davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-07-13

casually from behind a film OF
cigarette smoke, and his tipped
back hat gave a reckless sort of air
to an otherwise strong and serious
face. He smiled briefly again. and
strong white teeth flashed between
smooth straight lips.
There's no regular fee for trips
to South America" he said. What's
the job worth to you?"
Phyllis could feel herself trem-
bling with rage at the mans i'm
pudence, but better judgment eau
toned her to hold her temper.
There would be plenty of time to
even the score with him, and there
was no denying he was good looking
The job is worth $500" she said
evenly, taking the first figure that
come into her mind. "All expenses
paid"
The young man snuffed out his
Evening star., 1940-07-13
Dangerous Voyage
Patricia Morgan sI3lfI E416S Qea @

The story thus far: Phyllis OBrien
she has been going for several months
and whom she loves and intends to
marry, is about to leave on a cruise to
South America with Ada Burwick,
wick. Enraged at what she considers
cross man-hunting tactics on the part
OF Ada. Phyllis. on the day the cruise
ship Georgia Is to sail. takes early leave
lives with her wealthy uncle. Michael
OBrien. and drives to New York. De-
termined to go on the cruise herself
she decides that hiring an escort from
one OF the many escort bureaus to go
with her will be one good way Of ex-
citing Dicks jealousy and reviving his
Evening star., 1940-07-13

ovsr-heels in love. Do I make my.
self clear?"
Perfectly, Miss O'Brien. And
assure you 1t will be easy"
That's the idea exactly. Only
you don't have to start the pretty
speeches until we're on the boat"
Very well. But would you mind
telling me the plot behind all this?"
Phyllis Explains.
"The plot is simply this: The
man I am going to marry is sailing
on the Georgia with another girl
and her mother. The girl is little
snake and she thinks she's going to
pull a fast one and get Dick Weiland
away from me. But she isn't"
That's very claer." Algae slipped
his chocolate, set the cup down and
grinned. VERY clear except, what
about your folks?"
II don't have any folks" Phyllis
said. "but I have an uncle, Michael
OBrien, whom I'm going to wireless
as soon as we're out of the harbor.
I'm going to tell him that the boat
sailed before I could get off and I'm
on my way to South America"
Doesn't sound very convincing to
me-"
well, I'm not sending the wire to
you"
True enough, but why not wangle
some kind of invitation from this
gals folks Anything would do, you
know. just word about how nice
it would be if you were going along,
and then instead of the usual oh
I'd love 1t but of course I couldn't
you'd say, Fine, I think I shall'"
Algae looked at his wrist watch.
"You have almost IL hours to get
that invitation. Why don't you get
busy? And I'll meet you on the
boat"
Copyright, 1910, the Chicago Daily
News. Inc)
Tomorrow Algae demonstrates
complete competence in arranging
their plans.
Evening star., 1940-07-13
Deaths Reported

Louise d Ridley. 1913 Newton st.
Iohn T. Howarth. 351A 10th St
Caroline Lewis, Home for Aged.
Annie V. Hill 1903 Perry pl.
Aaron Colman. 1245 9Th st.
Alce L: Murray. 1912 Goth st.
Henry Foster, Garfield Hospital.
Eaymond E. Oden. 6O3 Irving st
George II. Charron. 1850 Wisconsin ave-
Gnarles Bentson. Emergency Hospital.
Dpamiel OConnor. GallinRer Hospital
Homa Cation. Providence Hospital
Lloyd LLOYD E. Loveridge 3O1 Todd oil. ne.
Wi!ilam I. Curtis, 1900 Meade st. ne
adI Chapman Harrel. st: Elizabeths Hospital
Aoranam Butler. st. Elizabeths Hospital
Saily Thomas. Freedmen's Hospital.
Robert L. Jackson, jr., Freedmen's Hospital
virsinia Burton. GalIinger Hospital.
BernArd Mack. Gallinger Hospital.
Evening star., 1940-07-13
CHAPTER II.

