davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-04-23
BY HUGH S. FULLERTON. Jr.,

NEW YORK, April 23-If YOU
like foot racing so much that you're
willing to sit all day to watch
scantily clad young men running
around a cinder track, handing
batons from one to another, you'll
have three big chances this week
end.
Giving the outdoor track season
Its traditional flying start, the Penn
and Drake relay carnivals will be
run off next Friday and Saturday
at Philadelphia and Des Moines.
and the Colorado relays Saturday, at
Boulder. Each one features four
man performances and each draws
some $500 to 5000 athletes from
high schools and colleges in addi-
ton to few picked stars for special
events.
There's keen rivalry between
the Penn ard Drake meets and the
directors like nothing better than to
come up with few stars from the
others territory. Colorado can't
compete with them, although it did
lure the Kansas State team and
its great weight man, Elmer Hack
ney, last year. The high schoolers
and Rocky Mountain collegians do
most of the running there and this
year a junior college division has
been added.
Sparkling Field at Drake.
At Drake, Director Franklin
(Pitch) johnson, soon to become
Stanford coach, has rounded UP
what he considers the best field yet
for his farewell meet. In addition
to the stars of the Big Six territory
and the Southwest, who already
have had preliminary tests in the
Texas relays and last Saturdays
Kansas relays, the field includes
representatives of every Big Ten
college and such individual aces as
Earle Meadows, Fred Wolcott, Roy
Cochran and Hackney.
He figures meet records may be
broken in 7 of the 10 special events.
The high spot is the pole vault, in
which Meadows, recently dethroned
by Cornelius Warmerdam, the first
15-foott pole valuter, will aim at a
Evening star., 1940-04-23
740Game Schedule for Majors Expected After Costly Setback This Spn
Toledo S 1899 Cellar
Dwe|Iers Joyfu||y
Set A. A. Pace
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press
Maybe Toledo's early season sue
cess can't last, but at least the Mud
hens are enjoying their trip into
the rarifled atmosphere of first place
after so much time in the neither
regions of the American Association.
Last years cellar crew, bolstered
by several former major leaguers,
are at present riding along at the
head Of the parade with three VIC
tories in four games, a half game
ahead OF Kansas City, Indianapolis
and Louisville.
Long Harry Kimberlin notched the
Hens third triumph yesterday when
he set Milwaukee down with four
hits for a Al decision.
Indianapolis moved into the sec
ond place deadlock by virtue of
frail Bob Logans 3-hitter against
Minneapolis.
Evening star., 1940-04-23

would have brought Dutch
Leonard and Bob Grove together
again In pitching duel II
no game, the same pair is
scheduled for tomorrow Gil
berto Torres, the Cuban shadow,
was the hot shot of yesterdays
workout The college boys
who fiocked to see the Washing
tons work out were impressed
chiefly with Gilberto's knuckler,
which is patterned after Leon
ards, but which really was
taught to Torres four years ago
by Tot Presnell Of the Dodgers.
-. Both were wearing Ameri-
can Association uniforms at the
time.
Evening star., 1940-04-23
I ON Would Like to Accommodate New Workers

mats punk Blunt Mr. Yawkey
haven't been turning
that they don't people to see them lose
Honest!
Let me cite an instance Let's year
what not piled up five consecutive with
went into New York
headers
we the first When
10 get excited
the interest mounted The Yankees
We we won the fourth
straw hats cushions program everything they
on We thought home made five
in a all hades broke
Mr. Yawkey dooded sheet paper off and
started fresh
That's what they "They want to see the
mighty Yankees the big gnned I'D sure ike
~ ~
Evening star., 1940-04-23
GAMES TODAY.
Wash. at Boston. 3.
Phila. at New York.
Detroit at Chicago.
Cleve. at St. Louis
Major Leaders
BY the Associated Press.
AMERICAN LEAGUE.

