davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-09-30
Winter Spray of Oil
Protects Shrubs

The use of winter spray on most
Towering shrubs is recommended
as a control against the growth of
various forms of scale, principally
oyster-shell scale. This, and other
forms of scale, will not cause dam
age to the plants at this time, but
will produce its harmful results next
spring when the myriad insects
hatch from the eggs deposited now.
Protecting shrubs against the in
roads of this pest is easily accom-
plished through the use of a miscible
oil and a power spray. Different
oils are used in the various parts
of the country and the one available
at your seed merchants can be used
on his recommendation.
The principle behind the use of
a miscible oil is that the oil, finely
divided under pressure and mixed
with the water, is sprayed onto the
shrubs which then become evenly
coated with fine oil particles. The
oil penetrates into the enemy life,
causing it to desist.
The proper time for protecting
with q miscible oil is after the lilac
leaves have fallen.
Evening star., 1939-09-30

How deep should fall bulbs be
planted? In general, about four times
the diameter of the bulb. The be-
ginner should not understand by this
rule that precision measurement is
required, and an inch more or less
In planting Darwin tulip bulb may
mean the success or failure of the
flower.
Nature is seldom meticulous in
such matters. At the same time the
planter would do well to see that his
bulbs are planted approximately at
the optimum depth. Tulips, for ex-
ample, If planted much deeper than
the recommended to 6 inches
(above the top of the bulb) will
probably bloom, but likely later than
you expect. If planted less than the
recommended depth, they may also
bloom, and at the right time. But
should the winter be an open one,
with lots of freezing and thawing,
shallow planted tulips are likely to
be heaved entirely out of the ground.
They certainly will be q risk.
Some fall bulbs are not planted
to a depth Of four times their dame
ter. The madonna lily. usually a
big bulb, should be planted only 3
or 4 inches deep. The crown I'm
perial, . large bulb, wants shallow
planting, about 2 inches. The be-
ginuer viii ind . chart Of planting
Evening star., 1939-09-30
Guide to Bulb Planting
Keep this bulb planting depth chart 1t wtu be helpful
to you. -

depths useful to refer to when the
planting task Is begun.
II the ground in which the bulbs
are planted has been newly spaded.
and Is quite loose, the depths should
be increased an inch or so to allow
for settling and because Of the in
creased effect Of frost heaving on
newly turned soil. Also, late planted
bulbs, which have no opportunity
to make roots before the soil freezes,
may be set little deeper to protect
them from frost action.
Tulips should be set to 6 inches
deep. Narcissi need about the same
depth from the top of the bulb, but
owing to the different shape and
sometimes the much larger size, the
base of the bulbs Is usually deeper
than the tulips. Snowdrops and
scillas should 60 down about 2 to
inches. Crocuses should have
inches of soil over them. The cry
throniums need about inches of
cover. So does Fritillaria meleagris.
Anemones for cold flame planting
need only an inch of soil.
The lilies need the deepest plant
ing, and most of them can go as
deep as Z to 10 inches with good
results. The distance apart is rather
elastic, but In general s inches is
the closest any of them should be
planted.
Evening star., 1939-09-30

