davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-06
Lincoln Alumnae
Will Dance

Committees for the Lincoln High
School Alumni Silver Anniversary
dance TO be held in the Century
ballroom December q, were an
nounced yesterday by Mel Peder-
son. alumni association president.
Decorations will be all done in
silver with Bud SPAIN, chairman,
and Marion Fowler, Helen Sowell,
and Kenny Johnson as aides.
Sale of advance tickets will be
handled by Lola Huff, Don Will
Jams and Walter Schmeckel.
Dancing will be from $50 to
l o'clock. The orchestra committee
consists Of Olga Johnson and
Franklin Pinette, who promise sew
eral novelty numbers during inter-
mission. Other committees are
Jack Slater and Harold Johnson.
hall; and Jerry Holeb, Jack God
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-06
Crystal Shower Honors
Miss Lorraine Griffith

Miss Lorraine Griffith. bride
elect of Mr.. John r. Belcher, was
honored Tuesday evening at sur
prise crystal shower at the home
of Miss Carmen Hill. Miss Mary
Belcher was co-hostess.
The crystal gifts were arranged
under a large Christmas tree. dec
GRATED with silver wedding bells
and lights. After Miss Griffith
opened her gifts. supper was
served from a table covered with
lace cloth and centered by a
dainty white figurine and rose
colored candles.
Guests were Mrs. F. B. Worden,
the brides mother. and Mesdames
E. Hill. Verle Wright, d. Lehman
and John Rasmussen; Misses Patti
Flynn, Helen Reid, Nancy Beck
Kay Farnum. Gladys Joringdal
and Jane Ness.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-06
Christmas 10 Be
Party Theme

Friendly Friday" will again be
celebrated by members and friends
of Central Lutheran church this
week. For the December social
mixer. the program will be pre-
scented by the Ladies guild, Mrs.
o. B. Nygasrd, chairman, and the
social hour with refreshments will
be in charge Of circle 2.
Beginning at s o'clock in the
church parlors, the program will
open with community singing and
as program chairman, Mrs. P. B.
Hoff will present Miss Anna Marn
Nielsen. head of the Normal de-
partment OF Pacific Lutheran
college, as the speaker. Music
will be furnished by the Faculty
Wives quartet of Pacific Lutheran
college, including Mrs. Clifford o.
Olson. Mrs. Philip f. Hauge, Mrs
A. w. Ramstad, and Mrs. J. L
Xavier. They will sing several
selections, accompanied by Mrs
| G. J. Malmin.
Hostesses for the evening vii
be Mesdames Peter Haaland, o
c. Burud, Gertrude Olson, l. A
Wolters, Harold r. Johnson, A
L. Elmore, M. II. Royn, Pau
Guam. Willard V. Young, anC
Harold c. Keller. chairman.
Christmas will be the theme o.
this December Friendly Friday
gathering, with greens and a move
candle arrangement being used il
decorations. All members ant
friends OF Central Lutheran arr
invited TO attend
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-06

The Y. w. c. A. Opera study
course, directed by Miss Jennie
johnson. win meet Friday morn
ing at 1890 o'clock. The discus
mon each week viii center on the
opera TO be broadcast the follow
ing Saturday by the Metropolitan
Opera association. In preparation
for greater appreciation Of
Figaro" Miss johnson will give
. short synopsis Of Mozarts life.
She will tell the story Of Figaro
with vocal and instrumental Illus
trafions Of two of the arias.
The course Is open TO the public.
Single admissions or season tickets
are available at the door.
Loyal Workers Of Emma y.
SHAW Rebckah lodge will meet at
the home OF Mrs. B. J. Custavson.
1917 South s6th St. on Friday
noon for a potluck luncheon. Mrs.
H. o. Gingrich will preside.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-06

