davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-07-01
Rumuniun
Continued From First Page }

Bulgaria toward the Dardanelles
The Turkish Navy also was being
kept on the alert.
Bulgaria concentrated more than
250,000 men on the Rumanian and
Turkish frontiers. AS a traditional
friend of Russia, Bulgaria was be-
lieved unlikely to come to blows with
the Red Army, but she apparently
feared Turkish attack from the
south in event the Red army mace
gesture toward the Dardenelles.
May Hamper Germany.
Neutral observers here speculated
that the Russian penetration into
Southeastern Europe might face
Germany with the necessity of post
poning her offensive against Britain
in order to defend her interests in
the Balkans-a vital source of sup
plies to the Reach.
The menace to German interests
was emphasized by reports that
Russia now held control of the
lower Danube, vital waterway link.
ing Germany with the Black Sea
Observers also pointed out tina,
by occupying Bessarabia, Russia hac
grabbed off the only bumper cror
of wheat and corn in the Balkans
where late frosts and floods have
reduced the yield. Germany ha:
placed large contracts in Bessa-
rabia for vegetable oil seeds
Whether deliveries will now be made
Is a question.
Bucharest dispatches told Of q
mass exodus from Jews from ole
Rumania into the territory newly
occupied by the Red Army. Ap.
Evening star., 1940-07-01
STAR WASHINGTON D. c. MONDAY JULY l. 1910.

effect, for the French not only were
unable to count on Italian divisions
to immobilize an equal number of
German divisions; they themselves
had to keep a full army at the AL
pine frontier.
French Population Smaller.
The basic reason for the lack of
man power, however, must be
sought in the difference in popula-
tons: France, 10000, 900; Germany,
10000, 900.
French lack of determination to
fight completes the picture of COL
lapse in only one month of "real"
warfare.
Marshal Petain himself painted
the best picture of this fatal flaw
when he said that Frenchmen in
1889 failed to march to the colors
with the same enthusiasm as in
1914 because they did not understand
the reasons for the war.
Equally important was the feeling
among Frenchmen that they were
bearing the brunr OF the fighting,
Evening star., 1940-07-01
FrenchLossesin Dead
Missing Estimated
AT 100000
Had Cartridges for Only
) Days When Truce
Was Asked, Is Report
Continued From First Page.)

be realized in France itself. The
destruction of the army left the
nation stunned.
French leaders, including aged
Marshal Henri Petain, whose tragic
task 1t was to sue for peace, now
admit that the collapse of the army
was due to three causes:
l. Lack of equipment.
2. Lack of man-power.
3. Lack of determination.
The lack of equipment, which is
emphasized as the outstanding rea-
son for Frances defeat, centered in
aviation and tanks, Germany's main
weapons.
In radio speech to the nation,
Marshal Petain admitted German
air superiority was 6-to-l. Time
and again I saw three or four
French pursuit ships rise to attack
smassed squadrons of go to 80 Ger
man bombers protected by 40 to go
chasers.
The Germans organized their at
tack aviation so as to make simul-
taneous use of dive bombers and
machine cunning hedge hoppers
They were able to hurl 300 and 400
planes against smile sector Of
the French front.
When the blitzkrieg started with
a German attack against Holland
and Belgium the entire French at
tack aviation numbered only $40
planes.
1t was only In November, two
months after the European war
started, that the French began
training attack aviation crews for
the highly specialized types of aerial
warfare.
Tank Superiority Less Marked.
In tanks, the German numerical
superiority was less marked, al
though modern equipment and con-
centration of attack made the effect
almost the same.
The Germans apparently used IL
"Panzer" (armoreG) divisions in the
battle of France, each numbering at
least 500 tanks. The most optimistic
estimate of the French tanks was
about $500, and many OF these were
far from modern.
In Gen. Corap's 9th Army, which
was along the Meuse in the Ger
Evening star., 1940-07-01
mans first main break-through, I

