davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-15
Concert Schedule
Today.

National Symphony Orches-
ira, DR.. Hans Kinder, con-
ductor. Constitution Hall, 4 pm.
Sunday Music Hour, Wesley
Chorus, Woodside Methodist
Church, Dorothy Radde Emery,
director, Y. w. C. A., 5 pm.
Conrad Bernier. organ re-
cital, shrine, Immaculate Con-
ception, pm.
The Freund Singers, Robert
Frederick Freund, director, Y.
M. C. A., 5 pm.
The Messiah" Washington
Missionary College Oratorio
Chorus, George w. Greer. di-
rector, Mount Vernon Place
Methodist Church, 8 pm.
Mathilde Kolb Bartle tt,
singer; EVA Noel, violinist;
Elena Barberi, pianist assisting,
Grafton Hotel Studios, $50 pm.
Tomorrow.
Pro Musica String Quartet.
Phillips Memorial Gallery, S
pm.
Evening With the Victrola,"
Public Library, 7:30 pm.
D. Sterling Wheelwright, Or
gan recital, L. D. S. Chapel, 8
pm.
Tuesday.
Hazel Harrison, piano recital,
Howard University. $3.50 pm.
Chamber Music Guild Quar-
tet, Carlton Hotel, 8:45 pm.
Army Band, Army Band
Auditorium, 2::30 pm.
Washington Civic Orchestra,
DR.. Kurt Hetzel, conductor and
soloist, Central High School,
8:15 pm.
Wednesday.
National Symphony Orches-
ira, DR.. Hans Kinder, director;
Joseph Szigeti, violinist, soloist;
Constitution Hall, 8:45 pm.
Dorothy Maynor, soprano,
song program, Library of Con-
gress, 8:45 pm.
Ida Hoyt Chamberlain, lee
ture-recital, Grafton Hotel
Studios, afternoon.
Marine Band Symphony Or
chestra, Marine Barracks, 8:15
pm.
D. Sterling Wheelwright, Or
gan recital, L. D. S. Chapel, 8
pm.
Thursday.
Nine. Alba Rosa, violin re-
cital, Washington Club, $3.50
pm.
Budapest String Quartet, Lii
brary of Congress, 8:45 pm.
Tuesday Evening Music Club,
Florence Howard, director, Uni
versity Club, evening.
Epiphany Church Choir,
Adolf TorovSky, director, can
delight service, Epiphany
Church, 4::30 pm.
Marine Band, Marine Bar
racks, 2::30 pm.
Friday.
Negro folk music, Alaine
Locke, Sterling Brown, Alan
Lomax, commentators; Library
Of Congress, 8:45 pm.
Friday Morning Music Club.
Irene Lerch, Etheldreda Kas-
par, pianists; Susan Oliver, So
prano; 1912 Mintwood place
NV, 1870 am.
D. Sterling Wheelwright, Or
gan recital, Edna Wheelwright,
soprano, assisting; L. D. s.
Chapel 8 pm.
Saturday.
Roland Hayes, tenor, song re-
cital, Library of Congress, 8:45
pm.
Army Band, Army Band
Auditorium, 1880 am.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-15
Organ Series Opens

This afternoon at o'clock the first
of six historical organ recitals will
be given by Conrad Bernier at the
Shrine of the Immaculate Concep-
ton on the campus of the Catholic
University. For this occasion Mr..
Bernier chose two "Chorales-Pre-
ludes," a "Vivace" from the 18th
Trio-Sonata," and "Passacaglia and
Fugue," by Bach; a Choral in B
Minor" by Franck, and shorter
numbers by Navel, Jongen, Bonnet
and Verne.
On January 10 Mr.. Bernier will
present the music of Handel and
the romantic period; on February
Is. compositions of the 18th through
the 18th centuries; March l6, repre-
sentative works of the 18th. On
April 20 he will honor American
composers. with a concluding recital
on May 18, which will be dedicated
to modernists of various nations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-15
becoming famous overnight.

