davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1940-11-17
TARANTO POINTS THE HORE-BELlSHA
British War Crushing Defect of Italy

sionist tendencies in Spain, as evidenced
by her arbitrary acquisition Of Tangler,
would be given pause-Tangier, with It's
harbor in which enemy submarines have
sought shelter only 35 miles southwest
of Gibraltar.
LorryloadS of munitions and artillery
pieces have arrived in the settlement, and
laborers are said to be engaged in con-
Structing Notifications. 1t can only have
been false assumption that Britain was
weak which emboldened the Spanish
government to act so high-handedly.
Conversely, the real conviction of Brit
aims strength can diSpel the lowering
shadows which hang so menacingly over
the straits.
Any contemplated adjustment Of the
French African empire in favor of Italy
would be put out of all question by a
successful offensive undertaken against
the weaker partner in the axis now. In
the hearts of many Frenchmen there is
a conflict of emotions 1t needs but little
to settle the balance which wavers be-
tween Vichy and the cause Of freedom.
Once the Free French elements are
established, their position will be beyond
dispute. 1t is to be hoped that they will
be able to extend their influence further
north and that, with British assistance,
they will be able to break the line of air
communication between Dakar and
Brazil.
Other Places for "TarantO."
AS long as this service is maintained,
direct support can be given to the de-
signs of Germany in Martinique. This
French island. at the behest of Vichy, is
being vigorously fortified Here is an at
tempt to thrust spear into the defenses
Of the Caribbean. The United States
Government has farsightedly taken pre-
cautions, but it is on the eastern side of
the Atlantic that the shaft of the
weapon is helped.
There are other areas lying outside Of
Africa in which the Taranto success
should be followed up. 1t cannot be
overemphaSized how important strategi-
cally Syria is to the safety of Egypt, the
security of the Mosul oil fields and the
integrity of Turkey.
Undoubtedly pressure was put on Mol
otoff during his visit in Berlin to keep
Turkey from participating in the war on
the side of Britain. The note which
Britain sent Russia ON the eve of this
meeting, complaining about her desired
representation of the Danube Commits
sion. was not calculated to create a IA
vorable reaction. Diplomatically, as well
as militarily, Britain must advance her
cause
No complication should be vented or
tolerated which can stand in the way Of
defeating Italy. With clarity of purpose
and answering energy this object should
be pursued. laramie shows the way to
victory.
tcopyrisht. 1900
Evening star., 1940-11-17

chant cruiser Jervis Bay landed at

chant cruiser Jervis Bay landed at
a Canadian port on Wednesday, most
of them wounded, and with their
arrival in Canada, on Swedish
freighter, the mystery surrounding the
recent battle between a German raider
and British convoy was cleared up.
Survivors told how the Jervis Bay,
former Australian liner converted into
lightly armed guardship, headed with
out hesitation into battle against Nazi
sea raider, laying down a smoke screen
which permitted the ships in the convoy,
38 in all, to scatter and seek safety.
With one arm almost shot away, Capt.
E. S. F. Fegen remained on the bridge
and went down with his ship. Most of
the ships in the convoy later reached
port.
Cheered by these and other exploits
Of the Royal Navy, the British people
frightened their belts to meet the axis
threat to their merchant shipping. Ber-
lin claimed additional sinkings of British
merchant ships during the week. In
answer to a question in the House of
Commons. A. ". Alexander, First Lord of
the Admiralty, estimated that British
shipping losses during the first u months
Of the war aggregated 1911 ,842 tons.
Funeral services for former Prime
Minister Neville Chamberlain were held
Thursday in historic
ChomberIoin's Westminster Abbey,
Funeral last resting place of
many famous Briton
Among those attending the simple rites
were Prime Minister Churchill and the
Duke of Gloucester, who represented the
royal family. The final prayer for Brit
aims late Prime Minister, who sought
a peace for our time" was offered by
the Archbishop of Canterbury.
Evening star., 1940-11-17

