davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-09-08
redoubt. These pill-boxes are the
very devil for advancing troops, and
cause heavy loss of life.
PretentiOus Undertaking.

Pretentious Undertaking.
The French undertaking is pre-
tentious one, for the Siegfried Line
is supposed to be terriflcally strong
huge underground fortress in
which hundreds of thousands of men
can live and work. History won't
soon forget the Hindenbu1g Line in
the World War, and the Siegfried
Line is vastly stronger than that.
The Germans went to ground in
the Hindenburg Line, great con-
crete structure, which was the first
of its kind, at the end of 1916,
and nobody was able to breach it
until the British finally drove a gap
November 20, 1917.
On the political side of the Euro
pean war, Japan's announcement of
neutrality signals a highly impor-
tant development. In informing
Great Britain of its attitude, the
Japanese government requested
that his majesty's government
should refrain from taking any
measures as might prejudice Japan s
position in regard to China"
When you dig in between the lines
of this rather cryptic request, you
find that it represents an overture
for a horse trade-and big one.
What 1t means is this:
Japan is offering neutrality in ex-
change for nOn-iOtprferenre nv
Britain in Nippon's conquest of
China. The Japanese have been
bent on smashing Englands strong
politico- economic influence in China
Tokio's polite little request is in eff
feet suggestion that England
withdraw somewhat from the pic
ture and let Japan have leeway.
Evening star., 1939-04-24
Supreme Court Agrees
To Review Labor Case
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
The Supreme Court agreed today
to review a decision that the New
port News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock
Co. need not withdraw recognition
of the Employees Representative
Committee as collective bargaining
representative of employees.
The National Labor Relations
Board APPEALED from the Fourth
Federal Circuit Court. That court
upheld a portion of the boards
order which required the company
to cease interfering with and con-
tributing to the support of the labor
group. It found, however. that
there was mo reasonable ground"
to sustain the order for withdrawal
of recognition.
The boards order was issued after
a complaint by the Industrial Union
of Marine and Shipbuilding Workers
of America in 1887.
The Employees Representative
Committee, the board contended,
never lost its original character as
an employer dominated labor Or
ganization."
The court postponed today, until
at least next Monday, decision
whether Mayor Frank Hague had
violated the constitutional right of
free assemblage in barring c. I. o.
meetings in Jersey City.
Evening star., 1939-04-24
Italy ExpeIs Richard Mowrer
For 1Unfriend|y' News Stories

The foreign office asserted that
Mr.. Mowers dispatches had con-
tanned false information and false
interpretations, but no specific in
stance was cited.
Mr.. Mowrer came to Rome from
Spain, where he had been a corre-
spondent on the Republican side for
more than a year. He is the second
Chicago Daily News correspondent
to be expelled from Italy within six
months. His predecessor, Frank
Smothers, was given notice to leave
last November 20 because the gov
ernment said it believed his dis
patches were "unfriendly."
Before going to Spain Mr.. Mowrer
had been attached to his news
papers Paris bureau.
MIR. Mowrer is the 18th foreign
correspondent to be expelled from
Italy in the hast two years.
Evening star., 1939-04-24
Three in Death Row.
Awaiting Appeal
By the Associated Press.


GRAHAM. N. c., April 24.-Roy
Kelly, Wade and Ralph Hanford
lived today in Death Row" in
States Prison at Raleigh, waiting
for their counsel to file an appeal
in the flrst-degree murder convic-
tions against them, for which they
were sentenced to die June 16 in
the gas chamber.
Notice of appeal was filed by the
defendants attorneys and they were
given rs days in which to perfect
the appeal, which automatically
stays execution of the death sem
tences.
George Smith, fourth member of
the quartet convicted of participant
ing in the Burlington filling station
robbery which ended in the Staying
of Sheriff M. P. Robertson and
Police Office Sonnie Vaughan, as
we'll as the killing of Roy Huff
man, fifth robber, began serving
sentence of Is to IS years in States
Prison. He will be unaffected by
the outcome of the appeal.
Evening star., 1939-04-24
Bishop Spe||man
OF Boston Named
Gotham Archbishop
Elevation to Curdjnul
Believed Almost
A Certainty
BY the Associated Press,

