davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-12-30
Widow of Maj. Cohen
Dies in Atlanta at 70
Ry the Associated Press.

ATLANTA. Dec. 3O.-Mrs. Julia
Clarke Cohen, 70. widow Of Mai
John S. Cohen. former United States
Senator and one-time president and
editor of the Atlanta journal. died
at her home yesterday after an i'll
ness of several weeks.
A native of Atlanta, she was the
daughter of Robert Campbell Clarke
and Mary Lowry. She was married
to Maj. Cohen November II, 1897.
He died in 1895.
Evening star., 1940-12-30
BY LILLIAN cox ATHEY.

Many have mistaken the sword
fish for the spearfish by Judging
them by their prolonged snouts. II
you will compare the bodies of the
two you will see they are vastly
different. They simply have
swords" that are Identical
The spearfish is a deep blue above
and white below, with deep blue
fms, the dorsal spotted with a dark
er blue. In the clear water this
Evening star., 1940-12-30
WHITE-12 MEN.

White to Play and Mate In Two Moves.
Keys to No 2sS also come from Henry
FITZGERALD, Marguerite Owens Ellen c.
Additional keys to No. 2sa acknowledged
from Fred L. Arends j. Robertson, Day
Thsrpe So go Alan nov haisd iheindes keys from Ralph
Reed, Alan J. Healey, Day Thorpe, j. Rob-
ertson. Warren Pearce. jr.; Charles T.
Hederick, sr.; Ellen c. Hatmaker, Fred II,
Ladder on No 291.. to date. Warren
Pearce, jr; Edmund Nash. w. B: Boger,
George R. Hicks. Ralph Reed Fred II.
Post your solutions to the, Chess Editor,
Within fortnight We hope TO publish
ladder scoring in the current problem
solving tourney.
New State Champions.
Among the new State chess
champions are Andrew M. Lockett,
Louisiana; Maj. j. B. Holt, Missis-
sippi; Erich Marchand, Mis-
souri,; William F., Hartling, West
Virginia; John Buck, Virginia; Mrs
Emil Housefeld, Wisconsin women's
champion; Robert whitman, New
York; Jacob D. Neuss, New Jersey
all-State; J. o. Hoy, Northern Ohio;
Philip Woliston, California (defeat-
ing H. Borochow and Herman
Steiner; Marvin Palmer, Michigan,
and J. j. Leary, Pennsylvania (won
Evening star., 1940-12-30
# CHE; = s #
Ry PAUL J. MILLER,

BY PAUL J. MILLER,
literally
1910 Friendly national rivalry
played and
conditions dull genius and
brance bowels
distant from the customary social hsunts of man
fraught world conflicts
culture and
from their dead cells higher thingsand
of civilization
Evening star., 1940-12-30
CHAPTER VIII.

Barclay sat in the living and cried after Gale had out
from emotions
change
Evening star., 1940-12-30
Drink the Noe and Fry
Eggs, House Boy Advises
BY the Associated Press.

BY tNe ASSOCla Ted Press.
KANSAS CITY. Dec. 30.-The
house boy listened dutifully while
Mrs. Ed Mura explained how to mix
a holiday eggnog, then exclaimed:
That's powerful waste of some
very fancy ingredients. Was it me.
I'd drink the whisky and fry them
eggs"
More than 100 consumer societies
are now affiliated with SWeden's
Cooperative Union.
Evening star., 1940-08-07

provides the base for domination Of
all the Near East, and from there
India.
There Is, of course, no certainty
about Italy's success, and If the ca
nal looms large in calculations at
this moment it is mainly because of
its potentialities. There is a good
chance that Britain will be able to
repel the Italian attack, and If the
defense succeeds, the axis will have
suffered its first major defeat. 1t
must be remembered that it is not
the Germans who are making this
drive but the Italians, and there is a
vast difference not only in their
striking power but in the nature of
the terrain over which they fight.
The outcome of this offensive will
be awaited with the keenest interest
in this country, where preservation
OF the British Empire continues to be
OF paramount Importance.
Evening star., 1940-08-07

