davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana labor news., 1939-12-07
FOWLER EXPLAINS
VALUE TO UNIONS OF
WAGE HOUR ACT

c. w. Fowler, field representative
of the Wages and Hours Act, gave
one of the most interesting and
calculating talks on the Wages and
Hours Act that the unions have
heard Since the passage of the act
in 1888. Not only did MI. Fowler
explain very thoroughly the provi-
siops of the act but also all of the
overtime features, what constitutes
an executive, who are exempt, who
are bound under the law, etc. Mr..
Fowler also went into a history of
wage ana hour legislation and said
that the earliest recorded history
was found in the heiroglyphics of
the pyramids in which a law had
been drafted by the ruling classes
limiting the amount of wages that
could be charged the skilled laborer
for their wages.
An analogous situation occurred
in England shortly after the black
plague and after the population of
England had been almost extin-
guished by that dreadful disease.
Mr.. Fowler brought out that
where a state has enacted an eight
hour law governing work during a
period of a day that the Wages and
Hours Act could not abrogate the
state law. This question arose over
a statement by Mr.. Fowler that the
hour provision of the Wages and
Hours Act was based on a weekly
computation which at the present
time is AZ hours and not on a days
work. He said that 80 states now
have some sort of wages and hours
statute to supplement the national
act.
It was extremely interesting when
the speaker mentioned about some
of the chiseling which occurred back
East and how many of the manu-
facturers are in favor of the mea-
sure. He mentioned the story of
girls crocheting rings for window
blinds and how the government dis
covered that in some instances the
girls received only 4 cents an hour.
The final arbiter in cases involv-
ing infraction of the law are the
courts of the land. If the employ
er violates the law and does not
pay the amount specified and is
caught, the employee may compel
the employer to pay double wages
for everything he has been cheated
out of and also compel the employ
er to pay court costs and attorney
fees, said Mr.. Fowler.
Many of the technicalities of the
law and difficulties of administra-
ton were explained. A comparison
of the industry committees set up
under the act and British Trade
Boards was made by the speaker.
All in all the talk was very en-
tightening and the delegates were
extremely interested. One of the
most curious of the delegates asked
an explanation of the apparent
gravitation of all government agen-
cies and administration of social
legislation into the hands of the
Army.
Montana labor news., 1939-12-07
OPEN FORUM
Dr.. Lennes Replies 10
Letter OF Sen. Wheeler
Hon. Burton K. Wheeler,
U. s.. Senator,
Washington, D. C.

Hon. Burton K. Wheeler,
u. S. Senator,
Washington, D. c.
Dear Senator Wheeler:
l am committing the impertinence
of replying to your late letter to
President Simmons, which was pub
lished in some Of our papers. You
inquire very properly as to whether
the usual safeguards thrown around.
the professors tenure Of office are
being maintained here AsAthe Uni
versity. These safeguards are de-
scribed specifically in the contracts
of appointment and also in the gen.
eral policies of certain national or
CARNATIONS of which the State Uni
versity of Montana is a member and
to which policies it thereby has be-
come committed. It has come to
my attention that DR.. Simmons holds
that everything is proceeding ZEN
tirely according to regulations" 1t
is on this point that I wish to re-
mark.
A little over twenty years ago a
definite tenure of office policy was
adopted by our State Board of Edu-
cation, and a statement of this policy
is now incorporated in every con
tract of appointment. Under this
policy a professor whose qualities
are in question may be proceeded
against in either of two ways:
A. The board itself may take orig
inal jurisdiction and give the pro-
fessor a hearing before the board.
B. The case may be referred to a
Service Committee of the faculty for
fact-finding and recommendations,
and then passed on to the board for
final disposal.
This Service Committee (created
by the %tenure-act) consists of three
members of the faculty, one (the
chairman) being elected by the fac
ulty, one appointed by the president
of the State University, and one ap-
pointed by the chancellor of the
University of Montana. Since the
chancellor's office became vacant,
DR.. Swain, secretary of the board,
has made this last appointment.
During the twenty years that this
committee has been in existence, the
qualities of four members of the
faculty have been called in question
formally, and all these have been
referred to this committee for orig
inal investigation. In no case has
the board taken original jurisdic-
ton" That is, without a single ex-
ception, method B mentioned above
has been followed.
OF the four cases just mentioned,
one was referred to the committee
the professor had resigned, the
purpose being to find facts on which
reappointment might be based. One
case was withdrawn by the presi-
dent of the University before the
committee filed its report, and two
cases we're finally taken before the
board. In both of these last-named
cases the findings of the committee
were in favor of the professors and
the board sustained the committee,
in each case this involved a
considerable extra expense to the
state,
From the facts just stated it may
be concluded that a definite usage
has been established according to
which all such cases r normally
referred to the Service Committee
for original investigation and report.
This usage may be regarded as the
law of Montana covering
this point. This procedure is def
Continued on Page 81
Montana labor news., 1939-12-07
TEACHERS UNIONS
PROTEST ACTION OF
EDUCATION BOARD