moist places than do others. The
cyclamineus daffodils fare well in
wet places whereas the others soon
rot and disappear. Few of the bulbs
will tolerate boggy conditions while
growing and none of them while
dormant. Good drainage is thus
very important for the kinds most
commonly grown. Most of our bulbs
are seldom bothered with disease ex-
cept where the soils are rather moist.
With the exception Of tulips and
Spanish iris dubious iris), bulbs
should be planted as soon as re-
ceived. Loss Of vitality due to dry
ing out can be avoided by early
planting. The depth and spacing
of bulbs differs for each species.
AS q general rule bulbs are planted
2la times the height of the bulb.
Crocus which are only u inch high
are usually planted inches deep.
Daffodils, such as emperor, which
has bulbs usually inches in height,
are planted inches deep. The
deeper bulbs are planted, the more
slowly they multiply. Where a rapid
increase is desired, the bulbs are
planted more shallowly.
The spacing between bulbs de-
pends upon the habit Of growth and
upon the effect desired. Thickly-
planted bulbs need lifting and divid-
ing more often than those which
are more widely spaced Slow
growing bulbs can be planted more
closely than fast growers. For natu-
rahzing. crocus are often spaced
inches apart, while in beds inches
is the usual planting distance
Daffodils in beds should be spaced
8 inches or more apart, but when
naturalized II to Is inches is de-
sirable. They won't make much OF
a showing in the lawn at that dis
tance for q year or two, but in three
or four years they will have made up
for lost time and can be left undis-
turbed for many years.
The quantity OF bulbs to be pur-
chased depends mostly upon the
pocketbook and the space to be
planted. For the beginner, a few
daf1odils, q dozen or so tulips and
10 to Is of one of the smaller flower
ing bulbs. such as the crocus, will
make snowy start. Daf1odils are
more expensive than tulips, but they
are relatively permanent. 1t is not
unusual for q gardener to buy a
single bulb of some new or scarce
variety Of daffodil that is rather
costly, knowing that within three or
four years the multiplication will
insure an attractive clump. Tulips,
on the other hand, seldom maintain
their strength and vigor of bloom.
They subdivide badly if fertinzed
and many gardeners buy a few new
bulbs each year to keep up the
quality. The small bulbs, though,
are fine for cut flowers for the table,
50 plant them in the garden or
cutting beds.
Evening star., 1939-09-30
Suggestions
On Peony
Varieties
Several Hundred
Types Do Well
In this Area

Several years ago Mr.. E. w. Sheets,
a local peony grower, made the
statement that there were manv
varieties Of peonies that did not do
well In this area. He then remarked
that there were more than 200 va
rieties which did very well in our
soils and climate. The point in the
above remarks is that we must not
depend entirely upon catalogue de-
scriptions in choosing varieties for
our gardens. We are very close to
the southern limit of peony culture.
With this in mind, the following
list is suggested for the gardener who
wishes to have a few peonies and
prefers to buy named varieties. The
best way to make selections is to
visit nearby gardens when the
flowers are open. There are ex-
tensive collections where compari-
sons may be made. At this season of
the year, however, when we should
be thinking Of the planting opera
ton, the selection of varieties must
depend upon some ones recommen-
dations. Very few peony fans will
agree on any dozen. Each grower
has his or her favorites.
Festiva Maxima. q white with an
occasional red petal in the center;
James Kelway, . tinted white;
Baroness Schroeder and Kelway's
Glorious are dependable whites.
Others are Francis Willard. Ava
lanche, Mrs. Edward Harding and
Duchesse de Nemours.
In the pink class-Mons. Jules
Ellie, light pink: Edulis Superba, rose
pink: Nine. Jules Dessert. light pink;
Therese. also a light pink; Refine
Hortense, pink; and Lady Alexandra
Duff, q pale pink-are all good.
Other good ones include Auguste
Dessert; E. j. Shaylor, Octavie De-
may, Phyllis Welway and Walter
Faxon.
In the red class we have Richard
Carvel, On1cinalis rubra plena and
Karl Rosenfield. Cherry Hill is q
very early blooming maroon.
Evening star., 1939-09-30
Flowers Very
Symbolic of
Countries
Historic Heritage
Seen in Certain
Lands Choice
BY EDITH HOUGH.

Many familiar flowers share In
the national traditions of countries
which have chosen them to SYM
bolize a part of their histroic her
itage or their land itself. This is
one of the most popular ways in
which they manifest their kinship
to humanity. The violet that COM
monty grows half hidden in shell
tered places was the flower of the
city of Athens. representing the
most highly civilized state in west
ern history, and it still remains as
the flower of Greece.
When Louis VII went on his cru
SADIE he made the white iris his
emblem. symbolizing the purity of
his motive. 1t was named the fleur
de lis and the flower of chivalry,
and white iris on a blue field formed
the flag of France until the tri-
color was adopted. The white lily
OF Italy dates also from the Mid
die Ages. The blue cornhower was
made the flower of Germany when
Queen Louise amused her children
with wreaths of them while in hid
ing after fleeing from Napoleon.
Spain's symbol is the pomegranate,
first introduced and cultivated there
by the Moors. Switzerland has
chosen the edelweiss, the rare and
inaccessible native of its mountains.
The rose as the badge OF England
so originated in the red and white
roses of the houses Of Lancaster
and York. After the War of the
Roses Henry VIII. a Lancaster,
married a daughter of the house
of York and thus combined the
emblems. Another British flower
symbol is the purple thistle of Scot
land. This flower was instrumental
IN stopping the invasion of the
Danes. who attempted to cross a
moat filled with them. Their cries
aroused the guard, and the attack
was repulsed. The leek of Wales
was also made famous in battle,
when each Welshman wore one in
his cap to distinguish himself from
the foe. Ireland's symbol is per-
haps the best known of all. 1t was
chosen when st. Patrick picked the
leaves of a shamrock to illustrate
the Trinity.
The rose is also the flower of
Persia, where proverbially the love-
llest have grown. The famous and
beautiful lotus of Egypt and In
dia Is the flower of those coun-
tries. The narcissus, now so COM
mon all over the world, represents
China and the chrysanthemum
Japan.
The United States has named the
goldenrod its most generally COM
mon native flower, and most of the
States have chosen those flowers
most typical of their territory. Thus
the cactus represents Arizona and
New Mexico, the orange blossom
Florida and the magnolia Missis-
sippi.
Evening star., 1939-09-30
Japanese Beetle
Laws Amended

