davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-11-02
for
Delphiniurn
Failures
Fungus in Soil Is
Held Responsible
For Grown Rot
BY EDWIN H. PERKINS.

Most delphinium failures were for
merly blamed on incorrect soil acid-
ity. Yellowed leaves, sudden whiting
and early death of the plants were
generally attributed to an incorrect
hydrogen-ion concentration or pH
value Of the soil. That theory is
now known to be wrong and suc-
cessruI delphinum growers pay but
little attention to the PHI value. They
do pay particular attention to the
soils fungus content since 1t Is
pretty well established that dolphin
ium crown rot, the actual offender,
is behind the failures.
Crown rot-infected plants may be
lifted out of the ground easily.
Close examination discloses that the
crown is completely decayed. The
fungus which causes this disease
lives in the soil and is likely to grow
during winter and spread alarm
ingly unless some steps are taken to
free the soil from it. Fortunately,
the treatment is simple and mex
pensive.
Soils known to harbor this fungus,
or even thought to contain it, should
be well drenched with solution of
corrosive sublimate One ounce of
corrosive sublimate dissolved in IS
gallons of water makes the correct
strength solution Q:2000) for killing
this and similar soil funguses. Use
1t before the soil freezes for best
results.
Evening star., 1940-11-02

of taller growing shrubs, 2. vernae
offers a pleasing variation from the
stiffness of the japanese barberry.
The above are some of the more
promising forms, varieties and
species. The choice will depend
somewhat upon the use for which
intended. The less commonly grown
kinds are, however, more expensive
than the common Japanese species
which can, on occasion, become al
most weed as it seeds very freely.
All barberries are useful for foliage
and for winter color; they are very
ee-fruiting and the berries are re-
tanned until late in the winter or
early spring. The barberries should
be more widely used to protect ever
greens from dogs. Be careful, how
ever, that the barberries do not
encroach upon the growth of the
lower branches of the evergreens.
Move them as the evergreens grow.
Sometimes it is desirable to use
a shrub between the conifers and
larger-leaved shrubs, and the bar
berry will be found very useful for
this transitional purpose.
Barberries are not very particular
as to soil or exposure. They do,
however, repay care with strong
growth and freedom of fruiting.
Their f1brous root systems make it
difficult to grow less vigorous
flowers close by. They will grow in
light shade, but are not thrifty in
deep shade or on the north side Of
a wall 1t is seldom the practice to
prune them, although shortening
the long shoots will encourage
branching. When a bush becomes
too woody due to age it is desirable
to remove a part of the branches
by cutting them back to the ground.
1t is seldom desirable to continue
shearing the tips year after year,
which tends to make them too
stubby for best appearances.
The barberries are relatively free
from disease and insect pests. B.
vulgaris, as mentioned above, is
susceptible to black-stem rust of
wheat and should not be planted in
wheat-growing areas. The others
are immune to this rust. Occasion
ally the japanese barberry, B. thun-
berg, is attacked by verticillium
wilt and by bacterial leaf spot.
These diseases are rare. If at
tackled, it is better to destroy the
bushes than to try to control the
disease.
Surely shrubs with as many pos
sibilities as the barberry family do
not merit criticism because they
are too widely planted. If anything,
we might be criticized because we
do not use more of the varieties and
species in our paintings.
Evening star., 1940-11-02
Sophora Japonica Is
A Decorative and
Graceful Tree

Many gardeners are more or less
partial to trees of the legume or
pea family, for most of these are
good growers, they do we'll under
rather adverse conditions, and only
a few are particularly bothered by
insects.
Another advantage of trees Of
the pea family is that they have the
ability to gather much of the
nitrogen they need from the air.
Very often shade trees are starved
for lack Of nitrogen, particularly in
lawn and street paintings, and most
of us do not feed our trees as much
as we should.
One tree that is planted oc-
casionally in America and should be
used more is Japanese pagoda tree,
Sophora japonica This is a rather
tall, deciduous tree which bears
handsome, whitish flowers in pam
icles in the summer. Its pinnately
compound leaves are characteristic
of most of the legume type of trees,
and the foliage effect is very at
tractive and graceful.
Evening star., 1940-11-02
Supply
Of Soil for
Will Be Needed for
Houseplants and
Spring Seedlings
Star Stan Photo

