davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-10-30
An Ancient Principle

ConScrlpt1On is as old as organized
society. 1t was customary in the
valley of the Nile at a time when
Egypt was the most notably civilized
state beneath the shining sun. So,
too, able Greeks and Romans
were expected to support the social
institutions of the nations to which
by birth they belonged. That similar
conceptions prevailed among the
Hebrews is revealed in the injunction
to Moses, reported in the Book of
Numbers, "to take the sum of all
the congregation of the children of
Israel +"s with - the names, every
male by their polls, from twenty
years old and upward, all that are
able to go forth to war"
But the element of compulsion
which occasionally has been stressed
unduly by modern writer's was not
so important in antiquity as it sub
sequently became. Conscription, it is
true, was enforced" yet it was re-
garded as a privilege among certain
peoples-the Spartans, for example.
Enrolment in the fyrd of the Saxons
in Northern Europe and in Britain
was deemed a natural right which
no man willingly would relinquish.
The Latins for long period insisted
upon a property qualification on the
theory that only such soldiers as
were affected by economic deter
minism" of that variety could be
trusted to exert themselves in battle.
Later every citizen was obliged to
serve from his seventeenth to
his forty-fifth years" The consuls
annually announced - by
herald or written order that levy
was to be made" All persons indi-
Gated assembled in the Campus
Martius or near the capitol, where
the consuls assisted by the legionary
tribunes" chose as many as were
needed from each tribe.
The very word "conscription" is
of Roman origin-from "conscribere,"
meaning ito enroll" In contem-
porary usage, however, the raising
of armies by drafting citizens traces
back especially to the French Revo-
tuition and the Napoleonic wars
which followed the overthrow of the
monarchy. The military establish
ment of Louis XVI had included both
volunteers and men commanded"
to serve. When the king was exc
cuted and the new republic-largely
because of that tragic event-was
attacked by it's natural foes" it was
decided that universal military serv-
ice should be obligatory upon all
male beneficiaries of the projected
Evening star., 1940-10-30
THIS AND THAT
BIZ Charles E. Trdce1DeH.

listened to an unusual towhee whose
cry makes her think Of Robert.
The song we have heard most is rather
a questioning '"Tow-hee?"
So far, our pet chewink has not re-
turned
He was at the feeding station beneath
the rhododendrons all last fall and
winter.
He has been with us for three years.
Usually he arrives late in October, and
remains until sometime in May.
We have never seen a mate. She
probably likes to spend the winter in
the South, while he prefers Chevy Chase,
Md, though just why he liked the local
weather last winter is a minor mystery.
There was very little to like about it,
as far as we could see.
When spring comes, both Of them start
North, she from the South, he from
Maryland.
Naturally they meet far TO the North,
just where we would very much like
to know, but never will.
n n
This morning we saw, for the first
time, male cardinal taking a BATH
This was sight we had been hoping
to see for more than 10 years While
there can be no question that cardinals,
both male and female, do bathe, Just
as most birds do, 1t is undoubted thai
they are rather secretive in the habit
In some yards they bathe openly, but
in others they are shy.
There he was, q most gorgeous fellow,
standing on the rim of the bath, which
is about feet across, on pedestal
Would he go in?
No sooner was the question asked,
than he answered 1t by doing exactly
that thing.
And such Topping of wings you never
saw.
He must have kept it up for fully a
minute, then suddenly took off from the
water, not from the rim, flying to a
nearby shrub, where he proceeded to
preen himself.
Not all cardinals are so red. Some Of
them are softer, some more orange
tinted, some with more deep red, while
occasionally one Of them assumes really
a glowing tone, like fire.
This was a glowing bird, which would
have been visible as far as the eye could
see. II is no wonder that in the early
days of the Republic, men with long
rifles used them for targets.
Both males and females winter in this
vicinity, and are among the surest
visitors to local feeding boards.
We have had as many as nine pairs
in the garden, others great many more
but the usual average is four birds.
In respect to this fine creature, il
should be pointed out that the female
with her softer colorings is quite as
beautiful as the male. She is the pastel
member Of the family, and, in some
respects, even prettier than he, at least
so some of us think.
Evening star., 1940-10-30
YuqosIovio Reflects

