davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Glacier County chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1931-1940, 1940-03-01

which Britain developed during the
World war and since became effec-
tive. The larger ships were sent
out in convoy; airplane patrols were
created; minefelds against subma-
rines were established and all the
resources of the British navy were
modified against the U-boats.
On the whole, they have proved
effective. In six months, the British
have lost $50, 900 tons of merchant
ships. At the same time, the French
lost 900 tons and the neutrals $780,
600 tons. This makes a total of a
little over 100000 tons.
Losses Not Important.
But nothing in these losses pro-
duced by mines and submarines
even suggests the possibility of a
decisive result. The British mer-
chant marine alone totals 81 ,0OO, 900
tons. The British claim that de-
Quoting from their losses purchases
and new construction, their net loss
in six months of warfare has been
less than 200, 900 tons. It is also
probable that the losses will de-
crease rather than increase, since
at sea as well as on land defense is
proving itself stronger than attack,
Already submarine torpedoes are
far less successful in destroying
shipping than mines. The new mag
netic mine sown by the Germans
proved very destructive for the first
few weeks in which it was used.
Then more effective mine-sweeping
methods and the establishment of
narrow ship-channels which were
carefully patrolled reduced the sue
cesses Of Germany's mine-laying
airplanes.
British Also Unsuccessful.
On the other hand, the British
have been no more successful in
their raids against the German
navy. Both German and British
submarines have destroyed an oc-
casional warship, but these forays
have been costly to the submarines
attempting them. The British and
French claim to have sunk between
40 and so German submarines since
the beginning of the war. The Ger
mans admit the loss of less than
half this number. Yet whenever a
submarine is lost, the entire crew
is lost with it, and it takes five
years to train men to handle sub
marine under war conditions.
Talk about the Germans building
one submarine a day is nothing
more than talk. 1t is more likely
that the Germans are completing
anywhere from six to ten U-boats a
month, which is just about the rate
at which they are being destroyed.
Already Planning for Peace.
There is, then, nothing decisive in
action at sea or in the air. Defense
is stronger than attack. But what
about the economic front? That is
probably the most important front
of all and the one that will be domi-
nant long after the war has ended.
Already Secretary of State Hull is
negotiating with the neutral powers
to work out plan of economic re-
construction. The plan must be
ready for instant application on the
day OF the armistice if Europe is
not to sink in to chaos when the
fighting ends.
Every country in Europe, neutral
and belligerent alike, has mort
gagged its future. Only il the New
world remains out Of the war and
stands ready to lend its resources
for European reconstruction il there
any hope Of true peace. Europe was
ready for revolution before the var
came and viii be much more ready
for It when the war b done.
Glacier County chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1931-1940, 1940-03-01
.KALTENBORN SAYS:
Enemies Stalemated After e Months
Because Defense Outshines Offense

!. At THE end of the first six
L \ months of war we find that
the major belligerents have
not yet begun to fight, while the
major neutral powers have be-
gun to fight for peace. Small
wonder that the late Senator
Borah called this a "phoney"
war.
Only in Finland is there a
major military effort and
mighty Soviet Russia does not even
admit that she has gone to war
against little Finland. When the war
began no one expected Soviet Rus
STA to participate in military opera
tons and no one expected Finland
to be invaded. On the other hand,
everyone expected an immediate
afraid by hundreds of bombing
planes on the capitals of Europe,
and for weeks the headlines spoke
Of the coming big offensives on the
Maginot and Siegfried lines. Neither
the raids nor the offensives devel-
oped during the first haf-year of
fighting. Why?
Defense Is Major Factor.
The primary reason is that in
modern war, defense is stronger
than offense. The war in Spain
showed the world that air attack
on large cities is tremendously de-
structive, but it also showed that it
is not likely to be decisive. The ex-
pense in planes, fuel, bombs and
aviators who do not return is apt to
Offset the military advantages
gained in any mass bombing fight.
And the effect on neutral opinion of
the killing of thousands of women
and children, together with the de-
struction of historic monuments in
cities far away from any actual
fighting zone, might well be disas-
trouS.
The fear of such wholesale air
raids led France and Britain to sur
render at Munich. Now, after a
year and half of additional inten-
sive preparation for air-defense, they
no longer fear German attack. They
are prepared to meet it and could
make it so costly that it would prob
ably not be repeated. The success
full defense of the Mannerheim line
against the most highly concentrat.
ed Soviet military effort showed the
strength of defense Notifications in
modern war.
Why Poland Was Weak.
The two great surprises of this
war so far have been Poland's weak
ness and Finland's strength. Po-
lands weakness arose from a lack
of national unity and domination of
the illiterate masses by an aristo-
cratic caste. In the larger sense,
the government of Poland was mel.
Glacier County chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1931-1940, 1940-03-01

