davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1939-08-26
N.A.A.C.P. Studies Conditions Under
Which Strip amt Victims Worked

Potatoes cannot be picked at mid
Gay in this hot weather (the sea-
son runs roughly from the middle
Of July to the middle Of Septem-
ber), SO it is customary for them to
work from seven in the morning
TIL about noon, lay off several
hours and work till dark.
"A farmer can keep them idle all
cay if he wishes and call them out
suddenly, late in the afternoon if
ne finds that he can sell a load of
potatoes if they can be picked
promptly. Under these circum-
stances the Negroes who are most
inadequately paid. are forced to
work under conditions and for
numbers of hours which even a
slightly less depressed group would
refuse to tolerate.
Paid Low Wages
1.-THE farmers in this district con-
tract with bosses from the Soutn
They deal only through the boss
who brings whatever number Of
Negroes with him that the farmers
want. The boss is paid and he dis
tributes the money among the
workers. The rate paid by MT:
Ley, whose farm the attacH &C.
Cured, is seven and cDe=hah cents
yer UNDERGROUND Dag Of pota.
toes. (The contractors in this sec
ticn get an average OF seven, eigh.
rine cents per hundred-pound bag
The average price paid workers Is
three to four cents per bag, though
in some cases it is as low as tw7
and one-half cents. The workers
suend approximately four days PEI
week at work.
Attack Victims
II was unable to determine wha'
wsges are paid here. However, Mr.
Dey said that seven dollars a weel
. these Negroes is Big Money I,
addition to this money the onll
other thing provided by the EN-
Foyer for the workers is livini
quarters, if they can be called sucn
The usual provisions made for thi:
are simply a few bags for them t.
put down in a barn or shack, l.
there is one on the place. On one
farm the living quarters consist o.
a block Of taxpayer covered frame!
which were originally built to serve
as chicken coops"
The victims of the mob attack
which took place on the farm o
Raymond Dey, near Cranbury N. ]
included:
Jake Preston, %, and his wife
Mrs. Frances Preston, also %. botr
# Coleman. Ga: Monroe Holmes
"a. of Philadelphia. Pa; Louis
Streeter, 10, and Ode Street, "a
Goth of Augusta, Ga; James Jor
Jan, %, of Quincy, Fla, and william
Moten. Al, of Greensboro, Ala.
Forced TO Undress
All OF the victims, who lived IL
a shack on the Dey farm. with
only a partition separating Prestoi
and his wife from the other work
ers. were aroused from their bed
shortly after midnight Friday, An
gust II, by a mob Of whites. VIII
flashed lights in their faces, A,
were forced to disrobe completely
Including Mrs. Preston.
Five OF the men were chase.
across the Dey farm to the ture .
pistol shots. Mr.. and Mrs Pres
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1939-08-26
Say Students In Virginia
Need More School Buses

RICHMOND, Va, Aug. %
Only Sc percent of the
Face children of Virginia as
compared with 3 percent of
the white school children rode
to school in buses during the 1887
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1939-08-26

lege, was the
presentation of a
travelling bag to
H. C. Ray, dis
trict extension
agent in recog-
milton Of his IS
years of contin-
uous service in
extension work.
William Har-
ris, c o u n t =
agent, Helena,
made the pres
entation on be-
half OF the ex1
tension workers
Of the state.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1939-08-26
Ark. Farmers
Honor Ray
For SerUice

PINE BLUFF, Ark, Aug, ga
surprise feature of the All Short
Course and Farmers conference,
which closed a three-day SESSION.
rere Thursday at AM. and N. col
Worcester Democrat and the ledger-enterprise. (Pocomoke City, Md.) 1921-1953, 1939-05-26
Cokesbury News

