davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-09-24
bv william Evans
THIS WEEK MAGAZINE

the struggle to get air into the lungs.
The alternative now is the use OF
helium-oxygen mixture that affords
miraculous relief to tortured victims.
Similar relief has been achieved
with both adults and children suffer-
ing from the serious respiratory COM
plications of diphtheria, Group and
laryngitis and related diseases - in
fact in a number of cases it has saved
patients when all else failed.
The practicability of using heium
in this manner has also been demon
Evening star., 1939-09-24

strated in cases of newborn babies
whose lungs fail to expand normally,
and much active experimental work
is under way in heart disease. pneu-
monia and other Affections.
The application of helium in other
fields is vast and beyond immediate
comprehension. Electric-light bulbs
filled with helium burn much more
brilliantly than the present type: toy
balloons inflated with it avoid the
explosion hazard of hydrogen balloons,
which have already caused many
Evening star., 1939-09-24

T WOULD sound outlandish to tele-
/ phone chemical-supply house
and say. "Send me pail of that
stuff we see in the yellow band of the
suns corona during an eclipse"
Yet that is precisely what scads of
people are doing in this day and age.
Specifically, they order a cylinder
of helium. But the idea is the same,
for forty-fve years ago helium was
known to exist in no other place but
the gas envelope surrounding the sun.
Indeed, its presence there wasn't
discovered until 1868 by that brilliant
English astrophysicist ]. N. Lockyer,
who gave it the name "helium" after
the Greek sun god, Helios.
Today newspaper readers recognize
the substance as the nonexplosive gas
that MIR. Ickes. Secretary of the In
terror, wouldn't let the Germans have
for their Zeppelins. Yet before it
became quite so prosaic some of the
worlds finest scientific minds worked
for twenty-seven years before Pro-
fessor William Ramsay, in London,
finally discovered the existence of
this noble gas" so-called because of
its extreme chemical inertness, in the
mineral cleveite, and thus proved it
to be part of the earth's substance.
The layman may get faint idea of
the travail of that research from the
fact that some experimenters worked
with bubble of gas measuring 1884,
600 Of a cubic inch. And twenty-five
years after Ramsay's discovery the
small quantities produced in this
country cost So. 500 cubic foot.
Yet so rapid have been the ad-
vances in the field of helium chemistry
that today we can call up chemical
dealer and buy some of that stuff in
the suns corona" at about twelve
cents cubic foot.
At the same time it is such pre- .
cious and coveted gas that diplomatic
missions have crossed the ocean and
implored us to sell it to them - in
vain. And jealous nations the world
over search high and low for other
sources of supply, even to the hot
springs of Iceland and the volcanic
gases of Japan - also in vain.
For. by fortunate quirk of fate,
the United States appears to have
natural monopoly on it. Found in
Texas. Colorado. Utah, Pennsylvania
and Kansas, the largest field is in
Potter County. Texas. and is owned
by the federal government. 1t has
already produced more than 8O.OOO.-
600 cubic feet of helium.
Despite the obvious value of this
precious gas it is an odd fact that
the first helium producing we'll drilled
in this country brought nothing but
despair and disappointment. Back in
1903 the town of Dexter, Kansas. was
jubilantly celebrating the sinking of
what was thought to be natural-gas
well. 1t doomed in with six million
cubic feet of gas - but visions of
wealth from this new fuel supply
evaporated when it was discovered
that the stuff wouldn't burn.
Abandoned, the we'll was later
proved to be a producer of helium,
and the first commercial extracting
plant was finally built in Dexter.
Up to the time of the World War
Evening star., 1939-09-24