AMERICAN LEAGUE.
Batting-McCosky, Detroit. 800;
Seibert, Philadelphia. .467.
Runs-McCosky. Detroit, 2: Cliff, st.
Louis, 5.
Runs batted in-Greenberg, Detroit;
Cliff, St. Louis and Heath. Cleveland. g.
Hits-McCosky. Detroit and Rad
cliff. st. Louis, 6.
Doubles-Thirteen tied with 2.
with l.
Home runs-Kuhel. Chicago. john
son, Philadelphia. and Foxx. Boston. 2.
Stolen bases-Eight tied with /.
NATIONAL LEAGUE.
Batting--M. Mccormick, Cincinnati,
AT; Marion, St. Louis, .412.
Runs--Hack and Galan. Chicago. 4.
Runs batted in-J. Martin. ST. Louis:
Layagetto and Camilli, Brooklyn. 4.
Hits--Galan, Chicago, and Marion,
st. Louis, T.
DoubiesL.Todd. Chicago, and Marion,
st. Louis, 3.
Triples-Four tied with /.
Home rups-Five tied with 1.
Stolen bases-Six tied with /.
Evening star., 1940-04-23
Stors Yesterday
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Earl Averill. Tigers-Hit pinch sin
gle in ninth to drive in two runs and
bring 6-5 victory over White Sox.
Elbie Fletcher, PirateS-Hit double
and single and stole base to lead Bucs'
attack in beating Cubs. 9-5.
Willis Hudlin, Indians - Limited
Browns to seven hits to win, 6,2.
Bucky Walters, Reds-Pitched seven
hit ball against Cardinals and drove in
three runs to held win one game, 6-1.
Evening star., 1940-04-23
Travellers Seek Games

Washington Travellers are anxious
to book games with fast out-of- town
teams. Manager N. M. Outcalt can
be reached at 1886 Sixteenth street
NV. or at Hobart 1900 Tuesday,
Thursday or Saturday after 6 o'clock.
Evening star., 1940-04-23
Star Ten on Road

Star Club softballers will seek
their fifth victory of the season to-
morrow night when they engage the
Richmond All-Stars at Byrd Park,
Richmond. The game will be played
under lights.
Evening star., 1940-04-23
The Yankees Never Have Been Pressed

"And good chance he gazed
of the window the Whng see
pad Il like beginning
going get pitching stick either
behind
Thoe Yankees might be tough
have
This think we'll they
grinned, they'll do all right"
We
"Wel' sighed the millionaire
the "Phe pouring initiative
into business which
magnificent empire well trying"
Evening star., 1940-04-23
A Scouting Stoff and Farm System Added

Some of the he bought they
seconddvison like the Athletics
like Grove and FoxX and Cronin
But can't bought and
augmented his
and year by year. mis- Red sox began
the farms produced Ted Williams Bobby
Maggie And he has
pennant Wnner-only it couldn't win pennan
bother YaWkey if empire oers and
crashes after consecutive
He has his theory New
a
Evening star., 1940-04-23
Win, Lose :,:'.:: o: or Draw
By FRANCIS E. STAN,
The Boy Club Owner TuIks Baseball
By FRANCIS Z. STAN,
Star STAFF Correspondent

BOSTON, April 23-The great
way Park looked and lonely Here
winter Sheets falling
whipped the streets Outside the was
stirring
der it, Boston American League Base Ball
flights of wooden telephone
the lady
the American League host at the world
Thomas Austin Young
Mr. Yawke the boy
pned baseball Doubleday the Yankee
chance
Evening star., 1940-04-23
AMERICAN

Washington at Boston. snow and wet
grounds
Cleveland, 5: St Louis. 9.
Detroit 81 Chicago, D.
Philadelphia at New York. wet grounds.
STANDING OF THE CIJJBS
Evening star., 1940-04-23
STANDING OF THE CLUBS

Cinl-l OI OF oil q Il oil OF 81 OIL .OOOl -
Bkll OIL oil oil OL OF II II 2I OIL .0oOI a
Pit OF Ol-l oil II II oil OF q OIL .OO0I "a
Phi Of OF o. OF OF OF II II OIL OOOl1
chil 0! 0! Of o. q Ol OF q Al .333l2h
stLl OF o. o. OL IL OF OF II Al .2OOI3
Bosl o. o. OI OI Of o. Ol OF II .OOOI2
NY OF o. Ol OF 0I oil OI-l OF q .OOOi2h
L.. oil oil oil OF Al Al II 2l-l-I
Evening star., 1940-04-23
CANES TOMORROW

Boston at Brooklyn.
New York at Phila.
Chicago at Pittsb gh.
st. Louis at Cinci
Evening star., 1940-04-23
GAMES TOMORROW,

Wash. at Boston. 3.
Phila. at New York.
Detroit at Chicago.
Cleve. at St. Louis.
Evening star., 1940-04-23
Major League Statistics
NATIONAL
JESDAY, APRIL %, 1910.

