davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1940-12-05
Everybody Kisses Everybody

Christmas in Yugoslavia is often
celebrated among neighbors in the
courtyard, where fire is built to
roast a sucking pig. Greetings Of
Goods Peace! Christ is bornl" are
made, then everybody kisses every
body three times and forgives all
quarrels of the past year.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1940-12-05
NEW CROP CURTAILMENT

Beginning December l, the AAA
inaugurated the Alabama plan,"
which marks a sharp turning in the
policy of crop control. 1t is aimed
to remedy what has long been loose
ly described as paying farmers for
not growing something"
Henry Wallace and the AAA never
acknowledged that their program
was as negative as that, but the new
program sets out to eliminate all
doubt.
Heretofore a farmer could earn
benefit payments merely by aban-
doning a certain acreage-that is,
by reducing the number of acres of
his major crop. But under the Ala
bama plan, he is required also to
carry out certain soil building prac-
tees, such as terracing, planting
erosion-resisting crops, and setting
aside an acre of permanent pasture.
The plan, first adopted in Ala
bama, puts farmers on their met
tie. If they fail to perform, the
benefit payments are withheld. In
other words, the objective is shift
ed, from acreage reduction to i'm
provement of the soil of American
farms.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1940-12-05
Tree Marking

For years, the marking Of trees
in botanical gardens has presented
a chemical problem. The corrosion
of the nails and screws has caused
a tester or sore in the tree to such
an extent that the metal fastening
has lost its holding power. The
problem has been overcome by the
use of monel nails and screws which
form a perfect seal with the wood,
preventing decay and resisting the
destructive action of tannic acid.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1940-12-05
Making the Coin of the Realm
AT Rate of Sl6, 799,283 Per Day

$679983 day! And that's
ticks! Most OF this is made dollar bills greatest
demand and the life OF the dollar bill only after
that fiscal rrec recalled the treasury department
carefully destroyed Some Of the principal stages manufacture OF
Uncle Sans minted in
ngton-ony the minis Philadelphia and lsechere.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1940-12-05
There's a Good Reason
You're Constipated!

When there's something wrong
with you, the first rule is: get at
the cause. If you are constipated.
don't endure it first and "cure" it
afterward. Find out what's giving
you the trouble.
Chances are it's simple If you
eat the super-reflned foods most
people do: meat, white bread,
potatoes. It's likely you don't get
enough bulk. And bull" doesn't
mean lot of food. It's a kind Of
food that isn't consumed in the
body, but leaves a soft bulky"
mass in the intestines and helps
a bowel movement.
If this is your trouble, you
should eat a natural bulk" pro-
ducing food-such a one as the
crunchy, toasted, ready to - eat
cereal, Kellogg's All-Bran. Eat it
often, drink plenty Of water, and
Join the Regulars" All-Bran is
made by Kellogg's in Battle Creek
If your condition is chronic, it is
wise to consult physician.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1940-12-05
Christmas Island

There is a Santa Claus, Indiana,
and there is also a Christmas Is
land in the Indian ocean, 200 miles
south of Java. It is II by miles.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1940-12-05
NhnlAa;qb6a
[hERRyGO-QQubD
.Sss55sMzSR7ssMSzgg''Ss
-AX.sx1Xl.XiIsxSKxNH0E4-
Washington, ID. c.
u. S. COULD TIP BALANCE

