davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-01-18

remedy would seem to lie both in con-
stitutional law and common equity,
Admittedly the constitutionality of an
income tax imposed by the Federal
Government is not an issue at law. In
fact 1t is generally agreed that there
should be an income tax and that so
far as elementary justice and the
common welfare are concerned, 1t is
one Of the least burdensome and most
equitable of tax-raising devices. Though
one may be in disagreement with the
premise that State governments may in
equity duplicate the taxes of the Federal
Government, nevertheless organized
protest has never succeeded in hav-
ing the highest courts repudiate or in
validate this prerogative.
But here in the District of Columbia
there is grave and reasonable doubt if
two separate governments actually exist,
whose dual functions are not fiction,
whose sovereignties are not Implications
and whose Jurisdictions per sc are not
identical. A citizen of any other juris-
diction, who pays one income tax to the
State and another to the Federal Gov-
eminent, knows that in so doing he has
discharged his reluctant or otherwise
obligations as q taxpayer to two
demonstrably separate and distinct
sovereign entities, which by constitu-
tional definition, have reciprocal sover-
eighty, In that the powers not specif-
ically delegated to the one are reserved
to the other.
The District of Columbia is admittedly
unique, in that it is the political ward
of the Federal Government and that
there exists no other symbol of sover-
eighty which assesses taxes, collects
them and in turn provides the security
and the guarantees of liberty and
justice, which only sovereignty can
provide. The enfranchised citizens of
other Jurisdictions, in paying two
separate income taxes on the same in
come to the tax gatherer, do so with
full knowledge that both sovereignties
actually exist and function, one of
necessity subordinate to the other, vet
In their respective domains, inviolate
and supreme. Here in the District of
Columbia, there is but one sovereignty,
the Federal Government. De facto,
there Is no other sovereign authority
similar to a State government, en-
powered by its electorate to raise rev.
enues for local needs and to administer
the spending Of funds so raised by
public levy. The Congress of the United
States has encouraged this view by its
persistent refusal to regard property of
the Federal Government as taxable by
the District Of Columbia in the same
sense as 1t is obliged to make its proper
and equitable contribution to the public
veal in other jurisdictions. The attitude
OF Congress toward the District Of
Columbia Is that the Federal Govern
ment, as the sole sovereign power, is
under no compulsion to pay tribute to
the subject Of its exclusive domain.
The subject supports the sovereign
not the sovereign the subject.
Therefore. II this concept tnat the
District Of Columbia is the Federal
Governments exclusive domain Is an
inference Of fact and reality, to what
second sovereign power do we pay our
second income tax, levied on the same
income?
Arc not the voteless taxpayers Of tho
Evening star., 1940-01-18
Suggestions for Greater
Traffic Safety Offered.


have watched with interest the re-
action to the why Must They Die"
series which you inauguRted year ago.
believe you did the metropolitan area
real public service. Certainly you
showed what happened in a most under
standable and accurate manner.
can vouch for the accuracy Of the
reports because In March, 1889, wit
messed one of the deaths. In this
instance, as in so many others, the vic
tim was aged, it was dark, he was cut
ting across the street near the middle
Of the block and the driver Of the auto
mobile was not violating any law 50 far
as could see.
Although have taken more interest
in accidents, their causes and preven-
ton, than most people in the metropon-
tan area Il initiated the Arlington Coun-
ty Safety Council and was the first ex-
ecutive director thereoD have no So
luton to offer to that greatest problem
the aged person who walks without re-
gard for his own safety. But there is
solution to the collision problem, espe-
cially where commercial vehicles are
involved.
In Arlington, thanks to fine program
developed by committee Of the Safety
Council headed by William X. Mac
Mahon, commercial vehicles have had q
remarkable record. During my term as
executive director Of the Arlington Coun-
ty Safety Council the record for COM
mercial vehicles was ably publicized-
every one knew that Arlington CONNER
cial drivers were safe drivers. The Dis
trict record does not equal that of Arling-
ton In this respect. Nothing, however,
Is being said Of the private car operator
IN Arlington, especially since last spring.
The individual driver must learn that
he cannot escape: police and judges must
learn that they are not above sharp
criticism. Prosecutors who are lax should
feel the lash of criticism. But there
should be an abundance Of credit for
meritorious work by any public omcial
That was my policy in Arlington. That
1t met with disfavor is easily understood.
SSASVS VAAe1V WIG 4A6tllCt 0klOUl0 0AVQ
q public safety organization not under
the control of Government onicials. but
one trying to work in close cooperation
with those officials who will cooperate.
The Commissioners Advisory Council
is good organization, 1t should have a
full-time executive and his salary should
be paid by public contribution. In that
way he will serve the public, fearless of
the ire Of such officials as he might
offend.
Washington's problem, in part at least.
can be solved. Under the present SET
up for one have little confidence that
1t will be solved, yet. with only slight
revision, the present setup would be
operative. It's too bad that plenty Of
people will die in the meantime.
ARTHUR II. SURPRISE.
Frederick, Md.
January 10. -.
Evening star., 1940-01-18