LONDON.-The swift precise stroke
at the Italian battleships in Taranto
harbor is a significant act of retribution
upon Italy. That country. it will be re-
called, deduced from the successful occu-
patton of Norway by the Germans that
Britain was no longer able to exert her
Sea~supremacy within operative range Of
an enemys land based aircraft.
1t was indeed anticipation of the dis
proportionate losses to British ships from
Nazi bombers which restricted the action
against passage of hostile transports
through the Skagerrak.
This consideration also had its weight
in the subsequent decision to abandon
attempts which had been undertaken to
eXpel the invader Whatever may have
been the reasons which influenced Brit
ain in this phase of the war. the fact re-
mains that she did not mass all her
forces and put the issue to test. Conse-
would be able to repeat in the Mediter-
ranean the achievement of the Germans
in Norway was the superficial judgment
based upon inconclusive experience.
Had he been right, the Royal Navy
would have been insecure in its bases
at Alexandria and Malta and could only
have ventured upon its excursions at
the risk of decimation.
Feels Sting of r. A. F.
Instead, however, of cringing at an
chor, it has repeatedly dispatched de-
tachments within sight of the enemy
ports and remained virtually unscathed
by recurring. if inaccurate, assaults by
squadrons of Italian bombers.
Now it is the Italians, themselves, who
have experienced the efficacy of Britain's
numerically inferior but qualitatively su-
perior air strength. 1t must have added
to the astonishment of the Fascist ad-
miralty to contrast the fate of H. M. S.
Rodney, which survived without serious
damage a direct bomb hit on her deck
when in action off Bergen, with that OF
three of their battleships at laramie.
These were reported to have been put
completely out of commission for the
time being by the devastating use OF that
new tactical weapon which is being per-
fected by the fleet air arm. the aerial
torpedo.
But vessels which have been injured
can be repaired. If, therefore, full ad-
vantage is to be drawn from this bold
encounter. no pause must be given Italy
in her preoccupations.
1t is desirable that the policy directed
against Italy should henceforth be more
consecutive than that which has been
pursued against France since the battle
of Oran. Early in June, 1t was an
nounced that more than half Of the
French capital ships had been accounted
for. Among them was the Richelieu, the
most formidable battleship IN the world.
Evening star., 1940-11-17
CONFUSION SPREADING AMONG AGGRESSORS
For European Conflict Leaders Are Not So Sure
By Constantine Brolcn.

in Egypt, the much-trumpeted German
support based on the Brennero agree
ment of "one army and one aim did not
materiahZe
The Italian offensive against Greece
has been a complete flop TO date. 1t is
more than probable that in the end the
Greeks are going to be overwhelmed by
the Italians. But their heroic resistance
has accomplished more than was ex-
pected of them: 1t has enabled Britain
to occupy Crete without opposition and
other islands in the Aegean and the
Ionian Sea- and 1t has badly shaken The
italian morale.
The situation in Italy is such that the
German high command has considered
it necessary to send important units of
the Reichswehr to occupy the important
strategic points between Italy and the
Reich. The official explanation of the
presence of those troops is that they
ought to be on hand to cooperate with
the italian forces whenever they are
needed, but underneath this explanation
there is something more serious: The
fear in the Reich of an Italian detection.
yichy's Attitude.
The lack of new military successes on
the part of the axis, together with the
reelection of President Roosevelt, has
had a queer effect on France. Vice
Premier Pierre Laval had made all the
necessary arrangements with the Reich
fnT. of hptT
Germany and prostrated France on the
basis of Frances accepting entirely the
totalitarian philosophy. This, deprived
of its theological trappings, means that
France is ready to support the powers of
the axis in their fight to end the war by
bringing Britain to her knees.
But the enforcement of the Laval
Hitler agreement has been postponed.
Marshal Petain, without whom the Ger
mans could not control colonial France
the only part of the country which is
still in a position to fights of two
minds about the whole thing. He wants
to see some more definite results before
pledging Frances complete support to
the axis. Furthermore, some strange
things are happening in the French
colonies. The professional army in North
Africa, which could turn the tide for
or against Great Britain, is still willing
to obey orders from the hero of Verdun.
In order to make them sure that the
army remains faithful to the field mar
shall, the Vichy government sent Gen.
Maxine Weygand on tour of inspection.
Gen. Weygand is the next most obeyed
and respected officer after Petain. His
loyalty to the Vichy government could
not be challenged-though M. Laval.
After having inspected the Syrian
forces, Weygand went to Algeria and
Morocco, and he is still there. All sug-
gestions and even orders from Vichy
to return to report" have remained
unanswered and Petain has not found
Evening star., 1940-11-17

