davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-06-01
BR0UCHTON LEAD
RISES TO $4,000

RALEIGH, May 31.-(P-Reve-
u Commissioner A. J. Maxwell,
who ran third in the democratic
gubernatorial primary. has thrown
the support of his organization to
J. M. Broughton, Raleigh attorney,
who vas high man in the race.
Maxwell sent kilograms yesterday
to all his county managers urging
them to support Broughton. Lieu
tenant Governor W. P. Horton, who
was runner-up in the ace has an
nounced that he will call for a run
off in the second primary.
With only % Of the states 1913
precincts missing, the unofficial vote
stood: Broughton 147,43t; Horton.
1O3,7 94 and Maxwell, 100, 945. The
complete vote in ali the contests
probably will not be known until
Monday, when the state board of
election certifies the returns.
The state board received a tele-
gram yesterday from C. B. Deane
of Rockingham, calling for a second
primary in the Eighth congressional
race. The incumbent, Rep. W. O.
Burgin, led the field in the Eighth
but did not receive a majority. Bur-
gin and Deane were the candidates
in a run-off primary in 1888.
At Albemarle W. Erskine Smith,
candidate for lieutenant governor,
would neither deny nor confirm
statements that he had definitely
decided not to request a second
primary. He did indicate, however,
he would have something to
say later in the week. He trailed
R. L. Harris of Roxboro by about
$1,000 votes in the first primary. j
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-06-01
BEHIND HI SCENES
IN WASHINGTON

.n,curNcTON. People here
Wv to weigh the chances OF
%A' 7.n;ted States getting involved
IL .so war are beginning to look
s,, NV and south rather than east.
'T Few a' see any danger that the
r. { army or navy will be sent to
T,~ono There is a good deal OF
a nrygr however, about the shape
.o;"ss might take in Mexico and
japan. o7ao-
|.an thjs year. and there is a good
5esr If danger the election may be
tnr1owpd by a revolution. Washing
+or sdvices are to the effect that
if that happens it won't be Just an
ntte Latin-American squabble be-
trpsr the ms and the outs, but a
deadly serious affair in which one
If the parties will have important
Naz.Ccmmunist backing.
The Communists are strong in
Mexico. They are reputed to have
an understanding with Nazi agents
there, More important, according
Ito current reports, is the fact that
some thousands of leftists veterans
|of the Spanish civil Wcr have found
ASYLUM in Mexico. I e S e men
.bogght their rifles with them, and
are understood to have been &C.
cmoanied by a substantial allot-
ngnt Of machine guns.
Since Mexico is a GOOD deal
closer TO the Panama Canal than
the United States is, it goes with
out saying that this government
Eeuld be unlikely to sit on its
hands if a rebel group with a def
mite Nazi = Communist tie-up
seemed likely to get control of the
country.
In that connection, note that
there is now a heavy concentration
Of U. S. troops in Texas for army
~naneuyerS. Note, too, the current
report that these troops won't go
back home as soon as the maneuv-
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-06-01
REASON CHARGE
MADE BY FRENCH
Successes Directly il
M, To Traitors, Says
Army Spokesman

Nav 81.-CPr-A French
PARE .rokesman declared To-Day
sararT E.a syn military successes In
Ia. I'+S. n.sra 'directly due to trea-
WEI -,
.m mis- treason" he SAID
"T..a Jew most probably still be
'ae c2'-a -, the line of the Albert
canal If an incident, in which
Bs '72n aff;cer knew how to blow
my 3 ..:sre which the Nazl forces
b? o ~. ~ cross over the Belgian
we're an. ,,i+icatfous, as distinctly
rrn'a''1 Unbelievable that no one
1t .s., officers command OF so
how 10 blow up the bridge,
sF' ' ol said, adding:
tas s',n the French soldiers who
.a .I..1 the German advances to
''S'. ,..,cb hish command mistakes
ne f,' ,r where ia place the blame"
,ovnoy. May a1.-CR-British
W., circles said today that areas
.n a,..r5 which Allied forces retreat
.n.'..- 49,, France were "riddled with
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-06-01
Medical Care
BY LOGAN CLENDENING, M, d.
What is meant by roughage
in the diet and what is it's func
tiOn?

