davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-06-20

First Flight Covers will be avail able at The Empire office until 10 p. in. today. Mail closes at II p, m.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-06-20
DOW, JONES AVERAGES

The following are today's Dow, Jones averages: industrials l22.35, rails 25.51, utilities 2l.l0.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-06-20
DUKE OF WINDSOR LEAVES RESIDENCE,
 ON WAY TO SPAIN
Duchess Is Already Bound Somewhere According
 10 Cannes Reporits

BULLETIN-LONDON, June
 20.-Regarding various rum0rs
 afloat today in international
 circles, the British Ministry of
 Information announces tonight
 that it is ridiculous the report
 that an order has been made or that one is contemplated to arrest the Duke of Windsor"
 CANNES, June 20.-The Duke of Windsor left his Riviera residence by auto yesterday. headed for Spain. The American born Duchess had left the residence.
 The Duke has been in the south of France since late in May after leaving his post as Liasion Officer between the French and British 
 The Dukes exact destination Is not known.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-06-20

(Continued on Page seven
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-06-20

Continued on Page Eight)
Evening star., 1940-01-21
i. S. PUTS ITS. FOOT DOWN IN ASIA
How Far Will This Country Regarded Far More
Vital Than Economic Aspects

Uncle Sam has put his foot down"
in Asia. The Japanese-American Treaty
of Commerce and Navigation Of 1911,
denounced last year by the United
States, lapses on January 26. Not since
the Exclusion Act of 1924 has any action
by this country so thoroughly stirred
Japan. This effect was indeed intended.
BY this step Japan loses the guaran-
ties of MISREPRESENTATION treatment
Of its commerce, its shipping and its
citizens in this country. Similarly, we
give up claim to most-favored-na
treatment of our interests In Japan.
The way is opened for discriminatory
or punitive economic measures.
No Immediate Change Likely.
But most likely there will be no actual
change in our commerce with Japan
after the treaty lapses. Business will 60
along as before. Our cotton will go to
Japan. Silk will come here. There
will always be the possibility, however,
Of some change without notice, unless,
and until, a new treaty Is negotiated.
Senator Pittman threatens action. And
If such change occurs, retaliation Of
some sort may be expected, for the Japa-
nese are proud and sensitive.
Washington's diplomatic. cuf1 on
Tokios ear had as its purpose to remind
Evening star., 1940-01-21
By Herbert M. Braffer.

the people of Japan that they apparently
did not fully appreciate Americas
"riled" feelings concerning Asiatic devel-
opments Of recent years. It is an effort
to make our voice heard in Asia. The
point at issue, it should be noted, lies
not in our economic or political rela-
tions with Japan proper. It arises from
ton Is more result of Japans treat
ment Of China than Of Japan's treat
mont Of our citizens.
Ohacially, America has always insisted
on full observance of the 1921 inter-
national treaty concerning China-the
Nine Power Pact. The United States
continues to regard China as q country
whose independence should be respected
by other nations and in which Ameri-
can businessmen are entitled to all the
rights and privileges enjoyed by any
other foreigners, including the Japanese.
We are sorry for China.
japanese View Differs.
Japan, of course, holds a very differ
ent view about our role in the destiny
in East Asia. For that region it pro-
fesses sort of Monroe Doctrine"
The Japanese want a free hand in
China. They are annoyed at our inter-
ference. Their views of America are re-
flected in the editorial comment of
Miyako, Toxic newspaper, which says:
IF sentiment in the United States
toward this country is anything to go
by, it seems that it will be next to i'm
possible to adjust satisfactorily at pres
ent the relations between the two coun-
tries.'
American foreign policy is based on
two unreasonable ideas: The Monroe
Doctrine on the American Continent,
and the open door in China" states the
admiral.
The open door in China has been an
American doctrine for century. When
Washington insists on its strict observ-
ance by other nations it Is taking no
new position. To the United States
"the open door" means simply mo dis
elimination against our businessmen
and citizens: no monopoly by any one
nation" This is the present admins
trations policy. It has been our tradi-
tional policy. It Is indorsed by all
political parties here. In the Orient we
insist ON our right to trade.
For generations Americans have culti-
waited China with millions Of dollars of
religious, educational and charitable
donations and other evidences Of dis
interested friendship. When the Boxer
Rebellion Of 1900 had resulted in the
exaction Of large international indem-
nifty from Peking, we remitted our share
to China as gesture Of friendship.
japanese Trade More Important.
Our trade with Japan is much more
important than that with China. Con-
slider Just our exports to the Orient. In
the three years 1936-1938 our merchan-
disc exports to China dncluding Hong
Kong and Japanese-controlled Kwang-
tung) averaged only ~, 100000 per year,
while our exports to Japan averaged
$244, 100000, or more than five and one
half times as much. And no extraordi-
nary Omitted States expenditures were
Evening star., 1940-01-21

