davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-01-12
CORNELIUS HARNETT
PIT. A GROUP HEARS
TALK BY MIR, LILIES

The PIT. A. of Cornelius Harnett
school met on Tuesday, January 9,
at 1880 o'clock in the school audi.
torium.
The meeting was called 10 order
by the president, Mrs. Skies.
The Rev. Mr.. Pavy conducted the
devotional, by reading a few verses
from the 18th chapter of st. John.
He spoke briefly on how closely
education AMI religion were relat.
ed. He con luded with prayer.
The Rev. Nh. Fisher introduced
David Lilies, Scout executive for
this district. He related something
about the work and program of the
Boy Scout movement He said that
their program supplemented the
work Of the schools and churches.
A Boy Scout promised three things;
namely, to do his best t5ward help
ing other people at all times for
getting self in service to Others,
and to do his best to keep physical.
ly strong and mentally awake.
He told of the different things
they learn through play as first
aid, rope tying, etc.; 105 subjects
are given for merit badges.
Concluding his talk he showed
moving pictures which were taken
Of the camp life of~the Boy Scouts
here and other places.
Mr.. Pavy was appointed chair
man Of the following committee: A.
L.. Hamilton, Tom Mckee, l.. E.
Skies, MI. Riddle and Ronald Lane,
to map out plans and to secure a
Scout Master for this organization
to be sponsored by the PIT. A.
All business was dispensed with.
The treasurer made a report on the
balance in the treasury.
Mrs. Williams gave the school
announcements. She said the Janu-
airy project would be started soon.
She also stressed a large attendance
for the Study Group meeting to be
held at Isaac Bear school begin
ming Jan. 10. She also announced
that Founders Day would be held
in the afternoon at the next meet
ing.
The first grade won the prize for
the largest attendance of parents.
A delightful social hour was held.
Refreshments were served by the
J Fifth grade mothers.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-01-12
&
o to

GREENSBORO, Jan. II. The
Greensboro Symphonic orchestra,
so-called because of its coordlnated
efforts between musicians OF the
Woman's college and Greensboro
high school, will present Its flrst
program Sunday, January Fl, at
3:45 D. m. at Aycock auditorium.
H. Hugh Altvater, dean OF the
school of Music at Woman's COL
lege, will be the director.
The symphonic orchestra, whlch
was formed by Dean Altvater IN
the fall of 1889, is designed to
provide playing opportunities for
students and faculty of both the
Greensboro high school and the
Woman's college as we'll as to pre-
sent programs before the public.
This orchestra is symphonic In
form with each instrumental Sec
ton being fully represented.
The first program of the orches-
ira will include the Overture to
Die Meistersinger by Wagner. This
composition is rated as n OF
.Wagner's best works. 1t provides
each section of the orchestra with
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-01-12
Greensboro Symphonic Orchestra
Will Give First Program Sunday

interesting opportunities for ex-
preston since it is massive in pro-
portion and predominantly melodlc'
They will also play Schubert's B.
Minor symphony, more popularly
known as the Unfinished sym
phony, one of his best loved works,
in spite of the fact that only two
movements have been handed down
The final selection on the program
particularly suitable at this time
is the renown "Finlandia" by Jean
Sibelius, which shows the stead
fast heart of the Finnish people.
Among the membership in the
orchestra from the Woman's col
lege faculty are George Henry
George Dickson, Paul B. Oneley.
Harper Stephens. From the faculty
of Greensboro high school come
Miss Maureen Moore, Mrs. Ray
mond Brietz, Raymond Brietz, Her
bert Hazelman. From nearby towns
comes: Kenneth Smith, Winston
Salem; Miss Evelyn Sharpe, super
intendent of music at High Point
and Douglas Danfeldt, superinten'
dent of music at Asheboro.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-01-12
Lake Waccamaw

