davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-11-02

called 10 their rewards during Tie
past year,
The unaneh0fed Club viii meet
tomorrow from 4 10 9 y, ~, 70 hear
an address BY Major Newton Alex
ander wildly High teacher, on
Draft, And How II Effects Nom
C0mbalanik' The religious kefVife
viii BE- directed by ihe Hew student
assistant Raymond Montgomery.
The Young Peoepieb Society "ill
meet NJ 9 y %.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-11-02
FASHIONS ARE PUN

Hats turn up,
Walsllines pinehed in,
TIE new note IN legelfy
IN Tie election pin
Evening star., 1940-07-31

TENS Of government and Of in
ternational policies which are
foreign to the precepts of free
and liberal institutions upon
which the democracies of this
hemisphere are based. The Ha-
vana meeting. recognized the
common interest of all of the
American republics in these mat
ters and showed determination to
maintain solid front against
any tncursions. The resolution
concerning improper activities of
diplomatic and consular agencies
sets forth the underlying princi-
Piles relating to the functions Of
such missions and calls upon the
respective governments to take
action to prevent and suppress
such activities. The activities in
these as in other matters of q
kindred character, discussed and
acted upon by the conference,
have demonstrated not only de-
sire but a zeal and determina-
ton to face movements of
Subversive character with q solid
and united front. The American
republics have resolved that the
political institutions and aggres-
sive practices of other nations
shall not be imposed upon the
free and independent peoples of
this hemisphere.
In the economic field, too, we
set out to examine together the
dangers and difficulties confront
ing all of the American nations
and to consult as to the best
, means Of meeting them. The
task was approached with a
! strong conviction shared by all
that the present state of affairs,
as well as the outlook for the
future, imperatively calls for the
creation of instrumentalities of
economic defense, that must
necessarily gain in effectiveness
in proportion to the degree of
common action and cooperative
effort which they represent. All
OF our nations are faced today
with the distressing consequences
of war-created disruption of
world trade. Surpluses of COM
modities, the expectation of
which is essential to the economic
life of the American republics,
have accumulated and continue
to accumulate because Europe at
war is unable to absorb them.
Their existence is a matter OF
serious concern throughout the
continent. In addition, we must
envisage the possibility that, after
the termination of hostilities
many important European mar
kets for these commodities may
be directed and controlled by gov
ernments which regard interna-
tional commerce as an instrument
of domination rather than as a
means of enabling all nations to
share fully and on a basis of
equality in a mutually beneficial
exchange Of their surplus prod
uctS.
Adherence to Liberal
Trade Principles Reaffirmed.
The resolution on economic CO.
operation adopted by the Havana
Evening star., 1940-07-31
Berlin Sources Deride
5th Column Resolution

. BERLIN, July 81 (P).-Authorized
German sources referred derisively
today to the resolution against
fifth column" activities adopted by
the 81 American republics at the
Havana conference yesterday.
They suggested that Great Brit
ain was engaging in such activities
in South America right now.
= Japan today offers an excellent
opportunity to. study what is the
real meaning of the fifth column"
they said. "The British intelli-
gence service, after first being ex-
posed in the Balkans, now also has
been revealed as operating in Toxic.
This should be of special inter-
est to South America, as it is hardly
conceivable that the British in
telligence service is sparing that
continent"
These sources said Fuehrer Adolf
Hitler and Reichs Marshal Her
mann Goering in recent interviews
had reiterated to the world that
Germany has no designs on the
Western Hemisphere.
1--WE do not want to give a bad
example of mixing in on the affairs
of other continents, as some DOW
ers do" these sources said.
Evening star., 1940-07-31