What is meant by roughage
in the diet and what is it's func
ton?
The vegetables and fruits which
should make up over half the bulk
Of a well balanced diet contain a
substance which may be called
plant fiber, roughage or cellulose.
This is not affected nor dissolved
by the digestive fluids, so that
after the digestion and absorption
of other constituents it remains as
a residue in the digestive tract to
be excreted. But is a very valuable
constituent of the food. During di.
gestion the food is propelled along
the intestines by the rhythmica]
contraction of the intestinal mus.
cles, and the undigested vegetable
fbers, by giving bulk to the food,
stimulate these contractions. The
mass of vegetable fiber also acts
as a mop and Incorporates into his
mass large numbers of bacteria
alive or dead.
Ordinary absorbent cotton is an
example of the cellular part of a
plant. 1t is practically pure cellu-
lose and the fbrous parts of edible
vegetables, although interspersed
with other substances, r chemi-
cally similar to cotton. If you rub
a wad of wet cotton over a dirty
window pane you get a good idea OF
the intestine.
The percentage of cellulose in
plants differs from about l to 3 per
cent. Spinach contains IL per cent,
celery 90 per cent, squash 1.3 per
cent, lettuce O.9 per cent, oranges
is per cent, apples IL per cent,
bananas l per cent, a n d whole
wheat 2.6 per cent.
This amount is obviously quite
small, and yet such vegetables and
fruits act very satisfactorily. When
the cellulose part of foods is con-
centrated and given in bulk for
laxative purposes-as in the form
of agar, psyllium seed, bran and
cellophane-they may or may moi
have such favorable results. In
fact, in some individuals they may
cause irritation which does more
harm than good.
Does overwork produce nerv-
Gus exhaustion?
Looking over hundreds of charts
of experiments on fatigue and for
mulae and graphs of all kinds O
works the conclusion is inevitable
mental work does not C a u S
brain fag.
The great accomplishers in the
world do not know what fatigue is
ITO what do better men owe
their escape from fatigue?" wrote
William James. Men the Worle
over possess amounts Of resources
which only the very exceptiona
bush to their extremes of use. The
same individual pushing his ener
vast number of cases, keep up the
sies to their extreme, may, in
pace and find no bad reaction"
DR.. Ira Vile says: 'Unconditlon
ally, there is no such thing as
breakdown from overwork." Anc
DR.. Allen F. Riggs: Hard work
plenty of it, whether physical OF
mental, never in itself produced
one single case of nervous exhaus'
ton"
But I know a man who built ur
an enormous business by unremlt'
ting hard work. From the age Of
Is to IS he poured four mems en-
ergy and genius into it, and always
felt like doing more. At IS he re-
tired. That was two years ago; he
has been tired, as well as retired,
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-06-01
FLEET STAYS NEAR
DUTCH EAST INDIES

The Japanese angle, of course,
has 10 do with the Dutch East In
DIES. It may or may not mean
anything that the U. S. fleet is not
coming back from its maneuvers
H. Hawaiian waters, as originally
N-eoaled; instead, it has been or
leTea to maneuver S o e more,
M'oad miles west Of Hawaii, in a
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-06-01

Except for four Filipinos, al cam
didates for admission to the us.
Naval Academy at Annapolis must
be American citizens. 2
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-06-01
ever since.

a which just happens to be on
the flank of the Japanese route to
Java.
Note, too, a queer shift in con
gressional sentiment about the
forti6cation of Guam. Quite a
few of the men who voted against
the plan last year have quietly
given notice they'd vote for it ii
it should come up now; but some
of their colleagues who worked
hard for the idea a year ago are
reluctant to push it this spring.
Right or wrong, these men feel
the situation in the Pacific is just
too ticklish-that if Congress did
vote now to fortify the island,
Japan might simply move in and
take it before anything could be
done.
U. S. MIGHT MAKE
DEAL FOR TIN
Despite the noise you're hearing
about it, don't look for much Of a
push to modify the Johnson act so
that direct loans car be made to
the allies. What you might see,
however, is the advancing of a
somewhat similar proposition-that
loans be made to Great Britain,
secured by big quantities of tin
and rubber.
Those commodities rate as stra.
tegic materials, the U. S. needs
them badly, and Britain has lots of
'em. Talking point for this plan
is that if the loan should 60 in de-
fault, Uncle Sam would get some
thing out Of it. Il
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-06-01
SHE RACES AT
Aqua CALIENTE