LAKE WACCAMAW, Jan. Ii
Frank CAN'T has returned to Chat
tanooga, to resume his studies aft
er spending several days here with
his parents, Mr.. and Mrs. F. B.
Gault.-L. c. Guice and sister, Miss
Sarah Mae Guice, Of Bremen, Ga,
have returned to their home after
spending some time here visiting
in the home of Mr.. and Mrs. L..
w. Chauncey.-Miss Lois Hood was
a visitor in Wilmington Tuesday.
M. and Mrs. A. l.. Butler and
daughters, Misses Eva and Mabel
Of near Whiteville visited relatives
here this WEEKS. ]. Chauncey, of
the U. S. Navy, visited his par
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. S. C. Chauncey
here during the Week.-Mrs. Mir
lam Gault has returned to Chat
ham, Va, to resume her duties as
instructor Mr.. and Mrs. Jessie
Rankin are spending some time in
Charlotte, with their parents, Mr..
and Mrs. w. S. Rankin.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-01-12
DAVIS BIBLE CLASS
FOR
R ROBERT REEVES

The Davis Bible class of the First
Baptist church delightfully."- enter
tanned Monday afternoon at the
home of Miss Betty Palmer, on
Princess street, in honor of Mrs.
Robert w. Reeves, who before her
marriage was Miss Myrtle Lee
Townsend.
The home was decorated with cut
flowers, games were played and a
delicious ice course was served.
The honoree received many lovely
and useful gifts.
Guests included: Mrs. Reeves,
honoree, Mesdames Jack Hunter,
Naomi Pridgen, Dolly Blake, Robert
Williams, William A. Stone and
Misses Elsie Russell, Letha. Good.
man, Olive Davis, Lila Fisher, Mary
Underwood, Evelyn Fisher, Frances
Campbell, Dorothy Potter and Betty
Palmer.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-01-12

ELIZABETHTOWN, Jan. II. -
Mrs. James H. Clark was hostess
at one of the prettiest parties of
the New Year season at her home
on Wednesday afternoon when she
entertained the personnel of the
Wednesday Contract club and a
few additional guests. The New
Year motif vas observed in all the
party appointments. Covers were
laid for twelve guests and delight
full ice cream, nodded in colorful
bells, was served with lady fingers,
candy and sailed nuts. Attractive
packages were placed on the tables
for ach guest. The tables were
centered with burning candles.
Beautiful pink roses, gladioli and
ported plants enhanced the lovely
home. After three interesting pro-
gressions attractive prizes were
awarded to Mrs. J. S. Blair for
club high score, Mrs. w. r. Whit
ted for visitors high, Mrs. S. L.
Thornton for bingo and to Mrs. j.
M. Pringle for low score. Those en-
joying this delightful occasion
were: Mesdames J. D. Beatty, J,
S. Blair, Conrad Clark, H. M
Clark, G. F. Fisher, c. R. Jordan,
A. H. Greene, s.. L. Thornton, N.
l.. Tatum, ]. M. Pringle, w. r.
Whitfield and Mrs. G. A. Holderness
of New Jersey.
Mrs. Lille Heater. J. r. Powell,
and r. M. Williams are attending
the county agents conference in
Raleigh this week. - Mott Blair is
improving after being i'll at his
home for several days. K. l..
Pioneer is i'll at his home at the
present time.
Mr.. and Mrs. Roy Cain, who
have been living here for the past
few months, moved last week to
Ellerbee.
Circles of the Baptist church met
Monday afternoon as follows. The
Jennie Shepard circle with Mrs.
S. e. Ewell, Mrs. Hubbard joint
hostess; The Maude Dosier circle
with Mrs. w. F. Williamson.
7. B. Mcdowell has been i'll at
his home for several days. He is
improving at the present time. -
Mrs. John Mcdowell and Miss Ruth
Mcdowell visited relatives in San
ford a few days last week. - Miss
Marion Jordan returned to Cas-
tonia Sunday after spending sew
eral days at her home here. -
Mrs. j. w. Cross and Miss Dana
Cross, of H~untersville, are visiting
Mr.. and Mrs. F. D. Cross. - Mrs.
James H. Clark returned home
Saturday from Wadesboro where
she visited relatives during the
past week. Miss bessie Harrel-
son spent the weekend in Clinton
with MI. and Mrs. Barrie Harrel.
son.
Mr.. and Mrs. Stewart DeVane,
of Fayetteville, spent Sunday with
the formers parents, MI. and Mrs.
B. c. DeVane.-Mr. and Mrs. D.
A. Harris and Mrs. T. B. Averitte
and children, Miriam and johnny.
visited J. D. Harris at Pitman hos
pital in Fayetteville Sunday. Mr.,
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-01-12
Mrs. lanes H. Clark Hostess At
Lovely Party In Elizabethtown

