davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-02-11
By WaIfer C.. L0,cdermilk.

pharmacists, six journalists, eight profess
sional musicians, including the director
Of a well known Czecho- -Slovakian SYM
phony orchestra, and grand opera star;
80 doctors and surgeons, including six
women; several trained nurses, two staff
officers and 60 officers of the former
National Czech Army, besides about 200
regular soldiers. Among the Jews were
also 40 prosecuted German Christians,
whose views confiicted with Nad policy.
Many were people of culture who spoke
three or four languages. They told us in
English of their prosecutions and es-
capes; Of their II weeks of privation and
congestion in the humid summer heat
in the frightfully overcrowded cargo
holds. Moreover. the filthy ship was in
tested with rats. The insanitary condi-
tions were horrible, and starvation ra-
tions had afnicted all with scurvy. This
was only one of an unknown number of
such ships.
The large-scale Jewish colonization
agency in Palestine welcomes these new
tens Of thousands OF refugees and helps
them to find in Palestine the physical
and spiritual freedom which Nazi policy
stripped from them in Europe. The
trained minds and physical energies of
refugees turn eagerly to the tasks of
establishing national home for them
selves and their descendants.
The Jews have spent about three
quarters of billion dollars in this small
country since 1917. More than $4,000
600 has been donated by Jews all over
the world for the purchase Of land alone.
OF the $4,000 acres of land owned by
Jews in Palestine. the Jewish National
Fund has purchased more than l2O 1000
acres, which will be held in perpetuity
by the Jewish people. These lands are
rented to colonists on 4s-year lease
for yearly ground rent Of per cent.
Reminder Of Solidarity.
The redemption Of old lands and the
rehabilitation of prosecuted peoples have
been made possible by funds donated In
all corners Of the earth to redeem
Israel" In about 100000 homes and
places Of business throughout the world,
the blue box" Of the Jewish National
Fund Is . reminder Of Jewish solidarity
and determination for the redemption
Of the land Of their prophets and FORE
fathers. Palestine has again become q
promised land"
From these funds, high prices have
been paid for pestilential swamps re-
quiring draining, for sand dunes reuuir.
ing flxation and for impoverished stony
hill lands requiring terracing or the
planting Of forests. Jewish effort has
transformed these wasted lands into
hourishing, prosperous areas.
To date there are some $50 Jewish
agricultural colonies. having from 100 to
several hundred persons each. The jew
ish people own II per cent Of the cult.
vatable land Of Palestine, or about per
cent Of the total arca. The Jews recog-
nize that people rise or fail on the
production Of their lands. They devote
the greatest sums Of money and efforts
w 1on6 1nelonotion Tho IleNish poopls
Evening star., 1940-02-11
United States Surveys Prospects Hosies

on British shore. two more believed
brought down at sea.
But more important, II true, was fur
ther London claim that British destroyer
on convoy duty had destroyed two Nazi
submarines without damage to mer-
chantmen under attack.
Typical Of complementary inaccuracies
Of rival claims-and illustrative of haz-
ards Of any impartial source attempting
to speak authoritatively Of marine losses
in present war-were recapitulations is
sued during week by NaM government,
by British admiralty and by Lloyd's in
surance underwriters.
Releasing their figures on Thursday,
Nazis claimed allied and neutrals since
September 3 had lost 400 ships to total
Of 1,493,4 ,431 tons. Their own losses Ber-
lin added, amounted to
Ship Losses ~ vessels and 236,957
Reviewed tons. OF latter total, 1t
was said $4,000 tons had
been .confscated in enemy ports, 81, 900
tons captured on high seas, l41, 600 tons
scuttled to avoid capture. Into their
own ports for search, and usually for
capture, Germans have taken 354 ships.
Quick to reply with their own brand
OF statistics, British claimed allied and
neutral losses for first five months of
war had been 274 ships, not 400, to total
tonnage Of s25,044. Failing to give num-
Der of Nazi ships lost to Hitler's cause,
British did estimate enemy tonnage toll
at 253,587.
On Friday, Lloyd's spoke its piece
ttemizing allied-neutral losses at 281
ships of s77,790 tons and German losses
at Al vessels of 232,15s tons. For Britain
alone, Loyd's computed losses at IA
ships Of 542,5 ,536 tons.
Strangely enough, belligerent France
had lost only l3 ships. as compared to
SO for Norway, ~ for Sweden, is for
Denmark and IA for Greece-all non.
belligerents.
And just for variety, Associated Press
box score of sinkings to Friday totaled
373 ships of all nations, tonnage of l.
27s,6l9 and lives lost at 32S5.
Evening star., 1940-02-11
Behind the Lines

