davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-05-18
"LEARNERS"

|0NE of the problems in administering law is to
" coordinate rules and regulations with those of
another law impnging on the field, SO that there
may be coordinated effort to follow the best pro
|cedure and afford the maximum protection Under
Vocational education find cooperative classes or
students spending part of their time in school for
academic instruction and the other part learning
the occupation as an emplOye. Labor has insisted
that such part-time Student-WOrkerS should be
employed and paid minimum rate equal to that
paid other unSkilled workers. This wage provision
lis necessary to protect the learners against eX-
iplotaton and to safeguard the standards of other
workers.
Under the N. r. A. and now under the Wages
land Hours Act employers have tried to make
learners exempt from the minimum wage stand
!ards. Where even Sub-minimum was sanctioned
under N. r. A. the way was open for employers
to evade standards and qualifications essential to
maintaining production efficiency we'll as indus
trial equity n. Il. A. experience led to the con-
|cusion that where learners were necessary in or
der to train highly skilled workers. learners should
Ibe paid the minimum rate paid unSNilled workers
in other words experience rejected exemptions
from the minimum rate.
Despite this experience we find the adminiStra-
tons of the Public Contracts Act granting sub
|minima of learners and proposals for tolerance
for learners are developing under Wage and Hours.
Efforts to preserve the minimum wage prnci-
pie must center in Washington in making the rules
and regulations for Federal Administration but in
IsStence upon at least minimum wages to all learn
IcrS in vocational cooperative classes must deVolve
upon local agencies
The committee on education Of every central
labor union should investigate prevailing practices
in their respective communities. If the information
on wage compensation paid students or cooperative
workers is not available then inSiStent pressure
should be used to have the information collected
and to establish such collection as a part of nor
NAL reporting. Labor must insist that the learner
status should exist for the development of work
ers and should not be used to undermine labor
standards.
The minimum wage principle can be established
and maintained only through the organized coop
eration of workers-that is through unions. This
Fundamental principle should be basic in admins
tlatiOn of labor law.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-05-18
PUBLIC NOT PRIVATE CONTROL

i l't1E enactment or law to provide learners
with Workmen's compensation is not the end
OF a movement to establish right of these citi-
zens, but only step toward that end. The oppo-
sition to law in effect is just as vigorous as in
the beginning and has acquired SKILL The main
source OF opposition is private insurance COM
panies. 1t was mistake not to exclude these COM
panleS from the field instead of permitting them
to become agencies for administering social legis-
ation. An agency operating commercially is in
fundamental conflict with administration of social
legislation The first decision with regard to work
mems compensation which either clears the field
cOmplicateS it is between setting up an exclusive
state fund or commercial insurance companies for
paying benefits for the victims of accidents and
occupational diseases. Experience and financial
facts are conclusively in favor of the exclusive
state fund. Data published by the Division of
Labor Standards of the U. S. Department of La
compensation, in 1887, private insurance COM
panies collected S258 in Indiana; S2.32 in Mary
land; 1921 in Oklahoma; $1.95 in Missouri; 81
in New Jersey; S1.76 in New York; while the COM
pettive state fund collected $118; 81 68 in Okla
homa. In North Dakota and Ohio where there are
exclusive state funds-S1 90 in benefits represent
led $1.OS and $97 respectively in collections How
ever in Ohio costs of administration are paid from
general taxes.
Judges by standards of economy and efficiency
the exclusive state fund is basic for securing a
compensation measure securing workers against
industrial hazards.
The second fundamental is blanket provision
for compensation against all industrial injuries
occupatonal diseases as well as accidents. 1t is
important that occupational diseases should not
be separated from workmen's compensation as a
model bill sponsored by accident insurance COM
panies seeks to do This proposal seems to be allied
with the movement to separate industrial hygiene
from departments of labor and administration of
the ri ghts of labor To assure workers of benefits
under workmen's compensation a governmental
agency must prove the existence of industrial haZ-
ards and only an agency understanding labor prob
lens and workers rights is in position to give
this service. The administration of workmen's
compensation should be in the Department of La
Dor. In addition organized labor must shoulder a
permanent responsibility for the maintenance and
betterment of workmens compensation laws Ade-
quate security will result from constant vigilance
and digent study.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-05-18
"WOOL OVER YOUR EYES"

