davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hagerstown globe. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1936-1943, 1939-09-29

Very dry conditions are pre-
vailing over a pertty wide expanse
of the country. The Potomac
river is lowed than it has been in
10 years. Small streams in the
county are practically dried up.
The Hagerstown globe. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1936-1943, 1939-09-29
SHIFFLER FARM SOLD

The farm of the late Emmert
Shiffler, near Mapleville, contain
ing 100 acres, was recently sold by
his widow The farm was purch-
ased by Albert Willhide at a bid
of $500.
The Hagerstown globe. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1936-1943, 1939-09-29

The new Baltimore Conference
of the Methodist Church will meet
in the First Church, Baltimore,
October 5 and g.
The Hagerstown globe. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1936-1943, 1939-09-29

Annual Methodist Day" will be
observed at the Strawbridge Home
for Boys, Eldersburg, Md, Satur-
day, September 80.
Walter Albright, 10, of Baltimore
was knocked out of truck by a
bolt Of liehning which reNdar"d
him unconscious, ubt shortly re-
covered. The hat he was wearing
was torn to shreds.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-09-19
GERMANS LEAVE
BELGIUM FRONT

LONDON - British and French
circles today professed concern
about reported German military
activities near the frontiers of Bel
GUM and the Netherlands.
Unofficial allied sources said
they had received reports that the
Aachen lAix la Chapelle) district,
only a few miles from the Belgian
frontie, was being evacuated by
German civilians.
Aachen il q short distance
from Eupen, which Germany
surrendered to Belgium after
the World war and Is In q d.
rect line with Liege, the route
taken by Germany In the 1914
invasion of Belgium.
I'm Paris, similar concern was
expressed about the Aachen evac-
uation. French sources also re-
ported that part of the German
forces being recalled from Poland
to the western front were being
concentrated within striking dis
lance" of the Belgian and Dutch
frontiers.
Germany, however, has pledged
to observe neutrality of both of
the small nations if they maintain
9 neutral position.l
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-09-19
6,434 at Fair on Opener;
Wednesday, Is Tacoma Day

State officialdom. headed by
Gov. Clarence d. Martin. other
olympsans and Southwest Wash
lngton people added their numbers
At the Western Washington fair In
Puyailup Tuesday afternoon IN an
effort to better opening day at
tendance Monday. which totaled
26.43s persons.
Fair officials hailed that num-
Der a. an suspicious start for the
10th annual fair week.
Tuesday was Governors day.
Capital. Southwest Washington.
Yakima Valley and kittitas Valley
day. Scheduled to arrive at the
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-09-19

fairgrounds IN une for lunch and
the afisrneon grandstand show.
besides the governor, wure Harry
Huse. state patrol chief: Charles
Johns. executive secretary of The
Washington state Progress oom-
mission. many other weil-known
state officials. and prominent resi-
ssuts from eAst Of ths mountains.
Wednesday viii be Tacoma day
at the fair. Local schools viii
not open The city hall win close
at noon. A skeleton crew viii work
after 10 n. m. at the courthouse.
An openoing day precedent was
set when the weil-baianced and
action-laden grandstand show fin
ished IL minutes ahead OF sched-
uled time. A. e. Bartel. secretary
Continued on Page 2. Column 81
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-09-19
PROTESTS
DEATHSBY AIR
Asks Hitler to Make
Good Promise to
Spare Citizens

WASHINGT0N-President
Roosevelt indirectly called on
Adolf Hitler Tuesday to make
good his pledge to refrain
from bombing civilian popula-
tons.
In a telegram to Ignace Mos
cicki, president OF Poland. Mr..
Roosevelt indicated a belief that
the German air force had killed
and wounded thousands of Polish
civilians.
The telegram was dispatched to
Mosciclxi through the ambassador
to Poland. Anthony J. Drexel Bid
die. II was not conveyed to Hitler
through diplomatic channels. but
was given wide publicity because
copies were sent to American Dip
lomats throughout the world.
The presi dents message
was made public after the
state department had indi-
Gated that IL would maintain
official contact with the refu-
gee Polish government and
refuse 10 recognize the con-
quest of Poland.
On Sept. la few hours after
the German army began its inva-
sion of Poland-Mr. Roosevelt APP
pealed to all belligerents to con-
fine aerial bombardments to
military detectives.
Saws Attacks Deliberate
Monday night the president
made public a telegram from Mos
cicki in which the latter charged
that for some days past German
aircraft have deliberately and me-
thodically been bombing Polish
towns and villages which contain
no conceivable military detectives.
Moscich reported that among the
civil population there are thou
sands Of dead and wounded.
Replying to the Polish president,
Mr.. Roosevelt said he had hoped
that after the pledges Of the bel
ueerents "the world would be
spared the horror of witnessing
during this war the bombing oil
open towns and villages and the
slaughtering of thousands OF inno-
cent and defenseless men, women
and children"
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-09-19
BASE BALL
AMERICAN LEAGUE