mans first main break k-through, I
saw 1918-vintage tanks in action.
The lack Of communication and
transport equipment in Gen. Corap's
army was so pronounced that a
member of his general staff told me
two days before it was captured by
the Nazis that there was only the
f1imsiest Of liaison between army
headquarters and the general staff.
While the Germans concentrated
their tank divisions against narrow
sectors to gain maximum effect, the
French dispersed theirs all along
the front, alloting two or three COM
panies Of four tanks each to
strategicsily located mechanical
divisions.
The French armored division as
signed to the highly important
Rethel bridgehead across the Aisne
near the Maginot Line, for example,
was compelled to rehabilitate cap
tured German tanks to hold It's posi-
tons as long as it did.
Many Incompletely Equipped.
Many French divisions were in
completely equipped with anti-tank
defenses. The general commanding
a division holding a bend in the
Chiers River, just east of Rethel,
told me proudly two days before
the Germans began their general
offensive along the Somme-Aisne
line, that "all my division has been
completely installed except my anti
tank company"
The Allied Armies lack of man
power meant that the Somme-Aisne
lines had to be lightly held. In
some sectors German troops out
numbered the French as much as
to /.
This was especially true in the
Meuse- -Argonne sector, where the
Germans threw in most of their
available fresh divisions on the third
day of attack to split Off the Magi-
not Line.
The Allied lack of manpower was
due in part to the difference be-
tween 10 British divisions fighting
in France in 1910 as against IS IN
the critical phases Of the last war;
also to Italy's entry into the war
on Germany's side.
The latter deficiency had a double
Evening star., 1940-07-01
British Families Quit
Hong Kong in Fear
OF Japanese
Liner President Coolidge
Stuys at Port Ready to
Evocuute Americans
~ the Associated Press.

~ the Associated Press.
HONG KONG, July IA gray
coated Canadian Pacific liner, carry
ing the vanguard of some 4,500 Brit
ish women and children being re-
moved from this colony, nosed out of
Hong Kong harbor this afternoon
Other outgoing ships also were
1ammed Among their passengers
was sprinkling of Americans, al
though the majority preferred to re-
main until definitely ordered to
leave.
The American liner President
Coolidge remained here on order
from Washington and Americans
were prepared for the possible neces-
sity of removing their women and
children.
The exodus, authoritative sources
said, is precaution against pos
sible Japanese enforcement of a
land and sea blockade of the colony
to enforce demands for the closing
of the Burma route to the embattled
Chinese government.
Due in Manila July 8.
The unidentified Canadian Pacific
liner, bound for Manila with naval
escort, carried 1000 families of Brit
ish military and naval personnel.
She was expected to reach Manila
July and return Immediately for
further refugees.
Meanwhile all boats bound for
Macao, Portuguese colony on the
Chinese mainland, were crammed
with Chinese leaving on advice
not compulsion-and at their own
expense. Hong Kong banks had an
unusually large number of with
drawals.
To conserve foodstuffs the gov
ernment banned exports of -four,
soya beans and soya bean products.
1t also prohibited export of motor
vehicles.
Japanese Action Feared.
A government spokesman hinted
strongly that the British feared
the possibility of action by the
japanese Army without Tokios ap-
proval.
Katsuo Okazaki, japanese consul
general, declared, Il am going to
tell Japanese men, women and chill
dren in Hong Kong to stay, as there
is no cause for worry" He estimates
there are about 700 japanese here.
Okazaki, whose wife and children
recently have returned here from
Toxic, gave practical demonstra-
lion of confidence by buying an auto
mobile from a British firm.
The President Coolidge returned
to Hong Kong today, upon orders
from Washington after she was 100
miles along the route to Manila, to
take aboard any more Americans
desiring to leave.
The United States gunboats Min
danao, Tulsa and Asheville also are
standing by.
Confidence Breach Charged.
A spokesman for the Japanese
Army in South China meanwhile
charged the British with breach
of confidence in alleging that in
formation given under a November,
1888, agreement to notify the Brit
ish "a hours in advance of opera
tions on the Hong Kong border had
leaked out to the Chinese.
AS result, he said, the Japanese
in the future would not give the
advance notice.
Evening star., 1940-07-01