Before the ground finally gets
too hard TO work, you should lay
in supply of potting soil for winter
use. This will be needed to stim-
ulate the house plants and for
starting seedlings in early spring.
Barrels, boxes and even burlap bags
are suitable containers and the
location should be one where the
soil has no opportunity to freeze.
If you do not have ideal soil to
bring in, it is just as well to make
some. An ideal soil is one fairly
loose in texture, somewhat gritty,
and one which will not form a tight
sticky ball when compressed in the
hands. Obviously, for this pur-
pose, it should contain a large
quantity of food. If the soil you
can obtain easily does not meet
these requirements, you may mix
some.
A good potting mixture is made
from one part heavy clay loam,
one part sharp gritty sand and
another part of thoroughly de-
cayed manure. To each bushel of
this mixture, allow one pound of
bone meal. Mix the components
thoroughly, then sift the mixture
through a half-mch meshed sieve.
Moisten it slightly and store away
for future use.
In the event you cannot obtain
well rotted manure, it is suggested
that one part of granulated peat
moss be substituted for it. Smaller
quantities Of quick-acting fertilizers
will then be needed when the soil
is ready to use.
Evening star., 1940-11-02
The Garden Notebook
There Are Several Advantages
Connected With Fall Planting

Now that the frost has stopped
growth on many of our plants and
shrubs and the weather is brisk and
invigorating, we feel the urge to
prune and do other jobs in the gar
den. 1t is better to leave the prun-
ing shears alone. BY pruning the
spring Towering shrubs at this sea-
son we will remove many buds and
reduce next springs floral display.
Another reason for waiting until
spring to do our pruning is that if
there Is to be any winter-kill 1t will
begin at the tips and not on the
wood left after pruning.
Have you made the cold-frame
ready for spring use? Now is the
best time to do it for the soil is
comparatively dry and it is much
more comfortable to work now than
next March when we will need it.
Be sure to bank the dirt up around
it so as to keep out cold winds.
In selecting shrubs and trees for
fall planting 1t Is better to omit
those with soft feshy roots. They
are best planted in the spring just as
they start into growth. These in
clude the tulip poplar. magnolias.
dogwoods, etc. Fall paintings of
boxwood, unless protected by shades,
are more risky than spring planting.
The plants are slow to become estab-
lished and hence the roots are un-
able to supply sufficient moisture to
the leaves and there is sunburn.
We should defer applying plant
food until all growth has stopped. A
few warm days and moisture to
carry the fertilizer down to the
feeding roots could very easily pro-
duce soft growth that would be
winter-killed. Let's wait a few
weeks.
Mildew on the lilac leaves at this
season makes the foliage look bad
but does not appreciably injure the
plant.
Evening star., 1940-11-02
Illustrations Are
Core of New Book

"The Garden Clinic" by Laurence
Blair, published by the Macmillan
Co. of New York can well be called
"how to do it" book.
1t not only describes flowers, their
planting and culture, but illustra-
tions are the most outstanding fea-
ture. While the text is simple and
carefully written, the illustrations
are so well done that one may de-
pend upon them alone
THE Garden Clinic" is not an all
inclusive reference book, but rather
confines its scope to the more COM
monty grown and dependable plants.
This does not imply that it deals
only with marigolds and roses, for
it devotes chapter each to the
ANIMALS, to the irises, lilies, bulbs,
evergreens, Towering shrubs, flower
ing trees, vines, water lilies, and one
to cutflowers. Thus the scope is
wide enough to meet the needs of the
average amateur-yes, of many
advanced amateurs.
Take the chapter on iris as an
example. A brief description Is
given of the iris as garden flowers,
their culture and adaptability, dis
eases and insect pests and their
control, and to the season of bloom.
Then a paragraph is devoted to
each of the various groups describ-
ing their usefulness and culture.
The two pages devoted to illustra-
tions not only picture these types
but give the nomenclature COM
monty used in descriptions, illustrates
division of old clumps, the kinds of
roots of the various types, and last
but not least the ravages Of the
borer and of root rot, the two most
common difficulties encountered in
iris growing.
This book lacks a chapter on soils
and soil problems which is in many
ways serious omission. A properly
prepared and handled soil goes a
long ways toward insuring a sue
cessful garden. w. H. Y.
Evening star., 1940-11-02
Minor
Elements
Adequate Supply of
Them Essential to
Good Fertilizer
By THE MASTER GARDENER.

