davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Milford chronicle., 1940-11-22

truck, going north, was operated by
Charles Mangold Of Boothwyn, Pa
According to the officers. the right
rear wheel of the truck ran OF the
road, causing it to skid directly IA
frcnt of the on-coming automobile
Mangold was arrested on three
charges Of manslaughter. At hear
ing before Magistrate Henry E.
Snavely Of New Castle he was held
uI der $4,000 bail for the Court Of
General Sessions.
The accident was also investigated
by Deputy Coroner Robert Jones of
Newark.
A 23-year-old youth and a young
woman were killed and two other
persons injured in an automobile
mishap near Galena, Nd, last satur-
day night while returning to VIII
from the University OF
Delaware Washington College foot
tall game at Chestertown. Nd.
Eleven automobile accidents In
and near the city of Wilmington
during the weekend resulted in in
juries to rs persons and caused dam
age estimated at over 81 500.
The two killed last Saturday were
John ]. Feeney, % years old Of 401
West Twentieth street. Wilmington,
and Miss Marjorie Way Sweetman,
y years old, Of 611 West Twenty
eth street, Wilmington.
lTum 70 Page ; PleaseI
Milford chronicle., 1940-11-22

Three persons were killed late last
Thursday afternoon and two others
injured when the automobile in
which they were riding collided head
on with a dump truck, loaded with
sand near the Middletown School in
Middletown.
The dead:
Mrs. Lille Williams. SO years old.
of Clayton. who died of a head in
Jury while enroute to the Delaware
Hospital in the Good Will Fire Com
raDy ambulance of New Castle.
Arlington Williams, her husband
who suffered a pierced iuguIar vein.
William Postles. II years old,
nephew, killed instantly. His neck
was broken.
The injured:
Arlington Williams, Jr. rs years
old, of 500 North Franklin street,
Wilmington, q son of the dead couple.
lie is in the Delaware Hospital suf-
fcring numerous decorations Of the
face.
Alfred Williams, 25 years old. Of
no relation. who is in the
tame hospital suffering decorations
rf face and possible fractured ribs.
Mrs. Williams Driving
Privates Claude Beswick and
Smith of the state police
who investigated the accident, said
The car, travelling south, was driven
BY Mrs. Williams. They said the
Milford chronicle., 1940-11-22

MOTHERS TO
VISIT SCHOOLS
G ms Modern
Plant And Old Milford
School On Tour List.
IN DRIVE FOR SCHOOL
Milford C. Of C. And
School Board Providing
Trip And Luncheon.
IN DRIVE FOR SCHOOL

The Milford Chamber Of Com
merce and local board Of education
Will be luncheon hosts to the mothers
OF elementary and pre-school age
children at the Milford Elementary
School building on a day to be set
later, IN the first week in Decem-
Der.
The luncheon will be served
promptly at noon and will be preced-
ed by a bus trip to the Georgetown
Elementary School building, start
ing at the Milford Elementary
School building at nine o'clock and
erding there at noon. This trip,
sponsored directly by the Chamber
OF Commerce and the school board,
IN cooperation with all Milford civic
organizations. is being undertaken
to enable the mothers Of this COM
munity to realize the difference be-
tween a modern school plant like the
one at Georgetown, and the anti
quated structure housing the ele-
mentary grades in Milford.
Every mother who might be inter-
ested in securing a new elementary
school building for Milford's young
children Is cordially invited and
urged to make the trip, and letters
are being prepared and will be sent
cut within the next few days, con-
tanning the Invitation and explaining
the project in detail. However, If any
enc is missed in sending out the let
ters. the committee through the med
ium of this paper. urges all mothers
10 be sure to attend and to advise
their friends and neighbOrs to at
lend.
The committee will deeply appre-
,iSte any suggestions that may be
offered them and any cooperation, |
10Th in spreading the news. and en-
one another to 60 Those |
Who do not have a way into Milford 1
o meet the buses, II they will get
n fouet with the school they will |
e ffJviaed with transportation
Milford chronicle., 1940-11-22
1000 PEOPLE SERVED
AT HOUSTON SUPPER
Annual Affair Sponsored By Fire
Fighters Is Huge Success