Bazaar VIII Be University
Place Event on Friday

The annual bazaar of the Mar
rows View Community club will De
held at University Place school on
Friday evening Doors viii open
at 7:45, with the program begin
ming at Sis. Mrs. z. Septon Is
president Of the club. and will be
assisted by Mrs. Fred Boehm. Mrs.
Carl Millar. Mrs. l. L Hescock,
Mrs. Roy Clark, Mrs. Leonard VI
sell. Mrs. Earl Forsythe and Mrs.
J. W. Forsythe.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-06
Bourbon Women
Will Meet FRIDAY
Mrs. Testu 70 Be Speaker
And Guest at Reception

The Women's Democratic
league Of Pierce county will
meet on Friday afternoon at
2 o'clock in the Rose and Gold
room of the Hotel Winthrop.
Mrs. Jeanette Testu of Seat
tie, Democratic National COM
mitteewoman for the state of
Washington, will be the guest
speaker.
Mrs. ]. Frank Hobbs. president,
will preside at the business meet
ing. Mrs. Calvin Stewart is in
charge Of the program arrange
ment and a half hour drill in par
liamentary law will be led by Mrs
Ann Freeman.
Hostess for the tea hour to fol.
low are Mesdsmes William Dunn
the social chairman, Thomas
Veale, Frank Warren and Waite,
Rasch.
A small reception will be giver
In honor OF Mrs. Testu.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-06
Music Will Add Charm TO Program
For Annual Affair for Club Wives
Social Event is Festive Beginning for Season OF Holiday
Events; Pourers Named by Chairman, Mrs. Hull

Several hundred Tacoma women awaiting with
interest the Christmas Of the University Union club
Friday afternoon from until O'Clock Il is Of
the first large Christmas affairs which eyes Of Tacoma
society focusing the great holiday of the year
draws
Mrs. Warren Y. Hull and her committee have been
busy this week arranging the attractive Yue decorations
for the affair.
Music for the afternoon will be provided by the Fine
Arts trio composed Of Mrs George Johnson vonst Miss
Vivian Steeman piano and Miss Charlotte Berghous cello
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-06
Mr.. and Mrs. Sweers
Entertain Son on Birthday

Gordon lie Roy Sweers marked
his 18th birthday last Friday eve
ming with a party at the home of
his parents, Mr.. and Mrs. M. II.
Sweers. Assisting Mrs. Sweers
with the evening of games and
supper was Mrs. Gordon Wallace.
Guests were Misses Doris Mae
Sousa, Marcelene Maddox. Jean
Monk. Betty Baldwin, NJ fairy
Feehan and Mrs. Harold Elrod;
Messrs. Donald johnson, Lawrence
Sousa. Roxald Smith and Ray
mond Hass
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-06

Bright-colored Christmas decor
atoms will add a festive air to the
evening of games and dancing.
The guest list includes Misses
Betty McNerthney, Bette Pickard.
Louise Pavolka, Margaret Simp-
son. Dorothy kasselman. Gertrude
van Well. Betty Claes. Betty
Grenier. Catherine Fairhurst.
Jacqueline Brown. Shirley Gillies.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-06

Shirley Johns. Betty Lou Van
Rooy, Dorothy Randolph, Marie
Marion. Margaret Gross, Eileen
Shaffer. Noreen Tween and Lois
jacques.
Messrs. Bruce Hawley. Clare
Normile, James McNerthney. Rob-
ert Glueck, Richard Grenier. John
Manley. Leonard Knecht, James
Grenier. Romano Farrell. Robert
van Well. William Moore, James
Murphy. Evan Hopkins. Leo DE
stefano. Joseph Ribar. Maurice
Hickey. Harry Finney, Wayne Lift
man. Charles Ninemices and Ed
win Carlin.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-06
Mems Club TO Serve
Smoroasbord Supper

The men Of the Bethlehem Lu-
theran church. East Harrison and
C SITS. will serve a smorgasbord
lunch in the church parlor at s
o'clock Friday evening. Dec. 6.
Rev. T. o. Svare of Trinity LII
theran church at Falkland will be
the speaker.
The committee in charge is Mr..
n. A. Stiero, chairman; Elmer An
derson. A. L. DeJardine and Z. p.
+ Fatland.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-06
Tecomans Find Interest in
Seattle Weddino Dec u

