davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-02-05
Colonial Davs
TOBe Relived
At COtilliOn
Final Arrangement
Made for Event
This Friday
Continued From First Pape)

daughter of the late Elisha E.
Meredith, Representative from the
9th congressional district. In which
Alexandria was located for many
years Her Colonial ancestors in
clude William "Pepperpot" Payne,
captain of the famous Falmouth
Blues, and Col. Samuel Meredith
of the Revolutionary War. Her
partner will be Mr.. Charles r.
Hoof1. jr., Of Philadelphia, formerly
of Alexandria. He is a descendant
from the Carlyles, Herberts and
Fairfaxes, founders Of the city OF
Alexandria.
Miss Byrd, daughter of Mr.,
Thomas Boiling Byrd Of Winchester,
will open the cotillion with Mr..
William E. Byrd. jr, of Alexandria
Both are descendants of William
Byrd, founder Of Westover, in Vir-
ginia, most famous Colonial estate
IN America. Miss Byrd is also
descendant from Thomas Boiling
and John West, brother of Lord
Delaware of Colonial days, whose
royal lineage dates back to 1899.
Miss Byrd also is kin to Charles
James Faulkner and Elizabeth Wash
ington.
Committee Members Descended
From Old Virginia Families.
Serving on the committee with
Mrs. Richardson are Mrs. Charles
r. Hoon of Alexandria, a descend
ant Of John Carlyle, co-founder Of
Alexandria; Mrs. Charles Alex
andria Swami Sinclair, who num-
bers among her ancestors John
Alexander. for whom the city is
named, and Col. Adams Thorough
good, and Mrs. John S. Barbour,
whose ancestors have been distin-
guished statesmen from Culpeper
for generations.
Baltimore patronesses who will
return to the home Of their an
cesters for the cotillion are Mrs.
James R. Boone. Mrs. Pinkney and
Mrs. Tunstall Smith. Mrs. Smith
was Josephine Fairfax, sister Of the
present Lord Albert FaiItax Of Lon
don. Mrs Pickney was Camilla Her.
bert Of Virginia. Both she and her
cousin. Mrs. Boone, are descendants
from William Herbert and John
Carlyle, who are outstanding in
Alexandria Colonial history.
Evening star., 1939-02-05

LIE Young, MT. anu MIS-. odHlucl
Hirschfield and Mr. and Mrs. Herb
ert Rich. Mrs We'll was formerly
Miss Lorraine Herman of this city
Mr.. and Mrs. Leon Tobriner and
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry King have
joined Washington friends at the
Hollywood Beach Hotel, Hollywood
Beach, Fla.
Mrs. Mathilde Rosenthal is in
Americus, Ga, visiting her sister,
Mrs. A. Cohn, for the rest of the
winter.
Mrs. Blanche L. Singer has been
spending the week In Washington,
visiting her son and daughter in
law, Mr.. and Mrs. Harold Singer,
at the Westchester.
Mrs. Louis Simon is in New York,
visiting her son-in-law and daugh-
ter, Mr. and Mrs. Merryle S. Rukey-
ser, and their two young sons.
Mr.. and Mrs. Bush
Given Surprise Party.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Bush were
given a surprise dinner party Thurs
day night at Wardman Park Hotel
In celebration of their 10th we'd
ding anniversary.
Mr.. Walter Nordlinger and Mr..
Henry King are at the Roney-Plaza
Hotel Miami Beach, Fla, for 10
day stay.
Mr.. and Mrs. Sherry Stein are
taking a three-week cruise to the
West Indies and the Panama Canal.
DR.. and Mrs. Benjamin K. Leon
are again at their home on Van
Buren street. after a motor trip Of
three weeks to Florida.
Mrs. Louis Marks is spending the
week in New York, visiting her
uncle, Mr.. Leon Reid, at the Madi-
son. She was Joined in New York
by Miss Helen Gumberts of Evans
Vile. Ind.
Mr.. and Mrs. Sidney Lust sailed
from New York yesterday on the
Normandie on a months cruise to
South America. They will be in
Rio de Janeiro for the carnival,
returning here in March. Other
WashingtonianS who will be there
at that time are Mr. and Mrs.
Lawrence Gassenheimer and Mrs.
Flora Weinberg and her daughter,
Miss Rosalie Weinberg.
Mrs Louis Shapiro has joined Mr..
Shapiro at their home, 4707 Con-
necticut avenue, after a visit to her
mother, Mrs. I1ay, in Atlanta.
A member bring -a-member dance
will take place this evening at the
home of Mrs. Edith CHASER, 201 Elm
street, Chevy Chase, Md, sponsored
by the Junior J. C. R. S.
Mr.. and Mrs. Albert Small motored
Evening star., 1939-02-05
Reception Given

