davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-07
Memher of the Associated Press.
Changes in Congress


With the results of the congress
sional elections virtually completed,
it is evident that despite President
Roosevelt's sweeping electoral vote
victory there is not going to be any
material change in party strength
in either House or Senate.
With five districts still unreported,
the Democrats have won 263 House
seats, the Republicans 1872 and
other party adherentS 5. This re-
fleets a net gain of five House seats
for the Democrats. In the Senate,
twenty-five Democrats, twelve Re-
pubicans and one Progressive were
elected. This is net gain of four
seats for the Republicans.
Likewise, there was relatively little
shift in gubernatorial strength.
Seventeen Democratic and fourteen
Republican Governors were elected,
with two contests still undecided.
Republicans ousted five Democratic
Governors and the Democrats ousted
four Republicans, a gain of one for
the G. o. P.
These returns might be interpreted
as indicating that the strong swing
to the Republicans, which resulted
in substantial gains in 1888, has lost
its momentum. Any such conclusion,
however, would be faulty unless
proper weight were given to the vote
getting capacities of the President.
Mr.. Roosevelt was not an issue in
1888. But on Tuesday, when his
personal popularity was put to the
test, he ran far ahead of many
Democratic State tickets and I'M
doubtedly swept a number of his
congressional supporters into Office
with him.
Many persons had believed and
hoped that the Republicans would
capture control of the House even
though Mr.. Roosevelt should be re-
elected. This, they felt, would be a
desirable result, as a Republican
dominated House could act as a
brake if the President should make
any unreasonable bids for power
similar to those which marked his
second administration.
This reasoning, however, fails to
take into account the urgent need
for close cooperation between the
executive and the legislative
branches of the Government in this
critical hour Of our history. In 1880,
when the first heavy blow of de-
preston had fallen on the United
States, Herbert Hoover was compelled
by the electorate to deal. with a
Democratic majority in the House,
with the result that virtually all of
his efforts to improve economic con-
ditions were blocked by partisan
opposition. In this time of even
greater national trial, few thinking
persons could wish for a repetition
of the unhappy experience of 1880.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-07

Portugal seized It, and held it until
it passed into British hands late in
the 18th century as part of the
dowry of Catherine of Braganza
when that Portuguese princess mar
ried English Charles II, the Merry
Monarch" Constant fights with the
Moors led England to abandon it
after few years.
From then on, Tangier, though in
Moorish hands, acquired sort of in
ternational status as the residence of
European diplomats accredited to the
Sultan of Morocco. 1t was likewise
the chief treaty port" where Euro
peanS legally could reside and trade
under territorial privileges ad-
ministered by their consuls. When
the United States became an indie
pendent Nation, we likewise acquired
those rights.
The virtual partition of Morocco
between France and Spain about
thirty years ago was complicated by
the problem of Tangier-a prob
lem solved by creating a special
zone consisting of the town itself
and the adjacent district along the
straits, with a total area of some
225 square miles. This district was
declared an international zone with
a special administration consisting
of Committee of Control, legisla-
tive assembly and a mixed office of
information. Representatives of
Britain, France, Italy and Spain al
ways sat on the Control Board, while
it is interesting to note that the
United States had one member in the
legislative assembly.
1t is a sad commentary on the
present state of international rela-
tionS that there is little likelihood
that SPANS high-handed action will
bring forth even formal diplomatic
protests, still less concerted action.
Germany and Italy are obviously be-
hind Spain and perhaps melted her
to what she has done. France, which
presumably would have interposed a
strenuous veto under normal circum-
stances, is helpless. AS for Britain,
greatly though SPANS annexation Of
Tangier endangers her hold on Gil
braltar, she is striving desperately to
keep Spain at least technically neu-
traI and is therefore most unlikely
to make a fuss over an issue which
might drive Spain openly onto the
axis side. Possibly our State De-
partment may make a statement,
but of this there is as yet no sign.
Therefore Spain calmly appropri-
ates a tempting morsel wherein she
long has had her eye. 1t will be good
propaganda for Dictator Franco to
rouse enthusiasm among Spaniards
as the first installment of his ambi-
tious program for imperial expan-
sion, and may cause them partially
to forget their empty StomachS. Also,
should Spain attack Gibraltar with
German aid, the straits will be that
much more in jeopardy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-07
Letters to the Editor
Discusses Promise
OF Freedom for Conquered Nations.