pen If the American republics
fail to recognize and to take into
account the foreign purposes and
policies of certain foreign gov
ernments. These activities at
times have been in the nature Of
oral or. written representations
and at other times in the form
of a promiscuous circulation of
literature. In pursuing these
policies, the personnel of diplo-
matte and consular missions has
been increased out of all propor-
tions to the needs for legitimate
functions of such missions. It Is
we'll known that members of
diplomatic missions have we'll
recognized functions and that the
members of such missions are
clothed with special immunities.
When they engage in activities
foreign to those that are recog-
nized, they abuse their immuni-
ties and the government that
has received them may well be
concerned. Likewise, the func-
tions of consular officers are
generally defined in international
law and practice and the officers
themselves enjoy special consid-
GRAFTON by the local authorities.
But when such officials engage in
activities divorced from the Gus
tomary consular functions, they
abuse the hospitality of the
state in which they serve. That
situations of the foregoing char
acter have developed in many Of
the American republics has been
generally known for some time
past.
This meeting of Ministers Of
Foreign Affairs has taken cog
nizance Of those matters in sew
eral resolutions, particularly the
one relating to activities directed
from abroad against domestic in
stitutions and that relating to
inter-American development Of
standards on diplomatic officers.
The aforementioned resolution
recites that the American re-
publics have equal concern and
equal responsibility for the pres
ervation of peace and security Of
this hemisphere, and that each
shall adopt all necessary meas
ures to prevent and suppress ac-
tivities directed, assisted or abet-
ted by foreign governments or
foreign groups or individuals
which tend to subvert the domes-
tic institutions or to foment dis
order in the internal political life
of the. Americas. It also provides
for immediate consultation in the
event that the peace of any of
the American republics is men,
aced by such activities and for
a full interchange of informa-
ton regarding subversive activi-
ties within their respective juris-
dictions.
Solid Front Presented
Against Dangerous Precepts.
In a word, there is in the reso-
luton definite recognition by
the American governments of an
intrusion upon their hospitality
and disregard of their desire
to live in peace, freed from sys-
Evening star., 1940-07-31

battle-ground for the settlement
of differences between European
nations. There also exists the
danger that these regions might
be used as a base for the carry
ing on of activities of a subver-
slve character in the American
countries. I cannot too strongly
emphasize at this point that at
no time has any American ma
tlon had the slightest thought of
taking advantage of the European
situation for the purpose of grab
b1ng territory. Quite the con-
trary, the thought has been to
protect the peace and safety of
this continent.
At the beginning Of the meet
ing at Havana there was some
difference of view as to the modus
operandi for achieving the de-
sired end in relation to the island
possessions. IN certain quarters
there was a feeling that until a
transfer OF sovereignty or control
had actually taken place it would
be sufficient to have no more
than general declaration reas-
serting the principle of solidarity
and consultation agreed upon at
previous conferences. On the
other hand, there was a strong
feeling on the part of other dele
cations, including that of the
United States, that having in
mind the situation now obtaining
IN Europe the fact that transfer
OF sovereignty might be made
overnight with or without formal
ity and that activities in these
regions detrimental to the peace
and safety of the Americas might
be begun momentarily, it was
necessary to formulate at this
meeting definite methods of pro-
cedure to cope with any situation
that might thus arise. 1t was
realized that provision should be
made for prompt action in any
emergency situation and that de-
lay pending later consultation
might be disastrous to the main
tenance of peace and order in the
Western Hemisphere.
Happily, such differences of
view as at first appeared to exist
were reconciled with the result
that the meeting of the Foreign
Ministers has unanimously agreed
upon two documents designed to
take care of any situation that
may arise. These documents con-
sist of Cd a convention and CO
declaration and resolution re-
ferred to as the Act of Havana.
The convention contains definite
provisions for the administration
of any region which it may be
found necessary for the American
republics to administer. 1t has
the twofold purpose of protect
ing the peace and safety of the
Evening star., 1940-07-31

