davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Glacier County chief., 1939-11-24
BY ELMO

The resentment and suspicion of an
Indian woman cost the United States
its only large herd of buffalo outside
Yellowstone park back in 1906.
cious Of white people, and with other
Indians she resented the governments
opening the Flathead Indian reserva-
ton to settlement.
She also had much influence in her
husbands decisions on business mat
way back around the beginning Of
the 1906, when the great buffalo herds
had almost disappeared through the
invasion of the robe hunters, a band
only a few struggling animals, mciudtt
ing some calves. This was the END OF
the Indians dependence upon the buf-
falo for livelihood.
But the Indians, hoping to propa.
gate a herd in their own country west
number of young animals home with
them. They slowly multiplied.
BY and by, Mitchell eno,; El Pa aWner
ship Of the herd. He built It VI. to
the turn Of the century,
In 1902 the Ell Pablo herd con-
tributed to the foundation OF the pres.
ent Yellowstone park herd Of about
1000 animals. when Col: 9: j. CBu1Iaio o
Theodore Roosevelt to establish the
Yellowstone herd as conservation
measure.
Buffalo Jones Was Hide Hunter
In his early years, when the great
herds still roamed from the Texas
plains northward into Canada, Buffalo
Jones had himself been hide hunter
one OF that army Of waStrels who
sacrificed the monarch Of the plains
almost TO the point Of extinction for
the profit In robes.
When Jones paused to see the great
herds gone and the buffalo apparently
doomed. he turned remorseful for his
part in the great slaughter. Completely
converted he turned conServationist,
and he went up and down the land
preaching the gospel Of government
Intervention to save the noble buffalo.
His idea, even then, was that Yellow
stone park should be the sanctuary
for its perpetuation.
Everywhere he talked to deaf ears.
Western America was still almost viz
gin country. There were great natural
who was worried about a few worth
less buffalo was merely an annoyance
to men of greater affairs. Buffalo
Jones deSpaired the buffalo was
doomed.
During his years Of urging the saw
ing Of the species, Buffalo Jones be-
came interested In the townsite of
Garden City, Kan. Acquiring comfort
able means and fairly large income
from his properties, he had turned his
personal efforts toward saving the
buffalo. A few small, struggling bands
were still wandering about the Texas
Glacier County chief., 1939-11-24

/ 200 animals in the summer of 1906,
mostly yearlings, 2-year-oldS and cows
with calves-the most docile part Of
the herd-with little difficulty. The
animals were shipped to Lamont. near
Edmonton. Alta.
In September. Ayote appeared with
check for $50 900 to take away the
remainder Of the herd. But 1t was not
so easy this time. The old bulls and
the wilder part Of the herd, stirred
the Mission mountains. When cowboys
appeared to work them out to corrals
they charged, and the cowboys lost
no time in going away from there.
After some time In unsuccessful ef-
horses worn out and useless. Ell Pablo
was in despair. He saw 10000 evading
his grasp.
Let them stay" he ordered. per
haps after the winter IS over we can
drive them in; I can do no more"
The 3OO-odd buffalo at large might
still be roaming the Mission noun.
tains. unless taken by poachers.. had
it not been for Charles Allard, a half
breed with many horses. For $4,000
Allard agreed to bring. in the herd;
As to so tophand cowboys at IS day.
he set to work in September, 1907.
Little by little good horses and SUI
perior riders brought results. The first
80 animals were driven to El Pablos
ranch. They were sullen and danger,
GUS They had charged the horses and
riders many times. but no one had
been hurt.
Adding some 80 riders to his crew
Allard trailed the 80 animals to the
| stockyards at Ravalli for shipment to
Lamont. and soon the remainder of
the herd had Joined them for the trip
to Canada.
The former El Pablo herd, it is said.
now numbers some $4,000 animals in
the Great Slave lake country of north
ern Alberta. the largest single herd OF
American bison in the world.
The Yellowstone park herd, offspring
of the El Pablo herd and the Good
head-the number for which range Is
available 1t provides live animals for
ZOOS and other national parks in this
country and abroad. In fact. Yellow
stone more than meets the normal de-
mand for live buffalo, and in recent
years the surplus has been slaughtered
and the meat given to Indians Of the
various reservations near the park.
The Flathead country is not without
its buffalo. however. since there is a
substantial herd at the Montana bison
range near Moiese.
The newest buffalo herd in Mon
tana, however, is the Grow Indian herd
in the Big Horn canyon, near Hardin.
After Chief Robert Yellowtail became
agent for his tribe, negotiations led
| to the establishment of a herd of buff
falo and other wild animals in the
natural corral of the canyon of the
Big Horn river, where precipitous
walls eliminate the necessity Of fences,
except at the opening.
Beginning with comparatively few
animals about five years ago. all Sc
cured from the Yellowstone herd sur
plus, the Crow herd now numbers
around 600 animals, it is said
Tribal plans for utilization of the
herd will probably await growth Of the
herd to the capacity of the range that
| Is available.
Glacier County chief., 1939-11-24