OF Freedom for Conquered Nations.
To the Editor of The Star:
What a grand and glorious thing it is
that we can provide help for England
in the heroic fight she is making for
her liberty and life.
Her success will mean, not only her
own independence as a free nation, but
independence and freedom for France.
Belgium, Holland, Denmark, Norway
and Poland.
In Germany, Italy and Japan there
is no freedom of speech nor Of the
press. The outlook for others under
German rule is rather dismal indeed.
An article in The Star of october "a
by Norwegian airman, who escaped
to England is very Illuminating as to
conditions in his country. He says: Il
can assure you that. with the excep-
ton of a few QuiSlingS. every Nor
wegian is living only for the day when
he can strike back at those who have
changed his comfortable, prosperous
land into bleak and barren country
where food is scarce and where one
indiscreet word may lead a man to
the dreaded fortress of Akershus. ."
There must be enough American citi-
zens who, caring for freedom, are ready
to fight to preserve it for posterity to
enjoy.
Did Hitler go to Italy for an "indefi-
mite" stay, because he wished to direct
Englands attention to the Balkans? Or
was he getting nervous about what his
people might do to him seeing what
he has brought upon them? They are
in a most advantageous position at
present to comprehend what agonies
the Belgians, Netherlanders, Norwegians
and Poles have experienced.
H. B. BRADFORD.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-07
Parallel Recalled

1t has been noted that the third
successive victory of President RooSe-
welt furnishes a parallel Of a sort for
the only other occasion when the
Democratic party won third con-
Secutive triumph at the polls.
But the story of the campaign of
1885 is not we'll known and therefore
may merit brief retelIing. Andrew
Jackson and Martin Van Buren, were
the leaders of the so-called popular
cause" in the year mentioned. The
former arranged for the nomination
of the latter, secured his election,
supervised his Inauguration, then
left him to his own devices-with re-
suits unfortunately tragic.
Only the best of intentions, how
ever, motivated the policy of Old
Hickory. He had worked with his
friend from New York from 1928 on
ward. Indeed, Van Buren, was in
certain important respects reSpon-
sible for Jackson's elevation to
power. One of his rewards was ap-
pointment as Secretary of State
When diSSenSion developed between
the followers of John c. Calhoun and
their own faction, Van Buren, gave
his chief energetic support. The two
men stood shoulder to shoulder in
the fight against the Bank of the
United States. What enSued from
these struggles probably was in
evitable. The Dictionary of Amer
lean Biography tells Of the outcome
in the words: I'm 1882 the Demo
cratic party held its first national
nominating convention for the pur-
pose of naming Van Buren, for the
vice presidency. Since the congress
sional caucus had favored Crawford
in 1924, Jackson and his following
opposed it as an undemocratic in
stitution and succeeded in killing it
The nominating convention grew ur
in its place"
1t was a second such aSsemblage
that accepted the New Yorker in
1886. Jackson admittedly USED
"forceful action" to achieve his pur-
pose. He apparently did not realize
that it was inconsistent with the
principles of democracy for Presi-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-07
Opposes Proposals
To Evacuate Americans.
To the Editor of The Star.