The Hollywood Escort Bureau was
on the third floor of an unpreten-
tious building of Fifth avenue, and
If Phyllis had any preconceived
notions Of what the inside OF an
escort bureau looked like before she
went in, they were shattered as the
door closed behind her. A filing
cabinet and a small desk, with a
telephone on it, and two straight
backed chairs constituted the office
furniture. The personnel, at the
moment, consisted of a young and
serious looking man seated at the
desk, peering from behind she'll
trimmed glasses and under lifted
Evening star., 1940-07-13
$500 Lottery Fine Imposed

Rennie H Wilson, 80, of Seat
Pleasant, Md, was fined $500 in
Police Court at Upper Marlboro yes
terday on charges of operating a
lottery. He was arrested Monday
In a raid on an alleged numbers
establishment in a Seat Pleasant
home. according to Prince Georges
County police.
Evening star., 1940-07-13
Van Hyninq to Be Sworn In

Welfare Director Robert E. Bondy
announced yesterday that Conrad
Van Hyning, recently appointed
principal assistant welfare director.
will be sworn into office next Tues
day at 10 am.
Evening star., 1940-07-13

The recent naval battle between
British and French fleets was the
nrst since 1905, when Nelson de-
1eated Napoleon's feet off Trafalpar
Evening star., 1940-07-13
NAVY.
RTYREAu1 nE NAVV<S Arv0Ny

DShEhU Of NAtlGATION.
=, stroyer Division 81 to Atlantic suuadron. s
MOTIFS, II. Comdr. Robert M. from d. s.
5. Borle to Annapolis
ogie, 1t Comdr. Gerald B., from U. 8. q.
Yukon to U. s. 8. Prairie
Scnmldt: 1t. Comdr. Frank W.. from d.
rs s. Hannibal to U. 8. S. Bowditch.
Ihackrey. 1t, Comdr. Lyman A.. from
t;eio DeS.royer DIVISION 53 to Destroyer Dr.
Lannins. minis. 1t. Caleb B.: from Cruiser Dr.
Macdonald. 1t. Donald J.. from WASH
ol inston to Cruiser Division 8. 0 ""'"
SSonn9r Sonadrc, L. Michael G., from Patrol
stokes, 1t. Phillip G., from q. s. 8. New
orleans to Cruiser Division Z.
Dale to San Diego. A " o. o.
Miater; ate1;t,Lt. 1t. q: - Charles c.. jr.. from
Jensen, Ensign Leo R., from u. q. q.
iucker to rsnaTeI rPsnSseola ro,,s
Whitehead. Comdr. Ely L.. from II.
Beaver to Portsmouth. va.
Evening star., 1940-07-13

oonnell' Second 1t. Alton p. from Canyon.
Tex. to Lansley Field. ~A'0'1'
HuSt, second 1t. Clayton A.. from Mason
City. Wash. to Fort Dupont.
SuLlvan. Second 1t. Francis R., from
Die coronado: Calf. to Fort Bennins.
rag, second 1t. James A., from Lons
Heach to Fort Bennine. A'
FreSneii, Second 1t. John F., tr.. from
DiFon roptiand: gene Ne to Governors Island
Crawford N. J., to Governors Isl.nd f'n'
RULER. Second 1t. Lawrence J.. from,
fs1snd GfIsnd Rapids. Mich. to Governor;
Peterson, Second It. Samuel R.. from
~. tIentyTood, Mont, to San Francisco.
Ia.tem' second It. Ivan. from Escanaba
Mich. to Governors Island
Evening star., 1940-07-13

During the first six months of
1910 the New York county district
attorneys office successfully prose-
cuted 94.l per cent of its 1893 felony
cases,
Evening star., 1940-07-13
Euthrran
F ITH H

Lee Blvd. at jackson. Arlington, Va.
Church Service. $50 am. and 100 AN.
Church School, $40 am.
GEORGE J. GREWENOW. Pastor.
TAKOMA
Seventh and Dahlia SITS. NV.
tThree Blocks East Of Walter Reed.)
Rev. J. Adrian Pfeifer. Pastor.
Summer Service Schedule:
500 a.m.-Early Service.
900 a.m.-Sunday School.
1000 a.m.-Main Service.
INTADNATInN 14th AND
AAN~nANASAAAON GALATIN NV.
MARYLAND Syrod United Lutheran Churchj
Rev. Henry Manken, Jr., Pastor.
Services, $40 and 100 am.
Bible School, 9:46 am.
Evening star., 1940-07-13

