davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1939-04-27
VOL. 2 April p, 1889 NO.
A. F. of |. Troubles

The daily press makes much OF il when
differences arise in the family Of {. |. O.
unions. But they keep strange silence when
the age-old fights Of the A. r Of l.. affliateS
crop out.
The daily press repeats the already dis
credited lies that only {. |. o. unions are OPP
posed 10 tampering with the Wagner Act.
The daily press made much of the
orders of Bill Green that all A. T. OF J.. af-
filiates dissociate themselves with Labor'S
Non Partisan League. But they never publish
news that A. f. of l.. affiliates have refused
to entertain such dictated orders
Knowing that the comments w never
appear in the Cumberland papers. We draw
our readers attention to the expressions of
two powerful American Federation Of Labor
affilates.
First. the April issue Of the Topographic
cal Journal writes about Bill Green's order
as follows:
When BY stroke of the pen elect
ed officers of labor organization may
dsenfranchise entire affiliated unions
and all members thereof simply because
political views dissmilar to those es-
poused by the A. f. Of l.. Executive
Council are entertained, il means only
one thing-democracy in that body has
ceased to he one Of its cardinal princi-
pies"
Second we have the Brewery Workers,
Who incidentally can tell YOU a thing or two
about iurisdictional autocracy in the A. F.
of l..
In their organ THE BREWERY
WORKER" We find published the weekly
news feature Between The Lines" by La
boris Non Partisan League
The editorial comment which precedes
the publication OF the feature is interesting
for its espousal of democracy against the die
tatorship of the Executive Council Of Bill
Green The Brewery Worker writes:
The Brewery Workers desire 20
enter into political discussions, a. such
is negligible. Then, too. ii is not our de-
sire. and clearly beyond our ability, 10
sway the personal opinions of our read
ers in matters purely political. The Brew
cry Workers Union. is based on the prin-
ciples Of democracy, and our members
would be the first TO denounce any at
tempt on our part to tell them, outright
for whom they should vote.
We believe. however. that we are
acting entirely in their interests when
We publish information on the anti
union activities Of men now in or seek
ing public office. and with this end in
view, therefore, we will continue to pub
lish such information gathered and re-
leased by Labor's Non Partisan League,
mandate or no mandate
These expressions, coming from such
powerful affiliates Of the A. F. Of l.. must
undoubtedly be nightly discouraging to Bill
Green, and the National Association Of Manu-
facturers.
But to the abor movement. il is another
indication that the strangulation of demo
cracy will not be effected by the mandates
Of an outmoded leadership
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1939-04-27

The Voice OF Labor was receiving
and printing numerous letters OBJ
jecting to the activities OF reliS-
ious rackctecr who had been help
ing out in the Cumberland election
campaign.
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1939-04-27

The Columbus street car strike
ended In victory for the strikers
AZ. or L. and CLIO. unionists CO.
operated in tying up all operations.
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1939-04-27

Although the division in abors ranks continues there fine spirit
solidarity the benefits of the Wagner Act and the need
the destruction which Bill Green and the National Association of
Manufacturers jointly propose Bill the refusal of craft
unions off THEN spite their face Printing trade workers
hotel workers. moe macnSt painters and other craft groups the
of raising their voices with the CO and the railroad ogan
cations o tampeing with the Wagner Act
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1939-04-27

FROM OUR FILES

Akron rubber companies were
making strong efforts to slash Wages
and the rubber union was hesiSting
the move.
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1939-04-27

Mayor Rooms election expense
return showed that City Solicitor
Heskett kicked In sl.26O OF the
s2.377 listed as expenses. Smallest
donation on the list was IS from
Roscoe Muse. City Tax Collector
Conway donated $3.50 to the May
oral Primary campaign.
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1939-04-27

