davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-03-03
D. A. R. TO
HAVE BOOK REVIEW
THURSDAY, MARCH IA

In connection with the Golden
Jubilee project the Stamp Defiance
chapter, Daughters of the Ameri'
can Revolution, will have the second
in a series of book reviews, on
Thursday evening, March IA at 8
O'Clock at the home of Miss Mary
Lem Boykin, 514 Princess street,
when Miss Emma Loosen, of the
high school faculty.. will review
Drums" by James Do.d.
All members Of the chapter are
invited to attend.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-03-03
STAMP DEFIANCE
WILL HAVE
MEETING ON FRIDAY

The Stamp Defiance chapter,
Daughters Of the American Revo.
luton, will hold a meeting at the
home of Mrs. Ernest Bullock, $40
Market street, Friday evening,
March 8, at 8 o'clock. A program
on American music has been arrang-
ed by Mrs. Eric Norden. Those to
be presented on the evenings pro-
gram will be Mrs. S. A. Troy, Jr.,
Mrs. Eric Norden, Mrs. o. o. Hum.
phries, and Miss Emma Tillery will
give an interesting paper on Hall
fax House.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-03-03
WALLACE WOMAN'S CLUB
TO HAVE ART FESTIVAL

The Wallace Woman's club has
extended the following invitation to
the North Carolina Sorosis to at
tend the Fine Arts Festival spon-
sored by the Book and Muslc de-
partment of the club on Tuesday
evening, March 5, at 8 o'clock IN
the high school auditorium.
The program will feature Mrs.
Bernice Kelly Harris, author, Mrs.
Ruth Wick Everett, of the North
Carolina Education association, ana
Miss Estelle Cooney, Mrs. LYDIA La"
Chapman and Mrs. Bartram Kobe.
son, musicians Of Flora Macdonald
college.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-03-03
C. Sorosis
Will Conduct
Business Meet
.,n,tive Board Meet Plan
sd For 3 O'Clock Thurs
dav At Clubhouse

81, monthly business meeting OF
,.ortb Carolina Sorosis CLUB
!" ,, T., held Thursday afternoon at
VIII ,,o,,. at the sorosis clubhouse
yor,b Third street. A meeting
'4 executive board will be held
at 8 o'clock
,ssnge in the constitution Of
a .,,h will be voted upon, a no.
fn '.o+ing committee elected for the
nl |.a wear and delegates nominal
y tn the state federation to be
~ W, in Greensboro on May 1-3.
n,o,s for the Golden Jubilee
,,l.Sdav party to be held on March
!, uill he discussed at this meet
Ing,
,ul attendance is urged.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-03-03
Miriam Solomon
Becomes Bride
Of Mr.. Baggett
Wedding Solemnized Saturday
Evening, March 2,
Here

The following announcement will
be read with interest:
Mr.. and Mrs. J.. l.. Solomon
announce the marriage of
their daughter
Miriam
to
Mr.. Charles C. Baggett
Saturday evening, March second
One thousand nine hundred
and forty
Wilmington, North Carolina
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-03-03
ISAAC BEAR PIT. A.
EXECUTIVE BOARD TO
HOLD MEET TUESDAY

An executive board meeting Of the
Isaac Bear Parent-Tescher associa-
ton will be held Tuesday afternoon
at 2:3O o'clock at the school. All
officers and chairmen of committees
are requested to be persent.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-03-03
JUNIOR
WILL D MEET


The Junior Kings Daughters will
hold their regular meeting at the
home of Misses Dorothy and Jane
McEwen, Wednesday afternoon at
4 o'clock. All members are urged
to be present.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-03-03
Lucy Powell
Engaged To Wed
F.P. Gray, Jr.
Wedding Of Whiteville Couple
Will Take Place During
Month Of May

WHITEVILLE, March 2-Mr.
and Mrs. Alexander Elmo Powell, Of
Whiteville, t h e engage.
ment of their daughter, Lucy Nc.
Kinnon, to Frederick Pendleton
Gray, Jr., of Whitnville, son of Mrs.
Frederick Pendleton Gray and the
late Mr.. Gray, of Lumberton.
The wedding will take place in
May,
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-03-03
MISS ANNE
S. GRANGER
MARRIAGE

