davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-02-18
Bridr Party

:. The Misses Lorraine Painter and Ann Harper attended the Valentine Bridge party given by the Junior Women's Club in Waterbury We'd nesday evening, Over sixty were present.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-02-18

Minuets and gavottes are being revived in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-02-18

Attorney Julian c. Hcafne, IT,, tof Wheeling, West Va, temporary campaign consultans of the Wa Z terbury Citizens Good Government association In It's attempt to change the city charter to provide for . city manage r-ceuncil form of municipal government. MT. Hearne drafted Wheeling's city manager proportional representation char ter and was manager of the suc- cessful campaign for adoption of his charter in 1885.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-02-18
DIED

UIBU
 wsi wois6ss ats st. Asss sSsnsai fl isSsaEHn SsaSss 1p. cSft St., to sScrsd Heart church. Burial in old St. Jcscph's ceme- tery. i, IsHERw00p--In this city, Feb. lsth. ilss. Ms. Edith seEeh WI, Asss JISs l,sE NSAS}i SsS.;s| Home. 70 Central Ave. BqriaT in new Plne Grove cenietesy. . CARgtOfG~--In this city, Feb. 18th, 1889, Patrick H. Carroll ot IS Watervliie St.. Funeral Mondny %OrnIng na tine tine lss.sr syU ~.s yro,n g, My,!vil's
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-02-18

Frank MataSavage of the Whitte- more road has returned to his home, from a few months visit with his son in Miami, Florida,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-02-18

The funeral of Peter Breivis was held this morning at 9:30 o'clock from the Mazaika funeral home, 10 Porter street. to St. Joseph's Church, where . requiem high mass was celebrated ct 10 o'clock. Burial was in Calvary cemetery.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-02-18
Prayer Meetings

Starting Wednesday, there will be
 a series of cottage prayer meetings 2 being led by Rev, William H. Mo ACance in various homes through
 out this vicinity. The first of this
 series will be held at the home of Mrs. Ruth Townsend on Porter ave- nue next Wednesday evening at s ; o'clock.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-02-18

will be held from the Stokes funeral home, 694 Riverside street on Mon- day morning at 8:30 o'clock to St. Joseph's church, where a solemn mass of requiem will be celebrated at 2 o'clock. Burial will be in Cal- vary cemetery.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-02-18
STATE TROOPER NOT TO'BLAME

(Continued nom Page D
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-02-18
MUSSOLINI IN
 REVIEW TODAY

tcontinued from Page 1)
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-02-18
,CONCLAVE TO NAME
 POPE ON MARCH l

Continued from Page II
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-02-18

Oakvilie, February IS. = The South school assembly program held at the auditorium yesterday was as follows:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-02-18
NON-REPRISAL
 POLICY SOUGHT

(Continued from Page D
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-02-18

Mrs. Alison J. Smith, Betty VII. son, Janet Brodie, Merton Horn becker and Raymond Wilson, are members of the, local Epworth League Society, who are attending the mid-winter institute being held ata the Methodist church in Meri- den.
 Mrs. Martin McDonough Of Thomaston avenue spent Thurstlay visiting friends at Bunker Hill.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-12-21

person in the world is praying to
God that these brave people shall
yet be saved"
Appealing to Americans to open
hearts and hands" to Finland with
contributions to the fund, Mr..
Hoover said, AT tho moment there
is no actual shortage of food in
Finland. But the thousands Of des-
titute need funds to buy it. They
need shelter. They need bedding.
The sea blockade and the destruc-
ton of their commerce will bring
famine later on"
Among others who spoke were
Senator Wagner, Democrat, Of New
York; Senator Wheeler, Democrat,
Of Montana and Hjalmar Procope.
Finnish Minister to the United
States.
Senator Wagner said, mo smoke
screen can blacken out, or even
blur, the right and wrong of the
unconscionable attack launched
against peaceful Finland"
Senator Wheeler said he and Sen
ator Wagner would do all in their
power in Congress to help facilitate
American help for Finland.
Mr.. Procope, who received a pro-
longed ovation, pointed out words
are weak things to express the
gratitude and attachment that we
Firms have toward this country and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-12-21
Wo|| Says 10 Help
Finland Today Is 10
Aid U. 5. Tomorrow
Hoover Appeals for
Relief Fund at
New York Meeting
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, Dec. 21.-Matthew
Vol, vice president of the Amer
lean Federation of Labor, believes
Soviet Russia's attack on Finland
reaches a new high in interna-
tional affairs for sheer mendacity,
for cynical contempt of the good
opinion of mankind"
ITO help Finland today is to help
America tomorrow" he asserted in
an address at a Lets help Fin
land" mass meeting in Madison
Square Garden last night.
The meeting was led by former
President Herbert Hoover. national
chairman of the Finnish Relief
Fund, who declared every decent
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-12-21
OIds New Chuirmun
Of Power Commission

