davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-03-22

tended the same Atomic Physics Con-
ference here last winter, when Car
negie Institution scientists, working
all night, verified for the first time
the splitting of uranium atoms and
the production of the greatest en-
ergies ever known outside the stars.
Earth's Core.
The heart of the earth was pic
tured yesterday as an immense
ball of iron about 1000 miles in
diameter under pressure of ap-
proximately 100000 times that OF
the air, which has maintained a
temperature between 1000 and 5000
degrees centrigrade for close to 2 2,OOO,-
000, 900 years.
This was the starting point for the
conference, which is being attended
by about so of the worlds leading
authorities on the planets interior
That the center is an immense
iron ball. it was explained, now is
virtually certain, due to the weight
and balance of the planet. Only
something of the approximate
weight of iron fits the equations.
A major problem for which a
working hypothesis will be sought
during the conference is that of the
heat of the planets core. There are
many indications, it was explained,
that this core is solid rather than
liquid. This means that the tenn
perature must be somewhat below
the melting point of iron which is
6,370 degrees above absolute zero
under a pressure 100000 times that
of the air.
Such a pressure produces a state
OF matter which is extremely diff
cult to comprehend. Experiments
IN the laboratory, before last night,
had not exceeded about $4,000
times the weight of air. Yet
even the entire weight of the
outer shells of the earth is INSULT
clent to crush the orbits of the iron
atoms to produce state of matter
such as exists in the stars and upon
which physicists can speculate.
Temperature UNCHANGED.
The temperature of the interior, 1t
was brought out, apparently has
remained essentially unchanged
since the cooling of the earth to
its present form about 1000 600, ,0OO
years ago. There is no way for the
heat to get out except by convection
currents. If these are admitted on
any large scale, it was emphasized
the internal temperature of the
planet long since would have been
absolute zero.
The conference was opened by
President Cloyd H. Marvin of George
Washington University. DR.. Enricc
Fermi of Columbia University, Nobel
prize winner, outlined the present
status of knowledge of the earth's
interior.
Group sessions will be held today
and tomorrow at the university, the
Carnegie Institution and the Mar
Unique Hotel.
Evening star., 1940-03-22
Mediterranean Floor Believed
To Hold Story Of Early Europe

The bottom of the Mediterranean
probably guards much of the story
of mans early days in Europe, DR..
w. H. Bradley of the United States
Geological Survey told members of
the Washington Academy of Sci
ences last night at the presentation
of the academy's first annual
awards.
DR.. Bradley, who received the
award in physical sciences, described
his recent work in analyzing cores
obtained from the bottom of the
North Atlantic by DR.. c. S. Piggot
of the Carnegie Institution These
give compact record of the fuc-
tuations of temperature in the
northern hemisphere from the be-
ginning of the last ice age to the
present.
But the most inviting prospect,
he said, is study of the floor Of
the Mediterranean. During the ice
age, he believes. the present fow
was reversed and the waters of this
landlocked sea overfowed into the
Atlantic Cores from the bottom,
he said. probably would give a first
hand account of all the climatic
Evening star., 1940-03-22
Nozi Ships Captain
Escapes in DISGUISE

COPENHAGEN, March % (P.-
The captain of the German mer-
chantman Heddernheim, disguised
as a sailor, evaded capture by the
British submarine which sank his
vessel Late last night off the Danish
coast.
The story of the sinking-the first
by British submarine to be an
nounced in the European war-was
told today by members of the mer-
chantman's 36-man crew, IS Of
whom were rescued.
The thirty-sixth man is the first
engineer who was taken aboard the
submarine when the British were
informed the captain was dead.
The British gave the crew Is
minutes to enter their lifeboats, the
Germans said, and the captain
slipped into one. They were res
cued by Danes after the submarine
fired a torpedo into the merchant
man. The rescued Germans i'm
mediately started home to Germany
No details were given regarding
the cargo of the Heddernheim, which
was bound for Germany.
Evening star., 1940-03-22
Scientists
Continued From First Page.)

