davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-03-24

CVCAy ~ AAVSA Woo AAlo OWA1 ~ CoSI4Ad1A.
But as time went on, and the pub
fishing business grew in volume and
Importance, while the methods Of
production changed. the industry
was necessarily divided into differ
ent branches. The setting of type
and the operating of the printing
press became distinct trades, op-
Grated finally, by different set Of
skilled craftsmen, thriving under
separate labor bodies, which today,
in Washington. include Columbia
Typographical Union No. 101 and
the Printing Pressmen's Union No. /.
There is still another important
pressmen's union in this city work.
ing at a different branch of the
trade.
Not long since, when our local
Typographical Union was preparing
for its 125th anniversary celebration,
the writer told in these columns of
the fine background of that organi-
cation, and today he plans to tell
something Of the Printing Press
mems Union No. /, which was Or
ganized here so years ago, and which
will celebrate the occasion with a
banquet and dance at the Willard
Hotel on Saturday evening, March
80, at o'clock.
Though this Is stated to be only
the 50th anniversary of Pressmen's
Union No. l, the Pressmens Union
Evening star., 1940-03-24

vention, Charles M. Robinson, a
preSsman delegate representing Co.
lumbia Typographical Union No.
101 of Washington, D. c.. presented
a petition, signed by As pressmen,
which comprised nearly every jour-
neyman pressman of this city at
the time. After considerable discus
sion, the resolution was adopted and
q separate charter was granted to
pressmen of Washington to form
Pressmen's Union N. /. Detroit
Chicago. Philadelphia, New York
and others followed with separate
charters, and in 1889, a conference
was held in New York for the puf-
pose of withdrawing from the I. T.
U. and forming an independent in
ternational printing pressmen's
union, which was carried by a ma
jority vote. Thus the pressmen's
unions broke away from the I. T. U.
and set up their own international
union. Alton B. Carly, Washington
pressman delegate to the conference,
read circular urging every member
Of the union to combine under the
International Printing Pressmen's
Union charter and took q leading
part in the deliberations, for which
he deserves great deal of credit.
Thus came into existence so years
ago, under new charter and new
organization all its own, Printing
Pressmens Union No. l, the charter
being signed by E. j. Duff, r. c.
McAuley, w. j. Dunno, r. A. Porter,
Alton B. Carly, James E. Hardy,
Theodore Refer, S. T. Brown, w. H.
Weber, John R. Robb, A. E. Sardo,
jr.; E. L. Winnie, John F. Hutchin-
son, A. w. Graham, John Burnside,
M. A. Louis, w. S. Scott, Frank
Fraser, F.. A. Carpenter, w. o. Eng
Ter, G. E. Mecham, P. S. Sprightley,
James L. Ward, Arthur McCafferty,
Michael Hunt, E. A. Baulsir, John F.
Wright, T. j. Parker, c. E. Beach
and William E. Lansdale.
Franklin's Skill
From the time of the first intro
duction of printing in the American
Colonies, and for number of years
afterward, there we're few printers
who could not make their own ink,
cast their own rollers and do their
own presswork, as well as set their
wntype. Indeed, Benjamin Franklin,
who entered his brothers printing
Office In Boston in 1717, when he was
IL years Of age, was as proficient
a pressman as he was q typesetter.
Because Of this Franklin could all
ways find employment when others.
with limited qualifications were un-.
able to do so. When he left Boston
and went to Philadelphia to work in
Keimer's printing Office. he found
that the equipment there consisted
of an old, damaged press and a small
font Of wornout English letters, with
which his employer was at work on
an elegy upon Aquilla Rose.
Subsequently, when Franklin went
to London, he worked for about a
year at Palmer's, at that time noted
printer in Bartholomew Close. and
from here he went with the printing
house Of Watts, near Lincolns- inn
fields, where he worked at first as
pressman.
OF course, we do not have to go
as far back at Benjamin Franklin's
day to find printers who were capa-
bic pressmen on ordinary presses,
and pressmen who were skilled as
printers. No doubt there are many
such today, especially in the smaller
towns, where doubling-up is still
common and antiquated presses are
still in use, but it does take thor
oughly experienced, competent and
up-to-date workman to operate sue
Evening star., 1940-03-24
POLITICS RUNS IN LEE FAMILY
Son of The Major Begins Public Service in Montgomery County
While Showing Hope of Mastering Law