The marriage of Miss Anne Hay
duke and Charles S. Granger, OF
this city, was solemnized on Thurs
day, February 20, in Marion, South
Carolina.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-03-03
Birth Announced

Mr.. and Mrs. E. N. Small, Jr.,
announce the birth of a daughter,
Lydia Theone, on February 27, at
the Marion Sprunt annex.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-03-03
Birth Announced

Mr.. and Mrs. J. R. Branch, of
Winter Park, announce the birth OF
a son, on February 81, at the Marion
Sprunt annex.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-03-03
Birth Announced

sanoup saa Mrs, Edward NJ. Mey]and
Inc birth of a daughter,
MARION sprunt annex.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-03-03
mlLlE MAE BISHOP,
nIAhLES E. MERRITT
NoUNCE MARRIAGE

A'unce th. Nrs' l.. D. Bishop an
tr, sa, ,le marriage of their daugh-
Merritt. Mae to Charles Edwin
Fsbruar%"e oolng took place Friday,
Ina. TO- at Marion, South Caro-
alpaca uits was attired in navy blue
The c ", -, matching accessories.
At sos lSapie will make their home
lace street, Wilmington.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-01-17
J0HnSONIS kChINHEAD
 OF CANNER!S
Northwest , a Imon AsSo- (iafion Holds EIec-
 fion in Seattle

c. F. Johnson of International Packing c om D any was reelected President of the Northwest Salmon Gamers Association at a recent meeting held in Seattle.
 Eric F'ribrock of Snug Harbor Packing Company was elected to serve a second term as Vice-Presi- dent of the association, and A. l. Ellsworth was retained as Secretary Treasurer.
 Trustees who were named to serve during 1940 are: E. M. Brennan of Haines Packing Company, H. O. Roberts of Uganik Fisheries, Lawr- ence F'reebun of Pyramid Packing Company. w A. Estus of Cook Inlet Packing Company, J. w. Parks of Pioneer Seafoods Company, A. w Wittig of Shepard Point Packing Company, and A. P Wolf of Hood Bay Canning Company.
 E. M. Brennan replaces the late William T. Hale of the Wrangel Packing Company on the board. The ether members of the board Ot trustees all served during the past year.
 Tn outlining policies for the com.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-01-17

Glass wool is made from silica sand, soda ash and limestone. It may or may not contain scrap glass or ether materials.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-01-17

IN THE DISTRICT COURT FOR THE TERRITORY OF ALASKA, DIVISION NUMBER ONE, AT KETCHIKAN.
 IN THE MATTER OF THE REG ULAR JANUARY, 1940 TERM OF THE DISTRICT COURT FOR THE FIRST DIVISION OF THE TERRI TORY OF ALASKA, AT JUNEAU. NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That pursuant to an Order of the Court dated November IT, 1889, Regular January. 1940 Term of the United States District Court for the First Division of the Territory of Alaska will be held in the court room of the Federal Building at Juneau, Alaska, beginning at the hour of o'clock in the afternoon of January 9, 1940.
 In witness whereof I have here unto set my hand and caused the seal of the above entitled court to be affixed at Ketchikan, this 17th day of November. 1889.
 ROBERT E. COUGHLIN,
 Clerk of the US. District
 Court adv.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-01-17
ALASKA TAXES
 A2pASSENGERS
 FOR WESTWARD

Fcrty-two passengers took passage to the Westward on the steamer Alaska last night, one of the largest crowds sailing out of here for the Westward in many weeks. It was the first boat to Seward and way ports in two weeks because Of the temporary tie-up Of the Mount Mo Kinley last week.
 To Seward, passengers were R. C.. Folsom and wife, H L. Hart and wife. George Louden, Eleanor Duran, F. c. Jamieson, T. E. Ferry. Al Tor gerson, Mrs. M. E. Holben, Ray Smith. c. E. Goudie H. c. Torger- son. o. Lilligraven. A. B. Betts, Viva Femmer. George Anderson, M Mat suda. Ivar E. Conn, John T. Conn. c. P. Gainor R. McComb. Jerry AL len. Don Freeman. Harold LeSell, Stanley Snyder, Mrs. George Lou den.
 To Cordoya - Gren Collins. M Hegeberg, Chris Xiros, Carl Edmund,
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-01-17
NORAH SAILS
 SOUTH; MANY
 TAKE PASSAGE

