davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-04-15
Text of Presidents Talk
Roosevelt Praises Pon-Amercun Union
- In Address on Its 50th Anniversary
The tert OF President Roose-

The tert OF President Roose-
Delt,s Pan American Day address
tolloDs::
In the year 1890. on April II, and
without fanfare of trumpets, an
inter- American conference unani-
mously adopted q resolution provid-
ing that there shall be formed by
the countries represented in this
conference an association under the
title of the International Union Of
American Republics"
The tasks of the new organization
were simple. They were to collect
and distribute commercial inforlna-
ton, to publish bulletin, to provide
trade information and to carry for
ward the work of promoting sound
| business relations.
But behind these prosaic words
there was the driving force Of a
great American conception which
had been gathering headway for go
years.
The ideal originated in the mind Of
Simon Bolivar; and a kindly history
has preserved for us the draft he
had written in 1925, sketching his
purpose and objective.
His aim was peace for the Amer
icas. His hope was that the Ameri-
can example might eventually give
peace to the entire world. His
plan was stated in single, brilliant
sentence: The New World takes
shape in the form of independent
nations. all joined by a common law
which would control their foreign
relations and would offer them the
stabilizing force Of a general and
permanent congress-" The result,
as you know. was the calling Of the
conference of Panama in 1926.
Congress Of Panama Set Up
Ideal of cooperative Peace.
At that time, it took bold minds
even to dream of universal peace.
And yet, the Congress of Panama
gave clear expression to precisely
that aspiration Before that time,
there had been but two systems Of
peace known to the world One of
them had been the peace of uni
versal conquest, which Rome had
achieved and lost, and which Ma
poleon had vainly endeavored to i'm
itate. The other was the dangerous
and temporary peace of balance Of
poWer-Which even in 1926 was
plainly no permanent solution.
At the Congress of Panama, the
American nations proclaimed the
ideal of a cooperative peace; the
peace of free equals, freely agreeing
to settle whatever differences might
arise among them by none but pa
ciflc means-determined to CO.
operate with each other for the
greater good of all.
Never before had any group of
nations been asked to renounce the
splendors of indefinite conquest. and
to achieve their true grandeur by
peaceful cooperation. Yet that was
precisely what the Americas were
considering.
The dream of Bolivar was not
realized at the Congress of Panama.
But it did remain hope, an in
spiration. To the writer's, the poets
the dreamers, who kept the ideal of
cooperative peace alive through the
imperialist 10Th century, we owe an
everlasting debt Of gratitude
Initiative Came Finally
From the United States.
In spite OF several attempts to
bring to a realization the ideal of
inter-American unity, more than
six decades went by before the seed
began to grow. I am proud of the
fact that on that occasion the initia-
tive came from the United States.
Evening star., 1940-04-15
AnthropoIooists to Meet

Henry D. Collins, jr., retiring
president Of the Anthropological
Society Of Washington, will address
the. society at 8 pm. tomorrow at
the National Museum. His subject
will be Some Problems Of Eskimo
Prehistory."
Evening star., 1940-04-15
Chiropodists' Convention

Several District of Columbia CHI
ropodists will attend the annual
convention of the Chiropodists' So
ciety Of the State of New Jersey, to
be held Saturday and Sunday at the
Chelsea Hotel. Atlantic City. Dele
gates from seven States will attend.
Evening star., 1940-04-15
in friendship. We are

way in friendship. We are
determined that our mutual
relations be built upon hon.
or and good faith. We are de-
termined to live in peace and to
make that peace secure. We are de-
termined to follow the path of free
peoples to q civilization worthy of
free men.
Evening star., 1940-04-15
Mixed Chorus to Broadcast

The mixed chorus OF American
University. numbering IS voices. will
broadcast tonight from 10:45 to II
over station WRC. James L. Nc
Lain is director. The chorus was
featured at the American
Union Last week.
Evening star., 1940-04-15

The longest fence in the world
stretches 600 miles in Queensland.
Evening star., 1940-09-27

north of Norway. 1t was trip of
2,2O0 miles. and was made at an
average speed of 109 miles an hour.
For that deed Wilkins received
many honors. Among them was the
honor of knighthood from the Brit
ish King.
Evening star., 1940-09-27