Houston, town of less than three
hundred inhabitants, located about
I've miles west of Milford, has one
Of the most wide-awake volunteer
fire companies in lower Delaware.
Thursday and Friday evenings,
November IA and is, the firemen.
assisted by their ladies' auxiliary.
served a real old-fashioned country
supper to 1000 people in the dining
loom OF their new modern fire hall
and community building At a meet
ing held on Monday evening, the f.
nance committee reported that the
company would clear, after the de-
ductions Of expenses, close to $3.50.
This money will be used to help pay
on the building indebtedness and
procure new equipment.
The officers Of this up-to-the-min-
ute Nlittle company, which boasts of
having two fine motorized units, are
President. Emory Webb; vice presi-
dent, Emmett Harrington, Jr.; trea-
surer. J. Benton Counstlman, and
secretary, Francis G. Simpson.
Milford chronicle., 1940-11-22
Al Aliens Must Be Registered
By Thursday December 20, 1910

Earl G. Harrison, Director Of
Alien Registration of the Depart
ment, suggests that those aliens who
have not yet registered do so as soon
as possible and avoid the Christmas
rusn at the post Offices.
All aliens are also warned that,
having registered, they are required
to report any change in their per-
manent residence address within FIVE
days 70 the immigration and Natur-
alization Service of the Department
of Justice in Washington. Forms for
this purpose are obtainable at all
POST ollices.
No alien need be unprepared for
the questions he will be asked. Sam
pie registration forms which show
him exactly what information he will
need at registration are available In
all post ofElces.
Milford chronicle., 1940-11-22
GOV. ELECT BACON
NAMES WILEY
&CTY. OF STATE
Appointment VIII Go Be
fore Senate In January,
AppOintee Well Known.
GREENWOOD NATIVE.

Former Judge Earle ID. Wiley OF
Dover win be appointed secretary OF
state under the new Republican ad-
Iainistration which will take Office on
Tuesday. January 81. II was annOun-
.ced on Tuesday by GOvernor-elecf
Walter w. Bacon.
Bacon said WiIley's name will be
sent to the State Senate for eonfir-
nation as one Of his first diities npan
taking Office.
Judge Wiley lost the lieutenant-
goYernorship TO DR.. Isaac ]. Mac
Collum, Democrat, by 656 votes at
the general election on November 5.
He will succeed Josiah Marvel, Jr.,
chairman Of the Democratic State
Committee as secretary OF state.
Wiley was born in Greenwood,
on July q, 1888. the son of the late
J. T. and Fannie A. Wiley. After
from Greenwood High
School he entered Dickinson College
and was graduated IN 1911. From
the fall Of 1911 until the summer OF
1a15 he was principal of the Green
wood High School.
While secretary to former U. S.
Thomas W. Miller,
he studied law for about a year at
ieorge Washington University, at
and completed his law
studies under the preceptorship of
lie late Henry R. Johnson in Dover.
He was admitted to the Kent County
Par Association In 1920.
fTllm 20 Page ., Pieasel
Milford chronicle., 1940-11-22
PAUL TOWNSEND
SERIOUSLY HURT
IN AUTO MTSHAP
Senator's Son Receives
Broken Neck When Car
Overturns In Maryland.
TRAPPED IN AUTO

Paul L. Townsend, SS years old
son of U. S. Senator John G.. Town
send, Jr., Of Delaware, suffered a
broken neck Tuesday at p. m. when
his automobile overturned on a dirt
road about six miles south of Snow
Hill, Md.
At Peninsula General Hospital, in
Salisbury. his condition was said to
be serious. but improved since he
was admitted. He was resting fair
ly we'll"
Two specialists, DR.. Charles Bag
ley Of Baltimore and a DR.. Hall Of
Washington went to Salisbury Tues
day night to consult with Mr.. Town
sends physician. DR.. r. M. Mock Of
Salisbury.
Mr. Townsend. who is secretary
to his father, was on his way from
his Washington. D. c., home to hfs
hunting lodge at Scott's Landing on
Chincoteague Bay. He was alone in
his auto, and according to a wit
ness, was trapped in it when the
vehicle struck the dirt shoulder of
the road and turned over.
Removed By A Farmer
Wallace Carmean, a farmer who |
saw the accident, extricated Mr.. |
Townsend from the wreck, and took !
him in his truck to Snow Hill.
DR.. John L. Riley treated Mr..
Townsend while he lay in the truck,
waiting for an ambulance frosl the
SALISBURY hospital, Is miles away.
ITun to Page s. Pleased
Milford chronicle., 1940-11-22