a HEAVY WORKER BECAUSE 1TS LIGHT

helium was pretty much of labora-
tory plaything, acquired in minute
quantities by the laborious process
of breaking down uranium ores. Those
early experiments proved it not only
to be inert but noninfammable, nom
explosive and possessing ninety-two
per cent of the lifting power of hydro
gen - the explosive gas then used for
dirigibles and the only other thing on
earth lighter than helium. 1t is be-
lieved that the Germans during the
World War we're the first to use the
new gas in airships, although they
could not produce it in great quanti-
ties. Finally the dream of producing it
in larger quantities came true with
the discovery of helium in some of our
bigger natural-gas deposits.
Relentless research ultimately de-
veloped the so-called "Linde process"
for extracting the gas: method of
lowering the temperature to around
3OOo below zero under pressure so
that all the other elements in the
natural gas are liquefed. leaving the
helium vapor, which resists the in
tense cold, intact.
BY the time the Armistice was
signed, we had about 10000 cubic
feet of helium ready for this purpose.
At the time a prominent British ad-
miral said that one dirigible filled
with helium had the military value of
three cruisers. And the future poten-
tial value of the gas was so great that
the United States Government went
wholeheartedly into the business,
sponsoring a 100000 extraction
plant near Amarillo, Texas, and pur-
chasing 50,0O0-acre field at Cliffside.
The Cliffside field alone has an esti-
mated reserve supply of nearly two
billion cubic feet, or almost century
of capacity production for plant that
can produce 25.OOO,OOO cubic feet a
year, but which was called upon for
only one-ffth of that in 1887.
Helium can be extracted at Cliff
side now at the amazing figure of
about one cent per cubic foot, but
other costs for storage, "bottling
and transportation bring the price to
private purchasers up to between $35
and SIS per thousand cubic feet, de-
pending upon the quantity required.
With all our big airships gone, the
natural question is. who else would
use it and for what?
Well, caisson workers and deep-sea
divers have found it godsend in
more ways than one. In August. 1898,
two Navy divers went down 500 feet
using a helium-oxygen mixture in
their air lines, thus shattering. with
relative comfort. the previous depth
record (for compressed air) of 800 feet.
For underground workers who are
subjected to intense pressures, helium
has been found to be a preventive of
caisson disease, 1.-The bends"
However, the most dramatic appli-
cations of helium so far have been by
the medical profession in cases involv-
ing respiratory difficulties. "As light
as air" is a common simile. Yet to an
advanced asthma victim, for example,
even air is so heavy that the system is
taxed beyond human endurance in
The Nome nugget., 1939-03-20
United States, France, Britain & Russia Refuse To Recognize German Occupation Of Czechoslovalda
Britain Rearming To Stop Hitler

LONDON, March 20 tH) - Prime Minister Chamberlain told the House of Commons that Brit aims colossal defense program will again be reviewed as one of three steps in answer to Ger many's eastward drive in Europe. The other steps will be attempts to rally "anti7aggresion" nations into a Stop Hitler" block. This decision was sent to the trade mission in Rumania to counter German economic pressure in trade negotiations which caused widespread concern in Bucha- rest.
 Chamberlain made his rea1m- ament announcement after Brit ish officials also stated that the government "may be expected to continue" closed discussions with Russia on Germany's expanding empire.
The Nome nugget., 1939-03-20
US Refuses Recog- nize Occupation
 Of Czechoslovakia

WASHINGTON. March 20 (P) - The United States sent Ger many a note refusing to recog- ize the legitimacy of Hitler's oc cupation of Czechoslovakia. The State Department sent the note signed by Acting Secretary of State Sumner Welles to the Ger man embassy by messenger, the contents of which will be made public tomorrow.
 The communication was made in reply to the German note which was handed to the State Department, informing this gov ernment of Germany's protector ate over Bohemia and Moravia.
The Nome nugget., 1939-03-20
Ten Men Killed As Boeing S'trato- liner Crashes

ALDER Washington, March l3 P)-A four-motored ship, which witnesses said looked like the Boeing half million dollar experi mental stratoliner, crashed 2 quarter of a mile from this Gas cade Mountains town, this after noon, killing, 1t is reported, eight people The Boeing company re- fused positively to identify the ship as their stratoliner at an early hour.
 Arthur Jacobsen, witness, said the ship seemed to go into nose dive. He said he saw eight bodies taken from the wreckage. The Stratoliner was supposed to have ten persons aboard.
 The stratoliner has been going thru a series of tests here for several days.
The Nome nugget., 1939-03-20
Slain Dancers Relatives Talk To Police

Borrowing relatives of Anya Sosoyeva, 32-year-old Russain dancer and GoldWyn Follies film beauty who was bludgeoned to death on the campus of the Los Angeles City College, are shown at police headquarters in Los Angeles as they told Capt. D. R. Patton (left) that the girls kept details of her life secret from them. Shown are, left to right: Mrs. Jean Susoff, wife of the dead girls brother, Fred; Mrs. Marie Slivkon, sister of Mrs. Susoff; and Fred Susoff, the vic tim's brother.
 (See picture at lefD
The Nome nugget., 1939-03-20
Pres. NOminates Successor To
 Justice Brandeis

