davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-22
The Board of Education

There has never been complete
agreement on the method of ap-
pointment and the composition of
the Board of Education, and the
vacancy caused by the death of
Gratz E. Dunkum has served once
more to bring these differing opin-
ions to the fore. There are those
who believe that the boards men,
bers should be elected instead of
being appointed by the justices of
the United States District Court;
there are others who feel that at
least the justices should hold pub
lie hearings before naming new
members; still others favor a board
representing geographical sections
Of the city or various social groups.
Without going into the merits of
these proposals, it can be said with
assurance that the majority of the
people of the District are satisfied
with the results obtained under the
present method of selecting the
board. There was ample evidence of
this popular feeling when the Grit
fenhagen proposals suggested de-
partmentalizing education, and there
is good reason to believe that public
confidence in the board might be
lowered by any Of the suggested
changes in the method of its selec-
ton.
The caliber of the District school
system stands as a testimonial to
the wisdom of past selections by the
justices, and there is every reason
to believe that DR.. James A. Gan
non, who will join the board tomor-
row as the successor to Mr.. Dun
KUN, will give the faithful and
efficient service to the community
that it has come to expect from
these voluntary servants.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-22
Says Roosevelt Endangers
Five Pillars of Democracy.

To the Editor Of The Star
Within the short space of seven years,
President Roosevelt has sought to de-
molish five important pillars of our
democracy.
Cd Mr.. Roosevelt did all in his power
to pack the Supreme Court.
CD Mr.. Roosevelt invaded the free
State of Maryland in an attempt to
defeat Senator Tydings. Democrat
who had opposed certain New Deal
measures This effort to sway the cleo
torate was undemocratic.
90 Mr.. Roosevelt requested Congress
to enact certain legislation, while ad-
hitting that doubts existed as to its
constitutionality.
"a Mr.. Roosevelt seeks a third term
the first President to shatter a
tradition that Is sacred to millions OF
Americans.
60 Mr.. Roosevelt nominated himself
at the Democratic convention, an action
which did not conform to free, demo-
cratic policy and procedure.
This "one-man-rule" may be accept
able to certain New Dealers and hero
worshipers" but it is not acceptable to
true Jeffersonian Democrats who still
hold the opinion that the Nation is
bigger than the man.
EDMUND K. GOLDSBOROUGH.
October 20.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-22
Naval Armory

The unexpected announcement
Of an arrangement between the
Navy Department and the District
of Columbia Work Projects Admin
istration whereby, at long last, the
Districts Naval and Marine Corps
Reserves will be given a modern
armory, to cost about $75O,0OO, is
cheering news to these ill-houSed
but efficient organizations of re-
servists. The Naval Reserve for
years has been holding its drills and
other exercises and meetings in a
totally inadequate structure on the
Eleventh street side of the Navy
Yard reservation. The Marine Corps
Reserve Battalion has been func-
tioning under even worse conditions
in an Anticipated building on Indi-
ana avenue, where there were no
facilities for marching and only
makeshift facilities for storage of
arms and other equipment.
When the original plans for the
new National Guard Armory at the
foot of East Capitol street were
drawn, tentative provision was made
for accommodation of the Naval and
Marine Reserve contingentS, but
later this broad plan was dropped
Subsequent efforts to obtain a con-
greSSional appropriation for a Naval
and Marine Reserve headquarters
were unsuccessful Meanwhile the
local Naval and Marine Reserve
units have gone ahead with their
training under difficulties and now
are preparing to report for active
duty in the national emergency.
These peacetime volunteers are de-
serving of the fullest measure of
encouragement and cooperation
from their Government, and the
provision of suitable quarters at the
Navy Yard in which they may train
themselves to serve their country is
belated recognition of this fact.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-22
Ordeal Endured

