davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-06-19
WOMAN,S REALM
KEEP YOUR COSTUMES IN CHARACTER
WITH THE ROLE YOU PLAY in LIFE
Chic Woman Suits Clothes To Her Background
ny MARIAN YOUNG
NEA Service star Correspondent

al equality o.
q
don cachh TIT IN 10 &c
20
Of
n N short
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-06-19
Caroline
Chatfield
Avoid the Well Of Self Pity and Loneliness.
Says Today


Avoid the Well Of Self Pity and Loneliness.
Yesterday speaking temptation age
departing lob
when realizes she's not holding her husband when the children
sport od-fogy notions when the
ana daughters get married. leave home and regae
background Of their lives.
Ger apple "agabs" smSsssIon 20 ef-
pity when she looked Into The Garden Of Eden and
We fall hrst In minds stand bravey
dsapponmen bessnRs
We look envou Of those about appear
the send Of thanks
they could DO with We greyng We use
the bueng TO keep from being grey 10 look the
mirror we look longer and overtime
We lei the mind We crowd them out with
every We scod the addict husbands
sorrows dignity
make the best Of bad bargain We resign ourselves chill
pseve cynical friend
rsaoub efforts 10 keep the remaining friendships intact
We call parenthood children marry
the Of the couldn't supply their demands for he length
Of their days.
can't
going the world We OF physical
inactivity keep the old muscles at until the angels
for U.s.
Asssble" would avoid the Of sefplsy
ne DO first Of oil inside Job Keep the mind active
the the cocked che hands instead
rng gripping yeu somebody
can't And somebody hnd some things cat dog
CAROLINE CHATFlELD
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-06-19

RumaniA's foreign trade 4 treat
or than before the European war.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-06-19

We atrophy
heads read and listen and learn what
going world We ourselves physical
inactivity the old muscles at until the angels
for
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1940-06-19

We call parenthood . sell.eut because our chi
leave us after We have given our lives 10 them vi
they have found happiness and are longer depend
In the nature Of the case, couldn't supply their demai
Of their days.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1940-09-12
Our Greatest Entertainment Year Is Here!

signed the that guarantee you the GREAlESl
MOVIE SEASON hstory And we promise you the finest motion
Famous
comedy
tragedy grand parade of the
FL @oea motion all
Henderson daily dispatch., 1940-09-12

College Station. Raleigh. Sept: -.
Amos Butler. ( farmer who lives
near ReidSville IN Rockingham coun-
". has decided that tlue-cured to-
bacco doesn't belong in the "prlma
donna" class in which 80 many farm
ers place il. ". D. Lee. Extension SOL
conSeyvationiSt OF the State College.
reports. Lee says thai Nj. Butler Is
growing good tobacco and conserving
his soil a: the same time. which some
farmers say : impossible.
The average tobacco farmer Will
tell YOU that the leaf crop IS tenn
peramental: that il won't lit INTO 4
rotation where a leguMle is used: that
the rows have 70 run up and down
the hill 50 that the tobacco won't get
wet feet That : not exactly true,
and Mr.. Butler has proved it, the
converSationiSt declared.
Lee said that the Rockingham far
naer has been cooperating with the
Soil Conservation Service, and three
wears ago he started q strip rotation
Mluding redtop tor TWO years. and
found that his tobacco was much bet
ter in quality. THICKER and o. better
body than any he had ever grown
Henderson daily dispatch., 1940-09-12
Henderson Theatres 10
Present Screens Best
In The Next Two Months

