davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-06-16
Domestic Front

Probably no college graduating class
ever was ushered out of its academic life
on more eagerly awaited and interna-
tionaLy significant words than was the
class of 1910 at University of Virginia.
For within hours of Italys decision to
go to war and almost simultaneously
with Paul Reynauds 5
"Doeger 'plea for every aid
Hos Struck" short of an expedi-
tionary force, Presi-
dent Roosevelt was telling Virginia grad
uates-and all the World-that the hand
that held the dagger has struck it into
the back of its neighbor we will
pursue two obvious and simultaneous
courses: We will extend to the oppo-
nents of force the material resources
of this Nation and, at the same time,
we will harness and speed up the use Of
those resources in order that We our
selves in the Americas may have equip
ment and training equal to the task of
any emergency and every defense"
1mplementing this promise of materia!
resources, Government speeded trade
in" Of planes and military equipment to
newly-formed subsidiary of United States
Steel Corp, for quick transfer to Allied
governments. On Capitol Hill, legislators
hurried measure clearing way for this
means of getting American materlel into
hands of Allied belligerents.
Despite earlier White House announce
ment that Charlottesville speech was
9nSupr m Frot1oo y,1a
dent cabled Reynaud pledge of "ever-in-
creasing' aid, but without implication of
military commitments -p promising that
conquest of France by force will not be
recognized.
For our own defense. Congress rushed
work on program now totaling s5O21.-
620,000-sent parts of it to White House
for equally prompt approval of Chies
Executive.
And less than an hour after signing
of sl,400, 900 900 naval appropriation bill,
work was ordered begun on % new war
vessels, among them two 45.000-ton bat
tleships. Appropriately, on Thursday U.
S. S. North Carolina, 35,O00-ton battle
ship, sister to U. S. S. Washington,
launched on June 1, slipped down ways
Of Brooklyn Navy Yard. Both should be
in commission in about one year.
To pay bills for our preparedness,
House passed billion dollar tax measure
on Tuesday. On Senate
Toxes side, brief hearings were
Hiked completed on Friday with
changes calculated to in
crease revenue made in legislation:
quick passage is expected early in COM
ing week.
Added to work relief bill, at presi-
dental request, was s5O0O00OO item for
American Red Cross refugee relief work
abroad.
Evening star., 1940-06-16
Behind the Lines

Aside from French efforts to induce
America to play greater part in this
World War, principal action on diplo-
matte front has centered around Italys
entrance and future course of Balkan
Mediterranean nations.
Facing Italy across Adriatic, Yugo-
slavia worried publicly about danger of
Fascist aggression in Balkans. Well
known is Mussolini's long g-standing de-
sire for coastal strip originally sought
in 1918.
"If Yugoslavia's frontiers are violated,
Evening star., 1940-06-16
U. S. IS ALLIES LAST HOPE-LLOYD GEORGE
Veteran Statesman Sees Liberty Quickly

LONDON-There have been events
that will make last week memorable in
the history of democracy. The first is
the superb fight for freedom put up by
the French people against great odds
Second is the dastardly stab in the back
by the Italian government of their gall
liant neighbors whilst they are engaged
in desperate struggle on their own soil
against foreign invader. Third is the
declaration Of the President of the United
Evening star., 1940-06-16

With all her f1rst-string liners safe at
home or in neutral ports, Italy made
immediate sacrifice of more
ltolion than $4,000 tons of shipping
Losses in first "a hours of participa-
ton in war. Caught or en-
dangered by Allied war vessels, some of
Italian ships were scuttled by own crews
Through Friday London claimed 100000
tons lost by Italy.
Apparently counting on German vic
tory and share in eventual spoils, Fas-
cist Italy brought into today's war an
estimated six to eight thousand fighting
planes, navy strong in submarines and
speedy torpedo motor boats, and an army
which has failed to distinguish itself in
any war
In fact, British-French authorities of
19l4-19l8 counted italian cooperation in
those years as much a liability as an
asset-Romes legions requiring REIN
forcement from Britain and France to
halt 1917 italian rout at Caporetto and
to bolster later counterdrive into Austria
1t was out of this circumstance that
Allied Statesmen" drew their inspiration
to short-change Italy when geography
of Europe and Africa was being re-
drawn at Versailles-treatment which
Mussolini has brooded over publicly in
years since.
Evening star., 1940-06-16