the flowing" characteristics of
fluids.
This cylinder is pressed down upon
the salt with pressure of about
100000 pounds a square inch. This
is about the highest possible with a
single bomb.
Steel Becomes Stronger.
This bomb is placed inside another
bomb which presses down upon it
with pressure of another 100000
pounds square inch. The whole
contrivance is inclosed in a thick
steel jacket. Up to a short time ago
this was thought to be the greatest
pressure man could achieve. The
strongest steel could stand no greater
pressure than 100000 pounds a
square inch.
Recent experiments in other labor
atories have shown, however, that
steel actually becomes stronger with
the pressure put upon it. A sort of
supersteel is produced which exists
only as long as the pressure con-
tinues. Once the weight" is taken
off it bounds back like so much rub
Der into the same old steel.
1t was this increase of strength
with pressure which enabled DR.
Goranson to subject his inner bomb
and eventually the table salt, to a
pressure not double, but tenfold
that hitherto believed possible
Theoretically, it was explained
there seems to be no bar to OBJ
tanning much higher pressures by
using as many bombs within bombs
as one desires. This apparatus
however, would become extraord-
inarily cumbersome and expensive
Helps Study of Earth's Interior.
The table salt under pressure was
a far different substance than that
on DR.. Goranson's breakfast table
a few hours later. 1t was, as one
| physicist described it, rubber salt.
AS soon as the pressure was re-
moved it bounced back into the
same salt again.
DR.. Goransons accomplishment i!
considered a major achievement ir
any study of the conditions which
obtain in the interior of the earth
where everything rests under the
enormous weight of the planet.
outer shells. At the same time q
completely new field has been opened
up on the qualities of substance.
under extreme pressures.
AS a dramatic event the accom-.
pliShment rivaled that which at.
Evening star., 1940-03-22

fluctuations of Southern Europe
and Northern Africa during the
days when modern man was first
establishing himself in the west.
Such cores, he believes, will give
the first authentic evidence of the
age of the Sahara Desert which
can be determined from the dopth
of the first deposits of wind blown
sand.
The engineering award went to 1t.
Paul A. Smith of the Coast and
Geodetic Survey for his part in
mapping with sonic depth finders
the subterranean terrain off the
eastern coast of the United States.
The award in biology was present.
ed to DR.. Herbert Friedman of the
National Museum for his work on
the psychology and geographical
distribution of birds.
The awards were presented by DR..
Eugene c. Crittenden of the Bureau
,of Standards, president of the
academy.
Henceforth they will be made each
year to three Washington scientists
under 40 years of age who are men,
bers of the academy.
Evening star., 1940-03-22
President Refers
Chinese Food Appeal
To Red Cross
Specific Request Made
For More Supplies
Of Cracked Wheat

President Roosevelt today referred
to the American Red Cross an ap-
peal for immediate help in meeting
desperate food shortage" in
China.
The appeal, addressed to Secre-
tary Of State Hull and transmitted
to the President, came from the
American Advisory Committee for
Civilian Relief in China. 1t was
forwarded here by Clarence e.
Gauss, consul general in Shanghai.
Asking specifically for increased
supplies of cracked wheat, the ap-
peal follows:
During early months of the China
conflict cash contributions from
America for civilian relief were
generously supplemented by grant
of wheat. Wheat supply exhausted.
Scarcity of rice and all other grain
with the soaring prices are defeating
relief efforts. With unfavorable ex-
change and high freight rates pur-
chase of grain in foreign markets
beyond resources of relief COM
mittees here. We respectfully re-
quest your aid in obtaining gift and
shipment cracked wheat for relief
in China. This would assist in
meeting desperate food shortage in
China, where multitudes of poor are
suffering from hunger and would
be effective expression of American
good will"
An identical appeal likewise was
sent to the Church Committee for
China Relief in New York City.
The Presidents action in trans
ferring the plea to the Red Cross
for its immediate attention was one
of his few decisions of the day as he
remained at the White House proper
for further treatment of his linger-
ing cold.
According to Stephen T. Early,
presidential secretary, the Chief
Executives physician, DR.. Ross T.
McIntire, has advised him to re-
main away from his Office over the
week end. with the expectation that
by Monday he will be able to re-
turn to his normal routine. The
President had slight fever this
morning, as he has for the last
week or 10 days.
Mr.. Roosevelt insisted on keeping
one appointment today. with Frank
Walker of New York for discus
sion of progress on the Hyde Park
Memorial Library. The regular
Friday cabinet meeting and press
conference were Cancelled. In view
of the doctors advice it was not
expected the President would attend
church services on Easter Sunday.
Evening star., 1940-03-22
Row Ended, Orchestra
PLAYS 10 Aid Chinese
By the Associated Press.


