davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-07-07
House Built of Standards Furnishes

with the expectation that they will
appreciate the honor and do some
thing constructive in their wills to
repay 1t. Instead, the walls are
ornamented in the submarine school
of architecture. with gadgets every
where. That odd looking thing over
in one corner. for instance, is not
a what-not; it is a wind indicator
(windicator for short), whose fash
ing lights determine both direction
and velocity of the wind.
Hung With Meters.
In place of the crocheted sampler
in the parlor and the mail-order
calendar in the kitchen, the walls
in numerous places are hung with
heat flow meters, to indicate how
much heat is leaking out in each
area. It may safely be stated that
on this particular June day they
were working in reverse, and regis
tering the amount coming in.
The furniture consists of desks,
chairs, shelves and packing boxes,
in addition to the bathtub. The
function OF the bathtub is to act
as a temporary receiving station
for each new device that comes in,
until some one can cut a hole in a
wall, floor, or ceiling in which to
install it. When once the device
has served its purpose, it is subject
to removal, after which the hole is
plugged up with wallboard, adding
further to the miscellaneous ap-
pearance. Altogether, it is sort Of
bachelors paradise, fairly exuding
Evening star., 1940-07-07

alton and conduction through the
walls? What is the best insulation
material? What is the best height
for a room? What is the
But enough of this. To many of
these questions, answers may be
obtained-and will be, unless ruth
less methods of suppression are
used-from a certain type of sub
urban householder; the kind that is
a slave to his furnace in winter, and
to his lawn mower in summer. This
interesting species is divided into
two classes, both married.
Glass A consists of those who &C
tually take a morbid pride In their
slavery around the house, and enjoy
it. There Is no cure for Class A.
Glass B is more numerous, COM
prising as it does husbands under
matrimonial orders to fire that fur
mace and NOW that lawn, or else, re-
gardless of the enormous amount
of leisure time recklessly thrown
away. The author, who was for a
time a lowly member of Glass B,
eventually solved the winter prob
lem by cunningly contriving to alter
nate the temperature of his home
between that of an Ethiopian desert
and the sun porch of an Arctic
igloo in January, so that eventually
a furnace man had to be employed
to maintain a reasonably uniform
heat in his little palace. He still
takes an occasional whirl at the
lawn mower, when trapped, but the
time is rapidly approaching when
he can wish that task on to his son,
who is growing up, after which there
amt gonna be no NOV.
AS stated, the opening questions
are right up the alley Of these peo-
pie. The only trouble Is, no. two
Evening star., 1940-07-07

With nothing to cut it off, the bright
June sunshine fairly streamed into
every nook and corner. The rooms
may have looked bleak, but at least
everything could be seen; the powers
that be planned it that way. What
is the use, they said, of conducting
valuable experiments, and then
peering at the results in the dark?
Navigation in the test house
turned out to be a precarious prob
lem, due mostly to the presence of
$50 brickbats strung on wires from
floor to ceiling at five different
levels. That is, they, seemed to be
half bricks wrapped in tinfoil; in
reality they were thermocouples,
each connected electrically to the
control room, where its temperature
reading may be taken by the turn
of a master switch. The thermo-
couples themselves may be avoided
by dextrous twists and turns and
clever footwork.
The bungalow has its own special
style of interior decoration. There
are no pictures on the walls Of
Uncle Abner and Aunt Petunia, hung
Evening star., 1940-07-07

