davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-02-05
Finland
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occurred yesterday, the communique
said
The attack was stopped before
1t had time to develop, whereupon
the enemy attempted to dig in be-
fore our stations but was driven
back to his starting position" it
said.
The Firms said their air force
"carried out successful reconnoiter-
ing and bombing flights during
which enemy troops, air bases, ct
cetera were bombed"
The communique reported that
fire appeared to have broken out
in a monastery at Valamo after a
Russian air raid.
Defy Night Air Raids.
A new Russian practice, night air
raids on Finland's blacked-out cities,
was described defiantly by Firms as
a doomed effort to break their
morale.
The air attacks continued today
and an official announcement SAID
Swedish ambulances were struck,
but damage was negligible and there
were no casualties among the am
bulance workers.
The night forays, phase OF in
tensifying Soviet air warfare, nave
developed during an unrelentlng
Red Army land offensive, which,
so far has found the Mannerheim
Line impregnable.
In another futile attempt to break
through defenses at Summa, 70
miles south of Viipuri, Firms said
yesterday, the Russians lost more
than 1000 men. Heavy" Soviet
losses also were reported at Muola-
ajarvi, on the same front.
Two Cities Hard Hit.
Two of Finland's main cities,
meanwhile, were hard hit by Rus
sian air raiders. Bomb-ignited fires
burned through the night in the
seaport of Turku and in Viipuri, a
city of about $1,000 population at
the head of the Gulf of Finland.
Explosives rained down from shortly
after dawn until far into the night.
For the past few nights, Red Army
planes have been flying far behind
the Finnish lines. Firms, charging
the Russians bombed at random on
these flights, reported one of the
heaviest raids last night on villages
and farms near Lake Saimaa.
Missiles fell throughout the dark
hours, they said. Commenting that
there was nothing in the area except
Evening star., 1940-02-05
200, 900 Tons Declared
Lost in 7O-Doy Period

BERLIN, Feb. S (P.-Loss of at
least 100000 tons of shipping space
was inflicted by the German air
force on Britain, France and neu-
tral nations between January 81
and 81, the official German news
agency, DNB, reported today.
The German high command had
placed the total loss in that period
at 145,603 tons, but DNB raised
the figure, estimating many more
steamers, whose names have not
been established. were damaged so
seriously that presumably the
greater part tailed to reach home
ports"
Authoritative British sources
called the German claims absurd. +"
Unofficial estimates in London put
losses for the January 21-31 period
about 73027 tons.
Evening star., 1940-02-05
Lincoln Day Boil
Plans Are Mupped

Plans for a Lincoln day ball, spon-
sored by District, Maryland and Vir-
ginia Republican organizations and
to be held on Lincoln's birthday at
the Raleigh Hotel, are being per-
fected by a committee headed by
Philip King, jr.
Albert E. Conradis has been named
chairman of the Floor Committee
assisted by Malcolm S. Sharpe, r
Duncan Clark and Ramsey Bready
as vice chairmen.
Evening star., 1940-02-05
Soviet Honors IS of Ship
Caught in Ice n Months
BY the Associated Press

By the Associated Press.
MOSCOW, Feb. 5.-The Is mem
bers of the crew of the Russian
icebreaker Sedoff, which drifted 81
months in the Arctic ice, each re-
ceived the title of hero of the So
Wet Union and $4,000 rubles (S5 5,O0O)
yesterday.
Capt. K. S. Badigan and his IA
companions each received also the
Order of Lenin and the medal
Gold Star.
Comdr. Ivan Papanin, leader of
the expedition which freed the Sc
dof from the ice, and members of
the crew of the rescuing icebreaker
Joseph Stain also were honored.
Evening star., 1940-02-05
Minesweeper
Continued From First Page.

reached port with one injured crew.
man.
Swedish steamer Mertainen, 4,531
tons, struck by one bomb, no casual
ties among crew.
Six Missing on Life Raft.
Belgian steamer Charlotte, six of
whose 10 crewmen were missing on
life raft. Four reached land
Lloyds register lists no Belgian
Charlotte.
Bodies of three German airmen,
one of them wearing an Iron Cross,
were washed ashore at Drubridge
Bay in Northumberland, apparently
the crew of a bomber shot down
Saturday off Tynemouth.
The British steamer Harlech
Castle rescued four of the crew of
another bomber, shot down in the
North Sea. One German died aboard
ship, and the fifth of the bomber S
crew drowned.
Coal Shortage Hits Britain.
A coal shortage-due to bad
weather which disrupted traffic
has shut down some steel and cot
ton plants in Britain as we'll as
leaving many homes without fuel.
The Mayor of Manchester tele-
graphed the minister of mines en-
phasizing the desperate positions
of the citizens in his city.
Manufacturing plants forced to
shut down are in Sheffield.
In Glasgow police distributed free
logs from trees felled in seven public
parks to ease the shortage.
Huge stocks of coal were awaiting
delivery in the South Yorkshire
mine fields but transport was slow
Evening star., 1940-02-05
Justice Black Improves
From Influenza Attack