By THE MASTER GARDENER.
Name the three elements con-
tanned in fertilizers"
I was rather amazed to see this
statement in QUESTIONABLE re-
Gently reproduced in garden mag
azine, particularly as the question
naire had originated in a garden
center.
Because complete balanced
plant food (Which is what every
gardener should use for best re-
sults) must contain many more than
three elements. 1t is true that there
are three elements, termed major
elements" - nitrogen, phosphoric
acid and potash-which have long
been acknowledged essential for the
growth of all plants.
But in addition to those three
elements, there are also a number
of other elements commonly called
minor elements" which science has
found are also quite essential to the
plants welfare Manufacturers of
complete balanced plant foods make
it a point to see that these impor-
tant minor elements, as well as the
better known major elements, are
also included in their plant food.
We have definite evidence from
many State agricultural experiment
stations and other prominent agron-
omists, that small quantities OF
many of these minor elements make
a great difference in the growth
and development of plants. De-
ficiencies of these elements are re-
sponsible for a number of diseases,
particularly in vegetables, and for
poorly developed produce. Have
you ever purchased celery on which
the stalk was badly blemished and
large portion practically unusable?
Well, the condition of that celery
may have been due to a deficiency
of minor element in the soil in
which it was grown. This is just
one of the many instances that
could be cited as to the Importance
of minor elements.
Calcium, magnesium, sulphur,
iron, manganese, copper, zinc and
boron all play an important part
in the development of the plant.
Scientists can tell fascinating
story about the role of each, espe-
cially in sections of the country
where deficiency of some one ele-
ment is particularly marked, or on
crops where lack of some one of
these minor elements causes some
deficiency disease, such as the case
cited above.
But these rarer plant foods must
be handled with care and under
standing, as excessive amounts
cause damage and crop failure. Only
very small quantities are needed and
they must be thoroughly incorpo-
rated with the other major elements
in the plant food mixture.
That is why it takes skill and
knowledge to properly prepare a
balanced plant food-why it is the
reliable manufacturer with years of
experience who is capable of pro-
ducing a product that can be de-
pended upon at all times to give
satisfaction to the home gardener.
So if ever you are compiling
QUESTIONABLE for your garden club,
don't say: Name the three elements
contained in fertilizers" Instead,
say: What is the difference be-
tween an ordinary fertilizer and a
complete balanced plant food?"
and I'm addition to the major ele-
ments contained in complete bal
anced plant food, what are some
Of the minor elements contained
therein?"
Evening star., 1940-11-02
Volume on Roses
Has MANY Uses

When first glancing through j.
Horace McFarland's Modern Roses
H." published by the Macmillan Co.
Of New York, I was impressed with
the tremendous amount of effort
that went into its preparation. My
second thought was that there were
comparatively few who would need
it. However, it had not been on my
desk but a day or two before began
to find uses for it.
DR.. Mcfarland has listed nearly
5000 roses-hybrid-teas, hybrid
perpetuals, rugosas and rugosa
hybrids, climbers, species roses and
miscellaneous kinds and varieties.
These are arranged alphabetically
The originator or introducer, the
date of introduction, and most
important of all, the color descrip-
ton is given for each variety.
If you grow more than a few roses
an authoritative description is of
interest. for mistakes will occur and
a variety may be misnamed. The
origin of a rose is of more than
passing interest to most gardeners.
The date of origin is frequently
helpful, especially if you should care
to enter your blooms in a local
flower show.
DR.. Mcfarland, as president emer-
titus and editor of the American
Rose Society has made the most Of
his opportunity to study and tab
ulate the records of his office. In
addition he has grown great many
Of the varieties himself and hence
has been able to substantiate some
Of the claims made for them.
This volume which supersedes the
first edition, has had the benefit of
helpful criticism of rose growers
throughout the world and hence is
very valuable reference and check
book. w. H. Y.
Evening star., 1940-11-02
Give Valuable Protection
ToLawns and Shrubberv
By Discouraging Dogs
Colorful Fruits and Foliage
Make Them Ornamental
Assets to Any Grounds
BY w. H. YOUNGMAN.