The group agreed that if a max
imum amount of soil conservation
is to be accomplished on the ma
tion's farms, additional emphasis
should be placed on:
l. Long-term farm management
planning.
2. Long-term tenure contracts to
farm tenants.
8. Education to spread knowledge
Of mechanical and cultural erosion
control practices.
Glacier County chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1931-1940, 1940-03-01
Why Poland Was Weak.
THE AUTHOR

H. Y. Kaltenborn attained eminence in the
radio ne,Us field during the European crisis last
autumn, ,ohen his frequent and accurate re-
ports oper the Columbia network ,Uere awaited
each day by millions of listeners. A native of
Wisconsin, he worked many years on the
Brooklyn Eagle before entering the radio ne,cs
field as sideline in 1922. For more than 30
years he has been a keen student of interna.
tional politics, background ,chich makes his
ertemporaneous analyses ouer CHS among the
most accurate heard by the american audience
today His famous broadcast from hays,ack
Glacier County chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1931-1940, 1940-03-01

Spain the first radio description warfare
During last aufunrns literally lived
Neao York; prepared the air a
Glacier County chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1931-1940, 1940-03-01

e-a million of hem-c n
% Of
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1940-07-20
PrG-COnVcntiOn Affairs
Scheduled For TOniQht
DANCE AT LA CONCHA HOTEL AND FISH FRY
AT LOCAL CLUBHOUSE

Yesterday and today, Lion
delegates to the International
Lions Convention opening in
Havana next Tuesday, arrived in
Key West in preparation for en-
barkation on the S. S. Cuba to-
Imorrow morning and midnight
Members of the local Lions
Club, arising to the occasion, and
according to plans long made,
acted as hosts to some of the
visiting Lions last night in an in
formal get-together at their Den
on Seminary street, and planned
to be on duty there all day today
and tomorrow to welcome the
visitors and take care of any of
their wants.
This afternoon, all visiting
Lions have been invited to join
a motorcade through the streets
of Key West to the various points
of interest. Following this event,
which will start at 400 o'clock,
all visitors, their friends and
families, have been invited to at
tend a Fish Fry at the Lions Den.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1940-07-20
BURIED CITY MAY
Unearthed In Ell Salvador
BE- MAYAN OUTPOST

(Associated Press Feature ServiceD
NEW ORLEANS, July 20.-A
buried city which may represent
the southernmost advance of an
Gent Magyar civilization is being
unearthed in western Ell Salvador
by a Tulane University expedi-
ton.
The first seasons work has I'M
covered walls, floors, steps, pyra-
midal terraces and a tomb, con-
structed with plaster-like sub
stance of metallic clay and fine
volcanic cinders. A cache of
carved jadeite jewels also was
uncovered.
Sixty grasS-covered mounds,
the largest more than 100 feet
high, indicate the buried city
some 20 miles from San Saliva
dor, capital of the republic. The
mounds are in a small valley ex-
'cessively dry between rainy sea-
sons. Nearby are the San Saliva
dor volcano, last active in 1917,
and the Izalco volcano, active the
past 200 years.
The expedition is under the di-
rection of Maurice Ries of the
Tulane Middle American Re-
search Institute. He believes the
city has definite Maya charac-
teriSticS" and was the southern
most point at which Mayan influ-
ence had been reported Walls
and steps. Ries said, are similar
to those unearthed during the last
three years near Guatemala City
by archaeologiSts of the Car
negie Institution of Washington.
The expedition was financed
by Mr.. and Mrs. John NJ. Dimick,
New York socialiteS who partici-
pated in the field work. Dimick,
an engineer. surveyed and
mapped the ares. Mrs. Ries was
expedition photographer.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1940-07-20

by the ability. honesty. and e.
ficiency Of county Officials
County government operstes
under uniform c0nstItIfiu1zl 30
visions. and governmental funr-
tons and services performe1 ~
the various counties are EirzuzLE
The same. YET. some COUNTS nave
increased operating expeEsz
only slightly since 1875. E-1Ile
other counties have zlu1z
doubled their operating expe1di-
lures The operating cus1 oz
county government can - r.
duced by the simple expe1ient 81
injecting economy and effi1ency
The tentative budset C 20
County is concrete prof ri
county government czn - r.
duced-
Polk county officials are Gle
the commentator Of Ehe z7-
payers for reversing the trZ1 -
government cost from . Erz11zl
increase 10 an abrupt oec-ezse
Taxpayers n other co1r1lez
should demand that Their couztE
officials follow the example 50
by Polk County
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1940-07-20
RITES TOMORROW
FOR H. BULLARD
DIED YESTERDAY AFTER
NOON AT MARINE
HOSPITAL

