davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1940-06-07
C. %. Course Different,
Green Charges


Unfortunately, the rebel movement
which broke away from the American
Federation of Labor in 1885 has fol-
lowed a different course. The G. |. O..
has admitted and welcomed and en-
couraged Communists. Public inves-
LEGATIONS have established beyond all
doubt the fact that Communists con-
troll many of it's unions. Some of these
unions operate in fields vital to our
national defense. Let US not under
estimate the dangers of this situation.
''In the opinion of many people, the
c.. O. sit-down strikes in 1887, ac-
companied by the illegal occupation
of private property, the seizure of en-
tire cities and mutiny on the high
seas, were a rehearsal for Com
munist revolution.
"The leader of the G. |. O. has done
nothing to dispel this opinion. He has
never lifted his voice against either
of those infamous enemies of human
ity, Hitler or Stain, nor has he ever
denounced their unholy alliance. In
stead we find him denouncing the
President of our own country and
every other responsible leader in
American life"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1940-06-07

women in the American Federation of
Labor "in the t-too-distant future" :"
President Green reported to the
delegates that the present dues-paid
membership of the A. F. of L. is the
highest in it's history and declared
the federation is stronger "numer-
ically, financially, politically and in
every other way than ever before.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1940-06-07
NEW BEER-LIQUOR PERMITS

Helen Sorg Applegate, Edgewood
and Commerce Avenues, Hamilton,
d.. Thelma Baker, 221 South Fourth
Street, Hamilton, d.. Nelson Young,
Meadowbrook Park, Venice, O., d..
Dale H. Stitzel, 583 Main Street, Ham
ilton, DIS. Van Hayes, 238 South
Fifth Street, Hamilton, D-1. Hausel-
man Transportation Company, 10
Verify Boulevard, Middletown, O., H.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1940-06-07
RAISE FOR FUNERAL WORKERS

Seattle, Wash. (ILNS).-An agree
ment between the Embalmers' Union
and Seattle funeral directors provides
for an increase of $5 week in pay
and improved working conditions. All
the funeral firms except one joined in
the agreement, which is retroactive
to April /, last.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1940-06-07
AWNING AND TENT WORKERS
WIN STRIKE IN BUFFALO, N. y

Buffalo, N. Y. GLNs). - Strikes
conducted by Upholsterers, Furniture,
Bedding, Awning and Tent Union, Lo-
cal No. 7, against five Buffalo awning
and tent firms have resulted in settle
ments granting wage increases and
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1940-06-07

other concessions to the workers. The
firms also agreed to use the union
label on all products manufactured.
Another firm also signed with the
union, although no strike was called.
The union is now pushing campaign
to organize the entire awning indus
try in Buffalo and vicinity.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1940-06-07

The man who is utterly Indifferent
to the feelings of others may kid him.
self into believing this is stoicism, but
the world at large is not so easily
fooled and looks beneath the label to
find the facon filled with plain, old
fashioned selfishness.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1940-06-07
20 Million Members In
A. f. L., Green Predicts

Hartford, Comm a stirring ap-
peal for renewed drive to organize
the unorganized, President William
Green told the New England Confer
ence he envisions membership of
twenty million working men and
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1940-06-07

foot injury, suffered two weeks ago
while assisting in some work at the
Camden saw mill. A cant hook slipped
and struck Mr.. Dunlap on the right
foot.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1940-06-07
CHARLES DUNLAP RECOVERING

The many Hamilton friends of
Charles Dunlap, well-known Camden,
Ohio, citizen, will be pleased to hear
that he is recovering from a painful
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1940-06-07

A LKA.SELTZER is unusually
~ effective In the relief OF Head
ache because its analgesic
(painrelieving contenD Is made
more positive by alkaline buffers.
Alka-Seltzer being o combination
OF painrelieving and alkalizing in
aredients has gained wide usage
and popularity for the relief OF
Acid Indigestion. Cold Symptoms,
~Mornlng After" misery and Mus
euIar Pains And be sure to try
Alka-Seltzer for that tired feeling
following hard work or strenuous
exercise.
~. .,>,.~ <l~s,0o;ef
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1940-06-07
PLEA FOR UNITY in
LABOR HEARD BY
UNION DELEGATES
Communist Party Should Be Outlawed
Is Declaration of Speaker.

