davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1940-12-22
Bondsman Lefkovitz
Pledge Challenged

Bondsman Max Lefkovitz' word
is not as good as his bonds, II was
charged Saturday in Circuit
Court and, as result. Lefkovitz
will not issue bonds until Deem
Der u. Bondsman Fred Browe
obtained from Circuit Judge Guy
A. Miller an order restraining
Lefkovitz from bonding. Browe
complained he recently paid Lef-
kovitz $3.50 for Lefkovitz' bust
ness. the Central Bond Agency
Lefkovitz. he said, promised not
10 return TO the bond business but
TO open beer garden. Instead
Browe complained, Lefkovitz is
now next door 10 him operating
under the name Of New Central
Bond Agency.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1940-12-22
Program 10 Launch
Jewish Book Week

DR.. Soloman Grayzel, editor Of
the Jewish Publicatinn Society
and registrar of Gratz College in
Philadelphia. will be principal
speaker at the special program
Monday evening in the Jewish
Community Center celebrating
Jewish book week. Doctor Gray
eel will speak on Literature and
Jewish Survival"
Book week. which will be from
Monday through Saturday, will
feature a special exhibition Of
books in Hebrew. YiddiSh and
English, depicting the continuity
of Jewish thought and literature
from Biblical days TO the present,
Exhibitions Of books will also be
held in the main library.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1940-12-22
Nabbed After Complaint

On checking the race results il
was obvious. the commission said.
that the number in question re-
ferred 10 the number of the win
ming horse.
According TO the commission, the
grand stand operator concealed his
microphone in his coat sleeve. This
operator had clear view of the
sending station in the tourist camp
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1940-12-22

and received Acknowledgements by
light signals.
II was a complaint TO the tour
list camp that a clothes line OBJ
structed his view. broadcast by the
grand stand operator, which re-
suited in the scheme being uncov-
cred. the commission said.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1940-12-22

Until his retirement 10 years
ago Mr.. Rousseau was active in
the building business and liked to
recall how he helped construct the
buildings at Fort Wayne.
He is survived by. his wife, two
daughters, Mrs. Walter Bull and
Mrs. Henry Washburn: three sons,
Ernest j., Leo J. and Raoul j., and
seven grandchildren.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1940-12-22

day with burial
in Holy Sepul-
chre Cemetery.
Born in Que
bee. Mr.. Rous-
seau came TO
Detroit in 1873
a n d in 1888
married AZelie
B @ II efeuille in
the old Ste,
Anne's Church
at Ran dolph
and l. a I'm o d
streets. Mr.. and
Mrs. Rousseau
celebrated their
fit y seventh
anniversary last
November Dc
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1940-12-22
Broadcast From Track

The suspects are Joseph M. Woz-
nick and William NJ. Bremen.
Although they said they were from
Detroit, local police have no record
of them.
The method of operation. deter
mined by commission inspectors
listening in, was described as
follows:
At the start OF the race,
whistliry could be heard on a
certain radio frequency, followed
by the words oh Johnny re-
.peated several times, and then
a few bars from such songs as
Beer Barrel Polka" or Mary
land, My Maryland" would be
sung
AS the race neared the finish
the voice would suddenly cut in
with a number repeated until the
race was completed. Immediately
after this number was spoken,
a stronger signal on another fire.
quency was observed to repeat
the same number perhaps 10 or
Is times. followed by such com
mon place expressions as test
ing" or testing for meditation,
and finally the words That is all. 4"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1940-12-22
Celebrate Anniversary

The golden wedding anniversary
of Mr.. and Mrs. Richard Weig-
mann, 1927 Horger avenue. Dear
born. will be celebrated Monday
in the Abingdon Apartment Hotel,
700 Seward avenue.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1940-12-22
Hercules Gets U. S. Contract

WASHINGTON, Dec. 2l.--
QNS)-The war department to-
day announced award Of a Sc, 1856,
399 contract to the Hercules Pow
der Company. Wilmington, Del,
for installation of equipment and
operation of powder bag loading
plant to be located near Pulaski,
Va
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1940-12-22
Aimed at Hitlerites

