davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-24
By Constantine BroDn.

advanced that the landing of mixed
American force now while Germany's
hands are full would be fraught with no
dangers or risks.
The Latin American republics feel
that on the basis of the Havana agree
ment they are entitled to suggest for
the common defense of the Western
Continent the occupation of points
whence an enemy force could menace
the sovereignty of the republics of the
Western Hemisphere.
Attitude of France.
OF course, Dakar belongs to France.
But since there is no question that any
of the American republics would want to
do more than prevent an action Of the
German government which Frustrated
France cannot resist, the general belief
in Latin America is that the French
themselves would offer no resistance. AS
an Illustration of the case, the fate OF
Indo-China is mentioned. That French
colony in the Far East is incomparably
more important than little Dakar in
Senegambia. Yet the French govern
ment offered no opposition to the jap
anese suggestion for IAN agreement" to
occupy the country in order to better
prosecute the war against China. The
same reasons which we're advanced by
the French government, it is said, could
be advanced by the North and South
American republics.
State Department officials are reluc-
tant to touch upon this matter right
now. They feel that Marshal Petain
could not accept any such suggestion
because it would mean his immediate
downfall. He would be replaced by the
strongly pro-axis Pierre Laval, who would
not hesitate to permit German forces
to 20 through France and would give
them all available facilities to land in
North Africa, whence German troops
could make their way to the region oc-
cupied by necessarily small American
detachments.
Fear of Consequences.
On the other hand if Petain fatty re-
jected such suggestion and force
were landed despite his opposition,
French troops in North Africa, which
are still well equipped and obey their
officers, might be let loose on the Amer
leans and this country would find itself
in long and somewhat risky war.
The fears of the cautious State De-
partment are regarded as groundless by
those who see real advantage in pre-
emptive coup against Dakar. 1t is true
that the Vichy government, whether
headed by Petain or by Laval, will be
forced to oppose with all its might an
attempted landing. 1t Is equally true
that the Germans, fearful Of losing such
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-24

wave after wave, sought new industrial
targets in Birmingham and other cities.
In retaliation for British attacks on
Hamburg, Bremen and Kiel, Berlin an
nounced that more than 1000 600 pounds
of bombs had been dropped on Birming-
ham, a key producer of British war
supplies.
Continuing its offensive, the Royal Air
Force bombed vital war plants in the
Ruhr Valley and other parts
Ruhr of Germany. For the sec
Rojded ond time, British bombers
attacked the huge Skoda
arms works at Pilsen, in old Czecho-
Slovakia. AS in earlier weeks, the Royal
Air Force paid particular attention to
oil depots and synthetic Oil plants.
While in dock at Bremen, the Europa,
Germany's largest liner, was hit amid
ships by British bombs, the Air Ministry
news service reported. Production at
the Krupp Arms Works at Essen, it said,
has been reduced by so per cent and
British bombing raids have seriously dis
rupted industry and transportation in
many parts of Germany.
A shake-up IN the high command of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-24

the Royal Air Force last week was seen
by some observers as evidence that Brit
ain is planning an air offensive against
the axis in the spring. Under the
changes announced by the British Air
Ministry, Sir Hugh Dowding, air chief
marshal, has been assigned to the United
States for special unexplained duty"
AS part of his mission, according to re-
ports from London. Marshal Dowding
will advise American military and avia-
ton experts of the combat experience
of the r. A. F. with view to Standard
izing American and British airplanes.
improving design, construction and
equipment and speeding mass produc-
ton, which is so essential if Britain is
to win. and hold superiority in the air
over her totalitsri an foes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-24
By Leslie Hore.BeIisha.

