davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-06-12

conspicuous in his attitude toward
his duty and in his manner Of dis
charging it an active interest in every
detail of the cases brought before
him-a quality of identification with
each separate problem which proved
the profundity of his love of the law
In It's most definite and most con-
structive application. He was a re-
ligious interpreter of the code, guard
Ing Its principle against attempted
invasion regardless OF the source of
attack. Expediency weighed little
with him If it impinged upon the
purpose or intent Of the statute doc
trine. He lived and labored neither
Tor the past alone nor for the sole
advantage of the present. The
future was his anxiety and his en-
thusiasm. In other language, he de-
sired that later generations of Amer
leans should not be led astray by
the precedent of any unwise tamper-
ing with legal fundamentals in his
own day.
Justice Robb, all those who knew
him will agree, was a philosopher.
His precision traced back to his
scholarship and his scholarship in
turn to his energy and patience. To
say that he toiled necessarily is to
express the truth mildly. His SINGLE
ness OF devotion and his preoccupa-
ton denied him a broad and varied
career. but he never complained.
Few of his contemporaries were held
In loftier esteem or deserving a
greater honor.
Evening star., 1939-06-12
Justice Robb

The basic element required for the
success of a democratic society Is
that of justice pure and untainted.
Legislative procedure may be expert
mental, executive policy quixotic; but
magisterial methods always must be
equitable, logical, honorable and free
of personal bias. The ideal jurist, it
would seem, is obliged to discipline
himself to the point where he ceases
to be capable of a partial opinion,
an individualistic reaction, concern
ing any controversial issue. Such a
man was Justice Charles H. Robb
during the thirty-one years of his
service in the Court of Appeals for
the District of Columbia.
Yet he was human. No spectator,
watching him at his work, would
have thought Of him as being heart
less. On the contrary, there was
Evening star., 1939-06-12
THIS AND THAT
BETHESDA, MD.
By Charles +. TracepeH.

BETHESDA, MD.
Dear Sir: For three years Mr.. and
Mrs. Wren have built in q small bird
house near our back porch. On Satur-
day, April ~, we first noticed the chicka-
dees carrying sticks and feathers into
the box.
"All that day and Sunday they con-
tinued their building, much to our de-
light, although we were uncertain as to
just what would occur when the wrens
came back and found their house occu-
pied.
1T happened Monday morning.
Bright and early they arrived and
greeted us with the riot of song that we
look forward to so eagerly each spring
Il think spring would not be the same
without the waiting and listening for
that jolly, happy warbling.
They fitted here and there and all
about, examining this and that, and
finally the old house. How disguised
Jenny was! She simply could not un-
derstand why after three years such a
SoioAiAeouo elAilS SllOulu Ildppcl.
THAT her house, her old home, should
be taken over by another! 1t was be-
yond comprehension.
"She could not know that all winter
while she was reveling in Southern SUM-
shine the little chickadees had been
feeding at our window, in rain, in snow,
in bright cold weather, and finally had
decided to settle down near a base of
food
I'm the evening when I returned, sat
In the yard near the birdhouse to see
what was taking place in the private
lives Of these birds.
Suddenly there was whir of feath-
ers and a chickadee dashed one of the
wrens ignomiously to the ground. Jenny
was furious. The chickadee flew to q
branch near its nest.
When it finally decided to get its
dinner from the tray, the wren took
after it and chased it from one spot to
another. She did her best, but the
chickadee would not give up the old
home.
That night, my husband, feeling
sorry for the wrens and anxious not to
have them leave the yard, worked until
late on a new wren house.
1T was finished after midnight and
hung by fashlight on a tree about 18
feet from their old home.
X Il
For several days we saw but little
OF the wrens. Sometimes on the picket
fence near the house in the evening.
again on the woodpile.
Then one evening we saw Jenny
1usslng with the chickadees again. She
would light on the roof of the house,
sputtering and scolding. slide down the
side and peek in the opening.
This she repeated several times, with
Evening star., 1939-06-12
Another Chapter in the
Case Of Tiberius Graccus.
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
The theme of mine on May %, which
you were good enough to publish on the
5th, is the sad experience" of a repub-
lie when tribune of the people" arises
and assumes control of their economic
destinies, rather than the sad expert
ence of Tiberius Graccus,' as your cap
ton indicates.
There seems little room to doubt that
he and his family were thoroughly con-
vinced of the virtue of his doctrines. In
deed the publicity department of the
Gracchi so far succeeded that even unto
this day 1t Is recorded that: ITO this
family there attaches remarkably sweet
and lovable nature, which, combined with
theH high character and ability, makes
their history the most charming page in
the Roman annals"
Without doubling the charm" of the
Gracchi-and indeed it Is hard to see
how they could have attained their ends
without 1.-THE fact is that they laid
(possibly with the very best of inten-
tlons) the groundwork for the fulcrum
by means of which the Roman Republic
was overthrown, and "the people" re-
duced to the status of vassals after they
had once been free and sovereign.
1t may be doubted whether the Grac-
Chi intended this. They were, however,
perfectly willing to subvert the Roman
constitution to attain the ends which Ito
them were more important than its
preservation. AS the sad experience of
T1berius Graccus" has been mentioned it
becomes appropriate to say that having
tried, contrary to the constitution, to
secure the election to the tribunate for
the following year." the election WAS
forcibly stopped by the Senate" and that
T1berius Graccus came to his death in
the ensuing violence.
HARRISON TILGHMAN.
Easton, Md.
June 8.
Evening star., 1939-06-12

