davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-15
Swiss Seen Spared So Far
BY Control of Alpine Passes
Clue to Hitler 'Hunds-off Policy
Pointed Out in Speech by Col. Frey

extraordinarily dimcult and limited.
It Is true that the French COL
lapse has changed Switzerland's
situation, and compelled . shift in
the national defense form the from
tiers to- the central mass of high
mountains. But whatever the sacri-
fees entailed in this shift, only the
outcome Of the war can ultimately
decide the fate of all the cantons.
From this point Of view, the stra-
tegical position of the country has
not decisively changed. Switzer-
lands position As the guardian Of
the Alpine passes is As strong as it
ever was, provided the Swiss are
prepared to go the limit in their
defense, and are strong enough for
the role.
Defense Means ut Hand.
Are the Swiss strong enough?
When France collapsed, many Swiss
began to doubt whether their coun-
try could hope to Withstand 4 blitz-
krieg. But Switzerland, In the
speakers opinion, possesses the nee
essary means to do 80, provided 1t
profits by them.
In the first place. Col. Frey does
not believe that victory or defeat
in war is primarily 4 matter Of
numbers or ornaments. He cited
several cases in which armies in
ferior in numbers have prevailed.
Nor is the amount Of material
decisive. The French ut Cambria
in 1917 attacked by surprise with
great number of tanks, yet did
not win a decisive victory. Nor did
the Germans owe their 1910 victory
over the French exclusively to tanks.
Decisive for success in war are
the soldierly qualities OF officers
and men. discipline and order, the
fighting spirit. the capacity to take
it," readiness to die-in short,
morale. Superior morale was decis-
i've in giving the Germans victory
over the French.
The horror Of the last war literally
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-15

loses. by the fact Of IL fighting Il
viii have staked out . claim on flls
ture independence. National 70.
nunciation now means Remuneration
forever.
Col. Frey concluded his lectme
with the sentence:
Switzerland. must defend ttoeH
both in order to keep its self-respect
and through . sense Of responsibility
for coming generations"
Military men in Washington who
have read the Colonel's words are
wondering whether Adolf Hitler win
care to send his Nazis against Q
people that really prefers physical
humiliation to surrender.
(copyrisht, 1910. Chicaso Daily News. ynsJ
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-15
By the Associated Press.


TOPEKA, Kans., Nov. IS
Therell be three Thanksgiving days
in Kansas this year.
November 81, the Roosevelt
: Thanksgiving
November %, the Kansas Thanks
giving.
And, somewhere in between, the
day Kansans learn who will be
Governor the next two years. Some
will be more thankful than others
that day.
Here it Is 10 days after the cleo
ton and no one knows whether Re-
publican Gov. Payne Rather or w.
H. Burke, Democrat, was elected. It
may be 10 days more before the
riddle is solved.
The result turns on TOO absentee
ballots in the secretary Of states
ofice. How important these are
may be judged from the fact each
party has watchers watching the
vaults and watchers watching the
watchers.
Right now, on the basis Of ON
4cial totals from 104 of the los
counties, Mr.. Burke has 1,805 lead.
Four years ago when there were
60l4 out-State mail votes, the Re-
publican nominee, who was defeated,
received 1853 edge.
That's an indication OF how close
1t may be.
1t has kept not only Gov. Rather
md NJ BURKE. chewing thar. nails,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-15

ing worried about the damage to
their property: shaken In their mo-
rale BY tanks and air bombardments,
the Dutch surrendered with . death
list Of only z, Seo-less than the Swiss
army lost from grippe In the cpl
desnic Of 1918.
Prom this, Col. Frey argues that
Switzerland can resist II it has the
pluck. IF every Swiss citizen places
love Of country above love OF money
and Of property, then We need fear
nothing" Everyone who denies the
value Of national resistance on COM
mercial grounds should be branded
. defeatist.
For even II Switzerland fights and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-15