Tacoma friends Of Miss Jean
Cable and Mr.. Eugene l. Bates
are following with interest the
news of their wedding December
81 in Capitol Hill Methodist
church. At the reception which
will follow in the Rainier club,
Mrs. T II. Tottler of Tacoma,
will be among those pouring.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-06

Wives Of members OF the club
who have been asked TO pour are
Mrs. Herbert Post, Mrs. L. l.
Thompson, Mrs. Lawrence Ghillar-
ducci, Mrs. John S. Baker. Mrs
Frederick c. Brewer, Mrs. c. E.
Mcintyre, Mrs. Edwin Warren and
Mrs. Melville F. Pugh.
Members OF Mrs. Hull's commit
tee are Mrs. William Mahncke,
Mrs. William c. Deering. Mrs. 3.
f. Buckmaster. Mrs. Fred G. Mari,
Mrs. Harry Cain, Mrs. Bert Mag
nusson. Mrs. Joseph II. Gordon, j.,
wife Of the president, and Mrs.
Robert Abel.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-06
Nokomis TO Meet With
Mrs. Slater on FRIDAY

The Friday meeting of Nokomis
Study club will be held at the home
of Mrs. c. s. Slater, s02 So. Fife,
Roll will be answered with current
events. Speakers will be Mr.. Oscar
Brown of Browns Point. and Mrs.
Henry Glaze, who will speak on
Social Conditions and Industries
in Puerto Rico"
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-06
Smoressbord TO Be Given
By Women OF Moose

The Women Of the Moose will
hold their annual bazaar and
unorgasbord on Friday evening in
the Moose temple. Mrs. Helen
Rsssmuson is chairman OF the af-
fair, which will open at ! o'clock.
The committee and chairmen in
olude Mesdames Jasper Graft.
Charles Stone, tickets. Emil Mat
thies, Miss Hazel Mccormick and
Miss Bernice Peterson.
smorgasbord will be serve
from 5 until T:so. Senior regent
Mrs Alvin stenstrom. and the
junior regent Mrs. Robert Olson.
are In charge OF the dinner.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-06

Clubs

Phil Sheridan Relief corps will
meet Friday in the armory for
election of officers. Sandwich
luncheon at noon, followed by
meeting at 80, Mrs. Nick Nelson
presiding. Past presidents will
serve refreshments at the recess
hour.
ST. Mary's Court of Woman For
esters will meet at the home Of
Mrs. J. L. Kerrigsn, 3727 South
Ainsworth on Friday evening at
7:30. Refreshments will be served
after the gift exchange.
Golden Rule Hive will meet
Thursday evening at S O'Clock in
Maccsbee temple. Mrs. Martin
Koch. commander. will be IN
charge Of the business meeting
and election Of officers.
WAYS and Means club of olsm-
pic Rebekah lodge No. sol VIII
meet Friday for a potluck lunch
con at the home Of Mrs. Frank
kendziora. 4s2e South Yakima
ave. Gifts in the hamper viii ot
on display. Mrs. Ida Setter vii
preside at the business meeting.
/ American Lake South Improve
ment club will give a card part,
at the club hall. on Saturday eve
ming at O'Clock.
Tacoma Motorcycle club aux
HAIRY will meet Thursday evening
at $50 at tbs home Of Mrs. clar'
ence r. Potter on Waller road
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-06
Miss Harvey Is Honored il
Seattle on Wednesday

Miss Mary Gail Harvey and her
fiance. Mr.. Harry Lehrer, who will
be married here on December "a,
were honored at a dancing party
in the Olympic Hotel Bowl We'd
nesday evening, in Seattle.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-06
Festive and Gay Housewarming
To Be Friday Evening
Miss Donna Mae Murphy VIII Entertain Friends With
Evening OF Dancing At the Home Of Her Parents