New York City (ILNS) Pleas for
labor unity and for militant opposi-
tion to Communists and other enemies
of democracy were made before dele
vention of the International Ladies'
Garment Workers Union, as the con-
vention began it's first weeks work at
Carnegie Hall.
Alex Rose, state executive secretary
of the American Labor Party told the
convention that the Communist party
should be outlawed
Rose declared that the Communists
in this country were acting as para
chute troops" for Adolf Hitler and
that they must be stopped from Gear
rying on activities which are inimical
to the interests of the labor movement
as we'll as our nation"
He put the Communist party ''as it
functions today" in the same class
with the German-American Bund and
"other subversive movements which
under a mistaken Interpretation of our
Bill of Rights have. gone unchecked
in their sinister efforts to destroy our
Constitution, our civil liberty rights
and our democracy"
Segregation" of Foes Urged
Taking issue with the theory that
democracy entailed tolerance Of dis
ruptive forces, Rose said;
"When we see what is happening in
the world today, think that the weak
est point of the democratic front was
not in Sedan on the Little Maginot
Line, but in this false conception of
abstract democracy which was fully
ridiculed, yet exploited by the dicta-
torial elements.
81 say that the first effort to recon
struct and strengthen the democratic
front in the entire world is to segre-
gate the enemies from within who are
betraying US. Democracy must once
and for all shake off gullibility."
He explained later that his plea for
segregation was not intended as a sug-
gestion that Communists be confined
to concentration camps but simply
that they be identified" for all to
know
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1940-06-07
Labor Peace Advocated

Mayor La Guardia, another speaker,
called upon organized labor to drive
racketeers from its ranks. He praised
David Dubinsky, president of the In
ternational Ladies' Garment Workers
Union for his insistence on clean
unionism and assured all workers that
they did not need the protection of
gangsters as long as they stayed
within the law.
The mayor renewed his plea for
unity between the American Fedora
tion of Labor and the Congress of In
dustrial Organizations, but said he did
not "blame" the garment workers for
their hesitancy about abandoning the
independent status of their own union.
Appeals for unity in the labor
movement were also laid before the
delegates by DR.. John P. Boland, chair
man of the State Labor Relations
Board; Miss Rose Schneiderman, sec
retary of the State Labor Department,
and Morris Feinstone, secretary of the
United Hebrew Trades, an affiliate of
the American Federation of Labor.
Evening star., 1940-10-11
Georgetown Without Meeting Waynebmg Tonight
Sports Program
For Local Fans
TODAY.
Football.

Waynesburg VS.. Georgetown,
Grifnth Stadium, 8.
Western at Roosevelt tseries),
$3.50.
Woodrow Wilson at Anacostia
(series), $3.50.
Petersburg (Va) High vs..
George Washington High, Alex
andria, 8.
Fairfax High VS.. Warrenton
High, Warrenton, Va, $3.50.
Tech VS.. York High, York, Pa.
(night).
Washington-Lee High VS.. James
Monroe, Fredericksburg, Va.
Georgetown Prep VS.. Charlotte
Hall, Charlotte Hall, Md.
Georgetown Freshmen VS.. Tenn
pie Freshmen, Philadelphia.
st. Adams VS.. Boys Latin, Bal
timore.
TOMORROW.
Football.
Virginia VS.. Maryland, College
Park, 2:30.
Dickinson Seminary VS.. Mary
land Frosh, College Park, 10 am.
George Washington VS.. WASH
ington and Lee, Lexington. Va.
Catholic University VS.. st. Ans
elm's, Manchester, N. H.
Shaw at Howard, 2:30.
st. Christopher VS.. Episcopal,
Alexandria, 2:30.
Dewitt VS.. Harrisburg Military
Academy, Harrisburg, Pa.
Landon VS.. St. James, Hagers-
town, Md.
Evening star., 1940-10-11

