davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-03-28
specifying the benefit standards determining tht

specifying the benefit standards determining the
|amountS to be paid to unemployed persons eligible
lunder the state laws. These benefit standards
were as equally compromise as the 3 per cent
contribution rate. Without experience it was i'm
POSSIBLE to know whether standards could be made
really adequate without bankrupting the funds.
Experience up to date shows that our calcua-
ations upon rate were better than upon the benefit
structure. In practically every state funds
have accumulated greatly in excess of use, while
the benefits which provide pitiful pretense Of Sc
curity are paid after a long waiting period that
exhausts savings and in far too few cases. con-
tinue until the unemployed persons are able to find
employment.
The money is available in practically every
state to pay adequate benefits promptly with a
maximum waiting period of one week, and for a
period that will enable the worker to find new
job in normal times. The duration should be the
same for all eligible workers.
The benefits themselves should be related to
full time earnings with minimum below which
they should not be allowed to fall, and maximum
excluding proportions which fall outside of the
purpose of unemployment compensation.
Unemployment compensation can take care
only of persons genuinely attached to some indus
try as evidenced by an employment standard, and
provide a portion of normal income for a limited
time. Unlimited insurance cannot be financed. The
standards approved by the American Federation OF
Labor are 60 per cent of full time earnings, one
week waiting time and 20 weeks duration To
assure these standards in all states, we propose a
Federal reinsurance fund. These standards, which
would constitute real security, should be provided
nationally before any tax reduction should be con-
in the form of tax reduction or
so-called experience rating. Federal standards and
rates are necessary to prevent unfair regional
competition based on diferentials in standards.
Congress should act promptly with under
standing of the real issue.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-03-28
To BE Free, Men Must Be Protected
Against Want, McNutt Declares

Middletown, O. QLNS).-Strict ad-
herence to a policy of preparedness as
the only assurance against war was
urged by Federal Security Admins
TRAITOR Paul V. McNutt in addressing
the American Legion at Middletown
McNutt, a past National Commander
said that throughout its 81 years of
life the Legion had taught the doctrine
of preparedness, adding that not al
ways had its message been popular.
"Times there were," he said, when
we were subjected to the ridicule of
those who thought a world governed
by pure politics could be subdued by
the soft word Of defenseless nation
But time and events have made our
case. Tragedies of history have con-
firmed our position. We have seen
the failures of world courts, antiwar
pacts, the weakness of pacifism and
disarmament"
McNutt pointed out that the Legion
however, has worked not only for ade-
quate fighting forces, but for civil
population which has good health
good houses, and an undying devotion
to freedom. "To be Free" he said
''men must have adequate protection
against want, privation, and illness
political equality paralleled by equal
opportunity for an education for de-
cent home and for a job"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-03-28
NEXT STEPS IN UNEMPLOYMENT
COMPENSATION

IN 1888, We in the United States, launched a
Z plan to provide some degree Of security for
workers accustomed to look to industries for a
chance to earn their livelihood but subject to haz-
ards Of unemployment over which they have no
control. The unemployment compensation pro-
visions of the Social Security Act were frankly d
compromise beginning with per cent instead Of
with the per cent rate of contributions to be paid
by employers which the technicians studying the
problem deemed necessary to adequate standards
This Federal law was supplemented by state law
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-03-28
SPENCER MILLER IN OHIO

Columbus, Ohio. (OLNS) Spencer
Miller, Jr., director of the Workers
Education Bureau in Ohio last week
in an educational confer
ence at Heidelberg College, Tifhn, and
also addressed committees of the Co.
lumbus Federation of Labor.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-03-28

So long as 100000 people are without work
so long as many more millions of men, women and
children live on relief rations or less; so long as
millions have insufficient clothing and live in tents
and novels; just so long have we failed to prove
that democracy is the best form of government
Senator Burton X. Wheeler.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-03-28
WHAT NEXT?