proximately 10000 were estimated
to have trekked across the new
frontier during the week end.
The Hungarian press and radio
carried unconfirmed reports that
several hundred persons had been
killed or injured Sunday in Com
munist demonstrations at Galati
Rumania, when Rumanian soldiers
fired on a group of marchers who
refused to disperse.
(DNB, the official German
news agency, earlier had re-
ported that several hundred were
killed at Galati when Rumanian
troops put down an armed Jew
ish uprising" The German radio
estimated the dead at 900, with
many more wounded.)
One demonstration, it was said
was initiated by group of 200
prisoners who were brought to Gal
att from Bessarabia after the Rus
sian occupation of that area. Gal
att is only few miles from the
Bessarabian town of Reni, reported
occupied yesterday by Soviet troops
landed by airplane.
Rumanian cavalry were said to be
patrolling the streets Of .Galat1. =,
Evening star., 1940-07-01
$4,000, 900 Sought in U. 5.
To Care for Child REFUGEES
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, July IA campaign
to raise $5,0O0,00O to provide asylum
in this country for European
refugee children will be started July
by the Allied Relief Fund.
Winthrop w. Aldrich, president of
the organization which was formed
to coordinate efforts Of all Ameri-
can war relief agencies, said contri-
buttons would be turned over to the
United States Committee for the
Care of European Children, of
which Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt
Is honorary chairman.
Mr.. Aldrich added that all chill
dren brought into this country would
"come in under quotas" and that
bond would be posted in each case
to assure that the child does not
become a public ward.
Under present plans about 10000
child refugees will be cared for in
this country.
Evening star., 1940-07-01

SOVIET PLANE-TANKS SURPRISE RUMANIANS-In a welter
OF speculation the meaning of the Russian
mania Rumanan delegation sailed today for
Odessa Cd to confer tomorrow the occupation
Bessaraba which today Rumana said proceeding
orderly fashion Shaded portion bounded by the
Pru and Danube Rivers is the territory the
cuded in the Ruanian cession marked bloody
Cernauti co. at the beginning of INVASION Gala
3 where reported Jewish which rose
up against the Rumanians yesterday cut down with
chine The Russians surprised garrison by
landing tanks with planes REM a. with parachutists
at Bograd o. The harbors Sulna
mined The Rumanan government considered moving the
capital from Bucharest 6 to the Carpathan Mountains
"A p. Wrephoto
Evening star., 1940-07-01

with men Of 48 In the front line
while Britain had not yet modified
her men of %.
That is no reflection on the bravery
OF the French soldier. When the
time came he took terrific punish
ment and died in his tracks. The
long months Of waiting, coupled with
lack OF men and equipment, how
ever, had its effect on the quality of
French resistance. All along the
Evening star., 1940-07-01
Submits Resignation

ANNAPOLIS, Md, July (P.-A.
Gordon Fleet, recently appointed a
member of the Maryland State Game
and Inland Fish Commission, has
submitted his resignation as presi-
dent of the Maryland Outdoor Life
| Federation.
Evening star., 1940-07-01
They TruveI in Texas

FORT WORTH, Tex. P).-Thir-
ty-nine student ministers at Texas
Christian University travelled 463.-
l82 miles to preach 1882 sermons
to scattered congregations in the
school year 1939-40.
Evening star., 1940-07-01

French soldier much rather would
have been back at home, tilling his
fields or working in factories.
Evening star., 1940-12-14
Comp in Winter

Lonely it stands tonight among the pines,
The little summer cabin on the shore.
Through chinks and crevices, the moon
light shines
In somber radiance on its darkened
floor.
Does it remember June when warm and
sweet
The briny wind blew In across the
sedge,
The laughing voices and the scurrying
feet,
The sandy traffic at the waters edge?
Shattered and empty now, does it recall
The open windows and the friendly
sight
OF all the pans and kettles on the wall
That twinkled in the rosy sunset light?
Coldly deserted, does it wonder when
The hands that love it will withdraw
the bars,
Admit the sheen OF waves and tides
again,
Answer the call Of river pines and
stars?
INEZ BARCLAY KIRBY.
Evening star., 1940-12-14
Christmas Seals