Proclaiming loyalty of labor as
a whole. this member SAID that
the campaign would be directed
particularly against Communist
and Nazi members OF labor unions
or other individuals who may
seek to defeat the rearmament
program.
At the same time strong labor
members OF Congress condemned
what they termed an anti-labor
drive
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1940-12-22
British Vessel Trailed

NEW YORK, Dec. 21,-UNS)--
The 4.399-ton British steamer
Thala reported today that a suS-
picious ship was bearing down on
her 500 miles off the Portuguese
coast, according TO Mackay Radio.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1940-12-22
Confer on Price Rises

With these huge sums of money
going into the arteries Of trade.
administration officials evinc e d
concern over reported stiffening OF
prices for materials. with danger
of prices going sky high. adding 10
the general cost OF living and ex-
panding the cost of war weapons.
Leon S. Henderson, price
watcher on the national defense
advisory commission, disclosed he
would confer here shortly with
members of the scrap, pig iron and
perhaps other industries" TO dis
cuss the price situation
Prices for scrap. pig iron and
coke have moved up recently.
Spokesman for the steel industry.
backbone OF the rear1nament pro-
gram. have declared that steel
makers cannot continue TO absorb
the increased cost of raw ma
terfals without boosting prices of
finished products. 1t Is 10 wrestle
with that problem that Henderson
called his meeting.
The navy now has on order in
addition to these 81 ships, 70 nom
combatant vessels, including as
submarine chasers. There are $40
combat vessels under construction.
including the 40 destroyers ordered
last Tuesday.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1940-12-22
0nesime Rousseau
Retired Builder a Detroit
Resident 81 Years

Funeral services for Onesime
Rousseau. sc. a resident of Detroit
for 90 years and retired building
contractor, will be held in Ste.
Anne's Church at $40 a. m. Tues
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1940-12-22

Gen. Hugh $. job son,
Americas Fighting Thinker"
Writes Daily for the Times.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1940-12-22
.2Detroiters Held
In Short Wave
Radio Race Tips
Operator at Track
Breakfasts Winner,
u. S. Agents Reveal

Seized as operators Of "sure
thing short wave radio race tip
service. two Detroiters were held
Saturday in Charles Town. w. Va.
by federal communications COM
mission officers.
said one OF the men
would carry a portable transmitter
to the race track. There he could
broadcast the progress of races to
an accomplice outside. The accom-
plice would then place bets on the
leading horse with handbook oper-
atorS.
(Police explain that some
handbook operators will take
bets while a race is in progress,
confident none of their custom
erS in the handbook can know
how the race is going)
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1940-12-22

Gen. Hugh 8. job IN s n.
Americas Fighting Thinker"
Writes Daily for the Times.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1940-12-22
WorkersEnIisted
In Drive TO Curb
Defense Strikes
Asked to Ferret Out
Disloyalty or Face
Legislative Bars
BY WILLIAM 8. NEAL
Int1 News Service staff Correspondent

WASHINGTON. Dec. 21.-The
administration is launching a new
effort to prevent strikes in ma
tional defense industries and TO
persuade labor leaders themselves
to GUST disloyal elements. MEM
bers of Congress were informed
today.
The action was instituted after
veteran Democratic members OF
Congress bluntly informed admin
istration officials that Congress
will enact compulsory arbitration
legislation. if necessary, to halt
disruption of rearmament.
The program. as explained to
members of the House judiciary
committee. includes personal ap-
peals by labor chieftains TO minor
labor leaders and to workers
themselves.
Amateur FBf
81 understand that efforts will
he made To impress upon work
ers in factories that they must
undertake 10 ferret out disl0yal
workers and TO he on guard
against sabotage" a member OF
the comm / ttee said. Each
worker Is to he asked to be
sort Of an FBI man himself"
The new effort is headed by Sid
ney Iiillrnan. Go leader and
member OF the national defense
advisory commission. The labor
department and heads of the
American Federation of Labor and
the Go are TO be enlisted in the
campaign which is designed IN
reach down 10 the individual
worker
. All proposed action for con-
grcssional action will be held IN
Allowance 10 await results OF the
campaign. a member of the COM
mittee explained.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1940-12-22
9 Billion Spent
In Arms Awards
Within 6 Months
Navy Let's Contracts
for 81 Additional
Newfoundland Ships

