davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-23

INDUSTRY ana produCuon nave oreh
speeded up. through the double
incentive Of II Duce's self-suffi-
cheney program and the Unsuitable
demand of the belligerents for
manufactured goods.
Expenses Heavy
Another shot in the arm came
from extraordinary appropriations
for military expenditures.
Since Sept. 1 five large ocean
going submarines have been
launched. A 35.000-ton battleship
has been completed and another
launched.
Il was announced Nov. % that
1o2 merchant ships had been re-
Questioned as mine sweepers.
Those and other military expenses
have caused the largest military
budget in Italy's history.
Accords Signed
Nine year. five per cent treasury
bonds were floated Feb. Is to meet
the budget deficiency.
A two per cent turnover tax,
also initiated in February. is ex-
pected to bring in big revenue.
During the war Italy has signed
trade treaties with France. Ger
many and Turkey, and commercial
accords with Rumania and Hun
gary.
Since the beginning Of the war,
the amusement of the people has
been affected only slightly.
Order Cancelled
In the first few weeks OF hos
tilities all night clubs. dance halls,
bars and theaters were closed at
IL p. m. and dancing in public
places was prohibited, but the
order was cancelled and the cur
few extended to a. m. before the
end of December.
The tourist trade in Italy has
suffered heavily as result or the
war. Two of the biggest spenders
used to be Americans and British,
with the French a poor third.
Tourists Are Scarce
The action Of the state depart
ment in calling in all American
passports has prevented Ameri-
cans from coming to Italy unless
they have good business reasons.
The British and French have
mostly gone home to do their bit
towards winning the war.
At the same time hotels are
filled, not by tourists but by COM
mercial. military, naval and avia'
ton missions from abroad.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-23
P. /. Freedom
Debate Hotter

MANILA. y. 1.-The question ~
rhlllppsns Independents N ipss ~
provided ~ shs Tysilnxs hctuffss
act. u aehstea mere ~ssi<iy ~
F1lipsnes testay Than ~ any time
IN the 20 years. ths American fisx
has flown ever the isisnsts
Commonwealth President Nan.
asi /. Queson's latest remssks 90
the suej.<t provided encourage
msnt 10 hoth pfoponsnss and cp-
ponents ef enmplvss insulsF FREE.
dam ain years hence. hoth factions
are using excerpts from osesen's
remarks 10 bolster their arguments
for and against Fiiipines casting
themselves adfsft fFem To stfang
military prosectsaa And rich duty.
free market 90 the united States.
The president u sqaAreiy for
freedom IN ists.~ asserted The
Philippine. Daily Herald Every
body residing In this country. S1li-
psno. American 90 foreigner. might
a. well svs u~~d 10 the idea that
the Philippines viii become snds.
pendent In iess.s
Tho American o~ns<f Manila
Daily Bulletin slded with Filipino
advocates of re.exsmlnlnK the In.
dependence question In finding .
ray Of hope In oassans statement.
The question for IN 10 decide u
whether because ~ The uncertainty
Of the future Of small nations. Ne
should abandon the idea 81 becom.
ing independent"
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-23

Bankruptcy petitions ~srs filed
In federal district court here Fri
day by Irving A. Stevens. Ho-
GUAM factory worker. listing
liabilities Of s73i+0 and assets Of
$3.50, claimed exempt: Arnold ~
Foss. b271 No. Attn at. Tacoma
smelter worker. liabilities ss5s.7t.
assets $40. exempt: Roland l.
Freeman. cosmopoiis logger. liza
hiiities Sf.s4i. aassts $500. ex-
empt. Virgil ". Hawkins. logging
railroad brakeman of Msibourne.
liabilities si.07o. assets none
Edgar J. Gu. ElmA Iaborer. ha-
bllitiss t4si.z7. assets ts4o. en-
empt
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-23
Longvisw Manager
Continues On Stand

Robert frofhercs. fnnE~icw
plant manager. continued his iesti-
mony Friday before = jury In fed.
sral district court here IN connect
ton with figures established ~ 10
cost Of reproduction cf the wash
ington Gas a Electrical Co. dis.
tribution system In the condemn
alton suit % Public utiiity district
No. of cowiltx county.
Preiheree. company witness.
was giving jurors detailed inform
alton an TO how he arrived II the
figure az u,<st.72T which he quot.
ed late Thursday ~ the reproduce
tion cost ~ thu w, q. q " eisc.
trieai. Transmission and distribu-
tion systnms.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-23
Ma Street
Goings. Comings and Doings
Of Tdcomons as the Re-
porter Found Them.