Results Yesterday.
Cincinnati. 6; st. Louis. /.
Pittsburgh, 8: Chicago 3.
New York at Philadelphia, cold
Boston at Brooklyn. wet grounds anc
cold.
Evening star., 1940-04-13
Women Voters Urge
Ramspeck Bill 10
Extend Civil Service
League Approves
Examination Proviso;
Pension Plan Introduced

Passage of the Ramspeek bill for
extension of the civil service, but
without the House amendment that
would bar from its benefits employers
credited to Washington and IA
States that are above their ap-
portionment quotas, was urged BY
the National League of Women
Voters in a statement filed with
the Senate Civil Service Committee
yesterday.
The league approved Of the nom
competitive examination provided
for in the bill to be taken by en-
ployes being brought under the
merit system. describing it as a
great improvement over the Gus
tomary practice in the past of
blanketing employees into the civil
service. The committee expects to
resume hearings Wednesday.
Meanwhile, a bill was introduced
in the House yesterday by Repre-
sentative Barry of New York to give
all Federal civil service employees
who have served IS years a pension
Of not less than half of the aver
age annual basic salary they re-
ceived during any five consecutive
years.
Evening star., 1940-04-13

public schools, the Mayflower Hotel
and many other large building
projects.
Returned in 1893.
In 1888 Mr.. Gillen returned to
the ONCE of Public Buildings and
Grounds just prior to its transfer to
the Interior Department to be split
up into the Office of National Cap
ital Parks and another Office in
charge of public buildings, both
units Of the National Park Service.
He was assistant chief of the
branch of engineering of the Ma
tional Park Service until recently,
when he was made chief Of the
engineering, planning and construc-
ton division of National Capital
Parks. -t,
Until a permanent superintend-
ent is chosen by means OF civil
service examination I'll try to keep
the ball rolling right along and push
all our projects ahead as fast as
possible" he said today.
Chief of these are the Jefferson
memorial, Fort drive, G. & o. Canal
parkway, recreation system develop
ment, George Washington Memorial
parkway and other lesser develop
ments. --s-
Evening star., 1940-04-13
Custer Of Russell
Assai|ed al Session
OF Teachers
Instructors in Social
Science Meet at
Miner College

Custer of Bertrand Russell, we'll
known author and philosopher, from
the faculty of the City College of
New York by recent court order
was sharply criticized today by the
Fifth Conference of the Association
of Social Science Teachers in Negro
Colleges, which opened a one-day
session at Miner Teachers College
William M. Brewer, head of the
department of history in the colored
division Of the public schools, told
some 80 social science teachers the
recent dictum of the New York court
illustrates the vicious jeopardy into
which dark age inquisitorial church.
men, jurists and politicians are plac-
ing the freedom of American teach
ing"
Education through research was
advocated as an aid in the building
OF a new social order by DR.. Clyde
Minor Of Lincoln University, Jeffer-
son City. Mo.
Mrs. Dorothy B. Porter an assist
ant librarian at Howard University
discussed recent books and articles
concerning the Negro.
DR.. Willis Higgins, assistant prin-
cipal of the Harlem Evening School
in New York, led the discussion of
Mr.. Brewers paper, while Prof. T.
I. Brown of Miner Teachers COL
lege led the discussion of DR.. Minors
paper.
The opening session was welcomed
by E. A. Clark, president of the
Teachers College, and DR.. Charles
H. Wesley of Howard University pre-
sided.
After luncheon in the Howard
University cafeteria, the group was
to continue its sessions in the
Founders Library at Howard.
Speakers were to be DR.. L. D. Red
dick of the New York Public Library,
DR.. Rayford w. Logan of Howard
and Prof. John Hope Franklin of
st. Augustine's College, in Raleigh,
N. C..
Evening star., 1940-04-13
Cleanup Squads C|eanest
Given Cash Awards BY Club