BY ARTHUR HACHTEN
lntp New. Service stair Correspondent

WASHINGTON. Dec. 21-Con-
.racts were awarded 10y the navy
department today totaline $500
slS.5OO for 81 additional non-com-
oatant vessels and hulls and fit
tinss for submarine efasers, aSthe
office of government reports re-
vealed SO 66T-I7l $50 in contracts
were let by the army and navy
between July ! and Dec. IS. 1910,
in the push for total defense.
In addition. the federal works
and security agencies. and the
United States Housing Admins
tration allotted S201 .l16.36l for
projects connected with the pre-
paredness effort, while the navy
department allocated about ST.
600 .0eO. 600 for armament on naval
vessels being constructed in pri-
vate yards. These brought the
roDetary outlay I'D 10 $l0's6s,-
2S7.914.
Army contracts during the July
i-December Is period totaled 81
64,364,l70. while the army spent
$500 BOT 1888 in contracts. exclu-
sive of the billion-dollar armament
fund which is being spent piece
meal.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-03-21
the Coast Loon

Add TO your list of pennant win
ners for the 1940 season another
defending champion. the Los An
gelcS Angels OF the Pacific Coast
league.
Its Just Il guess. but when you're
guessing winners, It's best to stick
with the horse. or the ball club
rs Is the case III this event. that
has the best record.
Los Angeles is certainly the team
with the best record in the Pacific
coast league as a result of its vic
tory in tho loop race one season
ago. The Angels finished with a
comfortable advantage despite the
fact slump near the tail end Of
the race all but dumped the SeraphS
into second place less than a month
before the season ended.
The 1910 edition of the Los An
gCles Angels Will be slightly strong
Cl than the team of one year ago
Ripper Collins Will be back at first.
Lou Stringer Will be on second.
Eo Cihocki on shortStop and Eddie
Mayo on third The outficld viii he
composed Of Larrupin Lou Now
koff Arnold Jigger STATE and Bill
Carpenter
The pitching staff Is an unknown
quantity as far as coast league fans
Imperial Valley press., 1940-03-21
ODOUL PUZZLED AS
OAKS AGAIN ANNEX

YOUNTVILIF, CaIll. MafCN =.
up Having lost another came Ia
Oakland tins by a T. 10 Is score.
Manager Lefty OI)oul debated to
day whether to leave his pitcher,
IT the old soldiers home hero. odd
Pard" BallOu gave ny five runs
and five hits; Charley SchanH two
runs and SIX hits. to the Acorns
but their inficld was as lcaky as a
sieve. The Seals rest today for Their
Friday game with the Philadelphia
Athletics.
Delbert Holmes of Fresno looked
good on the mound for Oakland.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-03-21
Padres to Play Benefit
Game in Stadium Sundov
To Ne ct AII-Stars
In Final Practice
Contest Here

Manager Cedric bursts
san Diego Padre baseball
team, which plays for money
six months out Of the year
in the Pacific Coast confer
cncc race. will Play tor charity aNd
for fun at Fl Centre >tadlam come
, pm. Sunday. against AZ All-Star
Imperial Valley nIne
It'll be the final test tor tie Pa
ORES before the season openn- IL
San Diego one week from Sunday
and as a result burst Vii send his
regular starting lineup INTO the
Game-and keep them there
The All-Star team vii be man
aged by Johnny Carroll 81 CalcXlco
and will send Al Mendoza. Joe
FornaSerO. CALVIN Aaron among
others. against the Padre regulars.
Wally Hebert or Byron Humphrey
were listed as possible starters for
the Padres. with Olsen Tobln or
Newsome slated to work for the
all-StarS against the Padres. San
Diego may also loan the all-StarS a
catcher for the contest
Manager Johnny Carroll. digging
into the bag for trick reminiscent
OF Connie Mack'S move in the 1929
world series when he started a DARK
horse" hurler. may start Carl Dunn
Ter against the Padres
Dumler has made an amazing
showing with the Padres tins spring
training season. allowing Only one
run in all the innings lie has work.
ed. and IS ANXIOUS TO show burst
just what he can do against the
regulars. A good showing might
land him spot with the Padres
Proceeds from Sundays game Will
be turned oyer-in full to the H.
pass health camp fund
LineupS for both clabs vii be
announced tomorrow. according to
burst and Carroll
Imperial Valley press., 1940-03-21