It's taken a bit Of doing, but school,
boy football followers are beginning
to realize that Eastern again is
strong. After two earlier games in
which the Lincoln Parkers displayed
fair ability they dispelled all doubts
of their worth last night by defeat
ing Centrals Vikings. pre-game
choices. 1916.
This gives Eastern a big edge In
the race and makes it a gilt-edge
choice to repeat as East division
champion. 1t now boasts two vic
tories while Roosevelt and Central.
the only other schools in action SO
far, both have defeat. About 5000
persons turned out for the first night
high school championship game in
history here and indications are that
nocturnal clashes will become ex-
tremely popular with scholastic fans.
Parkers Likely TO Improve.
The Lincoln Parkers figure to be
even better. Duke Coppage, line
plunging scourge Of Eastern op-
ponents so far. and Gilly Eslin, .
small, slippery back extremely adept
in catching passes, were out with
injuries. When they return next
week their team will be a lot more
difficult to stop.
From the way they played last
night. especially in the first half.
the Central boys apparently had
seen Eastern against Roosevelt and
were expecting a pushover. On the
other hand the Parkers moved in as
though they had never heard OF
Central's vaunted passing and run
ming attack. They caught the enemy
mapping and before the Vikings
could be-reorganized by Coach Hardy
Pearce during intermission Eastern
was in front, 14-0.
Bob Adams was unveiled as still
another Eastern threat when he
picked up yardage in chunks OF 5
or better through the left side OF
Centrals line where early IN the
game Quarterback Moe Schulman
of Eastern discovered q weakness.
Almost before the Vikings had time
to put their hands on the ball Adams
combined his bucking with passing
by Eddie league for q touchdown,
climaxing a 55-yard drive with .
16-yard tour around right end.
Schulman's Long Pass Scores.
The next Eastern score came In
the second quarter when Schulman
Evening star., 1940-10-11
Terp Homecoming
Card 7 omorroW

An all-day program has been
arranged for the University Of
Maryland's homecoming at Col
lege Park tomorrow. as follows:
9:00-Alumni registration.
10:0O1Footbau, Maryland Frosh
vs.. Dickinson Seminary.
11::30- Cross-country, Mary
land VS.. Virginia varsity and
frosh.
Noon-Tug O war, sophs vs..
frosh.
12:3O-"M" Club luncheon.
2:30-Varsity football, Mary
land VS.. Virginia.
$3.50 (between halves)-Float
parade.
$50 Alumni mixer and buffet
supper.
9:00-Homecoming dance.
Evening star., 1940-10-11
Petersburg's Chance
Al State Title Seen
In 6. W. High Fray
EIevens Bottle Tonight
In Alexandra; Two
D. G. Series Clashes

Some idea of who will win the
Virginia Glass A scholastic football
championship may be gained to-
night at Alexandria when George
Washington High plays host to
strong eleven from Petersburg High.
Game time is 8 pm.
From early-season results the
title race appears to be between
Petersburg and Newport News The
Presidents, although they have a
much better team than the one
which won only two games last
year, appear out Of the race.
Last week Newport News defeated
G. w.. 1912, and comparisons will
be drawn between that and tonight's
score in picking a favorite for next
weeks game in which the two lead
ers clash.
Headlining today's schoolboy foot
ball card were two games scheduled
in the public high championship
series, Western at Roosevelt and
Wilson at Anacostia. Six other
games were listed. all out of town.
Tech plays tonight at York. Pa:
Westinghouse was to travel to
Fredericksburg, Georgetown Prep
had its season opener scheduled at
Charlotte Hall, st. Adams was in
Baltimore to meet Boys Latin,
Woodward School also was in Balti-
more to play Franklin Day School
and Fairfax had game pro-
grammed at Warrenton.
On tomorrow'S schedule is st.
Christopher of Richmond playing
Episcopal at Alexandria. Dewitt will
travel to Pennsylvania to play Har-
risburg Military and Landon meets
st. James at Hagerstown.
Evening star., 1940-10-11
Georgia Tech Danger to Irish;
Michigan, Fordhom, S. M. H.,
7rojuns, G. w. Given Edge

