will present a philatelic
romance dealing with Jose Marti,
national poet Of Cuba, and the beau
tiful Guatemalan girl who was his
sweetheart So
Tomorrow evening at 7-Wood-
ridge Stamp Club, Taft Community
Center, Eighteenth and Perry
streets NE. Alvin r. Meissner
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
artist, designer Of many popular
stamps of recent, years. will speak.
Tc row evening at 8-Capital
Preca- Club, room 6, Thomson
School. Twelfth and L streets NV
Program and bourse.
Tuesday evening at 8-Collectors
Club of Washington, Thomson
School. Members of the American
Hungarian Federation guests OF
honor. DR.. Thor Kerek, executive
secretary, speaker. Exhibition OF
stamps of Hungary by Mrs. Jane G
Richardson.
Wednesday evening at 8-Wash-
ington Philatelic Society, Jefferson
room, Hotel Mayflower, Connecticut
avenue and De Sales street NV
Exhibition of pre-stamp covers by
B. Jean Raleigh and historic letters
by James Waldo Fawcett.
Evening star., 1940-02-25

Among last weeks leaders were
the following: as
National Press Club-Howell
Game, C. B. Pennebaker and Ned
Brooks, first; Mr.. and Mrs. A. A.
Walters, second; Frank B. Lord and
Mrs. Mildred Linderman, third.
Roosevelt Hotel-Tom Flood and
Morris Portugal, first; Mr.. Nef and
Mr.. Itkin, second; DR.. Grewe and
Rush Buckley, third.
Mrs. Dixie r. Wright's Studio, La
Salle-Monday, Mrs. Mary johnson
and Tom Stevenson, first; James A.
Dearing and c. H. Parkman, second !;
Miss Hazel Ryman and DR.. H. J.
Werner, tied with Miss Kathleen
McNutt and w. A. Bolinger for
third. Thursday, Col. and Mrs.
E. B. Gray, first; Mrs. Charles I.
Brown and j. A. Dearing, second !;
Evening star., 1940-02-25

Trade team won 1914 out of 81
boards. r. Mullen and j. Roster,
Redskins, were high pair North and
South with 81 points, and DR.. Emily
Grewe and o. E. Mathews were high
pair East and West with 63 points.
The standings.
Evening star., 1940-02-25

The playing and bidding of the
hand were perfect. DR.. Conolly's
responses especially told his partner
exactly what he held and exposed
the psychic overcall of Mrs. Ferris
in North. When it became apparent
that East and West were on their
way to a vulnerable slam Mr.. Ferris
in South sought to make sacrifice
by calling seven clubs, which would
have been profitable to his side had
he been allowed to hold the con-
tract. His side would have been
set five tricks, which doubled would
have meant a loss of 900. When
he could 60 no further the declarer
Evening star., 1940-02-25

4SASAAAAOAAA, VIII PAuyCO 1AlCulSCAfCS
into bridge fame at the recent
Washington tournament. They
found the task Of defeating Louis
Newman and lie Roy Thurtell Of
Washington dimcult one, and the
margin Of their success was small.
Two Norfolk players, Herbert J.
Gerst and Ralph Magolius, were
third, and Mrs. Lillian Harrison and
Frank East, Norfolk, were fourth. $
At the close of the first session 1t
looked as If the championship
might come to Washington. James
G. Stone and DR.. E. B. Conolly OF
this city took the lead but were
afterward unable to maintain 1t
and finished fifth in the list. In
the final session Mrs. Alma Byrne
and p. E. Henninger, Arlington,
were the leaders but not by SUI
ficient margin to enable them to
overcome their low score in the first
two sessions.
The Folline-Salasky team, while
beaten out in two sessions, neverthe-
less won in the cumulate rating by
maintaining consistent score above
average throughout the series.
Other Washington players took part
in the event, but did not finish
among the leaders.
A special award won by Mrs. Fol-
line and DR.. Salasky, in addition to
the master points given by the
American Contract Bridge League,
will be trip to Holly, Fla, and
return, with entry paid to all of the
events in the Southeastern Contract
Bridge championships to be played
there March 14-17, inclusive. The
award also includes free accommo-
dations for five days at the Holly
wood Beach Hotel. James H. Lemon
was the local committee member
Of the Virginia Masters Champion
ship games. The play was limited to
those holding at least one master
point or one convertible master
point.
One of the hands which enabled
James G. Stone and DIR. Conolly to
lead in the first session of the Nor
folk Masters Championship games
is given below. 1t illustrates the
futility of a non-vulnerable minor
suit interference bid carried to un-
warranted heights. 1t often results
in vulnerable opponents being driven
to a small slam, or even a grand
slam, which they might otherwise
not have contracted to make.
The deal:
Evening star., 1940-02-25
In Local Bridge Circles
Virginians Retain Honors in State Meet
By Frank B. Lord.