The Detroit Edison Co. is using
portable X-ray outfit to test the
soundness of poles carrying dis
tribution wires. The usual test
methods, by boring, are reported
to have condemned % poles to de-
struction. The X-ray device con-
demned only of the 28.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-03-28
IMPOSSIBLE

Secretary: "Sorry ] was late, Mr.
Brown. I'll be here bright and early
tomorrow morning"
Boss: Don't promise the impos-
sible, just be here early"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-03-28
Truths Pondered While
Riding At Anchor
MIR. MODESTUS
. A NEW COUNT
. HOW TO FIND VALUES
Q KNOW UNEMPLOYED
9 BE A STATISTICIAN

y KNOW UNEMPLOYED
Q BE A STATISTTCIAN
Census
Means: counting
| From Latin 'censere," to value
Best way to know values is, to dc
some counting
Same holds for knowing number OF
unemployed
Some folks, riding in airplanes-
Thought they saw all the unem-
ployed-
Like a banker, knowing all about
theology
This year, they are counting unem-
ployed-
First time complete counting of
But in 1899 they counted employ
ed
Also the number of population
Together with production of goods
Let's make believe we are statisti-
clans
That is what most of the statisti-
clans do
Employed in manufacturing indus
try in 1899 were 100000
That was IL per cent of entire pop
ulation-
Population that census counted a.
79S, ,OOO-
Employed in manufacturing in 1929,
30 years later
Was S,S22,000; which was 7.3 per
cent of population
Population being 121,526,0O0 in
1929
Mining employed $4,000 in 1899;
0.78 per cent of population
In 1929 the number was 928,O0O or
OF per cent
Railways employed 100000 in
1899, 1.35 per cent
In 1929 they employed 1854 900, or
Ia per cent
Farming in 1899 employed 5,737, 900,
being 7.6 per cent
In 1929 it employed 6,44S,OOO; being
81 per cent
Those farmers figures are among
the most important.
Manufacturers, mining, railways,
farming
Four principal mechanized indus
tries
Employed 1851 600 in 1899
Which was 16.9 per cent of popu
lation-
In 1929 these industries employed
1872, 900
Which was 14.7 per cent of popu-
lation-
That means So million more en-
ployed in latter year
But % per cent less Of population
employed
In those industries
x x X
What became of that other % per
cent?
Larger percentage studied medicine
and law
Others multiplied ratios of book
Other fractions went into trade
Either on their own or as clerks
Mostly the latter
Lots Of them sold gasoline and oil
for autos
Which were being made in the grow
ing automobile shops
Those young folks leaving the
farms
Had to go somewhere
But unemployment was on the
march
X X X
Meanwhile
Volume of production cXportable in
1899 was $9.7 billions
In 1929 it amounted to 1928 bill
lions
Which amounted to $40 per cent of
1899 production
Population in 1929 was 1872 per cent
Of 1899
Employment was 2.2 per cent of
population less in 1929
This is the picture as of ten years
ago
When they get through counting
noses in 1910
Compare their figures with those
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-03-28
WISDOM
-. ...s.s...,..,....s.:.+....s.s...*sx

All that harms labor is treason
to America. No line can be drawn
between these two. Ii any man
tells you he loves America yet
hates labor, he is d liar. If any
man tells you he trusts America
yet he fears labor he is fool.
There is no America without la
Dor, and TO fleece the one is to
rob the Other.-Abraham Lincoln.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1940-03-28
TRUE OR FALSE

Friends: "When your husband
Graves a kiss do you always give it
to him? ?"
Jealous Wife: 81 wish | knew"
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-07-13

