davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17
TEACHERS PRAY
FOR THEIR JOBS
KneeI in New York City
Park to Ask Return of
Positions

New York, April 17.-(UP)-Ap.
proximately rs school teachers knelt
at dawn today in city hall park anc
prayed for the return of 800 teach
ing jobs slashed from the city's edu-
cation budget.
About $50 members of the Teach
ers' Union started picketing city hall
at p. m. yesterday in protest
against Mayor F. H. LaGuardia' s
100000 1904 budget which
eliminated the 600 teaching posi-
tons.
They walked back and forth in
front of city hall all night long, al
though by 2 a. m. only three women
and nine men remained.
At dawn, 60 more teachers joined
them and led by the Rev. r. v. Bass,
the pickets went to the statue of
Benjamin Franklin in city hall park,
where the Rev. Bass led them in this
prayer:
eve pray that almighty God guide
us and the people of New York in
this new attack on the education
system. And we pray that the city
fathers, realizing the folly of this
new undertaking undo this injus-
tice."
Mrs. Bella Dodd. president of the
union, sal dthe picketing would con-
tinue until p. m. today when pub
lie hearings on the budget before
the board of estimate in city hall
were scheduled to end.
Mrs. Dodd said the examinations
would cause overcrowded classes and
additional hardships for teachers
and pupils.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17
DAIRY FARM BARN
IS BURNED DOWN
Damage of $500 Caused
By Fire, Bucks Hill Last
Night

Fire Marshal Dennis j. Lahey to-
day estimated damage of $500 was
caused by = fire that destroyed a
dairy farm on Bucks hill last night
and left So COWS shelterless. No
COWS persisted in the flames, the
marshal said, but a calf and bull
were slightly burned. Cause of the
blaze remained undetermined.
Destroyed by the fire were tons of
hay and dairy feed, hay wagon,
and a quantity of farming imple-
ments. Hundreds of people were
drawn to the scene by leaping
flames, although travel was almost
impossible in the thick mud coat
ing the dirt road.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17
THIRTEEN SEEK
One STATE JOB

Hartford, Conn.,, April 17-(UP)-
The state personnel advisory COM
mittee today planed to interview 10
Connecticut residents who have filed
applications for State Personnel Dir
ector.
The interviews, according to
State Labor Commissioner Cornelius
j. Danaher, Committee Chairman,
will be held in his office Monday
and Tuesday.
It was indicated the committee
felt there were qualified persons
among the Connecticut residents
who applied, and that out-of-state
persons who filed applications would
not be interviewed.
The committee will submit q list
Of eligible persons to Gov. Baldwin,
who will make an appointment to
succeed Personnel Director Harry w
Marsh, who Is resigning.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17
City Mayor In California
Asserts ''No" To Hollywood

The director dispatched Miss Gail
Patrick, third star of the picture, to
see if she could change his mind.
When the beauteous Miss Patrick
rolled to the mayors house in a r.
cylinder Limousine, his honor was in
his workshop, building library ia
BILE. Mrs. Cooper, who was in the
side yard hanging out the wash,
stayed behind sheet during the in
terview. She didn't even nod.
Mayor Cooper said he guessed the
Hollywood folks were nice people and
he was sorry he caused them so
much trouble, but that there was
sin enough in the world without the
movies producing more.
"And if I'm wrong, I'm sorry" he
continued, "but I'm not changing
my mind unless you marry 'em first.
But you might see the new man.
Maybe he has other IDEAS"
Mayor Cooper said he was retiring
from office and soon would hand the
keys Of the city hall to his success
sor. Miss Patrick phoned Director
Hall, but he said, return to Holly
wood" He couldn't wait. He'd build
Escondido on sound stage nine.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17
Commodore Bonte, Commander of Nazi
Destroyer Flotilla, Met Death While
Leading British Attack
GERMANS CLAIM ROUT OF
DESPERATE NORWEGIANS
BY JOSEPH w. GRIGG, JR.
UNITED Press Staff Correspondent

Berlin, April 17.-UP)-A direct hit on a Brit
ish battleship off the southwest coast of Norway was
reported by the official German agency D. N. B.
today and the high command announced that Com
modore Bonte commander of the German destroyer
flotilla at Narvck Norway had been killed in action.
Attack Off Norway Coast
The German air force in the forenoon today attacked
units of the British navy off the southwest coast of Nor
way D.NB reported zone result of the undertaking
according to official sources direct hit on British
battleshp by bomb of the heaviest cabre Explosions
and flames emitting from the British vessel
Further of the attack will be issued very soon."
British Submarine Cruiser Sunk
It said that an Allied submarine had been sunk 90
miles northwest of Mold Ford off Kristiansand Norway
and that as previously reported y the Official German
News Agency enemy cruiser sunk by heavy bombs
in the region 1t announced also that German
tank detachment in action in the vicinity of Oso
Admits British Troops Land
The communique admitted for the first time officially
that British troops had landed in Norway It said the
landing was on the Island of Hinnoy 38 miles north of
Narvik and that mo landing attempts made in the
vicinity of NarVik''
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17