Since Rumania's recent dismem-
berment and subjugation between
Russia and the axis, Yugoslavia has
become the largest and most power
full Balkan state. With territory al
most equal to the combined areas of
New England and New York State,
with a population of 100000
reckoned as fierce fighters, and with
a well-equipped army which could
reach 100000 on full mobilization,
Yugoslavia is a factor to be reckoned
with.
In the war that has just broken
out along It's southern borders, Yugo-
slavia's sympathies must be whole
heartedly with Greece The two
countries have been on the friendli-
est terms, and Yugoslavia's main
commercial outlet to the sea is at the
Greek port of Salonika, where the
Yugoslavs enjoy a free port. BY
contrast, Italy is regarded as Yugo-
slavia's most dangerous potential
enemy. Should Italy conquer Greece
and join hands with Bulgaria, an
other enemy, the Yugoslavs would be
perilously isolated and encircled.
Yet, despite these obvious facts,
Yugoslavia has consistently adopted
an attitude of prudent reserve. Brit
ish diplomacy failed to induce the
Yugoslavs to link up with Greece and
Turkey in a common front against
axis encroachments, and today the
despairing appeals of the Greek gov
ernment seemingly fall on deaf ears.
Apparently no further military prep
arations are under way, still less
general mobilization.
Yugoslavia's stubbornly isolationist
neutrality is usually ascribed to its
exposed strategic situation, wedged
in as it is between Italy and Ger
many, with a hostile Hungary for
good measure. Yet the present
Balkan trend is so perilous for the
national future and the YugoSlavs
themselves are such stout hearted
folk that there may we'll be other
reasons for this passive attitude.
The answer presumably is to be
found in the country's internal sit
uation. Yugoslavia has the misfor-
tune to be made up of many diverse
elements whose domestic quarrels
chronically have complicated its ma
tional life and at times have threat
ened downright disruption. The
core of the country is Serbia, a rugged
land with a primitive, intensely pa
triotic folk. In the short space of
Evening star., 1940-10-30
Gives Reasons for
Supporting WilIkie.

To the Editor of The Star:
What is the conscientious voter to do9
On one side he hears charges of die
tatorship" On the other, "appease-
ment."
The S. E. c., he learns, is benehcent
device to protect investors against STOCK
market sharps-or it is an example OF
administrative restrictions strangling
business enterprise.
Has labor merely been confirmed in
its right to bargain collectively has
the administration, as charged, made
impossible the normal friendly relations
between employers and employees"
On reciprocal trade agreements Mr..
WILKES position is not perfectly clear.
Mr.. McNary fatty opposes them. His
party's platform condemns their failure
to require congressional approva" d.e.
tariff log-rolling). Here it would seem
the palm should go to the Hull pro-
gram for its courageous effects to re-
store economic sanity in a world that
insists upon exports, but balks at
imports.
The Hague machine, some w. P. A.
scandals, etc? Yes-but likewise mem
cries of public utilities swamping Con-
gressmen with kilograms signed with
names copied from telephone directories.
In defense. agriculture, civil liberties,
unemployment compensation and old
age pensions the differences between the
two parties are insignificant.
If the above factors alone were to
determine my vote it would go unhesi-
tatingly for F. D. R. But there is some
thing elsa very big something else.
Businessmen and investors almost unani-
mously lack confidence in the admin
istration. Barring state socialism, our
appalling problem of unemployment can
be solved only by these men. To my
mind their fears of Government perse-
cution, imitation, taxation and labor in
transigence are about rs per cent base
less. But because they do fear these
things, and because they think they
would be indefinitely more secure with
a Willkie administration and because
finally every ones job depends on what
these business leaders think-I shall
vote for the gentleman from Indiana
vineland, N J. ROBERT S. FIELD.
October Is.
Evening star., 1940-10-30
David Lawrence
Held Inconsistent,

