davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-08-25
Minute Solar Systems

0oHR soon came forward with suggestion.
He pointed out that uranium as extracted
from natural ore contains not only ordinary
uranium. but two slightly altered forms. or
isotopes of uranium. Now these two isotopes
are important. An atom of ordinary uranium,
heaviest of all elements, is built like a model
solar system. Ninety-two electrons revolve
about the dense nucleus. This nucleus con-
tains ninety-two positively charged protons
to balance the ninetytwo negatively charged
electrons The nucleus also contains LAG
neutrons. The atomic weight of ordinary
uranium is 238. The two uranium isotopes
are constructed in precisely the same manner,
but one contains three fewer neutrons than
the parent stuff. and the second has four
fewer. Chemically and physically U235 and
U-234 are identical with more common
U-238 (U is the chemical symbol of uranium.)
1t was U-235. thought Bohr, that was ex-
ploding with such huge outbursts of energy.
He also took note of the fact that sLoW-
moving neutron caused the explosion, whereas
a fast-moving one had no effect. One writer
explained this admirably by comparing the
situation to golf game. A slow moving ball
frequently drops gently into the cup, but
fast-moving one hops over it. So with the
neutron According to Bohr the slow neutron
dropped into the atom, which caused in
stability and resulted in an explosion. Too
bad, said Bohr, that some of this U-235
wasn't available in pure form so the hy-
pothesis could be tested
His wish brought immediate action. Search
for means of extracting pure U-235 began
at several places. Interest was whetted to
razoredge by the stakes involved.
Two groups led the pack of searchers. One
was headed by DR.. Alfred o. Nier, of the
University of Minnesota. The other included
Dr. H. c. Pollock and DR.. Kenneth H. King
don: of the Schenectady research laboratories
of General Electric. Both groups used the
same procedure in their work.
First they heated uranium in an electric
furnace until it turned into vapor. Then they
electrified this vapor and shot it through
magnetic field The atoms, having different
weights, were dragged down onto platinum
plate at different distances Minute quantities
of pure U-235 resulted.
A history-making moment was at hand.
Both samples went to Columbia University
for testing. Bombardment of the U-235 with
slow neutrons began. Recording instruments
told vivid story of the high drama taking
place within the bombardment chamber
device for checking the explosions ratified
like a machine gun. Another instrument that
. CONTINUED on poge 1O)
$3.50
Evening star., 1940-08-25

at Berln's Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, was
ment, with neutrons - minute, electrically
neutral fragments of matter. Atom smashing
primarily consists of hurting tiny bits of mat
ter at larger chunks of matter - atoms. The
projectiles are shot forward by high voltages
and when direct hit is scored the atom flies
apart. releasing its binding energy
Hahn was working at this relatively routine
business. Examining photo plates afterward
the sixty-year old radiologist discovered that
he had made a direct hit on heavy. we'll
armored uranium atom and had split it in
two. But the most significant thing: low
energy bullets had released 200, 100000 volts!
Appreciate the meaning of this: using small
energies, DR.. Hahn had smashed into an atom,
producing tremendous amount of power.
He had taken out far more energy from the
uranium atom than he had put in! Perhaps
atomic power wasn't such an idle dream
after ALL
When Hahn reported his epochal results,
other physicists went excitedly about check
ing his claims. Workers in Washington's Car
negie Institution. Columbia University, Johns
Hopkins and elsewhere sent neutrons slther-
ing toward minute chunks of uranium - and
they also saw 200. 600, 600 volt flashes on their
photo plates.
There was one puzzling aspect about all
this If one atom released such vast amounts
of power. why didn't some of this power 60 to
smash second. and a third atom? In other
words, why wasn't there chain action and
a continuous flow of energy? Scores of SCI
entsts pursued this exciting train of thought.
One of them was Niels Bohr, Danish Nobel
Prize winner who is now working at the In
stitute for Advanced Study, at Princeton,
New Jersey.
Evening star., 1940-02-13
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, Feb. 13.-Karl vir-
ack, favorite waiter of the late Hey
wood Broun, says the columnist
"was a hberal-and liberal Upper,
too"
An overflow crowd of 12,000-addi-
tional thousands were turned away
-jammed a midtown auditorium
last night to hear waiter, cab driver
and celebrity eulogize the founder
and president of the American
Newspaper Guild.
Personal effects of the columnist.
who died of pneumonia two months
ago, were auctioned along with
autographed books sent by John
Steinbeck, Ernest Hemingway, Pearl
Buck, Carl Sandburg, Eugene ONeill
and other authors.
The memorial meeting. sponsored
by the Newspaper Guild. launched
a movement for the establishment
of Broun endowment fund for
newspaper achievement awards.
Evening star., 1940-02-13
Appropriations
(Continued From First Page

