davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-10-31
Report
FURNISHED By the Unit,

FURNISHED BY the United
District OF Coumba-Coudy with
aoout 40 degrees tomorrow partly cloudy afternoon
fresh north winds shifting % northwest
MaryandRan
perature '' " ~ e' 49, '~A
Vrgnia-Rain, colder
row partly cloudy slightly portion.
West Vrgna-Cloudy preceded portion colder
northwest portion tonight; tomorrow fair.
Evening star., 1939-10-31

PHOENIX, Ariz, Oct. 31.-Winnie
Ruth Judd, literally wild woman. "
Who sobbed and screamed and threw
things until given sedative to quiet
her, was back in the Arizona State
hospital for the insane today, care
fully guarded
The mad trunk killer, dirty, un-
kempt and half-starved, who said
she saw horrible things" during
her six days of freedom, was
caught last night leaving an at
tache's home on the hospital
grounds which she had entered to
obtain food.
Her shoes were gone. There were
holes In her stockings. Bruises and
scratches on her legs indicated she
had fallen or bumped into objects
while wandering in the dark. One
ankle was sprained and she had
fashioned brace from a girdle.
Carries Food.
In a pillow slip she carried bread
crusts, several cans of soup, spa
ghetti, a glass Of jelly. and nearly
green orange from which she had
sucked the juice.
The new frock and shoes which
she wore when she fled the hospital
last Tuesday night had been ex-
changed for an old, brown coat and
drab blue hat, pulled down over
her ears.
Mrs. Judd, who in 1881 killed
Agnes Ann lie Roi and Hedvig
Samuelson and stuffed their bodies
into trunks which were shipped to
Los Angeles. apparently had been
in the vicinity of Phoenix since
her escape.
Tells of Hiding.
She told Dr. Louis J. SAKE, hos
pital superintendent, she had been
hiding in a cornfield, about IL
miles from the main building, and
in cemetery on the hospital
grounds.
Sheriff Lon Jordan said. however.
he had traced her movements and
that she apparently spent most of
her time hiding in one side of a
duplex, about eight blocks from the
home OF her parents, the Rev. and
Mrs. H, j. McKinnell, whom she
visited a few minutes after her
escape.
Sheriff Jordan said Mrs. Judd
spent the first night in an orange
grove, Wednesday night through
Saturday night at the duplex,
where she carved her initials,
"WRJ' and the date "1O\29 80" on
window sill. Sunday night she
visited a minister in Tempe, 8 miles
east Of Phoenix. and spent three
hours at his house.
Allows Her to Escape.
The minister attempted to return
the insane blond to the hospital
but permitted her to flee when she
threatened suicide. He notified
Sheriff Jordan.
Attendants said they surrounded
Mrs. Judd last night as she left the
residence of Mel Larson. hospital
engineer. When she saw escape was
impossible, they said, Mrs. Judd
walked to the door of the ward
from which she fled and knocked.
Nurses admitted her and rushed
her to DR.. Saxe's Office.
We'll, here 1 am" she said, when
DR. SAKE walked in.
To Gov. Bob Jones she said:
Il told you I would come back. and
did. l kept my word to you. I
wanted to see my father. saw
him and talked with him, then I
came back and gave myself up like
l said I would"
Evening star., 1939-10-31
Widespread Hunt Begun
For Peruvian Flyers
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press
LIMA, Peru, Oct. 3l.-There WAS
no word today Of the two Peruvian
brothers who had expected to land
here Yesterday on a nonstop night
from New York.
Inc aviators-Comdr. Humberto
Gal'lino Of the Peruvian NAVY and
Capt. Victor Gal'lino OF the Peru
wan Army-were last reported
sighted over Miami. Fla, at 1888
pm. tE. S. T) Sunday, after leaving
New York at 1:43 pm.
Their fuel supply of l.150 gallons
was expected to last a maximum OF
80 hours. That limit was passed at
7:43 pm. yesterday. Lima Airport
officials said they may have been
forced down at some remote place
along the 4,0l4-mile route.
Government aviation authorities
began widespread search for the
flyers, and pilots of commercial air.
lines were asked to keep q sharp
lookout.
The Navy directed all its Carib-
oean ships and shore stations to-
night to keep watch for the two Pc
ruvlan flyers who left New York
Sunday on an attempted nonstop
trip to Lima, Peru.
The Navy message, sent at the re-
quest OF the President Of Peru, was
addressed also to United States mer-
chant ships.
Evening star., 1939-10-31
Report for Last "a Hours.