Like many other young men, HUI
bert wilkins decided he wanted to
"see the world" That was 80 years
ago, when he had reached the age
Of "a.
wilkins was born in Australia and
lived there until the Balkan wars
broke out. Obtaining work as a
newspaper photographer, he trav-
eled to the Balkans. There he not
only took pictures to be printed in
q newspaper, but also turned
moving picture camera on the bat
tie scenes.
The next year saw him at work
in a new feld-the Arctic. In COM
pany with Stefansson, he boarded
ship and went through the icy
waters north of the Arctic Circle.
During the first World War, Will
kins served in the Australian flying
corps. Later he made an airplane
flight from England to Australia.
In 1920 he joined party which
explored land around the South
Pole. Surely he was seeing the
world" or at least a great deal of it!
Twelve years ago, Wilkins won
fame by a flight across the north
frigid zone. Starting from Alaska,
he flew to an island about 375 miles
Evening star., 1940-09-27
Don't Take
Ny Word for 1t
BY FRANK COLBY.
Don't
Don't
Colloquial contraction OF do not

This weeks slip O. the tongue
He don't understand me-" No. As
don't is a shortened form of do
not" it is plain that "he do not" is
a grotesoue error. The correct sem
tence is: He does not understand
me-"
Note: Don't and doesn't are re-
garded as colloquialisms. Do not
use these contractions in formal
speech or serious writing.
Wrong: She don't care for him
Better: She doesn't care for him
Correct: She does not care for him
Wrong: It don't matter Better:
1t doesn't matter. Still better: 1t
does not matter.
Poor: I don't think so. Improved:
I do not think so.
Poor: Wo don't agree. Improved
We do not agree.
Poor: Don't drive so fast. I'm
proved: Do not drive so fast.
For a personal answer to your
questions about words, send a
stamped (3-cent. self-addressed
envelope to Frank Colby, care
The Evening Star.
Evening star., 1940-09-27

West opened the jack OF hearts,
dummy ducked and East signaled
encouragement with the ten West
led his other heart, and East won
with the heart queen and laid down
the heart ace. 1t was at this point
that West found way TO execute
neat sWindle.
He realized that his jack of
trumps was worthless unless his
partner had the blank queen. For, if
had both the ace and queen OF
trumps. he would surely win the
, first two tricks in his own hand, and
thus find out that West had started
with four trumps. 1t would then be
easy to finesse through Vests
trumps. So Vests only real chance
that East had the blank queen jack
OF trumps.
Vests play was to trump his
partners ace of hearts! Then he
returned a diamond South won
and naturally assumed that Vests
trumps were worthless since he
could afford to trump his partners
ace.
So, when South's ace of spades
dropped East's queen, he decided
that East was trying a crude false
card with the doubleton queen-jack.
Therefore, he played the king Of
spades from the dummy on the next
trick. and West was then assured OF
the setting trick.
X X X
Yesterday you were Merwin
Maier's partner and. with both sides
vulnerable, you held:
AAJ7
2976 63
Q AQ
L95
The bidding:
Jacoby You Schenken Maier
- 90
AnsWer-PaSS. Despite your high
card strength, your hand is not good
for enough actual tricks to war
rant a vulnerable overcaL Your
length in hearts indicates that the
opening bidders partner will have
no fit for that suit and will there
fore be inclined to look for pen
atty double If he has talr hand.
Score 100 per cent for pass, 60 per
cent for one spade.
Question No. 563.
To-day you are Howard Schen-
kens partner and, Vulnerable
against non-vulnerable opponents,
you hold:
AAQ7
K63
% 5
+ K 7 4
The bidding;
You Maier Schenken Jacoby
- Dbl ~ Pass
(?)
What do you bid? (Answer to-
morrow
Released BY the Bell Syndicate, Inc)
Evening star., 1940-09-27
UNCLE RAYS CORNER-WIkns Won Fame by Arctic Flight

