davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-02-25
Domestic Front

Authorization for American financial
aid to Finland is still making its tor.
tured way through Congress with House
yet to act on Senate-approved bill for
increased Export Import Bank lending
capital by which embattled Baltic nation
could obtain additional $4,000 900 for
non-mllitary purposes. House Commit
tee bloc effort to remove restrictions
from proposed loan was defeated.
But for Americans who desire to con-
tribute funds to Firms without strings
Herbert Hoover announced that special
any-purpose account is being handled
by his Relief Committee. And 5000 600
collected by Fighting Funds for Finn
land, Inc, was turned to Finn govern
ment her on Wednesday without quail
f1cation as to its use.
Disturbing to Congress and to State
Department were unofficial reports that
mail-riflers in Ber-
Censorship muda had seized at
BY boyonet? bayonet point mail
cargo of trans-At-
lantlc clipper. Lord Lothian, British
Ambassador dismissed it as "eyewash."
Maritime Commission sanctioned sale
OF eight United States Lines liners tn
Belgian interests, bringing to more than
100 American ships passing to foreign
reglstries since war began, and bringing
NaA Hermann Goering almost to apo
plexy in disapproval.
Evening star., 1940-02-25
French Empire-Is Second
Only to Thot Of Brituin

Steps now being taken to promote q
wartime cotton industry in Frances
North African colony OF Morocco recall
that French foreign possessions contrib
uted to the mother country during the
World War an estimated half million
soldiers and workers, as well as millions
Of tons of raw materials.
France rules over an empire which
is second only to that Of Great Britain" :"
points out the National Geographic So
ciety. Twenty times the size Of the
European nation, French dependencies,
possessions and mandates scattered over
the globe hold some 5000 900 people
In Africa, South America, the Near and
Far East. they constitute q treasure
chest Of war or peacetime supplies. Re-
sources Of the empire include coal, iron,
copper and oil, wheat, rice and fruits,
cotton and rubber-and vast reservoirs
Of man power"
Evening star., 1940-02-25

true or not, growing tension between
Britain and Russia makes it not unlikely
that such clash may soon occur.
That such q step would find approval
from at least one British public figure,
former War Min.
Britoin Urged ister Hore- Belisha.
To Fight Reds was made evident
on Friday when
he urged allied governments to intervene
directly, Immediately and aggressively
In Finnish Russian hostilities Con-
temptuously referring to Russia's might
as resting on insecure foundation" "
former war minister warned that present
Russ-Gerpan strategy IS to immobilize
allied strength and sap blockade by in
timidating neutral supply nations.
Also in line Of drawing blockade strings
tighter was allied decision to halt Ger
man coal shipments to Italy, vital to
industrial economy of Mediterranean
power.
In actual fighting at sea, Nazis scored
most conspicuous success of week in
sinking destroyer Daring. Built in 1892,
British naval vessel was one of fastest
Of navy fighters. Fourteenth combat ship
Of Royal Navy to be destroyed since war
broke. Daring went down from torpedo
wound with 157 officers and men aboard.
To Daring were added several belligerent
and neutral commercial vessels (among
them American-owned Dutch tanker),
victims of German mines or U-boats.
For their part, allied fleets claimed
destruction Of six Na1 subs in Today
period and boasted of seizure of two
ore-laden freighters attempting to reach
Reich ports.
Continuing to play potent parts In
warfare at sea, rival air fleets ranged
far and wide. Twice in
Air Bottles three days, black Ger
At Sea man bombers appeared
at various points along
British east coast-once soaring London
watchers into sounding air raid alarms
At least two Nazi planes were downed,
London claimed. to bring toll to about so
since last September.
Making less frequent sorties over en-
emy territory, Royal Air Force bombers
and fighting craft were reported over
Nad base at Helgoland on Wednesday,
bombing German naval squadron with
undtsclosed results. And on Thursday
night London air ministry claimed its
scouting planes had penetrated deep
into Bavarian-Austrian sections of pres
ert greater Reich.
Yesterday Nazi flyers were reported
over Paris.
Evening star., 1940-02-25
Battle Desperately Save Cumbng Monneem Line
edly had nearly 100000 Of this total bar
racked along Russian frontiers. Potential