To the Editor of The Star.
The question which often arises in
my mind, and I believe also in the
minds of other people, is why do we,
the United States, have to send rescue
ships over to Europe to evacuate Amer
lean people who refused to come home
when they had such good opportunity
They refused when they were asked
to leave those countries. I don't see
why We should send our boats over
there now to be blown up in European
waters. Such an incident would, Of
course, be. considered good excuse to
drag US into that terrible mess existing
over there. D. D.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-07
Urges Suffrage Campaign
without Delay"

To the Editor of The STAR
I have been a citizen of the United
States for so years. but the privilege
of casting my vote in an election has
been denied me. Why? Because I was
born in the District of Columbia and
have resided here all my life.
From The Star, however, learn that
Albert Einstein, German scientist who
received his naturalization papers just
two months ago, cast his vote today in
the presidential election.
1t is unbelievable that such an occur
renee could happen in this grand couri-
try of ours. For weeks we have been
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-07

1t is estimated that last year
1880 motorists ran out of gas on
United States highways. 1t seems
to lot of us that aboG $4,000 let
this occur on roads LEI g away
from stadiums just after big football
games.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-07

instructed, through the radio and news
papers. in the Importance of voting, but
this right is denied the unfortunate resi-
dents Of the District. 1t seems to me
the time for action is at hand. and I
am hoping your paper will push the
issue without delay so that District citi-
zens may have equal rights with the
rest of the citizens of these United
States.
CMRS0 VIRGINIA E. BAILEY.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-07
Send Me Another Copy
Of the Dictionary

Recorders are a sure sign of satisfied
customers. The new ascent Dictionary
and Word Book offered to readers Of
The Evening Star resells itself. 1t is
special favorite with school children be-
cause it belongs with the other text
books they use throughout the school
term 1t has special supplements about
words that are not to be found in any
other book, such as foreign words and
phrases, words derived from persons and
places, short words, long words and off,
cial guide to compromising Printed on
Bible paper and bound in imitation
leather. To secure your copy inclDse IS
cents in coin. wrapped in this clipping,
and mail to The Star Information Bu-
reau.
Name
Street
City
State
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-07

So far this year 100000 persons
have visited the national parks of
this country. At a conservative esti-
mate this means 24,0O0,O00 single
Photographic exposures made and
nearly a hundred million picture
post cards mailed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-07

The two big snuff boxes in the
United States Senate chamber are
always kept filed, even to this day.
What the public sometimes wonders
about is, where do they keep those
popular run-out powders2
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-07
Huskin's Answers
To Questions
By Frederic J. Hdsktr.

~ 8SSst0ttS
By Frederic J. Hasktr.
A reader can get the ans,uer to any
question OF fact BY Drftino The EUe-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred
eric J. HdSkin, director, Washington,
d. c. Please tHcIose stamp for reply.
@. What animal makes the longest
leap?-T. J. 3.
A. The antelope's leap Of 10 to IL
feet in height and 30 to SO feet in length
exceeds that of any other animal.
@. What is the origin Of the kum-
quat?-H N. M.
A. The fruit has long been cult
waited in China and Japan, and was in
troduced into Europe in i546 by Robert
Fortune, collector for the London Horti-
cultural Society, and shortly after into
North America.
@. Where were pretzels first made in
this country?-H. T. P.
A. In Lititz, Pennsylvania. Back in
1910 a German vagrant visited that
little town and impaired to a baker, in
return for kindnesses, the secret Of max
ing and baking the cake that first be-
came known as the bretzel, and later
the pretzel. 1t was instantly popular,
and in the following years many bakeries
Sprang up in Lititz to tske care of the
demand.
@. Where is the Levant?-H. r. T.
A. This is a name for the Mediter-
ranean coastlands Of Asia Minor and
Syria, sometimes including the coast line
from Greece to Egypt.
@. Who was known as the Beauty
of Buttermere"?-P. J. r.
A Mary Robinson was so called. She
married John Hatfield, an inpostor and
bigamist, who was later executed for
forgery in 1903.
@. What is the National Conference
Of Christians and Jews?-W. L. B.
A. THIS organization was founded in
1928 to promote amity, understanding,
and cooperation among Catholics, jews,
and Protestants in the United States.
1t seeks to analyze, moderate, and finally
to eliminate intergroup prejudices which
disfgure and distort religious, business,
social, and political relations.
@. Does Canada have compulsory
military training?-J. H. NJ.
A A compulsory military training
program went into effect in Canada on
october l. Thirty thousand young men
a month are now being called for
one-month training period.
@. Where was the first lace manu-
featuring center in the Middle West7
A B. S.
A. The first manufacture Of lace on
a large scale in America was accom-
plisned by John A. Dowie, who founded
Zion City and the Zion Lace Industries
in Illinois in 1900. Besides importing
the machines DR.. Dowie brought from
England the entire staff Of factory to
carry on the work.
@. What is meant by 80 proof
whiskey?-G. T.
A. 1t is whiskey which is As per cent
alcohol.
@. Who was called the Father of the
Steam Navy?-P. J. H.
A. In 1888 while Matthew Calbraith
Perry was stationed at the Brooklyn
Navy Yard, the first regular steamship
for the United States Navy was built.
This won for him the, name.
@. Who was responsible for the
amendment in which bank deposits were
guaranteed?-E. B. j.
A. Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg of
Michigan introduced the amendment to
the Glass-Steagall Banking Act for the
immediate application Of Federal De-
post Insurance He had advocated the
insurance of bank deposits before the
Roosevelt administration
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-07

