davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-04-27
MARYLAND Primary
Another test Of strength betw

Another test OF strength between
the Maryland Democratic faction
headed by Governor O'Conor and
Howard Bruce and that led by
Mayor Howard w. Jackson of Balti-
more and Senator Tydings will be
provided by the senatorial primary
on May 6. The outcome of previous
encounters between the two factions
makes it difficult to predict the re-
suit of the coming election.
In the last gubernatorial primary
Governor O'Conor. backed by Mr..
Bruce, made better showing than
Mayor Jackson, and eventually won
the nomination. The Governor even
carried all the districts in Baltimore
City, the Jackson stronghold. A few
months later, however, when Mayor
Jackson ran for denomination, he
was able to defeat an O'Conor-
backed candidate, proving he was
still a potent power in Baltimore
politics.
The lineup in the coming pri-
mary has the O'Conor-Bruce COM
Evening star., 1940-04-27
Welcome News

Railroad men Of the country may
we'll take pride in the announce
ment by Assistant Secretary of War
Louis johnson that there is no place
in the mobilization plan of the Army
for Government ownership or opera
tion of the railroads in the event of
war. After all the problems with
which they have been confronted in
recent years, it should be encourag-
ing for them to learn that the War
Department considers them efficient
to the point that it is willing to en-
trust to private ownership any trans
portation problems arising out of
industrial mobilization.
Colonel Johnson deserves credit for
pointing out that the War and Navy
Departments share responsibility
with the railroads for effective
transportation during mobilization.
This constitutes recognition that the
railroads alone were not to blame for
the congestion of terminals and the
miles of railroad sidings with thou
sands of cars awaiting unloading
that characterized the situation in
19l7-18. Only with efficiency on the
part of all three groups can there
be ultimate group efficiency. And
Colonel Johnson gave every indica-
ton that the two service departments
will know what to do when the
emergency arises.
What may have been a clincher
toward establishing the War Depart
ment's confidence in the private
operators-although the latter may
not have realized 1t at the time
were the recent war mapeuvers. In
the troop concentrations some 25DOO
men with arms, food and equipment,
hundreds of motor vehicles and re-
placement parts, and tons Of food
and supplies were moved by rail,
according to Colonel johnson, with
out delay, without breakdown, with
out injury to men or damage to prop
erty.
Evening star., 1940-04-27
Police Court Judoe

In naming George D. Nelson, one
of Washington's younger attorneys,
as judge of the Police Court, to sue
ceed Edward M. Curran, who recently
was appointed United States attorney
for the District of Columbia, Presi-
dent Roosevelt has selected a man
who is thoroughly familiar with the
work of the court by reason of his
several years of service there as
prosecutor Judge Nelson has been
an assistant corporation counsel,
representing the District of Colum-
bia, since 1884 and he has been
assigned to Police Court most of
that time. Thus, he has become
acquainted with some of the prob
lens OF the court, the four branches
of which-Traffic, District of Colum-
bia, United States and Jury-disposed
last year OF nearly $4,000 cases.
The task of melting out justice
fairly and efficiently in so many cases
is a major problem in itself. It
requires high order of devotion to
duty and a considerable amount of
real energy to do the job properly.
Traffic cases are the most numerous
and they are exceedingly important
and deserving Of careful attention.
Work of the District of Columbia
branch is almost as heavy. Jury
cases have been falling behind, ac-
cording to recent review. On Janu-
ary Of this year there were 33e jury
cases pending, as compared with 1872
on that date year ago. This in
creased congestion was due to an
accumulation of jury cases during
the summer vacation period. How
to prevent such accumulations is
one OF the perplexing problems which
confront the Police Court judges.
The borrowing Of a Municipal Court
judge in the summer months has
been one method Of solution in past
years, but in 1888 and 1899 no
Municipal Court judges were avail
able. What arrangement is to be
made this year has not been dis
closed-but something should be
done to avert another serious log
jam.
Judge Nelson will have plenty Of
opportunity in his new post to assist
in speeding up the courts machinery
without impairing the quality of
justice issuing therefrom. That he
is fully cognizant of the trust i'm
posed upon him is indicated by his
pledge that he will strive diligently
to cooperate with his fellow judges
and with the prosecutors in guard
ing jealously the rights of the indi-
vidual" and in serving the people of
the District as a whole. He will have
the best wishes of the community in
this endeavor.
Evening star., 1940-04-27