Restrictions on the movement of
fruits and vegetables under the Jap
anese beetle quarantine regulations
were removed for the season at
midnight September 10, the Depart
ment of Agriculture has announced.
Restrictions on cut flowers, however,
remain in force through october Is.
Under quarantine regulations, GER
tificates showing freedom from Jap
anese beetle are required until Oc-
tober Is on interstate shipments of
certain kinds Of fruits and vege-
tables from the entire regulated
area and on interstate shipments of
fruits and vegetables of any kind via
refrigerator car or motortruck from
certain sections Of the regulated
area. The order. issued today, re-
leases the fruits and vegetables
from that requirement nearly four
weeks earlier than Is provided in
the regulations.
The regulated area includes Con-
necticut. Delaware, Massachusetts,,
Rhode Island, New Jersey and the
District of Columbia and parts of
Maine, Maryland, New Hampshire,
New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Ver-
mont, Virginia and West Virginia.
Inspection Of fruits and vege-
tables is necessary only during the
period when adult beetles are in
active flight. There is no risk that
such products will carry the Japa-
nese beetle after this active period,
which Is now apparently over
throughout the regulated areas.
During the last few days the de-
partment's inspectors have found no
beetles in fruits and vegetables.
There is still danger, however,
that the adult beetles may be trans
ported in cut flowers. Therefore, re-
strictions on interstate movement of
cut flowers and other parts of plants
will remain in full force through
October IS.
Restrictions on the movement of
nursery, ornamental and green
house stock and all other plants
Except cut flowers, aquatic plants
and portions of plants without roots
and free from SOLD are In force
throughout the year and are not
affected by this amendment.
Evening star., 1939-09-30
Fine Shrub
For Small
Spaces
Hercules Club
Has Interesting
Leaf and Flower

"The Devils Walking-stick" or
Hercules Club" are the common
names under which the shrub
aralia spinosa is known. Farther
south 1t grows to tree size, but at
Washington 1t only attains about to
IS feet. AS the species name irdi-
Gates, it is a spiny subject. On the
stems the spines, spaced irregularly< {
are stout and short; on the leaves
they are like needles and are placed
regularly along the midribs of the
tWice-pinnate leaf At the exact
point where division of the leaf
occurs one needle points to the sky
from the upper surface of the rib
and one points to the ground from
the underside.
1t is difficult to say whether ther-
leaf or the flower is the more inter-
esting feature of this plant Ger
tainly the leaves alone would be
sufficient reason for growing it.
Two to 2l2 feet long, tapering to a
point from width of 80 inches, they
are made up of hundred leaflets,
each leaf1et being about inches long.
The needlelke spines, having but
little substance, are not as dangerous
as they look; they are most notice.
able on the young leaves, often alb
sent on the older ones.
The large. terminally- placed flower
clusters come in July and are made
up OF six to seven panicles arising
from common point and forming q
rounded head of airy whiteness.
The last division in the panicle is
an umbel less than an inch in
diameter; in the umbel 20 tiny
white flowers on their tiny white
pedicels form perfect wheel.
After the flowers have fallen and
the purple berries are forming, the
pedicels take on pinkish tinge.
giving the appearance of Q second
bloom with changed color.
The small berries about the size of
bird shot do not stay on the plant
long enough to make show, for as
fast as they ripen birds are busy
disposing of them. Through the
month of August and well into Sep
tember the Hercules Club makes a
fine place for closeup bird observa-
ton. The wood thrush is constant
visitor, so is the catbird and mock
ing bird, but flnches. warblers andi
many rare bird species can be seen
from time to time going for the
tasty morsels.
The Hercules Club can be used as
fence or hedge plant where space
is not limited; it is excellent to cover
banks or unsightly spaces around
garages or other outbuildings. but
it should not be planted in the shrub
border because of its tendency to
throw up suckers from the root. It
may be used as an accent plant on
the lawn where frequent moving
OF the grass will keep the suckers
down.
The Hercules Club thrives in anv
good soil asking for no special ia
vors, and 1t grows equally well In
1ull sun or partial shade.
Evening star., 1939-09-30

