davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-07-06

the pool amounted to $4,000 and
it has gone above $4,000.
1t was rather jolt to four "Out-
slider" newspapermen, one the writer,
who, arriving at Fairbanks for the
first time and expecting to find at
least something of pioneer, frontier
atmosphere, found a microphone
thrust at them with request for
few remarks for "our radio
audience" Especially when they
found that the microphone was con-
nected with a back-pacx type port
able short-wave transmitter of a
type far more modern than any Of
them had seen back in the effete
East. They had another surprise
coming, however Each of them was
presented with record of the pro-
ceedings to carry back home.
Fairbanks today is enjoying the
thrill of riding on it's. first paved
street.-the farthest north in Amer
lea, if not in the world. The Army
Air Corps last year conducted ex-
periments which show that concrete
paving, properly designed and laid,
Will Withstand the punishment of
temperatures of 60 degrees below
freezing. So Cushman avenue has
been paved and Second street is fol-
lowing. each for a distance of four
blocks or so.
Appealing to the townsfolk to keep
the new pavements swept and
washed as clean as the floor in
well-ordered home or place of busi-
ness" the Fairbanks Daily News
Miner, Americas farthest-north
daily newspaper, comments editorial
ly: From now on Fairbanks is not
a mere frontier town, but vested with
all the honors of metropolitan
center"
Night baseball is still a novelty in
some Of the biggest cities in the
United States, but it is no novelty
to citizens of Fairbanks. Baseball
games starting at pm. are not only
commonplace but customary. They
are played by the light of the mid
night sun and there is no danger of
a game being called on account of
darkness.
That same midnight sun is hard
on the song birds under the Arctic
Circle. Fairbanks is visited by robins,
chickadees, bluejays and other bird
refugees from the sunny South.
These birds don't get up at the
crack of dawn to gladden. the ears
of early-rising Alaskans, however.
There is no crack of dawn and the
birds are apt to be heard sounding
off at any hour of the day or night.
When they sleep. if they sleep at all,
is something of mystery. Espe-
cially to your correspondent, who is
banging this out on typewriter at
II pm. by lot of badly misplaced
daylight.
Evening star., 1940-07-06
Text of Hull Statement
Remarks Following Receipt Of Nozis'
Note Concerning Monroe Doctrine

The Tert OF Secretary's HulPs
statement yesterday on receipt of q
German note concerning the Monroe
Doctrine tollo,os:'
"The American Charge d'Affaires
in Berlin has communicated to the
department the text of the note
dated July /, which he has received
from the German Minister of For
eign Affairs.
"The not in question refers to a.
note delivered by the American
Charge d'Affaires under instructions
of the Government of the United
States on June 18, in which this
Government informed the govern
ment of the German Reich that it
would not recognize any transfer of
a geographical region of the Western
Hemisphere from one non-American
power to another non-American
power, and that it would not ac-
quiesce in any attempt to undertake
such transfer.
THE German Minister of Foreign
Affairs states that the government
OF the German Reich is unable to
Evening star., 1940-07-06

perceive for what reason the Gov
ernment Of the United States of
America has addressed this COM
munication to the Reich govern
ment. He states that in contrast
with other countries, especially in
contrast with England and France,
Germany has no territorial possess
sions in the American Continent,
and has given no occasion whatever
for the assumption that 1t intends
to acquire such possessions and he
asserts that thus insofar as Ger
many Is concerned, the communica-
ton addressed to the Reich govern
ment is without object.
Interpretation Challenged.
"The German Minister of Foreign
Affairs continues by remarking that
in this case the Interpretation of
the Monroe Doctrine implicit in the
communication of the Government
of the United States would amount
to comforting upon some European
countries the right to possess terri
tories in the Western Hemisphere
and not to other European coun-
Evening star., 1940-07-06
N-Foot Swath, Visible
From Plane, Marks
Alaskan Boundary
Line With Cunudu Seen
Stretching Over Miles
Of Forest and Mountains
(LaSt OF q Series.)
BY JOSEPH S. EDGERTON,
Star Aviation Editor.