Record for Last "a Hours.
From noon yesterday to noon today
Highest. 50. noon today. Year ago. 50.
Lowest, ~. IL pm. yesterday. Year
Record Temperatures This Year.
Highest. 100, on September 8.
Lowest. II. on February %.
Humidity for Last "a Hours.
(From noon yesterday to noon today)
Highest, "a per cent, at noon yesterday.
Lowest. 81 per cent. at noon today.
River Report.
Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers clear
at Harpers Ferry: Potomac clear At Great
Falls today.
Tide Tables.
FURNISHED BY United States Coast and
Geodetic Survey
To-day. Tomorrow
HlQh --------- 9:45 I'm. 1929 am.
liz, t52T ------------ ,d:3u am. ,5:0S am.
H1eh ---------- 1907 pm. 1852 pm
Low ---------- 4:2O pm. 5:O4 pm.
The Sun and Moon.
Risee Sets
Sun today 6:33 $40
Sun. tomorrow s:34 500
Moon. today------ 1855 pm. GAL am.
Automobile lishts must be turned on
ons.han hour after sunset.
Evening star., 1939-10-31

Uruguay has established heavy
penalties against boarding and price
increasAs.
Evening star., 1939-10-31

. Reprint Of This Section on Heavy Smooth-Fnish
Paper, NOW ON SALE at The Stor Business Office,
11th and Pa. Ave. N.W.-loc Per Copy, by Mail. 15c
Whas happening in Europe"-the changes in name and
of territory Notifications, naval base cties border
boundaries geographically told in complete
tion Invaluable for reference you seek ntegen to fol-
low the and significance of future war developments
Evening star., 1939-10-31
Ruth Judd Guarded
After Wild Return
From 6-Day Freedom
Mad Killer, Trapped
By Hunger, Flies Into
Tontrum When Quizzed

BACKGROUND
Winnie Ruth Judd, held in an
Arizona State insane asvlum
since the murder of t,Do OF her
friends in 1881, escaped $epen
days ago. A dummy ,Das left in
her bed and notes said she in
tended to pisit her husband and
parents.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
Lasf.Minufe Flood
Of Bills in Assembly
Continued from Page /

Continued from Page -
reSentatives in Washington con-
sidered impeachment proceedings
against Madame Perkins.
2. Refusal of the senate rules
committee last night TO recommend
confirmation of ]. F.. MariaS, Gel'
main Bulcke or George Shelmeyel
to the harbor commission. following
a bitter hearing on qualification.
OF Bulcke, president Of the Sal
Francisco lCngShoremen's union
Labor prisoner Tom Mooney. par
doned by Olson two weeks ago, VIZ
a spectator at the hearing but dio
rot speak. The rules committee is
not required to report before tn
recess and may delay action un,
the final legislative session.
3. Agreement of both senate ant
assembly to reconvene on March .
instead of Feb. 27, to give Gov
Culbert Olson more opportunity t.
recover.
4. Introduction of nearly 28Ot
bills up to the final day as tht
assembly held its first night Sc
sion and after setting a record oil
555 bills yesterday. The last-day
influx appeared SO heavy that the
clocks will be stopped to permi'
time for first reading.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25

An additional boost for Ell Cen
tro's building permit total was reg
istered Wednesday, raising the
figure to $49,558.
The 1899 total completely dwarfed
the figure recorded by Jan. %, 1888.
The amount then was $6827, or $42,-
731 less than on the same date a
year hence.
New building applications includ-
ed one for $4,000 given to Ira Matt
land for a filling station at Seventh
and Main streets and $700 permit
for lumber shed at 1926 North
Fourth street given to Aage Kaiser
Other permits included: an $1,000
addition to the Church of God in
Christ at 1876 East Orange street
followed by $1,000 for alterations at
226 North Fifth street, $50 for a
permit for work at 726 Brighton
taken out by l.. A. Dunlap, a $25
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
Hitler May Attack
American Critics

