davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-06-24
Turkey, Stimulated
By Developments,
Prepares 10 Fight
Coils More Reserves
As ItoIy Menoces
In Mediterranean
By JAMES ALDRIDGE.

ISTANBUL, June "a (N.AN.A).-
The shock of the German-French
parleys caught the Turks so much
off balance for some days that they
considered all lost, not only for
themselves, but for all Europe.
Feeling that, they prepared gloomily
to defend only their own shores.
But today. as the French Empire
talked of carrying on, the British
talked determination and the United
States talked action. the Turks saw
new nope of carrying on in full
role as Mediterranean power.
This does not mean the Turks are
contemplating entering the war. On
the contrary, the Turks still say
they are not entering the war. At
the same time they are taking the
attitude that war will come to Tur-
key almost inevitably. With this
eventually in mind Trukey is calling
more reserves, installing air raid
sirens. rushing work on commune
cations which are notoriously bad
here and, in fact, rapidly reaching
a war footing.
Turks Apprekensive.
The longer Italy remains inactive
in the Mediterranean the longer
the Turks have to prepare, but
Italy's hesitancy in padding what
it has referred to as its lake is
wearing Turkish nerves thin. Sur
rounded by hot spots, in any one
of which italy is likely to make
trouble, the Turks are wondering
how to distribute their forces. 1t
is a big problem because commune
cations here are so bad.
At the moment, the Turks prob
ably have their best troops in Istan-
bul along the Dardanelles. This
town is filled with soldiers, WELL
trained, tough looking fellows who
remind one of the Firms. Dressed
In gray. canvas jackets. they might
be the brothers of the Firms I saw
fight so well against Russia.
Ignore Nazi Rush.
However, there is this difference
between the Turks and the Firms.
Most Turks definitely do not fear
an attack from the Soviet. probably
because Turkey cannot be influenced
by NaZis or others. I saw one good
Illustration of this while en- route
here. At Bucharest. the plane was
held for a Nazi official who was
bowing to Rumanians. At Istanbul
airport. the Nazi was the first to
land and was greeted by German
Embassy officials. Heiling Hitler,
the officials tried to rush their newly
arrived compatriot through the GUS
toms and passport inspection like, a
shot, but the Turks were firm. They
took ladies first.
The Turks are determined. but
need arms. It's air force particularly
has been sadly depleted by pilots
who neglect to check their gasoline
or down the landing gear and SO
crash.
Meanwhile, they wait real war;
in the Mediterranean. not without
hoping it will be settled elsewhere.
Evening star., 1940-06-24
War Communicates

German
BERLIN, June "a R-The
German high command issued
the tollo,Oino con,nunique to-
day:
The Atlantic coast was occupied
as far as the mouth of the Gironde.
La Rochelle and Rochefort were
taken.
Further east the region north of
Poitiers was reached. Among the
tremendous amount of steadily
growing booty big store, with artil-
lery munitions, fell into our hands
here.
In Alsace-Lorraine q number OF
scattered enemy groups surrendered
and additional fortifications of the
Maginot line were taken.
Southeast of Lyon our troops are
breaking through enemy resistance
to advance toward Grenoble ano
Chambery. During the night o1
June 1924 our speedboats of
Dungeness sank an armed English
steamer Of $500 tons and another
steamer Of 5000 tons.
One U-boat reported sinking
23,500 registered tons of shipping
The activity of the air force was
limited to North Sea reconnaissance
German chasers bagged two British
nghtlng planes at Calais. OF about
nine British airplanes which in the
afternoon attempted to enter the
Netherlands six were shot down by
chasers and anti-aircraft fire.
Under the protection of heavy
clouds, two or three of seven planes
penetrated as far as Westphalia
where they bombed the cottages of
the little village of Wieschenhoffen
and machine-gunned the tenants.
Two civilians were severely in
jured and four others slightly
wounded. During sthe night the
enemy continued flights into North
ern and Western Germany.
Bombs dropped at many places
on non-military targets caused ma
terial damage, killed a number OF
people and injured civilians. Sew
eral bombs fell on a prisons camp
on the Baltic coast, killing and in
Jurlng a number Of Frenchmen.
In fights south OF Toul in the
course Of the night of June 21-22
First 1t. Klote of an infantry regi-
ment, accompanied by two grour
leaders and 20 men of his company
by dauntless and energetic action
forced three infantry and two ar
tillery regiments to surrender and
disarm.
Evening star., 1940-06-24
Alaskan Air Service
Links Western Hemispheye

