davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-05-19
May II.
Mussolini Speech Changes
Foreign Situation.

To the Editor OF The star
Everybody was waiting for Stain to
say something, but it seems that Mus
solini has taken the fore with his no
justtf1cation-forw war" speech. The Duce
caught all of the analysts off guard
and totally unprepared for his compare
lively pacif1stic speech. If Stain had
anything to say he will probably have
to consider Mussolinis words with care
because now the entire situation is
changed. If the removal of Litvinoff
made difference certainly the cautious
way in which Mussolini is reacting in
spite of the pressure on him from Ber-
lin will make even a greater difference.
Germany is now in the hole. Russia
has not as yet definitely pledged her
aid, and Mussolini has had his ve:y
disturbing (to the Nazis) say. Hitle.
is now back on his heels and there ne
should stay. He has dabbled with the
Danzlg issue until he is behind his sched-
ule for the taking of that city, He is
cornered wherever he turns. He can
count on very little support from his
supposedly loyal countries and he must
oacktrack now or face certain disaster
Whatever happens in the future the
present seems to indicate that Stain
Is the man to watch in Europe now.
His decision to remain enigmatic has
all OF the European countries on their
toes. Mussolini is too experienced a
olplomat to toss away anything to
Germany without full returns for his
efforts. Therefore, European develop
ments in the past few weeks definitely
indicate world peace and unprecedented
diplomatic maneuvering for the domi-
nation OF Europe. War Is definitely
out JOSEplJ Apxo
May 16.
Evening star., 1939-05-19
Federal Labor POLICY

The course of recent labor disputes
in the soft coal industry and the cur
rent discussions of suggested amend
ments to the National Labor Rela-
tions Act lend a particular timeliness
to proposals that there be incorporat-
ed into the broad labor policy of the
Federal Government a mediation
statute which would be applicable to
all industrial controversies affecting
interstate commerce.
In considering the merit of such a
proposition it must first be realized
that there is quite general confusion
OF belief as to the statutory rights the
Federal Government already pos
sesseS to intervene in labor disturb
anceS.
IN brief, there are three principal
governmental instrumentalities in
this field, namely, the National Labor
Relations Board, the Cancellation
Service in the Labor Department., and
the National Mediation Board, with
jurisdiction confined to rail and air
transportation.
Now despite the broadly stated pol
icy on which the Labor Relations Act
is predicated, it has become thorough
ly clear that there is nothing in this
law nor was it apparently intended
there should be anything which
would empower the board to impose
its good offices in time of labor dis
pute. This act, in short, was designed
to afford protection to workers in
their exercise of the rights of organi-
zation and collective bargaining If
such exercise, fully protected, is fol-
lowed by strikes or other interrupt
tlonS to commerce it is not the re-
sponsibility nor the privilege of the
labor board to intervene.
In the case of the Cancellation
Service, it does, as its name implies,
have the privilege of such interven-
tion where all parties are willing and
where the Secretary OF Labor deems
it advisable. Operating only under
the general terms of the act creating
the department, the service does not,
however, have any positive duty to
intervene nor is there any statutory
compulSion upon disputants to accept
or even to consider its mediation
suggestions. With this shortage of
authority matched by shortage in
personnel, the record of the Concilia-
ton Service seems all the more re-
markable.
In the Railway Labor Act and it's in
strumentality, the Mediation Board
there does exist, however, model for
more generally applicable media
ton service, conciliatory function
ing of government required in case OF
disagreement between employer and
employe and REINFORCED by safe
guards against precipitate or de-
structive action on the part of either
disputant.
Congress might proftably give
thought to devising modification of
this structure for all labor and
industry.
Evening star., 1939-05-19
A Great Viceroy