PHILADELPHIA, March 22.-Dis.
pute that threatened for q time to
bar four distinguished soloists from
appearing with the Philadelphia
Orchestra in concert for Chinese
relief was ironed out last night
shortly before curtain time.
Ending "a hours of argument, the
local chapter Of the National China
Aid Society acceded to the demand
Of the Theater Authority, Inc, Of
New York that IS per cent of the
proceeds be turned over to the au-
thority.
Alan Corelh, executive secretary Of
the authority, contended his organi-
zation Is authorized by the American
Guild of Musical Artists to collect
that percentage from all benefit
concerts in which its members take
part, the money to be used for
union charities.
The soloists involved were Alex
ander Kipnis, Metropolitan Opera
basso; Rose hampton, Metropolitan
soprano; Joseph Szigeti, violinist,
and Emanuel Feuermann, cellist.
Evening star., 1940-03-22
Three-Doy Ship Losses
1854 Tons, Soy Nozis

BERLIN, March % (P-A high
command communiaue said today
that sinkings of enemy merchant
vessels and of neutral vessels useful
to the enemy" in the past three days
totaled 1854 tons.
The communique:
"In the west, no special events.
THE German air force, despite
most unfavorable weather, recon-
noitered up to the northermost
North Sea.
Undertakings of German naval
forces in merchant warfare con-
tinued successful. In the course of
three days 1854 gross register tons
OF enemy merchant shipping space
and of vessels useful to the enemy
were sunk"
Evening star., 1940-03-22
Will Speak on Purim

Rabbi Henry Segal will speak on
"Purim-A Challenge" at the $50
o'clock services tonight at B'nai
Israel Congregation, Fourteenth
and Emerson streets NV. After
the service an open forum on why
the German Jewish Council Lacks
United Front in Combating Anti
Semitism" will be conducted by
Samuel Wrubel.
Evening star., 1940-03-22

panied by rap at the Outrageous
or coercive patronage practices" of
former Gov. Landon and the Re-
publican organization of the State
Here, Secretary of Interior Ickes
told press conference that no
Democratic candidate now in the
open could control enough delegates
for the presidential nomination.
He mentioned Mr.. Farley, Mr..
Garner and Mr.. McNutt. A leader
of the third-term movement for
Mr.. Roosevelt, the Secretary re-
ferred to Mr.. Farley as "a fine man."
but did not indorse the latter's
avowed candidacy.
Evening star., 1940-03-22
France
Continued From First Page.)
and the former premier's acceptance
was given readily.
Deputies listen in silence.
Text ~ Statement