out avail, and at long last the wrens gave
up further hope and their old nest at the
same time.
'The chickadees had won their place
in the sun.
1--WE doubted that the wrens would
take the new house as 1t was new and
near the old one, but two or three DAYS
later we were overjoyed to see them
looking the place over, going in and out
OF the door, sitting on the roof gayly
singing.
And then they began to build.
$50 now we have at our very door two
birds we love. In front Of the house
the titmice have built in a house in
tended for bluebirds.
"As I write this, it Is late afternoon:
A nuthatch has just left the glass feed
ing tray; on a stump near the garage
white-throat and ohewink are feeding,
and on a tray in the pine branches a
cardinal is eating sunfower seed.
"All through the woods the thrushes
are singing, and can hear a redstart
among the new green foliage.
Il can hear flock of white-throats
In the dry oak leaves, scratching; what
old hens they are! Occasionally one
sees leaves flying into the air. The de-
parting sunlight filters through the trees,
rejecting on their trunks. Soon twi-
light, with only the thrushes calling;
dusk and the whippoorwills.
Sincerely. E. M"
The pleasures of bird watching are
brought forth in the above; something of
the quiet happiness which it brings
shines from every line.
1t is a pleasure, indeed, to sit in the
yard in the evening and see what is TAX
ing place in the private lives of the
songsters.
There is no interference here, only ac-
ceptance.
Try not to take sides. Refuse to ac-
cept old, and often erroneous, judg-
ments against certain species.
The seasons take on new aspects. II
one is genuinely interested in bird life
There not only are migrating birds, to
be welcomed each spring, but good list
Of all-the-year around songsters Which
are delighted to settle down wherever
they find food.
1t is toss up, which Of these divisions
contains the most interesting birds. Per-
haps there is no good reason for trying
to make decision.
Let friends of birds find joy and hap
piness in them all, as our correspond
ent does, and the reward will be great.
For there is not a minute of the dav,
nor day of the year, If one lives in
the suburbs when there is not some
thing interesting happening in the pri-
vate and public lives of these small bits
OF animation. They find life interesting,
every whit of it; perhaps humans would,
too, il they were as wise as the birds.
Evening star., 1939-06-12
Commemorative Stamp