U. S. COULD TIP BALANCE
The diplomatic reports which
President Roosevelt now has on his
desk all indicate that the war has
reached the most crucial point in its
variegatea history, and that adroit,
even strong-arm diplomacy by the
United States might tip the balance
TO a British victory.
How this may be done is now the
most vital question before the White
House and state department.
One possibility was to WOO Rus
STA, keep her out of the Axis. This
was the chief reason for the Ou-
mansky-Sumner Welles conversa-
tons. They have partially failed,
due to the fact that all the United
States can offer Russia is machine
tools and gasoline, while Adolf Hit
Ter can make an offer of India,
Persia, Afghanistan.
Another possibility was to stiffen
u S. policy against Japan, perhaps
by sending ships to Singapore, thus
taking over the British burden of po-
Icing the South Pacific. This would
have devastating repercussions upon
the Axis, but Roosevelt considers it
risky, so it is being held in abey-
ance.
Third possibility, and the one ac-
lively under discussion inside the
state department now, is to bolster
the French forces in North Africa,
help bring them in on the side of
the British.
This has tremendous possibilities.
For at present General GRAHAM is
begged down in Egypt, where Mus
solini has been sending him per-
emptory orders to advance on SueZ,
to which GRAHAM has replied that he
will not advance until he has Suffi-
cient supplies. So should GRAHAM
be attacked by the French from the
Tunis side, and by the British from
the Egyptian side, it would mean
certain defeat and probably the end
of Mussolini.
Furthermore, it would probably
take Italy out of the war.
This is the main effort to which
American diplomacy is now direct
ed. First step was plan to send
General Pershing, old friend of Mar
shall Petain, as special ambassador
to France. To this end, the 80-year-
old general underwent thorough
physical examination at Walter
Reed hospital. But although anx-
ious to undertake the mission, his
doctors forbade it. Unless he ig-
nores the orders of the physicians,
which is not likely, the Pershing
mission is out.
However, the chief problem is to
influence not merely Petain, who
already has veered away from the
Axis, but also Marshal Weygand.
The latter is now in North Africa,
and the French troops in that area
would rise to his leadership over
night in any attack upon Italian
Libya.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1940-12-05
Consider Your Hearers

Talk often, but never long, in
that case, if you do not please,
at least you are sure not to tire
your hearers.-Lord Chesterfield.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1940-12-05
U. S. SHIPS TO DAKAR

Another plan which has been con-
sidered in army and navy circles is
for the United States to take cog
nizance of the part which Dakar
might play in any attack upon South
America.
The Germans are now developing
Dakar as a giant air base under
the protection of the French fleet.
This is of vital concern to the United
States, Brazil, Argentina and the
rest of South America. Therefore,
it has been suggested that the Unit
ed States instigate joint Pan-Ameri-
can representations, followed per-
haps by naval display off Dakar,
in order to persuade the French fleet
to divorce itself from Germany and
neutralize Dakar.
This plan does not get much en-
enlargement from the White House
and state department, where it is
considered risky.
Evening star., 1940-03-06

b13O CONN. AVE. NV.
1lec. .refrigeratton on house current.
9ecretsrisi switchboard. Resident
. e.; .m;.. t. II. d. g.. foyer. snei. .Rereh
Evening star., 1940-03-06
sULGRAvE MANOR

1865 HARVARD ST. NV.
H;e; refrissrasicn % o. hcu;ss c,s syrrsrst; n x
Evening star., 1940-03-06
1919 18Th STREET

Living ROOM bedroom. dinette.
kitchen and bath $67 so
Gas and heat included. Eject. retG.
Available March 18th.
Evening star., 1940-03-06
21eo 18th ST. NV.

Elec. refri2eration on house current.
Elevator. switchboard. Resident man.
AGer.
2 rms, Kit. and bath .-SB6.0 90
3 rms, dt. and bath --S6k. 80
Evening star., 1940-03-06

Electric fefrigeration.
rms. kit. and bath S76 90
Evening star., 1940-03-06
1918 RIGGS PLAcr

1903 RANDOLPH ST.
Living. room. bedroom, bath and
kitchen Refg. on house current,
Evening star., 1940-03-06

G Combination. living and dining
room 3 bedrooms. bath, porch
ana kitchen. Elec. refg. on
house current. Resident manager.
Evening star., 1940-03-06

TIE ROCHESTER APARTMENT
, 1888 MERIDIAN PL- NV.
Evening star., 1940-03-06
THE INGLESnE APARTAKNr
1sl7 K ST. NV.