Some gardeners claim that the bbere meaning the japanese
overpland Others
the home gardener Regardless
take is worth moment OF our time to look into the barb Berb
kinds Unfortunately
Of this
hardy should like The ocaed native barberry vgar
by Federal harbos the destructive
The japanese baberry B. hunbergi the most commonly
planted attractive
well facing
barrier While is often seldom
formal hedge useful
California prvet which much
pruning
breeders produced varieties B. hunbergi that
upright worthy wider hedges The variety
plrifoa another The latter
Evening star., 1940-11-02
Garden Club Note

The Garden Club Of Chevy Chase,
Md, will meet on Wednesday, No.
vember 6, at 3 pm, at the home Of
Mrs. Frank c. Wilcox, $500 Meadow
lane. Mrs. Gideon Stieff, president
of the Federated Garden Clubs Of
Maryland will speak on the work
being accomplished by the fedora
tion. There will also be an exhibi-
ton of fall flower arrangements by
members Of the club, with prizes
awarded By pouular vote.
Evening star., 1940-11-02

Many shrubs and roses are best
p,Anted In the fall. There are sew
eral advantages to fall planting. In
the first place nurseries dig their
stock in the fall and in most cases
the plants store better in the ground
than in warehouse. Secondly, they
make root growth early in the
spring-earlier than We are apt to
plant them. And thirdly, in the
fall the entire stock is available
from which to make selections, while
in the spring some varieties and the
better grades may be sold out.
Are English tulip bulbs as good
as the Dutch? Would you rather
have American grown? These are
questions facing the home gardener.
In most cases the English bulbs are
fully as good as the Dutch for they
are grown under rather similar con-
ditions. To answer the second ques-
ton, however, we must admit that
the largest sized tulip bulbs are the
more desirable. Regardless of where
they are grown, the gardener wants
top-sized bulbs and should not be
encouraged to buy small-sized bulbs.
Next springs flowers are in the
bulbs planted this fall. A small
sized bulb can hardly be expected to
produce top-sized flower.
At this season of the year the
question of what fertilizer to use in
shrub and bulb beds is often raised.
Bonemeal is commonly suggested.
1t is an organic material low in
nitrogen g to per cent? and high
in phosphate 06 per cent? and con-
tains considerable lime. The phos-
phate is slowly available at best
and must be incorporated in the
soil to break down so that plants
may use it. For use as a surface
feeding or where the phosphate is
needed quickly it is better to apply
the chemical superphosphate. Avoid
the use of bonemeal around acid
loving plants.
Evening star., 1940-11-02

hedge columberry. However, the
ordinary species (thunbergD may be
pruned into compact hedge that
turns animals, and even children;
thus it may be said to be superior
to privet. We seldom find barberry
hedge that is barelegged-devoid Of
leaves and branches at the base.
For Low Growing
Borders.
For a lower growing hedge one
might consider the variety-minor,
commonly called box barberry. While
the leaves are quite small and its
growth is low it is not evergreen
and thus can hardly be called
substitute for lockwood. For very
low edgings-5 to inches-it re-
quires too much painstaking pruning
to be especially satisfactory. Like
other barberyies it will tolerate some
shade, but it is not thrifty in heavy
shade. Do not confuse the variety
minor with the evergreen B. buxi-
folia, a more or less tender species.
To continue with the Japanese
barberry-there is the purple-leaf
barberry, variety atropurpurea. Its
leaves, however, are lustrous deep
red or purple. In shady situations
this variety seldom retains the red
color.
The Sergeant barberry, B. sargen-
tiana, is an evergreen species from
Western China, and is fairly hardy
here. In protected places it will do
very well even further north. The
leaves are spiny toothed and a dark
leathery green.
The Wintergreen barberry, B. juli-
anae, is repeatedly the most hardy
of the evergreen kinds. Its fruits
are bluish-black and the growth is
fairly upright. For many uses it is
more desirable than the Japanese
barberry.
A lower-growing evergreen bar
berry, B. verruculosa, the Warty
barberry, is more spreading than
the Wintergreen barberry, and is
recommended for rock gardens.
Under favorable conditions it will
reach two feet in height. The leaves
are small and glossy and the growth
ts slow, 50 it should be useful for
such situations, especially where
slightly protected.
Variety Highly
Praised.
Berberis vernae, with its salmon
red fruit is highly praised by some
growers. The leaves are quite vari-
able in size, some being only u inch
in length, while others are two
inches long. 1t is of slender growth
and hence, the dropping fruit-laden
branches are very attractive. AS
specimen, and for paintings in front
Evening star., 1940-11-02


No Have noticed right foliage
ent the wrong home? Most Of the time give too little
thought to the background against
detailed solid of
ages like magnolia branches skeched above
whole efectboh Of wallpaper and owerss spoiled
composed complex individual shapes
wall the above sketch there
dstracng ecmpeng units To make your flowers stand out clearly
could behind detailed flower design
No 3-Agan plain wall surface be painted ppered there
which effectively displayed
Bold rich foliage good particularly when rather
intricate arrangement the magnolia
extremely decorative laurel branches
huckeberry
and carnations the flowers chosen Just above large
napdgos branches and potho vines make
striking picture You'll the satisfactory results IN home deco
Evening star., 1940-11-02
POinSettias

