davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1939-11-25
BLACK WORKERS AND THE
NEW UNIONS
A Review
By ALFRED BAKER LEWIS

Continued from last issue)
Whatever their personal feelings
may be, sensible white trade union
lists insist on equal rights for all
national and racial groups within the
union covering the working force of
any industry. This work of sensible
trade unionists against racial dis
elimination in unions is enforced by
the teachings of economic radicals.
For the radical looks forward to the
day when the workers, by brain as
well as Drawn, will completely domi-
nate government and industry. To
accomplish such a colossal task they
know will require complete labor
solidarity, and so all economic radi-
Gals, from Socialists to followers of
Trotsky, preach vigorously and prac-
tise sturdily genuine inter-racial jus
tice, and set their faces like flint
against race prejudice and segrega-
ton in all its forms. While economic
radicals are few in numbers, their
energy tends to give them somewhat
disproportionate influence in labor
organizations, especially the most
militant ones.
So strong is the force of the argu-
ment that equal standing and just
treatment for colored and other
racial groups in the union will
strengthen the power of that union
that the conservative A. F. of L.,
which is comparatively little infu-
enced by radicals, has repeatedly
declared itself, through convention
resolutions, against racial discrimi-
nation in unions, although it must
be admitted that the A. F. of L. cen
trail body, in actual practise, has
done nothing to discipline such
unions as the machinists, who do
openly draw the color line.
The newer unions, such as those
affiliated with the C.IO., and the
recent recruits which the CLIO.
unions have gained in industries
such as steel and automobiles, have
been particularly shining lights in
their opposition to any racial dis
elimination among their member
ship. Messrs. Clayton and Mitchell
record that the CLIO. in the steel
industry was vigorous in opposing
any tendency toward discrimination,
so much so thaat colored men in
numerous instances furnished off
Gals for the local unions in larger
proportion than they furnished men,
bers among the rank and file. The
CLIO. in meat packing, likewise, was
free from race prejudice. In the
railroad car shops, on the other hand
where the craft unions of the A. F.
of L. were alone in the field, dis
elimination was rampant, sometimes
in actual denial of the trade union
membership to colored men, more
often in complete Indifference to the
problem.
In the Birmingham district, de-
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1939-11-25

He says the community's 1000 acres
of cotton will produce a yield of at
least 1900 bales, which will mean a
minimum of $500 cash for each family.
Additional cash will come from the
sale of surplus hogs and calves, from
farm conservation benefit payments by
the federal government, and dividends
from the cooperative store, cotton gin
and sire service. And there are no land
lords to rob them of their earnings.
One reassuring condition that adds
to the welfare of the group, Baasch
says, is the absence of fear that the
families will have to move in the spring
"a fear that is ever-present with the
sharecropper.
Baasch says the project has encount-
cred considerable opposition from large
private landowners who see in.the sue
cess of the community a threat to the
sharecropper system. "But this method
is the only solution for the sharecrop-
per problem in the South" he says.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1939-11-25
NO NATIONAL TREND
SEEN IN NOV. ELECTIONS

by a Socialist. In Hartford Mayor
Thomas j. Spellacy, Democrat, was
reelected over Joseph B. Griffin, his
Republican opponent. In New Haven
Mayor John w. Murphy, Democrat,
made record by being returned to
office for a fifth term. 1t is the first
time in 112 years that mayor of New
Haven has served consecutively more
than eight years. Bridgeport returned
its Socialist mayor for a fourth time.
Elections for the legislature in New
Jersey resulted in favor of the Repub-
Leans who will have continued control
of the legislature.
In Kentucky, Keen Johnson, the
Democratic candidate for Governor,
defeated Judge King Swope, Republi-
can, by a big majority.
Although the municipal election in
Detroit was regarded as non-partisan
the result represented reversal of
sentiment which carried an implied
condemnation of the smearing tactics
employed against Governor Frank
Murphy in 1888. Mayor Reading was
carried into office on the anti-labor,
"anti-Communist" agitation which
was raised against Governor Murphy.
In the election just held Reading was
beaten two to one by Edward J. Jeff
ries, president of the common council.
who had the backing of the CLIO.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1939-11-25