Most of weeks developments, certainly
the more significant ones, occurred on
diplomatic fronts or at least out of
areas of actual conflict.
With French British-T Turkish alliance
now translated into estimate of SIS, 900
fully equipped fighting men concentrated
In Near East and areas adjacent to
Balkans, those predicting that one or
both OF present wars soon would spill
over into this sector received startling
support by abrupt seizure of Krupp-
owned Turkish shipyards on Thursday
by Istanbul government.
Located on the Golden Horn on stra-
tegic straits of Bosporus, yards engaged
IN naval construction work were occupied
by Turkish marines on Thursday; few
hours later came curt dismissal of 100
German technicians employed in yards
and order that they quit country within
48 hours.
On Friday, authoritative Turkish
sources reported that government had
uncovered evidence of Nazi sabotage net
work being prepared to perpetuate ex-
plosions, train wrecks, highway destruc-
ton and ship scut-
turks (horQe things on orders
cavn,on pIot from Berlin. With
further cryptic eA-
planation that spring is coming" Turk
spokesmen indicated that confiscation of
German properties and forced nquida-
ton of their assets in star-crescent ma
ton may be expected
Contemptuously asserting that Turk
action was forced by British French
pressure, Berlin spokesmen were sur
prisingly reticent about talking retalia-
ton.
Close in background of Turk "upris-
Ing" was tension existing among all
Balkan nations as Rumania, Yugoslavia
and Greece stood with Turkey in entente
manifestly unpopular in Bulgaria and
Hungary And close behind latter two
is Russo German armed strength, like
wise concentrated close to Balkan area
perhaps for joint action
In North Europe, military assistance
being supplied to Firms by many Euro
pean nations was looked upon as factor
which may precipitate joint Russ-Ger-
man endeavor in Baltic area.
In face of obvious great need of Firms
Tor bombing and fighting airplanes,
transit through
Itolion Planes France of so car
For FinIond loads of Italian
built planes served
to stimulate French and British pro-
grams for assisting beleaguered Baltic
nation. Meeting in Paris, Allied ST.
preme War Council discussed release of
Evening star., 1940-02-11
At Sea
methods, of ia Poles for crimes against
Germans"

~ 0S0
Submarines. airplanes, mines-all con-
tinue to take their toll of marine ton
mage in past week.
Fast cargo-carrier operating in North
Atlantic, Canadian owned freighter
Beaverburn, was torpedoed of South
Irish Coast early Tuesday Built in 1928,
ship was 9,874 tons, carried crew of II;
all but one were saved by another mer-
chantman.
On same day, Admiralty revealed that
mine-sweeper Sphinx, crippled by air
raiders, had capsized while being towed
to port. Twenty-fourth British naval
loss since war began, Sphinx reported
death toll of nearly go from 10O-man
crew. Admiralty also made belated re-
port of torpedoing of 6,805-ton freighter
Armanistan of Portuguese coast, rescue
of her crew of 50 by Spanish motorship.
And on Wednesday, steaming through
hitherto placid Irish Sea, crack mail
liner Munster was ripped to pieces by
Evening star., 1940-02-11
PALESTINE UNDERGOES SWEEPING CHANGES
ForReoehns Program Reeonsug Physical and Rehobton
Thousands of War Refugees the Holy Lond

The author OF this article is as
sistant chief of the Soil Conservation
Service of the United States Depart
n1ent OF Agriculture. He Disited Pales-
tine. Dtth Mrs. LotDdermilk, in the
course OF recent tour OF 10000 miles
Jor the study OF soil erosion in
Northern Africa, Asia Minor and
Europe.
Palestine, corner Of the earth no
larger than the State Of Vermont, is un-
dergoing phenomenal transformation.
A far-reaching and healing program is
being carried out, in reconstructing
physical resources of the country and
in rehabilitating thousands of refugees
who have been thrust out of Hitlerized
Europe.
Agricultural colonization in Palestine
by the Jews is the most remarkable de-
votion to and reclamation Of wasted
lands that have seen in a survey of
land-use in three continents
Palestine, when first taken 5000 years
ago by the Children of Israel as their
promised land" was flowing with milk
and honey; it lost its pristine richness
and was devastated through neglect,
overgrazing and erosion. Denuded rocky
hills, erosion-ruined fields. moving sand
dunes and malarial marshes are a sorry
commentary on mans long occupation
and neglect of the land.
The vision and inspiration to bring
back the productivity and beauty of the
neglected and wasted lands of Palestine
waited IS centuries for this new crusade
of world Jewry Since Hitler began his
sadistic purges in 1888, Palestine has alb
sorbed and rehabilitated some 250,OO0
Jews from Europe.
During our eight months stay IN the
Near East during 1899, there were some-
times as many as 2500 Czecho- Slovakian
refugees huddled In old cargo ships.
floating about for weeks and even
months at time, trying to enter Pales-
tine. Only . limited number had pass
ports and were permitted to enter under
quotas.
Freighters' Human CARO-,
One day saw an old freighter an
chored outside the Beirut quarantine
station, unloading its human cargo from
Czecho-Slovakia into the inclosed stock
ade. For almost three months the cap
tain had tried secretly to land these
victims Of Nazi persecution on the chores
of Palestine. Among these 655 refugees
there were 40 lawyers. A engineers. seven
Evening star., 1940-02-11
PERFECT WARSHIP IS YET TO BE DESIGNED
Most Of Time Token Building Of Bottle Croft Planning
Research Yet tErrosSee EN- to e Inevitable