Following are copies of letters sent
to Governor Ayers condemning ac-
ton of President Simmons and the
State Board of Education in dis
missing five professors:
WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS
TEACHERS FEDERATION
Local 230, American Federation
of Teachers
Nov. %, 1889.
Gov. Roy E. Ayers, ex officio chair
man Montana Board of Education,
State Capitol, Helena, Montana.
Dear Sir:
1t has recently come to the notice
of this organization that despite a
favorable verdict of Montana's high
est court, Prof. Keeney of Montana
University has been forced to resign,
and that four of his colleagues have
been asked to resign under circum-
stances closely resembling those of
Prof. Keeney's case. All the in
formation which can be secured on
the case seems to point to Pres, Sim
mons of the University as author of
these actions. Accordingly, this
body has passed a resolution censur-
ing DR.. Simmons conduct and pro-
testing in general such violations of
academic freedom as are apparent
in your State University. In view
Of the democratic basis on which
our country was founded, and in
view of the dangers with which such
molestation of civil and academic
are fraught, we feel that DR..
Simmons is no fit person to be at
the head of a University.
Sincerely yours,
Eleanor j. Gibson, Sec.
Montana labor news., 1939-12-07
CORRECTION

A correction should be noted in
the list of persons alleged to have
patronized the Lotus Beauty Shop
on South Montana street, which is
unfair and which list was published
in the issue of the Montana Labor
News Thursday, November 30.
Word has been received that in
the Ease of Cleo McNulty of 1925
Adams that the car reported in her
name had been sold by her at least
sever months ago.
1t appears that the new owner is
using the license number originally
acquired by Miss McNulty.
Montana labor news., 1939-12-07
Election Results From
The Polish Ukraine
And BeIorussia

In the Western Ukraine election
held Oct. %, 1889, 92.8 per cent OF
total electors cast their ballots, Out
of a total of 4,776,275 voters, 4,493,-
997 voted in favor of annexation
with U. S. S. R., ITO ballots were de-
clared invalid and out of a total
number of 1,484 delegates elected,
1,245 were men and 239 women.
Polls B~elOrussia
In the Western Belorussia cleo
ton, comprising 929 election areas
with 6,109 election precincts and
2,763, 191 voters, 2,4O9,522 COOS per
cent? voted for joining U. S. S. R.
Out of 927 deputies elected, 8O4 were
men and 1913 were women.
Both elections we're held on the
basis of universal, equal, direct suf-
frage and secret ballot. Absentee's
estates and much church property
had already been divided up
amongst the peasants.
Eastward fleeing destitute Polish
refugees meeting the Red army were
returned to their homes and fur
nished with food and clothing, Gig
arets and other nicknacks freely
passing from Red soldier to famished
peasant.
Amongst the fleeing horde were
many Polish soldiers, most of them
having discarded their useless
weapons along the road. In ragged
clothing, some with bleeding feet,
many sick and wounded, the migra-
ton resembled a scene where a
forest fire was raging, where coyotes,
wolves and hunters freely mingled
with lambs and fawns fleeing before
the fire, oblivious of everything but
their common danger.
Public officials and many in high
command had already crossed into
Rumania with all the plumber they
could handle. Such was the ending
Of Independent Poland.
Montana labor news., 1939-12-07

Genuine prosperity b
condition and situation
where all who so desire
may work and receive the
products Of their labor"
Leslie Taylor.
Montana labor news., 1939-12-07

There can be no prosperity
without justly high wages.
Earnings of working people
are the basis and index of
progress in any community.
Montana labor news., 1939-12-07