"A nundred years ago today baseball
was officially born, when the first
player was tossed out of a game by
the umpire. In honor of the CEN
tennial Of Abner Doubleday's we'll
known pastime, the post Office puts
on sale at Cooperstown, N. Y, new
stamp, depicting a sandlot game in
which the first baseman, by CO.
incidence, is not Lou Gehrig.
1t is intended to commemorate
the national game, and superficially
it would seem impossible for it to
have any other implications. Here,
if ever, it might be thought, is q
stamp without political significance.
Thoughtful people will realize, how
ever, that it is not being issued by
butchers, bakers, or candlestick
makers, or even by ball players-but,
of necessity, by politicians. The po-
liticos need not be too much sur
prised If this bit of paper inadvert-
emily reminds long suffering public
of quite a few incidents which have
occurred while both Democrats and
Republicans were taking their re-
spective turns at bat.
1t should be irresistibly commence
rative of a number of foul balls
running for office who somehow
managed to bunt their way to first
base when the opposition was little
careless, and who thereafter exc
cuted one daring steal after another
until they finally came home with
the bacon. Among other things that
may come to mind is a superabun-
dance OF strikes, especially during the
present inning. But the outstanding
feature, the one that makes the
stamp really appropriate, is the large
number Of errors recorded during
the period covered.
Evening star., 1939-06-12
Supports Attorney General
On Civil Liberties.
0 the Editor Of The Star

To the Editor Of The Star:
I am wholly in accord with the views
recently expressed by the Attorney Gen.
eral on the question of protecting civil
liberties. Truly, public opinion, properly
applied, can assist the Government to q
greater extent than anything else in
protecting these liberties. Our motto
should be Righteousness, justice and
freedom for all If we do not all rally to
that standard the priceless boon Of lib
erty will slip through our fingers and we
will ultimately become pswns Of dictators.
June Q. MRS. L. NJ. TERRY.
Evening star., 1939-06-12
Wants Labor Issues
Discussed Factually.


May reply to A. s. Lanier's letter of
June condemning the principle of the
closed shop and Prolab's letter of June
6 extolling the closed shop as making q
healthy democracy?
During the last six years the writer
has read and heard spoken millions of
words on the subject of labor unions and
collective bargaining. No one of these
writer's or speakers dealt with the subject
factually. The pros take the position
that unionism is good, therefore any
thing done under the name is good; tho
cons point out that much racketeering
goes on under the guise OF unionism,
therefore 1t is all bad. Having carried
q card and represented unions, the writer
knows that both views are wrong. The
padrone system under any name or guise
Is vicious. The non-union shop on the
one end Is just as vicious as the closed
shop. Unions ought to be voluntary
associations Of workmen for their own
benefit: when coercion, clubbing, dra.
soouing from any source enter the pic
Evening star., 1939-06-12

the magistrate therefore lacked
Jurisdiction. The mistakes of the
Salisbury officials might never have
come to light had not the prisoner
finally retained a lawyer and secured
his release on a habeas corpus.
The entire case, as the Baltimore
judge said, was "a manifest travesty"
on justice. 1t shows the need for
reform of the States magistrates
system, a project Governor O'Conor
is trying to carry out. 1t also sug-
gests a need for investigation OF the
States jail system.
Evening star., 1939-06-12

ture We have racketeering and the pa
drone system in fact If not in name. The
closed shop is a device for collecting
dues. according to the popular theory,
but is actually method of levying in
voluntary tribute and applying coercion.
Unionism, like democracy, with we'll
defined limitations, is good Unlimited
application of either principle is simon
pure tyranny. Workmen want no part
OF either, but there seems to be public
conspiracy to force it upon them. The
closed shop is one of the necessary steps.
June 9. ALSO PROLAB.
Evening star., 1939-06-12