Arkansas-Baylor-The coin spins
and says Baylor.
Rice-Louisiana State-The Owl
and the Tiger. One doubtful, blink
ing vote for Rice.
California = Washington State
California seems to have rebounded
we'll from the Michigan debacle.
Still, Washington State.
Oregon Washington - Must take
Washington.
Boston College Temple IT h e
Eagles have the stun. Boston Col
lege.
-Yale-Ditto Penn but this
one might be awfully close.
Princeton Navy - Close enough
probably but Dave Allerdice's pass
ing might provide the winning mar
gin. Princeton.
Dartmouth Columbia-Both un-
known quantities so far although
Dartmouth's defeat by Franklin and
Marshall might indicate the Indians
are in for tough season. Pos
sibly they are but it's in a timid
mood that this vote is cast for Co.
lumbia.
Brown -Colgate-Taking Colgate.
Holy Cross-Carnegie Tech-Prob-
ably close and certainly grueling.
Out of the hat, Carnegie Tech.
New York University-Syracuse-
N. Y. U. seems to have the shade.
Penn State-West Virginia-Even-
Stephen. Penn State.
Iowa -WisconSin-No real line on
Iowa yet so Wisconsin.
Nebraska -Indiana-A tough one.
Still, Nebraska.
Purdue Over Michigan State.
Michigan State-Purdue-Purdue
but the Boilermakers had better
watch Michigan States passers.
Auburn Mississippi State-Very
little to choose, it would seem. Au-
burn.
Georgia Mississippi - Georgia's
coming fast, but the bulldogs are
pretty young. On the toss Of q
coin, Mississippi.
Vanderbilt Kentucky-Kentucky
really is strong and rates the call.
Maryland Virginia-Looks safe
for Virginia.
Citadel-Furman-Sheer guessing,
Furman.
Davidson-Virginia Military-Tak-
ing v. M. I.
William and Mary-Virginia Tech
-Eenie, meenie William and
Mary.
Washington and Lee George
Washington-George Washington.
Kansas State-M -Missouri-Missouri
gets the nod.
Kansas-Drake-M May regret it but
taking Drake.
Marquette Iowa State-Marquette.
Observation-Disclosures.
Colorado Utah Colorado.
Denver Colorado State-Denver
appears good.
tah-Arizona-Utah.
Brigham Young -Wyoming-Brig.
ham Young.
Evening star., 1940-10-11
Yellow Jackets
Hoping 10 Give
Hoyas Battle
Hoeerty Not to Spare
His Regulars Until
Tilt Is in Hand
By LEWIS F. ATCHISON.


Georgetown's Hoyas and Saxas
will gang up on little Waynesburg
College tonight at Grimth Stadium
and are expected to emerge from
the ensuing scufiie with their third
consecutive victory Of the season.
The kickoff Is scheduled for 8
o'clock.
Unscored on In its last six games,
or since its 1913 stalemate with
Syracuse last autumn, the Hagerty
coached machine also has visions
Of extending its undefeated record
another notch to the 19-game mark
and all omens point to such an
occurrence.
Waynesburg, which arrived last
night, comes highly recommended,
but hardly with sufficient manpower
to cope with the Georgetown Jug
gernaut rated the greatest eleven
in Hilltop history. On paper the
District eleven figures to win as
it pleases The only question is
how high will the figures mount?
Cunning for Georgetown.
But the Yellow Jackets, or Wolf
pack as they sometimes are called,
are not new to the role of under
dog nor at that of upsetting widely
heralded opponents. The record
bears impressive testimony to Coach
Frank VOLTS ability to point his
men for a particular game, and
Waynesburg, according to advance
dope, is cunning for Georgetown.
Whether he has sighted the mark
accurately Is a moot question, but
it's going to take a lot of gunpowder
to blast the Hoyas off their lofty
perch.
Every team is pointing for
Georgetown this year. All want a
crack at its unsullied record put
together over two-year span
and are expected to shoot the works
week after week. Waynesburg is in
this class. It has everything to gain
and nothing to lose tonight and
is willing 70 gamble With the cubes
of fortune. A good team, able to
stand on Its own merits, it may be
somewhat tougher If 1t plays over
its head, and in that event the
Hoyas viii have to apply the pres
sure.
Hoyas Won't Be Spared.
And there's plenty of steam in
the old boilers awaiting the whistle.
Frank Dornfeld, Bill Mclaughlin,
AL Kull-sophomores who are rar-
ing to go-and the reliable senior
group-Jim (the Bulb Castiglia, Joe
McFadden, Lou Ghecas, Lou Fall
cone, Jules Koshlap and others-are
expected to supply enough driving
power to squelch the Pennsylva-
mans. Hagerty will not spare the
horses until the game is in the
bag.
Waynesburg has some ball toters
of merit who will bear watching
in Capt. Joe Lapkowicz, Johnny Ste
fanic and Bob Brooks-and they'll
be watched. Brooks Is. reported
to be the most dangerous threat
in the Jacket backfield and is a
marked man. He Is the spearhead
of Waynesburg's "Hazy kwlt"
o1ense, which features wide-open
football with more passes than have
been handed out for the game.
Evening star., 1940-10-11
Northwestern S Tilt
With Ohio State
Big Ten Gauge
Wisconsin-Iowu Tussle
Also Apt to Give Line
On Grid Title Race
By the Associated Press.

