davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-08-30

succeed, they must be compensated
by Hungary. Hungary will handle
all questions connected with the re-
settlement of optants In generous
and conciliatory spirit"
The part Of Transylvania left to
Rumania includes large German
minorities of Saxons and Swabians.
The Rumanian census Of 1890
showed 100000 Germans in Ru-
mania, nearly all in Transylvania.
Point four of the award stipulates
that Rumanian subjects Of Hun
garian origin, who are residents of
the area ceded in 1919 by Hungary
to Rumania and now remaining with
Rumania, are granted the right
within six months to decide regard
ing Hungarian citizenship.
Provision for Naturalized.
Both sides, according to point five,
agree to treat naturalized subjects
as born subjects.
Unforeseen problems arising are
left to the two governments under
point six.
1Aldt NJCl I1dlly dllu 1bdly lIllCIlQ
to stand by until the terms are
fully carried out is indicated by the
seventh and last point, reading:
I'm case difficulties or doubts arise
IN connection with the carrying out
of this arbitration award, the Ru-
manian and Hungarian governments
will seek a direct understanding
concerning them.
In case they do not succeed in
coming to an agreement concerning
some question, they will submit this
question to the Reich government
and the Italian government for final
decision"
Final negotiations to end the
long territorial dispute between the
Balkan neighbors were conducted
in the ornate, octangular gold room
of Belvedere Palace this afternoon.
Won Ribbentrop said the negotia-
tions had been conducted 'impar-
tally" that the outcome was just
and that 1t would bring lasting
friendly relations between Hungary
and Rumania.
Evening star., 1940-08-30
STAR, WASHINGTON D. c. FRIDAY AUGUST 80 1s

certain admittedly Rumanian dis
tricts and areas inhabited by
Saxons and Swabians. Eastward
the ceded area was expected to
extend as far as Brasoy, and to
some extent northward along
Hungary's old Carpathian
frontier.)
Soviet Invasion Threat.
Threat of an immediate Soviet
invasion as consequence of Hun
garian attack backed by the axis
forced the early-morning capitula-
ton to the four-power conference at
Vienna, where Rumania repeatedly
was told German motorized columns
and air force were ready to move at
a moments notice If the demand for
a part of Transylvania was ignored.
But as part of secret agreement
being made at Vienna, it was
reported reliably, German troops
will be sent Immediately to guard
Rumania's new frontier with Soviet
Russia.
Government circles said Rumania
faced overwhelming odds in a ring
of threatened invasions. Besides a
Hungarian invasion, backed by Ger
many, and the possibility Russia
would decide to move in from the
north and east in event of conflict,
Rumania also faced the possibility
Bulgaria would act from the south,
they said.
Given 5 Minutes to Decide.
An authoritative account of the
all-night palace conferences. in
which telephone contact was main
tanned with Vienna and parade of
leaders consulted with King Carol,
said that at one stage Rumania was
told she must make her decision
within five minutes.
At 12:45 am, the story said, For
eign Minister Manoilescu, with Ger
man Foreign Minister Ribbentror
sitting beside him, telephoned that
he had been given five minutes in
which to get a definite acceptance
of the Vienna plan from Bucharest.
If the five minutes passed without
Rumanian official approval, Ribben-
trop was reported to have said, Ru.
mania might face immediate inva-
sion by Russia on one side, and
Hungary, backed by the German
motorized columns and air force, on
the other.
Under the arrangement for mill
tary aid. German troops would have
to be moved through Hungary and
would be strung out all along the
Rumanian side of the new Russian
border. There was no indication OF
how many troops would be sent.
The Rumanian general staff was
reported to have advised the gov
ernment to accept the axis award at
Vienna on the ground that the Ru-
manian army would be helpless to
protect the country against pos
sible Russian, Hungarian and Bull
garian attacks, especially If these
were backed by the strong air fleets
of Germany and Italy.
Besides pressure from Hungary
and Bulgaria, informed circles saw
indications that Soviet Russia was
prepared to take advantage of any
Rumanian preoccupation on these
Evening star., 1940-08-30
Farley will Leave
Cabinet Tomorrow;
Bids Aides Farewell
Tribute Paid OfficiuI
In Senate Speeches by
Members Of Both Parties

