davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1940-11-27
Alumni Attend Dance

Several OF the alumni from this
vicinity attended the Thanksgiyiug
dance held at Lincoln School, We l.
nesday afternoon.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1940-11-27

The children of Mr.. and Mrs.
Joseph Allen have been i'll with
chickenpox.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-25
New Home Here
After Wedding
Miss MiIIsap. OF Fsrndsls,
Bride OF Mr.. Mckinney

Nnptials last Saturday
afternoon brought 10 Tacoma
a new bride in the person OF
Mrs. Russell Mckinney. who
was formerly Miss Eleanor
Millsap. daughter Of Mrs. w,
c. Wood OF Ferndalc. Her
husband Ii the son of Mr.,
and Mrs. W. T. Mckinney Of
Tacoma.
The ceremony was rad In tbs
parlors Of First baptist church al
o'clock with tho Rev W. O,
Maeoskey officiating The esre.
mony was attended by family
members only with a reception
following at the Tacoma hotel
Mrs, Mckinney was attended by
Miss Violet Quinn and hest man
for Mr.. Mckinney was the bride .
brother. Mr.. Elmer Mllissp.
The bride wore dark blue suit
with blue and white accessories
Her flowers were sardcnlas and
sweet peas
Mr.. and Mrs. Mckinney returned
10 Tacoma after n short plane "trip
10 Portland. They are establish.
ing their home at 22d a. Helen.
ave.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-25
Muriel Macdonald
On Mexico Trip

With many of her classmates
from Stephens college, Columbia,
Mo, Miss Muriel Macdonald,
daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. L. p.
Macdonald, is on an exciting
spring vacation trip which is TAX
ing her to Mexico City. The cara
van of students left by train on
Thursday, arriving in San An
tonic, Tex. Friday morning. They
were conducted on a tour OF famed
Randolph Field, with luncheon at
the st. Anthony roof garden fol-
lowing. In the evening they were
guests of the cadets at a recep-
ton and dance at the Gunter
hotel.
On Easter morning the group
will arrive in Mexico City and will
attend services in one OF the old
cathedrals. They will remain in
Mexico City five days before re-
turning TO classes.
Exciting accounts OF the plans
for the trip were received by Mrs.
Macdonald in a letter from her
daughter Friday
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-25

oring national and state officers
will be held in the lounge.
Conference sessions begin Al
a. m. Thursday, with reports Of
the state officers. state standing
committees and state chairman Of
national committees. which will
occupy the entire morning. The
highlight of the morning session
will be the presentation of the
pilgrim, the high school girl who
has been chosen from the entire
state Of Washington to participate
in the D. A. r. good citizenship
pilgrimage. by Mrs. Percy l.. coch-
ran, state chairman. The pilgrim
age luncheon win be held al the
Grand hotel at 1918. Mrs. E. E.
Rhodes presiding.
The corporation meeting VIII fol
low luncheon, with the report Of
the y. A. X. house-scholsrship by
Mrs. S. 3. L. Penrose and reports
Of state chairmen The adoption
Of the report n the state budget
committee by Mrs. c. x. Larrabee
viii occupy the first part on the
afternoon session.
Memorial services for the de-
ceased members viii he conducted
a. the grave and Fnouurrenf If
Marcus Whitman at 800 by ths
state regent and the state chap
lain. This memorial service ez-
presses our hope Of immortal life.
and our belief that love can never
lose its own" The prayer wiz be
given by Or. s. 3. L. Penrose
From 40 until $50. a tea az
Prentiss hall VIII honor the visit
ing delegates and friends. Ar. NJ.
NJ. Moulton Of Kennewick will give
the main address At the formal
state banquet
Friday morning session VIII be
filled with reports Of the chapter
regents. Al the official luncheon
Friday at u IS Mrs. s. y. L. Pen
rose xdll address the grOup. Re
ports, business, old and nex. NlIi
conclude the afternoon program
bringing the 4Oth annual state con-
ference 70 a close.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-25