TIE Senate Civil Liberties Com
mi,ice was granted an appropriation
OF 100000 to continue its work.
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1939-04-27
HE PERSEvERED

i had 10 stay after school be-
cause OF perseverance, dad
What how did that happen
Il couldn't spell It,"
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1939-04-27

donation on the list was S. from
Roscoe Muse. City Tax Collector
Conway donated $3.50 to the May
oral Primary campaign.
Clyde d. Lucas. business manager
OF Local 1874 Celanesc Workers
Union warned members against the
operations OF q group called the
American Federation OF Justice.
saying From information already
uncovered It seems possible that
large scale insurance and lottery
racket are the detectives OF the
group. II was reported that tho old
application forms with the names
and addresses OF tho former Celan-
csc Employees Association members
were in the hands OF the suspected
racketeers
The City Sofiball League opened
It's playing schedule The Voice II
Labor team held a franchise LoCl
1874 was recruiting q baseball team
The Western Maryland Cio
Council heard reports that the Civ
Council took no action alter It's lct-
ter was read calling for repeal ~
the unconstitutional handful or
dinance and no answer nor ac-
acknowledgement was sent to the union
group.
Homecoming miners were making
plans for rally 10 be held al thc
Fircmen'S Armory
Cumberland was working for =
clean city and spring clean ~
through an active committee rcp-
rcscntins various group interests
Crab meat pickers on tho Eastern
Shore OF Maryland were on strike
against the proposals Of the crab
packers to reduce their wages from
Hfy six cents day 10 30 cents
dav. The union organizers car MS
burned and he was warned to get
out OF cusheId
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1939-04-27

Cumberland was working for q
clean CITY and spring clean ~
through an active committee rep-
rcscntins various group interests
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1939-04-27

Homecoming miners were making
plans for = rally TO be held al thc
FircmenS Armory
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1939-04-27

The City Sofiball League opened
It's playing schedule The Voice IL
Labor team held a franchise Loci
1874 was recruiting baseball team.
Evening star., 1939-12-03
The laws of war at sea "a
crisp summary to help you
understand the daily news
by Philip c. Jessup
Professor Of International Lo~;C Columbia University

into port. If the papers are all in order
and there is no ground for capture the
merchantmen is told to proceed on her
way.
Some forty-eight countries. includ-
ing England, France, Germany. Japan,
Russia. Italy and the United States.
are parties to treaty made in 1896
by which they agreed that sub
marine must follow this same pro-
cedure. But even surface warship, if
it finds it impossible for certain reasons
to spare prize crew or to conduct a
captured merchantmen to port, may
sink the ship after providing for the
safety of those on board. The sub
marine treaty of 1896 lays down the
same rule for submarines. Many of the
news stories report that submarine
commanders in this war have followed
this procedure, but in the Athena
case it was charged that a submarine
violated the law by sinking without
warning.
If ship is captured and brought
into port she is taken charge of by an
officer of the prize court. and reg
ular trial is held to decide whether she
can be condemned" or whether she
should be released. According to an
cient practice the prize was sometimes
taken into neutral port to be laid up
there pending the decision of the bel
ligerent's prize court The United
States and many other countries now
deny the legality of that practice and
this view was the basis for objection
when it was reported that Germans
were trying to lay up the City of Flint
Evening star., 1939-12-03

or its cargo comes under any of the
four rules just described, the ship (or
cargo is declared forfeited and if the
trial is fair. no neutral government can
complain. If the court decides there
was not sufficient proof the ship is
released and in some cases receives
damages for the delay. During the
World War of 1914 1918 many hun
dreds of prize cases were tried in the
prize courts of England, France.
Germany, Italy and other belligerents.
There we're none in the United States
after we entered the war in 1917, be-
cause our navy was not needed for
that kind of work and made no cap
lures.
Among many special cases that arose
in International law during the World
War was the British practice of sub
stitutlng for the usual visit on the high
seas, advices or warnings or commands
to neutral ships to touch at a British
port so that they could be examined
more mInutely. Newspaper reports in
dicate that this practice has been
resumed. Its legality is still a matter
of controversy. Another special case is
the question of armed merchantmen
which is also controverted. The United
States during the World War first
thought that merchant vessels with
guns mounted on their decks should be
treated like warships. Then the State
Department changed its mind and said
this was true only if the ship was
"offensively" armed but not if the
guns we're carried only for defense
(Continved on pose 22)
I2-3-39
Evening star., 1939-12-03