with pride to Henderson three inc
theatres. which are moaeFn 'Uo
comfortable. present the biggest al
reactions when they are shown IL
reasonable admission prices.
Among the outstanding pictures ~
NO presented soon in Henderson are
Snch hits as Boom Town, starring
Clark Gable. Spencer Tracy. Claude'te
Colbert and Hedy LAMAR; brig
har Young starring Tyrone Power
and Linda Darnell: BinG Cr"SoH.
Mary Martin and Oscar l.eNan( IN
"Bhvthm on the River: Lum ana
Abncy. with host OF stage, screen
and radio stars in "Dreaming GU,
Loud; Mickey Rooney and JUDY
Garland in Strike Up the Band ;
Norma Shearer and Robert Taylor IN
Ethel Vance'S Escape: The Flow
,rds Of Virginia" with Cary Grant
and Martha Scott: Myrna 10y ana
MELVIN Douglas in Third Finger.
Lett Hand: Gary Cooper and Made
Iejne Carroll in Cecil B. DeNlllleS
Nor: ~, tolIc' b"I'
Ameche ana Betty Cradle in Down
Argentine Way: and "Nirginia' with
Fred MaclIurray and Madeleine Car
roll.
All of these outstanding pictures
will be shown in Henderson WITHIN
the next month or two.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1940-09-12

year. On this basis, the Henderson
high school gained two teachers and
the Henderson elementary schools
lost two. Zcb Vance and Aycock
schools each lost ore teacher for this
wear. and Townsville gained one.
In the first seven grades OF the
Henderson city schools there are no
new teachers this year, that, is all
members of the faculty were en-
ployed last year. Only two vacancies
occurred in the Henderson high
school faculty, both by designations
Henderson daily dispatch., 1940-09-12
Rockingham County Farmer
Disproves Tobacco Theory

He used the same kind and amount
of fertilizer as before.
Many farmers who once regarded
soil loss on tobacco land necessary
evil are starting to terrace. cultivate
on the contour, and plant redtop and
rye in rotation with their tobacco
thus keeping the soil covered with
vegetation to prevent erosion during
the fall and winter the Extension
specialist declared.
Like Mr.. Butler. farmers feel well
reraid for the extra effort it requires
to prepare the land in the spring be-
cause they improve the quality OF
the tobacco they are raising, and at
the same time save their soil
Henderson daily dispatch., 1940-09-12

school transportation in the county.
There have been only two wrecks,
and no one was seriously hurt in
either There has never been a
fatality.
2,465 Children Transported.
The transportation service last
year handled an average daily Of
52S high school and l,2l6 elcmen-
tary children for white schools, 4
total of 1,744; and 203 high school
and 5l8 elementary school colored
children were transported daily, on
the average, total of 72l. The total
of white and colored children trans
ported was a daily average of O.
465. The cost Of school bus operation
for the entire county was Sl2,633,
provided by the State. T.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1940-09-12

for marriage, and both these Vacan-
cies have been filled.
33 School Buses.
Five new school buses have been
furnished to Vance county this year,
making a total of 33. TWenty-three
of these are used to transport white
children and ten to transport colorcd
children. Five old buses were dis
carded.
All buses transporting white chill
dren are driven by students. There
has never been serious accident in
Henderson daily dispatch., 1940-09-12
Nearly $500 Trans
ported In 33 Buses

Continued from Page One)
age attendance was ISL. The grand
total for the rural schools was 3.l58.
For all schools, white and colored
city and county, the average daily
Henderson daily dispatch., 1940-09-12

attendance was 6,349.
Total of POS Teachers.
There were 81 white and 80 col
orcd teachers in the city school Sys-
tenn last wear. and So white and II
culorcd teachers in the county Sy$-
tenn. or Il grand total of POS. City and
rural white schools had 1l9 teachers
ard city and rural schools had Sc
teachers.
Attendance records during the year
determined the number Of teachers
for each school during the coming
Henderson daily dispatch., 1940-09-12

Johnston county leads The state in
the number of hens OF laying age,
with 174.54O on January |, 1910, the
State Department of Agriculture re-
ports in the 1910 farm census.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-07-21
Oakland Finally Stops Seattle as
SaIveson huns Shutout: Padres Win
boxing commission