state flags. will preeede the invoca-
ton by Mrs. ]. B. Parfit, and the
pledge to the flag led by Mrs
VIII II. Oliver. The Americans
Greed. led by Mrs. Guy X. Lew
ellyn of Tacoma. will be one Of the
most colorful episodes Of the con-
ference.
Welcomes will be extended by
Mrs. Edwin f. Rhodes, state re-
gent, and Mrs. Thomas J. Drum
heller, regent of Narcissa Prentiss
chapter Mrs. Frank L. Cooper
past state regent will give the
response. Mrs Starr Sherman will
present the program.
Following, Judge Paul Of Walla
Walla who will give the address Of
the evening, and retirement of the
colors and informal reception hon.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-25

Delegates to the conference from
Virginia Dare chapter are Mes
|hames Robert Beach. Frederick
Brewer, Ralph Schaeffer, A. H
Heath, D. NJ. Dayton. E. NJ
Hayden. B. f. Buckmaster and E.
=. Judson. Alternates are Mes
DANES c. c. Hunt. George Hellar
f. NJ. Riddel. George J. Osgood,
|Nelles Wheeler, Charles A. Rob-
bins and Miss Harriet Purinton,
Delegates from Mary Ball and Eli
kabeth Forey chapters have al
ready been announced.
The formal opening of the con-
ference is set for Wednesday eve
hing at S o'clock. The professional
bf the state regent and national
knd state officers. escorted by
pages, followed by national and
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-25


She Win present as guest speak
or Mrs. George Griggs Franklin.
sr.. whose topic VIII he The Ro-
nance % Early American Glass :
Her story win Be illustrated with
an EXHIBIT Of rare pieces Of wistar,
steigie and Flint glasses
Mrs Milton H. Fisher viii be
sololst for tho afternoon.
Mrs. +. NJ, kenney Ia chairman
Of the motor division. Members
wishing 10 make the trip may
make reservations At PR 3o2T-w.
ON Friday afternoon the board
members Of the Tacoma wonan's
club will receive the guests
Mrs. Calvin W. Stewart Is gen
cral chairman. sincc this il tho
Golden Jubilee year OF the general
Federation 81 Womens clubs which
has grown from 80 clubs TO more
than $4,000. life and color viii be
carried out IN the decorations on
the tea table and in the reception
rooms.
Mrs. Charles A. Sohlcusncr will
decorate with golden Gala lilies
and ivory tapers Tea service Of
crystal. gold and silver viii he
used. Mrs, Lynch md Mrs. Dun.
seath have been invited 10 pour
Mrs. Berry Sugg liz tea hostess
and thosc assisting her are Mrs.
r. G. Carlson. Mrs. A. j. Graft.
Mrs. Harry II. Johnston and Mrs
n. G. Anderson. Mrs. A. A. Woel-
fel il social chairman assisted by
Mrs. Cora Imoff.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-25
Marylhursi Students
Have Luncheon

Enjoying their spring vacation
at home are a group Of several Ia
coma students from Maryihurst
college. oHwego, oregon. Among
their social affairs was the lunch
con at Hotel winthrop on satur-
day afternoon In the group were
Misses Charlotte Taylor, Mary
Frances Power, Betty Jean Nc
Donald. Mary Evelyn Ellis, MARI
orie Jones OF Cody, Mont. Flor
ence Schiller and Marie oLeary.
Bellies Of 80 will meet with Miss
Lorraine Bubbins. 4s02 So Asotin,
at .. m Monday.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-25
Miss Clasina Buffelen
To Feie Attendants

For her three wedding attend
ants. Miss Clasina Buffelen. bride.
elect OF Mr.. William Haley. will
entertain at small dinner party
at the Tacoma Hotel Monday eva
ming. Her marriage 10 Mr.. Haley
will be solsmnizad on Wednesday
morning ~ 1T. ratrick's church.
Miss Buffelen has asked her sister.
Mrs. Leslie O. Prandargast Of Seat
tie. 10 be her honor attendant with
Miss valdcns Hazelton and Miss
Nancy Haley a. bridesmaids.
The wedding rehearsal viii be
held on Tuesday evening with an
informal supper party following
for the wedding party.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-25
Enieriains D. A. r.
On Monday