in Murmansk. Neverthe-
less, the Hague Conven-
ton of 1907 permitted
neutrals to allow this prac-
tice and some countries
still accept it - Italy, for
example, in its 1898 rules
of neutrality.
The reasons for con-
demnation are roughly as
follows. leaving out the
legal details and refine
mentS:
First, if she is an enemy
lin our hypothetical case,
a Germany ship.
Second, if she is a neu-
trail ship but is carrying
"contraband." Govern
ments and international
lawyers have been trying
for three hundred years to
agree on an exact deflnl-
ton of contraband. They
still disagree. 1t is unlver-
sally agreed that arms and
ammunition going to the
enemy are absolute con-
traband. Other things like
food and steel, copper and
oil, are said to be CON
ditlonal contraband"; that
is. they are contraband if
actually destined for the
enemy government or its
army or navy. Here the
international lawyers and
prize courts go through
those intricate mazes of
reasoning that often dis
gust laymen even in ordi-
nary law suits.
Third. if she is a neutral
ship but is trying to break
a BLOCKADE" There is
much loose talk about an
Allied "blockade" of
Germany, just as there
was in 1914. But a neu-
trail ship can't be con-
demned for breach of a
blockade unless the block
ade is actually enforced by
warships. or perhaps sub
marines and aircraft. The
United States had such a
blockade of the ports of
the Confe1eracy's ports
during the Civil War. but
mines and submarines and
aircraft of the enemy
make the old type of
blockade very difficult to-
day. Belligerents now.
therefore. generally fall
back on extended lists of
contraband to justify cap
lures.
Fourth. if she is a neu-
trail ship but is engaged in
"unneutral service" This
includes carrying enemy
troops or officers or dis
patches. or helping the
enemy by giving lnforma-
ton. etc.
If the Prize Court de-
cides that the evidence
proves the captured ship
comes under any of the
lst described, the ship (or
,lared forfeited and if the
10 neutral government can
Evening star., 1939-12-03
THIS WEEK MAGAZINE

it Is not h er
"atroclty" when an Amer
lean ship is stopped and
searched on the high seas.
The capture of the City of
Flint caused a tempest in
a teapot. Newspaper col
umns and radio waves
carry strange terms like
prize courts" Intern
ment, "contraband lists"
and EARNED merchant
men" Some readers and
listeners can polish their
tarnished memories of the
World War of 1914 1918
and give meaning to these
terms, but not even cor
respondents and commen-
tators seem to be sure
about the use of all these
words drawn from the war
law on the seas.
Contrary to the COM
mon belief that inter-
national law is flouted al
most with unanimlty in
time of war, there is in
fact a large body of it con-
stantly invoked by gov
ernments and applied by
courts. You appreciate the
reality of this law as a fac
tor in diplomacy if you
stop to consider how avidly
each belligerent govern
ment always tries to con-
vince neutrals that it is
acting legally and that the
enemy is breaking the law.
Secretary of State Hull re-
Gently announced that
The Government of the
United States has not
abandoned any of its
rights as a neutral under
International law" Ad-
vocates of repeal of the
arms embargo were con-
stantly urging that We re
turn to international law"
The Presidents Neutral
ity Proclamation warned
us not to violate "the law
of nations" A statement
of a few of the fundamen-
tai rules may help toward
an intelligent understand
ing of the news of captures
and sinkings Of ships
which will, unfortunately,
probably continue to greet
us day after day.
In the first place it may
be pointed out that for
over three hundred years
belllgerents in every war
on the seas have set up
special courts called prize
courts. In England, the
United States and a few
other countries the prize
courts are the ordinary
law courts charged with
the extra duty of deciding
cases of captures in war
time. If the United States
we're a belligerent our fedel
Courts and Circuit Courts
and the Supreme Court wo
prize cases as they did in tt
American War, the Civil "
War of 1872. In other cou
France. Germany and Ita
courts are set up to handle
What is a prize? A pri
or cargo captured by a
Here is the procedure that
by all countries. and whicl
followed by navies with a |
ure of regularity for three G.
British cruiser during the p
is securing the seas and sig
chant vessel, perhaps far
horizon. The cruiser fires a
as a signal to the merchs
stop. If the signal is not /
cruiser NAV fire a solid shot
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-05-29