was trying for his l7th win, was
changed with the defeat
I rs Angeles and San Francisco
split night double header that ran
into tie time limit at the end of
tn" sixth il. the niPhtcap. The Seals
won the first Is. coming from be-
hind after Los Angeles had a three
run lead Sam Gibson pitched the
win while julio Bonnetti and John
Full0l WORKED for the Angels. clch
side getting 10 hit.
Los Angeles took the abbreviated
second game, 4-3. San Francisco put
IN tlr2e runs il the second inning
"nd b"1an cOastim9.
Portland and Sacramento split
ii doublc-hcado". hut MANAGED to
beat tie clGck. The 5olons GOT the
first, G-2, with PORTLAND unable to
score until the last inning. Bill
Schmidt gave Portland nine hits
while Roy Rarroll yielded Sacramrn-
to H. Portland got even on the
Scvcn-inning niehtcap. 2-1, agan
rolling in two runs in the final
inning.
San Diego thmupad Hollywood,
II. >hoOing in four runs III the
''Xth inning. Dick Newsome kept
the stars der his thumb. giving
five hits. while the Padres were
pounding Hiram Bithorn and Lou
ToSt II times. Bithorn was charged
with the loss. having been rescued
in the disastrous sixth.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-07-21
BENCHW WARMING
by Burdette Kinne
Sports Editor

tenriS courts in the valley
Tennis leaders over there are
still commencing the splendid WORK
done by Bill Maxwell 81 FL Centre
in his night classes there . He
stimulated more interest in the
short space OF two months than tie
city has seen in twenty years. ac-
cording TO Roy Thompson. banker
by trade and public promoter No. !
Of Holtville when he has time .
Roy. by the way. was once Holt
ville's winningest softbail pitcher
He used a charge OF pace With
a spin bali delivery and recalls the
?ight he defeated the famous Lynn
Stewart in a mound dual Ihe
score was 3-2 -.
Walter Peacock. the X3un Sster
from Holtville who was hurt In a
softball game and then was The
benefitee IT game played IN
Holtville the other night is on i1s
way toward being the best shortstop
in the valley . He IS a smooth
fielder and a better than average
hitter .
Another youngster on his WAY up
in Holtville softball is Butch Walk
er. no relation. TO the T. S. Earl
and Marvins of Holtville fame .
He is a good fielder at present
needs some coaching in the art OF
batting
Imperial Valley press., 1940-07-21
Aussie Amateur
PAGES Field

CHICAGO, July 20. CUP)-There' S
an old golf adage that amateurs
don't win open championships
least not often and today the pick
of the nations professionals turned
on the heat to balk an amateur
slam in Chicago's $4,000 open.
Amateur Jim Ferrier, Australia S
greatest campaigner, led the field
as they headed into the second
round today and eight of the l8
who matched or bettered Tam O.
Shanter'S par 70 in the opening
round yesterday are amateurs.
Ferrier, who holds both the am
ateur and open championships of
Australia, set the pace with 34-32-
Sc, six under par, tying the course
record. The six foot four inch
strong man couldn't miss on the
greens.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-07-21
By HENRY McLEMORE

NEW YORK. July 20. CUP)-If
the official statisticianS are not up
to some prank, and the figures they
are giving out are on the square.
ther. the most surprising thing
about the current American league
race is that the Yankees are as
close to the leaders as they are.
The standings of the clubs as OF
breakfast time this morning have
the Yanks in fourth place, and
only games from the top. That
isn't a bad spot to be ir, what with
So more games to go. But how did
they manage to get SO close? What
did they use to win? And why have
MT the Clevelands. the DetroitS and
the Bostons pulled so far away that
even the stoutest sort of stretch
run by the world champions would
mt be enough to catch them?
These are the obvious questions
after a rundown of the figures
showing the American league lead
ers in the various phases of the
game. Take the individual batting
for example The list of leading
hitters used to read like a roll call
of the Yankee roster, but Joe Di-
Maggie is the only New York regu-
lar hitting above the 300 mark. And
he only recently managed to stagger
above the mark that separates good
hitterS from poor ones.
Then there is the little matter
of runs scored.
The Yanks don't have a man
among the leaders, anymore thar.
they do in the most hits, doubles,
triples, or stolen bases departments.
All of these departments are dom
mated by players from Detroit,
Boston and Cleveland.
Moreover, there isn't a Yankee
pitcher with a record that entities
him to place among the top tWirl-
ers of the league.
Still, as the standings show, the
Yankees are only a pitch and a
putt from the league lead What is
goirg to happen when the Yankees
finally start playing the baseball
they are capable Of? And it stands
to reason that this day isn't far off,
because hitters like Rolfe and Kel-
Ter ard Selkirk and Heinrich aren't
going to stay in a seaSon-long
slump, anymore than pitchers like
Ruffing ard Pearson and Russo and
Donald are going TO keep losing the
close ones. and keep being beaten
by pitchers with little more than
Wind-ups ard willing spirit.
The Yankees have showed signs
Of late that they are gradually
coming to life and are about ready
to apologize To their hackers for
their horrendous early season start.
Since Independscce Day the world
champions have played the best ball
of any team in the league, and
have moved at pace which, if
maintained for week or 50. will
put them in first place.
Orce on top the Yankees VIII be
Imperial Valley press., 1940-07-21