Mrs. William Mecreery. i72a No
Yakima, viii open her home 10
members of Virginia Dare chapter,
Daughters of the American Reyo'
luton. on Monday afternoon for ]
o'clock luncheon. She viii be as
sisted by Mrs. J. ID. Fletcher. Mrs
Il. r. Heilig. Mrs. Philip c. kyl,
and Miss Estelle Purinton.
During the afternoon Mrs. Clark
Gould will give review covering
the Life and Labors Of Herman
Blennerhasset"
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-25
Todds Return
To Country Club

Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Todd return
ed 10 their cottage at the Country
club late Friday afternoon follow
ing delightful winters stay at
Palm Springs. Mr.. and Mrs, Todd
left for tho south early IN January,
the Donald Douds taking the coin-
try club cottage for the season.
Mr.. and Mrs, Doud are now eatab-
llshed in their apartment In town.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-25
Miss Anita Derby
To Leave for South

Miss Anita Derby, daughter ~
Mrs. Richard Darby. will lsave
Sunday for San francisco. where
shs win he tho guest 81 her uncle
and aunt. Gen. and Mira fienfy r.
Burgin ~ Fort Scott. Han Fran
claco. Miss Derby il student Al
Annie Wright seminary and will
spend her spring vacation IN Tho
California hay city. She VIII be
away q week.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-25
Mrs. George Gggs Franklin Sr Be Womans Club Guest Speaker
Romance Of Glass" Topic for
Exchange Program Tuesday
Groups from Tacoma and Olympus Plan Gay After
moons for Annual Guest Affairs This Weel

The Womans club of Tacoma viii have two important
spring during the coming week For several
exchange programs and have been featured by tho
Olympia Womans club and the Tacoma group On Tuesday
afternoon At o'clock. between thirty and forty members
Of the latter will motor 10 Olympia 10 he welcomed BY Mrs
l.. h. Lynch the president and her members.
On Friday afternoon the courtesy viii be exchanged
with the Tacoma group entertaining.
Mrs Ethel NJ Dunseath president Of the Tacoma club
will respond the greetings from the hostess group and
will introduce Mrs Calvin w. Stewart who has arranged
Earl
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-25
Two Brides Elect
Are Honored
Mis- Margaret Ann Nslssn.
Miss Connie Johrssn Fsssd

In compliment to Miss Mar
aaret Ann Nielsen and Miss
Connie Johnson. brides elect.
Mas Margaret bertrand and
Mrs. Mildred Minna enter
tanned Thursday evening in
Miss nertrnuAs apartment tu
Orting The occasion was .
bridal shower and guests were
members Of the Ortinx school.
Mas Nielsen. daughter n Nj ard
Mrx. Christian Nielsen n this city,
viii we'd Mr. Hay fsFamsissit. saa
~ NJ. and Mrs Oscar isrsnsts1t.
IN early summer. Miss Johnson.
daughter n Mrs. Charles Johnson
N 1abcb. wash.. Ia tho fssness n
M. Gordon n natisf NJ Seattle.
son ~ NJ and Mrs. e G. iIsdsr
Of Hsmst. CALI
Guests we're Mas Pearl ionsA
Miss Mildred rFlnfx. Mrs. Llnnes
i.arxoa. Mrs. 11iixabeth MaEee.
Mrs.. Lsnofs Green. Miss Villa Ann
Green and Mlas MafEsfst Minsiss.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-25
Parties Continue
For Miss Peters
Bride-Eleci of Mr.. Robert
Martin Much Fefed