She also has several races to her
credit. During the past fall and
winter she had mounts at Aqua
Caliente, Mexico. Usually these
women's races ire short half.
milers, but she is one of eight girl
jockeys who ever rode in a mile
race. She also won a steeplechase
last year at Aqua Caliente, though,
riding against men.
In aau1tion to riding, Miss Dun.
can owns race horses as a hobby.
Curiously enough, Miss Duncan
is reticent to talk horses. Il don't
want to be tagged as just inter.
ested in horses. 1 like them a LOT
but I've some other interests. ]
paint, swim, play badminton ano
bowl. I read a lot and 1 like good
music. 1 can't play any instru'
ment but I'm a good listener. ]
like movies if they're good but
there are only about II good ones
a year"
Feminine and pert with a sprink'
ling of freckles, Miss Duncan
bushes to the roots of her blond
hair whenever she talks about her
self. She is five feet, four inches
tall, weighs 105 pounds.
Her home town is Cornish, N
H., where she was born on Jan
7, 1920. Her real name is Mar
jorie Manning, but she uses hel
mothers maiden name of Duncan
Miss Duncan has had roles ii
two Pasadena Playhouse produc
tons, Beach House" and 1.-THE
Peoples Choice" She has also
had one bit in pictures.
If an enemy ever dropped in OF
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-06-01

BY BILL PORTER
NEA Service Staff Correspondent
HOLLYWOOD - Not since the
days when Pearl White, Ruth Ro-
land and Helen Holmes were riding
runaway box cars and being chain
ed to the log in the sawmill has
there been a western and serial
queen. But Universal is taking
steps to fill that need. They have
signed Julie Duncan to co-star with
Johnny Mack Brown in all west
ems made this year and also to
be the heroine in their serials.
About 30 girls were tested for
the role of western queen, but
Miss Duncan won out because OF
her superior hoursemanship and
also her ability as an actress.
Miss Ducan is really a superb
horsewoman-practically since her
father gave her a Shetland pony
for her fifth birthday. She has
exhibited jumpers at almost al
the Pacific Coast shows and fairs,
In addition, she owns Rory
O'Moore, an Irish hunter consid'
cred the best broad jump horse
on the Pacific Coast. She rides
western as we'll as English AND
can stick to a bucking horse like
= ooWhov
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-06-01
PILOTS

RALEIGH, May 31.-OR-AVi'
ators NAV be glamorous to most
GIRLS hit to Rex hospital nurses
they are first class pests
The nurses enjoyed sun oatns
on the roof of the hospital un-
til, as one nurse put it, "one
of those fresh State College stu
dent pilots flew over the build
ing one day."
Since that time low-dlvlns
n1anes have become more ire
o,,en+ and the sun bathers less
numerous.
Nations avoid sending corpulen
iplomats to Toxic, since the
apanese dislike fat men.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-06-01
In Hollywood

Bill Porter is batting for Paul
Harrison while the NEA Service
Hollywood correspondent vacat-
Ions.
Evening star., 1940-08-22

mented by searchlights, machine
guns and rockets. Night bombers
can therefore dispense with fighter
escorts and can penetrate anywhere
within their radii Of action.
II we assume that large-scale at
tacks are to be continued over Great
Britain, the Germans must face the
spectacle of their own bomber force
going down at the rate of 20 per
cent or more Of the planes employed,
while the British are sustaining
losses OF not more than l per cent.
If that much, in their night raids
over Germany. Even a two-to-one
superiority will not stand up long
under that sort of thing.
British Damage Certain.
The steady continuance Of the
British raids, hammering away at
the same objectives night after
night, is certainly doing great deal
of damage both to material objec-
tives and to the morale OF the Ger
man populace; not that the latter
are near, or anywhere near the
breaking point, but there must be
many who ask themselves, in the
face of the highly embellished re-
ports Of what their bombers are do
ing to British air bases, why each
German night is still punctuated
with the sullen roar Of British
bombs.
1t would seem, on the basis Of the
results of their efforts so far, that
the Germans must come to the con-
clusion that these efforts will have
to be greatly increased in size and
tempo If decisive results are to be
hoped for. In other words, they
will just about have to risk their
whole air force in one mighty effort
to bomb the Royal Air Force into
Evening star., 1940-08-22
By MAJ. GEORGE
FIELDING ELIOT.

The first phase Of the battle OF
Britain is over and the honors to
date certainly rest with the Royal
Air Force. The lull in the German
attacks, which, of course, may be
renewed at any moment, seems to
indicate that the Germans are now
digesting the lessons they have
learned from their first large-scale
air operations over the island OF
Great Britain. From the informa.
ton which is available here-ad-
mittedly imperfect and scanty-
these lessons would seem to be
somewhat as follows:
Cd The British cannot prevent
the Germans from reaching and
attacking points on the coast, but
attempts to penetrate farther in
land by any considerable force Of
aircraft result in proportionately
increasing losses.
CD Even in attacks on coastal
points, daylight raids by large FORM
ations of bombers, escorted by
fighters, may be expected to suffer
losses averaging Is per cent. Fur
ther penetration will cause these
losses to rise to 20 or even Is per
cent.
60 High-fying, level bombing at
tacks do not do any great amount
of damage. Low-f1ying attacks OF
any sort must reckon with anti
aircraft fire and balloon barrages
cat important points which tend
sharply to reduce their effective
ness.
Small Formations Less Effective.
90 Small formations can pene-
trate to inland points almost at will
when flying high and do not suffer
severely on the average, but they
do not do much damage nor can
they have that continuity Of effort
which is essential to decisive re-
suits in air bombing.
60 The defenses of London In
particular are extremely formidable
and cannot be penetrated save al
heavy sacrifice.
90 Meanwhile, night after night
without respite, British bombers
continue their raids over Germany
suffering little loss, doing consider.
able damage. There Is no sign
whatever of the German attacks in
any way overcoming or even re.
ducing the efficiency Of the Royal
Air Force in either defensive OF
offensive operations.
The German efforts appear to
have been mainly directed toward
breaking down the effectiveness OF
Evening star., 1940-08-22