Centre stadium.
Hurst. the closest thing TO per-
petual motion the valley has to
offer. set down the Negro barn
stormerS with a single hit in the
first five innings of play. then eaSed
up To coast to a l2-4 win behind
the heavy hitting of his teammates.
The All-Stars. cheered on by the
LARGEST softball crowd of the sea-
son. went to work in the first in
ming to score four runs. then add two
more in the second when Pat Will
llams homered with Nevln House on
base. Three more runs in the fourth
inning put the game on ice and
Hurst eaSed up to give the barn
stormeYS their four tallieS.
Cauzza. Williams and House pac-
ed the All-Stars at bat and Ted
Sande2 turned in the finest fielding
exhibition of the night at short
stop.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-07-21
Commission Puts
ON. on Reinafch

NEW YORK. July 20. CUP1-
Only the formality of approval by
the New York boxing commission.
headed by Gen John j. Phelan. re-
NAMED today for return, non-title
l2-round bout between Lightweight
Champion Lew jenkins and Welter-
weight Champion Henry Armstrong
10 be scheduled for Mad's son Square
Garden. Sept. 27 Armstrong knock
ed out jenkins in the sixth round
of their fight Wednesday night al
The Polo Grounds.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-07-21
Sport Shots

Turn back the sport pages OF I'M
perial Valley Is years. take quick
trip TO Holtville Softball diamond, and
you'll see a cnap cavortine on the
diamond who is still a favorite
among the fans -. It's Hoyle
Priest. all-star catcher. who snll
rates as the best backstop in the
valley -.
E3yle started playing city league
softball in Holtville some Is years
ago . He did some pitching, play
ed outfield and eventually shifted TO
catcher where he became one Of
the best in the nation -.
He accompanied the Wiley all
stars TO the Chicago tournament ca
the transforming trip in 1886 , =.
And down through Texas, Louisiana.
Georgia Florida, ard other eastern
points they're still talking about a
big chap who accompanied the Cali
fornia team He hit the longest
home run this park ever saw,
they'll tell you =.
Then in the Chicago tournament.
he nearly tore down the wall OF
Soldier field with one CT his blows
and bit three additional round
Today Hoyle is still hitting the
ball against tough pitching
He doesn't hit quite so many home
runs, but pitchers would still rather
toss EN- at any other member OF
the all-star team wheE. chips are
on the line and a home run is need
ed =.
The valley has turned out a lot
of great softball players, good catch
ers among them. but mention back
stops to a valley softball fan and
you must mention Hoyle Priest first
They don't come better
HOyIe Priest First -.
The playground setup over Holt
Vile way is the best in the valley
and might serve as an example
for other cities . Included m
the system is a softball diamond,
basketball courts. handball courts.
shuffleboard and the best lighted
Imperial Valley press., 1940-07-21
Coronado Girls
ToPIayh Here
Tuesday Night

Coronado girls Softball team,
which rates itself as one OF the ma
tons finer ball CLUBS, will invade
FL Centro to play the Ell Centro
girls on Tuesday night, according
to Lefty Walters. manager of the
valley team.
The Coronadoans. who are open
ing a one month tour in the game
against the Ell Centrans plan to
attend the national softball tour
nament in September.
El Centro girls prep for the Tues
day game tonight and Sunday night
against National City on the coast
diamond.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-07-21
Today's Sport Parade