killed one of the buffalo, he replied:
NO. dammit. I forgot my cartridges,
and both the other fellows guns were
of a different caliber than mine" In
his hurry to get his first shot at q
buffalo he had grabbed his rifle, but
had forgotten his ammunition
In July, 1873, about 100 Of the work
men at cantonment No. l on Tongue
river were released, Cromwell among
them. He returned to st. Paul and
finally obtained his coveted job as q
lumberjack in the Minnesota woods,
later being transferred to a sawmil
job at Eau Claire.
The writer of this article, whose
stepfather was a soldier in the Second
United States cavalry, was living at
the cantonment at the same time
Cromwell was employed there, but was
not acquainted with him. 1t was but
short time before Cromwells death
that I became aware of the fact that
he and were both residents Of can
Torment No. in 1877-1878
Cromwell died Oct. 8, 1899, at the
age of So He is survived by a son
and daughter at Eau Claire, Wis.
Glacier County chief., 1939-11-24
Man Who Helped to Build
Fort Keogh Taken by Death

ridge a mile or so east Of the boat.
They were followed by an army am
bulance and a six-mule team. The
man had made the fort by sheer luck.
He reported the situation to the COM
handing officer, who Immediately sent
a doctor with an escort of soldiers to
the boat.
Forgot Volunteers Name
Cromwell, in telling of this incident
many years later, said he could not
remember the name of the man who
made the hazardous journey for help.
The doctor held the boat in quaran-
tine until danger of an epidemic had
passed. Three of the smallpox victims
died and were buried on the banks of
the Missouri, and after three weeks
delay, the Josephine proceeded up
river.
At another time, Cromwell related,
while one of the steamboats, was IN
loading at the landing near the keogh
cantonment, number of mounted In
dams suddenly appeared on the oppo-
site side of the river and opened fire
on those around the boat. One OF the
civilians was wounded and one of the
mules was killed by the Indians fire.
The alarm was quickly sounded and IN
short time company Of the Flfth
infantry, mounted on Indian horses,
rode to the landing. The soldiers rode
aboard the boat, which steamed to
the opposite bank, and the soldiers
took off in pursuit Of the fleeing In
dams. Late that afternoon the soldiers
returned, bringing back l6 Indians and
% ponies. They had overtaken the In
dams on South Sunday creek and had
forced them to surrender. When asked
about the extra ponies, one OF the
soldiers said:
well, when we started back there
were six Indians who were not in any
condition to ride, so we brought in their
| horses"
Buffalo Roamed Near Fort
Cromwell said he thought the name
of the officer in command Of the pur-
suing soldiers was Butler" Capt. E.
| c. Butler was in command Of COM
pany c of the Fifth infantry at that
time Captain Buffers younger son
| Thomas Butler, is the present post
J master at Miles City,
| One day in the fall Of 1877 small
herd Of buffalo that had Swum across
| the Yellowstone was seen grazing on
the flat between the cantonment and
the new fort Many of the civilians
| owned horses, and nearly all Of them
were the owners of rifles They OBJ
tanned permission to see If they could
get a buffalo for their mess tables
They hurriedly saddled up, got their
rifles and rode to where the buffalo
were feeding.
They returned before long and got
team and wagon to haul in their
kill. They said they had killed two of
the animals and were elated at their
luck. One did not seem as jubilant as
the others. When asked If he had
Glacier County chief., 1939-11-24
By D. J. o'MALLEY Nm Kid

