davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-02-08
Never TooLute To
Mdil Contribution
Big Flood Of Birthday Cards
Continues To Pour In
At White House

Washington, D. C. (ILNS)-It is not
too late to mail birthday greeting
cards to President Roosevelt, William
Green, American Federation of Labor
president and chairman of the Labor
Division of the Committee for the
Celebration of the Presidents Birth
day, stated here.
Although the President celebrated
his 5Sth birthday on January 30, birth
day greeting cards bearing dime and
dollar contributions to fight infantile
paralysis will be just as welcome at
the White House now as they were
during January, Chairman Green ex-
planned, announcing that over $500
in birthday card donations had been
received at Labor Division headquar-
ters alone, since January 90.
Birthday greeting cards from the
nations we'll wishers are pouring into
the White House at the rate of about
$4,000 day, of which about one-third
are from individual members of or
ganized labor, it was learned.
Union Sends $500
Some of the cards are addressed to
Labor Division headquarters for for
warding to the White House, although
most of them are being mailed direct
to the President.
Local 148, the Newark, New Jersey,
unit of the International Union of
United Brewery, Flour, Cereal and
Soft Drink Workers of America,
mailed "happy birthday" greeting
card to the Labor Division with a
check for $500 enclosed in it, the
largest greeting card donation yet to
come to the attention of the Labor Di-
vision, exclusive of birthday candle
donations which were tabulated as
separate account known as the cake
fund. A. E. Zusi is treasurer of the
Newark local.
Several $l00 Checks Received
- Several checks for $1O0 each from
various union locals throughout the
country were also received in this
weeks mail exclusive of the hundreds
of thousands Of cards sent in by men,
bers of organized labor throughout
the country direct to the White House,
of which no accurate tabulations and
totals are yet available.
Counting room tabulators are about
$50 mail bags behind in their work
and will not catch up for some time.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-02-08
Wharton Resigns
As AFL Officidl
Surrenders Office Of Fifth
Vice President Because Of
III Health

Miami, Fla.-Arthur o. Wharton,
former president Of the International
Association of Machinists, rendered
his resignation as fifth vice president
of the American Federation of Labor,
and therefore as member of the A.
F. of L. Executive Council, because
of i'll health, William Green, president
of the Federation, revealed at the con-
cfusion of the first days session of
the midwinter meeting of the Coun-
ell here. He resigned as president of
the International Association of Ma
chinists last November for the same
reason.
Mr.. Wharton has filled many i'm
portant positions in the organized la
Dor movement and the Government.
He was elected general chairman of
the international Association of Ma
chinists in 1903 and served as presi-
dent Of the Railway Employees De-
partment Of the American Federation
of Labor from 1912 to 1918. He was
appointed president of the Machinists
Association effective July l, 1926,
elected president for the term July l.,
1927-July l, 1929, and was reelected
for every term since then.
In 1928 James Duncan, first vice
president of the American Federation
of Labor, died, and Martin F. Ryan,
sixth vice president, was named treas
urer to succeed Daniel ]. Tobin who
had resigned. To fill one of these va
cancies the Executive Council ap-
pointed Mr.. Wharton to the position
Of eighth vice president. He was
elected eighth vice president by the
1923 convention for the year begin
ming January /, 1929. By seniority
and election he became seventh vice
president in 1880, sixth vice president
in 1881, and fifth vice president in
1885, in which capacity he served un-
til his resignation.
Mr.. Wharton's service for the Gov
Continued on Page Two)
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-02-08
President Granted
Ten Per Cent Wuae
Boost By Members
Referendum Vote Ordered
By Lost Convention Fd-
vors Salary Increase

A ten per cent wage raise for the
office of president of the National
Brotherhood of Operative Potters has
been voted by the trade, it was learned
this morning when the auditing COM
mittee went over the ballots received
from the various local unions. The
committee was composed of Andy
Hughes, L. U. 10; Roy Broadbent,
L. U. 9, and William Stafford, l.. U.
131.
The referendum vote was in accord
ance with the wishes of the 1889 con-
vention which passed the following
resolutions:
Whereas, The membership of the
N.B.O.P. has tripled in the past ten
years and the duties of the president
Continued on Page Two)
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-02-08
Support Asked For
Locul II President
Extra Chuirs Needed At The
Last Meeting of
Organization