In 1881 he tried out what seemed
a very strange idea to most per-
sons. He fitted up submarine for
service under the ice of the Arctic
Ocean.
The submarine was obtained from
the American Government. Steel
runners were put on top of it, so
the vessel would be saved from harm
when it ground against the under
side of Arctic ice
Wilkins believed he might be able
to travel under water from one side
of the Arctic ice cap to the other.
The effort proved failure.
A dive was made near Spitzbergen,
but almost everything seemed to go
wrong. The diving rudders were
damaged. The ice drill at the top
of the submarine was broken Water
pipes were frozen, and oil feeds
were clogged. Blocks of ice broke
pieces from the propeller blades.
The vessel was able to back up,
and the order was given to retreat.
Out from under the ice, 1t made its
way back to Spitzbergen.
G~~eAs Had
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1940-05-09
MASSEY PLAYS
LINCOLN ROLE

Although he has won wide acclaim
for his superb screen characterizations
on both sides of the Atlantic, Raymond
Massey, noted Canadian star, has the
most memorable role of his brilliant
career in the screen version of "Abe
Lincoln in Illinois," the Robert E.
Sherwood Pulitzer Prize Play at the
State Theatre, Saturday midnight, Sun
day, Monday and Tuesday.
Massey's artistry will be remembered
in such American and British films as
1.-THE Hurricane" 1.-THE Prisoner of
Zenda," Things to Come" and "The
Scarlet Pimpernel" Some time ago he
attracted wide attention for his per-
Torrance in the title role of ETHAN
Frome," outstanding stage success.
More recently the distinguished actor
created a Juror for his extraordinary
characterization of the Great Emanci-
pator in "Abe Lincoln in Illinois" during
its sensational Broadway engagement.
1t is said that Massey's portrayal of
Lincoln in the current screen version
of the successful Sherwood play sur
poooCo eaAly OAhAlS 1lC 1ioo yCO NO1lC LII
films or one the stage. 1t is a difficult
sharply etched Interpretation of
great man whose memory is enShrined
forever in the hearts of a brave nation
and Massey, in a top-featured role,
rises to supreme heights in his sincere,
faithful portrayal.
Produced for RKO Radio by Max
Gordon, "Abe Lincoln in Illinois was
adapted to the screen by the same man
who wrote the memorable play-Robert
E. Sherwood, who spent years delving
into Lincoln lore. Directed by John
Cromwell, the stirring drama boasts
a cast of more than sixty players, in
Guiding Gene Lockhart, Ruth Gordon,
Mary Howard, Dorothy Tree, Harvey
Stephens, Minor Watson and Alan Bax-
ter in other featured roles.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1940-05-09
COMPILE RANGE
SWIM SCHEDULE
Six Teams to Participate in
Boys Swimming; Five
Meets in Ely.

The swimming schedule for boys
teams on the range was drawn up at
meeting of coaches held in Virginia
last week. Squads from Ely, Virginia,
Hibbing, Coleraine, Eveleth and CHS
holm will compete. In attendance at
the meeting from here were Athletics
Director Edward T. Buckley and Coach
Edmund NJ Haapaniemi
The Red and White mermen will have
five meets in Memorial pool and four
out of town. Following is the schedule:
Dec. Virginia at Ely, Eveleth at
Hibbing, Chisholm at Coleraine.
Dec. 14-Ely at Eveleth, Virginia at
Coleraine, Hibbing at Chisholm
Dec. 20-Chisholm at Ely, Eveleth at
Virginia.
Dec. 21-Hibbing at Coleraine.
Jan. 11-Hibbing at Ely, Virginia at
Chisholm, Coleraine at Eveleth.
Jan. 17-Eveleth at Chisholm.
Jan. 18-Coleraine at Ely, Hibbing at
Virginia.
Jan. 24Coleraine at Chisholm.
Jan. 25-Ely at Virginia, Hibbing at
Eveleth.
Jan. 31-Chisholm at Hibbing.
Feb. 1-Coleraine at Virginia, Eve
leth at Ely.
Feb. 81Ely at Chisholm, Virginia at
Eveleth, Coleraine at Hibbing.
Feb. 14-Ely at Hibbing.
Feb. 15-Eveleth at Coleraine, CHS
holm at Virginia
Feb. 20-Virginia at Hibbing.
Feb. 22-Chisholm at Eveleth.
Feb. % and Mar. State meet at
Virginia.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1940-05-09
SCOUT
FUNDS drive
Committee of II to Convene
Tonight to Inaugurate
Annual Campaign.