far as to preclude changes in de-
sign to give them superior speed,
armor and armament.
Before work goes any. further, tire
committee said, consideration should
be given to necessary changes to
accomplish this purpose"
Besides the battleships and cruis-
ers the committee approved initial
funds for one aircraft carrier, eight
destroyers, six submarines and five
auxiliary vessels. A total of $780,
37l l,979, a reduction of $28,628 ,O21
below budget estimates, was rec
commended for the shipbuilding pro-
gram, including work on 10 combat
ships and Is auxiliaries already un-
der construction.
Tops Current Fund.
Despite the pruning, the bill car
ried $51, ,4l2,62 more than the total
amount appropriated for the Navy
during the current fiscal year, in
cluding $137,172 ,238 for the neutral
ity patrol and other expenditures
charged to the current emergency.
Because of acceleration in the
Navy's building program, the COM
mittee stipulated that $4,000, 900 of
the construction funds in this bill
should be made available immedi-
ately.
Cutting $2l,7146OO from the
amount sought for naval aviation,
the committee also halved a re-
quested 20,000, 900 contract authori-
zation for the purchase of new
planes. thus rejecting the Nays
request for 224 planes in connection
with the expansion program. A re-
quest for 3O5 replacement planes
and At additional planes for the
Naval Reserve was approved.
OF the 500 ,563 300 for aeronautics.
the committee earmarked $4,000
for purchase of autogiros and hell
copters for experimental work and
allowed $150,000 for a new non-
rigid airship for training purposes.
but disallowed $780, 900 for a second
similar ship. 1t also approved a
budget, request for $500 200 for
aeronautical research and stipulated
that $4,000 900 included for airplanes
incident to fleet expansion be de-
voted to purchase of other expert
mental craft, including those pow
cred by Diesel engines.
Secretary Edison, Admiral Harold
K. Stark, chief of naval operations,
and other Navy Department officials
gave the committee these facts
about the fleet and its land ad-
juncts:
l. The shipbuilding program cost
$13,9l5 600 a month in 1899; for 1941
Evening star., 1940-02-13
70-Mi|e Mass Of Ice
Moves Down Ohio River
~ the Associatsd Press.

~ the Associated Press.
CINCINNATI, Ohio, Feb. ia
70-mile carriage Of ice, softened BY
spring like temperatures, moved
down the Ohio today as prepare
tons were made for early resump-
ton Of river traflic.
A combination Of several large
noes and many smaller ones, the
mass extended from Aurora, Ind,
to point near Louisville, and was
causing minimum Of damage a
it rolled westward. The ice was
travelling about miles an hour.
The river, raised by rains and
gorges but at no point In this Sec
ton near flood stage, receded as
the ice started out.
Engineers at Louisville declared
the lowest river level in years pre-
vented repetition Of the heavy ice
damage Of 1918.
Ondcials of the Greene Line, op-
orators of steamer service, an
nounced they expected to resume
operations on the river Thursday.
River traffic has been tied up nearly
a month by the ice.
PARKER, Pa, Feb. 10 R.-A
steadily growing ice gorge jammed
the Allegheny River today, forcing
flood waters into low-lying sections
of this little community so miles
north Of Pittsburgh.
Some residents scurried for near.
by hills as the river surged up 10
feet within a few hours and passed
the 23-foot mark, 3 feet above flood
stage at this point.
Army engineers were asked to rush
dynamite here to break the huge
gorge which had formed In a bottle
neck of the river at West<Monterey,
about 4 miles to the south.
Evening star., 1940-02-13

the predicted expenditure is $24,-
SOC, 900 month.
2. Construction on 10 new combat
ships begin at once; work on 120
more already is under way.
3. Work in excess of the statutory
limit Of 40 hours weekly has been
authorized for some of the 67,277
men employed at industrial navy
yards.
62 Million Needed for Planes.
4. About $68, ,000, 900 is needed to
purchase 576 new airplanes in the
next year. The Navy expects to have
3,204 planes by June 80, 194l.
S. 1t will cost about $4,000 to
make urgent repairs to SO top heavy
destroyers.
6. Two new battleships costing
S65, ,000, 900 each, which will be
launched in the spring, although
equal to craft of other nations,
should not be duplicated because
they soon may be obsolete.
Z. The department needs s120 to
clothe each of its $4,000 men-a
total cost of $18,2400OO.
8. 1t will cost about S10,50O, 900
to put fuel oil in the Navy's vessels.
9. Pay, subsistence and transport
tation of those who man the ships
will require 1863 300, 900.
Evening star., 1940-02-13