The cleanest members Of the city's
cleanup staff today have extra cash
In their pockets and bright pennants
to fly on their trash and garbage
trucks.
Woman members of the 10th Gen.
tury Clubs Clean City Committee
Yesterday presented money awards
to eight colored members of the
City Refuse Department, in the Office
OF Supervisor William A. Xanten,
462 Indiana avenue NV. Mr.. Kan
ten gave the banners.
First prizes were granted to Will
liam Hargroves, who has had 20
years with the trash service; Samuel
Taylor, II years with the ash service !:
Andrew H. Withers, nine years with
the garbage service, and Paul Hemp
hill, seven years with the street.
cleaning service.
Runnersup were Marcellus j.
Brown, II years with the street.
cleaning service; William Young. 16
years with the trash service; Frank
A. England, four years with the
garbage service, and Ernest Davis.
three years with the ash service.
Chairman of the Presentation
Committee was Mrs. Ray Everett.
The women previously made an in
spection trip to the Refuse Depart
ment's machine shop and in
cinerator.
Evening star., 1940-04-13
GMen to Push Park Projects
AS Acting Superintendent
Engineer Given Post
Pending Civic Service
Test Selection

Francis F. Gillen, new as acting
superintendent of National Capital
Parks but an old hand on parks and
park projects, today took the helm
OF the Washington system, promising
that he would keep the ball rolling"
and push all park projects ahead
with all possible speed until perma-
nent superintendent is selected.
Mr.. Gillen, who has had part in
the execution of nearly every park
project in the Nations Capital since
the turn of the century, besides being
well versed in the planning, engi-
neering and construction end of park
work, was superintendent of parks
under the director of Public Build
ings and Grounds prior to 1922, so
that the superintendent desk is no
novelty to him today
His experience in park work ex-
ceeds by number of years that of
Frank T. Gartside, assistant super
intendent of the local parks Office
and acting superintendent from
August l, 1899, to January, 1910.
Began as Junior Engineer.
He came to the ONCE of Public
Buildings and Grounds, the prede-
cessor of the Office OF National Capt.
tai Parks, as junior engineer. A
native of Saulte Ste. Marie, Mich,
he had graduated only the year be-
fore from the University of Michigan.
After rising through the ranks,
one of Mr.. Gillen's first major jobs
in connection with the Washington
park system was to supervise the
construction of the Lincoln Me-
mortal. He supervised a total of
$50 ,000, 900 worth of public buildings
and park projects up to 1922.
Added to his broad experience in
local park and public buildings work
Mr.. Gillen had 10 years of expert
ence in private engineering practice
with various contracting companies
in Washington. For he left the en-
ploy of the Office of Public Build
ings and Grounds in 1922 and went
into private practice.
During the next 10 years he
superintended the construction of
such buildings as the District fl
tration plant st Dalecarua, four
Evening star., 1940-04-13
City News in Brief
TODAY

Tea dance, Trinity College, Ward
man Park Hotel, pm.
Dinner, Gridiron Club. Willard
Hotel, tbs pm.
Dinner. National Oficers' Club.
D. A. R., Willard Hotel, 7:3O nm.
Dinner dance. George Washington
Law Association, Mayflower Hotel,
7pm.
Dinner, National Association of
Postal Supervisors, Mayhower Hotel,
7:30 pm.
Dinner dance, Phi Beta Lambda
Sorority, Lafayette Hotel, 7:30 pm.
Dinner dance, Pattern Makers
Association, Carlton Hotel, $3.50 pm.
Meeting, Federation of Huguenots
Society, Mayflower Hotel, 8 pm.
Gard party and dance, Mizpah
Chapter, o. E. S., Wardman Park
Hotel, 8 pm. i
Dance, Orange Disc Club. Ward
man Park Hotel. 10 pm.
Convention, International Onion
of Operating Engineers. Raleieh
Hotel al day.
Evening star., 1940-04-13
Narcissus Show
Attracts Throng
In Alexandra
~t>s
Chatham Woman
Wins Top Honors
For Third Year
By . Staff Correspondent Of The Star.