Mr.. James Graham, president of
the Montana State Federation of
Labor, was a Butte visitor Tuesday
when he spoke before the conven-
ton of automobile dealers. While
here he also held some unofficial
conversation with executive board
members of the Federation-Dris-
coll, Deloughery, and Pete Connors.
Montana labor news., 1939-12-07
AMERICAN
OLE

OF TEACHERS
University of Colorado Local No. 562
November %, 1899.
Gov. Roy E. Ayers,
Dear Governor Ayers:
At the request of Local 562, A. F.
of T., l respectfully transmit to you
the following resolution:
We, the members of Local 562,
American Federation of Teachers,
University and Public School Teach
ers of Boulder, Colorado, regret the
action of the Administration of Mon
tana State University and the Mon
tana State Board of Education in the
cases of Professors Philip o. Kee-
ney, E. A.. Atkinson, H. G. Merriam,
c. E. F. Mollett, and N. j. Lennes.
In view of the rulings of the
courts of the state of Montana re-
garding Prof. Keeney, we believe
that his status prior to his dismissal
in April, 1887, should be fully and
Immediately restored. We respect
fully suggest that the entire situa-
ton could best be resolved by
Continued on Page g.
Evening star., 1939-11-30
Rail Official Challenged
As Lawrence Witness
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
HARRISBURG, Pa, Nov. 30.-An
official of the Pennsylvania Railroad
awaited q court decision today to
determine whether he will testify in
the trial of Democratic State Chair
man David L. Lawrence.
Frank j. Fell, vice president and
controller of the railroad, was sum-
moned as the first defense witness
late yesterday, but attorneys for
the Commonwealth challenged his
right to appear.
Judge Howard w. Hughes said
he would issue ruling today.
Lawrence, former secretary of the
Commonwealth when the Democrats
were in power, is charged with con-
spring to favor the Pioneer Mate
rails Co. of Kittanning, in State
highway gravel contracts, and also
is accused of blackmailing the COM
pany's former head, Spurgeon Bow
ser, of $4,000.
o. K. Eaton, Lawrence's attorney,
summoned Fell as the first defense
witness in an effort to disprove
Bowser's accusation that the rail-
road paid Arthur Colegrove, former
secretary of property and supplies,
$4,000 in 1896 and 1887.
The prosecution objected that
Bowser's testimony referred only to
conversation with Lawrence, and
that Fells testimony would have
nothing to do with the case.
Evening star., 1939-11-30
Pennsylvania May Make
McNutt Second Choice
By the Associated Press.

0y LQS ASSOCldCeQ HIeSS.
HARRISBURG, Pa, Nov. 30.-A
visit to Pennsylvania by Paul v.
McNutt, Federal security admins
traitor, brought his name to the front
today among State Democratic party
leaders as their possible second
choice" for the presidential nomina-
ton next year.
The white-haired former Cover
nor of Indiana will be given a re-
ception Friday at a Philadelphia
hotel arranged by number of party
leaders, including Congressman.
, Top-flight party leaders in the
State long ago came out for Presi-
dent Roosevelt for a third term. but
in recent months reports have drift
ed into the capital of a sounding
of sentiment for a second choice,
should the President decide against
running.
Some informed sources among the
Democratic leadership said quiet
conferences which have been in
progress in recent weeks may crys-
talize into agreement on Mr.. McNutt
should Mr.. Roosevelt step out-plac-
ing him in line for Pennsylvania S
big bloc of 70 votes at the national
convention.
Evening star., 1939-11-30
Lengthy Strike Ended,
Chrys|er Workers
Returning 10 Jobs
Operations May Be in
Full Stride by Monday,
Officials Assert
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
DETROIT, Nov. 3o.-The automo-
bile industry's "big three is intact
again.
Tens of thousands Of workers be-
gan returning to jobs this morning
as Chrysler Corp, its long dispute
with the c. I. o. settled, resumed
production and took an active place
beside Ford and General Motors
again as a principal manufacturer
of the worlds motorcarS.
On the 56th day since the wrangle
started to tie up Chrysler's man.
moth producing units, the corpora
ton was being geared for speedy
return to normal output and its
share in this boom year" for the
automakers.
Full Stride BY Monday.
The thousands who came back to
factories today, following ratifica-
ton of the new contract between
Chrysler and the c. I. o. United
Automobile Workers. will be fol-
lowed by more thousands in the
next few days. BY Monday, officials
said, operations may be in full
stride.
The new contract, which grants
wage increases and establishes a
grievance procedure in the govern
ing of production rates, received
formal ratification from the U. A.
VIC. I. o. rank and file last night
Five big Detroit locals voted al
most unanimously leaders said, to
approve the agreement. The men,
bership of the five represents a
heavy majority of all Chrysler locals
and the vote, union men said,
amounted to final approval.
In statement, R. j. Thomas, U.
A. VIC. I. o. president, and Philip
Murray, c. 1. o. vice president, ac-
claimed the contract as "a major
accomplishment of the c. I. O."
1T was unfortunate" they said,
"that the corporations concessions
were not forthcoming two months
ago. The lockout and the strike
might thus have been averted."
$4,000, ,000-a-Year Boost.
K. T. Keller, president of Chrys-
Ter, said the corporation was
pleased to be able to give the wage
increase" He estimated the in
crease, which includes a general pay
boost Of 3 cents an hour, would total
$5,0O0,000 year.
Mr.. Keller said the dispute was
zone of the most battling and un-
justified strikes in the history of
American industry"
"Our employees needlessly have
been deprived of wages and our
dealers of sales" he said. I'VE be-
lieve the settlement should have
been made without the loss of
single days pay or single sale"
Mr.. Keller emphasized that under
the contract the corporation "re-
tains control of operations" which
was one of the major issues.
Grievance machinery provides for
hearings on union complaints.
Evening star., 1939-11-30

