davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wrangell sentinel., 1939-01-13

SECTION Each certified teach
er employed in the public schools of
Alaska shall serve a probationary
term of two years, such probationary
period 10 be reckoned from the
date of his first appointment in that
school IN which the teacher is sery-
ing his probation. During said pro-
stationary term the school board may
dismiss or discharge any probation
airy teacher upon the written recon-
mendation. accompanied by the val
id reasons therefor, OF the superin-
tendent of schools The term teach
err as used in this act shall mean:
Any person holding an Alaskan
school certificate and employed in
any public school system of Alaska
SECTION Amy teacher found
unsatisfactory by the school board
at the expiration of the said proba-
tionary term, shall be notified in
writing by said board that he has
been discharged: provided that in
the absence of such notification,
such probationary teacher shall au-
tomatieally become a permanent
teacher in the employ of the school
board; and provided further, that
all teachers presently in the employ
Of any school board, and who have
served satisfactorily as teachers in
that school for more than two con
secutive years, shall be, and are
hereby declared to be, permanent
teachers in the employ of the school
board of that city
SECTION 3-No permanent teach
er shall be removed from office ex-
The Wrangell sentinel., 1939-01-13

eept upon written and signed
charges of willful neglect OF duty.
or ineompeteney or dishonesty, and
then only if found guilty after
hearing by the school board of That
school in which the teacher is EN-
ployed; which hearing, at the option
of said teacher may be private or
public. Said teacher shall be fur
nished by said school board. at least
fifteen days in advance of the date
of said hearing. with a copy of the
written charges. Said teacher shall
have the right to appear before said
board al said hearing with witnesses
in his behalf, and with counsel of
his selection, all of whom shall be
heard by said board at said meeting.
provided further that it is not The
intent of this act TO impair the
Territorial Tenure Commission pro
yided in Section A.
SECTION 1.-The decision of the
school board may be appealed to
the Territorial Tenure Commission.
This Commission shall be appoint
ed by the Governor and hold office
for four years. Its membership shall
be as follows; one classroom teach
er, one member of an elected school
board. one lay member who is Meth
err school board member nor teacher.
The Territorial Commissioner of
Education, and the Attorney-Gen
eral shall be ex-offieio members.
The Commissions decision shall be
final.
SECTION This act shall be in
effect upon the signature of the
Governor.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1939-01-13
HOTEL ARRIVALS

The following persons have regis
tered at the Wrangell Hotel during
the past week:
Lloyd Peterson, Aril Mathison,
Harlod Lee, Tom Thompson, Runge
Stenslid, Thomas Manling, Billy
Johnson, Kenneth Oyama, Vernon
Israelson, Bob Elkins, Barney John
son, Palmer Peterson, Lester L.
Wingard, Petersburg; Ed Lynch;
Mrs. S. c. Thomas; Chas. Steele,
Ketchikan; Tom Michaelson; VIM
Mills, John Mills, Petersburg; Ben
Bellamy; Marie Sumner; Evelyn
Bratin, Cody, Wyoming; Carl Vev-
elstad, Petersburg; H. Amundsen,
Fanshaw: Left Leding, Roy Myk-
ing, Jack Goddard, Lawrence Cantil,
Lars Farstad, John Ellis, Farryle
Waters, Kenneth Morgan, Tommy
Llanos, Michael Hagiwara, Clarence
Henning.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1939-01-13
A. N. B. HALL THREATENED
BY FIRE FROM CIGARETTES

A fire, which might have swept
the town, was aYerted. when Chef
Lloyd, night marshal, discovered a
blaze in the left hand corner OF the
dance hall on the entrance wall at
$3.50 Sunday morning, following
the New Years Eve dance.
Members OF the a. n. B. before
closing the hall shortly after the
dance stopped at 2 o'clock looked
over the premises on both floors aud
everything seemed to be all right.
The marshal, who has key to The
hall, went in to get some oYercoats
which dancers had left there and
discovered the blaze, which he ex-
tinguished. 1t is believed a cigarette
tossed in the corner was responsible
tor the fire.
Despite a courteously Worded ap-
peal TO the public by the a. y. B..
through the president, Frank Des-
mond, many dancers consistently ig-
nored the request not to throw Gig
arettes on the dance floor which had
just been refinished at much labor
and expense.
Members OF the house committee
kept an alert watch to curb damage
from cigarettes but apparently were
not altogether successful.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1939-01-13
The Proposed Tenure. Act
IN THE LEGISLATURE OF THE TERRITORY OF ALASKA
FOURTEENTH SESSION

p Of
teachers the public schools Alaska. declaring
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGIs LATURE OF THE TERRITORY
The Wrangell sentinel., 1939-01-13
HOSPITAL NOTES