James A. Farley was ready today
10 Withdraw from the national scene
after nearly q decade in the spot
light.
With his resignation from the
cabinet, effective tomorrow, the
Postmaster General was saying fare
well this afternoon to the several
hundred men and women in the de-
partment he has headed since 1898,
preparatory to returning to his
home In New York to engage In pri-
vate business.
Mr. Farley is not leaving the po-
litical stage entirely, however, as
he is retaining the Craftsmanship
of the State Democratic Commit
tee in New York and plans to have
an active part in the reelection
campaign of his friend, Senator
Mead. He has also pledged what
ever assistance he can redner to
Edward J. Flynn, who succeeded
him on August II as chairman of the
National Committee.
The retirement of Postmaster
General Farley was the occasion of
a number of Senate speeches in his
praise yesterday. Majority Leader
Barkley, Senators McKellar of Ten
nessee, Bone of Washington, Smith
of South Carolina and the two New
York Senators, Wagner and Mead,
all Democrats, were joined in these
tributes by Senator Vandenberg, Re
publican, of Michigan, who told his
associates that there is no political
division when we assess the ability
and friendship of man."
In the meantime, speculation CEN
tered on the identity of Mr.. Farley's
successor. President Roosevelt is
believed to have reached decision
on a choice, and while Frank c.
Walker, New York lawyer and thea
ter OWNER and former Democratic
national treasurer, is looked upon as
a likely selection, this appointment
apparently is far from a sure thing.
Evening star., 1940-08-30
Ultimotum Accepted,
Bucharest Announces

BUCHAREST. Aug. 80 P.-Ru-
mania announced today she had ac-
cepted an axis ultimatum in negotia-
tions for a cession of part of Trans
sylvania to Hungary, and reliable re-
ports said she had received in return
promise that German troops would
come speedily to help defend her
troubled Russian frontier.
The governments communique
declared that las a result of the
ultimate demand of Germany and
Italy, Rumania has decided to accept
arbitration on the Transylvanian
question"
Can official announcement in
Budapest said Rumania had
agreed to cede Hungary an es-
timated $4,000 square kilometers
(about 1900 square niles of
Transylvania to be transferred
within two weeks. Rumanian
officials are to withdraw under
the supervision of a mixed Hun
garian-Rumanian commission)
Qn Budapest it was understood
the ceded territory would exclude
Evening star., 1940-08-30
Wallace Speech Draws
Fire Of Republicans

The Republican National Commit
tee today paid its respects to the
acceptance speech Of Henry A. Wal
lace as Democratic nominee for Vice
President. saying that he made it
clear that President Roosevelt win
make his third-term campaign
against Adolph Hitler, not Wendell
Willkie."
Representative Short of Missouri,
according to committee statement,
said that for Mr.. Wallace, whom he
described as former pacifist," ito
try and convince the country that
Evening star., 1940-08-30

his ministers and other advisers
since the night the Russian ulti-
matum on Bessarabia was deliv-
cred, was counseled in making his
decision by hundreds OF political
personages who streamed through
the palace doors until after dawn.
Government quarters said Ribben-
trop minced no words at the Vienna
conference. but told the delegates
what had to be done under threat
of an overwhelming attack.
The Vienna conference was called
by Germany and Italy after Ru-
mania and Hungary had failed to
settle the Hungarian claim between
themselves at recent negotiations
at Turnu- SEVERN.
Evening star., 1940-08-30

1t will fall into Hitler's clutches un-
less Roosevelt is reelected Is sheer
est poppycock."
Senator Austin Of Vermont coun-
tered the candidates contention that
defense preparations met with
short-sighted obstructionist tactics"
by declaring that 'if 1t was shot in
the dark at the Republican party, it
missed its mark" while Senator
Bridges of New Hampshire declared
that "the suggestion that Roosevelt
and his New Deal following alone
have understood the danger from
Europe and the necessity Of standing
resolutely against it simply Is not
true"
Senator Townsend of Delaware
Evening star., 1940-08-30

frontiers by entering Southern Bu-
covina from the north and Moldavia
from the east.
The Official Russian news agency
made public note disclaiming So
Wet responsibility for border clashes
in Southern Bueovina, warning Ru-
mania Of the consequences" If such
clashes continued, and declaring
that Russian relations
would take a grave turn" If further
incidents occurred. These Moscow
warnings were discussed at an all
night government conference.
The army was ordered to be ready
for any emergency.
King Carol, who has spent many
hours each day in conference with
Evening star., 1940-08-30
Disciples of Christ
Elect Rev. G. H. Funk