There were thirty-two passengers embarking today on the steamer Princess Norah, which vessel did not arrive in Juneau until 9 o'clock this morning. delayed in waiting for a late White Pass and Yukon Route train at Skagway.
 Sailing were H. L. Faulkner, L. H. McCloy, Judge Cecil Clegg. J. A. Nasenius. George Miscovich. H. N. Evans, P. Haines. George Lane. MT. sand Mrs. F. Serdar. Mir, and Mrs. J. ". McDaniels, George Justin, Mrs. V. Newlin, G. A. Morrison. M. A. Pinska, A. L. Nerland. Miss E. Cameron, R. L. Bernard, Thomas Kelly R. Markus, N. Jensen, P. H. Sloan, E. Habson, R. Storie, Baby Serdar Mir. and Mrs. J. Mckay L. Snmson, w. c. Wood, V. C.. Baker, w. Thomey.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-01-17
ALLEN TO ANCHORAGE

Gerald Allen left for Anchorage on the steamer Alaska. He expects to work in the Westward for the remainder of the winter.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-01-17

Alaska, including 8 60-hour clos ure period for commercial salmon fishing each week, do not apply to uollers, it was announced today by Clarence Olson, Bureau of Fisheries Warden in charge of the Juneau offices of the bureau for the winter.
 Considerable fear had been evidenced on the part Of Alaskas 2,000 trollers that they, too, came under the increased closure period
 Olson said trollers are explicitly exempted from the increase in closure hours and the Sunday law on trolling rest applies as it has before.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-01-17

Oddly enough thousands of bees through the mails day without boheng the postal employees because they like the illustrated travel special lined with nectar Amsterdam Netherlands to Sydney Australia mile postage $125O Odd
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-01-17

Try The I.sp1rc classifieds fof results.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-01-17
MARINE NEWS
STEINER MOVEMENTS
. se Q , NORTHBOUND
aku due Saturday.
 SCHEDULED SAILINGS

ctuEDtI LID CAtLf4Nbp
 Northland is scheduled to sail from Seattle January l9 at 10 a. m. Mount Mckinley scheduled to sail from Seattle January 20 at g a. m. Tongass scheduled to sail from Seattle January B at 9 D. m. Princess Norah scheduled to } sail from Vancouver Jan- uary 26 at 9 D. m. SOUTHBOUND SAILINGS
 North Coast cheduled to arrive
 in port Thursday afternoon and sails south at 10 o'clock Thursday night.
 Alaska scheduled southbound
 Monday. LOCAL SAELiNGS , Estebeth scheduled to sail every } Wednesday at D. m for Sit ka and wayports. Dart leaves every Wednesday } at T a. m. for Petersburg, Port Alexander, Rake and way ) ports. 9 S es
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-01-17

ing year Johnson emphasized that the close cooperation with the As sociation of Pacific Fisheries would be continued.
 The close cooperation of the two packers organizations has accom- plished many benefits for the in dusty This has been evident both in poduction and the advertising program for canned salmon. These cooperative efforts will be continued during 1940, Johnson said.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1940-01-17

Nick Malchek, Anne Davis
 To Kodiak James Cassidy, Svend Thorp, John Dobnieker. John Stel- ger.
 To Skagway-E. Westall, Mrs. w A. Shafer.
 To Haines-Mrs. J. w. Brown. To Yakutat-B Bertha Fiber.
 To Valdez Charles Swanson.
The weekly echo., 1940-07-26