For the first time since the outbreak
of the war there is real confusion in the
axis camp. For the first time in 13
months, during which they have suf-
fered not single military or diplomatic
defeat, the totalitarian leaders feel that
victory is slipping between their fingers.
There is confusion in Rome and in Toxic
and anger and concern in Berlin.
The accord" announced on Thursday
at Berlin between Hitler and Soviet For
eign Minister Molotoff, which is reported
to give Russia a tremendous Asiatic en-
pire If and when Britain is defeated, is
considered in Washington as a def
mite sign of the confusion and concern
which prevail in Berlin these days.
Things have been running badly ever
since Germany failed to invade England
and the axis had to change the blItz-
krieg into a war of position in other
parts of the world But this failure of
Germany to end the war by October of
this year has had unfortunate roper
cussions for the dictatorS. Signor MuSSo-
lini, acting on advice from Berlin that
Britain would be reduced to submission in
a few weeks, started his campaign
against Egypt. Marshal Rodolfo Gra-
ziani launched his offensive against the
Suez Canal and all the success he OBJ
tanned was to conquer the desert as far
as Sidi Barrani-a region which the Brit
ish were only too glad to let their op-
ponents have. The failure of GRAHAM,
who supposedly was equipped with
powerful aviation force and a larger
number of troops than the British pos
sessed in Africa, caused a certain uneasi-
ness in war-weary Italy.
At War Five Years Now.
There are official news reports emanat-
ing from the Bureau Of Propaganda IN
Rome that the italian people are en-
Enthusiastically behind II Duce, but reports
from uninpeachable sources belle these
statements. and it becomes clearer every
day that the italian people are anything
but pleased with this war and that IN
event of a serious setback on whatever
front the italians are fighting, major
upset is inevitable in that country.
Italy has been at war since 1888. She
has suffered substantial losses in men
and money. Ethiopia has been conquered
but, for the time being, it is nothing but
liability.
The Spanish civil war has cost Italy q
large sum of money and many OF her
young men. It has brought nothing to
the country. When, after the collapse
OF France, Il Duce endeavored to have
common frontier with Spain by the oc-
cupatlon of Marseilles, the Fuehrer re-
FUSED to acquiesce in the italian demands
unoer the pretext it would embitter the
french people too much and would
make collaboration with the French in
tne colonies impossible Finally, when
Srazani could make no further headway
Evening star., 1940-11-17

British bombers, in accordance with the
master plan" announced some weeks
military objectives in Germany. London,
for its part enjoyed no surcease from
air battle, and on Friday suffered one
of the most severe raids of the war
Massed German bombers attacked Cow
entry, an important industrial city 95
miles northwest of London. In the ruins
of the city a thousand persons lay dead
or wounded
Another name-Jervis Bay-was in
scribed last week on the roll of immortals
of His Majesty's Navy. Some three
score survivors of the armed mer-
Evening star., 1940-11-17