That was a notable tribute to Major
General Blanton Winship, which was
paid the other day by Santiago Igle-
sias, Resident Commissioner from
Puerto Rico, in letter to President
Roosevelt on the eve of the an
nouncement that Admiral William D.
Leahy would later in the year sue
ceed to the governorship of the
island.
Such move as General VIM
ships resignation" Senor Iglesias
said, "is unthinkable from the view
point of the needs of Puerto Rico.
Her people are now comforted with
the thought that they have a strong,
capable and honest governor. Never
before has any governor been so
highly respected by the inhabitants
of the whole island"
The Presidents decision to SUD-
plant our able viceroy at San Juan,
after five years of exceptionally eff
tectlve service, is, of course, utterly
devoid of any reflection on General
Wlnship's administration. AS Senior
1nglesias points out, Puerto Rico un-
der Governor Winship's leadership
has enjoyed greater progress than
ever before"
We are thinking of the island at
the moment in terms of strategic
value, but the Resident Commits
sioner aptly reminds us of the in
ternal and civilian problems of Puerto
Rico At best, the economic posi-
bilities of our easternmost insular
outpost are limited. It's staple indus
tries, coffee, sugar, tobacco, fruit and
sea island cotton, face bitter compe-
tition at the hands of the other and
more happily circumstanced Ameri-
cas-. That, since 1884, under the VIM
ship regime, Puerto Ricans have
something more than held their
own in the United States and other
markets, speaks volumes for the wis
dom of the retiring governors stew
ardship.
The Leahy successorship denotes
that Washington lays paramount
stress on the military and naval i'm
portance Of Puerto Rico as a link in
the Caribbean defense system. But
the island presents economic and
humanitarian problems, which de-
serve the Federal governments abid-
ing solicitude They have never
failed to enlist General Winship's in
terest. Admiral Leahy, it is to be ex-
pected, while having military and
naval problems primarily in mind
will not fail to emulate his prede-
cessor in devoting the necessary at
tention to Puerto Rico's purely
civilian needs.
Evening star., 1939-05-19

birds and humans are greatly alike.
Birds are not only great travellers, the
first real travellers, but they long ago
devised the method which only a few
humans, comparatively speaking, are eco
nomically able to put into effect, that Of
having southern home and a winter
home.
When the north grows too cool for
them, they fly south, and are at home
in the air of Florida, Central and South
Americas.
When the air there grows too hot, the
birds fly north again, and that is our
gain, as well as theirs.
Quite the largest gain of all is the
wood thrush, which sums up in his
or her personality, physical and intel
lectual, all the finest qualities of bird
life.
Here is one bird which, if we had
no other, still would give us the beauty,
the song, the interest and the inspira-
ton of the bird world.
Let no one think that we cannot gain
great deal from all phases of the life
OF bird of the better type CYes, there
are birds,,and birds) They are inte.-
llgent within their plain limitations.
They compel admiration from all who
appreciate beauty. Not all doD They
show how it is possible to live in the
world and make the best of it without
whining.
The wood thrush adds a peculiar
fearlessness in its relation with man
kind which sets it apart from most of
the wildbirds.
This Is a mystery, too, because the
bird got its common name from the
TACT that it was resident of the forest.
Today 1t is yard bird, preferring
the houses and gardens of man.
Its cousin, the hermit thrush, still
sticks to the woods. The yeery. an
other relation, sometimes comes to the
cultivated tracts, but in no such num-
hers as the wood thrush.
xx
The thrush which decides to live in
your suburban community is not afraid
of you
He will plod around in quiet beauty
beneath shrubbery, looking for worms
and grubs, thus helping you have a
good garden, while you are within a
few feet of him
He Will even march placidly by your
side as YOU are moving the grass.
He will give you, in the early morn
ing and at twilight, as beautiful a COLI
cert as it is possible to hear.
For heavens sake, turn off your radio.
and listen to him, for while.
This is natures music at its best.
AS long as men listen to this, they are
safe
Evening star., 1939-05-19

needy children of the world such as
the Chinese, Spanish, and other refugee
children. Furthermore, to let it be
known that we are willing to accept
refugees is an invitation to other coun-
tries to send us all we will take. In
early days it was not uncommon to
empty the jails by putting prisoners on
board ship and sending them to America,
Our State Department extended
American assistance in solving the refu-
gee problem on condition that no coun-
try would be expected to admit anv
immigrants that could not be admitted
under existing immigration laws. We
should adhere to that policy. As
matter Of fact, all immigration should
be stopped for period of at least 10
years. R. D. WILSON.
Nav Is.
Evening star., 1939-05-19
Shooting Stars
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON

Close Quarters.
1t Is joyous thing to dwell
Within a modern fiat.
Because It's never hard to tell
What every one is at.
When only classic gems are played
You know that guests are there,
In family parties undismayed
They have a swing-time air.
And when a creaking sound is heard
OF castors overhead,
Some furniture is being stirred
A wardrobe or a bed.
At morn you know the sun is high,
Since childish sports enthuse;
At night you know they're sleepy by
The dropping of the shoes.
A palace as my habitat
Would seem like loneliness.
I'd rather have my chummy fiat,
Besides its cost is less.
Evening star., 1939-05-19

poses. Even when the skies were
darkened he kept his faith unspoiled,
retained his optimism undiminished.
Long illness did not stay his hand;
only the final summons called him
away.
The Star mourns Mr.. Johnson as a
colleague during more than forty
seven years. Successfully news and
feature writer, dramatic editor, con-
tributor Of short paragraphs and
Shooting Stars" in prose and verse
to the editorial page, he leaves a
monument In the files and in the
hearts of the members of The Star
family.
Evening star., 1939-05-19
PhiIunder johnson