Continued from Page -
turn toward conservatism, men and
women were invited TO attend re-
ligious ceremonies.
Petain, now nominally In dicta-
torial control Of the government, an
nounced his ministers last night. As
IN the cabinet Of which he was
premier. there are three dominant
figures - Laval: General Maxine
Weygand. defense: and Adrien Mar
quet. interior. Other ministers are:
Foreign affairs. Paul Boudoin (re-
tainedD: finance, Yves Bouthillier
lretained): war. General Georges
colson (retained); navy, Admiral
Francois parlan (retalned): air.
General Bertrand Pujo (retained) |;
public instruction and arts, Emile
Mireaux: youth and family. Jean
yhaFnegaray minister for war vet
Grams and social welfare In list cab
inet); colonies. Henry Lemery: Jus.
tice. NJ. Albert and agriculture and
iourishment, NJ. Cazlaux.
Ministers Of the old government
handed N their designations 81
viehy last piaht.
President Albert Lebnin, whose
office was abolished under the new
authorization" regime. 4 expeeted
70 retire 10 ne country.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-07-13
PLATFORM WILL
Be STRONG one
Continued from Page /,

The froeign affairs plank had been
expected to give the Democrats trou-
BILE, but apparently there will be none
because President Rooseevlt's last
message to Congress said that Amer
lean arms would not be used In q
war Of aggression, and American
soldiers woul dnot be sent to Euro
pean battlefields. This language or
something close was expected to be
written into the platform. Many Of
the witnesses at the first days hear
ings, including CTO Vice President
Philip Murray, urged a strong anti
war plank.
Wheeler Confident
Senator Burton K. Wheeler, Mont,
presidential aspirant whose name
had been linked with q possible third
party effort, based on the peace is
sue, said he was confident that the
no : war = Of aggression and no-sol-
diers-to-Europe clauses would be
written into the platform, but he
told Chicago businessmen that the
convention delegates should pick a
candidate whose record shows be-
yond doubt that he will carry out
this pledge to the American people"
Three Of the resolutions committee
witnesses struck at the candidacy Of
G. o. p. presidential nominee Wen
dell L. Willkie. Murray recalled that
the sixth circuit court Of appeals had
decided that one Of WILKES firms,
Consumers Power Co., In Michigan,
had violated the Wagner labor re-
lations act.
DR.. John r. B. Carruthers, Pasa-
dena, Calf, chairman of the Ma.
tional Business Research Bureau,
Inc, charged that Willkie repre-
sents O greater threat to the eco
nomic democracy of the United
States than any candidate the Re-
publicans could have chosen"
Willkie, as former head of Com
monwealth & Southern Corp, was
scored by Maurice P. Davidson, New
York state power authority trustee,
who said 1910 issues should cover
public versus private ownership and
operation of electric power.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-07-13
MISS FARRAR TO BE
SPEAKER THURSDAY

The Womens Social Study Club
Of the Pearl Street Neighborhoo<l
House held its regular monthly
meeting Thursday afternoon at the
home Of Mrs. J. Halle, on Simsbury
street. Fourteen members attended
The guest speaker was Miss Mar
garet Bull, Of Corner House asso-
citation. She told how Corner
House began, and discussed with
the members Of the study club the
various aspects OF the present pro-
gram.
The announcement was made at
the meeting that there viii be a
reception for the mothers Of chill
dren under - years old at the
Neighborhood House next Thursday
at $3.50 p. m. Miss Mary w. Parrar
Of the v. N. a. win speak On How
Mothers May Best Meet the Needs
Of Pre-school and Primary Chill.
dren."
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-07-13
''Sit Downers" Oppose
Roosevelt Nomination
CONTINUED From Page u