Henriquez Billiard, so, died
yesterday afternoon at 2:30
o'clock at the Marine hospital.
Funeral services will be held to-
morrow afternoon at 5 o'clock
from the Church of God, where
the body will be placed. at
o'clock. Rev. L. A. Ford viii of
ficiate.
Pritchard Funeral Home is in
charge of arrangements.
Survivors are: The widow, Mrs.
Henriquez Bullard: two daugh-
tiers, Mrs. T. M. Norris, Galax,
Va, and Miss Shirley May Bull
lard of Key West; two sons, Eu-
gene Billiard of Jacksonville and
Puriegton Billiard of Key West,
four sisters, Mrs. Sarah Baker,
Mrs. Margaret Key, Mrs. Nora
Betancourt and Mrs. Bessie Mil
Ter, New York, and one brother
William Billiard of Key West.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1940-07-20
M'MULLEN LEAVES
Makes Farewell Address
FOR new POST

Lieut.. Col. Jane D. MacMul-
len, with Mrs. MacMullen and
their two daughters and son, Joan
and Margaret and James D., Jr.,
left yesterday afternoon by auto
for the first leg of their journey
that will terminate in New York
City, to which Col MacMullen
has been assigned as instructor
of the New York National Guard.
Col. MacMullen gave what he
termed his farewell speech to
Key West at the Rotary Club
luncheon Thursday noon. Besides
stating that he and his family
had made more friends on this
duty than on any other, he went
on to offer many constructive
criticisms of KEY West, both on
civic matters and club aims.
Col. L. L. Pendleton, who ar
rived from the post that will be
taken by Col MacMullen last
Wednesday, and who is now in
charge of Key West Army Bar
racks, was a guest at the Rotary
meeting. @
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1940-07-20
WALLACE TO
QUIT CABINET
FOR CAMPAIGN
r VOLT OF DEMOCRATIC
SENATORS SEEN: PRESI-
DENT SAILS ON WEEKEND
CRUISE
Dy Associated Pressl

WASHINGTON, July 20.-Po-
litical activity, forming on both
sides of the fence" for the presi-
dental campaign to open shortly
has moved back to this capital OF
the United States, and specula-
ton is running high on the re-
port that several prominent Dem
ocrats are planning to make an
nouncementS of mo support to
President Roosevelt.
Included in this list are Sena-
tor Edward r. Burke of Nebras-
ka, who has promised aid to
Wendell Willkie, and Senators
Ellison D. (Cotton) Smith, OF
South Carolina, and Rush Holt OF
West Virginia. The latter two
haven't indicated whether they
will support Willkie, however.
RumorS were rife here today
that Secretary of Agriculture
Henry Wallace, running-mate to
President Roosevelt, will resign
his cabinet post Immediately and
take the stump for the party's
ticket. Mentioned prominently
for his post is Marvin Jones.
President Roosevelt signed the
Hatch clean-politics bill today,
which forbids all state employees
receiving any Federal funds from
participating in election cam
paigning. The bill also restricts
political campaign expenditures
drastically. 1t was one of the
hardeSt-fought bills in this seS-
sion of Congress. even with presi-
dental approval.
The President left today for q
weekend cruise on the Potomac
river. He may be joined by am
bassador to France, VIM. c. Bull
lit, who arrived today aboard
the Pan-American Dixie Clipper
from the Azores.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1940-07-20
Unemployment Bureau
Marks Third Anniversary
Especial to The Citlzenl