arrived at NJ l. College, Monday
morning at HOO o'clock, and after
luncheon ! went Immediately into class
work ! took for credit the course.
The Christian Task at Home. The
IDEAL reason l selected this subject n
preference to any other was l want
to be a better Christian, and know
better how to serve God and my fell
bowman. attended this class every
required period, and / feel much better
and greatly benefited. l aiso visited two
other classes; Christian Worship and
Evangelism in the Home. From these
subjects ] understand better the way
the christians should live. visited
Chapel each day and was greatly in
spired. My stay on the mountain top
was real vision of the world of peace
and enjoyment. My very soul is revived
my spiritual strength has been renewed,
and l have better courage to go On
better prepared for Christian Leadership
at home. From the wonderful, the
@unexcelled happenings at this school
we should be assets to the different
localities in which we serve. I'm sure
we all feel more qualified to render
Christian service; no matter what our
position might be. One of the Creates
inspirations in the meeting was the way
it was so quietly and earnestly con.
Quoted In the auditorium every one
seemed to be so sincere when coming
into the place of worship until the
presence of God could not be hindered
Uf all the things l have learned, seen
and heard, with such an efficient ano
outstanding staff of Instructors, il
compels me to say, at was good to have
been there, to witness some or these
things.
appreciate the opportunity to be
given a chance to express myself in
this manner by Dean R. L. Young, and
am now looking forward to the Lead
ership Training School of 1871.
The weekly echo., 1940-07-26

My soul has been Lifted to a spiritual
height that will not only cause my life
TO be better, but / am anxious and
doubly willing to share the experience
that / have received with all with whom
come in contact. ! will never grow
tired or impatient, but have come to
the conclusion that too. glory in the
cross of Christ"
! am reminded of the story OF those
that went to the spring to get water
some carried cups, some jars some jugs
and some barrels, every one according to
his desire. So it is with life, you may
get whatever amount of Christ's bles-
sings that your soul desireth. l feel
that l was selfish, but glad that l so
desired to bring my barrel, and now
1t is stored full of wholesome instructions
trimming full, even ready to overflow,
and / feel as David did of old. My
lips have been touched with live
coal, and / am ready now to say, Here
am /, Lord, send me-"
shall not fail, nor shall my task
appall me, though it may seem too
heavy for my hands, I know that he
who to the task did call me will give me
strength to meet that tasks demands
The weekly echo., 1940-07-26
How | enjoyed The
Session OF

THE LEADERSHIP TRAINING SCHOOL
BY Beatrice Washington, 405 Grant st
Corinth, Mississippi
The weekly echo., 1940-07-26
Leadership Training
By Viola Aston, Ackerman, Mississippi

By Viola Aston, Ackerman, Mississippi
The systematic development and
cultivation of natural powers by incul
cations and examples takes care of your
' mind and shapes your intellect by max
ing the most of good thoughts. Leader
ship training is not merely a process
! Of craming the mind with letters, but
it is the exercise and development OF
! the mental powers. This training calls
forth the hidden energies of the soul
and fits those who are consecrated to
become the pillars and bulwarks of
society. 1t teaches the mind to labor
with skill, to grasp and grapple with
important and serious problems in such
a way that they yield to the skilled
forces brought to bear upon them. The
mind is brought to point where it
can properly perceive its own powers,
to know what it can and cannot do
By sufficient training it is made capable
Of attaining many things.
Through training our minds we may
become great leaders like: Mrs. R. P.
Neblett, Mrs. Alice Oliver, Miss Carrie
Brown, Dean R. L. Young, President
w. M. Frazier, Bishop Moore and many
others. Training has taught the world
that we are noble in reason and inf
mite in ability Training leads us thru
every trying emergency ana teaches us
to move obstacle after obstacle until
the path lies open to the goal of the
pinnacle of success. Through study,
the mind achieves problems that make
us exclaim with a confidence that will
stand where he leads me, will fol
low"
The weekly echo., 1940-07-26
About Folk We
Know

Sunday, July 81, Miss Rennie Ray
Strayhorn spent the day in jackson,
Mississippi, visiting While in the city
she was the house guest of Mr.. and
Mrs Chauncy Davis.
Mrs. Erlean Price who has been on
the sick list for a week or more is
improving nicely at her home.
Mrs Nettie Mae Mosley is improving
nicely at her home on Barnaccle
Springs Drive.
NJ. w. N. Knott of Kewanee was
pleasant visitor in the office last week
on business pertaining to his local lodge
Mr.. Cleveland Cole, H.B.A. President
No. 50, was in thhe office Saturday OF
last week on business.
Miss Lille Brown who underwent an
operation recently in the Meridian
Sanitarium is doing nicely at her home
Mr.. George Frank Sims is recuper-
ating after undergoing an operation a
few weeks age.
The weekly echo., 1940-07-26
The State Convention
'Of the H.B.A. Gets Big
Start Monday At $3.50