Mrs. Ralph Taylor entertained the
"Busy Bees" last Thursday night. A
very pleasant evening was spent in
business and games. Delicious ice
cream and cake was served by Mrs.
Taylor.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph Harris and chill
dren of Salisbury, Nd, and Mrs. r.
H. Harris, of Pecomoke City spent
last Sunday with Mr.. and Mrs. Edgar
Atkinson.
Mr.. and Mrs. Jack Hurley, of New
Church, Va, Mr.. and Mrs. Tom How
ard and son, Billy and Mr.. and Mrs.
Marion Birmingham, Jr., of Pocomoke
and Mr.. and Mrs. Russell Bundick of
this place were dinner guests at the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. Marion Brit
tingham last Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Voorhis Valentine, of
Huntington, L. I. are visiting the lat
ter's parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Clarence
Butler this week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph Taylor and
son, spent last Sunday with relatives
Worcester Democrat and the ledger-enterprise. (Pocomoke City, Md.) 1921-1953, 1939-05-26

it. And if you think this is gruesome
you don't know Horace, or the charm
of the rigaamarole in which the saga
unfolds. No one seems to know where
this folk story originated, whether in
New England, Middle Western or 9th
er places, but this very satisfactory
version was found in England by
Rose Dobbs and Alice Coats had given
it the perfect pictures. The last pic
ture after Pa hadn't the heart to do
it when he and only Horace are left
illustrates the line: "And the next
day Horace went out hunting!" The
neat touch is that he is wearing Pas
deerstalkers cap.
The Honor Books, five in each class
are as follows: For Younger Children:
can Ear For Uncle Emil' by Eva
Roe Gaggin. Viking Press. $500.
"Travels of Snail", by Eleanor
Hoffman. Stokes, $1.50.
"A Book of Wild Flowers" Mar
garet Mckinney. Macmillan, $500.
"The Young Aunts." by Alice Dag
leish. Scribner, SITS.
"The Little French Farm" by Ida
and Helene Guertik. Harper, $1.OO.
For Older Children:
"The Sword of Roland Arnot", Ag-
mes Danforth Hewes. Houghton, Milf
film, $500.
"Bat, The Story of Bull Terrier"
Stephen Meader. Harcourt, $500.
"Long Wharf," by Howard Pease.
Dodd, Meade and Co., $500.
LAND for my Sons," by Mabielle
Cormack. APPLETON, $500.
phantom on Skis" Helen Girvan.
Farrar, $500.
Worcester Democrat and the ledger-enterprise. (Pocomoke City, Md.) 1921-1953, 1939-05-26

at Mackenzie Park, Va, and Oak Hall,
Va.
Mr.. and Mrs. Marion Birmingham,
Jr., of Pocomoke City, were guests
of Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph Taylor last
Wednesday evening.
Rev. and Mrs. j. F. Willis visited
relatives in Georgetown, Del, the first
of the week.
Mr.. and Mrs. H. G. Beauchamp and
children, spent last Sunday with Mrs.
J. L. Cowger of near town.
Mr.. and Mrs. Curtis Sturgis and
daughter, Betty Lee, were dinner
guests of Mr.. and Mrs. Rome Pussy
last Sunday.
Mrs. Margaret Justice spent last
Friday and Saturday with Mrs. Annie
Merrill and Mrs. Mary Sheppard of
Pocomoke, Md.
Mrs. w. A. Cottman is on the sick
list this week.
Worcester Democrat and the ledger-enterprise. (Pocomoke City, Md.) 1921-1953, 1939-05-26
BOOK REVIEW

The New York Herald Tribune votes
the Book Supplement to the best books
for children and lists for the third
year the award of two prizes of $3.50
each to the best books published be-
tween January 1 and June 1 of this
year, one for younger, the other for
older children and the announcement
of honors conferred upon ten books,
five in each class for special excel
lence.
The book selected for the older boys
and girls is Phil Stong's "The Hired
Mans Elephant" It tells of travel
ling show consisting of one man, one
girl, one elephant and three poodlcs.
Zonah, the proprietor, by means of
parlor magic, ventriloquism and per-
sonal magnetism, puts in a week at
each stop, with complete change of
program each night. How this mir
acle is accomplished and how Mrs.
Dengler, the towns censor, is first
outwitted and then converted, and a
bove all, how the good meals and kind
hearts of Sawyer's folks fit into the
proceedings, make as comfortable
reading as you may wish. The pic
lures are funny too. 1t is published
by Dodd, Mead and Company and is
priced at $500.
"The Story of Horace, written and
illustrated in color by Alice M. Coats.
Coward Met Cam, $1.75, is the selec-
ton for the younger children.
Horace was bear that "et", one by
one, every member of a family from
great-grandma to little Lulu. Such
was the charm of his personality and
the survivors successfully "took on
so" at the thought of Pas shooting
Horace that nothing was done about
Worcester Democrat and the ledger-enterprise. (Pocomoke City, Md.) 1921-1953, 1939-05-26
COLD WEATHER HURTS
CROPS IN STAFFORD