Local Union No. II had large turn
out at their last regular meeting.
Extra chairs had to be brought into
accommodate the crowd, this is the way
it should be every meeting night.
Election of officers was held with
Brother William White being elected
to the presidency. All he asks is a
little support from the other members
and he will do his share.
The next regular meeting will be
held Thursday, February Is, and we
would like to see the same crowd back
for this meeting. Don't forget $1.5O is
given away each meeting night. You
may be the lucky SO attend
the meeting.-O.C. n.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-02-08
Orqunized Labor
In Is Nations Are
Supporting Firms
Attitude Of American Labor
Lauded By Chairman
Herbert Hoover

New York City QLNS)-Organized
labor's drive in America to raise
money for non-combatant Finnish
civilians has the complete support Of
union workers in "a other democratic
nations, Herbert Hoover, national
chairman of the Finnish Relief Fund,
announced here.
Hoover made his announcement fol-
lowing receipt by the labor committee,
of a cable from Sir Walter Citrine,
president of the International Fedora
ton of Trade Unions, representing
approximately 22,OO0,OO0 workers in
rs nations, in which he lauded Ameri-
can labor's attitude toward the Finnish
crisis.
Simultaneously, William Green,
president, and Matthew Woll, vice
president of the American Federation
of Labor, and honorary chairman and
chairman respectively of the labor
committee of the relief fund, an
nounced that labor organizations
throughout the nation had lined up
solidly behind Finnish Labor Day."
which was observed on Feb. Z.
Sir Walter, who is also general Sec
retary of the British Trades Union
Congress, sent his cable from Hell
sinki, where he is making first hand
investigation of conditions among ref
ugees in the invaded sections of Fin
land as member of British labor
delegation.
Declaring that he was confident
American labor would give the max
imum support possible to Finnish suf-
ferers, Sir Walter said:
~ am witnessing on the spot the
heroic struggle of the gallant Finnish
people to resist brutal and unprovoked
Russian aggression and menace to
their democratic liberties and rising
standard of living and culture.
II am. delighted to learn of Ameri-
can labor's cooperation with the Fin
nish Relief Fund. The need here is
great and very urgent. am conf
dent that American labor will give the
maximum help possible"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-02-08

CONTINUED on Page Two)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-02

because the German and English
designers are smarter, but because
their designs have been worked out
and perfected under pressure and
in actual combat.
Britain's Planes Stand Alone.
But with all these qualifications
the fact still remains that the
planes that Great Britain is pro-
ducing for herself in British fac
tories under rain of German
bombs must still stand alone be-
tween civilization and the ,Luft-
waite. To date we have been wholly
unable to be of any assistance to
England in the most crucial phase
of the crucial fight for supremacy
OF the air over England.
If the Hurricane and tie Spitfire
had not been able to defeat the
Messerschmitt in combat over Eng
land, German bombers, instead of
scattering bombs by night over
Coventry in the dark, seeking to
blow industrial needles out of resi-
dental hay stacks, cropping blindly
and in general Intellectually for
vital targets, would long since have
been blackening the air over Eng
land by day, their dive bombers
would have been picking off what
ever they cared to pick off and
England would long since have be-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-02

come another Poland, bomb de-
stroyed.
AS long as the r. A. F. fighter
continues to lick the Luftwaffe
fighting plane this cannot happen.
But unless and until Americans
can produce fighting airplane the
specifications of which I will pres
emily decribe, the r. A. F. must
go on relying on British-built
planes. And in such a war as is
being fought over England it is
not the British that need American
help but the Americans that need
British help-in manufacturing a
fighting machine that can fight in
the big league.
Bomber Also Needs Guns.
SO much for American fighters.
Now about American bombers. Any
plane that can carry a large load
a long way is useful as a bomber.
For bombing at night 1t is not even
necessary that the plane fly fast.
But first-class bomber is bomber
that not only can carry a large
load of bombs to its objective, but
one which can defend itself from
attack by enemy planes. In this
respect the best American bombers
now being produced still are as
woefully deficient as the best Amer
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-02
American Planes Sent to Britain
Now Used Only for Training
English Build Flying Gun Platforms,
Not Fast Ships With Guns Added

