davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-09-29

The Nation as a whole since the 1896
election has gone Democratic four times
in IL elections-twice with Wilson in 1912
and 1916 and again twice with Roosevelt
in 1882 and 1886. In these II elections,
Pennsylvania went Democratic only
twice, in 1912 and 1886, and Maine only
once, in 1912; but it is clear from the
record of the proportion of the total vote
cast in each State that we are justified
In saying as the Nation goes so goes
Pennsylvania or so goes Maine Cor the
other way around.
AS a matter of fact, the Democratic
proportions in the Pennsylvania presi-
dental elections have gone up and down
more nearly in harmony with the ma
tional proportions than did the Maine
figures. For the most part, the Pennsyl-
vania proportions have run between 8
to IL percentage points below the ma
tional average and in few cases be-
tween 4 to points. In 1886 the Penn
sylvania vote was So per cent Democratic
Evening star., 1940-09-29

President Wriston has had a iDide
and pdried experience tDith American
college students and is speaking here
OF a problem of central importance,
the division OF opinion betDeen this
generation and the last, a division
which has appeared pery sharply since
the beginning OF this ,oar.
WHY do college students seem to hold
w to a belief that no ideal is worth
fighting for? Many times in recent
months I have been asked this question.
I have been living among college stu
dents for 80 years and find no evidence
to support any such generalization.
Assuming for moment, however, con-
trary to fact, that the statement were
true, it ought not to be very surprising.
In their lifetime they have not heard
much about the democratic ideal. Since
the death of Woodrow Wilson no Presl-
dent of the United States. since the
death of Stresemann no statesman in
Germany. since the death of BRAND no
statesman in France, since the accession
to power of Mussolini no statesman in
Italy, and for many years no statesman
in England has been a clear and con-
vincing prophet of democracy.
The entire accent has been upon the
shortcomings of democracy and the way
In which it has robbed youth of Its
chance, of the way in which it has op-
pressed age. of the way In which 1t has
left one-third ill-housed, ill-clothed, and
ill-fed. That security involves added
means of providing better homes for the
people of the Nation. That Is the first
principle of OUR future program. The
second is to plan the use of land and
water resources of this country to the end
that the means of livelihood of our citi-
zenS may be more adequate to meet their
daily needs. And. finally, the third prin-
ciple is to use the agencies of Govern
ment to assist in the establishment of
means to provide sound and adequate
protection against the vicissitudes Of
modern life-in other words, social IN.
surance. These are evidences that eco
nomic determinism is the keynote Of
Government action. The ideal set forth
Is physical, HldteTldl, nOt at ali spiritual.
Economic Determinism.
Our youth have been brought up in an
era of economic determinism. From the
appearance of Seligman's Economic In
depreciation of History" something over
80 years ago, and Charles A. Boards
Economic Interpretation of the Consti-
tuition" and Economic Origins of JEFF
fersonian Democracy" that point Of view
has filtered down through the textbooks.
not Of the colleges only, but OF the Sec
Evening star., 1940-09-29

In recent weeks much has been said
about the old adage, "As Maine goes
10 goes the Nation" and practically all
OF the unbiased comments correctly
pointed out that the September elections
in Maine are not indicative of the way
the Nation as whole goes in the No
vember presidential elections.
There is, however, truth in that old
adAse, provided we deal with it in per-
centage or relative terms and not in
absolute terms of victory for either of
the major parties. For example. in the
past 20 years the total two-party vote
cast for President fell from a high of
GA per cent in 1912 to low of 34.8 per
cent In 1924, then rose to another high
of 622 per cent in 1886. Many States
and numerous communities participated
In these major political shifts.
Communities that never vote as high
showed decline and rise in their Demo-
cratic percentage vote corresponding to
the national averages and likewise COM
munities that never dip as low as so per
cent Democratic also showed a decline
and rise in their Democratic percentage
vote similar to the decline and rise in the
national percentage. Because of this
kind of common responsiveness to ma
tional issues and national political shifts,
we can say that it is generally true that
as Maine goes so goes the Nation, or as
the Nation goes. so goes Maine. or any
number of States and communities.
Pennsylvania Even Closer.
To illustrate this fact, note in the ac-
companying two charts how the varia-
tions in the United States Democratic
percentage of the two-party vote since
1896 have been reflected in the similar
behavior of the Democratic percentages
for Maine and Pennsylvania, two his
torically strong Republican States.
AS THE NATION GOES, 50 GOES MAINE
- t~ptMsc DIFFERENCES IN RECENT YEARS,
Evening star., 1940-09-29
Nozi Soldiers FomiIies
Relieved of Radio Tax