meeting Is designed to create and
set into operation machinery Of
action to deal with and meet both
Of these situations. In that reso-
luton the 81 American republics
reaff1rmed their adherence to
liberal principles Of international
trade those Of equal treatment,
OF fair practices and of peaceful
motives. They declared their de-
termination to apply these princi-
Piles in their relations with each
other as fully as present circum-
stances permit, and their readi-
ness to conduct trade in accord
ance with these principles with
any non-American country pre-
pared to do likewise. At the same
time, they announced their pur-
pose ito devise and apply appro-
pirate means of effective action
to cope with the difficulties, dis
advantages and dangers arising
from the present disturbed and
dislocated world conditions" It
was the unanimous opinion of the
Havana meeting that continuing
consultation among the American
republics Is essential to the at
tainment of these pressing OBJ
jectives.
Accordingly, 1t was decided to
strengthen and expand the activ-
tiles Of the existing Inter-Ameri-
can Economic and Financial Ad-
visory Committee as an agency
OF such consultation. The Ha-
vana meeting specifically in
structed the committee to pro-
ceed at once with the prepara-
ton of detailed plans for CO.
operative temporary handling
and orderly marketing of exist
ing and prospective surpluses;
for the development, where
feasible, of commodity production
and marketing agreements and
arrangements, and for the pro-
motion, among the American
nations, of mutually beneficial
trade. The committee was also
instructed to devise methods of
increasing consumption in the
American republics, through re-
lief and in other ways, which
would aid in the disposal of sur
plus commodities.
Finally, the committee was in
structed to consider while these
measures and plans are being
developed the possibility of a
broader system of inter- American
cooperative organization in mat
tiers OF trade credit, money, for
eign exchange, ct cetera. Some
of the measures proposed can
be put into operation very quick
ly. Some will require a certain
amount of time for the maturing
and execution of appropriate
plans. Taken in its entirety, the
program of action which is en-
visaged is flexible enough to apply
to any emergency and effective
enough to make it possible for
each of the American republics
to meet more fully the difficult
ties resulting from disrupted
trade and to safeguard itself from
possible dangers of economic
subordination from abroad. 1t is
Evening star., 1940-07-31
Reservations Are Made
BY Eight Countries

HAVANA, July 81 (P).-The 81
American republics formally pre-
sented a united front today against
political and economic dangers from
other continents in a three-point
program which Secretary of State
Hull regarded with deep satisfaction
despite last-minute reservations by
eight nations.
The Havana conference, after set
ting up new machinery to bolster
the solidarity of the Western Hemi-
sphere, concluded last night with
formal signature of documents amid
f1urries of cheers.
All the delegates signed the "Act of
Havana" and supplementary agree
ments, although the Argentine dele
gation-which had argued against
anticipating need of action concern
ing European colonies in the New
World-led seven other nations in
q succession of reservations.
The delegates of Argentina, Chile,
Colombia, Uruguay and Venezuela
specified that the agreements be
ratified by their governments before
participation. Mexico, Bolivia and
Peru made reservations as to minor
OOintS
Evening star., 1940-07-31

American republics and of safe.
guarding and advancing the in
terests and welfare OF the In
habitants Of the region.
Administration Of Territory
Provisional in Character.
The administration, which will
be under an "inter-American
commission of territorial ad-
ministration," is to be provisional
in character and Is to continue
only until such time as the region
Is in a position to govern itself or
is restored to its former status
whenever the latter is compatible
with the security of the American
republics - whichever of these
alternatives shall be found to be
the more practicable and just.
The convention condemns all
violence, whether under the form
of conquest, of stipulations i'm
posed by belligerents In treaties
or by any other process, and
states that no transfer or attempt
to transfer or to acquire any in
tereSt or right in any such region
shall be recognized or accepted. by
the American republics, regard
less of the form that may be en-
ployed to attain such purposes.
Temporary provisions in the
Act of Havana are designed pri-
marily to cover situations that
may arise prior to the coming
into force of the convention
which will require ratification by
the various governments. They
authorize the creation Of an
emergency committee composed
of representative of each of the
American republics, which is to
be regarded as constituted when
two-thirds Of the members shall
have been appointed. The ap-
pointments are to be made
promptly. Should the committee
be under the necessity of admin
istering any region before the
effective date of the convention,
it will utilize the applicable pro-
visions of the convention. The
act also recognizes the possibil-
ity of emergency situations and
the right of any of the American
republics, acting singly or jointly
with others, to proceed in any
manner required in it's own de-
fense or in the defense of the
continent. If action is taken as
an emergency measure, the mat
ter is to be placed before the
committee as soon as practicable
in order that it may adopt ap-
propriate measures.
Solidarity Strengthened
Against Subversive Activities.
The spirit Of unity and solidar-
ity has been likewise strength
ened by the action of the confer
ence on projects relating to sub
versive activities. I refer espe-
cially to the attitude toward
propaganda designed on the one
hand to stir up dissension in the
Western Hemisphere by beguil-
ing and misleading the people
and, on the other hand, to in
timidate them by express or i'm
piled threats of what may hap
Evening star., 1940-07-31