Recent hostesses who have
entertained in honor of Miss
Beverly Peters are Miss Vir-
ginia Smyth and Miss Mar
garet Laithamer. Miss Pet
ers. who will become the
bride of Mr.. Robert Martin
April 5 at the Independent
Bible church, was honored
Tuesday with a crystal shower
at the home of Miss Laitha-
mer, and on Thursday eve
ming she was honor guest at
a china shower for which
Miss Smyth was hostess.
Tuesday evening was spent
playing games. with prizes being
won By Miss Virginia smyth. Miss
Lois Kuhl and Mrs. Robert Miles.
Later IN the evening. refresh
mcnts were served from a lace
covered table which was conferred
with a low bowl Of daffodils and
yellow tapers. The ice cream was
nodded into baskets Of spring
flowers.
Guests invited by Miss Latina
mer were the ncsdames II. V.
Heidi. Robert Miles and John Dow
and the Misses Alice Hszen. June
johnson, Martha Rutherford.
Betty and Lois Kuhl. Virginia
smyth. Helen staiwiek and Jane
Carlson.
At the shower Thursday. follow
ing an informal evening Of games.
a late supper was served buffet
style Prizes for the games were
won By Miss Geraldine Alexander.
Miss Ruth Jensen and Miss Jane
Ailstrum.
Guests Of Miss smyth for the
evening. in addition 10 the guest
Of honor. included the Mssdsmes
Richard D. Smith. LEO " Long
IT,. J D. smyth. mother Of the
hostess. and Ronald Grove. sister
~ the hostess. ard the Misses
Lefty Lawrence. Ba' bara Wilson.
Helen stalwick. Evelyn Taylor
Jane Garrison, Vivian Dignes. Betty
Bell. Mary Reitzei. Beulah Eskiid-
sen. Lois Kuhl. Barbara Long
streth. Dorothy Slater. Virginia
KrOgh. Eleanor Robson. Janet
Hatch. Auriel and Marcia Woods,
Virginia Leonard. Ruth Jensen.
Geraldine Alexander. Neldamas
Baker. Phyllis swanson. Augusta
Dickinson. Mile Kiospper. Jane
AIlstrlm. Betty Blood. Helen
Nicola. Dolores O'conneli Marga-
ret Laithsmer. and Carolyn Bry-
ant from Seattle
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-25
%. A. R. Chapters Here to Join
Others at State Conference
Many from Tacoma viii Journey 10 WsHs WaHa for
Fortieth State Meet Mar. IT. 70 and ~

The doth state conference of the Daughters of the
american Revolution of Washington will be held in Waa
aa March 81 % and 90 with members of Narcssa Prem
ss chapter of Walla Wala and Dayton and Kennewick
chapters The conference will be held in the Marcus Whit
man hotel with Mrs Edwin +. Rhodes of Tacoma state
regent presiding.
All is in readiness for the conference Mrs Starr Sherman
bf Wala Wala conference chairman and her committee
having completed plans for the entertainment of the 200
delegates and visitors.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-25
Mrs. Miller 10
Entertain Exocopis

Mrs. Victor ~ Miller. ID No,
J ct. viii entertain members u
Esoeepsa club ~ her home On Mon.
day afternoon for II 30 luncheon,
Each member viii have q part IN
The afternoon program of current
events.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-25
Mrs. csrrshsn Hostess
For nook InIk Groun

FOR Mrs. Clark Gouid's ever
popular Tuesday afternoon boais
talk At 2 o'clock. Mrs. Frank Car.
nahan is offering ths gracious
hospitality 81 her homs At 9p07
No. 9th this week.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-25
Miss Kennard Guest
For Easter Weekend

Miss Sauna ksnnAid. daughter
~ the Hunter kennaris. arrived
In Tacoma Friday evening 10 he
the weekend guest OF her par.
ents. She IL ~ present librarian
At the Eiienahurs hlah school.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-25
Judge and Mrs. Hodge
Easier Hosts

win their parents Judge and
Mrs. y. u. Hodge. fof Easter din
nsr viii bs Mr.. and Mfs, John f'oF-
ter. who will came from heatti@.
and M. and Mrs. Richard tfndxe.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-25