10000 had been isolated and captured
almost intact near ST. Valery- Caux
on Channel coast.
For their part, Allied commands Of
fered no estimates of number of dead,
but repeatedly French
Enormous announcements en-
Casualties phasized terrific toll OF
German lives in ex-
change for soil of France. Quite prob
ably it will not be until postwar recapitu-
lations that world will know real price
paid by both belligerents-perhaps high
est ever offered to gods of war.
Almost daily during this fore part of
week, Nazi bombers roared over LIE
Havre, great French Channel port,
harassing efforts of British to land men
and materiel for aid to their Allies.
On Thursday came momentarily en-
couragng reports that Weygands battle
exhausted poilus actually had thrown
Germans back 5 miles to north of Paris,
but more significant was announcement
that capital was being declared open
city, that French forces would offer no
Thus did Frenchmen hope to spare
their capital devastation of total war
Drafted to notify Germans of this in
tention was American Ambassador Will
liam C. Bullitt. Ironically fighting at
Chantilly, few miles north of Paris,
swirled over and around gardens of es-
tate leased by Mr.. Bullitt.
D,,%
climax of their spectacular successes to
date.
Unopposed, Nazi columns rolled into
Paris and scarcely slowing down swept
through city to continue deep
Fall of penetrations southwark Mop
Porjs ping up along Seine front, in
vaders took over LIE Havre-
leaving Cherbourg, Brest and Bordeaux
only major Atlantic ports of entry if
British aid is to continue.
Alarmed French government again
packed itself off-this time moving from
Tours to Bordeaux-afte announcing
that new defense line would be estab-
lished along Loire River, 65 miles south
of Paris, 'if the fight goes on
Plainly implied question of whether
France would fight much longer appears
not only in this government pronounce
ment, but likewise in two direct appeals
of Paul Reynaud for speedier and more
extensive American aid.
On Monday, scarcely hours after Italy
had declared herself at war with French,
Reynaud besought Roosevelt in message
transmitted by Bullitt "to declare pub
licly that the United States accords to
the Allies their moral and material sup
port in all means save the dispatch of
an expeditionary force
On that day. however Reynaud
pledged it to be Frances intention to in
tensify rather than abandon the struggle
even if it meant directing the fight
from North Africa or from French pos
sessions in the Americas.
But on Friday Reynaud addressed more
pressing appeal-one that Americans
should declare themselves
Reynoud's against Nazi Germany"
Appeal TT is necessary" he plead
ed, that clouds of war
planes from across the Atlantic come to
crush the evil force which dominates
Europe
Significantly stories written later that
day from French government sources
each contained qualifying phrases rela-
tive to possibilities of French withdrawal
from war.
And appalling as was loss of Paris de-
velopments of Friday brought into sharp
focus danger of even more spectacular
and disastrous debacle for French arms
Evening star., 1940-06-16

For driving southwark from Montmedy,
German armies threatening to cut ,000,-
900 poilus and great system of fortifica-
'tions off from rest of country-trapped
between Siegfried Line and victorious
forces in France. Even Verdun fell.
Appalling too, in any consideration of
French ability to maintain resistance,
was fact that
Greet Britoin greater part of ma
Goes "AII Out" tion's industrial
productivity has
now passed into enemy hands, and fact
that British decision to go "all out in
aid to French may be nullified by threat
or actual invasion of British Isles by
German forces now conveniently close
in Low Countries, in Norway and along
French Channel coast.
Meanwhile, in Mediterranean theater,
only preliminary gestures have yet oc-
CURED.
With points of Italian attack not yet
fully disclosed, initial action has been
mostly exchange of aerial assaults. Dam
gerously close to toe of Fascist boot is
British naval base of Malta; at least
dozen times in half that number of days
black Italian planes have swooped over
island to drop bombs. And long coveting
Frances East African port of Jibuti,
Italian flyers from Ethiopia made early
appearances over city and over British
controlled Alden across Red Sea. Also
attacked by air was French naval base
at Toulon.
Despite early reports that Fascist COL
umns were driving into France along
Riviera, there had been no authentic
word of Italian land action through Fri
Gay night.
British-French, sources claimed, how
ever, that their flyers had inflicted cas-
ualties and damage at industrial cities
of Milan and Turin; that Fascist troops
had been beaten back in skirmish on
Libyan-Egyptian frontier. British flying
units likewise claimed important damage
to Italian airfields in Libya, Somaliland
and Ethiopia.
Evening star., 1940-06-16

Russian intervention is expected on our
behalf" Belgrade spokesman said. dem
onstrating tenuousness of structure of
peace.
Major problem children" are Spain
and Turkey-with Russia standing as
greatest mystery of all in background.
Wholly indebted to German-I italian in
tervention for victory in Spains civil
war, Franco government has
Spain been quiet, but is believed in
Moves non belligerent pro axis
category. On Friday, two
Spanish units took over international
zone of Tangier, facing great British
fortress of Gibraltar across narrow
straits-but explanation was given that
action was approved by French and for
purpose of guaranteeing neutrality" of
this strategically located city.
Turkey, bound to Allies in event of
Mediterranean aggression indicated
early in week that she stood ready to
fulfill obligations if called upon. Amid
numerous manifestations of condemna-
ton for Italian decision Ankara gov
Evening star., 1940-06-16
Review of Forty-FHst Week of War
By John &. Henry.