Elections held throughout the coun-
try on November 7 were for the most
part without partisan political signif-
canoe, except in a local sense. They
gave no indication of any trend in ma
tional affairs one way or another. The
only national interest was focused
on the old age pension schemes which
were voted on in Ohio and California,
plans which President Roosevelt had
described as fantastic" In both
States the plans were decisively de-
feated.
In New York City the Democrats
won a sweeping victory which was
described by the Republican Herald
Tribune as resulting in ''the defeat of
many Republican and Fusion candi-
dates, who were showed under by the
most impressive Democratic New York
City vote in a decade"
Philadelphia chose a Republican for
mayor over the Democratic Fusion
candidate by majority which fell far
short of the old fashioned Republican,
kind. To offset this the Democrats
won the city election in Pittsburg. The
only state offices voted for in Pennsyl-
vania were judgeships and these were
won by the Republicans.
The largest three cities in Connect
cut elected mayors. Two of these con-
tests were won by Democrats and one
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1939-11-25
CHARLES ST. A.M.E. CHURCH
Rev. o. w. Childers, Pastor
Warren st. and Elm Hill AVE.
ROXbury

The November, third Sunday Pre-
gram of the Sarah Gorham Mite MIS-
sionary Society was given over on las as.
Sunday to the newly organized juno
United Baptist Convention OF Mas So
and Rhode Island was held at wv
Missionaries, Ruth Marris, supt'' wiz
presided. After very fine program
Rev. Oliver w. Childers, installe9 .n'
Jr. officers as follows; Opheliaa f cay
pres; Alice Ousley, vice pres; MiluLe"
Heggie, secy.; Louise Murray , GEl,
secy.; Leslie Donnelley, treas; Mlo'
Ena Allynne read paper on 'Char ,S,,,
ter Building" Others on the program
were Miss Gladys Holmes, preslugI15'
of the senior body; Arthur B: Harrow r5iIo
supt. of Sunday school; Miss G Ios
Williams, pianist; Miss Doris JoI ieo
reader; Miss Anna Ebay, contrary
the Children's choir, Ellastlne broa"
mex, director; Miss Susie F. Jones, sev 5r
treas. of Jr. branches and Mrs S .ra;a
who is here on a visit from LIBERIA
Africa.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1939-11-25
FREE WILL COMMUNITY
METHODIST, CHURCH, INC
l07 Cabot Street. Roxburv
Rev. j. S. Mvrick. Pastor

Rev. j. S. Myrick, Pastor
Pastor preached at II am. and s 100
pm. His text in the morning was
from the Epistle of Paul, The Apostle
to the Romans, ILL, "For | am Not
Ashamed of the Gospel of Christ; for
it is The Power of God Unto Salvation
to Everyone that BeIieveth: To the
jew First, and Also to the Greek"
Sunday night his text was from Rev.
6:l7, For the Great Day of His
Wrath is Come; and Who Shall be
Able to StandW All were indeed clad
to have had present Sunday morning,
Bro. James Gains who has been i'll, also
Sunday night Sister Ida Matthew, who
has been sick for long time. Walter
Williams and Ernest Moore outdid
themselves singing, Sunday morning,
Mrs. Alzater Moore was at her best
all day. Miss NJ. f. Word, pianist
Mrs. Katie Howard, supt. of the Sun
dav School; J. |. Slater, secy.; Miss
Alberta Ross, teacher of No. | Class;
Miss Eula Gaines, teacher of No. 2
Class; Miss Elizabeth Greene, teacher
of class No. 3.-Morning service at II
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1939-11-25
MILK FROM OLD PAPER AND
BRIARS? TUSKEGEE GOAT
PROMISES JUST THAT
By PAUL DUNCAN

TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE, ALA
paper-eating, briar-nibbling goat that
will replace the COW as a milk-producer
for the poor farmer with little pasture
land IS IN the process of evolution down
here at Tuskegee Institute, the school
founded by Booker 7. Washington.
Directors of livestock research here
have crossed, a highly bred goat-an
imported Saanen with a yard-long
pedigree-with a scrubby Alabama
nanny" in the hope of getting an ami
NAL that can fend for itself in the
woodlands and yet provide sufficient
milk for the average rural family.
Early stages of the experiment have
been highly successful, indicating a
goat that will produce three to six
quarts of milk daily 10 months of the
year, IN contrast to about a pint daily
the ordinary goat gives only in the
sucking period.
Tuskegee staff members list numer-
Gus advantages of the mich goat over
the COW, chief among them being that
the goat they expect to evolve will re-
qulre practically no care or purchased
feed.
cts no fable that goats will eat al
most aything," said E. NJ. Booth, direc-
tor OF the experiment. "Briars, BRAN
bles, honeysuckle vines, paper-it's all
fodder for a goat.
Where cows require pasture land,
Winter feeding and constant care,
goats need practically no attention and
can take care of themselves in almost
any kind of country. There's little if
any feed cost in Winter. And finally,
goat milk is more nutritious, virtually
free of disease and brings a higher
price commercially.
IF our experiment is successful,
every Alabama farm family can have
a fresh milk supply at practically no
cost"
The new goat is now in the second
generation of its existence, and Booth
declined to be too optimistic.
wait until the fourth generation"
he suggested.
MIX records indicate, however, that
the experimental goat is coming up to
expectations. Tuskegee has about 33
does, some of them distributed with
rural families in Alabama and Georgia
and Others kept in the institutes pas
ture. Production of all is checked
daily.
Funds for purchasing the Saanen
sire and conducting the experiment
were provided by C. M. Biddle, of New
York City, after conference with DR..
F. d, Patterson, Tuskegee president,
and DIR. R. R. Motion, president emeri-
tus.
The Tuskegee goat is bigger, fatter
animal than the usual scrub GOAT in
the South, not quite as large as its
nedigreed papa, but with the rugged.
independent "billy goat" temperament.
In addition to cheaper upkeep, Booth
lists other advantages in the animal as
Il milk source.
Goat milk sells commercially for
about 40 cents a quart, in comparison
TO 10 cents a quart for cow milk. The
fat content is approximately the same,
but goat milk has higher mineral con
tent and less water. The fat particles
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1939-11-25