edly had nearly 800 900 Of this total bar
racked along Russian frontiers. Potential
fighting strength Of
Turkey nation strategically
Under Arms straddled athwart two
continents is esti-
mated at about 100000. Conveniently
nearby, and growing weekly, is French
British force Of nearly 100000.
Well aware Of what may happen, Mos
COW last week recalled hundreds Of Soviet
technicians who have been employed in
Turk industries; on Thursday staged
blackout rehearsal at Baku.
Still In middle, Rumania jockeyed with
allies and Germany over disposition of
her valued oil production. Irked at
failure Of Balkan nation to ship promised
10000 tons of oil this month, Nazi gov
ernpent sent trade negotiators back to
bucharest for reckoning. At same time,
allies subtly regulated their commercial
dealings with Carols government in d.
rect relation to his response to Berlin.
Meanwhile. one-time playboy king.
whose diplomatic agility today would
shame the man on the flying trapeze.
speeded military preparations to bring l..
100000 men under
Crisis in arms by next FRIDAY
Rumonio What may become
appointments of peace
were being arranged today for Myron G.
Taylor, United States emissary to vati-
can, and Sumner Welles, Undersecretary
OF State. Due to land in Italy tonight,
former is expected to see Papal officials
within day or two: Mr.. Welles, after
hurried meeting with Italian officials. is
expected to hasten to Berlin for con.
situations directly with Der Fuehrer.
Adolf,
Evening star., 1940-02-25

continued active in other zones Of Baltic
hostilities.
On Tuesday Associated Press reported
that 800 Russ planes participated in
isthmus operations-frequently roaring
eastward to prompt AFRAID alarms in
Helsinki. And further north, in Petsamo
area, which has been quiet for weeks,
Soviet flyers also made spasmodic excur-
sions over Finnish communities.
Offshoot Of this Petsamo activity, per-
haps, was startling Soviet aerial attack
on Swedish frontier village of Pajala.
More than five miles inside borders of
non = belligerent
Reds Bomb country, Pajala
Swedes' Town was blasted late
Wednesday night
by more than 100 bombs launched from
Red squadron of seven planes. Advance
telephone warning from frontier was
credited with saving lives OF little towns
inhabitants as incendiary and explosive
missiles brought unexpected destruction
to most of community.
Bitterly indignant, Swedish govern
ment flung protest at Moscow, then gave
orders that Swedish anti-aircraft artil-
lery should fire without hesitation on any
military planes observed over their ter
ritory. Moscow explained by denying
raid ever happened.
Only two days earlier Sweden's gravely
dignifled King Gustav had met with his
cabinet, later made formal announcement
of his governments decision to refrain
from military intervention in Finland's
defense. Reported Under pressure from
both Moscow and Berlin to continue nom
belligerent status, Gustav reminded his
people and world that if Sweden were
drawn into war its ability to aid Finland
to present degree of equipment and VOL
unteers would be ended. From both his
tone and his words it was clear that aged
monarch's sympathies and hopes for
Finnish success were secondary only to
his wishes for peace for his own country.
With time their greatest enemy, British
speeded and increased their program for
Finnish assistance. Arriving in Finland
in recent days, London disclosed, were
40 odd Gladiator
British fighting planes. de-
Rush Arms scribed as one Of
latest and most ef-
fective types of combat ship-armed with
four machine guns and boasting speed
OF ESQ miles per hour. In addition,
British sources claimed following en-
route to Baltic combat zone: $50 anti
tank rifles, 10000 anti-tank mines, 50,-
600 hand grenades, 100 machine guns,
quantities of field artillery, ammunition
and four tanks.
AS for men, British volunteer detach-
Evening star., 1940-02-25
bAIA DISPUTE MAY BECOME CAMPAIGN ISSUE
Mor Political Quarrel Results Czech Shoe Establishes Plant in
Maryland; Foreign Instructors Pecpioe Trouble