Escondido, Cal, April 17-(UP)-
Mayor Fred Cooper nonplussed a
Hollywood delegation today with the
ultimatum that never would he al
low his fair city to provide scenery
for a movie wherein Loretta Young
lives with Ray Midland f1rst-and
marries him later.
This martial procedure, the mayor
pointed out, is sinful and Escondido
will have no part of it. If Columbia
Studios want to remake the picture,
bringing in the preacher first, he
will reconsider.
Director AL Hall had applied for
permission to film exterior shots IN
Escondida, 80 miles south Of Holly
wood, because of luxuriant foliage
here. The mayor demanded to see
the script. He and Mrs. Cooper, a
church leader, read it carefully, par
ticularly that part about the man
living with the woman without bene-
fit of clergy. There isn't type big
enough to spell mo" the way the
mayor put 1t.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17
POPE Plus ASKS
PEACE PRAYERS
Appeals to Whole World
for Renewed Efforts to
Stop Catastrophe

Vatican City, April 17.-(UP)-
Pope Plus XII asked for prayers fol-
peace throughout the world in let
ter to Luigi Cardinal Maglione
papal secrtary of state, made public
today.
The Pope, whose letter was dated
April Is, asked for the peace pray
ers in view of war threats MANAGING
neutrals and acknowledgements.
The letter recalled that the Pope
had done his utmost to attain
peace with justice.
The Pope's letter then urged
worldwide prayers now that the
situation is worse and this terrible
war has broken out, bringing with
it already untold harm and SUI
fering."
I'VE call again on our children
scattered throughout the world to
gather around the altar of the
Virgin Mary, Mother of God, daily
during the next month, consecrated
(Nox,tio,,ad ~, pooo AZ
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17

vide a test for former Air Minister
Sir Linksley Woods claim that the
Allied air forces now rival Ger
many's in men, machines and pro-
duction capacity. Unless and until
German planes have been swept
from the skies, troop transports will
be in peril when they anchor off the
coasts to disembark land forces, as
will the communications by which
the forces must be supplied.
Official quarters said that the
expeditionary force was being "stead-
ily reinforced" For its first cam
paign in history above the Arctic
Circle, Britain had supplied its
troops with white fur jackets, white
sweaters, fur caps, sleeping bags and
jenkins. Most of those already sent,
including Canadians, had been eS-
pecially trained for warfare in
mountainous, snow-bound country in
the expectation that they would cam
paign. as volunteers" in Finland.
Among other novelties of the cam
paign, it was said that the "Tom-
mics" would use reindeer to haul
heavy equipment over the snow.
Urgent Calls Made
Already two urgent calls have been
received at headquarters of the army
blood TRANSMISSION service "for blood
needed at once for use by British
forces in Norway" Headquarters
to the public and 200 air
craft factory workers were among
those who donated blood. 1t was
flown Immediately across the North
Sea.
The British plan was believed to
be to establish as quickly as posi-
BILE, seaplane bases in Norwegian
Fjords, from which to overskim the
scraggy mountains and state Ger
man troops, supply trains, depots
and communication lines. The fore
runner to this has been a series OF
raids on Stavanger and other ports.
It was admitted that British sea
Continued on Page a
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17
Judge Corrects Mistake In
Sentencing Of Eight Men

who was paid 1858 Illegally, six
months in Jail.
Max Epstein, 40, trucker who was
paid $643 for truck hire while the
vehicle was not used, six months in
Jail.
A suspended sentence of six
months was imposed on Nicola Car
uso, as, bookkeeper for Sabia's coal
concern, who was described by the
state as a "tool'' who followed
orders"
The heaviests penalty was given
Walter S. Campbell, former town
purchasing agent, but Judge Booth
discovered an error in the sentence
and Campbell was ordered back into
court for re-sentence. He was
charged with theft of more than
$4,000 municipal funds and was CIV
en- from 2 to 3 years on each of two
counts. Sentences were to run con-
secutively. While he was neroute to
prison Judge Booth discovered his
mistake that the maximum was 3
years. He was returned for a penalty
of 2 to 3 years on the first count.
and three years on the second.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17
German ARR orcesH lave
Attacked British Navy
Units Off Norway Coast
ALLIED FORCES
FACING NAz|S
Come to Grips in Norway
TOday-Test of Air,
Sea Powers
By JOE ALEX MORRIS