Achenbach, "by definition. In one
place, at the 30-inch level, is a re-
cording thermometer. Its reading
is taken to be the official tempera-
ture, even If it is really just an aver
age of lot of others in other places.
I'VE get a lot of satisfaction out of
running this house the way it should
be run. Other branches of the Gov
ernment may be worrying about
homeless families; our job is to run
the familyless home. AS a result,
no one ever disturbs our thermo-
stats. They stay set. So does every
thing else, including certain
amount of dust. Sometimes women
peer in through the windows, get a.
good look at the interior, and be-
come fired with the instinct to get
in with broom and move the fur
niture. If it proves necessary, we
will call out the militia to keep them
out.
"Next winter we will go ahead with
comparisons of steam. hot air and
hot water, and will also check on the
merits of insulating material Look
out! You almost bumped into
thermocouple No. 1877. You will
hardly know the old place then, with
Is different kinds and colors of wall
boards and some lovely fresh holes
In the floors and ceilings"
Back in the Office, Mr.. Dill has a
record of all the findings. Skillfully
he puts them together and from it
emerges comprehensive, scientific,
incontrovertible data, which. re-
leased to the public, will result in
better heated, better constructed
houses and contribute further to a
high standard of living which is al
ready the envy Of the rest OF the
world.
Evening star., 1940-07-07

designers lay out every detail of the
new airplanes. The floor is large
enough to accommodate the full-size
outline of airplanes larger than any
yet built. After all parts of the
structure have been laid out in out
line, all kinds of engineers visit the
floor to study the new design. Stress
analysts examine each part of the
assembly to determine what trusses,
stringers and braces will be required
to carry the loads imposed. Tool de-
signers lay out tools and dies for
each part, large or small. Production
planners examine the layout to plan
the shop and assembly line opera
ton and to arrange for uninter-
rupted flow of parts from machines
to minor assembly departments and
into the assembly line. Details then
are sketched into the full-scale
drawings on the floor in conformity
with the findings of all the engineers
concerned with various design and
production phases.
Now the Photographic process
comes into action. Wing ribs, spars,
fuselage bulkheads, gussets, skin
sections-all of the hundreds upon
hundreds of parts which go into
the completed airplane-are repro
duced in outline on loft layouts, ?"
which are large sheets of aluminium
alloy coated white on one side. On
these layouts all final details are
laid out in pencil-openings to re-
duce weight of the structure, ribs to
stiffen weak points, spotting holes
for critical attachments to ajoin-
ing members, riveting or welding
f1anges, and the like.
Evening star., 1940-07-07

ing as much as feet. The idea, of
course. is to determine Just how
high room should be for efficient
heating.
Outside, a, few feet away from
Reno road, is small model of the
test house, built correctly to scale,
known as the doghouse. Day and
night in the winter months, it is
heated by powerful electric light
bulbs, to determine its radiation
heat loss. 1t is easy to tell how
much is put ina simple wattmeter
does that-and the temperature
being known, and the model exact,
1t is possible to use these figures,
correct the scale, and apply them
to the big house.
After showing all the contrap-
tions, Mr.. Achenbach explained in
detail. This house." he said," is
the result of demand on the part
of builders and the general public
for information about house con-
Evening star., 1940-07-07

Few dimensional details are neces-
sary on these loft layouts, since the
sections are drawn in full scale.
When a loft layout is finished as a
drawing, it goes to the big camera
and as many copies as necessary are
struck on white coated metal sheets
which become duplicates, the orig
inal going into file for permanent
record.
The duplicates go throughout the
great plant to perform their vital
functions. Tool design gets at least
one, sometimes more. The design
is transferred to sheet form or
template in the case of parts which
must be cut from sheet metal. The
templates form the guide fof rapid
cutting of the final parts. In the
case of die-stamped parts, the dup
licates are used as the basis for
cutting of the dies. Other dupli-
Gates are used to guide the fabri-
cation of jigs of all sizes in which
subassemblies and final assemblies
are made with hairline precision.
Keep Constant Check.
The production department may
get one, or several, of the loft lay
outs to keep constant check on the
arrangement of fixtures and as
sembly of the parts. Others go to
Evening star., 1940-07-07

will agree on the answers; and yet
there must be some way to find out.
Knows Answers.
There is. The Bureau of Stand
ards knows Cor will know them all.
Only last September the bureau
completed a test house "a four
room m-and-bath frame bungalow. Is
feet by 26, on Reno road near Van
Ness street. In their little cottage
are conducted a great variety of ex-
periments designed to point the way
to better house construction and
heating.
The project is under the super
vision of Mr.. Dill of the Heat and
Power Division of the bureau, who
readily assigned Mr.. Achenbach, in
charge of testing, to conduct a per-
sonal tour of the house.
From the moment the door was
unlocked, lone thing became quite
sure-that there was no lady of the
house. The lack of curtains alone
would have been sufficient proof
Evening star., 1940-07-07