SHENANDOAH, Va, Aug. 30
The Rev. c. H. Funk of Winchester
will head the valley district Disciples
of Christ during the coming year.
Also chosen at the final session
yesterday were the Rev. w. M.
Norment, jr.. of Woodstock, vice
president, and Luther Pifer of Win
chester, secretary and treasurer.
Evening star., 1940-08-30
Rumuniu
Continued From First Page)

CONTINUED From F1rSt PageJ
this right Of option must leave Hun
garian territory within the space of
one year and are to be taken over
by Rumania. They may take mov-
able property freely with them.
They may also liquIoate their i'm
movable property until the time of
their emigration and likewise may
take the proceeds thereof with
them.
I'm case the liquidation does not
Evening star., 1940-08-30

said that figures do not support Mr.
Wallace's contention that farm in.
come has doubled under the Roose.
velt administration"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-01-04
PEONAGE IN NORTH CAROLINA?

Washington, D. C.-The National
Association for the Advancement of
Colored People has asked the Depart
ment of Justice at Washington to in
vestigate an apparent condition Of
peonage in the vicinity of Yanceyville,
N. C. The NAACP request cited an
advertisement which appeared recent
ly in the Yanceyville Caswell Messen-
ger as follows:
"NOTICE-I forbid any one to hire
or harbor Herman Miles, colored, dur
ing the year 1889. A. P. Dabbs, Route
/, Yanceyville."
The Chapel Hill, N. c., Weekly
made an investigation in the area COW
cred by the advertisement and says
that the insertion of such notices,
reminiscent Of slavery times, is not
uncommon in that area of North Car
olina. Although such practices long
ago were outlawed by the U. S. Su-
preme Court, the North Carolina in
vestigation reported that the people
in the area ignored this fact and that
judges and politicians had not dared
to act in contrary manner. The
NAACP urged the Department of
Justice to take action under peonage
laws.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-01-04
Telegraphers' Union Drive Pushed

New York City.-Organizing work
of the Commercial Telegraphers Union
is going forward despite all obstacles,
Frank B. Powers, international presi-
dent, reports. He announces that a
charter has been issued to the teletype
and automatic branch of New York
and adds that news of organizing
work among telegraph workers in
Detroit, Philadelphia, Dallas, Char
lotte, Boston and Austin, Texas, is en-
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-01-04

| this lump-Sum payment will be de-
Quoted from his monthly benefits, later
on.
To receive monthly benefits in 1910,
a person must be 65 or older and must
show that he worked in covered en-
ployment, after 1886, in six different
calendar quarters; getting wages that
amounted to $50 or more during each
of such quarters.
A calendar quarter means three
month period. The first quarter in
cludes January, February, March; the
second quarter-April, May, June; the
third, July, August, September; and
the fourth, October, November, De-
cember.
For example: Suppose carpenter
now 65 years old was employed by
building concern for two weeks in
January, a few days in April, and for
a short time in September Of 1887.
Then again in 1888 he had a job in a
mill for short time in March, three
weeks in August, and all of Decem-
Der. That is, he worked some part Of
each three-month period in six differ
ent periods. His wages amounted to
$50 or more in each of these calendar
quarters. He would, therefore, have
six quarters of coverage. After filing
claim for benefits, he should be elig
ible for monthly payments in 1910.
If a 65-year old worker has some,
but does not have enough wage credits
to qualify for monthly benefits, he
may continue working in covered en-
ployment and build up these credits.
1t must be remembered that wages
earned during 1897 and 1888 count
toward od-age insurance benefits,
only if they were earned before the
workers 65th birthday. Since the law
has been changed, wages earned after
1888 count toward benefits, regardless
of the workers age.
Here is an illustration: Mr.. Mann,
who is now &C years old, clerks in
store every Saturday and often helps
in rush seasons. During two calendar
quarters Of 1887 he was paid $50
or more-in each quarter. He also re-
ceived $50 in wages in one quarter Of
1888, then he reached age IS. During
the spring of 1889, he was paid an
other $50 in wages. Now if he can
manage to earn wages of $50 or more
in the store during the last quarter
of 1889 and another $50 during the
first quarter of 1910, he will have six
quarters of coverage and will, there
fore, be eligible for monthly benefits
in 1910 when he files his claim.
Before the Social Security Act was
amended, wages earned by worker
after he had become IS did not count
toward benefits. Under the amended
act, this "stop- date" at age G5 has
been removed, so that worker may
continue to build up his social security
account as long as he has job COW
cred by the system.
The worker who was 65 or more
when the act first went into effect can
now establish wage record and re-
ceive credit, thereon, for all wages
paid to him in covered employment |
since 1888. In other words, the change |
with regard to workers past IS years |
of age became effective Of January l,
1889. Beginning with that date, wages
received in covered employment count |
toward insurance benefits regardless
of the age of the worker.
This change in the law with respect |
to older workers is explained below.
The statements apply only to jobs that
are covered by the act.
IA wage Garner who reached age
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-01-04