AAoSocS dAAO AADCSt tIOODlCS, Wlllle
others claim only beneficial results.
No doubt both are correct. II We
carefully refrain from incorporating
diseased plant material in the COM
post, most troubles of this sort can
be avoided. Use lime (hydrated)
and sulphate Of ammonia freely, as
they speed decomposition and at the
same time aid in controlling diseases
and insects. Where sulphate OF
ammonia Is used. 1t Is equally desir-
able to use superphosphate to absorb
and retain the nitrogen. Where
these three are used, the compost
is a complete fertilizer. except fol
potash, and is most valuable addi-
ton to the garden soils. Where the
compost Is to be used under ever
greens the lime should be omitted.
To remedy thin stands of grass
on poor soil or under trees where
the soil has been washed away II
may be simpler to use a top dress
ing Of good soil and then reseed.
A front-page article in the May
issue of the National Nurseryman
rather scathingly denounces the in
discriminate use of misfits In 'front.'
yard paintings and especially around
the foundation. This is q small be-
ginning in the field of improving
the appearance Of our yards and
streets. Overgrown pines, cedars
and spruces add little to the ap-
pearance of a house. In most cases
they hide the house. And large
growing trees and shrubs in many
cases are unable to secure sufflcient
food and moisture alongside of the
foundation and hence seldom keep
their natural beauty and symmetry.
Thus the misflts do not add to the
beauty of house or of a street.
A careful selection of shrubs and
trees greatly enhances the appear
ance of a house and of the city
and at the same time requires much
less care and pruning to keep them
within bounds.
Tree wells" do not always save
the life of tree when the grade is
changed. Tree roots must have air
and If the soil is filled in over the
roots to such depth as to reduce
aeration injury and death may fol-
low. A few inches of heavy clay
soil. however, may be no more in
furious than 20 inches of sandy
loan. To safeguard trees when
making fill it is desirable to place
a layer of gravel over the soil be-
fore making the fill. Three or four
inches for shallow fill and 6 to
8 inches of gravel for a fill of from
l to 3 feet. Use tree we'll to pro-
tect the bark. =
One method of watering ter
race is to dig a trench at the top
Of 1t and all the way across. The
trench should be a foot wide and
foot deep. In the bottom lay q
string Of agricultural tile and cover
with 4 or S inches of gravel or Gin
ders. Then fill the trench with dirt
and replace the sod. Water Is ap-
piled at the ends of the tile, which
are fitted with curved pieces that
extend to the surface of the ground
or slightly above. Let the water
from the hose run slowly. The
water will seep from the tile into
the gravel and through the soil
moistening the surface of the ter
race. Too much water might cause
the soil to slip, but this method Is
much superior to watering with the
sprinkler, since the grass roots are
encouraged to penetrate deeply.
Evening star., 1939-09-30

Bulb Beds
Rake bulb beds level after they
are planted, 50 there will be no
depressions to collect water.
Evening star., 1939-09-30
Where Plant Spring Bulbs for Best Display Interesting Question
Shrub Border Good Place
For Those Varieties That
Bloom First in Season
Tulips and Daffodils Do Best
In Perennial Beds Where
The Foliage May Mature.
By w. H. YOUNGMAN.