sto be WreStling's No. hatcrs have
met once before this season and
Lopez eliminated the Filipino from
a Los Angeles tournament. The de-
feat cost Manlopig chance to
meet Jimmy Londos for the title.
So tonight Manlopig will be gun
ming for revenge and also for the
long awaited crack at Jimmy Lon
dos. Winner of tonight's scrap will
be i'll a swell spot 10 challenge the
champion of the world.
Matchmaker BuzukoS, therefore,
expects a bit of fireworks before
the night is over and plans to have
sufficient police protection on
hand.
The preliminary scraps will also
provide a bit of entertainments &C
tuldlng to BuzukoS, because Ell
Fuipo will take on Box Car Jacobs
In the Semi-Windup. Jacobs, big
rough hOmbre who has been around
for a long time. is one of WreStling's
finest Snowman
Ell Pulpo Is the fellow who made
the octopus hold famous and he
plans to subduc Jacobs with his
pet hold when -windup time
rolls around tonight
In the opener Al Baffcrt and
Hank Matheney will have at it IN
Il Commute time limit brawl. Bouts
start at $50.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-03-21

quarter-finals were the ST. Louis
Rangers from the Missouri Valley
the Oakland, Calf, Golden Staters
and the Seattle SavidgeS.
Yesterdays third round N. A. A.
L. basketball tournament results:
University OF Idaho. southern
branch 80 Colorado SPRINGS Mar
TINS %
Hollywood Twentieth Century FoX.
36 Shreveport, La, "a.
Chicago Acme Steel Al, San Fran
cisco OlympiCS 30.
st. Louis Rangers A. milwaukee,
BradleyS So
Denver Nuggets 60, Montana Uni
verSity SO.
Seattle Sayidges 48, Salt Lake
City EckerS 35.
Oakland. Calf. Golden Skaters, 40
DeS MoineS. Ia, CoalerS 40.
Phillips Oilers, Bartlesvillc, Okla,
IS. United Service, st. Louis 10.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-03-21
Buzukos Bowls
254 Score TO
Set Record

Pete BuZukOs, who once held
the middleweight wrestling
championship of the world and
who is presently promoting
matches i'm the valley, Thurs
day claimed the bowling cham
pionship of the county. follow
ing a 254-ScOrc he chalked up
in the FL Centre Bowling Palace
Wednesday night.
BuzukOS fired eight straight
strikes i'm setting the valleys
highest big pin" bowling score,
slipped to spare in the ninth
frame and split" i'm the tenth.
BuzukOS scored direct hit
i'm the final frame. hut left pin
No. : and 10 standing. lie picked
up one of the pins for his final
score of 254. The game Melted
him a cash prize.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-03-21
Todays Sports Parade

mcmDcrs Of bascball's mighticst
crew. He doesn't want to spend an
afternoon and ms money for thu
pleasure Of watching batch ri
MINOR league rockies. The Yankee
are not tn" only offenders by ar
means. All the clubs arc IN on thr
sWlndlc. Detroit played the st. I.ou-
IS Cardinals here two days ago and
the customers who paid to see
Greenberg and Martin and the
other stars were treated to such
articles as Lake. Epps. Hopp. Sturdy,
OrengO, MullIn, SecOry and Harris.
If the exhibition games were adj
"ertIscd as rookie style show there
would be no complaint. But they
aren't. The advertisements urge YOU
come out to see the Tigers. the
Giants, the Senators, the Reds, and
the Dodgers play.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-03-21
Joe Louis Extends
Training Props
For Paychek Go