self -conlldencs. Switzerland = sim
in grave danger. The Swiss must
look facts in the face. Numbers
are one military factor; equipment
il another. The Swiss equipment
Is excellent. The Swiss terrain gives
small opportunity for vast tank
o6ensives and its steep mountains
and deep valleys detract much from
the effectiveness Of the air arm.
Tanks and airplanes can have only
. limited effect against Switzerland.
Moral results are greater than
material damage. The Dutch army
surrendered on the fourth day Of the
war, not because 1t was physically
exhausted but because it was meg-
ally bankrupt.
Accustomed 10 Commercial think.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-15
Lord Lothi0n's Broadcast
British Ambassador Sends to Americans
His Reaction to TotuI War in Britain

cause of the constant bombing from
the air. This calmness, this quiet
resolution Is due to the universal
conviction that life would not be
worth living if Hitler and his Ges-
tapo were to conquer us.
1t is Que to the feeling that free
dom may disappear everywhere If
Britain were to finch and fail in
the struggle.
Hitlerism at bottom is the Use Of
utterly ruthless brutality and vio-
lence to stun and intimidate others
into submission to the Nazi will
So long as the issue is resistance"
to the domination of this Hitlerism.
there will be no weakening, no talk
Of compromise here. Fighting for
our independence is preferable and
nobler than the living death Of
mental and physical slavery.
Grateful to Americans.
In this battle my countrymen are
very grateful for the immense and
growing Eclp you have given, espe-
cially for the relief Of suffering, for
ambu1ances. canteens. mobile kitch-
ems, clothes, food and medical sup
plies. They are grateful to the many
Americans who are over here Tight
ing or helping in other ways.
But we also need planes, finance
and ships If we are to be sure of de-
feating the Nazi threat to liberty.
The next year of the war may be as
dangerous, perhaps more dangerous,
both to us and to you. than the last.
Without adequate assistance from
you we cannot be sure of victory
With such assistance we have no
doubt wins tever that the Nazi threat
to the freedom Of mankind will be
decisively defeated.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-15

were always thinking q attack even
during temporary defeats: they had
no Aaginot Line complex. They
had not overestimated the value
Of technical means and underesti-
mated the value Of the human
element.
Unlike the French in 1910. the
new German army preserved the
old military tradition while modern
izing its tools. The conceptions Of
military honor, Of duty. Of order
and Of discipline were preserved.
The Germans won, not because they
had the better war machines, but
because their machines were manned
by better soldiers.
Such considerations, Col. Frey
said, should be the basis for Swiss
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-15
WASHINGTON FRIDAY.

could defend themselves without
undergoing terrors Of war. When
the Germans went around the
Maginot Line, and the French
army was compelled to meet the
Germans in the open field, with no
shelter. then the French morale
cracked. A large portion of the
French people, Of the army and Of
the army leaders were no longer
morally and spiritually capable Of
fighting any war.
This years blitzkreig really came
no faster than the German invasion
OF 1914. But In 1914 the French
soldier was equal to his task Of
dying for his country. TN 1910,
the average man was no longer 4
soldier" Jofire, Foch and Galieni
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-15

made large groups Of people every
where incapable Of undergoing
another such struggle. Unfortun-
ately, the time had not yet come
when war could be banned from
human history, while such hope
renders the citizens incapable even
Of q defensive war.
Position Theory Exploded.
The British and French military
specialists drew the wrong con-
sequences from their victory Of 1918.
They believed in . war of position.
Hence the creation of the Maginot
Line, one Of the chief factors In the
French defeat. For the French
people were encouraged to believe
that, behind their fortress, they
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-15
Barber Invents Trup
To Eliminate the Ant
BY the Associated Press.