Italy entered
clnacic effort of oatarian
bances democratic life
Paris
by its Tuesday defenders
And
ernment moved again-from Tours Bordeaux
Desperately Britain rushed
to aid French
Grmy Washington speeded Americas defenses Italian
Evening star., 1940-06-16

Probably no college graduating class
ever was ushered out of its academic life
on more eagerly awaited and interna-
tionally significant words than was the
class of 1910 at University of Virginia.
For within hours of Italys decision to
go to war and almost simultaneously
Imperial Valley press., 1940-04-16
Prominent Mexican
Officials Honored
At Border Banquet

New developments south of the
border were indicated Monday
night at dinner meeting in Calex-
co at the De ANA hotel at which
Ben Hulse of Ell Centre was host
to a number of prominent Mexican
visitors and Imperial Valley bus
nesSmen.
Luis G.. EegOrreta, uirector-gen
eral of the Banco National de Mex
ico was honored with his party that
is touring Baja California in the in
terest of further development, on
the lines of that carried forward
in Imperial Valley.
The party included Jorge Del
Moral of Sonora, Mexico, manager
Of the Banco del Pacifico; Eugenlo
Elo"duy, mining engineer and fin
ancier and his assistant, l.. C. Nor
emo; R. Martinez Montero of the
Banco del Pacifico in Mexicali
Adolpho Aribe Alba of the Com. Ma
cional de irrigation: Ernesto Mar
tinez de Alva of Mexico City; Miguel
Basurto of Nogales, general mana
gcr of the Banco de Pacifico; Miguel
Dios Dado, auditor of the Banco de
Pacifico at Nogales.
From Imperial Valley were Ben
Hulse. C. H. H. Small, Noble Greer,
Paul jenkins, P. N. Van Slyck, Wal
ter HavekorSt and H. Gallagher.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-04-16
Germans in Three
Miles Of Sweden
On Morse Frontier

STOCKHOLM, April Is. CUP) :
Dispatches from the Swedish from
tier tonight reported that German
reinforcements were driving toward
the Swedish frontier from the
Trondheim and Oslo zones in a
hurried effort to strengthen their
positions in Norway before allied
expcditionaly forces can be con-
solidated in the north.
Norwegian troops were said to be
opposing the Nazi forces in scatter
ed fighting in the hills northeast of
Oslo but there was little indication
of opposition further north.
A dispatch from the frontier said
that German troops, striking east
ward from Trondheim in consider
able force. had reached Skurdalsvol-
den. three miles from the Swedish
border.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-04-16
Few Changes Made
In Other Cities
After Elections
Absentee Votes Change
HOltville Results;
Commissioners Named

Municipal governments in
six Imperial county cities
faced the future Tuesday
with few upsets to disturb
official families.
Absentee ballots counted Mon
day night made difference in one
office in one city, Holtville. Curtis
King beat John De Paoli for coun-
Gilman by only one vote as a result
of the absentee ballot count.
Holtville councilmen sworn in
were C. L. Shaw and John Kavan-
augh, reelected, and King. c. P.
Denny and Dr. H. B. Graeser are
holdovers. Reorganization and ap-
pointments will take place April
"a.
C. c. Rambo was made mayor OF
CalexicO and commissioner OF
streets. sewers and parks. DR.. T. E.
Bartholomew became health COM
missioner; Earl Roberts fire and
police commissioner. Fern l.. Young
water commissioner; and j. j. Bax-
ter finance commissioner Police
Chief Guy Echols, Fire Chief J. B.
Brazie, City Attorney M. M. Sat-
finger, and Police Judge w. H.
Lorenz were reappointed. City Clerk
Richard Emerson and Treasurer P,
P. Anderson were sworn in.
Brawley: Frank Kretz, mayor,
fire and water commissioner; w. I.
Hopes, sewer and parks; Harvey
Archias, police; S. D. Carey, fin
ances; Harvey Hastain, jr, streets
Police Chief Lon Cromer, Fire Chief
H. l.. Stewart, Police Judge H. B.
Griffin, City Engineer Walter X.
Hopkins, and City Attorney A. l..
Seville, all were reappointed. City
Clerk Charles C. Casey and Treas
urer Cyril B. Marking were sworn
in.
Calipatria: William c. Wilkin-
Continued on Page 8, Col. ~
Imperial Valley press., 1940-04-16