Bill Balikis entered the hospital
Thursday as a surgical patient.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1939-01-13
UNITED STATES
OF THE INTERIOR
GENERAL LAND OFFICE
DISTRICT LAND OFFICE


Anchorage, Alaska,
January 5, 1889.
Final proof testimony on Eastern
Addition to Wrangell Townsite, En-
try 09481, embracing lands includ-
ed in L. S. Survey No. 2O96, has
been submitted by Orville E. Shir-
ley, Trustee, of Anchorage, Alaska,
and his witnesses, James Leroy Do
Ian and Chas. Benjamin, residing at
Wrangell, Alaska, and is now in the
files of the district land office at
Anchorage, and if no protest is
filed in the district land office at
Anchorage during the period of
publication or thirty days thereaf-
ter, said final proof will be accepted
and final certificate issued.
GEORGE A. LINGO, Register.
First Publication, Jan. 13, 1889.
Last Publication, Feb. 10, 1899.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1939-01-13
CARL L0MEN WATCHES
GOVERNMENT NOV
MOVES
WASHINGTON. Dc
Carl o

WASHINGTON. D. c. - Carl Lo-
men. following closely the govern
ment's attempt to legislate him out
OF the reindeer business, said today
he isn't worried over the prospect of
losing the business.
Congress has authorized $1,000
600 for the purchase of all reindeer
herds to turn them over to the ma
tiyes The new congress is expected
to be asked to carry out the pro-
gram. Lomen said he believes he
and his brothers own about 250,O09
reindeer We can't count them any
more. That's Just estimated he
said.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1939-01-13
BOYS PRACTISE
LESSONS REFORM SCHOOL
Continued From rage Onel

Continued From rage Onel
turned the lights out we knew he
would not come out again the OF
ficials said Ghartrand told them.
On several occasions we used his
car. driving around much of the
night and returning it to the park
ing place where the owner could
find it and not suspect it had been
used. -
Chartrand volunteered the infor-
nation they had taken the Dunkie
ear twice. The first time they re
turned it to his house, leaving it.
as they had found it. The second
time, the car was left near the rail
road depot with the gears stripped.
Attempted HOldup
The night OF the attempted hold
up at the Anchorage Grill, Char
trand said they had the car from
the Crib Apartments and parked it
in front of the Anchorage Hotel.
They planned to do the job, run
down to Bayles store, turn left and
dash back to the hotel along the
alley where they could get in the
automobile and make a getaway.
However, when two people en-
tered the Grill and one gave chase,
the boys had to abandon their
plans. They ran to d street, turned
south and stopped in the doorway of
the Pioneer Sheet Metal Works to|
see if they We're being pursued.
Chartrand said he returned to the
hotel an hour later and drove the
automobile back to the Cribb Apart
ments where he left it just as it
had been found.
Asked why he took the chance Of
returning to the downtown section
SO soon after the attempted holdup,
Chartrand said he wanted the ma
chine put back at the Crib Apart
ments because we might want to
use it again and if the owner got
suspicious he wouldn't leave the
keys in it any more"
Carried Loaded Revolvers
When they staged the Grill cpl
sode, both boys carried loaded re-
yolYers, they told police. They said
Kraft admitted firing the shot that
wounded the waitress, Frances Fish
er.
When arrested by District Attor-
ney Kehoe and Chief Huttle, both
boys were armed, they said. Two OF
the reyolyers in their small arsenal
were also found to be loaded.
Officials said Chartrand shows a
keen mind and is very alert. They
said he is intelligent and undoubt-
edly would be a fine citizen were
his energies directed over the right
course.
Officials noticed that Chartrand' s.
black hair is turning brown and
upon questioning him learned that
he purchased hair dye at a drug
store last Tuesday, after the Grill
episode, and planned to change his
appearance.
Reform School Training
. Police expressed the belief that the
reform school training and the slim
illus from reading detective stories
probably spurred him on to stage
the crime wave.
Chartrand's father, who returned
home the day of the arrest from a
trip into the wilderness, said his
boy served a total of 16 months in
reformatories after he was convict
ed on two charges. One involved the,
shooting of a dog after an argu-
ment with neighbors, and the other
theft of automobiles and breaking
into store.
Both boys were bound over to
await the action of the grand jury.
Unable to furnish $1,000 bail, they
are in the federal jail at Anchorage.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1939-01-13

