davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-02-01
Court Dissents
Token ofVitaIity
In Hughes View
Chief Justice Speaks
At Exercises Marking
150th Anniversary

Disagreement over constitutional
interpretations today was described
today by Chief Justice Hughes as
"a token of vitality"
The Chief Justice spoke at pro-
gram commemorating the 150th an
niversary of the first meeting of the
Supreme Court after Attorney Gen
eral Jackson had declared law must
be reviewed and rewritten in terms
of current conditions If it is not to
be dead science"
The ceremony was held in the
Supreme Court chamber as the
court met at noon for the daily ses-
sion. 1t was attended by members
of the Senate and House Judiciary
Committees and by joint congress
sional committee which arranged
the celebration. Earlier, this COM
mittee, headed by Representative
Bloom, Democrat, of New York, had
laid wreaths on the grave of Will
liam Howard Taft, in Arlington
Cemetery, as we'll as eight other
members of the court buried in this
vicinity; similar exercises were con-
Quoted at So other graves in various
parts of the country by special COM
mittees.
Difference Not Strange.
Chief Justice Hughes said that
sometimes the court faces questions
of intense public interest, dividing
the opinion of lawyers as well as
laymen."
However serious the division OF
opinion he added, these cases
must be decided 1t should occasion
no surprise that there should be
acute differences of opinion on diff
cult questions of constitutional law
when in every other field of human
achievement, in art, theology, and
even on the highest levels of scien-
tific research, there are expert dis
putants.
"The more weighty the question,
the more serious the debate, the
more likely is the opportunity for
honest and expert disagreement.
This is token of vitality 1t is
fortunate and not regrettable that
the avenues of criticism are open to
all whether they denounce or praise
This is vital part of the democratic
process.
''The essential thing is that the
independence, the fearlessness, the
impartial thought and conscientious
motive of those who decide should
both exist and be recognized"
Function to Maintain Balance.
ut is the unique function of this
court" the Chief Justice declared,
mot to dictate policy, not to pro-
mote or oppose crusades, but to
maintain the balance between
States and Nation through the
maintenance of the rights and
duties of individuals"
The Chief Justice said the Amer
lean people have again and again
evinced the sound instinct which
leads them, regardless of any spe-
cial knowledge of legal matters, to
cherish as their priceless possession
the judicial institutions which safe
guard the reign of law as opposed
to despotic will"
In emphasizing that the law must
meet the needs of the times At.
torney General Jackson said thai
(See SUPREME COURT, Pg. A-19.,
Evening star., 1940-02-01
President Renomes EccIes
In Reserve Board Shuttle
Chester G. Davis
Nominated for
14-Yeur Term

President Roosevelt today sug-
gested to Congress shutting of
the Federal Reserve Board to permit
Mariner S. Eccles to receive a four
year reappointment and Chester G.
Davis to be given full 14-year term.
This maneuver, which would en-
able Mr.. Eccles to continue his pres
ent post of chairman of the board
for limited term rather than the
ordinary 14-year period, was made
possible by the consent resignation
of Mr.. Davis from his present ap-
pointment as board member, thus
leaving four-year unexpired term
available for Mr.. Eccles, with Mr..
Davis subsequent appointment. to
a new 14-year tenure.
At the same time, President
Roosevelt sent to the Senate the
nomination of Claude R. Wickard
of Indiana to become Undersecre-
tary of Agriculture in the place
of M. L. Wilson, resigned, and of
Grosvenor M. Jones of Ohio and
Bruce Berckmans of New Jersey to
be assistant directors of the Bureau
of Foreign and Domestic Com
merce.
Letters Outline Shift.
The purpose and details of the
Eccles and Davis shifts were out
lined in an exchange of letters
dated yesterday between the Presi-
dent and the two principals in
volved.
To Mr.. Eccles, the Chief Executive
wrote as follows:
Since discussing with you my de-
sire to have you continue as chair
man of the Board of Governors of
the Federal Reserve system beyond
February l, 1910, I have concluded
that the preferable way to ac-
complsh this would be for you to
accept a reappointment rather than
serve on a holdover basis. While
the latter procedure may be per-
(See ECCLES, Page AID
Evening star., 1940-02-01
Pittman Warns Against
Yielding 10 Japan
By the Associated Press.

b! the Associated PreSS.
Chairman Pittman of the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee as
serted today that If the United
States yields to the present threats"
of Japanese officials, there will be
no end to its abandonment of the
rights of American citizens in the
Far East.
Senator Pittman obviously was
angered by a statement of a Toxic
spokesman that the granting by
Congress to the President of dis
cretionary power to restrict Ameri-
can exports to Japan would be con-
sidered serious affront."
The statement was made by Yaki-
chiro Suma foreign Office spokes-
man, in commenting on legislation
which Senator Pittman is advo-
eating.
'It is strange, indeed" Senator
Pittman told reporters, that a dele
CATION by Congress to the President
of discretionary power enjoyed by
the executives of practically every
government in the world should be
considered an affront to Japan"
Evening star., 1940-02-01
Jobs Not Open
For 2 Weeks, but
1000 Wait in Line
BY the Associated Press.