Washington, d. C.-"Why?" Be
cause more than half of the content
Of cloth sold AS WOOL is 'shoddy'
from the rag picker's rag bag, cotton
and rayon.' These statements head a
pamphlet which includes eleven other
questions and answers concerning wool
recently issued by The National Wool
Growers Association. The booklet goes
on to say: "Your protection. Legisla-
tion requiring the accurate indentifica-
tion and labelling of fiber content by
woolcn manufacturers. Such d bill TO
protect producers, manufacturers, dis
tributors and consumers from the un-
revealed presence of substitutes and
mixtures in spun, woven, knitted, felt
ed, or otherwise manufactured wool
products, is right now before the Sen
ate and House of Representative Of
the United States, known as the
Schwartz Martin Wool Labelling Bill"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-05-18
New York Hotel Employees
Favor a. F. Of L. Unions

New York, N. Y. (AFLWNS).-
Employees of the 1134-room 40-story
Essex House, 100 Central Park South,
one of the city's most fashionable ho-
tells, voted to designate the New York
Hotel Trades Council, composed Of
five A. F. of l.. local unions, as their
sole collective bargaining agent. The
vote was 26S to II. In all 301 work
ers voted of whom were challenged
by the management. Eleven ballots
were voided because incorrectly mark
ed and one was blank
The election was held under the su-
pervision Of the New York State La
Dor Relations Board at their offices
at $50 West 57th Street.
Of the approximately 500 workers
employed at the Essex House 381
were eligible to vote in the elections.
These included walters, mattresses,
cooks, chambermaids, bellboys, ele-
vator operators, kitchen workers and
housemen. Excluded from the voting
were executive and clerical employees.
Wages Increased
Jay Rubin, president of the New
York Hotel Trades Council, announced
that the management of the Essex
House would be asked Immediately to
sign the union contract reached by
the Hotel Association Of New York
City and the Council last January and
to which several dozen hotels in the
past few weeks have become sig
natories.
This contract provides, among other
things, for q 81 a week increase for
the workers Immediately, another 81
week beginning July 18th next,
union recognition, minimum wage
scales, the union shop, time and half
for overtime and free special uni
forms.
Among the hotels that have signed
Commodore, the Roosevelt, the Bilt-
more, the New Yorker, the Pennsyl-
vania and the McAlpin.
According to the union present pay
levels Of the Essex House are lower
than even prevailing wages for SINH
lar establishments. In support Of
this A. Lopez, organizer for the wait
ers received as low as $3.50 a week,
chambermaids $ll.88, mattresses &5.91
and elevator operators $l44O. He eX-
planned that raising the wages Of some
of the lowest paid employees up to the
minimum in many cases meant that
they would receive much more than
the 81 week general increase.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-05-18
OHIO CONSTRUCTION
NEWS
(By Ohio Labor News Service)

(By Ohio Labor News Service)
Construction contracts awarded in
Ohio during March were rs per cent
above March year ago, and 43 per
cent above the average of other states
in the Union for the same month, ac-
cording to a bulletin of the Bureau
|of Business Research at Ohio State
University.
Additional low-cost housing projects
costing more than $6,OO0,0O0 were re-
ported by Metropolitan Housing Au-
thorities of Cleveland and Columbus.
The Cleveland Authority has adver-
|tised for bids for a 600 family, 49,
100000 project in the Woodland
avenue and 10th street area.
A fifth low-cost housing project was
reported contemplated by the Colum-
bus Authority as plans for three other
developments got under way and de-
molition of buildings in the area where
the first project is to be constructed
neared completion.
The fifth project will use the last
of $7,150,000 earmarked by the U. S.
Housing Authority for Columbus. The
first project will cost $2,OO0,OOO and
the balance of the fund will be ap-
portioned among the other contem-
plated projects.
Plans and financing arrangements
are nearing completion on a contem-
plated $1,5O0,0O0 building to house
stores, theater and apartments at
Detroit and Nicholson avenues, Lake
wood, according to reports.
Work will start soon on a 36-suite
apartment project costing 100000, to
be constructed at Hillman Way and
Overhill Road, Youngstown, reports
state. A corporation has been formed
to finance the project with FILA ap-
proval.
Plans are being completed by the
U. S. Treasury Department for the
construction of a $150,0OO addition to
the postoffice building at Mansfield.
Work is expected to start about Sep
tember /, according to reports.
Amendments to the Ohio Public In
stitutional Building Authority Act to
overcome constitutional questions were
introduced in the Ohio General AS
sembly last week, marking another
step towards a statewide building
program involving $10,OO0,OOO, which
may be nearly doubled if PWA is con-
tinued and an application for cooper
ative fund grant is approved.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-05-18
LA TOILETTE DEFENDS RIGHT
OF PEOPLE TO VOTE ON WAR

