davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-04-12

France was acting in the same Sc
crecy As In the field of military
preparations, Premier Daladier him
self was said to have offered Ru-
mania Frances guarantee that
Soviet Russia, her ally, would not
try to sieze Bessarabia. Rumanian
province at one time Russian.
He sought to persuade Rumania
to accept Soviet support In men as
well as arms In event Of war.
Frances particular province was
to stifle Rumanias fear of Soviet
Russia as an ally, SO that Moscow
might be drawn solidly into the
stop Hitler" front in Eastern Eu-
rope.
Officials said French guarantees
would be given automatically" to
all states In Southeastern Europe
whose independence is guaranteed
by Fundamentally Greece, Turkey
and Rumania.
Appeasement Effort Criticized.
French observers criticized as use
less the exchanges reported con-
tinuing between London and Rome
in an effort to "appease" Premier
Mussolini away from the Rome
Berlin axis.
Italy's strengthening Of her war
machine announced only yesterday,
reports Of Italian troop concentra-
tons at Rhodes. near Greek Turkish
waters. further disquieting reports
Of building Of Notifications in Span
ish Morocco along the frontiers Of
French Morocco, and the continued
stay Of Italian legionnaires In Spain
were factors causing the French to
view London's latest appeasement
efforts with skepticism.
The French had under investi-
cation reports that fresh italian
contingents had landed at Cadiz,
Spain.
Marshal Henri Petain was in
Paris and the press said he had
returned from hisspost as Ambassa
dor to Nationalist Spain to talk
with M. Daladier, particularly about
the reports the Spanish National
lists, with italian and German aid,
were fortifying their Moroccan and
PyreneeS frontiers with France.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-04-12
Boys Leg Broken
As Lumber Topples

L. Gavin Whitehead, 8. son of Mr.
and Mrs. Leon j. Whitehead Of 1706
Seventeenth street Sc, was In
Providence Hospital today with a
broken leg received when a pile OF
lumber fell on him yesterday at
Seventeenth street and Minnesota
avenue Sc.
Mr.. Whitehead said his son was
standing near the pile Of lumber AZ
other children played on 1t. The
lumber toppled over, pinning the
boy to the ground.
He was rescued by passersby and
taken to the hopital. An examina-
ton showed a serious fracture Of the
left leg just above the knee. An
operation may be necessary, the
father said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-04-12
Paris
Continued From First Page.)

statement to the House Of Commona
on British policy.
Members Of the cabinet left the
two and-one half -hour session with
President Lebrun looking grave and
worried. M. Daladier hurried to the
war ministry.
| Aside from adopting DEGREES
made necessary by the interna-
tional situation" to reinforce the
army and navy. the cabinet devoted
most Of its session to an explana-
ton Of the foreign situation by
M. Bonnet, particularly as 1t applied
to the declaration M. Daladier would
make.
eign situation was said to have
stressed close corporation between
Britain and France.
The DEGREES were drawn UP by de-
tense experts Sunday and approved
by the ministers yesterday.
Conflict Likelihood Seen.
LIE Temps, 4 newspaper often con-
sidered to be the mouthpiece pof
the foreign ministry, declared that
II "the axis powers persist IN their
policy Of force and annexations 1t
is dificult to see how, except for
miracle, a conflict can be avoided
indefinitely"
In an editorial which some OBJ
servers considered forecast OF the
general lines of M. Daladier's state
ment tomorrow lie Temps added:
France, which has given so many
proofs of her attachment to peace,
is ready without boastfulness but
without weakness to face the worst
| If the worst Is forced on her
The cabinet also approved de-
crees increasing Frances wartime
control of foreigners and to requisi-
ton their property.
Sources close to the government
indicated that it was unlikely that
any Of the military measures APP
proved this morning would be made
public. Many of them already have
been put into effect.
Navy Co-operates With Britain.
It was assumed the French naval
movements were In complete CO.
operation at least with British units
concentrating at Britain's fortified
Malta base, 60 miles south OF Italy s
Sicily and within quick cruising
range of the Greek island Of Corfu.
The naval operations, like the con-
tinuous call to reserviSts from many
classes to join Frances land forces,
were blanketed by the strict military
secrets law.
There was no estimate Of troops
now serving under the Tri-Color or
Of those recently called to the colors,
but the French press said yester-
days cabinet meeting was very
satisfied" with the country's strength
Previous estimates had indicated
France had well over 1000, 900 men
under arms.
The well-informed newspaper
L'Ordre, declared everything Is
perfected, including war stocks Of
arms and equipment Of al sorts"
That statement was echoed by the
entire press, which also carried
estimates that Italy now had 1900,
600 men In arms.
On the diplomatic front, where
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-04-12
Gold Shipments In March
BIGGEST Since Fall Crisis
~ the Associated Press.