play. game, or dance are also sab
iect to a fine Of four dollars each.
Accordingly you have the power not
only to arrest the proprietor but also
the PARTICIPANT"
Enforcement In the past has been
directed at proprietors only.
i respectfully suggest that your
department take the necessary steps
to prevent the continued violation
Of the Sunday statute" the attorneys
general stated.
Explaining that 1t is not the duty
of his office to police the state. Mr..
Mortord said it is the duty Of l1is
Office. however, to bring known YiO-
laticns TO the attention Of the police.
Police said no action had been
taken by them on Mr.. MOrford's let
tor but none OF the 14-odd bowling
alleys in the state were open.
A roller skating rink was open last
Sunday night on the DUPONT BouIe-
vard, near the state police headquar-
fTuEn % Paga 2. Pisassl
Milford chronicle., 1940-11-22
WILL PRESENT
MOTOR TAX BILLS
TO LEGISLATURE
Measures TO Earmark
Fourth OF Fuel Levy To
Towns Supported.
FOR STREET REPAIRS
General Assembly To Be
Asked For Charters By
Newark And SeafOrd.

Two bills concerning municipali-
ties IN the state, lost In the rush oi
legislation at the General Assembly
last year, are being revised for pre-
ssntation at the outset OF the 10sth
session in January, proponents indi-
Gated last Saturday.
One-fourth Of the returns from
motor vehicle fuel tax collected in
each municipality and within q mile
Of the limits Of each Incorporated
city and town will be returned to
each municipal government for
street building and maintenance
under measure originated by Coun-
Gilman G. Emerson Johnson Of New
ark.
The bill, drawn by Mr.. johnson
and Mayor Frank Collins Of the uni
versity town, was introduced In the
House by Rep. Fred w. Pepper,
mayor Of Milton. It was reported
fayorably by the House committee
on revised statutes. but never came
up for a vote.
Three State Highways
I'VE have about 1S miles Of inn
proved streets in Newark said MIR.
johnson explaining the bill Satur-
day, (which include three state high
ways that 90 through the town.
We are particularly proud OF our
streets and spend a great deal OF
money to maintain them in good
STYLE"
While the State Highway Depart
ment is responsible for maintaining
and building its thoroughfares
through municipalities, Newark's
town council always has insisted
upon complete control Of street work
10 the town, It was pointed out.
This attitude was taken 70 avoid
delays in making repairs. it was ex-
planned.
We don't want 10 be IN the posi- |
tiOn Of having to wait for the spirit
q nlees b highway department to8
fix our streets said Mr.. Johnson.
When repairs are needed, we make /
them at once. We still want 70 do
this. but It Is about time we were
getting a portion Of the money COLI
Iected in the vicinity from motor We
hicle fuel taxes TO help defray ex-
penses," he added.
The original bill presented at the
General Assembly last year limited
T'4urn % Pngo , PlsAnsl
Milford chronicle., 1940-11-22
JOHN WILLIAMS IS HOST
TO FOOTBALL SQUAD
Victorious Grid Stars Entertained At
Houston Supper

The members Of the victorious
Milford High School football team
were entertained at dinner, last Fri
day evening, by John Williams, Mil
ford insurance man and sports en-
thusiast. The dinner was served at
the Houston fire hall, as part of the
regular Firemen's Supper in that
community. Those present and en-
ioying Mr.. williams Hospitality,
were:
Doug Lynch. Horace Wiley, Harry
Derrickson. Richard KINNEY, Bill
Williams, Willard Tease, Herman
McNatt. Ray Sparklin. Dick James,
Hummel Sapp, Frank Timmons,
Robert Walls. Bill Denny, Henry
Holland, Ralph Hall, Bill Walls,
Jack Waples, Walter Swain, Tom
Faix. Lloyd Elton, Frank Elton,
Charles Bredon, Bob Maxwell, Ed.
Bill Pesrce, John Geyer,
Watson Hall, Roy Manlove, Dolphus
wilkins, George Lindenkohl, Edgar
r. =. Shilling, Supt-;
=. Briggs, coach; Robert
4, Yerkes, managing editor Milford |
Chronicle.
Milford chronicle., 1940-11-22

