davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-04-14

times hundreds. of men in supporting
positions behind the front lines. Most
of these latter jobs men of forty-five
and over can handle as well as or
better than collcge-age youngsters.
There is further consideration.
Far from being a constant round OF
excitement, war is often dull. Shut
off from normal diversions, undergoing
frequent discomforts, the soldier IS
likely to brood on possible wounds
and death, on separation from his fam
lily. Such introspection Injuries morale.
The older man ordinarily can draw on
his more patient philosophy OF life.
l am assured by psychologists -
and l have learned from personal ex-
perience in the last war - that the
courage of youth and of older men
strikes a rough balance. Youth is
more impulsive, more reckless. But
the middle-aged man has generally
seen and endured more hardship. He
has spent years discharging social and
family obligations. His dependents are
likely to be grown and self-support-
ing. Moreover. he has fewer illusions
than youth; life may not seem as
sweet. Fear has less effect on his
behavior in a crisis Such man may
not value his life as dearly as youth.
But in sacrificing it, he is more likely
than youth to drive a hard bargain
with the enemy.
On my last tour of Europe, just
before the final German Polish crisis,
l had the opportunity of inspecting
the arms and equipment of several
European powers, including France
and Germany Before that, in Eth
opia and Spain, l watched the dress
CONTINUED on pose 21)
Evening star., 1940-04-14

culated at four to six days in the front
lines. In practice, both the French and
Germans have manned their defense
lines with older troops, and during
the blitzkrieg against Poland, the
Westwalls defense was entrusted to
divisions preponderantly made UP of
the middle-aged. For every youthful
pilot, observer, aerial bomber, or
shock trooper, there are dozens, some
Evening star., 1940-04-14

ing points for young troops on the
verge of panic.
Along the great fortified lines of
western Europe today, as saw them
shortly before the present war. men
endure few hardships that would tax
the middle-aged. They live and work
in comfortable quarters underground.
They are moved around on tramways,
or trucks. Their tour of duty is cal
Evening star., 1940-04-14
SHOULD MEN
OF SO FIGHT?
Continued from poss four

smith. aviation ordnancemen, mOlder,
patternmaker, slgnalman. radioman.
pharmacist mate. storekeeper, avla-
ton pilot, and Others Like the Navy,
the Army needs trained and expert
enced men to operate complex ma
chine guns, antiaircraft guns, antitank
guns, myriad variety of motor trans
ports. chemical units and communica-
tons systems For these jobs, requir-
ing sound judgment, steady nerves,
experience and habits of independent
thinking, men over forty-fivc qualify
as we'll as men between twenty and
thirty.
Not that would recommend train
ing grandfathers as war-plane pilots.
But the business of war is by no means
confined to spectacular dogfights in
the air, or even to the bodyto body
struggle of infantrymen. 1t may be
that shock troops for frOnt-llne action
should come principally from younger
ranks. Yet. in the World War, battal-
ions of middle-aged men stood up
valiantly under the hardships OF
trench warfare. 1t was. for example,
a middle-aged army that held off the
Germans in the first battle of Ypres.
Battalions of older men were in
creasingly drawn into the front lines in
the third and fourth years OF the War.
More often than not, they outdid the
regular and much younger formations.
Frequently, in tight spots under fire,
| have seen older men become rally
Evening star., 1940-06-22

comment" on a Philadelphia report
that President Roosevelt had as
sured him he would not run for a
third term when the Chief Execu-
tive first offered him the Navy sec
retaryship.
Col. Knox was en- route to his
Manchester IN. H. summer home
Evening star., 1940-06-22
Sentiment Shifting Rapidly,
Yelling Candidate Outlook