by lne associated PTeSS.
VATICAN CITY, April 24.-The
Rev. Francis J. Spellman. auxiliary
Bishop of Boston, who once drove
a grocery wagon and later became a
trusted emissary of the late Pope
Plus XII. today was named arch
bishop of New York.
He was selected to succeed the
late Patrick Cardinal Hayes by Pope
Plus II who, as Eugenio Cardinal
Pacell, consecrated him as Bishop
in St. Peters in 1882.
1t was considered almost certain
that the new archbishop, who will
be so years old May 4, would be
created cardinal, but whether this
might be done at consistory which
the pontif is expected to call in
June or July, or at some later con-
sistory. was a matter of speculation
among prelates.
College Membership Low.
His chances for elevation to the
purple soon were believed by some
prelates to be increased by the fact
that the membership of the College
of Cardinals now is unusually low.
The full strength of the college
is 10. The membership was re-
duced to 50 by yesterdays death of
Domenico Cardinal Mariani at the
age of rs.
AS boy in Whitman, Mass, the
new archbishop took orders on his
fathers grocery wagon on Saturdays
He enjoyed the distinction of be-
ing his high schools most brilliant
Latin scholar, the baseball teams
star shortstop and his communitys
champion horseshoe pitcher.
While serving as an assistant at
the Vatican secretariat he learned to
fly under Italian tutelage and OBJ
tanned a pilots license.
Served In Rome 13 Years.
Archbishop Spellman was the first
American to be named an assistant
to a Vatican secretary of state. He
served in Rome 13 years, at one time
being charged with translating dis
courses of the Pope into English
In 1881, when friction developed
between the church and the Italian
state, he carried a message of the
Pope dealing with the matter out
of Italy to Paris, where he then
made it public.
Archbishop Spellman has a pilots
license and. as far as is known, will
be the first aviator-archbishop. He
was named to the Boston post Au-
gust l., 1882, with the titular bish-
opric of Sila in Numidia.
He was the first American conse-
Grated bishop in the Basilica.
During his period of service at the
Vatican. Archbishop Spellman was
(See ARCHBISHOP, Page A-10)
Evening star., 1939-04-24
Germany Announces
Return Of Envoy
To London Post
Henderson's Resumption
Of Berlin Duties Seen
Cancellation Sign
BY the Associated Press.

BERLIN, April 24-The return to
Berlin of British Ambassador Sir
Neville Henderson was followed to-
day by official disclosure that the
German Ambassador to London,
Herbert Won Dirksen, would go back
to his post very SOON"
Won Dirksen had been recalled to
Berlin soon after Sir Neville was
summoned to London to report on
the German occupation of Bohemia
, and Moravia in the breakup of
Czecho-Slovakia last month.
Sir Neville reached Berlin by the
Nord Express at $50 am. (2:30 am,
E. S. T) today. At that very mo-
ment Won Dirksen was understood
to be packing his luggage for his
return trip to London.
In'spite of the suddenness of Sir
Neville's return, the British En-
bassy said no arrangements had
been made for him to call at Will
helmstrasse and that he was carry
ing no special message.
Germans See Triumph.
Nevertheless, his temperance in
Berlin was deemed by the average
German to constitute triumph for
German diplomacy.
There was little doubt in the
minds of men who follow the politi-
cal game that Sir Neville would urge
moderation in Chancellor Hitlers
reply to President Roosevelt before
the Reichstag next Friday.
1t was further taken for granted
that he would explain to Berlin au-
| thorities that Britain has no desire
to "encircle" Germany-the purpose
Nazis have attributed to the British
system of guarantees.
To Stress German Attitude.
Foreign Office circles indicated
that Won Dirksen would be charged
with impressing upon the British
government that Germany has no
desire to unloose a conflict that
might lead to general war
A foreign office spokesman limited
that before Hitlers Friday address
the British Ambassador would have
an opportunity to acquaint German
Foreign Minister Joachim Won Rib
bentrop with the British govern
ment's latest views.
The suddenness of Sir Neville's re-
turn and the fact chat Hitler has
remained in Berlin-instead Of going
to his Bavarian mountain home
was taken to indicate Sir Neville
had some concrete proposals to
make.
Speculation in political circles in
clined to the view that Sir Neville
might offer that in return for Ger
many's marking time Great Britain
would press upon Poland to yield the
Free City of Danzig and Pomorze
(the Polish CORRIDOR to Germany.
French Envoy Expected Back.
The return to Berlin of French
Ambassador Robert Coulondre was
considered likely very soon.
So convinced were Wilhelmstrasse
officials that this in turn would
mean the return of United States
Ambassador Hugh r. Wilson that
they were asking Americans If the
American Ambassador would sail
Immediately after Hitler's Reichstag
address.
Wilson left Berlin November IA
on President Roosevelt's order Ito
report" in Washington on German
anti-Jewish measures. The Ger
(see BERLIN, Page A-5)
Evening star., 1939-04-24
Henderson
.|sAppointed
To ). {. {.
Jerome Frank Seen
As Possible Head
Of Securities Body