stable yard because chauffeurs and me-
chanics washed and tinkered with auto
mobiles and brushed upholstered seats
in the faces of passersby and residents
sitting at their doorsteps
now live in what might be considered
something of an exclusive cooperative
apartment house where tenants with
children and pets are not accommodated
and where all is usually cleanliness and
order, yet on the spotless floors of the
corridors will be seen occasionally ciga-
rette wrappings, butts. burnt matches
and other small trash thrown there pre-
sumably by careless callers.
The job of self-appointed cleanliness
crusader requires more determination
than the average citizen is disposed to
manifest and gets one in bad with
slovenly neighbors who are inclined to
regard a crusader as an oyerzealous
busybody. e..
A drive by the newspapers and civic
organizations should prove effective if
the advocates do not weaken. The cur
rent effort should be something more
than a spasmodic squirt in the interest
of cleanliness and order.
If people are naturally slovenly, ar
resting them will not cure them, but
will create opposition. People must be
educated to the desirability of a clean,
orderly and attractive environment in
which to live and work or their co-oper.
alton cannot be enlisted.
August S. JAMES JOHNSON
Evening star., 1940-08-07
Topping Spies Wires

The House, by its passage of the
Celler bill to legalize wire-tapping in
cases involving the national defense,
has moved sensibly, albeit belatedly,
to lift the absurd and dangerous
restrictions which prevent the Fed
eral Bureau of Investigation from
listening in on the telephones Of
known or suspected espionage agents
OF foreign powers. 1t is hard to
believe-but it is true, nevertheless
that for more than four months
alien spies, saboteurs and other
undercover agents have been free to
carry on their plotting by wire with
out fear OF interception of their
messages by Americas counter
espionage forces. That amazing sit
uation arises from the outlawing by
the Supreme Court of the use of
wire-tapping evidence in criminal
prosecutions, supplemented by a
Department of Justice order banning
overlapping under any circum-
stances. At the time of issuance OF
Attorney General Robert Jackson's
order on March 18 last, G-men were
obtaining valuable information from
tapped wires Of certain known for
eign agents. These taps" were
abandoned forthwith, for it was Mr..
Jackson's reluctant opinion that the
high courts broad interpretation of
the overlapping clause of the Fed
eral Communications Act barred any
exceptions to the ruling, whatever.
He pointed out at the time that the
order would handicap the F. B. I.
in its investigation of some ex-
tremely serious cases"
Representative Emanuel Celler OF
New York acted to remedy the situ-
alton by introducing joint resolu-
tion exempting espionage, sabotage,
treason and seditious conspiracy
cases from the overlapping restric-
tions OF the communications law.
Despite the emergency nature of this
bill, it did not reach the House floor
for a vote until yesterday, when it
passed by voice vote after brief
opposition. The bill now goes to the
Senate, where, it is to be hoped, it
will receive prompt consideration
and passage. The Senate could rem
der the cause of law enforcement a
major service by amending the bill
to include such other serious crimes
as kidnapping and extortion. 1t is
preposterous that such public en-
emies as kidnapers and similar gang
Sters should be protected in their
operations by legislative. ban on
overlapping.
Evening star., 1940-08-07
THIS AND THAT
By Charles E. Tracewe1.

do you want to see rs hummingbirds
In one tree?" asked the gardener Of the
large estate, as he waved friendly hand
from the driveway.
That's lot of hummingbirds. we
said. only too eager to see such a phe-
nomenon. Two at time was all we had
ever seen before.
The chance to see large numbers of
them at once, and In nearby Maryland,
too, was not to be missed.
Through the grounds we went, the
gardener leading the way, until we came
to beautiful tree, covered with fine
pinnate leaves. Of deep green, and fairly
clothed in an abundance OF tassel- like
pink flowers.
This Is the tree sometimes called
hereabouts the mimosa tree, but it is
not q mimosa, but the famous silk tree,
or Nemu tree Of the Orient
Washington is about as far north as
1t grows. The tree is 80 to 40 feet high,
with spread almost as much.
The growth is good in every way, but
the great attraction is the flower, and,
when in bloom. the numbers of hum
mingbirds.
4
Sure enough, there they were, dozens
OF them, chattering away like monkeys
This squeaking noise, so characteristic
OF the ruby -throated hummingbird, cam
not be realized to its full unless there are
many birds present.
And usually, in a small garden, we
must be content with a pair or so, in
which case the chattering noise is lost
In the general hum of outdoors.
But not when scores of them are
present. We could hear the squeaking
long before we came beneath the tree.
While we could not go before a jury
and swear to rs hummers, we have no
doubt there were that many there.
1t was a magnificent sight.
The little birds, led by one very fat
one, darted in their peculiar way from
blossom to blossom.
They were here, there, everywhere,
constantly flying In and out beneath the
canopy Of green and pink OF the beauti-
full tree.
1t was tropical sight in a Maryland
suburb.
4
The tree, which shared the interest
with the hummingbirds. belongs to the
genus Albizzia, member of the pea
family, related to the acacias.
The species, the gardener said, was
julibrissin, making the full scientific
name OF the tree Albizzia julibrissin.
There are, we believe, other specimens
in and around Washington, particularly
some on the extensions of some of our
avenues.
Certainly this would be a good speci-
men tree for any home ground, If for no
other reason than its great attraction
for the hummers.
The tassel-like flowers, Of silklike
threads, fairly covering the tree, must
be seen for one to realize the great
attraction thereof for hummingbirds.
Evening star., 1940-08-07
Dr.. Frederick A. Cook