tough customers to dislodge. They
have the balance for a tough pull
down the stretch, and the others
haven't The Red Sox never have
had the kind of pitching it takes
for a long haul, and Detroit is in
sorry way since Buck Newsoms
thumb lost a decision to thrown
ball. AS for Cleveland-well, the
spirit isn't there. If the Indians
were rebellious early in the seas
on. when the pressure wasn't or,
how can they be expected to present
a solid, winning front, when the
goirg gets tough and the heat goes
on? They'll probably wind-up in a
free for-all, with the players bang
ing Manager Oscar Witt over the
head with their rattles, lollipops
and bibs.
A reasonable guess is that the
Yankees and the Reds-the two
really balanced clubs in the ma
jors-Wll meet again in the series
with Derringer and Ruffing working
the first game.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-07-21
L. A. LIVESTOCK

Los ANGELES. July 20. UP)-
Hogs saleable 100. steady; good 17O-
2lU ID. Californias 7.50-770: actual
top 10 but choice lights lacking.
over and underwent 81; packing
SOwE $50.
Cattle saIeable goo; steady on lin
iteu supply; few slaughter steers
S.5U-lO 20; few feeders 7-7.50; hai-
fers lacking; cows 5.75-6.6b: odd
hea dt1 Z; Gamers and cutters 4
$50; bulls G.5O-7.4O; few down TO s.
calves saleable 100; steady; few
vealeTs 9.5U-Il; choice lacking;
calves G-S, better grades lacking.
sheep saleable 25; steady; few
medium 50 lb wOoled lambs $50;
good and choice quoted to J59:
good wooded ewes 4; few short
wOoied 350-3.SO good sho.n ew.s
quoted around 3.75
Imperial Valley press., 1940-07-21
L. A. PRODUCE

Los ANGELES. July 20. GUP)-
Trading showed some improvement.
CantaloupeS, beans, peas, cauli-
flower. yellow corn, cucumbers and
red cabbage were slightly stronger.
Figs, dozen lettuce and peaches
were slightly weaker. Onions were
DUH to slightly weaker. Other com
modities were mostly dun TO steady.
Bunched vegetables: beets 75-9Oc
carrots sO-65c; celery root 90-$1 90 :;
Dixon $4,000; green onions $50
S1.75; Leeks Sl.00; mustard 40-50c
parsley 3O-50c; radishes 60-75c;
spinach 6O-75c; turnips 60-75c.
Cantaloupes: Hales best local std
1Gs-24s SI.10-Sl.15; 27s $1.00-$1.10
Tip tops std 12s-16s 70-75c: ho-
neydews jumbo 27s-36s S5-$ 81 90:
honeyballs jumbo 27s-36s $l.00-l %
Japanese melons jumbo l6s-1Ss so
Sl.UU.
Tomatoes: eaHianaS lugs 5xos and
5XGs 25-5Oc; 6x6s 7o=4Oc; San Diego
5x5S and 5XGs 25-iOc: stones 4x5s
iO-GOc
PonderOsas local 4x5s and 5x5s 75-
S1.OO.
Watermelons: KIondikes and
stripes best $l2.00-$13.0O.
Miscellaneous: artichokes Guada
lupe ASS sos $2OO-$ $2.25; box cherries
LDmpOC royal annes 13-l4c.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-07-21
Tony zaIe Stops
Hostak in 18th

SEATTLE. july 20. CUPD- Tough
Tony Yale Of Chicago beat down AL
IIostak Of Seattle III l3 rounds last
night and carried 46 states for
election rs world mlddlcWeight
champion.
The former feel worker stood off
HOStak'S auddrn-death attack in
the earl" rounds and went ON to
win easily tn" National Boxing as
socla)ion title that is recognized in
every state but New York and Cali
fornia.
Referee Benny Leonard stopped
the fight at l;20 of the 18th when
HoStak crumpled to the floor twice
under Ialc's crunching kidney wal
lOpS. Halc weighed 1873. HoStak 1881,
Imperial Valley press., 1940-07-21
Hogue Battles
Crouch 10 Draw

SAN DIEGO, July 20-Bigboy
Hogue, Jacumba middleweight. bat
tied George Crouch, Negro sensa-
ton, to a ten round draw in the
main event at the coliseum Friday
night.
Hogue lost the first two rounds.
but rallied in the late stanzas to
earn an even break in the bout. A
rematch was hinted in two weeks.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-07-21
12Horses Enter
Hollywood Event