terry thriller will comprise the
schedule.
"Abies Irish Rose" runs from
June through June II, to be fol-
lowed June 10 by two weeks OF
"Candlelight" Following this will
come Biography" July 8; Seven
Keys to Baldpate." July IL: THE
Curtain Rises" July 81; Service for
Two" August IA, and Clarence"
August %. c. Adolph Glassgold
is alternating with Mr.. Wentworth
on the direction this season and the
two plays set to follow "Abie's Irish
Rose" already are in rehearsal.
There will be tryouts June l, 2 and
3 at 8 o'clock at the theater for pro-
auctions due later in the season.
X X X
Students of the Mount Vernon
Seminary and Junior College will
stage an operetta titled I'm Mozart's
Time" tomorrow night at $50 o'clock
at the school gymnasium as an i'm
portant event of commencement
week. Mary Pearl Erhardt, Jean
Love, Maude Kelly Smyre, Patricia
Fowler and Jean Guernsey are the
players. They will be supported by
singing and dancing chorus Of 16
students and there will be prologue
by Denise Coblentz.
The three-scene operetta will be
preceded by "All on a Summers
Day." a one-act fantasy to be per-
formed by Nancy Jones, Annie
Laurie Conner, Virginia Hoffman,
and Eleanor Wallace.
The production is under the dra-
matte direction of Edith Madeline
Mack, the musical direction OF
Esther Jones Barrow, Patricia Urner
is in charge of the dancing and
Marguerite Mum the stage settings.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-05-29
Where and When
Current Theater Attractions
and Time of Showing

Keith's-"East Side of Heaven"
Bing sings: 11:35 am, 1:35, $40,
$40, 7:45 and $50 pm.
Capitol-"Calling DR.. Kildare"
more adventures Of the popular
young doctor: HOO am, LAS, 4:3O,
tbs and 1000 pm. Stage shows:
12:45, $3.50, 6:15 and pm.
Earle-"Confessions Of Nazi
Spy" espionage expose that names
names: II am, 1:40, 4:25, ITO and
9:55 pm. Stage shows: 1880, $40,
6:25 and 9:1O pm.
MetropOlitan-"Union Pacific" the
cinema saga OF the railroads build
ing: 1920 am, 1:55, 4:30, 7:O5 and
$40 pm.
Columbia - alexander Graham
Bell" love and the invention of the
telephone: 11:15 am, lis, 1925,
$50, TAO and GAS pm.
Palace-"The Hardys Ride High
sixth edition of the popular Hardy
family: II am, los, 3:15, $40, 7:30
and $40 pm.
Moonlight Sonata" with
Paderewski: II am, 100, 4:20, isis
and 10:15 pm. 1.-THE Last Gentle
man." with George Arliss: 1920,
$40, sos and 9 pm.
Trans-Lux- News and shorts
Continuous from 10 am.
Open Air-"Gunga DIM" with
Cary Grant and Joan Fontaine:
Twice nightly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-05-29

Vial dStcI PAL 10 VI llOtillIlS. OOll
care how small or how large they
are, SO long as they have some sub
stance to them.
II made up my mind firmly about
that two years ago and turned down
six straight roles before I got the
chance to do the silly secretary in
Trade Winds After that I waited
another eight months to get the title
part in 'Maisie Was a Lady which
was Immediately followed by a
chance to play another human,
character role in Hotel for Women
If nothing turns up after those, I'll
just sit and wait.
I'm not acting when I say I don't
want to be a star. think the era of
stars is quickly passing. Audiences
want pictures cast completely with
good actors and actresses
Fred Datig Casting director for
M-G-M -" Hollywood has been
called womans town. yet there
are seven places in front of the
CdlllCld III IlCll, COLlPdl Gu " OllC
for a woman. Despite that, there
are 10 times as many women seek
ing screen careers as there are men.
Its comparatively easy to find
good feminine material. but there's
always been a shortage of disable
males, especially for the important
roles. The reason for the over
abundance of women is simple. Wom-
en- don't like to face the prospect of
years of housework. More than ever
before, the average woman wants
to be on her own and for the ro-
mantically inclined the movies are
a natural magnet The male is
more practical and less affected by
glamorous appeal.
There are many young men earn
ing good salaries in various walks
of life who would make excellent
bets in pictures, but they'd ridicule
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-05-29