Alien registration will end on De-
cember 26 and all non-citizens who
have not yet registered are warned
that severe penalties will follow fall
ure to comply with this federal law.
All aliens, IA years of age and old
er. must register in person and be
fngerprlnted.
Alien children, under IA years Of
age must be registered by their par
ents or guardians.
Registration takes place at the
post Offices.
There is no charge Of any kind
connected with alien registration.
The Department of Justice warns
aliens 10 beware Of racketeers.
-'he Post Olice Department and
the Department Of Justice will will
lagly assist the alien in every poss-
lble way.
Milford chronicle., 1940-11-22
MOVE IS AFOOT TO
WIDEN WALNUT ST.
Business HOuses Found willing 10
Give Foot OF Sidewalk

There Is an agitation IN Milford to
straighten and widen Walnut street.
between South Front and North
Frcnt street The street In this sec
ton in many places Is narrow. and
the curb line crooked.
II has been suggested that II the
property owners on each side Of the
street would donate about one foot
Of their sidewalks, II woald graatly
improve the section. making q wider
street and permitting the curb line
to be Strengthened.
In places, the street is now so
Lrurn % Pass ?, Plsassl
Milford chronicle., 1940-11-22
XMAS TOY MOVIE AT
PLAZA NOVEMBER u
All Grade School Klddies Admitted
On Receipt OF Toy

Through the courtesy of the
Schine Theatre Circuit. and local
Schine Theatre Manager Mayor Ed
ward c. Evans, the annual toy mo-
VIC will be held next Wednesday
morning at nine O'Clock. All grade
children in Milford schools will be
admitted free to the show upon pre-
sentation of a toy at the box office.
These toys will later be repaired and
rspainted by the members of the
manual training classes of Milford
Junior-Senior High School under
the direction OF the instructor. John
T MCGEE. They will then be turned
over to the various civic organiza-
rTurn 10 Page 6. Pleasel
Milford chronicle., 1940-11-22
DEFENSE PROGRAM TO
Be AIDED BY SCHOOLS
Plan For Active Youth Participation
To Be Outlined

Delaware schools will participate
In q new national defense program.
In cooperation with the National
Youth Administration. II was decided
at a meeting Of the Statn Board of
Education last Friday.
The details Of the plan will be
formulated by R. w. Helm, director
OF vocational education. and A. B.
Anderson. supervisor of trades and
Industries. subject to the approval
Of Or. H. " Holloway, superinten-
dent Of public instruction The pro-
gram viii be especially for those pu-
pills outside the schools OF special
training
A plan submitted by DR.. HolIo-
way apportioning the s25, 900 spe-
grun 70 rage ,, Plsasel
Milford chronicle., 1940-11-22
BODY TO PLAN
JOBLESS NEGRO HELP
Permanent Board VIII Be Set Up As
OutgrOWth OF UCC Discussion

A permanent board to seek solu-
ton Of negro employment problems
will be formed in Delaware. DR..
Charles NJ. Wharton, executive
director of the Delaware State I'm
employment Compensation Com
mission and chairman of a confer
ence on jobs for negroes, announced
recently following a meeting which
was held in Wilmington.
Members Of the conference plan
ming and findings committee, with
the addition Of Don Harris, C. l. o.
regional director, will act as the
permanent board.
Unskflled Jobs Sought
Education was proposed as the
answer TO the Iegro's en-
pioyment problem by most speakers
at the conference.
(ram to Page 5. Pleased
Milford chronicle., 1940-11-22
TO PROLONG LIFE
OF STATES PAPERS
Machine Installed By Archives Com.
mission To Preserve Documents

A Illuminating machine to preserve
ancient documents now in the files
OF the Archives Commission in the
Hall of Records in Dover has re-
Gently been installed by its inven-
tor. w. ]. Barrow of Richmond. Va.
Through the process of lamina-
tion fragile papers ranging from
governors messages to wills, deeds,
and tax records are being preserved.
The installation of the machine was
announced by Dr. George H. Ryden.
state archiyist Two-thirds of the
cost was borne by the state. the re-
EIainder by the Historical Society Of
Delaware from subscriptions by its
ITurn 4 Page }. PieassI
Milford chronicle., 1940-11-22
40 066 $50

