davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-09-19

lieve that by careful handling OF
the Russians they may become a
useful tool in the hands OF the
democratic government if and
when the German defenses in the
west begin to crack. This may be
wishful thinking on the part OF the
allied diplomats, who heretofore
have done a lot of such thinking
and have been proved utterly
wrong But considering the men
tality of the Russians they may be
right this time.
Fair Weather Ally
Beyond doubt the Russian forces
will camp in the east and will not
participate in any action in the
west. AS long as the German
Armies are victorious the Russians
will shout Hell Hitler But if
something ever goes wrong with
those armies and the allies show
that they can do more than they
have done so far, it is likely that
the Soviet government may fire the
executioner's shot at Hitler just as
they have done to the Poles. These
considerations have determined the
British government merely to de
plore' the action of the Soviet gov
eminent on the eastern front with
out making a casus belli out of it.
NdpOleOn's Fate Remembered
Rightly or wrongly Britain seems
disposed to treat the present war
in the same manner it treated the
Napoleonic wars. At that time 1t
appeared that Britain was fighting
a hopeless battle: that nothing in
the world could possibly down the
French military genius. Every con-
tinental nation had to surrender.
Britain went on fighting. Napoleon
had the world at his mercy; yet he
was defeated finally.
1t is true that modern warfare
is much different from the type of
war which nations fought 125 years
ago. Airplanes, submarines and
mechanical forces have changed
the aspect of wars. Economic and
social conditions are also totally
different. But, the British say, there
is no poison without an antidote
and in the entire history of the
world there has never been a case
when a man could build an empire
by force alone. He did it temporari-
ly, then went down with bang. The
British believe history repeats it
itself and eventually Hitler will share
the fate of all other conquerors. This
is the fundamental reason why the
British government wants to carry
on this fight to the bitter end.
Evening star., 1939-09-19
Nazis' Morale in Wesl
Boosted by Arrival
OF Guns and Planes
French, However, Feel
They Can Cling to
Weeks Guins
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated PFesS.
BASEL, Switzerland, Sept. l9.-
The morale of Germany's West Wall
defenders, as well as their actual
fighting strength, was reported to-
day to have been boosted by the ar
rival of captured Polish guns and
other equipment and the ALLEGATION
of several thousand Warplanes no
longer needed on the eastern front,
The German manpoWer already
had been increased greatly by a
shift of army divisions from the
east. Along the Rhine, Saar and
Moselle River Valleys the German
watchword became:
I'VE have finished our part in the
Polish campaign; now we will hold
the Siegfried Line against the
French"
The French felt, however, they
had demonstrated their ability to
cling to their gains despite the re-
peated counter-attacks and "over-
the-top' direct assaults of the last
week.
Breaking down their attack into
system of infltration, spearheaded
by small units, the French had ad-
vanced their battle line steadily
through pillboX-guarded advance
posts to a line roughly parallel to
the Siegfried defenses.
typical of the French forward
movement has been the penetra-
ton along the Blies Creek front,
between the rich industrial center
of Saarbruecken-still objective No.
l of the drive-and ZWiebruecken,
l6 miles farther east There the
boundary runs east and west, and
the French attack is from the south.
Evening star., 1939-09-19
Federal Agents Probe
Charge u. 5. Liner
Carried Arms
Strike Holds Up Seven
Ships Taking Americans
Out Of Europe
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, Sept. ia striging
seaman's testimony led Federal au-
thorities today to investigate wheth-
er the United States liner American
Trader carried arms for foreign ship
ment in its cargo in violation OF the
Neutrality Act.
The American Trader and six
other vessels engaged in returning
American citizens from Europe have
been held at their piers here by a
strike of sailors demanding $3.50
bonuses and $25 900 War-risk insur-
ance
John Masek, one of 81 American
Trader crew members being tried by
the Bureau of Marine Inspection
and Navigation for refusing to obey
their skipper's orders to sail last
Friday, testified yesterday he saw
being loaded onto the, vessel.
Masek told Karl Nielsen, trial
board chairman, the ammunition"
was in small boxes carried to the
pier in a truck bearing the legend,
Winchester Arms"
I've seen ammunition on this
boat before, and know what it looks
like" he added.
Inquiry Ordered.
Ordering an investigation, MIR.
Nielsen said he would turn the case
over to the Federal Bureau of In
vestigation, if Masek's testimony
! were substantiated
Capt. Harold Milde, master of the
American Trader, said he had not
inspected the cargo personally, but
believed nothing illegal was aboard.
since otherwise the ship could not
| clear customs.
The United States Government
piled with its orders" he observed.
Anxious to end the ship tieup here,
| the Maritime Labor Board in Wash
ington told representatives of the
National Maritime Union &C. l. o.
and the ship owners to go into
conference and stay there until the
dispute over extra payment for sail
ing in war zones is settled.
Senator Reynolds Returns.
Nearly 1000 passengers, mostly
Americans, arrived from Europe yes
terday on the United States liner
Washington and the American Ship
per.
Aboard the Washington were Rob-
ert Montgomery, film star. and his
wife; Mrs. Joseph P. Kennedy, wife
of the United States Ambassador to
Great Britain; Republican National
Chairman John D. NJ Hamilton,
Fritz Kreisler, the violinist; Thomas
Mann eXiled German writer, and
United States Senator Robert R.
Reynolds, Democrat, of North Caro-
lima.
Senator Reynolds, in a prepared
statement. urged the United States
to arm so strongly no nation will
seek quarrel with U.s."
Among 146 passengers on the
American Shipper were 80 crew
members of the torpedoed British
freighter Blair Logic, picked up in
lifeboats 200 miles off the Irish
coast last week.
Evening star., 1939-09-19