"A total Of 2.606 Russian soldiers
were recently rewarded at Moscow
for "valor in the field" # a Red
fighter is not bumped of by a Finn,
or by one Of his own officers; is not
frozen to death or captured. he
seems to stand pretty good chance
for a decoration.
Evening star., 1940-01-18

A Southern mountain woman who
lives all alone, and with nearest
neighbors miles away, is never
afraid. She trusts, she says, "in the
Lord and a shotgun" A good COM
bination; that is the philosophy Of
national security In . nutshen
Evening star., 1940-01-18
japan Graves Peace


leave Toxic since the outbreak and
solution of the recent cabinet crisis
has indicated that Premier Abe's fall
and his succession by Admiral Yonai
were associated primarily with Jap
anese- American relations. These in
turn had become critical because of
the United States denunciation of
the 1911 commercial treaty, effective
January 26, and because this coun-
try's action sprang directly from re-
sentiment of Japanese violation Of
cur rights in China.
But it now appears that the mill
tary situation on the Asiatic CONT
nent is no less a concern of the new
regime at Toxic than the prevention
of a serious breach with America
when the trade pact expires eight
days hence. No other construction
can be placed on the action just
taken by former Chinese Premier,
Wang Ching-wei, the Japanese
Army's choice to head the new pup
pet Central China government soon
to be proclaimed by the invaders at
Marking. Wang telegraphed Gen.
eralissimo Chang Kai-shek this
week, urging him to join in making
peace with Japan. This is, of course,
an indirect invitation to Chang to
surrender.
Wang's counsel is to accept the
terms offered by Japanese Premier
Konoye in December, 1888, provid-
ing for mo annexations and no in
IDENTITIES" but involving, it hardly
needed pointing out then, any more
than it is needed now, complete,
even If formally uncovenanted, Jap
anese overlordship Of China-the
new order in Asia," which is the
militarists' irreducible minimum.
Wang deserted the Chang Kai-shek
regime at the time of the Konoye
proposals, the acceptance of which
he favored. He has been Tokio's fair
haired boy ever since.
At Chungking, present seat of
China's government, the Wang ad-
'vances are interpreted in the only
light it seems possible to place upon
them-namely, that they are con-
fession, perhaps not of Japan's de-
feat in the war, but certainly of her
desperation to end it before it bleeds
and impoverishes her still further,
and of her craving for some kind Of
peace that will have at least a face
saving aspect. Wang is so thoroughly
discredited at Chungking that ap-
proaches through him are FORE
doomed to failure.
With Japan's vast and expensive
army Of occupation fairly pinioned
on it's present lines throughout
coastal, Central and Northern China,
with Japanese American relations
strained to the breaking point, with
a United States embargo on war ma
terials threatening the maintenance
OF the military campaign, and with
the home front demoralized by in
ternal political strife and economic
conditions which are steadily growing
worse, the army-ruled government of
Premier Yonai and Foreign Minister
Arita has no dearth of reasons for
seeking peace with the stubborn
Chinese. After two and a half years
of defiance of the lever victorious
war machine of the Mikado, China
reveals no inclination to abandon
the struggle.
Nor is it surprising, under all these
circumstances, that MIR. Arita now
signals new efforts to improve ia
pans relations with the Soviet Union
and Germany, which were so sadly
disarrayed when last summers Sta
in-Hitler deal played ducks and
brakes with the anti Comintern
pact.
Evening star., 1940-01-18

Members of a Nebraska Rotary
Club Clipped in dime apiece for
the marriage license of popular
fellow member. This seems to have
been in the nature of a small silver
shower for the groom, for a change.
Evening star., 1940-01-18
January IL.
Correspondent Says
Masquerade Is Over.