vide an additional reservoir of supplies
for Germany outside the reach of Brit
ish bombers
1t is now six months since his ma
jesty's government stated officially that
the time had come to mobilize to the
full the whole resources of the country
Every private interest was to give way
to the urgent needs of the community.
The minister of labor was to have the
power to direct any person to perform
any services required for the programs
of various departments, and bold, COM
prehensive scheme of training was to
be established.
Thousands Still Idle.
What has happened? There has been
no appreciate reduction in the numbers
out of work, and the figure of those COM
pletely> idle still stands at over 100000.
In spite of the insistence placed on serv-
ices which women can render, the num-
Der of women wholly unemployed has
risen by more than $4,000 since the
outbreak of war
Greater Germany, at the beginning OF
hostilities, had a population more than
twice that of Britain. She disposed of a
labor force more than double that Of
the United Kingdom. BY the special
measures she has taken, including the
addition of over 100000 more women and
the enlistment of about a million for
eign workers and another million prison.
ers of war, it is estimated that her indus
trial army today stands at 10000, 900.
Total War" Economics.
How is this disparity between the eff
forts of the two nations to be redressed?
Much reliance is placed upon the as
sistance of the United States, but only
one-seventh Of the production Of that
country is at present devoted to military
purposes, as compared to one-third dur
ing the war of 1914-16. The last recorded
monthly figure for armament exports
from the United States to the United
Kingdom was only $8,000,000 This may
well have been more than doubled under
a quickened impulse to give whole
hearted aid.
However, the moral plainly to be de-
duced, at any rate for the immediate
future, is that Britain cannot in her
own economy avoid the implications of
total war
Instead of compulsory turning over.
to the maximum possible extent. her
factories, her raw materials and her
labor to making ornaments, she is fol-
lowing a haphazard, dilatory process.
Supplies required by manufacturers for
the home market are being restricted,
With the result that employees work for
shorter hours On their peacetine avo-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-24

is made secure This was on Thursday,
three days after II Duce had vowed the
humiliation of Britain.
With evident appreciation, the King,
in his speech from the throne, referred
to the ever increasing volume of NUM-
tons of war" from the United Staes.
Relations between Britain and the United
States, he declared could not be more
cordial"
In urging the raising of another 500, 900
troops from the colonies, Earl Winterton,
an Irish peer and Conservative member
of the House of Commons warned that
Britain need not expect American mill
tary help in her battle to free Europe.
1T is only a pipe dream that we shall
see American ships and troops fighting
in Europe" he said
Last week saw no letup in the Nazi air
war. England's Midlands, with their
large industrial cities,
Midland underwent terrific pun
Rouh;nos ishment from Hitler's
bombers. AS the towns
people of Coventry buried their dead,
victims of total" war, Nal raiders, in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-24
Mediterranean Front

On Monday, the 5th anniversary of
the economic sanctions against Italy
that grew out of the Ethiopian campaign,
Benito Mussolini made a speech from
his Palazzo Venezia. Though II Duce
had promised the Italian people rich
returns from their partnership with NaZi
Germany, since the entrance of. his
country into the war he has been
strangely silent In breaking his long
silence last week he denounced Britain
as the modern Carthage" declared that
tive will break Greece's back" even if
At takes a year, denied that half of
1taly's pattleships had been put out of
commission in the raid on laramie and
vowed to continue the fight until Britain
is annihilated.
While II Duce was rendering an &C
count of his stewardship and answering
some of the questions on the tongues
of his countrymen, axis diplomats were
busy last week in the Balkan capitals.
For Greece, whose fight for freedom
has won the admiration of the world,
is proving a hard nut to crack. More
than ever before, therefore the Co
operation" of the Balkans is essential
to the axis.
On Wednesday, Hungary signed at
Vienna military, political and eco
nomic pact which made
Hungary her full hedged partner
Joins Axis of the Berlin-R Rome Toxic
axis, and Hitler, by a
stroke of the pen. obtained military
avenue $50 miles further into the Balkans
toward Greece, Turkey, Baghdad and
Suez. After signing the pact, Hitler
received Count Paul Teleky and his
Foreign Minister, Count Stefan Osaky,
for a conference at the Hotel Imperial
in the presence of German Foreign Min
lister Joachim Won Ribbentrop. After a
two-hour talk, the Hungarians left for
home.
On Thursday, Gen Ion Antonescu,
Premier of Rumania, arrived in Berlin.
On Friday, he conferred with Herr Hitler
for three and half hours, and in the
evening the Nazis gave him gala re-
ception at the Hotel Adlon. Later came
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-24

