davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-05-19
IS MN. Gun Adapted
By j. ). for Use
Against Tanks
Weapon Is Same BosieoIIy,
But Runge Has Been
Increased by Changes
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The United States Army for years
has been adapting it's 75-millimeter
field guns for use as an anti-tank
weapon, in the same manner that
the French Army is using it against
powerful German tanks.
Since the World War the IS, de-
signed by the French more than four
decades ago, has been the standard
light field piece of American
artillery.
More than $500 are in service or
in reserve now, 500 or more have
been adapted for use against tanks
and the administrations vast new
arms program includes funds to
make suitable alterations in 900 or so
others.
Basic Design the Same.
American artillery and ordnance
officers have repeatedly told Con-
gress the basic design of the IS has
never been improved.
The United States, however, has
streamlined the ammunition, in
creased the range, improved the
sight, attached motor wheels so the
gun can be towed at high speed by
motor trucks, and, has made other
changes to add fexibility. But the
barrel and recoil mechanism are the
same as first developed in France
before the turn of the century.
The rs is rated an extremely ac-
curate, fast-firing weapon. It's orig
inal effective range of about 5000
yards has been heightened by the
American changes to 10000. Shells
are loaded by hand. and the gun
can be fired as fast as one sho;
every three seconds, although over
long periods the normal rate is two
shots minute to prevent over
heating.
Switched to IS In A. E. F.
Until the World War, the United
States Army used a three-inch gun,
but switched to the French IS be-
cause it could be procured quickly
for the American Expeditionary
Force. The difference in caliber is
slight.
The changes to permit using the
gun effectively against tanks in
volve chiefly altering the traverse
so that the aim can be changed
quickly without shifting the entire
carriage. In this manner repeated
shots can be fired against fast
moving tanks or other vehicles.
Artillery officials said they did not
know whether France had made
changes other than altering the
gun from a horse-drawn to a mo-
tor-drawn weapon.
For use against tanks with armor
up to inches thick, the United
States Army recently has standard
lied a 37-millimeter gun which
weighs only 900 pounds and may
readily be shifted around bat
tlef1eld by manpoWer.
Evening star., 1940-05-19

of the bulldog breed" as persona
fled by the chunky Prime Minister
Britain, confident that in Mr.
Churchill the nation has the match
in brains and tactical cunning OF
Adolf Hitler, has seen action stepped
up all along the home front with
new enthusiasm in Churchill's s
first week of leadership.
He swiftly completed his govern
ment, flew to Paris for war con-
ference on strategy to stem the Ger
man onslaught and took time to
lunch with the Japanese Ambassador
as part of the empires effort to
court Japan's friendship.
Attacks Fifth Column Dangers.
The government has struck swiftly
at fifth column" dangers-police
have been armed for the first time
and 5000 enemy aliens have been
interned-the nation has been pre-
pared for further ration restrictions:
wider dispersal of children in the
event of air raids has been ordered
and 250,0OO volunteers have en-
listed as a home guard against para
chutists.
This corps was given the status
of soldiers today by an order in
council.
Members will serve without pay
and without prejudice to their La
bility for CONSUMPTION in the fighting
forces but will be granted regular
army compensation if they should
suffer permanent injury on active
service.
Scotland Yard detectives broke up
Fascist and Communist meetings In
London during the night in q drive
to end anti-war propaganda. Sew
eral arrests were made.
The government also was reported
reliably to be seeking a new and
more friendly approach" to the i'm
provement Of relations with Soviet
Russia.
Evening star., 1940-05-19
London
Continued From First Page.)