GREENWOOD LAKE. N Y.
March II oUP,-Thc SERIOUSNESS
with Wi.ch Joe Louis is training
up here in the Warwick mountains
provides unexpected proof that the
heavyweight champion, AT least,
rates Johnny Paychck as a iormid-
able challeneer.
II had work can sharpen Il man
to peak condition. Bomber Joe Ger
tainly Will bo in the "pink' when
he climbs through the ropes to
defend his title against raychck
of DeS MoincS at Madison Square
Garden 1 week from tomorrow night.
For this 10th crown defense, the
Detroit Negro is training more
strenuouSly than ever before. For
the first time in his career, Louis
is boXin4 five days a week, instead
or his usual four. His quartet Of
Negro sparmatcs are tops in their
llnc-men who Give Jolting Joe a
battle i'll every round AnO he has
extended his road runs.
The entire camps attitude toward
Paychck comes as a distinct sur
prise to an observer who arrives
from New York where the fans,
who haven't seen payChek III action
since ne rose to prominence. rate
him ruShoYer for the hardhltting
champion.
But Old Jack Blackburn. the
champions trainer has seen PAY
Imperial Valley press., 1940-03-21
Ski Championships
Open in North

SEATTLE. March 81. tUPl The
Pacific coast conference fourWay ski
championship opens today with the
University of WASHINGTON defending
its title against universities of Cali
iornia. Oregon and Idaho, and
Washington State and Orc2on State
colleges.
The tournament opens with Jump
ing at the summit of Snoqualmic
Pass. Tomorrow The collcgians move
tC Mount Rainier TO- cross country
competition. with doWnhill slalOm
events following ON Saturday.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-03-21
Hoppe Increases
Billiard Lead

CHICAGO. March 21 Willie
Hoppe. New York. held two game
advantage over his nearest rival
today il! the worlds championship
three cushion billiards tournament.
Hoppe extended his lead last night
when he defeated Jay Bozeman.
Vallejo Calf, Soil.
Allen Hall Chicago. moved into
second place with a 5034 victory
over Arthur Thurnblad Kenosha
Wis. Arthur Rubin New YORK.
beat Otto Reiselt, Philadelphia. So
40, and Jake Schaefer. il. Cleye-
land, defeated Joe Chamaco. Mex
leo City. SOIL.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-03-21
Ben Hogan Leads
Norsh.South 0pen

P1NEHURST.. N. c.. March q.
,UPD-Bcn Hogan of White Plains.
N. Y, seeking his first major golf
title. blasted out a fve-under-
81 today 70 take the Midway lead
IN the 38th annual north-south
open.
Hogan added his g. to siX-lln-
der-par &c III the opening round
yesterday for 72-holc total of 1873
and AN apparently safe lead over
The field OF Ill of the nation S
lradlns professional ana amalour
Golfer
Imperial Valley press., 1940-03-21
BowIers Schedule
Practice Game

Coast Counties Gas corporation
and Standard Stations bowling
teams. keglcrs who will compete
II League play, will meet Friday
night III a practice match at the Ell
Centre Bowling Palace.
Ten teams have already entered
the bowling league. which will start
one week from Monday.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-03-21
H0ItviIIe Nine
Upsefs Ell Centre
Club 10 to4

Holtvillc hi2h schools varsity
baseball team rose up To become a
league contender Tuesday afternoon
by defeating Ell Centre high base
ballers, 1914 in Ell Centric stadium.
The Vikings put ON hitting dis
play, which coupled with the capable
pitching OF Norman Sharp and LEI
ty Zumstein. indicated that ~
Vikings must be considered as ~
league threat
Hester. Shumard and Burke
pitched for FL Centre. Shumard was
the losing pitcher.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-03-21
LILLARD TO START
FOR LOS ANGELES