Whatever else is said of Doctor
Frederick A. Cook, this much in COM
mon justice is due to his memory: He
was not fortunate man. Fame was
his for a time; wealth on more than
one occasion seemed within his
reach; yet he died discredited and
Impoverished, alone save for a single
friend
The question raised by his claim to
have achieved the North Pole cannot
be answered with perfect assurance
by any authority. His contention
was challenged a few days after
It's announcement on September /,
1909. Commander Robert E. Peary,
with whom Doctor Cook had been
in the Arctic in 1891, charged him
with Selling the public gold brick"
The bitterest scientific controversy
of the age developed. Thousands of
people inclined to side with the first
claimant; still others took the oppo-
site position. Amateurs who had no
qualification to engage in the battle
rushed into it with zeal worthy of
better employment. Professional
opinion favored the naval officer
over the self-made medical practi-
toner whose preparation for explo-
ration admittedly had been sketchy
In the extreme.
Yet Doctor Cook had his intelli-
gent supporters through the worst
OF the strife. His story was printed
and an army of readers found it
plausible in most of its particulars.
Among those who never were salts
fed with the argument put forward
by Commander Peary was Frank w.
Stokes, the distinguished polar
painter who had been with them
when the rivals we're together in the
frozen zone.
But 1t was impossible to be unre-
Evening star., 1940-08-07
Member of the Associated press
A FIimsy Argument

Appearing as spokesman for Gov
ernor Price, Marion S. Battle, Vir-
ginia director of motor vehicles,
yesterday urged special subcom-
mittee of the House District Com
. mittee to increase the Districts gas
tax from two to four cents. The
proposed increase, as Mr.. Battle
acknowledged, is neither desired nor
needed by the District and, as far
as his argument was concerned, it
would benefit only the State of Vir-
ginia and nearby Virginia retail
gasoline dealers. That, on its face,
is f1imsy and inequitable argument.
In effect, it narrows down to this:
Mr.. Battle, IN official of State
represented in Congress, is asking
that legislative body to impose an
unnecessary and unwanted tax on
the unrepresented people of the
District for no other purpose than
to enhance the financial position of
the State of Virginia and the oil
interests. That is proposition so
obviously unfair that it hardly
merits serious consideration.
There Is another aspect of this
matter concerning which Mr.. Battle
made no comment. In Virginia, the
gasoline tax is five cents per gallon;
In North Carolina the tax is six
cents. If, as Mr.. Battle said, inter-
state trucks and buses fill up with
gas in the District so they will not
have to pay the higher tax in Vir-
ginia, it follows as matter of logic
that some of these carriers do the
same thing as they are leaving Vir-
ginia to enter North Carolina. Under
those circumstances, it may be Won
dered how the State of Virginia
would react to a request from North
Carolina that the Virginia tax be
raised to six cents.
A somewhat similar situation pre-
walls in the case of Maryland, where
the tax is four cents per gallon.
Logically, Mr. Battle should be seek
Ing complete equality between the
District and Virginia taxes. If the
Virginia tax stays at five cents, and
the tax in the District should be
fixed at four cents, it is a fair
assumption that the interstate car
riers would continue to fill up their
tanks In Washington before entering
Virginia. Therefore, it would seem,
Mr.. Battle should have asked for a
five cent tax here. But If he had
made such a request, and if it had
been granted, the carriers might
then have purchased their gas In
Maryland to save the cent-a-gallon
difference and that would have pre-
sented an embarrassing situation.
Mr.. Battle, if he should still desire
relief, then would have no alternative
but to ask Maryland to increase its
tax, and that is an entirely different
matter from asking Congress to in
crease the voteless Districts tax.
The suggestion from this Virginia
offlcial as to how the District can
spend the surplus funds raised by
a 100 per cent gas tax boost is a
remarkable example of effrontery
and bad taste.
Evening star., 1940-08-07
Hitler's Defeat Necessary
To Preserve Democracy.
To the Editor OF The Star:

TO the Editor OF The Star:
As to Col. Lindbergh's statement that
people are beginning to realize that the
problems of Europe cannot be solved by
the interference of America and that the
future may make us have to deal with a
Europe dominated by Germany" would
like to make the following comment:
The European problems can only be
solved by the great charter of the liber-
ties Of England. the Magma Charta,
which remains foundation stone of our
democracy.
One necessary preliminary is the de-
feat Of totalitarian imperialism.
Federalism was first discovered and
successfully applied in the United States.
1t has since been copied and applied in
Canada and Australia.
More than 800 years ago st. Augustine
said, Danish justice and what are en-
pires but brigandage on large scale?"
The state is not enough. Above the
state are higher laws by which both
states and individuals are judged.
This is our creed in the United States
and in the British Empire; but it is not
Hitler's. .s.
A true federation of states is neces-
sarily the result Of voluntary agreement
and not Of compulsion.
This is also our creed, but it is not
Hitlers.
Our task as well as that of the British
Empire is to check the advance of to-
talitarian imperialism Of all kinds.
Gen. Pershing ably warned us "The
time has come when we must rise up as
. united people to make secure our
country's independence and our great
inheritance of constitutional liberty"
Alexandria, Va. r. j. KLYN.
August 5. -
Evening star., 1940-08-07

The flowers have faint cloverlike
scent, but 1t is not the honey" SO called,
which attracts the ruby-throats.
1t is the insect population of the tree
which draws the ruby-throats.
These insects are tiny, so very small
that they will be overlooked as you hold
. flower or bit of leaf in the hand.
1t is only when the filamentous flower
and leaf are placed upon a sheet of
paper, that the tiny insects will be
seen to crawl away.
These are what the hummingbirds are
after. 1t is fashionable with young
ladies to talk of the hummingbirds as If
they ate nothing more substantial than
nectar.
The fact is that any papa or mamma
hummingbird likes nothing better than
a good meal of insects. Nor is the
average hummingbird dainty creature,
in any other way than appearance 1t
can fight as well as any bird, much bet
ter than most, and is not chary about
attacking larger birds which dare to
come to its nest.
The hummingbird nest is exceedingly
small. The hummingbird babies are so
tiny that they are difficult to see at first.
These nests are seldom found, owing
to their smallness and camoufiage. The
nest is about the size of an inch English
walnut, made up of lichens and moss,
and bound together with spiderweb. 1t
is attached to crotch of the tree, and
goes anywhere from IL to 80 feet high.
The young are fed on emi-digested
insects. No doubt a great many of the
birds In the Albizzia tree were seeking
this food for their youngsters, and prob
ably the tree itself contained many nests.
The babies are fed in peculiar way.
The insects are regurgitated by the
parent, after being half digested, and
are forced or pumped through the par
ents bill down the throat of the baby.
This Is natures way of furnishing pre-
digested food to the little ones. From
the human viewpoint. it is not a very
mice" method, but the creatures know
nothing about that
3llC HlOlALld VI &C dllQ lIo I'd VI 81
mingbirds made sight, indeed.
Most home gardeners will have to be
content with pair. but these will be
sufficient for all practical purposes of
home enjoyment.
Bergamot, petunias, gladioluses. trump
ct vine. and cardinal vine
These are some of the plants in av-
erage gardens which may be depended
upon to draw these fragile-appearing
birds which nevertheless have been
known to attack hawks
Even an apartment window can have
the ruby-throated hummingbird by
planting petunias in window box.
Red or pink flowers, and peculiarly
those with bell-shaped or trumpet flow
ers, aye the favorites Fortunately for
deep city dwellers. the hummingbirds
are not at all afraid to come into the
city.
Evening star., 1940-08-07
Hatch Act PROPOSAL
Attorney General Jackson's Wig