~ the Associated Press.
Gold shipments into the United
States In March totaled 1886. 436, 437,
the largest since the first Czecho-
Slovakian crisis last fall.
The Federal Reserve Board said
recently . large part Of these ship
ments were made by foreign gov
ernments and their central banks,
rather than by individuals who were
responsible for the huge shipments
Of last fall. which reached q record
Of 1862 1891 ,561 last october.
The Commerce Department said
March imports included $37, Its, tbs
from Belgium, $27 ,0o7 $50 from the
Netherlands, Il, 226 1872 from Switzer-
land, $3.50, 065, lot from England, S.
e60.916 from Canada, $3,842, 100 from
Mexico, 81, 456. 007 from Chile. $4,234,-
500 from Colombia, $685., 2l2 from
India, $1.2o5, 200 from Hong Kong,
$ll ,40o, 500 from Japan, $3,325 012
from the Philippine Islands, and 49,
302, 626 from Australia.
The months silver imports totaled
81, POS $40, including 81 ,336. 007 from
England, 1884 ,04o from Canada, S.
l27,7l7 from Mexico and $759,370
from Peru.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-04-12
Barter Advocates
Estimate $90,o0o,000
Needed for Deal
Nozi Paper Objects
To Plan; Reaction
Mixed in Wall Street
~ the Associated Press.

~ the Associated Press.
Advocates Of the proposal to
barter American cotton and wheat
in world trade for rubber and tin
estimated today the Transaction
would require about $o0. 900 900 in
funds from Congress.
At the same time. Senator's Bank
head, Democrat, Of Alabama, and
Lucas, Democrat, OF Illinois, said
the barter scheme would not deter
the campaign Of Southern and Mid
western Senators for 4 600, 900 600
increase in farm appropriations.
Senator Bankhead said that In ad-
dition to the barter proposal. he
would ask Congress to place more
than 100000 bales Of loan cotton
in q special reserve for the War and
Navy Departments.
III cotton is q strategic war ma
terial for England and France. then
it should be for this country" he
said.
Senators estimated the Govern
ment now has about $45 a bale in
vested in loans made to farmers on
the cotton, so use of 2,000.0 900 bales
under the barter proposal would cost
$9O, 600 600.
Won't Solve Surplus.
Both Senators Bankhead and
Lucas declared the barter plan would
not solve the cotton surplus problem
TITS merely another way to aid
in the disposition OF the surplus, "
Senator Lucas said. Every bale we
sell relieves the surplus just that
much"
Senator Bankhead said Southern
Senators were anxious to find some
way of preventing new crop cotton
from being pledged for the Govern
ment loan of 8.3 cents q pound pro-
vided by the present Farm Act.
If we can keep prices near
cents a pound, growers will sell cot
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-04-12
Dr.. Otto Ritter, Alien Nazi,
Held in Fraud Case

b the Associated Press.
Ell CENTRIC. Calf, April 12-Dr.
Otto Ritter, 40, was detained for
Eastern authorities today on a
charge Of obtaining $706 on the
false pretense of having $500, 900 III
Germany which an edict of the Hit
Ter regime prevented him from re-
moving.
His arrest last night at Nogales,
ARK, climaxed a will-o'-the-wisp
chase during which. at one time, a
brief case was found containing doc
uments tending to show DR.. Ritter
was . member of the German
finance ministry. 1t also contained
New York newspaper clippings deal
ing with Nazi counter-spy activities
DR.. Ritter was sought on war
rant from Freehold, N. j.
Department of Labor officials In
Washington several weeks ago said
they also wanted DR.. Ritter in ar
immigration investigation. They
said the temporary permit on which
he was admitted from Germany
April 80, 1896, expired a year later
and he had ignored an order tc
leave the United States. The order
was made when he was released
from . New Jersey State prison
some months ago.
DR.. Ritter will be brought here
pending instructions from New Jer-
eey. @
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-04-12