children were staying and shot three
times. Mrs. Young, Shirley, a 4
year-old daughter, and Max, 8-year-
old son, died Immediately.
Sheriff Tabb said Young, a farm
er, was found in his home a mile
from the daughters residence, lying
across a bed, a bullet hole in his
head.
Two months ago, Tabb said, Mrs.
Young secured peace warrant
against her husband. He was placed
in iail but later released.
Evening star., 1939-11-30
Too Close for Comfort

HAWK SPRINGS, Wyo., Nov. 80
R.-Wells Harshberger's clothing
became tangled in buzz-saw ma
chinery. He was drawn steadily
closer to the whirling blade. His
head was within inches of the saw.
The blade shipped of the visor Of
his cap.
Then some of the clothing ripped
from his body. wrapped around the
saw shaft and stopped it.
Evening star., 1939-11-30

Macaulay, who left portion Of her
$500, ,423 estate to the Pope for
charitable or religious purposes.
Her estate was inherited from her
first husband. Nicholas F. Brady,
financier. Her second husband,
William J. M. Macaulay, Irish Free
State Minister to the Vatican, re-
ceived 100000 under the terms of
the will.
Evening star., 1939-11-30
a confidential report to Washington.

a confidential report to Washington.
Asked If he believed the Ger
man soldiers and people were solid
ly behind Hitler, Maj. Black replied:
Remember that any people who
60 to war naturally feel that their
cause is just, and that they are
being attacked. The German people
from top to bottom are more afraid
of another Versailles treaty than Of
anything else. They feel that If
they let themselves be beaten that
it will be the end of Germany"
Evening star., 1939-11-30
Pope's Signature Added
oN.Y.Court Collection

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, Nov. 30.-The sigma
ture Of Pope Plus XII in a routine
way has become part Of the historic
collection of the New York Surro-
gates Court.
His signature appeared on waiv-
er of citation in the settlement OF
the estate of Mrs. Genevieve Brady
Evening star., 1939-11-30
U. S. Officer Discounts
Dissension in Germany

b. the Associated Press.
JERSEY CITY, N. j., Nov. 3d.
Maj. Percy Black, retiring acting
military attache to the American
Embassy at Berlin, said yesterday
reports of dissension in Germany
are largely exaggerated"
He arrived aboard the American
Export liner Excalibur and will make
Evening star., 1939-11-30
Mother and Children
Shot to Death
Ry the Associated Press

ES Cne ASSoClateu PreW.
COLQUITT, Ca, Nov. 30.-Sher-
iff w. R. Tabb reported last night
mother and her two children were
shot and killed by an estranged hus-
band who later turned rifle on
himself.
J. w. Young, about 4S, Sheriff
Tabb said, went to the home of an
elder daughter where his wife and
Evening star., 1939-11-30
Mrs. Howard M. Hoqe,
w. u. Official, Dies