PHILADELPHIA, June % Dr.
Rapidly shifting sentiment yelled
the candidate outlook today as
presidential candidates came to
town to take charge personally of
the struggle for the Republican
nomination that begins next week.
Frank Gannett, the New York
State publisher, arrived Thursday.
Senator Bridges of New Hampshire
came last night. Senators VAN
denberg of Michigan and Taft of
Ohio arranged to come as soon as
the Senate recess. Thomas E..
Dewey and Wendell Willkie of New
York are expected over the week
end.
Senator Bridges added another
touch of the unusual to his first
press conference in Philadelphia. He
said he might accept the vice presi-
dental nomination II it were Of
fered him.
The. vast number of uninstructed
delegates in whose hands will rest
the nomination tipped first from
one candidate to. another. From
many quarters came reports of a
rising Willkie strength among dele
cations that earlier had been con-
sidered nailed down for Dewey or
Taft.
Some delegates reported, too.
there had been shifts to Taft since
yesterday.
Another potential candidate stood
outside the convention ring-but
with plenty of men in Philadelphia.
Old-time workers for Herbert
Hoover were busy talking with dele
gates, but all refused to discuss his
chances for sweeping the conven-
ton off its feet in his Tuesday
speech.
From the headquarters of sew
eral candidates came predictions
that the convention would vote
many times before any one man
obtains the necessary majority.
Joseph N. Pew, a leading Pennsyl-
vania Republican, who is supporting
Gov. Arthur H. James of the host
State, foresaw the possibility of 200
ballots.
Evening star., 1940-06-22
@. O. P.
Continued From First Page.)

tionists,' both Republicans, a virtual
acknowledgment that he is prepar-
ing to take the country into the
European conflict. These appoint
ments had an immediate effect on
the committee, strengthening the
determination to stay out of the war.
Col. William j. Donovan of New
York, wild Bill" Donovan of World
War fame and later an assistant
attorney general in the Hoover ad-
ministration, sent a strongly worded
telegram to Chairman John Hamil-
ton OF the Republican National Com
mittee today urging the Republican
National Convention to approve the
appointment of "Col. Knox and Col.
Stimson" to the cabinet posts. He
said he had been much disturbed
by press reports of the criticism
leveled by Republicans at the action
OF the President in placing these
outstanding Republicans in his
cabinet to help improve the defenses
OF the Nation. The President, Col.
Donovan said, Is commander in
chief Of the Army and the Navy,
and there should be no attempt to
impute wrong motives to him when
he is trying to build up the Nations S
defenses.
Mr.. Hamilton, questioned about
the request of Col. Donovan, said
he saw nothing the convention could
do in the matter.
Mr.. Hamilton on Thursday issued
a statement virtually saying that
Col. Knox and Col. Stimson, having
entered the Roosevelt cabinet, can
no longer speak as Republicans. His
statement was approved by a vote
OF the National Committee, prac-
tically reading Col. Knox and Col.
Stimson out of the party.
The national chairman said he
had received about 1,500 kilograms
commenting on his statement, and
that they were about 20 to l favor
able to the position he took In the
statement. The attitude of Col.
Donovan, however, emphasizes the
dl1erences which exist in the Re-
publican party over the foreign
policy question.
The subcommittee, which strug-
gled over the knotty problem for
four hours yesterday afternoon, met
again this morning. One group is
opposed to mentioning the question
OF aid Tor the Allies at all. Another
demands that the platform pledge
aid OF war. How to phrase such a
pledge, however, without conform
ing to the Roosevelt policy is a
Evening star., 1940-06-22
to his new duties as administrative
assistant to President Roosevelt.