Philander Johnson was a survivor
of the old school of American humor-
lists which included Mark Twain,
Eugene Field and James Whitcomb
Riley. The professional wits and
bards of today are of a different
genus.
Intelligence, keen yet not unkind,
and imagination were Mr.. Johnsons
natural qualifications. Yet they were
not his only. endowment. He was a
philosopher and wit in his daily
verse and on special occasions gave
evidence of the inspiration of the
true poet. He also was an excellent
craftsman in letters; his work was
disciplined and controlled by his
sympathies and by certain COM
pelling anxiety for perfection. Each
line of his manuscript was scru-
pulously neat because he wished
it so to be; his penmanship was that
of an artist who loves chirography
for its own sake. Trained as a re-
porter, he remained always a devotee
of accuracy. His search throughout
his whole career was for the right
word for the right thought.
OF course, he was intimately
acquainted with life, a prodigious
reader of the news of the world a
skilled observer of human wisdom
and human folly. Literary express
sion, to him, was as normal an exer-
else as seeing or hearing. He was
far less "a fellow of infinite Jest"
than a philosophic commentator on
all that was whimsical in the passing
scene. His pen was sharp, but-let
it be repeated-not uncharitable.
The masks he invented for his teach
ing-Senator Sorghum, Farmer Corn
tossel, Uncle Eben and the rest-were
a congenial company; his readers
developed an affection for them as
we'll as for their sponsor.
Any appraisal of his achievement
must take into account the fact that
Mr.. Johnson was distinctively an
American, proud and happy to be a
product Of a democratic civilization
and eager to serve its noblest pur-
Evening star., 1939-05-19

IL.
To the Editor Of The Star:
The letter of Mr.. William Mann in
The Star, May Is, ably presents the
arguments in favor of admitting 10000
refugee children from one particular
country. His arguments are: Cd That
We are all immigrants and therefore
should not exclude others, and CO That
humanitarian considerations should i'm
pei us to admit these refugees.
Any one should know that the fact
that we are children of immigrants
cannot be sufficient reason for admit
ting others. He who first obtains DOS
session of country has a prior right
thereto. When Oklahoma, for example,
vas opened up to settlement, the SQUAT
ters who first staked out their claims,
acquired title. We cannot allow our
selves to be displaced therefore by an
influx of new immigrants.
AS to the humanitarian plea, this, too
has its limitations. Charity should begin
at home and no one will contend that
there are not many times 10000 Amer
lean children who are being neglected
Moreover, it is utterly impossible for
the United States to look after the
Evening star., 1939-05-19
FLORENCE A. CARPENTER.
Comments on Frequency
OF Equine Twins.

VI lWHuS.
To the Editor of The Star:
I note in the sports section Of The
Star for Wednesday, May 10, a picture,
Associated Press Wirephoto, with the
caption, Equine Rarity-Said to be as
infrequent in horsedom as are quad
ruplets among humans, these twin fillies
:. etc"
am not familiar with the exact fire.
quency of quadruplets in humans though
I have seen figures which state the
frequency of twins at 198 and that of
triplets as in 5000 A recent magazine
article referring to the Keys of Texas
states that there are only three sets of
living quadruplets in the United States.
AS a very conservative estimate let
us assume that the chances then are
one in million
Now for the horses. The American
Stud Book listed 1923 registered thor
cughbred foals in 1886. Seven of the
mares producing these were listed as
having had twins; in five cases one of
the twins died, the other being regis
tered; Ia the other two cases both were
Evening star., 1939-05-19
COmmends Star on
News of w. p. A.