NEW YORK, Feb. 1.-"Listen,
lady" the officer pleaded, there's
no jobs today. If you want to wait,
you'll have to stand here two whole
weeks. Your feet'll get sore"
The lady at the head Of a two
block line of more than 1000 men
and women job-seekers eyed him
grimly.
"Ill wait" she said. 1--we been
here since 6 o'clock this morning.
Nobody's going to get my place!"
For hours, a dozen police roved
up and down the line informing the
standees that application blanks for
220 jobs as census takers in Jamaica,
Long Island, would not be ready
until February Is.
But nobody budged. Toward noon,
the line began to lengthen.
Evening star., 1940-02-01
Japan S Armed Units
Seek $671,000,000
Additional for War
Army Chief Accuses Soviet
Of Border Violations;
Warns Watch Continues
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
TOXIC, Feb. 1.-Japan's army
and navy today asked Parliament to
approve new seven-year arms pro-
gram costing about $671 600, 900,
after the war minister had declared
the army sis not relaxing its watch"
along Soviet Russias borders.
The appropriation asked today
for the 'replenishment and reha-
bilitation" of arms, would be in addi-
ton to total of 81 1862 OFT $50. which
already has been approved for this
purpose.
The seven-year period would be-
gin with the 1901 fiscal year.
The appropriation also would be in
addition to the China war and do
mestic military budget" for 1940-41
which total $1,583,478,00O.
Hata Accuses Russia.
The request for the seven-year
fund was made after War Minister
Gen. Shunroku Hata had declared
that Russia had committed scores
of illegal acts" after conclusion of
the truce on the Manchukuo- Outer
Mongolia border.
Gen. Hata and the navy minister,
Admiral Zengo Yoshida, said the
new funds were necessary to push
the China incident" and because
"of the change in the international
situation
Gen. Hata made his charges
against Russia in an address to the
opening session of the Diet, following
the foreign policy report of Hachiro
Arita, foreign minister, who ex-
pressed Japan's hope of putting her
trade relations with the United
States back on treaty basis.
Gen. Hata said illegal Russian
acts had occurred on borders other
than the disputed frontier between
Manchukuo and Outer Mongolia.
Boundary Group Adjourns.
The foreign Office, meanwhile,
issued a brief communique on the
breakdown of Russian-Japanese
negotiations at Harbin, Manchukuo
reporting that the Mixed Boundary
Commission had decided to adjourn
and leave the question of demarca-
ton ito be decided at later date.
A total of 16 meetings had left the
conferees still in disagreement.
British Ambassador Sir Robert
Leslie Craigie was given Japan's
reply to the British note of jan
uary 27 answering the Japanese
protest against seizure of 81 Ger
mans from the japanese liner
Asama Maru.
A foreign Office statement said
both notes would be published when
the British had had time to con-
Evening star., 1940-02-01
B u IL eti n

BUENOS AIRES, Feb. / R.-
German sources said today that
they had learned the German
escort ship Altmark, which ac-
companied the pocket battleship
Admiral Graf Spec, had pene-
trated the British blockade and
reached Germany with 800 Brit
iSh seamen.
Evening star., 1940-02-01
Rubber Workers Strike
For Raise in Mexico
a. the Associated Press.

B. the Associated Press.
MEXICO CITY, Feb. 1.-Work-
ers in every rubber factory in Mex
leo went on strike today demanding
a 30 per cent wage increase.
Fourteen companies were affected,
including aff1liates of at least two
in the United States, Goodrich and
General. The strike was called
after a breakdown of last-minute
negotiations between union leaders
and management representatives un-
der Labor Department supervision.
Evening star., 1940-02-01
International Law
Held No Bar 10 j. ),
Loans 10 Finland
Advisers to Hull
Give information
To Senote Group
BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND
Rigid policy OF the Export
Import Bank has been to loan
money to foreign countries only
a. for non-nlilitary trade purposes.
This policy ,uas obserped In orig
inul $4,000, 900 Finnish loan, and
President Roosevelt has informed
congressional leaders that he
tdpors similar restrictions on neD
Government aid. Meanwhile,
privately financed and unre-
Stricted assistance may be ar
ranged.
Evening star., 1940-02-01
Gordon Graduation
On WMAL