1881 LAMONT ST. NV.
Electric refriseration.
! Im. and bath 227 .Kd
Evening star., 1940-03-06
THE WINSTON

3i45 Nj, Pleasant Street.
(Near 18th d Columbia Road.)
rooms, kitchen. bath and porch.
$50. Electric refg. on house
current.
Evening star., 1940-03-06

The CALIFORNIA AxA8TM6NT
1775 CALIFORNIA 9T. NV.
Electric refrieeration.
rms. kit. and bath S46 90
Evening star., 1940-03-06
1926 ISb STREET

(CoSner 18th and L Sts.)
] room. bath, no kitchen. Switch.
board and elevator service. Res.
toent manager.
Evening star., 1940-03-06

! room; Murphy bed. bath. 4inette
Elect. TefrS. Res. mgr.
Evening star., 1940-03-06
VALUES WORTH SEEING
@5j4 CONN. AVE.

Large foyer, living room, dining
room. bedroom. bath. dinette,
kitchen and inclosed porch. 80.
exp; ample closet space; garage.
Refg. on house current. Elevator,
sec. switchboard. Res. mgr.
Woodley 4477.
Evening star., 1940-03-06
GARDEN TOWERS

1875 18th IT NV. 7
Modern eley. bldg. eecretafial tele-
phone service. Gas. elec. and re-
frtgeration included In rent. Resident
3 Tms.. kit. d. .. and bath $50 so
Evening star., 1940-03-06

Qss lefrt9eration. elevator service.
Resident Enaneger.
. rms, kit. d. .. and bath S52. so
Evening star., 1940-03-06
47ol CONN. AVE.

Large foyer, living room. dining
room, 2 bedrooms, bath. porch.
dinette and kitchen. Refe on
house current. Elevator. Sec.
ewitchboard. Garage. Res. mgr,
EN-. 0S03.
Evening star., 1940-03-06
i41i coluMRlA RoAb

ZVV0 S1SO0t
Combination living and dining room.
2 bedroomA, bath and Kitchen,
5000. G1ectric Ye{rigeratton
Evening star., 1940-03-06
THE DUPONT

1717 goth ST. NV.
Electric refrigeration. Resident man.
AGef.
1 rms. kit. and bath S01.00
Evening star., 1940-03-06

lN06r M1SS. Ave.J
Entrance hall. living room, dining
room. 2 bedrooms. l and Q
baths, pantry and kitchen. Eec.
refG. Res. MIR. G1eYAtof.
Evening star., 1940-03-06

(ooutanusd O. Next 4aSs.J
Evening star., 1940-03-06

B-story elevator bldg. 6ecretarial
telephone service. Gas, electricity and
gas refg. included In rent. Resident
MANAGER.
One. two and three rooms. kitchen.
S47.60 to S72.60
Evening star., 1940-03-06

S746 COLO. AVE. NV.
Gas, electricity and refrisors ton in.-
Guided IN rent. Resident msnag0y.
rms. lit. d. .. and bath ---S67 30
Evening star., 1940-03-06

RHODE ISLAND GARDENS
$50 RHODE ISLAND AVE. NE.
Eec. refrigeration. elevator service.
Secretarial switchboard. Resident
manager.
Q rms. kit. d. .. and $4,000
Evening star., 1940-03-06

Large foyer, combination living and
dining room. Q bedrooms. bath
and kitchen, Electric refriseTs.
ton. Elevator.
Evening star., 1940-03-06
THE RHODE ISLAND

1878 M1NTWOOD RI. NV.
Elec. refrigeration on house current.
Hesident manager.
2 rms, kit. and bath 90
Evening star., 1940-03-06

6z2S N. DAKOTA AVE. NV.
Gas refrigeration.
Evening star., 1940-03-06
THE PARAMOUNT

s29 QUINCY ST. NV.
Elevator. Resident nansser.
Two rooms. kit. d. O.. bath; some
with porchss and foyers.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-01-23
court OFFICIALS
| TOHOLD CONFAB
Prosecuting Atty GaIuTIO
FavOrs Change in Pro-
cedure Of Complaints