BERLIN, Jan. 25. (UP) - The
Reichstag was summoned today to
meet Jan. 80, the sixth anniversary
of the Nazi accession TO power.
It will hear an important speech
by Reichsfuehrer Adolf Hitler. 1t
was understood that an "examina-
ton" of the tension existing be-
tween Germany and the United
States would be a high point OF the
speech.
Hitler has not worked out his
speech, even in rough draft, but 1t
was believed in authoritative quar-
ters that there would be no polemics
in the course OF an examination
in which there will be direct refer
ences to American Secretary OF the
Interior Harold S. Ickes and Sen
ator Key Pittman, chairman of the
United States senate foreign affairs
committee.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
Union Split on
Clio. Question

DETROIT, Jan 25. (UP)-A dual
union struggle for the estimated
100000 members of the United Au-
tomobile Workers of America was
precipitated today by the disown-
ing of suspended President Homer
Martin, and the recognition of his
union enemies by the Congress of
Industrial Organization.
Martin charged that the CIO had
split the union because he resisted
the dictatorship" of its president,
John L. Lewis.
The announcement that the CIO
no longer recognized Martin as
head of the union was made in
Washington yesterday by Sidney
Hillman and Philip Murray, CIO
yice-presidents. They said he had
identified himself with dual union
ism and arrogant defiance of a
labor union
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
Community Auction

At the Zinnerie Sale Corrals. one
half mile due East of Conn's
Service Station. FL Centro-Fri-
day, Jan. 81.
Sale starts at 1000 Sharp.
Lunch stand on the grounds.
so head of dairy cattle: Fresh
cows, springers, heifers, bulls,
beef COWS, veal calves, baby calves.
first-calf heifers, HolSteins,
2 Guernseys.
Horses and mules, hogs, feeders,
weaned pigs. Chickens and tur-
keys. 1881 Ford pickup, Martin
Rosless Estate car. in good con-
dition. 1928 Buick sedan, good
condition, motor just rebored.
Implements: Used lumber, 900
fl. 1x2, 1000 #. 1x4, 1000 #.
Ike; 6O0-gal. tank; also all kinds
OF implements.
Furniture: Beds, dressers,
chairs, tables, stoves, etc.
M. D. ZINN and F. w. ZINN,
Auctioneers
Office Phi. 172-Res. Pin. l037-M
(ady
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
S73,350 Sought to
Place National
Guard in Valley
0Continued from Page y

Continued from rage -
hibit taxing by cities of firms not
maintaining physical place OF
business within the citys jurisdic-
ton and directed against the licens-
ing of travelling statesmen, was in
troduced by Breed of Piedmont.
A provision for cooperation OF
the department of industrial rela-
tions with the federal government
for enforcement of wage-hour pro-
visions was introduced by Shelley
of San Francisco.
In the assembly King Of Los An
geles introduced a measure asking
that labor difficulties be defined
as a state problem and forbidding
municipalities to interfere unless
in cases of emergency.
One measure asking repeal OF
the bill allowing the director OF
agriculture to set the retail price
of milk after a hearing, and one
restricting the number of liquor
licenses TO one per thousand popu-
lation.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
Farmers Pledge
Bill of Rights
CONTINUED from Page ID

county.
The resolution recognized the
right of every man to join a strike
for better wages and working con-
ditions and his right TO bargain
for himself for the sale of his own
labor.
They declared a man has right
TO refuse TO join union if he
wishes and insisted every man
should have the use of the highway
for lawful purposes, including the
right TO go TO and from work un-
molested even though his route
passes through a picket line.
"A man has the right to demand
the protection of the law and It's
enforcement officers in the exer-
else of these rights" the farmers
said.
The resolution passed by a unani-
nous vote of the directors.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
Roberts Attend
Family Reunion
In Fontana
MELOLAND NOTES