A recent issue of the Eau Claire, Wis,
Leader carried the announcement OF
the death of Oliver Cromwell, one of
the last df not the LAST of the large
number of civilians sent from St. Paul
in 1877-1878 by government contractors
to erect two military forts following
the Custer massacre on the Little Big
Horn. These forts were Fort Keogh,
near the present town of Miles City,
and Fort Custer, near Hardin.
In the fall of 1876 the war depart
ment authorized the building of two
environments to house United States
troops while the two forts were being
constructed, the battle of the Little
Big Horn having alarmed the nation
to an extent not justified by the facts.
Oliver Cromwell. who was to be en-
ployed on the construction of Fort
1853. Early in life he followed Horace
Greeley's advice to go west, young
man." and at the age of 10 he was a
driver on the Overland stageline run
ming between the towns of Pueblo and
Las Animas, Colo, where he witnessed
many stirring events. Cromwell drove
stage for three years, when the dis
covery of gold in the Black Hills in
terested him.
Prospected in Black Hills
Cromwell prospected in the Black
Hills for nearly two years, with indif-
ferent success. Then he decided he
would like to be lumberjack in the
Minnesota and Wisconsin woods. The
fall of 1876 found him in st. Paul, but
he found it wasn't easy to get Job
in the woods. He then went to Min
neapolis and worked as a cooper dur
ing the winter Of 1876-1877.
In the spring Of 1877, Cromwell
learned men were being hired for work
in the construction Of the two Mon:
tana military environments. He decided
to go west again, and was hired By
the contractors. With large crew. he
went by rail to Bismarck, Dakota ter
ritory. then the railhead Of the North
ern Pacific.
At Bismarck the crew embarked on
a Missouri river steamboat, the JOS
ephine. The Josephine had not trav-
eled very far when smallpox broke out
among the boats crew. There was no
doctor aboard, so a volunteer was
asked to go to Fort Stevenson, some
IS miles eastward, to bring help while
the boat was tied up at the bank. One
of the construction company's carpen-
| tiers responded. The man had to make
the trip on foot. with only the sun
and stars to guide him.
Carrying only small package OF
food and a revolver, the man set out
on his perilous trip-perilous, for
bands of hostile Sioux still roamed that
On the afternoon Of the fifth day
after the, volunteer had left, those
aboard the Josephine saw a number
of mounted soldiers coming over the
Glacier County chief., 1939-11-24
MOntanans, Inc,
TO Ask for Funds
From, Leqislature

MontananS, Inc, the state chamber
Of commerce, will launch a statewide
campaign to obtain an appropriation
from the 1941 legislature for the pur-
pose Of promoting tourist travel it was
decided at the concluding session OF
the organizations advertising meeting
at Butte recently
Members Of the group expressed the
belief that tourist trade is of benefit
to every Montanan and therefore
should receive the financial support of
the state Sister states. they said, have
made such appropriations with the re-
suit that Montana is tagging in ad-
land to the nation.
The organization approved an ad-
vertising campaign for 1910 which will
include newspapers. magazines, radio.
tourist bureau contacts and other &C.
tivitios.
Glacier County chief., 1939-11-24
MONTANA MOTORISTS like
MONTANA-MADE M0BILGAS

VOUR Friendly Mobilgas Dealer reports that Montana
L owners taking to the Montana made Moblgas
like cowboys to the saddle
Socony Nacuum refining specifications rigid and the
Mobilgas that results from Montana refining of Montana
crude has qualities that make this gasoline farorte
1t is state loyalty alone that is attracting local
to Montananlade Mobilgas 1t the Mobgas
performs in their cars that keeps them coming back!
Engineers call it balanced Performance balanced be-
in Nlobilgas than such
quick You also smooth cleanliness long,
thrifty mcagc-all in gasoline!
Try thankful of the Montana made Mobigas your
car today. You II like it!
Mobgas sold only Mobilgas dealers and sold only
under the Nobgas the Flying Red Horse Sign.
Glacier County chief., 1939-11-24
Mdrias Project Cost
Declared Too High

Surveys Of the proposed s35 900 600
irrigation project on the Marias river
in northern Montana show that pay
ments on construction and mafnte-
nance costs would be $3.50 an acre,
too high for the benefits available
from the project, Montana's senators
have been advised by the bureau of
reclamation.
The surveys were conducted for
year and a half. Both Senator B. Z.
Wheeler and Senator James E. Muir
ray stated they would continue to work
for approval of the project
Glacier County chief., 1939-11-24

At the end Of the 18th century, men
were using cast iron to build bridges.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1939-12-14
HdlfwaY News