FOR SALE-Big bundle old papers
ten cents at Sentinel
The Wrangell sentinel., 1939-01-13
TENURE BILL WOULD PROVIDE
LIFE JOBS ALASKA TEACHERS

Continued From Page One)
permanent they cannot be removed
without formal charges and hearings
in which they are found guilty on
one OF the three grounds set forth
neglect Of duty, incompeteney or
dishonesty.
Right To Discharge
Possibility was seen that the Act
might go so far as to strip school
boards even of the right to dis
charge teachers during their pro-
stationary period. The law as pro-
posed says that such discharges shall
be made upon written recommend
alton, accompanied by valid reasons
therefore, OF the superintendent of
schools"
Irwin Metcalf, teacher in the Pal
mer public school, is active in pro-
noting the proposed tenure act. Mr..
Metcalf has been in charge of the
mailing of copies of the act to
teachers of the territory.
According to Mr.. Metealf, the
minimum wage law is of great I'M
portance to the territory because so
many teachers are now underpaid
Minimum Wage
The proposed minimum wage law
would establish the following bot
tom wages in the various parts of
Alaska:
First division: $1,000.
Third division, except schools on
the peninsula and Bristol Bay points
$1,000.
Second and Fourth divisions, and
in schools on the Alaska Peninsula
and Bristol Bay points: $2,280.
Teeth are put into the law by in
sertion of clause providing for the
Withholding of territorial funds
from all schools failing to meet the
minimum wage requirements.
This law would become effective
after July l, 1899.
The proposed retirement system
would create a Teachers Retirement
Board consisting of the Commission
er of Education, the Territorial
Treasurer and the Territorial Aud
itor.
Every certified teacher upon
reaching the age of 55 years who
had taught school twenty years,
fifteen of which had been in the
public schools of the Territory,
would be eligible for a pension. To
receive the pension the teacher must
retire from teaching service. After
the age of 55 years a teacher may
be retired or kept in service at the
dicretion of the employing school
board Retirement is compulsory at
the age of so.
The cost of the Retirement Sys-
TEN, it is proposed, shall be met
jointly by the teachers and the Ter
ritorial Treasury, the teachers to
pay 4 percent of their salaries into
the fund and upon retirement, may
receive the pension in lump sum
or as an annuity, if so desired.
The act shall become effective up
on its passage and approval.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1939-01-13
SEWARD COUNCIL PROHIBITS
EMPLOYMENT OF BAR MAIDS

SEWARD - Barmaids in Seward
are out. Such was the result of ac-
ton taken at the meeting of the
City Council last week when the
council voted favorably a resolution
that prohibits the employment of
women behind local bars. There are
none SO employed at present, it de-
yeloped in discussion.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1939-01-13

AL Cramer, who suffered heart
attack Sunday, was dismissed yes
terday to his room at the Wrangell
Hotel.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1939-01-13

Other patients at the hospital to-
day are James Harvie, Frank Gadd,
Jim .Barthold, Scotty Martin, Pete
Pospeth and Mack Mochinga.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1939-01-13

Continued From Page One
The Wrangell sentinel., 1939-01-13

Mrs. Fl. H. Hungerford has been
a patient at the hospital since Mon
day.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1939-01-13
lCT EXTENDS PRIVILEGES

subscribe to the Sentinel
The Hagerstown globe. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1936-1943, 1939-04-21