Judges Theobald Il. Conway and
John l. Carney were TO confer with
Probation Ofacer Kathleen Crowley
and Prosecuting Attorney Michael
J. 0alullo this afternoon following
q charge made ~ 0aluilo yesterday
that the juvenile court has not been
operated strictly according TO law.
The judges conferred with CAL
uIlo this morning after city court
business was disclosed, but the ses-
sion was postponed until later today
when Judge Conway was called out
on business. Miss Crowley did not
attend the morning conference. She
told The Democrat that she had no
comment to make until it was
learned what the matter is all about
Galullo said yesterday t hat all
complaints against Juveniles have
not been coming to the offloe of the
prosecuting attorney as, he said, Is
specified by law, but many Of them
are being handled by Miss Crowley
In her capacity as probation oficer.
He said he intended to change this
procedure and wanted to inform the
public that a complaint, whether
Juvenile or adult, should come first
TO the ONCE Of the prosecuting at
torney.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-01-23
SENATOR MALONEY
TO ATTEND. DINNER
Democratic Party Leaders
Coming for Congressman
Smiths Testimonial

U. 8. Senator Francis T. Maloney
has accepted an invitation to be
one Of the speakers at the testimon-
ial dinner to be given Congressman
j. Joseph Smith at the Prospect
school In Prospect Saturday night.
The dinner is being arranged by
the Democratic Town Committee Of
Prospect, with Harry Coughlan as
chairman Of the arrangements COM
i1ittee.
Congressman Smith, now in
Washington, established his home
In Prospect several months ago.
Prominent Democrats from all
parts Of the state will be among
the guests. Among the speakers
will be Robert Hurley, commissions
er Of the state department Of pub
lie works; Congressman James
Stanley, State Chairman j. Fran
els Smith, Michael A. Conner, COM
missioner Of the state department
Of motor vehicles; Secretary j. WAL
ter barley Of the Democratic state
central committee, National Com
miteewomarl Mary O. Coughlin,
Mayor Vincent A. Scully and Pro-
bate Judge Patrick Healey.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-01-23
THIRD TERM ISSUE
UP TO DEMOCRATS
CONTINUED from Page y

AAV4Ak 0BO ~
ers must find Jobs. Is an expanding
and CROWN; nation Offering these
young people Jobs or q future on
relief rolls?
1.-THE policies Of this administra-
ton have been to have the govern
ment spend the money instead OF
having the people spend their own
money in the creation Of Jobs.
II have never seen the time when
you could substitute government for
individual effort without q trend
toward totalitarianisnn.
Government spending cannot
create johs-it is only q stop gap
This administration has said and
repeated that this nation has q
mature economy and that there nc
longer Is an opportunity for the
people to invest their savings
Therefore, they argue, the govern
ment must do It. That Is what Pres
ident Roosevelt said in his common
wealth Club speech at San Francis
CO in 1896.
IF that Is true" Dewey contin-
ued, where Is the future for the
people of this country? This ad-
ministration says the future Of the
people Is in relief. My feeling is that
the only future Is by creation Of
Jobs by private enterprise"
Dewey reiterated his determine
ton to avoid pre-convention con-
tests with leading candidates" In
any state. To that end, he will re-
frain from entering contests for
delegates and from making speech
es IN such states as New Hampshire
Ohio and Michigan, and, 1t is I'M
derstood, he also will avoid Cali
fornia contest though no leadingg
candidate in that state was men,
toned.
From his press conference, Dewey
went directly to a conference with
Republican members of the Massa-
chusetts legislature and was to
lunch later with Sinclair Weeks
former chairman Of the Republican
state committee.
During the afternoon he had con-
ference engagements with Republi-
can women, district-attorneys and
the executive committees Of three
statewide Republican clubs which
arer sponsoring tonight's speech.
Dewey stopped overnight at Prov
idtnce, r. l., for q conference with
party leaders there, including Gov
ernOr william II. Vanderbilt.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-01-23
LITTLE CHANGE
| IN TEMPERATURE
Cold Wave May Continue
for Remainder Of Pres.
ent Week