have several important qualifica-
tions to make.
First. AS far as our own national
defense goes, it is probably not
necessary that we ever produce the
best interceptor fighter in the world
Because the best interceptor fighter
is highly specialized plane neces-
sary for defense only when the at
lacking bombers are themselves &C
companied by fighter planes-a sit
uation highly unlikely in the U. S.
A., which would first have to be at
tackled by bombers flying such long
distances that their protection by
enemy fighters would be imprac-
tical. Our planes can shoot down
unaccompanied bombers.
Small Percentage of Total.
Second. Just as shock troops are
at most small percentage of any
army, so the fastest and most lethal
fighter planes are a small per-
centage of any air force. And if we
have no aerial shock troops which
can fight alongside the r. A. F..
against the Luftwaffe, the planes
the British are getting from us are
anything but useless serve in
dozens of other important capaci-
ties.
Third. There were American
military observers in Great Britain
when was there They are at last
aware of the situation and they are
now bringing back first hand re-
ports to guide and modify our own
program.
And fourth, we have in manu-
facture in this country models
which probably will be able to COM
pete. put this fact only fourth in
my list of extenuating circum-
stances, because these newest Amer
lean models will not be ready until
late in the winter They have not
been tested in combat and if the
history of the production of new
models of airplanes teaches any
thing, it is that there are unfore-
seen imperfections and bugs in
every new model which take time
to be worked out. The German
and English planes are not better
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-02
By RALPH INGERSOLL.


The American fighter planes which
we have sent to England are not
fighting. AS fighting machines, they
cannot get in the same air with
either the Messerschitt ITO or 109,
both of which are already practically
obsolete and will soon be replaced
by the German superfghter, the
Messerschmitt 113, for which the
British are more than prepared, but
which will put the American fight
ing ships I saw in England another
whole airplane generation further
- out of date.
The deficiency of the American
pursuit plane is not primarily one
2 of speed. 1t is deficiency in often
sive gun power, American planes
: are beautifully built, safe and easy
2 to fly. But their characteristic arm
sment is battery of four machine
guns, whereas both the Spitfires and
the Hurricanes mount eight and the
: models which are about to succeed
the Spitfires and the Hurricanes
will mount 12-or eight machine
: guns plus four cannon. There are
other respects in which the best
2 American fighters compare unfavor-
9 ably with the fighters of the R. A. F..
r and the Luftwaffe, but this is the
- principal one.
Flying Gun Platforms.
The fighting power of a plane
cannot easily be increased simply
by sticking additional machine guns
i or cannon into it. The design of
fighting plane-which is after all
nothing but flying gun platform
must begin with its guns and the
plane must be designed around
them, the whole worked out to
achieve the purpose of carrying the
guns and their ammunition in the
most effective manner.
The best American fighter planes
already delivered to the British are
used by them either as advanced
trainers-or for fighting equally OBJ
solete italian planes in the Middle
East. That is all they are good for.
= Even the American R. A. F.
squadron-the Eagles-then train
: ing in England, which had planned
2 to use American Brewster Buffalo
fighters, had abandoned the idea
and were being QUILTED with
Hurricanes.
I was going to lead off with this
news-becauSe I was very shocked
by what I found out from the test
pilots and engineers in England and
what I saw at the station where the
r. A. F. tests its new models.
Several Qualifications.
did not break the story as soon
as I came back because I wanted
first to check what I had seen with
American experts, to find out
whether the situation was really as
bad as it appeared or whether we
really did have models which could
compete with the best British and
German fighters but which we were
simply keeping to ourselves.
After the best check I have been
able to make of models either in
production or planned in this coun-
try-and after conferences with au-
thorities on military strategy-the
above statement still stands, but I
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-02

can compete. And It's impossible
not to wonder what our American
designers and manufacturers were
doing through the years when the
Hurricanes and the Spithres and
the Messerschmitts were being de-
veloped.
II a hostile power with equipment
as good as this could ever establish
itself a bombing base close enough
to this continent TO protect its
bombers with fighters there would be
nothing we could do about 1t until
we developed such a plane. And,
to repeat, you cannot develop
major fighting machine overnight.
The Hurricanes and Spitfires, the
Messerschmitts and the still newer
British and German models have
been developed by long process OF
trial and error, gradual and con-
slant improvement.
(To be continuet)
(Copyright 1910. by the Newspaper Pm,
Inc, in United States, Canada snd al
right Union. Reproduction as whole or
in part strictly forbidden.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-02
lean pursuit ships now in England.