Mr.. Crosswaith for this. Perhaps these
splitting tactics are due to a very small
minority in his outfit. But why should
the unpleasant odor of division and
reaction be dragged in our ranks? Why
should the Guardian be used as a vehi-
Gle for this task? To be sure, it de-
serves a better fate. 1 am sure if he
Looks Around and Beyond" with suf-
fcient care, he can find enough con-
struetive material which will be helpful
to his readers instead of resorting tC
red-baiting.
Edward jackson.
80 Greenwich St., Boston.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1939-11-25

spite the Southern attitude toward
the Colored group, the unions
formed IN the mass production in.
dustries were free from discrimina.
ton, and this despite an active cam.
paign by at least some of the en-
ployers' Representatives to prevent
unionization by an appeal to race
prejudice. As a result, colored mem.
bers could vote as trade unionists ON
problems effecting their Jobs and
livelihood, when they were in prac.
tise effectively denied the right to
vote as citizens for government
offices. In striving together for
goal beneficial to both, black and
white workers could forget the
prejudice ingrained by every institu.
ton, not excluding the white
churches, in that section of the
country.
1t would seem clear that, in the
long run, the best attack on the
segregation which is the mother of
prejudice is through organizations
which seek for large groups, in
clouding both whites and blacks
economic advantage for the group
as a whole. Unions are a perfect
example of such organizations.
To the employer, labor is an item
of expense in production, and he
naturally wants to cut down his
expenses in order to increase his
profits. He must necessarily try to
keep labor low as an item of expense
in production, and the direct way to
do so is by wage cuts and speed-ups.
Unions are absolutely necessary for
the workers as a defense against
such methods of increasing profits.
They are necessary also to get for
the workers part of the advantage
from the introduction, of new
abor-displacing devices by demand
ing higher wages and shorter hours
in keeping with the increased pro-
duction per worker which labor
displacing machinery normally
makes possible. In order success
fully to defend and improve the
workers standard of living, trade
unions must establish labor solidar-
ity across racial and nationalistic
lines. Such labor solidarity is a
direct and successful attack upon
segregation and prejudice, which can
only survive in an atmosphere Of
segregation. Every colored person
who is conscious of the combining
pressure of segregation and preju-
dice should favor unionism in gen.
eral, and the more militant unions
which make no discrimination in
particular.
Actually Clayton and Mitchell are
forced to record that that is not the
case. With honorable exceptions
such as the Pittsburg Courier and
Mr.. Schuyler, and certain few among
the clergy, the talented tenth among
the colored group have been inditfer-
ent and sometimes actively hostile
to colored workers organizing IN
trade unions. Such an attitude
seems a mistake. Those who fight
against race prejudice should vel
come militant unions, even though
they are denounced by conservatives
within the white group as radical
For in the long run, wiping out seq
regation and prejudice anywhere
weakens the power of Jim Grow
everywhere. A negative attitude
toward unions on the part of colored
professional people merely means
that they have blindly accepted the
economic prejudice of the wealthy
upper crust in the white group.
ITO be concluded in the next issue)
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1939-11-25
Atty. Lane Addresses
WOmen's Civic Club