Mr.. and Mrs. Roger Chase talk
ing about picnic Richard w. Nc
Cam announcing Chamber forum
program-Oliver Malm resting and
discussing world problems-E. n.
Murray chuckling to himself -
j. W. McCune telling about plat
mum mining in Alaska 49, Hugh
Rosellini waving at friend Edwin
Carlson advocating stamp collect
ing as a hobby-August st. Pierre
enjoying sunshine-George r. Rus
sell smoking pipe and gazing out
of window - Jim Niilone enjoying
early morning stroll to work--Art
Varco chatting with friends How
ard Coppock laughing-Chet Rem
schiller hurrying down stairs--Joe
Ford explaining his name is not
Joe Fory - Walter West telling
how to improve health by going to
bed early.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-23
Lss,l {. {. csll,us
challsaos Seattle

T~euma chsmtpv = commorro
smsmh~rs hsve eAnilesao4 0eM1oIe
eksmeer - . s~vtes - -
malrhen
TIL = vAatt. enaivmee - -
1rscoma shsmnet's spps<s seromle~
ts~. ssns ~ fnllswtNs sneiooN1p
10 neattLei
Nov that p~&<s No hs~@ -
eisf~a IN regard - IL nnA1e -
sbs nsaantsln. IL spatss rNnen1er
tee ~ TxsamA cnsmneS - Co.
mssce f~eis th~re y i&ss deaGex -
ssm~ors hsstnx . divpt takea -
~ ne dnNe sesuta seattle -
Tacoma held s~ss>s n hease -
hems eulf ma<eh~s j. WIN f1ne
IN vssw. vs<sns h~eeAy flailen0ee
Seattle. shs team ~ - sns~Dee19
II - rseosss Eolfsfs y. :
Tns Txrans essamittse = wete<
.nr soesptanes u ths shni,eNoe -
dates ear - Arranged.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-23
$3.50 II Collected
In z Liquor Fines

Appearances AZ two "rskuisfs~ IN
police court Thursday afternoon
rang the cash register 10 The sossnd
of another $3.50 and court casts IN
fines for llqusr convictions. nesh
defendants had appeared On pre-
vlous liquor infrsotions. John Mann
was fined ,ioo and costs for u.
legal possession. following his ar
rest March 0 ~ t1oz broadway
by stats liquor agents Tom Jnnss
was finsd $50 and cests for ssis
bv sns drink ~ ists broadway on
March 8. and sIsp was nsbb~d ~
.sats agents. Both fines wsfe
paid.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-23

lndt Is the Keynote OF lIAly
acknowledgement status in Europe's
wars. and it will continue to be
the theme of the Fascist nation
until Premier Benito Mussolini
says otherwise.
The sign in the cafe is familiar
one now to Italians. They see
similar signs in all public places,
in clubs. in offices and in shops,
and often there is another phrase
on the end:
Here We Work"
Sometimes Difficult
That, too, is keynote for Ital-
fans, as the rest of Europe's big
powers are locked in war. Italy
Is working furiously.
Talking politics is popular
pastime in Italy, and it has not
been easy to give it up. but with
the words of Mussolini that "Fas-
cist peace is armed peace" still
fresh in memory, the well-fed and
not too pessimistic Italians have
carried on as cheerfully and nor
mally as possible. Sometimes it is
difficult.
In six months living costs have
scared 80 per cent, foreign coal
has been outlawed for heating
purposes, and coffee, sugar and
gasoline have been rationed.
Experiencing Boom"
The nation is experiencing a
trade boom unprecedented in re-
cent years, despite inroads on its
commerce by the economic war
fare of the belligerents. Italys
material losses from torpedoes and
mines comparatively have been
negligible so far.
The nation has adhered to the
policy that Italy would take no
military initiative" laid down to
the council of ministers by Musso-
lini Sept. 1, the day Germany in
vaded Poland.
Soaring prices have caused
Mussolini to convene the Central
Cooperative Council to discuss the
relation of living costs to wages.
Wages have been ordered increas-
ed 10 to Is per cent to meet in
creased living costs.
Hoarders Sought
In mid-February it was announc-
ed that special police, detailed to
enforce food price regulations and
uncover hoarders, had investigated
10000 cases since September.
Only sugar and coffee have been
rationed, but rationing Of meals
in restaurants may be started.
Since the war broke out Italian
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-23