Miss Donna Mae Murphy will entertain Friday eve
ming at the home of her parents Mr. and Mrs T. Eusace
Murphy
The OCCASION which is to be housewarming, will give
Donna Macs friends chance to inspect the home
which the Murphys recently purchased from the Carl
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-06
Dental Assistants TO Plan
Christmas Party, Dance

Miss Clara Pace will preside
over the meeting OF the Dental
Assistants in the Medical Arts
building at 7:S0. DR.. Fred Fran
els will be the speaker OF the
evening. Plans will be made for
the organizations Christmas party
and their January dance.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-06
Students Skate
Friday Evening

An evening of skating ~ the
Roller bowl is on the school cal.
endar for students Of Pacific Luz
theran college. Members OF the
Women's Athletic association an
nounce Friday as the date, with
skating from 10 TO 1890.
To assist Miss Arlee Rutilds,
president, are the following three
committees: Tickets. Miss Lenore
Jahlstrom (chairman). Miss Ar
lene Gjertson and Miss Virginia
Hendrickson; advertising. Miss Es-
Their Watney (chairman. Miss
Eunice Billdt and Miss Ruth
Bengtson; prizes, Miss Pyfer
chairman, Miss Dorothy Mills
and Miss June Jernes.
Holy Name society Of st. John
Of the Woods church will give a
party on Friday evening at 4
o'clock in Midland Community
hall. Mr.. Robert Tairant will be
chairman. Refreshments.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-06
To Sponsor Be,ssr on Friday

The ladies Of the Salvation
Army in South Tacoma will spon-
sor q bazaar and program on Fri
day evening in the post, 5000 So.
Cakes. Doors will open 10 the
public at o'clock. An educa-
tionsl movie and musical numbers
will begin at s o'clock.
Special guests will be members
Of the South Tacoma Kiwanis
club. Mrs. Andy Petersen is the
chairman.
Charity club meets Friday at the
home of Mrs. Orlando Tsndberg,
1857 So. ! ST. One O'Clock lunch
con will be followed by gift ex-
change.
Women's society Of Adams st
chapel will hold their annual ba.
zasr on Friday evening. Program
will commence at 7:3o. Their,
will be motion pictures. musics
numbers. fancy work booth and
refreshments
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-06

Chill dough. Form 2 long strips
from each half. making sides
square. Brush surface with milk.
Place a dark and white strip
together. Place other strips
on top, alternating dark and
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-06

American Lake South Improve
ment club will give a card party
at the club hall. on Saturday eve
ming at S O'Clock.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-06

TACOMA MotorcNcIe tiub AHh-
iliary will meet Thursday evening
at $50 at tbs home OF Mrs. clsr-
ence r. Potter on Waller road
Evening star., 1940-12-12
Fifth Battalion May Go
To Cuba in January