Queen Esther society, Trinity
Methodist church. N.ll meet IN the
home n Catherine Burnley 4o45
Spokane ave. Monday evening for
$50 supper.
The Omaha guide., 1940-03-09
HATTIE MCDANIEL WINS
ACADEMY AWARD

Hollywood, March 6, (ANP) =
Hattie Mcdaniel, who portrayal of
Nanny in "Gone with the Wind"
was reported by many critics to
have stolen the picture, won the
annual supporting actress award
of the Academy of Motion Picture
Arts and Sciences here Thursday
night. This is the first time Me-
gro film player has been SO honor
ed.
Miss Mcdaniel was boosted for
the coveted award by many nation
ally known movie folk and column
lists, including Jimmie Fiddler and
Hedda Hopper, who said in a syn
dicated article shortly before the
winners were announced
81 believe everyone is delighted
that Hattie Mcdaniel who gave
such a superb performance as
Nanny in GWTW is up for an Ac-
ademy award. But wonder if
YOU know anything about her his
tory? While she was making that
picture, they called her in for an
hours interview to get her biogra-
ply, but she wound up by spending
shots watching her. Because she
the day there with most of the big
illusctrated her story.
"She's the 18th child of a Baptist
minister, her father had a good
bass voice and her mother sang So
prano in the church choir. Her
mother also taught her to cook and
she worked at that job in Denver
during the time she made her way
through the East Denver High
school, where she studied dramatic
art and public speaking. She got
a gold medal there for reciting
verses of Paul Dunbar. She
crooned over the airways for two
years as High Hat Hattie.
"Once when she was taking care
of the powder room in a Milwaukee
cafe, the leading lady of the floor
eered to put over the show. She
show tainted, and Hattie volunt-
did, and from then on the ladies
powdered their noses without Hat
ties assistance. Her success in
The Omaha guide., 1940-03-09
Page 8

All persons interested in said es.
tate are hereby notified that a pet
ition has been filed in said Court
alleging that said deceased died
leaving no last will and praying for
administration upon his estate, and
administration upon his estate, and
that hearing will be had on said
petition before said court on the
2nd day of March, 1910, and that if
they fail to appear at said Court on
the said 2nd day of March, 1910, at
8 o'clock A. NJ, to contest said pet
ition, the Court may grant admin.
istration of said estate to Cornell
ius Glover or some other suitable
persons and proceed to a settlement
thereof.
Bryce Crawford,
County Judge.
The Omaha guide., 1940-03-09

which according to one critic shows
that his roots of art lie deeply
within the great African tradition"
The race is truly blessed in hav-
ing within its group one of their
number who still retains his love
for his race and is glad and willing
to express it in drawings that
proves his ancestors possessed an
artistic culture that will not die,
but is still slumbering in the blood
stream of his people. Bill Taylor
will leave a heritage that will a
waken the present and the future
generations of his people and de-
velope this latent artistic ability
which under the Whiteman's influ-
ence they have long neglected.
WHAT ABOUT YOU?-The ques-
The Omaha guide., 1940-03-09
SAYS ONLY FEW NEGROES
HAVE EQUALITY IN FRANCE

New York,-Contrary to popular
American belief, only a very small
section of the French colonial pop
ulation is permitted to enjoy the
status of citizenship, or even per-
mitted the enjoyment of elemen-
tary civil liberties, according to
George Padmore, specialist in col
onial problems, writing in The Cri-
sis magazine for March.
Mr.. Padmore points out that
most people, and especially Amer
ican Negroes, have been deceived
about racial equality in the French
empire, because they have based
their judgement on the Every min
ute" section of French Negroes
who are granted equality.
The French have been more clev-
er than the English, he declares, in
dealing with their dark colonial
populations. Like the English,
they educate and train small
group of colored people to help
them control the masses of Negro
subjects. But whereas the Engl-
ish maintain color line even a.
gainst the dark leaders they seem
to favor, France embraces this
small group and grants it full SOC
ial equality, including intermarr.
iage.
This policy, with the English and
the French, has had the same re.
suits, namely, iron-clad control OF
the masses of the darker colonies;
but the French have been able tc
plant the impression throughout
the world that they really believe
in equality.
The Padmore article in The Cri-
sis entitled Subjects and Citizens
in French Africa" declares that
France, which has the largest en-
pire in Africa, has divided its Ne
gro people into two classifications
citizens and subjects, and that the
vast majority-some sixty million,
is made up of subjects who have no
citizenship rights.
The Omaha guide., 1940-03-09