Poinsettia plants often become
chilled in transportation and the
leaves turn yellow and fall. To pre-
vent this, set the pot in water the
same temperature as the room in
which 1t is kept until the soil is
warm. 1t may then be set where
1t will get sun.
Evening star., 1940-11-02
Japanese Barberry Worthy of Wider

make
that you'll them without a mistake" y
FRANK MoREooR 4
confused by botanical plants
o help.
Botanical names should gardener well
several different
commonly
preas
With which named
understand and often full
meaning.
just your family
group Smith The second name or
distinguishes from
Evening star., 1940-11-02

Too often we ignore the decorative and orna.
mental effect of the dogwood berries, glowingly red
against the smooth bronse leaves the shrub. Dog
lVoods add as much color and beauty to the fall pic.
ture as they lend to the spring scene, fact ,vhich
should be borne in mind ,vhen planting.
Evening star., 1940-11-02
Starting Bulbs

Plant bulbs close to the window
panes and away from the heat of
the room instead Of starting them
In a dark room. You will get better
results.
Evening star., 1940-11-02
A Spade May Be a Spade,
But a Flower Usually
Has a String Of Names
Botanical Nomenclature Is
Sometimes Confusing to
The Amateur Gardener
BY LOUISE HENDEY.

while foxglove and lettuce, so well known to you.
May mean nothing or anything in old Timbuktu;
But name them in Latin and then you may make
bet that you'll get them without mistake"
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1940-12-05
DO YOU KNOW?

That of the 100000 acres
of forest land in Canada only
about half contains timber of
disable size.
That the Netherlands, East
Indies, worlds fifth petroleum
center yielded 100000 tons of
oil last year on 2.8 per cent Of
the total oil output.
That fifty-nine known species
of reptiles and amphibians live
within the Great Smokes Ma
tional park.
That the blue whale, the
worlds largest mammal, some
times attains a weight of $50
tons, as much as IS elephants,
and is far larger than the giant
prehistoric monsters.
That although lignin, next
to cellulose the most abundant
organic material produced an
nually by nature has been rec
Ognized as a constituent of
plant material for 100 years, it
Is still not possible to give q
chemical definition for 1t.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1940-12-05
THE BIG HORN
0. P. O. Club
Holds Meetinq

The o. P. o. club held it's sec
ond meeting on Wednesday, No
vember 20. The club members
first had their luncheon in the
school cafeteria at a reserved
table, after which they ad-
journed to room II at IL o'clock.
Much new business was dis
cussed by the members. The
constitution and bylaws was
adopt ed and entertainment
committees were appointed for
future meetings.
Those on the committee are
Pamela Lane, chairman; Marie
Bentley, Bert Salveson, and Le-
ona Radke. Maxine Clawson,
chairman; Phyllis Du n h a m,
Evagene Turley, and Betsy Ross.
Mary Lou Frailey, chairman;
Donna Wagner, Bill Wilson,
Waunetta Eckroy and Barney
Sibley. Mary Ruth Beall, chair
man; Evelyn Lopez, Marguerite
Plummer and Mary Roberts
Rhinehart. Ray Hogan, chair
man; Ed BearsS, Grover Dunlap,
David Nagashima, Dave Melen-
drez and Loyal Dillon.
The club adjourned at 200
o'clock, and will meet again on
December 4.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1940-12-05
The Hedrt Heuler

Dear Aunt Sue,
I can't think of any more
excuses for being absent from
Journalism. What can I do about
it?
Bill Dillon.
Dear Bill,
If you would attend class, you
wouldn't need excuses.
Aunt Sue,
Dear Aunt Sue,
How can the Shorthand I
class make Miss Barlow smile
again?
The Sad Students.
Dear Students,
Get better than so in your
six weeks test next time.
Aunt Sue,
Dear Aunt Sue,
Why do we need an extra
school?
The Enbezzeled Seniors.
Dear Seniors,
We don't. We have our re-
port cards.
Aunt Sue,
Dear Aunt Sue,
Who was the little "Jane"
Bert called on Sunday? I'm in
terested.
A Friend.
Dear Friend,
I've heard that she lives
south of Crow Agency; but
you'll have to ask him who she
is. ~
Aunt Sue,