49,, M MD crTY AUTO q; ....
KHA1lsHY MOTIONS
500 Gem. Ave. NV. C3ev. o000
WISCONSIN MOTORS
1858 wisconsin Ave. Michigaa 2073
SILVER SPRING MOTOR SALES
~ Thayer Ave. 3. g.. Nd. she's. 4440
dLADNDY MOTORS
l0lo xlas NJ Als1. ". Alax. eq5
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-04-12
DR.. Lips Tells Farley
TotaIitarianism
Antedates Hitler
Describes Growth of
individual Rights
Under the Law

Totalitarianism is nothing new II
the world.
1t is about the way the human
race started out. Dir. Julius Lips o.
Howard University told the Catholic
Anthropoligical Conference at its an.
nual meeting at Catholic University
yesterday.
In most textbooks on the origin
of law. DR.. Lips said, the thesis Ii
advanced that this originally was .
world of individuals who gradually
sacrificed some of their rights fol
the good of the community as q
whole. This is entirely contrary te
conditions among the most primi-
tive existing races, such as certain
tribes of Australians. DR.. Lips said
These tribes, while far from repre-
senting the earliest stages Of human
society, give some clues as to what
1t may have been like. he stressed.
In all such societies Of food gath
erers, said DR.. Lips, who was former
ly curator Of the Cologne Museum
and who uses the term B. H.'-that
is, Before Hitler"-as descriptive o1
the time when the world was nor
NAL, society was totalitarian. There
was no such thing as private prop.
erty. The land was not distin.
guished from the animals and plant.
that grew upon it. all were the prop
Ell ty of the tribe, and any trespassel
| yaichal u,ith AAofh
Law, DR.. Lips maintained, ha.
been a progressive recognition o.
the rights of the individual rather
than a restriction of those rights
In the beginning. he said, there wal
no distinction between the indi'
vidual and the group to which HI
belonged. Trespass on the land o.
any group was punishable with
death, but the plaintiffs" wer'
satisfied with the death of any mem
Der of the group to which the tres
passer belonged They did not dis
tinguish between him and his fel'
lows.
A certain kind of personal prop
erty probably was recognized from
the beginning, DR.. Lips said. I
consisted of the objects which usual
ly were buried with the person TO
his life in the afterworld-such q
weapons he had made himself. Jus
as plants and animals were con
sidered part of the land, and henc'
tribal property, so ornaments, weap
ons and religious articles were con
sidered part Of the individual maj
or woman.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-04-12
Secretary |ckes
Hits CoIumnisis in
New York Speech
Asks They Not Stray
Too Far From the
Path of Truth
~ the Associated Press.

~ the Associated Press.
NEW YORK. April 12.-Secretary
Ickes suggested last night that the
American Newspaper Guild "see to II
that the columnists, who WELD so
much influence on public opinion,
shall not stray too far from the path
Of truth. which is the path Of
progress"
In q speech before the Newspaper
Guild of New York, broadcast ma
tionally, the Secretary of the In
terror discussed what he termed
"columnists and calumnists"
A "calumnist," he said, was IAN
ex-reporter who wastes. good white
space to spread injurious gossip and
disseminate prevarications and even
unpublished libels.
THE 'calumnist's' stock in trade is
Justification and viliflcation. He Is
journalism's public enemy No. and
If the American press is to improve
itself it must get rid Of him"
Some Fair and Reputable"
"Some columnists." he went on,
"are fair and reputable and careful
to keep within proper bounds; some
are unfair and disreputable and
recognize no restraints-not even the
fear of libel. 1t seems to me that
q columnist should be entitled to
the same rights and privileges as
the editor of q newspaper, and no
more"
Mr.. Ickes thus described number
Of American columnists:
Gen. Hugh S. Johnson-"'
Against only those numerous public
officials who are bumgling affairs
that he could so competently man
age"
Westbrook Pegler--"' against
everything and everybody, accord
Ing to his whim."
''Pontifex Maximus" Mark Sui
IVAN" would be missed for
his personal dignity and charm,
even if the world would still man
age nicely without the pontifications
that waddle through his worried
columns"
Frank r. Kent" is more
likely to forget than to forgive
and he has good memory"
Clapper Rated "One of Fairest."
Raymond Clapper-"* = one Of
the fairest, most objective and most
intelligent of them ALL"
Frederic w. Vile, G.. Gould Lin
coin, Herbert w. Agar, Ernest K.
Lindley and Howard Vincent OBrien
-" all able to write fairly and
10 see both Sides"
Joseph Alsop and Robert E. Knit
ner-"' newcomers In the field
of legitimate comment both interest
ing and timely. They are outstand-
ing and jointly present wide range
of worth while news and lively
comment"
Jay Franklin" confines
himself to political news and COM
ment. He could be depended on to
ride forth for the liberal cause, even
If he had to ride alone
Arthur Krock and Others have
columns that they f1ll capable. al
though Arthur Krock sometimes
permits himself, without abating
whit of his stately authoritativeness,
to hit too closely to the belt or lend
too credulous an ear to backstairs
gossip"
Haywood Broun-"' genial
philosopher who declines to take
himself too seriously and yet one
who never pulls his punches. ="
Walter Lippman-"' would
never even break his wooden sword
unless he should trip over it in
minuet."
Dorothy Thompson sim
cere and earnest lady who is trying
to cover too much ground. ="
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-04-12
Dr.. Clinton Biddle
Of Harvard Dies
~ the Associated Press.