The members of the Big Horn
Local of the Farmers Union
met at the Halfway school
house Friday night, December
8. Mrs. Sam Ragland, county
junior leader, installed the fol-
lowing members as officers for
the coming year: G. v. Mabe,
president; Mrs. E. C. Simpson,
vice president; Junior Mabe,
secretary treasurer; Earl Gray,
doorkeepe--; Albert LOOMS, con-
ductor; Mrs. Logan Kingston,
Mrs. Earl Gray and c. R. Faw,
members of the executive com
mittee. The constitution and
bylaws were read. Mrs. Sam
Ragland discussed Junior an0
son was chosen as Junior leader
for this local. G. NJ. Brown was
elected to membership. 1t was
decided to hold a benefit and
a pie sale at the school house
December u in ORDER to raise
funds to send Junior Mabe as
a delegate to the officers train
ing school in Great Falls, which
will open in early January. Ev-
eryone is invited to the bene-
fit and each lady is asked to
bring a pie for the sale.
Mr.. and Mrs. H. w. Clark
spent Monday evening at the
Earl Gray home.
DO your Christmas shopping
in Hardin!
Fred Hankel finished thresl-
ing his alfalfa seed crop Tues
day.
Robert Ewing made a trip TO
the saw mill Wednesday. Ell
route home he attended the cat
tie and horse auction at the
Aberdeen stock yards.
Albert Loomis was tranSacting
business in Hardin Thursday.
Tom FaW hauled drinking
water from Hardin Thursday.
Mr.. and Mrs. H. w. Clark
were visiting friends in Hardin
Thursday.
Melvin LOOMS finished plow-
ing 40 acres of his Mark Real
Bird lease the past week.
MdIIlQ MD d. pullSu LIS
threshing machine in Tuesday
after a long threshing season.
Howard Wedel. Albert LOOMS,
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Ewing and
Earl Gray attended the farm
sale at the H. w. Funston
place north of Hardin a week
ago Monday.
Bill Quilting was a business
caller at the home of Mrs. E.
c. Simpson several days last
week.
Robert Ewing took two head
of cattle to Billings for Ho-
bart Delp Thursday.
Rev. and Mrs. ]. E. H. Mel
son called at the Albert LOOMS
home FRIDAY.
George Simpson attended the
basketball game at Hardin Fri
BETTER HURRY! The Trib-
une-Herald's free fountain pen
and pencil sets are going so
fast the supply is likely to run
short. Get yours today.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1939-12-14

The businessman's record
goes even farther back than
that. Benjamin Franklin, l
printer, made some most i'm
portant changes in and contri-
buttons to the Declaration of
independence even though
Thomas jefferson is popularity
credited with its authorship.
Knowing that background. It
is only natural that Washing
ton should turn with interest 10
some sugg astions made before
I'D b. the Congress of Indu-
try.
The manufacturers were in no
mood to ioin National Press
ClubberS in wisecracks about
how the Federal budget is be-
ing alphabetical now because
there are no more new govern
ment agencies to which letters
can be assigned. The business
men, thinking the problem more
serious than one for wisecracks,
did hear advocacy of heading
back toward government SOL
vency." In 1act, it was suggested
that people should forget some
thing for ne thing theories =
governmental Santa Clauses.
1t was said, too, that although
investigation of the Labor
Board and amendment of the
Wagner Act would help, no law
could force harmonious rela-
lions between an employer and
an employe any more than 4
law could establish love and
respect within a family.
It was contended that labor
should clean its house of sit
downs" and w-doWns' and
accept responsibilities which go
with rights.
Growth of the philosophy
that the world, and particular
ly the government, owes any
man a living without his having
to work for it was deplored. Al
ter all, most of the manufac-
turers present got where they
are by working.
Warnings were sounded, TOO,
against the growth of bureau
cratic despotism." These were
especially timely in view of the
fact that in Europe and other
parts of the world, the welfare
of the individual is suffering in
the expansion of bureaucracy
Vigilance was called for to
protect the American system
against the inroads of ''isms,
removal Of taxes which deter
business expansion was urged;
closer cooperation between in
dustry- Labor, was advocated.
Above all, the manufacturers
found that the American way
of life, and the good things
that are available to individual
citizens because of the produc
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1939-12-14
'@8&4hmq4m
@n91hoh
~ JAMES PREsTo,s