Mr.. and Mrs. Wesley Roberts at
tended a family reunion at the
home of Roberts sister. Mrs. Walter
Minner of Fontana Sunday. Rob-
erts mother, Mrs. c. J. Roberts. of
San Diego and a number of other
relatives were present for the day.
Mr.. and Mrs. J. r. Kinnaird, Mrs.
Ann Mitchell and Miss Margaret
Reed were recent dinner guests at
the John Hartzog home in Holt
vile.
After spending the weekend at
the I. w. McGrew home in e. Cen
tro. Mr. and Mrs. r. Neifert left
Monday for their home in Whittier.
Mrs. w II. Palmer was Saddened
Saturday by news of the death of
her mother, Mrs. Annie Crawford OF
Orange A pioneer of her district,
Mrs. Crawford was eighty-nine
years Of age at the time OF her
death. The Palmers left Sunday
for Orange.
After a two weeks vacation in
the valley Mr.. and Mrs. George
Dyer left Sunday morning for their
home at Clear Lake in the north
ern part of the state. They were
accompanied as faT as San Diego
by Mrs. Dyer's mother, Mrs. Effie
NJ Rumsey.
Mr.. and Mrs. Russell Roy have
chosen William Oliver for the name
OF their son born Jan. l9, in the E
Centre hospital
Mr.. and Mrs. j. r. Kinnaird re-
Gently enjoyed a visit from Mrs.
Kinnaird's brother-in-law, Wade
Stamp, of Long Beach.
Recent guests at the Albert Stud
er home were Mr.. and Mrs. Robert
Eeger and three children. Mrs.
Eeger is Stu6er's sister.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25

other trustee setup because "chisel-
ers' would not enter the agreement,
The trustee prorate setup boosted
prices from less than $40 to $25 per
ton, Harrigan explained but "chis-
elerS" cut down the margin as soon
as the market was established.
Growers then lifted the prorate and
the market submerged to present
low levels.
Under the proposed marketing
agreement program committees
from California and Arizona will
meet to set shipping allotments for
both districts.
Harrigan explained that the mar
keting agreement is the only wea-
pom which can force every grower
to comply with shipping regulations.
A 81 percent approval is neces-
sary to put the plan into effect in
California. Harrigan said
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
Oysters on Hand , So
E|ks Prepare Dinner

FL Centre Elks scheduled their
second oyster dinner of the season
for Thursday night, according to
Exalted Ruler Norman Deaton, but
this time oysters were on hand.
Three weeks ago the Elks PROM
ised an oyster dinner but the sea-
food failed to arrive in time for
the feed.
Five candidates will be initiated
into the lodge at Thursday nights
lodge meeting.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25

should be taken to combat the eX-
tremely low market conditions, the
advisory committee voted that CAL
ifornia set up machinery to put q
marketing agreement into effect
on the date that n similar market
ing clause becomes effective under
a new Arizona law.
Growers pointed out that it may
be too late to salvage any profits
from the 1899 crop, but with a mar
keting program ready to work next
season. prices may then be main
tained.
There is a chance, however. B. A.
Harrigan, agricultural commission
er said, that the order may be put
into effect in time to affect late
shipments of fruit this season.
Growers refused to consider an
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
Pressure Put on
Senate TO Boost
Relief Money

WASHINGTON, Jan. 25. (UP)-
Senate Republicans agreed today to
vote almost en- bloc for the SIPS
100000 relief bill, S150,O00 900 below
the figure desired by President
Roosevelt. The decision was made
at conference called by Minority
Leader Charles L. McNary. Ore.
The senate, resuming debate on
the bill, was almost evenly divided
on the question of restoration of
the measure TO the form submitted
by the president.
Pressure on senators to vote a
1915 100000 appropriation increased,
Telegrams poured into senatorial
offices from chambers of commerce,
relief organizations and others pro-
testing the proposed cut.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
Scout Executive
Named to Speak

