davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-08-13
Panama Canal Key
To Defense Of j. ).
On 18th Birthday
Would Invite Foes Attack
But Protection Is
Believed Adequate
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
PANAMA. Aug. 12.-The 25th an
niversary of the opening of the
Panama Canal finds war clouds
again gathering as they gathered
when the brain and Drawn of man
broke the backbone of continent to
unite two oceans.
On August IS, 1914, with the major
nations of the Old World in the
throes of a war that was to effect
important changes in the maps of
Europe, Asia and Africa four years
later, the United States realized the
centuries old dream of short cut
from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
Today, the Panama Canal is ad-
mittedly the keystone of the national
defense of the United States in
particular and of the American
continents in general.
Another trip like the Oregons 90
day dash around the Horn from
San Francisco to the Bay of Santi-
ago, Cuba. to join the feet during
the Spanish-American War, will not
be necessary.
The impression prevails in many
quarters that 10 years were spent in
the construction of the Panama
Canal. This is not strictly accurate.
The United States took possession
on May 4, 1904, of the French prop
critics on the Isthmus and some work
started almost Immediately. but it
was not until January 20, 1907, that
President Roosevelt signed the act of
Congress that decided the type of
canal that was to be built-a lock
canal instead of the sea-level project
originally favored.
First Tolls in May, 1914.
The canal began producing tolls
in May, 1914. when cargo arriving at
the canals terminals for ship
ment across the isthmus, was loaded
into barges and towed through the
locks.
But the formal opening of the
waterway did not occur until August
Is, when the liner Ancon of the
Panama Railroad Steamship Line,
an auxiliary Of the United States
Government-owned Panama Rail-
road acquired as part of the pur-
chase of the canal site from the
French Canal Co. in 1900 passed
through.
The Ancon's trip took hours and
40 minutes. The boat carried Amer
Evening star., 1939-08-13

Of an enemy were the United States
to suddenly find itself at war. the
people OF Panama and the Canal
Zone pursue their daily business
with seeming indifference to what
hostilities might bring.
Everybody seems satisfied that
the defenses OF the canal are suffi-
cient to assure the safety of all
persons for miles around the canal
area.
Both the Canal Zone and the Re-
public Of Panama still have to build
their first anti-air raid shelters for
civilian population, and as far as
the layman can see, the military
authorities of the Canal Zone have
taken no measures for the protection
of the personnel of the garrison in
that respect.
But military defenses, especially
anti-aircraft batteries, are jealousy
guarded secrets, and the conviction
is firmly rooted in the minds Of
all dwellers within the Canal Zone
and the two terminal cities of the
Republic of Panama-Colon and
Panama-that the hills and other
strategic points all around the zone
are studded with anti-aircraft guns
Landing Is Doubted.
The conviction is equally strong
that no enemy force could land on
Panamanian soil outside of the
Canal Zone and expect to survive
because the gringos UNITED States
soldierS know the lay of the land
perhaps even better than the ma
jority Of Panamanians. and have
full knowledge of the shortcuts
that would be invaluable aides in
the task Of stalking an enemy"
Furthermore, since the advent Of
the good neighbor policy the Gringc
troops on maneuvers have gone out
OF their way to make themselves
agreeable to the native population.
With the brusque and supercilious
attitude OF other days erased from
the picture, they have made firm
and fast friends among the lowly
people who live on the land and are
thoroughly acquainted with the ter
rain.
Today, with the ratification OF
the new canal treaty by the United
States Senate, the friendliness and
loyalty OF the Panamanian people
toward the canal and all its depen-
dencies is regarded as a foregone
conclusion.
I'VE are now partners in the de-
fense Of the Panama Canal" said
President Juan Demostenes Arose.
mena, addressing delegations OF
high school and university students
who called at the palace to con-
graduate him in connection with
the ratification of the treaty.
IF we have redeemed some
rights hitherto withheld, we also
have assumed greater responsible.
ties"
In this, the public generally con-
ours.
Evening star., 1939-08-13
Croatian Agreement
Reported Rejected
By Yueos|av Regent
Prince Paul Sees Premier
Cvetkovich, Back From
Visit to Italy
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
BELGRADE, Aug. 12.-Regent
Prince Paul received Premier ORA
gisha Cvetkovich today at Bled as
the Premier returned from Trieste,
where he met Fascist ofIicials.
The Yugoslav Premier visited Fas-
cist social welfare institutions In
Trieste Friday. Yugoslavs expected
him to return to Italy later to visit
Venice and Rome to see Count Gale
azzo Ciano, the italian foreign min
lister, who now Is in Germany, and
possibly Premier Mussolini.
The regent meanwhile was re-
ported reliably to have rejected an
agreement between the Premier and
DR.. Vladimir Machek, Croat peasant
leader, in autonomy negotiations.
Despite threats by Machek to
withdraw Croatia from Yugoslavia
unless his home-rule demands were
met, informed sources said Prince
Paul had found the Croat terms
entirely unacceptable"
He was declared to feel that the
sweeping internal reforms necessary
to settle the Croats' bitter 20-year
fight could not be effected in the
present confused international sit
uation.
1t was said negotiations would not
be resumed, although it had been
announced last Wednesday that they
merely were indefinitely suspended. j"
Evening star., 1939-08-13
Mrs. Lurs W. Erickson
Of kensinoton Dies