Associate Justice Hugo Black of
the Supreme Court, who is in
George Washington University
Hospital with an attack of influ-
enza, showed marked improve
ment" over night, his physician, DR..
Paul Dickens, said today.
Evening star., 1940-02-05
New Philippine Master
Feared by AguinoIdo
BY the Associated Press.

BY the ASSOcldted PreSS.
MANILA, Feb. 5.-Gen. Emilio
Aguinaldo, leader in the Philip
pine insurrection, said today the
FiIpinos might get new master"
should difficulties break out" be-
tween the United States and Japan.
Aguinaldo said he hoped good
will and understanding would pre-
vail between the two nations be-
cause in 1916 there is every danger
we might not get independence at
all. We might get a new master"
Evening star., 1940-05-15

the allied armies or Britain's sea
communications is not yet certain.
The latter seems still, on the basis
OF available evidence, the more likely
OF the two, but even so the Germans
may try to drive on fof the Belgian
coast and the channel ports, and
will certainly do their best to take
iceland.
In some or all of these efforts they
may succeed. If they take the
Channel ports. the situation passes
from grave to desperate for the
allies. If they are halted anywhere
short Of that, they have won much,
but not yet attained a decisive VIC
tory. II they are counter-attacked
and driven back so that they gain
none of these three objectives, they
have suffered a severe setback for
which the possession of most of the
Netherlands will be poor compensa-
ton.
These are the Capabilities" to
which, OF course, must be added
those In more distant theaters-an
attempt to break through the Magi-
not Line elsewhere, or a drive
through Switzerland-perhaps with
Italian cooperation. The work of a
military commentator is not that of
q prophet; he can only point out
what may be done. not what will be
done. That knowledge time alone
can bring.
Copyright, 1910, New York Tribune, Inc.)
Evening star., 1940-05-15
Red Cross War Drive
For S150,000 Here
Gains Momentum
Henry F. Grady and
George Voss Named
To Key Campaign Posts

The $150,000 war relief fund drive
Of the District Red Cross-a part OF
the 10000, 900 national campaign
gathered momentum today following
the appointment Of leaders In two
key positions in the drive.
Henry F. Grady, assistant Secre-
tary Of State, was named vice chair
man in charge Of the Government
departments late yesterday. while
George Vass accepted charge OF
solicitations in the city's financial
institutions. The appointments were
made by Bruce Baird, District cam
paign chairman.
In announcing the vice chairmen,
Mr.. Baird emphasized that all funds
collected in the drive will be applied
wholly and exclusively to war relief
work and no part used in the regular
Red Cross activities nor to meet the
expenses Of the campaign.
Taylor Ordered to Brussels.
The American Red Cross, mean
while, ordered Wayne Chatfield Tav-
lor, head Of its European mission, to
proceed to Brussels Immediately to
map out relief program for Bel
GUM. At the same time the British
Red Cross was asked by cable to
purchase $4,000 worth of the most
urgently-needed hospital and medi-
cal supplies for rush shipment to
Belgium and the Netherlands Red
Cross Societies.
Previously the American Red
Cross had announced a cash con-
tribution of 100000 to the Belgian
organization, including 40 ambu-
iances and a number of field am
Dulances being purchased in the
United States. To date the Ameri-
can Red Cross has placed orders for
$50 air-conditioned ambulances and
ioo auxiliary hospital trucks for use
IN Belgium, the Netherlands and
other war zones in Europe.
Mr.. Taylor will go to Brussels
by way Of Paris, where he also will
ascertain the needs of the French
Red Cross, he informed national
headquarters by transatlantic tele-
phone yesterday.
Landon Joins in Appeal.
More than 100000 surgical dress
lngs were in New York warehouse
today, ready for shipment by the
flrst available boat to the Low
Countries, it was announced.
Former Gov. Alfred M. Landon
OF Kansas joined in the appeal last
night for contributions to the sl0.-
100000 campaign Ito meet the needs
which are each day increasing with
frlghtful rapidity." His statement
was released through the st. Louis
or1ce OF the Red Cross.
A pledge of cooperation of the
American Hebrew CONGREGATIONS
was received from the president.
Robert p. Goldman OF Cincinnati
The Hawaiian Red Cross Chapter
also called its full support and CO.
operation.
Evening star., 1940-05-15