Raymond o. Hanson, regional
scout executive, will be principal
speaker at the annual meeting of
the Imperial Yuma area council at
the Barbara Worth hotel Monday
night.
Awards will be presented to coun-
Gil scout leaders and boy scouts,
Hugh Wilcox, executive, announced
Tuesday.
Wilcox urged the public to attend
the meeting. Dinner reservations
may be secured from w. II. Rhodes,
Leo De Celles, Corn Reed or at the
hotel.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
Imperial Valley Press

Established April 90. 1901.
Published everv afternoon except
Saturday and Sunday saturday
afternoon iscue now succeeded
by The Post-Press Sunday es-
tablished 1880 by the Imperial
Valley Publishing company. 625
State street. FL Centric. Calf.
Entered at Ell Centro. California
post office as second class mat
ter.
Paul Jenkins. publisher: A. c.
Johnston. vice-president an d
general manager; e A. Fitz-
hugh. secretary and managing
editor. West Holiday c.. Inc,
National Advertising Represent
atiyes.
Member California Newspap per
Publishers Association.
Subscription rates: &c per copy.
In conjunction with the Post
Press (Sundays), per month,
60c: Paid I'm advance: 3 months.
S1.G6: 6 months 1925: one year,
5000.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25

Worth drive by which the council
ordered present water and sewer
service cut off
The grocery has tapped a sewer
line owned by the government that
serves the U S. immigration border
patrol offices This line, City En-
gineer Phil Knights explained, runs
from the city sewer and was au-
thorized by a special resolution in
1888 which provided an exception
in the case Of the immigration Of
fices.
Councilmen pointed out that il
would be unfair TO grocerymen
within the city limits who pay taxes
TO give city service to a competitor
outside the limits and not required
TO pay city taxes.
The section is owned by the
athletic club owned by w. J. Glenn
ents and c. F. Ferguson.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
Water Basin Work
viii Start Soon

City authorities Wednesday ex-
pected to start work soon on plac-
ing a bottom and repairing sides
for one of the basins at the Ell Gen.
tro water plant.
City councilmen this week reject
ed bids and decided to authorize
the work under force account, be-
lieving that the job could be done
considerably cheaper that way. Ac-
eording to estimates the job will
cost in the neighborhood of $500.
Lowest FL Centre bidder was slight
ly more than $4,000, although two
San Diego bidders were below them.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
McCabe Residents
Journey to Palm
Springs Sunday
McCARE NOTES

Mr.. and Mrs Jack KiSsee are en-
joying a visit from their daughter
Mrs. Alvin Jones. Mrs. Jones
plans an extended visit in the val
ley, before returning to her home
in Pasadena.
Miss Marie Yukawa accompanied
Miss Mary Sears. with whom she
works at the FSA hospital in Braw-
ley. on a very pleasant trip 10 Palm
Springs on Saturday afternoon.
A. A. T1aanum of San Diego
was Valley visitor on Friday. Be-
sides attending business matters he
visited with old friends.
Gerald Upholt spent Sunday
with his parents, Mr.. and Mrs
Henry Upholt of Mt Signal. His
mother is recovering from a recent
Illness.
Little David Boyer celebrated his
first birthday January l9. The
party was held at the home OF his
grandparents. Mr.. and Mrs. M. A.
Mahlmond, who had prettily dec
Grated table. crowned with a birth
day cake with one candle for him.
His friends present at the dinner
were Mr.. and Mrs. Gene Hamilton
Mrs. Daisy Boyer. Gordon Mahl-
mond. and the hosts.
Mr.. and Mrs. Max Stroh were en-
tertained at dinner Sunday by Mr..
and Mrs. Elyin Burnett of El Gen.
tro. The party was in honor OF
the birthdays of Mr.. Stroh and Mr..
Burnett. Other guests present were
Mr.. and Mrs. Peterson OF El Gen.
tro.
Mrs. jim Johnson left Friday for
Texas where she will enjoy visit
with her parents. The object OF
her visit was to attend the celebra-
ton of their golden wedding ami
verSary.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
Trial Dates Set
.For4Pris0ners