Harris is slightly improved.-Miss
Sarah Clark spent the weekend at
her home in Rosindale. - Mr.. and
Mrs. G.. w. Fisher visited relatives
in st. Pauls Sunday. - Miss Mary
Mcleod and John Mcleod spent
Sunday in Fairmont with Mrs. A.
B. Bullock. - Mrs. F. E. Cross
and son spent several days last
week in Roseboro with relatives
Mrs. N. A. Regain has been ill at
her home for several days with
influenza. She is improving at the
present time.-Mrs. N. A. Regain
who has been ill for some time
continues very i'll. - Mrs. Julius
Sugge returned home Saturday
from Lumberton where she a a
patient at Thompson hospital for a
few daVS.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-01-12
Mrs. Everett
Speaks Before
Sorosis Group
Current Topics Division OF
Club Holds Meeting
At Clubhouse

The Current Topics division of the
Educational department OF the
North Carolina Sorosis club met
yesterday afternoon at 4 o'clock IN
the Sorosis clubrooms, on North
Third street.
Mrs. Louis Hanson, chairman OF
the division, presided owe the meet
ing and introduced Mrs. j. Henry
Gerdes, who read interesting eX-
cerpts from the North Carolina
Clubwoman, magazine of the North
Carolina Federation of Women's
clubs, on the topic, "Challenge to
Civilization" Next on the program
was Mrs. H. Edmund Rodgers, who
most interestingly explained How
the Neutrality Laws are Affecting
U.s. Mrs. Rodgers read excerpts
from a letter from Senator Bailey
dealing with the S .bject.
Mrs. George Leftwich introduced
the speaker of the program, Mrs.
Ruth Wick Everett, of Seaboard,
field secretary of the North Caro-
lima Education association, who is
conducting a series of lectures in the
schools here under the auspices of
the New Hanover County Council
of Parents and Teachers. She is
also an officer in the Fine Arts de-
partmenr of the North Carolina
Federation of Women's clubs. Mrs.
Everett gave a brief talk on the i'm
portance of fine arts being taught
in the schools of today and the ad-
vantages thus given by this to the
pupil. Mrs. Everett spoke briefly
on Adventures in Drama, telling of
her experiences as a teacher in her
home town school of Seaboard. and
what the meaning of drama is and
the important part it plays ii the
life of the community, not only On
the child but the entire family. The
most important object in this sub
ject is developing creative art in the
pupil, as well as the entire. family.
Following Mrs. Everett's talk, a
refreshment curse was served.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-01-12
WILLIAM HOOPER
PIT. A. CONDUCTS
REGULAR MEETING

The William Hooper Parent
Teachers association held it's regu'
lar meeting Wednesday afternoon.
Mrs. Charles Register led the devo-
tional.
The presidents message was
read by Mrs. Jean Morton Joyce.
A favorable report was made by
the treasurer, Miss Airline Kimball
Mrs. T. E. Peterson, the presi.
dent, asked that all parents and
teachers attend the lectures of Mrs.
Ruth Wick Everett at Isaac Bear
school January 9, 10 and II.
The meeting adjourned after. a
short session in order that the
members may attend Mrs. Ever
ett's lectures.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-01-12