Naval scientists the world over have
yet to devise the perfect warship.
Rear admiral S. NJ Robinson, chief of
the Bureau of Engineering and CO.
ordinator of the naval building program,
put it succinctly when he told the House
Appropriations Committee that the Navy
has never built fighting ship or had
one built for 1t on which some changes
were not found necessary. The need for
these changes normally is not disclosed
until the vessel has undergone trial runs
at sea or made its shakedown cruise un-
der service conditions. Even then, no
ship can be said to be absolutely perfect.
There was quite a furor over the
tendency of several new 1,500-ton de-
stroyers to topheaviness after emptying
their fuel tanks and consuming their AM
munition. That mistakes were made is
freely admitted by officials of the Navy
Department. They attributed the errors
to an excess of zeal for making these
new wasps of the sea as formidable as
possible. The mistakes are being cor
rected at total net cost of approxi-
mately $780, ,0O0 a small fraction of per
cent of the total cost of the 36 destroyers
involved.
Naval officers of long experience who
constitute the General Board must draw
upon their knowledge and information
concerning what other naval powers are
doing and planning with regard to the
particular type of ship under considera-
ton. In the case of battleships, they
must make the best possible guess as to
the range at which naval engagements
will be fought during the lifetime of the
proposed battleship, normally 26 years.
The matter of range is highly important.
II ranges are extreme, more protection
must be given the decks against possible
damage from large high-explosiye shells.
II ranges are to be shorter, the side
armor must be thicker and stouter.
Other questions of policy must be de-
termined in advance, such as speed and
cruising radius.
Preliminary Design Stage.
All this comes in what is known as
the preliminary design stage of fighting
ship construction. For example, when
two 35,000-ton battleships now approach
Ing completion were in this stage, no
less than IS distinct overall designs were
prepared and given close study and
analysis. The design finally approved
was compromise involving the best fea-
lures developed by the design specialists
In cooperation with the General Board
and the several bureaus of the Navy De-
partment Immediately concerned. This
work consumed more than year. There
was nothing hasty about it in any sense
Of the word. With the preliminary de-
sign irrevocably approved, the final de-
sign branch was called in to work out
more detailed drawings and drafting
force of more than 100 highly trained
and experienced men was required to
prepare the huge books of detail draw
ings and specification requirements as
the basis for estimates of construction
~ aosts ,hv. nrospectiye builders, whether
Evening star., 1940-02-11

lation Of Palestine pay 10 per cent of the
government taxes, for industrial de-
| velopment has also been rapid.
| We were astonished to see people so
easily transplanted from city to agri-
| cultural life. Extensive areas Of swamps
and sand dunes along the coast of
| Palestine have been transformed into
orange, lemon and grapefruit groves
which remind one of Southern Califor-
mia. These scientifically managed groves
and modern towns are striking con-
trast to the decadent local agriculture
which still prevails on about 80 per cent
Of Palestine. But the Jewish colonies,
and their almost 100000 forest trees
planted on the rocky hills, demonstrate
the possibilities of restoring or improv-
ing the lands of Palestine.
During our studies of the use of land
In the interest Of our movement for soil
and water conservation in the United
States we inspected some Is of these
Jewish colonies and their work.
Youths Given Practice.
The Jewish colonization movement
had to prepare Palestine for the Jew,
and the Jew for Palestine. It became q
matter OF making full-fedged farmers
out of people, young and old. bred in
city pursuits. with little background in
farming. Adults are first placed in older
agricultural colonies, while thousands Of
young people from Central Europe are
given two years practice in farming
schools. Upon graduation IS per cent Of
these choose to be farmers. The Jews
have learned that the wife's training is
generally responsible for the farmers
success or failure. There are splendid
"farmerette" schools where we saw hum
dreds Of girls, fine physical specimens.
learning by actual practice to carry on
every type Of farm work. The Jewish
women's organization Of Hadassah
finances this "Alayah," or youth training.
During the past three years, despite
hostility by terrorists, an average of one
new colony each month was established
in pioneer REGIONS, largely by young peo-
pie.
Each new settlement was built In the
form Of fortified camp, within bullet
proof stockade, with watchmen night
and day in the watch tower. Nightly q
powerful electric searchlight played over
hill and valley. Young men and women
alike have their appointed places for the
defense of the camp In case Of attack:
drills are held regularly.
Since World War. the Jewish popula.
ton has increased by about 325,000.
During the same period, Arab popula-
ton has. increased an equal number.
Is this laree-scale colonization eco
nomically sound? The extremely high
prices paid for land and heavy costs for
drainage and improvements place .
charge against the land too high for
commercial enterprise. But this recla.
nation Of Palestine Is more than buxi.,
ness undertaking: It Il the redemption
q the QnlZ national homeland The Jews
Evening star., 1940-02-11