Many changes in the Social Security
Act were made when a bill to amend
the act was passed by Congress last
August. A few of the changes relate
to unemployment compensation; some
to public assistance and to other well
fare measures; but most of the amend
ments deal with that part of the law
which provides old-age insurance and
survivors benefits.
In the State of Ohio, more than g.
100000 persons now have social Sc
curity account numbers. Most of them
want to know how the changes in the
law apply to them. To supply such
information to our readers this paper
begins today, series of articles, each
explaining one point of the new So
cial security program.
Three of the amendments to the act
concern almost every family in the
United States. They are:-
1.-The wage tax of one per cent
remains the same until 1943. That is,
the tax bill will not be increased next
year, as was provided under the old
law.
I'm addition to monthly payments
to insured wage earners who are
eligible for benefits after reaching
age 65, monthly benefits will be paid
starting January l to the aged wives
and minor children of insured work.
ers. Monthly benefits also are pro-
vided for aged widows, for orphans,
and for widows with minor children
Of insured wage earners who die.
3.-Monthly benefits will begin two
years earlier than was provided in the
original act. Thus the first monthly
payments of old-age insurance will be
made in 1910 instead Of 1912.
Of particular interest are the
changes in the Social Security Act
which apply to workers who are nearly
IS and to those who have already
reached the age Of 65. Under the
amendments, these are the men and
women who may receive monthly old
age insurance benefits, payable Janu-
ary /, 1910, and thereafter
A man or woman who has held a
job in factory, shop, mill, mine,
store, hotel, theater, or in other en-
ployment covered by the Social Sc
curity Act, and who has reached 65,
may file claim for payment of monthly
old-age insurance benefits, provided
he has met few simple requirements.
During the first 212 years of the
social security program, payment of
old-age insurance was made to the in
sured worker who reached age 65 and
filed a claim for benefits. This pay
ment was in lump-sum. 1t amounted
to 3l2 per cent Of all taxable wages
received by the worker after 1886 and
before he reached age IS. The check
in most cases did not amount to as
much as $100; so, of course, it did
not furnish any lasting security.
Amendments to the Social Security
Act adopted last August, provide that
the lump sum payment to a worker
reaching age IS should stop immedi-
ately. Instead, the older worker now
has an opportunity to get monthly
benefit payments for life. The amount
of the check will depend upon his
wage earnings since 1886, but if he
qualities it will never be less than $40
per month.
Even if the older worker has already
received lump-sum payment or has
filed claim for such payment, he
may file another claim for monthly !
benefits. In case he has received a
lump-sum payment and then qualities
for monthly benefits, the amount Of
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-01-04

i7i I7rG1
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-01-04

Washington, D. C.-Warning that
war trade will not solve our economic
difficulties, William Green, president
of the American Federation of Labor,
said in New Years statement: eve
have learned the lesson that the
United States must stay out of for
eign wars"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-01-04