6y tuc hSSoSldtcu ficoS-
CHICAGO, Oct. 11-Another tip
of on the title complexities the
1910 football season may hold for
the Big Ten comes up tomorrow
when Ohio State meets Northwest
ern and Wisconsin goes to Iowa.
. Ohio State already has one vic
tory in its drive to second straight
championship. But Purdue, even in
losing to the Buckeyes in q 17-l4
thriller, demonstrated with its speed
and passing that it still must be
reckoned with.
Now, Northwestern. with a vet
eran backdeld and q rebuilt line,
steps into the picture in q game
alos certain to test the heavily
manned Buckeyes.
Not since 1886, the year they won
their only undisputed crown, have
the Wildcats scored against Ohio
State. However, they are confident
of correcting this dereliction at
Evanston tomorrow, in view OF last
weeks 400 rehearsal against Syr-
acuSe.
In the only other conference
game, critics expects to obtain a
more definite clue on Eddie An
derson's revised Iowa squad, the
cinderella club of last year which
opened 1910 play with 46-0 con-
quest of South Dakota.
Similarly. they expect to find an
explanation to Wisconsin's decisive
1919 triumph over Marquette last
week.
Minnesota is idle tomorrow, but
other members are in action, most
Of them bidding for intersectional
prestige.
Michigan goes to Harvard. ILL
nois entertains Southern California.
Indiana and Nebraska, which settled
for ties in two previous meetings,
try again at Lincoln.
Purdue playS at MICHIGAN State
Evening star., 1940-10-11
McKechnie's Team, at Least, Is Dead Come

thing great ball club
the being smashed down four blows by the Yankees and to
pennan nothing World
anybody noticed WIS schedule here out? Just Wash
Kentucky Virginia Wake Forest Bukne Kansas
a Speaking Of football Ray
talking
shwife he doesn't hand that
about ercentenaes and other expressions
be lot of changes made In baseball this fall and
the Giants and Of Bill biggest
still nursing against Wym lhough they
Cleveland somebody
the Indians next That stuff about the Cleveland job
being overone Wed take the oursevesn could
have Joe Louis and Billy Conn coaches.
University football which
y do last Who's
Maryland?
Evening star., 1940-10-11
BY HERB BARKER.