the final "epic Of. Lincoln" Probably Mr..
Sandburg himself would be the last to
appreciate any such exaggerated adula-.
ton. It must be remembered, for one
thing, that the vast majority Of 1incoln's
personal letters now are held under lock
and key at the Library Of Congress, In
accessible to anybody for the time being
in accordance with the win Of Robert
Lincoln. When this accumulation Is
opened there will doubtless be shed much
light on events which today cannot be
thoroughly explained.
Evening star., 1940-02-11

He ,oill surrey conditions In the
belltgerent countries and In Italy
for President Roosevelt.
A. P. Photo.
ers reported stalling Russ efforts to ad-
vance either westward or southwark
and charging $500 lives for the attempts.
Week opened with Firms suffering
most terrific aerial punishment of Baltic
war as estimated
Russ PIones fourscore Red
Bomb Cities planes swooped
over Turku, Yiipuri
and Kuopio. Many cities and towns of
Finland today are mere fire-blackened
wreckage, their ruins monuments to
Soviet rapacity.
But with air force steadily increasing
in size-as we'll as 'parentage"-defend-
ing Firms retaliated in part on Wednes-
day night by concentrated air attacks
on Red infantry concentrations facing
Mannerheim Line. Snow-reflected glare
of hundreds of campfires as poorly clad
and housed Bolo troops sought to keep
warm offered inviting targets to those
plotting Finn planes or manning their
bombing equipment.
On western front, in Europe's other
war, life continued at screen pace vio-
lated so seldom. Skirmish of scouts,
netting French two prisoners, was re-
ported in wooded hills east of Blies River
early in week with Germans finally
driven out by barrage of poilu hand
greIiades.
Arriving for duty at French front line
In midweek were % American ambu-
lances, new units in Pershing section of
American Volunteer Ambulance Corps.
Evening star., 1940-02-11
Domestic Front

Congress spent another week talking
about aiding Finland but results brought
forth were far from impressive.
On Thursday, Senate voted by 65 to 3
that S. E. c. should give clearance to any
effort of Finnish government to float
bond issue here, with no restrictions to
Evening star., 1940-02-11

be attached to funds thus raised. No
authoritative Finnish source has yet In
dicated they would take advantage Of
this device.
OF Brown bill, now incorporated into
administration measures for increasing
capital Of Export
Finnish Loon Import Bank with
Still in Air Finland to have ac-
cess to $4,000 900
additional non-miltary credit, commit
tee clearance finally has been given on
Senate side with vote on floor scheduled
Tuesday.
As their contributions to Finnish aid,
Tallulah Bankhead turned over $3722
check to Minister Procope; National
Baseball League approved all-star bene-
fit game to be played in Florida in
March.
But President Roosevelt, already on
record against military assistance to
Baltic country, revealed this reluctance
anew IN Friday press conference during
discussion Of possible sale of our Army
Navy surplus" equipment to neutral
nations Of world. We are not likely to
sell guns to Finland, he said, since that
country quite obviously is engaged in
conflicts not neutral.
Anti-Russ sentiment in House almost
forced discontinuance of diplomatic
establishment in Moscow when proposal
to cut from State Department supply bill
FUNDS Tor payment Of Ambassador Stein
hardts salary came within three votes of
passage.
But on Senate side conviction of ad-
mmlstration leadership that present
recognition Of Soviet government should
not be withdrawn was outlined in letter
from Secretary Of State Hull to Foreign
Relations Committee. Mr.. Hull con-
ceded, however, that Communist gov
ernment has overstepped conditions of
agreement by which our recognition was
rendered In November, 1893.
But more positive manifestation of
Administrators current attitude toward
Communist Russia came
Roosevelt yesterday when Presi-
Rops Reds dent Roosevelt delivered
startling but obviously
carefully considered denunciation here
Of Moscow's government and its policies,
both internal and international.
BY its unprovoked invasion of Finland,
its regimentation of Russ peoples, its
indiscriminate killings and its banish-
ment of religion, Chief Executive told
American Youth Congress at White
House hopes that Soviet dictatorship
would become peace loving and respect
full of integrity Of neighbors are "either
shattered or put away in storage against
| better day"
And as mixed but interested reception
both here and abroad greeted announce
ment Of Mr.. Welles' mission, ofncial
French note given to Paris papers and
studied closely here cautioned that "the
constant peril of Germany which
periodically unleashes warlike crises in
Europe for purely political and impe-
rialistic reasons must be radically wiped
out before the world to come takes shape
by agreement"
Evening star., 1940-02-11
Review of 23d Week of War
By John G.. Henry