for the All American canal proJecC
in the absence of l.. j. Foster, the
nlans for the first unit of approx
mately 10000 acres have already
been turned over to the Yuma Of
flee, The survey includes recon-
mendations for location OF main
feeder canals and latcralS which
would take off from the All Amer
lean.
The first unit would lie directly
east of the present irrigable acre
age in the l. formed by the All
American and the EaStSide main
canal It WoulU extend about seven
miles east and west and l6 north
and south. The main feeders take
off from the All American at two
places and eventually link up with
the Eastside main.
Provision also is made for a
smaller acreage on the south side
of the All American.
Some parts of the new unit prob
ably will have to receive water by
pumps, for all will not be adapted
to gravity flow, Rohrer pointed out.
Considerable levcling work also will
be necessary.
Reports that veterans preference
provisions in the Boulder Canyon
act, by which war veterans receive
first claim to Eastside mesa lands,
had expired, were declared ground
less Tuesday by District Attorney
Elmer Heald, one of the leaders in
Continued on Page 8; Col. 60
Imperial Valley press., 1940-04-16

The resignation of j. Sterling Os-
walt as police chief. effective April
20, was accepted and Fl. E. Ernie
Cox. sheriff's office deputy, named
successor.
The resignation OF Phil Knights
as city engineer was accepted, ef-
fective April 80, but no immediate
successor was named.
Bratton was made fire and street
commissioner
He'll was made police commission
CT.
Herbert FaWceIt, holdover coun-
Gilman, was made water and parks
commissioner. .'Hc was formerly
street commissioner
P. l.. Moore former finance and
health commissioner was made
health and sewer commissioner
Howard Soper was installed as
city treasurer, succeeding Harmon
Tyler.
Only other change was when Neal
Gavin took office as city clerk, sue
ceeding Roy tombstone, when a
canvass of ballots added two votes
to his SIX ballot lead over Rudolph
FrowiSs.
Lee Nuffer was returned as pO-
lice judge. Dorsey Whitelaw as city
attorney and Corn Reed as fire
chief
The curtain Went down upon the
old board and went up for the new
before an audience unrivaled for
size and interest since the notorious
wrestling arena row. more than
half a year ago. The council cham
Der was packed and some spectators
we're forced to stand as the old
council wound up its business. Final
acts before retirement were:
Receipt of committees report
estimating $4,000 property damage
incident to rerouting the highway
through FL Centre and construction
of an underpaSS beneath the rail-
road tracks at Main street The
report was filed for the incoming
council and recommendation made
that close attention be given the
project
Receipt of letter from John B.
McNeece, reSigning from the Plan
ming and zoning Commission anG
praising the courage of the COM
missions members and the council
for its support. The letter was
accepted and reply, thanking Nc
Continued on Page 8, Col. a
Imperial Valley press., 1940-04-16
Reclamation Bureau Maps
Water System for Mesa:
Bard Awaiting Drainage
Precautions Quiet
Farmers Fears
Of Land Damage

A more philosophical at
titude marked Bard Valley
farmers Tuesday in regard
to drainage difficulties, ac-
cording to reports from the
eastern edge of Imperial county.
AS news spread that the clay
blanket to seal the All American
canal was more than half complete
and that Reclamation Bureau en-
ginecrs will starr soon on conStruc-
ton of a drainage system, farmers
appeared much less concerned over
damages from canal water.
There have been several meet
ingS without a mention of the All
American canal threat That is
some kind of a record" one inform
ed source said
The new attitude appeared to
be that:
IF the clay blanket fails to keep
water from leaking into the valley,
Continued on Page 8; Col. -
Imperial Valley press., 1940-04-16

posed site and give recommended
tions. The location of the airficld
is about seven-eighths of a mile
long, east and west, and about d
quarter of mile at the north end.
The south end tapers down mater
tally. The county airport near I'M
perial is a half mile square.
In addition TO the proposed air
field, Reynolds said the city would
like to build swimming pool 100
yards by 300 with tennis courts,
baseball diamond and park land
Sponsors hoped to interest the gov
ernment to the extent of WPA fin
anCing.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-04-16
Supervisors Order
SfriCfest economy