the announcement that Rumania had
signed up with the axis.
In Rome, meanwhile, it was predicted
that Bulgaria would be the next to
join in forthcoming war moves by the
axis. Fascist officials predicted also that
Spain, whose Foreign Minister, Serrano
Suner, was recent visitor to Berlin,
might also join in the drive to crush
Britain.
With the help of the Royal Air Force
and the British Navy, the Greeks con-
tinued to keep the Italian
ItoIions Army on the run last week.
On Run Principal detectives of the
Greek advance were the
two italian bases in Greece, Koritza
and Argirocastro. Following a series
of victories over the Fascist in
vaders, the Greeks captured Koritza on
Friday. Though the Italians, perhaps
reinforced by Hitler's soldiers, are ex-
pected again to take the offensive, the
Greek Army, up to now, has accounted
for all the scoring
In talk with foreign newspaper cor
respondents at Athens, Theo Nicoloudis,
Greek Press Minister, appealed to the
free countries" of the world particularly
the United States and Britain, to help
Greece in her war against Italy. Under
secretary Welles revealed that Greece
had asked for the opportunity to pur-
chase war supplies in the United States,
notably airplanes. This request, he said,
had been sympathetically received.
On Thursday, Rome announced the
capture of the new vice air commander
of the British air forces in the Near
East, Air Marshal Owen Tudor Boyd.
With six other men, including four Off
GERS, Boyd was taken prisoner when his
plane, en- route to his new post, made
a forced landing in Sicily.
Turkey, pressed by the axis. indicated
a stiffening attitude toward the agrees
sors in Eastern Europe by declaring mar
tial law in the Dardanelles region.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-24

K. A number of South American repub-
hes are disturbed over reports from the
French African port, Dakar, to the effect
that the Germans are preparing an air
and naval base TO be used there when
and If the propitious moment arrives.
That the South American republics are
disturbed is understandable. Their gen.
eral stats know how inadequate their
national defense preparations are. These
men also know how dangerous the fifth
columnists in Latin America can be.
And the chiefs of staff who recently left
washington are somewhat perturbed
that they were not able to obtain any
definite plan of cooperation here.
Military Inspection.
Well received In this country, they
were shown all our industrial plants en-
gagged in manufacturing airplanes, tanks
and guns, and were satisfied with what
the saw. But neither the chief of naval
operations nor the chief of staff OF the
Army more than touched on the vital
matters of coordination of the pam
American forces in the event of COM
mon danger.
The reason our military men were ret
icent was that on the eve OF an election
1t would have been foolish to commit
themselves one way or the other.
The basic principles of pan-American
cooperation were laid down at the Ha-
yana Conference. The much-needed i'm
fermentation of these principles Is
matter of detail which could not be dis
cussed before November D.
Lesson of France Remembered.
Upon their return to their respective
capitals the chiefs of staff reported their
findings to their governments. All in all,
they were elated with what they had
seen. But they pointed out that while at
the present time-with Britain still on
its feet-the position of the Americas
was excellent, there Is no saying what
may happen If Britain colapses.
They all remembered how fatal 1t
had been for France and Great Britain
to preserve diplomatic niceties and re-
fuse to occupy the Norwegian and Dutch
ports and coastal defenses. They all
knew that Germanys crushing victory
over Europe would not have been won
30 easily had the British and the French
established themselves in these smaller
countries before the Germans thought of
getting there.
And they were afraid that similar
situation might occur again in the event
the Americas did not take the necessary
steps to cover themselves by taking over
such important bases as Dakar before
the Germans decide to begin operations
from that coast. The thought Is being
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-24
AMERICAN OCCUPATION OF DAkAR URGED
Landing Of Mixed Seen Likely Get French Aid