at least temporary inenectiveness,
In order to even think Of an invasion
OF Britain. No such invasion can
be undertaken now, while Britain Is
superior at sea and while the Royal
Air Force can operate on its pres
ent scale Of efficiency. On the basis
Of 500 or 1000 planes . day, the
Germans will simply fritter away
their air power. gain nothing: mean
while will inevitably see the scale Of
British bombings Of Germany rise
higher and higher.
Dark Outlook for Naxi.
Yet II they do attack with larger
forces. they are risking proportion
ately larger losses with no assurance
of proportionately larger results.
Indeed, these latter would have to
be much larger in proportion to
justify such Z risk. They must be
overwhelming, a far % the Royal
Air Force Is concerned. From the
German point Of view, the results
Of the past week must be decidedly
discouraging. the outlook for the
future perhaps darker than m at
Evening star., 1940-08-22

any moment since the invasion OF
Norway began. They have reached
the limit which Napoleon reached:
The beaches Of the continent. They
have little seapower. They must
sweep away the strong hold Of Brit
'ish seapdwer, or that seapower In
the end will strangle them, as It
strangled Napoleon and the Hohen-
zollern empire. Their chief reliance
for this purpose must be their air
power and their airpower is not, by
the record, showing itself equal to
the task. It has shown no signs of
being able to overcome the British
airpower; yet 1t must do so If the
German landpower Is to be moved
across thst narrow, tantalizing strip
of water to deal the decisive DEATH
blow to Britain. The Germans may
find the means Of doing this; they
may have some new and fearful
weapon In reserve; their air fleets
may risk all and may win all. We
can only say that 50 far, judging
by what has actually been done
and what has not been done, their
Evening star., 1940-08-22
Nozis Fritter Away Air Power
Against r. A. F., Eliot Says
Observer Sees Invasion Success Dubious
Unless Hitler Risks All in Mighty Blow

|, the Royal Air Force by attacks on
its bases and, of course, by the
incidental losses sustained by air.
craft in flight. The latter were not
very high. Numerically they were
around one-fourth of the German
losses. but we must consider that
the British we're using only fighters
while the German formations were
apparently about equally divided
between fighters and bombers.
Figuring the Losses.
It is impossible to estimate the
proportionate British losses, since
figures are not available as to the
numbers of British aircraft en-
ployed, but at least for speculative
purposes we can arrive at a tenta-
tive percentage If we make certain
assumptions: (a That the German
losses in fighters were about one
third Of their total. bombers about
two-thirds; (b) That the British
employed about so per cent more
fighters than the Germans did in
each days fighting, on the aver
age; Co That in each days fighting
the number of German bombers
and fighters was roughly equal;
Cd That the total British losses
averaged one-fourth Numerically
Of the total German losses, and were
all fighters. On these assumptions
the Germans, If their average losses
were IS per cent, lost 10 per cent Of
their fighters and 20 per cent of
their bombers for each mission
flown, again on the average; the
British lost S per cent Of their
fighters. But the German losses
were losses Of both men and ma
chimes, since the crews Fighter died
or became prisoners; while rather
more than half of the British crews
bailed out with parachutes, accord
ing to reports, and will live to fly
and fight again.
On this basis or anything like it
and despite the arbitrary assump-
tions it is not so very far from the
truth-the German fighter force will
tend to diminish proportionately to
the British, twice as fast In material
and four times as fast in personnel,
in proportion to the numbers en-
ployed. Since the German numer-
ical superiority in fighter planes in
operating units is now only about
four to 3, large-scale operations at
this rate cannot long be continued
without bringing the Germans to a
position of numerical inferiority,
unless their production rate in ma
chimes and trained pilots Is so much
higher than that of Britain. plus the
empire, plus what the United States
Evening star., 1940-08-22

