davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-02-11

Library, and that both she and her
husband were charges upon the pub
lie in their declining days and were
buried In potter's field. Their home
which stood near the G street side
Of the square, where was their gar
den-was a two-room cabin, one
room above the other, the lower
Of brick and the upper Of frame.
In an account written by James
Clephane in 1876 this early resident
Of Washington had this to say about
Orr and his wife:
MY first acquaintance with this
man was in 1921. I had erected
two frame buildings at the corner
of Eighth and G streets. directly
opposite to his cabin, which stood
on the public square. In going to
and coming from his orchard he
had to pass my house. At first
he only gave me a silent salute as
he passed. but at length became
somewhat more familiar.
Zone day he called on me to tell
me of a trick the boys had played
him. He said he always carried his
musket to the orchard when his
fruit was ripe to frighten boys who
were stealing his fruit. When en-
gagged in digging, he placed his mus
ket on the ground. These chaps had
Evening star., 1940-02-11

Of Ale1andu ArHnaou ~ r-

Capital. under the law Of primo
geniture prevailing in the Province
Of Maryland at the time of the
death of his father. This, of course,
cut out his brothers and sisters
and vested all the property in the
senior Burnes.
James Burnes, brother Of David,
had family Of four sons and one
daughter. their names being Thomas,
Moses, Billy and Trueman, and the
daughters name was probably Re-
becca. Hines says: "Trueman mar
ried and, as I understood, had a
pretty large family Of children. Some
family difficulties arose and finally
separation took place between
them. At length, as age and in
f1rmities increased, Trueman be-
came an inmate of the poorhouse,
where, four or five years since, he
died at an advanced age. Whatever
became of Trueman's brothers I
have never heard, but suppose
they are all dead"
Rebecca's Marriage.
AS to Rebecca, the supposition is
she married John Orr, whose farm
or garden included the site of the
old Patent Off1ce, at Ninth and F
streets NV, and at one time ex-
| tended as far north as the Public
Evening star., 1940-02-11

Working with present materials, the
failures are less than per cent.
However, more difficulties are ex-
pected as the work progresses, since
further experimentation will deal
with types of material that hereto
fore have defisd all attempts at
preservation"
DR.. Sando has served the Depart
ment Of Agriculture as q scientist
for "a years-12 years with the
Bureau of Plant Industry and the
rest of the time with the Bureau
of Chemistry and Soils, which
recently became the Bureau of
Agricultural Chemistry and En-
cheering. He started his scientific
career at the University of Mary
land and later took up post graduate
work at the University of Michigan.
As for Mr.. Fessenden-prior to
joining the bureau several years ago,
he conducted q series of private
tests, over q period of 13 years, in
the preservation of flower specimens.
Recently he was granted a patent
on his process for preserving the
natural color of flowers and leaves,
free use Of which is now assigned
to the Government. He Is q graduate
of Harvard University.
Hundreds of specimens, all star
tlingly lifelike in form and color,
have been mounted by both Of the
new methods. Outstanding In DR..
Sando's collection are . cockscomb
flower. tarantula spider, q rattle
snake head, the bones of human
hand and wrist, and q four century
old ear Of corn exhumed from the
grave Of an Inca warrior. The snake
head shows the opened fangs SEEM
ingly ready to release the death.
dealing venom. Those fangs repre-
sent Natures first hypodermic nee-
die. The prehistoric grain is one Of 70
specimens which make up collec-
ton Of Peruvian corns that is con-
sidered one of the best in the United
States.
Mr.. Fessenden's mounts include
rare orchids, pansies, gentians,
cherry blossoms from the Tidal
Basin; water lilies ana quite q mum.
Der of snowy garden flowers. Work
also has been done In preserving .
vide variety Of growing things, rang
ing all the way from the previously
unpreserved colored sugar cane to
leaves OF plants and trees Of eco
romic value showing symptoms Of
disease or insect infestation. A
striking example is the tobacco mo-
sale virus, which exists In 4 number
Of forms. A like situation exists In
the case Of white pine blister rust,
Evening star., 1940-02-11