TO the Editor Of The Star:
Thanks to the fine work Of j. Edgar
Hoover, the so-called Christian Front"
has been unmasked. It is now up to
the New York National Guard to take
heed and put none but genuine Amer
leans on guard. Their commander in
chief, the Governor Of the State, would
do well to strip the buttons from the
uniforms of these traitors and violators
Of the oath Of allegiance.
ERNEST CHARLES RICK.
January Is.
Evening star., 1940-01-18
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address OF
the toriter, although the use OF
a pseudonyn1 for publication Is
permissible. Please be brief!
Evening star., 1940-01-18
Says Dual Sovereignty
Does Not Exist In WASHINGTON.

TO the Editor Of The Star:
Monday morning. like hundreds Of
other voteless citizens Of the District Of
Columbia, received the new individual
income tax return and, like every other
taxpayer who received 1t. ninched in
impotent protest.
voteless though We are, nevertheless
there are elements Of injustice about the
tmposttion oe this nsw tax whose
Evening star., 1940-01-18

District of Columbia paying the same
tax twice to the same tax assessors and
taxgatherers who in principle refuse to
recognize the right of any other sover.
eighty to invade their exclusive domain?
Is it not violation Of the Bill of Rights
to have public debt twice collectedp
Let him who In demagogic rage labels
my arguments sorriest sophistry, recall
to mind that, before the tribunal Of
reason, the unfranchised are political
slaves; and slaves can have but one
master-in this case, the Federal Gov.
ernment. THOMAS Z. MATTINGLY,
January II. M. D.
Extolls Acting Of
Ethel Waters.
To the Editor Of The Star:
For the week Of January az. the Ma
tional Theater will present Ethel Waters
in the dramatized edition of Du Bose
Heywood's novel. "Mamba's Daughters"
This is the vehicle In which Miss Waters,
as Hagar, gives the performance which
last season elected the praise Of both
New York critics and audiences alike.
WALTER B. WHEELER.
January =.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-06-21
Commons Argues
Defense Program

For that reason. the supply ~.
bate also was expected to be Of the
greatest Importance, pArtI,ularly
as regards airplane and tanks,
which now may be needed for home
defense.
There was speculation whether
at last nights debate the question
of eliminating Neville Chamberlain
and other "appeasers" from the
cabinet was raised by men who
think that ministerial house
cleaning is necessary to put tire
country at the peak of efficiency
and vigor.
But bloc of some $50 conserva-
tives, out of a total house MEM
bership of 6l5, strongly support
Chamberlain and 1t was reported
that Prime Minister Winston Ciinr-
chill was opposed to any move that
might show disunity.
Air ministry communicates re-
ported that for the third day yes
terday royal air force planes had
raided German detectives in France,
Holland and Germany.
Not only bomber planes, bat
fighter planes and navy planes
took part in yeste days raids.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-06-21
Bomb Outrage in
New York Probed

NEW YORK, June 2l-CUP) -
Federal state and city authorities
joined today in thorough inveSt!-
cation of the bombings of a Ger
man and a Communist office, hop
ing to discourage any wave of war
incidents in this city of almost $500
600 foreign born popuIation.
Police questioned more than 30
persons during the night without
finding 4 clue to the bOmbers. but
agents of District Attorney Thomas
E. Dewey and of the federal bureau
of investigation were making sec
ret inquiries and did not announce
the results.
The bombs exploded within a
45minute interval yesterday even
ing. One exploded at 4l0 p. IN,
on the 18th floor of u 27Story
office building, outside the office of
the Deutscher Handles und Writ
firms business cards as the in
ternational commercial agency and
protesting to be an independent
commercial firm which transmits
food packages to people in Germany.
1t is directly below the German
consulate. That blast injured nine
persons, one seriously.
The other bomb exploded on a
sidewalk step leading into build
ing housing the national headquart-
ers of the Communist party the
New York Worker Communist news
paper, and the Workers Book shop
Imperial Valley press., 1940-06-21

1t injured one woman byStander.
Neither bomb caused much dam
age but both caused considerable
smoke and panic. Only Joseph
McKillin, elevator operator in the
office building housing the Ger
man firm, remained in the hospital.
He was severely cut by glass and
possibly had broken leg.
The office of the German consul
late general, which has a constant
police guard. is on the floor above
but not direcly over the scene Of
the explosion. Spokesman for DR.
Hans H. BorcherS, the consul gen.
eral said the bomb could not have
been intended for their office and
that they had no connection with
those people downstairs, Didn't
even know them.
Only four of the nine injured in
the one explosion were employed
by the German commercial firm
whose method of business is said
to be to accept American money
for food packages to be delivered in
Germany. Orders for the food are
cabled to purchasing agencies in
Sweden and other countries, and
the food is shipped from there to
the German families named by the
PURCHASERS in America This meth
cd of getting food to Germany was
devised several months ago to e.
wade the British blockade. The
same or similar organizations func-
ton in other cities in this country.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-06-21