The annual Boy Scout drive for funds
for the Vermilion district will be in
augurated tonight at a meeting set
for 7 o'clock in the Community Center
A crew of II workers will conduct
the drive. They include:
Sigurd F. Olson, chairman; John
Dragavon, treasurer; Ray Hoefler, sec
rotary; Bruce Strachan, Ed Bolitho,
Judge Edwin Toms, Mayor B. M. Lam
bert, Byrd Brownell, Tom Murn, Ed
ward Buckley, John Smrekar, Joseph
Spreitzer, Jr., Jack Poshak, Lauren
Leino, Fred Handberg, William Jones,
and Ray Reigel.
An attempt will be made to complete
the canvas of the town on Friday, and
Friday evening, members of the above
committee will meet at o'clock at the
Community Center to turn in their con-
tributions, Mr.. Olson said
Organizations, lodges, clubs, fraternal
and civic, will be solicited by letter and
the committee hopes that each group
will see fit to encourage Scouting
through liberal contributions, he con-
tinued.
Individuals who are not approached
by members of the finance committee
may contribute by sending their checks
to John Dragavon, Treasurer, at the
First National Bank of Ely.
Tower and Soudan have already COM
pleted their drive at the western end
of the Vernnilion range. 1t remains for
Ely to finish its share of the RESPONSE
bility now. Every penny of the funds
collected will go toward the administra-
ton of Scout troops in this area, he
concluded.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1940-05-09
SHIPMENTS OF
ORE SUMMED

Ore shipments from Two Harbors,
loading point for all Vermilion range
ore, for April totaled 34,541 tons, or
nearly two-thirds of the entire ton
mage sent from the Lake Superior dis
trict during April of last year. All
told the Lake Superior district has sent
out 1869 tons for the first month of
shipping.
A year ago during April the tonnage
was 56,798 and in 1888 it was 260,514.
During the month this year no ore
went out from the Duluth docks. The
bulk of the ore, III ,672 tons, went from
the Great Northern docks at Superior.
The Northern Pacific and 500 line at
Superior shipped 52,541 and 6,371 tons
respectively.
The North Western shipped 21,645 and
the 500 Line 1871 from Ashland,
Wis The Lake Superior and Ishpem-
ing shipped 94965 and the Duluth,
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1940-05-09
Aim for Better Night
Vision on BLacktOp.

Better night driving visibility on BIZ
luminous surfaced highways
ton of that black blanket" which
soaks up the rays from the headlights
is the goal of new specifications drawn
up by the State Highway department
for the "seal-coating" operations this
summer.
The specifications require the use of
larger particles in the aggregate and
their spreading evenly over the fresh
laid bituminous material. Then, when
they are rolled in with a road roller,
the tops of these particles are left
exposed, above the level of the ''black
top material. These projecting par
ticles, rejecting light from headlamps,
are expected to produce greater lum-
inousity.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1940-05-09
To Attend Meeting at
BuhL Friday Afternoon.

Three members of the local school
faculty will go to Bull, Friday after
noon, to attend meeting to be ad-
dressed by Harold K. Jack, Minneapolis,
supervisor of health and physical edu-
cation of the state department of edu-
cation. They include Conrad G..
Haugen, principal, Edward T. Buckley,
athletics director, and Miss Mary Sever,
school nurse.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1940-05-09
~ Remember Mother Sunday Is Her Day ~
PRESENTED SKETCH.