Of 'mock-ups." Since a full-size
model of every new type of air
plane must be built first of wood
to give engineers. tool designers and
production planners their final in
formation, the ability of the camera
to photograph drawings directly
onto the surface of both painted
and unpainted wood saves time and
effort and insures accuracy. The
full-size wooden form is the mock
up. AS a result of the Photographic
process, craftsmen in the big wood
working shop can work directly on
many Of the mock-up parts without
constant reference to drawings or
the delay of making multitudinous
measurements and reproducing diff
flcult and complex curves.
Still another interesting, labor
saving function of the new process
Evening star., 1940-07-07

is the making Of shrink layouts'
Because zinc and other metals
nodded into dies shrink considerably
in cooling, it always has been neces-
sary either to make new drawings
to allow for this shrinkage or to use
a shrink scale" The task Of en-
larging drawing by hand the
small amount needed to compen-
safe for shrinkage was long.
drawn-out and exceedingly tedious
process, careful mathematical
computation of each detail of the
drawing being required.
Because the shrinkage is known
factor, however it is possible by
simple enlargement to let the
camera do in a moment the work
which required many hours of time
by older methods-and with far
greater accuracy. The great camera
is delicately calibrated to permit
these fractional enlargements with
mathematical precision.
Throughout the Martin plant the
privileged viSitor-for visitors are
few during these troublous days
when critical military production is
under Way-Will see data books and
clerical forms reproduced from the
cameras photographic plates. On the
walls in offices and shops hang big
pictures and colored photographs on
| canvas of airplanes and air views
| incidental work of the process; a
sort of hobby" by-product.
The camera process, with its pos
sibility of application to many
types of industry has been deveI-
oped for the airplane industry at the
most opportune time. The aviation
industry now, for the first time, has
quantity to deal with. 1t is getting
the opportunity to apply something
of automobile line production meth
ods. 1t is doubtful whether any
aircraft company in the United
States has built more than 1000
airplanes in its entire career. This
Is hardly more than half good
days output for major automobile
plant.
AS a result of the small-produc-
tion limitations, airplanes have
been built largely by hand methods.
This is reflected in the, fact that
one of the most widely used aut6-
mobiles requires 213 man hours Of
labor per car IN fabrication, while
the most widely used small private
airplanes requires $50 to 400 man
hours and large bombardmefit
airplane requires $4,000 man hours.
Like Auto Efficiency. ~
Such methods as the revolution
ary Photographic process are be-
ginning to speed up airplane con-
struction and to introduce the eff
cheney standards which for years
have been applied to the automobile
production industry. .os
Once war production is over, these
efficiency methods are expected to
have a tremendous effect on coma
mercial and civil aeronautics. -x
Commercial aeronautics is going
to profit greatly by developments, re-
sulting from this war effort" Glenn
L. Martin explained. 1--WE now knoW
of improvements in efficiency which
will give us new types of commercial
aircraft of vastly greater perform
ance, efficiency and economy within
few years." 7t'
The savings due to such processes
as the Photographic method, coupled
with gains in machine tool and nf1e-
production methods are expected 10
be passed on to commercial aviation
in the ultimate days of peace. These
cannot but help to increase the
rapidly growing uses of the airplane
for air transportation, business. pri-
vate and pleasure flying now TN
! progress.
Evening star., 1940-07-07