Leon Henderson, New Deal econ
omist and executive secretary of the
Temporary National Economic Com
mittee, was nominated by President
Roosevelt today to be member of
the Securities and Exchange Com
mission to succeed William o. Doug
las. who recently was elevated to the
United States Supreme Court.
The understanding is that Jerome
Frank, who has been one of the
brain trusters in the New Deal from
its beginning, and who has been a
member of the S. E. c. for several
years. will be elected chairman of
the commission in place of Mr..
Douglas, who was chairman when
he accepted the Supreme Court ap-
pointment
Mr.. Henderson, who is a native Of
New Jersey. is A years old and
graduated at Swarthmore College
and the University of Pennsylvania.
He served for while as a teacher of
economics at the Carnegie Institute
of Technology and came to Wash
ington in 1884 as one of the economic
advisers and research directors for
the N. r. A.
He soon became a member of the
liberal wing of the New Deal ad-
ministration and in 1885 was made
a member of the National Industrial
Recovery Board. In the same year
he served as economic adviser to
the Senate Committee on Manu-
factures and later became a con-
sulting economist for the Works
Progress Administration.
He served in the World War,
having entered the ordnance de-
partment of the Army as a private
in 1917. He was promoted to ord
nance sergeant, lieutenant and cap
tain, and received an honorable dis
charge in 1919.
Mr.. Henderson is looked upon as
one of the favorites of Secretary Of
Commerce Hopkins and Secretary
of the Interior Ickes.
The President also sent to the
Senate group of judicial appoint
ments including:
Calvert Magruder' of Massachu-
setts to be judge of the Federal
Circuit Court of Appeals for the
first circuit, embracing Maine. New
Hampshire. Massachusetts,, Rhode
Island and Puerto Rico.
Walter A. Huxman, former Gov
ernor Of Kansas, to be Judge of
the Court Of Appeals for the tenth
circuit, covering Colorado, Wyoming.
Utah. Kansas. Oklahoma and New
Mexico.
Evening star., 1939-04-24
Cotton Prices Boosted
On Subsidy Agreement

NEW YORK. April "a (P.-The cot
ton market was swept upward today
by a rush to buy on week end reports
from Washington President Roose-
velt and Southern Senators had
agreed on an export subsidy of about
2 cents pound for both the raw
staple and manufactured goods.
Large foreign orders helped lift
quotations for futures on the New
York cotton exchange 10 cents to
sl.55 bale at the opening. The ring
had its largest burst of trading in
some time for the market had been
idling waiting definite word from
(See BARTER. Page A-3l
Evening star., 1939-04-24
Courts Must Regain
Slipping Respect,
Murphy Asserts
Roosevelt Cites Foreign
Crisis in Message
To A. P. Luncheon
By the Associated Press.

NEW YORK, April 24.-Attorney
General Murphy. declaring that it
was bitter but undeniable fact"
that courts have shrunk in public
esteem. called today for definite
action ito protect them from every
influence that is degrading and un-
clean"
Addressing the annual luncheon
of the Associated Press, Mr.. Murphy
spoke of isolated cases of miscon-
duct that have shocked us ALL" and
said these steps were needed i'm
peratively in the courts:
I'VE must organize their work
under careful administrative super
vision.
I'VE must in every possible way
keep them clear of politics and
patronage.
I'VE must protect them from every
influence that is degrading and un-
clean"
President Cites Foreign Fears.
Mr.. Murphy was introduced by
Robert Mclean, president of the AS
sociated Press, who read letter
from President Roosevelt, in which
the President said he was unable
to attend because of the pressure
of official duties and previous en-
gagements.
And besides all of these known
engagements" the letter said, "the
tension of these days is so great,
particularly in foreign affairs, that
have to consider unforeseen cir
cumstances when I make an en-
gagement demanding my presence
outside Washington"
Mr.. Murphy told the editors that
if the courts are not above sus-
picion, then the preservation of
civil liberties is not beyond sus-
picion, and added:
Freedom Of the press, for ex-
ample, ultimately depends in large
degree on whether or not the courts
Evening star., 1939-04-24
Andrews to Discuss
Wages and Hours