Economy became the WatchWord
of Imperial county government
Tuesday after supervisors Monday
ordered every department head to
cut expenses to the bone and buy
nothing new.
The same attitude toward econo-
my was indicated in the annual re-
quest for preliminary budgets. In
preparing the preliminary budgets
for next year each department head
was ordered not to exceed the
amount of the budgets for the cur
rent.
Preliminary budgets must be laid
beore the board by May Is.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-04-16
Victory
Claims
Conflict
Nazis Say British
Cruiser Sunk by
Bomber Attack
BY JOE ALEX MORRIS
United Press Foreign News Editor

United Press Foreign News Editor
German and Allied forces
raced toward Europe's new
battlefield in Norway Tues
day amid conflicting claims of tri-
umph in warfare that intensified
hour by hour.
Both sides appeared in agree
ment that in Norway the belliger-
ents at last had found the spot
on which they could fight outside
their own frontiers and develop
ments came with a speed that in
creased the fears of other small ma
tons from the low countries to the
Balkans.
These developments included:
A German high command CON-
munique saying that heavy Brit
ish cruiser-the 10000 ton type car
rying 900 to TOO men-had been
sunk off Norway by airplane and
three British planes, including a
flying fortress" had been shot
down.
A statement by French Premier
Paul Reynaud that the Allies had
"mutilated" the Nazi fleet in their
Continued on Page 8, Col. g.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-04-16


the navy said those sent into actual
combat in Europe have demon
strated their superiority over COM
parable European types
None of these planes so far used
the navy statement said are of
the late models now being acquired
by the U. S. armed forces and also
being sold to the Allies.
The navyS statement also as
serted that despite great advances
still is the backbone Of the naval
forces. No evidence has been pro-
duced curing the European war to
date to show that sWarms OF air
planes can replace a drcadnaught
as p weapon of offenSc or defense.
the statement said.
Tho navy statement was made
in response to written questions
submitted by Committee Chairman
David I. Walsh The committee
desired latest information about
relative performance of fleet units
as a guide in its consideration of a
bill authorizing expenditure of S655,
100000 for adding 10000 tons of
aircraft carriers, cruisers ana sub
marines to the fleet. an expansion
Of II per cent.
Certain American fighting planes
have in actual combat abroad dem
onstrated their superiority over
comparable European types" the
statement said. The fighting planes
Continued on Page 8: Col. -
Imperial Valley press., 1940-04-16
New Chiefs B Background
Shows Steady Advance

A 43-year-old Texan H. E.
CErnie) CoX-Will take office at the
end OF April as Ell Centro's new
police chief to replace j. Sterling
OSWalt.
Cox came to Imperial Valley in
1914 and ranched for number
of years near Calipatria. In 1922
he left the valley to work in the
oil fields near Long Beach, but
returned in the early 30's to be
night switchboard operator at Cali
patria and later did more farming.
In 1885 when Sheriff Bob Ware
Imperial Valley press., 1940-04-16

field located more than mile
north of the city and relocation
within a few minutes walk to the
west
The proposed site is on the banks
of New river on land partly
obtainablc by The city taking tax
title and partly by purchase,
THE plan would be to lease the
present airport site for farm land
this is owned by the city-and use
the proceeds to help build the rec
reational center" Reynolds said.
Reynolds said a representative OF
the Civil AeronauticS authority
would visit Calexco about the end
Of this month to inspect the pro-
Imperial Valley press., 1940-04-16

took office Cox joined the Sheriff's
office as chief jailer position he
still holds.
Cox came TO California in 1907
from Texas where he had lived on
cattle ranch
In the sheriffs office Cox has
had a variety of duties including
charge of all TRUSTEES, charge of
feeding the prisoners and looking
after them, the complete operation
of the jail and has served as first
assistant to the undersheriff. In
addition he has had extensive ex-
Imperial Valley press., 1940-04-16

perience in criminal Investigations.
Cox lives at 682 FL Centro with
his 14-year-old son. Fred fPinto)
Cox. freshman at Central high
school
II come into office with no politi-
cal ties or axes" Cox said Tuesday.
II can promise the citizens loyal
and non political administration"
He indicated that no drastic
changes in personnel we're con-
templated Immediately.
II want to get my feet on 'tle
ground first he said.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-04-16
Board Disapproves
Welfare Proposal

Supervisors Monday passed an Of
flcial resolution expressing their dis
approval of the proposed merit sys-
tenn for employees of the county well
fare department.
They declared that the system
would take control of the
county welfare department from the
residents of Imperial county.