BY the Associated Press.
SEATTLE. June 24.-Passenper
travel between the States and Alas
ka becomes matter of hours instead
OF days today with the opening OF
the first regularly scheduled air.
hne to the United States northern
most territory. once served only by
dog teams and slow ships.
Pan-America Airways' Alaska
Clipper, 34-passenger four-en-
gined flying boat. was booked heav-
lily with notables for its initial off,
cial flight to Juneau, Alaskas cap
ital.
Fastest ships today require four
days for the voyage. In gold rush
days it took weeks The Clippers
schedule calls for 7 hours and 10
minutes flying time. including a
stopover at Ketchikan, Alaska.
The Clipper will connect at Juneau
with existing airlines linking the
capital to other Alaskan cities.
Evening star., 1940-06-24

nique failed, however. to mention
two 35,000-ton battleships, the
Jean Bart and the Gascogne,
which have been under construc-
ton at st. NaZaire)
Scattered Groups Mopped Up.
Fighting in Alsace-Lorraine was
reported ended with the capture of
more than 10000 prisoners. includ-
ing the commanders of the 3rd, 5th
and 9th French armies. The high
command also announced capture
of the fort of Mutzig, described as
the strongest fortiflcation in the
Strasbourg region. and said scat
tered groups in the Vosges were
being mopped up.
German flyers were credited with
sinking two transports, one of TO-
900 and the other of 1000 tons, off
the French coast. A Nazi submarine
was reported to have sunk a 16,090-
ton Allied tanker in convoy.
In an article describing the nego-
tiations in Compiegne Forest, where
France signed her armstice agree
ment with Germany Saturday, DNB,
official German news agency, report
ed the French ENJOYS accepted Nazi
terms only 40 minutes before the
dead line allowed them.
No Comment on Terms.
Authorized German sources de-
clined comment on the British yer.
sion of armistice terms offered to
France.
There has been no official revela-
ton of the terms and all that can
be said is that one of the conditions
is the complete elimination of the
possibility that France can be OF
further military aid to England,
one stated.
Official quarters followed with in
terest, but without comment, the
British reputation of the Bordeaux
government and news that q
French national Committee" was
being established in London under
Gen. Charles de Gaulle.
DNB published a Rome dispatch
saying that Gen. de Gauue had
been expelled from the French Army
by Premier Petain's Bordeaux gov.
ernment and commented:
This was the only thing that
could be done in view of such trai.
torous action"
Claim British Excluded.
German editors asserted that with
France at the point of capitula.
Evening star., 1940-06-24
French


BORDEAUX. June "a LP.-The
tert OF the French high CON-
nadnd communique tollo,ps.:
In the west no important events.
In the center lively fighting took
place In the environs of st. Etienne.
In the southeast the Germans
succeeded in advancing in the re-
gion of Culoz in a southerly direc-
ton.
In the Alps, italian attacks were
renewed, but were broken by our
advance posts and nowhere preached
our line of resistance. The enemy
suffered serious losses.
Italian
ROME. June "a P.-The Ital-
ian high command issued the
tolloiDing communiQue today:
Further raids were carried out in
Macaaca yesterday, two buildings
destroyed and several fires started
Active reconnaissance took place
on other fronts.
Despite strong enemy fortifica-
tlons IN high mountains and strong
enemy resistance as well as bad
weather conditions, our offensive
could not be held by the enemy and
our troops gained notable successes
A series Of forts were taken
Briancon. Isere, Tiriere and others
The advance of Italian troops is
being continued on all fronts, our
troops penetrating into enemy forti-
f1cations and threatening him from
the rear.
In the southern part of the
Tyrrhenian Sea an enemy SUBJ
marine was sunk by our submarine
chasers.
Italian aviation carried out in
tense activity despite unfavorable
atmospheric conditions.
The bases of Malta and the
arsenal Of Bizerte were bombed. Two
Italian planes failed to return.
In North Africa the bases of Mersa
and Matruh were attacked and
British formations of troops and
tanks were bombed. All our planes
returned to their bases.
In East Africa the bases of Jibuti
and Berbera and enemy troops at
kenya were successfully attacked.
Enemy raids on Massowa, Assab and
Diredawa were driven off.
Yesterday afternoon enemy planes
bombed Palermo without damage to
military objectives. but Is persons
were killed and l53 injured. One
enemy plane was brought down by
anti-aircraft gunfire.
Evening star., 1940-06-24
Cabinet Member Denies
BELGIUM Will End Fiqht
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, June 24.-Henri
Jaspar, Belgian cabinet minister, de-
MED last night in London radio
address picked up here that the
refugee Belgian government intend
ed to abandon the fight against
Germany.
He declared that until other men,
bers of the Belgian government
reached London he would undertake
the responsibility to speak alone.
Our place." he said, lis beside
those who fight on for independence
and liberty. To them we bring all
the resources at our disposal in
Europe and the Congo"
Evening star., 1940-06-24
Nozi Troops Drive
Further Into France