an important asset as that French port,
would not hesitate to pour troops into
Africa, either through France or through
Spain-after the British had been dis
lodged from Gibraltar But it Is more
than probable that the African army
would not follow the orders of the Vichy
government.
African Situation.
The presence OF Gen. Weygand IN
Africa and his refusal to return to
France when ordered to by his govern
ment is indicative of the situation in
that part of Frances colonial empire.
Gen. Weygand gave up the fight last
June because he as soldier. realized
that the French Army was no longer IN
a position to fight and, furthermore, he
was convinced that Britain would be
forced to her knees before the end OF
the summer. Hence it would have been
useless for him to try to continue the
battle from North Africa, where the
Reynaud government intended to estab-
fish headquarters.
q
mistake in regard to Britain. He Is
anxious to restore his reputation as a
soldier. Marshal Petain has his place in
history. The name of Verdun will always
be associated with his. The fact that he
agreed to surrender to Germany in the
He inherited bad situation, but he had
gone on record as opposing war while
France was utterly unprepared, as in
September, 1888.
Weygand Changes His Mind.
Weygand's name, however, will be
linked in history with that Of COM
plete defeat and surrender. This the
fiery septuagenarian general cannot
stand. He gave up when he thought
that the whole world would have to
goose step. But when he realizes now
that Germany's victory is slipping away
from her, he is inclined to become an
opportunist and throw his lot in with
those who might defeat the axis.
There is definite information tina,
Weygand is now talking. through a third
person, with the British. In American
quarters where preventive move in
West Africa is advocated, there is a
definite feeling that if American troops
and marines make their appearance at
Dakar, the whole North African army
would obey the command of Weygand-
regardless of who heads the Vichy gov
ernment-and march wherever the
former commander in chief Of the French
armies orders them.
There are many officers in that army
who still remember that the arrival Of
The American troops On French soil tn
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-24

China, if necessary, is ready for three
more years of war. In 1888, Premier
Fumimaro Konoye declared that Japan
desired no territory or indemnity from
China and that Japan would respect
Chinas sovereignty. Chinese recalled,
however, that Konoye was also author of
a pledge that Japan would beat China
to her knees
Despite bombings by Japan's airmen,
military, medical and industrial supplies
are reaching China over the
Burmo Burma road in the amount
Rood of $4,000 tons a month. the
Associated Press reported last
week in dispatch from Lashio, Burma,
the British railhead, some $50 miles dis
tant from Running. focal point of
China's supply system. Though the
japanese have repeatedly strafed this
route and the caravans using it. traffic
has never been held up more than 48
hours.
Nearly every day, 200 trucks leave
Lashio loaded with goods for China,
large part of which come from the
United States. Every effort is being
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-24
TOTAL WAR ECONOMY URGED ON BRITAIN
HoeBeho Cites peponderont Superiority Of Noz Industrial Effort

cations, or their services become re-
dundant. No clear-cut plan is in opera
ton to draft them Immediately into
munitions industries. Likewise, plant
machinery, instead of being put to full
use, Is permitted to remain in partial
idleness.
Mani War Economy.
In Germany, on the other hand the
output of consumable goods has been
reduced to an indispensable minimum
and their production concentrated In as
few factories as possible. The resultant
surplus of labor is Immediately devoted,
as are the plants also. to intensifying
the revolutions of the war machine
Owners of closed factories are COM
pensated out of the proceeds of a levy
on companies still allowed to continue
ordinary activities.
Another feature of Nazi planning is
the progressive enlargement Of pro-
ductive capacity which is secured by the
constant flowing into industry of ade-
quate numbers of skilled men. Over a
million workers have been trained I'M
der government auspices since the war
started. In Britain the comparative
figure is 100000.
Victory Within Reach.
Steps have been taken to remedy some
of the present deficiencies but no piece
meal adjustments will suffice to compete
with the relentless rhythm of the Nazi
war machine. Men, women, plants and
materials must be dedicated to one CEN
trail purpose.
What can be gained by improved or
ganiZation must not be lost by any
avoidable interruption In public serv-
ices.
If there has been In Britain. and no
less in the United States, an adequate
appreciation of the thorough re-
vision that is required in mental ap-
proach as in economic organization, IL
is because in this war, in contrast to
the last, there has been lacking that
stimulus to enthusiasm which is given
by the conduct of offensive operations.
When fleets are engaged and armies
In grapple, then motive power is i'm
parted to the whole of national life.
The tempo is quickened and the output
of munitions must of necessity become
more closely commensurate with the
demand
Now that Greece, with her small army
and diminutive reserves, has led the
vanguard of the first successful offensive
against the axis on land, let those ma
tons whose cause she so valiantly car
ries improve upon her example. She
has brought victory within reach.
(copyrisht, 1900
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-24

