davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-01-01

message as well. proposing a vast
expansion of American air power,
TO follow week later.
Among the reports said to be
given credence in high administra-
ton circles are:
/. In a single month, November,
Germany'S new aircraft plants,
geared to war speed. turned out more
than 1000 warplanes. triple the
American monthly average this year.
2. Any one of upwards of half
dozen of the major German plants
employs more men than the entire
American industry-about $4,000 at
present. Altogether probably 100000
skilled German technicians are at
work now on aircraft.
3. Though Britain doubled her
production rate in 1888. it is still
only half Germany's average for
the year.
the worlds strongest air power, did
not complete single fighting plane
in recent period of several weeks.
Comparisons.
Official and semi official sources
provided these revised figures on
the aerial activity of the principal
powers:
Germany-Average monthly out
put of planes for the entire year,
500 Some 100000 at work on air
craft, a third of all conscripts as
signed to the air forces.
Great Monthly average
output for the year $50 planes
Royal air force expanded from g.
900 to $4,000 men between March
and November, to be increased to
100000 by June.
Italy Monthly average, 200
planes. All conscripts get primary
air training, with the pick assigned
permanently to the air forces. Bud
get for the next fiscal year calls
for rs per cent increase for the air
forces.
France-Actual monthly average
undisclosed, but understood to be
far less than Italys. Energetic
efforts being made to remedy def
ciencies.
Soviet RuSsia-Devotes a major
portion of energies and funds to air
strength, but exact figures are secret
Seldom boasts now as formerly of
the worlds greatest" air force. Sew
eral hundred thousand youths given
pre-fiying instruction before they
enter the army, at the age of 10, for
two years service.
S. Paul Johnston, editor of the
magazine Aviation, turned over to
officials information he obtained this
fall in five week tour of Europe
He reported Germany was two and
one-half times as strong in the air
as the United States, and rated the
powers relative strength thus:
Germany. 10; Italy. g. Great Brit
ain, s.: United States, 4; France, 2.
Evening star., 1939-01-01
Soviet Court Enatts;,
Scene Recalling
Story Of Ruth
Briton Gets Off Easy
For Unauthorized
Flight to See Wife
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
MOSCOW, Dec. 31.-A scene re-
calling the biblical narrative of Ruth
was enacted in Municipal Court
today when Bryan Grover, 37-year-@
old English engineer on trial for his
unauthorized and dramatic flight
for love" into Soviet Russia, declared
he wanted to give up his own coun-
try to be with the woman he loved.
The court let him off easy with
fine of 1900 rubles $4,000, expelled
him from the Soviet Union for five
years and confiScated his second-
hand airplane in which he flew on
November 13 from Stockholm into
Russia without permission when he
heard his Russian-born wife was in
extreme need. '-
Standing in the little courtroom
beneath portrait of Joseph Stain,
Grover testified how he had lived
and worked here in the oil industry
as foreign specialist from 1881 to
1884
Patience Exhausted. o..
11C IOlNl ljOW ltIl III lObC WILL
beautiful Eleana Petrovna Golius
and married her in 1888. A year
later he took job in Iran, thinking
he could send for her later. Since
then he had not seen her, but each
month he sent her money, mean
while trying repeatedly to get per-
mission to rejoin her or permission.
for foor tn ioir him ohrOo6
Finally he could stand it no longer.
II knew it was crime to cross.
the border without permission he
testified. Il was desperate. 1 wrote
to my wife that my patience was at
an end and would fly here"
Grover bought a second hand
airplane for 5000, took flying lessons
for three weeks, and then hoped
for the Soviet Union.
II was not flying blind" he went
on, thrusting out a determined chin.
Il was flying at an altitude of 10000
feet above the clouds in clear sky"
He landed November Is at little
collective farm and Immediately told
the astonished farmers to call the
militia"
Bids for Citizenship.
After six weeks in Jail, he signed
deposition offering to become a
Soviet citizens if there was no other
way to live in the same country
with his wife.
His attitude toward her was that
of Ruth: "Wither thou goest, I will
go. Thy people shall be my people"
His wife was not in the court
room, nor was she mentioned in the
verdict. Her present whereabouts
is unknown.
Evening star., 1939-01-01
Defense
Continued From First Page.)