BY The Associated Press.
LOS ANGELES. Nov. 15-A Los
Angeles barber, j. r. Polizzi, has
invented trap which he says can
eliminate the ant It uses candy
for bait.
Mr.. Polizzi brought his contrap-
ton. which he said costs only few
cents to manufacture, to local head
quarters of Inventors of America.
which holds its annual convention
here next month. With 1t he
brought a 1-gallon jar of ants, cap
tured by his trap.
1t proved one thing, at any rate.
There are 100000 ants to the
gallon.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-15
Kunsuns Still Don't Know
Who's Their Next Governor

but also hundreds OF State employees
and would-be employees.
Governorship races often are close
in Kansas, where election laws per-
NIT Kansans out Of the State to
east absentee ballots and allow 10
days for the votes to reach Topeka.
That's today. Then the counting
starts.
In 1880, Harry Woodring, a Demo-
crat who later became Secretary Of
War, was elected by al votes.
Close? Say, back in 1912 Arthur
Capper, now United States Senator,
lost to George H. Hodges, Democrat,
by 70 votes!
It takes the football nerves of q
Minnesota opponent and the pa
thence Of q Yale fan to be in Kansas
politics.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-15
}. B. Weeks Dies, Headed
Keystone Auto Club
By the Associated Press,

BY the Associated Press.
PHILADELPHIA, Nov. 15.-A long
illness took the life yesterday of
j. Borton Weeks, 80, president of
the Keystone Automobile Club and
the American Motorist Association.
Since Mr.. Weeks became president
of the Keystone Club in 1920 the
membership increased from 1000 to
10000.
Evening star., 1940-05-10
Real Estate Tax Boost
Opposed by Citizens

The American University Park
Citizens Association last night op-
posed any increase in the real estate
tax rate. members maintaining that
the levy has more than q fair share
OF the tax burden at present. The
resolution was offered by Vincent
B. Smith.
The association again went on
record urging construction Of an
elementary school In the community.
The Highway Department will be
requested to install sidewalks on
Massachusetts, avenue between Ward
Circle and Forty-ninth street NV.
It was pointed out that pedestrians
must walk In the heavily trafncked
thoroughfare llnce there are at pres
ent no Sidewalk facilities.
Talks were presented by Culver
Chamberlain of the Board Of Zoning
Adjustment, Mrs. Mary Steel Ross
Of the District Work Projects Adj
ministration and "A. r. Pilkerton.
chairman Of the associations Special
Taxation Committee.
The group voted to sponsor q
baseball club for boys under u years
OF age and q tennis team. Tho
Recreation Committee was author.
lied to lay plans for . Fourth Of
July celebration 10 b held In Fort
Baird Park.
Evening star., 1940-05-10
Finnish War Orphan
Committee Formed

Organized yesterday at the resi-
dence of the Finnish Minister and
Mrs. Hjalmar j. Procope, the Amer
ican Committee for Finnish War
Orphans today launched a Nation
wide program designed to raise
funds for care of 10000 to 10000
Finnish children whose homes were
broken up by the Russian invasion.
Mrs. Robert Low Bacon was
elected chairman, Mrs. Emil Hurja
vice chairman and Mrs. Procope was
named on the Executive Committee.
The committee is to cooperate with
existing organizations raising funds
for reconstruction and rehabiita-
ton of Finland.
Care Of the children viii be
through individuals or groups, with
the benefactors providing money ac-
cording to the length of the period
of care, for one year or for duration
of education. A committee in Hell
sinki is to supervise distribution OF
the funds. and contacts between
children and their foster parents"
are to be established by letters and
photographs.
Selection of the children, accord
ing to a cable from Robert Maverick,
American representative for relief
work In Finland, will be made from
the Mannerheim Welfare Divisions
list. This list is Of $4,000 children
of war dead or war crippled which.
with those of evacuees and others
requiring at least some degree Of
assistance, number 10000.
Those wishing to participate in
the program may communicate with
the committee In care of the Finnish
Legation here.
Evening star., 1940-05-10
Ballet Dancer, II, Is Barred
From D. C. Stage by Age Law
Aleen Buchunun
Expects to Rejoin
Show in New York