FAIRBANKS, Alaska (By Air.
maiD More jottings of an out
slider, doing Alaska by airplane!
IT is not often the air traveller
can see a political boundary on the
, ground. 1t is one fthe privileges
reserved for those who go into the
high Alaskan interior in the Pa
cific-Alaska Airways planes from
Juneau to Fairbanks. Between
Whitehorse, British Yukon, and
Enthusiastically midway. as a
matter of fact-the international
boundary between Canada and Alas
ka stretches as far as the eye can
see in an undertaking line across
mountain and valley.
The surveyors who laid out the
boundary cleared a swath about so
feet wide of all trees and under
growth as they went. Though years
have passed. the clearing has not
been overgroWn-it is one wholly
peaceful international boundary
which not even nature has violated.
The frozen earth around Fair
banks is the answer to a paleontol-
ogist's fondest dreams. 1t is a
Veritable storehouse for the bones
of extinct mammals that once
ranged these hills apd valleys in
what may have been a more tenn
perate day than any part of Alaska
now knows. Even at that the cli-
mate must have been pretty chilly,
for most of these beasts wore heavy
coats of wool or fur. Some of them
were quick-frozen after death and
have remained that way for period
estimated at 10000 years or more.
Bones Stacked Like Cordwood.
There are woolly mammoths, an
occasional mastodon, horses, camels
big fellows-elk and moose, foxes
and even lions and saber-tooth
tigers. The mammoth tusks are an
important source of ivory for the
carving of native artifacts.
Otto William Geist, field repre-
sentative of the New York Museum
of Natural History and consultant
at the University of Alaska, Fair
banks, now is making one of the
worlds most remarkable collections
of animal skeletons from the geo.
logically recent Pleistocene period.
AS the result of this years work so
far large shed at the university is
full of giant bones and they are
stacked like cordwood under tar
paulins outside. What DR.. Geist
says is one of the most perfect man.
moth skulls ever unearthed is await
ing final cleaning. One of the prize
finds is the lower leg of baby
mammoth, almost perfectly pre-
served, even to the long, reddish
hair which protected this elephant
like infant from the chill of other
days.
Virtually the complete body of a
large animal much like a musk OK
has been found, in so perfect a
state of preservation that the stom-
ach contents can be identified. Most
OF the skeletons are uncovered by
hydraulic gold-mining operations,
which are carried on extensively
Evening star., 1940-07-06
U. S. Ship Aids Refugees

LISBON, Portugal, July 6 (P.-
The United States destroyer Dicker-
son arrived yesterday from Bilbao,
Spain, with refugees who will travel
to the United States on the liner
Manhattan.
Evening star., 1940-07-06

1t has been estimated that bind
weed, a grain field pest, reduces
grain yields as much as so per cent.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-01-23
Let There Be Liqht

The latest order in Germany,
already bristling with edicts and re-
strictions, is for those engaged in
night work to eat lots of carrots, an
occasional tomato and generous
doses Of fish oil. AS rule the Nazi
regime never bothers to explain its
dictates. It is not for the citizens to
reason why, it is theirs but to do
and/or die, but this time they have
been given reason. These articles
of diet are rich in vitamin A, and
one of the things which much over
worked vitamin A does is to improve
vision in the dark.
This would seem to be dangerous
experiment for the German govern
ment to undertake, for the simple
but sufficient reason that it might
work too well. The first thing they
know Hans and Fritz may begin to
see through the darkness of their
own gloomy position and won
der why it is their fate to be in the
worlds doghouse every few years in
an enforced blackout, and just why
they alone of all mankind have to
nibble carrots and tomatoes and sip
fish oil. The notion of swapping
their government for one with less
glory but more gravy may strike
them as reasonable, not reasonable.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-01-23
EmpIoye Income Tax