The Vhgnians remain the bridge champions
State Notwithstanding strong competition Washington Baltimore
and Phladepha in the second Championship
games held last week at the Monticello Hotel Norfolk The
was IN three sessions with eminaons all participants playing
throughout the series.
The winners salasky
Evening star., 1940-02-25

Jennie Kouba, 1924 Grenshaw
street, Chicago, ILL.,, would like to
exchange duplicate poster stamps
with collectors. She will send Is
different varieties to applicants for
warding stamped and addressed en-
velopes.
Evening star., 1940-02-25

First-day sales of the 10-cent
Mark Twain stamp at Hannibal
February 13 totaled 207,648 stamps
sold and 1904 covers Cancelled,
marking the largest first-day sale
Evening star., 1940-02-25

The Chamber of Commerce, Dur
ham, N. c., has appealed to POST
master General Farley to authorize
a stamp to commemorate the resto-
ration of national unity following
the Civil War. It is proposed that
the stamp be issued on the 18th
anniversary OF the surrender Of Gen.
Joseph E. Johnston to Gen. Will
Nam T. Sherman, an event which
occurred on April 26, 1865. near
Durham and which is memorialized
in a monument consisting Of two
columns supporting an arch In
scribed With the. word Unity" Col
lectors favoring the plan are in
vited to communicate with Mr.. Far
ley directly.
Evening star., 1940-02-25

Carl E. Pelander, sos Fifth ave-
nue., New York City, has brought
out an attractive catalogue for m
auction sale Of United States and
Evening star., 1940-02-25

Sweden has honored her most
popular national poet. Carl Michael
Bellman, by issuing two stamps COM
memorating the 200th anniversary
of his birth in Stockholm February
4, 1740. The design for both ad-
hesives shows plaster figure Of
the poet.
Evening star., 1940-02-25

- a q N y
y None
9 OK
4 K ok xxx
Mr., Stone and DR.. Connolly we're
playing East and West. Mr.. Stone
was dealer in West, and his side
was Vulnerable. Their opponents
we're Mr.. and Mrs. Ferris, Rich
mond, who were not vulnerable.
The bidding went.
The Phoenix index., 1940-08-17

pressure on the Negro would doubt
less be somewhat relieved.
Had the Negro been willing to
begin at the bottom. where all
great peoples have begun, had ne
accepted the doctrine of industrial
education as a steppingstone to
the professions; had white collar
ism" been postponed for overall
ism" until sound economic fou1-
dation was laid; had full advan-
tage been taken of the possibilities
which inhere in manual and
menial labor, the road Of the fu-
ture would not be SO darkSome
and uncertain for Che Negro.
What we might have done and
what we actually did in the face
OF the greatest opportunity that
ever faced a lowly people, consti-
tute colossal tumble on the part
of Negro leadership. The brick
layers that Washington sought to
turn out. would have been Con-
tractors today; the traitors woulc
have been clothing merchants, and
the walters would have been res
tauranteurs and caterers Of large
pretenSlons.
SELL DOOM FOR US
When the Negro's attention was
diverted from what he had to do,
to what he wanted to do. some
body fumtled sadly. 1t is even So
today; there is quite difference
between what he wants to do and
what he has to do to survive. Our
educational set up is designed to
satisfy our wants rather than our
needs. 1t was sad enough to SEE