Elmer F. Andrews, admin
istrator of the Wage and Hour
Division of the Labor Depart
ment, will be the guest speak
er tonight on the National
Radio Forum at $50 o'clock
over WMAL.
Mr.. Adrews will discuss "Six
Months of Wage and Hour
Progress"
The National Radio Forum
Is arranged by The Star and
broadcast over q coast-to-
coast network of the National
Broadcasting Co.
Evening star., 1939-04-24
Winship Seeks to Boost
Puerto Ricon Defenses
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, April 24.-Gov.
Blanton w. Winship Of Puerto Rico
limited today on his arrival on the
Porto Rican liner Borinquen that
he might ask for better military de-
fenses of the island.
Puerto Rico, he pointed out. is
strategically situated for the pro-
lection of the Caribbean Sea and
the Panama Canal.
ut would be very dangerous" he
said, ito have the island in the pos
session of q foreign power"
Asked whether he would make an
open plea for bigger military equip
ment, he said:
ut could well stand to be in
creased, and you know I have always
been . stSoug military fan"
Evening star., 1939-04-24
Dr.. William J. MAYO
Shows Improvement
By the Associated Press.

ROCHESTER. Mimi, April "a
DR.. William j. Mayo. 77-year -old CO.
founder of the Mayo Clinic, who un-
derwent a serious stomach operation
Saturday, spent restful night last
night and was in satisfactory con-
dition today.
The official Mayo Clinic bulletin
this morning stated:
Or. Mayo was reported by staff
physicians and surgeons to have
passed a more restful night, and his
condition this morning is as satis-
factory as could be expected"
Evening star., 1939-04-24
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
ROME, April 24.-Richard Mowrer,
Rome correspondent Of the Chicago
Daily News for less than four
months. was ordered today to leave
Italy because of government dis
approval of his dispatches.
CMr. Mowers dispatches ap-
peared frequently in The Evening
Starr
An attache of the ministry of
popular culture told him week ago
that he would be required to leave
the country within two weeks be-
cause the government considered
the tone OF his dispatches "un-
friendly"
The United States Embassy made
inquiries In Mr.. Mowrer's- behalf
and succeeded in obtaining q one
week extension Of the expulsion
order.
Evening star., 1939-04-24
Kennedy Arranging
Cotton-Wheat Barter
For Tin and Rubber
Negotiations Under Way
In London. British
Trade Boord Admits
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
LONDON, April 24.-United States
Ambassador Joseph P. Kennedy was
reported authoritatively today to be
arranging a deal whereby the United
States would barter about 10000 900
bales of cotton and more than 100,-
100000 bushels of wheat to Britain
for supply of rubber and tin.
The deal, 1t was reported, would
be made under the barter exchange
proposal made two weeks ago by
United States Senator James r.
Byrnes.
Negotiations Admitted.
The British Board OF Trade re-
fused to discuss details, but admitted
there were negotiations under way
in connection with the Byrnes pro-
posal. which has received the in
dorsement of President Roosevelt.
Rubber and tin both come from
British possessions, so that would
involve dealings with some of the
British colonies and dominions.
There was no indication when the
transaction would be completed, but
an official source indicated negotia-
tions were progressing.
Would Build War Strength.
The Byrnes proposal, made In
Washington April IA. would have
the double effect of building up the
war strength of England, the Meth
erlands and Belgium and at the
same time get rid of some of the
troublesome farm surpluses of the
United States.
The plan was for the United States
to trade cotton and wheat to these
three countries, and possibly others,
in exchange for rubber and tin. The
materials would be stored and the
countries receiving them would be
pledged not to dispose of them
within five years unless the prices
went above specified figures.
Evening star., 1939-04-24
Roosevelt Plans
Reorganization
On -Four Lines
Proposal to Merge
All Work Relief
Agencies Is Included
BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND
Senator Byrnes OF South Caro-.
una proposed last taI after re.
het-tn- politics probes in connec-
ton ,Uith elections that entire
relief structure be oUerhauled.
His bill advocates that w. P. A.,
P. w. A., c. C. c., National Youth
Administration, Public Roads Bu-
redu and the Treasury Public
Buildings Division be placed IN
der one agency, ,0tth a fired for
muld for distribution of funds
and for local contributions.
Evening star., 1939-04-24
Understanding Reached
By Estoniu and Poland
BY the Associated Press.