to his new duties as administrative
assistant to President Roosevelt.
Charles S. Mccain. vice president
and director Of the firm, was elected
president to succeed Mr.. Forrestal,
The appointment of Mr.. Forrestal
to his White House job came as no
surprise to Wall Street associates
many of whom had predicted such
move for several weeks. Mr.. For
restal has been with Dillon, Read &
Co. since 1919. He is a native of
New York and was graduated from
Princeton University in 1915. He
served in the Navy Aviation Corps
during the World War.
1t was assumed in financial cir
cles that Mr.. Forrestal would act
for the President as liaison man in
financial matters. It was pointed
out that the huge rearmament pro-
gram this country is engaged In
would require considerable financing
either by the Government, private
sources, or both. It was believed
that Mr.. Forrestal would advise the
President when such financing
should be undertaken, the form 1t
should take and other details, as
well as act as liaison officer between
Mr.. Roosevelt, the Treasury Depart
ment and other governmental fnan-
cial agencies, including the Secur-
tiles and Exchange Commission.
Mr.. Mccain has been vice presi-
dent of Dillon, Read e. Co. since
1899, coming to the firm from the
presidency of United Light g. power
Co., Chicago. He took the utilities
Job in 1884 when he resigned as
chairman of the board Of the Chase
National Bank.
Evening star., 1940-06-22
100000 Requests
For Tickets Swamp
6. 0. P. Convention
Discount Plan Adopted,
Putting Seats on Bosis
Of State Vote Record
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
PHILADELPHIA, June 22.-Sam-
uel F. Fryor, chairman of the Ar
rangements Committee, said today
"we're literally swamped with appli-
cations for more than 1000, 900 tick
cts" to the Republican national
convention which opens Monday.
Distribution began yesterday.
Convention Hall, scene of the
party gathering, seats a maximum
of $4,000.
Meanwhile, Pryor announced a
Revolutionary" seating plan doing
away with private boxes and dis
closed discount" system for dis
'trlbuting tickets to State delega-
tions.
There won't be box in the hall, ("
he said. We've eliminated all of
them. In past years the important
and the wealthy contributors have
occupied the favorite positions, but
this time everyone comes in on the
same basis and everybody will sit in
the same kind of seat"
OF the discount" system he ex-
planned that Southern States, for
example, which have gone Repub-
llcan since 1900, will get only 20 per
cent of their allotments.
Southern States which have gone
Republican one or more times since
1900 are discounted go per cent;
border-llne States such as Kentucky
and Tennessee which have been Re-
publican "in-and-outers" so per
cent; dependencies, such as Hawaii
and Puerto Rico, 80 per cent; States
900 miles or more from Philadel-
phia SIS per cent.
Thus, under the plan, California
with A delegates, would receive 12l
tickets instead of their quota Of 220.
Evening star., 1940-06-22
Farley and Garner
Confer on Nominee
For Vice President
Understood to Have
Assumed Roosevelt
Will Seek Reelection
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Vice President Garner and Post
master General Farley were UNDER
stood today to have pooled their po-
litical resources once again in an
effort to get what they consider q
satisfactory vice presidential nomi-
nee and platform out of the Demo-
cratic National Convention.
At least nominal presidential as
pirants themselves, Mr.. Garner and
Mr.. Farley were reported by COL
leagues to have predicated q long
and confidential conference yester-
day on the possibility that President
Roosevelt will run again.
The anti-third-term drive Of c. I.
o. Chief John L. Lewis, meanwhile,
encountered revolt from Eli L.
Oliver, executive secretary of Labor's
Non-Partisan League, C. I. o. ad-
junct. Mr.. Oliver resigned, declar-
ing that an Overwhelming ma
jority" of the league favors Mr..
Roosevelt, that an "infinetesimal mi
nority' opposes him.
Regardless of who is nominated,
said Senator Wagner, Democrat, of
New York, who was designated by
Mr.. Farley as chairman of the Demo-
cratic convention, the platform
must indorse the New Deal outright.
He announced that he would start
conferring with designated commit
tee members Immediately.
Close friends said Senator Wagner
favors a plank against involvement
in the European war, coupled with
a demand for continued large scale
defense preparations. Mr.. Garner
also was reported ready to throw
his full influence to q non-involve-
ment pledge.
Evening star., 1940-06-22

6. 0. P. Acts 10 Curb
Southern Influence
On Convention
Seots Would Be Denied
Districts Polling Less
Than 1000 Porty Votes
By the Associated Press,

4s tuC ASoOCidteQ freEB.
PHILADELPHIA, Pa, June o.
A sweeping rule denying any dele
gate representation in future Re-
publican national conventions to
congressional districts that do not
poll at least 1000 votes for the
party ticket was adopted today by
the Republican National Commit
tee.
The rule, subject to approval by
the convention starting Monday,
was proposed by former Senator
Daniel o. Hastings, committeeman
for Delaware, who told reporters it
would take about IS delegates away
from Southern States unless they
become increasingly active to get
out the Republican votes.
Other committeeman said it would
clean up" a situation in the South
by making 1t impossible to buy up
delegates"
Amendment Long Considered.
Under existing rules, each congress
sional district is allowed one dele
gate regardless of the vote polled
by the Republican ticket in prior
elections, and an additional dele
gate If the party polls 10000 votes
in the district.
Mr.. Hastings said the amendment
mad been under consideration for
years but leaders had been unable to
get the party sufficiently interested
to put it over. He said it would ef-
feet most seriously States like Mis-
sissippi, South Carolina and others
OF the Deep South" but probably
would have little effect on Virginia
and Tennessee.
The national committee adopted
a number of other rule changes
after formally approving the tenn
porary convention roll of 1000 dele
gates, including delegates who had
won contests.
Limit on Speeches Approved.
Other rule amendments approved
we're:
!. Presidential nominating speech
es to be limited to 80 minutes and
four seconding speeches of five min
utes each for each candidate. The
Rules Committee first had proposed
20 minutes for each main nominate
ing speech.
2. Extending the rule permitting
a bonus OF three delegates at large
from each State casting a majority
vote for Republicans in presidential
elections to congressional and gu
bernatorial elections in of years."
This applies to future conventions.
3. Increasing the delegate repre-
sentation in future conventions from
two to three for Puerto Rico and
the Philippines to bring them up to
other Territories and the District of
Columbia and allowing a bonus of
two additional delegates for Terri
tories sending a Republican dele
gate to Congress.
Evening star., 1940-06-22
Mrs. Nixon Drops Suit
Against Husbands Will
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
PHILADELPHIA, June 22.-Mrs.
Charlotte I. Nixon, widow Of the late
Frederick G. Nixon -Nirdlinger, the
atrical man, dropped today seven
year fight to upset his will.
The former Miss st. Louis" with
drew exceptions she filed recently to
an Orphans Court ruling which de-
MED her a one-third share outright
in Nixon -Nirdlinger's estate.
His will gave her the income for
life from one-third of his funds, in
accordance with an ante-nuptial
agreement, so long as she does not
remarry. He was shot to death in
France in 1881. Mrs. Nixon was
acquitted by a French court of a
charge of killing him.
Evening star., 1940-06-22
Knox Silent on Report
Of No Third Term PIedae