Church New Yok-his first Manhattan engagement
The Hagerstown globe. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1936-1943, 1939-04-21

Jnpoied Youth has voted the favorta
Of Yorks school children. piled $4,000
you have pet peere2 Most of do and that's my that
The Hagerstown globe. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1936-1943, 1939-04-21
URGES FARMERS TO
ACT On farm PLAN
Farm Agent Moore Says
Necessary To Fill Out
Forms At Once

AS. planting time is now at hand,
farmers who desire to participate
in the 1899 Agricultural C0nserva-
ton Program are urged to fill out
q Farm Plan" form at once. ac-
cording to M. D. Moore, county
agent for Washington County.
The County Agent points out
that all farmers in Washington
County are being given every op-
Dortunity to acquaint themselves
with the possibilities Of the 1889
Conservation Program. Every far
mer who intends to participate in
the program and who expects to
receive payments should fill out a
farm plan with the aid of a COM
witt9eman as soon as possible.
Failure to fill out such plan will
be construed as a lack of desire
10 participate in the program.
Now that soil-depleting allot-
ments, soil building goals and
The Hagerstown globe. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1936-1943, 1939-04-21
WHEAT ADJUSTMENT
CHECKS GOING OUT
Payment Being Made To
Farmers in Adjustment
For Year 1899

Checks for the price adjustment
payment on wheat are now being
received by farmers who parties;
Dated in the 1889 Wheat Price Adj
justment Program, according to C.
Z. Keller, State executive officer
At the present time approx
mately 113 checks, amounting to
$2,187.87 have been received by
farmers in the State. Of a total
Of 1000 applications to be filed
in Maryland, 1900 have been sent
to the Washington Headquarters
Of the AAA for payment.
Mr.. Keller points out that Mary
land farmers who seeded wheat in
excess of their wheat allotment
The Hagerstown globe. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1936-1943, 1939-04-21

maximum payment amounts have
been worked out for each indiyid-
ual farm there is greater oppor-
tunitv than ever for farmers to
obtain complete information before
planting time and thereby receive
maximum benefits from the pro-
gram.
The plan is a sheet showing the
allotments, soil building goal and
maximum payment ana upon
which payment may be received
under the provisions OF the pro-
gram. One copy Of the plan is
kept by the farmer and another
copy, signed by him and the coun-
ty office representative, is filed in
the county.
The Hagerstown globe. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1936-1943, 1939-04-21

add another chapter his his
bOatas so0na the tUeqther
The Hagerstown globe. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1936-1943, 1939-04-21

ave until May Is TO dispose of
-aeir excess wheat acreage i'll or
iar to comply with requirements
cor their wheat price adjustment
payment
Excess wheat acreage may be
disposed of through cultivation or
by clipping, if the wheat is being
used as a nurse crop for legumes
Or grasses it is stated The acre
age may be grazed before cultiya-
lion Or clipping but the method of
disposal must be such IS to- leave
no wheat available which may ma
ture as grain or be harvested for
hay.
The Hagerstown globe. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1936-1943, 1939-04-21
RADIO
W-J-E-J-PROGRAM