AMERICAN LEAGUE
Detroit. -. 500 900 02s--S Is .
Philadelphia 900 900 400 3 o
Newsom, Thomas % and Teb-
belts. York; Potter and Hayes.
AMERICAN LEAGUE
Chicago =. 900 900 20o-2 1
New York 100 $50 02x--s ! .
Smith. Rigney (7) and fresh;
Hilderbrand and Rosar.
ST. Louis 900 01o oI0-7 0 .
Boston =. 900 ITO 40x--6 IL .
Trotter. Gin % and Harshany;
Wilson and Desautels.
NATIONAL LEAGUE
Boston -. 102 900 000-s II 1
Pittsburgh :. $50 020 00a--5 . Q
Turner and Lopez. Masi;
Butcher, Sewell go and Susce.
New York :. 010 900 Ol0-2 IL .
Chicago -. 900 002 l0x-s 0
Gumbert and banning; French,
Root 49, and Mancuso.
Philadelphia $40 040 OBS Is o
Cincinnati. 900 900 01o-- 6 5
Higbe and Warren; Wander
Nicer, Niggeling u. johnson t5).
and lombard, Hershberger.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-09-19
CAL. HEAT IS
FATAL TO four

LOS ANGELES --- The official
temperature In downtown Los An
geles at 1890 a. m. today was 101
degrees, with street temperatures
running from five TO six degrees
higher. Light ocean breezes began
blowing and they were expected TO
hold today's temperature below
Mondays high at 103 degrees.
Authorities ordered the schools
closed, water curtailed, and rushed
corps OF fire fighters into finder
dry mountain areas.
-Four persons were dead from
heat prostration In the immediate
vicinity Of Los Angeles. Scores
were treated in emergency hos
pitfalls for the effects Of the heat.
Damage TO vine crops. such as
tomatoes and cantaloupes, was es-
timated to exceed $1,000. 900.
Film studios sent their stars and
extras home because 1t was too
hot TO work on any but air-con-
ditioned sound stages.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-09-19
LIBEL ACTION
IS RE-OPENED

SEATTLE-State Sen. Joseph ID.
Roberts $500, 900 libel suit naming
sponsors of recall petition
against him resumed its court trial
today after sudden appearance
Monday of a fellow-solon in his
defense.
Sen. Joseph Drumheller. spo-
kane. heatedly denied in superior
court he had ever agreed during
the 1888 legislative session to
trade votes with the Seattle SEN
ator.
The recall petition charged Rob-
erts agreed to vote for several
relief bills in consideration for
other senator's votes on measure
he favored. Among those cited
was Dramheller.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-09-19
sOv|ETsENTER
CITY Of wilma
Infantry Follows Up
Strong Tank Units
as Poles Flee

KOVN0, Lithuania--Soviet
Russian infantry today enter
ed the city of Wilma, in Poland
near the Lithuanian frontier,
dispatches received here said.
The infantry attachments fol-
lowed strong tank units which ar
rived late Monday night. Most OF
the Polish defenders OF Wilma we're
reported TO have left the city before
the Russians arrived.
Gunfire, dispatches said, rang
through wilma throughout the night
until the main body OF Russian
troops arrived this morning.
The first Polish army
refugees, tofaliing from 5000
TO 10000 men crossed the
Lithuanian frontier during the
night. They included infantry
and motorized units.
Many were suffering from cold.
They had retreated In a driving
rain.
Riga. Latvia, dispatches report
ed that 81 Polish war planes, most
of them from the military aviation
school at Wilma, had crossed into
Latvian territory, where they were
interned.
The influx of Polish army
refugees increased and 1t WAS esti-
mated that more than $4,000 had
crossed into Lithuania. Thirty
thousand crossed in a body at
Weyes. They were disarmed and
interned.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-09-19
nAzI ATTACK
EPDlsED ~
French l|l|y
Enemy Stages Nigh
Bosnharduu.snl Near
Saar, Germans Uee
New Naval Cuuss