NEW YORK, Oct. 11.-Playing
the weekly game of football blind
mans bluff:
Notre Dame-Georgia Tech-The
Engineers nearly pulled last years
game out OF the fire and take fast,
tricky squad to South Bend again.
There's real danger for the Irish
here, but the vote goes to Notre
Dame.
Harvard d-Michigan-Since Harmon
apparently is out to eclipse his bril-
liant 1899 record, there's no possible
choice but Michigan.
dham-Tulane-If Boyle and
Groves, the first-string guards can
play, Tulane's Green Wave might
foil as it was supposed to before the
keason started. The latest word is
they won't be in shape, so Ford
ham.
Pitt-Southern Methodist Pitt
looked good against Missouri last
week, but this is a mustang of
another color. S. M. U.
Trojans on a Guess.
1llinois-Southern California-The
Trojans haven't been exactly ball
Of fire so far. but they have knack
Of doing well against intersectional
rivals. A sheer guess, Southern
California.
North Carolina Texas Christian
That Wake Forest defeat may not
have meant anything except that
North Carolina met an exceptionally
strong team. But so. evidently, is
Texas Christian, which gets the
nod here.
Duquesne-S South Carolina - Ap-
pears like more trouble for South
Carolina. Duquesne.
Villanova-F Florida - Taking VIII
lanova.
U. c. L. A.-Texas Aggies-U. c. l..
A. has dropped two 9-6 games so far
and doesn't figure to win against
last years No. ranking outfit. The
Aggies.
Northwestern Ohio State - Who
brought this up? The Wildcats line
supposedly was doubtful quantity,
DuV Wdo21 oAAy OAAAAA6 "AoAAS
with it against Syracuse. It's a
gamble at best and the indicator
spins and points to Ohio State.
Army Cornell-Cornell is strictly
bigtime with ample man power, a
fine defense and a lightning attack,
cleverly directed by Walter Matusz-
czak. This ballot for Cornell ex-
presses doubt that Army is equipped
to do more than keep the score
within reasonable bounds.
Stanford Santa Clara - Clark
Shaughnessy has done an amazing
job at Stanford, but the nod in this
one goes to Santa Clara.
Clemson Wake Forest-No tougher
one on the card, but Wake Forest
gets a shaky ballot on the basis of
its defeat of North Carolina.
Texas -Oklahoma-The Longhorns
really are dangerous, while Okla
homa seems to have fallen of q
bit. Texas.
Evening star., 1940-10-11
Triumph Over Central Makes
Surprising Eastern Eleven
East Division Fovorite

passed to End Melvin Thompson for
45-yard touchdown. On both oc-
casions league converted. making
five in q row for him this season
without a miss.
Centrals only score came right
after the half. On four plays, one
of them an incomplete pass, it
marched over from its own "a with
a 32-yard pass, Harry Martin to
Olin Hartman Jack Samperton
failed to convert.
Eastern outplayed Central all the
way, picking up II first downs to
and displaying much improved
pass defense that stopped Central's
main weapon,
Evening star., 1940-10-11
Cleveland A. G. Easily
Takes Grid Opener

Cleveland A. c. l00-pound foot
ball team appears headed for an
other good season after defeating
st. Thomas In the opener yester-
day, 33-6.
Haymaker, Leachman. Gilmore,
Copperthite and Conant starred
for Cleveland, while Lason, O'Don-
nell and Casanano shone for st.
Thomas.
Evening star., 1940-10-11
g. ..U.-Wuynesburq

Reserves.
Georgetown-Ends. Lujack u3). ia
worowski t25). Wixted. t29). Lascar t33D.
Pavich 4D. Wiley t43), Engles. l45;
tackles. Harte (20l. Perpich CID. Sullivan
800. Blozis t32). Nealon t35l. Sorce t39);
guards. Mickey 80. Montaunero t6l. Pater-
noster 12), Mcmahon 04), Ponsalle 10.
Erickson C4M. Derrinse (44l: auarterbacks'
Falcone (2l. oConnen t2sl: hslfbacks,
hcNieol g.: Bplyin 49, Spencer s,9i'
Buckley t3s,. Schmitt t4s. Agnew t49l;
fulIbacks. Mclaughlin G6). Barrett t42(.
Hart tsoS. Di Euzio t431. McMinn t5sj.
McMurray t59): tackles. Talpas t25l.
Ciaverra (33). Scarry 1851. r. Furrie $50.
?. castisli. (sD; Carson (62l: suaIds'
Mandon (4O); centers. H. Furrie 1I. Paul
(22): quarterback. Glatch 40; .halfbacks.
Pastin Q3). Kish t23). Crawford t311;
Sutton (39p. Hockenberger $3.50, Chemski
(6O): fullbacks, Kelley U9), lie Donne 1922.
Referee. c. Lebaush. Umpire-AI
q. Hausmann. Head linesman-G. w.
Hohan. Field iudge-Fred r. wallace.