WASHINGTON, March 20 (P) President Roosevelt nominated William o. Douglas, aged 40, and chairman of the $. E. C. as asso ciate justice on the Supreme Court.
 If the nomination is confirmed by the Senate Douglas will sue ceed former Justice Brandeis who retired February l3.
 Douglas was born in Minnesota and received his early schooling in Washington State and is known as a consistent New Deal supporter. This makes Presi- dent Roosevelt's fourth appoint ment in less than two years.
The Nome nugget., 1939-03-20
King Carol
 Bluntly Rejects Hiter's Demands

LONDON, March i8 (P)-Hit- Ter completed taking over Czech Oslovakia then through his emi- ssary in Bucharest delivered an utimatum to Rumania, demand ing that that country place it. self under the control of Nazi Germany if it desires it's front iers to remain secure.
 King Carols government is re ported to have bluntly rejected Hitlers demand that Rumania cease development of her indus trial power and concentrate on agriculture and sell her oil. grain cattle. timber and food supplies only to Germany and no one else. King Carol called his army chiefs together for a conference and had their frontier guards in creased,
 The British government told dts Berlin ambassador to inform Germany that Britain regarded the invasion of Czechoslovakia as a complete revoke of the Mu- mich agreement and without leg al basis. The Prime Minister call ed the cabinet into extraordinary session to give immediate consid- eration to the European situation.
The Nome nugget., 1939-03-20
LIST OF DEAD

SEATTLE, March 18 (Ao) The Boeing Air Graft Company's 38- place, stratoliner plunged 10000 feet into the Nisqually River Can yon today, killing ten men includ ing the Assistant General Man. ager of the Royal Dutch Air Lin- es and half dozen leading Am erican aviation experts.
 The huge four -motored liner designed to fly at the lower edge of the substratosphere. broke in two and crashed with the pilot still fighting the controls. All the passengers were in their flight position and all aboard were in. stantly killed.
 The dead are Peter Guilonard assistant general manager of the Dutch Airlines. and leader of the air mission to the United States A. C.. Givan Baumherer, second member of the mission.
 Julius Barr, Boeing test pilol and former personal pilot fo1 Madame Chaing Kai Shek.
 Earl A. Ferguson, Boeing tesf pilot.
 Ralph L. Cram, Boeing aerody. namics expert.
 John Kylstra, Boeing chief en. gineer.
 William Doyle, Boeing test pi lot.
 Harry C. West, Jr.. Boeing for man.
 Harlan Hull, chief test pilo for Transcontinental and West ern Airways.
 And Ben Pearson, Boeing sale! representative
 The five hundred thousand do Jar liner was the first of con templated fleet of four such plai es under construction by the Bo, ing Company of Seattle and hat undergone tests at low altitudei near Seattle for several days.
 The air speed indicators jamm ed at 200 miles an hour. Pilo Barr at the controls shut off tn, ignition switches before tn, plane hit, thereby avoiding fire.
The Nome nugget., 1939-03-20
France Declares Not Recognize Occupation

PARIS, March IS tP) - The French government aroused over European developments sent Hit Ter a note declaring that France did not recognize the German oc cupation of Czechoslovakia.
 Premier Daladier was given a vote of confidence on his de- mands for secret and virtually dictatorship powers aimed to build up Frances war mschtre. Reports said France would recall her German ambassador.
The Nome nugget., 1939-03-20
Bodies { Men In Cope Plane Are Brought Juneau

JUNEAU, March IT iP) -- A party from the Cutter Haida re- moved from the Cope plane the bodies of six men, all badly crushed, and carried them 10 the beach on stretchers from where they were urf-boated out to the cutter, which returned to Jun eau.
 Witnesses reported that Pilot Cope and his five passengers were probably killed outright as the plane was severely smashed. It probably plunged from q thou sand or fifteen hundred feet.
 Cope still wore the radio gear with which he reported their trouble about the time of the crash.
 Have The Nome Nugget sent 10 yolIr mining claim.
The Nome nugget., 1939-03-20
Rock Mound Breakwater

WASHINGTON, March 20 tP) Army engineers recommended a rock mound breakwater 430 feet long between the mainland and a small unnamed island near the south end as the basis for the Meyers-Chuck Harbor, It is designed to protect small shipping and to keep driftwood out of the estuary and will cost $25,000.
The Nome nugget., 1939-03-20
," s O U R ID o U G II '"
 STATIONERY

That unique and humorous and typical Alaskan stationery "Sourdough Roadhouse Letter heads and Envelopes, have been brought strictly uptodate, and are now available at the Nugget off, ce.
The Nome nugget., 1939-03-20
PRINTING BLANKS CARRIED