The Gordon Junior High
School graduation exercises will
be repeated for the radio audi.
ence at 4 o'clock over WMAL.
This is another in q series of
junior-hish broadcasts spon-
sored by The Star with the
cooperation Of the National
Broadcastink Co. and the Board
of Education.
Evening star., 1940-02-01

Foreign
Japans Army CHIEF charge illegal
border acts to Soviet. Page Al
Revived drives of Russians repelled,
Finland claims. Page Al
Chamberlain rejects econolnic "dic-
tator" suggestion. Page "A
Chamberlain trying to involve neu-
trails, Nazis charge. Page Al
Nazi rule is in interest Of Poles,
Seyss-Inquart insists. Page A-20
Notionol
Eccles renamed to Federal Reserve
Board for years.. Page Al
Oumansky and Hull silent after
half-hour conference. Page Al
Chief Justice speaks on Supreme
Court anniversary. Page Al
Vandenberg proposes six-member
Foreign Trade Board. Page Al
House farm bloc see defeat in fight
for more funds. Page Al
Senate group seen approving bill
for loan to Finland. Page Al
Furor over alleged attempt to halt
Dies group continues. Page Az
Democrats may withhold decision on
time Of convention. Page A-3
Evening star., 1940-02-01
By CARTER BROOKE JONES.

j. Warren Madden, chairman of
the National Labor Relations Board,
today told the House committee in
vestigating enforcement of the Wag-
ner Act that the boards rulings had
been upheld by the courts in 72 per
cent Of the cases appealed-a better
record than any other Federal
agency has made.
He compared the boards record
with those of the Federal Trade
Commission. which had so per cent
of its decisions approved by the
courts, and the Interstate Commerce
Commission. with so per cent, ac>
cording to figures placed in evidence.
There were 18 cases in which the
jurisdiction of the board under the
interstate commerce clause of the
act were upheld and one in which it
was denied
1.-The record of the decisions of the
Supreme Court" Mr.. Madden said
shows there were IL decisions in
which board orders were enforced
without modification and there were
two in which the board orders were
enforced with modification and there
we're two in which board orders were
denied enforcement"
Claims No Enforcement Authority.
A recent decision of a United
States Circuit Court of Appeals, re-
versing a board decision in the In
land Steel case. called the board
prosecutor, judge and executioner, u
and Mr.. Madden said:
I'VE have no authority to enforce
our orders. We must go into the
Circuit Court for an order enforcing
our rulings"
Il think the court decisions will
show the fairness of our field Off
GERS" Mr.. Madden added.
The boards legal staff has been
subjected to severe criticism during
the hearings. Mr.. Madden said of
it that of $50 persons, all but 36 had
considerable legal experience before
entering the Federal service, and q
of, the SO had some such experience
101 Cases Decided by Courts.
Mr.. Madden was asked How
many cases have been finally de-
cided by the courts?"
The board chairman said 101
Most of them involved the question
whether the board had jurisdiction
under the interstate commerce
clause of the Wagner Act.
I'm how many cases have the
(See LABOR BOARD, Page A-3.)
Evening star., 1940-02-01
King George Is III

LONDON, Feb. l R.-King
George vi is suffering from
slight cold and is confined to his
room, it was announced officially
today.
Evening star., 1940-02-01

