davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-02-26
Dinner Party
Continued From First Page)

ner, Mr. Griffith Warfield, Mrs.
Pearsons Rust, Mrs. Harry S. Black,
Mrs. Granger Blair, Mrs. Emmons
S. Smith. Maj Ferry Heath. Mrs.
Wallach Merriam, Mrs. George T.
Marye, Col. Francis C. Harrington,
Mr.. Percy Blair, Countess Felicia
Gizycka and former Representative
John Philip Hill.
Many Others Drop In
Later for Dancing.
Among the 125 other guests who
dropped in for dancing after the
dinner were Admiral and Mrs. Mark
Bristol, Mr. and Mrs. George Angus
Garrett. Miss Austin MacDonnell,
Mr.. Joseph Alsop, Mr.. Pendleton
Hogan, Mr.. Ralph Hill. Mr.. Myron
Hofer. Mr.. and Mrs. c. Mathews
Dick, Mrs. Kent Legare, Mrs. David
Barry, jr.. Mr.. William Buckland,
Count Leoni Fumasoni- -Biondi, Mr..
and Mrs. Henri de Sibour. Mr.. and
Mrs. Jacques Blaise de Sibour, Mr..
Harold B. Hinton, Mr.. and Mrs.
Marshall o. Exnicios, Miss Ruth
Dove, Mr.. and Mrs. Hugh S. Cum
ming, jr., Baron Paul NSchell, Miss
Mary Louise Marsh, Dr. and Mrs.
Kurt Hetzel, Mr.. Harold Fangboner,
Mr.. Tinsley Garnett, Mr.. Christo-
pher Bramwell, the first secretary
of the British Embassy; Miss Doris
Evening star., 1939-02-26
Lunch>Bridge
Parties in
Iaytonsville'
Mrs. Allison Taylor
Is Among the
HOstesses

LAYTONSVILLE, Md, Feb. 25.-
Mrs. Allison Taylor entertained at
luncheon for 30 guests at the Bell
nome today. Among the guests were
Mrs. Stanton Pitcher of Alexandria,
Va: Mrs. William Mobley, Miss Lulu
Bell OF Chevy Chase: Mrs. William
Clarke, Miss Elsie England of Rock
vile; Mrs. Guy Stephenson, Miss
Dorothy Anderson, Mrs. Carson of
Galthersburg: Mrs. William War
field. Mrs. Edwin Blunt. Mrs. Remus
Riggs. Miss Mary Cornelia Warield.
Mrs. q. M. Waters of Goshen; Miss
Emma Muncaster, Mrs. John Mum
caster of Redland: Mrs. Clara Hyatt,
Miss Emma De Corse of Woodfeld;
Mrs. Uriah Griffith. Miss Elizabeth
Griffith, Mrs. w. w. Griffith, Mrs.
Greenbury Griffith. Miss Maud Dor
sey, Mrs. Elgee Riggs, Mrs. Samuel
Riggs. Mrs. Thomas Stewart, Mrs.
Merhle Haines. Mrs. Vestus Wilcox,
Mrs. Francis Spurrier. Mrs. Jeffrey
Griffith, Mrs. V. H. Dyson of Lay
tOIlSVllle.
Mrs. Thomas Howes. Mrs. Winfield
Howes and Mrs. David Clarke, jr.,
will be joint hostesses at dessert
party for the Homemakers of Lay
louisville Wednesday at the home
OF Mrs. Thomas Howes. Mrs. Ed
win Fry will give a talk and Mrs.
Warren Ellis will read a paper on
Annapolis.
Mrs. Riggs Hostess
At Bridge Party.
Mrs. Samuel Riggs was hostess at
small bridge party for IL Tuesday
afternoon, having her friends from
Brookeville and Olney neighbor-
hoods.
Other parties during the week
included dessert bridge at Mrs.
V. H. Dyson's home Monday after
noon and an evening bridge at the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. Merhle
Haines. when their guests were Mr..
and Mrs. William Warfield, Mr.. and
Mrs. Greenbury Griffith, DR.. and
Mrs. Dyson and Mrs. Samuel Riggs.
Mr.. Warren B. Ellis was given
surprise dinner party at his home
Sunday by Mr.. and Mrs. Louis Tay-
lor Of Arlington. Va; Mrs. Mae
Thurston, Miss Meta Watts. Mr..
Alfred Smith and Mr.. Henry Rupp
of Washington.
Mrs. Mowatt Windham. Mrs. Roy
Barber, Mrs John Leizear and Mrs.
Allison Taylor form the committee
in charge of turkey supper to be
Evening star., 1939-02-26