Mrs. Stanley Adkins and Mrs. Joe
Fleming presented an abridged edition
of the Broadway hit Life With Father,
by Clarence Day, at the Junior Col
lege assembly Friday morning.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1940-05-09

Precinct caucuseS to name delegates
to the Democratic county convention
will be held June II. The county con-
vention has been set for June %.
The state convention has been
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1940-05-09
Demos Reveal Caucus Dates

awarded to Duluth in tribute to John
P. Erickson, Minnesota national COM
mitteeman, and a former resident of
this city. The state convention has
been scheduled for June 20.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1940-05-09
Trucker Kicks
Pig Too Hard.

Redwood Falls-This little pig went
to market, but it caused Leroy Wood
ford, trucker, an injury which will keep
him from heavy work for a month.
Woodford was loading hogs when one
of them wouldn't do what he told it to-,
so he kicked it-a little too hard. The
big toe Of his left foot was broken.
South Shore 81 Atlantic 5,745 from
Marquette, Mich, and the North Wes-
tern 60,378 from EScanaba, Mich.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1940-05-09
Bamboo Fishing Rods

Tonkin bamboo is ideally suitable
for fishing rods because of it's elas-
ITCHY, light weight and strength.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1940-01-11
LITTLE STORIES OF THF, WEEK saa@

Mrs. Guy Nelson, sons Wallace
and Ronald and mother, Mrs. Chris
Nelson were dinner guests of Mrs.
Mary Robertson in Kennewick Sun
day.
James Harper of Portland, Ore
gon was guest at the Harry Hamp-
ton home several days last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. G. B. Ashby and
Robert Cochran were dinner guests
Of Mrs. Minnie Ashby Friday eve
ming.
Mr.. and Mrs. Russell Blair were
dinner guests at the Charles Hunt
home in Horse Heaven.
Robert Cochran of Spokane visit
ed with father j. E. Cochran sever
al days, returning to Spokane Mon
day.
Mrs. Guy Nelson is on the sick
list this week.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1940-01-11
PICK ED up
AROUND TOWN

Just because his New Years's hi
larity cost him less" AYERS Kit Gift
ford, doesn't mean that his morn
ing-after headache wasn't as Sc
vere."
And they say Stain is a con-
fined pipe smoker. The william in
our plays always smokes cigars or
cigarettes, according to Tom Doyle.
about the only prediction for
1910 that is worth betting on" in
sists A. +. Belair, sis that the year
will have 365 days"
VIM. Hanson is of the opinion
that his Christmas was huge sue
cess except for duplicate in ties,
socks and printed Christmas cards.
Herman Schmidt figures that all
England has to do Is say BOO" and
Germany goes out and scuttles one
Of her own boats.
Even II the world would decide
to call it off and settle down, there
would always be people who would
be bored with the tranquil life,
thinks Frank Mason.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1940-01-11
Pat o'Neil left today for Port

FaL ONen lett today Tor Port
land where he will enter diesel
engineering school.
Miss Cora Thurston returned to
Seattle Sunday night to resume the
treatments on her arm.
The Royal Neighbors will 60 to
Pasco Friday night to attend a Joint
installation Of the two lodges.
Mrs. w. S. Walters has returned
from three weeks visit with her
daughter, Mrs. Joe Allen, in Yakima
and her son, Harry, in Longview.
Miss Bernice Brown of Spokane
will take the place of Miss Havel
Burdett in the high school library
for the remainder of the school
year. Miss Burdett will attend the
second semester Of the University
of California. .
Mr.. and Mrs. A. F. Brown receiv-
ed word that their son, Lieutenant
Tom Brown left today for Monte
rey, California, where he will spend
the next three months for army
manoeuvers. Lieutenant Brown
flew the amphibian plane down.
The Kilkare club entertained
their husbands with dinner party
at the H. w. Whittemore home Mon
day evening. High card honors for
the evening were received by Mr..
and Mrs. A T. Belair and second by
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Spears.
( Mrs. M. M. Moulton accompanied
by her mother, Mrs. SADIE Carson of
Seattle, are visiting in Cincinnati,
Ohio, with their sister and daugh-
ter Miss Helen Carson. Mrs. Moul-
ton plans to return next week.
Mr.. and Mrs. F. S. Mcclure and
Mr.. and Mrs. B. j. Campbell at
tended the Finley Townsend club
meeting Tuesday evening. Next
Monday evening, January %, the
men will entertain with social
evening and refreshments.
Escolentes club met at the home
Of Mrs. II. w. Whittemore this aft
ernoon for a 1:30 luncheon. The
program was in charge of Mrs. Fred
Giard, who gave a review Of the
book, Listen: The Wind" by Anne
Lindberg.
Mr.. and Mrs. II. Krack have
moved back to Kennewick from
Walla Walla, where they have been
making their home this winter. The
Kracks are now living at the Brad
shaw apartments on Third Avenue
East.
Mrs. G. w. Sherk was hostess to
the Horticulture club when their
belated Christmas luncheon was
served at the regular meeting Mon
day. Following the luncheon the
guests enjoyed an exchange of
gifts Mrs E. S. Mcdonald assist
ed her mother as hostess.
Bob Brown was host to the Toast
masters club Friday evening. Dur
ing the evening five of the club
members gave prepared talks on in
teresting subjects. Corstan Greene
spoke on Foreign Relations" John
Neuman on "The European War;"
Cecil Anderson explained the pro-
cess of dry cleaning; Ed Neuman
spoke on some interesting facts con-
corning the life of Alec Templeton;
and Urban Koelker spoke Of ways
in helping prevent fOrgeries.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1940-01-11
So, r.,,i,d viii. meet Mon