The Nome Daily Nugget carries ,everal forms of printing blanks tor your convenience -- Dredgt Logs. thawing and drill reports Mining Deeds, Placer and Lod. Location Notices. Vouchers.
 Special Power of Attorney forms
The Nome nugget., 1939-03-20
NOTICE TO VOTERS

The Poll Book for the registra ton of voters for the fOrthcomini Municipal and School Board cleo ton will close on Saturday, Marcl 18th, 1889.
 M. J. WALSH,
 City Clerk Publish March IT, 20, 22.
The Nome nugget., 1939-03-20
NOTICE

Don't forget to leave your name and address for the Nugget to be sent to you via airplane at your mining camps, from nc'y on.
Evening star., 1939-08-06

BUT DICK DID NOT GIVE LIP THE QUEST, AND
WHILE AE AND LAAIESS WAITED AT THE
GOAT AMP BAGptPE LINN. D4Ez WE'RE JOINED
81 OTHER BROTHERS OF THE BLACK ARQOAW
WHO DQlF1E1 ~ >7N0-6>-TuO> DISGUISED
As EAPMEPS> >MARNERS AND FRlARS .....~
The Daily Alaska empire., 1939-10-13
A NEW NEUTRALITY

The text of the cash and carry neutrality bill as approved Is by the Senate Foreign Relations Com mittee and being debated in Congress contains surprises It follows the broad lines laid down by the President in his message Congress but strength the cash and carry proncipe by making its opera tion automatic and not dependent executive orders.
 In the bulk of its provisions the is merely a reenactment of existing law, The innovations of greatest importance two First, it repeals the present embargo the export of arms ammunition and implements of Second, it forbids the sale of any commodities to belgerent states except for cash and forbds their carriage in American ships In addition, it vests in the President discretionary power to restrict the of American citizens and American ships in zones of combat
 All in all, this measure offers genuine protection against entangement in war in contrast to the shad- owy myth of protection we have today Besides this it removes embargo which is unneutral and il- logical
 The decisive vote in the Foreign Relations Con- mttee is an indication that this bill will be approved without material change This is borne out by suc- cessive informal polls of the Senate membership which show increasing majorities for the essential principles embodied in the pending bill.
 Every reasonable opportunity for thorough debate should be afforded the advocates and opponents of this measure.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1939-10-13
Horoscope The sturs incline
 but do not compel
SATURDAY, OCTOBER IA


 After the noon hour benefic as- ] poets are active today, but the morning may he disconcerting in it's planetary influences, which may cause futile efforts and lack of con- centration. Accidents to persons con nected with machinery are presaged Caution should guide all who take the least risks. There is a sign oi promise for women.
 Heart and Home: Women should find this an ideal date for hospi- talities. Weekend guests will bring happy hours. This is a lucky day for romance, although there may be temptation toward deceit, due to a desire to appear more attrac- tive than one happens to be Mat inees this afternoon should be un- usually profitable A young actress l is to win fame in a new stage play. ' Business Affairs: This is a day to sign agreements and contracts, but extreme care should be eXer- cised in reading all legal papers. Bankers come under sway pres aging urgent requests for loans from foreign countries. Warning is given against dealings with Russia, for complications are forecast.
 National Issues: Propaganda sent out from Washington. D. O., is to cause misapprehension and to hast en the retirement of government official. Despite safeguards political activity by public officials will be subtly achieved. Unexpected perils are prognosticated as an aftermath of relief policies.
 International Affairs: Jupiter cul- minating at Warsaw gives promise of better times for Poland. Econom- ic problems will become increasing ly difficult for Russia. Herschel and Mars presage trouble in Turkestan and Afghanistan, Palestine con- tinues under disturbing conditions which may precipitate a grave crisis.
 Persons whose birthdate it is have the augury of year of advancement, business or professional. Women should have a period of social suc- cess. Legacies are foretold for cer- tain men.
 Children born on this day prob ably will be keen in mind and at tractive in personality. These sub jects of Libra may be exceedingly critical and difficult to please.
 Copyright, l939)
The Daily Alaska empire., 1939-10-13
Sea Power Tested
Cincinnati Enquirer