BOSTON, June % R.-Col. Frank
Knox said last night he had mo
Evening star., 1940-06-22
BiI|ion-DoI|ar Chain
OF Munitions Plants
Urged on Roosevelt
National Defense Board
Fovors Immediate
Fund by Congress
BY the Associated Press.


Construction of a billion dollar
chain of Government munitions
plants has been recommended off,
cially to President Roosevelt as part
of further expansion oft he S.
00o,0O0,00O defense program.
Authoritative sources reported to-
day that the Chief Executive already
in studying recommendations by
the National Defense Commission
that Congress be asked Immediately
for additional arms funds. -
One of the major proposals was
that the Government build without
delay several score plants to turn
out powder, shells, armor plate, air
craft and other munitions.
s376,o00,000 Appropriated.
Some 100000 thus far has
been appropriated or earmarked for
this purpose. The Defense Commits
sion and the War Department al
ready have approved sites and other
details for upwards of 80 arms fac
tories to be located mostly in the
Middle West and South.
Besides the new munitions factory
chain proposal, other recommended
tions to the President were under
stood to include request for au-
thority to place further mass orders
for planes, warships and other
weapons and equipment. Only by
letting huge contracts now for fu-
ture deliveries can mass production
be assured, some administration Off
cials argue.
BY War Department estimate,
139 ordnance, chemical, quarter
master and aircraft plants are re-
quired for major national defense
effort" Only 10 are in existence
now.
80 Airplane Plants.
New ordnance plants which the
War Department recommended were
estimated to cost approximately
$527,000,000. They included:
Four smokeless powder plants, to
cost $188,000, 900; four for TINT, $42,-
600, 900; 18 shell and bomb loading
plants, $1O8,O00, 900; six for machine
guns and airplane cannon, $50 6,OO0,-
900; three proving grounds, $28,-
100000.
For the Chemical Warfare Service,
one new arsenal to cost $26,5OO, 900
and 26 commercial plants costing
100000 were recommended.
To attain the 50,0OO-plane annual
production recommended by Presi-
dent Roosevelt, it was estimated
there would be required, in addition
to existing commercial facilities, 80
airplane frame plants costing $780,
100000 and three engine plants es-
timated to cost $6o,000,0O
Evening star., 1940-06-22