number 43 were natives Of the Dis
trict of Columbia, 48 of Virginia and
Al of Maryland, with New York
coming next. At this time there
were more than 49, 1895 native WASH
ingtonians residing here and, no
doubt, up-to-date figures will show
that the ratio of non-natives oc-
cupying our charitable institutions
has not decreased since then. And
yet this condition is liable to con-
tinue indefinitely so long as the
District is not represented in Con-
gress by men of its own selection.
When the Federal Government
moved to this city it brought paupers,
or at least some of those who ex-
pected to get rich and subsequently
became paupers-the result being
the same. Pauper No. lit the facts
are as stated-was a man referred
to by Mrs. Anna Maria Thornton,
in her diary for September IS, 1900,
where she wrote of visiting the
Presidents House with her husband,
DR.. William Thornton, architect Of
the original Capitol. After break
FAST" she says, II took Mrs. Dick
g. Miss Price to see the Capitol &
rode round by the point, as we re-
turn'd called at the ONCE & asked
DR.. T. to go do the Presidents
House with us, which he did, and
then. came home with us.-He
stopped DR.. May as he was passing
and took him to see a poor sick man
who was laying out Of doors under a
tree, nobody being willing to take
him in, lest he might have the yel-
low fever. He came from Alexandra,
where it is said there has been some
cases s.-Dr. T. got him put into the
new stable built for the President
he is very ILL.,"
In Mrs. Thornton's diary for Sep
tember 18, 1900, she reported: The
man died this evening""
One of the earliest paupers in the
District, according to Christian
Hines, was Trueman Burnes, nephew
of David Burnes, pioneer landowner
Of Washington, whose daughter
married John p. Van Ness, mayor
of this city from 1830-1834 and
Representative in Congress from
New York, 1801-1803. Through his
father, Judge Peter Van Ness, and
his brother, Gov. Cornelius p. Van
Ness, at one time a collector of the
port of New York, he was related to
many of the foremost families of
the Empire State.
David Burnes, so the story goes,
inherited his vast estate, which be-
came of considerable value when
Washington was selected for the
Evening star., 1940-02-11
Science Preserves Brilliant Colong World

Philadelphia, and it is expected that
it will be exhibited later In other
cities.
In appearance, the transparent
blocks are remindful of finest glass
ware polished to a gem-like bril-
lance Actually, they are composed
of an unbreakable plastic material
that is clearer than glass; Explains
DIR. Sando:
For something like two years
three assistants, Mr.. Fessenden and
I have been working on new preser-
vation methods. We are willing to
admit that today we are still pio-
neering, for there are many imper-
fections to eliminate in our finished
products, and further fields to ex-
plore in the way of application to
q wider range of materials. But we
are confident that we really have
opened up new field of research,
the permanent preservation of the
original color and structure of agri-
cultural materials, including not
only flowers, leaves and fruits, but
seeds, insects and other entomology
cal specimens. Eventually, it may
also be possible to preserve animal
and human anatomical and patho-
logical specimens, but success in this
direction will require hard work and
infinite patience.
"The new plastic method employed
in the mounting Of specimens per-
mits them to be incased intact in
q solid, slass-clear material which
may be machined and polished to
q high luster. Since the specimens
so prepared are three dimensional,
retaining their natural shape, size
and color, and are exceptionally clear
and brilliant in appearance, making
it possible to view them from any
angle, there is little doubt they will
possess considerable value in scien-
tific research and for exhibition and
other educational purposes"
Mr.. Fessenden's revolutionary
method of preserving botanical
specimens aims primarily at holding
the natural color in plant material
that ordinarily Is subject to quick
fading and deterioration. This is
accomplished by a complex series of
chemical treatments which tend to
set the natural colors and tougher
the tissues.
Most biological specimens studied
in the laboratory or classroom have
heretofore been dry. colorleSS and
fragile. Now, for the first time. fresh
fruit and vegetable sections can be
preserved not only In a permanent,
unchangable form, but In al their
original color and structure.
II q now possible to maintain IN
Evening star., 1940-02-11