an atmosphere of informality. The
author, usually we'll trained, expert
enced no hesitation whatsoever in
dropping ashes on the floor.
If winter comes, there is no doubt
whatever that the test house can
be adequately heated. There are
three heating units on the main
floor, and no less than six furnaces
in the cellar, which is entered
through trapdoor by means of a
cross between a ladder and a stair
case, guarded by low-bridge warn
ing and a padded beam for those
who do not believe in signs. The
furnaces will burn gas, electricity,
fuel oil, coal, wood, or practically
anything that the bureau feeds
them. One overworked chimney
with three f1ues takes care of the
load.
Routine Change.
The average householder, who left
home in the morning with his CELL
ing 8 feet high would confidently
expect that on his return it would
remain at the same level. If he
found it reduced to feet, he would
regard it as disturbing phenome-
non, and before attempting to raise
the roof would quite likely either
take the pledge or consult an alien
ist. But in the test house a change
in ceiling height is a mere routine
affair, accomplished by turning with
a socket wrench a number of large
nuts, which raise or lower the CELL
Evening star., 1940-07-07

curate. If certain types of heating
happen to result in uniform distri-
button. the thermostats at different
levels in different rooms will indi-
cate it,"
With all these different tempera-
tures," interrupted. "at various
levels in each room, it seems to me
impossible ever to state with GER
tainty just how hot the house is.'
I'VE got around that" replied Mr..
Evening star., 1940-07-07

the different classes of engineers
who must plan their work.
The many errors which crept into
the old style of redrafting each loft
layout several times are eliminated
by the new process. Martin authori-
ties explained.
Evening star., 1940-07-07

"Once an original drawing is
checked carefully, no further error
can be made because each repro
duction is exact" they pointed out.
But changes may be made, if
needed, directly on the reproduction
This has been an important fea-
Evening star., 1940-07-07

ture, for no matter how careful
craftsman may be, he cannot dupli-
cate drawing exactly, his lines
deviating in minor degrees from the
original"
The Photographic system also is
of very great value in the making
Evening star., 1940-07-07
Bv Basil Gordon.

Is your home too hot in summer? ?
Or too cold in winter? What is the
best way to heat it? Does your pres
ent method result in a great tenn
perature difference between floor
and ceiling, or is the temperature
fairly uniform throughout the house?
How much heat do you lose by radi-
Evening star., 1940-07-07
Efficiency Standards
Give Mass Air Results
War Orders Handled Rapidly
With Promise of Satisfying
Future Peacetime Demands
Bv joseph s. EdperfOn.

. fuae phoogaph made directly metal wood cloth
IN camera half the size small house
vital time element the United States
and the Allies under revolutionary
L. Martin n Baltimore - o "
The ability photograph engineering drawings
Evening star., 1940-07-07

At top: An immense saUing of time effected the
design tools dies photoqraphc dra1uinos
be taken in number by tool design the details
drilled onto metal plates, Uhich become templates.
Aboue: of reproduced drawings of an arplane
section turned out in teW minutes Ohere drafted repro
duction ,oould hare taken Uhole days and many
Milford chronicle., 1940-08-16
BETHEL

The Count On Me Club" will 20
to Ocean City, Nd. on Wednesday y,
August a., on their annual outing.
Miss Frances Smith was a mid
week guest Of Miss Irene Moore at
Middletown, who accompanied her
home and they spent the weekend
at RehObOth Beach Ns
Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. 7. Splitter and
daughter Ruth spent the weekend
with relatives in Baltimore.
Mr.. and Mrs. Howard O'Day of
Baltimore, visited Mrs, J. e. Smith
last Sunday.
Mr. and Mrs. Uric L. Smith were
Saturday guests of Messrs. Rodeil
and Clarence Card, near Drawbridge.
Mr.. and Mrs. r. G. StalIard are
entertaining the following guests
this week: Mr.. and Mrs. Warren
Mullins. Mrs. Allie ]. Smith Of
Kingsport, Tenn. Mr.. and Mrs. VIII
liam H. Smith of Derby. Va
Mr.. and Mrs. Donald Bennett and
daughter of Selma, Alabama, Cant.
and Mrs. Grant Bennett OF Sharp
town, Md, spent Sunday with Mr..
and Mrs. Cecil Wright
Mrs. Carroll Twilley of Baltimore.
Mrs. Earl Hollis of Philadelphia, are
visiting with Mr.. and Mrs. Harvey
Spence.
Mr.. and Mrs. Roland Conoway and
son of Seaford were Sunday guests
of Mrs. Ella Morris.
MIR. and Mrs: Walter Garrett and !
Milford chronicle., 1940-08-16
REDEEM