UNITED Press Staff Correspondent
Allied armed forces came to grips
with Germany today in Norway. A
great test of NaAi air and allied
see power seemed at hand.
At the little iron-ore port Of Mar
vik, on the Norwegian Arctic coast,
the toughest fighters of the allied
expeditionary force joined with
Norwegian troops to blast at the dar-
ing German invaders, capture at
least a part of the town and drive
the Nazis to the Swedish frontier or
to almost certain humiliation in
the nearby heights.
Commodore Bonte, German naval
commander at Narvik, was killed in
the fighting which left two score
ships Gncluding seven German de-
stroyers,, two or three British de-
stroyers and possibly one British
cruiser) at the bottom of the wide
ford or wrecked,
Off the Norwegian coast, the Ger.
mans reported, British battleshir
WAS IllI ny OeIu1dH I'LL pOulOo, GA
allied transport ship was bombed
and "promably sunk; a British SUBJ
marine was destroyed. In addition.
the high command said, a British
destroyer of the 1870 ton eribal class
(19O officers and mem was sunk off
the Shetland Islands by German
U-boat.
On Western Front
On the western front, there was
more sharp action. Two German
companies were reported by the
French to have advanced toward
British positions and to have been
driven back with heavy casualties.
(Enntinl1ed ON Page Al
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17

In the absence of the jury, Judge
Moscowitz turned jenkins over to
the probation officers with instruc-
tons to "tell the truth if you want
any consideration from me-"
Don't try to save any one" Mos
cowitz told jenkins. Don't try to
help any one. Tell the truth. Can
you do that?"
Red-faced but with his eyes fixed
On the judges face, Jenkins replied,
Eyes, sir"
Guilty to Nine Counts
jenkins, whose brother, Leonard,
Is one Of the other defendants,
pleaded guilty to nine counts of
mail fraud, three of violations of
the securities and exchange act and
one of conspiracy.
He and others were accused Of
helping the ex-convict Muscia,
known to the world as "F. Donald
Coster," respected head of the $685.
100000 McKesson firm, of initiating
company assets through dummy sub
salaries and siphoning away the
parent concerns money.
jenkins had admitted on the stand
last week that he had lied to the
federal grand jury which was in
vestigating the Musica deprada-
lions last March. Moscowitz at
once revoked his bail and remanded
him to jail.
His plea of guilty was made after
his attorney, William Copeland
Dodge, had conferred with the
court during a brief recess.
Jenkins had testified that he was
employed as a laborer for McKes-
son and Robbins by his brother-in-
law, but the government had con-
tended that he was used as dunn
my to build up large brokerage &C
count balances for his sister, Mrs.
Carol CoSter.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17
WPA CREWS IN
CITY ACCUSED
Street Supt Charges Them
With Ineficiency, Neg
leCt of Streets

Charges that WPA crews in Wa
terbury ha e been inefficient anc
negligent are made by Superinten-
dent of Streets Herbert Scott-Smitt
in his report for the first quarter
of the current year. He alleges thai
the WPA left streets in a danger.
GUS condition during the winter
months, making it necessary tt
close some streets while the city
was making repairs.
Supt. Scott-Smith declares thai
laxity on the part of the WPA re-
suited in untold inconvenience" tc
local residents, with numerous
places entirely unsafe. He claims
that trenches, improperly filled by
WPA workmen, sank as much as
three feet.
Thirteen Streets Cited
Thirteen streets are cited specifi-
cally in the charges, with the SUI
perintendent stating that others
could be added to the list. He
alleges hat apparently no effort
was made in some cases to do the
work properly, claiming that even
Jumps of ice were used to fill
trenches after sewers had been in
stalled.
Mr.. Scott-Smith's report, filed
with the board of public works last
night, states that the severity of the
winter caused great damage to city
streets and made necessary a great
deal of extra repair work.
The ground, he says, was frozen
to a depth of more than three feet.
In March, the report says, it was
necessary to resurface $500 linear
feet of pavement damaged by the
cold and snow. Forty streets were
filled in with cinders, and many
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17
SEARCH ON FOR
AMELIA EARHART

Honolulu, April 17-(UP)-In the
belief that Amelia Earhart, famous
flyer, and Fred Noonan, her naviga-
tor, may be still alive, and stranded
on some South Sea Island, Capt,
Irving Johnson will search for them
with his schooner Yankee.
They vanished in the summer of
1887 while on the last leg of round
the world flight and hope for them
generally has been abandoned. Cap
tain johnson said that he would
proceed to the Fiji Islands within
week and conduct a thorough search
through the Tonga group.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17