through timber
italy already found out that
that sort of going military picnic
the wod another barrier the Dadanees and the
divisions left their these beaches in
the World War Then all attempts penetrate topped NTH terrific
Notifications
Turkeys literally mountains hch rise the
plateau British the Mediterranean controls the
supplied Indefinitely by Britain attacked
the While the nUdder lines length
NTH each Advance the Turks lines would shorten
the oil
Turkey least 800 miles
going before reach the oil goal Map by
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-24
The Far East

According to dispatches from the Far
East last week, Japan is seeking peace
talks with Generalissimo Chang Kali
shek, commander of powerful and un-
vanquished army. Commenting on these
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-24

military attempting Turkey
tough going
Moot decided the
fate Turkey Turkey something about that Turkey
consideration to the OF Russia and Ger
But she feel she tough enough to do her deciding
And she decides alter the course of the
Britain announced
- Turkey strategistS nightmare
Turkey roughly QUADRANGLE
ould canaA
Mould shooting gallery
for flank attacks the heights.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-24

1917 turned the tide of the war and
changed defeat into victory The same
feeling prevails among those officers to-
day. Weygand is reported to be one of
these men.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-24
Greek Army Routs Italians Wars Big Upset Turkey Res Axis Pressu

made to add new trucks to the feet Of
1000, which is now available to move
supplies over the Burma road.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-11-24
Battle of Britain

In opening Parliament last week, King
George VI declared that the British EN-
pire will continue to fight until freedom
La gaceta., 1940-06-07

Washington, JUNO 7.-El 60
bierno facilit6 aver la entrega
de so aeroplanos de la marina a
la compania Curtis, para que
6sta a su vez los venda a los A
liados. La Curtis entregara en-
Gambia nuevo equipo. FL gobier
no decide verificar esa transac
ci6n, que es legal, teniendo EN-
cuenta la ayuda urgente que los
Aliados demandan. Los apara-
tos Sc volaron desde Buffalo,
New York, para ser entregados
a la Curtis. Podra la compahia
venderlos a los Aliados, sin rea
liar un acto c%ontrario a la neu-
tralidad. La acci6n fue califica-
da de propia por ell representa-
tie Bates, republican, de Massa-
chussets.
eS mostrJ tambien DC acuer-
do con 10 hecho, usando pala-
bras vigorosas, ell senador Pep
per.
(Pdsa a la Ia. pd0.)
La gaceta., 1940-06-07

Washingto.., JUNO LAS
exportaciones a Russia aumenta-
ron en- 81% en- los primeros Sic
te ny IS de la guerra, seg1n el
informe de la secretarfa de Co
merciO. Ell gobierno parece te-
ner la ereencia de que ell cobre y
otros metales envlados a Russia,
no Sc han mandado por Ell Soviet
a Alemania. Durante los tres
primeros meses de este ano Ru-
STA export6 por valor de $780,
O92, O72, comparada la chra
con $32, $685. 900 desde enero a
mario de 1889. Muchas de las
Sc hicieron en- los Es-
tados Unidos por Ia raz6n de
que la guerra no les permitia ha
cerlas en- otros PASSES.
La gaceta., 1940-06-07
EUROPA Y AMERICA AL Ola
NOTICIAS

Roma, JUNO 7.-El ministro
lazi de agricnultura viene cola
orlando estrechamente con Ell
ninistro italiano del mismo RAJ
no.
Esperase en- esta capital la lie
oada de una delegation nazi pre-
sidida por Rudolf Hess, nazi
~cSrroro 8. "Visitara la exposi-
.i6n d. arte de Cremona''. Los
.rer;6dicos publican noticias So
bre perseculiones de italianos
en- Casablanca, Marruecos, y On
Argelia.