rr~.~h tvvx..,~ hnxe =.
-. 1850. -
~
re<leu W Navy ulsky
pr~parati0n from the German
a. ~>.~. a. a. os.~evt~k M
8
f0rta. u WA u1DQeshtoou lu
dav.
~, sammun.~us Ne. a = -
49, $1,000 80 49,.
.r..---.. $3.50 -.
- =
| seoten 60 - - noaA -
sesaes wns soou1uofss
pr-v.n... s.u.u,,.s.,.,. ~ 80
- ,...~v fs-S,v,er .s1sllsvv -.
s...sss.~.,. 80 4 - lsasesfen
,h.s N. si.rr.n. h.a me- ~ -
n,.s s.rs nsw 1ex $3.50 navnt
guns. snoslntsd A ~ rntlrund fIae
ears. which hed heen hrou0ht ~
10 positinus hehind IN nlogfv1ed
I'M o. west wan.
- $3.50 $780,
.-~.-,s~< . S-..-.s1a - r11r1r1oes
= ~ - ~~sss~~sr.-1 n, a
,~.x-.s~ew q rsv~eo'
n.aees = rev1ew ~ pell1lee-
military sl6nn61eu = ~ 49,
a. n1ruanse tnoevvnao1sn =
psaa~A. Pruuanset Alnsss L.
bvvsn w1nD sessl1e.
$1,000. !. .>.~s rsss.s.,
.,...~~~- 1890 "a, sAr.s - IN.
80. - ...srns..I ,~.ss,r~ ,cwsrn
s.~... sn.,....~ rsrsnrrs,as 49,
s.e-- .s,n - .rd strtvs q
s.,. r..... "a n1s,rsnx -
1919. - 80 !. ~-nns.r.~.
- s.s.. ~s..s~- 49,
..- es.,s.-ss. .cs..,st., go
InXWnMM 0IUI0fHMIID MUEIVJXX WMW
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-09-19

MAksns sAs first patalx J<<s.
nsasx~<n~ns rsnrs his Izsv<lo-
ussssan r<ns Mari sssufss sasx.
lnr into ralsnd ~ s~ps |. the
s.<rHn1n rk4ne<Ilnr said The
rearh and Russia ~Eil er~Aie 4
siIaAslan which ~iIl ~FriiesS~
ssn<ssn in ~axssrn kaFu4~.
= w~ns - v~s<z<v ~aswel sanss.
sts~<~ sfs<s .~sA \ h~ss -
~&s sss~. ss&aHss ssssss rs~m<s -
tnstsaA
~. ut6ln n sp~mupn - -
~ pse~~ t1satps1s sgpp~A go
seevse1 ~ tnssse - > wos ~
rs1p~ooa1 sse~s - h~ssua
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-09-19
European
Uar Briefs

MOSCOW .sarlrfs an
nouues Red ealumns ap-
yyaaeh,no y.fnu !. nsxfk.
...t.~. a. . ...,..e i. ....sk-
-.- n.,, D..-...-.
s.sss s
AIDE IL wafsrs Of rerfssw
baltic states: aiispes rs
fhonsan authorities aided
oa< IA ssssrnnx
.. " =. CT, prepare. s's,rs ssm ,s
wsiupms and snpeess isupostxnt
speech. possibly farshsv sxplAip-
Ing German ana RasstAn sins
" Poland. .~~r~~~~~ -
roxnos, oe,..,s,sv <..ra..6
-, ss,~s $1,000. -, Co.
ms. sutsnssis~s, - ss~k sssusI
mss~.as sv~m Airesass easssss
CoarAxess. asw - ~ tssi
prinss unisissss y asA,As impsvs-
Aas saaisassss ~ nss.ssa. y esss-
mons sesnevsswi rs,s.s sesess-
mont .esa.sess esses'ss |"
IN =" '.
wAHM IN0TON, Roos~x~lt
telegraphs Moscicki. indirectly
calling upon Httbef 70 make good
-, ,I.d.. - ,.s~..a tvn,n hor,t,.
-. .,.s,... .s..-...,-,.<..
PARIS. French yeDulAe
Ceruou oftnrks aasf NJ 2nnx
~ens., ,f,ev Lao,u ovy,iJe,..,
II uau.L ..'a
fers assert Poles sfli hold
Binivsfok, both banks Of
Bu0 ripcy at Bvesf-LlfO
hiiIs bef,geen Lember0 and
E,ze,u,,sI md line fvo,n
Tad- - pase. pres,denf
sS.I, .ss..a. -.a.1,.na
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-09-19
Report Furness
Line Ship Sunk