Rev. Robert Conner, Mrs. Conner
and son Harry and daughter Helen
were guests of Mr.. and Mrs. How
ard Burton the past week.
Mrs. Helen Truitt and Mr.. and
Mrs. Wilson of Georgetown, and
Mrs. Laura Messick, of Wilmington,
called on Mr.. and Mrs. H. E. Penuel
on Thursday afternoon.
On Sunday, Mr.. and Mrs. Penuel
entertained Mr.. and Mrs. Walton,
Sr., Mr.. and Mrs. William Walton,
Jr., and George Stewart and mo-
ther of Wilmington.
Mr.. and Mrs. Hilton Penuel Wis
tied Mr.. and Mrs. Penuel on Mon
day.
Preston, Mildred, Nora and Flor
ence Donovan spent Monday eve
ming with Mr.. and Mrs. Wilbert Nit
chell, of Georgetown.
George and Gloria Chain of Phila-
delphia have been spending some
time with their grandparents, Mr.
and Mrs. George Jester.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Donovan and
family, Mr.. and Mrs. Wilbert Nit
chell and daughter Doris Ann and
Miss Myrtle PenueI spent Sunday at
Landing.
Norman West, wife and daughter
and Mr.. and Mrs. Charles H. Golden
are spending their vacation in In
diana, having grand time. They
will return home the first Of the
week.
Milford chronicle., 1940-08-16
GLENDALE

Mr.. and Mrs. Robert H. Swain en-
tertained last week. Mrs. Louise
Kirk Of Joppa, Nd, and Mrs. Eldred
Ingram and children Of Dover.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harvey T. Smith
/ have returned home from a motor
trip to the New England States.
Mr., and Mrs. Arthur Webb visited
friends last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. c. S. Hoyt enter
tained guests from West Virginia
recently.
The property on State street oc-
cupied by Mr.. and Mrs. w. Lindale
is being remodeled.
Mrs. Ursula Williams of Whining
ton, spent part of last week with
her family here.
Mr.. and Mrs. Paul Marker Of Mil
ford were Sunday evening callers of
H. @. Marker and family.
Rev. and Mrs. Ira E. Crumm have
the month of August for their vaca-
tion.
MIR. and Mrs. Ura Walls and
daughter, Patsy, visited friends on
Sunday.
Miss Edith Murdock and friend,
Charles Kohlenberg, both of Haver-
straw, N. Y, were weekend guests of
Mr.. KohIenbergs mother, Mrs. JOS
ephine Love.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lester Shockley and
son, Tommy, of Philadelphia, were
guests of Mrs. Laura Shockley dur
ing the weekend.
Mr. and Mrs. George NJ. Reed, Jr.,
and daughter, Paula June, motored |
to RehobOth, Bethany and other |
coastal places on Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Irwin Crocheron of !
Crocheron, Md, were Sunday guests
Of Mrs. Joseph S. Short, Sr., and |
Miss Millie Short.
Harvey Marker of Glendale, ac-
cOmpanied Mr.. and Mrs. Paul Mark
er of Milford on a motor trip to Lew
istown, Pa, last week, where they
were guests of Mr.. and Mrs. Jones
Marker and family.
Guests of Mr.. and Mrs. John B.
OerricksOn during the week end
we're Mr.. and Mrs. Clarence Derrick
son and daughter, Laura Lois. Mr..
and Mrs. Harvey Derrickson of Phil
ldelphia, Mr. and Mrs. Chas. James
- ONCeAn view anu Wi anu MIS-
Paul Godfrey and children, Don and
June. of Millsboro.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Compton of
New York, and Mrs. Florence Outen
If Pennsylvania. are visiting here.
Mr.. and Mrs. I. Thomas Baker, Jr.,
Mrs. Della Baker and friend, Samuel
Sacra, of Glendale, Mr.. and Mrs.
Harry Belts and son, Nelson, of 4
Miss Mary Reed of Milton.
md Harry Belts, Jr., of Milford,
ipent Sunday at Radio Park. II
CHURCH-Rev. Ira E.
Crumm. Pastor
Sunday, August IS.
Sunday School services at 10 A.
L., in charge of the superintendent,
=. Webster Warren. No other SER
ices.
Ieeting
Members of Glass No. IL will meet
t the home of Mrs. N. E. PrettymaR,
lain street, at two o'clock, on Sat
rday. August IL, and all motor to
,ehOboth for supper. Each member
ring husband or friend and covered
ish.. % z
Milford chronicle., 1940-08-16