OF the death of Bonte, the most
important casualty in the German
armed forces since Colleen. Wer-
ner Won F,ritsch died in action be-
fore Warsaw in the Polish CAM
paign, the communique said:
I'm defense of Narvik, destroyer
leader, Captain and Commodore
Bonte fell in heroic fight against
superior British forces. About two
thirds of the crews of the destroyers
which were damaged or put out of
action at Narvik, and whose am
munition was exhausted, reinforced
occupying troops in defense of Mar
vik"
The communique claimed further
successes against Norwegian troops,
and said that on the western front.
German shock troops blew up four
enemy posts southwest of Mes1ig,
shattered troops occupying the
posts, among whom were many Bri-.
tons, and brought back prisoners,
guns and ammunition.
Report on Norway
OF Norwegian developments the
communique said:
zone Norwegian division which
resisted when German troops &C.
cupied the iron ore railroad in the
Narvik region was dissolved with
bloody losses for the opponents. A
number of soldiers were taken priS-
oner, the rest fled over the Swedish
border"
1t said the railway had been oc-
cupied up to the Swedish frontier.
"a German detachment took
Kongsvinger $50 miles northeast Of
CONTINUED on Page ~
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17
MARINE LOSES HAND

New London, Conn.,, April IT
(UP)-The left hand of William
Henry Rapp, %, a marine at the
U. S. Submarine base, was amputat-
ed today as result of what police
believed might have been a railroad
accident.
Rapp was found near the railroad
tracks late last night. With him was
another marine, John P. Setter, who
told them he didn't know how his
companion was hurt. Rapp's condi-
ton was considered serious.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17
John J. jenkins
Of Fairfield Has
Changed His Story
Judge Moscowitz Said to Him Don't Try to Save Any
One'-Don't Try to Help Any One'-''Tell
the TRUTH

New York, April II. - CUP - John J. jenkins Of
Fairfield Conn., brothe1i-aw of the late Philip Musica,
pleaded guilty in Federal Court today to completely in
Musicals $21 100000 swinde of McKesson and Robbins
Drug Company jenkins changed his plea from
guilty to guilty before Judge Grover M Moscowz inter-
rupting the testimony of John H. McGloon, one-time
McKesSon ceresdent in the trial of five of Musicals
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17
DEWEY HAS FIGHT
FOR LEADERSHIP
COP Committeeman Simp=
son Will Challenge Him
for N. Y. Control
BY LYLE C. WILSON
UNITED Press Staff CORRESPONDENCE

Omitted Press Staff Correspondent
Philadelphia, April 17.-(UP)-
Republican National Committeeman
Kenneth F. Simpson today is po-
tential recruit for the Stop-Dewey
movement after a promise here that
he would not be deprived of the
New York state party leadership
without a hell of fight"
Simpson said the supporters Of
District Attorney Thomas E. Dewey
were attempting to purge him in a
maneuver similar to the one Presi-
dent Roosevelt directed against sew
eral anti-NeW Deal legislators in
1888. The state casts 90 convention
votes.
The New York national commit
teeman seemed eager to qualify his
statement sufficiently to enable him
to go along with the nomination OF
Dewey if the Republican national
convention bolts in that direction.
But he also smiled his consent to
(Continued on Page ~
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17
THE WORLD WAR
Is YEARS AGO,
APRIL IL, 1915
(By United Press)

(By United Press)
Hill go captured by British
forces in offensive three Miles
southeast Of Ypres.
Austrian offensive toward Stryi
East GaliCia, failed.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17
TREASURY BALANCE

Washington, April II (UP)-Gov-
eminent expenses and receipts for
the current seal year through April
18th, compared with a year ago:
This Year Expenses Last Year
$7,557, 540, 57S.59 $7,1SS,131, 265.91
Receipts
,62o.4S $4,523,1SS,551.s3
Gross Deficit
$2,s6S,s71, s5S.11 $2,664,ss7.714Os
Net Deficit
$2,S93,915,45s.11 s2,62S,97s,414OS
Cash Balance
$2,365, 7O1 ,95S.16 $3,171,4S2,sS3.SS
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17

Our new store will open next week
at IS East Main st. Watch for open
ing announcement. Schneiders. Adv.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17
Reinforcements Pour
Over Seas To Norway
British, French, Polish Ships Carrying Thousands Of
Troops Are flurrying to Get Into Battle
With Germans
BY J. H. YINDRICH
UNITED Press Staff Correspondent