becoming famous overnight.
On the second evening, the Buda-
pest Quartet, assisted by Gustave
Langenus, will perform chamber
music either by Negro composers
or else constructed from and influ-
enced by Negro themes.
The third concert, on Friday, will
be devoted to Negro folk music,
with commentary by Alain Locke
and Sterling Brown of Harvard Uni
versity and by Alan LomaX of the
Library of Congress. The festival
will close with a song recital by
Roland Hayes, the famous Negro
tenor. who will sing a program con-
sisting of an outstanding song cycle
and a number of Negro spirituals.
Two Anniversaries.
it has been customary in the past
for the Gertrude Clarke Whittall
Foundation to give a concert on
December 10, commemorating the
anniversary of Antonio Stradivari,
the maker of the beautiful collec-
ton of stringed instruments pre-
sented by Gertrude Clarke Whittall
to the Library in 1884. This year
the two anniversaries are being cele-
brated jointly, with the Library s
Stradivari being used by the Buda
pest Quartet on the second night
of the festival.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-15

Cole Porter has done 1t again.
Panama Hattie the latest Broad
way musical hit to which Mr.. Por-
ter has contributed his sterling
services, will stand as another mile
stone in the great song writer's ca
reer for the simple reason that it
boasts Porter music rating at least
on a par with his past successes.
Make 1t Another Fashioned,
Please" heads the Hattie" parade.
Played as beguine in the able con-
troll of Mitchell Ayres' band, it is
marked as the song to watch; and
Ayres' disking as the record of sew
eral weeks to come. The Fashions
in-Music version is full musical
treat, and as usual, Vocalist Mary
Ann Mercer may be held respon-
sible, along with the instrumental
scoring, for the discs surprising
quality. The same song handled by
Xavier Cugat on Columbia has its
merits, but Cugat's can't compare
with Ayres' record; Leo Reismans
job is pretty woeful, due primarily
to the Glass C vocal submitted by
Sara Horn. The shows next best,
my Mother Would Love YOU" re-
ceives kind treatment by Dick Jur-
gems band, always good on the sweet
and tender type.
Raymond SCOTS new orchestra,
virtually shorn of those fancy in
strumental tricks usually associated
with SCOTS name, plays sweet music
now, and to symbolic the change
has adopted new theme song,
pretty Little Petticoat." The style
is good, with just tint of radical
scoring. The theme is melodious,
graceful and somewhat nostalgia
invention. As for the rest of the
weekly consignment, they may cas-
lily be disposed of as follows: Hal
Kemp's Moon Fell in the River"
pleasantly done in the typical jit-
ter-swing style of Mr.. K; Glenn
Miller still hears that nightingale
singing in Barley Square-same
old Glenn; Jess Stacy carves some
neat designs on the worries, with Bob
Crosby'S band in Drummer Boy"
Tommy Dorsey drips Anything" on
one Victor surface, but has a grand
time jazzing Another One of Them
Things" on the reverse; from the
"Ice-capades" (brrr, such title) !;
Sammy Kaye does Somewhere"
which is slow Kaye, backs 1t up
with "Adi-Adi-Adios" which IL latin
Kaye; Bob ("Call Ne Glenn) Ches-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-15

Concertizing extensively in London
and the provinces, he appeared in
Joint recitals with the singer Media,
the pianist Bachaus and the great
pianist and composer Busoni. In
1925 he made his first American tour,
introduced by Stokowski and the
Philadelphia Orchestra.
Played for the first time by an
orchestra on Wednesday nights pro-
gram will be Mary Howe's Stars
This newest symphonic work Of
Washington's distinguished COM
poser was scheduled to be performed
by Stokowski and the All-American
Youth Orchestra at the Water Gate
last summer, but the privilege of
giving the work its premiere fell to
the National Symphony when the
Stokowski concert was rained out.
New to Washington audiences will
be the transcription for orchestra of
the Vivaldi-Bach organ Concerto, y
by Desc Antalffy. Mr.. DAntslf-
fy's arrangement was given its pre-
miere last February by the New York
Philharmonic Symphony under Bar
birolli. Mr.. D'Antalffy, who besides
being a composer of distinction is
also official organist of the New York
Philharmonic, will be present at
Wednesday nights concert for the
playing of the concerto.
Another first Washington per-
Torrance scheduled for the midweek
concert is The Circus Parade,p the
fifth movement of Douglas Stuart
Moore's Pageant of P. T. Barnum.
Mr.. Moore, who is connected with
the music department of Columbia
University. says that Circus Pa
rade" tells you of your own feelings
about the circus parades of your
childhood.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-15