Mrs. Callahan Is going 10 have
baby this summer. but not five
babies, as she thought. II was All
a mistake. She thought an x-ray
picture of her womb showed four
or five skulls.
There never was an x-ray pic
ture until yesterday. II was
Horoscope through which Mrs.
Callahan had been examined be-
fore. and II the hospital technician
who used II said anything about
quintuplets, he had been mistaken
or was joking.
She Doesn't Care
Mrs. Callahan doesn't care bit.
She hated the hospital room pro-
vided by John s. knight. publisher
OF the Miami Herald. because the
doctors would not let her husband
stay there nights. She was glad
TO get home. and glad that all the
commotion IN the neiRhoorhood nad
subsidized.
The truth came out Thursday.
when x-ray pictures we're made Of
Mrs. Callahan at knights sug-
gestion. The publisher said the
pictures revealed that nothing
other than a normal birth Ia ex-
pected."
How II started
The story of quintuplets started
Feb. rs when Mrs. Callahan. a.
year-old bride Of eight months ex-
pecting her first child. asked advice
of Mrs Ralph Kay. who lives In the
same cottage. Mrs. Kay had sug-
gested that she get x-rayed."
Mrs. Callahan had had no ex.
perience with x-ray machines. and
when she went to the hospital for
an examination and was placed
behind microscope. she thought
she had been "x-rayed. A fluoro-
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-23

scope would not reveal the fetns
in a womb. doctors said.
she Told Nelghhes
The technician who examined
Mrs. Callahan remarked that she
was ahnormaily large. and might
have a multiple birth. Mrs, Gala
han was sure he had said some
thing about five children Hhe
never used the word "quintuplets"
herself.
She went home and told Mrs.
Kay she was going to have five
children. Mrs. Kay told somebody
else who told the milkman. BY
this week tho news was all over
the Galatians part Of town.
Then the storm OF publicity. And
then the authentic x-ray picture
that put the Galatians back In OBJ
security.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-23
Held az Shoe Thisf

Aesussd - Stealing . ~ -
lsswi shoee fxum me ~eea14-eo@4
Stars ~ isa1 cemnesre - -
selling shem ~ snetnpr soenpos
hand dssl~x Il liza coHs1rre4
CHARLES es1n~ea wes esreseo1 IA
Inc psliss Tnsredsy .g1 ercs~
wifn patty larceny. ~ suo1e *
cents % fhs deal. efflsefn so14
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-23

The following postmaster nomi-
nations have been sent To tho senate
by President Roosevelt: Rainier.
Clara Wilson: Raymond. John ~.
Eager: spsnaway. Clara q. L.
phipps; wstsrv1ils. Bert b.
schmitx.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-23
Betty. Fs Reunion
viii Be Saturday

The annual reunion Of members
Of Battery y. ssd artillery. viii
be held saturday evening al o
o'clock In Hotel Winthrop.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-23
TO MEET FRIDAY

Associates Of the Blind viii meet
Friday evening At = o'clock in the
home Of Mr.. and Mrs. J. H.
knight. 4sip No. 10Th at.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-23

RoME-In little Italians gather late afternoon On
the Via plastered the wall
that Here do discuss politics high strategy
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-23

MIAMI F1a-Mrs Emory Callahan is back home.
looked into the In cottage where
singled them out for day then passed
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-23
Italians Are Working Hard
To Profit From New War
Notion Enjoys Boom; Wages Ordered
Up to Meet Rising Living Cost
BY ELEANOR PACKARD

Following o. sir dis
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-23

lived
SOW
died
|ldest
and
Can
lLH
was
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-14
To Delay Calling
More Cuardsmen

Widespread delays In construc-
ton Of army camps. ranging from
one week TO two and a half
months. are retarding induction Of
approximately 10000 ational
guardsmen and selective service
trainees into regular army serv-
ice. the war department reported
Friday.
Secretary of War Stimson said
the final contingent of guardsmen
had been scheduled for induction
between Jan. 8 and 10. This
schedule has been revised to bring
men into service between Jan. 8
and April l.
Tentative dates under the new
schedule call for the Goth Coast
Artillery in Washington to report
At Fort Lewis Feb. /. the 1o3d
Anti-Tank battalion in Washing
ton to Fort Lewis Feb. 10. the
1l5th Cavalry in Wyoming to Fort
Lewis Feb. 10. the 144th Field Ar
tillery in California to Fort Lewis
Feb. / and the 1e4th Tank bat
TALON. less one company. in Min
nesota. Missouri and California to
Fort Lewis Feb. 10.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-14