the late Albert c. Ritchie. He was
q when he began the long political
career during which he later served
as Secretary of State, Speaker of the
Maryland House of Delegates and
member Of the State Roads Commis-
sion.
Takes All Grades.
But Young Blair was not to skip
the lower rungs Of the political lad
der. While he was a sophomore at
Princeton, the State organization
of Gov. Ritchie was beginning to
crack. It went down to defeat before
Harry w. Nice in 1884 and the first
Republican Governor in 20 years oc-
cupied the executive mansion at An
napolis. On the Montgomery County
front, a coalition of Republicans and
dissident Democrats won control of
the county board. After his gradua-
ton in June, 1888, he returned home
to join In preparation for the
primary and general elections that
fall. He began as precinct worker
ringing doorbells.
A Democratic victory in both
primary and general elections Of
fered him his first political oppor-
tunity on the very lowest rung of the
political ladder, the post of clerk to
the county commissioner for the
eastern suburban district Of Mont
gomery County, which roughly
borders the District line from Rock
Creek to the Prince Georges County
line, and extends northward almost
to Olney and Ashton. Across his
desk come complaints of almost
every conceivable variety, from the
condition of the public thorough
fares to the need for a new street
light at x and Y streets. Over his
telephone are heard demands for
immediate action to remove a dead
cat from in front of the home of
Mrs. Smith at 1916 z avenue, or to
send q snow plow to enable Mr..
Jones to get out of his garage. In
his spare moments, there are bills to
check, pay rolls to make up, ap-
pointments to schedule, and the ever
present struggle to keep expenses
within the budgetary allowance.
Complicated Job.
II never knew running one small
county Of one small State could b
Evening star., 1940-03-24

largely in the majority, because
they were lighter, cheaper and
quicker. Until the ink fountain
came into use both presses had to
be linked by hand. At first the Uni
versal was the best of the machines
In some respects, one reason being
that it had vibrator that distrib-
uted the ink to a better advantage
and it also had a "trip" that pre-
vented the backing of the tympan
when the sheet missed the guides
or there was no sheet in the press.
But the improved Gordons were
later equipped with similar devices
that many believed made them the
equals Of their chief competitor In
the small press field.
No doubt there are still some of
these small presses in Washington,
still being kicked by leg power-not
so nice a job, when one must keep
it up all day.
But to return to the Printing
Pressmen's Union. Probably this
organization has been of great bene-
fit to the community, which is al
ways the case where a union is
sensibly conducted. The high cali
Der OF its officers and members has,
as the union puts it, "fostered
friendly and cooperative relations
with employers" and has always
been in the vanguard Of progress"
The present officers of Printing
Pressmen's Union No. are as fol-
lows: Louis A. Lopez, president;
Carl H. Klein, vice president; Harry
L. Stroh, recording secretary; Harry
c. Webb, financial secretary; Frank
M. Gritton, treasurer; Walter E.
Thomas, sergeant at arms. Execu-
tive Board: William Zimmerman,
Ellis Mayo and John j. Long.
Evening star., 1940-03-24
By Ben II. Pearse.

The son of a former speaker of
the Maryland House of Delegates,
and the grandson Of United States
Senator is unoptrusively embarking
on the ver-turbulent political wat
ers of his native Montgomery
County.
Not all the Blairs, nor all the Lees
have entered politics, but the family
Of Blair Lee. Sd, can trace its an
cestry on the political side back
through several righ-ranking Gov
eminent officials to Francis Preston
Blair, close friend and political ally
of Andrew Jackson and a member
of his famed Kitchen cabinet" Its
immediate and living branches are
his father, E. Brooke Lee, more COM
monty known as "The Major" and
his grandfather, former Senator
Blair Lee, staunch supporter Of
Woodrow Wilson and first Senator in
the country to be elected by popular
vote. The only son of Rear Admiral
Samuel F. Lee, Virginia Demo-
crat who served In the Union Navy
during the Civil War, and Eliza
beth Blair Lee, daughter Of Francis
Preston Blair, Senator Lee is now
03 and retired from active politics,
but his snow-white hair and sage
political counsel have won him
among the circle of his intimate
friends the respectful title of "The
Old Gentleman"
A comparison Of the careers Of
Young Blair with those of the Maj.
and former Senator Lee is study in
contrast. Senator Lee started out
as State Senator, serving Mont
gomery County in the Maryland As
sembly for seven years in that ca
pacity before he was elected to the
United States Senate in 1912 to fill
an unexpired term. He was defeated
for the Democratic nomination in
1916 by David j. Lewis, who in turn
lost to Joseph I. France, Republican,
IN the general election. The Lee
political fortunes seemed to eclipse
until the 29th Division returned from
France in June, 1919, and Maj. Lee
read in the newspaper as his 115th
Infantry disembarked at Norfolk,
tlaat he had been nominated for
State controller on the ticket with
Evening star., 1940-03-24
NEW BULB INDUSTRY IS ASSURED
Government Experiments With Easter Lilies Indicate This Country
Will Take Rich Market Now Served by Orient