needed to secure or protect that business.
It fourished despite everything.
We are, in fact, Japan's largest GUS
toner and its main source of imports.
To Japan foreign trade is much more
important than to us. Whereas we
export altogether only 8 or 10 per cent
OF our output of goods, Of which in turn
about a twelfth goes to Japan, Japan
exports close to half its output.
In some lines Japan relies heavily on
the United States as source Of sup
plies. From us it has been buying be-
tween IS and 40 per cent of its imports
of raw cotton, wood and wood pulp,
hides and skins; 40 per cent of its lead,
IS per cent of its automobiles and parts
and petroleum, SO per cent of its ferrous
alloys, 30 per cent of its copper, scrap
iron and steel.
Perhaps Japan could obtain these
materials elsewhere. But to do so, even
In peacetime, would entail added costs
and difficulties which Japan can i'll
afford now. The cheapest source is the
United States.
Japan Needs U. s. Market.
Certainly Japan does not want tho
American market cut of. For example.
Japan produces three-fourths of all tha
worlds raw silk. Who would buy tho
Japanese silk we now are buying If ws
were to stop? Half of Japan's silk pro-
duction and IS per cent of its silk
exports go to the American market.
largely into the manufacture of women's
stockings.
Complete cessation of our commercial
relations would strike hard blow at
Japan. Also, 1t would hit some indi-
vidual American industries or COM
panies.
Apart from cotton, however, this coun.
try would not be very greatly incon-
venienced through loss Of the export
trade with Japan. We are economically
strong and big Our japanese export
market is consequential; yet we could
manage somehow without it. The ques-
ton is, are we ready to? "A
But 1t should not therefore be SUD-,
posed that because the United States Is
80 big and strong, 1t would escape the
Ill effects Of such punitive step. We
have much to lose from q severance Of
our trade with Japan. If this trade were
not profitable to both sides, 1t would
not now exist. It is profitable.
Silk Imports Essential Il
What would milady here do without
silk hosiery? It will be years before
the new product, nylon, can be used to
supplant the present silk trade with
Japan. OF the $84,000y0 900 of silk We
bought from Japan in 1898, almost seven
tenths went into hosiery. This seven-
tenths, or $58,000,0OO worth, was made
into products which involved more than
$215 100000 worth of American labor.
American materials, American selling
expenses, and American hosiery profits.
Similarly, the silk used In making Amer
lean woven goods, fabrics, yarn. under
wear. etc., involved additional work for
this country's 100000 silk workers.
Clearly the complete severance Of our,
trade with Japan would bs cutting ofR
our nose to spite our face. y
Evening star., 1940-01-21
Behind the Lines

War that has not come on Europe's
western front may have flashed briefly
behind the lines last Thursday when q
series Of explosions in English munitions
plants and arsenals killed five men, in
jured another score and destroyed con-
siderable property.
Despite public claims that blasts were
coincidental accidents. sabotage squad
of Scotland Yard poked and pried around
at least one of damaged factories-at
Waltham Abbey, just IL miles out of
London.
In modern wars trained saboteurs have
taken place among most skilled and ef-
fective troops" of belligerent nations.
In World War, German agents managed
numerous industrial plots in America,
mostly aimed at plants manufacturing
for allies before we entered conflict.
Since transport lines are warning ma
tion's most vital and vulnerable instru-
ment, Britain last week enlisted their
100000 railway workers in great network
of watchdogs. Action was precipitated
by reported discovery OF fearsome plot
against railroad bridges, utilities, public
works, ct al.
Before Parliament on Tuesday. peda-
Evening star., 1940-01-21
JACKSON'S POLITICAL STAR RISES FAST
Post of Chief Law Officer of Nation May Be Step Still Higher Place.
Many Washington Prophets Believe
By Joseph A. For.