To the Editor of The Star:
Your paper is to be commended for
items on w. P. A. in which the reader
can see the waste. Here is a New Deal
agency squandering taxpayers money
The so-called work" gradually being
absorbed by the Communists Our local
representatives in the Legislature say
not word while this State pays the
Feoeral Government goodly sum. OF
course they are only puppets, consider
Ing only votes, knowing those who re-
ceive outnumber those who pay.
The w. P. A. exhibit and shows" at
the New York Fair are disgrace, where
Leninism" tops the bill.
GEORGE w. KYLE.
Piedmont, w. Va.
May 16.
Evening star., 1939-05-19
Jewry Resists

1t Is not apparent at this time
what Zionists or sympathizing world
Jewry can do to avert threatened
destruction of Theodor Herzls
dream of a national homeland in
Palestine. But early reaction to the
British White Paper in Jewish quar-
ters throughout Europe and America
clearly indicates that it is not pro-
posed to accept without protest the
plan to turn the Holy Land into an
Arab state by 1914 and meantime
limit Jewish immigration to $4,000 a
year.
What irks Zionists even more than
the arbitrary restriction thus placed
upon Palestine as haven of refuge
Is Britain's program at the end of
five years to freeze the Jewish ele-
ment at approximately one-third of
the country's total population, un-
less Arabs agree to a further influx
AS evidence of the inSufficiency of
this quota, bitterly assailed by Jewish
tional Ghetto, they contend that the
"absorptive capacity" of Palestine,
the stated criterion whereby Jewish
immigration should be determined
Is 100000 Jews year, or nearly seven
times the number Britain proposes to
sanction between now and 1914.
AS the United States had an i'm
portant part in shaping the Balfour
Declaration and the League Man.
date, which gives Britain the over
lordShip of Palestine, Washington is
naturally the scene of concern over
the new crisis in Zionism. Secretary
Hull was yesterday asked by the
Zionist Organization of America to
prevent the unilateral abrogation of
the American Palestine Mandate
Convention of 1924 Former Justice
BrandeiS, the worlds foremost expo
nent of the Jewish national home
IDEAL and who for twenty years has
Dent it unremitting moral and mate
tial support, is deeply moved" by
Britalns action. AS profound up
holder of the sanctity of covenanted
obligations, it must grieve a man Of
MIR. Brandeis' rugged conception Of
right and justice, apart from his
Identification with the Palestinean
cause, to see international political
exigencies made a pretext for con-
demning to death a great and sue
cesSful humanitarian undertaking.
Justice BrandeiS is justified in
wondering what the world proposes
to do with the Jews for whom exile
Is enforced Unless civilization has
so reverted to primitivism as to wish
the destruction of shelterless Jews"
the former Supreme Court jurist
says, sit must encourage the proved
medium to solve in great measure
the problem Of Jewish homelesSness."
Palestine has indeed been proved"
within the brief span of twenty years
to be the answer to Jewish oppres-
sion. Nearly half million of the
people of Israel are settled in the
ancient land of their fathers. They
found it desert and turned it into
a fourishing economic area under
conditions comparable only to those
which faced the Colonial pioneers
sf America. For Great Britain to
sentence Zionism to slow strangu-
lation at this supreme hour of
Israels travail is indeed a tragic de-
velopment for those who have en-
deavored to establish Jewish home
IN Palestine.
Evening star., 1939-05-19
Georgetown University
Head Thanks Star.

To the Editor Of The Star:
I want to express to you and to the
members of your staff our sincere graft
tude for the Georgetown section which
appeared in last Sundays rotogravUrh
supplement of The Star The whole
makeup of the two pages was splen-
Gid, and we feel that there was a nice
balance between the old and the new
Let me express to you at this tina
our sincere appreciation for the fine
cooperation which The Star has shown
us at all times in our efforts to expand
the public service rendered by George
town University.
ARTHUR A. OLEARY. S.J.,
President
Nav IL
Evening star., 1939-05-19

While there would be little sport
in it, no more sure-fire way to kill"
a trout or salmon could be devised
than to let such glimpse a feminine
angler in bug season logged out
along the lines of the advertisements.
Evening star., 1939-05-19
Favorite Topic.

Soon we'll bemoan our mortal lot.
The story's very old;
Well merely say that it's too hot
When once we said too cold.
Evening star., 1939-05-19
Secretive.

Secretive.
Does your husband tell you every
thing he knows?" asked one woman.
Il should hope not" answered the
other. HE has been Juror in several
sensational trials"
Evening star., 1939-05-19

!. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to
the use for republication of all news dispatches
credited to it not otherwise credited in this
paper and also the local news published herein
All rights Of publication of special dispatches
herein also reserved
Evening star., 1939-05-19
Continuous Draft
Cycle FOreseen.