Mr.. and Mrs. Ivan Bagdanoff en-
tertained at a reception last eve
ming in their home on Thirty
eighth street in honor of their
son-in-law and daughter, Mr.. and
Mrs. Dennis A. Cotton, whose mar
riage took place last month. The
occasion also celebrated the birth
day anniversary Of Mrs Cotton,
who before her marriage was Miss
Olga Bagdanof1.
Evening star., 1939-02-05
Virginia University
Glee Club Concert

The University of Virginia Glee
Club will be presented at Gunston
Hall School Friday evening, Febru-
ary u. This concert is for the bene-
fit Of the Community Chest and the
Gunston Hall Library, which was a
gift to the school by the alumnae
as a memorial to Mr.. and Mrs.
Beverley Randolph Mason, the
founders.
The benefit will be in charge of
Mrs. Lucy Briscoe Knox and Mrs.
Mary Murray Hume Bradley,
alumnae.
Evening star., 1939-02-05
Concert Patrons

The Attorney General, Frank
Murphy, and Mr.. and Mrs. Guy
Helvering have added their names
to the list of patrons and patron
esses of the concert of the Uni
versity of Michigan Little Sym
phony. The concert will be held
at the Raleigh Tuesday.
Evening star., 1939-02-05
Card Party Friday

Mrs. Joseph NJ Rubin and Mrs.
Irving Russin are sponsoring bene-
fit desert card party which will be
held at Childs Restaurant, 1910
New York avenue, Friday afternoon.
at 2 o'clock. Reservations for the
affair may be made by calling Ran
dolph 1884 or Randolph 1918.
Evening star., 1939-02-05
Former Residents Return
To Visit Friends in Bethesda
Mrs. Childs to Be Luncheon Guest;
Many Nearby Maryland Families
Leave for South and West

Mr. and Mrs Archie W. Chd lived in Somerset
brief visit with friends before
Childs
Mr. Mrs Chd and their daughter Patsy
three Chids assistant
atache in the United States consular service Mr. Cds
this family
coming the States months Since
visit Chds
Ohio
Mrs Childs extensively entertained during
parties luncheon
by Mrs Tupper Tupper
guests to the Kenwood Club luncheon.
Evening star., 1939-02-05
OF Personal Note Here
Many Washingtonians Attend
Dinner Dance in PHILADELPHIA

Leonard We'll Of Philadelphia celebrated their 25th
wedding
lin Hotel Philadelphia when large from Washington attended
from Harold Strauss, and
Mrs King
Gilbert
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-02-24
PIPE is BEING
LAID IN A ST,

Utilities Commissioner DAWSON
asked Thursday for the publlcs
indulgence with conditions on A
st. sth 10 18th SITS. during install
lation OF the new l2-inch water
mains required for fire protection
and improved service In the bust
ness district.
DAWSON said the contractors.
Paine q Gallucci. Inc. are making
the fastest time possible. but de-
lays incident 10 underground and
surface conditions Of the street
are hindrsnces not easily over
come.
Thursday the crews were baek-
filling over pipe already laid south
Of 18th St eXcaYatinR trench
south Of IIth ST and ripping out
bricks preparatory 70 trenching
north Of llth st
Old car tracks on the surface
and pipes underground have 10
be lodged as the work progresses.
The public will just have To be
patient. Dayisson said.
The work on a 81. - part II
$3.50 900 contract for installation
Of number Of sections u new
trunk watermains IN older sections
Of the city.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-02-24
RESCUE Three
OUT OF SOUND
Crew of Ferry Boat
Saves Two Men
and Boy