larger white blossom, but every pur-
chaser will be aware of q more
sturdy plant.
No Effect on Price.
The new developments will not
noticeably affect the price, either.
These flowers are expensive, not
valued in cents, but almost In dol
lars apiece. Approximately a month
ago they were practically unavail-
able and those that could be had
were priced at So or 50 per dozen
Spikes" This does not mean q
dozen stalks, but a dozen fragrant
blooms. which flower specialists
term Spikes" Florists purchase
bulbs at $12 to $40 for a case Of
200 to 400, depending on size.
In shipping the product from
Japan great stacks of bulbs are piled
high, sometimes out Of doors. When
they are finally placed on a ship,
with very little care, they spend
from one to three months crossing
the ocean. If they arrive at an
inopportune time for planting they
must be stored and, though all bulbs
must have q resting period, this
excessively long wait makes them
deteriorate. In addition, the i'm
ported bulbs, handled roughly, &C
quire diseases which the domestic
product does not have.
In spite Of the vastly improved
lily bulbs, home owners with small
gardens cannot expect to raise
Easter lilies for themselves. There
are many pitfalls in producing them.
Because Of their tenderness they
must be handled by experts. It is Q
highly specialized crop that cannot
be taken over by amateurs. Even
when the bulbs have been properly
developed by growers 1t falls to the
lot Of florists to raise them in pots
or "benches," the long shelves In q
florists greenhouse.
So far the results Of the Agricul-
ture Department experiments have
been satisfactory. They have proved
that the domestic bulbs are su-
perior to the imported ones. They
can be handled much more rapidly
and are much healthier than the
others, which can't be made to
bloom until spring.
This year you may have bought
Easter lilies grown from Japanese
bulbs, but In year or two you can
be pretty sure your purchase = .
completely American product.
Evening star., 1940-03-24

so complicated" mused young Blair
as he covered q scratch pad with
figures in an attempt to devise ways
and means Of paying q $1,000 street
lighting bill with a $3.50 budget al
lowance. The telephone rang. He
listened attentively and noted an
address on his pad.
Pardon me-" he explained, hang
ing up the receiver, while I notify
our lateral roads department to
contact road crew No. 2. The most
important thing in the world right
now is to I'LL chug hole in front
of the Brown residence on So-and-
So drive. Junior Brown just stun
bled into 1t and skinned his knee
and Senior Brown might break q
spring on the car when he comes
home tonight unless we do"
The gentle art of dealing with
the public is one of the important
parts Of his political education and
one to which he is devoting as much
energy as he does to his law studies.
Not SO long ago he had decided to
practice law and forget politics,
which he had heard morning, noon
and night from the time he was old
enough to understand that q party
could mean something besides q
gathering featuring birthday cake.
But the combination Of heredity
and environment was too much. He
still wants to be . lawyer, but he
intends to try his hand at politics,
too.
"It's in the blood, guess. The
voters are the ones who dispose,
of course, but some day I hope to
get chance to do little proposing.
Meanwhile better start function
ing as head Office boy here and
earn little support from the Brown
family by getting that chug hole
fixed before Junior is old enough
to VOTE"
Quiet and unassuming, he is one
OF the younger political generation
struggling for recognition in party
councils, Republican and Demo-
cratic. But to Young Blair, as with
many members of the Lee family
before him, politics has q fascina-
ton that cannot be denied, even
though 1t means starting on the
lowest rung Of the ladder.
Evening star., 1940-03-24

The names Of those employed in
this department Of the Government
Printing office, SO years ago were: o.
H. Reed, assistant foreman in
charge; A. j. Donaldson, assistant;
pressmen, apprentices, laborers,
ETC.: Morris Barrett, James w. Bede,
William Bell, w. T. Benjamin,
Thomas D. Bennett, F. P. Blair,
Charles D. Bradley, Jefferson Brown,
S. T. Brown, John Burnside, John
Bush, William S. Cameron, w. H.
Carr, L. A. Cassard, John F. Clark
son, Benjamin Coakley, George w.
Cole, Ira E. Cole, R. T. Cross, John
A.. Cushley, D. H. Denham, Frank
Dial, William Donaldson, Samuel
Dorsey, John N. Dorster, Michael
Dougherty. Alexander Douglas, Ed
ward Duff, w. G. Dunno, N. T. Ellis
worth, George T. Erdman, Henry
Evans, William harrington, T. H.
Evening star., 1940-03-24