TALLAHASSEE, July 20. =
This month marks the third an
niversary of Florida's participa-
ton in the Unemployment Com
pensation program of the Social
Security Act, and Harold C..
Wall, Chairman of the Florida
Industrial Commission, pointed
out that this federal-state pro-
gram has been instrumental in
securing jobs for thousands of
Florida citizens and has placed
more than six million dollars in
the trade channels of the State
through the payment of jobless
insurance to eligible unemployed
workers.
The State Unemployment Com
pensation Act was passed by the
1897 Legislature and began OPP
erations in July of that year with
staff of six, under the direc-
ton of Harold c. Wall, present
Chairman of the Industrial Com
mission, which is the supervising
agency of the Unemployment
Compensation Division and the
State Employment Service. The
Unemployment Compensation
Division now has a personnel of
l28 persons and is directed by
Fred B. Bradshaw, who sue
ceeded Wall in June, 1899.
In 1899 the State Employment
Service was organized under the
direction of Fons A. Hathaway
and began accepting applications
for Jobs. In a little over a year
this agency has accepted l67. l49
job applications and made 50,802
placements. At the present time
it has 1892 applications in its
files and can fill requests for any
number of workers for any type
Job. There is no charge to the
employer or the worker for this
service.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1940-07-20

On January 2, 1889 the Unem-
ployment Compensation Division
began accepting applications for
iobless insurance and TO date So
225, 1000 has beer paid to eligible
Florida workers who became I'm
employed through no fault of
their own. Wall pointed out that
these benefits have been paid in
every county in the State and
they have benefited the COM
munities and the merchants. as
well as the claimants, by supply
ing money to the unemployed
who, in a great number of cases,
would have had no other means
of support.
The two divisions now have a
trained personnel of 265 persons
and every position was filled by
competitive examination under
the merit system This provides
job security for the personnel
and greater efficiency in the OPP
Grafton of the agency. The adj
ministrative expense of both di-
visions are paid by the Federal
Government.
All claims for jobless insurance
must be filed through a State
Employment Service Office.
Since January 1. 1899 the Key
West office of the Service, under
the management of William v.
Little, has accepted 857 claims
for unemployment compensation,
as a result of which more than
S23, 10000 has been paid, in the
form of weekly benefits, to the
unemployed in that territory.
During that period the Key
West office has accepted 1924
Job applications and made 499
job placements, of which 386
were made during the first six
months of this year.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1940-07-20

An expert chef has been engaged
to superintend at the frying, and
suitable, accompanying food will
be on hand to make perfect set
ting for an informal Saturday
night meal Impromptu enter
tainment will be given at the
clubhouse.
Headlining the days activities
for the visiting Lions, over two
hundred of whom are expected
to be on hand this evening, will
be the Pre-convention Dance in
tn Reainbow Room at La Concha
hotel, starting at 10 o'clock.
Mrs. Eva Warner, in charge of
the floor show at this dance, has
promised some of the city's top
notch entertainment, including
Josephine Ubieta and Orlando Es-
quinaldo in a rhumba dance,
John Bennett, Spanish tenor,
and Key Kest's youngest and
smallest (pint-size) rhythm-prin-
cess, Miss Lydia Paz. Sergeant
Frank Purnell, of the Regimental
Band unit, will give several vocal
solos.
Barry and. his orchestra have
beef engaged for the dance and
will play for dancing which will
last until 200 o'clock.
Many Lions have come to Key
West as a side-trip before en-
barkation on the S. S. Florida
at Miami Monday or Tuesday,
and many more are expected this
weekend.
Informal party will be held all
day long at the Lions Den to-
morrow. 1t is expected that the
major part of the delegation en-
barking here will arrive during
the day tomorrow.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1940-07-20
BATTERY, e CAMP
Roberts Assures HomefoIk
CONDITIONS IDEAL

Some of the bows. I hear, have
been writing home about condi-
tions of our camp here Al p
Screven, in rather a poor light
j am at a loss TO understand
this, for, in all my camp experI-
ence, / have never seen quite Is
ideal a set-up as we have here
Perhaps they were just a little
hOmeSick
Thus wrote Lieut.. VIII Z p.
Roberts in a special dispatch Il
The Citizen today. de wanted
all relatives of Battery q
members not 10 take too serious
ly any comments that might
make If appear the boys are dis
satisfied.
Life goes On apace al the p
Screven encampment as the BOYS
see the end Of the second week
drawing TO a close The encamp-
ment ends Sunday. July g.
A description Of the anfi-air-
craft practice was given by Lieut.
Roberts i'm his secoR1 Report @
The Citizen High explosives
are being used in the problems
worked out daily IN the camp
and the bows are catching on
TO the work IN a satisfactory man
ner, he stated
IT appears that Key We Is
unfolding the sOftball tradition
in fine style at Fl Screven- Bat
terry e. of Miami challenge
the local bows TO a game the frs
of the week Going into ths
ninth inning. the Miami team Nras
leading 9 TO 3. but Battery =
exploded a terrific barTsEe Ct hits
in the final frame that ended n
ten runs being scored and vic-
tory.
Lieut. H II Taylor has been
given q new nickname-''Crick-
et'-accordinF 10 Roberts Tay-
Tor is gun officer and battery
executive Roberts is range o.
ficer. Both are working WIfh
Captain Harris 20 gain complets
knowledge of their duties un6e-
the new ASSIGNMENTS.
Morale Stin continues hiEh-.
Roberts concluded IN ms report
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1940-07-20
LESLIE PRIME
TO LIONS MEET