Tomorrow - Algae demonstrates
complete competence in arranging
their plans.
Evening star., 1940-07-13

Otlrrr SrruirrH
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1940-12-27
AZA Convention
Opens on Sunday
In Savannah

Final plans for the Southern Re-
gional A. 2. A. winter convention
and tournament to be held in Sa-
vannah Sunday, Monday and Tues
day, were made at the Savannah
chapters last meeting it was an
nounced yesterday by Robert Cor
don, president.
Beginning at $50 o'clock, the
meeting took place at the Jewish
Educational Alliance. Murray Bo-
no, general chairman of the three
day gathering, made a detailed re-
port of plans for some 300 men,
bers from Georgia, Florida, South
and North Carolina expected to at
tend.
Entertainment for the meeting
was the presentation Of the skit
to be entered in the regional stunt
night program which will be held
on the first night of the conven-
ton. Some eight chapters in the
region are expected to participate
in the contest, and producers of
the winning skit will be presented
a handsome trophy.
Savannah A.Z.A. members who
will represent the chapter in the
contest are Walter Lowe, Julius
Shoob, Herbert Blumenthal, Emil
Blair, Leon Slotin and Robert Cor
don.
The chapters debators and ora
tors are making final preparation
for the convention, and will repre-
sent Savannah in competitive de-
bate and an oratorical contest. AL
bert Yellin and Emil Blair have
been selected as the two debators,
and Morris Diamond will be the
orator. The eight members of the
basketball team have already been
announced.
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1940-12-27
To Broadcast On
Chanukah Hour

New York, N. Y. Especially =
Sunday night, December 29th. the
Columbia Broadcasting System, in
cooperation with Temple Ohabei
Shalom, the oldest Jewish Congre-
cation in Massachusetts, will pre-
sent over its entire network a Cha
nukah program featuring tradi-
tional Chanukah music and ex-
cerpts from the oratorio Judas
Maccabeaus by Handel.
Robert H. Segal, distinguished
young baritone, who is the cantor
and music director of Temple Oha-
bel Shalom, Brookline, Mass, will
be the soloist on this broadcast
He will be assisted by the Temple
choir. Cantor Segal has recently
gained national distinction by be-
ing the first cantor selected by the
Victor Company to record Jewish
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1940-12-27
Phi Beta Delta and Pi Lambda Phi
Collegiate Social Fraternities Merge

New York, December % (Spe-
cial)-M. Robert Herman, chair
man of the National Executive
Council of Pi Lambda Phi frater-
nifty, and Joseph H. Kraus, presi-
dent Of Phi Beta Delta fraternity,
announced at the 10th annual ban
quet of Pi Lambda Phi fraternity
at the Hotel Biltmore here tonight
that the two national collegiate
groups will shortly complete a
formal merger under the combined
name of Pi Lambda Phi. The I'M
ion of the two organizations will
bring the number of chapters to 33
in as many colleges.
Pi Lambda Phi, the oldest non
sectarian fraternity in the country,
was organized in 1895 and by 1910
included twenty active chapters at
the following schools: New York
University, Cornell, Pittsburgh,
Lehigh, Stevens Institute of Tech
nology, Pennsylvania, Chicago,
McGill, Toronto, West Virginia,
Michigan, Dartmouth, Johns Hop
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1940-12-27

kins, Brown, Creighton, William &
Mary, Wisconsin, Virginia, Lafay-
cite and North Carolina.
Organized in 1912, Phi b e TIA
Delta, before its decision to COM
bine forces with the Pi Lambda
Phi group, was represented at the
University of Florida, PennsyTva-
mia, Massachusetts, Institute of
Technology, Oklahoma, Southern
California, Cincinnati, Michigan,
Washington University, Cornell,
California at Berkeley, California
at Los Angeles, Temple, Ohio
State, South Carolina, Indiana and
Illinois.
II believe that we shall develop
a fraternity of national unity" Mr..
Herman declared in announcing
the decision. Il welcome the addi-
ton of men from the Phi Beta Del
ia alumni group who will give the
same earnest attention, time and
effort to the management that our
alumni are giving"
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1940-12-27