HAVANA, July 31.-Secretdry
OF State HulPs statement at the
close OF the Hapand conference
last night tollo,Ds:
The Havana meeting Of foreign
ministers of the American repub-
lies faced unprecedented prob
lens and conditions of possible
danger to the peace, security and
welfare of the continent which
have been increasingly apparent
in recent months and weeks. To
meet them successfully, it has
been clear that the American ma
tions must strengthen further
their already strong ties of unity
and solidarity and devise a con-
structive program for implement
ing through consultation and CO.
operative action effective means
of continental protection and de-
fense.
We are confronted in this re-
spect with three sets of problems
and conditions; the first relates
to the possible transfer of sover-
eighty at any time over certain
islands and regions from one non-
American state to another nom
American state: the second in
wolves the threat of subversive &C
tivities in the American nations
directed from outside the con-
tinent; the third comprises ex-
tremely grave economic difficult
ties and dislocations resulting
from war.
With regard to all three Of
these sets of menacing condi-
tions, the American governments
have manifested their full recog-
milton of the dangers which con-
front them in common, and have
created machinery for common
action instead of faltering and
abandoning the spirit of unity
and concerted steps for safety.
They have demonstrated to the
world their unalterable deter
mination to preserve and
strengthen the spirit and the
system of continental unity and
solidarity. They have thus
cleared the decks for effective
action whenever such action may
become necessary.
Change in Sovereignty
One of Dangers.
The situation with respect to
possessions in this hemisphere
controlled by European powers
for many years has for the first
time become most acute by rea-
son of the fact that the European
territory of some of these powers
is now under military occupation
and there exists the danger that
change in sovereignty or con-
troll of any of these regions might
make them objects of barter or
Evening star., 1940-07-31

q system Of economic defense.
under which the American re-
publics will be prepared to trade
with any nation willing to meet
them In good faith, in a spirit
OF friendly and peaceful purpose,
and on plane of frank and fair
dealing, and under which they
will be fully equipped to protect
themselves against any other
kind Of dealing.
Evening star., 1940-07-31
Boy, 9, Has 70 Nephews

Joseph Blunden, 0, Of Catford,
England, is now the uncle of 20
children. five older than himself,
Joseph being one of a family Of II,
seven of whom are married.
Evening star., 1940-07-31
Cleunup Drive

City employees cruised the rivers
and canals of Toxic, Japan, to in
duce citizens to clean up the water
ways as one means Of keeping down
thu spread Of disease.
Evening star., 1940-07-31
Text of Hull Statement
Secretary Of State Sees Hemisphere
Strengthened at Havana Conference

HAVANA, July 31.-Secretary
OF State HulPs statement at the
close OF the HdDand conference
last night tollolDs::
Imperial Valley press. (El Centro, Calif.) 1907-current, 1940-08-01
Plowshares TO Swords Literally
fIue asP.S. Industry Gears Itself
10 Manufacture Wartime SUPPLIES

WASHINGTON, Aug. l. CUP)-
The nations industries, large and
small, figuratively are beating
plowshares into swords in order to
build up defenses under the $lO,-
oOO,00O.OO preparedness program.
Approximately 10000 private in
dustrial establishments in all parts
OF the nation have been chosen
by the war department, after 20
years of study, to be converted
INTO vital munitions plants to pre-
pare for any emergency.
Many of these industries already
nave been given their "go ahead"
signal with national defense con
erdcts and many more are expected
10 receive them in the near future
Here are some of the principal
peace to war" conversions that
the industries are being asked to
perform:
Manufacturers of agricultural i'm
PIGMENTS to produce gun carriages
ana combat wagons.
Mining machine manufacturers
TO turn out combat tanks.
Producers of lathes for turning
out wooden ducks for shooting GAL
lerles to make lathes for army
Shoes
Imperial Valley press. (El Centro, Calif.) 1907-current, 1940-08-01
Vacation Notes
From Heber

