davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-04-03

Verdun, the German Army vainly
tries to indent the Maginot line and
finally is thrown back. The author,
like the high command, regards the
line as practically impregnable.
However, he does point out some OF
its weak points. Fog, frequent IN
that region, often conceals what
takes place in the valleys below from
the view of the observatories. The
rising sun directly in the eyes of the
defenders also hampers them greatly
in taking aim. Great harm could
be done to the whole system by a
single spy or traitor, who could man
age to get in and sabotage any OF
the many vital spots.
Before the war of 1914, books by
Commandant Danrit, describing the
forthcoming war, had been tremen-
dously popular in France. The au-
thor Chis real name was Col. Driant) f.,
who later gained world fame by he
roically defending the Fort OF Vaux
at Verdun, died a few months ago.
French critics herald Commandant
Verdun as the modern Danrit and
believe his anticipations of the fu-
ture war are more accurate than
were those of Col. Danrit, who had
not yet fought war when he wrote
his books. The authors experience
of actual warfare. In particular at
Verdun, lends reality to "War Un-
derground," and is highly COM
mended, notably by the famous war
general, Marshal Franchey DEs-
percy.
(Copyright, 1889. by the North American
Newspaper Alliance, Inc.)
Evening star., 1939-04-03
no one will deny the need for such

no one will deny the need for such
training.
II feel that your campaign is
meeting a real need In the lives of
some of our boys here in the District
and I want to highly recommend
both the Young Mems Christian
Association and The Evening Star
for their work in this connection. "
Corps of Instructors.
E. Holt Neese, boys swimming in
structor at the Y. M. C. A., and
William T. Fry, associate boys work
director at the "Y," who are jointly
in charge of the campaign have an
adequate corps of instructors and as
sistants and hope for registration
of $50 boys for the campaign. All
entries must be in at the boys de-
partment Office, 1882 G street NV.
by noon next Saturday. For the
convenience of the boys The Star
is running Can You Swim?" cou-
pom, bearing instructions, which the
boys may take with them when they
go to register.
Evening star., 1939-04-03
Washington Observations
State Departments Intelligence Service
Functions Efficiently During European Seares

was a newspaper publisher in his
home city.
From a Harvard st-graduate
student of this observers acquaint-
ance, who is by way of achieving
his Phi. D., comes a request which
has at least the merit of topical
uniqueness. He's looking for a
Washington patent lawyer, who can
guide him toward a license from
Uncle Sam to manufacture and op-
crate at the New York Worlds Fair,
a contrivance described as an ap-
paratus for getting the hate out of
the American system. The ingeni-
GUS son of the Crimson has invented
a pitch" or "shy," consisting of the
figures of four well-known person.
ages-Roosevelt, Hoover, Hitler and
Mussolini. He thinks tens of thou
sands Of fair visitors would gladly
pay a quarter for three "shies" at
one OF their pet aversions. To have
the opportunity of hurting a missile
at the eff1gies Of any or all of the
gentlemen in question would, my
young correspondent thinks, enable
numbers of people to vent their
spleen harmlessly and inexpensively.
Father Paul Schultz, the flying
priest" who weighs $50 pounds, has
just reached Washington with the
equipment for the worlds first "fy-
Ing chapel" 1t is to be installed
IN the amphibian plane specially
reconstructed for him at Parks Air
College, in East ST. Louis, ILL., The
key piece in the chapel is a tiny
altar, manufactured in Italy. OF
ornate brass in the form OF trip
tych, 1t contains panels of spiritual
design, painted by renowned Flor
entine artist. The central panel is
a portrait of the Virgin Mary as
Our Dear Lady of the Shows"
The other panels depict in allegory
Father Schulte's flights across the
Arctic on errands of mercy. The
flying priest" German military
aviator during the World War, re-
Gently applied for American citizen
ship. In Washington he makes his
headquarters at the house of the
Order of the Oblate Fathers, to
which he belongs, at Catholic Uni
versity.
When Mr. Roosevelt returns from
Warm Springs he will discover that
Va
cratic presidential nomination has
suddenly got into full swing. He
will also discern. perhaps to his dis
may, that the Garner boom is grow
ing like SNOWFALL Probably the
most disconcerting feature of the
whole business, in Mr. Roosevelt's
view, is that the Garner move
ment' is openly and universally
identified with Jim Farley. Some
Wiseacres wouldn't be surprised II
the situation isn't rapidly reaching
point which will require the Pres
ident to take some notice of 1t, pro
or con-directly or indirectly-lest
the impression crystalline that the
Garner proposition has his blessing,
or at least doesn't arouse his disap-
proval. An astonishingly large num-
ber of people continue to look upon
Mr.. Roosevelt as receptive third
termer. Some of them don't put 1t
past him that he hopes for inter-
national complications which would
force his denomination on the don't
swap-horSes- in mid stream issue.
(copyright. 193eD
Evening star., 1939-04-03
French Officers S Book Describes
Next War on Moginot Line
Novel Pointing Out Strength, Weakness
Of Underqround Fort Held Prophetic