The regular monthly meeting of the
Women's Civic Club was held on Mon
day evening, Nov. IS, at the home of
Mrs. Lawrence Washington, treasurer
76 Harold Street, Roxbury,
The meeting was addressed by At
torney John 7. Lane, Clerk of the
Juvenile Court, who gave a compre-
hensive review of delinquency as he
sees it in the courts. A lively question
period followed which was participated
in by all present.
Among those present were Mes
DANES Lawrence Washington, Amelia
Shaw, Louise Ross, George Durham
Martin Hawkins, Henry L. Sandridge
John B. Hill, Edward o. Gourdin
Emerson Pierce, Harry ]. Ellis, w. N
Goodman, Ruth Lane Miss Edith.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1939-11-25
NAMED TO
CENSUS BUREAU

NEW YORK-Edward Lawson of
New York and Mrs. Lois P. Brock of
Denver, Colo, were appointed to the
Washington staff of the Bureau of Cen
sus this week by Roscoe Wright, the
Bureaus Chief of Public Relations
Lawson is managing editor of the Ma
tional Urban Leagues magazine, COP
portunity." He will serve as a consult
ant on the Census press staff, with Mrs
Brock as his secretarial assistant.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1939-11-25

of goat milk are smaller and remain
evenly distributed, preventing accumu-
lation of cream at the top Of a recep-
tacle.
Goats are subject to fewer diseases
than COWS, Booth pointed out.
"Where the COW eats from the
ground" he explained, goats eat from
bushes, briars and vines. They encount-
er fewer diseases germs. tuberculosis
among goats is rare and they are i'm
mune to undulant fever"
As to the taste, Booth notes very
little difference between goat and COW
milk.
II drink it myself" he said. "The
families where our goats are farmed
out drink it. We haven't had to per-
.suade anybody so far"
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1939-11-25
METROPOLITAN BAPT. CHURCH
TT Shawmut Ave.
Rev. NJ. j. Minor, Pastor

Last Sunday morning the pastor de-
livered a very instructive message
from John 1926 John 16:3-"And the
Holy Ghost Shall Teach You and Guide
You In All Things" The Holy Ghost
is the minister of enlightenment. The
progress of Saint is measured by his
desire for more spiritual power. At
1880 another fine sermon was preached
from Mass. Al, Temptations" One
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1939-11-25
CHURCH NEWS
A.M.E. CHURCH, Salem
Rev. |. A. Brown. Pastor

The First A.M.E. Church of Salem
will hold its second quarterly confer
ence, Sunday, Nov. 26, at three o'clock
in Eagle Hall, Salem. DR.. John A.
Drake, Pc, will be the guest speaker.
He is one of the finest speakers of the
New England Conference and is well
liked by all ministers and the people
in general. There will be many visi-
tors from Boston and nearby cities.
Don't count the fare of going, you will
be more than repaid by the inspira-
ton received. l. A. Brown, pastor,
Res, 38 Williams St., Roxbury.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1939-11-25
LOOKING AROUND
and BEYOND
By
FRANK R. CROSSWAITH

THERE ARE FEW men in Ameri-
can life who possess a deeper SYM
pathy and understanding of our prob
lem as a group and whose record OF
service to the cause of labor has been
more consistent than Mr.. Alfred
Baker Lewis. In reviewing "Black
Workers and the New Unions" Mr..
Lewis has also once again given pub
lie evidence of his many outstanding
qualities and his profound interest in
our group. Here follows his review.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1939-11-25
CARD OF THANKS

We would like to thank our many
friends for their kind expressions of
sympathy in the form of cards, flow
ers and cars during our recent bereave-
ment which were gratefully appreci-
ated.
From the family of the late,
Dora Tavada
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1939-11-25
EPttRrH In thp
6narAtatt
HITS RED-BAITING
The Editor of The Guardian.

IIIt HUIIOT OF The Guardian:
we all look to the Guardian for
guidance on many questions affecting
the public in general and our own
group IN particular. I hope, as do
many Others, to go on relying on this
great paper as a supporter of liberal
and progressive thought
One of your contributors, Mr.. Cross
walth, seems to have gone on little
rampage of red-baiting. Has he been
keeping some bad company? The la
Dor group of which he is one of the
organizers has left the CLIO. They
are even "picketing" one Of the Offices
OF, another labor organization which is
still loyal to the CLIO. We don't blame
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1939-11-25
COLUMBUS AVE, A.M.E. ZION
CHURCH
Rev. VIM. ID. Battle, Pastor

600 am, sunrise prayer and praise
service; 1880 am, morning worship
and sermon by the pastor; 1870 pm,
church school and Bible classes; 500
pm, young peoples society of Varick
Christian Endeavor; 1880 pm, evening
worship and sermon by the pastor.
These services will help you. Marri-
age-Bertram J. Perkins and Alice L.
Moore.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1939-11-25
robson In BROADCAST
WINS AMAZING OVATION