Government workers stationed in
Utah will get further respite from
payment of the State income tax UNI
der a decision just handed down by
the Utah Supreme Court. Reaffirm-
ing an earlier ruling, the tribunal
says that Federal employees are ex-
empt from the State levy C. spite the
decision last spring by the United
States Supreme Court wiping out the
ancient doctrine of reciprocal i'm
munity, which had prevented Federal
and State governments from taxing
the salaries of each others employees.
The case at issue arose out of the
attempt of the Utah Tax Commission
to tax the salary of an employe of
the Reconstruction Finance Corpora
ton, although State law exempts
compensation received for services
rendered in connection with an "es-
sential governmental function. The
commission was reversed by the State
court, which said that the law was
a recognition of the rule of i'm
munity" prevailing since the historic
Marshall decision, and construed it
to be applicable to the R. F. c. as
an essential" agency.
The commission appealed to the
United States Supreme Court, which
vacated the lower court decision on
the day it repudiated the assumed
immunity in a New York case, and
said that the question was subject
to adjudication without regard to the
Federal Constitution. On rehearing,
the State court now holds that its
original Interpretation of the intent
of the Utah Legislature in enacting
the law was correct.
At the time of the Supreme Court
decision there was legislation pend
ing to end tax immunity, and Con-
gress thereupon completed passage
to make certain that no attempt
could be made to collect the tax
retroactively. The Utah decision,
however, would indicate that States
will have trouble assessing this tax
until their Legislatures enact laws
that are fully responsive to the Su-
preme Court decision and leave no
doubt of their intent.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-01-23
Earl Browder

The conviction OF Earl BroWder,
general secretary of the Communist
party in the United States, on
charges that he practiced fraud in
obtaining passports, was, as the trial
Judge said, the only possible verdict
that could have been returned on the
evidence.
Mr.. Browder did not testify in his
own defense and, when he made
personal plea to the jury, the court
quite properly insisted that he con-
fine himself to the facts of the case
and refrain from attempting to pic
ture the trial as political persecu-
ton. When thus obliged to rest his
case on facts alone, 1t was apparent
that Mr.. Browder had no defense,
that he was guilty beyond a shadow
of doubt.
Later in the evening, at meeting
In Madison Square Garden, the
Kansas-born Communist RECALLED a
crowd of his supporters with the
story he was not permitted to tell
In court. The burden of this tale
was that the motive of the prose-
cution against him was part of
general campaign to get this country
into war and to destroy the labor
movement. That familiar Com
munist outcry will carry little weight
with the American people when bal
anced against the evidence adduced
against Mr.. Browder in court, nor
will his assertion that he considers
the verdict great honor" detract
from the clear fact that he was
plainly guilty.
The punishment metad out by the
cour[four years in jail and $4,000
fine-was severe, and perhaps that
had something to do with Mr.. Brow
der's post-trial outburst. But, if it
is any comfort to him, he can console
himself with. the thought that thou
sands of men in the Russia of his
adoption have been summarily shot
for lesser offenses than his.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-01-23
THIS AND THAT
By Charles z. TraceaDell.

A correspondent sends clipping from
the Nicholas Chronicle, summerville,
w. Va. about . pigeon which followed
boy to the hospital.
Attracted. by q noise at the window,
the boy looked up to see the bird on
the sill.
That's my pigeon" he said. II know
him by his bill. Let him in"
The nurse refused.
When the night nurse came on the
pigeon was still there. She finally OPEN
ed the window and let the bird In.
Sure enough. 1t was the lads pigeon.
all right, as proved by the number
on the band on It's leg.
This story serves good purpose IN
calling attention to the sometimes de-
spised pigeon.
Householders who feed the wildbirds
often become very much outraged at
the visits Of these creatures.
They are not wildbirds, and they
probably are fed at home-why do they
have to come and nose in, or bill in,
at place where titmice. chickadees
and others are feeding?
Hunger, Of course, is the explana-
tion-hunger mixed with good common
sense.
Pigeons, like starlings, are smart.
That Is how they get along so WELL
Only admiration can be the mental
reaction of any one who will watch
rioeonS coref,,ljv Tho coyno opr,l;o- ~
starlings. Both species are extra intelli-
gent. That is, they not only have brains,
but they also use them. It is one thing
to have brains, quite another to use
them. Humanity, often preening it.
self on possessing the crown of brains,
too often fails to use what 1t has.
Any ordinarily honest individual can
recall in his own experience many times
when he must confess that he did not
use such brains as he possessed. Then
he lectured himself severely, and prom
ised himself that the next time things
would be different.
~ 4
We would not say that pigeons are
any better than men in this respect,
but merely that their intelligence seems
adequate to their needs.
Watch these fat fellows waddline
around in cutters, where refuse tends
to collect.
Despite the advancing wheels, which
constantly threaten them with crushing
death, they seldom fall beneath the
tires.
Tender hearted persons daily expert
ence alarm as they watch the pigeons
slowly getting out of the way of trucks
bearing down upon them. They never
seem to hurry, but just to hop up on
the curb in the famous nick of time.
In recent years they have increased
in the downtown areas of most large
cities. Is it because city streets are
dirtier than ever before?
Pigeons at the suburban feeding sta
ton offer a distinct problem.
They will eat. half a dozen of them,
more than all the other birds COM
bined, even if the latter are to be count
ed by scores and hundreds.
A pigeon in good health is not only
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-01-23