VIENNA Correspondence Of the Asso-
ciated Press) Parents, wives and chill
dren of soldiers on active duty have been
relieved of the obligation Of paying radio
taxes.
The Key West citizen., 1940-11-18

reports back TO Lorient by radio.
LOrient sends out subs and sur
face raiders and bombing
squadron of planes. The surface
raiders hang far out to sea, risk
ing NO trap. But their guns can
outrange destroyer convoy.
So, the question now UP IN the
British high command is whether
to risk battleships singly to pro-
tect vital war supplies
The British had fifteen battle
ships when the war started.
They lost the Royal Oak to sub
marine. Three battle cruisers,
the Renown, the RepulSe and the
Hood can also cope with planes,
subs and surface raiders. That
makes IL. But five battleships
at least are in the Mediterranean.
One or two more, perhaps, in the
Far East.
Aces In the hole are the five,
30-knot battleShips started in
1887 They are either ready for
action, or are even now with the
grand fleet somewhere off north
ern England
The German triple threat is
bait for these battleships But
the Empire lifeline's IN danger.
The British may have to throw
'em in-and hope for the best.
The Key West citizen., 1940-11-18
WHAT! HAVEN'T WE
Miami Herald Says No
A NAVAL STATION?
(Contributedl

Here is big news and powerful
news too, so powerful it slapped
many a Key Wester over this
morning. The Miami Herald pub
ished a map on its front page
this morning, and, according to
that map, Miami has a naval
base and Key West has no naval
base. The fact is, according to
the map, Key West does not ex-
ist at all.
East of Miami, on the other
side of the Gulf Stream, are some
drawings that represent the outer
Bahama Islands, possibly Bimini,
the Dog Rocks and other islands
in that vicinity. But southwest
of Miami there are no Florida
Keys-Miami is the southernmoSt
tip in the United States, and
the only thing between Miami
and Cuba is the Miami naval
basel
The Herald gives no credit by
line for the map, so the preSump-
ton is it was drawn in the Her
AIDS office. Of all the SlapS the
Herald has given Key West, even
those in the days when Key
West had a larger population
than Miami. and the ferociouS
slap the day after the 1919 hurri-
cane struck Key West, which
evoked letters of protest to the
Herald from Key Westers, the
slap this morning ranks as the
worst of all
But the Herald not only
slapped Key West: it also fooled
its readers who are unfamiliar
with the southeast coast of Flor
ida. What impression will those
readers get from the map?
well, l see, according to this
map, Miami has a naval base.
And, say, 1 see Miami is the
southernmost tip of the United
States. Well surely have to go
down there and look her over.
Ideas, something like those, will
be created in the minds of the
Continued on Page Fnur)
The Key West citizen., 1940-11-18