Now that the fall planting bulbs has started in earnest
few consider what
attractive after long deary
watch them peek through the grounds spring
the has melted
towering bulbs and they
of
Where are we going to draw lne'
them all
we start? These all normal questions
will be attempted
For planting tulips and hyacins
are the most satisfactory The hycnth
eeered suaton They make quite showing
with the The tulips hyacnt
as foliage has mred
tor e summer and fall flowers The dad
become seriously crowded.
about the time the foliage o rpen
For borders along the edgns
Evening star., 1939-09-30


ing qualities of the chrysanthe-
mum have long since endowed it
with the meaning Of long life. an
Interpretation rendered quite liter
ally in the city of Kai, where chrys-
anthemums grow in profusion along
the borders of a certain stream. Its
waters are always surfaced by fallen
petals and people come from far
and near to drink of the stream in
the belief that their days on earth
will be heightened.
Flowering as 1t does when the
year has come to ripeness, the
chrysanthemum symbolizes perfec-
ton, and the orderly unfolding Of
its petals has been linked to the
rising Of the sun.
OF Chinese origin it is one of the
ancients among flowers and In the
course of its long history has been
the subject Of constant experiment
tation. It has been known to the
Chinese for 1000 years, and the
japanese chose it as their national
flower in the 14th century after a
war of the chrysanthemums IN
which opposing factions wore the
flower as their symbol. The feud,
we are told, lasted Sc years!
There are said to be some 500
varieties of chrysanthemums in ex-
istence, mostly of the Japanese, or
tender type. The annual flower
show in the florists quarter Of Toxic
is ranked as one of the sights OF
that fascinating city. 1t is the GUS
tom to clothe plastic figures entirely
in crysanthemums and by drench-
ing these exhibits with water each
night to keep them for weeks. At
this great flower bazaar the chrysan-
themums are sold cheaply to the
poor.
ChrySanthemums are grown IN
profusion all over Japan except in
one place, where they are looked
upon as the specter plant. Legend
says that Okiku, maiden whose
task it was to tend the costly table
ware of a noble lord, one morning
found only nine gold dishes in set
Of 10. She had neither lost nor
broken the missing dish, but, fear
ing that she would be blamed.
drowned herself in a well. Her
ghost is said to return nightly to
the many lowered castle in which
the tragedy happened, hence the
people think it unlucky to grow
Okiku's flower.
The japanese type Of chrysanthe-
mum has always been popular with
commercial florists because they
may be planted in late spring and
early summer, when the green
houses would otherwise be empty,
and. owing to the enormous variety
in their size and coloring, they are
one of the favorite exhibition flow
ers. The hardy types are JOY to
the housewives heart. for with COM
paratively little attention they last
for weeks. This characteristic bears
contrast to the dropping of more
fragile blooms within a few days.
In botany the chrysanthemum
takes its place with the genus of
plants to which the ox-eye daisy
belongs. Its history. as far as
Europe is concerned. begins in 1859,
when 1t was mentioned by one
Breynius. Another century passed
before 1t was introduced into Eng
land by M. Pierre Louis Blancard,
and 1t did not make its debut in the
United States until 1847.
Evening star., 1939-09-30
By Margaret NoweN.

Here is a rectangular table arranged for lunch.
con for four. Places are set opposite, in pairs for
pleasant conversation. ,Vhich leaves the ends of the
table for foyer arrangement Huge brilliant
sinnias clipped close to their heads and set into
flat containers. Foliage is the varicolored leaves
of colens Covers are of nafural-toned linen. ,vifh
bright ,voven bands of color at the edges Place
plates are of polished pale GOOD and glassware
bnbbly, handmade Mexican glass to match the
fOsVer containers.
Evening star., 1939-09-30
Background of the Lovely
Chrysanthemum Proves
Most Interesting One
Known in China Two Thousand
Years Ago, 1t Has Favored
Role in Modern Decoration
BY GAEL RENFREW.

During the football season SAY with flowers" chyanthe
almost completely magnificent
football
Throughout the coming weeks thousands
beaten
chsanthemum This growing custom which takes its
autumn hues, easily hold pride of place.
Favored in having almost monopoly Of the fall months these
Not ideal
They indoor with equal The
Of their variety that they furnish shape
all lasting qualities made much desired
allies
scattering
chrysanthemum petals into the
borrowed that Of petals OF