Leland Olds Of New York, who was
appointed to the Federal Power
Commission in June, has been
named chairman, and will hold
ONCE until June, 1914, when his
term as commissioner expires, it was
announced today.
Mr.. Olds succeeds Clyde L. Seavey,
who had been chairman since 1887
when Chairman Frank L. McNinch
moved over to the Federal Com
munications Commission.
Commissioner Claude L. Draper
continues As vice chairman.
Mr.. Odds formerly was executive
secretary Of the New York Power
Authority.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-12-21
Robert A. Erwin Heads
American Press Society
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, Dec. 21.-Robert A.
Erwin, Washington Evening Star
reporter, has been elected president
for 1910 of the American Press So
ciety, Roy S. Eastman. chairman of
the Committee on Elections and
Nominations, announced last night.
Vice presidents chosen in the mail
balloting were Paul Scott Mowrer
OF the Chicago Daily News, Guy v.
Miller of tbs Pittsburgh Press, Doro-
thy Thompson of the New York
Herald Tribune, Cary B. Wilmer, jr.,
Atlanta Constitution, and Henry F.
Burmester, Long Beach, Calf,
Press-Telegram.
Oliver Holden and o. D. Donald
son of the New York Times were
reelected executive director and
treasurer. respectively. Thomas D.
Yutzy, as secretary, holds an ap-
pointive office.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-12-21
italian Mothers Receive
Medals and Cash Awards
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated PreSS.
ROME, Dec. 21.-Premier Mus
solini today distributed 1850 900 lire
(about $4,000 and awarded medals
to 1873 wives of industrial workers
for having borne the greatest num-
Der of babies in the past 10 years.
Insurance policies for 1000 lire
(about 500 each were presented
to the last-born children.
The occasion was the seventh an
nual "day of the mother and child"
Each of the mothers, who were
received by II Duce in his Venezia
Palace Office, had seven or more
children in the 10 years.
Their medals are of new alu-
minum alloy which Italy is using for
coins. They bear a figure Of
mother and children on the face,
while the reverse shows an oak
tree and the letter IN" for Mus
eolini.
They are hung from green ribbons
with tassel for each child.
Two mothers from each of 1taly's
"a provinces were chosen for the
honors.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-12-21
German Flyers Drop
Umbrella as Gift
For Chamberlain
By the Associated Press.

oy Vilc ASSOCsatco IICoS.
BERLIN, Dec. 21.-German
flyers, sallying across French
lines, dropped an umbrella as a
gift to Prime Minister Neville
Chamberlain who visited Brit
ish troops in France last week.
DNB, the official German
news agency, said the following
note was attached to the UNI
brella:
The German Air Force re-
grets that Mr.. Chamberlain was
forced to go around in such
bad weather without an UNI
brella, and dedicates to him
this useful instrument of pro-
lection"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-12-21

native of St. Louis and graduate
Of Washington University in that
city. In addition to his other duties
he is coach of the Y. M. c. A.
fencing team. He has had wide
experience in Red Cross life-saving
work.
Mr.. Wilson, whom he succeeds, re-
Gently completed elimination fight
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-12-21

training at the Anacostia Naval Air
Station as a naval aviation cadet
and is slated to report soon to the
Naval Aviation School at Pensacola
Fla, for advanced training. Upon
completion of the training he will
receive q commission as an ensign
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-12-21
Seven Ships Released

ROTTERDAM. Dec. 81 (P.-
Shippers were advised yesterday
from Hamburg that German block
ade control authorities had re-
leased seven lumber ships which
had been held there for nearly a
month while en- route to Scandi-
navian ports via Rotterdam.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-12-21

CenCrd 1OuIlk
Mems Christian
Association, sue
ceeding Paul r.
Wilson, who left
to take up avia-
ton, it was an
nounced yester-
day by Ralph w.
Foster, director
OF physical edu-
cation at the
"Y."
Mr.. Campbell,
who served for
three years in
the Army as a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-12-21

the faith We have In the United
States.
mo other nation could 30 un-
selfishly, in a peaceful way, stretch
out the hand Of assistance to us.
I thank this great Nation and its
great leader"
The Evening Star will accept con-
tributions to the Finnish Relief
Fund.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-12-21