Kinder has scheduled for this week.
For the lovers of familiar music, the
orchestra will play the third con-
cent in it's beloved masterpieces >
series this afternoon at o'clock
a program without soloist and COM
posed entirely of the works of Schu-
bert and Beethoven. DR.. Kinder
and the National Symphony will
present on Wednesday evening at
8:45 one of the worlds greatest
violinists, Joseph Szigeti, as soloist,
and a program which includes a
world premier and two numbers
which are being given their first
performance in Washington.
Two favorite Schubert sympho-
MES will be featured in today's
Beloved Masterpieces concert
the Tragic" (No. 4 in G minor :,
and the unfinished" mo. 8 in B
minor. To complete the pro-
gram. DR.. Kinder has pronounced
two Beethoven overtures-"Leonore
Overture No. 2" and "Leonore Over
ture No. g."
SolOist Second Time.
Joseph, Szigeti, who will be soloist
with the National Symphony for the
second time on Wednesday evening,
will be heard here in the course of
his 18th consecutive American tour.
Born in Budapest, Szigeti comes
frem a country that has produced
many great violinists, such as Leo
pold Auer, Joachim, Remenyi and
Jeno Hubay, with whom he studied
He made his first public appearance
at Is at the Royal Academy OF his
native city. Appearances in Berlin
and Dresden followed. then a debut
at Queens Hall, London, where his
success was so great that he re-
manned in England for five years
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-15

On Friday. the Friday Morning
Music Club will hold its meeting at
the Studios of Henry Kaspar, in
Mintwood House, at 1912 Mintwood
place NV. The program will be
given by Irene Lerch and Ethel
dreda Kaspar, pianist, and Susan
| Oliver, soprano.
There will be no program during
Christmas week, the regular pro-
grams of the club resuming on
January Sd, at Barker Hall, the
Y. w. c. A., Seventeenth and K
streets NV, at 1880 am.
This afternoon at 3 o'clock at the
Home for the Aged the Christ
mas vesper service will be given by
Louise johnson of Calvary M. E.
Church, assisted by Jane Malone,
pianist. Edith MacCartee. soprano
and Dorothy Tudor Harold,
violinist.
The annual carol service of the
Takoma Park Presbyterian Church
will be given today at 4:30. Two
choirs, under the direction of Mrs.
Albert w. Volkmer with Mrs. Dud-
ley C. jackson at the organ will
participate. The soloists are. Wini-
fred c. Clark, Dorothy Skinner
Walsh, Franklin Garrett, j. L. Stin-
son and Mrs. Volkmer.
The Freund Singers, Robert Fred
erick F'reund. director, Myrtle AL
corn, accompanist, will give pro-
gram this afternoon at pm. at
the Y. M. c. A. headquarters, 1876
G street NV.
This afternoon at the Y. w. c. A.
Sunday Music Hour at pm. the
Wesley Chorus of Woodside Metho-
dist Church under the direction of
Dorothy Radde Emery will give a
program consisting of compositions
of Bach, Haendel, old Italian, old
French and others appropriate to
the Christmas spirit. Alden H.
Emery, jr., flute; Carolyn Rose Cow
per and John Googins, singers. will
be soloists, Frances Checker the &C
companist.
Jane Davis, daughter of Senator
Davis will give song recital at her
home this afternoon at 4 pm. Clara
Moran Bernheimer will be the &C
companist.
The Washington Missionary Col
lege Oratorio Chorus under direction
of George w. Greer will be heard
in Handels Messiah" at the Mount
Vernon Place Methodist Church,
corner of Ninth street and Massa-
chuetts avenue, this evening at
o'clock.
Beethoven's Ninth Symphony"
will be played on the Evening with
the Victrola program in the music
division of the Public Library, Eighth
and K streets NV, tomorrow eve
ming at 7:30 pm.
"The Christmas Story in Song and
Drama" arranged and directed by
Esther Linkins, will be presented
for the fifth season Sunday, Deem
Der AZ, at 4 pm. In Potomac Heights
Community Church, Cathedral ave-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-15
Concert Arranged
By St. Olaf Choir