The 5th Battalion Marine Re-
serve, consisting of about 300 off,
GERS and men from Washington
and vicinity, probably will be trans
ferred from Quantico, Va, to a
Caribbean post soon after January
l, it was learned today
This would indicate there is a
possibility of furlough for the
Washington contingent to spend
at least part of the holidays at
home in the National Capital.
Unconfirmed reports here tndi-
Gated the battalion may be ordered
to sail for Cuba January 2. Officials
of the Marine Corps declined to
confirm or deny this, however.
Final decision has not yet been
reached as to when the troops
may be moved, it was emphasized.
At the Marine Barracks today,
the 5th Battalion, rapidly nearing
the completion of its assigned
training schedule, merged with the
17th Battalion from Detroit in
full day OF field exercises in the
combat area. The MONDAY meal
was served from field kitchens.
Preliminary administrative work
has been accomplished for the
Washington unit. This includes
issuance of full uniform, equipment.
replacement of worn equipment,
photographing all members Of the
group and fingerprinting.
Evening star., 1940-12-12
f. B. |. Has Sabotage
Situation in Hand.
|ndustriaIists Told
Spy Leaders Are Knowr
Tumm Declares in Talk
At N. A. M. Meeting
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK. Dec. 12.-The Ma
tions leading industrialists were
told today by Edward A. Tamm, as
sistant director of the Federal
Bureau of Investigation, that the
F. B. I. has the question of sabotage
and espionage well in hand.
Today said Mr.. Tamm, "the
F. B. 1. knows the identities of the
leaders of foreign espionage in the
United States. True, there have
been relatively few arrests and
prosecutions. Flushing the quarry
now would not make America more
secure. On the other hand. it would
render ineffective the advances that
have been made"
In his speech to the National As
sociation of Manufacturers, Mr.
Tamm warned against persecution
of the innocent, saying: Although
we are still at peace, hysteria has
run rampant. The rising ebb of
patriotism has its dangers, for it
camouf1ages patriotic racketeers.
mo single act would secure more
recruits for the fifth column than
(See SABOTAGE, Page Aid
Evening star., 1940-12-12
Stimson Expected
To Report Today
On Army Delays
May Disclose Revised
Schedule for Induction
Of National Guordsmen
By NELSON NJ. SHEPARD.

With the defense program admit
tedly begging down on vital fronts,
Secretary of War Stimson was ex-
pected to render late today a guard
ed accounting TO the public on some
of the "bottlenecks" threatening to
interfere seriously with schedules
for expanding the Army to 1.400 900
by June 30 l94l
Aside from shortages in almost
every kind of equipment. including
munitions. cannon. heavy tanks. mo-
tor vehicles, combat and training
planes. the immediate concern OF
the Army is delays of cantonment
construction to house selective
service men and National Guard
units.
It now is generally conceded by
War Department officials that there
must be drastic revision in sched-
ules for inducing selectees and
unless delays in construction of
housing facilities are overcome rap
idly.
Army Revising Schedules.
Army officials are working on re-
vised schedules for many of the
training centers where 126,000
guardsmen were originally expect
ed to be sent between January 3
and January 10, dates fixed last Oc-
tober. At the same time. delays are
expected also to be encountered in
the induction of the full quota of
1000 selectees on January 3 and
another quota of 10000 on Janu-
ary Is.
Due to the policy of maintaining
secrecy on procurement and produc-
ton, Secretary TStimson has MAIN
tanned silence in the face of many
reports from local National Guard
units that induction dates in Janu-
ary will be radically changed. Some
of the Postponements, it was be-
lieved. may be as late as March
Mr.. Stimson was scheduled to hold
press conference later in the
day, his first in several weeks. 1t
was understood he would disclose
some of the revisionS in induction
dates for various National Guard
units. including possibly the 29th
Division of which the District troops
are a part.
It's scheduled induction between
January and 19 may be changed
to a considerably later date. The
260th Anti-Aircraft Regiment, COM
posed of District men, may be ex-
pected, however, to train at Fort
Bliss, Tex. as originally scheduled,
quarters there being nearly ready.
Backwardness of the construction
program is giving Army officials
grave concern. despite efforts yes
terday to minimize the significance
of an order transferring from the
Quartermaster Corps to the Corps of
Engineers construction work at all
Army Air Corps stations This in
(See DEFENSE, Page AID
Evening star., 1940-12-12
Weygond, Denying Petoin Rift, Says Own Role
Is PurposeIy Misrepresented in y. S.