@~SS~AA
Text Of Statement.
The text of the Premier-Foreign
Minister'S statement said:
France is engaged in complete
war.
"A powerful enemy is transform
ing and concentrating all its human
activity into warfare in order to
triumph.
Aided by the treachery of the
Soviets it is carrying the fight into
all quarters and working out all the
blows which it is giving with sort
of genius for destruction that we
certainly do not fail to recognize as
not only awe inspiring but at the
same time hateful.
"By this fact alone the state of
this war to the end is the whole
stake.
ITO win is to save everything. To
lose is to lose all.
Gentlemen: Parliament, exhibit
ing the national sentiment, has
measured the terrible realities from
every angle.
Thus the government which pre-
sents itself before you has no other
reason for existence and wants no
other than this: To raise and direct
all French energies to fight and win
and to crush treason from whatever
angle it comes.
Thanks to your confidence and
your help we will accomplish this
task.
IF it were necessary to have an
other comfort we would only have
to count on the immense recources
of our country and our empire. We
would have only to look our admir-
able allies straight in the eyes. We
would have only to remember the
valor of our people, the efforts of
our workmen and of our farmers,
the strength of our armies, the
ardor of our soldiers and the brav-
cry of our leaders.
I'VE would only finally have to
think OF the eternal spirit of
France"
Meet With Lebrun.
The ministers met twice before the
chamber session, and approved M.
Reynaud's declaration to the cham
Der. After a private meeting with
M. Reynaud at the Elysee Palace
they reassembled as council Of
ministers under President Albert
Lebrun
Without making public his rea-
sons, Jean LIE Cour Grandmaison,
resigned as undersecretary of the
navy after being in M. Reynaud S
new government only overnight. He
is considered an extreme rightist." "
M. Reynaud's first big job as sue
cessor to Premier Daladier was to
ease France past her first political
crisis Of the war by overcoming op-
Evening star., 1940-03-22
Hen 'Hutches' Whisky

GREENVILLE, Miss, March %
R.-Two searches through a sus-
pected Negroes premises failed to
disclose any illegal whisky, but on
the third try raiding officers found
cache of IA half pints-under a
setting hen.
Evening star., 1940-03-22
Finn President Declares
Peace Treaty in Force
By the Associated Press.

BY the ASS0c1ated Press.
HELSINKI, March 22-President
Kyosti Kallio decreed today that the
new Soviet Russian-F Finnish peace
treaty was in force following an ex-
change of ratification documents in
Moscow.
He announced, in addition. that
he had appointed four Finnish rep
resentatives to serve on a joint com.
mission to work out details of Fin
lands new frontiers, narrowed by
the March IL pact with Moscow.
Evening star., 1940-03-22
Peoples Lobby Luncheon

The Peoples Lobby, Inc, will hold
luncheon at 12:45 o'clock tomor-
row at the National Press Club at
which the subject. Can Private In
dustry Use the Unemployed?" will be
discussed by spokesmen for private
industry and the Government.
Evening star., 1940-03-22
Health Week PIons

Observance OF National Negro
Health Week will begin in Arlington
County. Va, on Sunday, March 81,
when ministers of colored churches
will preach on the importance of
health. A poster contest will be
carried on in the schools.
Evening star., 1940-03-22
PROPOSALS.

COMMISSIONERS, D. C., WASHINGTON.
March %. 1910. Sealed proposals will be
until 200 pm, April 3, 1910. and then
publicly opened for grading, paving. curb
ing and otherwise improving various road
reinforced cement concrete pavement, or
alternate. Apply Room . 427. District
Building. for proposals and specifications.
mh22-6texSu
COMMISSIONERS, D. C., WASHINGTON
March %, 1910. Sealed proposals will he
received at Room 800, District Building,
until 1000 o'clock am April |. 1910
hcations and information at Room 800,
District Building. mh22 ,6texSu
Evening star., 1940-03-22
London
Continued From First Page. J

travel is outward bound from Lon
don, but today the movement was
both ways as many children. civil
servants and others returned for
the first visits since they were re-
moved last September as an air raid
rreca,Itjon
Evening star., 1940-03-22