Don't gamble your life to win q
minute.
Evening star., 1939-09-19
wifi Attacks Dspate Stories Of Nazi Army Deficiencies

lost support in the last two weeks
because Of the possibility that war
goods might be shipped from this
country to Germany by way of Rus
sia or Japan.
The administration plan would
allow warning nations to buy sup
plies here If they paid cash and
transported them in their own ships.
1t has been believed generally that
British naval power would prevent
Germany's obtaining American sup
plies under such conditions.
Senator Borah expressed the opin-
ion that England and France had
been pulling their punches" on the
western front.
There is something phoney about
this war;" he said. 1t would have
been expected, he added, that Bri-
tain and France would make their
big attack while Germany and Rus
STA were engaged in the east"
Sees Peace Chances Aided.
Senator Borah said he believed the
Russian action in Poland increased
the chances for peace, but not right
away" He thought this might come
about through British and French
acceptance of German peace pro-
posals after the former had con-
cluded they had discharged their
obligation to Poland"
On the problem of stabilizing
the British pound in the New York
market, Secretary of the Treasury
Morgenthau reminded reporters yes
terday of the upsetting effects on
American mport-export trade if
foreign currencies are in a state of
constant fuctuation.
He said no Treasury money has
been put into efforts thus far to
maintain the price of the pound
quoted recently as low as $3.75 by
contrast with the S402 rate set by
the Bank of England and the inter-
national parity price of s486. He
said he had "a pretty good idea"
that the central banks of some Eu-
ropean countries have been among
the heavy sellers, but stopped short
Evening star., 1939-09-19
Strategy Is Termed
Superior TO That
In World War
British Military Leaders
Convinced Mechonized
Arm Has Speed
Ry the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press
LONDON, Sept. 19.-Military men
in London today drew from the
first two weeks of the Polish cam
paign some of the initial lessons
of the 1889 war as Polish resistance
cr1imbled before German and Soviet
Russian armies.
They said they included:
l. The mechanical arm OF the
German army proved itself capable
of swift, sure advances, The legend,
carefully cultivated after the Aus
trian invasion. of its structural de-
flciencies has been dissipated. The
speed with which its forces took
military objectiveS was staggering
in comparison with similar attacks
in Spain's civil war.
2. Afforded every opportunity by
the rolling, dry terrain OF Polano'
the mechanical forces neVertheless
had to be followed by cavalry and
infantry, the former arm was eSpe-
cially useful in moving speedlIy 10
positions already Stormed by tanks
and armored cars.
3. 1t was established that aerlal
bombardment is most effective
weapon against the preparation OF
counter-attackS in open country
and that the air strength OF war
ring powers must be somewhere
near equal if the war is to be fought
on anything like even terms.
General Staff Flexible.
They said that to these points
must be added three observations
on a broader scale.
First, that the German general
staff appears more flexible and
adaptable in strategy than in 1914,
Second. that the sweep through
Poland might have been accom-
plished in a week had the Poles
not exhibited desperate bravery
throughout
Thirdly. that the downfall of the
Polish Armies was accomplished as
much through the superlor-otten
uncanny-Work of the German intel
llgence service as through any other
agency.
Speaking of the mechanical arm
one neutral officer who fought
through the World War said:
Il was skeptical of its efficiency
until the last two weeks. But its
performances, attested by neutrals
have been prodigious. 1t performs
today many functions of cavalry in
the 18th century. but it moves faster
than any cavalry, even your Jeb
Stuarts, ever moved.
"Of InestimabI BILE Value"
"If the Maginot Line is ever
broken the same officer continued
this mechanical arm will be of in
estimable value even in the rougher
terrain of the western front. 1t may
be early to make the prediction, but
I believe that in mechanical col
umns, such as the German, the
World War advantage OF the defense
over the offense in casualties has
been adjusted"
Although the advancing Germans
used cavalry to follow tanks and
armored cars into new positions in
Poland, observers pointed out this
was made possible by the character
Of the country.
"In the rugged terrain of Western
Europe these same cavalry divisions
would be slowed down to the pace
of infantry said one, but cavalry
always will be useful over such
ground"
Evening star., 1939-09-19
Boykin, Rushing
To Special Session,
Fined as Speeder
Ey the Associated Press.