ONTARIO, Calf, March q. up
Manager Arnold STATE announced
that Gene Lillard would start on
the mound for the Los Angeles An
gels today in an exhibition game
with the Philadelphia Athletics at
Wriolcy Field. Lillard was expected
to go seven innings and be followed
BY Joe Berry.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-03-21
Santa Barbara
Wins Frisco

SAN FRANCISCO, Mar, p. ,UPD
The Santa Barbara State Gauchos
thumped San Francisco State II to
here yesterday for their sixth
consecutive baseball victory. Wright
son limited the san Francisco team
10 six hits.
Imperial Valley press., 1940-03-21
Hens Tourney to
Be COMPLETED

Finals and semi-finals in the sec
ond annual HENS tennis tourna-
mcnt will be played on the Cal
eXico courts Saturday.
Seeded players in all divisions of
play led the way past tho quarter
final rounds in matches last Satur-
GaN
Imperial Valley press., 1940-03-21
Police Gordon Asked for
Mat Bout
Rival GrappIers Clash Tonisht
In Main Event at City Limits
Arena; e Pull 20 to Show

They stole chapter from the cooru past of wrestling
Thursday morning when Matchmaker Pete Buzukos asked
for additional police protection at the city limits arena to-
night Vincent Lopez and Pantheon Manlopg prepared
clash in the main event. Lopez and Manlopg, reputeC
Imperial Valley press., 1940-03-21
l.. 4. BANKS

LOS ANGELES. March y. NP y
1ransamerlNa .,.,..,,,,...,,. WA
Imperial Valley press., 1940-03-21
BENCHW ARM|NG
by Burdette Kline
-post-Press Sports Editor

arc concerned hut Joe Flores and
ocoW Thomas will serve as a nu-
Cleus. The catching is adequate.
Seattle. San Francisco and San
/ Diego can be rated III that order
for other first division berthS Seat
lie Will have the finest balanced
team III the league. the Seals must
,.IWayS be contended with,
San Diego will have an improved
.nfleld, a better defensive outfleld.
an improved catching staff and AZ
adequate pitching corps.
Sacramento. HOLLYWOOD Oakland
ana Portland should finish in about
that order in the second division.
Sacramento needs more hitting
E!ore pitching; Hollywood lacks the
tlneSSe for q first division club,
Oakland Is weak III all departments
except defense ana Portland has
power to burn without a SemblanCe
Oi defense.
On down the Inc we'll pick Jer-
SCy City in the international league,
Kansas City in the American aSSO-
citation. Behind jersey City We Sc
Newark Rochester and Baltimore.
Sehind Kansas City will follow Min
neapoliS. Milwaukee, Saint Paul
Imperial Valley press., 1940-03-21
The Valley League

While predicting. the valley base
ball league looks like the strongest
loop to represent county high
schools in recent years. CaleXlCo
should finish first. Brawley or Holt
Vile second and e. Centre fourth.
But. according TO Covington. its
impossible to pick winner at the
present time. anu il may still be
impossible after the first round of
lay. The teams. still according 20
CovIngton. are that evenly matched.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1940-01-12
Chance For Tie
In Hoop League

By defeating Central Lutheran
this Thursday night, Epworth Me-
thodists can throw the first haif
Church-Fraternal league title race
into a tie.
The Lutherans. d efen din 9
champs and two-time holders OF
the cup. have not been defeated
this season. Epworth is only one
game behind and so a win tonight
will give them another chance 10
be in the play-off Monday night.
The three games for tonight
arc: 6.45, Puyallup Christians VS.,
Messiah Lutheran; s, knapps
Business College VS.. Latter Day
Saints: Q, Central Lutheran VS..
Fpworth Methodist; Parkland
Trinity Lutheran. bye.
The Friday night game of the
Church-Fraternal league will be
carded at GAS o'clock on the
Stewart school naples and VIII
be between Tahoma Camp w. o.
w and First Methodists.
The Industrials will also play
Friday at the Stewart school as
follows: 8, Northwest Door Co. VS..
N. p. Railway Shops; Q, Peterman
Mfg. Co. VS.. Falkland Trinity
Lutheran.