Three local fishermen who pre-
ferfcd 10 remain anonymous
were recovering Thursday from
the effects Of drenching In Puget
Sound when their rowboat cap
sized Wednesday In front II a
ferryboat They were rescued by
the ferry's crew and passengers.
The ferry skansonia. said to
have been caught in a huge swirl
Of water of Point Defiance, drifted
toward the small boat. In which
were two men and hoy ~ about
IA A. II was about Ia ram them.
one Of the men attempted 10 fsnd
IL off with an oar Tnr boat upset
throwing all THREE into the water
The crew tossed life pfeserver
to the boy. ana lowered ladder
TO the two men. The victims Te-
fused 10 give their names 10
fcfrymsn.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-02-24
WATCHMAN At
FACTORY PUTS
man TOFL|GHT
Surprised in Effort
to Open Safe, Bold
Yeggman Flees Out
Window, Down Pole

After eluding night watch
man by climbing down a tele-
phone pole, a burglar who
failed in an effort to crack a
safe at the lnter-City Auto
Freight CO., 30l Puyallup
ave, was being sought by
police Thursday.
The craftsman. who evidently
worked leisurely until discovered
by the Waterman, Irving Brandt,
attempted to peel the door from
a small cabinet safe after knock
ing the combination off Before
giving up. he stole a supply OF
stamps from desk drawers in the
freight companys office.
Brandt told Prowl Car Officers
Henry Warren and Pete Schultz
he saw the prowler in the building
few minutes before midnight
Wednesday. He gave chase. and
the burglar climbed through a VIM
dow. ran across a roof, then leaped
to a nearby telephone pole and
scrambled down in the darkness.
Police believed the man entered
the building in the same manner.
He broke into a service station
under the freight office first. help
ing himself to several tools there.
Then he moved the safe to a rear
room and made an effort to open
it. The strongbox contained about
$40.
In his hurry to escape, the man
dropped a glove, a metal jack
handle, a screwdriver, a set of keys
and a package of cigarets.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-02-24

Decision ~ The federal govern
meut 10 purchase this 18th 10 itth
At block on the ohst side ~ Pa
clflc ave. for Taeomas new Fed.
crsl Office building was announced
Thutslay in Washington, ID, G.. by
Senator Homer r. Hone.
The government aill pay sp.
prosimaiely si22 900 for the site.
according 10 the senator's wire 70
Postmaster George y Fishburns
here who opened the original blds
on Aug 10 last year. At that time
five other sites we're offered.
The treasury department viii
erect modern two-stofy office
building. principally "a house Us
own departments. such ~ Internal
revenue A total of ste7 900 was
appropriated for lhr project. 10 in.
ciude purchase Of The ate,
The building viii be constructed
~ that more stories may be added.
II that becomes necessary.
tiaIeigh- Hayward 90.
Submitting offers on the site
was the isalsigh-lisyvatd Co. TIA
coma real estate firm. 10 The In
tsresis 81 ak property owners on
the block,
Lots I and are owned by the
" II. snsli estate. 3 10 ! by John
= Baker. =. ~ Charles Hless-
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-02-24
VESSEL
SUNK BY Mine

NASHINGTON-The navy de-
partment today advanced a theory
that the unidentified ship which
wirelessed yesterday that It had
been torpedoed in the Atlantic may
actually have struck floating
mine.
They disclosed that such a mine
was known TO nave been drifting
in the general area Of the Atlantic
from which the mysterious SOS
call came
Navy officials emphasized that
thev had received no Information
regarding the authenticity Of The
wireless message that excited snip
ping circles yesterday. the identity
Of the supposed ship that was IN
distress OF It's ultimate fate
They said, however. that the
tanker California Standard IN jan
uarv had reported sighting SIX
horned mine drifting IN the vicinity
Of the Azores They did not kno"
the origin Of the mine or how u
happened TO be drifting there
Warnings regarding the mine
were published by the navy IN its
photographic bulletin on Jan q
and again OF Fen, :,
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-02-24
THREE SISTERS
DIE IN FLAMES