Attorney General Jackson's vigor-
GUS advocacy of prompt amendment
of the Hatch Act to close newly
apparent gaps that would initiate
against effective enforcement will be
commended warmly by all those who
want to see this legislation succeed
in its purpose of curbing improper
political activity by Government
employees.
The need for further tightening
the law appears to have been i'm
pressed on the Attorney General by
an opinion OF counsel for the Repub-
lican National Committee that the
five thousand dollar maximum on
individual campaign gifts had only
limited application. While disagree
ing with this Interpretation, Mr..
Jackson comedies that it might be
accepted by the courts because the
law is not entirely clear on this
particular point, and under the cir
cumstances, he feels that Congress
should state definitely it's intent.
In proposing to deal with this sit
uation Mr.. Jackson, in fortnight
language, calls attention to the
necessity also for strengthening that
section of the act which was in
tended to outlaw such fund-raising
devices as the quadrennial "cam-
paign book" which the Democratic
National Committee published in
1895 and which shortly is scheduled
to be reissued. The Attorney General
points out that the new Hatch Act
provides penalties only for those
who buy the books or use them as
advertising mediums, but ignores
"the sellers who Systematically plan
such devices and bring pressure on
buyers to subscribe" Obviously, as
he explains, If prosecution of this
type of violation is to be successful,
those primarily responsible must be
made amenable to the law.
BY this blunt presentation MIR.
Jackson makes it impossible for the
Democratic committee to proceed,
In good faith, with plans for this
years book, for even in the absence
of additional law, the Attorney
General has left no doubt as to his
views on the legality Of the project.
Mr.. Jackson suggests to Senator
Hatch, Democrat, of New Mexico,
author of the act, that as Congress
Is in session, no delay need be
incurred in making the proposed
changes. It is to be hoped that
Congress will follow the Attorney
Generals lead.
Evening star., 1940-08-07
Makes Plea for Less Noise
During Sleeping Hours.

To the Editor OF The Star:
In Sundays Star a dispatch from
Louisville, KY, stated in part: Wee
hour milk deliveries may be a thing of
the past here soon. Dealers will meet
Wednesday to discuss daytime delivery.
Acting Mayor B. Broaddus said milkmen
may be violating a new anti-noise ordi-
nance"
This is a problem which has only one
satisfactory solution and that is by ade-
quate legislation and its enforcement.
1t cannobHbe left to the individual milk
men because they are in a hurry to get
done. For months the writer was awak-
ened regularly at am. by a garbage
truck which had a hole in the mufler
big enough to stick ones fist through,
and the pipe from the mufier had long
since rotted Off Between the garbage
truck, milk trucks and low-nying air.
planes sleep after I'm. is practically out
Of the question.
1t Is unfair, unjust and unnecessary
that few should rob many others of
their sleep. Legislation should be imme-
diately enacted and vigorously enforced.
August S. LIGHTsLEEPER.
Evening star., 1940-08-07
Eqyptiun Offensive

The fighting in Africa, almost in
significant up to this moment, now
becomes an important phase of the
axis war against Great Britain with
the italian invasion of Egypt, per-
haps, indeed, even signalling the
start of the direct German assault
upon the British Isles.
The African campaign has direct
relationship to the broad axis Of
fensive against the British Empire.
1t was always in Africa that Italy's
hope of wrestling spoils from the
empire lay, and it is there that she
is fulfilling her part of the bargain
with Adolf Hitler.
What little fighting has preceded
this offensive-in Kenya, Somaliland
and Egypt itself-has been little
more than shadow boxing, sparring
to gain advantage and to test the
opponents strength. The result has
been slight Italian advance against
some British positions, but nothing
resembling a large-scale victory.
The offensive against Egypt has
its main Importance in relation to
the Suez Canal. AS long al Egypt is
a base for British operations the
Suez Canal will remain in British
hands, and that is anathema to the
Italians, who since December, 1888,
have clamored not only for parts of
the British Empire, but for a share
in the control of the canal.
Up to the present the canal is Sc
curely British controlled. British
forces line its banks. British men
of war guard its approaches. British
officials collect the revenue from the
dwindling traffic through the canal.
After the fall of France even she was
eliminated from any direct control
of the canal.
Italy is now striking for empire.
Whether she gains it will depend
upon such factors as the ability of
the Italians to conduct a successful
desert war and the strength of the
British Near Eastern forces, the
finest of which are concentrated in
Egypt.
If Italy succeeds in reaching the
canal through Egyptsone OF the key
stones OF the British Empire will
have fallen, for the canal is impor-
tant not only as passage between
the Mediterranean and the Indian
Ocean, but because possession Of It