Cincinnati Enquirer)
 The encounter of 20 German war planes with a British fleet division in the middle of the North Sea provided the first real test of air power against naval power It is a much more decisive engagement than the first British bombing raid against Ger man North Sea naval bases, which after all not an air attack powerful fleet unit
 AS usual the results are not clear. Germany as serts she lost no planes sank aircraft carrier and seriously damaged a batteship. Speaking for the Admiralty, Winston Churchill told Commons no Brit ish vessel hit and at least one German plane was brought down.
 On the face of it. one report is good as the other Both sides are prone to lie unblushingly when evauating the conflicting reports. One is to notice the difference in British and German publicity policy Britain notoriously parades its bad news as means of stirring its people to greater effort and sacrifice Germany up to has concealed from it's people even the certainty that they to wage long war against two powerful enemies
 This would suggest that Churchill is more likely to be right The other way to approach the matter is to bear in mind the actual conditions of an air-naVa encounter necessarily brief plane shot down falls instantly. A vessel bombed is not likely to sink in less than 10 to IS minutes perhaps not in less than several hours. Recognizing the possibility of honest error therefore, the naval craft-Brtsh-are more likely to have observed the full effects of the exchange of shells for bombs.
 All this suggests that the first real contest be- bombing planes and surface craft has resulted in definite rebuff to the opponents of aerial superiority If this is in fact the case the implications are very momentous indeed Britain has immense fleet well good air force. while Germany has a large and efficient air force and surface fleet of any consequence If naval division, consisting of battle ships cruisers and desroyers, can fight off score of bombers and emerge unscathed, it may well mean the British will be able and willing to go far beyond mere blockade and carry the war aggressvey into the Baltic.
 And incidentally an aerial failure in the North Sea would have important implications for the Med terranean where Italy must rely her air force to cope with the British and French Mediterranean fleets The battle in the North Sea may well be the deciding factor in keeping Duce from the temptation to cast in his lot with Der Fuehrer
The Daily Alaska empire., 1939-10-13
BEERS FAMILY TREE

Beer-a beverage not unpopular in Juneau-has never concerned itself much with the matter of age or antiquity of origin. Most brands of the drink that foams are content with several months of aging It graciousy yields the standpoint of age to whisky, boastfu of it's years in the warehouse barrel and to wine proud of it's time in the cellar.
 Now, however, there settles upon the humble shoulders of beer the beverage collars so must have shoulders) a mantle of antiquity which is really
 mantle of antiquity It is able not merely to trace its ancestry to the grooming board of Richard the Lionhearted or the feasts of the Caesars but back
The Daily Alaska empire., 1939-10-13

beyond biblical times to the very dawn of history
 According to James H. Breasted Jr., of the Inst- ute for Advanced Study the very earliest servant figures found in Egyptian archaeological research are depicted-making beer! Surviving wood clay, and stone figures show servant figures performing all of the stages of making beer, MT Breasted advised the other day. The oldest known figure of an Egyptian servant, on exhibit in the Cairo Museum, depicts a male brewer standing beside vat. Another appar- enty represents female brewer standing in vat (thereby attesting that women put their foot into industry long before the goth century, Both of these figures the archaeologist declares hail from time before $500 B. C. family tree something like $500 years old isn't to be sneered at.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1939-10-13
Good Attendance Marks Marthas'
 Turkey Dinner

An excellent menu and unique table decorations marked last nights annual Martha Society tur- key dinner served by girls of the vesper chair to the many Juneau ties who called between 5.30 and T o'clock at the Parlors of the Northern Light Presbyteria n Church.
 Chairman for the dinner was Mrs. Sidney Thompson, Mrs. George Phillips arranged for dec- orations, and Mrs. J. F Morley supervised the dining room.
 A decorative centerpiece, in keep ing with the fall season, was made by arrangements of Alaskan ami mals silhouetted against back ground of tiny red berries and hemlock bows. Clever candelabras of spruce, offset by silhouetted ani- mals in miniature placed uniquely in the wood holders, held brilliant ly colored tapers
The Daily Alaska empire., 1939-10-13
DAILY LESSONS
 IN ENGLISH
By w. L. Gordon

Words Often Misused: Dear MT. Brown is considered less formal in the salutation of a letter than My dear MT. Brown
 Often Mispronounced: Moscow (Russia). Pronounce moS-ko, first 0 as in of, second as in no, accent first syllable.
 Often Misspelled: Concede; ede. Proceed; eed
 Synonyms: Unaccommod tin g, unobliging, ungracious, uncivil.
 Word Study: Use word three times and it is yours" Let us in crease our vocabulary by mastering one word each day. Today's word Instinctively; involuntarily, by nat ural impulse. Animal mothers in- stinctively protect their young from harm"