lean pursuit ships now in England.
This will not long be so, because
we are now Incorporating in our
bomber designs defensive devices
developed by the British. But 1t Is
true at present and the generaliza-
ton goes not only for the flying
fortresses but for every other Ameri-
can bombing plane, light and me-
dunn as well as heavy, now going to
Britain.
The defensive device referred to
Is the automatic revolving machine
gun turret. It's not hard to under
stand the defensive superiority this
turret gives Every American has
seen pictures of them-ittle glass
cubicles housing machine gunner
and a battery of machine guns.
ALPHABETICALLY operated, the turret
itself swings in a 180-degree arc.
And the guns can shoot from straight
up to almost straight down. In
other words, the turret can shoot its
battery of guns in almost any
direction.
Turret i'm Nose and Tail.
The no-secret of the British
bomber design is the wide tail of the
fuselage, which permits the attach
ment of one of these turrets so that
the gunner sits literally behind the
whole plane and can protect it from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-02

attack from the rear, from any d.
rection and from above and below.
If you accept the desirability of this
turret you will see at once the defect
in the American design for de-
fensive purposes by noticing how
this turret has to be attached in
converting the American Lockheed
into a military ship-it must be
stuck up in the middle of the back,
an air-resisting bump on log. And
obviously it cannot protect the plane
from attacks from the rear and
below.
The standard English equipment
On medium and light bombers is a
6urret in the nose and tail. In the
very largest bombers-even in our
flying fortresses-there are sddi-
tional turrets in the fuselage which
retract like landing gear.
In bombing an undefended objec-
tive by night defensive turrets are
just so much waste load to carry.
But already the Germans, as well as
the English, have night fighters, and
the British bombers over Germany
have SO far had a remarkable record
of success in shooting down attacking
night fighters. The revolving turret
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-02

has been an important reason for
this success.
Other Types Badly Needed.
These are the high lights of the
news on ..'how useful are our planes
to the British?" No Britisher would
make these statements as fatty as I
have made them. First, because
since they have developed their
own fighters which can beat the
Luftwaffe's best, and are contin-
uing to produce them in greater
numbers despite what bombing the
Germans can do by night, they do
not feel an acute need for help from
us in this department. Second, be-
cause they do need all kinds of other
planes - trainers, reconnaissance
planes and bombers, bombers,
bombers-and they are getting these
from us In increasing numbers and,
as I have said, our bombers are
now Incorporating the British re-
volving turret in their design.
But to an American it is shock
ing news that we have at this date
no planes that can fight in the
front line in the battle for the de-
Tense of England-and that we have
yet to prove that any of our models
now planned or in production ever
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-02

This is the thirteenth in q
series OF uncensored articles BY
the editor OF the newspaper PM.
Dho recently returned from
London.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-08-12
.Spanaway Picks
Its Fire Chief

SPANAWAY - Members of the
volunteer fire department seeking
to complete their organization
have made the following nomlna-
tons: Mrs. Irene Brewer, fire
chief: Frank Handy. assistant
chief. and Ted Wormold. treasurer.
The new chief asked Bob Hardy
to organize boys in the district In
behalf Of the department.
c. G. Grosser made a plea for
cooperation in behalf OF the or
gsnizstion.
II was announced a benefit for
the fire department would be
staged at the schoolhouse on Aug.
80, with program. dancing, cards
and lunch. James ockfen's orches-
ira will play and everything viii
be donated.
II Is hoped soon to get a 500
gallon tank for the new fire truck
and a booster pump. Meanwhile
donations Of old chemical tanks or
equipment are being invited.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-08-12
Stories in
Stamps
Clippers Ruled Secs
For Glorious DECIDE