handle. For a WnlIe Iney puSIleu
a million men a month through
the training camps.
Naturally there were 90-day-
wonder shavetails who'd march
companies right off cliffs if the
sergeant didn't stop them. SAM
tation was not all that could be
desired. Camp streets often were
seas of mud. And the army was
handling weapons many of its
officers didn't understand.
Meant To Stop II
There's that classic about the
infantry officer who so deplored
the death rate in forced airplane
landings that he posted this bull
letin on a Texas air field:
Effective this date. there
will be no more forced land
ings!"
Shoes and uniforms seldom fit
well in 1917. Haste was the rea-
son for all this. We were arming
too fast, training men too fast.
This time, the medical corps
says it is ready to cope with all
preventable epidemicS. The doc
tors remember the tragedy of the
1913 flu epidemic. Uniforms have
been modified for easy fitting.
Every camp will have a shoe fit
ting machine. Air officers will
give orders to air troops.
The arny's punch card system
is probably the outstanding diff
ference. Under it men will give
their trades. hobbies. preferences.
hopes. And they'll be given jobs
that fit them when possible.
(More about this in another ar
ticle.)
The army hopes Private Misfit
will not haunt his officers as he
did in 1918.
One day a World war COM
manding officer got a requisition
for all expert automobile me-
chanics in his camp. He sent for
Private MiSfit.
What did you do before you
got in the army?"
"Engraver, sir"
You must be mistaken" said
the exaSperated commander.
The Key West citizen., 1940-11-18
JOHN |. LEWIS
MAY BE DRAFTED
BUTTONS APPEAR ON COATS
OF CIO DELEGATES AT
MEET
I8y Associated PressD

ATLANTIC CITY. n. j, Nov.
18.-The third annual convention
of the CIO opened this morning
IN this city with the main subject
OF conjecture being that con-
corning whether or not John L.
Lewis, head of the union since its
inception five years ago, will be
retained in that position.
Many delegates appeared on
the convention floor this morn
ing with Forward With Lewis
and The CI0, buttons on their
coats. There was much talk of
drafting Lewis, despite his pre-
election threat that he would re-
sign if Roosevelt was elected for
a third term.
Noticeably absent in this draft
move, however, were the dele
gates of the ATnalgamated Cloth
ing Workers. headed by Sidney
Hillman.
The Key West citizen., 1940-11-18
Must Britain Risk BattleShips
oT00Save Merchant COnvOyS?

France supplied many vital war
supplies and much food to Britain
during the World war. Today
the British must bring in their
supplies from far flung posts of
Empire. South American and the
United States.
8. The British had well over
100000 tons of long-range mer-
chant shipping at the start of the
World war They had only 49,
000, 900 tons when this war start
ed Recently they've been losing
10000 tons week Even with
the neutral shipping they've ac-
quired, the best estimates indi-
cate they have only 10000. 900
tons today.
Two immediate solutions Of the
problem are possible. The first
is to get the Irish bases they need
so desperately for airplane OBJ
servation. But that might mean
bleodshed, since Eamon de
Valera will never consent to
abandon neutrality.
The other way is to convoy
merchant ships with battleships.
Battleships or battle cruisers
can outrun and outrange Ger
many's pocket battleships. Bat
tleships or battle cruisers can
Withstand the whitening attack of
dive bombers. With destroyer
screens. they have better than
an even chance to escape the SUBJ
marines.
But there's still a heavy risk,
for the Germans have CO.
ordinated their attack It's like
this: All three weapons are used
for both observation and attack.
An observation plane sights
British merchant vessels gather
ing for convoy 700 miles out. It
The Key West citizen., 1940-11-18
SAILOR
PLEADS
GUILTY
D10EE "E@ 60
10 E-E - -
-L-A-D ~
DANAzz AZ EE2

E U -
- - -
- --
--- -
lel-9=a e - ~ -
DET - & g. g
Crlu1zl c. en- 60 "
-a-.-rz 49, -. - - .-
- -
y
CoEr1 uzs 1EE1 -
Eor . hE 49, au ~
- - r a
- =rl--- .--..-
- - - - ------ -
- - -
- - - - -
- -.
- - ~. - -
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- - - -
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- - -
-
- r---- -
- - - -
-
The Key West citizen., 1940-11-18


