davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-04-14
steady flow Of Swedish iron ore, more
wheat, more lumber.

steady flow Of Swedish iron ore, more
wheat, more lumber
For Germany, control OF Norway i'm
plies comparable advantages-perhaps
even greater ones.
Economically, this rugged member Of
the Scandinavian group possesses worth
while stores Of lumber, wheat, iron ore.
Like Denmark, it owns great maritime
industry, ranking among top five nations
Of world in total tonnage-much Of it oil
carrying. British steps to take over ships
OF both these nations already are under
way. And even more than Denmark,
Norway is one of worlds great fishing
nations In months past, as in the first
World War. Norwegians have braved
blockades of belligerents in return for
wartime shipping profits-have contrib
uted much to sustenance of Britain.
AS military prize. Norway would have
tremendous offensive value to Germany,
lesser but material defensive value.
In latter respect, southern Norwegian
coast, II brought under complete con-
quest, would complement Danish shore
line to provide Nazis with
Strategic crisscross defensive control
Norwov Of Skaggerak. Fortified as
Germans could do 1t within
reasonable time, these facing coasts
could be modern military Scylla and
Charybdis between which no enemy navy
could venture safely. Immediately i'm
portant and vulnerable in establishing
dominance Of this southern Norwegian
coast is Horten naval base, tucked into
narrowest part of Olso Fjord.
But for offensive purposes, Norway Of
fers even more to Nazi arms, those very
seaports at which landing parties ap-
pared so magically on Tuesday and
around which fighting still RACES. In
them, II Germany Is able to maintain its
possession. Nad submarines and surface
raiders would have convenient supply and
refuge facilities - scattered terminals
which would stand as constant threats to
British sea supremacy. Back Of them
would be airplane bases, dangerously
close to north British naval yards and
bases.
With railroad and highway facilities
between southern and northern Norway
either non existent or in
1ronspoFt adequate, control must be
Problems maintained, however, by
air and water.
In this fact, Of course, lies the element
Of weakness to whole German strategy
Of occupying Norway-namely. dimculty
Of maintaining communication and sup
ply lines with fatherland. TO British
Navy falls duty Of cutting these lines
II 1t fails then Norwegian resistance
would be futile, allied fortunes dark.
@ GrAvely disturbed ~ 1t stands by
during ravagins Of its sister scandi-
snax1xn St4tee . CNsdei. 80. ~. So.
ConStderahly short Of being drst class
Evening star., 1940-04-14
Domestic Front

Like the rest Of the world, United
States Government was caught unawares
by swift German aggression.
Over apparently dull week end, Presi-
dent Roosevelt had made first visit in 10
weeks to his Hyde Park home, Secretary
Of State Hull was trying to get few hours
OF rest at Atlantic City.
American Undersecretary Welles was
Reaction at Oxon Hill country home.
But sharp and industrious
Assistant Secretary Adolph Berle, .
quiet power In the formulation Of this
Nations foreign policy, was close at hand
when word first reached here, about mid
night on Monday, that Nazi troopers had
marched into Denmark. Scarcely more
than minutes later came dramatic
Message from Mrs. J. Borden Hartman,
our Minister to Norway, that Nazi ships
were under fire in Oslo Fjord-that
northern nation was "at war with Ger
many" t.. 49,.
In furious hours that followed Berle
marshaled all information available, set
our diplomatic machinery in motion to
meet changing conditions as quickly as
possible.
En- route by special train, Chief Ex-
ecutive summoned reporters to his car,
remarked gravely that startling develop
ments Of preceding "a 4rhours should make
Americans think more seri-
Presidents ously than they have in
Anxiety past six months of "poten-
tialities" of Europe's war.
BY this. he emphasized, he implied no
likelihood Of American intervention
but healthy concern for how the course
Of world history is sure to affect this
Nation.
In Washington he was met by State
and War Department chieftains. On
Evening star., 1940-04-14