THE Yankee Clippers were 'he
stresmliners Of 1850. They
filed a need for speed 70 link At
lsntic and Pacific and when that
demand slackened, the Clipper
gave way 10 heavier. slower cargo
ships. The Clipper Is preserved
for philstely on the Y. 5. 2o-cent
stamp above. showing the Clipper
'Chins Bird n San Franclsoo's
Golden Gate.
The California gold rush in is4s
launched the Clipper feet. Cali
fornia had money. needed sup
plies. There was . premium on
speed. The fastest ship made the
most profit. The China tea trade
also paid for speed. as did the
Australian gold rush
The Clippers were the racers Of
the sailing feet. They lowered
sailing time from New YORK 70
San Francisco from 100 days 10
100; some Of them made the trip
in 30 days The ships were long
and slim, with tall mssts carrying
all the sail . daring captain could
put on
Within 10 years, however. the
era Of the Clipper was ended.
leaving only their achievements a.
one Of the most brilliant chapters
N Y. S. mzritLms history.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-08-12
]. Speed Smith
New Bar Head
] cvye- Rep
Some Officials

olNNftA-J Speed Smith. 50
attic. Was new president ~ Wash.
ington state nsf association ~
asy. replacing Thomas n. Grady.
% Yakima.
Selection Vas made hy the ~
board Of governors and announced
1t = banquet Friday night. bring.
ma to a close the three DAY an
nusl convention q the asseela.
ton.
A capacity crowd jsmmed TIE
hail 10 hear L. : supreme Court
Justice william q Douglas. Gov.
Clarence y Martin and other Off
cisls speak
Douglas called On tho bar =
turn it, face 10 leadership Of
thought and action IN the country
today reSitahse democracy
and rclegate foreign ideology to
the psychiAtFio " rd."
The association Friday con.
demned prosecuting attorneys and
other lawyers en the public pay
rolls who engage in private prso-
tice on the aide.
Tho resolution on prc-ecu-
tor. called Tor appointment Of
committee 60 study the
situation. GRADY said ~ ap-
piled mainly 70 prosecutors
and their deputies In larger
counties. and h state EN-
plc,es In Olympia who rrsc-
tice Law II the same time
they are helag paid for their
public jobs.
The bar also adopted resolu.
ton asking the legislature 10
enact a Law settling tho priority
OF tax claims by various state de-
partments. calling for q law 10
settle difficulty Of pioneers OF
those born In country areas 10
secure birth registration cert.
ficates, condemnlng the high price
OF lAwbooks and codes. and asking
amendment Of the unemployment
insurance law to permit claimants
to pay their attorneys higher fees.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-08-12

year. What one needs from out
side must be ordered months and
months in advance. Mail leaves the
islands only three times a year.
There are practically no radios be-
cause first. there IL no electricity:
second. II is not practical 10 have
storage battery sets for batteries
fall 10 pieces in the dampness. and
gasoline generating sets are i'm.
practical because there In no gAso-
line. SO you see life Is quite print.
tive on the Galapagos.
Again at sea. we had a good
wind and made Florina. Here is
the barrel postoffioe that the
whalers used in the old days. Here
was left mail for any ship 10 take
to civilization. That custom pre-
walls today. We left mail there
for some ship to carry north and
we took mail that was there TO
mail in Tahiti. $500 miles away.
Again we haul anchor. This time
we were setting out on the 3012-
mile course across the Pacific TO
the Marquesas. We up with the
sails and away as though the 30
days ahead OF Us were but a DAYS
outing. Well. we are now four
months out. lacking two days. We
have already been 80 days out of
sight OF land 30 we feel that an
other 30 Will be right up our alley.
As 7 write this we have sailed
the 30l2 miles 10 the Marquesas.
We are In sight Of the island of
Ia Huka rs days and ~ hours
at sea will about tell the tale. See
you in Nuka Hiva.
This IL the end Of Chef
Dewey's letter. Now we sup
pose that the dirty work
around this department IL
again up TO yours truly. See
you Monday.-Casey)