LUMBERTON, Jan. IL Misses
Jane Carter, Virginia Mcmillan,
Elizabeth Mcleod and Jane Camp
bell were hostesses at a dance Fri
dav night for members of the sub
deb society set. Dancing was en-
loved from 9 o'clock until midnight
and at intermission refreshments
were served. Chaperones were:
Mesdames Marie Garter, W. c.
Campbell, ]. r. Mcleod, mothers OF
three of the ~hostesses, Miss :1ildred
Akin and George Powell. Seventy
five guests attended.
Miss Irene Barnes entertained al
a dance in the American Legion
hut Tuesday night feting a large
number of the sub debs
Chaperones were: Mr.. and Mrs. r
L. Sarbaugh ard Mr.. and Mrs. T
V. Baker, Jr. Punch and cakes were
served at intermission.
Mrs. J. o. McClelland, Of Max
ton, addressed the edeiie'
association Monday afternoon or
1.-The Influence Of Moving Picture:
O n Youth" Mrs. A. V. G. Wishart
chairman of Visual Education II
IT,, unit, presented Mrs. lcClelland
Mrs. J. 1om C%ovington presided
minutes were read by Mis-!
Evelina Beckwith and the treas
urer's report was made by Mrs. H
E. Stacy.
Robson chapter, United Daugh
ters of the Confederacy, met Thurs
d. afternoon at the home of Mrs
A. NJ. Hartley with Mrs. ]. A
Thompson, Mrs. L. L. Pope ant
Mrs. w. c Campbell associate hos
~tesses. Mrs. j. P. Mcneil, chapte
president, gave aims of the organ
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-01-12
elIeplIao:ne 4 ] J.

sary labor and emphasized IL.
danger of the misuse of leisure
Leisure time" he contisuaa
should be properly used to de, o1o'
creative instinct, to give prone, ro..
to bodies and minds, and in mir
suit of a hobby or a vocation
Mr.. satterfield read the Ten Com.
mandments of Successful Liyin,
experimenting the idea expressed n
the devotional topic.
Miss Helen Brinson rendered =,
lovely piano selection.
Routine business reports Vera
discussed following the proeram
Miss Davis Eighth grade Won tbs
attendance award.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-01-12
Sub-Deb Set In Lumberton Is
Entertained At Lovely Affair

ization for the coming year as out
lined in the year book. The pro
gram in charge Of Mrs. j. -.
Stewart, centered around the birth
days of Generals Maury, Lee an !
Jackson. Mrs. Lewis Wicker and
Mrs. George Hargrave gave papers
and musical selections were pre-
scented by Mrs. j. A. Martin.
Miss Evelina Beckwith entertain
ed her bridge club and other friends
Tuesday afternoon at Hotel Lor-
raine. High score club prize was
won by Mrs. r. A. Mcintyre and
high score visitors prize by Miss
Jerry Ludwick. A two course steak
supper was served after the game.
Special guests were Misses Lud-
wick, Sprunt Hall, Polly Short, Mes,
DANES William Timberlake and Joe
P. Moore.
Mrs. e. A. Allen, Jr., entertain
ed in the lounge of Hotel Lor-
raine Tuesday afternoon when she
feted her bridge club. High score
club prize was won by Mrs. Lou
ten R. Hedgpeth and low SEQ
award by Mrs. Graham McKinnon
Jr. Refreshments were served II
two courses. Mrs. George Aller
was the only visitor.
Mr.. and Mrs. Henry RGtaff were
hosts at a bridge supper Tuesda!
night at their home. Prizes wer
won by Mrs. Max Weinstein and
L. Meehan for members, Mrs. jim
my Rountree and W. F. Scarbor
ough for visitors and travelling priz
was won by Mrs. Weinstein. Visit
ors were: Mrs. Rountree, Mr.. an
Mrs. Scarborough and Mr.. and Mrs
j., r. Barnes.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-01-12
Fat, utNotTooFat, And
The
Stvle For Duck Or Goose
Sundays Menu
BREAKFAST: Ora

BREAKFAST: Orange and
grapefruit juice, brown rice
griddle cakes, spiced sausage
cakes, maple syrup, coffee, milk.
DINNER: Avocado canapes,
roast duckling, giblet gravy, cur
ried apples, mashed potatoes,
Brussels sprouts, endive and
tangerine salad, steamed carrot
pudding, hard sauce, coffee,
milk.
SUPPER: Oyster stew, crack
ers, small ham sandwiches, stew
ed apricots, jelly cake, tea, milk.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-01-12
FURLONG-GRAY
ENGAGEMENT IS
ANNOUNCED HERE

The following announcement will
be read with interest here:
In Mrs. John ]. Furlong announces
the engagement of her daughter,
Mary Cecilia, to Earle Eugene
Gray, of this city.
The wedding will take place this
month.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-01-12
ROAST
UNCOVERED