fender OF the faith" did not make public
that faith by an outward and visible
sign" through paying his respects to the
Bishop at the National Cathedral of
the United States in whose diocese he
was guest. That Bishop, in the robes
Of his Office, waited to welcome our royal
guests for one hour after the appointed
time of their arrival.
"The Bishop surmises lack of time" but
would that make it any the less a breach?
The Bishop, disappointed and sad, turned
into the Cathedral, our Westminster
Abbey" Disappointed, thousands on the
Cathedral grounds wondered why no
honor was paid our World War Presi-
dent. TZAR KAZAM.
June 10.
Evening star., 1939-06-12
America Should Defend
Democracy "Over Here"
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
Letters to the editor stand as tribute
to the democratic principles embracing
the privilege we Americans cherish in
the freedom Of press and speech. But 1t
is only short step backward to an era
when our ancestors were victims Of re-
lgious and political intolerance.
1ndelibly impressed upon the minds OF
American schoolchildren today is the
dramatic story of the landing of the
Pilgrims, which so graphically portrays
the end OF one phase Of their existence
and the beginning Of new unshackled,
uncensored phase. The Pilgrims may
truly be called the first pioneers who
blazed watery trail over the vast At
lantic Ocean to the eastern shore Of
America, there to perpetuate a form of
true democracy which lived in their
hearts long before their ships crossed
the sea.
Not one of us is envious of their long,
hard uphill struggle to the end that they
might blend their economic, spiritual
and political lives into harmonious liv-
able pattern. No true American can
deny the fact that his liberty today is
the result of sweat, the shedding of blood
and the sheer determination of an op-
pressed people who beat down seemingly
unsurmountable barriers that stood be-
tween them and the realization of a
new birth of liberty.
The time that has elapsed since this
Nation, 1853 years ago. was conceived in
liberty and dedicated to the proposition
that all men are created equal, is negli-
gible in comparison with the time since
the nations Of the Eastern Hemisphere
came into existence. While in years tho
United States may be young, yet In wis
dom she Is basically old. Were it other
wise our Nation would not stand today
as formidable world power.
The philosophy of our first President
in warning us to beware Of all entangling
foreign alliances is the common sense
of today. Having once been used as a
'cat's paw" for European nations during
the World War, it is unreasonable to be-
lieve the paw" will willingly be extended
for second singeing in pulling Euro
pean chestnuts out of the fire.
Today American citizens and our
prominent statesmen are determined to
defend democracy lover here" not "over
there" And defend democracy here we
shall, unless we as a people permit sub
versive, un-American propaganda to un-
dermine our inherent good sense.
June 9. FRANK j. SALAMON.
Evening star., 1939-06-12
Social Security Chances

So far as they are applicable to
prevailing conditions in this coun-
try, the amendments to the Social
Security Act which were adopted
almost unanimously by the House
last week should be beneficial in
their effects. 1t is necessary, how
ever, that qualification at the rela-
lively conservative action of the
legislators be tempered by the reali-
cation that the philosophy underly-
Ing these changes is potentially dan
gerous in at least two respects.
The House amendments affecting
old age insurance have a dual pur-'
pose: first, to extend and liberalize
the benefits and, second, to freeze
the two per cent pay roll tax, through
which the insurance payments are
financed, at the current figure for
the next three years. Congress was
told that the total savings" to tax
payers as result of freezing the tax
will amount to ,710,000,000 during
the next three years, while the added
benefits will amount to about ST.
200,000,000 in the next five years.
Under the existing law the Federal
contribution to old age assistance is
fifteen dollars per person per month,
with the States being required to
match this sum, and the amended
law lifts this maximum contribution
to twenty dollars a month while re-
tanning the matching principle.
This increase is not excessive and, in
fact, seems almost conservative
when compared with some of the
rejected proposals, such as the one
by Representative Colmer of Mis-
sissippi, who would have had the
Federal Government pay out four
dollars for every one advanced by
the States.
It is worthy of note, however, that
the vote against the Colmer amend
ment was only 174 to 81. There Is
every reason to suppose the advo-
Gates of bigger Federal contributions
to the aged will return to the battle
in future years, and Congress will
find 1t increasingly difficult to resist
the pressure they can bring to bear
in behalf of the old people. But the
danger of yielding to the temptation
to hand out Federal funds in larger
amounts must be resisted unless the
cost of the program is to become
inordinate.
The second potential danger will
be faced in 1943, when the time
comes to increase the pay roll tax by
fifty per cent. In view of conditions
now existing in the business world,
the arguments against the scheduled
present increase in the tax appear
to be sound. There is no assurance,
however, that the same contentious
will not be advanced just as plausibly
three years from now, and, as
matter of fact, 1t is quite likely that
they will be.
But it is important to remember
that the outlays for benefit pay
ments are going to rise tremendously
in the near future as the total num-
Der of beneflciaries and the amounts
to which they will be entitled under
the law increase.
Substitution of pay-as-you-go
plan for the original reserve system
is desirable, but future benefits must
In fact be paid for out of current
taxes, and not charged against the
future. Unless that is done, the
time is not far off when our present
national debt will seem relatively in
significant.
Evening star., 1939-06-12
Regrets Kings Failure
To Visit Cathedral.