Trial dates for four prisoners were
set in Judge r. D. McPherrin's S
court Tuesday.
Dempsey Mullins, Jasper Keeling,
and Levi Erwin will be tried Feb.
20 for attempting to rob Marcello
Carino, Filipino, in El Centre last
December
Sam Knox is scheduled for trial
the same day on a charge of receiv-
ing and disposing of stolen alfalfa
seed.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
Ca|exiCo Woman
Hurt E|Centro

Mrs. Nellie Van zandt, of Calex-
leo. suffered a broken left ankle
late Tuesday night when she step
ped from the curb in front of the
El Centro library, slipped in mud
caused by recent rains and fell to
the pavement.
Mrs Van Zandt was taken to the
El Centro hospital by police officers.
The CaleXico woman had just left
the library with her daughter, Adel-
la. according to- Police Sergeant
George Bucklin.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
Pair Get Burglary
Sentences Friday

Francisco Rodriguez and Fran
cisco Romero will learn their pun
ishment in superior court Friday
for burglarizing three El Centre
establishments.
They told Judge r. D. McPherrin
they burglarized the Pioneer Stor-
age company, the Western States
Grocery and Hunt Brothers pack
ing shed.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
Australian Asks
Data on El Centre

At least one person i'll Melbourne
Australia knows about Ell Centre
He is E. F. Borrie, Melbourne sew
erage engineer who Wednesday
wrote City Engineer Phil Knights
requesting a report on Knights ex-
perience with hydrogen sulphide
gas. The request was explained by
magazine article written by
knights in 1887 ON data gathered
during construction of FL Centre S
outtall sewer.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
Spanish American
Veterans Feted

Boyce Aten Post of the American
Legion was host Tuesday night to
members of the Spanish American
War Veterans organization in I'M
perial Valley.
The World War veterans enter
tanned their seniors at bi-weekly
dinner. which was followed by a
business session devoted largely TO
discussion of a membership drive.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
Sand Dunes Again
Used for Movie

Buttercup Valley in the sano
dunes in eastern Imperial Valley
again will be the locale of a talk
ing picture made of the novel
Beau Gest.'
Forts of a semi-permanent nature
are being constructed preparatory
to shooting scenes about Feb. g.
Construction crews numbering 70
men are at work in the valley.
Paramount plans TO have 500
persons employed at the peak of the
filming.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
French Arranging
Biq Plane Order

WASHINGTON. Jan. 25. UP)-
1t. Gel. G. p Weiser. air attache
at the French embassy disclosed to-
day that a French air mission 10
the United States is negotiating
for the largest order Of fighting
planes ever placed in this country
by foreign power.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
DFSERTION CHARGED
IN DIVORCE SUIT

After l9 years Of married life.
Lula jackson sued M. NJ. Jackson
for divorce. She alleged in d COM
plant filed Tuesday that he desert
ed her Aug. u, 1887. They married
in Wellington, Tex. Jan. 9, 1918.
Their community property consists
of a lot in Winterhaven.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
DEFAULT DIVORCE GRANTED

An interlocutory divorce decree
was granted Marie Taylor Tuesday
when the court declared her hus-
band, Lester d. Taylor, was in de-
fault by failure to appear for a
hearing. Wilful neglect was the
grounds upon which the decree was
granted.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
BuiIdinq Permit Total Here to Date
Dwarfs Similar Period Last Year

permit to Jeta Mae Bryan for re-
roofing garage at 473 Brighton,
a $40 permit for moving a building
given to A. A. Hurst and a $50 per-
nit for roof repairs at Sixth and
State streets.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
REHEARSAL TONIGHT

Imperial Valley Boys band is TO
have dress rehearsal Wednesday
night at 1880 o'clock in the Veter-
ans Memorial hall and at this time
the date for the first public con-
cert will be determined.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
FORGERS PLEAD GUILTY

Two forgers, Glenn KinbrougA
and Charles Baird, will be sentenc-
ed in superior court Friday. They
pleaded guilty to the charges and
are held in the county jail.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-01-25
ATTORNEY FACES ARREST

HAYWARD, Cal, Jan. %. IUP)-
A warrant of arrest was issued to-
day for attorney John w. Lenahan,
Monterey, based On allegations he
failed to appear in court to answer
a minor traffic charge.