Increasingly threatening that
single
all the fury which not yet has maaized
rontwere disturbing the world this
they offset disclosure taking
role formal other neutrals
reSor of
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1940-10-11
Stony Creek Girl Married
in Ceremony in Ann Arbor

Stony Creek. Mich. Oct. l1-At
a simple ceremony performed at
the parsonage OF the st. Johns
Church in Ann Arbor, Thursday
evening at o'clock Miss Eleanor
Maye Phillips. daughter Of Mr. and
Mrs. II. j. Phillips. Stony Greek.
became the bride of Edward A.
Schroen, son of Mrs. Margaret
Schroen. Ann Arbor Father Lynch
officiated.
The bride was attired in a green
wool suit with black accessories
and her corsage was OF pink. Her
maid of honor Mrs. Edna Richards.
twin sister of the groom. wore an
afternoon frock OF wine color with
black accessories. Her corsage
was in yellow.
The groom was attended by Rich
ard Phillips. brother OF the bride,
and both men wore white carna-
lions in their lapels.
Following the ceremony the brid-
al party returned to the Phillips
home where a reception for ap-
proximately 80 relatives was enjoy
ed. Immediately afterward the
couple left. accompanied by their
mother. Mrs. Schroen. for a five
day trip through Kentucky and Mis-
souri,. While in Missouri they plan
TO visit the brides grandfather, f.
c. Phillips. at Cabool.
Upon their return they will make
their home with Mrs. Schroen at
sos E. Kingsley St, Ann Arbor,
Mr.. Schroen is a manager OF a gas
station in Ann Arbor.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1940-10-11
s. e. Augusta

Miss Doris Elka has returned to
her home after spending six weeks
with Mr.. and Mrs. Walter Haessler,
Monroe.
Mr.. and Mrs John Oelke. Flat
Rock, spent Wednesday with Mr.
and Mrs. A. W. Elka.
Miss Marjorie Mclaughlin. Mon
roe. spent the week end with her
aunt and uncle, Mr.. and Mrs.
George Schechter and family.
Mr.. and Mrs. Vern Cox, Platt.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Vogler and
daughter. Jean. were in Flint and
Frankenmuth Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. J. W. Gotschell. To-
ledo. O.. were Sunday guests of Mr..
and Mrs. Albert W. Elka.
A group Of relatives met at the
home Of Mr.. and Mrs. F. l.. Vedder.
Saturday evening. Guests were pres
ent from Dawson. Pennington. Biz
mingham. futile Hill and Milan.
Mr. and Mrs George Schechter
spent Wednesday evening with Mr..
and Mrs Ben Goodenough, Maybee.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1940-10-11
STONY CREEK GRANGE
HAS NEW OFFICERS

New officers of the Stony Creek
Grange have been chosen. They
are: Carl Curry, master; Kendall
Riggs, overseer; Mrs. Ernest
Schroen, lecturer; Clint Torrey.
secretary; John McCrone. treasur.
err; Mrs. John McCrone, chaplain;
G.. Dexter Wilson. inner guard;
George Rattray, outer guard: Mr..
and Mrs. Donald Stuart, steward
and stewardess; Miss Florence
Schroen, Pomona; Mrs. Clint Tor
rey, Flora, and Mrs. G. Wilson,
Ceres.
The dance committee for the
year is, Mr.. and Mrs. John Nc.
Crone, Mr.. and Mrs. Floyd Ganong
and Mr.. and Mrs. Clint Tofrey.
Rae Powell is to act as caller and
floor manager for the dances.
Miss Lola Summerland has been
appointed chairman of the compo-
sition OF committees for the various
activities of the Grange.