By Staff Correspondent Of The Star.
ALEXANDRIA, Va, April 13.-
Mrs. Richard Reid of Chatham
won top honors by scoring the most
points and taking the Mrs. Leslie
Gray trophy for the sweepstakes
contest in the ninth annual mar
cissus show of the Garden Club of
Virginia, which opened its two-day
exhibit here yesterday.
Despite inclement weather, a large
crowd OF horticulturists attended the
show yesterday. There were several
thousand narcissus plants on display.
This is the third consecutive year
that Mrs. Reid has taken the sweep
stakes award by scoring the most
points on entries in the various
classes.
Trophies Presented.
Mrs. Thomas S. Wheelwright,
president of the Garden Club of
Virginia, awarded the trophies and
cups. A second honor, cup named
for Mrs. Wheelwright, was also
awarded Mrs. Reid for her display of
six or more varieties of white trum-
pets, in one of the classes.
Other high honors were the Amer
lean Horticultural Society silver
medal awarded to the Garden Club
of Virginia Test Garden for the out
standing horticultural exhibit; Mrs.
w. w. Gibbs cup to Mrs. Charles S.
Hunter for a special class for COL
lection of 10 varieties of incom-
parabilis with yellow perianth; j. H.
Small &, Son of Washington, D.
c., won the Narcissus Show Com
mittee cup for it's commercial ex-
hibit; Mrs. William c. Seipp of Mid
dleburg was awarded the Mrs. John
M. Dunlop cup for the best vase of
three stalks in II classes of exhibits,
and Edwin C. Powell of Rockville,
Md, was given the award of dis
tinction for his display.
Other Honor Winners.
The Eleanor Truax Harris cup was
awarded to Miss Jeannette Rustin of
Charlottesville. Others in this con-
test were Mrs. Joseph Walker Of
Woodberry Forest and Mrs. w. w.
Gibbs of Staunton.
The Augusta Garden Club of
Staunton was awarded the Garden
Club of Virginia cup for a special
exhibit, with the Albemarle Garden
Club and the Lynchburg Garden
Club also receiving second and third
honors in this contest.
The Augusta Garden Club was
awarded the presidents and member
clubs cup for its exhibit of single
specimens of white sentinel. Mrs.
E. Walten Brown of Danville and
Mrs. Reid were given second and
third honors in this class.
Evening star., 1940-04-13
Daughters Of Colonial
Wars 10 Ratify Charters

The charters of four State socie-
ties were to be ratified today by
the National Society Of the Daugh-
tiers. OF Colonial Wars at it's ninth
annual meeting in the Mayf1ower
Hotel.
The States are Arkansas, Indi-
ana, Florida and Virginia. The
national president, Mrs. Almerip
Marston of New Jersey, has made
the formation of new State societies
the principal project during her ad-
ministration.
The annual meeting in the after
noon was to be preceded by a meet
ing of the board in the morning and
luncheon for the 100 delegates.
Reports of the national officers,
the State presidents and the ma
tlonal chairmen were scheduled for
the afternoon session. Leading
project to be discussed was the pro-
posed lineage book in which 1000
ancestral lines will be traced.
Memorial services, conducted by
the national chaplain, Mrs. Julius
Y. Talmadge of Georgia, also were
scheduled.
Tonight the delegates will meet
informally and tomorrow they will
be entertained at a tea in the
Chinese room of the Mayflower, with
Mrs. Llewellyn N. Edwards as
hostess, assisted by Miss Bessie
Porter. Mrs. Marston, her national
officers and the State presidents
will receive the delegates.
Presiding at the tea table will
be Mrs. Daniel w. Walker, Mrs.
Samuel B. Woodbridge, Mrs. Horace
Crosby, Mrs. Edward P. Walsh, Mrs.
Harry C. Boden, Mrs. Eugene N.
Davis, Mrs. Percy E. Quinn, Miss
Lydia H. Brown, Mrs. Reuben E.
Knight, Mrs. Benjamin F. Buckley,
Mrs. Herbert D. Swift, Mrs. j. Pilling
Wright, Miss Helen McMackin and
Mrs. Homer F.. Sloan.
Mrs. Marston entertained at din
ner at the Mayfower last night in
honor of the National Board men,
bers and the State presidents. The
dinner was followed by reception.
Evening star., 1940-04-13
Two Groups Sponsor
Pun-Americun Proorom

A program in celebration of the
5Oth anniversary of the establish
ment OF the Pan-American Union
Will be given by the Dos Pan Ameri-
canos and La Bienvenue Ameri-
Gaines Clubs at the Y. w. c. A..
Ninth and Rhode Island avenue
NV, tonight at o'clock. Rich
ard s. Patee Of the Department Of
State will speak.
Evening star., 1940-04-13
Danes ofLoya| Legion
Election 10 Feature
Closing Session
Resolutions Dealing With
Home Front Protection
Come Up Today