With q Nationwide traffic toll of
2,73O lives reported in January, 1910,
this casualty list was 6 per cent
greater than in January q year ago.
Evening star., 1940-03-22

precaution,
Evening star., 1940-03-20
Chicago Livestock

CHICAGO March 90 up Omitted States
Department Of Agriculture) .-Salable hogs,
$4,000; total, $4,000; weights go pounds
down mostly steady with Tuesdays aver
age; undertone weak: heavier butchers
active, steady to strong: spots $40 higher
top 5 545: bulk good and choice lS0-24O
pounds 5.20-40: 240-270 pounds butchers
5.l0-40: most 270-32O pounds averages,
4.S5-5: 20: some heavier weights. 4.T5-S5
good 400-55O pounds packing sows, Alb
90. tighter weights to 4 65
Salable cattle, 5000: salable calves
1000; fed steers and yearlings fully 25
higher; good and choice kinds 25-4O up
on shipper account: trade active: sharp
Supply abridgement main stimulating fac
tor; heifess. 1925 up; cows and bulls
strong: vealers weak to 25 lower: ir-
stances so lower on light vealers; extreme
TOP led steers. 1850; prime offerings alb
sent IN load lot; one load 1925: several
loads !2;l5-40: numerous loads 1880
l1.75: bulk crop. S.35-1O.5O choice heifers
to 1915; mostly $50 down: heavy cutter
cows TO 500: most Gamers selling along
with cutter offerings at 525 upward:
msaty sausage bulls quotable to 725 with
700 paid freely: light vealers, SOO-1 o 90;
good to choice weighty kinds 95O-1O5O:
lew selects ] 90: stock cattle strong,
Salable sheep 1000: total 5000: late
Tuesday fat lambs and sheep around IS
higher: one double III pounds fed West
arn wooled lambs 0-75: best 1l6 pounds
fed range ewes, 5S5; today's trade: Mar
ket practically at standstill; bidding steady
to strong or 1000 and slightly above on
best: wooled lambs held fully 25 higher
or up to 1O.40.
Evening star., 1940-03-20
American Cyanamid
Earns S5,524,940
Profit in Year
Result Compares With
$2,452,911 Recorded
In Preceding Year
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, March 20.-Ameri-
can Cyanamld Co. reported yester-
day 1899 net income of $5,524, $40,
or $2.07 per common share, COM
pared with s2,452,sl1, or 81 cents a
share, for the previous year.
w. B. Bell, president, said 1899
business even before the outbreak
of war was better than the previous
year, and that the higher level was
maintained during the fourth quar-
ter.
Niagara Hudson Power.
Niagara Hudson Power Corp. and
subsidiaries reported 1899 consoli-
dated net income of $7,323, ,763, or
81 cents a common share, compared
with $7,195 $50, or so cents a share,
for the previous year.
Total operating revenues in
creased 81 per cent from 1885 $82,-
370,607 to $85 5,413,678 for 1899.
Douglas Aircraft.
Douglas Aircraft Co. in it's an
nual report yesterday, reported net
earnings of $4y81 a share and
backlog on March 8 of $97 ,287, ,720 of
commercial business, largest in its
history.
Significant and satisfying" said
Evening star., 1940-03-20
Chicago Grain
Fy the Associated Pres!

IS llle associated PRESS.
CHICAGO, March 2O.-Wheat
prices advanced 3 cents a bushel
today to the highest levels in almost
a month as the grain market re-
f1ected European developments. in
Guiding British raid on the Ger
man air base at Sylt and efforts
to form more aggressive war gov
ernment in France.
Pessimistic domestic crop condi-
tions also had an influence in the
price advance, particularly in the
rye pit, where forecast of low tenn
peratures in the Northwest pro-
ducing zone attracted attention.
Wheat closed %. -314 cents higher
than yesterday, May. los q Is; July,
1.04-103&4; corn, 12-a4 up, May,
56a4 July, 5712$s; oats, l2s-1la
higher.
Cash wheat was 1-3 higher; basis
unchanged; receipts, cars; ship
ping sales $4,000 bushels; corn, 4-1
higher; basis, 14-l2 up; receipts, 81
cars; shipping sales $4,000 bushels;
booked to arrive, 10000 bushels; oats
Ilprbonpo6 m ] bipbnr
Evening star., 1940-03-20
Stock Averages
Bv VICTOR EUBANK.