he had seen who had MIXED the
COW. He hesitated for some time
before telling me. Indeed, have,
sir!' he finally said. 1T was large
black snake. But you must not tell
anybody, as the old woman would
not be able to sell her milk.
Just as I was about to remove
from this part Of the city to Capitol
Hill he called on me in a very agi-
tated state, with tears glistening in
his eyes. Some one had taken down
large piece of his fence on Seventh
street, which nearly cut his orchard
into two parts. I promised to make
some inquiry into this matter. I as
certained that this lot had been sold
by Gen. Van Ness to clerk in the
post offce, and I went to the gen.
eral about the matter, but he did
not treat me with much consider
alton.
This was the commencement Of
the old mans troubles. Burnes,
the original owner of this part of
the city, had died, and Van Ness,
having married his daughter, be-
came through her heir to q large
estate. In a few months, after
disposing of this lot on Seventh
street, he sold the western lot on
Ninth street, which took in the fruit
trees and the cultivated part of the
orchard. This now entirely deprived
Orr Of the means of gaining iveli-
hood and practically drove him to
despair. He would look over his
orchard and throw himself on the
ground and there he would lie till
his wife would find him, taking him
up like a child.
This misfortune was the fatal
blow which terminated his exist
ence Before I had heard Of his
death he was buried by the cor
poration In a pauper's grave
'The working people in the new
Patent Office voluntarily erected q
small cabin for the widow, into
which she was carried, as her cabin
had to be removed, and where she
fingered but a short time. She was
inferred near her husbands grave
Early Problem.
The problem of caring for the poor
began in Washington as early as
1901, as indicated by the fact that
an old frame building in judiciary
Square, erected by the City Com
missioners as a hospital, was pur-
chased and used as a home for the
i'll and destitute at this time.
However, prior to purchasing this
old building the City Council di-
rected that memorial be forwarded
to Congress asking that it grant a
lease, not q gift, of public lots OF
Evening star., 1940-02-11
Bv James Nevin Miller.

A recent visitor to Washington,
while being shown through the De-
partment of Agriculture, came upon
an exhibition that made him think,
for a moment, that he might be
in a museum of natural history.
- The display-arranged on wall
panels and in showcases-contained
a curious conglomeration of seeds,
worms, bugs, flowers and other
things, each specimen looking as
natural and colorful as If it were
alive and in its native habitat.
There was a giant beetle nearly 3
inches long, sparkling with beauti-
full lridescence and tinted in most
of the colors of the spectrum; q
spray of wheat measuring fully 10
inches in length; numerous richly
colored ears of corn grown in Peru,
and a highly priced South Ameri-
can butterfly.
All these objects, glittering with
the brillance of precious stones In
a jewelers. window, were encased
in transparent blocks of a glass
clear plastic. The effect to the
casual observer was as If the fiow-
ers, seed and insects were floating
through space.
In addition to the specimens
mentioned, there were other agricul-
tural materials sealed inside fiat
strips of cellulose Aim or mounted
directly on glass. Among these
were q section of q blood-red to-
mato; q slice of cleaning white
apple; an enormous, golden-yellow
daffodil; autumn leaves ranging In
shade from delicate green to deep
scarlet; pansies in all white we'll
known tints, and, most outstand-
ing of all, an orchid in royal purple
that looked as if it had just come
from the florists window.
What in the world are these
things?" asked the astonished visi-
tor.
His guide explained:
"They are insect and vegetable
jewels, latest discovery of Uncle
Sans chemical laboratories. They
are part of new agricultural preser-
vation methods-developed by DR.
Charles E. Sando, senior biochemist
OF the Bureau of Agricultural
Chemistry and Engineering, and
his associate, George r. Fessenden.
Specimens prepared by the Sande
and Fessenden processes Have Great
ed widespread interest and the bu.
reau has received innumerable re.
quests to exhibit them in other part,
OF the country. The collection
shown recently In the Agriculture
Department now Is on display II
Evening star., 1940-02-11

showing the fungus parasite in the
different life stages both on the pine
branches and on the wide current
and gooseberry leaves, which serve
as the alternate hosts for this devas-
tating pest.
Mr.. Fessenden uses the following
procedure in his patented, color
preservation process: First, he
makes sure that the material used
is IN q fresh, living condition. The
specimen is immersed in q treating
compound which is a complex chem
lcal mixture This treatment checks
the living functions and at the same
time partially dehydrates the tissues.
When the color and tissues of the
specimen are completely fixed Gre
curing from several hours to two or
three weeks, according to the indi-
vldual character of the plant), the
specimen is removed and laid out
between sheets of cellulose acetate
MIN. 1t Is then dehydrated and can
be stored in a dry place indefinitely,
prior to the final mounting. Two
different methods of mounting are
used, one between cellulose films
and the other directly adhering to
glass.
Leaves and flowers respond very
Inherently to Mr.. Fessenden's chem
lcal preservatives. While there are
fewer varieties Of leaves as COM
pared with flowers, he has neverthe-
less found it necessary to develop
. number Of formulas in order to Ak
the different types Of colors which
are found In nature. As the work
gets more and more out of the pio-
neer stage, and the formulas and
technique become more Standard
lied. Mr.. Fessenden estimates, the
actual time required for treating
o specimen should not consume
more than one to three hours. The
total elapsed time, however, from
the beginning OF the first stage Of
preservation, to the actual compile
ton OF the mount, may run as long
as one to two months In many cases,
Que t. the curing Of the material
while 1t Is being processed.
Recently, Sando-F -Fessenden speci-
mems were placed in the corner stone
OF the Agriculture Department
new regional research laboratories
In Philadelphia, San Francisco and
Peoria, III. Thus, future generations
win have the opportunity Of know
Ing whether crops have been Inn
proved Or changed and viii be IN
troduced to the present medium Of
exchange "a number Of present.
day coins having been preserved in
solid plastic and placed in the cor
ner stone containers by Secretary Of
Agriculture Wallace.
Evening star., 1940-02-11