is for national defense and how
much of it is for political defense?
In other words, how much is agita-
ton to divert public attention from
the results of the November elec-
tionS?
The question must necessarily
arise when we read in the news
papers that White House plans are
being worked out with the advice
of those two eminent military and
naval authorities, Mr.. Harry Hop
kins and Mr.. Thomas Corcoran.
Every citizen wants adequate ma
tional defense, but if the elections
meant anything they meant that the
people want Congress to determine
in its own constitutional right, what
is adequate 4
1T has now become generally
recognized that the New Deal tech
nique is to find new crisis new
emergency whenever the need
arises to turn public attention away
from failure or mistake"
RED Herring Trick"
Mr.. Barton said the New Deal ad-
ministration had followed such a
course after the Supreme Court in
valuation of the N. r. A., after the
failure of the attempt to pack the
Supreme Court and after the ap-
pointment of Justice Hugo L. Black
to the Supreme Court and the "Ku
KluX Klan revelations" He said
that the President then let go the
startling Chicago speech of Octo-
ber 5, 1887, in which he demanded
that 'aggressor nations be 'quaran-
tined After the defeat of the
reorganization bill, he said, the
country was entertained with fire.
side chat on pump printing De-
feat of the Presidents purge was
Immediately followed by his moving
into the war situation abroad.
Now with the New Deal reverses
IN the elections" continued Mr.. Bar
ton, I'VE have the sudden menace
to the Monroe Doctrine, and the
need for frantic expansion of our
national defense.
This red herring trick of the New
Deal politicians has tecome thread
bare from too constant use; the Ma
ton is no longer in mood to be
stampeded
"Of necessity, the Congress must
demand that the President make
plain his foreign policy. which up
to this time has been underlined and
shrouded in mystery. The Congress
must not and will not leave to the
discretion of one individual-even
the President-the whole decision
as to how vast national defense
shall be created, how expensive it
shall be. and what its cost of upkeep
will be-"
One important Democratic leader
Evening star., 1939-01-01
Silver
Continued From First Page)

countries and only about 248, 500 900
ounces was purchased from domestic
miners at the higher price given
domestic industry.
Gold Purchases Ahead.
The 1884 act instructed the Treas
ury to keep on buying silver until it
owned 81 of silver for every So
of gold it owns-a goal never
reached because gold purchases con-
tinued even more rapidly than silver
acquisitions. With $14,325, 900 ,00G
worth of gold in the Treasury, the
Treasury is short approximately
81 100000 900 worth of silver at
S1.29 per ounce.
Silver purchases actually cost the
Treasury nothing, because it pays
for the silver with silver certificate
currency, issued in the cost amounts
of the metal. By law, the Treasury
could issue $129 cents worth of
paper money for every ounce of
silver it acquires. But it refuses to
issue more money than the cost
value of the metal to Stave off what
it regards as the inflationary effects
of overvaluing silver. Thus, the
Treasury has a theoretical profit of
100000 on silver purchases
which it could realize at any time
by issuing more paper money.
The price of domestic silver is
extremely important to such mining
States as Nevada and Utah because
silver is largely a by-product of
other mining operations, such as
those for copper and zinc. In areas
where the strain of copper or other
primary ore is not very rich, the
price that miners can get for the
by-product silver often determines
whether they should operate their
mines at all
Evening star., 1939-01-01
Lead Taken byU. 5.
In Fight on Japan's
New Order in Asia
Notice Served on Toxic
To Retain Open
Door in China
BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND
Japan's increasing exclusion OF
American commerce and mis-
SiondrieS from China brought
protest in OCTOBER from Sscre-
tdry of State Hull against such
restriction OF American actl,Dt,es.
Japan'S reply November lS rGs
characterized as unsatisfactory
by Secretary HUI, DhO mann
tdined Japan could not close the
open door" in China.
Evening star., 1939-01-01