Associated Press financial Writer.
NEW YORK, March 2O.-Wall
Street celebrated the arrival of
spring today with an advancing
stock market under the leadership
of aviations and steels.
Gains of some issues ran around
two points toward the close despite
a lack of any great buying volume.
Transfers totaled about 100000
shares.
Overnight orders gave promise #
a day of action and the opening
rises were approximately doubled
before the end of the session in
spite of f1urries of profit taking at
midday and near the close.
Chief factor for the upturn was
the apparent stimulation of allied
operations in the European War and
the consequent likelihood of widened
American foreign trade. The So
called war stocks received the most
attention.
Heading the forward movement
were Boeing Douglas, United Air
craft, Glenn Martin, Sperry, Curtiss-
Wright, North American Aviation,
Bendix, Lockheed, Pan-American
Airways, U. S. Steel, Bethlehem,
Youngstown, Harvester, American
Smelling, Kennecott, Phelps Dodge,
General Electric, New York Central,
Great Northern preferred, Pennsyl-
vania Railroad and Anaconda.
Corporate bonds gained a bit, but
United States Governments slipped.
Commodities moved up briskly.
Wheat at Chicago rose 2sl to ga
cents a bushel and corn was = to
"a cents up. Cotton jumped 55
cents to Sl05 bale Foreign mar
kets were fairly firm, but thin.
Evening star., 1940-03-20
New York Cotton
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, March 20.-The
cotton market accepted leadership
from abroad today and prices turned
sharply upward.
With sentiment overseas turned to
the constructive side. as a result of
latest developments in Europe, de-
mand from trade and Wall Street
interests locally was more aggres-
sive. Foreign and hedge selling was
easily absorbed.
Late prices were IL to IT higher;
May (old, 1850; october, 983;
December, $40.
CottOnseed Oil.
Ftrmness in laro and grain and news of
intensified war in Europe promoted buy
ing and covering movement in detachable
cottonseed oil futures today
Advances of 12 to Is points were main
tanned around midday. May, $50: July.
6.75; September 6TS
Crude oil was firm: "a Of cent higher
on a small sale at 5sa cents pound late
yesterday in the Southeast The South
east and Valley bid 5I3 cents today. Texas
was 5as to 52, nominal.
Evening star., 1940-03-20

President Donald w. Douglas in a
message to stockholders, "is the
fact that in the face of the greatest
wartime boom known to aviation.
the company is able to report ap-
proximately $19,0O0,O0O in CONNER
cial orders for airline deliveries in
1910 and 1941."
Net income for the fiscal year
ended November 30, 1899, was re-
ported as $2,884,197, as compared
with $2,147,392 for the corresponding
period of 1888.
Last year a pay roll of s13, ,283, TIA
was paid to 1859 employees.
Freeport Sulphur.
Freeport Sulphur Co. reported con-
solidated net income for 1889 of
81, 200, ,762, or $2.76 a common share
compared with $1,5O6,O59, or s1.87 a
share, in 1888.
Langbourne M. Williams, jr., presi-
dent, said the increase in earnings
was caused largely by earnings of
the subsidiary in Cuba, the Cuban
American Manganese Corp. which
made profit of $716,865 in 1889,
compared with net loss of $22,059 in
1888. He said production of high
grade manganese ore last year was
the highest in the history of the
company.
North American Power.
North American Light & Power
Co. reported consolidated net in
come for 1899 of $2,338, ,611, or s12.O4
a preferred share, compared with
81 ,439, ,076, or S74l a share, in 1885,
The 1899 net includes certain non
recurring credits and savings ag-
gregating about $4,000, without
which the earnings per share would
have been $9.48.
Packard Earnings.
Packard Motor Car Co. today re-
ported net earnings for the year
1889 of $545 ,867.42 after all charges,
including depreciation and provision