The British almost came to that
pass in the World War, when, as
our Admiral Sims put it, sub
marine warfare had starved the
British 20 within six weeks of
surrender.
But the convoy system an
Swered the U-Boat- At first de-
stroyers were assigned to escort
vital supplies. Battleships stood
by for later use. The destroyers
did so well, the battleships never
were used
And so the battleships re-
mained the backbone of the
grand fleet, carried out time
hOnored British policy to re-
main intact, wait for the supreme
moment of life or death for the
CAAA1A T.
This time it is different.
The submarine raider plane
menace Is a German triple threat
greater today than in 1917, al
though the British public isn't
aware of it yet. Here are eight
reasons why:
l. The Germans have the
western tip of France, saving
their subs and surface raiders
and planes hundreds of miles of
risky ocean travel from home
bases to convoy lanes and back.
2 The Germans as ever are
perfect co-ordinators. They have
blended the attack of their subs
and pocket battleships and planes
The Key West citizen., 1940-11-18
WOMEN'SGUBS
TO COOPERATE
In ART WEEK
NATIONAL EVENT OPENS o.
MONDAY. NOV. - VII
FOCUS ATTENTION o. &C
TIvITIES OF ARTISTS
Especial se TAe CIsl---g

JACKSONVILLE. Nov IA
Art and wOmen's clubs throuEn-
out the state are preparing T. aI5
Florida artists and zr1isznS IL
the sales exhibits Of Their RVurks
to be shown November &-De-
cember !, IN observance q Es-
tiOnal Art Week DR.. Max Benz
Cohen, an head Of Southern Co
lege, Lakeland, and Florida xice-
chairman Of Art Week. sad 10
day.
Every women's club. every
civic organization dedicated -
cultural pursuits IN Florida. has
expressed willingness and SCI ID
the proper functioning commit
tees for cooperating IN thls Ar
Week, DR.. Bernd-C0hen sad
The purpose Of National Ar,
Week, as outlined in preparatory
plans by all art-minGed groups
in Florida in putting on display
examples of fine. applied and do
meStic arts, IS not onlv 10 sell
these products. but through uni
ed efforts TO develop awareness
in our communities of what our
painters. sculptors. etchers and
craftsmen are doing. Dr.. Bernd-
Cohen said
In discussing the relation Of
the artist 10 the PUBLIC. D--
Beind-Cohcn commented that
this Art Week IN its democratic
and liberal spirit is q challenge
to artist and public alike. evokinE
the intelligence Of she artist q
appreciate the public's an needs.
and pointing out 10 Florida cifi-
zens the vigorous support neccs-
sary TO continuance Of creative
work.
Art chairmen Of WOmen's clubs.
art Clubs. church clubs and SIN
liar organizations statewide are
invited 10 cooperate with 10cal
committees for National Al
Week sales exhibits.
Mrs. Beatrice Boyer Williams
art head Of Flarida State CoIleFU
for Women. Is chairman of fhe
State Council for Art Week
The Key West citizen., 1940-11-18
CITY THANKSGIVING
DAY TO BE NOV. 2S
FEDERAL OFFICES OBSERVE
NOV. 81: SCHOOLS CLOSE
NEXT WEEK

Mayor Willard Albury stated
today that the City of Key West
would officially observe Thanks
giving Day on Thursday, Novem-
Der %. Schools of the county,
according to Superintendent of
Public instruction Melvin E.
Russell, will close on November
% and 90.
A number of persons called
The Citizen this morning under
the impression that the city
would follow the national observ-
ance date set by the President
last year, which will be Novem-
Der Fl this year.
All Federal offices here, m
cluding the naval administration
offices. will be closed Thursday
in accordance with the Presiden-
tial proclamation.
The Key West citizen., 1940-11-18
CHAPLIN'S FILM
Is LOST AT SEA !
BRITISH DISAPPOINTED N
NEWS: OTHER FILMS
FORWARDED

LONDON, Nov l8--BrIflshers
declared keen disappointment 70
day at the news stories concern-
ing disappearance Of films 0i
The Great Dictator Charlie
Chaplln's satlrlcal movie sb0Gr
Hitler and the dictator states
The films. scheduled = -
shown IN London p1emienes 1hls
week. were reported lost a. SEA
Representative Of United Ar
lists film company here stated
they understood two other sets of
the film had left the UnI1e6
States for England on board an
other vessel
The Key West citizen., 1940-11-18
TWO DESTROYERS
ARRIVE In PORT