In the United States Naval Reserve.
He is % years old and is we'll known
here as swimmer. Mr.. Wilson has
coached the swimming teams of
both Western and Woodrow Wilson
High Schools. In 1896 he was Dis.
trict backstroke champion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-12-21
R. F. Campbell Named
Toy. A. Position

Robert r. Campbell, %, an Of
fetal American Red Cross life-sav-
ing instructor, has been appointed
senior aquatic instructor at the
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1939-08-11
Speice Is Close
T o Breidenbach,
railing Munger

Dayton's public schools were
guaranteed a nine-month term next
year and Dayton's relief clients were
assured Of food and clothing by ac-
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1939-08-11

cipal and coach at Nelson MERRY
High School, Jefferson City, Tenn.
He has served as director Of the
Wilberforce Work Experience Cen
ter since its establishment last fa.l.
At the Center, approximately 10
unemployed Negro youth from all
parts of Ohio are receiving part
time employment, work experience
and related instruction. They par
ticipate in the educational and rec
reational facilities of the University,
but do not receive University credit
for their studies. They have con-
structed field house for the Uni
versity, and are using it as. their
dormitory.
Gathers successor as director Of
The Center has not been named. A
recent addition to the Center's staff
was JOSEPH WINFIELD, who has as
sumed his duties as Personnel and
Guidance Supervisor. WINFIELD, q
native Of Washington, PC, is ?
graduate of Lincoln University, Lin
coin, Pa, and received his MA. de
gree in personnel and guidance from
Columbia University in June.
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1939-08-11
ILLNESS FORCES COUNCILMAN
TO OUT CONTEST
TURPEAU TIPPED

His notification of his decision not
to run, because of ill health, came
as the nominating committee pre-
pared to meet at Republican head
quarters, l25 East Ninth Street, to
continue further with it's efforts to
prepare slate for the Novembe.
city election.
DR.. McClain has been in i'll health
for more than year. He suffered
a stroke some time ago, and has
curtailed his activities somewhat
ever since.
Three Co Rum
His withdrawal from the Repub
lican ticket added to the complexit-
les of ticket-making. The four in.
cumbents had been considered Ger
lain TO run, leaving the nominating
committee with the tast Of finding
hut FIVE other candidates. Still III
the race, however, are Mayor jane
&. Stewart, Willis y. Grandson and
Nichd as Klein
Ending its session, the committee
announced the selection Of forme,
Governor Myers Z. Cooper as y.
chairman, succeeding former Con-
gressman John b. Hollister. Hollis
ter, named chairman several weeks
ago. has been out Of the city since.
and he wired the committee that
his continued absence made II inn
possible for him to participate IN the
committee sessions.
Slate Nearly Ready
Cooper had been vice chairman
and had presided over the sessions,
He said late Monday that the slate
was esprastie3 ly complete
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1939-08-11

the Missouri supreme court was held
May 20 with Charles H. Houston Of
he New York Office Of the NAACP
and Sidney r. Redmond Of St. Louis
member of the national legal COM
mittee, appearing for Gaines.
The present opinion of the state
upreme court reverses it's affirma-
toin Of the denial of the writ by the
Boone circuit court, and remands
the case to the circuit court for fur
ther proceedings.
The opinion said in part:
Respondents (the State of Mis-.
sourD urge that Sec. 9618, supra,
as amended, (the new law directing
the establishments of Law school at
Lincoln university makes proper
provision for relator's legal training
within the borders Of the state, and
affords him an opportunity for sucf
instruction equal to that available
to whites at the University Of Mis-
souri,; and that, by invoking the rult
of law presuming right acting on ths
part Of officers charged with man
datory duty under statute Il. e.
the Curators Of Lincoln wal per
form their legal duty to establish
School Of Law equal to the one II
the University of Missouri) appel
lant's constitutional rights will have
been satisfied, and, therefore, ths
writ should be denied. Although
expressly conceding that the nev
act eliminates the discretion left t.
thecurators and places on the cura
tors an unconditional obligation tt
open new schools and new depart
ments,' appellant (Gaines) says
But assuming, for the purpose Q.
argument only that the eurators dlt
create some sort of a law school, b,
September, 1889, this court coul'
| not determine by Judicial notlc'
whether such law school satisfied tn
constitutional requirement Of equa
protection of the laws. That woult
BE matter Of evidence to be pre-
sented to and weighed first in tn
trial court In this we think ap
pd.lant (Gaines) correct.
fContinued from Page D
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1939-08-11
m'CLAIN WITHDRAWS:
|H0LLISTER ALSO OUT