BY the ASsociated PreSS.
WESTON, Mass, April l2.-Dr.
Clinton Poston Biddle, AZ. associate
dean of the Harvard School Of BUSH
ness Administration and an invest
ment banking authority, died last
night after a short illness. Born in
Athens, Ohio, he had been connected
with Harvard since 1921.
Milford chronicle., 1939-02-17
SOMETHING DOING

People like a town where there is
something doing" They appreciate
GOOD entertainments. pleasant social
occasions. athletic events. The ten
dency of the times calls for activities
of many kinds where they can be
amused, meet their friends, see and
take part in interesting sports.
If a community is to make pro-
gress, it needs to offer opportunities
Of this kind. 1t needs to have clubs.
societies, entertainments, sports and
pastimes so that there shall not be
too many dull moments. When peo-
pie carry on pleasing activities Of
this kind. the folks say it is a good
town to live in. and they hate to go
away from a place where this active
life exists.
Milford chronicle., 1939-02-17
AIRING HIS KNOWLEDGE

a newspaper joke has it that it
was remarked of a certain person
that he knew very little and talked
4 great deal. The reply was that
the little that person knew should
be healthy, because he so often gave
il an airing.
There is some truth in that jest.
for a good many people get credit
fer more than they really know, by
their ready powers of speech. The
little they know is handled so clev-
erly. that people do not realize how
thin their knowledge is spread out.
In this busy life the glib talker often
gets by. but he would better not be
too glib. or his knowledge Of too
many things that aren't so may some
day get him into trouble.
Milford chronicle., 1939-02-17
SAVING THE WILD LIFE

Twenty-Five states have submitted
projects to the federal authorities for
the preservation of wild life. Ma
ture lovers also rejoice to hear that
the government has reclaimed 4,500.-
900 acres of marsh land as a refuge
for waterfowl.
1t seems pathetic to people who
love the wonderful things that Ma
ture has created on the fair face Of
our country, to see how many of
these creatures of wild life have
been destroyed or reduced to small
proportions. Some part of the wild
life of course consists of enemies of
mankind. We do not need bears,
wolves and various fierce and preda-
tory creatures that once roamed the
continent unchecked. save by the
swift and sure arrows of the In
dians.
Probably the great majority of the
wild things that Nature planted in
that once rich garden called America
are the friends of man. That is true
of nearly all birds. They were en-
dowed with wings, so that their home
is in the air, and their resting place
in treetops and among the grasses of
field and meadow. They ask no
special favors from man, merely to
be let alone. Nature put them there
seemingly as a part of her grand
plan to make this earth habitable and
a fit place in which man could thrive
and prosper. When people shoot
these birds, in most cases they de-
stroy friends of man that are neces-
sary for our welfare.
What can the states and COM |
munities do to preserve wild life?
One very important thing is to con-
vince the children and young people /
that these creatures are essential to
the life of man, and that they per-
form useful services. If all the
children learned that lesson in school
we should not have to worry about
the loss of the living things which
man has pursued with too little kind
ness in his heart.
Milford chronicle., 1939-02-17
PARKING RULES