A 17-year-old Washington ballet
dancer must watch an understudy
take her part in Louisiana Pur-
chase" at the National Theater to-
night and tomorrow night because Of
the District child labor law pro-
hibiting girls under 10 from partici-
patton in professional performances
after Z pm.
The law descended on Miss Aleen
Stuart Buchanan Of 21l5 Bancroft
place NV. last night as she pre-
pared to 60 on the stage for the
nth Of eight performances sched-
uled here this week. Thanks to q
matinee Saturday. Miss Buchanan
Will miss only three performances.
And when the show opens In New
York Miss Buchanan expects again
to be full-time member Of the six
girl ballet group supporting Zorina,
since New York's law is more lenient
than the local regulation.
Born In Newport, n. T., Miss
Buchanan and her two sisters were
brought to Washington and enrolled
In the Convent Of the Sacred Heart
shortly after their father, Capt.
Richard Bell Buchanan Of the
Marine Corps, was killed In Mica
ragua In 1895. She began studying
tho dance under Nine. Dassilief ct
the age Of 3, and later studied under
Lisa Gardner here and ut the
American School Of the Ballet In
New York. Her nrst show was
Ihs Streets of Paris" which had
Evening star., 1940-05-10

Race track lingo came to the fore
in Police Court this morning and
before the tumult and shouting died
it cost Municipal Court Judge Rob-
ert e. Mattingly 10 cents for q "sure-
fire tip" on tomorrow's Preakness
winner at Pimlico.
The tumult was the laughter Of
spectators in the court room as
Judge Mattingly and John Carroll,
about so, former jockey. shouted
questions and answers at each other,
due to Defendant CAROLS deafness.
Judge Mattingly is assisting with
Police Court cases in the absence Of
Judge Walter j. Casey.
Arrested last night at Fourteenth
street and Pennsylvania avenue
NV. by Pvt. Donald E. Ney Of the
trafiic division, Carroll was ar
raigned on = charge Of drunkenness.
He pleaded guilty.
Evening star., 1940-05-10
D. {. Man, Two Others,
Die in Virginia Crash

A Washingtonion identified by his
drivers permit as Clarence H. Eaton,
%, was among three young men
killed last night in an automobile
collision about q mile south of
Staunton, Va, the Associated Press
reported.
Mr.. Eaton could not be immedi-
ate1y identified here.
The others killed were Olin Mid
dleton, 80, and Earl Middleton, 20,
brothers, of Augusta County, Va.
Eugene Watts of Roanoke was said
to have escaped with minor injuries.
Mr.. Eaton was killed instantly.
Earl Middleton died In q Staunton
hospital last midnight and his
brother died early today. The acci-
dent occurred about 8 O'Clock. Mr..
Watts was said to have been In the
car with Mr.. Eaton.
Evening star., 1940-05-10
Judge Gets Race Tip for Dime
In Sentencing OIdtime Jockey

Informed that the defendant was
q former jockey, the jurist inquired: :.
"Eow do You Ike Bimelech tomor-
row."
IT don't, your honor. I like Dit,
was the reply. "And II It's muddy
It'll be Dit or Pictor. But don't bet
on Bilnmy."
The short, wizened, bald-headed
prisoner then told Judge Mattingly
that If the court would take his
personal bond II won't get drunk
for 60 days."
I'm sure you won't" the Judge
shouted. Fifty dollars 60 days
After being lodged In cell Car-
roll wrote . note to Judge Mat
tingly, which was delivered to him
on the bench by Z balliH. It read:
Can you spare 10 cents? want to
write two letters to get my $50 dne
paid. I viii repay you"
The Judge did.
Evening star., 1940-05-10
Committee Heeds
Warning on Critical
D. T.. Water Situation
Senate Appropriations
Unit Backs Engineer
On Starting Expansion