1He HtIHldH dlIdCk upon LOnQOn
now has continued for six weeks.
Hundreds of thousands of tons of
bombs have been dropped from the
skies upon the capital of the British
Empire. Similar punishment also
has been inflicted upon other cities,
towns and little villages which could
be considered proper detectives only
through a distortion of that phrase
to mean anything and everything
accidentally adjacent to a dockyard,
railroad station, a gasoline storage
tank or an airfield. In a country SO
small as England every citizen neces-
sarily is an imperiled bystander.
Thus it is factual observation that
the British people have endured an
ordeal as severe as any experienced
by regular troops at the front in
France during the struggle of 1914
1918.
But it is indicated that the story
of the suffering of the population Of
London has been only partially told.
Censorship for military reasons has
held back details which might have
been useful to the enemy. No sum-
mary of the frightful damage in
flicted upon the metropolis has been
published, and none will be while
disclosure of the havoc wrought could
be helpful to the Nazi foe. The same
reservation applies to Liverpool,
Manchester, Sheffield, Bristol, New
castle, Reading, Plymouth and Dover.
Much more important than the
destruction of property and the loss
of life is the preservation of the spirit
of the British nation. There is no
question about the disturbance of
the normal life of the principal CEN
tiers of habitation. A private letter
received in Washington from resi-
dent of ChisWick says: Il think every
one is longing for the invasion to
become a fact rather than threat,
for it could not be worse than at
present, and would end this wretched
suspense and inability to hit back
as hard as we would like" The
writer, a housewife, adds: Many of
us, including myself, never believed
there would be any war. I think we
felt we were too civilized, and that
reasonable human beings worthy Of
being called modern, right thinking
people, supposed that any quarrel or
dispute could be settled by discus
sion.''
To such person, ordinarily paci-
fistic, the shock of establishment
is provocative. when it is time to
rise in the morning, with tired, red
eyes, we are full Of venom" she says.
Il truly believe that eight out of ten
of the inhabitants of this island
would rather be killed than give in"
Perhaps Adolf Hitler has begun to
understand that Britain cannot be
conquered from the clouds. If that
be true, then the sacrifices of the
people of England have not been in
vain. 1t seems evident that even if
the Nazi strategy had been justified,
there would have been no surrender.
London, however battered, survives
the cruelest siege in modern expert
ence, and the empire of which it is
the living symbol still defes the Ger
man dictator as it def1ed his Corsican
forerunner more than century ago.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-22
Message to France

Addressing himself to French
men throughout the world last eve
ming, Prime Minister Churchill
broadcast an appeal to Britain's late
ally, now PROSTATE under the Ger
man heel, to be of stout heart. Amid
words of unbridled invective against
Hitler and all his Nazi works, Mr.
Churchill babe France to "have hope
and faith, for all will come right"
He bulwarked that assurance with
the assertion that Gin 1910 we have
command of the sea; in 1941, we
shall have command of the air"
Noteworthy was the Prime Minis
ter's omission of any reference to
the men of Vichy. He was mani
testify at pains not to blame Marshal
Petain's regime for the tragedy that
overlook France and the Allied cause
after Compiegne. Conspicuous, too
was Mr. Churchill's emphasis that
Britain is fighting not only to rid
herself and France of the "vile and
monstrous" menace of Hitlerism, but
to secure freedom and fair dealing
for the common people OF all coun-
tries, for which you and we drew the
sword" 1t is possible to read into
that passage not only reference to
Poland, but an overture to other
nations enslaved by Hitler, as we'll as
those which may be the next victims
of Nazi-FaScist aggression.
Reminding Frenchmen that Brit
ain is "persevering steadfastly"
against the worst the Germans can
do from the air, Mr. Churchill taunt-
ingly observed that 1--WE are waiting
for the long promised invasion-So
are the fishes,"-a defiant indication
that the mistress of the seas longs
for the opportunity to repel the
would-be violator of her island cita-
del. I'VE shall never stop, never
weary, never give in," he pledged,
stressing Britain's unflinching pur-
pose ITO beat the life and soul out of
Hitler, and save the world from the
new dark ages"
To what extent the conqueror's
grip permitted Frenchmen to hear
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-22
No SouD