throp TO seat adequately the thous-
and or more who attended.
Independent retailers. members
Of the TGA. 10th Century. Purity
and Far West stores made Up the
party. coming from as far south
as Toledo and as far north as the
Olympic Peninsula. The banquet
was followed by several top-flight
vaudeville numbers. and then sew
eral hours Of dancing.
President S. r. Powell. Of the
Loyal Packing company. which
provided the party as a prize for
the groups attaining a quota of
252.ees Of sales. flew from Chicago
TO attend. accompanied by II. r.
Gerhard. merchandising advertis-
ing manager Of IGA. F. II.
Matthews. manager Of IGA's can
ned goods department, and J. J.
McVady. secretary-treasurer Of the
packing company.
In complimenting Norton r.
Younglove, president of the Young
love Grocery company and Sales
Manager Leonard f. kolstad.
Powell. the host-compsny presi-
dent presented them with a large
gold trophy. suitably engraved, as
a testimonial of the 1910 sales rec
ord made by the Younglove COM
pany and its retailers in this area.
In winning this contest. We won
for all OF our retailer friends an
outstanding banquet and party"
said kolstad. This is particularly
gratifying 10 me. for 1t is due 10
the fine effort and loyal support
of our many retailer friends that
his southwest Washington area
Won the contest"
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-14
Active Clubs
Roster Grows

Active Internationals president
Ted Little. Of Olympia: Mayor
Harry Cain and Mayor-elect Tru-
man Trullinger. Of Olympia. were
principal speakers Thursday eve
ming at an induction meeting of
Tacoma Active club at Tacoma
hotel.
Forty-six initiates were admitted
to membership in a program ar
ranged by the clubs president
elect. Al Clark.
Other speakers were District
Governor Warren Dewar. Seattle.
and Ed Williams. international
executive secretary.
A congratulatory message was
read from Governor-elect Arthur
Langlie. a past-international Active
clubs president, who was unable TO
be present.
Following are names Of the men
welcomed TO club rolls:
Ward Alvord, Orville Alvestad,
o. T. Atwater. James Anderson.
Ed Anderson. Gilbert Anderson.
George Bolton. Bernie Brotman.
Kenneth Croker. Perry Cole. Will
lam Dammeier. Byron Furseth,
Allen Ferguson. Robert Jewell.
Robert Fox. R. d. Ginnold, Gordon
Gillespie. ]. z. Groth. William
Gustafson. Don Gipple. Fremont
Gault. Albert Hunt, Robert John
son, Karl Kliese. Henry Matthaei.
Gordon Meredith. J. ID. Mages,
Hugo Peterson. w. A. Peterson,
Roy Retner, William Reddy. David
Rhind. Dale Sweeney. Lloyd Sell,
Robert Sanders. Lester Schaller.
Dean Thompson. Joseph Thomas.
Thomas Taylor. Carl Uppman, Vic
tor Vine, Ed Walsh, John worden,
Gordon Wilson, w. o. Whitman,
Frank Borden.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-14
Yell Conference
Al Fife Saturday

Schools of the Puget Sound
Pierce county and Southwestern
leagues viii participate in a yell
conference in the gymnasium of
Fife high school Saturday at /
p. m
The conference. being held for
the purpose Of exchanging ideas
and allowing yell leaders to be-
come better acquainted. will be led
by Scotty Macdonald. former yell
king At University Of Washing
ton
Yeu leaders of schools not in
the leagues also are invited TO
attend. Those participating are
requested to wear their uniforms.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-14
Split $4,000
For Teachers
It's "a Per Cent
OF Restoration

Tacoma teachers. who saw hopes
OF salary reservations fade when
the voters defeated a special mill
age measure on the November bal
lot. were somewhat consoled FIJI
day with a fractional restoration
10 come out Of recent delinquent
tax payments.
The restoration amounts TO
about "a per cent. retroactive 10
the beginning Of the school year.
II totals about $4,000 Most Of
the money came from payment OF
back taxes which had been in liti-
cation.
Goods Proposal
In granting the payments 10
teachers the board approved a
recommendation by Supt. Howard
r. Goold that a policy for the pres
ent year be to apply all receipts
in excess of actual expenditures on
a basis of so per cent for retire
ment Of outstanding warrants and
so per cent toward fractional res
toration of salary schedules.
The board took the unanimous
action for the restoration in the
absence Of any representatives of
the teachers. The resolution was
written TO express officially zap
probation to the staff of the
schools for faithful service
throughout years Of salary limita-
ton: for wholehearted efforts in
behalf of the schools during the
recent millage campaign and for
the fact that defeat Of the issue
left no diseernible evidences of loss
of morale"
Problem Remains
This still leaves us with fl
nancial problem" Secretary Carl
G. Caddey declared. II still leaves
most of the school employees TAX
ing salary cuts averaging seven
per cent below schedules. The
board pointed out that salary
schedules in Tacoma schools. even
IL restored in full. are well below
the average for comparable school
systems.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-14
Celebrate Contest Victory
With Big Banquet and Dance
Retailers From Southwest Washington
Join With Younglove Co. Personnel