Ey the Associated Press.
MISSOULA, Mont, Sept. 19.-
Representative Frank w Boykin,
Democrat, of Alabama, hurrying
home by automobile from
Alaska, was brought before a
justice of the peace yesterday
to explain why he was travelling
in excess of the speed limit
while approaching Missoula.
He explained he had received
President Roosevelt's summons
to a special session of Congress
September 81. The justice, how
ever, advised him to observe the
traffic laws anyway and imposed
a SIS fine.
Mr.. Boykin paid and con-
tinued his journey.
Evening star., 1939-09-19
British Army
Continued From First Page)

a member of a battalion, if he hap
pened to be assigned to the infan-
try. The American system differed
only in minor details from the Brit
ism In this battalion there were
eight companies, each with a cap
tain and varied assortment OF
heutenantS. There Were-BritiSh
figures ,008 men under command
Of colonel. They were arranged
In squads and platoons. They went
marching down the road in unbro-
ken columns of fours, the colonel
and the colors at the head Every
man carried a rifle, for which he
was individually responsible.
Victims of Science.
In the course Of the war two or
more battalion machine guns were
admitted Veteran colonels and SER
geants were the grudging victims OF
science. They regarded the inno-
vation as another Hun atrocity.
Today, quoting from Col. j. K.
Dunlop, late adjutant general of the
Territorial Army. the recruit would
find himself marching in threes,
three sections to a platoon, three
platoons TO the company. He would
be in a world Of threeS. No longer
would the emphasis be alone on the
rifle and bayonet. Each battalion
would have in its organization light
machine guns, anti-tank rifles, two
inch mortarS and three-inch NOR
tars. While the strength of the bat
talon has been greatly reduced,
he would find headquarters unit
remember the foul names that used
to be applied to fellows lucky enough
to punch typeWriters, ETC., in head
quarterS?-"S swollen until it reached
almost one-third the strength of the
battalion, including such lnnova-
tions as a carrier platoon, pioneer
platoon, and large signal section.
He would find that the machine gun
had left the ordinary rifle battalion
and that special machine-gun bat
talionS had been formed. He would
find that, within the divisional Or
ganization, there were such units as
anti-tank regiments, royal artillery
and batteries of anti-aircraft guns.
Much of Technique Gone.
'If he were field gunner he
would find that the traditional bat
terry had completely disappeared
and that with the disappearance has
gone much of the technique of old
time gunnery. n place of the bri-
gade, there is now the field regiment
of "a guns, divided into two bat
teries, and each battery into three
new-style four gun troops. He
would, no doubt. be astonished tc
find new generation that had never
driven picketing peg or groomed a
horse. However much his sentiment
might make him regret the disap-
pearance of the Well-turned-out
team and the jingle of harness, he
would be the first to admit the
greater facilities for training given
by the adoption of mechanical trans
port and the obvious advantages
which motors give"
Evening star., 1939-09-19
Policemen Ask Chance