metropolitan Jamestown It was Just
a breeze for the country boys, so when
the Frewsburger eventually went over
to the camp of the enemy to take his
final year of high school work, it was
with well-established reputation as a
speaker that was only enhanced by the
change of base. Some of his particularly
warm admirers were won't to compare
him with Daniel Webster, and they were
not quite certain but that Daniel was
getting the best of it by the comparison.
Hence the school annual eulogy.
Spends Year In Law Office.
Just turned 18 when he completed
high school, young jackson spent year
in Jamestown law Office, and then, In
one more year, completed what CUSTOM
arily was a two-year course in Albany
Law School. That institution was not
graduating 20-year old students, so
Jackson had to call around later for
his diploma. He had no fault to find
with Albany, however, for there he met
attractive Irene Gerhardt, a government
secretary, who later became Mrs. Robert
Jackson.
1t was not until he had attained his
majority, in 1918, that Mr.. jackson was
admitted to the bar in jamestown.
Prior to that, however, he had taken ad-
vantage Of the privilege of practicing in
Justice Court, and his earliest cases were
in defense of labor union indicted in
street car strike. A victory here paved
the way for other labor cases, and the
fedgling barrister soon had the reputa-
ton Of being powerful pleader for the
rights of organized workers. Once estab-
lished, Mr.. Jackson handled the usual
run-of-the-m cases that crop up in
medium sized city until in 1918 he be-
came municipal corporation counsel.
Here he had his first taste Of utilities
litigation, defending an attack on the
city-owned light and water plants.
Later, Mr.. Jackson was lined up on the
other side, representing the Niagara
Hudson Electric Co., and he probably
winces today when recalling his argu-
ments then that the city offered unfair
competition to privately owned utilities.
6AAOAA6 W40AA UAC 4NAo60A o.4AOAAoOAA VIC
up, Mr.. jackson had other corporation
connections, and intimates in upstate New
York consequently were not prepared
for the turn Of events late in 1887, wher
the then head of the Antitrust Division
of the Justice Department began te
make headlines by repeatedly belaborine
"big business" which he accused Of con.
Quoting "the first general strike in Amer.
lea" against the New Deal. Mr.. Jackson
had ready explanation: It was expert
ences from the vantage point of an in
slider that caused him to change.
Mr.. Jackson made an unostentatiou
entry into the New Deal ranks. Widel!
known in legal circles, he became &C
quainted with President Roosevelt whel
the Chief Executive was Governor o
New York. He came to Washington IL
1894 as general counsel Of the 1nterna
Revenue Bureau, where he won an in
come tax judgment against Andrew W
Mellon, although the former secretar.
of the Treasury was absolved Of an,
intent to. defraud the Government
Then came the Justice Department -
Evening star., 1940-01-21

Aboard three undersea ships were 100
officers and men; German sources later
in week said that
British Lose some of these had
Three Subs been rescued when
raiders were de-
stroyed. It was believed that vessels
were destroyed while attempting some
such exploit as that of Ursula, which
evaded NaN nets and mines to torpedo
two German cruisers in mouth of river
Elbe.
There were few merchant ship sink
ings last week, but those reported
brought total for war to about 800, with
aggregate tonnage Of some 100000. A
cargo of soya beans was blamed for one
casualty when water-swelled beans
forced plates of Danish freighter as it
was limping into port from mine explo-
sion.
British practices at sea continued to
rk American republics, Inter-American
Neutrality Committee debating crack
down" on cockneys for their disregard
of Western Hemisphere's Chastity belt"
Discussing ways in which American ma
tions could make it tough for craft of
belligerent nations, DR.. Charles Fenwick,
United States member of committee, re-
marked pointedly:
I'VE believe through history the bel
ugerents have had their way too long in
extending the war to every quarter Of
the globe"
And Secretary Of State Hull was equal
1y vexed at decision Of Britishers to rifle
Evening star., 1940-01-21