What is considered a record by the
local weather-man, was made in Sea-
ford Sunday night of last week, when
the heaviest frost and hardest freeze
to occur as late as May 18th, did ex-
tensive damage to the farmer of the
community. The temperature drop
ped well below the freezing point dur
ing the night Sunday and in some
places ice was made and the frost re-
manned on the ground Monday morn
ing until reached by the sun.
Damage to truck crops could not be
determined, but hundreds of acres OF
cucumbers, cantaloupes and water
melons were thought to have been
ruined. In most instances these crops
have been out of the ground but a
short time and were extremely sensi-
tive to frost. However, in some cases
only the leaves are damaged and the
plan will continue to grow-the great
est loss being in the crop being delay
ed week or so. Many farmers who
failed to realize the weather was so
cold did not cover up their sweet po-
tato beds, and in many cases the
plants were severely frozen in the
beds. A few farmers had already
begun to set the sweet potato plants
in the fields and these were badly
damaged.
Tomato plans, which had been start
ed, but which had not been set in the
field as yet, that twere not cvered
were killed.
Many farmers began to re-plant
their field on Monday to make sure
of stand of watermelons, in case all
the plants were killed by the frost.
Much difficulty was experienced in
securing seed, as most of the dealers
had sold out, thinking the planting
season was over.
Worcester Democrat and the ledger-enterprise. (Pocomoke City, Md.) 1921-1953, 1939-05-26
TULL RACE TRACK
NEAR P. ANNE TO
OPEN MAY BOTH

The race track on the Tull Farm
just north of Princess Anne will open
formally on Memorial Day to running
races with entry lists to all ponies and
horses on the peninsula.
Mrs. Edna Muir, owner of the farm
said purses from five dollars upward
would be offered in each scheduled
race and entries will be acceptable up
to the morning of the racing day.
After paying the purses, Mrs. Muir
stated, the remainder of the proceeds
will be set aside for construction of
grandstand on one side of the track.
Test races have been run on Sun
DAYS since the track was opened sew
eral weeks ago, with no admission
charge or entry fee. AS many as one
thousand people have been attracted
to the track in a single day.
A race scheduled last Sunday be-
tween the "Smith pony of Princess
Anne and "Trixie" owned by June
Green was postponed because one Of
the entries had cold. Much interest
was conferred around these two ami
mails, as the question, which of the
two is the faster runner still has to be
settled.
Lady" owned by Calisle Widow
son of Princess Anne, holds the pres
ent track record of fifty-five and one
half seconds. The pony record is one
minute and two seconds.
Mrs. Muir has purchased thorough
bred which she is keeping behind
locked doors until Labor Day when
she will introduce it to the race FANS,
it is reported.
Worcester Democrat and the ledger-enterprise. (Pocomoke City, Md.) 1921-1953, 1939-05-26

noon shortly before o'clock when a
wagon loaded with lumber passed over
his neck and broke it. The boy would
have been five years old in Septem-
Der.
Mr.. Towers had gone for a load of
lumbe with little Eugene accompany
ing him. While they were riding a
long lane on the farm on their re-
turn the boy toppled from the wagon
and fell in the path of a rear wheel.
He lived only few minutes after the
accident.
DIR. William II. Fisher of Centreville
was summoned but the little boy was
beyond help. States Attorney Reidy
of Talbot county said the accident
was unavoidable and no inquest was
held.
Eugene was the gandson of Webster
Towers of Wye Mills. Besides his par
ents and grandparents he is survived
by three small sisters.
Worcester Democrat and the ledger-enterprise. (Pocomoke City, Md.) 1921-1953, 1939-05-26
Acconnac News