LONDON, June 81. (UP)-The
House of Commons, ending a secret
session on home defense, prepared
today to hold another next week
on the vital supply problem. 1t was
expected that the session would
be held Thursday and that the
entire situation as regards aircraft.
tank and general army equipment
would be debated frankly.
So secret was yesterdays session
that the only word which came
from it officially was: The ad-
journment of the House was moved
and debate took place on home
defense and other matters"
But in its implications the de-
bate was one of the most import
INT ever held in the 600-odd years
of parliamentary history.
For two nights before the debate
the German air force had bombed
a wide area of England and had
extended its raids into Wales and
a part of Scotland.
The whole country awaited a
German attempt at invasion, in
the belief that there was going to
be a merciless fight, the first on
British soil against an invader since
1866, with Britain's life at stake.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-06-21

of the candidates for the presi
dental nomination a deadlock seems
in prospect.
A no-war plank might be tempt
ing bait to Democratic isolationists
already FESTIVE under Mr.. RooSe-
velt's policy of aiding the allies.
But Republican strategists are bait
ing for the balance of power indie
pendent vote which effected the
great c. o. p victories of l920-24-
% and the greater Democratic tri-
umphs of 1926.
Republican platform trainers are
divided between a strict nOn-in-
terventionist foreign affairs plank
and declaration promising to
avoid war while aiding the allies
with material resources.
Former Senator Walter F.. Edge
of New Jersey and others urge
that the c.. @. p. must avoid be
ing jockeyed into position of
Imperial Valley press., 1940-06-21
fbU.S. BonIbers
EfowntoHalifax
For Greafbritain

mitchell FIELD, N. Y, June q.
up Fifty-five army bombing
planes, traded in by the govern.
ment and sold to Great Britain,
left today for Halifax, Nova Scotia.
1t was the largest mass flight
thus far in the plan to seri to
Britain all available planes not in
immediate use.
All the planes were Northrup A.
TIA bombers considered obsolete"
and which will be replaced as
quickly as possible.
The planes were plotted by civil
ians, some of whom are army re-
serve officers who had volunteered
to fly the ships across the Canadian
border. 1t was estimated the mass
flight would require about four
hours.
One of the pilots making h the
flight was Clyde Pangborn, uoted
TRANSATLANTIC flier. The spil0ts were
given their instructions by Mai. v.
E. fBertrandtas, vice president OF
the Douglas Aircraft Corp. Santa
Monica, Calf.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-06-21
STATE OF CALIFORNIAN
COUNTY OF IMPERIAL)
OF Ell CENTRO)

l, H. E. Cox, City Tax and License Collector of
the City of Ell Centro California, do hereby certify
all persons and property delinquent on account Of
non-payment of taxes levied by the, City Council
of said City for the current fiscal year containing
the names Of the persons and description Of the
Imperial Valley press., 1940-06-21
ituIiun Bombers
Attacking Bases

ROME, June 21-(UP) = Heavy
damage in air raids to the British
Mediterranean base of Malta and
the French north African base at
Bizerta was claimed today in Italy'5
10th war communicate. The raids
last night caused many fires, the
communique said.
Operations continued on the east
ern frontier of Libya. Italy's north
African colony, the communique
said, and while land activities were
limited to "a small tactical field
1t was claimed that Italian airplanes
had destroyed 10 allied planes and
40 British tanks.
The communique claimed that
italian planes had raided the Brit
ish air base at Mersa Matru in
Egypt and it said enemy planes
raided the Italian base at Javello
last night, causing little damage.
1t was claimed that anti-arcraft
guns shot down two British planes,
One allied plane, it was said,
rafded Imperia on the Italian Riv-
iera but only one bomb was dropped
and in open country, causing no
damage and no casualties.
Italian planes continued close re-
connaissance of all enemy naval
bases in the Mediterranean, accord
ing to the high command.
1t was apparent now that at their
conference in Munich Tuesday, Ben
Ito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler had
decided to make France negotiate
separately with them for an arm
istice. 1t was announced officially
that Frances plea to Italy for
peace had arrived yesterday through
Spanish channels, and that Italy
had sent the same reply that Ger
many did:
Fascist spokesman said Pierre La
val, one of the original. French
"appeasers, probably would come
with the armistice mission to Italv
because he is more popular here
than any other French politician
Italy will not name its armistice
Imperial Valley press., 1940-06-21
Republicans Making War
Chief Campaign Issue