'Showboat' brought her to Holly
wood. And | remember her in Ka-
therine Hepburn's Alice Adams in
which she did a female Stephin
Fetchit cook. 1t was one of the
funniest scenes in the picture. She
still sings and recites in church.
at must have been fun the last
time she passed through Denver
where she started her career as a
cook, for they had to call out the
Fire and Police departments to
hold the crowds back"
The Omaha guide., 1940-03-09
Atty Ray l.. Williams,
Room l, Tuchman Bldg,
at Gath and Lake st.
County Judge.

Notice of Administration
In the County Court of Douglas
County, Nebraska:
In the matter of the estate Of
Walter I. Davis, deceased.
All persons interested in said es-
tate are hereby notified that a pet
ition has been filed in said Court
alleging that said deceased died
leaving no last will and praying for
that hearing will be had on said
petition before said court on the
End day of March, 1910, and that if
they fail to appear at said Court on
the said End day of March, 1910, at
8 o'clock A. NJ, to contest said pet.
ition, the Court may grant admin
istration of said estate to W. L.
Myers or some other suitable
persons and proceed to settlement
thereof.
Bryce Crawford,
County Judge.
The Omaha guide., 1940-03-09
THE OMAHA GUIDE

SATURDAY, MARCH Q, 1910
Published Every Saturday, at 241S
Grant St, Omaha Nebraska.
$3.50 per year. SC single copy.
Entered as second class matter
March 18th, 1927 at the Postoffice
at Omaha, Nebraska, under the Act
of March 3rd, 1879.
The Omaha guide., 1940-03-09

tenn. Let us hope that by the time
the crypt is opened that those in
that stage will have enough history
at their command to realize how
unfair their brethren of the pres
ent age were in dealing with us in
this present era.
The Omaha guide., 1940-03-09
Omaha, Nebraska, Saturday, March 9, 1910

theirs system of avoiding the charge
of not giving every group an OPP
portunity to show its real worth
and intelligence. The book, Race
Relations would serve a better pur-
pose if it was placed in every libr-
airy and become one of the text
books of our free educational sys-
The Omaha guide., 1940-03-09
CROCHETED POT HOLDER SET
NUMBER 9O74
Crocheted
Pot Holder Set
Design No. W74

Give your kitchen decorative
scheme a fresh new look with this
set of colorful crocheted pot hold
ers. Easy to make and inexpens-
i've too!
The Omaha guide., 1940-03-09
THRU THE
Darkness
| See
BY FRED C. WILLIAMS

ART AWAKENED-In the news
this week is the story of S5 year
old Bill Taylor, an ex-slave and
farm hand now living in the old
capitol of the confederacy, Mont
gomery, Ala. The new South art
galleries of that city are displaying
drawings by this octogenarian
The Omaha guide., 1940-03-09
CROCHETED BEDSPREAD.
NuMRER 655

Young homemakers who start
out modestly and who live inform
ally will thrill to this pattern
not too grand for every day living,
The Omaha guide., 1940-03-09
DIVINE FLEES; HEAVEN
ABLAZE

Philadelphia, March 6 (ANP) -
Father Divine, cult leader, was
forced to flee when fire broke out
in a local "heaven" last week. The
firemen, PHILIPS colored unit were
greeted by Divine with "Peace,
brothers.. Little damage was
done by the blaze, caused by de-
fective flue.