Mrs. Kathryn C. Ross spent the
past weekend in Williamsburg with
her daughter, Miss Jane Ross, who is
attending William & Mary College.
Mrs. James Lewis and Mrs. Clar-
ence Chopper spent Sunday in Rich
mond.
Miss Alice Parsons and Miss Doro-
thy Parsons of Norfolk, spent the
weekend with their parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. A. G. Parsons.
Miss May E. Edmonds and Miss
May Gunter Edmonds spent Saturday
in Norfolk.
Miss Margie GUSTS Fletcher spent
the past weekend in Hampton.
Miss Sarah Katherine White of
Parksley spent the weekend with her
cousin, Miss Margaret Ellen White.
Mr.. Jerome Parsons is spending
some time with relatives in Pittsville,
Md.
Mrs. Stuart VESSELS and daugh-
ter, Miss Marian Jean VESSELS, of
Pocomoke City, Md, spent the week
end with relatives here.
Mrs. Blanche Hayden and son, Mr..
Kenneth Hayden, of Accomac and Mr..
A. H. Vessels of Greenbush spent
the weekend in Richmond.
Miss Emily A. Gunter has return
ed home,, after having spent several
days in Franktown with her uncle
and aunt, Mr.. and Mrs. John Fisher
Mrs. Alfred J. Lilliston is patient
in the NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Me-
mortal Hospital, Nassawadox where
she is receiving treatment.
Mr.. Hurley Butler of Norfolk,
spent Sunday in the home of his aunt,
Mrs. A. G. Parsons and Mr.. Parsons.
Mr.. Joseph L. DeCorrnis of New
port News spent the weekend with
his family here.
Mrs. John M. Hopes, of Chester,
Pa, spent Saturday with her aunt,
Mrs. Charles U. Ayres and Mr.. Ayres.
Mr.. James R. v. Daniel of Rich
mond, spent the weekend in the home
of Mrs. John II. Ayres.
Mrs. John D. Garst and son, Joe,
returned Tuesday after having spent
two weeks with relatives in Martins
vile.
Mrs. James r. v. Daniel and son,
Jimmy, of Richmond, are spending
the summer with Mrs. Daniels mother
Mrs. J. II. Ayres.
Mr.. Charles U. Ayres, Jr., was con-
fined to his home, this week, with
tonsilitis.
Mrs. William G. Stevenson, of
Richmond, visited in the homes of
Mr.. and Mrs. Herbert j. Milliner and
Mrs. Elizabeth S. Martin and Miss
Jessie Martin, this week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Jennings Chopper
Wise, of Washington, D. c., spent sew
eral days last week in the home of
Mr.. and Mrs. Barton K. Lilliston.
Mr.. and Mrs. Alfred G.. Ayres of
Washington, D. c., spent the week
end with Mr.. Ayres' brother and sis
ter-in-law, Mr.. and Mrs. Charles u.
Ayres.
Mrs. Phil T. Milliner is spending
this week with relatives in Ocean
City, Md.
Worcester Democrat and the ledger-enterprise. (Pocomoke City, Md.) 1921-1953, 1939-05-26
4-YEAR OLD LAD
KILLED BY WAGON

William Eugene Towers, small son
of Mr.. and Mrs. Lee Towers, of Wye
Landing Farm near Wye Mills, was al
most instantly killed Tuesday after
Evening star., 1939-05-19
Crow Pleads No Defense
In Shorf-Weiqht Case

A case that has been on the
Police Court docket for year and
a half came to an abrupt conclu-
sion yesterday when Theo Grow, a
fourth precinct policeman, threw
himself on the mercy of the court
by plea ding nolo contendere-no de-
fense-to charges brought under the
short weights and measures law.
Once during the 1S months Grow
was tried by a jury which could
not agree on a verdict. According
to the information, Grow was trad
ing as the Simplex Coal Co., 1928
Good Hope road Sc. when the
alleged offenses occurred.
Crow was charged with two counts
of selling coal short weight, two of
having trucks without the firms
name painted on the sides and two
with failing to make out duplicate
delivery slips At the trial last
June Grow contended ne had dis
posed of his interest in the business
Evening star., 1939-05-19
French Air Ministry
Orders Two Planes