LONDON-The Exchange Tele-
graph reported today that the
4,600-ton Furness line ship Ayue-
more had been sunk by sub
marine. The agency said there
were IL survivors.
Lloyd's register lists a 4,060-ton
Aviemore with Liverpool its port
Of registry. The vessel is owned
by Johnston Warren Lines, Ltd,
and managed by Furness, Witty
and Co. Lloyd,s lists no ship by
the name Of Ayuemore.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-09-19

.~-~
-. =. =
~< 1.- -. "a. . 111sS
.S ..s...,.s.... a.. '...:..,.':< ,'...''.
-s..... :.... 49, .'...... .s,7 - - 49,
~ ~ s'... ~. ....... s''.. p. 49,: ~; s
49,. - !. ...7s'''s.
- 49, -. .'...'.''-. -. -
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-09-19
POLES ACCUSED
Of HIDING SUBS

MOsCOW--Russia charged to-
day that Polish submarines, and
submarines OF other unnamed coun-
tries, were hiding In the ports Of
Baltic states with the conniyance
of certain government authorities.
II was charged further that a
Polish submarine escaped" from
the port Of Tallinn. Esthonia. one
of Russias little neigbbors on the
Gulf of Finland. possibly by agree
ment with Esthonian authorities.
Russia, 1t was said, was taking
measures against any action by
submarines hiding" In Baltic
waters.
An official Tass agency commu-
niQue, outlining this new feature
OF operations, was as follows:
"As reported from Lenin-
grad ION the Finnish gulf
about go miles east of Tall
I'M. according to reliable In
formation Polish submarines
are hiding in ports Of the Bal
tic and find there covert sup
port on the part Of certain
government personages.
According to information avail
able, besides Polish submarines,
also submarines Of certain other
states are hiding In those ports.
Eighteenth September a Polish
submarine previously interned in
Tailinn, port of Esthonia, escaped
and disappeared In an unknown
direction.
This Is believed to be case OF
allotment on the part Of Esthonian
authorities"
---------------------
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-09-19
IllzIs ADMIT
WARSAW has
not FALLEN
Game Polish Army.
Despite Rsvsvses.
Still IN Command Of
Capital City


The army hlsA command
announced Tuesday that the
Poles w~v ssllI defending
Warsaw in the 18th day ~ .
devastating siege. but claimed
that the breakup Of sur.
rounded Polish army groups
IL proceeding RAPIDLY.
~rhs battle aa shs nn.s~ go
miles west ~ w.sxs~. nassh ~
I,easl ended with so.fpe iaas~1
sassa psasnsss ans uommaasaas
said. TAe German. called 90
i~m.~rs sls~owl. ehi<f city Il
shs southeast. 10 sufreBssx. Ten
Thousand roles ~~ss taken rsssaa.
srs when a smaller army group
was destroyed northwest Il Lem
berg
TIA nse~ns tAas WITH ~
tbeaf rvscrpra. In lsute~ wese
ssIli In cesssnana u Warsaw.
ssr>s isrsrss essys lrws1ssk.
third largest tpsps,lnatse si1.-
0eo). as~ Nd s~iy wsw tees
atsleaeea frssn the srea ~
lseds. she ssesna largest
tsas. 0oeD.
The Polish army had been b.
reft Of lie Tovernments which fisd
10 Rumanis. and In commanders
in-chi~f. Marshal Edward nmykiy-
nydx WIN foiioupea NJ osvern-
fnent. but u was holding several
sectors. including Warsaw II days
after German motorized troops
crashed into the suburbs.
MAKO Historic slaaa
wareawis defenders were max
ing an historic stand. Tho city had
been bombed from the air almost
every da, for two weeks, some
times by AZ many NJ 10 planes
at once. The suburbs. especially
Praga. were In ruins. II had driven
the Germans out Of the suburbs
several times In hand-to-hand
fighting. The Germans. prema-
turely. had announced the occu-
patton of the city 10 days ago.
then had protested that civilians
had taken up arms and turned the
city into battle-ground.
Sunday night the Germans asked
Warsaw to esend negotiators out
TO the front lines to arrange for
the evacuation Of civilians ana
foreign diplomats before German
artillery was turned on the city,
but II was announced that no ne
gotiators had appeared. Yester-
day 1t was announced that fighting
around Warsaw proceeded, but no
mention was made Of whether tne
German artillery WAS taking part.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-09-19
LIGH T