And westerly from Bergen. Nazi air
squadron late Tuesday attacked strong
British fleet unit-scored
Rodney bomb hit on battleshlp
Bombed Rodney, damaged cruiser
Aurora sunk destroyer
Gurhka
Northward again, one of Britains
crack ships, 32,000-ton battle cruiser Re-
nown plunged through stormy seas to
attack two German vessels, 26.0O0-ton
Scharnhorst and 10,000-ton Hipper class
cruiser. Retreating under smoke screens,
Nazis escaped, but not until Renown had
claimed hit on larger German ship.
More spectacular than any of these
were reports OF British fleet penetration
into Skaggerak and Kattegat and SUBJ
sequent dispersal of Nazi transport
flotilla. On Thursday, Churchill and
Reynaud informed their legislators that
German losses in half week had totaled
18 vessels, among them 10 transports,
most of which presumably had been at
tackled in close quarters between Dem
mark and Norway.
At same time, Churchill pledged that
Royal Navy would complete its destruc-
ton Of German sea pow
ChurchiII's er - certainly weakened
Worninq materially if damage
claims by allies are near
'truth-and would take what we want
Of this Norwegian coast" He admitted
however, that British had reoccupied
none of Nordic towns.
Later in week it appeared his best
chance Of taking what we want" would
be either at Trondheim or Oslo. Stand
ing at head of deep ford that knifes its
way almost across narrow waist Of
country, Trondheim is railroad function
for north, south and eastern travel.
Around rumored British Norwegian Of
fensive action against this city has been
drawn wells of official secrecy.
But southwark, Norwegian sources re-
port their erstwhile capital under virtual
siege as British speedily sow mine fields
and establish death-watch. calculated to
cut transport and communications be-
tween Danish territory and Norway. ~.
Cooperating closely. Of course, In AL
these actions have been beligerent air
fleets-German and Brit
Air Fleets ish-their toll being con-
In Action siderable not only in
number Of ships dam
aged, but in their demoralizing effect
upon vital supply lines. On Friday, for
instance, London communique declared
that r. A. F. flyer had blown up am
munition-loaded transport en- route
across Skaggerak to Oslo. On same day,
Berlin dispatch claimed bomber had
scored hit on unidentified British air.
craft carrier. And every day, swift air
attacks by squadrons or by single flyers
are recorded-invariably scoring new
successes" in death and destruction.
In fact, threatening to set new pattern
for war in air, was alleged British
bombing attack Of railroad line in Ger
man-occupied Danish territory. Appro-
pirate reprisals may be taken, Berlin
warned pointedly.
Evening star., 1940-04-14

military power. but biggest and strongest
of Nordic group, Sweden repeatedly was
given to understand when lightning
struck Denmark and Nor
Sweden's way that it had nothing
Dilemma to fear from Germany II
1t maintained non-bel-
hgerent policy in immediate crises. For
time being this understanding has been
ehicacious, but 1t is no international
secret that Swedes are maintaining de-
tense forces at close to maximum quick
action strength.
With Bolshevik Russia distressingly
close by, Stockholm government must
keep its anxious eyes on two great to-
talitarian neighbors- covetous Of
Swedish ores and foodstuffs.
But not in Scandinavia alone was
there apprehension last week.
In many respects the most convenient
battle-ground for Europes present bel
Igerents, Netherlands and Belgium have
set to worrying anew since German
thrust northward demonstrated how
quickly and easily such things may be
done.
For the Dutch Army all leaves were
Cancelled, civilian travel restricted to
permit free movement Of troops, plans
reviewed for opening key dikes to flood
lowiand sectors.
More dangerous even to allies than
German occupation Of Norway would be
similar coup involving Holland or Bel
GUM. But not so
Low Countries ingenious in their
Are Worried beliefs that war will
not come their way,
neither is likely to be caught asleep If
blitzkrieg Of aggression is attempted
from either side.
And by no means forgotten in weeks
demonstrations Of pressure politics and
international brigandage are explosive
Balkans.
Battling for weeks to swing Rumania
and her rich natural productivity; ''au-
thorised German sources" on Monday
revealed plot" by Britishers to. close
Danube River by blowing
Danube UP bridges and channel
Crisis through explosion Of half
dozen dynamite-lade d n
barges. To combat such "reprehensible"
tactics by British, Berlin brought new
pressure on Balkan river countries to
permit Nazi policing Of waterway.
Not unrelated to this effort, it was
believed, was ostentatious movement of
Red Russian troop reinforcements into
Odessa reeion-close by Bessarabian
sector which Moscow long has contended
should be taken from Rumania and
restored" to Soviet.
Countering, R,mania ordered new
step IN aataons scdnuniie rrsrarstn,ess
for way-namely, that supplies sumcient
Evening star., 1940-04-14
By David Lloyd Georse.