Senate hearings on the 194l local
supply bill, just available, show chat
Army engineers warned Congress of
risks involved in postponing the
preliminary plans for a $4,000 900
enlargement of the District water
supply system, even though the
project is not scheduled for COM
pletion before 1850.
The Senate Appropriations Com
mittee needed the warning by re-
storing to the bill 10000 the House
had eliminated to begin plans and
Surveys.
Col. Robert S. Thomas, United
States district engineer, told Sem
ator Overton's District Subcommit-
tee that New York City is going
through a campaign of saving water"
because it did not start soon enough
to plan an enlarged supply.
Two Plans for Consideration.
One Of the main questions to be
determined in preliminary studies
here. Col. Thomas testified, is
whether to plan another conduit
from Great Falls that would bring
the added supply in by gravity on
a large initial investment and low
annual maintenance cost, or build
pumping plant at Little Falls and
pump water into filters on smaller
initial outlay, but a higher annual
operating cost.
Asked by Senator Overton when
the additional supply will be re-
quired, Col. Thomas testified:
"At the present time, the peak
demand has practically reached the
capacity of our filters for sustained
delivery. Now, on some hot days in
July or August there might be .
demand for water that exceeds what
our filters can put out over q period
of time; but at the present time
for one day, or for few hours, we
can overcrowd the filtration plants.
Critical by 1914.
But by 1914 the situation is going
to become more critical, and from
1914 on until We establish an addi-
tional filtration plant, or increase
the filtration capacity, the situation
will become more and more critical
on days when peak demands will
occur, so that by 1850 something
should have been done and
completed"
Col. Thomas presented state
ment showing that it will take two
years for preliminary investigation,
estimates and report; two more
years for preparation Of detailed
construction specifications to begin
work under contracts, four years for
construction of conduits and
treatment facilities, and one year
for completion Of miscellaneous fea-
lures and for operating tests. This
schedule of progress was based on
the assumption no legislative delays
were encountered.
Evening star., 1940-05-10
Court Averts
.916 Evictions
Here in Month
40 Pct. Increase
In Stays Reported
Under New Rules

Judge Nathan Cayton today cred-
tied an informal procedure and
simplified form of notice, adopted
In all branches Of Municipal Court,
with saving nearly 1000 Washington
families from eviction last month.
In q report to Attorney General
Jackson giving the first monthly
summary Of the landlord tenant
tribunal since the new procedure
was adopted, Judge Cayton said
stays of execution were granted in
916 cases. This was 40 per cent
increase over stays granted in cor
responding periods.
Under the old rules, a tenant could
not fight an eviction suit unless he
filed formal affidavit of defense.
This entailed costs of hiring counsel
to prepare the affidavit and notary
public fees, which many INDECENT
tenants could not pay.
Merely Explains Case.
At present, the tenant no longer
goes to that expense. He merely
appears before the court and ex-
plains his case, Judge Cayton said.
A simplified form Of notice sent
to all tenants sued for eviction has
aided greatly in adjustment Of
cases, the report said. The old no.
tice read: "The President of the
United States to the defendant,
greetings: You are hereby sum.
moned to appear in this court to
answer the plaintiffs complaint and
show cause why judgment should
not be given against you for the
restitution Of the possession Of the
premises described in the complaint
under oath filed herein by said
plaintiff and In case of your failure
so to appear and answer, judgment
will be given against you by default"
The new notice reads: "You are
hereby notified that the plaintiff has
made a claim for possession Of your
premises. If you have witnesses,
books, receipts, you should bring
them with you at the time Of the
hearing. If you admit the claim,
but desire additional time to pay,
you should come to court and state
tliC CuCul1lobdAlCCo. 1OO may VOAAAV
with or without q lawyer"
Procedure Expanded.
The new procedure was first tried
out in the Small Claims Branch Of
Municipal Court. Such encourag.
ing results were obtained that the
judges recently approved expansion
to all branches.
Judge Cayton reported that 4,429
cases were on the assignment in the
month of April, one of the highest
figures for any month. OF these.
judgments for possession were en-.
tered in 3,407 cases, he added.
Twelve cases were settled without
trial last month, Judge Cayton said
in reviewing q new conciliation pro-
cedure in the landlord-tenant
branch.
This figure" he added, will sub.
stantially increase as the technique
of our Small Claims Branch comes
to be applied more and more to
these cases and as more time can
be devoted to the work."
Evening star., 1940-05-10
Husband Granted Divorce

ROCKVILLE, Nd, May 10 (Spe-
ciaD Judge Stedman Prescott has
signed q decree In the Circuit Court
here granting to Ellis Leroy Chap
man Of Rockville an absolute divorce
from Mrs, Ha1elle Carman Chap
man. Il was charged that the
plaintiff was deserted In june. 1875.
According to the petition the cou-
pie was married in 1920 and has no
children.