craft which the British and French
governments have sought permission
to buy. It also has been disclosed
that the cost of the aircraft engines
to be purchased includes the cost Of
enlarging OF building the factories
In which they will be produced. This
latter point is one Of the utmost i'm
portance to the American aircraft
industry and our whole air defense
plan.
The lack Of an adequate supply Of
aircraft engines in the higher power
ranges has been the bottleneck of
the American aircraft production
program. Airplane factories for
many months have been geared to
a far higher production ratio than
have the aircraft engine factories.
The measure of our air defense
strength has become, therefore, not
the capacity Of the aircraft factories,
but OF the engine plants. The allied
orders not only will make necessary
an immediate and considerable ex-
pansion OF our aircraft engine plants
to speed up production but will pay
outright the cost of that expansion.
Such expansion, indispensable to the
allies as an emergency measure, also
Is of the utmost Importance to our
own air safety in case Of emergency.
Release Of the new types of
aircraft, among them some Of the
fastest pursuit airplanes the world
has seen and a new four-engine bonn
bardment airplane possessing re-
markable performance characteris-
tics, puts these aircraft on an imme-
diate quantity production basis. BY
acting to freeze" these designs.
the orders free our aircraft engi-
neers and designers for concentra-
ton on the development OF still more
advanced types already reported to
be well on the way toward the pro-
duction stage.
Evening star., 1940-04-27
THIS AND THAT
BY Charles Z. Trace,oell.

Our correspondent likes the English
srsrrows.
That is good thing, for they are like
able beasties, once the bird lover decides
to live up to that good name and give
over his hates.
Then these sparrows are seen to be
rather pretty, than otherwise, and their
songs as peculiarly happy, If not really
musical.
Music, In any form, is queer thing;
the more you study it, the more you lis
ten, with open ears, the more sure you
are that no one form can contain all of it.
Consider the symphony hound, If we
may use a slang expression.
He pretends that there is no other
music worth listening to except SYM
phonic music.
His antithesis is the "hot jazz" en-
thusiast. If you take him at his word,
he finds no music worth cent except
some raucous old tune played in the
Chicago style.
The only thing the matter with these
persons is that their musical horizon is
limited.
1t may save their pocketbooks, espe-
cially if they are record collectors, but
it does no credit to their intelligence.
So it is with bird friends.
True friends of birds like them all,
and try their best to see good in them,
and something to admire.
This way, they have their troubles it is
true. when unwelcome species come to
feeding stations, but they have their
reward in variety of interests which
comes in no other way.
English sparrows, despite all that has
been said against them, are interesting
little creatures, enjoying life as well
as the rest of the birds.
What is more, they have brought hap
piness to thousands Of bird watchers, for
they are the city bird, peculiarly so, and
come to sidewalks and ledges and WIN
dow sills where other birds seldom come.
In the worlds literature, many excel
lent passages of tribute to these SPAR
rows may be found. Some day we hope
to get them together and present them.
In the meantime, let all those who
choose to look upon themselves as bird
lovers really try to live up to the name,
just as music lovers should make an
honest attempt to appreciate all music,
not just the section of it they happen
to have crush" on at the moment
Musicland and birdland are larger
than we think.
Each realm contains multitudes. Love
the symphony, but have place in your
heart for popular melody.
Listen for the song of the cardinal,
but lacking that, be glad for the music
Of the English sparrows
Evening star., 1940-04-27
MASSACHUSETTS, AVE.