The present cold wave, which has
kept the temperature below the
freezing mark for the past week, will
be with the city until at least the
end Of this week, the weatherman
predicted today. With the mercury
remaining below 20 degrees this
incoming, continued cold Is In order.
/ A slight rise In temperature to-
might Is expected to be followed by
snow and colder weather tomorrow.
Continued cold is predicted through
Saturday.
Except for q brief period early last
week, the temperature has been be-
low the freezing level daily since
| Christmas. Last Saturday set the re-
cord for the lowest temperature thus
tar IA the winter, the mercury
plinging below the zero mark.
l Skating enthusiasts are taking
advantage OF the weather, with park
Eirlks and ponds about the city being
crowded with sports enthusiasts
eotAe skiing s also being enjoyed In
outlying sections, with snow remain
ing from the fall Of several days ago
The lowest temperature during the
night was 10 degrees.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-01-23
Discrimination By
British Is Charged
CONTINUED from Page y

for the British government any
longer to blame delays ito the con-
fusion attended on early orgarliza-
tional difficulties"
Held Longer Period
5. The contraband control au-
thorities appear to have held Amer
lean ships on an average Of more
than three times as long as they de-
tanned italian ships passing
through the same areas.
6. Cargoes on italian vessels re-
ceived more favorable consideration
than similar cargoes on American
vessels.
z. American ships In some cases
are forced, contrary to American
law, to proceed to bellgerent ports
to unload cargoes ruled as contra
band.
"This government must expect
the note concluded, shat the Britt
ish government will at least take
suitable and prompt measures to
bring about an immediate correc-
ton Of this situation. It will appre-
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-01-23
MONEY, CHECKS
In ENLIGHTENMENT
CONTINUED from Page y

selected u additional Jurors to sup
plement the 10 jurors who now re-
main Of the original panel, 1t being
anticipated that several challenges
might be used by Attorney Wrenn
and possibly States Attorney FitE-
gerald.
That the case might take con-
siderable time In trial was also in
dictated by Assistant States Attor-
ney Walter D. Srnyth who intimated
q large number Of witnesses might
be called.
Way Cleared For Trial
Judge McEvoy ct the short calen-
dar session Of the Superior Court
which preceded the presentation OF
Attorney Wrenn's motion, cleared
the deck for the trial Of the case by
telling lawyers present not to claim
any case that cannot be finished by
5 p. m. Thursday Of this week, say
ing that criminal matters before
the court must be heard.
In addition to seeking the more
specific information with regard to
the City of Waterbury property al
legged to have been embezzled, At
torney Wrenn's motion set forth
that the information against Miss
Cavanaugh alleged that the en-
bezzlement took place on April 5
1889. It sought specific informa-
ton as to whether the entire alleged
embezzlement took place on that
date or whether 1t covered period
Of thirteen years In which Miss
Cavanaugh was employed in the taS
collectors office. Attorney Wrenn
said 1t was apparent that the state
did not intend to claim that the
entire embezzlement took place on
that date.
States Right
States Attorney Fitzgerald in an
swering this point stated that UNI
der the statutes the state has the
right to charge that the total was
taken at one time, or in othe,
words at the time the charge against
the accused Is made.
Attorney Wrenn then stated thai
he and his client were at a distinct
disadvantage under this procedure
and told Judge McEvoy 1t was ar
almost impossible task to cover q
period Of thirteen years when hi
had no specific information as Il
alleged acts, which led up to the
embezzlement charge.
Judge McEvoy, who stated at thu
outset OF this mornings hearing
that he had read Attorney Wrenn'G
motion and was familiar with it
said that he would study the claims
of both Attorney Wrenn and State!
Attorney Fitzgerald and announce
his decision later.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-01-23