Turpeau, Il minister. ran for the
Legislature on the Republican ticket
in 1886 and again in 1898.
DR.. McClain's letter of withdrawal
said:
Il have been seriously considering
Tor some time as to my position in
the Forthcoming councilmanic race.
rour years ago | was asked to
run and accepted after much urging.
Since that time my health has not
been SO good. For the past year |
sibly made mistake in running
in 1887 Recently realized that
probably another strenuous cam
paign would injure my already not
too good health.
Il appreciate the honor that has
been mine Of serving my party III
the City Council and the wonderful
cooperation you have always given;
also appreciate the fact that my
health should come first.
Fears Repetition
Because | am not sure that
repetition Of the al mont suffered
two years ago may not occur and
anxious moi to enlbarrass o. hand
cap our chances III tue control Of
the 1910 Council | feed THAI | should
| 4
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1939-08-11
BY SARA ELLIS

DAYTON-Before an improvised
altar decorated profusely with peach
gladioli, mixed summer flowers and
palms, and flanked on either side by
candlebra, Mr. Ebert Walker, of
Springfield, Illinois, took Mrs. Rou-
mania Payne Grigsby, daughter Of
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Price to be his
bride.
Father j. n. Samuels- Belboder
performed the single ring ceremony
at 1870 am, Wednesday morning
at the residence of the brides par
ents at 919 South Broadway Street
before the immediate families.
Ida Price, the flower girl and
only attendant wore a short dress Of
white gorgette. The very full. ruff
fled skirt was attached to tiny shir-
red bodice and was trimmed with
white baby velvet She carried an
arm-basket filed with old-fashioned
For her wedding, the very attrac-
flowers.
tive bride chose a violet chiffon gown
fashioned with draped bodice. The
skirt was accordian-pleated and
hung gracefully TO the floor asld was
tepred by a tiny jacket. She wore a
single strand Of pearls and watch
the gift Of her mother. Ter corsage
was of pink rose-buds.
Mrs. Price, mother Of the bride
made very striking picture in q
lonb pale blue lace dress fashioned
with v neckline.
Immediately following the eerea
mony, q very delectable breakfast
was served to thirty guests which
induded members OF the family anc
intimate friends. For the breakfast
Mrs. Walker chose a street dress OF
pale blue crepe created with a fit
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1939-08-11
FRANCIS KELLY
/ TO TEACH AT
| GLENDALE, OHIO
BY r. S. DARNABY

TUsKEGEE Institute, Ala Dr.
+. ID. Patterson, President Of Tus-
kegee Institute, was Informed today
Of the appointment Of Francis
Kelly to the principalship of the
Ectstein High School at Glendale,
Chic. Mr.. Kelly, the son Of the late
Captain Charles G. Kelly. who seiy-
cd with the American Expeditionary
Forces il France during the World
War, and Mrs, Fannye Mickcns Kel-
", received bis Bachelor Of Science
degree in Education from Tuskegce
Institute in 1897 and his master Of
rfs degree in History Mt the March
Convocation from Ohio State Uni-
yersity. Mr.. Kdly will assume his
Continued on Page 30
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1939-08-11

Wilberforce Work Experience Cen
ter, co-sponsored by Wilberforce
University.
His appointment fills the vacancy
left when DR.. James II. Robinson of
Wilberforce University was called
upon to devote all his efforts to his
increased duties and responsibilities
at the University
Gather received an MA. degree
from Ohio tsate University in 1898,
his thesis being on Negro Women
m Domestic Service in Columbus,
Ohio" He received his B.A. degree
from Knoxville College, Knoxville,
Tenn, and for five years was prin-
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1939-08-11
MISSOURI SUPR EME COURT
REFUSES TO SHUT DOOR OF
UNIVERSITY TO GAINES

j JEFFERSON CITY, Mo-, Aug g..
The supreme court Of Missour
handed down this week an opinion
reversing the decision of the Boone
County circuit court rendered orig
inasy in the Lloyd Gaines Case in
which Gaines was seeking admission
to the University of Missouri Law
School.
This latest action in the famous
University Of Missouri case is in
conformity with the opinion of the
u. S. supreme court, delivered last
December IL.
The states highest court by its
opinion does not order the Univer-
sity to admit Gaines to its law
school but does not shut the univer-
sity to him. It takes notice Of the
fact that the State Of Missouri,
since the u. S. supreme court opin-
ion, has directed the establishment
of a law school for Negroes at Lin
coin university and has appropriated
sum of 100000 for this purpose
The court hd DIS in it's opinion that
it cannot decide at this date whether
the law school to be established al
Lincoln university is the equal o.
the law school at the University o.
Missouri. 1t holds that this ques-
ton must come before the tria
court and be decided upon it's merit
after the school is established.
The supreme courts present opin
ION hd.ds that if the lower cour
should find as a fact that the newly
established law school at Lincoln j:
not substantially equivalent to thu
facilities offered at the Universit!
of Missouri then the writ must issue
The Judgment Of the Boone cir
emit court was the original decision
in the Gaines case, and denied hin
q writ of mandamus compd ling th'
University to admit him. From thl
decision an appeal was taken the tn
Missouri supree court which afirme'
the denial cf the writ. From thl
decision an appeal was taken TO tn
II. S. supreme court which reverse'
the Missouri supreme court.
Reargument Of the case befor
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1939-08-11
BOTH SCHOOL And RELIEF LEvlES WIN
BY VERY SUBSTANTIAL MAJ0RITIES
SIMPLICITY MARKS THE SETTING
FOR FASHIONABLE WEDDING