ORfLLlA, Ont. -- Three
young sisters were burned 10
death early today when fire
swept their home. bat their
brother leaped 10 safety from
an upstairs window.
The victims were LmFasas Nc.
Lsughlln. IS. ana her two sisters,
Audrey. "a. and Msrtosis. 10. found
IN an upstairs bedroom.
Arnold Mclaughlin. ~. escaped
by lssplng 20 feet 10 ths ground.
he said thai be ard hss sisters
Wsfs on the second floor of their
home.
When he snelged smoks. he
stepped into a hallway and vas
met BY a blast u Snoks and
fdnes
Il called 10 my sisters In am
other room and heard them an
swer.@ Arnold said. but that was
ne lsst I heard from them"
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-02-24
GUAM PROJECT
FAILS TO PASS
wAsyyINGJoS A h

wAsHtNGTOs A house coail-
ton Of Republicans ana dissenting
Democrats today defeated an adj
ministration project 70 authorize
a s. 900 600 naval base At Guam In
the western Pacific.
The house voted 70 eliminate the
project from the s33 300 600 naval
air base bill after opponents had
charged that the Guam improve
menis would constitute a 'ptoyoe-
alive" act that could hardly fail
70 alarm Japan, The roll cali vote
vas amounted a. z0s to iss.
The house then Immediately
passed the curtsiled hill by a stand.
INK vote of 5ss 70 s Guam vas
the only one of u naval bases
originally provided la the bill which
Wa disputed
All other items Ia the $4,000. 4.
900 bill. authorizing II major Az
bases Including = naval air sta
ton ~ Tongue Point, Ore we're
approved yesterday
Formal passage II the hili Wiii
nearly complete house action on
President ROosegfiis emerEeney
defense program In The senate
preparations we're made tor c0B-
sideratlOn early next week ~ tie
1855 900 900 army ezpsnsson Dill
Approved by the house. u Vas re-.
parted fayDfsbiy late yesterday -
the ncrats military affairs cum
mittee after Il bs1 boosted to
5000 the number d planes which
the army would be permitted 10
maintain. The house had author
izsd 500 planes
The Island u located among ths
japanese mandatef Islands AMI Il
only 800 miles from Japans
mainland. According n naval of.
ficers. ma lOf naval base there
would push the United States first
line II defen8e 900 miles west 81
Guam, Or within 500 miles Of
Japan.
BAsk TRANSACTIONS
Tarrx~. a. ana n0I
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-02-24
Structure ulN Be On
Pacific, 18th To Ath

hauah. . by N. Mot.iroyg 10 by
nefths Nssley Holt, and n ana ~
BY the Anna klehinko e~tats. ia
official description IN Bloch isna
Of New Tacoma addition n IA the
block north Of the North Coast bus
station.
Senator Hone's telegram reads
Long Felt Ned
Admiral Peoples adsis~s prr-
euremsnt division prefers post.
office site No 2, situated EAST aldo
Pacific ave. between 18th and len.
providing 800 feet frontage on "a.
elfio ave and ig0 feet m i5th and
18th. This 10 Raleigh. Hayward
Co property sni offsrsd for
ti77 600"
Erection ~ = nsw Federal build
ing 10 downtown Tacoma viii flii
a long felt need fos msfs sagstns
ment office space. Such depart.
menss as the federal ss@isl fsscBf
lty BOARD. fsitumlnnus Coal Conn
nilsson and Farm Security Admin
isiratian now are situated IN pfis
sats office bsiiialns- Sspms may
be housed IN the nsu building,
Moving ths internal revenue dlsls
sion. which noN occupies nearly all
the sseund flDor and part 81 othsr
floors ~ the Fosfoffies building.
Will provide some space there.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-02-24
TAC0MAN TO HEAD
N. W. FEED DEALERS