breaking week spent inspecting the
protectorate. From Ujlda, in the
northeast corner. down to Tiznit, on
the Atlantic below the Atlas Noun
tains, he has seen 1t all.
Able still, at IA, to wear down his
aides. Gen. Weygand has put in an
average of Is hours day passing
troops in review, receiving Moroccan
dignitaries with their dates and milk,
talking long and gravely with Off
GERS both of the native army and the
reserve summoned to meet him.
He has now flown back to his
headquarters in Algiers for the ex-
traordinary job, unique in French
colonial history, of a watchdog in
Marshal Petain's name against
whatever perils may menace this
rich fragment of empire. The frag-
ment lies precariously across an ex-
posed corner of earth for which ma
tions outside Europe have wrangled.
During his week in the protecto-
rate, Gen. Weygand left no doubt
in anybody's mind on the nature of
his authority as Petain's delegate
over Algeria, Tunisia and this pro-
tectorate and over the governors
general of the first two, which are
integral parts of France, and over
the resident general for France IN
(Oo0t3uUed on Pare A.6, Column y
Evening star., 1940-12-12
Federal Employment
In District Passes
10000 Mark
1922 Put on Pay Rolls
Here in October; TotoI in
IS. Reaches l,086,l7l

Federal employment here has
passed the 100000 mark, it was in
dicated today when the Civil Service
Commission. in the monthly per-
sonnel statement. showed the total
at 149,479, as of october 81.
At the rate at which various
agencies have been expanding under
the impetus of the defense program
officials were certain the November
increase boosted the figure above
10000.
There were 1922 employees added
to the local rolls in October, accord
ing to the report, and 23.610 in the
field, to bring the latter force to
6,692.
The aggregate of 1,086.171 en-
ployeS throughout the United States
had a pay roll of s166,48 SOB. which
was nearly s7,OO0,OOO over Septem-
Der. The local roll was S26 900, ,944
a gain of about 100000 for the
month.
War, Navy, Justice and the Gov
ernment Printing Office reflected the
principal growth here. while small
decreases were reported from In
terror and Post Office departments
In the field, War, Navy and the
selective service system accounted
for the growth, the force of the last
named being estimated at 21,00O.
The commission announced today
also that pay rates had been in
creased for shipwrights and which
are in demand at the Coast Guard
Depot. Curtis Bay, Md The ship
wrights receive from S7.52 to So. .48 a
day, and loftsmen S8.48 to S9.44.
Laundry assistants for the quar-
termaster laundry at Fort Myer also
are wanted. The pay is $500 an
nually.
Evening star., 1940-12-12
Roosevelt Shocked
Beyond Measure
Al Lothian's Death
Message to King George
Cites His Confidence in
Victory Of Democracy

President Roosevelt expressed his
conviction in message to King
George VI of Great Britain today
that if Lord Lothian had been able
Ito leave US last message he would
have told us that the greatest of all
efforts to retain democracy in the
world must and will succeed"
This reference to confidence in
British victory over Germany con-
cluded a message to King George,
transmitted by the President from
the U. S. S. Tuscaloosa, in which Mr.
Roosevelt declared he was shocked
beyond measure" to hear of the
sudden death of Lord Lothian.
At the same time, Secretary of
State Hull said in a message to
British Prime Minister Churchill
that the United States mourns with
Great Britain "the loss of this dis
tinguished statesman" who rem
dered outstanding service to his
nation and to humanity"
In public statement. Mr. Roose-
welt said all Americans who were
privileged to know Lord Lothian
will join with me in mourning his
untimely passing
True Interpreter of Country
Secretary Hull, in a public state
ment, described the late British
Ambassador as "a true interpreter to
us of his country at time when it
was exceptionally important that
both nations should have a knoWl-
edge and understanding of their
mutual problems and interests"
The texts of the statements by
the President and the Secretary and
their messages to King George and
Mr.. Churchill were made public at
the State Department.
The Presidents message to King
George read:
Il am shocked beyond measure
to hear of the sudden passing of
my old friend and your Ambassa-
dor, the Marques of Lothian.
Through nearly quarter of a
century we had come to understand
and trust each other. I am very
certain that if he had been allowed
by Providence to leave us a last
message he would have told us that
the greatest of all efforts to retain
democracy in the world must and
will succeed"
Secretary Hulls message to the
British Prime Minister follows:
1T is with deep sorrow that I
(See ROOSEVELT, Page Aid