permitted to do so by the Germans
and why, indeed, these latter had
taken such pains to prevent the
migration. Unquestionably, what
Germany sought most in Luxem-
bOurg was not the strategical ad-
vantage, because there is none worth
mentioning, but principally the man
power and the inhabitants personal
possessions.
Germany needs workers, especially
on the farms, and also any gold and
silver that may be had.
When the Archduchess Charlotte's
car was ordered to stop by Ger
man fifth columnists, her chauffeur
simply rushed on, probably being
well informed of what was happen
ing.
French Capture Parachutists.
Among the Germans first acts
when the invasion began was to
send parachute troops into Luxem-
bourg. The French cavalry forces
which entered soon afterward, cap
tured several Of these groups. They
Immediately discovered they were
all officers. They were sent simply
to command fifth column elements
already on the ground.
Although the French Army has
made no substantial resistance to
the occupation of Luxembourg, it
has known for a long time that
Germany was preparing for this
move. Arrangements had already
been made to receive Luxembourgers
who wished to take refuge in France
but due to the fifth columns block
ing the roads. it is now believed
that only about 10000 managed to
escape.
Most Of these are now in Metz,
Longwy and other towns near the
Luxembourg frontier, from which
they will be evacuated to other parts
Of France. t
BY allowing the Germans to come
through Luxembourg to the French
fortified positions, France has every
advantage she held before, with
the added fact that the battlefront
Is now much longer.
Germany's notorious lack of
trained reserves will make this ex-
tended front trebly difficult to man.
while France has at present more
thoroughly trained men under arms
than she can provide with useful
military missions.
Evening star., 1940-05-15
German Trains
For Chile Lost
In Sea Mystery

The whereabouts Of the Norwe-
gian ship Belray, which sailed from
Genoa nearly three months ago for
Valparaiso, with a cargo of railway
material purchased In Germany, still
remains a mystery, according to a
report received by the Commerce
Department from the American
Embassy at Santiago. Soon after the
outbreak Of the European war, ar
rangements were made between the
Chilean and British governments
to permit the transport to Chile via
Genoa, Of railway material which
Chile had bought in Germany
before the war started.
In accordance with this agree
ment, the Belray left Genoa on
February ~, with a cargo reported
to consist Of Diesel electric trains.
and complete equipment and re-
placement for these trains. On
April 4. the Belray passed through
the Panama Canal and headed
down the coast. Four days later,
Germany invaded Norway, and from
that date no word has been re-
ceived from the ship, and all at
tempts at radio communication have
failed.
Chilean authorities believe that
one OF three things may have hap
pened First, the captain of the
Belray, uncertain of the status Of
his ship and fearing capture, may
have taken his vessel into some out
of-the-way port. Second, the British
may have taken the Belray. Spokes-
men for the British government
deny this, according to reports from
Chile. Third, the ship may have
foundered.
The value of the Belray's cargo
is estimated at $1,000 900, United
States currency. The Chilean rail-
ways are in urgent need of the new
equipment. The apparent disap-
pearance Of the ship has therefore
given the Chilean authorities much
concern.
Evening star., 1940-05-15
Allies Mass in Southwest Belgium Last Stand in Low Countries
CoIored Cadet Companies
Hold Drills Tomorrow

Colored cadet companies from
Dunbar, Armstrong and Cardozo
High Schools will hold their 48th
annual competitive drills at Griffith
Stadium beginning at 9 am. to-
morrow and climaxing with a review
at 4:30 pm.
Col. Harry o. Atwood, professor
Of military science and tactics, said
the drill routines would stress de-
fenss' against airplane attack and
other innovations of modern war
fare.
Reviewing guests Of honor will be
captains Of winning companies OF
former years led by 1t. Benjamin
Washington, now on the faculty of
Armstrong High School, who had
the winning unit at the first drill
in the Metropolitan Baptist Church
in 1893.
The three battaIons have been
rehearsil1g daily for the drills, which
last year were won by Cardozo.
Evening star., 1940-05-15
Showers Tonight Due
To Check Heat al SO