IHCOHSIStent.
To the Editor of The Star:
In The Star of October "a David
Lawrence says: "Cordell Hull will be
asked to serve as Secretary of State If
Wendell Willkie is elected President"
thus insuring continuity of foreign
policy" THE truth is" Mr.. Lawrence
goes on, "Mr. Hull" (and not Mr.. Roose-
velD rs the man who knows most about
foreign policy and has steered the Amer
ican ship of state these last several
years" But the Republicans, including
Mr.. Willkie, maintain that Roosevelt's
foreign policy is leading us to war. If
the policy is, therefore, not Roosevelt's,
but Hulls, then the appointment of Hull
would surely mean that the chariot of
state would not miss a single revolution
on its road to war.
Mr.. Lawrence goes on to say further
that 'retention of Mr.. Hull as Secretary
of State would tell all the world. includ-
ing the dictators, that they had not
gained a thing by the defeat of Mr.
Roosevelt. Whatever rejoicing they
might do would be completely submerged
by Mr.. WILKES announcement of his
intention to retain Mr.. Hull" Surely Mr.
Lawrence is not admitting that the
dictators would be glad to see Mr.. Roose-
welt defeated, when he devoted column
the other day trying to prove the op-
posite. Consistency, thou art a jewel"
PAULINE D. TAYLOR.
Friendly, Md,
October IS.
Evening star., 1940-10-30
Virginian Opposes
Third Term.

To the Editor of The Star:
AS you will see by this I am no New
Dealer. I live here in rural community
and have been living there since the
New Deal was started. I will say that
there has never been a family in this
county of Rappahannock, Va, that
would have suffered for any necessities
of life if the head of the family had
been willing to work for living wage.
I will say further that the so-called
prosperous farmers of this county receive
in benefits from the New Deal more
than their State and local taxes. I
know that we taxpayers, If we live
long enough, will have to pay this money
that has been squandered by the New
Deal.
am against the third term, and
am particularly against third term for
F.D.R. BOOTS STROTHER.
washington, Va, October -.
Evening star., 1940-10-30

Some Of the boys who laughed at
the 1918 wartime snapshots of dad
in his adam's-apple cruncher will, it
appears, soon have to undergo the
same choking sensation. They can
be thankful the War Department
has not any of those 72-button revo-
lutionary leggings left over.
Evening star., 1940-10-30

Dispatches state that the Duke of
Windsor is now pedaling a bicycle
between his home and his guberna-
torial general Office. This makes an
upper berth probably the only form
of travelling accommodation which
he, as yet, has not experienced.
Evening star., 1940-10-30
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address of
the 1Driter. although the use of
q pSeudonynl for publication is
permissible. The Star reserves
the right to edit all letters tUith
q Uie1U to condensation.
Evening star., 1940-10-30

=. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to
the use for republication of all news dispatches
credited 10 it or not otherwise credited In this
paper and also the local news published herein
All rights of publication of special dispatches
herein also reserved
Evening star., 1940-10-30
Dictionary
Is Good Book
For Any Child

Learn a few words each day and you
will soon have a fine vocabulary. Get
this modern Webster Dictionary that has
nearly 400 pages of words in common use.
Also special supplements containing new
words, standard abbreviations, foreign
words and phrases, common errors, curl
Gus word origins, words derived from
persons and places, short words, long
words and official guide to compromising.
Printed on Bible paper and bound in
pliable imitation leather. A handy-sized
volume for home, Office or school To
secure your copy inclose 25 cents in coin,
wrapped in this clipping, and mail to
The Star Information Bureau.
Name
Street
City
State
Evening star., 1940-10-30
Huskin's S Answers
To Questions
By Frederic J. HaSktn.

A reader can get the dnS,1er to any
question OF fact By ,Drtting The Eue-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred
eric J. Hasktn, director Washington,
D. C. Please tnclose stamp for reply.
Evening star., 1940-10-30
Rate by Mail-Payable In Advance.
Member of the Associated Press.