PADUCAH, KY. Pl.-A group of
Paducah's night policemen, saying
they had not seen their families
after dark for years." petitioned
the board of police commissioners
to shift officers from night to day
duty every 80 days. The board
took the plea under advisement.
Evening star., 1939-09-19
One Victim of Quake

LOS ANGELES, Sept. l9 P-
The only casualty of light earth
quake which Jared Southwest Los
Angeles and Inglewood yesterday
was Homer Hawes, 25. He yelled,
dislocating his jaw.
Evening star., 1939-09-19

of accusing them Of malicious"
speculation.
The Federal Reserve Bank in
New York has been asked for infor-
nation on the currency transactions,
Secretary Morgenthau said.
Evening star., 1939-09-19
This Changing World
England and France Expected to Reject
Terms That End PoIond's Sovereignty
By CONSTANTINE BROWN.

Poland is down but not out. This
is the tenor of all dispatches re-
ceived from Europe in the last 48
hours.
Whatever weakening of the heart
may occur among some French and
the British leaders, it seems a fore
gone conclusion that both countries
will see this fight to an end, how
ever much the odds are against
them at this time.
The most influential man in the
British cabinet now is dynamic
Winston Churchill, who more than
any other British politician has the
full confidence of the people. He is
one of those men who are trouble
makers in ordinary times, but essen
tial in crisis.
Unless our representatives and OBJ
servers abroad are completely deaf
and blind, it appears from their re-
ports that the chances of Britain
and France accepting any peace
terms in which the real sovereignty
of Poland is not restored will be
turned down cold by the allied gov
ernmentS. The Poles have been di-
vided three times before, yet they
have maintained their nationality
intact. They are out of the run
ming at the present time-just as the
Belgians were in 1914, the Serbs in
1915 and the Rumanians in 1918.
Some $4,000 who are in France at
present will be incorporated in the
French army as a Polish army corps
and will continue to fight for their
country from there. But unless
Britain and France are completely
doWned they all believe that Poland
will be revived as an independent
state at the end of the war.
British Won't Repeat Error
The British and the French are
not likely to declare war on Russia
despite the Soviet's unwarranted
aggression against the Poles. The
reason is that the U. S. S. R. can
not be reached by any of the allied
forces. The British are not going
to commit the famous Churchill
error of 1915 when British forces
were sent to the Dardanelles to
rush the straits and force Turkey
to her knees. The idea of sending
an eXpeditionary force against the
Soviets to the Black Sea has been
in the minds of some amateur
strategists in London. but has never
been given any real consideration
by the general staff. The war, they
said, must be fought in the west
and the decision will be reached
there.
Betrayal Expected
But the real reason that the Brit
iSh government is so mild about
the Russian aggression is that il
expects Stain to betray the Ger.
mans after a while. The British
and French believe there is not ar
ounce of honesty and morality il
the Russian government. They
assisted the Germans at the presen
time to finish off Poland, but many
things may happen if the war il
protracted. London and Paris be-
Imperial Valley press., 1939-09-29
UNDERSTANDING
TWO SIDES
Nevada State Journal)

NNeNdud oldlG MAJ
The thing most apparent in connec-
tion with the immediate issue before con-
gress is the confusion of understanding
and appreciation of the arguments adj
vanced
1t has remained fer the noted Will
liam Allen White to put into most SIM
pie language, Just what is involved.
Referring to his own congressman who
is lining up to prevent the sale of arms
and munitions to either side, Mr.. White
writes:
There are two sides to this question
which are honestly held by intelligent
people.
lone side contends that to sell arms
to the belligerents will cause great
business boom and that it will eventual
ly lead us into the war even if the arms
are sold on a cash and carry basis. We
cannot become the worlds arsenal dur
ing the war without going into crash
after the war-so say the people who
favor the embargo.
"On the other hand, those who believe
We should go to the cash and carry basis
contend that if we offer to sell equally
to both belligerents, even if only one bel
iigerent has ships to come and carry
cash to pay for its purchases, we are
giving the American people a chance to
recover from the depression. They claim
that if we don't sell arms to Great Brit
ain and France, Germany may overcome
them and that we shall be next in line.
They hold that we should do what we
can legally to help wipe Hitler off the
map.
There are the arguments. Don't think
you have all the right on your side when
you take either one. Don't lose your
temper. Don't question your opponents
motives, and remember that wars are
bred out of emotion and if you get mad
and the next fellow gets mad at you and
pretty soon lot of people are mad, you
will find that war is catching, like the
flu. Keep your own temper, shut your
own mouth, and the war you hate Will
not be so likely to come to you.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-09-29
MEMBER
The MERCHANT MARINE
OR AMERICAN LIVES?