The agreement, negotiated with
the active assistance of the Jewish
Agency for Palestine, provides a
three-point program of considera-
BILE independence from Jaffa's jur-
isdiction for the suburbs: (1) tax
arrears for the period of the dis
turbances are to be cancelled,
while future tax payments will be
applied toward the maintenance of
the essential services of the SUBJ
urbs themselves; (2) contracts for
the principal civic services of these
suburbs will be given to the SUBJ
urbs' committee for awarding; (3)
all municipal services in this area
will be conducted by Jewish labor.
BATTLE OF LONG STANDING
For years the Jaffa Municipality
neglected it's Jewish suburbs,
which sprang up soon after the
First World War while Tel Aviv
was still a township and which
now contain some fifteen thousand
inhabitants. In the Florentin and
Shapiro quarters, named for their
founders, the streets were I'M
paved, thick with mud, depending
upon cisterns for their water sup
ply, Ill lit and lacking in sanitary
amenities.
AS Tel Aviv extended and the
Municipality widened it's sphere of
public services, it provided water,
electricity and sanitation for the
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1940-12-27

neglected Jaffa Jewish sections;
it also helped the residents to put
the streets into semblance Of
order.
Yet the Jaffa Municipality still
insisted upon its right to mulct
the Jewish inhabitants of taxes.
Until, finally, they rebelled and re-
fused to pay rates to a corpora
ton which deliberately ignored
their elementary needs.
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1940-12-27
Dispute is Settled Over
Jewish Suburbs Of Palestine

Jaffa PalcOr Agency)-A dispute dating back to the
beginning of the disturbances in 1886 reached satisfactory
conclusion this week when agreement granting greater
autonomy to the Jewish suburbs of Jaffa which constitute
the southern fringe Tel Aviv signed by Mayor Abdul
Radef Btar of Jafa and by committee representing the
Jewish residents of the suburbs.
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1940-12-27
Week In Review
United STATES AND THE
REFUGEES
~ MILLION SROWN. J.T.A.

hGG OWD11O
The latest development in the,
Washington controversy over adj
mission of political refugees is a
State Department statement re-
ealing that only IL of 1000 refu-
zoos recommended for admission
ave been found undesirable; that
900 have already been issued
Emergency visas; that entry quo
as have been ''unblOcked" to per-
nit issuance of quota places to
bthers where those entitled to
hem cannot use them.
It was believed that the State
Department's comprehensive ut
erance, together with formation
Il a new inter-departmental COM
nittee on political refugees, would
MET the behind-the-scenes bick-
ring that had been going on over
he issue of admission of political
refugees.
It becomes clear from the State
department. statement that Ordi-
AIRY refugees will have to depend
argely on the ''unblOcled'' immi-
ration quotas for entry into the
United States, while the emergen-
v visitors visas viii be- restricted
those who canap x0Vide satisfacs
Ory proof Of their ability to leave
he country after the expiration Of
heir permits.
Meanwhile, with the current
Aliens Registration closing on
)ec. rs, the problem arises as to
THAT will happen to the Illegally
inferred refugees disclosed by the
egistration. It is learned that At
Orney General Robert H. Jackson
ill make an effort to obtain per-
Mission for illegal immigrants, if
hey are bona fide refugees, to re-
hahn in the country. Several thou
and would be affected, most of
Ehom would face danger if de-
orted to their countries of origin.
PALESTINE AND THE REFU-
GEES
Less sympathetic with the refu-
Eees' plight was the Palestine Gov
mment, which was revealed (af-
er censorship had made it inn
OSsible for days to ascertain the
etails) to have carried out its
lrst deportation OF refugees un-
er the recently-annOunced poll
OF transferring illegal immi-
rants to a British island colony
Mauritius) for duration of the
lar.
On Dec. 8, it has now been
Parned( the approximately 1000
fugees who had reached Pales-
ne on the S. S. Atlantic and had
cen informed in the Athlit concen-
atlon camp, were embarked on
70 British ships to be transferred
the British colony.
IL was this act which resulted
the nationwide Jewish general
rlke' reported last week.
Inc British administrations ac-
On was viewed by Zionist leaders
he more deplorable because it
'rOouced friction between Pales-
ne Jewry and the Government at
tine When the authorities were
eAlng to strengthen defense of
pe Holy Land.
me Government announced
"llS 1Or creating a new volunteer
fCe' whose strength has not yet
0n decided upon. It will consist
oOmOatant reserve groups and
!" Oe used ito assist the regular
tues in all measures required for
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-08-31