Washington is beginning to
realize that G growing proper
ton of the nation looks to bust :
ness and industry rather than
government paternalism for
leadership out of depression and
unemployment.
Hence Washington eyes OPP
ened to read and ears perked
up to listen to discussions Of
suggestions made by the Con-
greSS of American Industry, for
these recommendations OF steps
to improve business came from
several thousand serious-mind-
ed manufacturers.
Thankful that America has
escaped war, these manufactur-
ers this year did not limit
their big annual convention 20
a simple discussion of problems
within their own field. Instead,
they looked at America, COM
pared it with the rest OF the
world and tried to find out
what America has, how it got
it, and how it can keep it N
the future.
They talked freedom against
dictatorship and government
made life-freedom of oppor-
tunity, of religion, OF speech,
of the press. They studied IN
detail the contributions that
manufacturing, as an essential
part of the American system ~
private enterprise. has made
and can MAKE to the nation as
a whole.
Even some Washington plan
ners were impressed by the re-
port to the convention that
more than half of the time Of
% committees of the National
Association of Manufacturers IS
devoted to critical self-analysis
of industry" Few, if any, other
groups, including the planners,
can beat that record of SELF
analysis.
It is a wholesome sign when
manufacturers undertake to
study American fundamentals
and determine what contribu-
tons they can make to the gen.
eral betterment. But it is no.
thing new for them. $50 years
ago, many Of the delegates to
the Constitutional convention
were businessmen. And the law
yers who participated realized
that without business there
could be no nation.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1939-12-14

Mrs. Jay Lee called on Mrs.
Robert Ewing Friday.
Mr. and Mrs. c. R. Faw were
Hardin shoppers Friday after
noon.
Roland Wedel, Shelby Hodges,
and Hugh Hamilton were MAX
ing calls in this valley Friday.
Junior and Jimmy Ewing were
confined to their home the lat
ter part Of last wees, with in
fluenza.
Mrs. Ivan Clark was in Har-
din on business early Saturday
morning.
Archie Macdonald recently
purchased a tractor from Pete
Rob. He took it home Thursday.
A group of people met at the
school house Sunday evening
to practice Christmas carols.
Mr.. and Mrs. Hobart Delp and
sons, Jack and Robert, called
at the Earl Gray and Albert
LOOMS homes Sunday.
Mrs. Carl, formerly Mrs. E
Grisham, was visiting with old
friends here last week. Families
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1939-12-14

Mrs. Carl visited included Ho-
bart Delp, Ford Davis, c. V.
Mabe and J. L. Blackburn.
Edna, Harold and Leroy
Knaub spent Sunday afternoon
at the Pete Rob home.
Robert Ewing and Earl Gray
were Hardin business callers on
Saturday morning.
Mr.. and Mrs. Pete Rob en-
tertained as their guests Mrs.
ROh'S brother and SiSter-in-laW,
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1939-12-14

Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Steinmetz of
Hardin, Sunday evening.
Tom Faw called at the Hobart
Delp home Friday.
Mr.. and Mrs. H. w. Clark
visited at the Ivan Clark home
a week ago Sunday.
CHRISTMAS GIFT! The Trib-
une-Herald has one for you and
suggests that you come in TO-
day. A beautiful pen and pen
Gil set in attractive gift box.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1939-12-14
STATE BUYS BONDS

Montana bought bonds in the;
amount of $79,664.71 in Novem-
Der. according to a report by
State Treasurer Ray N. Shan
non. The purchases brought.
to $18,454,6 00.61 the amount.
of bonds hello by the state the
first of December.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1939-12-14

ton of private enterprise under
the American system, are worth
defending, protecting. and ex-
banding. No real American can
disagree With that conclusion.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1939-09-19

Your-Way-To-A-Job contest. Three hum
bred of them won $50 900 worth of prizes
donated by private industry, universities,
and officials. First prize went to the in
genious young woman who noted that in
these days Of old-age pensions, many
people seemed helpless in digging up the
proof of birth that Is the first requisite.
Her idea of creating job was to estab-
of birth for people who required it.
Ingenuity of that kind ought to be
valuable to somebody. In 1899, just as in
5000 B. c., there's no substitute for
brains. From a concentration of thought
like this, new ways of making living
are bound to emerge, making places and
openings for youth which did not exist
before.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1939-09-19
Sheer Nerve

Call it sheer nerve, cheek, or crust,
whatever you will, the newest German
move reported b. inc United Press GER
tainly ought to win Brass Cross for the
fellow who thought it up.
1t is simply this: In Belgium, the Ger
man consulate has posted notice that
doctors, engineers and technicians "of
German nationality regardless of race"
are invited to come home to Germany.
This could mean nobody but the Jews,
and it could mean nothing but that lack
of their trained technical ability is now
being felt by the country which so
brutally and ruthlessly expelled them.
and drove them as beggars into the world
beyond its borders.
Needless to say, any Jewish technician
lured back into Germany on any such
grounds as the promise to repatriate him
and restore his stolen property, would be
too dumb to be of much help to Hitler or
anybody else. Our guess is that there
won't be many.