Dear Sir:
II am very much interested in your
column in The Evening Star.
II have feeder and pan OF water
on my porch, and 2e English sparrows
come every day to get the sunfiower seeds
and = drink Of water.
"One little fellow squats all the time
which makes me think of 4 sit-down
strike
Can you tell me what ails him?
1.-TWO beautiful cardinals come for the
seeds also, but they never sing, which is
a great disappointment to me, hence this
little rhyme made:
All, radiant bird with the scarlet wing,
Why do never hear you sing?
Cheep, cheep, is the one and only note
Coming from your lovely throat;
Sing, sweet bird, and cheer my heart,
Ere I from this world depart.
"E. G. NJ"
That's better than rhyme, It's real
verse, 1t seems to us.
You can see dear lady, sitting quietly
on her porch, waiting for the cardinal to
sing its real spring song.
1t probably never will sing on the
porch, but let us hope it flies to nearby
tree and there sends forth its cheer,
cheer, cheer" to an eagerly waiting ear.
Songs of the robin and cardinal COM
bine. at this time, to make the character
Of the bird chorus.
The robin leads, because his song is
more persistent, and of bubbling char
acter which often is overlooked until the
bird friend happens to realize it, and
then for the rest of his life it is in his
ears wherever he goes, especially in the
early spring when 1t is such a new note
in the world.
Sometimes we think the robins song
Is not appreciated at half its worth.
1t is just like some people, accepted
without much thought on the part of
others, but really constituting a great
part in their lives.
So it is with the robin song. 1t is not
thing of great beauty. but somehow it
blends perfectly with the landscape.
If the reader does not know exactly
how song may blend with landscape,
let him look out the window some rainy
day and listen.
Then he will hear how the robin is
calling for rain" at the actual time
the rain is coming down.
This peculiar combination Of notes Is
often heard all day long, but mostly in
the evening, when this bird sets him.
self up as feathered weather prophet.
One may think, at times, that he does
about as well as most weather prognosti-
Gators, but then, the weather has been
so odd, hasn't it, that bird or man may
be forgiven for not hitting it."
Evening star., 1940-04-27

bination working for the nomination
OF the latter and the Jackson -Tydings
forces fghting for the denomination
Of Senator Radcliffe. Many observ-
ers believe the decisive votes will be
cast in Baltimore City.
While the current campaign has
not attracted the national interest
OF the last Maryland Democratic
senatorial primary because there is
no presidential purge element in
volved, as there was when David J.
Lewis was running against Senator
Tydings, nevertheless the intra-party
battle is being strenupusly fought.
The fact that senatorial investiga-
ton Of campaign expenses has been
ordered can be taken as an indication
OF the seriousness with which the
campaign is being waged.
Meanwhile the Republicans also
are engaged in an equally bitter but
somewhat less sensational senatorial
fight between former Governor Nice
and William F. Broening, former
Mayor of Baltimore. The Republican
congressional primary in the sixth
district also is of more than local
interest because Of the candidacy OF
Walter Johnson, former baseball idol
and now a Montgomery County
commissioner, who is seeking the
nomination against three rivals.
The third district Democratic race is
OF special interest to Washingtonians
as the entrants include Representa-
tive D'Alesandro and his predecessor,
former Representative Palmisano.
Evening star., 1940-04-27
Allied Air Orders

The signing by the allied purchas-
Ing mission of contracts for $780,
100000 worth of United States air
planes and aircraft engines carries
a significance far beyond the mere
size of the orders and their military
or political implications. These Or
ders profoundly affect the prepared
ness of the United States aviation
industry for any future emergency
which may face this country. 1t has
been announced that the new con-
tracts have been based upon the
releasing for allied purchase of all
the late type American military air
Evening star., 1940-04-27
Farmers and the BUDGET

The House of Representatives,
which for four months has shown
courage and consistency in cutting
appropriation bills almost without
exception, will have it's record put
to the acid test within a few days
when 1t votes on the big Senate
increases In the farm bill.
II it stands by its guns it will
demonstrate to the country that
Congress can economize when it
finds the Treasury approaching the
alternative of higher taxes or lifting
the debt limit.
Should it retreat under Senate fire
it will take nearly all of the economy
out of the economy drive, and bear
out the viewpoint of skeptics, who
believe Congress looks upon retrench-
ment like a new year resolution
good in January, but forgotten by
spring.
After weeks of negotiation, the
House conferees on the agricultural
bill acted wisely in deciding yester-
day to take back to the House for
separate action the three major
increases the Senate made, namely:
For parity price payments to farm
ers in 1941, $212,00O.000; for disposal
OF surplus commodities, $85,OO0 900,
and for loans to farm tenants,
s5o,o0o,o0o.
This course puts the economy issue
squarely up to the House, which
should stand firmly by it's earlier
action, and either disagree to the
increases outright, which would put
the issue up to the Senate again, or,
at least send the bill back to con-
ference for further efforts at
compromise.
The outlook, however, is none too
bright for those in Congress who
want the session as a whole to show
serious effort toward economy. The
rural sections want the parity pay
ment fund. while the cities want the
surplus commodity increase. When
the test comes the desire of each
group to have it's item saved may
put them both over.
If the Senate farm program wins,
the session might still end with
net saving of about one hundred
million below the budget, as the
supply bills now stand, but this
would be largely at the expense of
national defense and would be but
feeble step toward making up the
$3.50 100000, which the President
figured would have to be raised in
new taxes to meet his budget
recommendations.
The Navy bill left the Budget
Bureau carrying 81 ,3l1,577 It is
now in conference, cut to $963, ,797 ,47s.
The budget figures for the Army
have been cut by the House from
$S60,312,094 to $784 300 ,0s4 and are
awaiting Senate action.
II Congress Is willing to take
chances with the Nations defense
needs by postponing vital items in
those bills, why not also put of
part of the farm benefit funds until
January?
1t is argued that the program
must be laid down now, so that
farmers will know how to plan their
crops. But advance planning is Just
as essential for national defense.
Evening star., 1940-04-27
Tribute Paid to
Late Dean Fox.
By Thomas r. Henry.