type Of visual education, the stu
dent can trace in fascinating FASH
ion the complete life history of q
grain of corn, a spray of wheat or
rare orchid.
Time required for completing a
mounted specimen will vary accord
ing to size," says DR.. Sando, adding:
1T may take from three days to
three weeks, but most Of this time is
devoted to heating the plastic bricks
under carefully controlled tempera-
lures. Any attempt to speed up the
process introduces complications.
Evening star., 1940-02-11

definitely the diseased condition of
almost any living plant especially
maladies caused by fungus growths
and insect pests) in all its chrono4
logical phases for laboratory study,
field Identification and general edu-
cation in museums, schools and COL
leges. Indeed the unique process
has a wide application in nearly
every field Of agricultural research,
notably for demonstrating the
marked differences between healthy
and abnormal plants or their various
growing parts. Armed with this new
Evening star., 1940-02-11

erected by the superintendent was
placed at $26 900, of which Congress
provided $500, as stated. From
this it would seem that Congress
has not been any too generous
toward Blue Plains, though it did,
some years ago, when the new CEN
trail heating and lighting plant of
the Capitol was completed, give to
this institution two immense boilers
it had discarded, and provided 81 900
for removing them to the home.
But, as usual, this amount was
inadequate and the boilers had to
be taken apart and hauled to the
institution in farm wagons and the
sections reaSsembled.
AS to Washington's eleemosynary
Evening star., 1940-02-11

seen this, and. slipping behind him,
they stole his musket and were re-
joicing over the exploit. Hearing
the noise behind him, he went to
get his musket, but soon discovered
what had happened and started to
drive the boys away They thon
twitted him, asking why he had not
loaded his gun that morning and
what had become of the flint, etc.
After firing of that line of petty an
noyances, they threw the gun over
the fence. He took 1t up and went
to his house. He said he was very
much ashamed that the boys had
discovered that the gun was never
loaded, and only used to frighten
them. OF course, the gun had lost
its terrors.
MIXED by Snake.
Another anecdote I will mention
The old man was on his way to the
orchard with his gun on his shoulder,
which somewhat astonished me, as
I thought he had laid 1t aside.
asked him where he was going so
early in the morning. 'Ach! said
he, somebody has MIXED our COW
for the two last mornings, and am
going to see who it is.' In a little
while I saw him returning, driving
his COW before him. I inquired II
Evening star., 1940-02-11

institutions in general, it cannot
be denied with fairness that the
Capital City has always taken great
pride in caring for its needy and
its records show that its charitable
institutions, apparently-like our
public schools-have considerable
appeal to natives of other localities.
Indeed, in the report of the in
tendant of the Washington Asylum
for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1902, which was selected at random,
the number of inmates in the aims
house was given as 212, of which
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1940-07-04

Of st. Paul, brought Mrs. Lyman
Stephenson and granddaughter
Audrey Stephenson, home from
Anoka Wednesday evening where
they had spent sereral days.
Rudolph Beecher and Mr..
Bloomberg. Of Sank Centre, called
at the Vern Beecher home Satur-
day.
Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Brisson and
daughter and Robert Engle, of st.
Paul, visited at the Fay Biedle-
man home Saturday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Nels Johnson, Mrs.
Leanard Grindy and Mrs. A. Word
hall spent the weekend at Duluth
at the Herbert Johnson and John
Woodhall homes.
Mr.. and Mrs. Will Nordman, of
Willard, spent wednesday at the
Clarence Pepper home.
Mrs. L. Bunday and son and Yer
non Engle and daughter, of St.
Paul, visited at the Fay Biedle-
man home Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Dalke and
family spent Sunday at the home
of Mr.. and Mrs. Alvin Goodenbour.
Irene Anderson returned home
Sunday after several weeks visit
with relatives at Benson and Sum
burg.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1940-07-04
Northwest Ashley