Mrs. Sidney B. Lyon gave bridge
and supper party last evening at her
home in South Woodside Park in
honor of her husband, who cele-
brated his birthday anniversary.
Among the guests were Mr. and
Mrs. Richard Gazeley, Mr.. and Mrs.
Eugene de Anzorena. Mr.. and Mrs.
G.. A. Hood, Mr.. and Mrs Roy
Scneiter, Mr.. and Mrs. Val Darling,
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Bailey. Mr.. and
Mrs. George Pryor, Mr.. and Mrs.
Reuben Leatherwood, Mr.. and Mrs.
Hermann Riess and DR.. and Mrs.
Russell Cahoon.
Mrs. Allen H. Gardner entertained
at birthday party Friday afternoon
at her Woodside Park home for her
small son, Stiles Gardner. who cele-
brated his 4th birthday anniversary.
This afternoon from 5 until 7
O'Clock the Gardner home will be the
scene of tea. which is one of a
series being held by the Woodside
Park Citizens Association. Among
those who will pour are Mrs. Harold
P. Morris, wife of the president of
the association; Mrs Harry G.
Knapp. sister of the hostess; Mrs.
Paul Miller and Mrs. Carlos Green
leaf.
Mr.. and Mrs. Arch Mcdonald and
their three children have moved
from Chevy Chase and are now in
their new home in Burnt Mills Hills.
Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph F. Marion
have with them at their home, in
Woodside Forest, for 10 days Mrs.
Marion's nephew and his wife, Mr..
and Mrs. Jean Meloche of Montreal.
Canada, who are here on their we'd
ding trip. Their marriage took place
February 16
Mrs. j. M. .McShane entertained
at bridge luncheon Friday after
noon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Elkins of
Woodside Park are spending week
in New York.
Mrs. Rose Hargrave has gone to
Daytona Beach for two months.
Mrs. George A. Hood gave lunch
con and bridge party Thursday at
her home in South Woodside Park.
Mr.. and Mrs. S. j. Solomon of
Seven Oaks Manor are spending
some time in Boston and Maine.
Mrs. Richard Gott entertained at
pancake luncheon party and bridge
Tuesday at her home in Forest Glen.
Mrs. Frank Neumann gave a
bridge party Thursday afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Serge N. Benson and
Evening star., 1939-02-26


e ~ OF MS house there
voyages to China and other hear his
Evening star., 1939-02-26

dent pro tenn of the United States
during President Wilson's illness
and whether her brothers were min
listers of state for the time being
1t is almost beyond human nature
to tell all that she tells, and yet
DO 1t without too personal equa-
ton entering into the summing up.
Her admiration and devotion to her
husband, and her evident jealousy
toward any one or any thing that
might take from his position and
unselfish conduct, especially at the
peace conference, often places him
IN an unfortunate light. Perhaps
1t was too early for many of the
revelations she makes, and too late
for judging the conduct and ac-
tons OF those now dead. There is.
however, certain charm and mai
vete in what she writes of the more
personal side of her home life. AS
to state affairs. perhaps Mareot
Asqulth might have better handled
the various situations which daily
arose.
To those who have a sincere love
for books, a natural liking, not Just
a cultivated one, John T. Win
terlchs Books and the Stories Be-
hind Them" will give untold pleas
ure. He has seeing eye when it
comes to the beauty to wit, the
literary value and the meat of the
books of the dozens of authors which
ne discusses. He tells about the
men and women who wrote them
bits OF gossip, bits of sparkling con-
versation, their trials and tribu-
lations before achieving greatness;
all delightful. He tells how Swift
planned "Gulliver's Travels" as a
satiric survey of mankind. anu
wonders if the dean would not
have been irate and shocked to
know that for many years it has
been classed among the best sellers
for children who in all generations
have taken it literally as a Jolly
good story, intriguing, and full of
surprises.
Evening star., 1939-02-26