Because marvellous progress has
been made in the campaign against
tuberculosis there has been a change
in the attitude of the public toward
that effort. A decease of seventy-five
per cent in the death rate from the
white plague has led many persons
to believe the struggle won. In point
of fact, ''T. B." claims a victim every
eight minutes. Approximately sixty
four thousand people died of the
disease last year. This being true,
there is little excuse for complacency
about a danger which is only frac-
tionally less real, less fearsome and
less common than it was in 1907,
when the first Christmas Seals were
sold.
These diminutive adhesive labels
are distributed in Washington by the
District of Columbia tuberculosis
Association. Costing a penny each,
they represent a philanthropy unex-
celled for the good that it accom-
plishes. 1t would be difficult to
imagine a more congenial or a more
effective charity. The income from
Christmas Seals purchased by friends
of the work in 1889 was fifty-three
thousand dollars. Most of the moneg
so obtained was spent for rehabilita-
ton service, health education, tuber-
culin testing and X-raying of high
school pupils and industrial employees,
medical research, children's camp ac-
tivities, clinics and advisory services.
In a time when the phrase total
defense" rightly is understood to
mean the protection of the physical
Well-being of the population of the
United States as we'll as proper
guarding of the national terrain, the
institutions of democratic civilization
and the traditions of freedom dear
to all the people, the annual Christ
mas Seal drive needs no apology and
but brief explanation. To protect
America against tuberculosis, success
in the present drive is imperative.
Everybody can help, and everybody
should.
Evening star., 1940-12-14
A Solemn Worninq

The disclosure by William S. Knud-
sen that the defense program is
running far behind schedule, with
the output of bombing planes thirty
per cent under anticipated produc-
ton, is a solemn warning that our
national security is being needleSSly
endangered. And MI Knudsen. as
director of production for the Ma
tional Defense Advisory Commission,
is in position to know whereof he
speaks
The reasons for this serious lag
In defense preparation are not diff
cult to discover Primarily, and
underlying all other causes, is the
simple fact that we have not been
making the best rearmament effort
of which we are capable.
Abundant support for this conten-
ton is to be found in another address
by Mr. Knudsen, delivered last Sep
tember 20. On that occasion, less
than three months ago, Mr. KnudSen
pointed out that we had large manu-
featuring facilities not being fully
used and a surplus of labor In the
large number of unemployed. For
these reasons, he said, it seemed
advisable not to attempt to place
industry on war basis if speed could
be obtained without doing so. We
decided to superimpose the defense
load on the regular business load of
the country in order to first take up
the slack and then adjust it if
necessary"
But the hoped-for speed has not
been forthcoming and in Mr.. Knud-
sens Judgment the time has come
to make adjustments. This short
sighted effort to superimpose the
defense load on normal business
operations should not have been
made in the first place, rejecting,
as it did, a tendency to place undue
emphasis on the preservation of
social gains despite the gravity of
the national emergency. Now we
know, on the excellent authority of
Mr.. Knudsen, that the experiment
has failed, and our prime objective
henceforth should be to remedy these
past mistakes without shedding use
less tears over milk that has already
been spilled.
One remedy suggested by Mr..
Knudsen was that we eliminate our
weekend "blackout"- that we might
go to a siX-day work week to put
"the defense Job on war basis, even
though we are at peace"
Remedies such as these, however,
while potentially helpful, will not be
enough of themselves. Our greatest
national need is for the designation
of some adequately qualified person
as director of the defense program,
with authority to cut through the
numerous obstacles that are impeding
our rearmament effort But this can
be done only if the President will take
the initiative, and it is to be hoped
that Mr.. Roosevelt will lose no time
in taking this step when he returns
to Washington. We have dallied long
enough, and we have received clear
warning of the dangers inherent in
further procrastination. If we are to
act at all, we must act now.
Evening star., 1940-12-14
Objects to Loans to Britain:
Favors Purchase of Islands Instead.