Commander Wilder Baker,
U.S.N.. commander of the Key
West West Gulf Patrol, announc-
ed this morning that two of the
patrol destroyers came into port
last weekend.
Ships were the U.S.S. TRUX-
TON and the U.SS. STURTE-
Want. The U.S.S. MacLEISH.
flagship of the patrol, was moor
ed at buoy number one this morn
ing, being the only other ship of
the patrol in port today.
The Key West citizen., 1940-11-18
START WEDNESDAY
ON RIFLE RANGE
MARINE CORPS SPONSORS
$500 PROJECT ON STOCK
ISLAND

Col. H. D. Hatfield. u. S. Ma
rine Corps, informed The Citizen
this morning that the Marine
Corps Rifle Range would start
construction Wednesday of this
week.
Signal to go on the project was
given by the WPA last weekend.
and approximately so men viii
be put to work on the project TO
take an estimated two and a half
months.
Costing a total of $85OO. Sl75O
is provided by the Marine Corps,
the balance by WPA in the form
of labor. The site is on Stock
Island, adjacent to the golf
course, and will measure 1900 by
100 feet. Land is leased from
the city.
When completed. the range
will be used by the marines and
by the navy. AIrmen are ex-
pected to conduct machine gun
practice on this range.
Water level conditions will not
allow the usual below-Surface
construction for this range. Ac-
cordingly, target houses and con-
crete walls will be erected at
one end of the range to hold
targets. "a
The Key West citizen., 1940-11-18

Think! Wern't you an auto
mobile mechanic?"
We'll, sir, I don't"
"Just what l thought. Pack
up your duds and report to head
quarters as an expert automobile
mcdaniel"
Won't Happen Again
That won't happen again, un-
less the punch card machine slips
a cog.
And P.S., Nom and Dad: The
army says you can visit the train
ing camps most any time to see
for yourself how all this is work
ing out. But if there's something
special about your son the army
ought to know, please take it up
with the draft board BEFORE he
gets in. It'll be ever so much
easier to straighten out.
Tomorrow: What the SOL
diers of l940-4l will wear.
The Key West citizen., 1940-11-18

and they are working them all
from the same base-Lorient
France.
3. The British gave up by
their treaty with Ireland in 1898,
naval bases at Lough Swilly,
Berehaven, and Cobb That
makes their flotillas go 200 to
400 miles further for refuelling
and repair.
l. In the World war. the
British had the help of the
French, Italian, japanese, and
later the American fleets for
blockade. patrol. and convoy. To-
day they face the task of block
aiding Europe, fighting in the
Mediterranean, and patrelling far
eastern waters all alone.
>. At the start of the World
war, the British had more than
500 destroyers- Counting the so
old ships we sent them recently,
they have no more than 200 de-
stroyers today.
6. Ireland's stubborn neu-
trality and the German conquest
Of France forced the British to
forsake two Of their convoy lanes
through the English channel to
London, and through St. Georges
channel to the Irish sea and
Liverpool That leaves one lane
around the northern tip of Ire
land on which the Germans can
concentrate
z. Nearby Scandinavia and
The Key West citizen., 1940-11-18

The Coast Guard has approx
mately total of 5000 crafts,
ranging from surf boats to the
new seven pocket cruiser" cut
ters. There are also five long
range Seaplanes and 100 pilots.
Its personnel includes 500 COM
missioned and 764 warrant Off
GERS, l6,055 enlisted men, 264 ca
diets training at New London and
$500 civilian employees.
Officers and men may be trans
ferred to naval vessels if the or
der is signed by the President
but will continue to hold their
present rank.
The Key West citizen., 1940-11-18
90 Days!