Concentrating on attacks on un-
American activities, the Danes of
the Loyal Legion planned to adopt
series Of resolutions at their final
meeting before adjourning today.
The resolutions, which are said to
deal mainly with protection of the
home 'front.'" were to be presented
by Mrs. Edward S. Moulton, chair
man of the Resolutions Committee.
The meeting was also to feature
election of officers. Mrs. David
Daniel Good is the retiring presi-
dent.
Reports of State society presidents
were to be made by Mrs. William
Vogel, California; Mrs. F. C. H.
Wendell, Connecticut; Mrs. Ernest
A. Erickson, Illinois; Mrs. E. c.
Rumpler, Indiana; Mrs. Hugh
Means. Kansas; Mrs. Charles Wood
ruff, Massachusetts,; Mrs. Bertrand
Rockwell, Missouri; Mrs. Percy H.
Goodsell, New York: Mrs. R. M.
Leggett, Ohio; Miss Emily G. Hop
kinson, Pennsylvania, and Mrs.
Helen Bliss Emerson, Rhode Island.
Services for Mrs. Tucker.
DR.. Stewart w. McClelland, presi-
dent of Lincoln Memorial Uni
versity at Harrogate, Tenn, was to
conduct a special service in honor
of Mrs. Mary Logan Tucker, past
national president and president of
the District society at the time of
her death a few weeks ago. DR..
McClelland was to pay tribute to
Mrs. Logan's efforts in behalf of
the university.
A memorial service for Mrs.
Tucker also was held at the session
of the society yesterday. Mrs. Har-
riet Vaughn Rigdon, honorary ma
tional president, read a resolution
in honor of Mrs. Tucker and rep
resentatives of each State, as their
names were called, advanced to
place roses in a silver vase in her
memory. During the service Miss
Ruth Kobbe sang Lead, Kindly
Light"
Representative Plumley of YER
mont addressed the delegates at
their banquet last night, paying
tribute to Thomas Jefferson as that
man who was, and still Is, the great
est and most influential exponent of
liberalism and Americanism
Urges Fight for Liberty.
In advising the delegates to keep
Government free" he asserted that
mo method of procedure has been
or ever will be devised by which
liberty can be divorced from local
self-government."
Mrs. Good told the delegates that
foreign ideologies are fast gaining
foothold. supplanting truly American
principles on which our country was
founded"
A glass cherry tree was presented
to Mrs. Good by the representative
of the Daughters Of Veterans of the
Civil War when greetings were sent
from national federated patriotic
societies.
In charge of arrangements for the,
two-day meeting were Mrs. Rigdon,
chairman; Miss Hopkinson, Mrs.
Rex Rhoades, Mrs. David j. Rum
bough, Mrs. Rumpler. Mrs. Maurice
v. Sweeney, Mrs. I. Morrow Boniface,
Miss Helen F. Downing and Mrs.
Smead A1vOrd
Evening star., 1940-04-13
President Signs Bill
To Reimburse Marine

An act authorizing the reimburse
ment of Marine private for per-
sonal property destroyed by fire
in the Marine barracks at Quantico,
Va, was included in several bills
approved yesterday by President
Roosevelt.
Under the act, Earl S. Rogers,
private, first class, U. S. M. c., will
receive $l2975 to cover losses suf-
fered in a fire at the barracks In
June, 1889. s
Also signed by the President was
an act authorizing the Glenn L.
Martin Co., to construct a dixie or
dam across Stansbury Greek in
Baltimore County, Nd,
Evening star., 1940-04-13
Col. Vondegrift Sworn In
As Briqudier General

Col. Alexander A. Vandegrift, as
sistant to the commandant of the
Marine Corps, yesterday in brief
ceremonies at the Navy Department
was sworn in as brigadier general
by Maj. Gen. Thomas Holcomb,
commandant.
A native of Charlottesville, he
holds seven medals for China and
Central American campaigns. He
Joined the Marines in 1909 and is a
former commandant of the Peiping
Marine detachment. He has been on
expeditionary duty in Cuba, Mica
ragua, Haiti, Mexico and Panama.