BERLIN, June "a R).-Getting
poised to battle Britain singly, Ger
many sent her troops crashing on
new inroads into weakened, bat
tered France today.
The high command acknowledged
some French units still were put
ting up a stiff fight, but declared
Nazis we're pushing on toward Gren-
oble, about SIS miles southeast Of
Lyon, and Chambery, so miles east
and little south of Lyon.
Extending their grip on French
coast vantage points which could
support drive on the United King
dom. the Germans moved to the
mouth of the Gironde River, a little
more than so miles northwest of
Bordeaux. and claimed La Rochelle
and Rochefort.
Raeder Inspects Naval Units.
AS part of Nazi preparation for
war on Britain, DNB, official Ger
man news agency. reported that
Grand Admiral Erich Raeder, COM
mander-i in -chief of the German
Navy, had inspected naval units and
naval facilities on the Dutch, Bel
gian and Northern French coasts,
ito convince himself of their readi-
ness for action and availability
against England"
A German U-boat reported the
sinking of 23,500 registered tons Of
shipping, the high command said.
British bombing planes, in a day.
light attack June 81, destroyed the
vacated Netherlands naval hos
pital at Den Helder, DNB reported.
The agency said numerous ci-
villains were injured and one work.
man was killed by the bombs. All
patients had been removed from
the hospital a short time before the
attack, DNB declared.
DNB also said British bombers
killed three French prisoners of war
and wounded three other inmates
Of a prison camp near Hamburg
last night.
The high commands communique,
Issued earlier, said several bombs
fell on a prisoners camp on the
SOdSl, hllllllS dllu
a number of Frenchmen.'
1t was not clear whether the two
Incidents were the same.
Armistice Word Expected Hourly.
The completion of French Italian
armistice negotiations, which would
put German conditions in effect
and stop hostilities on French soil
was expected hourly.
French Italian armistice neeotia-
tions were reported to be proceeding
satisfactorily; formal announcement
of agreement was expected at any
time, releasing all energies of the
Rome-Berlin axis for a direct as
sault on Britain.
The possibility of hitch in the
French-Italian negotiations which
might delay cessation of hostihties
in France was not regarded seriously
here in view of the military situa-
ton.
The last vestiges of French resist
ance were reported crumbling be-
fore the Nazi armies, leaving France
completely at the mercy of Adolf
Hitler.
The high command announced
the capture of st. Nazaire, great
French. shipbuilding center at the
mouth of the Loire. with enormous
booty and declared German forces
were advancing steadily along the
Rhone Valley.
CThe high command con1mu-
Evening star., 1940-06-24
Petoin Godson Forming Group
To Continue Fight for France
Nations S Future Lost
Under Nuzi Terms,
De GouIIe Says
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
A husky, handsome French SOL
dier who vainly risked his profess
sional neck five years ago to demand
mechanization of the army brand
ished aloft today the standard of a
free France, defying the govern
ment that bowed to Germany.
He is Charles de Gaulle. self-ap-
pointed head of French National
Committee, organized in London
with British support to continue
the war.
Although he is a godson of
Frances famous Marshal Henri
Philippe Petain, Gen. de Gaule a
short month ago was a mere colonel
of infantry, notable primarily be-
cause of his 6-foot-2-inch height in
an army whose officers don't often
run so tall.
On May IS, Gen. Maxine Wey-
gand, when he took over the al
ready -punctured French defenses
and started firing generals right
and left, remembered the young
officer who had scoffed at the Wal
Colleges faith in the Maginot Line
and argued for tanks and armored
cars and planes.
Elevated in Rank.
Result: Gen. de Gaulle, still in
his 40s was elevated to major gen.
eral.
Paul .Reynaud. then Premier, al
ready knew De Gaulle; had backed
him, in fact, when he urged the
Chamber Of Deputies in 1885 to au-
thorize mechanization of at least 1C
army divisions.
On June s NJ. Reynaud made Gen
de Gaulle his special assistant in
charge of war department matters
as undersecretary of war in his
cabinet.
One June 16. when Marshal Petain
became Premier, Gen De Gaulls
kept his job.
Later he went to England, os-
tensibly to confer on military mat
ters.
Last Saturday night he broadcast
an appeal to all Frenchmen to keep
up the struggle against Germany
and yesterday he announced mis-
new committee, with jurisdiction
over all French citizens in Great
Evening star., 1940-06-24
hazis and Italians
Launch 0ffensives
On French in Alps
Defenders Reserve Units
Move to Mediterranean
En- Route to Africa
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
CLANCY, Swiss French Frontier,
June 24-The Germans and the
Italians launched simultaneous Of
fensives today against the front and
rear OF the French Alpine Army.
The Germans, moving from the
north and east, attacked the power
full lEcluse fort east of Bellegarde,
where a garrison of about 1000 kept
watch just outside the Savoyan
border.
German tanks and armored
cars entered the famous French
lake resort of Air les Bains, be-
tween the Alps and the Jura,
late this afternoon, according to
reports received at the French
Swiss frontier.)
South of Bellegarde the Germans
also attacked in the Grenoble area.
drawing many French troops from
the front where the Italians in
creased their pressure on the high
Alpine passes.
French Alpine forces were weak
ened both in morale by the armistice
negotiations and in number by the
movement of many reserves toward
Mediterranean ports. where they
hoped to get transportation to North
Africa to continue the fight. Re-
ports said they were trying to reach
the naval base of Toulon.
The garrisons of French forts
high in the Alps, however, met the
attacks with fierce resistance.
Although the italian communi-
que said the offensive began last
Friday, French sources declared the
Italian action had been limited to
small attacks and attempts at in
filtration which were easily repulsed
until last yesterday.
Only occasional gunfire during
about Is minutes of each day had
been heard since June 81 from
points on the Swiss mountain from
tier.
Evening star., 1940-06-24