ever occurred between navies and large
forces Of airplanes
British men of war attacked Bergen
after 1t had been occupied by the Ger
mans, and British airplanes effectively
attacked German cruisers. consid-
cradle number of airplanes came to the
aid Of the Germans and fierce engage
ment took place between the clouds and
the waves. The British claim to have
sunk several German ships. On the
other hand, the Germans also claim that
they seriously damaged two British
cruisers. This is categorically denied by
the British admiralty.
The importance of the engagement
lies in the fact that 1t is the first seri-
Gus battle between naval and an aerial
force for definite land objective. But
. fierce battle is stin raging in the air
and on the sea. There may be many
more such trials Of strength before this
Norwegian episode is cleared up.
This has a bearing on inevitable future
attempts by the allies to land troops on
. shore defended by hostile force. The
Germans clearly intend to make full
use Of their vaunted aerial superiority to
beat OF all the allied efforts to land
large forces to assist the Norwegians in
defending their freedom.
Battle to Continue.
The result of the first fight has 50
far been indecisive. But it may be de-
pended upon that it will be renewed with
more numerous and more powerful craft.
What effect Will the occupation of Dem
mark and the invasion of Norway have
upon the course of the war? In order
to answer that question, one must form
some idea as to the motives which in
spired the German leaders in undertak-
Ing these two dramatic strokes.
AS to Denmark, there are obvious adj
vantages for Germany in having this
small but strategically important coun-
try under its complete control. It will
enable her to seal Theoretically the
bottleneck that leads to the Baltic.
Henceforth, allied craft cannot hope to
enter that sea to wage war on German
shipping. For al practical purposes it
will become the real German ocean.
The second advantage the Germans
hope to gain Is that they win at least
treble their frontage on the North Sea.
In the submarine, mining and aerial
warfare wased against Britain shipping,
the Danish coast Will, henceforth, play
the part Of the Belgian coast in the last
war.
The third is that it will be of great
importance in any pressure, moral or
military, which Germany may deem It
necessary to exert on Sweden. And II
Norway had to be invaded, 1t wa, es-
sential that the Danish coast bordering
On the Skagerrak and the Kattegat
should be In German hands.
Its Just possible that the determining
consideration in that German mind was
staas, .srgent ,31aportanoss, Of securing
Danish fats bacon, butter. and whale
- ezclsasixaly ieEs%he 0sEnaa markets.
No doubt . monopoly of Danish pro-
Evening star., 1940-04-14

Tuesday followed consultations with
Welles, Federal Loan Administrator
Jones. Treasury Secretary Morgenthau.
Out Of conferences came decision that
stop, look and listen" policy would be
followed regarding American credits to
Scandinavian states; then executive or
der extending combat zone northward
from previous limit Of Bergen to embrace
North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans along
Norwegian coast to spitzbergen and
down to Russian coast at point cutting
of White Sea; then executive order
freezing" against withdrawal all Dam
ish-Norwegian assets now held in United
States.
Studied closely here, as it undoubtedly
was in other world capitals, was status
OF Danish possessions.
6reenlond BY Britain came i'm.
And IceIond mediate seizure of Fa.
roe Islands, located
midway between Shetlands and Orkneys.
. OF closer concern to United States, how.
ever, was question of what was to become
OF Greenland and Iceland, both consid-
cred part Of the American continent on
every basis.
Under circumstances that Germany
was scarcely in position to attempt any
seizure OF outlying territories, no urgency
surrounded our consideration of problem,
Initial position with regard to Iceland.
moreover, was that it is independent re.
: public even though it pays allegiance to
Danish royal family. To solve its own
crisis, Iceland Parliament assumed fun
control Of its government.
Regarding Greenland, however, 1t was
considered of some significance that
President Roosevelt on Friday stressed
Its geographic and geological ties to this
continent-then announced that he was
asking American Red Cross to assume
part OF relief responsibilities for northern
island.
Evening star., 1940-04-14
World Stunned German Beg Strikes Ruessy

for is days Of operation be stored In oil
national defense industries.
OF utmost Importance in ultimate for
tunes Of present belligerents is policy
to be followed by Italy. Irritated on
past occasions by allied practices, Rome
became vexed last week
ltoIions again at possibility Of
WotehfuI British attempting block.
ade Of Adriatic as means
Of preventing development Of new trade
route into blockaded Germany. Al
though bauxite-laden ship over which
issue arose made voyage up Adriatic
without even sighting British warship,
suspicion Of allied intentions is still
indicated in Rome.
As for Scandinavian developments.
Fascist press adopted Nazi explanation;' =
namely, that "protectorate" was being
established as self-defense measure made
advisable by allied intentions toward
Norway. Declaring their opinion that
Germany had won important victory by
prompt aggression, italian spokesmen
implied Fascist intervention in war-on
side Of Reich.
1t would be absurd, member Of Fascist
Grand Council asserted, for Italy mot
to take part in the transformation Of
Europe and perhaps Of the world"
Increasingly important at this stage
in Europe's serious drama is prestige Of
belligerants and major neutrals. Thus
far in war, Germany has built greater
and greater prestige-on violent disre-
gard of smaller nations: allies have at
tempted with questionable success to in
crease theirs by moralizng on inviolabil-
ity Of same small nations. That success
full NaN doctrine OF swift force may be-
come bandwagon on which such impor-
tant acknowledgements rs Italy soon will
climb is matter Of genuine concern to
French-British bloc.
Evening star., 1940-04-14
Behind the Lines