Celebrating the winning of a na-
tion-wide contest in which they
competed with more than 50 other
wholesale houses throughout the
United States. retailers Of south
west Washington. joined with the
executives and employees Of the
founglove Grocery company
Thursday evening in a gala ban
quet which required the three
largest bathrooms Of Hotel VIM
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-14
Colored Association
TO Elect on Sunday

Tacoma branch Of the National
Association for Advancement o,
Colored People viii hold its annual
meeting in Allen Methodist church,
&c. 18th and Yakima ave. Sunday
ut ; p m Various reports will
be made, and officers viii be
elected Lieut. w. H. Lewis. re-
tired, win tell Of his life in the
u. g. army
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-12-14
ABANDON WOOD CUTTING

Soldiers CHARTERED in tents at
McChord field no longer have to
cut their own wood. Presto-logs
are being furnished for fuel.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-24
ALL. Unionizes Newsmen;
Guild Branded 'Subversive'

By the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, Oct. 24-The Ameri-
can Editorial Association, newly
formed by delegates from 20 A. F. L.
locals, authorized yesterday a Ma
tion-wide organization drive among
editorial workers on newspapers and
news services, with assistance of the
American Federation Of Labor.
The association elected Francis P.
Fenton of Washington national
director of organization for the
A. F. L., as president, and drafted a
proposed constitution which will be
sent to member local unions for
ratification.
The group adopted a resolution
calling the c. I. O. American News
paper Guild a "subversive organiza-
ton" which constitutes a menace
to the free press and a threat to
the security Of American editorial
workers."
Other officers elected were: Vic
tor E. Barnes, Chicago. secretary
treasurer; Edward F. Sullivan, Bos-
ton; William L. Laurence, New York;
Fred w. Patton. Jackson, Miss;
David Camelon, Chicago. and De Los
E. Brandon, Los Angeles, vice presi-
dents.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-24
Carol Looks Browbeoten
After Lecture by Aunt

SEVILLE, Spain, Oct. "a LP.-The
1nfanta Beatriz Of Saxe-Coburg,
aunt Of ex-King Carol of Rumania,
visited him in high and huffy regal
other yesterday as he chain smoked
cigars and cigarettes in his worry
over attempts to return Magda
Lupescu to Rumania to face the
Iron Guard regime.
Wearing gray tailored suit, ma
room hat and white blouse, the
infanta went calling on him this
afternoon and talked for 80 minutes
in the hotel where he and his retinue
are under detention.
It was learned later that she de-
clined to see Mime. Lupescu and
spoke sternly to Carol over his
treatment of his divorced wife,
Queen Helen. Carol looked some
what browbeaten when he babe fare
well to his aunt.
The ex-King and Nine. Lupescu
were reported by hotel employees to
be trying to forget their troubles at
cards in the suite Uttered with me-
mentos, ornaments and religious
paintings of the orthodox church.
A large picture of Prince Michael
stands on table beside Carols bed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-24
Holt Hits Dismissal
OF West Virginia
Vote Investigation
Feels No 'ReoI' Inquiry
Was Made Of Absentee
BoIIots in 3 Counties

Senator Holt Of West Virginia last
night challenged action Of the Sem
ate Campaign Expenditure Commit
tee in dismissing charges of irregu-
larities in registration in three West
Virginia counties of hundreds of
absentee voters living in Washing
ton.
Senator Holt declared that zap
parently no real investigation was
made" and II he found an effort had
been made to 'quelch the probe"
the people will hear of it." The
counties in question are jefferson,
Morgan and Berkeley, all in the
| district OF Representative Randolph,
who is back home campaigning.
While making it clear that he in
tended no reflection on Chairman
Gillette of Iowa, Mr.. Holt insisted
1T would have been impossible to
have looked into the matter in the
short time which has elapsed"
Calvert E. Estill OF Charleston,
w. Va, filed the complaint with the
Senate group and listed several hun
dred absentee voters living in WASH
ington. Chairman Gillette's state
ment OF the investigation follows:
Agents Of the committee have
been investigating a list of voters
furnished in support of charges that
hundreds of residents of Washing
ton were voting in the State of West
Virginia by absentee ballot and
without authority to do so.
THE agents of the committee have
been working for several days in
checking up on the names contained
on this list. They do not find EVIL
dence that the list contains other
than bona fide residents of West Vir-
ginia and, as such, are probably en-
titled to register and vote
las to whether or not their resi-
dence In Washington is such as to
deprive them of domicilliary rights
in West Virginia is a question to be
determined under the laws of that
State, and this determination is not
within the province of this commit
tee"