"there was no question of a break
through or of troops retiring in con-
fusion" The morale of the troops
Is high, he said, and they were in
dignant at the Withdrawals, for
which they saw no apparent reason.
Minister of Labor Ernest Bevin in
q special broadcast tonight to Allied
forces at the front urged them:
Hold on until victory is in sight"
and promised men and material" )"
German Bases Harried.
While Germany's ponderous tanks
were approaching the time when
lack of fuel is expected to halt
them, at least temporarily, British
flyers harried German bases and
communications lines and battled
Nazi air fleets over the front.
The Air Ministry announced over
night aerial bombardments ranging
from Bergen, Norway, to France and
Belgium ION very heavy scale
and said no British planes were lost.
At Bergen, Bremen and Hamburg,
1t said, British flyers attacked Ger
man oil storage tanks, destroying
some and heavily damaging others.
1t also told proudly of disaster
that British Hurricanes and Spit
fires wrought on Junkers dive
bombers leading the Nazis' mech
anized drive toward the heart of
France.
Nine British Hurricane fighters
were said to have emerged un-
scatched from an air battle over
France in which they shot down
10 German Junkers "87" bombers
and dispersed 10 others.
Three other Hurricanes over Bel
GUM attacked more than 20 Nazi
dive -bombers and downed one, a
communique said, while a British
Spitflre brought down a Junker
1885," Germany's newest-type twin
engine bomber, fleeing in a 400
mile-and-hour power dive over the
Netherlands coast.
Britain Looks to Churchill.
In the dark and bitter days thai
seemed ahead, Britons looked or
Prime Minister Churchill as the
nations man of destiny.
Spokesman by radio and news
paper warned the public that re.
verses might come and urged
Britons to maintain the tradition
Evening star., 1940-05-19
Nazis Take Newsmen
On Prison Camp Tour
Near Western Front
Dutch Found Most DociIe
Of 5000 Mixed Coptives
At Concentration Center
By PRESTON GROVER,

Associated Press War Correspondent.
ON THE GERMAN-NETHER-
LANDS BORDER. May 18.-What
could be seen OF the Netherlands
from the German border today
showed no sign of war, but short
distance behind was grim evidence
"a prison camp wheer more than
5000 Dutch, Belgians and Polish and
one lone English prisoner were held
behind barbed wire.
This correspondent was taken to
the prison camp at Bocholt, in the
western front military zone, by Ger
man officials who sought to demon
strate that prisoners of war are be-
ing treated humanely according to
the code Of war.
German military planes hummed
constantly overhead during the day
but no allied aircraft came into
view.
Face Grim Months Ahead.
Obviously the prisoners were we'll
fed but they were far from jubilant,
Many Of them. captured during the
first day Of fighting on the western
front, face grim months or possibly
years behind the forbidding barbed
wire barriers.
Groups Of prisoners were brought
Tor questioning but were forbidden
to mention military matters or even
hint whether they had seen Adolf
Hltler's secret weapon" in action.
The lone Briton was Pilot Officer
Patrick Greenhouse, 21. He said he
was shot down last Monday by a
hight OF Messerschmitts which at
tackled a squadron of British planes
over the Netherlands. He suffered
only a slight cut.
Come to New York when the war
Is over" an American correspondent
said in parting.
We hope New York will be COM
ing to u.s." Greenhouse replied.
Taken to Interior.
The Bocholt camp Is an inter-
mediate concentration center to
which prisoners are brought from
barbed wire Enclosures just to the
rear OF the front lines. After pre-
hminary registration, they are taken
to interior centers.
Conditions in the camp are no
boy Scouts dream, although not
excessively uncomfortable consider
ing this is war. The camp has two
hospitals. Most of the men are
quartered in large tents where they
sleep on the straw-covered ground.
with an apparently plentiful supply
of blankets.
The Dutch appeared the most
docile of the lot, the Belgians and
French the most high spirited.
Why did you fight?" a Belgian
artillery observer named Emile de
Vriese was asked.
TO protect our neutrality" he
answered unhesitatingly, facing the
ring of foreign and German re-
porters.
I'VE would have fought either
against the French or the Germans,
whichever attacked" he added.
Thought Germans Were Dutch.
He was captured at Maseyck when
his group thought approaching Ger
mans were Dutch.
All prisoners were in uniform ex-
cept one, who claimed he was
Dutch newspaperman. He asserted
he was not supposed to be i'm
prisoned.
Officers said the prisoners get
meat rations daily. along with mar
malade. potatoes. bread, butter, er-
satz coffee and sugar.
The Poles have been there seven
months, mostly working on farms.
One said they were paid 13 marks
tabout $500 a month in addition
to being fed.
OF the prisoners. 1900 are Dutch,
100 French, 800 Belgian and 200
Poles.
Evening star., 1940-05-19
Windsor Castle Visitors
Must Garry Gas Masks