present top officials of the division:
therefore, the management and
duties of the Office should be
changed. But this change should
not offer an excuse for substituting
inexperienced or unframed manage
ment, since it is such persons who
are bleeding the body polite white,
just as ignorance of fundamentals
led surgeons to bleed George WASH
| ington into the grave in treating a
severe cold"
Property and insurance division Of
the Public Assistance Division: THE
property and insurance division of
the Public Assistance Division is
fairly we'll managed. 1t should also
manage certain details of rental,
property and insurance for certain
sections of all categories of relief.
social security and w. P. A."
Nonresident service of the Public
Assistance Division: "The non-resi-
dent service of the Public Assistance
Division is fairly we'll performed, but
should be expanded into major
service in order to get former farm
ers and agricultural laborers now
on relief in the District of Colum-
bia back to the soil; and small town
laborers who will continue to be
stranded in Washington back to the
small towns whence they came, or
to other less congested, less expen-
sive areas"
Offices Are Scattered.
Relief applicants: There are
many unnecessarily cruel disap-
pointments visited upon applicants
for w. P. A. work, unemployment
compensation benefits, social secur-
ity and general relief in the District.
not because the leaders and workers
in these agencies are cruel or un-
thinking, but because of the scat
| tered Office locations, the separate
operation of independent bureaus
and services using different inter-
pretations of the same phenomena
and having widely different but
often seemingly overlapping func-
tionS'
Briefly. among the many other
Communications of Mr. Lewis are
these:
l. Better management in all pub
lie agencies.
2. Close correlation between re-
sponsibility for funds and respon-
sibility for services to individuals in
families.
3. Appointments in the agencies
on the basis of merit and fitness
of professionals in the various fields,
"and not merely the use of a few
specialists and miscalled profession
ais of one or two particular types"
4. A consolidated intake service
for all adults applying for work or
assistance.
S. More effective concentration
upon common sense measures" in
the rehabilitation of families and
the adoption of household char
acter building and morale strength
ening program In the homes where
children are found. -
Evening star., 1939-01-01

the United States. They have only
five battleships, Is cruisers, "a de-
stroyers and 20 submarines, and their
combined air strength is only 600
planes.
The present naval program calls
for 20 per cent increase in under
age naval vessels above the old treaty
strength. 1t also authorizes mini
mum of 5000 naval planes and the
acquisition of 26 vessels in the non-
treaty categories. The cost of the
program, to be spread over period
six to eight years. was estimated at
$1,000 $50 900 if capital ships of 35,-
900 tons are to be built, and at ST.
Isl ,65G000 if capital ships of 5000
tons are ordered.
When the program is completed,
the American Navy will have
1927 ,480 tons of warships. divided
as follows: Is battleships, aircraft
carriers, 46 cruisers, 144 destroyers
and Sc submarines, all under age
vessels.
86S,35O Tons Now.
On December 81, 1897, the United
States had 868.350 tons of warships,
Great Britain 1,112,373 tons and
Japan 780,978 tons. The United
States had over 100000 tons building
or appropriated for under old re-
placement programs, and the first
instalment of the new 1888 expan-
sion program. Great Britain had
589,9l5 tons building or appropriated
for, Japan's program was something
Of mystery. The figure given was
68,260 tons, but it did not include
a replenishment program begun in
1897 and believed to provide for the
construction of Sc ships.
The Regular Army and National
Guard provide an immediate avail
able force of 1865 900 men, and
enough reserve officers are available
to officer an army of 100000 men.
Criticism of the expected admin
istration armament expansion pro-
gram comes from another angle
that it is put forward for the purpose
of another big spending program by
the Government, and that it is to
be combined with relief and re-
covery. Already number of Sena-
tors have sharply criticized any
such effort.
Nazi Rearming Seen Factor.
The evidence that NaZi Germany's
feveriSh aerial armament. reinforced
by 1taly'S, threatened a complete
shift in the world balance of power
was said by some close to the admin
istration to have influenced Mr.
Roosevelt's conferences here since
Munich with the American ENJOYS
to Germany, Great Britain. Italy
and France.
Military and diplomatic officials
said the evidence had given direc-
tion both to the annual message
which Mr.. Roosevelt will deliver
Wednesday and to the special arms
Evening star., 1939-01-01
D. G. Relief
Continued From First Page.)