r,trary Guild will meet Mon
i the home of Mrs. II. A. Linn
0 xennewl;k Valley grange WIZ
Friday, January 49,.
u sscKinley Desgranges was a Yakl--
Ms,,siness visitor Tuesday.
ms = paul,s Guild will meet Thurs
=" January 18 at two O'Clock with
US. prank Maupin. wv. po,,,,,
lester Larson ana Yves 6roW1'
vere Spokane and Sanopoin' 'isl'-
ms saturday. - ..s.rs,,, .,or+
.,,e pa visiting with relatives in
L We Dorothy Doyle and Gerald
nritton visited with Gene Brltton
, n Lewiston Sunday. -
AZ George Adams underwent a
80 ;or operation at the Pasco hos
ma n saturday. She is reported as
Lifting along satisfactorily.
s sS;ss Helen Steiner and w. W.
st,se are attending the annual ex-
..ns;on leaders conference which is
sa;ne held in Pullman this week.
asr and Mrs. E. A. Silliman and
~ cons we're weekend visitors at
s wv nome of their son, Roy, at Lew
iston. a.,,,, ,,r,. -,
r,med basketball turnout this week
under the coaching OF Miss Verna
The American Legion Auxiliary
hald It's regular bushes meeting at
the Legion hall Wednesday after
noon.
+urned from six weeks trip to the
coast where they have been visiting
With their children.
The fourth division Of the NJ. E.
aid will hold their mystery sisters
luncheon at one o'clock Wednesday,
January II at the home OF Mrs. Geo.
Hodgsm.
Mr.. and Mrs. George LaMontagne
Who were enroute to California,
snent the weekend here visiting
With Miss Esther LaMontagne, local
hieh school instructor.
Mr.. and Mrs. Melvin Moore and
daughter Neva of Benton City were
Thursday evening visitors at the
home of Mrs. Moore'S parents, Mr..
and Mrs. w. ]. Thurston.
The high school has been read
Ing the books on the library shelves
and finds q very small percentage Of
books missing. This school shows an
exceptionally fine attitude toward
the use Of books.
The Wednesday bridge club met at
the home of Mrs. Cecil Anderson on
Wednesday afternoon. Honors for
the afternoon were received by Mrs
Gene Spaulding, Mrs. Howard
Hinckley and Mrs. Ray Normile-
The Misses Victoria and Frances
White left Friday for Salem, Ore
gon. Miss Frances will resume he1
studies at the Capitol Business
School and Victoria will make an
extended visit with relatives while
there.
A group Of twenty friends surpris-
ed Mrs. Jerry Curtiss with a mis-
cellaneous shower Wednesday aft
ern0on. The affair took place al
the home of the honored guests sis
ter, Mrs. Bert Winslow. Mrs. Curtiss
is recent bride.