BY INC Associated Press.
WARSAW, April 24-Gen. Johan
Laidoner, chief of the Estonian
Army, departing for home after a
weeks visit to Poland. said today
that although there is no written
pact. a complete understanding ex-
lists between Estonia and Poland
Laidoner said he was deeply i'm
pressed by evidences that Polish
defense industries now were able
fully to supply the Polish Army
Evening star., 1939-04-24
Special Finance Powers
Approved in Belgium
= the ASsoeiated preSS

~ Cue z4OBUCI2LeU EIeBB.
BRUSSELS, April 24.-The Bel
gian cabinet today approved bill to
give the government for six months
special powers to deal with imam
cial measures, excluding any change
In the monetary system."
Evening star., 1939-04-24
Summary of Toduy's Star

Foreign.
Britain denies significance in AM
bassador's return. Page Al
Germany to return Ambassador
Dirksen to London. Page Al
Kennedy arranging cotton-wheat
barter in London. Page Al
80 British warships prepare to cruise
East Mediterranean. Page AS
France outlaws three Alsatian
propaganda units. Page AS
NotionoI
Four reorganization orders are pre-
pared by Roosevelt. Page Al
Bishop spellman of Boston named
New York archbishop. Page Al
Garner reported refusing to lead
anti-RooSevelt bloc. Page Al
Washington and Vicinity.
Jury tampering to be part Of case
In new Warning trial. Page B-1
Baltimore man killed by train near
Beltsville. Page AS
House District Committee withdraws
1sar trade" bill. Page 1.1
Evening star., 1939-04-24

(see LONDON, Page A-3)
Evening star., 1939-04-24

(See A.P., Page A-5)
Evening star., 1939-04-24

(See BARTER, Page A-3)
Evening star., 1939-04-24

(See HEALTH, Page A-50
Evening star., 1939-04-24
Weather Forecast

Fair tonight; mostly cloudy tomorrow
with showers at night; continued mild;
lowest tonight about 81 degrees. Tenn
peratures today-Highest, 81, at pm;
lowest, so, at Sis am.
Full report on page Az.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-07-26
DATA PRESENTED ON FLOOD RELIEF
Various Communities At- tend Hearing Here; Gov- ernment Aides Hear
 Complaints

Industrialists, business men, muni cipal officials, and property owners from cities and towns all along the Housatonic river in Connecticut and western Massachusetts met in the Waterbury City Court yesterday af- ternoon to present flood data for forwarding to the Board of Engin- eers of Rivers and Harbors in Washington, D. 0. Lieut-Col. J. S Bragdon, federal engineer, of Provi- dence, R. l., presided with a board composed of nine other government men.
 Speakers, including the mayor of Pittsfield, Mass, James Fallon told of conditions in the wake oi last Septembers flood, and flood con- ditions in general in the past decade Conditions in Waterbury's West Enc were described by William J. Secar of the Waterbury l-Irrel Foundry & Machine Co.,; E. J. Daly, of M. J Daly & Sons; Edmund H. Jones assistant treasurer of the Waterbury Savings Bank, which owns foui sSAiCAChV pAOpCA CiCS oil ANoitu bifCl side street; John H. Horan, proper ty manager of the same Bank; Jo- seph P. Alishausky, of 684 North Riverside street; and Andrew J Broderick, of 549 North Riverside street. They told of financial loss and the sanitation hazards caused when the Naugatuck river overflows its banks.
 Among other Connecticut speakers who described similar conditions ir their own towns, were Capt. Niels I. Poulsen, president of the Cham Der of Commerce in Ansonia; anc Rep. Vincent P. Kiernan, Derby.
 The data will be studied by gov. ernment officials in Washington tt decide what is necessary to prevent recurrence of flood disasters ir the Housatonic river water shed.