The United States has been invaded
by an aggressive, self f-made Czech shoe
manufacturer named Jan Bata and one
result Of the invasion thus far is a major
political quarrel that may even develop
into fu!l-fledged campaign issue.
On one side are Senators and Repre-
sentatives from the New England shoe
States, organized shoe manufacturers
and organized shoe workers. On the
other side is the vast power of Bata's
international organization, the Baltimore
Association Of Commerce and Senator
Millard E. Tydings, Maryland Democrat.
Somewhere in the middle of this fight
Is the New Deal as represented by Set
retary of Labor Frances Perkins.
At the urgent insistence of Senator
Tydings, whose law partner, Maj. Robert
Archer, represented Bata, the Depart
ment OF Labor in June of last year
granted the company permission to bring
In 100 Instructors" who were to teach
young workers recruited out of Mary
land high schools the Bata methods Of
shoe manufacture. Construction of the
first factory units had already begun at
Bel Camp about Is miles north of Balti-
more. In the summer and the fall u
instructors" were brought in along with
Bata machines from Poland and Ger
many.
Beginning of Trouble.
That was the beginning of trouble.
The United Shoe Workers, backed up by
members Of Congress, charged that the
instructors" were doing jobs an Ameri-
can worker could do equally well. An
investigation was demanded to show why
the permit had been granted at all.
Finally the Labor Department reversed
its previous ruling and ordered Bata to
reduce the number of Instructors" to
10. This was amended later to permit
Is other foreigners to work in the execu-
tive division of the company The
unions also brought charges under the
wage and hour law and lengthy report
on conditions In the Bel Camp plant is
now being studied by the Wage and Hour
Administration here. A wide demand
for public hearing may make it pos
sible to air all these charges and
countercharges.
Mr.. Bata is, Of course, bitter at
the delay in his well-laid plans. In re-
cent interviews he has said that he
had been assured no obstacles would
be put in his way If he established a
plant in this country. At Bel Camp the
inquirer is told that production has
been greatly curtailed. OF the $50
workers who had been employed, more
than $50 have been laid of. And these
were American workers, one is told
by the guide. Meanwhile, construction
work goes on unabated on tract of
400 acres Of Maryland farm land. One
production unit, built Of glass and con-
crete after standardized pattern, Is
completed. A similar unit to house the
administrative Offices of the whole Bata
system throughout the world, according
to Mr.. Bata's aides, Is also finished.
Two more production units are under
construction. The announced plan was
to employ up to 2,ooo workers before
Evening star., 1940-02-25
Taylor
Continued From Page C-1.)

a silent" financier. Yet because of his
reorganizing genius, the heavy cotton
fabric industry was far different when
he left than when he entered it.
When Judge Gary died in 1927, he was
called from retirement to reorganize U.
S. Steel. He stayed 10 years. He saved
the corporation from depression by
hquidating the funded debt of $340, ,000,-
600 and eliminating millions of dollars in
interest charges. Then he streamlined
it for the future, putting it into shape
to compete with producers of light as
well as heavy steel.
This man could get results. So when
he offered his services in 1888, President
Roosevelt snatched him up to head the
Evian Conference on Political Refugees.
When he got results there, he was an
obvious choice for the peace ambassador
ship to the Vatican. He has lived in
Florence several months each year for
Is years. He knew the Pope when his
holiness was Cardinal Pacelli; he enter
tanned him at tea when the cardinal
was in New York in 1896. He has had
several private audiences with Mussolini.
He was president of the Italian -Ameri-
can Society. He played q sufficiently
large role In Italian social life to play
host to the Presidents mother when she
visited Italy in 1897.
In Italy, he will continue his work on
the refugee problem, which his friends
say he is convinced must be solved as
part of the next peace pact If peace Is
to be lasting.
His appointment as Ambassador to the
Vatican has been criticized by some re-
ngious denominations on the grounds
that 1t violates the American spirit Of
separation Of church and state It has
been supported by others as symbol Of
American democracy.
For this new emissary to the Catholic
Church Is an Episcopalian, from 4
Quaker family, who was recently deco
rated by the Jews as Americas leading
contributor in 1899 to the cause Of better
understanding between peoples Of dif-
fering faiths.
Evening star., 1940-02-25