as possible, it will still be several
years before the scientists expect to
be satisfied with their results.
The flower bulb itself is a round
affair, composed Of layers of what
florists call Scales" When you
peel of one layer Of these, there are
still more beneath, Speed-up of the
experiments is made possible by
removing scales from the bulbs and
planting them in greenhouse flats.
In a months time, from one to six
small bulblets are formed at the
base Of each scale and these are
then potted and grown to maturity
in the greenhouses.
Warmth Needed.
A warm climate is necessary for
the development Of these valuable
bulbs, and especially the ones de-
sired for earlier blooms. Louisiana
is particularly favorable and lily
bulbs have been grown there almost
since the beginning of our Nation.
Even Florida is not too safe for
these delicate spheres, since the
entire crop of that State was this
year frozen out by the cold weather.
For later flowers, however, the ini-
tial growth can be carried on in the
South Atlantic States as far north
as North Carolina, and also in
Washington and Oregon.
When the early bulbs are grown
In Louisiana they can be dug the
first part Of July, stored for five
weeks at so degrees F. and planted
IN greenhouses in the middle of
August. BY such treatment blooms
can be expected for Thanksgiving
and successfully later paintings will
produce flowers for as long as they
are desired.
In developing the new bulbs SCI
entists have judged them according
to the sturdiness of the flowers and
their ability to bloom early, stand
cold storage and ship well. The
shipping of the flowers is important,
for the plants are often sent long
distances. For example, florists in
Virginia and Maryland will send
their plants into the District of Co.
lumbia and Pennsylvania florists
Will export much Of their crop to
the New York market.
The appearance of the lovely,
'bottle-raised" lily will not be
greatly different to the eye of the
layman. Perhaps only the florists
and connoisse,1rs win appreciate the
Evening star., 1940-03-24
By Elizabeth Cabifaine.
(Pictures in Rotogrduure. Section J

Easter lily experiments at the De-
partment Of Agriculture's Bureau Of
Plant Industry, at Beltsville, Nd,
apparently have assured the estab-
Nshment Of q new bulb industry in
the United States.
Besides the development Of all
around better plants, the investiga-
tions will divert to this country most
of the $4,000, 900 worth of business
given to Japan every year by Ameri-
can florists.
For the more fashionable hostesses
who buy the plants for decoration
either in pots or as cut flowers for
shallow containers, and for other lily
purchasers, the fragrant waxy flow
ers that have been developed are
much larger and more sturdy and
they will appear great deal earlier
than usual.
Initial experiments were made at
the Bureau Of Plant Industry five
years ago. The work revolved
around the problems of the best
time for digging, proper storage
methods and cultural practices in
general. This activity came as a
result Of the highly speculative bus-
ness Of forcing bulbs for fall blooms,
which, because Of tremendous OBJ
stacles, many greenhousemen had
given up. At the same time, bulb
breeding was started. Each year
the scientists carefully crossed the
bulbs, selecting the strongest and
most desirable for further investiga-
ton.
Domestic Business.
A backyard" lily bulb business
has been carried on for years by
farmers in Southern Louisiana, Flor
ida and Oregon, but 1t was believed
these were inferior to the imported
variety. The experimenters took the
Louisiana bulb, known as the
Creole" variety and crossed it with
other bulbs from the picturesque
island Of Bermuda, some from
Oregon and those from Japan. In
spite of the reputation Holland en-
joys for bulbs, lily bulbs are not i'm
ported from that country.
One hundred superior types have
been selected from the experiments
for further observation and though
they are being increased - rapidly
Evening star., 1940-03-24

cessfully one of the large presses now
in use. And naturally these are all
union men.
Marvellous Gains,
The improvement in printing
presses and printing facilities gen.
orally in the last century has been
marvellous, and even in the last so
years the progress made in the print
ing industry is almost inconceivable.
Taking ourselves, for example,
there is as much difference between
The Star of more than 81 years ago
and that of today as there was be-
tween the Lincoln Of boyhood days
and Lincoln the President. Imagine
Evening star., 1940-03-24

has locally been more or less
separate body for 81 years. But
complete separation came about as
the result of the development of
improved printing presses, which
resulted in the demand for a greater
degree of pressroom legislation and
for separate charters for each local
pressmen's union.
Action in Convention.
The initiative in this latter re-
spect was first made in the form of
q resolution presented by John
Cushley, Baltimore pressman, who
attended the I. T. U. convention in
1872, at Richmond, Va, where action
on the resolution was held over for
one year. The following year, 1873,
the I. T. U. convened in Toronto,
Canada, for its annual session,
where pressmen again, with renewed
vigor, petitioned for separate char
ters and were successful. The grant,
ing of separate charters gave the
pressmen's unions their autonomy,
but they were still under the juris-
diction of the parent body, the In
ternational Typographical Union.
Following the action of this con-
Evening star., 1940-03-24