Mr.. and Mrs. Peter Faber, of
Urbank, were Sunday guests of
their daughter, Anna Faber, in the
Casper Pick home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Norbert Bentfield
and son were over night guests
of the lady's parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
Frank Hortch, of Morrill, Thursday
evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Marthaler
and family called at the Herman
Marthaler home Wednesday eve
ming.
Mr.. and Mrs. Henry J. Deters
and family were Osakis callers
Saturday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ole Odegard and
family spent Thursday evening at
Anton Doege's.
Glenn Upnus called on Bill Kane
Friday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Bentfield, Mr..
and Mrs. Paul Bentfield and Mr..
and Mrs. Frank Marthaier attend
ed the Sank Valley chul en- supper
Thursday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Andrew Beste en-
tertained a group Of friends at
cards at their home Saturday eve
ming.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Marthaler
and daughter. Resale, were Sum-
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1940-07-04
South Unity

Mr.. and Mrs. j. G. Matthiesen
were visiting at Milwaukee, Wis
consin, the past ten days with rela-
tives and friends.
Garlic Warner and Miles Cheadle
spent the weekend at their parent
al homes here. Both are employed
at Belle PLANE.
Betty Schwartz, of st. Paul,
was a supper guest of Dorothy
Warner Saturday.
Mrs. Walter Kind and daughter,
Marcella, visited Tuesday after
noon with Dorothy Matthiesen.
Dorothy Matthiesen, Betty
Schwartz ana Herbert Schwake
were last Monday supper guests at
the Frank Minnette home.
Mrs. Henry Fritzlar, Mrs. Mar.
garet Warner and Clara Wilke
spent Friday afternoon with Mrs
Hulda Hummer.
Mr.. and Mrs. Chas Hummer
visited Sunday evening at the Wal
ter Kind home.
The Unity Hustlers and Gopher
Prairie team enjoyed a ball game
Sunday afternoon at the home OF
the Quade Bros. The game was
won by the Gopher Prairie team.
Luella Cheadle spent a few days
last week at the Henry Quade
home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Walter Kind an6
daughter, Marcella, were Monday
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1940-07-04

Mr.. and Mrs. Art Domke and
daughters, Geraldine and Vivian
and son, Bernard, were dinner
guests Sunday at the home of Mr.
and Mrs. Lyle Parks at Sank Cen
ire.
Mrs. Jenny Lee and family, OF
Willard, visited Sunday at the home
of Mr.. and Mrs. A. I. Cowlthorp
Mrs. Joe Essler and daughter
Alvina and Sally, and son, Ray.
mond, visited Sunday afternoon
at the home Of Mr.. and Mrs. Frank
Rouslang.
A 9k pound baby boy was born
to Mr.. and Mrs. Howard Domke
Wednesday evening. The baby was
named Calvin Richard. Both are
doing nicely.
Mrs. Minnie Miller and son, Cor
don, were dinner guests Tuesday
at the Fay Biedleman home.
Mrs. Roy Vogt and Coy Jeffreys
of Bedford, Iowa, called at the Wal
ter Morris home Tuesday.
Mrs. Bill Reiher and niece, Shir
ley, of st. Cloud, Miss Jones ant
Fritz Reiher, Of Pontiac, Michigan
| visited Tuesday at the home of Mr.
and Mrs. Henry Judes.
Several of the children in thi.
community helped Howard Brum
NETT celebrate his birthday Thurs
day afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Uhlenkamp, Of
Metre Grove, visited their son, Car
Uhlenkamp, Tuesday.
Walter Morris and Donald Bark
err were employed Wednesday al
the Ernest Cook home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Art Domke anG
family, Mr.. and Mrs. Bert Heidle
man and Mrs. Elmer Domke Wis
tied Thursday at the home of Mr.
and Mrs. Howard Domke.
Sylvester and Norman RAIDER
macher called at the Frank Rous
lang home Sunday.
Mrs. Bill Reiher and niece, Shir
ley, of st. Coud, Miss Jones and
Fritz Reiher, of Pontiac, Michigan
called at the Elmer Smith home
Tuesday afternoon.
The following helped Mrs. Wal
ter Payne celebrate her birthday
anniversary Sunday: Mr.. and Mrs
Ernest Cook and daughters, Elva
and Stella, Mr.. and Mrs. Aubrey
Payne and Marvin and Evelyn, Mr.
and Mrs. w. Brummett and sons
Howard and Edgar, Mr.. and Mrs
Elmer Smith and 10 Leta, Ell Doris