any suggestion that they try for q
movie career. So there always will
be a shortage of good men in pic
lures"
Stuart Holmes (silent villain, now
minor player and student of as
trology)-"A-R is a lucky combina-
ton of letters for all folks in the
amusement field. Look over your
list and see how many successful
players in the movies have an AR
IN their names. There's Clark
Gable, Mary Pickford and all the
other Marys. Carole Lombard
Charles Boyer and all the other
Charleses, Humphrey Bogart, Daryl
Zanuck, Warner Baxter and ever 50
many others.
"On a call sheet one day noticed
they had abbreviated my name to
Stu Holmes I objected, not be-
cause Of the alcoholic inference
you see, I don't drink-but because
the elimination of the lucky letter
combination plays straight into the
hands of the evil forces. I had
nothing but back luck that day, and
asked the production department
not to repeat that method of desig-
mating me-"
Released by the North American
Newspaper Alliance, Inc)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-05-29

do 1t, she has great acting career
ahead.
Unfortunately, I arrive on the set
too late to hear the following price
less dialogue, which took place i'm
mediately preceding the above scene.
Said Ratoff to Elsa Maxwell (who
plays big part in the picture)-
ELSA, you are sensational When
you remember your lines-no &C
ton. When you remember your &C
tlon-no performance. And when
you give performance-no lines, no
action!"
Babes in Arms" Charles Win
ninger plays Mickey Rooney's reel"
father. He is an old-tim burlesque
performer. Mickey's real father, Joe
Yule, Is currently playing in local
burlesque theater >. Master Mickey
tells me he has snagged a job as
director from Louis B. Mayer, to
start from the day he loses his pop
ularity as film actor (Which won't
be for quite a while).
judy Garland, co-starring with
Rooney, reclines in her dressing
room and discusses the joys of slen-
deriving and personal appearances
(they go together. I'm not &C
tually thinner" Judy tells me. Il
still weigh 1903 pounds. but I've
grown two inches. I'm now five
feet three inches" (She is now
taller than Rooney :. Miss Gar
lands recent personal appearance
tour was enormously successful-in
Cleveland, she was responsible for
drawing slightly more than IS 1000
day to the box Office. Its lot of
fun-except when the fans get too
rough" says Judy, who lost four
hats, was knocked down and had
her ankle twisted on her tour. But
1t shows they like me. doesn't it?"
(Released by the North American
Newspaper Alliance, Inc.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-05-29
Guild Reservations
Set a New Record

With the most successful spring
reservation in its local history under
way the American Theater Society
reports that 1000 members of the
A. T. S.-Theater Guild subscription
season have taken up their options
on the same seat locations for next
year and another 1000 have signed
for the same or improved locations
for the 1939-40 season.
The books now are open to those
who have not been subscribers in the
past for subscription to the series
of six plays to be staged at the Ma
tional Theater next season.
1t is expected that charts show
ing seat locations will be available
to the public in the Office of the
subscription director, Bess Davis
Schreiner, by June 10. The office
on the mezzanine at the National
Theater, is open daily, including
Saturdays, from noon until S pm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-05-29

in "The Women" now in the process
OF being made by NON Her
front yard and swimming pool are
used for that series of Bermuda"
scenes It's asthma that keeps
Robert Donat, hero of Goodbye, Mr..
Chips" from coming to Hollywood to
make pictures :. . He fears the cli-
mate in spite Of the sonnets of the
Chamber of Commerce And any,
how why should he go to Hollywood
when Hollywood will come to Eng
land for him? ). Speaking of Holly
wood, it is about to get into pic
lures :. Twentieth Century-Fox is
making a picture based upon the
history Of the place And Warner
Bros. are making one, or about to,
of what it was like when the motion
picture industry was still located
at Astoria, Hoboken and places like
that :. 1t will be kind of Dodge
City" but will be called "City of the
Angels" =. Even much of the same
cast will be used, Enrol Flynn, Olivia
De Havilland, etc. Script writer's,
examining history for material, find
that 1t was a wild place in a differ
ent way long before the camera
was invented.