- W. W ~ A%C~sfsS SSSSSs
The Star, If you will, starting in a
primitive and modest building at
Eighth and D streets NV. True, it
was one of the busiest corners in the
city at that time. But that is not
saying, much!
Little room," we are told, was
needed in which to get out the five
column folio that greeted the people
of the city every afternoon" for
crowded into cramped quarters
were the business Office, editorial and
composing rooms and the press
room.
For several months, in 1853, The
Star had its real home on Sixth
street between Pennsylvania and
Missouri avenues, about the site of
the National Gallery Of Art. But 1t
had no press or pressman of its own,
the papers being printed a few doors
Evening star., 1940-03-24
Officers and Members of
Group Have Fostered
Friendly Relations

vertised that he had four steam
presses of the Hoe, Adams, Univer-
sal and Ruggles patterns and two
hand presses, and j. S. Tomlinson
worked three presses which he did
not describe.
The small presses, which were
Evening star., 1940-03-24
ressnens Union of Washington Celebrate Half
Separation After Long
Affiliati0n With Craft
OfTypesetters Recalled
Days of Printing in Early
History of Country Far
Different From Present
By John Claeeff Proctor.

There branches industry which we look
forward live for
indeed greater degree any industry on
earth They doubt rightfuy combined under
the phrase Art of all which printer
the pressman and the work they Jointly produce
Originally and for pck and click
Evening star., 1940-03-24

Members OF the Printing Pressman's Union 1885,
Bottom left to right EdOard Shine Patrick Sprghy
Ao.oard Gilbert Edward Bauer Dauid Moran Oluer Reed
William Weber, Harry Chrsty Eniel Petersen ro1D,
John Callahan Charles Ptggot Otto ge Charles Moran
James Scott Maurice Loutord Joe Birmingham Harry Leis
Evening star., 1940-03-24

Opens Third John Robb Edard Christ John Moran
Thomas McKee, Frank White Ray Proudley Harry Botele
Albert Sardo dr John Kelly Top Frank Willis Burnes
Charles Richardson, Davd Parker James Karnes Finley
Hayes Norman Sprague George McKee, Charles Hurpe
McCouch, William Scott James Sheridan, William Dunn.
Evening star., 1940-03-24
Harris G. E,Ding Photo.

usually operated by treadle, or
kicked" as the boys used to say,
were generally of the Gordon or
Universal make, the former being
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1940-10-11
Glven Birthday Dinner

Mr. and Mrs Charles Burget gave
a birthday dinner Sunday in honor
OF their son. Allen Burget. Ypsi-
lanti. The birthday cake was baked
by Orlo Burget and In the after
noon, Allen Burget, Elsie Kreager.
Mr. and Mrs. Charles Burget. Edith
and Orlo Burget all went to Monroe
to see Mrs. Leonard Schassberger
who has been confined to her bed
by illness. They found her able to
sit up.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1940-10-11
OakViIIe
MRS. 5RA5ANT TO HEAD
OAkVIllE METHODIST SOCIET


Oakville. Mich. Oct. ll-Wom-
ans Day was observed at the Oak
vile NJ f. Church Wednesday az.
ternoon when the Woman's Society
OF Christian Service was organized.
Officers elected were: president.
Mrs. Journey Brabant: vice presi-
dent. Mrs Gilbert Darling: secre-
tary, Miss Edith Garlick; treasurer.
Mrs. Robert Garlick: secretary OF
missionary education. Miss Eta
Essex: secretary OF service and To-
cal church relations, Mrs. Thurlow
Heath membership committee,
Mrs. William Brabant: and fellow
ship committee, Miss Florence
Heath. The alternate delegate for
the national convention at Pontiac
on October was Miss Florence
Heath
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1940-10-11
Classified Advertising

PRESS, YPslLANTI MICHIGAN
Daily olows
lie days
be paid FOR De-
~
No lines words 10
for upon
WIN responsible Insertion
Call 40. ask
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1940-10-11
PIeaaantlv SurnrIaed

Gilbert Darling was pleasantly
surprised Friday evening when a
group Of friends came to help him
celebrate his birthday. Games were
played and refreshments were
served. The guests included Mr.. and
Mrs. Leon Vedder and Mr.. and Mrs.
Leonard Garlick. Milan. Mr.. and
Mrs. George Blair. Whitaker Rd.,
Mr.. and Mrs. Jack Downing, Nor
man Rice, Florence Heath, Edith
Garlick and Mrs. Lawrence Lulow.