running time between Buenos Aires
and Miami four and one-half days
on the west route and five and one
half on the east via Rio de Janeiro
The first of Pan-Amerlcan's Boe-
ing-built, four-engined "strato clip
pers to fly "above the weather" a,
$1,000 to 20,000-foot levels-will op-
crate twice weekly on the direct
l,20o-mile route across the Carib-
bean Sea between Miami and Bar
ranquilla. Connections will be made
at Barranquilla for points further
south.
Evening star., 1940-06-24

ton, England now faces a continent
from which British political influ-
ence has been excluded.
Authorities would say nothing,
concerning reports from abroad that
Germany contemplated taking the
initiative in an economic reorgani-
zation permanently excluding or
limiting English economic enterprise
on the continent.
The well-informed Frankfurter
Zeitung, however, declared that "the
pattern of European war economy
already indicates tendencies which
may be carried over into peace"
Evening star., 1940-06-24
British Use of Tea
Has Risen With
German Air Raids
1y the Associated Press.

1y the Associated Press.
LONDON, June 24.-Tea con-
sumption has increased because
of air raids, the British Food
Minister, Lord Frederick James
Woolton, noted today.
II can understand the need
for q cup of tea after an air
raid" he said. but I should be
glad IL the public would at other
times 60 a little low with tea"
Lord Woolton assured the
kingdom that. Until I impose
fresh restrictions, the public
need not fear about supplies.
Some of our stocks" he
added, "and those most vital,
are greater than they have been
at any time in the history of
our country"
Evening star., 1940-06-24

nique failed, however. to mention
two 35,000-ton battleships, the
Jean Bart and the Gascogne,
which have been under construc-
ton at ST. NaZaire)
Imperial Valley press., 1940-05-14
ARMY MANEUVERS
New York TimeS)