INGLEWOOD, Cal, July 20.
tUP)-Twelve of the tleeteSt three
year olds in the west go over the
Hollywood Derby's mile and quar-
ter today but to all intents and
purposes the race will be between
only two.
When the red coated bugler calls
the field to the post at Hollywood
Park today Charles S. Howard's
Oregon bred Mioland and H. G.
HIPS SWeepida are expected to rule
heavy public favoriteS.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-07-21
NEW YORK STOCKS

NEW YOR July 70. IVPJ-
Stocks fluctuated narrowly today
with volume around the lightest
since World war days. Prices were
irregular.
Traders awaited German drive
on Britain on the basis of Hitler'S
speech yesterday.
business news continued favor
able.
DOW Jones preliminary closing
stock averages. Industrial, l2l sc.
OFF U32; rail. - 2G. off Ola; utility,
~ 80. Off Ola. and G5 stocks. +l.o'
Off u.1E.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-07-21
CHICAGO GRAINS

CHICAGO, July %. OUPD Wheat
futures turned easy today after Il
fairly steady start. Corn was steady
TO easy.
Wheat closed = to L. cents low
er, July 73ls corn Was down e.. 10
X cent. July G22. oats unchanged
to 3. cent lower, July 80 b, and rye
5s to 2. cent lower. July I2is. SOY
beans closed up 4 cent, July 84i2.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-07-21
Bell Signed to
Loyoia Staff

NORWOOD. Pa, July 20. up
Marty Brill, football coach at Loyo-
la university in Los Angeles. today
announced appointment OF Alex
Bell, former Villanova star. as line
coach at the Pacific coast instltu-
ton.
Bell tried out with the Detroit
Lions and then Joined the Los
Angeles Bulldogs in 1888 Last year
he was employed al the Douglas
Aircraft factory in California.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-07-21
BY UNITED PRESS

Second-place Oakland last night
stopped Seattle's winning streak,
40, and cut the Pacific coast league
leaders down to a l0-game lead.
Jack Salveson kept the RaincrS
at bay although he allowed seven
hits against the six his team got off
Hal Turpin and Ira Scripner. The
Oaks pushed in runs il the fourth
and fifth and tied ribbon On it
with two more in the eighth.
The game halted Seattle's winning
tantrum at nine games. Turpin, who
Imperial Valley press., 1940-07-21
l.. A. STOCKS

Los ANGLLES July 70. IVPI-
Stocks on the Los Angeles STOCK
Exchange moved sluggishiy today
with four issues advancing trac-
tions and six remaining unchanged
in appro Ximale trading volume Of
1900 shares. Globe Grain and Mill
ing l2a. up Il Pacific clay pro
ducts 600 shares at 3as unchanged; {;
Consolidated steel common 5 y un-
changed; Richiield unchanged: A:
Bandini petroleum unchanged.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-07-21
Merchants Make
Bid For Crown

Imperial Merchants will make a
bid to reenter the second half city
league softball race Monday night
when they meet Holtville's luckless
diamondeers in Ell Centre stadium.
On Wednesday night, the Elks and
Seeley ball clubs, tied for the league
lead, will clash in a game which
may determine the second half
winner.
LOOP standings:
Imperial Valley press., 1940-07-21
GOLFERS PREP FOR
PUBLINX TOURNEY

DETROIT, July 20. (UP)-The
vanguard of group of 1872 amateur
golfers from every section of the
country was in Detroit today for
practice rounds for the 10Th an
nual public links golf championships
starting Monday.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-07-21

Runs batted in-JohnSOn BOlden,
Kinne. .. Cauzza, House, Williams,
?. Ritter EhnNle. Home Runs-Wil-
liamS. TripleS-Kinne. Doubles
Vanderver. BOlden. Kinne, Ehmke,
House. Struck out by Hurst, 7, by
Hack. ). Rogers 3. Walked by Hurst
3. by Hack 5, by Rogers 3, Um-
pires. Patterson and Smyer.