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, May 18.-An official or
der issued tonight from Windsor
Castle, royal residence, prohibited
entrance there to any one not carry
ing gas mask.
Evening star., 1940-05-19
900 900, but not many millions on
the items not now taxed.
War Taxes Mirht Come Rack.

war 11XcS MlSnt COmc BACK.
The World War brought some spe-
cial taxes in this country that could
be revived. These included taxes on
soft drinks, transportation, insur-
ance and many luxuries such as silk
shirts and pianos. The liquor tax,
now $225 a gallon, also was boosted
to $640. More recently, this country
had abandoned special taxes on
checks, soap, sporting goods and
chewing gum. None of these levies,
by itself, would raise a great deal.
The check tax, for instance, brought
in SAL ,000,000
During the war the United States
also imposed stiff excess profits and
war profits taxes, ranging from 80
to IS or more per cent. These taxes
raised billions in the later war years.
because of war stimulated profits.
but might not be so productive at
current profit levels.
Evening star., 1940-05-19
War Office Watch Doc

Darcy, top-hatted, 65-year-old
chief hall porter at the War Once
in London should have retired at
his age, but has been retained be-
cause he knows the face of every
regular" who enters the building.
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1940-05-30
BELGIUM SURRENDERS.
TO GERMANY TUESDAY

Continued from Page One)
ten to control.
Adolf Hitler was described as
profoundly stirred" by Leopold's
course, and it appeared likely
that, with a complete German
victory, the king would be per-
mitted somehow to continue func-
tioning as such.
In any case, it was evident from
the German viewpoint that Bel
GUM was bound to be taken out
of the war in the next few days,
regardless of whether she al
lowed her army to quit or to
fight on to humiliation.
Leopold{ was assigned a Bel
gian, castle, by the Nazis until it
could be decided what to do with
him and his country.
The Belgian senate and chann-
Der approved the action of the
Belgian cabinet which earlier
Tuesday disowned King Leopold
and decided to continue to fight
on the side of the allies.
Officers of the two houses de-
clared their solidarity with the
government and their will to con-
tinue the fight until victory.
Surrender by Leopold III as
commander-in-chi of the Bel
gian armies did not mean, Chur-
chill said, an end of Belgian re-
sistance. He said nothing, how
ever, about the military effect OF
capitulation of perhaps 100000
Belgians who have been holding
the northern end of the line
blocking the German path to the
channel ports of Zeebrugge and
Ostend and thanking the British,
who are in the middle.
Neutral observers in London
sought clues as to how the Bri-
fish expeditionary force might
fight its way out OF. the Flanders
trap-or, indeed, attempt to hold
their lines against the spearhead
thrusts intended to split them
within the German encirclement.
Captured French airmen hence
forth will be clamped in chains
Immediately, Field Marshal Her
mann Wilhelm Goering announ-
ced in Berlin Tuesday night, in
retaliation for similar treatment
reported by a Northumberland
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1940-05-30

panies to keep up with deliver
ies," he. stated. ''The local lime
company has been swamped with
orders at different times and this
caused some delay in making de-
liveries."
To date, he announced, the
farmers of Ashe county have or
dered $4,000 worth of lime and
phosphate under the 1910 pro-
gram.
''By taking full advantage of
this grant-of-aid program the
general program and seedlings,
the farmers of Ashe county could
earn $4,000, from the AAA this
year." he said.
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1940-05-30
Suggestions For Improving
Soil Program Are Requested
FUNDS ARE AVAILABLE
IN REA HOMES NOW

Continued from Page One)
for members of the Caldwell Mu-
tual.
Mr.. Messick asked that any one
needing to take advantage Of
these funds, make application
either to their local office or to
the office in Lenoir, at once. "In
this case, it will be first come
first served" Mr.. Messick said.
The funds will be available for
any of the farm homes in the
four counties whose owners are
members.
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1940-05-30
ments," he explained.