The State Convention of the Holbrook
Benevolent Association of the state OF
Mississippi is to be, called to order
Monday morning at 900 o'clock by the
General President, Rev. E. F. Young.
The devotional service will open at
$50, conducted by the general chaplain,
Rev, J. E. Grace of Porterville, Miss
At 900 o'clock the general secretary,
Rev. r. L Young will call the roll.
Other general officers to take an active
part will be E. F. Young, Jr, Vice
President R. W. Radcliffe, Treasurer;
Agents VIM. Kinslow of Waynesboro
and A. ]. Barnett of Hattiesburg.
Thousands of delegates, members and
friends will be attending and visiting
this convention during its two days
session Monday and Tuesday.
BANQUET
One of the big features of the Con-
vention will be the annual banquet
which will take place Tuesday at 7:30
in the evening
PRIZES
Many prizes will be awarded to the
presidents and secretaries who have
kept the best local lodge record. Prizes
will also be awarded to the local lodges
having the largest number of members
present Tuesday.
ANNUAL SERMON
The annual sermon will be preached
Monday at 11Uo M. by Reverend E. A
Wilson Methodist minister of Laurel,
Mississippi. A great convention is ant
cipated.
The weekly echo., 1940-07-26

hDVEREAND d. w.. NOAIEo, pastor Oh
the Union Baptist Church, who has
just closed a most successful two
weeks revival at the Mt. Carmel Church
Hattiesburg, Mississippi, Rev. A. L.
Perkins, pastor.
During this revival many souls were
brought into the fold many erring
ones reclaimed ard the saints edited
Sunday, July %, Rev. Coates will
preach the fifty-eighth anniversary Of
the Great Day Street Baptist Church
of Montgomery, Alabama and the 18th
Anniversary of Reverend M. c. Cleve
land, DID,, pastor. This is expected to
De a great occasion and the earnes,
prayers of interested ones are desired
The weekly echo., 1940-07-26

Education of the c. M E. Church.
MIR. Chester A. Kirkendoll, Director
of Leadership Training of the General
Board of Religious Education, CINE.
Church.
Mrs R. P Neblett, Counselor Rev.
E. L. Siggers, Registrar; kev. II. l..
Young, Dean.
Able instruction was offered in he
following courses:
Christian Worship, Mrs. R. P Neblett;
Life of Christ Rev. D. NJ Montgomery;
Guiding Children in Christian Growth,
Miss Carrie Brown; The Christian Task
at Home, Mrs. Allie M. Reeves; Work
of the Pastor, Bishop J. H. Moore;
Christian Evangelism, Rev. j L. Tolbert
Guiding Youths Approach to Religion,
Rev S. J. Laws; Craft, Mrs. A. c.
Oliver, State Supervisor Of County
Demonstration Agents.
inspirati0nal Speakers
Tuesday, July 16, Rev. c. Thomas, Pc
Columbus District, CINE Church.
Wednesday, July II, Bishop J. H Moore
Continued on page three
The weekly echo., 1940-07-26