the villages along the border, ana,
with the assistance of the regular
outposts, delay the German advance
long enough to rush men in from
the barracks. Guns are already
aimed at the various spots through
which enemy forces must pass. The
real battle then begins.
All this apparently conforms ex-
actly with the provisions Of the
French general staff.
The author, whose real name is
Lucien Souchon, Is a regular army
officer who resigned and wrote "Feu
L'Armee Franchise" (the late French
Army 10 years ago, when the gov
ernments then in power failed tc
keep the army on footing he
thought adequate to national de-
fense. He kept close contact with
the French general staff ever since.
The Maginot line, according to
Commandant Verdun, is different
from all other fortifications ever
made before by man. It is con-
tinuous barrier, like the famous Chi
nese wall, but underground. No wall,
no ditch, no star-shaped swelling of
the ground is apparent. Reinforced
concrete turrets naturally crop out
here and there. But every vital
organ lies deep within the earth,
under the natural hills, often pro-
tected by a layer of 40 yards of earth
over the concrete. The heaviest
shells cannot penetrate the earth
beyond 10 yards, and these are shot
by cumbersome artillery which can
not easily be set in place.
Suffocation Is Greatest Risk.
Suftocating is greater risk than
being squashed. But compressed
fresh air from far behind the lines
is blown in so as to maintain within
the system pressure always Slight
ly superior to the open air. When
one passes near an opening he al
ways feels a draft from within.
Thus, in case of an attack by gas
shells, no toxic gas can creep into
the galleries. Filters, like enormous
gas masks, purify the air from
without before 1t is blown in.
.W1tIlAIl IIllS uuHe Underground
concrete building everything is or
ganized as on a battleship. Every
thing is run by electricity, lighting,
cooking, transportation. Power from
outside is brought in by cables
buried deep in the ground. In case
the power stations are put out of
order or the cables cut the fortress
can supply its own power.
In the novel by Commandant
Evening star., 1939-04-03
Randolph |ndorses
Swim Campaign
Of Star and "
D. c. Committee Head
Says Drive Meets
Real Need Here

Representative Jennings Randolph
of West Virginia, chairman of the
House District Committee yesterday
heartily Endorsed the boys Learn
to-Swim Campaign" to be conducted
April 10 to Is by the boys depart
ment of the Central Young Mems
Christian Association, in co-opera-
ton with The Star.
Declaring the campaign offers "a
splendid opportunity" for boys in the
District and nearby to learn to swim,
Mr.. Randolph said:
Il want to take this opportunity
to enthusiastically indorse the an
nual "Learn-to-Swim Campaign"
conducted by the Young Mems
Christian Association in co-opera-
ton with The Evening Star, which
will be held this year during Easter
week.
"Splendid Opportunity"
This campaign affords splen-
did opportunity for the boys of the
District of Columbia and surround
ing communities to learn the funda-
mentals of swimming. Children who
live in large cities like Washington
often do not have an opportunity
to learn how to swim and I believe
Evening star., 1939-04-03