AClAV 4Ay ScOA 4AoAAAo AAA etAA AAAAkeAo-
stoned speech in a solemn final
session of the war Diet repeated
today Finland's offer to negotiate
IAN honorable peace" with Rus
sia, but said that Finland would
not bend before "imperialistic
aims"
CHAMBERLAIN REJECTS Laborite
suggestion for inclusion of eco
nomic dictator" in war cabinet.
Page "A
ECONOMIC WARFARE stirs fight
today in British Commons; Labor
demands appointment of new
minister to coordinate efforts.
Page A
GERMANY RULING in interest of
Poles, Seyss-Inquart insists; con-
quered must revise thinking
processes, he holds. Page A-20
By the Associated Press.
HELSINKI, Feb. 1.-Soviet Rus
sia has attempted to revive her fall
tering campaigns in the Salla and
Petsamo sectors above the Arctic
Circle, but her troops were driven
back by the Firms, a headquar-
ters communique said today.
At the other end of Finland, north
of Lake Ladoga, the defense forces
tightened their pincers on a stalled
= I'D disorganized Russian often
sive, the high command announced,
and threw back an attack on an un-
named island in the lake.
The communique, covering yester-
days activities, said Russian losses
were heavy in the attempt to take
the island by crossing over the ice
of the lake.
Elsewhere on the eastern front
the Firms said there was "lively pa
troll activity"
The Russians killed "about a
score of civilians" and wounded 40,
the Firms said, in air raids yester-
day on the market town" Of Ro-
vaniemi.
The Firms reported that they shot
down two Russian planes during the
day.
Defense Lines Declared Holding.
The Finnish command insists that
its forces are holding defense lines
decided upon Immediately after the
Soviet Russian invasion started two
months ago.
The declaration came from Gen.
Hugo Oesterman, commander of the
army under Baron Gustaf Manner
helm, at his headquarters some
where in Finland nd"-accompanied by
reports of a fierce Russian aerial
smash at the nerve center of North
ern Finland's communications and
a Finnish victory over a Siberian
ski battalion.
Twenty-seven Red Army planes,
attacking in waves, were reported
to have bombed Rovaniemi yester-
day, leaving Is dead and go
wounded. Among the casualties, &C.
cording to the Finnish report, were
children and nurses. A hospital
was said to have been shattered by
bombs.
$50 Bombs Dropped.
One hundred and fifty bombs were
reported dropped on Rovaniemi,
railway and highway junction in
the northern 'waistline" part of
Finland, in the two-hour attack.
The killing of 300 Siberian SOL
diers, who had emulated the ski
tactics which the Firms themselves
have found so effective, was told of
in dispatches from Danish war cor
respondents.
The remainder of the 6O0-man
battalion was said to have escaped.
The location of the clash was not
given, but the Red force was iden-
titled as the Sd Siberian Ski Bat
talon.
Heavy fighting was reported still
IN progress northeast of Lake
Ladoga, where Finnish observers
said recapture of the Finnish town
of Pitkaranta permitted encircle-
ment of Russian divisions out to
(Sao ETNT AMI po0o hoN
Evening star., 1940-02-01
1orpedoes and Bombs
Sink More Vessels
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, Feb. 1.-Sinking of
the 4,45O-ton British steamer Ban
crest, formerly called Ambassador,
and the Swedish freighter Sylvia,
1924 tons, as the result of torpedo
and bomb attacks was disclosed to-
day.
The Sylvia was bombed January
27 and the Bancrest was torpedoed.
A French vessel, the 1,782-ton
Honfleuraise, also was attacked, but
reports did not say whether she
was damaged or sunk.
One member of the Bancrest
crew was lost and 80 were saved.
Reuters British news agency
reported in an Oslo dispatch the
sinking of the Norwegian steamer
Fingal I, vessel of AGO tons, off
Scotland following an explosion.
The crew of II was saved, it said.
Evening star., 1940-02-01
Fifteen Killed by Mine.

COPENHAGEN, Feb. l P.-Fif-
teen of the crew of % lost their lives
when the Danish steamer Vidar,
1858 tons, struck a mine in the
North Sea, according to an an
nouncement here today. 1t did not
saw whether the Vidar sank.
Evening star., 1940-02-01
n. |. R. B. Won 726
Of Appealed Cases,
Madden Reports
Says Record Is Better
Than F. T. C.'s 500 and
I.C. C.'s 500
BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND
Assertions of dissension on
National Labor Relations Board
and alleged partiality of field
officers toUard c. I. o. haze been
aired during hearings 1Uhich
special House Committee began
in December. Committee, headed
by Representative Smith OF Vir-
ginia, UaS empowered to inuestt-
gate the Wagner Act and recon-
mend any necessary amendments.
Evening star., 1940-02-01

(See TOXIC, Page A-4)
Evening star., 1940-02-01
Summary Of Todoy's Star

Conference Of political liberals idea
is revived. Page A-3
Efforts to curb power of U. M. w.
officers fail. Page A-12
Washington and Nearby.
House hearings on D. c. institutions
planned Saturday. Page Al
Welfare and Recreation unit gets
$107,700 tax refund. Page A-13
Aged benefit payments begin for
Capital residents. Page B-1
Five persons rescued in two-alarm
rooming house fire. Page B-l
Bondy makes plans for sale of scent
milk to needy. Page B-1
Evening star., 1940-02-01
New Red Drives
Beaten Back,
Films Claim
SuIIu and Petsumo
Sectors Named;
Pincers frightened
BULLETIN.