ments," he explained.
''Here in Ashe county trees are
needed just as badly as lime and
phosphate to improve our soil.
Trees not only represent a COM
mercial value within themselves,
but they are also extremely val
liable in enriching the soil Nv
holding it on the hillsides and by
holding MOISTURE" he said.
Another suggestion made was
that arrangements be made to
start deliveries of lime and phos-
plate just as soon as the pro-
gram opens on November l, in
stead of waiting until around the
first of the year. "This would en-
able the lime and phosphate COM
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1940-05-30
BROUGHTON PILES BIG
VOTE IN 1ST PRIMARY

Continued from Page One)
in the eighth congressional dis
trict, where Representative w. o.
Burgin had a comfortable lead
but lacked by several thousand
votes a majority over c. B. Deane.
Burgin was seated after a pro-
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1940-05-30
of the nazi air force.

of the nazi air force.
A radio report said he specified
also that ''every time the murder
of a German flier is reported
five captured French filters will
be shot and that for every report
of firing on a nazi parachuting
from a damaged plane so enemy
prisoners will be shot.
His order exempted the British
because so far they have mot
given cause for such retaliatory
measures.
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1940-05-30

A wheat loan program with
average loan values to producers
at about 81 cents a bushel has
been announced by the U. S. De-
partment of Agriculture.
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1940-05-30

longed controversy between him
and Deane two years ago. There
were five candidates in the race
this year.
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1940-05-30

''Under the present program,
each farmer can earn maxi
mum of $50 by setting out trees
or seedlings, but they have to
buy the seedlings, set them out
and then next year get their pay
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1940-05-30
Price Recommends That Seed
lings Be Made Part of The
Grant-Of-Aid Program.

The state agricultural commit
tee has requested all farmers in
terested in the soil conservation
program to make suggestions re-
lative to possible changes that
they would like to see made in
the 1941 program, Gwyn Price
announced yesterday.
IF you have a suggestion,
please give it to your local COM
mitteeman or send it in direct be-
fore June TO-" Mr.. Price urged.
At a meeting of the county COM
mittee this week, Mr.. Price sug-
gested that special program be
set up in 1871 to fit the particular
needs of mountain farmers.
Among other things included in
his suggestions was that instead
of making payments at the end
of the year for planting seedlings,
that this be included in the grant
of-aid program, along with lime
and phosphate -.
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1940-05-30

THE railroads play tremendous role in the de-
velopment Of our country. They serve every one
Of our fortYeiqht states. They bring our people
more closely together and knit them into eohe-
such AZ water. air. bus and truck have their place
In the economic life Of America. but the railroad
sHu predouninates. These may supplement the
railroad. but hey can never replace II. FEatn
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-04-01
WEEKS RECESS IN
 MUSICAL COURSES
Learning to L i s { e n" Classes to RecOnvene
 Next Monday Evening

The collaborators of the popular 'Learning-to-Listen" music course, Walden Trimble and Miss Paulette Wolozin, have cancelled this weeks 'Learning-to-Listen" concerts, due to the fact that MT. Trimble has contracted pneumonia. Miss Wolo- gin has completed the 18 month period of WPA employment and because of concert commitments, will be present this week However, musical activities will be resumed April 9th at 7:15 in the Bronson Library music-room.
 The directors of the course have expressed the opinion that both the Learning -to-Listen" audiences and the Pops" concert audience have shown their appreciation of the music presented each week, through their excellent attendance and en- thusiaSm. They have manifested their appreciation of the effort, thought and planning of the pro- grams, as well, and in some in- stances, member of the class have brought outstanding recordings to be played for the enjoyment of the other members o the class.
 The 'Learning-to-Listen" series has served the audience on the highest plane and is a step forward ill the musical history of this city The course has given the layman who is interested in knowing some thing about the symphonic music he hears over the air and in the concert hall, an opportunity to get together each week over a period of almost year, with people who nave a common love of this art.
 The music presented at the con- certs is reproduced electrically on Capehart concert grand, phono- gaph and to further enhance the atmosphere, lighting effects are synchronized to the tonal color ot music.
 Both series are offered to the public without charge, under the auspices of the Bronson Library and the WPA Adult Education Pro- gram of Waterbury.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-04-01
Marriage Intentions