The defeat of a New Mexico soap
salesman for the Office of Lieutenant
Governor brought to light curious
item in his campaign expenses-two
cases of soap, twelve dollars. While
unusual, no objection was made to
it, and in fact the auditing commit
tee even consider is as evidence that
the campaign was conducted Clearly.
But not, perhaps, wisely. Politics
has not yet reached the stage where
the cake of soap can pinch hit for the
cigar and do anything but strike out.
The campaign cigar is a dangerous
weapon, deadly If used with skill.
Given to a real connoisseur of to-
bacco, it could easily cause him to
rush to the polls and cast a reprisal
vote or two for the opposition; but
given to one who habitually smokes
a fearful mixture of raw tobacco and
Copenhagen snuff in a battered old
Missouri meerschaum, it is as nectar
from the gods and to his neighbors
the equivalent of an all-clear signal
after gas attack.
The cigar is psychologically correct
because it is used in a leisure hour
by the recipient, who under its mel
lowing influence may think well of
the donor. Soap is psychologically
wrong, being used in moments of toll
and evaporation, such as cleaning
up Junior after his latest raid on
the junk pile. 1t is inclined to make
the recipient wonder if it is worth
while to continue living, to say Moth
ing Of going to the trouble of voting
for one particular politician against
another.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-22
Says North and South
Are United Now,

To the Editor of The Star:
Several years ago I was sent to Des
MONIES, Iowa, as department president
OF the Women's Relief Corps, auxiliary
OF the Grand Army of the Republic
One day during the encampment, I
happened to pass by two old soldiers
one wearing the uniform of Blue
and the other Gray. They were sitting
just outside the Fort Des Moines Hotel.
I stopped, saluted the two old vets and
remarked, ut does my heart good to see
you boys reminiscing." The one in
Gray spoke up and said, ct amt us
men that's keeping up the fight, its the
women"
had grandfather, a Baptist chap
lain in the Federal Army, and grand
mother born in Richmond, Va, who
would have donned the Gray uniform
had she been man, and during my
activities in the World War days,
made many soldier laugh by saying,
I'm a Dukes mixture, some Gray and
some Blue" However, am an Amer
lean and it matters not whether they
wore the Blue or the Gray in those days,
know that the sons Of both Blue and
Gray stand ready to wear the uniform
Of the United States Of America today.
October l6. MOTHER WILSON.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-22

In bird identification, much depends
upon getting the colors correctly.
The color-blind person will have a
great deal more trouble identifying the
birds he sees, or securing help from
others, than the bird lover who sees
and names-colors rightly.
1t is not only necessary to see color
correctly, but even more important to be
able to tell some one else the proper
color.
An incorrect color can amaze and con-
fuse even the best Judge of birds. For
instance, some one who has just moved
to the suburbs wants to know what an
orange" bird is.
Orange-colored bird?
You rack your brain trying to help.
You speak of the Baltimore oriole, de-
scribe it-no, that is not it.
You give your friend a book of colored
pictures He sits down to run over the
plates.
Suddenly he lets out whoop of rec
ignition.
Here it is! Here it ISL
1t turns out to be the cardinal, which
is red, not orange.
The newcomer to bird Identification
does not realize, at first, just how i'm
portant it is to get the real colors firmly
fixed in his own mind, before he asks aid
of any one else.
Often he is so surprised by his find in
the trees, or on the fence, that he almost
wholly forgets to study the bird calmly.
Afterward he tries to remember what
he saw.
He does not know whether that bird
was blue or green, or whether it was as
large as a robin or as small As a sparrow
or whether it had crest or didn't have
q crest.
A blue bird, he says, with a yellow
breast
Birds prominently marked with blue
are remarkably few, though not far be-
tween.
There is the indigo bunting, which is
blue all over; the bluebird blue above
reddish breast, resembling that of a
robin; blue grosbeak, blue, with black
face and chestnut shoulders; the lazuli
bunting, light blue head and back, with
brown breast; the blue jay, blue above
black collar, with gray and white mark
ings; cerulean warbler, pale blue above
streaks below, white on wings and tail
and the black-throated blue warbler
which is dark blue above, black throat
and sides, with some white on the wings
Our friend must have seen the real
Eastern bluebird, famous in song and
story, and mistaken the rusty-red breast
for yellow"
Ones first instinct, on seeing new
bird. is to be amazed.
What bird is that?
This question comes naturally with
the admiration and the amazement.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-22
"A Profound PRIVILEGE