Lobbyists Tor powerful shipping lines
are working overtime in Washington
TINS week to prevent repeal of the en-
bargo against shipment of arms and am
munition to warning nations.
Humanitarian? Not bit of it! They
want to protect the merchant ships
against loss of contemplated revenue,
dug out of European war zones. They
do not give a hoot in a hollow log whe-
ther the embargo is repealed or kept
but they are worried because they know
once the embargo is repealed, the nation
will operate under a cash-and-carry pro-
gram that will keep American ships out
of torpedo infested waters. And, strange
ly enough, these shipping firms do not
want their ships kept out of danger
Danger, to them, means profit.
To other Americans, it may mean
death and suffering beyond the power
of human imagination.
The sinking of American ships by Ger-
man submarines, or by the famous UNI
Identified" submarines, would do more
to make this country declare war against
Germany than any other one tnlng' oe-
cause it would do more to lnflame pup
lie opinion. The ship owners would see
to that.
There is only one logical way to pre-
vent such a catastrophe. Ship owners or
no ship owners-keep American vessels
out of danger.
The cash-and carry neutrality Dill
offers the best method so far devised
for doing this very thing.
The senate foreign relations commit
tee. before it voted the cash-and-carfy
proposal out for consideration ON the
senate floor. almost struck a snag when
Members insisted on lengthy discussion
: u the effect the bill would have on the
American merchant marine.
The merchant marine be hanged, say
most Americans. We want to know the
effect on the people-on those VINO woulo
he called upon to die on alien battleflelds
if we went to war-and were not III
terested in anything else.
If the merchant marine loses money
what is that loss compared to the saving
in life. happiness and dollars TINS cou1l.
trv will bring about by keeping out OF
war? The government could afford 10
keep every American ship in drydocK
during the entire war, if by so dong
this country were assured OF peace Inc
bloody profits shipping lines mlght MAKE
out of trips to Europe would not De
drop in the bucket compared TO the cosl
of war, should we enter 1t.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-09-29
WHAT WILL BE
The END OF WAR?

With Europe's war little more than
month old, disillusicned world is won
dering already what will be its end.
Will it be treaty to assure peace, or
a treaty that sets the stage Tor another
great conflict in which our sons sons
will see again the horror some of us now
living witnessed twice in our lives?
There is scarcely anyone today VINO
will deny that the treaty of Versailles
set the stage for todays war. Will an
other treaty, equally unfair and oppres,
sive, again fix trigger to set off third
conflagration?
America, even though she remains
neutral, may have large part IN tram-
ing the terms of peace, when peace
comes. if she does, she may play the
role of saviour by bringing about SYM
pathy, understanding and cooperation
between the signatories, instead OF dis
trust, hatred and war madness.
Imperial Valley press., 1939-09-29
AIR TRAINING
IN THE NAVY
(Visalia Delta)

Air-minded college students thinking
about jobs have been offered govern
ment couse in flying with pay. This year
the United States navy department is
looking for twice as many flying cadets
as it did last year. The department has
Just announced its decision to accept
candidates for flight training at naval
reserve aviation base in Oakland on the
fifteenth of every month throughout the
year.
The requirements specify citizens un-
der % years of age, single and with at
least two years of college education.
Even while taking training, cadets are
given their uniforms and quarters and
are paid S1O5 per month, a rate OF pay
that compares favorably with that OF
civil occupations
The procedure for securing one OF
these jobs is to apply to the command
ing officer of the naval reserve aviation
base at Oakland airport at once. On the
fifteenth of each month, class is form
ed. Candidates not fitted for this type
of occupation will be eliminated during
the first month in Oakland. Those who
are accepted as cadets go to Pensacola,
Florida, and while securing their train
ing, are placed on the payroll of the navy
department.