squadron off the port OF Valona in Al
bania. The Admiralty claimed that Brit
ish warships sank one Italian supply
ship. set fire to two others and damaged
a fourth. The success of this operation
seems to presage other thrusts by the
British fleet against Italy's lines of COM
mumication in the Mediterranean.
Elsewhere in the Mediterranean area,
the British were active last week. The
Royal Air Force con-
Action tinued its raids on italian
In Africo industrial centers, naval
bases and the embarka-
ton points through which II Duce is
sending reinforcements to his armies in
Albania Supported by its air arm, the
British feet harassed Italian communi-
cations with Africa. In a submarine at
tack on an italian convoy, the Admiralty
claimed the sinking Of one ship and the
inficting of serious damage on another
vessel. The fall of Libreville, chief port
of Gabon. in French Equatorial Africa,
to the Free French" forces of Gen.
Charles de Gaulle, was reported by the
Vichy government Since De Gaulle is
seeking the restoration of free France,
the capture of Libreville is another gain
for the British.
Encouraged by their initial victories.
the Greeks launched a counter-offensive
last week at several points on their
mountain front. Athens reported that
Greek forces had driven new salient
into the sagging Italian battle lines
along the Albanian frontier, and that
Italian communications at many places
were seriously threatened. On Friday,
the Greek high command claimed the
destruction of two Italian divisions.
Though a small British force has landed
on the Greek mainland. it is through the
air, and the pressure of the British fleet
on Italy's battered sea power, that Brit
Evening star., 1940-11-17
Mediterranean Front
The meteor flag of England
Shall yet terrific burn;
Till dangers troubled night dep

The meteor flag of England
Shall yet terrific burn;
Till dangers troubled night depart
And the star Of peace return.
In the light of last weeks develop
ments in the Mediterranean, many Eng
hshmen no doubt found
Toronto new meaning in these
Bonbed words of Thomas Camp
bell cheering House of
Commons greeted the announcement by
Prime Minister Churchill of the success
full attack on major units of the Italian
fleet, "snuggled behind their shore de-
fenses in their main base at Taranto"
Catapulted from airplane carriers, Brit
ish naval bombers, using aerial tor
pedoes, seriously damaged three battle
ships, Churchill revealed, leaving the
italian Navy with only three effective
capital ships The British Admiralty
claimed that two cruisers and several
auxiliaries we're also damaged. In the
boldness of its conception, and in the
daring of its execution, the raid on
Taranto proved that the spirit of Nelson
and Drake still lives on in the British
Navy of 1910.
"The result. while affecting deCiSively
the balance of naval power in the Medi-
terranean. also carries with it reactions
upon the naval situation in every quarter
of the globe Churchill told the Com
mons. The attack on Taranto boosted
British prestige, and may make possible
the release of some ships of the Medi-
terranean feet for duty in the Atlantic,
to guard Britain's life lines, and in the
Far East, to reinforce the weak British
souadrons based on Singapore.
Important, too as evidence of Britain's
new offensive tactics was the intercept
ton of a four-ship convoy by a British
Evening star., 1940-11-17
Battle of Britain

On Armistice Day, British fighter
planes shot down 26 axis raiders. 13 Ital-
ian and 13 German. The Ministry Of
Information admitted the loss of only
two British fighters. The Italian planes
downed-siX fighters and seven bombers-
were the first bagged in the air war over
Britain. Again taking the offensive, the
R. A. F. raided Danzig, in the longest
bombing flight so far attempted. In
addition to attacks on Italian bases,
Evening star., 1940-11-17
The Far East

On Thursday, military authorities in
Shanghai announced that the Japanese
Army had completed its withdrawal from
Kwangsi Province and Southwestern
Kwangtung Province, thus bringing to
an end one of the least successful chap
ters in Japans long war against China.
A spokesmen for the War Office denied
that the withdrawal was curtain-raiser
to a wholesale evacuation of South
China. Though disease, and the losses
inflicted by the Chinese foe are believed
to have been important factors in the
decision of the japanese high command
to withdraw it's military forces from this
area observers saw another reason for
the withdrawal equally important name
ly Japans desire to concentrate large
force for a possible drive against French
Indo-China. thus isolating BritainS base
at Singapore.
Following the attack on the italian
feet at Taranto the British government
announced the appoint
British ment of an air marshal,
GoEost Sir Robert BrookePop-
ham, as British COM
mander in chief in the Far East, with
headquarters at Singapore. London OBJ
servers predicted that the Admiralty
will lose little time in sending additional
naval units to the Far East Reinforce
ments for British military garrisons, 1t
was disclosed, have already reached the
Orient.
Under an agreement concluded last
week. Japan will increase her annual oil
imports from the Netherlands Indies
from 494OO0 to 100000 tons. Japan
has long been seeking greater share
of the output of Dutch East Indian wells,
in order to lessen her dependence on
British and American sources of supply.
Evening star., 1940-11-17
Rumonion
Earthquake

rich oil fields, to which the Nazis now
look for a large part of the oil needed
for their air forces, mechanical armies
and their industries Later reports from
Bucharest indicate that the earthquake
will not affect the output of the Ru-
manian oil fields. On Thursday, Ru-
manian Premier Ion Antonescu arrived
Evening star., 1940-11-17

as the best indication that Japan
begins to be worried about the turn of
world events and has no longer the same
blind confidence in the final victory of
the axis.
Evening star., 1940-11-17