The large-Scale army manCuvcrS plan
ned for this summer are clearly intended
solely for one purpose: to strengthen our
defenses at their weakest point. There
is not the slightest reason to regard the
army's plans in any other light 1t is
not looking beyond our coastline, it is
not training an "eXpeditonary force
and it is not pointing its plans remotely
in that direction. 1t is concerned exclu-
sively with the problem of increasing
the efficiency of forces which have been
neglected for too long and of providing
for our own people a reasonable measure
of security in a war-torn world.
Experience such as was gained last
year at Plattsburg has plainly shown
that the National Guard (now in process
OF expansion to an authorized enlisted
strength of 235,000 mem is particularly
IN need of additional training. Present
plans call for a continuous period Of
three weeks of field training this sum
mer, instead of the customary two weeks,
and arrangements have been completed,
subject to final congressional approval.
TO put practically all of the country'S
national guardSmen and available regu-
lars in the field-in four different army
areas-in order to give them much-need-
ed experience in the integration of all
arms into modern combat teams and
to train troops in the difficult art of de-
fenSe. The schedule now in view calls
for one week of preliminary training Of
small units and artillery firing, to be fol
lowed by two weeks Of large-Scale man
euVerS.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-05-14
Editorials and Comment
TUESDAY, MAY a. 1910
YOUTHFUL CRIMINALS
ON THE INCREASE
Nevada State JournaD

The problem presented 10y the youth
tul criminal is a matter of vital concern.
The average age of offenders in the Unit
ed States is now appreciably lower than
1t was a decade ago
Of the 554 1916 fingerprinted arrests in
this country in 1888. more than half of
the alleged offenders were under thirty
years of age. More than eighteen per
cent were under tWentY-One years of age
and 800 per cent were under tWenty-fiVc
In view of the increasing seriousness
OF this problem, more than usual atten-
tion will be given the theory by two llar-
ward crminologiStS that punishment
should fit the criminal and not the crime.
Professor Sheldon Glueck and his wife,
DR.. Eleanor Glueck. studied the records
of thousand boys fifteen years after
their cases had been brought up in the
Boston juvenile court. From their stud
les they drew up bases of prediction of
an individual offenders probable be-
havior pattern, including the probability
OF reform, an estimate of the age at
which reform or other change of con-
duct might occur and also the probable
reaction of the offender to various meth
odS of correctional treatment.
The GlueckS say that typical case his
tories they studied were made up of a
repetltious series of fines. probationS,
commitments. paroles and rearreStS.
They declare that "random, trial-and-
error. procedure are the rule" and that
"ottenderS are constantly being subject
ed to types of treatment to which they
have already failed to respond.'
There is little doubt but that a mixture
of common sense introduced into mod
ern treatment of youthful criminals
might improve the rehabilitation record
No table will ever be complied which will
enable iurists and sociologistS to make
perfect diagnoses. But the findings of
h eSe Harvard criminOlogists NAV
prompt authorities to rely upon some
thing more dependable than pure guess
work in combating juvenile dcinquen-
Imperial Valley press., 1940-05-14
PLEASANTER DAYS

About 200 persons thronged to the Ira
Aten ranch near Ell Centro last Satur-
day night TO enjoy barbecue that was.
in its way, a tribute to passing mode of
life and reminder Of days that are be-
coming history all too soon.
No civic club, no organization, no
group of individuals planned the bar
becuc. 1t celebrated nothing at alex
cept the warm friendship one of Impe-
rial Valleys grandest characters feels
for his fellow man. 1t was Mr. Aten's
way of providing enjoyment for his
friends and his friends friends, open
handed and without stint.
Many saw in the party an echo of west
ern ranch life that is fading from the
picture but others saw the manifestation
of a spirit that could if given the
chance-make the world a pleasanter
place to live.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-05-14
Among
Our Yesterdays

Imperial Valley worried about its
irrigation canals through Mexico
twenty years ago as the Cantu fac
ton soldiers at Algodoncs mutiniei
and murdered officers.
Newspapers interpreted the revolt
AS an indication that tho Cantu
government might be near collapse
and fall of the government Wouli
put new faction into power, a
faction which repeatedly was not
friendly toward the United States.
A banner line across the Press of
May IA 1920, read. Trade at Homo.
But Spend Your Vacation in San
Diego
Tho rival paper of the day, The
Ell Centro Progress, carried a story
condemning the Press for its atti-
tude of friendliness to the Japanese
interests of the county and vice
versa in case of the farm bureau.
A rancher, described only as a
prominent farmer of the valley was
quoted as saying, Il have no recol-
lection of the Press ever coming
out in support of anything the
Farm Bureau ever started. How
ever we will try our best to get
along without the Press. There will
be day of reckoning and you can
bet our memory will be long
The Press of the same day made
no comment of the story.
Burritt S. Allen announced his
for Judge of the Superior
court Blucbeard James P. Wat
son was secretly moved TO San
Quentin as threats to lynch him
were circulated Seattle was in
last place in tho Coast league race.
FL Ccntro's city council raised
tho city water rates.