WASHINGTON - The un-
predictable Hitler will soon
stage a psychological thanking
movement against Great Bri-
tain and France if he lives up
to the private predictions OF
diplomatic observers here and
abroad. Now that he has con-
auered Poland, he will ask the
world in a naive tone: Whats
all the shooting about?" and
present program for "practi-
cal peace"
His terms are expected to m
cl,,de guarantee of recognition OF
a Polish state minus Danzig and
the Corridor, together with sugar
coated proposals for a European
conference to settle questions OF
colonies. raw materials and long
time disarmament. He may en-
counter a rejection, propaoiy
counts on it. but such a move
might convince his saddened peo-
nile that the allies are the real
aggressors. It might also dampen
whatever stubborn ardor the Brit
ish and French peoples have for
a short or long war.
Nobody here dares to hazard a
guess on the outcome of such a
gesture. although Washington Is
deeply puzzled and worried over
the comparative absence of large
scale military operations and a
war-like spirit among the bellig-
erents. Everybody except few
fire-eaters is holding his breath
and his punches.
In asking congress to revise lne
neutrality act, President Roosevelt
may be heading for as tragic ana
historic a conflict as WOODROW
Wilson faced when he demanded
American adherence TO the League
Covenant and the Versailles treaty.
Early expectations of an overnight
triumph for the White House have
been discounted with the passage
of the first wave of hysteria.
Domestic sentiment against U. s.
involvement will probably incline
CONTINUED ON Page 6. Column ~
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-09-19
More SURVIVORS
LeaUe For u. s.

GLAsGO w. The American
steamship orizaba sailed today
with homeward-bound Americans,
including about 100 survivors Of
the torpedoed liner Athena.
The Orizaba, without convoy,
had U. 8. flags painted on her
sides and viii be flood-lighted at
night.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-09-19
BRITONs AND
French PLAN
new TACTICS
Stuns by Sinking Of
Airplane Carrier,
Nations Join Hands
to Strike at Foe
fnttaErf>S1


nFRII>-TA< s.~fsa1s high
sesnsnMn4 snneunr~d tstss fhns
sh~ I-host which .Ank the Bsss-
f.A sirpiane CARRIER Courageous
h.A repers~s ~ sttark. thus
iaasessiax thai n had ~>rAp~a
ih~ aepsh houshs Hrfsish De-
stroser. dropp~d In an effort %
destroy u.
LONDON - Known survivors
from the sorpesieed aircraft car
rsrr Courageous nos total 6si.
.h. ministry of information am
nonncrd today.
Officers and nsen aboard the
Courageous when u Was tor
pedeed fetal ESQ
That left SO missing.
LONDON - British royal
air force squadrons, operating
from a special coastal COM
mand, have attacked many
German submarines and have
sunk some of them, 1t was
asserted officially today.
As additional survivors Of the
~ .5o0-ton aircraft carrier Coura-
reous. sunk by U-boat. were
awaited in port today. the minis
try of information made IT known
that in addition to warships and
their aircraft operating against
submarines, the coastal command
planes were engaged on a merci-
less hunt for the undersea raiders.
Further. the Daily Herald re-
ported that the Courageous. which
went down while carrying about
/ 200 men. of whom 43s had been
landed Yesterday. had itself. with
It's destroyer escort. sunk several
submarines.
THE French high command,
In its official war communi-
que last night. said: .our nav
nj forces successfully attacked
an enemy submarine
IL was disclosed also that Brit
ish submarine hunting airpianes
had met German planes in two en-
counters and had emerged without
casualties.
The admiralty, through the IN
formation ministry, issued first
CONTINUED on Page 2, Column -
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-09-19
WAGES UP 10 PCT.
IN BRASS INDUSTRY