Start roasting the bird with the
breast down on the rack of a shall
low pan, without water and without
a owe Roast 5 to 6 pound young
duck in moderate. oven $3.50 deg. F.)
for two to two and a half hours, or
until the breast and thigh are ten
der when pierced with a skewer.
Roast 10 to - pound young goose
in moderate oven $3.50 deg. F.) for
three to four hours, until tender.
A goose or duck is so fat that it
needs no basting. But turn it every
half hour to get all parts cooked
evenly. If the bird is very fat,
prick the skin during the roasting
to allow the fat to drain out.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-01-12
Birth

Nh. and Mrs. r. K. McKeithan.
of Bolivia, announce the birth of
a daughter, Maude Lee, at the
Marion Sprunt annex, on December
81. Mrs. McKeithan is the for
mer Miss EVELYN Lee Lewis.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-01-12
PERSONALS

Mrs. j. W. Norwood and Mis-,
Frances Norwood, of Greenyilo
S. c., are the guests of Mr.. ana
Mrs. Ben K. Norwood, at their
home in Oleander.
Friends of Mrs. I. X. Primer. s.,
who is a patient at James Walker
Memorial hospital, will regret to
learn that her condition is ungatis.
factory.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-01-12

with stuffing. but do not pack.
(Wild rice makes a delicious stuff.
fling for both duck. and goose.)
Then draw the skin of the neck
back and fasten neatly wi h
string or skewers. Sew up the open.
ing in the tail. Tie the legs close
to the body and fasten the wings
with a string that crosses at the
back where the marks will not
show.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-01-12
5Oth Anniversary

BURGAW, Jan. 11-Mr. and Mrs.
T. 7. Rivenbark will be honored on
their Fiftieth wedding anniversary
at a picnic at their home January
16 from - until 3 o'clock. All
friends are cordially invited to at
tend.
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-01-12
Club Clock

The Sons and Daughters of
Liberty will entertain on Sat.
urday evening from $50 o'clock
until 9 o'clock at on oyster
supper at the Junior Order hall.
The public is invited and a small
admission will be charged.
The New Hanover County
Council of Home Demonstration
clubs will meet in the home
agents office in the customhouse
on Monday. January IS, at 10
o'clock. The Masonboro Home
club will hold it's regular meet
ing on the same day at 3 o'clock.
The Wilmington All club will
meet at the office of Miss Ann
Mason, home agent, in the Gus
tomhouse Saturday morning at
9:45 o'clock.
The monthly meeting of the
New Hanover High school Par
ent-Teacher association will be
held this evening at 8 o'clock
in the school auditorium. Mrs.
J. Buren, Sudbury will be in
charge of the program and will
introduce the guest speaker,
Mrs. Ruth Wick Everett, who
is giving a series of lectures
here this week. ,
The Stamp Defiance chapter,
Daughters of the American
Revolution, will hold its regu-
lar meeting this evening at 8
o'clock at the home of the
regent, Mrs. J. K. Bannerman,
in Forest Hills. All members
are urged to attend as mat
ters of Importance will be dis
c11SSe6
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-01-12
BY MRS. GAYNOR MADDOX
NEA Service Staff Writer

Come Sunday, come duck or
goose. At this time of year that
might be a good rule every few
weeks. From the Federal Bureau
of Home Economics comes this gen.
eral advice on buying and roasting
both ducks and geese.
Select a plump, aristocratic-look-
ing bird with a good covering of fat.
However, avoid one that is too fat
because much of its weight will be
lost in grease that cooks out. Get
a fowl that has seen only n sum.
mer. The windpipe on young birds
is soft and pliable; hard and rigid
on old ones. Older birds have coarser
skin, more yellow in color and the
breastbone is harder.
DUCK SUITABLE
FOR SMALL FAMILY
Ducks do better for smaller fami-
lies. Most of them weigh about 5
not drawn, and with head and feet.
Figure about 1 - lbs. dressed luck
or goose for each serving. Most of
the young birds on the market are
called Long Island ducklings. These
are fast-grown ducks ready for the
table when about - weeks old. Their
skin is always white and the legs
and beak are yellow, almost orange.
If duck or goose is to make a
good appearance at table, it must be
carefully drawn and prepared. Pull
out the pin feathers and down" an6
SINCE off the hairs quickly. Then
pull the skin down and cut the neck
off short, saving the neck for max
ing stock for the giblet gravy. Finish
drawing the bird from a length
wise cut that is made under the
tail. Wash bird carefully both in
side and out, with cold water. Dry
thoroughly.
Fill both neck and body cavity
The Wilmington morning star., 1940-01-12
Winter PARK Meet