i ted bodice closed by a row Of little
pearl buttons. Her accessories were
all of the same matching blue.
After the breakfast the couple
eft for short wedding trip mo-
toring to Columbus and Chicago.
They will establish residence in
Springfield, ILL.,, where Mr.. Walker
is associated with the postal service.
Mrs. Walker, vary vel loved
person was a native of Dayton. She
was a graduate of Steele High
School and attended Fisk University.
She took up the study Of social work
at Chicago University and, for the
past few years has been executive
secretary at the YWCA in Camden,
Nj.
Breakfast Guests
Guests who attended the wedding
breakfast included
Capt. and Mrs. Mallory, Mrs. Flora
Mallory and son, Robert, Mrs. Della
Miller, Miss Ethyl Stewart, Mr.. and
MRS. Joseph Hickerson, Mr.. and Mrs.
Reynold Jackson, Father and Mrs.
Samuels- Belboder, Mr.. and Mrs. Ar
thur Odum and daughter;
Mrs. Flosse Cox, Mrs. Jessie Hath
cock and son, Scott, Mrs.. Bel Pat
ferson, Russell Patterson, Mr.. and
Mrs. Harvey Howe, Mr.. and Mrs.
George Wheeler, Mr.. and Mrs Ralph
! Taylor, DR.. and Mrs. Arnold Shaw,
Matthew Shields, Miss Sue Shields,
DR.. Richard Price, Miss Lillian Cole;
Wendd Grigsby, Miss Halle
Douglas, Thomas Wright, Mr.. and
Mrs. Harry Warmack, Verrel Price,
Mr.. and Mrs. George Hall Of Frank
| lin, O.; Dr.. and Mrs. A. 4. Taylor,
Ida Price, Charles Price, Jr., Mr. and
Mrs. Ebert Walker, and Mr.. and Mrs.
Charles Price.
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1939-08-11
SHELLENBERGER WINS; SCHOOL
AND RELIEF LEVIES PASS

litic;i Office, against John H. Bfei
denhach, now selying his second
term on the commission, and Harry
j. Munger, former member Of the
general assembly. Speicc came
close to nosing Breidenbach out Of
second place. Breidenbach received
I1,733 votes. and Speice 1907,
only 126 less.
Munger led the field by more than
5000 ballots, his vote total ing IL
057.
ShelIenberger Wins
The contest for Republican nom,
ination for chief justice Of the mu.
nicipal court was won hands down
lly Iinfold S1is pnberger who receiv-
ed s,l55 votes against the 3,194 of
his nearest opponent, George Don
son. Donson carried only six pre-
cincts according to board of cleo
tion figures.
Claron III. Supinger, third candl.
date in the Republican judicial con.
test, received only 563 votes.
The sole candidate for judicia
nomination on the Democratic bal
ot was the incumbent, Judge Mer
ritt f. Schlafmon, who received IL,
400 votes.
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1939-08-11

ton of voters in Tuesdays primary,
which saw the passage of the two
mill school levy and the / " mill
relief levy by substantial majorities.
The vote Of 252 precincts on the
school levy was 1887 for and IL
821 against, and on the relief levy
1887 for and 1921 against.
Principal surprise III the uncon
tested nominations for city commits
sion was the strong race run by Free
la. Speice, who has never held po
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1939-08-11
A. D. GATHER
|NYA IN OHIO

COLUMBUS S. Burns Weston,
Ohio Youth Administrator, announc-
ed today the appointment Of A. ID.
Gather as State Supervisor of Ne
gro Activities for the National Youth
Administration in Ohio. Gather
formerly was director of NYA's
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1939-08-11

CINCINNATI - DR.. ! II. p. Nc
Claim, Negro Republican member ON
City Council, notified the Republi-
can city nominating committee late
Monday that he would not be cam
didate at the November election and