the Government itself could not dis
charge, and the agreement sets forth
that its continued use as an in
strumentality for the operations
proposed will be advantageous to
the Government employees served
this agency and the Government. u
The agreement also sets forth that
the expenditures which Acting Con-
troller Elliott had said were improp-
er had been made "in good faith
under mistake Of law" In proposing
to revamp the structural setup,
however. it said that "the present
direction of the corporation by a
bunch of trustees eiectec by active
members selected by The trustees
Is inconsistent with its status as
an agency of the Government"
The agreement also sets forth
that 'it is the policy of this agency
to accord to the employees OF the
corppratiun the rights of self or
ganization and OF collective bar
gaining through representatives Of
their own choosing" The corpora
ton at present has contract for
its cafeteria employees with the
G. I. o.
The meeting at which the trustees
of the association will take up the
agreement will be held tomorrow
at pm. at their headquarters, 1135
Twenty-firs street NV. The We'll
fare and Recreation Association
came under the direction of the
Federal Works administrator last
July ! by virtue of the President &
reorganization program, and the
proposal of Mr.. Carmody now would
put it directly under one of his
aides.
Evening star., 1940-02-13

"When we get married" she said
then, II think I'll drop out of the
movies. Somehow women's careers
and marriage don't seem to blend.
Believe me, when I get married
I want music, flowers, bridesmaids,
a veil and pretty ceremony"
She remarked at that time she
had accompanied another couple on
an air elopement to Las Vegas few
days before.
That trip took away an idea we
had of eloping." she confessed. "It
was SO disillusioning. We went into
this justice Of the peace's Office, Just
a little cubby hole only half the size
of this room"
Evening star., 1940-02-13

Lana Turner and Artie Shaw
Wed After Night Air EIopement
Los Vegas Justice
Of Peace Is Reused
From Bed at 4A.M.
~ the Associated Press.

~ the Associated Press.
HOLLYWOOD, Feb. l3.-Artie
Shaw, the band leader, and Lana
Turner. glamorous young Boston
picture actress, were married today
In Las Vegas, New. after an air
elopement.
They were married at 1 am. by
Justice Of the Peace George Mar
shall after getting him out OF bed.
They also aroused . deputy clerk
to issue the license.
Miss Turner, q Wallace, Idaho,
girl, who has been rising rapidly
in pictures In the last year, gave
her name as Julia Jean Turner.
She is 10 years old.
Witnesses were Walter Quinton,
who flew them from Hollywood. and
Danny AKers, a taxi driver.
Mr.. Shaw, who Is 30, gave up his
band several months ago.. after a
serious illness. He went to Mexico
late last year, suffered a knee injury
in a surf accident and returned here
last month.
Film sources expressed astonish-
ment over the marriage. A publicity
man at Miss Turner's Metro Gold
wyn-Mayer studio didn't know they
were even acquainted"
Mr.. Quinton, the pilot and a friend
Of Mr.. Shaw's. was surprised when
they called him at am. to charter
the plane.
Miss Turner was discovered"
three years ago while a Hollywood
high school student. A trade paper
publisher was strucy by her beauty
as she ate lunch In a restaurant. He
introduced her to an agent. She
was signed by Mervin LIE Roy for
a role In They Won't Forget"
Two months ago, Miss Turner
said in an interview, her affections
were for one man-Greg Bautzer,
Los Angeles attorney. She added
that she'd worn his ring so long it's
almost covered over with skin"
Evening star., 1940-02-13
Walters and Celebrities Luud
Broun at q Jummed Memorial

Boos mingled with applause as c.
I. O. head, John L. Lewis. spoke of
Mr.. Broun as "one of the great cap
tains of the American labor move
ment." Mr.. Lewis recently criti-
cized the administration, which the
columnist supported.
Herbert Bayard Swope, Mr.
Broun's boss" on the old New York
World. affectionately called him "a
gin-drinking, poker-playing old rep
robate-but with the other side of
his shield filled with human quail
ties"
Mayor Fiorello La Guardia
when he was campaigning for
Congress. he had the weakness of
always stopping to hear the other
fellows speech"
Edward G. Robinson, actor:
"Broun, as critic, broke the snob-
bish custom OF the day of complete
segregation for actors and critics.
And with his great bulk" he
added, there went a spirit that was
gentle and delicate"
Evening star., 1940-02-13
Cufeterius