One of the problems of city and
town authorities is how to get the
rules for automobile parking obeyed.
There are very many people who
pay no attention to a "No-parking
sign. 1t is complained in many
cities that time limits for parking
are often ignored unless the police
are very active in enforcing them.
1t would take a greatly enlarged
force of police officers in the average
town TO get those rules well enforced.
They would have to be timing the
cars over and over again. TO convince
the owners that the city fathers
meant business when they passed
those rules. Parking regulations are
made to promote the general welfare.
and people can help the public good
by obeying them.
Milford chronicle., 1939-02-17
SrRPLUS OF FARM WORKERS

Every year the farmers buy more
machines. These machines are
bought with the idea that they will
save labor. What becomes of the
labor that the farmer does not need
when he buys his new equipment?
Many of these poor folks are thus
cast adrift, with no place to go.
What has the country in store for
them? There should be some way
fer them to earn living. What
many of them need is a little farm
en- which they can raise food to
sustain the family. and earn a little
cash to pay expenses. What would
help them most would be a grand
revival in business. that would
draw a million or two young men
from the farms to the factories.
Milford chronicle., 1939-02-17
DIVIDING UP THE EARTH

The warlike condition of Europe
and Asia is said to be due principally
to the fact that certain nations have
failed to get their fair share of the
earth's territory. Countries like the
United States, England and Russia
control vast territories. and are self
sustaining. Those which only have
narrow territories are like a farmer
trying to make a living on insult
ficient land.
There is some justice in this COM
plant, for every great nation should
have it's chance to make a living
just as Americans want every child
to have some education. 1t would
promote world peace if the territor-
les could be shifted around little,
so that every nation would have a
kind of world farm big enough to
feed its people, and grow the ma
terials it needs. But no nation is
justified in going to war to obtain
such farm.
Milford chronicle., 1939-02-17
SKILLED LABOR

The chances that people will find
work depend a good deal ON whether
they possess any kind of skill
which the world values. Even in
the hardest times. vacancies are al
ways occurring. People are sick or
they die. or they move around from
place to place. There are openings
all the time.
When the employer looks around
for someone to fill these vacancies,
the first question is as to- what the
applicant knows about the job. The
one who has worked at a certain
trade before has the best chance.
Few people will put on green
hand when experienced people can
be found. 90.
The young person should try to
acquire some kind of skill. There
are of course great advantages in
general education that seeks to de-
yelOp intelligent young people ca
pable of taking up new things. Many
Of them are so bright and brainy
that they get jobs, even if they have
no special skill.
The average youngster stands a
far better chance if he will develop
some kind of skill. The country
needs more trade and vocational
schools. at which young people shall
be equipped for some particular oc-
cupation.
The youth should consider not
merely what wind of work would be
the most pleasant, but what kind of
work the world needs most. Many
youngsters, for instance, would like
TO work on newspapers. The jour-
nalistic life seems fascinating to
them. 1t may not seem so fascinat-
ing when they really get into it and
have to deal with its headaches.
From the outside it looks good, and
they rush to the newspaper offices.
If the number of would-be re-
porters and editors is about 10 times
the number of chances to do that
work. it would seem better judg-
ment for most of those aspirants to
try to fit themselves for something
else. So it is in many lines of work
that look specially interesting, tow
ard which too many ambitious young
sters throng.
Milford chronicle., 1939-02-17
SONG OF THE SNOW SHOVEL

All through the snow-bound coun-
try, the snow shovel is the seasons
most essential tool: Southern locali-
ties rejoice that they are not tied
down to the operation Of this labor
ious weapon, and that kind Nature
places no drifts of snow to clog the
streets and walks. 81. as
The northern householder feels
that this labor on the snow accom-
plishes nothing productive, and
merely is one more penalty he has
to pay for living in cold climate.
He does however get certain mus
cular development from the exercise.
If he wasn't using his lazy muscles
ON the snow. he might have to go to
a doctor because of indigestion.
Young America has no such feeling
against snow. To him it is a heaven
sent blessing. at which he reioiices
until his sled picks out some tree
to run into, or he goes through thin
ice where he gets something worse
than Saturday bath. Meanwhile
countless people get dangerous falls
OF slippery walks, so that winter
wins no popularity contest among
the seasons.