can do now and in the future as to
enable them to make up these losses.
The actual production rate being
but little greater than the British
total in machines and probably no
more than equal in pilots, the con-
clusion is obvious-the one great ad-
vantage the Germans have Is in
their very large. Immediately avail
able reserve Of machines, and they
must win while that reserve lasts.
British Bomb at Night.
When we come to bombers, the sit
uation is somewhat different. Here
the Germans have q greater numer-
ical superiority perhaps as much as
two to one. Here also they have a
large reserve. But they must face,
in continued large-scale operations
over Great Britain, proportionate
losses Of 20 per cent or more for each
mission flown, while the British
Bomber force is sustaining only a
tiny fraction Of such losses. The
reason for this Is that the British
are confping themselves to night
bombing The Germans. cutting
corners in the matter of training, of
instruments and other bottlenecks In
order to get the large numbers
needed for sustained and effective
attacks, are not very good at night
bombing. The British are.
OF course, when there is not op-
position, day bombing is far more
effective than night bombing, but
night bombing can do a great deal
of damage when carried out by we'll
trained crews with good equipment,
and it's risks are very small.
Fighter planes are not effective at
night, defense against night bomb
ing being principally in the hands Of
the anti-aircraft artillery, supple
Evening star., 1940-08-22
Egyptian Mobile Unit
Takes Position 10
Repe| Invasion a..
Will Fight Beside Britain
If Attacked, Minister
War Declares
~ the Associated Press.

- eLV ASSOSlatco HIcSbs
CAIRO, Egypt, Aug. 22.-War
Minister Kelsey Pasha disclosed to-
day that an Egyptian mobile divi-
sion already has taken up strategic
positions to resist any invasion,
presumably from Libya in the west.
where large italian troop concen-
trations have been reported.
I'VE viii not attack" he said, but
II We are attacked we will fight
alongside our ally. Britain. for the
protection of our country"
His statement reflected Egypt's
determination to keep out Of war
unless she should be invaded or at
Tackled decision which leaves her
entry into the conflict or her con-
tinued neutrality squarely up to
Italy.
Warned BY Gen. Wavell.
The government headed by Pre-
mier Hassan Sabry Pasha, after
weathering q torrent of demands for
entering the war alongside the
British, made it clear the nation will
not do so unless her territory or
army is attacked.
The British, meanwhile, were
warned by 1t. Gen. Sir Archibald p.
Wavell, commander Of Britain's
Middle Eastern forces, who said
Hitler, finding his way to invasion of
Britain blocked. may, like Napoleon,
turn east In search of easier sue
cess"
We've had long period Of watch
Ing and waiting out here" he said
in . broadcast yesterday to Britain,
"and some Of you have grown weary
Of 1t. But can assure you that the
importance of our position Is fully
realized"
Egypt's Premier, after q 1--WE -hour
debate on Egyptian war policy in
the crowded Chamber of Deputies,
declared Egypt "harbors no Ill feel
ing toward any nation" and only
direct attack could swerve her from
determination to avoid war.
Entry Into War Demanded.
The Premier's statement was CIV
en- after Ahmed Maher PaSha, preSi-
dent of the Chamber, and other
political leaders had demanded i'm
mediate entry into the war to pro-
tect the country's territorial integrity
in the face of continued massing of
Italian troops at Bardia, Libya, some
80 miles from the Egyptian frontier.
Egypt's attitude, first adopted by
the previous government of Ally
Maher Pasha, now appears definitely
fixed: To keep out of war unless she
is attacked directly, meanwhile CIV
ing the British full use of naval and
military bases and communications
systems with which to wage war on
Italy, in accordance with her de-
fensive treaty with Britain.
Ahmed Maher Pasha, citing re-
cent Italian bombings of Alexandria
and several Egyptian towns, had
been waging a campaign for several
weeks urging that actual participa-
ton at the side of Britain would
mean a speedier end to the war.
Evening star., 1940-08-22
Second Child Adopted
By Mellon and Wife
81 the Associated Press

BY the ASooe1ateo fress
PITTSBURGH, Aug. 22.-Richard
King Mellon, who is directing the
billiOn-dollar Mellen banking EN-.
pire, and his wife disclosed yester-
day they have adopted . second
child, a 3-month-old girl, who has
been named Cassandra King Mellon.
The young heiress has a foster
brother about q year older, Richard
Prosser Mellon, who was adopted as
she was, from The Cradle, noted Chi
cago children's home.
Mr.. Mellon is the son of the late
Richard B Mellon, who with An
drew w. Mellon, former Treasury
Secretary, made millions In banking,
aluminium, oil, coal and steel.