MOUND BAYOU, Miss, July 26 (ANP)
The Knights and Daughters of Tabor.
of Mississippi, will lay the cornerstone
to their $4,000 hospital on Friday. Aug.
Construction of the hospitar is now
underway under the supervision of
McKissack & McKissack, building con
tractors of Nashville.
The Organization has membership
IN Mississippi of more than $4,000 and
has cash assets of nearly 100000. The
organization has existed in Mississippi
for more than so years. The executive
officers are: P. M. Smith, chief grand
mentor, Mound Bayou; w. M. Lee. chief
grand scribe, Shelby; Katie Aills, grand
high priestess, Mound Bayou; Joseph
Belts, chief grand treasurer. Clarksdale
E. B. Robinson, chief grand recorder
Greenville; E. G. Mason, chief grand
crater, Clarksdales and B. A. Green,
attorney, Mound Bayou.
The principal speaker at the cere-
monies will be DR.. A. w. Dumas, presi
dent of the National Medical association
OF Natchez- Other speakers will include
7. j. Huddleston, and DR.. l. T. Miller,
Yazoo City, sponsors and promoters of
the Afro American hospital the only
Negro owned and operated hospital in
Mississippi Mr.. Huddleston is custo
dian for the organization and DR.. Miller
is supreme president and medical di
rector.
The hospital project of the Knights
and Daughters of Tabor is the largest
ever undertaken by the organization
IN its history ad promises to be a def
mite asset to the order and the Negro
race throughout the South.
Representatives of other Fraternal and
Medical organizations will also be
present and appear on the program.
The weekly echo., 1940-07-26
LIE ad rship
Trainir g
By Mrs. Gertrude Mum,
5O4 Hill Street

504 Hill Street
Water Valley, Mississippi
To the Dean, Instructors and Student
body that made up this great Leader
ship Training School, and friends:
1t gives me pleasure to try to express
my gratitude for having had the plea
sure to enjoy the many blessings that
have been mine on the mountain top of
the great meeting For it was like tn.
precious ointment upon the head that ran
down upon the beard, even Aaron's
beard, that went down to the skirts of
His garment: therefore, l am ready to
say, Behold, how good and how pleasant
it is for brethren to dwell together in
unity. For there the Lord commanded
the blessing even life forever more
The weekly echo., 1940-07-26
INVITATION

Fl. B. A. Lodge No. 9, with Mrs
Minnie Irby as president, invites all
H.B.A.'s and friends to be with them
On the second Lords day in August
Mrs. Minnie Irby President and Julia
Armstrong, Secretary.
Mrs. Cecil Wilson is very i'll at the
home of her father and mother, Rev
and Mrs. J. c. Armstrong.
The weekly echo., 1940-07-26
Training
School
By Mrs. Clara Lindsey
Ripley, Mississippi

Ripley, Mississippi
The Pastors, Missionary Women, Lay
men and Young Peoples Leadership
framing School convened at Mississippi
industrial College in Holly Springs,
Mississippi, July Is to 20, directed by
Dean R. L. Young, Pc. of Meridian
District and Mrs. R. P. Neblett, Coun
eslor, of Water Valley, Mississippi.
This being the 18th consecutive year
for this work, it was initiated by the
above mentioned persons, having rich
experience that furnishes knowledge
for the leadership problems. The at
tendance was larger than in the pre-
ceding years and in every way was
decidedly better and filled with greater
interest.
Mrs Neblett had a great array of
aides, all trained in some type of lead
ership work Many leading executives
lent their presence. The very efficient
faculty headed by Administration Of
ficers as follows:
The Right Rev. J. H. Moore, Presiding
Bishop of the 7th Episcopal District of
the CINE. Churcn.
Rev B. Julian Smith, General Secre-
taary of the General Board of Religious
The weekly echo., 1940-07-26
WILL LAY CORNERSTONE AT new HOSPITAL
H.B.A. Convention Starts July %
|LEADEh SHIP TRAINING
SCHOOL

IL { AiA.A
The weekly echo., 1940-07-26
Will Lay Cornerstone
At Hospital At Mound
Bayou, Miss.

MOUND BAYOU, Miss, July &c (ANP)
The Knights and Daughters of Tabor,
OF Mississippi, will lay the cornerstone
10 their $4,000 hospital on Friday, Aug.
The Key West citizen., 1940-11-22

pose, the army viii think the "a
hour day it has mapped out has
failed in its purpose.
On four days each week, at
least ii hours will be active or
working hours, with time out
only for eating and catching your
breath. On Wednesdays and Sat
urdays, most of the boys viii get
an afternoon off from strenuous
training.
Back of this schedule lies the
idea that men must be honed up
to fighting form by hard work
and hard play. In most other
nations. armies get two years 10
pummeI their civilian manpoWer
into fighting units. Our training
period is only year.
From To s
So usually. II viii be up at 6.
and one darn thing after another
until about 5. Then supper, q
movie or boxing bout and bed,