children of Wilmington were re-
cent guests of his mother. Mrs. Rho
da Garrett
Mr.. and Mrs. James E. Wright and
family of Chester, Pa, were town
visitors last Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Weaver Of
Ocean City, Nd, were town visitors
last Wednesday.
Mrs. Anna L. Smith and daughter
Anna Lee, spent Thursday in LAh-
rel with her sister, Mrs. VinOl
Lynch.
Mrs. Lula Massey spent the week
end in Seaford with her sister, Mrs.
Ira Allen.
Mrs. Nolia Phillips spent the week
end with relatives near BridgeVille.
Mrs Hattie Marvel OF Wilmington
spent last week with her sister, Mrs.
Laura Massey.
Mr.. and Mrs. e. B. Shiles were
dinner guests of Mf. and Mrs. ]. R.
Jester at Chuck Greek. Nd, last
Sunday.
Milford chronicle., 1940-08-16

Mrs. Lee Adams and daughter
Pauline and granddaughter. Ruth
Ann, OF Cambridge, have returned
home after weeks visit with hr.
and Mrs. Thurmes Adams and fam
lly.
Andrew Purcell, Jr., was oper-
ated upon Saturday afternoon In the
Milford Memorial Hospital for Ep-
pendicitis.
Misc Eleanor Wroten, Miss Lila
Lynch and their friends OF Patter-
son, N. j., spent Sunday on boat
trip on Rehoboth Bay.
MIR. and Mrs. Merritt Stringer and
sons OF Philadelphia, have been re-
cent guests Of Mr.. and Mrs. J. H.
Milford chronicle., 1940-08-16

Horace Edseii,
Mr.. and Mrs Oscar Biddie and
son spent the weekend here with
Mr.. and Mrs. s. F. Collision.
Beatrice Biddle returned to her
home AZ Townsend Sunday with her
parents, after spending two weeks
here.
Mf. and Mrs. Frank Gordy and
family Of Dover have been recent
callers Of Mr.. and Mrs. W. J. Mills.
Mrs. Elma Johnson Of Ciarksville,
Tennessee, has been a recent guest
Of Mrs. Arthur Marvel and family
and has also been visiting her par
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Banning
of Greenwood.
Milford chronicle., 1940-08-16

Mr.. and Mrs. Edwin Knapp and
son of Baltimore spent the past week
with Mr.. and Mrs. Granville Hill.
Mrs. Joseph Fleming has been
entertaining Miss Katherine Wiley
of Dover.
Mr.. and Mrs. Scott Powell and
son of Baltimore, and Mrs. Eusie
Roth of Wilmington, have been Wis
iting C. M Powell.
Z Mr. and Mrs. Floyd Holloway, Of
Delton. Ga, have been enjoying
vacation with Mr.. and Mrs. Frank
Tharp. near this city.
The Home Demonstration Club
held Its annual outing at Oak Or
chard during the past week.
Milford chronicle., 1940-08-16
BLANCHARD'S STATION

Mrs. Horace Edgell and Mrs. c. d.
Ocheltree attended e four day Mid
die Atlantic Grange Conference III
Newark last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Walter Mills and
family entertained the formers sis
ter and family Of Pennsy1vania
part of last week.
Edwin Ely Of Greenville spent last
week as the guest Of his grandfather.