their three children are returning
this week end to their home, in
North Hills. after spending some
time in Florida. Mrs. Benson, ac-
companied by her youngest child,
spent month in Mount Dora with
her parents and was joined there
last week by her husband and the
other children.
Mrs. J. G. Sample entertained the
86 Club Thursday evening at the
South Woodside Park home.
DR.. and Mrs Hewlett are enter
tanning Mr.. and Mrs. Thomas Lips
comb of Richmond, Va, over this
week end
Mr. and Mrs. Robert S. Bains and
their son, John Bains, left Tuesday
for Florida, where they are spend
ing several weeks. The parents of
both Mr.. and Mrs. Bains are in
Miami for three months and Mr.. and
Mrs. Bains. jr. plan to spend the
greater part of their visit there.
Evening star., 1939-02-26
Mrs. Mary Palmer
Is Guest Here

The Surgeon General of the Navy
and Mrs. Ross McIntire have as their
guest Mrs. Mary B. Palmer, who ar
rived Friday from her home, in
California. Mrs. Palmer will remain
until the middle of the week, when
she will 60 to New York to sail
Thursday for a cruise to the West
Indies.
Mrs. Mc1ntire and her niece, Miss
Anne David, were hosts last evening
to a group of 48 young doctors who
are students at the Navy School
Evening star., 1939-02-26
Birthday arties, Shower
Mark Silver Spring Week
Miss Lee Durham Entertained;
Mrs. Beryl English Hostess
In Celebrating Anniversaries
In Celebrating Anniversaries

Several birthday parties shower brdeeec number
bridge parties marked the social activities Spring
enVlrons during the
Miss Lee Durham, whose place
honor surprise
and Mrs. Ethel Goss.
Mrs Be English entertained at bridge
residence Locust
in celebration of the birthday anniversaries
Joseph Cssel Mrs William
Evening star., 1939-02-26

Becker, Miss Margaret Townsend.
Mr.. Anthony de Balasy, counselor
of the Hungarian Legation; Mr..
John Hammond. Mr.. Winant john
ston, Mrs. Eldridge E. Jordan, Mrs.
Warren Delano Robbins, Mr.. and
Mrs. Edger Prochnik, Admiral and
Mrs. George Pettengill. Mr.. Benja-
man Plunket. attache of the British
Embassy: Mr.. and Mrs. Harold
Sims, Mr.. and Mrs. Drew Pearson,
Mr.. Merritt Swift. Mrs. Eleanor Pat
terson, Mr.. and Mrs. John L. New
bold, jr.; Mr. and Mrs. Stewart
Mcdonald, Miss Emily Meyers, Capt.
William Mason Wright, jr: Mr.
Spottswood White, Mr.. Kemper
Simpson and Mr.. James Mitchell.
Evening star., 1939-02-26
Admiral to Return

Rear Admiral and Mrs. Charles S.
Butler will return tomorrow from
Southern Maryland where they are
spending the week end.
Evening star., 1939-02-26

given in Woodman Hall Saturday
evening for the benefit of the Meth
odiSt Church.
Evening star., 1939-02-26

fishing on the SIDE
Sans sword, gold braid, decorations and
cooked hat, the Chief of the American Navy
dressed in plain citizens clothes, If placed
alongside the rulers of other countries when
reviewing the fleet would present marked
contrast. Mr.. Roosevelt is the first sailor
President in the history of the United States
and the first who has any practical knowledge
OF that branch of the service. There have
been distinguished Army men, such as George
Washington Andrew Jackson, Zachary Tay-
lor and others. but it is doubted if those
doughty old warriors-maybe with the excep-
ton OF Jackson-knew bowsprit from top
gallant or jib boom from main sail-and
neither do We
The strange fascination of ships and the
sea for President Roosevelt began in his early
ooyhood days when he sat on the string piece
OF his Grandfather Delanos stone wharf at
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-02-16
Sacred College Hears German Cardinal Talk
tcontinued from Page D
a process of elimination.
 Cardinal OsC0nneIi Sails