WAT ERB u RI, The
American Brass Co. today an
nounced general 10 per cent wage
increase for 1000 employees IN
plants throughout the country. The
Chase Brass q Copper Co.. with
5000 employees here. announced q
similar wage Increase for factory
help.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-09-19

WUAA<yXNU
WAGIIM010W - - v111o
ususs - 49, 1hne 49,
- naseDvu1o r1nne - n~r1r1
befeso . )p1n1 Grun1cn - CO -
~ - 49, = q = = ~
~ LIT, - 1nllves r <on
~ Fsqnp1 - poglu1on = -
nss1sn111v -.
wAaauuw67os = - sps.l.1
eeest1s q ocngTeGe euInv1o1rE
THURSDAY WIN - ~ III 111Ie
ordinary meeting - thot -
slncs ~ oeDnRlnat1en ~ 49,
40. q
John AdAna1 W ~ f1zul -
dsnt q eell : 1pee1e1 so6rlon. ~
summoned IL nm conGrono -
NEST Nay -. 1871, - enne1or
suspenelon a dlplomatje sula1loo
With Efancs.
Thomas Jefeer1om on1 JnInno
Madison soch foun1 = noooncne0 -
call two extraordinary rnoc11n6G
because al the sp1lt betWooo -
unitsd Stats and oreat ugf1ofn
which I'd TO tn wnr = INA -
revolt q southeFn gtato9 onn1c
Abraham LINCOLN - ell = kDo6111
m~~~f.- - 49, owxa. -. s-u~1.,-.-. 49,
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-09-19

Fair tonight, wednesday. H.
pers1urss: High a; -, - -
rises, s;51; sets. Sis
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-09-19

BANK TRANSACTIONS
Tacoma ..-..........~ss.71s.ooo
Greenbelt cooperator., 1939-08-03
ORTHODOXY AGAIN


The problem of orthodoxy vss unorthodo9y, conser-
watts liberalism las defined by Websteris In
abridged Dictionary is old mankind. We. pro-
pose, in this letter, nei her to evaluate nor to ex
pose the fall ecies of logic in the arguments of Mr..
Lof ftus and Gr. Bargas We simply wish to give few
historic examples of how orthodoxy hindered and
tarded the development of the very science and sci
entiHc research upon which whole civilization
has been built.
For twelve centuries, ,Galen set up the sup
rene authority in medicine, including anatomy and
physiology. His contributions to anatomy were ac-
cepted finalities. Servetus, who had the audaci-
ty to question Galens authority in his work the
restoration Of Christianity Restitutio chris tanis
mi l553) by expressing clearly than Galen had
done the idea Of circuit of blood through the lungs,
was burned at the stake. The theological treatise
Of Servets would have been widely read at that per-
iod, nearly all the copies burned with the
author, and the views expressed had little direct in
Huence in bringing about understanding of the
cir cu1ati on.
Andreas Vesa1ius raised storm when he introduc-
ed human dissection into the study Of anatomy. He
risled death at the hands of the Spanish nquisition.
The ecc1esiastics contended that he disseminate
ing false and harmful doctrines MT vas widely
accepted dogma that had less rib side,
because from the Scriptural account Eve formed
from one Of Adams ribs. Vesalius, however, found
an equal number of ribs each side. Consequently,
his teachings contrary to prevailing dogma"
(Wm. A. Locy, The Story Of holoL). Even the Sup
rene Court, Mr.. LOTUS, has been known to reverse
its decisions.
The medical men from whom he might have expected
smra thy and support violently opposed Vesalius'
teachings also. Many amusing arguments were brought
forward to dscredit him and to uphold the auth ority
of Galen. Even sylvius, Vesalius' teacher,
Of his bitterest opponents and shut his eyes
and mind to the facts that Vesalius brought out as
result Of dissection Of the human BODY The orthodox
and auhor tative observati tions of the great Galen
being questioned!!
For complete exposition, read The Earfazs
Of Sci ence and Re aon by Andrew D. Viii te The Story
Of Biology by Villa A. Locy, GE1cibles by Bernard