permen that his sojourn in Georgia
may end on short notice without
significance. Just before leaving
for his recent cruise with the Navy
In the Caribbean, Mr.. Roosevelt sub
jected himself to some criticism for
limiting mysteriously that he might
have to return to Washington sooner
than planned because of ominous
rumblings in Europe. Some OF his
critics called him a scaremonger.
Almost Immediately afterward, Hit
ler seized Czecho-Slovakia, con-
firming the Presidents fears prompt
ly and up to the hilt. Seldom has
the State Departments trans-At-
lantic intelligence service functioned
so efficiently as during the con-
temporary period of international
alarms and aggressions. The result
is consistent disinclination by
Secretary Hull, Undersecretary
Welles and their associates to in
dulge in sunny optimism that peace
is just around the corner.
Now that the United States has
recognized the Spanish Nationalist
government. it is expected that Juan
Francisco de Cardenas. since July
1896, Gen. Frances agent in New
York and former Ambassador OF
Spain to this country, will be re-
appointed Spanish envoy at Wash
ington. When Senor de Cardenas
was asked the other day what the
relationship between him and Presi-
dent Cardenas of Mexico is. the diplo-
mat replied: Hes my Indian cous-
in" Mexico. Cuba and Chile, be-
cause of alleged red" sympathies
and influence, are said by Franco
adherents to be the only Latin
American countries that are out OF
tune with the new rulers Of Spain
American friends of Miss Alice
Masaryk, daughter Of the late first
President of Czecho-Slovakia, Dr.
Thomas G. Masaryk. asked the State
Department last week to inquire re-
garding her safety, following Hitler's
occupation of Prague. Word has
reached Washington that Miss
Masaryk was not molested and Is
quite safe. She Is the president OF
the -Slovakian National Red
Cross, and has a wide acquaintance
In the United States, of which her
mother was a native.
\
DR.. Never Jacobstein, who spent
three terms in Congress as the
Democratic Representative OF the
Rochester IN. " district, Is re.
suming his residence in Washington
this week as private citizen. Uni
versity professor and economist BY
profession, DR.. Jacobstein has &C
cepted a position on the staff OF the
Brookings Institution. After leaving
Congress he was informally asso'
ciated with Brookings, and in 1873;
collaborated actively with the presi'
dent Of the institution, DR.. Harold
G.. Moulton; Senator Wagner, Don
aid R. Richberg, Gen. Hugh john
son and others in the formulation
of the original plan from which
N. R. A., of unlamented memory
was incubated. While on Capito
Hill, DR.. Jacobstein enjoyed a high
reputation as an outstanding au'
thority on economic and revenue leg
islation. In 1928 he voluntarily re.
tired from Congress to become
Rochester bank president. Later hi
Evening star., 1939-04-03
Teachers Federation
Elects Officers

Adelaide Hemingway was elected
president of Local 622, American
Federation of Teachers. at meet
ing held Saturday night.
Other officers chosen were Ida S.
Taylor, vice president; Vira M
Barnes. secretary. and Dorothy S.
Strange, treasurer. David Volter
and Lionel Cromwell were chosen
delegates to the Central Labor
Union. Alice Coe Landman, repre-
sentative of the Private School
Teachers Union. No. 533, conducted
installation exercises.
Evening star., 1939-04-03


Here the condition Of American affairs, Hitler
preached the decisions of the March crisis:
The American labor split to the with the
American Federation Of refusing bulge inch
in order to achieve unity.
The business community organized by big business and
big banking has thrown the weight Of private economic
institutions against the decisions of popular political nstu-
tion The demand for when analayd consists
Of demand that the Government helping the unemployed
protecting the rights labor demand that laid
those least able eased those who the
greatest financial demand fiscal policies that
have spelled ruin
The farmers have against labor whole and
In particular, against the unemployed workrelef.
conservative Democrats of the South have been lined
against the President the policies the which their
party political victory 1882 and again 1886 with cavages
tending high up into the Roosevelt administration.
Racial religious
spirit has been revived anJew
and antiCathoic movement in the making Word from
Mdween State tells that the ministers publicly
codmning the Catholic parishes for permitting the Of bngo
parties to raise funds for the church.
aen sentiment is coming like thunder The House
of Representatives bill which would
of Labor alien advocates
change form Of Government Hostility
American Bund to the Communist specifically,
Harry Bridges behind this should
the Committee Labor seriously pro-
posas mpeah Miss Perkins for failure deport Bridges
Evening star., 1939-04-03
By PIERRE DENOYER.

PARIS. April 3 (NA.NA0.-What
war will be like on the Maginot
line, the famous line of fortiflca-
tions. of France, is described by a
French officer, Commandant Ver-
dun, in a new book, La Guerre
Souterraine' (war underground 4,
which is capturing the imagination
of the younger French generation.
The publisher, M. B. Denoel,
beaming with joy at the sales
bounding beyond expectation, told
your correspondent: The recurring
menace of war brings military ques-
tions again to the fore. I thought
the moment had come when all the
young men who will be called to
fight the next war should know
what it will be all about"
Written as a novel, the book Is
full of informative material on the
Maginot line and on the forces that
defend it.
Material Was at Hand.
Commandant Verdun imagines
that hte German Army, out of a
clear sky, pounces on the Maginot
line. which is only a few miles be-
hind the Franco-German border
line. German war material is at
hand. 1t has been brought over to
the border during one of the pre-
vious periods of alarm, the latest
concerning the Belgian territory at
Eupen and Malmedy. But 1t has
been left behind and camouf1aged
when the troops were recalled. Thus,
while every one thinks peaceful re-
lations are firmly restored, "the
Fritz" fully equipped, jump over the
border at night without warning
or notice.
The Notifications are not nor
mally occupied, except by the few
pickets charged with the upkeep
of the machinery inside. The troops
live in barracks some distance away.
The German plan is to snatch the
fortress by surprise, to reach the
entrances before the trusting French
command has had time to send
the defenders inside.
Fortunately, a friend from across
the border passes word. The roads
leading from Germany into France
are already mined. A lever switches
the electric current on and the first
German tanks are blown up just as
they have crossed the border.
In the meantime, gendarmes have
called to arms the younger men of
Evening star., 1939-04-03