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address OF
the ,0riter, although the use OF
a pSeudonynl for publication is
permissible. The Star reserves
the right to edit all letters NTH
q UielU to condensation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-07
Quotes Americans Greed"
To Stimulate Patriotism.

Quotes Americans Greed"
To Stimulate Patriotism.
To the Editor Of The Star:
During these days Of stress and anxiety,
when patriotism should be stimulated.
it would help If newspapers through
out the country were to print, OCCASION
ally, 1.-The Americans Creed" which
reads as follows:
81 believe in the United States Of
America as a government of the people,
by the people, for the people; whose just
powers are derived from the consent of
the governed; democracy in republic;
a sovereign Nation of many sovereign
States; a perfect union, one and insep-
arabic; established upon those principles
of freedom, equality, justice, and human
ity, for which American patriots sacrt-
feed their lives and fortunes.
"I therefore believe it is my duty to my
country to love 1t; to support its Con-
stitution; to obey its laws; to respect
its flag; and to defend it against all
enemies"
CLARA BOYNTON HADLEY.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-07
Approves War Declaration
Against Aggressor Nations.

To the Editor Of The Star:
y In recent issue of The Star, it was
stated: The Star believes that the
United States can and should do much
more to help Britain and China main
tain their vital outposts of freedom.
Britain urgently needs more war sup
plies We should redouble our efforts
to increase the flow of planes and OF
any other material which we can spare:
China needs not only supplies, but
credit"
Allow me to endorse your sentiments
heartily, and to add that Congress ought
to declare war Immediately against Ger
many. Italy and Japan.
We are confronted with problem,
not of sentiment, but of self-protection.
Delay is dangerous. M. M. JAYNE.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-07

@. What is the origin Of the kum-
quat7--H N. M.
A. The fruit has long been cult
waited in China and Japan, and was in
troduced into Europe in ls46 by Robert
Fortune, collector for the London Horti-
cultural Society, and shortly after into
North America.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-07

@. What animal makes the longest
leap?-T. J. 3.
A. The antelope's leap of 10 to IL
feet in height and 30 to SO feet in length
exceeds that of any other animal.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-07

A reader can get the dnStper to any
question OF fact by tDrfttno The Eve-
ming Star Information Bureau. Fred
eric J. Hdsktn, director, Washington,
d. c. Please tHcIose stamp for reply.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-07

State
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-07

@. Where is the Levant?-H. r. T.
A. This is name for the Mediter-
ranean coastlands of Asia Minor and
Syria, sometimes including the coast line
from Greece to Egypt.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1940-02-02
Conference Will Discuss
Help For Young Women