Under the sponsorship of the Dis
trict of Columbia st. Olaf Alumni
Club and Mrs. Carl j. Rasmussen,
member of the District of Columbia
Chapter, American Guild Of Organ
lists, the st. Olaf Choir will be heard
in concert at Constitution Hall
Thursday evening, January 30.
This organization of carefully Sc
lected voices from the student body
at the st. Olaf College of North
field, Mimi, has REPEATEDLY toured
the country and has made Euro
pean tours. The credit for its re-
nown belongs to DR.. Christensen.
who was pioneer in the field and
brought the choir to its present
point of excellence.
The Lutheran Inner Mission will
be the beneficiary of the net pro-
ceeds from this concert, which will
be given here in response to urgent
requests from many who know of
the achievements of that organiza-
ton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-15

the measure was sent to the Legis-
latures of the various States for
ratification. Three States-Dela-
ware, Kentucky and Mississippi
rejected the amendment at first, but
in general North and South united
in ratifying it, with Georgia taking
action as the 9th and last necessary
State on December 6, 1865. Twelve
days later, on December Is, 1865. Sec
rotary Seward certified the amend
ment by proclaiming that sufficient
ma jority of the States had ratified
it, thus incorporating into the Con-
stitution Lincoln's Emancipation
Proclamation of January /, 1868.
The Festival of Music, coincidmg
with Stewards proclamation, will be-
gin on Wednesday evening and con-
tinue with nightly concerts until
Saturday. Fittingly the programs
will combine the music Of both the
Negro and white races.
Classical and Negro.
The first concert will be a song
recital which will include both
classical and Negro songs, sung by
Dorothy Maynor. Miss Maynor is
the Negro soprano who was pre-
scented to DR.. Serge Koussevitsky
during the Berkshire Festival Of
1899, and having sung for him in
private, was Immediately added to
the programs of the festival, thus
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-15
Bp Elena de Sayn.

To perpetuate moral was not
Paul Dukas aim when he took up
Goethe's ballad "Sorcerer's Appren-
tice" CDer Zauberlehrling as a
basis for his fantastic musical
skstcn bearing the same title, SUI
perbly recreated by Leopold Sto-
kowski and the Philadelphia Or
chestra on 12-inch discs.
This number in Dukas' version,
released by R. C. A.-Victor, is an
amusing account of a humoristic
situation arisen through the abuse
of magic formula. The story is
about magician's apprentice who
tried his hand at the transformation
of loroomstick into water carrier.
Having overheard only the first part
of the charm, he can cast spell
but is unable to return the object
to normal without the help of his
master.
When one is familiar with the
legend, which originated in the pre-
Christian era and was revived by
Goethe to preach a point or two,
one can follow the musical narra-
ton and delight in the ingenuity of
the composer and conductor. A
complete illusion of the ever-in-
creasing quantity of swishing water,
Of the distress of the apprentice and
of a marching automaton dutifully
filling the tub to overlooking is Gre
ated by the orchestra. In the mass
of sound which surrounds the funny
little tune in the bassoons suggest
ing the busy broomstick in its new
capacity of a water boy, one never
loses sight of the various elements
which stress the tragi-comedy Of
the situation. finally relieved by the
mae+or n7aciciar himself. who ap-
pears on the scene and commands
the hroomstick to stop.
This number and another, "Over-
ture to Act Three" of the Russian
opera Ivan the Terrible" by Rim
sky-Korsakov better known as the
maid of Pskov," also recorded by
Stokowski and the Philadelphians
on the reverse side of the second
disc Of that album. are examples of
NOW we'll CeI Udlll ucSCIlpUlOIiS Sdll
be initiated in musical sound. 1t is
not Immediately that the style of
the second number gives clue to
its origin. In fact, not until one
hears the joyous pealing of church
bells and the prolonged boom of one,
long after the orchestra had been
silenced. that one is aware that the
composition belongs to the pen of
a Russian.
Epic in character. built on broad
lines, the Overture" contains also
elements of distress and 10y only
of a different nature. Here. COM
plying with the seriousness of the
historical subject of the opera. a
pastorale-lik theme is contrasted
with fanfare and excitement. Wall
ing sounds, easily identified as an
imitation of women's voices, an
guished by the raging battle, are
graphically reproduced by the
strings. When the orchestra re-
turns to a quieter expression the
listener is treasured that the city
was spared. AS the story goes Gear
Ivan, who, by the way, bears the
prefix of Stern" and not Terri.
ble," in Russian, turns sentimental
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-15
Christmas Drama
To Be Repeated