Henderson place in the New Deal bit different
from that generally supposed He is liked and admired by the
President but he is not White House intimate like Harry
Hopkins Tom Corcoan He visits the President nfrequent
The New Deal leaders Hokns Cocoran Cohen Bob jackson
and the ohers have for him. and while he
them quite often he not in the top flight OF the inner circle
He described his position follows Il much less OF
the President and the boys than people think They don't have
to check In with me- They know how I feel"
Perhaps Hendersons explained best by usa
ton of the of work generally behind the
In the President disturbed by signs OF the
business National Resources
Board study anayzng future and
suggesting Immediately recruited Henderson and they
officials
then elaborate pesssic
entitled Problems the Industrial
relief
monopes preview later became the
administrators program.
unnoiced and the main Hendersons
reputation
period that times expected
ridcued
technn cited evidence
and the decreasing number of families doubling in single
houses and apartments His second forecast spectacular During
the winter OF 1857 he called the Of the second
time when few economists would take the chance.
Henderson has unusual confidence in his own ability and
he named the will quams taking OF
the most Jobs He has little detailed knowledge
of the securities the Holding Company Act that the c.
But he has had experience captain
Evening star., 1939-04-03
Introduction.

Democracy has become almost
overnight the subject of spirited
discussion among Americans. At
banquet tables and across lunch
counters, in limousines and on troll
ley cars, over radios and from pull
pits, democracy" is defined and
defended and disagreed about. Just
what do we American people mean
by our democracy? For genera
tions we have relaxed in the warm
knowledge that our country has
it and that it's great thing. Now
we have been hearing it derided.
We have heard it called a futile
neutral thing compared to other
forms of government. We have
even recently witnessed the sur
render of democracies not unlike
our own to the avowed enemies of
democracy. We want desperately
to cling to our democracy, and so
we try to analyze it, and so we
ask our friends, What do you
think is essential to a political
democracy? Checks and balances?
The rule of majority? Emphasis
on the Individual? A written Con-
stitution? Consent of the people?
Civil liberties? Separation of pow
ers? The Federal system? Uni
versal suffrage? What things must
we defend and cling to in order to
preserve our democracy?" And our
friends say, "We-ell, I haven't
thought about it much in those
terms. All 1 know is we must
hang on to It," We all know that,
but our democracy is no longer on
institution to be taken for granted.
It's time to take stock of the most
precious possession we have.
Evening star., 1939-04-03

of Poland, i'm
portant though
this is as a mill
t ary warning,
but the revela-
ton that mil
lions of persons
In Germany are
q C e S S | b ! e to
world opinion by
short wave ra-
dio.
The fact that
q considerable
number of Ger
mans listen reg
ularly to broad
= q c + c frnn,
Evening star., 1939-04-03

pracicng economist most of his life He taught at the onvesy
Institute Of Technology and Tor nine
Foundation After his period at
Democratic National CON-
mttee Harry Hopkins at the w. P. A.
Coupled recent appointments plans for Hendersons
determined ever
sails AS has been said Henderson 100 per center
also of the most vigorous proponents OF
the spending policy chairman, we'll become
White House Therefore his back
opinions important
Copyright North
Evening star., 1939-04-03