evidently feels that he would not
continue as campaign director and
keep good faith with himself.
He was asked at his press confer
ence yesterday whether the latest
enacted Hatch 'clean politics" bill
would affect any delegates to this
convention. The bill would prohibit
most political activity except voting,
to state employees paid with federal
funds.
"Never having read the Hatch act
either No. One or No. Two" Farley
replied, II wouldn't know"
An evening paper said Farley
will take q walk"
To "how about it?" ne replied:
Everybody who knows anything
about me knows Jim Farley is q
Democrat"
He will vote for the ticket next
November although IL is doubtful
that he will make any campaign
effort In its behalf II Mr.. Roosevelt
is nominated again.
That Is a form of political sit
down strike which would maintain
no ~ awe 1lfa 1oSanp yAa1itino1 raas,Ia si
hut ss,i .hort ~. ~ tie ..r,sita +sSsn y,
1eas Nv Nv 1 Aifred y smith n ,,rntast
against Mr. PooseveIt,s secord nom
nation
Mass neysyates yeava
Boston, July -. - Cup - With
all but two OF their "a votes pledged
to Postmaster General James J
Ear,ev IN event PRESIDENT Roosevelt,
decl,nes a third term the Massa.
ch,,setts DELEGATION to the Demo.
cratic National Convention entrained
far ' Cti;caro totsv
An LEAR snecial train carrvino
the 70 DELEGATES. 70 alternates and
several score ,,artv uorterS was d,,e
srvs or dcs y Isss s stree s
Stat ion tooo,row nnorning
rhair,ran Wi,lian, n P,rke i'm.
Tor If ths stata ne,nocrat;c Connn;t.
tee discussing last nieht;s STRATEGY
r,setirr ir Poston der;ad re,,orts
that an attemnt would he made II
imnose the INIT r,,le on deleeates
Tornner f,overnor .Tosenh q civ
a deleOate-at-larpe and Attorney
.Josenh A scolponeu alternate
named by former Governor James
Ar rs,rev WHO WAS unable to AL
tend because Of a Leo Fracture sus-
tained IN a recent auto accident
we've the onlv anti-third termers in
tha deIecation Scolnoneti,s ACCENT
ance Of C,,rlev,s mace in the delera-
tion vestardav had heen internrefef,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-07-13
FURIOUS NAzl
ATTACKS AGAIN
Continued from Page u

Twenty.four high explosive bombs
and more than 100 incendiary bombs
were dropped near a northeast Eng
land village this morning. =
One person was killed and two
were wounded in q Welsh town.
But Naxis Are Paying
The German attacks were costly
ones, the air ministry said. claiming
that nine boinbers had been shot
down yesterday by British Spittire
and Hurricane fighter planes, that
o 10th was shot down by o plane
Of the coastal command and that
the 18th was shot down by anti
aircraft gun fire. In addition nu-
merous German planes had been
damaged.
Four bombers Of q squadron Of 10
which attacked a shipping convoy
of the east coast Of England were
shot down. Later two bombers at
tackled the same convoy and one was
shot down and the other damaged.
One plane Of three which attacked
other shipping was shot down In
flames. Spitfires downed q big Helm
KEEL bomber over Aberdeenshire, Scot
land.
There seemed growing confidence
in the efficiency of Britain,s defense
against air raids, and belief was
expressed that II Germany lost so
many planes In comparatively minor
attacks she might find 1t difiicult
to keep replacing crews In big
scale action.
British planes continued their
daily attacks on German bases in
France, Belgium. Holland and Ger
many. Barge concentrations, sea-
planes and harbor works were dam
aged IN q raid on Boulogne, France:
ardromes were bombed In Holland
and munitions works, blast furnaces
and other military detectives were
bombed In Germany.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-07-13

4NNOlkb4lluCQ 6dkG ~
may swiftly seek to conclude a nom
aggression pact with Japan.
Divert Japan Away
The object Of that would be to de
vert Japan away from the interior
of Asia toward the South Pacific
and to free Russia Of the possibility
Of simultaneous involvement In Eu-
rope and the Far East.
Meantime, the Soviet Union Is
making a major effort to strengthen
her far eastern position.
In Vladivostok I saw a 100 lner.
chant ships of all kinds. In the ma
val port there were 30 Soviet war
ships, including a small squadron
of new light cruisers and many
large destroyers of about 1500-tons.
I saw many submarines go out each
day for practice maneuvers in the
six days 7 was there.
The hills around Vladivostok are
strongly fortified and companies Of
soldiers were at work every day re-
inforcing these positions.
On my train going east were large
numbers of naval and military off,
GERS. There were also groups of
workmen and technicians going to
the. maritime provinces under three
year contracts with very favorable
terms.
For Boom Towns"
They were headed for the 'boom
towns" which are springing up al
most overnight throughout the re-
gion. They said that the growth Of
the towns and cities in the past
four years had been almost unbe-
lievable.
I found that the Russians have
completed a number Of important
feeder lines 70 the Trans-Siberian
Railroad.
I found O tremendous trafic on
the trans-S Siberian Railroad all the
way from Moscow to Vladivostok. I
clicked freight trains as they passed
by and found that we passed one on
the average Of every 20 minutes for
the whole To-day route. Everywhere
new towns and cities were rising In
the steppe country and further east.
Many Of them have large factories
and ! saw building activities going
forward IN evcFdIovsk. NovosibirsS.
IFkutsk, ohita. Birobldjan. Kharba.
rosk and Vladiyostok.
] saw more than 20 trains Of 90
cars each loaded with trucks. tanks
artillery and ainbulances heading
for the maritime province Of East.
ern siberia. And there probably was
more military supplies moving east
II closed freight cars and N trains
which We passed ct night.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-07-13