signment, where Mr.. Jackson first was
head Of the Tax Division.
The New Yorker began to make his
presence known nationally in backing
President Roosevelt's drive to revamp
the Supreme Court, but he took no part
in later efforts of the administration to
purge" those Senators who had op-
posed the plan.
In this connection an associate enjoys
relating an interesting incident.
A committee from the Georgia Bar
Association came to Washington in
search of q speaker, and Senator George
Of Georgia, one Of the foremost anti
:ourt-reorganization Democrats, suggest
ed that Mr.. jackson be asked to speak
Makes Position Clear.
well, Senator" Mr.. jackson said
when the invitation was rendered, 'the
difficulty with accepting the invitation
is that the only subject lawyers are in
terested in now is the court fight. and
am for President Roosevelt's plan and
you are against it. So, If go down into
your State and make speech on that
subject, it would be in opposition to your
views and that is not very gracious
way to treat an invitation"
II know that Is your position" Senator
George replied, "and know that the
position have taken will cause great
deal of criticism. but it represents my
beliefs. and I want YOU to 60 to the
Georgia Bar Association feeling perfectly
free to say whatever you wish on the
subject"
Mr.. Jackson accepted the bid, but con-
fined his speech to antitrust law en-
forcement, explaining to his hosts that
he was unwilling to say anything that
might embarrass Senator George.
In sharp comparison with the split
second speed with which his nomination
as Attorney General was approved, Mr..
jackson underwent a lengthy cross
examination by Senate Judiciary SUBJ
committee before getting the green light
on his appointment to succeed Stanley
F. Reed as Solicitor General two years
ago. The court fight and Mr. Jackson's
assaults on business were aired thor
oughly along with various unrelated
items before the questioners were satis-
ned as to his fitness.
Won Fl Cases, Lost 8.
AS Solicitor General, Mr.. Jackson es-
tablished notable record before the Su-
preme Court. winning n cases and los
ing three. One Of his victories came
when the constitutionality Of the Social
Security Act was upheld, and he also
was victorious in litigation testing the
milk-marketing agreements under the
Agricultural Adjustment Act, and in the
two cases that wiped out the old doctrine
Of reciprocal tax immunity Of employees
of Federal and State Governments.
Mr.. Jackson's administration as Attor-
ney General will be watched with In
terest for two particular reasons. He Il
inheriting q batch of antitrust actions
from his predecessor. Justice Frank
Murphy, and, having very definite idea!
as to the necessity for business reforms
is expected consequently to press vigor.
ously the anti-monopoly campaign, oncl
he has had time to get his bearings.
The other angle u political The ID
Evening star., 1940-01-21
On Land

Dramatic in its implication was the
dateline appearing at top of Associated
Press dispatches from northeastern front
OF Finnish-Russian war-"With the Gen.
tral Finnish Forces in Russia"
Stalked by ghost-clad Finnish ski
patrols and cold so keen-edged that it
froze men almost without their knowing
1t, Red forces that had bitten deep into
north central Finland-reputedly the
best OF Soviet fighters in current con-
f1ct-were finally folded back during
past week. In substance, story was same
as has developed with other invading
Russ columns; relentless bands of row.
ing Finnish skiers harassing supply lines
until the lowered morale and threat of
annihilation forced Russians to beat
backward. AS many as 10000 Bolo
troops were reported in retreating army,
their rear guard fighting desperately to
prevent the backward march becoming q
rout.
Shipping at their sides 1t was the Finn
patrols that penetrated Russian terri
tory, gaining little actual advantage
from their presence
Firms Fight there except to permit
In Russio stringing of barbed wire
and helter-skelter fell
Ing OF trees across narrow roads-all in
interests of impeding Soviet troops and
supply movements.
For military world grown accustomed
~ ~ Rrh of
these narrow piercing thrusts of Red
columns and counterattacks of Firms are
something new in modern fighting tech
nique. No long miles of trenches define
this northern battle-ground as they did
In France % years ago; instead infre-
quent and inadequate roads or trails
serve as arteries of invasion and de-
fense-easier for outnumbered forces to
cover or to clog.
Only on Karelian front, where Firms
have built Mannerheim Line and Reds
have constructed defensive" fortifica-
tions opposite, has this war settled into
more conventional pattern. There. and
around shores of Lake Ladoga, reports
OF weeks activities centered on patrol
skirmishes, similar but involving greater
casualties than French German outpost
engagements of past four months.
But despite valor of his people and
cooperation of weatherman, Finland's
Field Marshal Won
Monnerheim's Mannerheim spoke
Worning realistically last week
when he warned the
world that only by outside help can
his nation resist indefinitely the superior
numbers of Red invaders.
To correspondent of Paris Soir, he said:
I'VE will fight to the last of our old
men and the last of our children.
Evening star., 1940-01-21