City laws now require all resi-
dents living on streets on which
sewer laterals have been installed
to connect up their house lines
with the system.
Ninety days from date of pub
lication-September %, 194O-is
the time limit.
FIFTY-SIX DAYS HAVE
ELAPSED!
The Key West citizen., 1940-11-18
COAST GUARD
TO JOIN NAVY
PRESIDENT MAY SOON SIGN
CONSOLIDATING
ORDER
Especial to The Citizen)


WASHINGTON, Nov. 18.-
In a move urged by Secretary of
Navy Frank Knox to strengthen
the patrol forces in the Atlantic
and Pacific, President Roosevelt
is reported ready to sign an ex-
ecutive order consolidating the
Coast Guard with the United
States Navy.
The move would render for
patrol duty an additional 86 COM
batant vessels and 1853 officers.
The Key West citizen., 1940-11-18
PANDORA Tc BE ARMED

Through reliable sources.
The Citizen learned recently
the Coast Guard Cutter Pan
dora. which left its Key West
home port Saturday. would
have guns mounted on its
deck during the four of Gulf
ports.
Just where and when the
cutler will be armed has not
been made known. Pandora
is due 10 return here carly in
December.
The Key West citizen., 1940-11-18
Southampton
NewTargetOf
Na1Bonlbers
Believed To Have Suffer
ed Same Fate AS Cow
entry; MussOlini ROars
At Great Britain
(By Associated Press)

I'd. ASSOclateu IEesbJ
LONDON. Nov. 18.-Briiish
censoIs refused 10 let out the
news this morning concerning
the latest town to receive con-
centratsd attacks at the hands of
the enemy. but dispatches from
Berlin late today indicated that
Southampton. the important nav
al base city and industrial CEN
ter. had suffered the same fate
last night that was experienced
by Coventry last week.
Explaining that the Nazis had
severely raided an east-coast city
in a 13-hOur attack, the British
refused to release the name of
the city.
Meanwhile time bombs were
still exploding in Coventry to
hamper rescue work and clean
up details. Unofficial count of
the dead from this raid was list
ed today at more than $50. The
whole city IS being fed from
mobile canteens. There is no
gas, water or lights in the city.
Benito MusSolini barked back
at world that is judging his
military power and accumen in a
bad light last night with a speech
delivered in Rome which carried
dire threats against the British.
Terming Great Britain the
Carthage of modern times" he
reminded his listeners that the
same fate would befall England
as befell that ancient city. ''Once
/ have started, no one can stop
me" he rOared. Denying that
the British had severely crippled
the Italian navy, he did admit
that three battleships had been
hit by Raj. bombs.
MuSsolini also had things to
say about Greece in terming that
nation a tricky foe, helped by
the British.
Meanwhile, the Greeks were
making more headway in their
campaign to turn the Italian Of
fenSive into an offensive of their
own.
Greek crack troops were de-
clared TO be advancing further
into Albania today by Athens
reports. One Italian. mechanical
column was declared shattered
and driven back on the northern
front while the Koritza front was
still thought to be entirely fav-
orable to the Greeks.
Italy clain2ed advances for
their forces on the southern
front, but no details were given.
Reporting on air activity over
the Mediterranean, the Italians
claimed to have struck three
British cruisers and caused con-
siderable damage.
Adolf Hitler was to start an
other series of conferences with
foreign representatives today
these. ENJOYS from Spain and
Italy. The Spanish foreign min
ister has arrived in Berlin. it was
learned. and would enter into
talks with Hitler and Italian
minister. Count Ciano.
British conjecture on the new
diplomatic turn of affairs, with
mystery still shrouding the out
come of the Molotoff incident in
Continued on Page Four
The Key West citizen., 1940-11-18
JOY sHoRT-LIvED

ROANOKE, Va. - Delighted
when informed by police that ms
missing car had been found l.
w. Mitchell went 70 the place
where the car was only % find
the doors locked. When ne r.
turned rom having q key n1ade
to fit the door, ne found the aut0-
mobile missing again Later. he
was informed by police thai u
had been found again but tns
time wrecked and abzndoued