Leslie l.. Prime, president OF
the Lions Club of Tallahassee and
former resident of Key West
is in the city visiting his father
J. r. Prime, prior to attending
the Lions Convention in Ha-
vana. ~
MIR. Prime has a party which
will arrive this afternoon, con-
sisting of Mrs. Prime, Mr.. and
Mrs. Lester Moon, Jessie Brown
and Miss Onnie Waters. They
will leave on the SIS. Cuba for
Havana tomorrow morning.
Mr.. Prime enjoyed a days
fishing yesterday with the De-
merritt brothers, local commercial
anglers, who well remember the
former Key Wester.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1940-07-20
TUG WARBLER
In FINAL LEAVE

All arrangements were COM
pleted Yesterday afternoon, gear
had all been transferred and
everything was in readiness for
the sailing of Wrecking Tug
Warbler. The tug sailed for New
York at 4:30 o'clock and viii be
stationed there indefinitely.
Tug Warbler had been station
ed at Key West since its first ar
rival here and the crew and most
of the officers are natives of this
city. They will remain here for
the operation of the Tug Willet,
which came here from New York
Thursday morning.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1940-07-20
Polk County Leads Way
To Reduce MilIage Rates
GspeeIaI te The CifI.enl

BARLOW, Fla, July 2O.-Im-
perial Polk, the first county in
the state to complete their tenta-
tive budget for next year. an
nounces reduction in the coun-
ty-wide levy for operating ex-
penses of a PA mills and a re-
duction in the debt service levy
of 4 mills.
The Florida Tax Rexision
League in Jacksonville said to-
day: This gives Polk County
taxpayers the lowest operating
millage since 1896. Taxpayers In
other counties might well call
the attention of their county
commissioners to the reduction in
Polk County as a concrete illus
tration of what can be done"
THE operating cost of county
government generally has in
creased rapidly for the past sew
eral years, the League says
The total operating cost of coun-
ty government for all counties
mot including schools and debt
Service) was S9,l41, 327.55 IN
1895. The cost for 1888. which
is the latest year on which COM
plete figures are available was
S12,974,316.02-an increase Of So
So, 988.47, or 41.ess.
debt service levies may be
beyond the control of county
commissioners but operating ex-
penses are definitely controlled
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1940-07-20
CITY MOURNS
DEATH OF W. c.
DUNCAN TODAY
SERVICES HERE TOMORROW
AFTERNOON: HAD BEEN
PRINCIPAL AT HARRIS
SCHOOL TWELVE YEARS

Prof. William c. Duncan, So.
died early this morning at the
Marine hospital from complica-
tons following operation for ap-
pendicitis, performed last Sun
day. Death came as a surprise,
as it had been previously believ-
ed the operation was a success
and that he was on the road to
recovery.
Prof. Duncan leaves a definite
VACANCY in the educational sys-
tenn of this city. He had endear-
ed himself to hundreds of boys
and girls of the city since he
took on the principalship of the
Harris Grammar School in 1928.
He first came to Key West in
1926 and served as principal of
the High School for a year. Fol-
lowed two years at Tampa and
then back to Key West. He had
been reappointed to the same po-
sition for the coming school
year
Born in Greenwood, S. c,
August 3, 1886, Prof Duncan
began his educational activities
following receipt of his Alb. de-
gree from Wooford College at
Spartanburg, S. C., in 1910, en-
gaging in active teaching for
thirty years. He received his
Masters degree at the University
of Florida in 1886.
Prof. Duncan served during the
World War, with the title of
colonel, at the Plattsburg
R.O.T.C.
Services will be held at the
Lopez Funeral Home chapel to-
morrow afternoon at 200 o'clock.
Rev. o. c. Howell of Ley Me
mortal church and Rev. w. r.
Howell of Fleming Street Metho-
dist church will officiate. A short
Masonic chapel service will be
observed.
Surviving Prof. Duncan, be-
sides his wife, Mrs. Dorothy
Duncan. are three brothers.
Following the services here.
the remains will be shipped to
Tampa for interment.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1940-07-20
STEEL ORDERED
FOR STATE TAGS

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