There are numerous economic, political
and military reasons why Europe's bel
hgerent blocs are now fighting over. with.
and within the Scandinavian states.
Denmark is one of worlds greatest
food producers per square mile OF It's
limited territory. Justly famed are Dam
ish bacon, milk, eggs and like products
OF Its livestock and fertile fields. In
Evening star., 1940-04-14

"A. P. Photo.
addition, adjacent waters are rich COM.
lhercial areas.
Living on her exports Of these COM
modities, Denmark has habitually sent
some So PER cent of her foodstu6 pro-
duction to Great Britain, about 80 per
cent to Germany. Obviously, shipments
to Britain will not take place during
Nazi occupation, net result being SUBJ
stantial increase In food supplies Of
Reich and deepening Of problem Of
feeding British millions.
From military standpoint, Denmark
also is important acquisition to Germany.
Peninsular formation jutting northward
from Germany proper,
.Denmork's Danish coast provides
Importance strategic foothold for
.,,s.. command Of skaggerak
and Kattesat4waters INTO Baitic ses.
And down Baltic eea lanes have come
Evening star., 1940-04-14
Review of Thirty-Second Week of War
Rv John C.. Henry.


As passed became increasingly difficult
developments had bee but three things
Denmark has taken by
patton controlling half
that
severity.
Quite probably not until end this
detailed story weeks
greatest engagement World
Evening star., 1940-04-14
On Fighting Fronts

Although Britain's voluble Churchill
asserted in midweek that whole dra-
matte blast of violence of week had
been ruthlessly planned by Naz lead
ers for months past, spark which set
OF blitzkrieg northward was allied ac-
tion of planting three major mine fields
within Norwegian territorial waters in
North Atlantic. BY these, allies hoped
to end constant stream of German
shipping which for months had evaded
blockade to bring vital supplies to Reich.
Diplomatic protest from Norway fol-
lowed Immediately, but took second place
to Nazi screams of outraged principle.
Then on Monday came engagement
which forecast events to follow. Idling
off Southern Norway
Mondays coast, British subma-
PreIiminories rine sighted and
sank German troop
transport Rio de Janeiro, carrying an
estimated 500 men, horses and varied
equipment. In Associated Press dis
patch from Arendal, Norway, that after
noon there appeared following line:
There was no indication why Ger
man troop transport was in these waters
close to Norway"
The indication" came not many hours
later, before daybreak on Tuesday.
For with utmost and typical Gernanic
ehiciency, Na1 forces in simultaneous,
swift strokes requiring
-.1., e..
Evening star., 1940-08-22
Defense Agreement
Reached by Canada
And Newfoundland
indications Given y. 5.
Aid Would Be Welcome;
Big Airport Available
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
ST. JOHNS, Newfoundland, Aug.
22.-Canadian and Newfoundland
omcials have reached general
agreement on all points" covering
defense Of Newfoundland, with spe-
cial regard to this vast islands posi-
ton in the first line of defense OF
the North American Hemisphere"
This statement was made after 4
conference last night Of Canadian
and Newfoundland ofiicials.
The statement said details would
be handled by continuous discus.
sions" between Canadian and New.
foundland government representa-
tives.
It was understood Canada has un-
dertaken full responsibility for the
defense of Newfoundland with the
agreement Of Newfoundland oficialS.
A defense confederation actually
has been in operation since Cana
dian land and air forces arrived
here to defend Newfoundland.
U. S. Move Welcome.
The Canadian delegation. headed
by Associate Defense Minister c. G.
Power, planned to return to Nova
Scotia today
While the communique issued after
the conference made no mention Of
the United States, 1t was indicated
here that If the United States does
contract with the British govern
ment for Newfoundland base, such
an arrangement would be welcome.
1t was believed here the question
of United States participation in
Newfoundlands defense was dis
cussed during the conference, though
to what extent was a matter Of con-
lecture.
1t was authoritatively stated that
the United States had as yet made
no proposals to the Newfoundland
government.
Huge Airport Available.
Observers here suggested that the
huge Newfoundland airport, one Of
the largest in the world, would be
ample to accommodate any squad
rons the United States might wish
to maintain here There is con-
siderable surplus space at the $16,-
600 900 field on which hangers and
maintenance shops could be built.
Potential naval bases, however,
would require surveys. 1t Is ex-
pected these would be on the south
coast, where ice-free harbors could
be found of suitable size and depth
for warships.
Two of the finest such harbor sites
are Mortier Bay, on the Burin
Peninsula not far from st. Johns,
and La Pole Bay, on the southwest
coast.
Evening star., 1940-08-22
Severe Quake Reported
In AIeutiun Area
BY the Associated Press.