Entered as second-class matter post ONCE,
Washington. D. c.
Evening star., 1940-10-30

@. How early does baby begin to
think?-G. A.
A. Karl Buhler in his book, "The
Mental Development of the Child" says
that the first signs Of thinking occur at
the age Of from 10 to II months.
Evening star., 1940-10-30

@. Please give the date and cost of
the cleaning of the Washington Mon
ument.-E. r. @.
A. The Washington Monument was
cleaned for the first time in 1934-5
by P. w. A. The scaffolding was started
in August, 1894, and the work on the
Monument took five months. The cost
was $4,000.
Evening star., 1940-10-30

@. Is 1t legal for a newspaper carrier
to put paper in the mailbox, If he has
the owners permission?-D. S.
A. The Post once Department says
that mailbox is erected only for re-
ceiving mail and that the carrier is not
permitted to put the newspaper in the
mailbox even If ne is given the consent
of the owner
Evening star., 1940-10-30

@. Are many Of the glass bottles used
in this country imported?-R. C. G.
A. The glass container industry is
essentially American. More than 1000
900 900 American-made bottles went into
the market last year.
Evening star., 1940-10-30

@. Who invented the Caminez air
plane engine?-J. H.
A. 1t is the invention of Harold Cam
inez of Indianapolis and was patented
on July 81, 1926.
Evening star., 1940-04-08

and, in turn. pass the good word
along to you. Latest discovery In
this line is not entirely new, but
1t has proved to be one that lives
up to every claim made for it.
The product is q liquid base which
supplies needed protection from the
dry winds of summer and which
also lends q soft, velvety appear
ance to the skin, causing makeup
to 60 on more easily and last much
longer. The film is transparent,
thus encouraging the high-lighting
Of the natural undertones Of in
dividual skins. More than that
(and there Is more)! you'll notice
a new softness and smoothness in
the very texture Of your skin. But
a tiny bit is needed, so while it Is
precious 1t Is also economical. A
bottle will last for months.
Plus all the advantages we have
mentioned, the base is also excel
lent for use on your arms and
back when you wear evening clothes.
And If We know anything about it,
and we like to think we do, there
are many times when the appear
ance of shoulders and back could
be improved by a bit of protective
covering in the form of natural
looking and helpful foundation.
Too often these areas are neglected:
and just as often they are the ones
really in need of care. I'VE could
go on about this for hoursD
Evening star., 1940-04-08
Care Of Cookies

Like cakes and pastries, cookies
should cool completely before stor-
ing In q covered lar or box.
Evening star., 1940-04-08

informal fun, not highly organized
party, but just catch-as-catch-can
get-together, where everybody does
pretty much as he pleases. They'll
love 1t!
OF course, we realize that lot of
girls feel that there is an insur-
mountable obstacle to their following
this plan. They don't think their
homes sare suitable places to bring
their friends, particularly their dates.
In a few unfortunate cases this
feeling is justified. But in far more,
it is merely another aspect Of that
teen-age self-consciousness which
We discussed not long ago in col
nmn called Ashamed Of Their Fami-
lies"
Your Home Is
All Right.
We know one girl who went with
boy regularly for whole year and
never once asked him into her home.
She was living in small fiat after
her family had had to move from
big house, and she was ashamed
for this boy to see it.
The boy understood and accepted
the situation, but he was still little
hurt by it. And If the girl had
summoned up the courage to ask
him to come to her home, he would
literally have been delighted. 1t
wouldn't have made the slightest
difference to him that the living
room was small and crowded, and
that the furniture was old.
Any worthwhile boy would feel
the same way. II q boy would turn
up his nose at the place where you
live. it's a pretty good indication
that he's not worth dating, anyway.
1t may not be your home that
needs changing, but your attitude.
Or your boy friend!
Pointers on Popularity" con-
tains many = hint that smart
Evening star., 1940-04-08
NoHappiness
1nSwapping
Husbands
Permanency Must
BE Idea When One
Enters Marriage
By DOROTHY DIX.