viduals and families who hereafter
may attempt to migrate to the
District of Columbia, or who may
be assisted to leave the District
to return to the soil in the general
sections of the country whence they
came to Washington"
To bring about some measure of
social control over "the stream OF
migrants, he proposed that all per-
sons who are to receive relief on
and after January /, 1910, must
show a residence of one year in the
District of Columbia prior to the
date of their application, and during
any such year must have worked at
some gainful occupation, for which
unemployment compensation bene-
fits were being accumulated.
Many Get Too Little.
The investigation of total incomes
in households where a person re-
ceived general relief or a social Sc
curity grant, Mr.. Lewis said, re-
vealed "a surprising proportion of
households in each category or clas-
sification where security grant
supplements a relatively high level
of income from other sources. This
means that the few are getting too
much. On the other hand, an undue
proportion of the total households
in each category or classification re-
ceiving grants or w. P. A. work are
getting too little"
THE other income in respect to
households in which there are re-
cipients of social security or general
relief grants" the reporter added
may come from another Govern
ment job, from money sent home
by c. c. C. camp enrollee or from
a w. P. A. job. In the case of the
w. P. A.. there may be the other
household income coming from aid
to dependent children, old-age as
sistance, or aid to the blind or gen.
eral relief grants, in addition to in
come from other sources.
"It is the old story over again, just
as in periods of rapid imitation, or OF
oil or gold discovery, or of the open
ing of new lands; the few are get
ting more than their share and the
many are getting too little. In the
District of Columbia, the number
of those getting relief grants on tor
of other income is out of proper
ton to what normally would be ex-
pected from discrepancies prevail
ing elsewhere or what might be
looked for in a we'll administered
system. Still the number getting
too little or nothing is also out OF
proportion to the total. The facts
indicate an immediate major task
of great Importance must be per-
formed, in spite of the grave diff
culties of separating recipients from
relief grants who think that pos
session is nine points Of the law
Evening star., 1939-01-01
Richmond BuiIdina Up

RICHMOND, Va, Dec. 81 P.-
Henry P. Beck, Richmond building
inspector, said today new construc-
ton in the city during 1888 hit its
highest level since pre-depression
years. Permits issued called for
expenditures of S4,524O45, an in
crease of $349,957 over 1887.
Evening star., 1939-01-01

income brackets, and either the
wages or the hours per work week
! take into account the size of the
family then the Federal and Dis
trict Governments might join in
raising the level of w. P. A. wages
only for those who would be willing
to leave the District of Columbia for
w. P. A. employment where living
costs are lower, and where the op-
portunities for rehabilitation in pri-
vate jobs or in private business OBJ
viously are much greater than they
are, or will be, in the District of
Columbia"
Mr.. Lewis said his plan of action"
to control the stream of migrants
into the District and the establish
ment of income ceilings should be
adopted so as to prevent the devel-
opment of a permanent proletariat
in urban areas, which Thomas JET
ferson feared, and to move large
groups of people permanently away
from the dangers of bombing from
the air, and from long-range artil-
lery trained upon thickly populated
urban centers'
progressively" he added, 'Such
plans in operation would dispel the
myth about there being no more
available lands to settle in the
United States of America"
Comments on Agencies.
Taking up separately the various
agencies dealing with the relief
problem, Mr.. Lewis commented on
the organization, administration,
and personnel. Extracts from some
of his remarks follow:
District w. P. A.-"The District
w. P. A. lacks sufficient number of
professional workers, not necessarily
case workers alone. but experts in
several fields. + ="
Public Assistance Division-"Pub-
lie Assistance Division statistics and
its system of estimating financial
needs are almost crude, usually in
adequate, and commonly insufficient
for a modern department of public
welfare. The failure of bureau CO.
OpCI IdGlOIl WlUlllll VIC DOdlu VI Z uDllC
Welfare can be understood by the
fact that often it has taken the
leaders of an outside child welfare
agency within the board together in
order to discuss common problems
in the light of facts which should
have been apparent to BOTH"
Need Welfare Administrator.
Board of Public Welfare: THE
Board of Public Welfare is function
ing in accordance with an outmoded
formula requiring it, as an unpaid
board of citizens, to act in an admin
istrative capacity in too great vol
ume of cases. There is need
| for a chief administrator, although
the social security laws of the Dis
trict do not expressly demand one
The management of the Public As
sistance Division of the Board of
Public Welfare is not efficient, partly
for reasons which are inherited from
the past from which 1t has never
recovered, and partly because the
! task u beyond the abilities Of the
Evening star., 1939-01-01