SEATTLE - Ra p h tombstone,
Tacoma, was reelected president
of the Pacific Northwest Feed as
ISOLATION last night at the organ
ization's annual convention.
Other officers reelected were
d. NJ. Bell. Aberdeen. vice presi-
dent; c. O. Lande. Renton. secre-
tary-treasuref, and Floyd Oles. Sc
attic, manager.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-02-24
Don't Fail To Read
The Times Daily
For Netrs, Features
and Pictures
LIGHT
An Inside Picture Of
Financial and Polit.
ical America

WASHINGTON - Arm "
man "Pinky' Harrington IS
rapidly de Hopkinsizing the
WPA setup here and in the
field-by and with the advice
and consent of President
Roosevelt. Hardly a key fig
ure who provoked public cla-
NOR against political abuses
will enjoy any authority when
he winds up.
Col. Harrington is not firing 'em
wholesale and thereby provoking
their political promoters. He is
applying the old army system of
letting the veterans hang on. but
multiplying their influence by top
ping them with his own appointees.
He has administered that sort Of
treatment to David Niles. the ultra
liberal associate of the Corcorans
and Cohens. and to Frances Kelly.
who once managed personnel with
hand that had no feminine touch.
Ellen Woodward, former di-
rector of women's activities,
- has gone TO the Ssh. and the
daring Aubrey Williams is
simply handling NYA. He was
Hopkins No. ! man.
President Roosevelt has given
the new WPA head a blank check
in revamping this troublesome
agency. AT last FDR has appar-
emily accepted the Farley theory
that WPA loses more votes than
Il wins-and that it should be no
more political than the army and
navy.
The driving power behind
Senator Josh Lees attempt to
upset the present AAA pro-
gram in favor of tho domestic
allotment plan Is Vice Presi-
dent Garner. II is the first
time that the No. = man has
FLASHED with the White House
on the agricultural front.
Garner has frequently gfumbled
against the cost of the existing
system. which amounts to about
S712 000.0 900 a year Therefore he
Continued on Page 8, Column 81
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-02-24

mittee and composite OF the
three measures introduced in
the senate at Gov. Martins re-
quest.
The patronage slice was pre-
cipitated by the bitter argument
between right and left wingers
yesterday over the senate bill that
appropriated S5s.00O 10 absorb the
expense of the rest Of the session.
Left wingers charged during the
debate that Sylvester had boosted
the house payroll needlessly.
Sylvester replied later with a
statement that at this time last
session there were 167 employees on
the house payroll. compared to not
more than l35 now. with those dis
missed last night excluded from
the count He said patronage Of
both right and left wingers were
included among those fired.
sylvester dismissed two en-
ployes who were his own
patronage. However. II was
significant that the Others he
let 20 were patronage Of rep
resentatiYes who voted against
the added expense sppropria-
ton.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-02-24
PORT MEASURE GETS
ITS SECOND READING
lbs Tacoma Times staff writer
1ApITDI nI,rnuia err.sn Pill

lbs Tacoma Times staff writer
CAPITOL, Olympia Senate Bill
SIS. TO enable POrtscosns 70 acquire
needed tideflst lands and prepare
for development Of a new industrial
area. passed second reading IN the
house Wednesday.
II i on second reading that bills
often are amended, but none was
offered on the port measure.
The Dill. already passed Dy the
senate. now Is ready for final se-
ton IN the house. Il undoubtedly
viii be passed as soon IS placed
on the calendar. for third reading,
ry the rules committee.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-02-24
QUIZ MATTS0N
CASE SUSPECT
sMAMPslOII. MAJ.