Clouds which will release showers
tonight and tomorrow morning are
likely to check the heat at SO de-
srees today, according to the
Weather Bureau.
Yesterday thermometers reached
. peak Of 81 degrees at 6 pm, ap-
parently causing heat prostration
to two men. George F. Downing,
70, of 3408 Oliver street NV, top
pied while crossing Connecticut
avenue at Morrison street, but was
taken home by motorist and re-
fused medical attention, police re-
ported. Frustrated in a park at
Fifth and E streets NV, was Clin-
ton Crawford, ~, of the HOO block
of Sixth street Sc. He was treated
at Casualty Hospital.
Coolest temperature today was
"a degrees at 6 an, but by $50 the
sun drove it up to 78 degrees-the
came as yesterday.
Evening star., 1940-05-15
Luxembourg Seizure
By Nazi Fifth Column
Barred by Refugees
RoyoI Family Narrowly
Escapes Capture in
Flight to France
BY WILLIAM BIRD.

ON THE LUXEMBOURG FROM
TIER. May i5.-N.A.NA. by Radio)
-Of all the small states that have
been overwhelmed by the German
war technique, none merits more
sympathy than Luxembourg. This
principality has been more defense
less than any other, Its army con-
sisting Of Just $50 policemen.
This writer has known Luxem-
bourg for many years as q quiet,
peaceful country Of superb scenery,
with no possible interest in taking
sides between rival powers.
Almost under my very eyes, Lux
embourg has been brutalized, its
citizens reduced to near slavery and
its ruling family. which endeavored
to maintain an even balance be-
tween belligerents, forced to fee.
Chauffeur Saved Rulers.
While I waited here on the Lux
embourg borders Monday the Arch
duchess Charlotte and Prince-Re-
gent Felix managed by daring ma
neuvers Of their chauffeur to get
over the frontier into France. Sew
eral other automobiles which were
following them with members Of
their household were machine
gunned by Nazi sympathizers, who,
with extraordinary foresight, had
been posted in advance along all
roads leading out OF the country.
The German fifth column tactics
IN Luxembourg will seem incredible
to people who have not. as I have,
talked to refugees. Germany's in
vasion by air began at about
o'clock on the morning Of May 10
BY 7 o'clock, throughout Luxem-
bourg, in every village. groups of
civilians began to spring up armed
with automatic rifles. Along every
road leading out of the country peo-
pie trying to flee into France were
stopped and turned back. On many
roads, trees were felled across the
highway SO that Luxembourgers
might not seek haven in a friendly
country.
Frances army on this frontier had
been prepared for this move for
eight months, but owing to the al
lied policy Of avoiding unnecessary
infringement Of neutral rights, the
French were several hours late in
responding to the German attack.
The Germans had obtained more
than three hours start before the
French were given orders to start.
Germans in Civilian Clothes,
When the first cavalry contingents
entered Luxembourg they quickly
captured several machine guns
manned by Germans in civilian
clothes and using weapons of the
latest German model. Shortly AFTER
ward they were confronted by con-
tingents of parachute jumpers,
dropped from German airplanes and
equipped with automatic weapons,
who apparently had been sent
chiefly to prevent Luxembourgers
from fleeing into France.
People may wonder why the Lux
embourgers who wanted to leave
their country should not have been
Evening star., 1940-05-15
BY MAJ. GEORGE FIELDING
ynr

GAxOxs
The fears expressed in yesterdays
article on two points have proved
but too well founded.
l. The Germans have broken
through the main Dutch positions
before Utrecht and there is nothing
to show that any foundations in this
area were carried out. This seems
certainly due to fifth column work.
2. A fast-moving German mech
anized column has penetrated the
gap between, the Dutch and Belgian
defense positions, south of the
Mas, ahrough the provinces of Linn
burg and Noord Brabant, and has
made contact with the German air
troops south of Rotterdam.
These two occurrences have
brought Dutch resistance to an end.
save in the province Of iceland and
the western part of Noord Brabant,
where allied reinforcements are re-
ported as arriving The strength
of the German forces here is not
clear, and it is not yet certain
whether iceland can be saved or
whether Antwerp can be protected
from direct attack from the north.
Certainly, as pointed out yesterday,
the preservation of iceland at least
from German invasion Is well worth
a determined allied effort, since it
is here that the Germans would
find the most effective air and sub
marine bases for operations against
the British Isles.
Main Battle Aleng the Meuse.
Meanwhile, the main battle is de-
veloping along the Meuse between
Liege and Sedan. with the Germans
arriving at the river line in consid-
cradle force. The forts of Liege, at
least in part, appear still in Belgian
hands. There is nothing as yet to
indicate any German crossing Of
the Meuse south of Liege. The Ger
mans are in Sedan, where their
southwark advance has been stopped
by the fire of the main French de-
fense line; the loss of the town itself
is Of no great military importance.
The chief feature Of interest in
the German advance to the Meuse Is
the rapidity with which they pene-
trated the wooded and hilly region
of the Belgian Ardennes, where
special defense measures and spe-
cially trained troops were supposed
to be able seriously to delay any in
vader.
North of Liege the German mech
anized units which crossed at Mas
tricht and near Eben Amael and
forced the Albert Canal between
Hasselt and Liege have penetrated
deep into Belgium and have fought
a desperate battle with French
mechanical elements in the vicinity
of st. Trond. The Germans are
reported advancing both north and
south Of the canal, but their prog
ress appears to be meeting with in
creasing opposition.
A number Of possibilities are now
to be envisaged. Yesterday atten-
ton was invited to the dinculty Of
ascertaining the German objective.
It is simply to make sure of their
grip on the Netherlands, and then
to assail Great Britain by sea and
Evening star., 1940-05-15
French Attack on Moostjcht
Believed Likely by Maj. Eliot
Counter Blow Might Break Noz Drive
flair Superiority Is Not Too Great