London April IT, - (UP) - Reinforcements for the
British Expetonary Force reported pouring
the North Sea today in British, French and Polish Ships
while the British air force prepared for major campaign
Norway to obtain landing places fierce struggle for
air supremacy was forecast that probably will pro-
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17

Choose . diamond at PierpOnt's, 15S
Bank St., and know that your choice
Is q stone Of fine quality.-Adv.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17

Red Cross Shoes add smartness TO
spring outfits. Only $3.50 pair. l.
Solo Co. LOG Grand Street-Adv.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17

Positions are open. We are placing
both men and women! Post Junior
College, "a Central Ave.-AdV.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17
The Weather

Light Rain Tonight;
Showers Thursday
full Weather Report Page 3
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17

Continued on Page ~
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-04-17

CONTINUED on Page ~
Evening star., 1940-03-14
81 Zonta Members
BIRTHDAYS Marked

The weekly luncheon Of the Zonta
Club yesterday was In the form Of
. birthday party for "a members
whose birthday anniversaries oc-
CURED during the past six months.
Boutonnieres and gifts were pre-
sented the honorees and the guest
speaker, Mrs. Helen Noodle, gave
numerous talk on "How to Ad-
vertise Your Birthday Successfully" ]"
Leonora E. Reed, soprano, ac-
companied by Mrs. Anna s. Thomas,
sang an appropriate song.
Honorees included Helen Stein
barger. Emily Dickinson, Ruth Shell
don, Arletta Aherns, Estelle Foster,
Amelia Guide Thomas, Eta Mai
Russell, Virginia Hammond, Mir
lam Birdseye. May Meyer McElroy,
Winifred Burweu, Jennings Law
lor, Elizabeth Ogilvie, Adelaide
Courtney Flanagan, Sarah Weather.
all, Esther Guide, Josephine Pres
colt, Anna Muddiman, Constance
Porter, Vera Lundquist, Sarah Car
rick, Ethel Hess, Alice Terrell, Eliza
beth Beresford, Florence Thompson,
Elizabeth Cox, Clara McGrath.
Florence Sindell, Lillian Cox Athey,
Katherine Fox, Frances Powell Hill,
Marion Hines Taylor, Nan Street
and Elizabeth Haney.
Evening star., 1940-03-14

tional representation and spoke par
ticularly OF the printed matter on
this question it has made available
to members Of Congress. Recalling
that the organization Is only about
. year old. Mr.. Suter commented
that it "had started OF on q run as
soon as 1t was organized"
Mrs. Lloyd A. Morrison, club presi-
dent, turned the program over to
Mrs. Harvey w. Wiley, first vice
president, who introduced the speak
er and guests. Mrs. Wiley also pre-
sented as guest artist Miss Beatrice
Psnkney Jones in a program Of
music contrasts" interpreted on the
piano.
Earlier Mrs. Horace Phelps, Sec
ond vice president, made a report of
the public welfare situation In the
District. Conceding that local citi-
zens would like to have "'Washing-
ton set an example for the Nation, !"
Mrs. Phelps pointed out 1t cannot
be done without money. In this
connection she drew attention to
the new revenue problem created by
the decision Of the Court of Appeals
for the District endangering the
present income tax law.
1T would not be unreasonable for
the Federal Government to share
Evening star., 1940-03-14

equally with the local government
the cost Of the welfare program.
especially - the Federal Govern
ment, through the Bureau Of the
Budget and Congress, determines
what that program shall be-" Mrs.
Phelps added.
Informal Tea Hour.
An informal tea hour followed the
meeting. Mrs. Ernest Humphrey
Daniel, president Of the District
Federation Of Women's Clubs, who
was special guest, presided at the
tea table with Mrs. Edgar B. Merritt.
Among other guests were Mrs.
Thomas Faris, Mrs. Eugene Thomp-
son. Mrs. Hugh Butler, Mrs. John L.
McGrew and Mrs. Harry Landrus,
who were with Mrs. Morrison; Mrs.
Pierce Ashburn and Mrs. Oscar Mel
son, the guests of Mrs. LeVerne
Beales; Mrs. William T. Bell, for
merly Of Evanston, ILL.,, and Mrs. w.
w. Husband, who were with Mrs.
Merritt; Mrs. Brice Hoard and Miss
Mary Yates, who were with Mrs.
Frederick Yates; Mrs. Frank Mac
Maugh and Mrs. T. s. Tncher, who
were with Mrs. Otto Hammerlund; !;
Mrs. George Norris, with Mrs. Frank
M. Stuart. and Mrs. G. M. Wood
worth, with Mrs. A. A. Ludwig.