7:55 News.
S:9O The Jingle Man.
sos Wake Up and Sing.
$50 Morning Devotions.
500 Housekeepers Chat.
q:15 Modern Melodies
$3.50 Waltz Time.
g:45 Classical Music
1000 Special.
1o.15 Melodies Of Yesterday
1880 At the Console.
1900 civic News OF the Air.
t1.15 shoppers Guide.
1890 Martinsburg
TOO Luncheon Melodies.
72.15 Checkerb, ard Time
1890 Chambersburg
1855 News
100 Melody Matinee
1.15 Farm Flashes.
1870 Jerry Young
las Modern Interludes
2:15 Varieties
2:45 Dick Burke
900 Sunshine Lady
3:15 Vocal Varieties
3.90 Faviug Tea With Bea-
400 Major Glascoe and King
Calvin
ais Buyers Preview
4:3O Curly and His Ranch Boys
4:55 News
500 Hawaiian Melodies
o:15 Supper Chat
5:45 Sports
5.55 News
500 Melody Quiz.
CHS Evening Melodies
Monday Tuesday and Wed
- nesdays. Little Miss Man
beck
$40 Make Believe Ballroom
6:45 Evening Melodies
6.55 News
ZOO Music Mart
.7.15 Wavnesboro Band Wagon
7.30 Postal Oddities
7:45 Organ Reveries
8:15 Hal Kemp
$50 American Legion
8.45 Boonsboro CCC.
600 Bible Study
9:30 Dance Hour
1000 News
SUNDAY
$40 Pentacostal Church
1000 Request Melodies
1880 Hymns
u1:00 Church Services
1900 Souvenirs
1915 Classical Music Of the
Masters
1915 News
100 At the Console.
t.9O Sons of the Pioneers
1:45 Melodies
200 Church by the Side Of the
Road.
2:3O Lone Ranger
400 Revival Echoes
$50 Occidental Duo
400 Father Coughlin
500 Poets Corner
sac Home Makers
5:45 Sports
600 Concert Quartet
$40 Musical Moments
6:45 News.
TOO Concert Duo
TAO Church services.
$40 Organ Reveries
900 News
e.15 So Many Memories.
$40 Sketch Book Players
1900 Sign Off
Tuesday, Thursday Saturday TO
lip. M. Sunday to 10 P. ID.
MARYLAND'S WHEAT CROP
Present prospects indicate a
The Hagerstown globe. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1936-1943, 1939-04-21

Orch Leader Ray Noble is considering insur-
nce-Qga;nst losing that English accent.
The Hagerstown globe. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1936-1943, 1939-04-21
LISTEN TO THIS
By TOM FIZDALE

But few singers who have catapulted to
the top nOtches of the entertainment ladder
have kept the fresh, naivete that marks
Kenny Baker, tenor starch the Wednesday
Star Theatre. Still in his early twenties,
Baker is the singing star of two tOp-hight
network shows and is popular both here and
abroad. But if you were to meet him casually
you'd never know it. He is the quintessence
Of unspOi!ed youth.
The Hagerstown globe. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1936-1943, 1939-04-21

10 you h1US pei peeCe. hOSI " US ~
Crouch Club show aired Sunday nights lNBC
east and mid-tUest Obs, t0eStcOdst) is so popular
1t dramatizes the best crouch Of the week.
Charlie Chaplin isn't the only comedian
who yearns for Shakespearean roles. Radio
Star Phil Baker has a hankering to walk the
boards in the thirty-scven minute stream-lined
Shakespeare that is being put on at Merrie
England by the Globe Theatre this summer at
the New York Worlds Fair.
Real-lfe romance on that Big Sister
daily Eighteen year old Ted Reid and sweet
sixteen Pat Ryan, holding hands.
Orch Leader Ray Noble is considering inSur-
Gnce-QgQ;nst losing that English accent.
DR.. Charles E. Fuller, pastor of the Old
Fashioned Revival Hour on Mutual, starts his
annual cross-c ountry speaking tour May l.
A high-lght Of the trip will be his appear;
The Hagerstown globe. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1936-1943, 1939-04-21

Responding to a knock at the
door William T. Doyle, 50, of
Louisville, thought he saw a ghost
when he admitted his brother,
Robert Doyle, 81 The brothers
had not met for 80 years.
The Hagerstown globe. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1936-1943, 1939-04-21

Don't say Spring to Les Yremayne. The
Betty and Bob and First Nighter star broke
the front springs on his rounding a corner
last week and had to turn it in on a new one.
Dick Powell is supervising the decora-
ton Of his new Hollywood home-With wife
Joan BIondel supervising his supervising via
phone from the picture studios.
Bob Crosby is one person who has proved
that having famous older brother is not an
insurmomtable handicap, even i'm the same
field. Bob, in his mid-twenties, finds himself
almost as famous as Brother Bing, with his
band ranked as one of the most popular of
the day and the subject of a leading story In
one of the major magazines i'm May.
Bob Trout is back in NetO York after weeks
The Hagerstown globe. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1936-1943, 1939-04-21
MARYLAND'S WHEAT CROP