o process or cllLnluhblOus
 Cardinal O'ConneIl Sails
 New York, Feb. 16-(UP)--Wil- liam Cardinal O'Connell, archbishop of Boston, sailed last night aboard the Italian Liner Saturnia for Oi- braltar. where he will change to the liner Neptunia to arrive in Rome Feb. 28 and participate in election of a successor to Pope Plus xI.
 The Saturnia reaches Gibraltar Feb. 26. The Neptunia, bearing two South American cardinals, will dock at Naples, and the three cardinals will make the 155-mile trip to Rome by automobile.
 The 7o-year-old Cardinal O'Con- nell, dean of the Catholic Hierarchy in the United States, recently has been i'll, but told reporters aboard ship he felt very well"
 "This is Q very solemn occasion and must treat 1t in 6 very solemn manner" he said. I am very grate- full to everyone and to the Italian steamship line. The management was particularly kind in arranging for my transfer to expedite my voyage to Rome"
 The cardinals party included Monsignor Michael J. Splaine, Of Brookline, Mass, and Judge Paul Kirk of the Massachusetts superior court.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-02-16

ance of Morgenthau and Woodring and then take up the $376, 6,000, 900 emergency national defense bill passed by the house and sent to the senate yesterday.
 The house bill authorizing an in- crease of army air strength from 2,320 to $500 planes, was passed by vote of 367 to IS. Fourteen Re- publicans and one Democrat voted against 1t.
 The committee approved @ resolu- ton by Senator H. Styles Bridges, R., N. H., asking for Wilson's ap- pearance. Bridges said he had reason to doubt that Wilson's opinions would coincide with those of the ambassadors to Great Britain and France, Joseph P. Kennedy and Will liam 0. Bullitt, who told the com mittee last month that they antici- pated Q general European war this spring.
 Republicans Seek Publicity
 Republican congressional leaders have demanded to know why Wilson was not summoned before the com- mittee at that time. He was !n Washington, having been recalled by Mir. Roosevelt last fall from Ber- lin for report and discussion" Ger man ysubsequently recalled its arn- bagsador.
 It was believed that Republican committee members hoped to force Mongenthau and Woodring to repeat the testimony they gave in confi- dence ct the earlier hearing for the benefit of the public. Chairman Morris Sheppard, D., Texas, was ex- pected to question Mongenthau concerning the cooperation the treasury gave the French air mis- sion. Woodring was to testify con- corning the cooperation the war department gave, repeatedly on the order of MT. Roosevelt.
 Secrets to Bc Deleted
 Sheppard said Q transcript of the
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-02-16
WAR SECRETS ARE
 NOT FOR PUBLIC
Republicans Are Trying to Reveal All Deals Made
 With France
By RONALD c. VAN TINE Limited Press Staff COrrespondent


 Washington, Feb. i6-(UP)-Tht senate military affairs committed called Secreatry of War Harry H Woodring and Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau, Jr., tc testify for the public record today concerning the cooperation they gave French mission buying late model America rl-made fighting planes.
 The two cabinet officers were ex- pected to repeat and elaborate their testimony given the committee in Its first hearng. These were secret The committee has decided to make all proceedings public except those relating to military secrets.
 The committed. did not decide tc call Morgenthau and Woodring until late yesterday afternoon, too late to find out whether they would be able to appear today. f they cannot, they will testify later.
 Hugh Wilson to Testify
 The committee also agreed to sum- mon Hugh R. Wilson, ambassador to Germany, to give his views on the European situation. It was no, known when he would appear.
 The committee was expected tc conclude it's investigation of French plane purchases with the appear
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-02-16
FLOOD CONTROL
 COMMISSION ACTS

Hartford, Conn.,. Feb. i0--(uP)-- The newly -created Connecticut flood control commission began work toe day on c study of the states flood control needs and other water prob- lems. The commission will erport to the General Assembly by April ib.
 The commission, named late yes- terday by Gov. Raymond E. Bald- win, comprises: General Sanford II
 Wadhams. chairman of tho state water commission: James A, New lands, Hartford, sanitary engineer; Prof. Charles R. Hoover. Wesleyan University chemical engineer: Ernest L. Averill, Hartford, former deputy state attorney genoral and Martin ]. 0ormley. New Haven attorney.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-02-16
JUDGE THOMAS IS
 BACK IN NEW YORK