Heber Notes
Mrs. Howard Davis and children
spent several days last week in
Jacumba.
Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Shockley Wis
tied Mr. and Mrs. Otis Briggs
Sunday.
MI. and Mrs, Woodrow Gilbert
moved last week from the Sher-
lock house out on a ranch.
Mr.. and Mrs. Virgil Terrence
visited in Ontario over Sunday.
Mrs. Lila Foust and Dorothy
Lee Sutherland left Saturday. for
a months vacation in Ontario.
Mr.. and Mrs. Claude Terrence
spent the week end in Los An
geles.
Media Price from Westmorland
VlSlJeQ nef MOther, Mrs. Mae Price,
over Sunday
Bob Baker and Bill Boren spent
Sunday in Jacumba.
Mrs. Cecil. Mrs. Thompson, Mrs.
Lee and Bernie Price attended
church in Ell Centre Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph Hudson gave
a birthday party Saturday night
for their, daughter Janet Rather
inc on her second birthday.
Mrs. Bob Robertson spent the
week end in Jacumba.
Miss Bernie Price, Mary Ruth
Price, Shirley Pat, Carnes and
Ralph Edward Hudson enjoyed a
swim at the Kenyon Desert Plunge
in Ell Centre Saturday.
Imperial Valley press. (El Centro, Calif.) 1907-current, 1940-08-01

Church pipe organ manufacturers
to make the wooden framework for
army saddles.
Makers of flat bed printing press
es to turn out recoil mechanisms
for 1855, milimeter howitzers.
Manufacturers of cash registers
and adding machines to produce
bomb fuses
Parking meter manufacturers to
make bomb mechanism.
Makers of automatic lead pen
ellis to manufacture ammunition
parts.
Makers of toy soldiers and mini
ature trains to produce mesh gears
and canteens.
Vacuum cleaner manufacturers
to produce gas masks.
Makers of ladies underwear to
manufacturer mosquito netting for
troops in the field.
Imperial Valley press. (El Centro, Calif.) 1907-current, 1940-08-01
3 Biggest Cities
Change Slightly
IN Census Totals

I WASHINGTON, Aug. /. up =
The population ranking of the Is
largest cities in the country has
changed only slightly in the last
decade, with the first six cities
remaining in the same order they
were in 1890
Census figures, exclusive OF tran
sients, showed New York, Chicago.
Philadelphia, Dtroit, Los Angeles,
and Cleveland heading the list II
1910 as in 1880, Increases in popu-
lation were registered by New York,
which had total of 7,380,259 by
Chicago, by Dtroit and Los Angeles.
The high Is in their 1910 ranking
follow.
Imperial Valley press. (El Centro, Calif.) 1907-current, 1940-08-01
News Notes from:
Elm District
ELM NOTES
BY Mrs. M. l.. Boone


From San Antonio, Texas, have
come Mr. Clyde Smith and brother,
Glen Smith, they are the guests
of their brother and wife, Mr.. and
Mrs. HAYES Smith.
Leaving for his home, in Los
Angeles, Jack Holman, spent sew
eral months in the, valley.
Mr.. and Mrs. Bob Dominegoni
and family recently moved to Lake
side to make their home.
Sunday Mr.. and Mrs. Amuel Ris-
ter motored to San Diego to enjoy
the day.
Mr.. and Mrs. G. H. Cannon &C
companied by Mr.. and Mrs. Gene
Higgins motored to Chula Vista,
San Diego and Lakeside Saturday,
returning to the Cannons cabin
at OakWild over Sunday Mr.. and
Mrs. Edd Diehl were their Sunday
guests at the cabin.
Mr.. and Mrs. Atterbury Ganyro
and children returned from their
vacation at the beaches at San
Diego and several days in the
mountains near Pine Valley.
In Los Angeles visiting relatives
is Mr.. c. w. Collins.
Imperial Valley press. (El Centro, Calif.) 1907-current, 1940-08-01
L.V.Labor Opposes
DAYLIGHT Time

The Central Labor council this
week went on record as opposing
daylight saving time for Califor-
MIA.
Members declared it was unnec-
essary as anyone who wanted to go
to. work at a. m. could do SO
without waking everyone else up
too. 1t would disrupt schedules, in
terfere with routine, and play hob
with schedules of all kinds, cOun-
Gil members said.