TO the Editor Of The Star:
The passing Of John McDill Fox is a
deep loss not only to the law teaching
profession and the Department Of Agri-
culture where he had become an expert
on the law relating to foods and drugs,
but especially to that large group of law
students who for several decades had
come within the ambit of his teaching
genius, for he was one Of the few master
teachers of the law of contracts.
No law teacher that I can recall was
ever more at the service of his students
than Dean Fox. He knew that the young
and friendless and timid needed source
of encouragement and he was happy
when he observed their development. To
an alert and Photographic intellect, he
added facile mastery of the English
language and was never at loss for the
right word and the apt quotation. He
spent his life In doing good for his fell
low man. LEWIS G. CASSIDY.
April IS.
Evening star., 1940-04-27
England's Cause Identified
With That Of Freedom.

TO the Editor Of The Star:
1t seems to me very foolish thing to
bring up past grievances against Great
Britain in the present state of world
affairs, when the most recent of these
occurred IS or more years ago. Your
correspondent in yesterdays paper evi-
IDENTIFY does not know the true facts about
the Monroe Doctrine. England. through
her Ambassador, Bulwer-Lytton, was as
anxious for the doctrine to go through
or even more so than the United States.
I do not question that this stand NAV
have selfish aspect, as England had
all she wanted in the Western Hemi-
sphere, and wished to prevent any other
European power getting any foothold, in
which she was immeasurably helped by
the stand of the United States. In fact,
especially when we were young. it would
the Monroe Doctrine if we had not had
Britain and her navy to back us up
1t is pity that your correspondent
remembers all the unpleasant incidents
of nearly century ago, but has forgotten
those much more recent; for example, the
incident at Manila In 1898 when Capt.
Chichester and his command placed
themselves beside Admiral Dewey, when
the Germans threatened the latter. I
cannot understand how any man in this
present crisis can place himself against
the allies by letting what must be merely
personal prejudice obscure the fact that
If decency, religion and freedom mean
anything to us in America all these are
at stake in the present conflict.
do not deny that Britain, in e past
has looked after her own interests. So
have we-witness the Panama Canal, the
Philippines and Hawaii. And so has
every nation on earth strong enough to
do so. But the fact remains that
wherever England has gone she has
bettered conditions and this is shown
today by the loyalty Of the dominions
and by the fact that no British colony
today would willingly change its al
legiance. If Germany, should win this
war, which is unthinkable, no Britt,n
colony could be turned over to her with
out protest of the strongest character and
probably armed resistance II it were pos
sible to give 1t.
England does not want us to pull her
chestnuts out of the fire. She Is salts
hed with what economic help We are now
giving her. Nevertheless, England and
France today are pulling the chestnuts
out Of the fire for the whole civilized
world, and any one who does not recog-
nize this Is doing the ostrich stunt. The
issue Of this war is not primarily the VIC
tory Of England or Of France; 1t is wheth-
er the whole world. including us, is going
totalitarian, or Bolshevist, which is one
and the same thing, and I feel that all
of us should use any influence we have
to prevent 1t.
CUMBERLAND H. H. RUMBOLD.
Covington, Va,
April "a.
Evening star., 1940-04-27
Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address OF
the tcriter although the use OF
q pseudonym for publication Is
permissible. Please be brief!