The French air ministry has
placed an order for two 11-passen-
ger Lockheed airliners under a con-
tract totaling approximately $780,
900 which includes spare parts and
extra equipment. p
The new airliners, it is reported,
will be used on the government
subsidized airline Reggie Air Antique,
operating between France and Mad
agascar across the Mediterranean
and through the center Of Africa.
Three Lockheeds recently were ac-
quired in the United States and
now are in service on this route.
Evening star., 1939-05-19
White-CoIIar Work
Increases Greatly
Under Nazi Regime
Salaries Reveal Vastly
Larger Growth Than
Lobor's Wages
By WALLACE r, DEUEL.,

Chicago Daily News Foreign Correspondent.
BERLIN, May 9.-White-collar
work and administration" of all
kinds, in general, have greatly in
creased in Germany, in recent years,
in private enterprise as we'll as in
party and government bureaucra-
cies, according to survey published
by the Berlin Boersen-Zeitung. The
proportion of white-collar employees
to workers in the national economy
as whole has risen, the Boersen-
zeitung's figures show, and salaries
have risen more than wages both
relatively and absolutely.
A trend toward "bureaucratiza-
ton" of the German national econ
omy began even before the World
War, the Boersen-zeitung says.
There was an appreciable shift
away from this trend in the last
boom, from 1881 1929, however, and
it was apparently only when the
Nazi boom began in 1888 that
characterization" not only re-
gained its former Importance but
considerably exceeded it. The a.
year plan has played an especially
important role in causing an in
crease in red tape and paper in
German private enterprise.
1888 Ratio "a per 100.
In 1907 there were Is white collar
employees for every 100 workers in
the German national economy, the
Boersen-Zeitung reports. BY 1925
Evening star., 1939-05-19
EVENING STAR WASHINGTON D. c. FRIDAY MAY 49, 1ese

this had risen to Is per 100. A de-
cline then set in, however, and in
1929 there were only 81 employees
per 100 workers. BY last year, how
ever, the ratio had again risen to
"a per 100.
An increase in "bureaucratization
IN private enterprise Is also revealed
by rises in the numbers Of persons
employed in the Reich in the two
categories. In 1898, there were 10
per cent more workers gainfully en-
ployed in the Reich than there were
in 1929, but IS per cent more white
collar employees.
A rise in the number of white
collar employees is especially notable
IN the rural districts, according to
the Boersen-Zeitung's figures. There
was an increase of 48.8 per cent in
purely farming regions, 27.3 per cent
in predominantly farming areas and
q per cent IN mixed farming and
industrial districts, compared with
increases of only 17.9 per cent III
exclusively industrial areas.
Whlte-collar employees now are
also receiving a much greater pro-
portion Of the national income than
they did 10 years ago. In 1929, for
every 100 marks paid out in wages
in Germany, 33 marks were paid OUT
IN salaries. Last year a marks in
salaries were paid for every 100
marks in wages.
Salary Increase 28.8 Per Cent.
Total salaries paid in Germany in
1929 amounted to 7,650OOO 900
marks. BY last year this had risen
to $3.50 100000 marks. This is an
increase of 2,210,00O,00O marks, or
288 per cent.
Wages, on the other hand, only
increased during the same period
from 23,340 100000 to 23,750 900 900
marks, or by 410,OOO.O00 marks,
which amounts to only IT per cent.
Purchasing power of all wages paid
last year was % per cent greater
than that of wages paid in 1929. but
purchasing power of salaries paid in
1888 was 56.6 per cent greater. Pur-
chasing power of the average wage
in the Reich last year was 9 per cent
Evening star., 1939-05-19
Latin America Bill
Approval Forecast
BY the Associated Press.