Washington, d. G. GLNS).-"De-
mand by the people" for the right to
decide whether the United States
should take part in war abroad
Cannot be answered by derision,''
Senator La Toilette of Wisconsin told
"a Senate Judiciary subcommittee.
La Toilette was the first Witness at
the opening of hearings on a proposed
war referendum amendment to the
constitution. He testified before COM
mittee composed of Senators Hatch,
Miller and Borah.
"The sincere and profound desire of
our people to have vital and au-
thoritative voice in the matter of their
life and death has been made the sub
ject of dishonest and unfounded witt
Icisms," La Toilette said.
"There is nothing in the pending
proposal" he said, (Which will cripple
any president in his conduct of our
foreign policy so long as that policy
lis not to be implemented in the end
by involving this nation in an Of
lfcnSive war overseas.
81 do not believe that there is a
validity in the proposition that there
are effective measures short Of war
but if there are those who take an
opposite view, this proposal for a ref
Ierendum on foreign war will strength
Ell and buttress that position.
"ln short, this joint resolution takes
at their word the spokesmen for the
administration foreign policy who
maintain that it does not involve any
danger or risk Of war"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-05-18
: COMMENT ON WORLD
EVENTS

The present interval probably brief
between immediate war scares can
be well used by telling few facts of
some of the lands over which the wal
clouds are lowering. These facts are
gathered from the League of Nations
data, from three Federal government
agencies, and one foreign embassy.
One of the best indexes of the gen
eral public welfare is the infant death
rate, the number out of each LOCO
children born who die before the end
of their first year. In Poland, the in
fant death rate is 141; in Hungary
139; in Finland, 6S. Figures from Rus
sia are not accessible, and figures from
Nazi Germany are not trustworthy
but in Norway it is A; in the United
States, 54.4; and New Zealand slaps
all other nations in the face by losing
only 81 babies out of every 1000. Gil
mate probably has something to do
with this.
Illiteracy is another point of high
interest. Hungary claims a rate of
those who cannot read and write of
SO per .cent-but she puts the age at
years, which raises doubts. Poland
which doubles that age, admits to 32
per cent illiterates; much less than
before the World War. Finland, count
ing only the 15-year-olds, has 0.92 per
cent, tying with Denmark, whose Min
lister of Education not long since
boasted that the only Danish litter
ates were imbeciles, who couldn't
learn.
Land ownership is of immense i'm
portance-the growth of tenant farm
ing is one of the most alarming things
in our own country. CZechoslovakia
admittedly took the lead in agrarian
reform-though heaven knows what is
happening there now. Finland has in
creased her farm ownership about 35
per cent.
Poland, Rumania and Hungary came
through the World War with probably
the worst landlord systems in the
world. Poland has tackled this evil
vigorously; the state is taking over
the big estates, and settling the peas
ants on them. Unprecedented and re-
liable information is that under the
last Polish agrarian law, passed about
two years ago, peasants by thousands
are being turned to Independent farm
ers each year.
Rumania, according to the same au-
thority, is just waking up on that sub
ject; and Hungary isn't waking at all.
1t is an open question if this land
movement in Poland does not account
for part, at least, Of the unexpected
stamina which Poland is showing to-
ward Nazi aggression. Robert G. Ing
ersoll, commenting on the high per-
centage of farmers sons in the Union
army, said "you can't get man to
shoulder musket in defense of a
boarding house." There may be some
thing in it.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-05-18
TROUBLE IN THE COUNTRY
(From the News and Observer,
Raleigh. n Cl