(Continued from Page D receiver, were referred Ito the bill of complaint" spellacy arranged for the filing of the petition.
 "There was, need to act fast" he replied to another question concern ing the alleged si0000,000 shortage in assets of the firms crude drug department. Nov it's si8,000 000."
 Federal authorities who will ques- ton Thomas are Investigating the conduct Of Martin T. Manton, who resigned February 2 as senior judge of the second United States circuit court Of appeals.
 What CahiiI Wants
 It was reported that Cahill wanted information about the case of John l.. Lotsch, patent attorney and board chairman Of the Fort Greene Na- tional bank Of Brooklyn which the Federal Deposit Insurance corpora tipn Is liquidating. Charges against Lotschr, originating in Thomas dis-
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-02-16
HURRICANE GALE
 HITS WATERBURY
Continued from Page D

of commission in Waterbury today with crews working on them and expecting to have all lines in con- dition by nightfall. One station each in Cheshire and Thomaston was out of commission, 31 in Watertown and five in Naugatuck.
 Huge Truck Stalled
 A huge truck of the trailer type partially blocked traffic on Chase parkway yesterday and early today after it's driver, starting down the hill near Sunnyside avenue, noticed the warning against truck travel and attempted to stop. The trailer jack knifed across the highway and snapped off the air hose to the brakes. The truck was carrying 10 tons of raw rubber to the United States Rubber O., at Naugatuck.
 Sergeant Charles McWeeney of the motor patrol and Motor Patrol man John McDonough investigated the truck accident today. Laube In- terstate, Inc, was engaged in trans ferring the load today preliminary to repairing the truck.
 Very Few Accidents
 Police had received reports of comparatively few accidents this morning although number of minor collisions resulted from icy condition of streets. Clarence L. AL len, 23, of 514 Piedmont street, was arrested on charge of reckless driv- ing by Motor Patrolmen James Wagner and John Culleton at i2:30 o'clock this morning after his car was in collision with one driven by Mario Ferandez, g, of 168 Mil street.
 A truck engaged in loading at the Steele building, West Main street, this morning, skidded into a cellar, and wrecking equipment was required to extradite 1t.
 Barometer Drop
 The barometer dropped yesterday to 20.25 as the semi-tropical storm swept over the city. Heavy showers were incident to the near hurricane. The e0-degree temperature at noon droppd to around 64 degrees early last evening and snow started fall- ing at about 8 o'clock. At 2 o'clock today, the temperature had dropped to l6 degrees, then started Up 2 degrees in the hour following. there- after dropping to the coldest level in three weeks, 13 degrees just before noon.
 Forecast is for continued cold fair weather today, cloudy and milder tomorrow.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-02-16

trict court, were dismissed by Q three-judge circuit court Of which Manton was 0 member at time when, according to New York Dis trict Attorney Thomas E. Dewey, Manton was personally indebted to Lotsch's bank for S37,600.
 Dewey made that and several other charges against Manton in Q letter to Chairman Hatton W. Sum- lers, D. Texas, of the house judi- ciary committee, prior ot Manton's resignation. Dewey had gathered the evidence, he said, in Q state income tax investigation.
 Manton appeared before the grand jury Investigating his conduct yes- terday. Federal investigators dis- closed coincidentally that his income in g years on federal benches had exceeded Si,000010. His salary amounted to about s260,000. Ills other interests included real estate holdings and various corporations.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-02-16