6y the Associated Press.
Approval of a bill to authorize
United States cooperation with 81
Latin American nations in civil ac-
tivities is predicted by members of
the Senate Foreign Relations Com
mittee despite question raised by
Senator Johnston, Republican, of
California, on the status of Bolivia.
Calling attention to published re-
ports, later officially denied, that
Bolivia intended to join the anti
comintern pact signed by Germany,
Japan, Italy and other nations,
Senator johnson blocked committee
action on the measure Wednesday
until State Department officials
could be summoned to tell what they
knew OF these developments.
Informed later that the Bolivian
Foreign Office had denied these re-
ports, Senator johnson said he might
withdraw his objection if official
representations of this nature were
made to the committee.
The measure would authorize a
Evening star., 1939-05-19

before the alleged offenses occurred.
Judge Walter j. Casey said he
would notify the defendant of SEN
tence date. Assistant Corporation
Counsel George Nelson, who
handled the case, said the maximum
penalty on each count is fine Of
$500 or Jail term of six months or
both.
An investigation Of the case by the
Police Trial Board may follow Crow s
plea yesterday.
Evening star., 1939-05-19
Cold Statistics

CHICAGO, P.-Chicago's Mon
day snowfall put some statistically-
minded persons to work and the re-
suits were gigantic and almost
incredible.
All the snow which fell on the
202 square miles Of the city G49
inches) piled on an area the size
of the Loop G56 acres would make
pyramid 3210 feet high.
If the 269, ,146,092 cubic yards of
snow covering the city were put on
the scales they would register
22877,418 tons.
Evening star., 1939-05-19

comprehensive program Of co-opera-
ton In agriculture, aviation, COM
mercial, financial. radio, motion pic
ture, labor, maritime, historical and
other projects. The cost to the
United States for next year Is
estimated at $998,804.
Evening star., 1939-05-19

greater than that Of the average
wage paid in 1929. Purchasing pow
er of the average salary paid out in
1898, however, was 20 per cent
greater than that of the average
salary in 1929, according to the
Boersen-Zeitung.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-07-13
CHANGING THE PURPOSE
OF WPA PROJECTS

is the Works Projects Administra-
uon rellef agency, as practically every
one in the United States has been given
to understand or is it federal bureau
to fix and maintain the wages private
employers must pay to their employees?
That, and that alone has become the
issue at stake in the, intervention of legi-
innate labor uniehs in the current wave
OF protests by WPA workers against con-
gressional action lengthening the amount
of hours of work of relief clients
The American Federatin of Labor pro-
tests against the relief legislation be-
cause, AFL officials say, it will lower the
minimum wages paid by private employ
ers to their skilled laborers
Thus we are shown the unique picture
of nationally powerful labor union
which depends upon the relief admins
tration to keep the national wage level
on a reasonable plane. It is pardonable,
perhaps, to wonder if it is not a carefully
managed optical illusion.
Americans have tolerated many abuses
IN WPA because they recognized the need
for an agency to give relief to thousands
who are unable 70 find jobs. The restric-
tions already placed on WPA will be no.
however, if it begins to appear that WPA
is federal agency used largely by labor
unions to attain their own selfish ends.
kWPA was organized to provide relief
for those who cannoS get jobs. WPA has
continue to exist ostensibly for that same
reason. 1t should be continued for that
reason and no other When it becomes
AN agency through which the federal gov
ernment fixes wage scales in all parts
OF the country, il should be abolished
If wages are to be fixed by the govern
ment-a dangerous procedure at best
it should be done directly, not under the
guise of helping the needy.
If labor union must depend upon
WPA, or any other relief agency, to main
tain prevailing wage levels on relief pro-
jects so skilled workers who are not and
should not be on relief can chiSel in on
god jobs, the union is adopting an atti-
tude definitely antagonistic to the good
of society as whole-as represented by
the taxpayer.
There is no reason why the federal gov
ernment should maintain persons on re-
lief in the same comparative state of eX.
istance, with all the conveniences and
luxuries they had before going on relief.
Relief should be made as unattractive
to the client as it is to the taxpayer, and
it never will be that as long as man can
earn as much loafing on government job
as he can working on a private job.