To the Editor Of The Star:
While most of us are overwhelmingly
desirous that Great Britain should be
wholly successful in defending her home
land on the British Isles with the help
we now are giving her, and are confident
that she will be successful, We should
avoid emotionalism, as we'll as acts OF
war, bearing in mind that she has in
our previous sad experience neither been
good pay nor suffused with gratitude for
our assistance.
One may be pardoned for doubling
whether the gentlemen who have called
England good risk are acting with
frankness to the American public COM
parable with their eagerness to accept
soft-soap and ingratiation from the skill
fully smooth and smart-trading British
diplomats representing defaulting
debtor.
1t is assuredly bad business to make
hypocritical "loans" with any element of
"risk" whatsoever, when strategic islands
of our shores necessary for our defense
should be acquired by our Nation out
right and for all time; and instead Of
"loaning," we should buy for cash this
property essential to our convenience
and security.
Why, in the name of common sense
and honest protection OF our own cit
liens for 1t affects every man, woman
and child should we ''risk" any loan"
when there are properties like these
which we should buy and own as We
own Hawaii?
Great Britain owns more Of the earth's
surface than she can either properly
manage or perhaps herself defend. Last
time, at our own expense, we helped
Britain obtain more than 100000 square
miles of land, Mesopotamian oil wells
and the like, and took for our share of
the unhappy partnership, death and
taxes and abuse and her very bad prom
Use to pay the 10 billions we loaned her.
No wonder British propaganda chief
called us "the most gullible sheep in the
world" And we were Uncle Shylocks,"
too, when we asked them to make good
that scrap of paper. No wonder Lloyd
George said few months ago in the
House of Commons, "Britain's promissory
notes are now rubbish on the market"
The 131 900 900 citizens, who are stock
holders of this great Nation, are entitled
to their quid pro quo. No more guilt
bility," no more loan" camouflage, no
more welshing of debts! They are de-
manding better business trading for the
United States.
GEORGE SWINNERTON PARKER.
Daytona Beach, Fla.
Evening star., 1940-12-14
Makes Plea for More
Suburban Building.
TO the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor OF The Star:
One sees new apartment houses being
erected in great numbers, even in the
congested city districts. Should our
cities 60 on indefinitely with this kind
of building? Would it not be wiser to
extend our homes by constructing good
roads, schools, play areas, stores and in
dustries in the great suburban country
around our cities? In Germany, long
since, they disassembled their industries
by spreading machine-part making
factories throughout the country, and
having many assembly plants widely
distributed. Thus homes and factories
were scattered. Two months of school
life for children and teachers are spent
in camps far outside of cities.
The writing on our wall foretells dis
aster unless social planning can offset
the lure of soft living and the tendency
to run up apartments in crowded areas
that in a few years become tenement
slums. There are already too many
children and adults per city block.
Z. B. HENDERSON,.
Evening star., 1940-12-14
Victory in Egypt

Latest reports indicate that Mr..
Churchill spoke with moderation in
telling the House of Commons that
Britain has won a victory of "the
first order" in Africa, and that pre-
vious anxieties regarding the defense
of Egypt have been removed. That
the Italians have in fact suffered
crushing reverse, there is no longer
any question. Captured prisoners
may number as many as twenty
thousand, among them five generals.
When there is final accounting of
the operations around Sidi Barrani,
the total may run even higher. In
addition, Graziani's army has lost
enormous quantities of war material,
now reported to include the entire
stock of food and fuel accumulated
for the invasion of Egypt.
If this last-named booty has fallen
into British hands, it is easily con-
ceivable that General Sir Archibald
Wavells advance may develop into
counteroffensive to blast the Italians
not only out of Egypt, but out of
their own adjacent territory of Libya.
Mr.. Churchill warned Parliament
that it is "too soon to measure the
scale of these operations" but limited
at their extension westward when he
said that the pursuit of the enemy
continues with greatest vigor." The
Prime Minister added that "it would
not be surprising if at least the best
part of three Italian divisions, in
cluding numerous Blackshirt forma-
tions, has either been destroyed or
captured"
Were there any doubt as to the ex-
tent of Italy's defeat, it is removed
by the tone Fascist commentators
are permitted to use in discussing it.
Mussolinis people are now admon-
ished that "crisis" is at hand and
that they must have faith. This is
the highest and most solemn mo-
ment of our war;" says Lavoro
Fascista, continuing: Everybody
must be worthy of the post he occu-
pies and contribute in his field to the
fatherland's success. Any complaint,
any murmuring, is unworthy of the
heroism of our soldiers. No war can
be expected to be an uninterrupted
series of victories" This is not the
language of a regime imbued with
unshatterable confidence in triumph.
1t is a confession of crumbling mo-
rale.
Even the oracular Virginio Gayda
adopts a cheer-up note. Italy" he
writes, "is today the center of the
great imperial struggle against Brit
ish force. She is not yielding on the
battlefront or internally. She is
proudly sustaining her heavy but
glorious burden, which is vital for