air? Or does the Germany Army
think itself, with its superior air
force, capable of trying for knock
out blow against the allied armies in
Northern France? Or, the Neither
lands being largely overrun, do the
Belgian coast and perhaps even
the Channel ports Dunkerque, CAL
ais, Boulogne) become further Ger
man objectives in their attack on
Great Britain?
Counter Measures Certain.
There is no way to tell. But OF
one thing We may rest confident
the French general staff has not
been taken by surprise and is even
now concerting counter-measures
Upon the nature and fortune of
these counter-meashres will rest, in
large part, the outcome Of the next
few days fighting. What may hap
pen Is:
l. Sterilization on the Meuse
This would leave a sharp allied
salient thrust, out between the
Meuse and the Albert Canal. even
If the German mechanical elements
now in this area can be driven out
2. Sterilization OH the line Ant
Werp : Namur Sedan. This is q
shorter line, weak in its northern
half, and depends on the firm hold
ing Of the fortress of Antwerp, and
to some extent of iceland
3. A German break-through clear
to the Belgian coast driving the
allies back to the French frontier
Notifications all along the Franco
Belgian frontier, and imperiling the
Channel ports. Or a reak-through
at Sedan might be attempted.
4. It Is possible that the French
are now collecting a mass of ma
neuvers In Belgian Flanders, with
the mission of striking eastward
from a takeod line Antwerp-Brus-
sells directed upon Maastricht. This
move, If successful, would imperil
the whole of the German forces
now in the loop of the Meuse. It
is by far the most likely develop
ment, provided always (a) that Ger
man air superiority is not so great
as to prevent its getting under way;
CO. that the allies, having regard
to their Italian anMeties, have
enough troops to spare to make 1t
strong enough.
For the moment, the Germans
have attained none of their ob1ec-
tives. They have conquered most Of
Evening star., 1940-05-15

the Netherlands, but they do not
have the vital province of iceland,
the possession of which could be
their only motive for invading the
Netherlands. They have penetrated
into Belgium. but they have neither
destroyed the Belgian army nor
have they reduced to complete pos
session the key position of Liege.
They have widened their front as
against the French by adding to it
the section between the Moselle and
the Meuse, but they have inflicted
no serious defeat on any large
French force. In other words, they
have advanced. they have gained
important new. positions, but they
are far as yet, from any knockout
blow, save against the Dutch army;
they have added is Belgian divisions
to the sum total of their enemies
and their further accomplishments
remain for the future to disclose.
They are probably able to put into
the line on the western front total
of 60 to 30 infantry divisions and
10 mechanized divisions; the allies
should have here about 10 infantry
divisions (assuming say 20 held on
the Italian frontier) and 10 to IL
mechanized or partly mechanical
divisions.
The Germans do not, therefore,
save In the air, possess the degree
OF superiority necessary for a great
decision. Can their air advantage,
plus their really wonderful co-ordin-
alton, speed and boldness and their
behind-the-lines technique give
them decisive victory? This is the
question that must be in all minds.
He would be a bold man who would
try to answer it categorically. Yet
one may venture this far with as
surance: The French Army and it's
excellent staff are not standing idly
by while the Germans roll forward
to a new series of effortless con-
quests. OF all the possible German
maneuvers against France, the at
tempt to repeat the 1914 swing
through has certainly received the
greatest share of attention from the
French war plans section. We should
keep that in mind for the next few
days.