1t is announced that in Holly
wood, where heretofore the matri-
monial slogan has been "One hus-
band more" and where the collect
ing of wedding rings has been a
popular fad, that the innovation of
the one-man system of marriage is
to be tried out. A club called lone
Husband, Inc.," has been formed,
the members of which are pledged to
restrict themselves to a single hus-
band and to revive the old-fashioned
theory, prevalent in grandmothers
day, that the first marriage Is as
likely to take as the last one and
that there is no profit in swapping
husbands. These are tidings OF
great joy. If this organization sue
ceeds in making it fashionable to
have one wedding instead of a sue
cession Of them it will work a great
social reformation. It is idle to deny
that the cinema stars set the styles
in morals as well as hair bobs and
clothes for the great majority OF
women. These copycats will fol-
low the movie stars back into the
domestic fold just as they followed
them out of 1t and into the divorce
courts.
If there is one thing that human
experience has proved more than
another, it is that a sense of perma-
nence is at the bottom of all happi-
ness and success. When we know
that the die is cast and our fate is
sealed we accept it, adapt ourselves
to it and try to make the best of it.
This is just as true of marriage as
it is Of everything else. Perhaps
when we get our matrimonial bar
gains home and look them over we
feel that we have been gypped. We
see flaws in them that we did not
perceive in our courting days. They
are not all wool and a yard wide as
We thought they were when they
were trying to sell themselves to us.
They are not our taste. Probably
there is hardly a marriage in the
world in which the participants
don't go through that experience of
disillusion and disappointment in
their mates.
But if they feel that they have
made a contract that they cannot
break; if their sportsmanship will
not permit them to let down the
little children they have brought
into the world and deprive them of
a peaceful home to grow up in and
both father and a mother to guide
them, they put their dreams Of what
might have been into cold storage.
They make the best of the mates
they have. They keep their eyes on
their duty instead OF on fascinating
strangers and achieve a friendship
with their husbands and wives that
is in reality the best thing that mar
riage has to give.
1t is the men and women who 70
into marriage with no intention of
staying married If they don't like it
who make failures of it, as they
would of any other undertaking that
they entered into in the same spirit.
They are like the people who are
always shifting from one occupation
to another and who are unsuccessful
at everything.
Evening star., 1940-04-08
GuessWOrk
Ousted in
Cookery
Use Thermometers
To Insure Perfect
Results Always
BY BETSY CASWELL,
Wonan's Editor

WUHicH GultOI
This, you may remember, Is the
rest Of the release from the Bureau
of Home Economics of the United
States Department of Agriculture,
the first half of which we printed
last Monday. The information on
temperature control in food prep
aration and storage should prove
helpful to even the most accom-
plished cook or housekeeper. Sci
ence keeps marching on to help us
In the smallest of our daily tasks!
The bureaus release continues:
""The oven thermometer and regu-
lator are helpful in following exact
temperatures for baking. They offer
a simple way to make sure that the
oven is low enough to cock dishes
made with eggs or other delicate
proteins without toughening them
They also assure you that the oven
Is the right temperature to give
pan Of rolls crisp crust without
burning the edges. In fact, these
instruments serve as useful guides
In baking most any food exactly
right.
The roast-meat thermometer Is
another device that helps the cook
to turn out perfectly cooked meats
Inserted into the corner of q ham,
a prime rib cut of beef or leg of
lamb and left there all the time
the roast Is in the oven, it will tell
when the inside of the roast is
cooked to just the desired turn
Because the thermometer tells the
temperature in the center of the
roast (the part that gets done"
last), 1t shows when the meat is
exactly right for serving. And it
keeps you from overlooking the
meat and wasting more than neces-
sary through shrinkage.
when it comes to deep-fat fry
ing controlled temperature is par
ticularly important. And deep
fat thermometer that clamps over
the side of the pan is much more
convenient method of indicating the
temperature of the fat than the
test of browning a cube of bread
In certain number of seconds.
with the thermometer right in
the fat and showing exactly how
hot it is, it's possible to make
French fried potatoes the same
golden brown every time. And the
thermometer is safeguard against
fried failures, such as soggy dough-
nuts with cracked crusts from fat
that Is too hot and grease soaked
doughnuts from fat that isn't hot
enough.
THE proper temperature is also
important in storing foods before
they are cooked. There are some
foods, such as bananas and sweet
potatoes, that keep best at room
temperature. Others require good
refrigeration to prevent the growth
of bacteria.
DAIRY products, broth and des-
serts are most likely to spoil and
need temperature under As de-
grees (which is usually found
only in the coolest part of the re-
frigerator. Uncooked meats and
salad green's belong in the next
coldest place. And for the safe
keeping of all foods the tempera-
ture should be under so degrees F..
throughout the refrigerator. A re-
frigerator thermometer may be
helpful in finding the coolest spots
and in deciding how to arrange
food on the shelves"