PHILADELPHIA. June 81 CUP)
Republicans gathered here for
their national convention hoped to-
day to waive President Roosevelt 5
two new cabinet officers out of
the party and brand the Demo-
Gratis as the war party
A no-War Republican platform
and non-interventionist candidate
and campaign seemed likely as
party leaders oriented themselves
to the entry of two notable Repub-
licans into the Democratic cabinet.
Former Gov. ALI M. Landon, 1886
presidential candidate. presided over
the important foreign relations
platform sub committee which met
at I:30 p. m. to begin drafting
what its chairman hopes will be
a postal card plank for a postal
card platform. The convention
meets Monday and unless leaders
can get together quickly on one
Imperial Valley press., 1940-06-21

being merely an innoculous peace
party" Landon himself favors aid
to the allies. --
But Mr.. Roosevelt's nomination
of two distinguished Republicans.
Col. Frank Knox. of Chicago, and
Col. Henry L. Stimson, New York,
to his cabinet, gave isolationists
new hope. Knox and Stimson were
called "interventionists" in a show
er of statements which followed an
nouncement of their nominators.
Chairman John D. M. Hamilton
of the national committee apparent
ly meant to read Knox and StimSon
out of the party in statement
which was applauded by committee
men and women.
These gentlemen" said Hamilton,
having entered the cabinet, are
no longer qualified to speak as
Republicans or for the Republican
party"
Imperial Valley press., 1940-06-21

delegation until after France does.
it was said.
Although it was reported at Ber-
lin today that the Germans were
not discussing peace terms with
the French Immediately, but rath-
er were only stating terms for an
armiStice, Fascist spokesman here
believed that italy would enforce
her colonial demands against France
in the armistice dealings. Thus,
Italians believed they not only
would get Nice, Tunisia, Corsica
and Djibouti Immediately, but they
might also get part of Algeria,
French African possession.
These would be the fruits of a
war which Italy entered only II
days ago and which had cost her
only few air and sea casualties,
and some damage and civilian loss
eS from allied cir raids.
1t was emphasized that complete
harmony would prevail in the Ital-
ian and German armistice negotia-
tons with France, a special tele-
phone line having been set up be-
tween Rome and Berlin for that
J purpose. Mussolini and Hitler were
i said to have agreed fully at Munich
as to what each was to demand Of
the French.
! Virginia Gayda, writing in the
: Gionnale D'Talia, unleashed a bit
, ter attacks on Jews. He blamed
! them for the war and said a general
reaction against them would sweep
Europe and the Americas when the
war ended
The same newspaper warned
Italian orchestras not to play "Ang-
lo-French music" which is deS-
cribed as savage"
Imperial Valley press., 1940-06-21
FOR AttacksFoes
OF New Cabinet

HYDE PARK, N. Y, June al
CUP)-President Roosevelt charged
today that opponents of his ma
tionai solidarity" cabinet are act
ing from partisan rather than pa
triotic motives.
Mr. Roosevelt defended his nomi-
nation of Col Frank Knox and
Henry l.. Stimson as secretaries OF
navy and war as step to solidify
the United States in the face of a
grave international crisis.
He refused at a press conference
to comment on Alfred M. Landon s
assertion that nomination of the
two Republicans to his cabinet is
indicative that he has given them
assurances he Will not seek a third
term
Imperial Valley press., 1940-06-21
State in Red 50
Millions in Year

SACRAMENTO, June 81. CUP)-
The state of California went in
the red about $3O,OOO,OOO during the
first II months of the present fis-
cal year, bringing the cash defici-
ency to ST. ,2l3, 500 on May 81, Con-
troller Harry &. Riley revealed to-
day.
State expenditures totalled $780,
306,432 for the period, exceeding
by $l7048,664 the revenue for the
period, which was $l69,257,768.
Revenues increased $6908,6l7 dur
ing the period over the correspond
ing II months of the previous fis-
cal year, but expenditures increased
more rapidly, exceeding by $8941, :
494 the 1938-39 figure.