Present prospects indicate a
MARYLAND winter wheat crop IN
1899 of $4,000 bushels accord
ing to the latest survey of the
Maryland Crop Reporting Service.
Last year the States wheat crop
:. was 9.4aO,O0O bushels.i The ten
Aar average production for the
years 1928 to 1897 was S,419, 900
The Hagerstown globe. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1936-1943, 1939-04-21

Patients in Moscow who want
gold filings in their teeth have to
take their own gold to the dentist.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1939-08-30
SITUATION IN EUROPE
WORRYING FARMERS

Wilson, Aug 3O.--That the pres
ent crisis in European affairs is
worrying the tobacco farmers of
eastern Carolina was revealed to-
day in a letter sent out by the
North Carolina Farm bureau to
farm leaders in this section con-
cerning the meeting of farmers
from 13 tobacco growing counties
to be held here on Thursday after
noon at 2 o'clock in the county
courthouse.
Meeting to discuss possible crop
control in 1910 and the right time
to hold the referendum this fall,
the farmers, most likely, will also
discuss present prices on the east
ern tobacco markets.
The letter set forth that the bu-
reau hoped the situation in Europe
would be settled by Thursday SO
that the farmers might be able to
talk about tobacco control and
prices in some sensible way.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1939-08-30

Ringgold, Baltimore and Joe Kuch-
inski, Boston, Mass, Fred Welch,
Greensboro, lettermen; and sopho-
mores Joe Duncavage, Tamaqua, Pa,
j. V. Pruitt, Wilson, Jim (Flash)
Dowdy, Richmond, Va, Pete Hor-
chalk, Jamestown, Pa, and John Po-
lanski, Buffalo, N. Y.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1939-08-30

it seems wise to institute some of
the precautions appropriate to the
neutral status of the United States
and to eliminate the possibility that
anybody in this period Of excite
ment might commit some rash or
foolish act which could intlict dam
age
The precautions, he said, would
continue cas- long as the interna-
tional situation endures."
1t was understood that guards at
the canal locks would be reinforced,
although there was no official con-
fi1mation, General Ridley's state
ment did not say how many guards
would board ships entering the
canal but authoritative sources said
the number would vary according
to the size of each vessel.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1939-08-30
Lost Colony
Ends Monday

Manteo, Aug 30.-Without a sim
gle performance rained out this
summer, the third season of Paul
Green's historical drama, "The Lost
Colony, which has been seen by
more than quarter million persons
since it was first produced at the
Waterside Theatre here, closes next
week with a holiday performance
on labor Day.
BY the time it closes, 100000
persons from I'LL parts Of the cOun-
try will have witnessed this epic
drama during the present season.
The Roanoke Island Historical As
sOciation, which sponsors "The Lost
Colony" as q nOn-cOmmercial Ven-
ture, was more than pleased with
the record attendance of this sum-
ner
In spite of the excess rainfall of
the season in this part Of the .coun-
try, not single performance has
been cancelled because of rain.
What is considered the miracle Of
Manteo is that only two perform
ances have been rained out during
the complete run of "The Lost Col
0ny Iney were DOln Ill 1881.
Critics have declared the 1889
production of "The Lost Colony"
to be the most ml gnificent since it
was first presented. This reason was
fortunate in attracting such critics
as John Helby, Associated Press arts
editor; Louis Kronenberger, STama-
TIC critic of Time; Photographers
George Karger Of Life, and Hugo
Johnson of Paramount News, and
Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt
Henderson daily dispatch., 1939-08-30
'I2e8SNlfs
PIEDMONT LEAGUE

PIEDMONT LEAGUE
Rocky Mount 5, Winston-Salem
Charlotte 9, Norfolk 8.
Richmond 6-3, Asheville 40.
No other games played.
AMERICAN LEAGUE
Detroit 7, New York 6.
Boston 7, Cleveland A.
NATIONAL LEAGUE
Boston 2, st. Louis |.
Only games played.
The world, according to 4 Gcien
list, is 15,OOO,OOO,OoO years old. S.
that accounts Cor all the fireWork
in Europe-the boys are lust cele
0rating old Mother Earth's birth
law