All grade mothers and fathers OF
quested to meet this evening at
7:3O o'clock at the home of Mrs.
w. l.. Wood, Sr.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-10-31
ABSENTEES FROM
 CITY SEEK VOTE
Greatest Number on Rec ord Apply to Town Clerk
 for Their Ballots

Unprecedently great interest in the presidential election next week is reflected in the record number of applications being made for ab- sentee ballots. Town Clerk Mary c. Kilmartin today reported that her original supply of 800 absentee ballots has been exhausted and that she had to write to Hartford fol an additional 200 forms.
 The absentee ballots are used by those whose legal voting address is in this city but who will be pre- vented by absence from the city or illness from going to the polls them selves to vote next Tuesday.
 In past years there have never been more than about 300 absentee ballots cast in this city. The bal lots must be in the hands of Mrs Kilmartin by Saturday of this week since the law requires that the bal lots be filed officially at least three days before election.
 The registrars of voters are nov preparing the voting lists for use Tuesday. The final numbered lists are due from the printers today or tomorrow. It is expected they will show a record local registration, the figure perhaps being as high as 47,OOO.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-10-31
Traffic Toll In Nation Is Mounting At Speedy Rate

death tolls for the ninth month. They were Montana, Nebraska, Maine, North Carolina, Georgia and Tennessee. States in the Rocky Mountain area showed the, greatest sectional boost in fatalities this year while the South Atlantic states had the least traffic deaths in propor- ton to their previous years marks. September was death-free in 169 cities of more than 10000 popula- ton, the council said, and Dallas, Tex, IA consecutive days without a fatal accident set a new all-time record. Lakewood, O., and Davel,- port, Ia.. were the largest cities to report no traffic fatalities the first nine months of 1940.
 Buffalo, N. Y, led the Metropol- itan cities in safety with 8 9.6 death rate per 100000 persons. Milwaukee and Boston were second and third.
 Other division leaders: Pr0vi-
 dence, R. T., between 250,000 and 800 O.OO0: Springfield, Mass, over 100.- 1 900 and Lakewood, O., and Daven- ] port, la, over 5O.000.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-10-31
ALLEGED SLAYER
 OF WIFE IS DEAD

Detroit, Oct. S1 = CUP) = James Warren Crabb, 23-year- -old scion of a wealthy Delavan, H., banking family who was accused of staying his wife three years ago, died in Re- ceiving hospital today. Doctors at tributed death to an overdose of sleeping tablets.
 Crabb had registered in a Detroit hotel Monday under the name of James w. Wall of Bloomington. Ill. He was found unconscious in his room last night, with only eight cents in his pockets. Doctors at first believed he was critically ill with pneumonia.
 The murder trial, which received nationwide publicity, resulted after Crabb, then 20, was alleged to have slain his pretty 19 year old wife, Betty Collison Crabb. after a drink ing party. A circuit court jury failed to agree at his first trial. The second trial never was called.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1940-10-31
GREYHOUND BUS
 DRIVERS STRIKE
Tied Up-Line That Runs Between New York and :.
 Boston Today

New York, October 31. - (UP) - Striking bus drivers tied up Grey hound Line busses running between New York and Boston today.
 Approximately 200 of the drivers walked out last night after the company discontinued two runs be- tween Springfield, Mass, and New York. They are members of the Amalgamated Association of Elec- trio and Motor Coach Ouperators of America. affiliated with the Ameri- can Federation of Labor.
 J. L. Sheppard, regional manager for the Greyhound Lines, said that cancellation of the runs put four or five drivers back on the com pany's extra list. The drivers ch- iected to this, he said.
 Federal mediators were expected to open negotiations immediately