Wendell L. Willkie. on the basis
OF the votes already tabulated, poled
a larger vote than any previous Re
publican candidate.
President RoOsevelt's vote thus far
compared with an official final count
OF 27.476,673 in 1886.
Milford chronicle., 1940-11-22
OFFICIAL VOTE COUNT
REACHES 100000
Roosevelt Under 1898 Total; WllIkie
Tops His Party Record

Counting Of votes cast in the No
tember 5 general elections is pro-
ceeding slowly in the various states.
Only half a dozen have completed
their official canvass
The total vote for President pass
ed the $4,000, O,000-mark this week,
b9sed on official eanvasses and As
sociated Press compilations. With
125.327 of the country 1877 PAS voting
units covered. the vote was as fol-
Milford chronicle., 1940-11-22
WEEKLY WEATHER
REPORT FOR MILFORD
From Wednesday, November Ia, 70
Tuesday, November 40, inclusive

Charles J. HoIzmueller, weather
recorder for Milford. reports the fol
lowing atmospheric conditions In this
vicinity from Wednesday. Novembef
IS, to Tuesday. November 10. iuclu-
sive:
Milford chronicle., 1940-11-22
8 PERSONS DIE
IN ACCIDENTS
OVER WEEK END

Mr. And Mrs. Arlington Williams, ST.. Of Clayton,
And NepheV, William POsfIes Killed Late Last
Thursday Afternoon As Result OF Collision VITA
Dump Truck Near MiddLetOUR School
Milford chronicle., 1940-11-22

John J. Feeney And Miss Marjorie SCeetmaH, Uni
UeTsity OF DeLaEOQre Students, Fatally Injured on
Saturday Night When Car In Which They We're
Riding Struck A Pole Near GGEeBa, Nd.
Milford chronicle., 1940-11-22

NOV ember is .. T'w&na
The following winds and cana3s
tons prevailed during The aar
period
Milford chronicle., 1940-11-22
Temparatnrn

Total Rainfall 1ss
Snow
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-16
Child Injured as
Two Autos Collide

Bernadine Logan. .. suffered
minor injuries when the car driven
by her father, Horace Logan, Rt.
/. box 251-B, Spanaway, was In
volved in a collision with another
machine at So. 26th and Pacific
Thursday evening.
The other car. police said. was
driven by Joseph A. Ryczek, ~,
booked by Officers Lyons and
schnugger on a technical charge
and released.
The child was taken TO Pierce
County hospital In a police ambu-
lance and treated for mouth cuts.
She was not confined In the hos
pitsL
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-16


Accompanied by Prof. Charles
T. Battin. professor Of economies
and debate coach. six dehaters
from the College of Puget Sound
will leave Saturday for Knoxville.
Tenn, and the national debate
tournament. This will be the only
representation from the state Of
Washington and the largest from
the Northwest.
At Knoxville where the Univer-
sity of Tennessee viii be host,
there will be one of the largest
debate tournaments ever held in
the United States. One hundred
and lift, -four colleges from -
states and Puerto Rico viii be
represented. Dcbaters from WASH
ington and Maine Will travel the
longest distances.
In the Tacoma representation
are the Gilstrap twins, Marie and
mh kHftt. WIN Hhfr WIN sttthh-
ton In the national debate field.
As students at Stadium high
school they won the state cham
pionship and were twice winners
in the Pacific coast tournament.
They distinguished Themselves at
the national tournament at To-
peka, Kan. two years ago and
have been doing good work at the
of Puget Sound. At Knox
Vile they will meet another pair
Of twin debaters--the kiorlis Sis
ters, of concordia, Kan. II IL pro-
posed to arrange a debate between
The two pairs of twins.
Other members Of the Tacoma
iebats squad are Barbara Heaiy,
iebate manager; Justine DeWolfe.
Dewane Lamka and Lawrence
Henderson.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-16
FUNERAL SERVICES