DAY. Hoe Il vice president II ths
Young Mems Democratic club
there
'fhls ssaf. 80 nevsF before vcts
- sre going e 1cck q see who
Fets their veie. fcr state eom-
missioner ~ public land. eeesuss
this yeaF ! have taken ths irpu.
hle" says Progressive Jack rsv-
~. Seattle. To de into state
sshoal-iana zs.tizflez a==l-s=slsz=
records, 1. s sna state ecnsiitu.
tiensi provisions. sad grand Jury
warnings 70 s,arfie ths vetsrs.
most - them parents sad FL -
them interested n our sehoci ehli.
dren and their hlrthFighf 81 fire.
public schools
why are sehoei lard. ~
ing rside<i - asks Tayiar.
~why aid the late state sap-
ertntcndent % schools. Dr. y.
n. sheuaiteF. FIGHT % sccurr
IN inIuactiea agaiast horse-
trading IN seheel lands : Mhy
did the Judge grant the IN
junction aaa declare the legis-
iatixe acts unconstitutional
WHY did the land commission
eoairiee % act further ieEis-
iatix~ acts passed a. rldeFs.
~ permit his trade to he
technically legsilseas
And why did the grand Jury Of
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-08-31

superintendent. and then was
transferred to Spokane. a. superin-
tendent Of the Idaho division. He
was promoted to the position Of
train rules examiner for the Mil
waukee roads lines west In 1891.
and was transferred to Seattle In
that capacity in 1889. where he has
remained until his new appoint
ment.
All railroad employees whose du-
ties have to do with the operation
of trains are required TO pass
periodical examinations on the
operating rules, and Rossiter's new
duties viii be to supervise the
training and examining Of the Mil
waukee roads employees on the en-
tire 11,ooo-mile system in this i'm
portant phase OF their work.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-08-31
-P0LITICULARS-
and
AFFAIRS
CONTINUED From Page one)

CONTINUED From Page One1
Director Charles r. Ernst and the
administration FOR spending too
zzs7zzizF - fsusEzzuFEss CTItl-
cited the legislature for giving
Highway Director Lacey V. Mur-
row wide powers 70 spend his 50
million dollar budget. and censured
the agriculture department for
helping the state bakers associa-
ton collect monthly dues.
When tire jury was bring
Ing In liz various reports last
spring, predictions were they
were signing the political
death warrant Of Governor
Martin. but either the public
forgets easily or else did not
consider the criticisms seri-
ous. The reports. "a > whole.
seem 10 be forgotten. even
though they contained much
fodder for the opposition 10
use against the admlnIstra-
ton.
The jury spent $40 during
its 10-months investigation, much
Of IL in deiving into the various
state departments. The governor
furnished $4,000 to help the jury
along and the county paid what
IL could. II Is expected the ia41
legislature will be asked by the
county to use state money to pay
for most OF the cost Of the jury.
The money went mainly 10 pay
salaries of the Jurors and $500
week 10 c. c. Spears. Portland
private detective. who did the
sleuthing for the jury.
Chester chastek. Seattle candi-
date for lieutenant governor. has
opened Tacoma offices at 11I4 FL
deity bldg.
Declaring certain reactionary
forces are trying to confuse the
voters on his pension stand. Frank
Burns, Republican candidate for
the gubernatorial nomination. ~
back in Seattle after a speaking
tour to Centralia, Aberdeen and
intermediate points.
Burns declared he has always
been for the old age pension but
that when he sought 10 have an
appropriation tackled on the bill
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-08-31