creation, and will not permit It so to
cloud her vision that the realities
Of the Far Eastern situation escape
her. The Wang government can have
no influence whatsoever in mod
Grating the tension which Is growing
as the end of the commercial treaty
with the United States approaches,
and this question Of settling rela-
tions with the United States far
transcends any question of Coop
Grating with Italy against Com
munism. AS long as Washington re-
fuses to deal with Wang he will be
only liability to Japan in her rela-
lions with the United States.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-01-23

large. fat and bulky, but very vigorous:
that Is, 1t naturally demands q great
deal Of food.
It's approach to feeding station is
always the same.
We say its approach, but 1t is really
their approach, for these birds long
ago, even as starlings, found out the
value Of cooperation.
Accordingly, half a dozen or more
Of them gather into band, not only
for safety's sake, but also because what
one finds. the rest can have. Then,
too, half dozen In band tend to
crowd other and smaller birds out.
Thus the pigeons secure the same re-
suits as the English sparrows, without
suffering the same resentment from
mankind.
The approach Of the pigeon band is
always the same. The birds fly over a
neighborhood high in the air. wheeling
down In ever narrowing circles, until
they are approximately close to the
desired objective.
They do not, however, come down
straight. They are much too intelligent
for that. They perch on nearby ridge
pole, or ewes.
This is followed, at last, by one bird
flying down and alighting on the grass
some 20 feet or more from the feeding
station, where many small birds are
busy eating away.
Despite the apparent safety, the
pigeons are taking no chances. Every
day they go through the same procedure,
although they may have been doing 1t
for year or more
AS soon as the other birds see the
leader waddling across the grass, they
begin to fly down, one after the other.
BY the time the first pigeon is close
to the feeder, the others are approaching
In open formation.
The slightest noise will send them
all aloft at this time
This is the time for the householder
to get after them, If he is quite de-
termined to scare them away, for they
have not yet got taste of the food, and
probably will not return.
If, on the other hand, he is a wise
human, who understands that it is quite
harmful to himself to attempt to drive
pigeons squirrels, English sparrows and
starlings from a station, he will make
no such move, but be content-or almost
SOTO see what interest he can find from
watching the habits of these fat things
at his station.
| X *
The more such an observer watches
the members of this quartet, the more
likely he is to come to the realization
that he who puts out free lunch must
be willing to take his guests as they
| come.
These are guests these pigeons. these
squirrels, these starlings, these English
| sparrows.
Is 1t any way to treat a guest. to get
after him with hammer and tones. to
say nothing of larger weapons?
No. it Is not, definitely not.
He who is discourteous to his fellow
pigeons will be equally severe with his
fellow men. Life is a chain, its ameni-
ties among the pleasantest links thereof.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-01-23
rode Goes Up