Zaglits. DR.. Cerla
Evening star., 1940-02-13
Continued From First Pape)

the Supreme Court Building, Ii
brary of Congress, Federal Reserve
Bank Building, Home Owners Loan
Corp. building, and other struc-
lures which do not come directly
within the province of the F. w. A.,
but the Commissioner could enter into
new arrangements for the operation
of these particular establishments,
several of which, Mr.. Elliott's re-
port showed, have been losing ven-
lures. .. -
The corporation was originally
organized to perform functions that
Evening star., 1940-02-13
Italy Is Reported
Speeding Brenner
Fortifications
Work in Udine Region
Seen at Many Points
By YugosIov Workers
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
JESENICE, Yugoslavia, Feb. 49,
italy is secretly speeding fortinca-
ton Of the Brenner Pass--gateway
in the Alpine barrier which separ-
ates her from Germany-Yugoslav
workmen reported to military au-
thorities here today.
The reports were received with in
terest in view Of growing tension in
the Balkans, as result Of which
Italy was expected to feel increased
pressure from both Germany and
the British French allies.
When Germany absorbed Austria
on March 13, 1888, German troops
took up positions in the Brenner
Pass zone.
Italians constructing fortifications
in the Udine region opposite Yugo-
slavia can be seen from many points
along the frontier.
Great efforts, however, we're made
to cloak the work on the Brenner
Pass defenses.
Even some italian sources have
admitted, however, that the center
Of Italian fortification building has
shifted from the French to the
German border, where erection Of
forts and pillboxes has been under
way four months.
Germans returning from Africa
and the Balkans by way of Italy are
being sent across the border at night
to prevent them from spying on the
work.
Comment on the Yugoslav reports
was not available in Rome because
of restrictions placed upon publica-
ton of military information.
Evening star., 1940-02-13

Comment on the Yugoslav reports
was not available in Rome because
of restrictions placed upon publica-
ton of military information.
Evening star., 1940-02-13
New Air Lines Rumored

NEW YORK, Feb. 13 R.-Both
the French and British governments
plan to start transatlantic airmail
service in the spring, according to
reports in American air transport
circles.
Evening star., 1940-06-02

some more experience and much
more self confidence.
On mothers say-so I wired James
Light of the Provincetown Players,
who had previously offered me
job which I had turned down, and
told him would like to play in THE
Earth Between" When the play
went to New York, I went with it
and made my first important New
York appearance.
Then I accepted what I thought
was an offer to play with the Cape
Players. Mother and packed our
things and motored to the cape. 1t
was false rumor. it developed.
wasn't hired as an actress, 50 in
desperation stayed onfor the sum-
mer as an usherette. There I met
young scene painter named Henry
Fonda, with whom later made the
picture "Jezebel"
When we got back to New York
there was nothing to do but look for
another job. I tramped the street.
and for the first time learned the
addresses of all the agents.
Two Tests, One Good.
Then Marion Gering gave me the
role of Elaine Bumpstead in Broken
Dishes" opposite Donald Meek. That
renewed my courage because it ran
long time, opening in the Ritz
Theater on Forty-eighth street and
(See DAVIS, Page F-3)
Evening star., 1940-06-02
Todoy's Film Schedules

Continued on Page F-2, Column 81
Evening star., 1940-06-02
Altogether, I've Had Fun,' Is Her Summa
Bette Davis Reports Her Dramatic and Cnematc Life
To Date, From ProblemChild Days to Buying House

in my finest finery), and then de-
livered me a short but effective lee
ture. She said she could see that I
did not take the theater seriously
enough, that I had not taken the
trouble to prepare myself for the
interview q had only been working
up to it for one whole year, and that
I was a frivolous little girl.
But mother never admitted defeat
for me. The first thing I knew we
were on our way back to New York,
where mother talked my way into a
chance to study with John Murray
Anderson.
I entered ST. Mary's School to
study for scholarship late in the
term, and there was only one girl
who hadn't. chosen roommate by
the time arrived. We lived in an
old. brownstone-front house, did our
own washing, cooked over the gas
when the landlady wasn't looking or
smelling around-and entertained
mother on week ends. 1t was new
experience but it was good for me.
Then New York.
Long before time for my grad
uation from the John Murray An
derson School I was itching to get
some practical acting experience. I
got the chance to go to Rochester
to play bit in the play Broadway
with the George Cukor stock COM
pany. Mr.. Cukor fired me event.
ually. but not before I had acquired
Evening star., 1940-06-02
Epitaph to a Closing Broadway Season
Being Examination in Retrospect, Play.by.Play
Account of the Past Year in the Theater