Then the mail came. 1t came on
postcards. 1t came in envelopes, it came
on hastily written scraps of paper IL
came in kilograms. Patients in hoSpl-
tails wrote their praises. Taxi drivers
physicians, lawyers, taiIors, sailors
and soldiers, executives, office boys,
teachers, pupils, manufacturers, ana
consumers, all swelled the mail melange
in CHS offices from coast to coast.
An amazed CHS staff agreed that II
was the greatest ovation ever pad an
artist in the history Of radio.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1939-11-25

NEW YORK-The desk of Norman
Corwin, director of the Columbia
Broadcasting Service, was piled high
last week with a flood of letters from
radio fans praising Paul Robeson's
rendition of Earl Robinson's Ballad
for Americans" which on Sunday,
Nov. 5, brought a studio audience to
its feet in a tumultuous ovation. Co.
lumbia's New York telephone board
was jammed with incoming calls for
fully half an hour after the program
was off the air Hollywood swamped
the phones for two hours.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1939-11-25

am. Night service, 500 pm. Sunday
School, II 30 to 80 pm. Come to
the Free Will Community Methodist
Church and help us have the old time
If your heart is right, you
will get more JOY at church than you
will at any other place. ry it.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1939-11-25

person applied for church membership
Sunday, Nov. &c, is Rally Ray, AT
300 pm. Rev. J. Quinton Jackson
and his choir of Mt. Olivet Baptl!s35i
Church, Newport, Rhode Island VIII
be guests of Metropolitan Church Inc
public is cordially invited.
Evening star., 1939-08-20
THIS WEEK MAGAZINE

What can l do for you, Mr.. Alonzo?"
please allow me to explain
Il am all attention. My name is De Ire
vile, and this is my friend, Mr.. Digger
Again Mr. Alonzo bowed. There, you
see!'-he pointed; his smile was glittering
There is the excuse for my intrusion. 1t is
Snow White, my pet jackdaw. Although
called Snow White, he is gentleman, and
talks and whistles very finely"
I'VE had noted this" Trevvy murmured.
He has already confded to US the fact that
he loves Paddy"
He further asserted that his love was re-
turned" said.
He is therefore fortunate bird, Trevvy
peach
"All this is just his fun, laughed Mr.. Alonzo.
He is really terrible thief, for you see he
has stolen small locket which belongs to
my mother. Of no value, except sentimental.
From my roof saw him alight on your win
dow ledge 1t was fortunate"
Fortunate indeed" said Trevvy. Il am
RldO tIldt we SuCCecQeQ IN recovering your
pet Naturally he will know you, 50 pray
take him away"
Come, Snow White" said Mr.. Alonzo,
approaching the bird upon the table. 1T is
very naughty of you to run away from me.
Snow White watched him with a calculat-
ing eye, head on one side, allowed the out
stretched hand to approach to within,
perhaps, six inches, and then, momentarily
dropping the silver ball, pecked furiously at
Mr. Alonzo, snatched up the ball again and
flew onto Trevvy's shoulder
"Hellor' said Trevvy, momentariy startled
and then, looking aside at the bird: What's
the matter, Snow White? Don't you want
to 60 home?"
Snow White repeated the police whistle.
Il feel" Trevvy declared, that there is
some misunderstanding here" He stared
languidly at Mr.. Alonzo. Mr.. Alonzo was
sucking a scratch upon his carefully tended
hand; his expression was no longer amiable.
Internal thing he muttered. "One day
Evening star., 1939-08-20

strongly suspect that his object is to recover
that small silver ball. There is mystery here"
Mystery flies to you as moths fly to
fame"
Snow White had deserted Trevvys shoul-
der and was seated on high oornice, regard
ing us from aloft 1t put down the ball and
croaked again: Everybody loves Paddy.
Paddy is peach
"Of course" Trevvy admitted, standing up
and recovering his monocle, the birds con-
versation is slightly monotonous, but feel
that Paddy must be interesting - always
assuming Paddy to be a girl and not boy"
Il think the most interesting thing is the
silver ball. Short of adopting Mr.. Alonzo's
(Continvsd on pogs 12)
Evening star., 1939-08-20

shall strangle you. See If don't do that"
Poor Snow White. Trevvy glanced at the
bird and Snow White twisted his head and
looked down at him. Your master wants to
strangle you We can't allow that. can we?"
will you please grab him quickly by the
neck" MIR. Alonzo suggested.
Not at all. decline to grab him by the
neck If he is unwilling to go with you,
prefer that he remain here. In fact" (he
groped automatically for his monocle and