65 after 1886 and before 1889, will
count toward his benefits, all wages
he was paid after 1886 and before his
65th birthday, plus all wages he was
paid after 1888, regardless of age.
"A wage Garner who reaches 65
at any time during the year 1889 or
thereafter, can count toward benefits
all the wages he received since the
original act went into effect which
was January l, 1897.
"a wage Garner who was 60
years old before January l, 1887, will
count toward his benefits only the
wages paid to him after 1888.
The amended old-age insurance pro-
gram not only provides benefits for
the individual wage Garner but also
extends protection to his family. I'm
der the new program, the wife of a
retired worker is entitled to her own
benefit when she reaches age 65. The
payment to her will equal one-half of
her husbands benefit. A dependent
child under 16 Cor under Is if attend
ing school is also entitled to sep
arate benefit equal to one-half of the
fathers monthly check. Here is
table which shows examples of month
ly benefits for the retired wage earn
er and dependents; based on three
wears of coverap pe
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-01-04

The amended program also provides
benefits for the widow and orphans
of an insured wage Garner. In case
he leaves no such heirs, his dependent
parents may receive monthly benefits.
A widow over age 65 is entitled to a
benefit equal to three-fourths of her
husbands monthly benefit. A younger
widow who has minor children in her
care receives a similar benefit. In ad-
dition, dependent child under Is (or
Is if attending schooD receives a
benefit equal to one-half of the
fathers monthly benefit. The table
below shows examples of monthly
benefits for survivors of insured work
ers, based on three years of coverage:
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-01-04

Look for the Union Label when you
purchase clothing.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-01-04
Home Educofion
The Child's First School % the
Family"-Froebel

Issued by the National Kinder
garten Association, 8 West 10th
Street, New York City. These arti-
cles are appearing weekly in our
columns,
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-01-04

In figuring benefits provided under
the revised old-age insurance system,
a new formula, based on the workers
average monthly wage, has been
adopted.
To find this average wage" take
workers total wages in covered en-
ployment, as reported in his social Sc
curity account, and divide this total
by the number of months he could
have been III covered employment
Evening star., 1940-02-15

aid to Finland. or without passports
they have boarded ships bound 10
SCANDINAVIAN ports.
Loophole Reported.
II Is whispered In the Capital that,
regardless Of laws. the way may 30
smoothed by friends Of Finland for
especially desirable volunteers. An
experienced airplane pilot. for In
stance. may by diligent inquiry find
the right people In Warrington.
President Roosevelt noted recently
that IN American need not forfeit
his citizenship by fighting under .
foreign nag, provided he does not
take formal oath Of allegiance.
Col. zilliacus said he understood
Americans enlisting with the Finns
were not required to renounce their
citizenship.
Further, even II they have no
passports. volunteers may return to
the United States provided they
Evening star., 1940-02-15

American citizen under some cir
cumstances to fight TOR another
country, he may not legally enlist
or be recruited on American soil.
The Finnish legation has replied
mo, thanks" to thousands who have
offered to fight, Col. Per Zilliacus,
military attache, said.
Inquirers are told they must get
to Finland to enlist, and the state
Department will not issue q PASS
port for that ofhcially designated
dangerous area unless citizen gives
convincing evidence Of having 'im-
portant and urgent" bushes sthere.
Fighting does not fall into that
classification under present circum-
stances.
Those who have managed to 70
despite all this are believed to have
crossed the border into Canada,
where there Is presumably greater
leniency in view Of Britain's open
Evening star., 1940-02-15

which omcially let down the har1
yesterday against the enlistment Of
British subjects, the United States
Is keeping intact barriers which
relatively few American volunteers
have been able to surmount.
Those mentioned in Holsinki a
already under arms are mostly
Firms who returned from this coun-
try on their own initiative at the
start Of the Russian invasion, ON
cials believe.
Largely because Of State Depart
ment vigilance in behalf OF neu-
tralty since the start Of the Euro
pean war, actual American citizens
who have been able to join the Fin-
nish armed forces thus far are be-
neved far too few to form IN inde-
pendent unit such as the Abraham
Lincoln Brigade Of. the Spanish
Civil War.
Though 1t is not illegal for an
Evening star., 1940-02-15

have proof Of their citisenship. Thus
endsting h primarily Z matter oi
reaching Finland, which is far more
dtmcult than getting to Spain two
years ago, when volunteers merely
obtained passports good Tor travel "a
France and from France crossed the
border.
Volunteers were leaving England
for Finland even before bars were
omctally lifted. The Finnish Lega-
tton In London said last week that
applicants had been registered, but
that they travelled to Finland ION
their own responsibility"