ton of Wistar, and was probably in use
in Nuttall's period
Wisteria is the form used in Gray's
Manual of Botany" seventh edition,
and in Baileys STANDARD Cyclopedia of
Horticulture"
To be consistent, Mr.. Colby will have
to take up Gleditschia instead of Gled-
itsia, MMahonia instead of Mahonia,
Dierevillea instead of Diervilla, and Teco-
n1axochitlia instead of Tecoma
April % ROBERT F. MARTIN.
Evening star., 1940-04-27

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to
credited to It or not otherwise credited in this
paper and also the local news published herein
All rights Of publication Of special dispatches
herein also are reserved
Evening star., 1940-04-27

The Evening Star Newspaper Company.
Main omse: 18th 81 ana Pennsylvanis Ava
New York once: ITO East 42nd et.
Chicago once: 435 North Michigan Ave.
Delivered by Carrier-City and Suburban.
Resular Edition.
Evening and Sunday 75c per mo. or lec per week
r. Eysn,ns Star l6c Der mo. or l9c Per .ssE
Night Final Edition.
Night Final and Sunday Star - ebc per month
NiRht Final Star 60c per month
Rural Tube Delivery.
The Evening and Sunday Star e6c per month
The Evening Star bbc per month
The Sunday Star r------10c 0c per COPY
Collection made At the end Of each month or
each week, Orders may be sent BY mail or tels-
phone National 5000.
Rate by Mail-Payable In Advance.
Daily ard Sunday y" Sig CO. ! mo. 81 90
Daily only ----1 VI. So 90: ] mo-, 76e
Sunday only-------1 ". $500: mo-. soc
Entered as second-class matter post once.
washington D. c.
Evening star., 1940-04-27
Member Of the Associated Press.

Entered as second-ciass matter post once.
Washington D. c.
Evening star., 1940-04-27

A reader can get the dnsUer to am
question OF fact by ,orittng The Epe-
ming Star INTO, nation Bureau, Fred
eric J. Hdsktn, director, Washington,
D. c. Please inclose stamp for reply.
Evening star., 1940-04-27

@. What Southern States plan to build
newsprint mills?-D. A.
A. According to the Bulletin Of ths
National Farm Chemurgic Council,
movement has been started to establish
a $5000,000 newsprint mill in the area Of
Chattanooga, Tenn. Two other mills are
under consideration, one in Arkansas,
and another at Savannah, Tenn.
Q. Is 1t possible to obtain . baby
panda from China?-J. K.
A.. China has placed ban on further
export Of pandas.
@. Who was the first colored school
teacher in the District Of Columbian
NJ w.
A. Miss Emma w. Brown was the first
Negro teacher employed to teach In the
public schools in the City OF Washing
ton. Her first class Of 40 pupils, which
constituted the entire school, was taught
In the Ebenezer Methodist Episcopal
Church at Fourth and D streets Sc. In
the spring of 1864.
@. Was Arnold Bennett a member Of
the Anglican church?-H. P. S.
A. He was an agnostic.
@. What Is the salary of Wendell
Willkie, the public utility executive?-
w. g.
A. As president Of the Commonwealth
& Southern Corp, he receives $4,000
year.
@. Is there such word as teleponv,
B. M. w.
A. Telegony is defined as the supposed
carrying over of the influence of a sire
to the offspring Of subsequent matinrs
Of the dam with other males.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1940-01-06
CAM B RID &c
RUSH A.M.E. ZION CHURCH
Rev. Charles FOggie. Pastor

The pastor, Rev. Foggie, preached
the most inspiring sermon on last Sun
day morning; the subject being, "And
the Shepherds Returned" Many visi-
tors were present among the large con-
gragation. At the evening worship,
Mrs. Josephine Butler from Living
stone College, N. c., gave an interest
ing talk on this particular college and
its work. This church is launching a
drive for Livingstone College which
ends next month. At II o'clock last
Sunday night the Watch Night service
began. Rev. Foggie preached on, 1.-TWO
Faced" 1t was an effective service
which planted in everyone finer spirit
with which to enter the new year.
January is the month of beginnings at
Rush.-There will be a series of health
lectures given at this church every Fri
day evening during the month of Janu-
airy. DR.. Burnett is the speaker on
Friday night, Jan. 5. The Senior
Choir will present a play directed by
Miss Blanche Payton on Thursday,
January 25 at 500 pm.
Western Avenue Baptist Church
Western Avenue Baptist Church will
give an indoors Mid Winter Picnic on
Thursday, Jan. II. Come and enjoy
yourselves around your friends. Lunch
will be served at nominal price.