To the Editor Of The Star:
Well, the King and Queen Of the
British Empire have gone. Long live
the King!
The one blot on their all too brief visit.
In the minds Of at least 1000 900 people
oe the church and many others not Of
the church u the fact that H. r. H. de
Evening star., 1939-06-12
Easton, Md
June 8.
Appreciates Articles on
Moral Rearmament.

Congratulations on your excellent page
on moral rearmament last Sunday.
am sending copies to statesmen and
other men IN authority across the world.
AS press photographer I appreciate
your excellent evaluation of this great
news. ARTHUR STRONG.
June Z,
Evening star., 1939-06-12

4, The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to
the use for republication of all news dispatches
-redlted to 1t or not otherwise credited in this
paper and also the local news published herein
All rights Of publication of special dispatches
herein also are reserved
Evening star., 1939-06-12
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address of
the Uriter, although the use of
a pseudonynl for publication is
permissible. Please be brief!
Evening star., 1939-06-12
All Other State. and Canad.
Member Of the Associated Press

Entered as second class matter post office.
Washington. D C.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1939-03-08

NOTICE OF SPECIAL ELECTION TO THE ELECTORS OF THE CITY
 OF JUNEAU, TERRITORY OF
 ALASKA:
 NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that pursuant to the provisions of Sec tion 2383, Session Laws of Alaska, 1883. and other laws of the Territory and ordinances of the City of Ju- neau, and in conformity with said laws and ordinances, at the regu- lar municipal election to be held at Juneau, Alaska, on Tuesday, April 4, 1889, between the hours of g o'clock A. M. and o'clock P. M of said day, there will be submitted to the voters the question of approval of Ordinance No. 246, which is entitled An Ordinance granting to the Juneau & Douglas Telephone Com pany, corporation organized under the laws of Alaska, and to it's suc- ceSsors and assigns, the right to construct, install, place, lay and maintain telephone poles, wires, cables, conduits and any and all other things and appliances which are now or may hereafter become necessary for the maintenance of a complete telephone system, in, upon, over, along and over the streets, avenues, alleys, thorough fares and other public places of the City of Juneau, and to exercise the privilege of supplying telephone ser vice to the inhabitants of the said city, for period of twenty years from and after the date of the ap- proval of this ordinance" and which ordinance was regularly passed and approved at regular meeting of the City Council held at Juneau, AL aska, on March Sd, 1939.
 Spaces will be provided upon the ballot at the regular annual muni- cipal election aforesaid for voting upon the ordinance mentioned here in.
 All duly qualified voters residing within the boundaries of the sev- eral voting precincts within the cor porate limits of the City of Juneau, Alaska, are qualified to vote at such election upon the question of rati- fication of the ordinance aforesaid
 The original of said ordinance is on file in the office of the City Clerk in the City Hall at Juneau, Alaska, and copies thereof are post ed, one at the front door of the Fed eral and Territorial Building, one at the front door of the City Hall, and one on the telephone booth at the Upper City Float, in Juneau, Alaska.
 Dated at Juneau Alaska, March 3rd, 1889.
 c. E. KRAUSE,
 Acting Mayor, City of Ju-
 neau, Alaska.
 ETTA MAE KOLASA,
 Clerk.
 First publication, March 4, 1899. Last publication, April 2 l9a9l l
The Daily Alaska empire., 1939-03-08
Gall k Made For (asi-0ff look 5ioye

Has anyone a cast-off cook stove one that of course is serviceable?
 Capt. Stanley Jackson has a pa stient" who is in need of such a kitchen appliance. and the need is urgent. If you have such an article, just telephone the Salvation Army { Capt. Jackson also says he has applicants for domestic work and any person requiring such service, may also phone him.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1939-03-08

The Library of Congress was com
 pleted in 1897 at cost of $6O00, 900.