The following marriage inten- tiOns have been filed at the office of Town Clerk Mary c. Kilmartin:
 Ernest DeLuca, ID Winchester street, and Matilda Trenka, 136 Orange street.
 Michael Valletta, 19 Galivan street, and Louise s. SOrbO, 16 Brennan Place.
 John Spino, S8 Sperry street, and Lucy DePasquale, 932 Bald win street.
 Donald F. Connolly, Willimantic, and NOreen B. Burke, Il Albion street.
 Charles TrohanOski, AZ Robinson street, and Joyce OrlOwski, 42O South Main street.
 Peter CovielIO, 188 Hope street, and Constance M. FuscO, 118 Orange street.
 Ralph E. Porto, 131 Baldwin street, and Lena Pascucci, 92 High street.
 DOnat Bedard, 480 South Main street, and Arlene Baribault. 553 South Main street.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-04-01

But telling anybody and every body the troubles does not help a bit. For one thing, people will likely be bored stiff by the recital For another thing, they will like ly agree with the troubled person. saying, Sure, ain't it terrible" anc not help in getting the viewpoint strengthened out
 Talking the troubles over thor oughly with some well-educated person lawyer, minister, physs- clan, executive - is a beneficial thing to do.
 Talk all of the troubles ove: however. Don't hold back few the ones We are inclined to hold back and keep to ourselves are usually the very ones which should be aired the best.
 Don't broadcast the troubles to the world, but take them up bit D. bit, and completely, with some older person in whom you have confidence.
 One of the great values ot hav- ing real friends who are older IS that they are pillar of strength when our troubles become bother some. They. in turn, esteem your friendship all the greater for the f1attering confidence in them. Copyright 1940, NEA Service, Incl
 NEXT: Are Women More
 Honest Than Men?
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-04-01
ARTICLE VII. Conventions

1. The city, town and school con- ventions and the local State, Con- gressional, Probate and Shrievalty Conventions shall be held at such places and hours within the City of Waterbury as may be designated by the Executive Committee. The Senatorial convention shall be call ed in accordance with the Rules of the Democratic Party of the State of Connecticut.
 2. The secretary of the Town Committee shall send notice of the time and place of each convention to each delegate and Alternate-at- Large elected to said convention by depositing said notice in the Post Office addressed to each delegate and Alternate-at-Large at least two days before the convention is to be held.
 3. The chairman of the Demo- cratic Town Committee shall call each convention to order, and shall lmmediatel call the roll of the duly accredited delegates. In case the election or qualifications of any delegate or Alternate-at-Large is contested, each convention shall be the judge of its own member ship.
 4. No person other than regu- larly elected delegates and Alter nates-at-Large, the chairman and the secretary of the Democratic Town Committee, and one duly ac- credited reporter from each paper published in the City of Waterbury shall be admitted to the floor of the conventions.
 5. The first business to be trans acted after the election of chair man and secretary of the con- vention shall be the appointment of committee on credentials, to consist of me member from each ward. Each ward delegation shall name its own member of the com mittee on credentials.
 6. All persons whose right to a seat ill the convention is in question shall have no voice in the organiza- tion of the convention, until the right to sit shall have been given them by majority vote of the con- vention.
 !. The delegates to the City Con- vention shall nominate candidates for the following offices: Mayor, City Clerk, Tax Collector, Comp troller, Treasurer, Members of the Board of Tax Review, City Sheriff, Agent of the Bronson Library Fund, Aldermen and all other elective City officia not specifically pro- vided for in these Rules.
 8. The delegates to the Town convention shall name candidates for the following offices:
 In even numbered years, repre- Isentatives and justices of the peace.
 In odd numbered years, Town !VClerk, Selectmen, Constables, Reg hstrar of Voters and all other cleo tive town officials not specifically provided for in these Rules. In odd