trouble shooters to the scene. Now
the Social Security Board is playing
the same game. Before all the bodies
had been removed from the shaft at
BARLEY, w. Va, the board sent a
field office manager, an attorney
and q stenographer to the town, to
see that widows Of the victims get
help in filing claims for benefits un-
der the social security act.
The board doesn't know yet how
many Of the victims had social secur-
ity accounts, but figures the benefit
payments will be big item in re-
lieving distress.
TIMER CIRCLE"
STILL WANTS F. ID. X.
When you're figuring the mysteri-
Gus third-term problem, don't over
look this fact: the inner circle" Of
New Dealers is still doing its best to
persuade FDR to be candidate.
This group never liked McNutt and
isn't crazy about Hull; 1t goes for the
new attorney general, Robert jack
son, and is getting presidential help
in grooming him as a possibility.
First and foremost, though, 1t wants
Roosevelt to run.
Incidentally, John Lewis's recent
Endorsement Of Senator Wheeler has
this group puzzled. Some, thinking
wishfully say he's Just putting the
heat on FDR for later concessions;
others, GUNNER, say he's on the re-
servation for good. Lewis, meanwhile
pulls his eyebrows down and says
nothing.
ARNOLD HITS
BUDGET SNAG
The big economy drive may Grip
pie Thurman Arnold's building costs
campaign, along with other anti
trust measures. The presidents
budget cuts antitrust divisions ap-
preparation by 100000; Arnold says
1t must 60 up at least 100000 If his
campaign Is to hear lasting fruit.
Arnold went before q House appro-
priations Subcommittee the other day
to argue his plea, and apparently sold
a bill Of goods. However, a recent
House rule prohibits sub-commit-
tee from raising any budget estimates
and the fight may have to be made
on the floor or In the Senate.
One thing Arnold pointed out to
the ub-committee was that whereas
his division this year is spending ST.
100000, 1t has already collected more
than $4,000 in fines-and the ifs
cal year Is only half over.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-01-23
JAMES ]. ECAN
HAS GIVEN UP

Boston, Jan. 23-(UP)-James J
Egan Of Boston surrendered to fed
eral authorities today and was ar
raigned In U. S. district court or
charges Of evading 1888 in income
taxes as alleged front man" for Ed
ward J. O'Hare, slain Illinois ano
Massachusetts, track promoter.
Egan was held In 5000 bail after
pleading not guilty. Judge Francis
J. w. Ford did not set trial date
U. s. Attorney Edmund ]. Brandon
said that Egan faced possible maxi
mum sentences Of FIVE years each or
two counts II convicted.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-01-23
MERIDEN MAN TO
FACE TWO COUNTS
Moe Levine and Local Girl
Rescued From Auto
in River

Moe Levine of Meriden, who stood
atop his submerged car in Ten Mile
River Sunday and called for help
until rescued, was arrested yesterday
ON a charge Of reckless driving and
driving without a license. He was
ordered to appear in Southington
town court.
Levine, together with his compan-
ion, Miss Mary White Of Waterbury,
were pulled from their unusual
perch in Ten Mile River by South
ington fremen. Their car had left
the road and plunged into the river
at Dickerman's corner.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-01-23

Bruce Cation miniature ca m =
eras, they say and the films were
sent overseas.
They were working out a scheme
Ito trap one Of these agents in the
act Of getting films to Dozenberg
when G-men sprang their own trap
land pinched him. You'll undoubted-
lDy hear more about this when the
Dies committee gets its new appro-
priation.
SOCIAL SECURITY
HELP IS RUSHED
Whenever there's a mine disaster,
bureau Of Mines rushes a crew Of
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-01-23
FIRST IN 27O DAYS

Cranston, r. l., Jan. 23-(UP)-
John r. Bergin, IS, Of Cranston was
free today under $1,000 bail for tria
FEB. ! on reckless driving charges In
connection with this city's first
highway fatality in 270 days. WAL
ter L. Fish, II, factory worker
was killed last night when struck
by an automobile.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-01-23

q full doSsier ON
Dozenberg. They
assert his espion-
age ring ha d
agents In hig h
government de-
partments and
agencies here, and
that he was regu-
larly getting pho
tostatic copies Of
government docu-
ments for trans
mission to Russia.
Papers were pho
t ographe ed b y