The Commerce Department makes
q convincing statistical offering to
the great battle over the trade agree
ments which currently occupies the
attention Of the House Ways and
Means Committee. The opponents
OF the agreements have painted
word pictures of great harm done
their particular interests, without
translating that harm into terms of
dollars and cents. The agreements.
they say, let down the bars to i'm
ports, and imports are running our
agriculture, our glovemakers, our
watchmakers, our timbermen and
various other American enterprises.
But the volume of these i'm
ports is relatively small. The Com
merce Department. reports that
among the important commodi-
ties on which certain types of
duties were reduced through trade
agreements, imports of cattle Except
for breeding), cotton and wool semi
manufactures, sawed lumber and
shingles show increases. The ag-
gregate increase in imports of those
products combined was only $780,
$4,000, as compared to the $2,O71,-
100000 total value of United States
imports for the first eleven months
Of 1882"
The positive value of the agree
ments is even more striking than
their negative merit Samuel Crow
ther, pleading the cause of protec-
tive-tariff New England before the
House Ways and Means Committee,
gave the impression that American
trading under the agreements was
sentimental, at sorry variance with
the old idea of hard-headed Yankee
trading. But the Commerce De-
partment shows in its review of
United States trade from January
through November, 1899, that our
exports to the Heterogeneous
countries rose eighteen per cent over
the first eleven months of 1888, while
exports to nonagreement countries
fell by eight per cent. Mr.. Crow
Their protested that the program
was nothing more than a low-tariff
system in disguise. But the facts
disprove him. It is true that the
American tariff wall has been let.
down thirty-nine per cent since 1884
by the trade agreements. It is true
also that foreign barriers against
sixty per cent of our trade have been
lowered. Congressional tariff max
Ing brings no direct benefit to our
sales abroad. The reciprocal trade
agreements open markets overseas.
This is a truth so apparent that it
scarcely seems likely that Congress
will fail to re-enact the law giving the
administration power to negotiate
and proclaim the trade agreements
without congressional approval for
each agreement,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-01-23

pending commercial treaty show
down with Japan dominates the
Washington international scene.
Friday is the zero hour. On that day,
January 26, the 1911 pact, having
been denounced by us six months
previously, formally expires. Hope
prevails at Toxic, the cables report,
that the United States will not long
delay In devising methods for at
least modus vivendi prolongation
OF the treaty, which will avert re-
prisals on either side and permit
trade to proceed along normal lines,
even If for the time being it is no
longer governed by treaty provisions.
The new Yonai government, bound
to the army by unbreakable ties, Is
VIGOROUSLY not In position to make
outright concessions to American
demands for recession from the
new order in Asia" pretension set
up by the invaders and illegal occu-
pants of China. But there are strong
cards in Americas hand, and it may
be expected that this government
will play them if the japanese refuse
to respect our fundamental rights
In China.
Europe-at war from the Arctic
Circle to the Mediterranean-of
course conjures up a cauldron of
seething issues for the United States.
Most acute at the moment is our in
sistence upon the integrity of our
mails on the high seas, which the
British seem in no mood to respect.
Then there is the still smoldering,
unsolved question of aid for Fin
landau issue that for most Amer
leans has all the earmarks of a mys-
terry, and a far from creditable one,
at that.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-01-23
Letters to the Editor
Tells of Senator Borah's
Regard for His Horse,
To the Editor Of The ats,.


While the Nation mourns the loss of
that stirring voice In the Senate which
was ever capable of arousing public
opinion, I had the privilege of knowing
Senator Borah's consideration for dumb
animals, and how on one occasion he
tried to atone for harsh word to his
favorite riding horse, Jester. a few
years ago.
At this time it was the habit of the
Senator to ride on the streetcar to
Irving street, where he was met by the
stable boy with Jester, and after his
ride through Rock Greek Park, the
colored boy would again mount Jester,
taking him to the stable, while the
Senator would proceed to the Capitol
But on this day there happened to
be a strong wind blowing and Just as
the Senator became lost In thought
white paper was tossed on the bride
path and Jester SHE'D so suddenly that
the rider was almost dismounted. The
Senator called out harshly and jerked
the rein. He soon forgot the incident,
but the horse did not, for when the ride
was over and they both stood waiting
for the stable boy, the Senator reached
In his pocket for the lump of sugar
which it was his custom to offer Jester,
but the horse turned his head aside re-
fusing to accept the sweet morsel from
his masters hand. The Senator i'm
mediately approached Jester from the
other side, but again Jester refused the
gift. This worried Senator Borah and
after arriving at the Capitol he phoned
the stable to ask If the horse were sick.
Jester had never behaved like that
before.
In few moments, the boy returned
and said: HE seems all right, sir, he's
eaten all his hay"
That settled it. The Senator had no
notion of beginning work that day in
the Senate or committee room until he
had squared himself with Jester. It
was smile ride to the stable and
in those days the Senator did not own
an automobile, but he would not allow
his faithful nag to think he was angry
at him. He took the streetcar and after
assuring Jester that he was "tops," the
Lion of Idaho was perfectly content to
begin his days work and returned to
his duties. ANNABEL LEE,
January 81,