Music of the Orient, combined
with the singing of ancient Polish
and French chorales and the inclu-
sion of certain beloved Yuletide
carols throughout its six episodes,
will enhance the annual presen-
tations of the Capital Cjty's Christ
mas festival drama, THE Other Wise
Man." to be given at Luther Place
Memorial Church, Fourteenth and
N streets NV, Thursday, Friday
and Saturday, December rs, q and
%, at 8 pm.
Harp music will accompany the
action in many of the episodes. to
be played by Katherine Riggs, who
arranges and directs the music for
THE Other Wise Man." and who
likewise serves in the capacity of
the narrator throughout this poign-
ant dramatization of DR.. Henry
Van Dykes world-famous legend of
the fourth wise man, who saw the
star in its rising and set out to
follow it.
Prominent Washington singers
always take part in this Christmas
music-drama at the historic old
church on Thomas Circle, and out
standing among those who will sing
this season are Mary Apple, con-
tralto; Christine Irish, soprano;
Nina Norman, mezzo- soprano; Marie
Marques, contralto; j. Edmond
Veitch, tenor; Charles Written,
baritone, and Eugene Kressin, basso.
Prior to the presentation of the
music-drama, on each evening, be-
ginning at 7:30 o'clock, there will
be a Christmas carol service to be
sung by three well-known choral
groups of the city, of which the
choir of Luther Place Memorial,
conducted by Cornelia Kinsella, will
be the singers on Friday night, De-
cember a..
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-15
Argentine Musician
Gives Violin Recital

Nine. Alba Rosa, now residing in
Washington and formerly professor
of violin at the Buenos Aires Con-
servatory of Music. will give violin
recital at the Washington Club on
Thursday evening, $50.
Her program will include the
Vieuxtemps ID Minor Concerto and
compositions by Veracini. Beethoven
Thomson, Goldmark. Grasse and
SaraSate,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-15
Nusicales
To Present
Great Stars
Mrs. Townsend
Selects Artists
Of Popularity

Mrs. Lawrence Townsend an.
nounces that the first of this sea-
sons series of Monday morning
musicales at the Mayf1ower Hotel
will be given January 6 at Ills
In most of her previous series Mrs
Townsend has had one or more of
these events in December, but this
season they open with the new year
1941.
The artists on the opening morn
ing will include that perennial
favorite of openers" the American
tenor, Richard Crooks, and the
new soprano at the Metropolitan
Opera, Jarmila Novotna. This will
be Nine. Novotna's debut In Wash
ington.
January 10 brings the Polish
pianist, Arthur Rubinstein, who
proved such tremendous success
in his two appearances in Washing
ton last season-with the Philadel-
phia Orchestra, and, the second tim
in the benefit program at the Polls
Embassy. Sharing his program wi
be Zlatko Balokovich, who recent
returned to this country for a ne
tour after some years absence giy
ing programs on the continent.
January 20 being inauguratioa
day, there will be no program.
January q brings the charming
soprano of the Metropolitan, Rose
hampton, and the debut here of
Leonard Stokes, American baritone
from Georgia, who had his vocal
training under Oscar Seagle at the
Seagle-DeReszke Colony In the Adj
rondacks.
In February the two concluding
programs will feature: February 8,
Emanuel Feuermann, Austrian
'cellist, and Rudolf Serkin, Czech
pianist; February 10. Lotte Leh-
mann and Lauritz Melchior will
give one of their especially success
full joint recitals.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-15
In Local Music Circles