Cycle Foreseen.
To the Editor of The Star:
In the last war Congress drafted the
taxpayer into the Army; they are now
considering bill whereby, in the next
war, they will draft the taxpayers pock-
etbook. Some folks say that after the
next war the taxpayers are going to
declare war and draft the politicians into
the Army, then we will have one con-
tinuous war-drafting politicians.
L. E. TRACY.
Richmond. Ind.
May Il.
Evening star., 1939-05-19
Member of the Associated Press

Entered as second class matter post office,
WASHINGTON, D. c.
Evening star., 1939-05-19
Hard to Avoid.

HaTU 70 AVO10.
"You are constantly seen in bad COM
pany," said the Chicago magistrate.
yes" answered the brazen offender
1--WE been told even the officer who
brought me here is regarded with whole
lot of suspicion"
Evening star., 1939-05-19

"Se-me folks is allus talkin' bout bein'
punctual," said Uncle Eben, II doan see
nuthin' to it; dats de way took dis cold
leavin' off my long underwear"
Evening star., 1939-05-19
Credit to Home Economics
Bureau Protested.

To the Editor of The Star:
On the Womans Page of The Star
OF May II prominence was given 10
the recently completed gigantic task ,
of measuring children throughout the
country for the purpose of obtaining
basis for a more satisfactory method
OF designating size in children's clothing.
Your writer eulogiZes the work as
a valuable service to manufacturers.
merchants and mothers and gives the
entire credit to the Bureau of Home
Economics of the Department of Apr1-
culture. Nowhere in a column-lony
article is mention made of the fact
that this was Federal Works PROGRESS
Administration project.
Last summer chance brought me into
contact with women working on this
project at the old Fisheries Building
and 1 would like to say that if ali per-
sons doing more important tasks in
Government and in business showed
the enthusiasm for their work and the
eager interest in its objectives which
these relief workers showed in their
talks with me, the country would be
further along than it is on the road to
prosperity.
FLORENCE A. CARPENTER.
May Is.
EDITORS NOTE:
Although the study OF children's
measurements 1Dds made Uith
w. P. A. funds. the project 1Uas
conceiDed and all of the ,Uork done
by employees OF the Bureau of
Home Economics, according to
officials of that nOencU
Evening star., 1939-05-19

THAT oil and water will not mix may
be true in chemistry" said Hi Ho, the
sage of Chinatown, "but it doesn't hold
good in the stock market"
Evening star., 1939-05-19
Purpose of the Occasion.

How were you impressed by our dis
tinguished guests speech?"
Il hadn't thought about forming i'm
pressions,' replied Senator Sorghum. "As
I understand such an occasion, we were
not there to criticise, but to give three
cheers and sing the Star Spangled Ban
ner.'"
Evening star., 1939-05-19

(Thts column tDas prepared for
publication by Mr.. Johnson before
he Uas stricken Nth pneun.ontu.)
Evening star., 1939-05-19
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
Dear the name and address OF
the 1ortter, although the use OF
a pSeudonyn1 for publication is
permissible. Please be briet!
Evening star., 1939-05-19

Rate by Mail-Payable In Advance
Maryland and virginia
Evening star., 1939-05-19

The evening Star Newspaper Company
Main once: 11th st. and Pennsylvania Ave.
New York ONCE: 110 East 42nd st.
Chicago once: 435 North Michigan Ave.
Evening star., 1939-05-19
- NIght FIhH1
Night Final and Sunday Star---T5c per mont
NiPht Final Star GNc mnnt

Collection made at the end Of each month or
each week Orders may be sent by mail or tee-
phone National 5000.
Evening star., 1939-05-19

All Other States and Canada
Evening star., 1939-05-19
Delivered by Carrier-City and Suburban
REGULAR Edition

Evening and Sunday Csc per mo. or Sc per week
The Evening Star---45c per mo. or 10c per week
The Sunday -----------5c SC per copy
Evening star., 1939-05-19

O. What is the term used in England
for general delivery mail?-N. B.
A. Poste restante.
Evening star., 1939-05-19

G. How much money is distributed by
foundations in this country?-T. j. D.
A. According to survey made by
Raymond Rich Associates, American
foundations now grant an annual total
of s38, 100000.
Evening star., 1939-05-19

@. What is the composition of meer-
schaum?-L. E. R.
A. Meerschaum consists of the follow
ing parts: Magnesia, 4o.25; gravel soil,
As; carbonic acid and water, 1015; and
very fine porous clay, 460.
Evening star., 1939-05-19
Discusses German
Refugee Children.

May 16.
Evening star., 1939-05-19

@. Where was bentonite discovered7-
H. L. c.
A. The mineral was first found in
Fort Benton, Wyo.