General George C. Marshall, chief
OF staff, has shown excellent judg-
ment in laying down the policies
which are to govern the Army in its
relations with it's new citizen-Sol-
diers.
There are problems involved in the
building of this new Army of the
United States for which there is no
guidance in American precedent. For
the first time in our history we have
felt obliged to inaugurate compul-
sorry military training in peacetime,
and the experience of the next few
months-the degree of success with
which we handle the task of trans
ferring hundreds of thousands of
young men from civilian to military
life-inevitably will color the history
Of the Nation for years to come. No
man can look into the future and say
with any certainty when, if ever, the
United States again will be able to
enjoy the easy security Of the past.
The development of the military
plane and the advances yet to come
In this field, the swift ascendency of
the doctrine thai might makes right,
the ruthless and powerful assaults on
nations with which we have had
common interests all these things
are auguries of dark days ahead 1t
Is for this troubled future that we
are building the new Army of today,
and because there is no determinable
limit to the danger that confronts
us 1t IS of utmost Importance that
the task be undertaken in a spirit of
willing cooperation by both the pro-
fessional military men and the re-
cruits from civilian ranks.
To this end, General Marshall,
while precluding the "pampering" of
any individual, has called upon the
armed services for the exercise of the
highest degree of skill and wisdom
In molding the citizen soldiers into
seasoned and disciplined fighting
force. The men soon to enter the
military ranks, as the chief of staff
has pointed out, differ in racial char
acteristics, religion, philosophy, social
training, physical development and
material wealth. But despite these
Emergencies, they must be converted
into a unified Army
1t will not be an easy undertaking,
and it is we'll that the Army, "keenly
aware of its great responsibility,
assumes this task. as a profound
privilege" If the professional soldiers
proceed in this spirit it will be trans
mitted to the recruits, with the result
that training for defense of the
Nation will come to be generally
regarded as the privilege and solemn
obligation that 1t is, not as the I'M
warranted imposition that some
thoughtless or reckless individuals
have pictured it to be.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-22
THIS AND THAT
BIZ Charles E. Trace1Dell.