Ten thousand educators in convcn-
ton, reported The New York Times,
were occupied with the troubles Of the
rural schools. They are great, un-
doubtedly. But one of the most seri-
Gus problems Of the rural schools has
grown from the faith that the rural
school where it was small and truly
rural could be eliminated.
At least part of the trouble in the
rural schools today comes from that
oVer-consolidation which left too few
children in their home communities
and piled big costs in moving more
children to bigger buildings. What is
needed everywhere is the weil-trained,
decently paid teacher.
And mass production methods,
which involve moving the children
thousands Of miles across costly high
ways to huge school buildings, does
not reduce the necessity for such
teachers nor reduce their right to sal
aries commensurate with their ser
vices.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-05-18
ACTIVITIES IN BAKING
INDUSTRY

Washington, ID. C.-Speaking re.
Gently on the organizing activities OF
the Bakery and Confectionery Work.
crs' International Union of America
Mr. A. A. Myrup, International Sec.
rctary-Treasurer, said, "our organ.
ization attempts to secure decent
working conditions; it wants to pro.
vide for the workers in the baking
and confectionery industry, male ant
female, the means needed to lead the
life Of human being"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-05-18
FORD INSURANCE
'VlIE FORD MOTOR co. has come

'NlIE FORD MOTOR co. has come TO an agree
mcnt with the Travellers Insurance Co. where
by 100000 workers in the Ford plants may get in
Surance. Starting June |, they may take out life
insurance to the amount Of 81 800 EACH with sick
and accident benefits. The Ford Employees Service
will manage all the details.
Is this Just another scheme to keep alive the
notorious Ford industrial dcspotism? His workers
have no say in the matter; Ford, who is to pay
"about half" the premiums, will dictate ALL In
Surance controlled by the company might be a
potent club against any movement of the men to
improve their wages and conditions of work; and
this is doubly true when the company has the long
record of driving speedup and ruthless layofls that
the Ford concern has been establishing for 20
Years.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-05-18
WHAT NEXT?

A new type of turbine
locomotive said by it's makers to
be capable of generating 5000
horsepower and Of making speeds
up to 125 miles an hour was re-
Gently exhibited at Washington
and inspected by President RoOsc-
welt. The locomotive was develop
ed by the General Electric Co, in
collaboration with the Union Pa
cifc Railroad.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-05-18
WISDOM
**.*:.**.s.s.s.:.s -,

Liberty has never come from
Government. Liberty has always
come from the subjects OF it. The
history of liberty is a history of
resistance. The history of liberty
is "A history of limitations of gov
ernmental power, not the increase
of it.-WOOdrOw Wilson.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-05-18
"THE LABOR PARADE"

Washington, d. C.-Labor's con
tinued fight for permanent world peace
is dramatically re-enacted in the May
issue of "The Labor Parade The pro-
gram is presented once each month by
the American Federation of Labor.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-05-18
Truths Pondered While
Riding At Anchor
MIR. MODESTUS
O INVESTORS UNWILLING
. IDLE MONEY
. THE WAGNER ACT
. DIDN'T CAUSE DEPRESSION

Why
Are Investors unwilling
To put their money into new securi-
ties just now?
Bank of New York asked lot of
them that question
ore than 73 per cent said they had
money available
62% said: Government takes too
much taxes from individual
1870 said: Government takes too
much taxes from corporations
$3.50 said: afraid of labor troubles
77fo said: afraid of legislation
X X X
Where did they get so much
money
The nice word in answer to that is:
they "saved it,
Another word, not so nice, is
1t is other peoples money
A very large section of it is in Gus
tody of insurance companies
Another answer, quite accurate, if
almost Incredible
1s,. that seven-eightths of it, con-
servatively speaking
Consists of the reservoir of credit
which is part of our economic sys-
tenn
We are told that there are $40
billions of idle money
But everybody knows that there is
not that much money in the U. S. A
Money lords control the reservoir
because they possess the valves
X X X
So, they are afraid of the legisla-
lures
That means, they are afraid of the
people who elect legislators
Also, they are afraid of what labor
may do
And, labor really constitutes the
great majority Of the people
So it comes down to this:
The Investors are afraid of the peo-
pie of the United States
They are afraid of the possibilities
of democratic action
They hate democracy applied to in
dustry, in the form of labor unions
They hate any public official who
thinks that the working people have
rights
Especially, if those public officials
are willing to enact laws
Laws, which will recognize and
implement the rights of the people
who work
That means, the great majority of
the people
What have these people been do
ing
That they should be so very much
afraid?
Afraid of the law makers
Afraid of those who do useful la
Afraid Of those who enforce the
laws
Afraid of the people whose hands,
bodies and brains have made the ma
ton
1t was not the Wagner Act which
oiooSHe VII tIiC bcpicSSlOIl--
1t was not labor unions which bank
rupted business
Labor union officials did not cause
the crash in October, 1929
Neither did the present legislatures,
governors, Congress and President
Have anything to do with the col
lapse of industry in 1929
X X X
Lest we forget
These Investors, and their man
ayers
Were in control of business in
1929
They had been pretty much in con-
troll of government up to that time
Their cry now is: Let us alone
Let us go back to the good old
times
That seems to be the only kind of
a game they know
And they did not know how to run
the nation in that way
Result: Labor, and the people, de-
manded some changes in the rules Of
the game.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-05-18
A LOAFER IN YOUR HEN HOUSE