Henry Jefferson Harmer - Sat
urday, 1 p. m. from the Rainier
Lutheran church. Rev. Mr.. Leysn-
hagen officiating; burial Mountain
View burial park. Tacoma, under
direction Of Pip3rs.
Tile Jacobsen Saturday, .
p. m. from Pipers chapel Rev.
p. b. Hoff officiating. burial
Mountain View burial PARK.
George Briggls--Priyats services
VIII Be held Saturday At IL a. m.
from Pipers chapel. Rev. X. A
Anderson officiating. cremation
William Ganx--saturday, "a M
from 81. Peters and Paafs church:
burial Calvary cemetery under dl-
rection Of Meilinsers. rosary, FRI
day, 7 p. m. al the home. 1928
Ia s0th vt.
Andrew o. klasen ~ Saturday,
Ais p. M from Melingers chapel,
burial Mountain View burial PARK.
Peter Peters - Saturday. 5:5O
p. M. from MelAngers chapel:
burial Mountain slew burial park.
Surviving are three daughters.
Mira. Agnes McIyof. Mira. Alslna
Johnston and Mrs. Margaret Kim
ball. all Of Tacoma.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-16
L. H. Burnett
Returns Home
Finds California
Keen About City

Tacoma Is the most talked of
city on the Pacific coast, L. H.
Burnett. president, Burnett Bros.
jewellers. 924 Broadway. declared
Friday following a five weeks va
cation and business trip to Cali
fornia.
That Burnett had an enjoyable
vacation Yas the enviable sun-tan
he acquired while resting at Palm
Springs. and that the balance of
the time was spent on business.
was the duplicate order blanks he
brought back showing new mer-
ehandise ordered for spring de-
livery at the pioneer Broadway
firm.
THE eyes Of California are on
the Pacific Northwest, especially
Tacoma" Burnett related. The
Los Angeles papers. In particular,
have been playing up stories from
Tacoma telling of development of
the shipbuilding industry. con-
struction of the Narrows bridge.
enlargement of Fort Lewis and
near-completion of MeChord field.
"Many of the business men
In the south are enyious Of the
strides Tacoma has taken In
the past few years.
They also were interested IN
outcome of the ballot proposal for
creation of an Industrial district
by the port of Tacoma on the tide
flats. They realize that passage
Of the measure would mean addi-
tional industries for the city and
greater payroll.
You would be surprised how
California manufacturers and 9TH
ers have been watching activities
on Puget Sound. Many expressed
amazement at the unusual increase
in building in Tacoma.
Burnett said that one of the
things that created a better feel
ing for Tacoma among cslifornians
was the end of the quarrel over
the name of the mountain.
Reports that Tacoma may OBJ
tain an airplane plant has also
caused considerable comment IN
the south.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-16

<iiap. given ~ rsp~Ilap snxiiiAsy
II thf Americas leuion.
Friday. MseA - nuss g1Ilna~
ton and ~ dusty ttart<m - nf-
chextrn viii xtvs = special FESTIVAL
dance - ths Century eaIiFuusa.
Saturday. Masnh - 10 :. ~.
start II ~ parade n r.eumns Tn
hsnsis. 10 drum srd toxi< snFpu. -
isffodIi covered flaat& and several
marching nnita aFx scheduled 4
p. n. silver haitian nansest h pa
ness park, FusAiiap. = p ~.
opening ~ htw flew~w sDew n
hixh srhoci eysnnsnlnm N nssmner.
II Win raatiaus Sunday.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-03-16
Daiiodil Feie
Events Listed
Queen Coronation
VIII be Morch a

Events aF ms sxsxnth annual
nzffcdil Festival are Fllsnx -.
week allotted. MsrA ss-si. 4 llst
- activities folloss.
Thursday. MavA - cs.enstloa
81 Queen Msrxs ! II . eomsaa~si
service club iuncheea IL TIE eIstx
auditorium IN ruyallur. TIVE a.
PENDANTS nf the queen and ths
queens Of tire sin former festivals
will be pres~as.
saturday. March - OFFICIAL
naffoall Festival hsll At ire Hotel
Winthrop. sponsored ny Cord
club.
"Wednesday. Marh ~ Gard
party In Odd Fellows hall. rsuy-