ney-Gwinn Corp. operating a 120,-
O00-acre farm demonstration In
Florida. He was president for a
while of a corporation doing an an
nual dairy business of $5,O0O,000 in
the South.
The honorary degree. of doctor of
science was conferred upon him in
1924 by Rutgers College. He had
taken postgraduate work at the
University of Wisconsin and Cornell
University.
Evening star., 1939-01-01

and of itself establishes a perma-
nent right to the grant.
| Some of us who have witnessed
the general failure in widely sepa-
rated sections of the country to de-
tach any appreciable number of
persons from the relief rolls once
they get on them, except where the
withdrawal is made voluntarily or
| through the advice of friends, are
concerned lest the necessary sepa-
rations are undertaken in the Dis
trict of Columbia in the wrong
spirit and in an improper manner.
without neglecting to bring cases
of suspected fraud in proper form,
for consideration and action by the
corporation counsel and the United
States district attorney, 1t will be
necessary to proceed with care in
order to accomplish the necessary
volume OF separations from the re-
lief and social security rolls"
Would Fix Income Ceiling
AS check in the future of those
reported to be receiving "too much"
Mr.. Lewis suggested that Congress
establish a ceiling" of income in
the household above which no public
assistance grant in any category of
social security can be matched with
Federal funds.
If the ceiling or upper level of
other income in the household were
fixed at $50 per month for the Dis
trlct OF Columbia. and for other
urban areas having a population up
to and including between 100000
and 100000, ard finally, of $40 per
month for households in rural areas
and in towns and cities up to $4,000
population" he said, then the Fed
eral Government might be author
lied to match up SO per cent of all
grants up to $40 for the aged and
the blind up to $50 per month for
aid to dependent children and gen.
eral relief recipients.
"Such plan could be made safe
for democracy if any particular
grant to a recipient in a household
with total income from other
sources'-above any of the ceilings
hereinbefore mentioned-could be
made only with the approval of the
Commissioners of the District of
Columbia, or of any State. city, town
or county, and then only after fair
hearing upon due notice to the par
ticular applicant and the fiscal
authorities of the proper govern
mental unit
Mr. Lewis, incidentally, described
conditions prevailing in many
households in the lower income
brackets in which there are workers
receiving District w. P. A. wage as
Serious but opposed proposals
that the wage be raised.
THE facts unearthed in our in
vestigation," he said, tend to show
that such raising of all w. P. A.
wages at this time would continue
the inequalities and that it
would take no proper account of
the size of the family. When, how
ever, remedial provision has been
made for the families In the lower
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1939-08-04
CANADIAN WORKERS
ARE DEMANDING BAN
ON BATA SHOE PLANT

Montreal (ILNS) Catholic and in
ternational shoe industry union lead
ers, supported by thousands of shoe
workers and sympathizers, demanded
here that the Canadian government
keep the Bata Shoe Company of
Czechoslovakia from Canada.
The Czechoslovakian company has
been granted permission to build
factory in Ontario and to import 200
key employees.
The union leaders and workers
unanimously passed a resolution at
a mass meeting of protest demanding
| that the federal government ban the
industry and refuse entry to the key
men on the grounds that the company
used unfair tactics towards it's en-
ployes.
Philippe Girard, president of the
executive committee of the Catholic
Syndicates, charged that the company
used system of apprenticeship and
"speed-up" conveyor methods of man
ufacture that allegedly forced its
workers to state of slavery" He
warned that the company would kill
competitors in Canada and force
workers to accept reduced wages.
Raoul Trepanier, president of the
Montreal Trades and Labor Council,
assailed the company as the "dicta-
tor of shoes" and its conveyor system
as "a man-killer, bread-snatching
Isweatshop system"