(Continued from Page D pass and, in his thick flying suit, began fighting huge snow drifts down into the valley.
 Daylight came and went three times, but .lreck lost count He kept struggling, and automatically after @ time
 Sometimes I had to roll over the snow to keep from begging down, J he said. Sometimes I waded. l never seemed to stop because my hy- Ing suit was soggy wet and was afraid I'd freeze stiff. I believe the suit weighed then 75 pounds. Only once found some water I tried to eat snow, but 1t tasted like pine cones.
 No Animals Around
 "There weren't even animals around. Nothing, just the mountains and the snow. 1 was on my radio beam when I crashed and I kept heading back toward Spokane. I never thought much about dying or freezing to death. I just kept going.
 Tt seemed to me I had been go- ing for weeks and months when I finally saw the smoke of @ farm house I thought I'd never make 1t there"
 Farmer Saves Him
 He did, and Nordall Amundson, the farmer, took him in late Tues day. fed him, and put him to bed. shreck was unable to sleep. After breakfast, Afnundson hitched team of horses to his old car and dragged 1t out through snowdrifts He put shreck in 1t and drove him, from the wolf lodge neighborhood, % miles northeast to Occur D'Aiene Shreck estimated he crashed % miles east Of Amundson's home.
 shreck's feet were frost-bitten. He also suffered some from exposure. His wife. who over their short-wave home radio set heard his last re- port, that he was falling, could say only of his escape: Its wonderful
 "He never smokes or drinks" said an airport employe. "He always uses his head, too. You'll notice he didn't forget his compass"
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-02-16

the northeast late yesterday and last night.
 There were power failures in the Connecticut river valley, but the in- conveniences were of short duration.
 The shore line, extensively dam- aged in tiie hurricane and tidal wave of last September, escaped the fury of the storm which travelled inland and blew itself out of the Maine coast.
 Temperatures dropped as much as 40 degrees during the night and there was a light snowfall. The weather today was clear and crisp, compared with the fog, rain, thun- derstorms and 40-miles-an hour wind of yesterday.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-02-16
NEW ENGLAND HIT

Boston, Feb. 16.-CUP)-One death was reported today aS Q new cold wave nipped New England, ending floods threats that followed near hurricane, spring-like temperatures and torrential rains yesterday,
 The temperature dropped steadily in Boston this morning, reaching 17 at 10 Q. irl., A degrees below yes- terday's maximum of 6l.2, the high est for Feb. 15 in the weather bu- reaus history. A minimum of 10 was predicted for tonight to be fol- lowed by rising temperatures to- morrow.
 At quincy, Raymond P. Trop, 5s, 0 radio technician, dropped dead of 0 heart attack, perhaps induced by the cold, while awaiting a train ct Atlantic station.
 Panicky shore-line residents of Massachusetts and Rhode Island feared e new hurricane yesterday afternoon as the wind velocity rose to as high aS 70 miles ail hour. Like the storm last Sept. q that took 682 lives. the wind was southwest.
 Rhode Island Hit Hard
 Tn Rhode Island, hardest-hit state ha the September hurricane, Governor William H. Vanderbilt mobilized state police and coast guards for emergency duty. Resi- dents of Island Park were evacu- ated as the ocean poured over high- ways.
 Providence shopkeepers, whose stock was ruined by the tidal wave that accompanied the September hurricane, moved merchandise to upper floors as the Providence river rose alarmingly in the business sec- ton. However the storm subsided before the river burst It's banks.
 Three plate glass windows in the Providence business section were blown out and c section of c roof of c dwelling was carried away.
 The Newport, R. l., tug Champion grounded on shoals off Dyer's Island in NaTagansett Bay. At Bristol, the lighthouse tender Shrub was forced to leave her dock and head Into the wind to escape being bat- tered against the pier,
 Ships Are in Trouble
 The storm forced the steamer Nantucket, which plies between New Bedford and Nantucket and Mar tha's Vineyard Islands. to tie LID for the night ct Vineyard Haven.
 While coast guards were search- ing for them, Antone deurreiro. b2 and Joseph Souza, 70. brought their battered 28-foot power dory into Provincetown harbor after riding out the gale in the leo Of c buff ct Highland Point.
 Two other Provineetown fisher- men, Captain Joseph Taryis and his son Joseph, Jrp put in ct Plymouth in their craft Mayhower IT.
 Hull coast guards rescued C U. 6. geodetle survey launch and two barges that broke away from c wharf. Several large billings were washed away from the Nantasket steamship pier.
 At Portland, Me. Evans L. Doughty, 34, mad Clinton R. Cush- Ing, S. were rescued when their small fishing boat was swamped at the harbor channel entrance.
 Ashore trees were blown down and windows shattered. A henhouse was wrecked at sherborn, killing 200 chickens. A two-car garage waG flattened in Broekton. Wrecked power lines cut of the south end Of Broekton and parts of West Bfidgewater and the Eastons. The grandstand ct Weymouth fair grounds collapsed.