blows a new note (some say of con-
fusion) into the theater with ''The
Time of Your Life" The people who
didn't like it in the first place didn't
say anything later when it won the
Pulitzer Prize and the New York
Critics Prize. They just scratched
their heads. Clare Boothe works
over the NaZis in murder mystery,
Margin for Error" Victor Wolfson
writes his first real bad play. Robert
Ardrey, the playwright of promise.
writes Thunder Rock" for the Group
Theater and the group finds it can't
live on promises. Life With Father"
goes into the Empire Theater like a
bull in a music store. Breaks
records) Sidney Kingsley's THE
World We Make" discovers minority
support. Still no war play. Still no
play affected by war. Still no audi
ence demand for either.
December.
Paul MUM in Maxwell Anderson's
"Key Largo is WOW, but not for
enough customers This play was
written right out of world at war.
Frederick Lonsdale is serious minded
in Foreigners" and only the box
Office men weep with him. Paul
Osborn's Mornings at 7" is so
gentle, it puts the audience into
that sleepy time 7 am. mood. "Du
Barry Was a Lady" is dirty and
everybody eats it up. Paul Vincent
CAROLS Kindred" is a disap-
pointment.
January.
DR.. Gustav Eckstein's christmas
Eve" goes faster than the Christmas
trees. "The Male Animal" becomes
the best comedy of the season. Earl
Carroll brings something he refers
to as the "Vanities" all the way from
Hollywood and discovers he was
wasting carfare. Elmer Rice's 1.-TWO
on an Island" is q modest success.
February.
George Bernard Shaw's f1ftieth
play, Geneva" bores everybody ex-
cept the actors. John Barrymore
brings my Dear Children" in after
a fabulous run in the country, gets
himself, wife and girls talked about
on all the front pages, but finds
business not as good as it might be.
George Abbott puts on a drama this
time, THE Unconquered," and be-
gins to think this can't be his year.
Evening star., 1940-06-02
Hollywood Has the Time
And the Mood, but Lacks
The Talent for Comedy
AtLeast That's Valid Impression
AS Somber Drama Far Exceeds the
Lighter in Artistic Worth
By Jay Carmody.

all its reputation
certain laws which mortal accomplishment
chaf at them it its
rule
The specific rule currently Hollywood
good intentions invariably
Tightening worlds
comedies
unaocaed with the notion
their money
Worthy though the intent be- determined
realize it, the that the
Hollywood dramatic emphasizes
hearbreak in a world of
artistic, as
Bachelor
public probably enjoy
brief offered
however comedy the pad
both old formula
definitely melancholy, realistic drama
a Comedy,
Lacking
n o comedy, no a
exhibits
laughter
achieved far the bit
dakng OBen
which of their
terrifying selves
Buck Rides Again. II Was
musical ornamentaton
Irene" exhibits.
picture amusing enough asks only camera
radio with intervals duness
in spite it lightning
mentioned
playing the old Of three talented confidence people
Evening star., 1940-06-02

tables for part Of my tuition.
knowing very well that she would
never let me do such q thing.
To my surprise, she wrote back
agreeing with my offer and thank
ing me for my thoughtfulness. I
had to make good my boast.
In the summer of 1925, one year
before my graduation from Gushing,
my mother found a small New
Hampshire town called Peterbor-
ough, which had no portrait photog-
rapher. We moved there and mother
enrolled me in the Mariarden School
of Dancing under Roshanara, a
young English woman who had been
born and raised in India.
She changed my whole plan of life
I decided to become a dramatic
dancer" and worked very hard with
that future in mind. I might have
gone through with it, too, If Rosha-
nara had not died near the end of
the summer. So I changed my life's
plans again and went back to Cush-
irg to graduate.
After that mother insisted that
stay at home year to learn to keep
house. We lived in Newton, Mass,
that year. I'm afraid did half
hearted job of housekeeping, because
at the end of the year. when Bar
bara had been safely launched at
college. mother suddenly decided to
take me to New York to see Eva lie
Gallienne. wanted desperately to
study with her.
Never Admitted Defeat.
Miss LIE Gallienne's secretary
looked me over disapprovingly. She
seemed to resent the fact that my
mother had dressed me up for the
interview and that I hadn't read the
books she asked me about. She
seemed to be quite certain that Miss
LIE Gallienne would not approve OF
me, and she was right. Miss LIE
Gallienne had me read the part of
an old Dutch woman (standing there
Evening star., 1940-06-02

(See HEFFERNAN, Page