, But it is . good thing to combine as
nearly perfect examination with these
| as is possible.
Go over the creature as quickly as you
can, comparing it first with some of the
| other birds you know, in order to get
| some approximation as to its size.
The English sparrow and the robin,
birds known to every one, are handy
standards of bird measurement.
One does not attempt to compare them
in bulk, exactly, but more as to total
length from tip Of tail to top of head.
This is complicated considerably by the
| fact that no bird percheS in exactly that
position, nor can its length be ascer-
tanned easily when it is awning.
Some approximation can be made.
however, especially if one keeps in mind
both the English sparrow and the robin.
| Is it as big, let us ask, as the one or
other? If smaller than sparrow, the
search is confined mostly to the warblers.
If as large as robin, approximately
| although it may not be as fat, it must
come in limited class Of birds. 1t will
not be necessary to go through the whole
book. If one sees yellow, though, in ones
| own mind, when thinking of the bird
| seen, there is little chance that one will,
unaided, think the bluebird picture nts
the bird seen.
There can be no doubt that some per-
sons are by nature expert at bird identi-
| fication.
Every one in high school knew some
one fellow student who excelled at flower
Identification.
Give the wight copy Of Gray's Man
ual, and turn him loose in the woods,
he came in next day with perfect
score, knowing the names of all the
| flowers he had picked.
The rest of the class didn't know a
spring beauty when they saw one.
The same holds true, only more So
with birds.
1t is no disgrace, therefore, not to be
able to identify the species seen for a
few seconds, or minutes at the most.
Nor is it at all remarkable that one
| BcLo lIlc SOlOlS hiOiiS, 4lOill lihiC "
or fails TO recall that the bird has a
crest, or didn't have one.
The only real failure comes in stress
ing too much the colors or features one
thought one saw; the best way is to be
willing to build up the mental picture OF
the bird, with another's aid.
Then the collaborators will, in time, be
able to create the true picture Of the
bird.
In helping others to identify specie:
unknown to them it is always wise tC
keep in mind that they may be honestly
mistaken in what they thought they saw
Do not allow too much stress to be
placed on colors, especially. Tactfully
try to find out just what they saw, rather
than what they thought they saw.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-22

this inspiring message can only be
guessed. II Mr.. Churchill's flaming
denunciation of Hitlerism and his
forecast of its meaning for France
1.-THE complete wiping out of the
French nation"-did reach intended
ears. his words cannot have been
without persuasive effect. Nor can
Frenchmen fail to be impressed by
the Prime Minister'S warning that
Hitler and his little confederate"
besides carving up the French En-
pire and robbing it of Alsace Lor-
raine, have earmarked Nice, Savoy
and Corsica as Italian booty.
AS to what Britain asks of France,
or what the latter can do, Mr..
Churchill was typically blunt. Brit
ain does not seek French ships or
colonies, he declared, adding: I'VE
will share our victory with you; if
you cannot help us, we hope you at
least will not hinder u.s." BY and
large, Mr.. Churchill reveals in terms
of eloquent sincerity Britain's desire
that the fates may somehow make it
feasible for Europe'S two great de-
mocracies yet again to pool their all
for cause which remains common
to them both. To that end, the Prime
Minister urged Frenchmen to re
arm your spirits before it is too late"
He will not believe the soul of
France is dead"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1940-10-22
FeuduIism in Norwoy

I'm the breakdown of political Or
ganization during the Dark Ages the
serf held his land from a Suzerain to
whom he owed certain obligations
including military service-in COM
pensation for the protection he sup
posedly received against marauding
neighbor princes.
There was a place and a need for
such a system at that time, but as
Europe found order in the rise of the
national state, the serfs gradually
broke their bonds until the emanci-
patton in Russia in 1861 wiped out
the last of the feudal orders.
Today Norway, under Nazi rule,
has returned to kind of feudalism
which is akin to that of the Dark
Ages, but which has none of the rea-
son or justification of that old syS-
tenn. The latest Of the German
measures against the conquered peo-
Piles has the effect of fastening to
the soil the Norwegian farmer-as
we'll as those from the city who took
refuge on the farms while Norway
was a battle-ground. Henceforth no
farmer or rural refugee may go to a
city without special permission from
the authorities. The Norwegian
farmer has no choice of occupation;
II he is now on the soil he must re-
main there.
There is this difference between
the old feudalism and the new Nazi
variety, a difference which makes
the former seem almost benevolent
in comparison with the Nazi tyran-
MES: Today it is not in return for
protection against marauding neigh
bors that the farmer is fastened to
the soil, but to harness him to the
Nazi war machine-a machine which
Is hungry for more and more supplies
Of food and raw materials for prose-
cution of the war.
Nor is the Norwegian farmer the
only class of citizens who feel
the heavy chains of enslavement to
the Nazi conqueror. Just as the Po-
lish laborer was torn from his family
and carried off to Germany like the
prize of some medieval war, the Nor
wegian unemployed" worker is be-