and constructed before the airplane
became a weapon In warfare. They
are especially prominent from the
air, to planes on missions Of observ-
alton or reconnaissance, either Wis
ual or Photographic. Because they
were located and constructed to
Withstand fire from ships ct sea,
they are very vulnerable to attack
from the air.
We find the coast defenses Of the
northeast deficient In the following
respects.
Guns-Heavy gun batteries Of
limited range exist in considerable
numbers. These are generally In
good mechanical condition. Some
would require few days to be
placed In firing condition. Some few
are in need Of new parts. Many Of
them are Of short range, but even
so, the range Is equal to the prob
able visibility generally existing in
this region. A few long range mod
ern batteries exist.
Ammunition-In general, the guns
are well supplied with ammunition.
which is stored in well protected
magazines.
Protection-The guns are in gen.
eral, well protected from fire from
the sea, but not at all from bombs
from planes. The latest types of
guns are almost unprotected from
fire from either sea or air.
Camoufiage
Camoufiage-One particularly no
ticeable feature connected with the
coast defenses included in our
itinerary was the almost total alb
sence Of any attempt at camoudage.
From the air these concrete scars
on the landscape are very noticeable
and We believe are unnecessary. We
believe every effort should be made
to conceal the gun enplacements,
magazines, tracks, observation
points etc. We believe in this con-
nection, rummy emplacements, only
partially hidden should be employed
and that the position Of the guns
and other installations should be
kept masked as long as possible.
Observation and Fire Control
The observation posts were in no
SasS RAVtSttG0 AAQAA4 0tt&SA &AQtAA
either sea or air. Some of the most
modern guns are lacking In equip
ment to direct and control their
fire.
Anti-Aircraft Except for q very
few mobile regiments stationed at
the harbor detenses at their time,
the anti-aircraft defense Of the gun
batteries consists Of obsolescent
guns. poorly placed 70 meet modern
attack methods and totally lacking
In modern fire control equipment.
Air fields IN the area are few IN
number and, except those IN the
larger metropolitan areas Of Boston
and New York. are too small TO ae-
commodate large planes.
Mines-The control mines 70 be
planted and operated by the army
exist IN fair quantities. but cable
and other control equipment are N
poor condition or nonresident. There
Is need for more mine plnmtefs,
personnei-In very few o. these
forts Is there any force except q
careiaklng farce, which 4 made
quafe even for ihier purpose, Pro-
VInlons are made for this force 70
be supplemented. IN case Of 81 en-
Urgency. By National Guard troops,
bpt & the emergency wsre not pre-
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-07-13
ITALIAN PLANES
SPLIT UP BRITISH
Continued from Page -

CONTINUED from Page -
planes, striking at the British fieet
from bases In southern italy, Libya
and the eastern Mediterranean,
continued to bomb naval formations
which had been sighted and bombed
Thursday.
Two British airplanes were shot
down in an air battle over Malta,
the communique said.
Asserting that italian troops had
captured the British frontier post Of
Moyale. In East Africa, the COM
munique said that British counter
attacks had been repulsed.
Four British pursuit planes were
shot down in air battles In the same
region, It was added.