The agreement just announced will 20
a long way toward freeing Japan from
this dependence.
Evening star., 1940-11-17
Home Front

The era of democracy cannot be
"snuffed out" in our lifetime, President
Roosevelt declared in his Armistice Day
address at the Tomb of the Unknown
Soldier in Arlington National Cemetery.
Il do not believe that the world will
revert either to modern form Of ancient
slavery, or to controls vested in modern
feudaliSm, or modern emperors, or mod
ern dictatorS, or modern oligarchs in
these days" he said in his first public
address since his reelection to a third
term. THE very people under their iron
heels will themselves rebel"
Though the President is confident that
democracy will survive, Joseph P. Ken
nedy, Ambassador to the
kennedy's Court of st. James, took a
Interview gloomyayiew of the out
look in Great Britain. In
an interview appearing in a Boston
newspaper. Mr.. Kennedy was quoted as
saying that democracy is finished in
England" and that national socialism
would be the result" In a statement
issued in New York on Monday, Mr..
Kennedy asserted that the interviewer
had given the wrong impression, and
that much of the conversation upon
which the newspaper article was based
had been "off the record" Appealing
for all possible material aid to Britain,
the Ambassador, in his interview, urged
the American people to speed rearma-
ment and keep out of the European war.
Tn oII
Wendell L. Willkie rejected as ''totali-
tartan idea" the suggestion that the
minority surrender its convictions" and
join the majority for the sake of a
united front "A vital element in the
balanced operation of democracy is a
strong, alert and watchful opposition"
Mr.. Willkie declared That is our task
for the next four years. We must con-
stitute ourselves a vigorous, loyal and
public-spirited opposition party"
As part of its aid-for- Britain program,
administration officials revealed that the
Royal Air Force will receive before the
end of the year 40 of the Army's long
range bombers. 1t was reported also
that bombsightS of a long jealousy
guarded pattern may soon be made avail
able to the British.
With the arrival of an Air Corps mis-
sion at Cairo, the ranks of United States
military observers
Diplomacy with British forces in
In Neor East the Near East we're
further increased. In
addition to the new mission. there are
military attaches in Greece and Turkey,
a naval attache in Turkey and a naval
observer with the British Mediterranean
fleet.
The Capital mourned last week the
passing Of Senator Key Pittman Of
Nevada, chairman of the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee, who had just been
elected to his sixth consecutive term in
the Senate bitter critic of aggressor
nations, Senator Pittman was leading
congressional advocate of a strong Amer
ican stand in international affairs.
On Wednesday, Representative Dies
announced that the House Committee
on Un-American Activities will launch
an investigation shortly into the activi-
ties of German and Italian consuls in
the United States.
Evening star., 1940-11-17

h trOe OF yto 5
h oing c@ @ o b
b HdhL h e is ing 0 Huih
Russ n h
a he Hynrghth tho % aScsHt from
ZUb OF th he T to ar
z
u A p
Evening star., 1940-11-17

in Rome for conferences with II Duce
and other Fascist officials.
Evening star., 1940-11-17

killed thousands of
persons in Rumania
and caused substantial
damage to Rumania S
Evening star., 1940-11-17

ain is chiefly carrying out her pledge to
give every possible assistance to Greece.
An earthquake, said to be the heaviest
Evening star., 1940-11-17

announced the appoint
ment of an air marshal,
Sir Robert Brooke Pop
ham. as British COM
Evening star., 1940-11-17

m ilitary observers
with British forces in
the Near East we're
further increased. In
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