~ AHP-fDIT. Mas. a ID
yesr-old "drifief. Nbo has been
questioned IN connection With the
kilnsp-slsylng u 10 year old
Charles Nation II Tacoma. Wash.
IN 1895. pleaded not guilty 10
vagrancy charges when srraigned
in Lynn district court today.
The case Of the defendant. whose
name vas withheld. wa continued
70 Saturday and he vas reTnanded
% Salem Jail In lea u 81 900 BAL.
Police Chef Walter Reeves said
the man resemoieo closely the
description Of the slayer The man
admitted having been IN Tacoma
but denied all knowledge Of the
CRIME.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-02-24
CLIPPER Is MAKES
HONOLULU WITH EASE

HONOLULU - Psn-AmerIcsu's
Clipper Is. giant new Alton fly
Ing boat on an lsO00-mlie test
flight 10 China and back. arrived
IN Honolulu a. $50 a m. today
after smooth crossing from San
Francisco with % persons aboard.
NEW ORLEANS e. The Yankee
Clipper. Pan American AlrVsyz
74-psssenRer bid for North Atlsn-
&c travel. landed on Lake Pom
chartrsin today after . two-hour
flight from Galveston. Texas.
Capt. Harold Gray said he would
refgel here and take of tomorrow
for Baltimore.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-02-24
ONE DEFENDANT
IN P. G. 0. CASE
FEARED FRAUD!
Jury Told Big Bill
Broome Accused 8
of Trying to Give
Him Double Cross

William A. Big Bill
Broome himself once accused
his co-promoters of the 81
100000 Peoples Gas K OIL
enterprise with fraud and
the double-cross," according
to testimony in federal court
here Thursday.
His accusation. as Malcolm y.
Christensen. former Tacoma sales
manager for the organization, said
on his third day as witness. was
leveled at Defendants William
Markowitz. president OF the = G.
& O. Co; Joshua r Simons presi-
dent of the p. G. a o. Corp, and
n. Harry Meyers. purported to he
the multi-millionairc hacker OF
the group.
Broome'g disaffcetion grew out
of charges by George f. Hogan.
superintendent at the well being
drilled by the =. G. a O. organiza-
ton in eastern Washington. the
witness said.
In a meeting of sales managers
with Broonne IN July, 1897. shortly
after the company closed It's Sc
attic office. Christensen said, he
asked II Hogan was right that the
~. g. & q. was only a ''raeket and
steal
Holdings Cut Down
Mr.. Bfoome said ever since
Jan. !, 1887, he had become con.
WINGED MI. Simons and Marlso-
witz were planning TO double cross
him. the former sales manager
said, and that he had started out
with 40 per cent ownership Of the
development company and had
ended up with / and 5-s per cent.
He said that in his opinion the
gcologist hired by Simons and
Markowitz tmyron Zandmer. a
recognized petroleum englneer)
had been hired 10 stop the drilling
operation because they had taken
the cream and had got the assign.
ments so they could get out from
10000 Investors
'Broomc said he had 80 900 peo-
pie to think about. that he re-
allied the company was being IN
vestigated by the federal govern
ment and that he had In his
possession under lock and key In
Vancouver, b. G. a document
signed by Meyers, Markowiiz and
Simons which would prove all
the government was trying 10
prove.
He said further that Or Meyers
was not a millionaire and thai
when he came 10 the state all he
had was $4,000 "
Defense Attorney George r
Nanderveer launched into a slow
and deliberate animation
of Christensen before noon but
had not succeeded in breaking any
Of the witness story
Repeating Christensen past
testimony about Meyers being
called millionaire, former Of
fetal Of the straus Engineering
company and Instrumental in pro-
noting The Golden Gate bridge.
Vanderveer demanded 70 know II
every word was not true
Resumes After Recess
Insofar as ! know" said Chris
tenson Il don't know anything
about those things"
The trial IN which eight officials
Of the r. O. a. o. organization are
on trial FOR 10 counts Of mail
fraud. and accused of hiking 30
900 small Washington investors.
resumed Thursdsy 81 10 a m
after a lay-on for "sshlngtons
birthday.
Other defendants are Samuel
MsrkoWitz. brother ~ William !.
Milton Slm0ns. brother n Joshua
Louis Roth and Maurice KoosinF
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1939-02-24

Sylvester followed the loud de-
mands yesterday for economy by
slicing u employees from the house
payroll The act Immediately was
described by left wing leaders as
cheap and retaliatory, although
Sylvester said the move satisfied
the majority Of the Aouse member
ship
The indignant liberals were
ready to make more trouble
than expected over the social
security bill. which was
product of the judiciary COM