In the Ordnance Department
during the war, as a Pennsylvania
State official and as a member of
the N. r. A. Board. He thor
oughly believes in round-table
discussions between Government
and business and, though his Sc
lection will disquiet Wall Street.
the brokers and bankers will get
a chance to be heard.
A graduate of Swarthmore
College, Henderson has been
Evening star., 1939-04-03

pean situation,
do not conceal
and, Of course,
are not intended
to conceal that
1t is President
RooSevelt's views
which are thus
finding express
sion. There Is
equally littl e
doubt that his
sympathieS are
fully engaged on
the stop Hitler
side. Nor Is F..
D. RS statement
Evening star., 1939-04-03

that was true
and it never was
true in the in
vidious sense in
tended there
are now on the
court, doninat-
ing it, six (soon
to be Sc ep)
youngish m e n
who not only are
no bra k e to
progress, but are
very likely to be
found greasing
the wheels. The
two others, Of
cO,lrce are .J11S.
Evening star., 1939-04-03

Nowhere this side OF Utopia If there democracy
agree on all subjects democracy disagree
but these dsagreemen beyond normal debate and adjustment
contrasting opinions They strike the foundations
American commonwealth,
they threaten parayzed
the hour of critical decision
America but along the lines Munich
it must be a two-way affair.
Evening star., 1939-04-03

need for prompter, more respon-
sible and more united political
action in America. For this rea-
son, the New Dealers are deeply
disturbed by the persistence Of
cleavages in our public opinion.
They themselves are willing to
make substantial concessions in
principle and in fact, for the sake
of national unity, but they are
alarmed to see their willingness
to engage in give-and-take made
Evening star., 1939-04-03

BY FREDERIC WILLIAM VILE.
Guardedly worded news dispatches
from Warm Springs, rejecting the
of sources close to the
White House" regarding the Euro
Evening star., 1939-04-03

necessarily The Stars Such opinions are presented IN TIE
readers although such opinions may contradictory among
themselves and directly opposed to The Stars
Evening star., 1939-04-03
High Court
Steps Ahead
|Of Congress
Income Tux Ruling
Held to Open Way
For Wider Lew
BY CHARLES G. ROSS.

Once there were on the Supreme
Court. so it was said, Nine Old Men,
who were acting as a brake on the
wheels of progress. Whether or not
Evening star., 1939-04-03

appOlnCeQ b successor 10 .. +, ..
Chairman William O. Douglas,
but White House intimates book
him as a 7-to-3 favorite. Even II
the President changes his mind,
he will be given more authority
in the monopoly investigation, of
which he is executive secretary.
His promotion, of course, is not
only reward for his loyalty, but
a victory for the New Dealers who
SDOnSOred him.
Evening star., 1939-04-03
the People
Time for Appeosement Has Come in U. S.,
But 1t Must Be Two-Woy Affair
BY JAY FRANKLIN.

The strength Of democracy that permits wide difference
opinion in normal that national decisions be taken with
all elements public opinion mind method
public decisions finally adopted receive unoced
support democracy vitality
naction when action imperative
With the rise Of
Evening star., 1939-04-03
The Capital Parade
Leon Henderson, Believed Slated to Head S. E. C.,
Noted for Forecasts Of Prosperity and Depression

BY JOSEPH ALsOP and ROBERT KNTNER
Deal economist oquacous fellow
daund period
administration policy not clear said the President rd like
which going have been singing by
off key The President laughed and answer Leon
always good singer"
follows the New party line And he
At this writing President
Evening star., 1939-04-03
Radio Hailed
As Means to
Stop Hitler
Writer Says Germon
People Can Be
Reached by Air
By DAVID LAWRENCE.

The best news over the week end
which may point the way to world
peace was not the announcement
of British policy toward the defense
Evening star., 1939-04-03

Herr Hitler Is not to be blamed
if he concludes from this snap
shot of contemporary democracy
in the United States that this
country would be impotent to do
more than squawk. In this con-
clusion he would be strengthened
by the attitude of the isolation
ist bloc. the neutrality bloc and
the bloc which wants the Amer
ican people to hold a referendum
before its Government is per-
mitted to engage in self.defenSe.
Evening star., 1939-04-03

Protection of your own life and
limb Is your responsibility - well
as Others.
Evening star., 1939-04-03
The A B 6
The u. S. A.

This is the first OF a series OF
IL miniature essays on democ-
racy, sponsored by the National
League OF Women Voters.
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1939-07-13
Contour Farming

The new type of farming, known
as contour farming, appears to be
permanent acquisition for agricul-
ture because it definitely reduces
erosion losses. It makes for a more
efficient utilization of the land, says
writer in the Missouri Farmer.
One objection to it by farmers is,
however, the point rows this type
OF farming makes when row crops
are grown. The point rows result
because the fields are usually
square and the rows no longer fol-
low the line or cross fences but
follow the contour of the slope in
stead.