Washington, D. c. (ILNS). - The
National Youth Administration has
invited more than 100 representative
women of America to an informal
conference here February and 6, to
discuss the serious problem of Amer
ica's million and half unemployed
young women.
N. Y. A. Administrator Aubrey Will
liams in the invitations announced
that Mrs Franklin d. Roosevelt would
preside at three of the sessions which
will be held in the White House. The
invitations were sent to women in the
fields of social service, business en-
ployment, government education and
the arts.
Employment opportunity, prepara-
tion for jobs, and education for fam
lily life will be some of the major SUBJ
jects to be taken up at the sessions,
Williams said.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1940-02-02

dence," and "help" but that admin
istrative amendments should also be
considered"
Four Amendments Favored
Amendments should contain four
major provisions, Green said:
l. To revise the boards powers to
determine the unit rule so "the board
cannot deny workers the right of
self determination"
2. That the circuit courts of appeal
should have powers of direct review
in representation cases upon request
by "aggrieved bona-fde labor organ
izations."
3. The Outrageous delays" in earn
ings rendering decisions, and other
board procedure, be eliminated.
A. That the three-man board be
junked, and a fve-man agency estab-
lished, with a change of personnel
so there will be complete impartiality.'
Of delays, he said, they were "de-
structive of unions," and "very fre.
quently the union passes out com.
pletely."
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1940-02-02
by Ohio Labor Meas SerUice)

Columbus, Ohio. - February, the
month of Saint Valentine, who accord
ing to tradition went about leaving
food on the doorsteps of the poor, will
see the first distribution of checks to
many elderly Americans by the U. S.
treasury.
First payment under the old-age
and survivors insurance program are
due to be mailed from the u. S. treas
ury February l, under the terms of
the Social Security Act
To be eligible for the benefits you
must be 65 (by January -, must have
worked in six different calendar quar-
ters since the end of 1886, and must
have earned $50 or more during each
of them. Persons of 65 who can't
qualify may work on until they have
gained sufficient wage credits. Any
pensioner may continue to work after
qualifying providing they don't earn
over SIS month Maximum benefits
at this time are $82.40 for a worker
with wife and one or more depend
ent children.
The benefits are limited to retired
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1940-02-02
Federal Old-Age Pension
Checks In Mails Feb. l.
Industrial Workers First
u S. Treasury to Send First Checks to Many Elderly
Americans-Benefts Limited to Retired Commercial
or Industrial Workers and Families at This Time.

commercial or industrial workers and
their families at this time 1t does
not make provision for the millions
of farm and domestic workers or for
people who own their own businesses
and often make less than many sal
aried workers.
Examinations of the first claims
filed with the Social Security Board
indicates that combined benefits of a
worker and his wife, providing she is
also over 65 years of age, will range
from SIS to $61.20.
The board also estimates, as re-
suit of this sample study, that monthly
benefits received by a single person
will range from $1,000 to $41.60
Benefits for a widow, regardless of
age, and one dependent child under
16 years of age, or 18 if in school, will
range from $500 to $62.40.
Board actuaries estimate that bene-
fits payable to a retired wage Garner
in 1910 will average about $500 and
about $500 for the combined benefit
of retired wage Garner and his aged
wife.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1940-02-02
CONGRESS URGED TO
BACK FOREST PLAN

Washington, D. C. (ILNS). A
joint congressional committee on for
estry heard the "women's angle" of
conservation from Mrs. Gustav Ket-
terer of Philadelphia, legislative chair
man of the General Federation of
Women's Clubs.
Mrs. Ketterer urged the committee
to recommend to Congress policies
that will stop unstable, shifting COM
munities, uncertain employment and
other miserable consequences of short
sighted or unplanned forest activity"
Raymond C. Smith of the Bureau
of Agricultural Economics urged gov
ernment contribution to put unem-
ployed farm labor to work on conser-
walton. Smith said there is a "terri-
bly, high" correlation between deple-
tion of soil resources and farm unem-
ployment.
"The thing to do" he said, "is to
put these unemployed farm laborers
to work where they are found, because
in those areas there is greatest need
for conservation" The joint problem,
his charts showed, is most severe in
the southeast and far northwest.
Earle H. Clapp, acting chief of the
forest service, defined Americas for
est problem as being one of "a famine
of rural employment and income"