WESTON, Mass, Aug. IA
strong and severe earthquake"
about 1900 miles northwest Of Bos-
ton. and probably in the vicinity Of
the Aleutian Islands, was reported
today by the Rev Daniel Linehan,
S. j.. seismologlst at Weston College
Father Linenan said the first
shock was recorded at ll:37:21
o'clock eastern daylight time) last
night and lasted for five hours. He
estimated the quake occurred about
10 minutes earlier.
UNALASKA, Alaska Aug. % R.-
Unalaska and vicinity felt the sharp
est earthquake shock in several years
last night. Buildings rocked and
dishes ratified. but no damage or
injuries were reported.
Evening star., 1940-08-22
British Making Planes
By Mass Production

By the Associated Press.
LONDON, Aug. 22.-Britain now
is using mass-production methods in
turning out training planes.
A track assembly line introduced
in a British aircraft factory. 1t
was disclosed today, is being used
for final stages of construction of
the fast Miles-Master single-mo-
tored training plane.
James All the Worlds Aircraft
says the two-seater Miles-M Master
monoplane has q cruising speed of
ZIG miles an hour, with top speed
of $50 m D. h.
Evening star., 1940-08-22
Nozis Spend 200 Million a Year
On Espionage and Sabotage
Col. Donovan Says Millions Of Agents
Work to Enlist Traitors Abroad

The tolloDirg is the last OF
series OF four articles made public
oy Secretary of the Many Knor
as part of the national defense
program. Col. DOnOudn recently
returned from mission abroad,
on behalf of Secretary Knor. He
Drote these articles in Collab0ra-
= tion ,rith Edgar Ansel Mo,Urer,
, distinguished foreign correspond
ent.
Evening star., 1940-08-22
by COL. WILLIAM J. DONOVAN
.na EnCAR ANSEI. MOWRER.

the world.
Worth More Than Soldiers.
Together these eight organizations
spend on propaganda, espionage and
sabotage roughly 5000 900 900 a year.
It seems a lot of money. but Hitler
has publicly expressed his intention
of keeping this service at full blast
even If it means fewer infantry
divisions in the army. When one
considers that this combined service,
with its 10000 employees, can prob
ably claim credit for the ease Of
Hitler's many victories, it Is obvious
that the same result could hardly
be obtained so cheaply in any other
way.
The German Foreign Off1ce thus
has two irons in the fire abroad.
One are the millions Of Germans
In Bohle's Auslands- Organization.
The others are the German diplo-
mats abroad. BY noticing that on
the whole the German government
has four or five times as many "ac-
credited" diplomatic and consular
agents In each post as any other
country. one can perhaps guess the the
type Of activity OF four-fifths OF
them. Often they publicly mix in
the policy of countries to which
they are accredited. Thus the
famous Capt. Wiedemann, general
consul In San Francisco, was pub
Henderson daily dispatch., 1940-08-13
Thrifty Buyers
Await Dollar
Days Here

Thrifty shoppers will await any
iou>lv tumorruWs edition OF uit
Henderson Daily Dispatch tor the
advertisements which II VII carry %
August Dollar Days, III which leao-
inc stores OF Henderson arc cooper
uIing t. otter special bargains Sor
Thursday and Friday.
Not only will Se0SonaOlc ana staple
merchandise be offered At prices M
tended to draw buyers from the laf-
theSt edges OF Henderson trade terri
tory. but many stores Will feature
new fail merchandise in first show
ingS. The Henderson Chamber OF
Commerce. sponsors Of The event
states that every effort is being made,
comparatively and by the Individual
stores. to make the two days me-
morable ones to shoppers for all
line, of merchandise.
The Wednesday edition OF the
Henderson Daily Dispatch will Tea
ture advertising which will cnabI"
shoppers to do much of their shop
ping before leaving home, selecting
the time which they wish to buy at
the various stores and simplifying
the choice of merchandise.