nue.. where Miss Linkins directs a
junior choir With few exceptions,
solo parts will be sung by the same
singers as in previous years. Three
children's groups as choristers and
villagers and an angel chorus of
adults complete the cast of go. Mary
Alice Ferguson will again contribute
two groups of violin selections. Mrs.
G. T. Blackburn will preside at the
organ.
Ida Hoyt Chamberlain, nationally
known author composer, will appear
In concert at the Grafton Hotel
studio, Wednesday afternoon, under
the auspices of the District of Co.
lumbia branch. National League OF
American Pen Women.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-15
Civic Orchestra
Adds to Program

"Plaisir d'Amour," by Martini, has
been added to the program to be
presented by the Washington Civic
Orchestra in its concert on Tues
day evening at Central High School.
The number will open the second
half of the concert, preceding the
Tschaikowsky Symphony No. g."
The first half will be composed
of the Beethoven "Egmont" over
ture and the List Piano Concerto
No. L. The latter will be played
by Kurt Hetzel, conductor of the
orchestra. During the playing of
this number, Roscoe King, assistant
conductor. will conduct.
This is the annual memorial con-
cert for Bailey F. Alart, founder of
the orchestra in 1884,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-15
Pianist in Recital
At Rankin Chapel

Hazel Harrison, pianist, will give a
recital at Howard University, at the
Andrew Rankin Memorial Chapel.
on Tuesday evening at $3.50. Miss
Harrison's opening number will be
LISTS Variations on a Theme By
Bach" an impressive work but
rarely performed; three Chopin
etudes and one of his "Nocturnes"
arranged by List, followed by two
etudes by the latter. will O. the
Wisp' and "Mazeppa" The classics
are represented by Schumann'.
"Toccata" and Brahms "Intermezzo
in B Flat Minor" and "Rhapsodie in
E Flat Major" Miss Harrison chose
for her opening numbers Color
Impressions" and Balakirew's "Ori-
entail Fantasia"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-15
Quartet in Concert

The third concert in its series by
the Chamber Music Guild Quartet
will be played Tuesday evening at
the Carlton Hotel at 8:45. The
group has chosen Beethoven's
Quartet No. in c Minor, op. 10"
and "Quatuor cordes," by Darius
Milhaud.
Milhaud is representative of the
generation which followed the
French impressionists. Now in this
country, he is teaching at Mills
College, near Los Angeles, Calf. As
far as can be ascertained, this will
be the first performance OF the
"Quatuor" In this city.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-15
Christmas Service

Epiphany Church choir, Adolf To-
rovsky, organist-choirmaster. gives
its annual Christmas candlelight
service on Thursday, beginning at
4:30 pm. with a recital of organ and
tower chimes music. At 5 pm. c.
B. Hawley's 'The Christ Child" will
be sung, concluding with the carol,
Softly the Stars Were Shining u
written by Mr.. Torovsky. Soloists
will be Blanche Ramon, Nancy
Williamson. Louis Annis and Am
brose Durkin. All are welcome and
the church will be open all day.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-12-15
Pen Women's Music
A Christmas candlelipht musical

A Christmas candlelight musicale
will be given by the District branch
of the National League of American
Pen Women in their studio, in the
Grafton Hotel, this evening at $3.50.
Mathilde Kolb Bartlett, singer and
lecturer, will give her Origin and
Stories of Famous Christmas Carols"
and will sing several of the carols.
Mrs. Bartlett will be assisted by
EVA Noel, concert violinist, who
will play several solos, and Mrs.
Harry c. Stouffer at the piano.
Elena Barberi, concert pianist of
New York, will play several piano
selections.