The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-08-10
JOBLESS YOUTH. AS PERMANENT
 PROBLEM SEEN
N. Y. A. Head Emphasizes Depression Is Not Sole
 Cause

San Francisco, Aug. 10-CUP)- With between 4,OO0,0 ,0OO and 5000 ,OOO young people out of school and out Of employment, Aubrey w. Williams, administrator of National Youth Administration, told the National Education Association here that Americans must realize that this is 8 permanent and not 8 temporary situation.
 He declared that 1t was not mere ly a situation which had resulted from the depression as it was al- ready in existence in 193O
 "An examination of the figures in previous census returns for ear- Her periods" he said, makes it perfectly clear that unemployment of young people is something that results from social and economic conditions which have apparently come to stay.
 We all know that a condition of life totally different from that which was encountered in earlier generations has come into exist ence. We all know that there is no more free land and that the so- called land frontiers are gone.
 Compares 179O and 193O
 We know that the average age of the population has been increas- ing with the result that competi- tion for places in industry has steadily increased. In 179O, for every 1000 children under 16, there were 872 adults over 20. In 1930, for every 1000 children under 16, there were 2,013 adults over 20.
 "We all know we have improved the means of production so that vast numbers of people. no longer are needed in the production of food and goods"
 Williams declared that actually the young people of the last seven and eight years have found them selves in much more difficult situation than that which con- fronted their grandfathers.
 When their grandfathers found themselves caught in the eastern cities, by low wages, desperate labor conditions and great unemploy- ment," Williams said, "they could go out and find opportunity on the land.
 But the grandchildren of the pioneers-the young people of the on-coming generation - can't go out and finc new opportunities on unoccupied land. They have to stay in the cities and just take it."
 Williams frankly admitted that he had no solution for the prob lem although a solution, he in- sisted, must be found.
 He had two suggestions for edu- cStors which he felt would help in a marked degree.
 Urges More School Years
 The first of these was that in in view of the fact that people in the middle of life's span should have the first call on employment, the period of education for youth should be heightened so that they would enter the labor market a little later in life and beeter pre- pared.
 GOI CIlEo IOuIlucu OuI cUuCd- tion Williams insisted that the basic thing needed in addition to give every young perso 8 training in manual work to increase man. ual discpline as well as mental discipline.
 Tt is wrong" he declared, ito allow young people to grow up without the discipline that comes from imposing exacting hours and tasks requiring completion - with out the discipline that comes from the demand for precision and cor rectness.
 Surveys" he said. had demon- strated that one of the greatest handicaps to getting 8 job under present day conditions is the lack of a trade"
 Tt is imperative, however, that everyone grasp that there is in our everyone grasp that there is in our day a basically changed local state, national and world situation both as to content and daily living and as to the way in which people must seek their several objectives in life," he declared.