valllng wage, which enabled him to un-
dersell his Dutch competitors. Mr.. Batat
representative denied these statements.
maintaining that Mr. Bata increased
employment in the Netherlands by
manufacturing products that had pre-
viously been imported.
In Poland the shoe industry was re-
ported to have been upset when a Bata
subsidiary was established at Krakow.
Mr.. Bata has the largest chain of retail
stores in Sweden but no factory there.
In Switzerland his invasion precipitated
successful effort to have the govern
ment bar the establishment of new shoe
factories or the extension of existing
ones.
The reason for much of the opposition
to Mr.. Bata is the fact that all indus
trial nations have plants and machines
to produce more shoes than can be sold
at current economic levels Mr.. Bata's
success in this country, it is argued,
would mean bankruptcy of marginal and
submarginal manufacturers almost at
once. At the same time his sponsors
argue that his methods make it possible
to bring down shoe prices so that more
and more people can buy more and more
shoes. In remote parts of the world
people who have gone barefoot always
now have Mr.. Bata's handiwork on their
feet. There are large Bata plants In
China, India, Yugoslavia and the Dutch
East Indies.
Mrs. Rogers Leader in Fight.
leader in the fight on Bata in this
country has been Representative Edith
Nourse Rogers of Massachusetts, She
charged on the floor of the House re-
Gently that not only 72 of the 100 Czechs
covered by the permit had entered the
United States but that others had come
In under one pretext or another.
Coming to the aid Of Mr.. Bata In the
House were Representatives Karl Stefan,
Nebraska Republican, himself Of Czech
descent, and William P. Cole, jr, Mary
land Democrat, in whose district the new
industry is located
Meanwhile at Bel Camp the Czech ex-
ecutives shake their heads disconsolately,
complaining Of the delays and confusion
that have resulted from the Department
Of Labor reversal. Mr.. Bata himself
strides along the raw, newly cut road, a
vigorous figure in well-cut tweeds. The
only conveyor belt units now in opera
ton are manned by boys and girls out
Of Aberdeen and Havre de Grace high
schools, green appearing youngsters, who
work under the eyes of Czech experts.
The new industry has enlisted consid-
cradle support in the Bel Camp region.
Petitions have been signed locally pro-
testing against the action Of the Depart
ment of Labor.
Considerable pressure Is being brought
to persuade Secretary Perkins to change
the stand Of the immigration Division
once again and allow the instructors" to
60 back to work. The indication from the
Department Of Labor Is that there will bs
no change. Mr.. Bata's attorneys hint
that legal action may compel change.
Certainly there Is no evidence that the
stalwart Czech invader n prepared 3
surrender.
Evening star., 1940-02-25

community Of interest that probably does
not exist with equal force as between
any two other countries in the world.
I'VE are in a unique degree dependent
on the continued existence OF" Great
Britain as q great power I believe
that the future and the fortunes Of
Australia are bound up indissolubly with
those of Great Britain, and that is why
I say I am an imperialist as we'll as an
Australian"
However, in recent years Australia has
launched domestic economic policy Of
self -sufficiency, which tends to reduce
the strength of the dependence on Brit
ain.
Industrial Expansion.
Australia, with population of 7,000,-
900, is encouraging new tide of inn
migration as it pushes industrial ex.
pansion. The commonwealth aim is to
provide all its industrial needs for its
homes, its farms and its defense. The
period Of European rearmament, which
was prelude to the war, saw Australia
develop munitions factories, and now
she makes airplanes, airplane motors,
guns, ammunition and powder. She is
also making rolling stock and automo-
bile parts, and by 1941 she will be able
to make complete automobile. Most
of her cars she now imports from the
United States and Canada.
Australia has 10000 troops in the
Anzac army on the eastern front, but
100000 more troops are available for the
defense Of Australia. In her navy are
only two 10,000-ton cruisers, three 1000
ton cruisers, one 5000-ton cruiser, two
escort vessels, one hotilla leader, four
destroyers and several miscellaneous
vessels. Less than 1000 miles away is
Japan. which is already feared in the
Dutch East Indies-Australia's northern
neighbors. When the Philippines are
freed, what will it mean in regard to
Japanese-Australian relations? This is
one question which probably will occupy
the new ministers in Washington and
Canberra in their relations with the
governments to which they are assigned.
Evening star., 1940-02-25

tion and Oslo worried impotently over
what either belligerent group might do
next to her neutrality, Britain's Cham
berlain remarked proudly that his gov
ernment had no apologies to make for
"an admirably conducted operation"
And going considerable step further,
French-British spokesmen joined in
declaration Of unmistakable meaning
that allied navies would take all meas
ures to insure the
Allied Blockade maintenance Of
or Norwov peace in Norwe-
gian waters"-in
other words, that their blockade meas
ures will be extended to halt German
Evening star., 1940-02-25
By Blair BoHes.