during his term IN the legislature.
his action vas misunderstood. That
ne wss right Is shown ~ the fact
80 sH~ f=VHs=sz-Ts Sz7sssss - f-zsss 80
I'll money wss made available fer
that purpose. he asserts.
Washington may have ne nj
nority political parties On H. Nc
xemeer ballot. Secretary q state
Belle Reeves reported today - the
August 81 deadllne for announc-
ing party nominating conventions
neared with none in the field vet.
In order % hold > legal
nominating convention on
September 10 and pick csndi-
dates FOR the general election.
the party leaders must file
notice % the meeting before
that date. . 1881 Law pro-
vides. They then have until
September IS 10 file names Of
candidates nominated.
The certificate must be signed
by Is legal voters. who did net
cast a ballot in the Republican
Democrat primary.
Two years ago there were only
two minority parties.
The Socialist Labor. which
named only one candidate, Eugene
Sole, who drew 1883 votes for
Z. $. senator, was one.
The Independent Socialist party
also was in the running that year.
with Its sole candidate. John p.
Mckay, drawing sac votes in the
first district congressional race.
Both men had run on the same
tickets for governor In the 1898
general election with about SINH
lar results.
That year. however. there
were four other minority par
ties In the raee-Communist
Union. Conn
monwealth and Christian. The
six minor parties guberna-
torlal candidates won . total
Of only 1900 votes out Of
7o1,1sl votes cast.
Ray Kendall. Wenatchee attor-
ney-genersl candidate. was born
at Elgin. Illinois. and Ia 81 years
Of age. He graduated from high
school at Elgin. Later he attended
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-08-31
D. E. Rossifer
Is Advanced
r. r. Promotion to
Former Tccomon

Appointment OF d. E Rossiter
- s.issiiy q Tacoma. As chief train
rules examiner for the Milwaukee
roads system. with headquarters
IN Chicago. was announced Fri
day in Chicago BY J. T. Ginick.
chief operating officer of the road.
Rossiter began his service with
the Milwaukee in 1895 as an opera-
tor and agent on the Prairie du
Chen division in Wisconsin. and
was promoted steadily up through
the positions of dispatcher. chief
dispatcher. and trainmaster. until
he was appointed superintendent of
the Lacrosse division in 1920. In
1924 he was transferred to Taco
ma, as superintendent Of the coast
division. which position he occupied
for four years.
From 1928 until 1880 he was To-
Gated IN Butte. Mont. as general
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-08-31

TIRE University - Illinois. grsdu-
stink from ne college q law n
1923 Ne has practlecd law con-
tinueasly IN Wenatchee Tor over
ten years. - practice has hesn
IN hath state ard federal courts,
nc pas Republican rcuaty
chairman IN 1855 AID has
since held the Offiee 81 state
cenuliteeman. ne i re ealy
eastern Washington casal-
49,
tie believes that a. chief Law
officer q the state. Re should -.
erciss All such power and author
ity 81 public Interests nav NON
time to time require. that TIE
attorney general should check Up
en- the various departments ~ the
government and point out 70 the
heads Of the department any IN
lawful practices and report = the
governor all improper and unlaw-
ful acts periodically. instead Of
annually. where the public = be
ing injured BY the conduct q en-
individual. the attorney general
should interfere 10 protect The
public and promote the general
good. Kendall SAYS
John &. stevenson. seattle
attorney and former Ming
county commissioner. has
filed . $4,000 Islander suit In
superior court against Lester
NJ. Hunt. seattle Political COM
meniatar.
Stevenson alleged IN hss
complaint that Hunt siandered
him IN . radio talk last Man
day night. Stevenson .sid
Hunts remarks injured my
reputation ~ an attorney
throughout the state"
Appointment Of clifford Y, Hoof,
Seattle attorney. a. chairman OF
the campaign speakers bureau
for Harry c. Huse, candidate for
the Democratic nomination 10 the
u. $. senate. was announced TO-