Washington, ID. C.-M. Sullivan
trading as More Egg Company, Phila-
delphia, Pa, will cease advertising
that use of this product "Morc Egg
Tonic" will enable one to "kcep hens
laying all winter or double egg pro-
ducton, or that it "makes layers out
of loafers," according to a stipulation
entered into with the f. T. C. to dis
continue misleading representations.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-05-18

Men often mistake themselves, sell
dom forget themselves.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-05-18

ship of the International Seamen's Union of
America The Board by it's order would penalize
the company for keeping this contract"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-05-18

Always Demand the Union Label.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-05-18

Tor women
terminated
postpone h
The mo-
sentative !
resentative
cas- county,
ton carrie
Exempt,
day were
er repres'
Committee
onisn of t
the Senat' !
merely a
first to n;
WOnoeI
and othe-
the heari
applaude'
Conlnitts
An eff
Fred G.
an anleS
resulted'
naent an,
by a "
an,endn
House
salaries
ployn1e
approx"
Reiners
to give
an am
on two
Amerikai Magyar hirlap = American Magyar journal. [volume] (Youngstown, Ohio) 1911-1942, 1939-02-02

ban, megyekben, allamokban
es a sz0vetseg administrator
jaban egyforman a nyakunkon
eloskodik az a sisera-had,
amely nagyobb csapas az
egyptomi saskajarasnal.
Ha id6nkent es egyenenkent
kritizalunk, akkor mem jutunk
semmire, ha azonban az ado
fizet6k szervezkednek es BELE
NEZNEK az igyvezetes, a kor-
manyzas dolgaba, akkor XII
kenyszerithetik mindenutt,
hogy a kozterheket levagjak.
Westchester biztato peldaja
utan ilyen mozgalmak masfele
| is indulnak es mi meleger
ajanljuk az olvasoinknak
hogy tamogassanak minder
olyan igyekezetet, amely al
adok leszallitasara vezethet.
Amerikai Magyar hirlap = American Magyar journal. [volume] (Youngstown, Ohio) 1911-1942, 1939-02-02

mas allat, ami a fold hatan,
fold alatt, levegoben vagy vi
EEK melyen el, de nem boldo-
gultam vele. Csak a fejet raz-
ia az Greg es vegiil kibokte.
- Mar en- csak annyit mon
dok, miota a Hitler ur, meg a
Mussolini ur, meg a tobbi po-
litikus ur dolgait olvasof11,
hogy az embernel butabb te-
remtes mines a vilagon. Mert
meg ne sertsem, foldi, ugy Ia
pasztaltam, hogy horogra is
meg csapdara is csaletek kell,
hogy a hal vagy az allat rea
menjen, csak eppen az embert
1ehet igeretekkel is t6rbe-
csalni.
No, azota EN- Sc tartom a te-
remtes koronajanak az en-
bert.
KAKAS MARION.
Amerikai Magyar hirlap = American Magyar journal. [volume] (Youngstown, Ohio) 1911-1942, 1939-02-02

Hitlernek mines kifogasa q
demokracia ellen, csak eppen
AIT kivanja, hogy AIT Nemet-
orszagtol minel messzebbre
gyakoroljak. Nekiink sincs XII
fogasunk ellene, ha Olaszor-
szagban foghagymat esznek az
enberek.
Csak az lehet boldog, aki a
sors csapasain nevetni tud.
Jobb ugyan ma egy vereb,
mint holnap egy tuzok, de tiz
millio munkanelkili szeretne
tudni, hol van a mai vereb.