LEESBURG. Va, Nov. 80 (R.-
Mrs. Howard M. Hoge, IS, of Lin
coin, Va, honorary president of the
Virginia Women's Christian Tenn
perance Union and for 40 years
president of the organization, died
yesterday at Washington Santa
rum, Takoma Park, Md, where she
had been patient for two weeks.
She was recording secretary of the
national temperance organization
for several years.
Surviving are her husband and a
brother, DR.. j. Russell Smith of
Swarthmore, Pa.
Evening star., 1939-11-30

In the 18th century, in France.
every window was taxed.
Evening star., 1939-11-30

Hard rubber of first class quality
can be drilled, tapped. turned, sawed,
machined and polished.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-11-23
County Gets Set
For Hard Winter
Eleven Snow Plows. 4 Motor
Troctors and 20,l00 Feet Of
Snow Fence Ready

Maintaining highway standards Of
safety during the winter months be-
comes a major problem in the Ohio
department Of highways.
In Columbiana County, Ohio, how
ever, the highway department person.
mel throughout Columbiana County,
and the rest of Division Eleven, is so
carefully set up and trained to meet
sudden and treacherous changes in
the weather that the task Of keeping
the roads open and comparatively
safe for travel has been reduced to a
minimum.
In the seven Counties Of Division
Eleven, total Of 124, 800 feet of
snow fence installation will be 20,100
ter as one means Of preventing drifts
across heavily travelled highways.
In Columbana County the total Of
snow fence instaIlment will be 20, 100
feet. There will be eleven snow
plows, and four motor tractors used
in this County for snow removal dur
ing the winter,
This array Of equipment is not
garaged at central point in Colum-
biana County, but is scattered
throughout the County at the several
highway department sub-stations, so
that it is available upon a minutes
notice, according to +. K. Mccullough,
Deputy director Of highways for di-
vision Eleven.
Deputy Director +. T. Mccullough
today voiced the warning that mo
torists in the winter should exercise
more than ordinary precaution when
driving, because it is oftentimes inn
possible to get all the roads clear Of
ice and snow in time to prevent acci-
dents from sklddIng due to last drly-
ing"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-11-23
PROPAGANDA FLOOD HERE

Since the World War we have be-
come acquainted with the propaganda
applied by the several contending
countries to win our support. They
all maintained subterranean propa
ganda agencies in our country. To-
day we are again being flooded by
propaganda for the same purpose,
propaganda which is intended to blind
our eyes, win our sympathies or arouse
our prejudices SO that some one else
can profit by the sentiments they have
created in our minds.-John P. Frey,
in opening address to A. F. Of l.. Metal
Trades Department convention.
given you an idea of the attitude Of
the British trade union movement III
the present struggle and of its policy
for the realization of world redemp-
tion not only from the horrors of war,
but from those equally grave expert
ences due to the inequalities and in
justices wi1lcl! e-tlst today III national
and international relationships"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-11-23
Why Organized
Continued From Page One)

man of the British Trades Union Con-
gress. He has been honored by his
brothers in Great Britain. He honors
us now by his visit to this convention
l esteem it a privilege and a pleasure
to present to you this morning Fra
ternal Delegate Elvin."
After reviewing various aspects Of
the organized labor movement in
Great Britain, Mr.. Elvin turned to
the European war He said:
81 have referred to the attack upon
democracy by Fascism. These ideal
ogies are the antithesis of one an
other. Force or justice must prevail
in human relationships. There must
either be lawlessness or the rule Of
law, the basic principle of which shall
be each for all and all for each. The
clash between the two was inevitable.
1t has come.
"When war was declared it was con-
sidered by the General Council Of the
British Trades Union Congress S
whether under the circumstances it
was desirable to send its delegation to
your convention.
at was unanimously decided that
if ever an occasion had arisen when
the custom Of sending fraternal dele
gates to the annual parliament of
each great movement should be hon
ored, this was one. 1t was felt that
it was most important that the great
movement, represented by your con-
vention, and as many as possible out
side it should understand clearly, par
ticularIy the attitude Of the trade
union movement in Great Britain to
this great crisis. This is why | am
here.
During my already short stay with
you, | have realized that the decision
of our General Council has been more
than justified.
II have discovered the keen desire