!; to Russian Soil as Arctic Weather Slow

gogic Chamberlain, Britain's prime min
lister, and Leslie Hore- -Belisha, deposed
war minister, made
Hore- Be)isho innocuous declara-
Cose Echoes tions without reveal
ing real reasons for
dramatic shake-up Of British cabinet
early this month.
Insisting no change in army policy is
contemplated, Chamberlain clipped out
remark that "difldculties arising out of
the very great qualities (of Hore-Belisha)
made 1t desirable that q change should
occur" He indicated another post will
yet be found for "exiled" minister.
Included In Chamberlain report was
announcement that French British arms
loan Of 100000, 900 to Turkey had been
consummated. Informed sources esti-
mated at $340, 900 900 price to date which
allies are paying Turkey for her Near
East cooperation and free use of Darda-
nelles.
Parliament also heard from Britain's
minister Of economic warfare that finan-
cial and trade structures against Reich
in past 20 weeks have
Economic brought Hitler regime
Structures to point comparable
with Germany's World
War government two years after start Of
hostilities.
He did not dwell on fact that Britain
likewise already is tightening its own
belt by rationing Of sugar, bacon and
butter-imminent regulation Of meats,
clothing and other commodities; that
government is gravely worried over
wages, costs and prices-that it fears
inflationary conditions.
But recovery of British foreign trade,
good in early 1899, then down sharply in
September and October, began in No.
vember and continued through Deem
ber. More than million tons Of goods
destined for Germany have been seized
by allies since September, it was esti-
mated.
Really cashing in on wartime trade Is
Italy, host last week to Dutch and Swed-
ish commercial missions. Belligerents
as well as neutrals are using Mussolini-
land as axis for all trade stemming from
Mediterranean, Near East and more dis
tant areas.
Although Italy's stake in remaining at
peace is thus an exorbitant one, Fascist
party secretary warned nation and world
on Wednesday that:
There is no need to lull oneself with
the illusion that 1taly's present situation
with regard to war may last forever.
Fascist Italy may face the necessity and
duty at any moment of picking up
arms"
In Paris-French Parliament voted ex-
pulsion Of Communist public oficehold-
ers who have not disavowed their party.
In Tokio-New cabinet Of Premier
Yonai agreed Ito make the strongest
possible effort to adjust relations with
Russia"
Evening star., 1940-01-21

When Robert Houghwout Jackson
slained his Shoes slicked his hair and
stepped up to the principal of James,
town IN. " High to receive his diploma,
the school annual, duly recording the
ceremony, editorialized:
Mark you this promising young orator
from Frewsburg!"
Now, 80 years after, as Bob Jackson
becomes Attorney General of the United
States, there are lots of people who con-
tinue to hold the belief that he will bear
watching, for travelling the long road to
the National Capital, the illustrious
jamestown grad of 1910 generally has
given observers the impression of young
man going places, and the post of chief
law officer of the Government Is no
creaky springboard.
Persisted in Career.
The energetic New Yorker always has
had fairly well-developed sense of
direction himself, for when, after high
school, he persisted in the law career
that was to bring him eminence, it was
with the reluctant approval of members
VI OAAV 4oAAAAJ "AAO SOAAA AAOV vAoAOAA OAAJ
particular future for him at the bar.
William E. jackson, his father, who
ran hotel and livery stable in rural
Frewsburg, a few miles from Jamestown
In the southwestern tip of New York
State, hoped that his son would turn
to medicine; Aunt Lena Jackson-act-
ually q second cousin-held out for
farming.
The Jacksons came from Pennsylvania
farming stock, and Aunt Lena, living in
the old homestead in Warren County,
Pennsylvania, where Robert was born on
February 13, 1892, insisted that that was
where he belonged, despite the diagnosis
Of another cousin, a phrenologist, who
said that the youngsters head and eyes
indicated an inquiring and curious mind
that had no place on farm.
Even before the kinfolks had their say,
however, the object of their attention
had made up his mind what to do, an
old-style graphophone aiding materi-
ally In the decision.
Bryans Voice an Inspiration.
The venerable relic was the property
Of Q Frewsburg storekeeper, and some Of
the records reproduced speeches OF
William Jennings Bryan. Discovering
this, the boy virtually took over the
machine, and while there were customers
In that Republican neighborhood who
complained that they were getting tired
of hearing "You shall not cruelty man.
kind upon cross Of gold!" ground out In
the Great Commoner's best style every
time they came in for little soap, thu
protests availed nothing.
The oratory enthralled young jackson
and there was never any doubt IN hi
mind but that there was his meter
And what more logical than the law TO-
4 forum? At that, there might hav'
been q short time when the pulpit hae
its urge. for prohibition was live topic
and Robert Houghwout put in some Wig
orous Ncks for the w. G. T. U.
Mr.. Jackson made his first bid TO
forensic honors in Frewsburg Higl
School: There he organized a debating
team and, looking around for fields t,
eonquor, challenged the high school Il