The British government accorded rec
ognition in May, 1887, of the importance
automatically of Australia to the United
States by creating the office of Aus
tralian Counselor at the British EN-
bassy here. Keith Officer, the Aus
tralian counselor, becomes now Coun-
selor of Legation) But the American
State Department (although it increased
the importance of our Consul General
in Sidney still considered London
the normal channel for dealing with
Australian matters. This dealing took
a long circuitous way-the State Depart
ment to the American Embassy in Lon
don to the British foreign ONCE to the
British dominions Office to Australia
house in London to the Australian fed
eral government.
An Australian point of view which
Premier Menzies at least partially re-
fleets in his successful negotiation for
the opening of formal diplomatic inter-
course with the United States was ex-
pressed two years ago at session of
the Australian Institute of Political Sci
ence. There Mr. H. L. Harris of Sgd
ney, the leading Australian city, OBJ
served:
I'm the field of external affairs Aus
tralia must hammer out its own set Of
interests. We have to appreciate what
they are to the fullest. We have to
remember that though we are linked
up by history and tradition to Great
Britain and Europe, we are a pacific
country, that we have great and growing
ties with Japan and the United States.
Casey's Conservative Position.
"We must watch the Philippines. We
must watch developments in the Pacific.
And remember always that our future
is in the Pacific resolute when
ever bargaining comes about in the
wider field of external relations that we
will seek out and determine to give the
greatest possible weight to Australian
interests"
At the time when Mr.. Harris spoke,
Minister Casey took the conserva-
tive position that Australia's interests
had deep weight with the British gov
ernment and that British foreign policy
adequately provided for Australia's needs
in a foreign policy. The view that
Mr.. Casey held in 1898 still has its ad-
herents in Australia. At the other end
of the scale are advocates Of q
greater autonomy, favoring outright
treaty relations for Australia with other
Pacific nations calling for mutual aid
in times Of need, or at least for mutual
subscription to promises Of non-aggres-
sion in the Pacific area.
While Australia loosens the political
ties that bind her to England, she still
is close to the British Isles economically
and culturally. More than SO per cent
Of her import and export trade is with
nations and colonies that compose the
British Commonwealth Of Nations. And
most Of her general newspaper informa-
ton about what goes on in the world is
sent to her from England.
Between Australia and Great Brit
ain," Minister. Casey said at the Insti-
tute Of Political Science, there Il .
Evening star., 1940-02-25
AUSTRALIA SETS UP LISTENING POST IN u. S.
Island Government Wary japan f Washington
to Become Country

The arrival here of an Australian Min
lister puts new light on the coming
struggle for power in the Pacific.
Australia is apprehensive about the
possibilities of Japanese strike south
ward from her present seat of imperial
istic operations on the Asian Continent.
London, to which Australia is bound by
Its membership in the British Common
wealth of Nations, is so occupied with
affairs in Europe that it finds it impos-
sible to be assertive in Eastern Asia.
The United States, on the other hand,
has pursued consistent diplomacy with
Japan, demanding observance of the
Nine-Power Treaty, putting what po-
itical obstacles it could in the way of
Japanese Asian aggression. Australia
is interested in making friends in quar-
ters where her own fears will be appre-
ciated
Australian thought holds two general
notions about Japan-the first, that
Japan's onward march should be stopped
on the ground that the Toxic govern
ment violates the status quo established
In China and the Far East by Europe
and America; the second, that Japan
should be appeased by European and
American agreement to change in the
status quo. Beyond this wariness of
Japan there are other motives behind
the decision of the Australian federal
government to open legation here and
to send Minister.
Australia feels herself a nation, even
though she remains British dominion,
symbols abroad of a nation. She wants
to develop her own foreign policy to
meet her own particular needs, which
are needs peculiar to a large Pacific
country, $4,000 miles from London, 1000
miles from the United States.
And she wants direct information
about what is going on in the world and
what is likely to 60 on in the world.
The new Australian Legation at 1911
Twenty y-fourth street will be reporto-
rial headquarters, supplying news to the
Australian foreign Office which before
1t could get only in driblets from London.
Gauss Moving Spirit.
Richard G. Casey, the first Australian
Minister, arrived here Tuesday. Within
q month or so, Clarence Gauss, now the
Consul General at Shanghai, will reach
Canberra, the Australian capital, as the
first United States Minister in the land
Down Under" The chief spirit behind
this ministerial exchange is Robert Cor
don Menzies, the Australian prime min
lister. who called Tor diplomatic rela-
tions last summer when he took Office.
Months ago Mr.. Menzies' government
sent high commissioner to Canada,
an official who is accorded the rank
of minister when the question of
protocol arises.
The United States Government values
the Australian move as strengthen
ing Of its own relations with Japan as
well as on the score of the general value
of amiable relations with all countries
especially those whose international
political interests lie in the same sphere
and from the viewpoint of ease in in
ternational dealings.