HELSINKI, Feb. l (P.-Presi-
dent Kyosti Kallio in an impas-
stoned speech in a solemn final
session of the war Diet repeated
today Finland's offer to negotiate
IAN honorable peace" with Rus
sia, but said that Finland would
not bend before "imperialistic
aims"
Evening star., 1940-02-01

See FINLAND, Page ABB
Evening star., 1940-02-01

(See LABOR BOARD, Page A-3)
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-06-25
TUESDAY, JUNE rs, 1910
A Thought for Today
G. O.P. Convention On High

Whatever developes and whoever
emerges from the profusion OF candi-
dates and welter OF campaign oratory,
chages, counter-charges and promises at
the Republican National Convention
now in session at Philadelphia there rests
no doubt in the minds of everyone
that this is the greatest battle the
grand old party has staged in many a
year. In other words it Is free-for-all
fight, anybody's choice, so to speak,
more on the lines Of those good old-fash-
Toned Democratic conventions Of yore
rather than the usual cut-and-dried Re-
publican cnventions we have been &C
customed to of late. Such condition
augurs we'll for the continuance Of heal
thy two-party system in this country.
And that's not to be overlooked in these
days of totalitarianism, autocracy and
relationships.
Out of the birth OF candidates and near
candidates aspiring for the presidential
nomination at the convention at this
writing energies as the most formidable
Wendell E. Willkie, former one-time New
Deal proponent; outstanding utility ty-
coon at present most pretentious con-
tender for the nomination. In Willkie,
whose boom was Of more or less spon-
taneous nature, the rank and file Of Re-
publican delegates are beginning to
evisualize him as the only candidate who
II and when the occasion arise can cross
bats with president Roosevelt or any
other New Deal choice at the Democratic
convention in Chicago next month.
Wendell Willkie apparently has just
the spark lacking in most Of the other
Republican candidates to touch off the
stampede to his band-wagon. He Is
hard-hitting, spontaneous adversary In
any emergency, one that apparently has
caught the fancy Of the rank-and-file of
the public the Republican electorate in
general. Our own state headed by gov
ernor Baldwin has been one OF the first
to recognize the Willkie asset in the COM
ing campaign and openly went on record
for him. Other states are beginning to
lean more and more that way, so that by
the time ballotting starts 1t would not be
surprising If 1t were not Willkie by &C.
clamation or at least after very few bal
lots. What Willkie holds In store for the
future is hard to contemplate right now,
but in any event should he be successful
in securing the nomintion he will be no
white elephant, but in there fighting I'M
til the last vote Is counted.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-06-25

any stand which conflicts with the Com
fntinist party line. :"
So Berle resigned. He has laid down
fair test. Many people Of liberal and
progressive mind have joined organiza-
lions which professed certain detectives
with which they were In sympathy. The
organizations were for peace" or de
mocracy" or "civil liberties" or what not,
all perfectly laudable detectives.
Then, In one test after another, these
members found the organizations COM
mitted time after time to courses which
happened to coincide exactly with the
Communist party program In short, the
Communists followed the democratic
line" as long as it attracted liberal men,
bers, but never when 1t conficted with
Moscow's direction.
When liberal members Of such groups
become convinced, as Berle did, that the
organization Is such that 1t will never
take stand contrary to Moscow dictates,
then the thing to do Is to get out, as Berle
did. For when that Is the case, 1t matters
little whether direct Communist control
can be automatically shown. The Or
ganization's possible usefulness to de-
rnocracy and to the American republic
has ended
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-06-25

Laurel queens and rose queens are run
ming neck and neck these final June days.
Connecticut features two big laurel shows
in June. One Is the rose celebration at
Elizabeth Park, Hartford, the other Is the
laurel festival In Winchester. The laurel
grows in Its natural habitat In Connecti-
cut, especially In the Winchester. Win
sted, Barkhamsted Norfolk, Riverton
(shall we 60 on?) section. But you can
also see 1t In almost any corner Of the
state, and as a decorative shrub 1t has
been transplanted to our parks, Pathways
and to private grounds, so that now you
see laurel growing almost anywhere. The
Chase Parkway display was worth seeing
this year and something for strangers, ar
irving by the western gate, to admire. The
rose display Is a more studied landscaping.
But nowhere In the east that we know OF
Is there finer display Of roses OF all kinds.
The climbing ones, Of course, make the
best effect at distance. After you finish
with the laurel and the roses we recon-
mend the common daisy In the fields to
your notice. They are nodding In the sun
and the rain right now.