tough problem. One way would be to
register opposition to the transfer of
the military and naval supplies
needed by the United States for
its own defense-to the Allies.
1t is realized that considerable
number of Republicans, particular
ly on the Eastern seaboard, are
strongly in favor of granting all
possible aid to the Allies, making it
increasingly difhfficult to omit any
pledge of aid from the platform.
Mr.. Landon has expressed an
opinion that there will be no
minority report from the Resolu-
tions Committee on the foreign re-
lations and defense plank of the
platform, after it has been drafted.
In some quarters this was inter-
preted as meaning that the plank
would satisfy the non-intervention-
lists even to the extent of making
no mention of aid to the Allies. The
lrreconcllable non-interventionists
are far more likely to carry the
issue to the convention than are
those who demand a maximum OF
aid to the belligerents.
Opinions Of the candidates for
the Republican presidential nomi-
nation on the subject Of the foreign
relations plank will not be asked,
Mr.. Landon said. Hearings will not
be reopened.
Considerable progress has been
made with the drafting of other
planks for the platform. The labor
plank, 1t is understood, will make no
recommendations regarding the
Wagner Labor Relations Act nor
the Wage-Hour Act, since Congress
Is now in the process Of enacting
amendments to these laws. It will
pledge the party to collective bar
gaining, maintaining that the Re-
publicans have been its friends from
the first. It will also demand that
American labor be protected from
cheap labor from abroad by
strengthening the immigration laws
Another plank will not oppose
reciprocal trade agreements in prin-
ciple, but will insist upon ratifica-
ton by the Senate of any pacts
entered into, thereby having Con-
gress reassert its control of the
tariff issue.
The farm plank will eliminate
crop control, but will provide for a
continuance of subsidies for soil
conservation and a continuance OF
farm parity" payments.
Evening star., 1940-06-22
| W.P.A. Talent
| Wrote Favored
10. O. P. Soma
y the A1sociated Press.


Republican Leader John D. M.
Hamilton was asked yesterday to
give the w. P. A. full credit for
the Ballad Of Americans" billed as
the opening song for the party's con-
vention at Philadelphia.
Senator Minton, Democrat, Of In
diana directed Mr. Hamiltons atten-
tion to the fact that the song was
written for w. P. A. by John La
touche and Earl Robinson, former
employees Of the Federal Theater
Project.
"Will you be good enough to ex-
tend my congratulations to the
Arrangements Committee for its
good taste in music" Senator Min
ton requested in q letter to the
Republican chairman.
Evening star., 1940-06-22
Roosevelt
tContinued From First Page)

In trade, the contemplated COM
mercial structure will be directed at
world dominance - the position
necessary to block the anticipated
economic blitzkrieg maneuvers ex-
pected in event of a German-Italian
victory in Europe.
Initial Success FOreseen.
With the Old World likely to be
In immediate need of the surpluses
now accommodating in this hemis-
phere, an all-American cartel would
have better than an even chance
of initial marketing successes, it is
believed. The real test would come,
of course, when and if the axis coun-
tries consolidate their positions of
economic control in Europe.
At a press conference on his ar
rival here yesterday, Mr.. Roosevelt
estimated that marketable surpluses
in this hemisphere now approach
$4,000, 100000 in value. He indicated
that a single corporation or a series
Of corporations capitalized at from
two to four hundred millions may be
set up to operate the program.
Attempting to get some rest and
relaxation during his week here, the
President went for a long automobile
ride yesterday and has kept clear
Of any local engagements.
A pouch Of mail and other docu-
ments was sent up from Washington
late yesterday, however, and re-
quired an hour or two of his time
IN the early evening. He also was
In touch with the Capital by tele-
phone and was kept constantly in
formed of developments abroad.
Accompanying the Chief Execu-
tive here, Secretary of Commerce
Hopkins is expected to confer with
him on the broad provisions of the
contemplated universal training pro-
gram. Much of the preliminary
work on this project has been done
by Mr.. Hopkins and, although some
of its details are now being studied
by Sidney Hillman of the National
Defense Commission and by other
agencies, 1t is believed the cabinet
Officers will have a large part in
shaping whatever suggestions Mr..
Roosevelt eventually presents to the
Congress.
Evening star., 1940-06-22
Compromise Defense
Bill Of S1,777,0O0,000
Passed by House
Recess Promised TONIGHT
IF Congress Acts on
Other Must Measures
BULLETIN.

BULLETIN,
The House approved today a
compromise draft of the billion
dollar defense tax bill and sent
It to the Senate for final legis-
lattve action.
Evening star., 1940-06-22
DR.. Silver Off to Convention

DR.. Edwin H. Silver, Washington
optometrist, departed yesterday for
Cincinnati, where he will attend the
annual meeting of the American
Optometric Association next week.
DR.. Silver will make report to the
gathering as chairman of the Motor
Vision Commission, describing new
developments in relation of vision
to safe driving.
Evening star., 1940-06-22
Mccain Succeeds ForrestoI
As Head Of Dillon, Read

NEW YORK, June % (P.-Dillon,
Read d Co. today announced the
resignation Of James Forrestal as
president In order to devote his time