KENSINGTON, Md, Aug. IL
Mrs. Katherine Martin Erickson. IS.
wife of Lars w. Erickson, died yes
terday at the Washington Sanitar-
ium. Takoma Park, after an illness
Of two weeks.
Besides her husband, she is sur
vived by a daughter. Mrs. Bernard
P. Donnelly, Washington; three sons,
George A. Smoot, Chevy Chase;
Lawrence R. Smoot, Kensington, and
Arthur Erickson, Washington; sis
ter, Miss Martha Martin, Washing
ton, and brother, Marry M. Martin,
Kensington.
Funeral services will be held at
2 pm. Monday at the funeral home
OF Warner E. Humphrey, Silver
Spring, with burial In Glenwood
Cemetery, Washington.
Before coming to Kensington five
years ago Mrs. Erickson had lived in
Washington many years.
Evening star., 1939-08-13

lean and Panamanian officials and
some canal workers.
The first foreign ship to pass was
freighter Daldorch, owned by j. and
M. Campbell of Glasgow, Scotland,
carrying cargo of 1880 tons of
wheat for Limerick, Ireland.
According to the Panama Canal
record Of August 26. 1914, the Dali
dorch was scheduled to make the
trip around the Horn, but with the
outbreak Of war she was ordered by
radio to use the canal, thus effe fing
a saving in her voyage of about 40
days.
To the republic of Peru goes the
honor of having the first warship Of
any nation in the canal. Her de-
stroyer Teniente Rodriguez crossed
the canal on August 10.
First Setback October IA, 1914.
The canal suffered its first setback
on October IA, 1914. exactly two
months after 1t was opened to traf-
f1c. A slide, 2,100 feet long, moving
from the east bank of the Culebra
Cut. poured 725,0o0 cubic yards of
earth and rocks into the canal
prism, so effectively blocking the
channel that nothing larger than
small tugs could pass z
With dredges working triple shifts
"a hours a day. a passage was
cleared by October 20 sufficient to
permit the passage of 20 vessels
at the Pacific terminus and l3 at
the Atlantic-which had arrived
just too late to beat the slide.
Another slide struck year later.
On September Is, 1915, Zion Hill,
directly opposite the point where
the October slide occurred, slid into
the canal, which had to be shut
down for seven months.
After that vessels squeezed
through with bare inches to spare
under their keel and with danger
of becoming stranded at any mo-
ment until September Is. 1915. Then
the canal again was declared open
to commercial shipping.
This Zion Hill slide was the worst
in the canals history. Since that
time. only minor Interruptions have
occurred.
Though the slide problem cannot
be considered definitely disposed OF
today, canal experts are of the opin-
ion that it has been controlled to
such an extent that it may safely
be expected to remain in repose Sc
long as the present depth of the
canal is maintained.
S541 5000 Investment.
The canal today represents an in
vestment of $541 900 900, although
its construction cost was only $780,
100000. Its total earnings in tolls
since August, 1914, up to September
1898, was s435 ,109 400. On October
10, 1898, 100000 commercial ships
had crossed it. Cargo tonnage up
to September Of 1888 totaled 477,'
12O846.
Though the Panama Canal could
be expected to be the main objective
Evening star., 1939-08-13
Wallace Orders World
Survey Of Possible
Farm Markets
Findings to Be Used
To Help Determine
Control Policies
By the Associated Press,

d? the Associated Press.
Secretary Wallace, taking cogni-
zance Of an 1s per cent decline in
American farm exports during the
last fiscal year, has ordered the Agri-
culture Department to make q world
wide survey of possible new markets.
Disclosing this yesterday, oficials
said the findings would be used in
helping the Administration deter
mine future agricultural control and
international trade policies.
Instructions for the survey went
out as the department reported that
foreign sales Of American farm pro-
ducts during the fiscal year which
ended June 80 totaled $682 ,914 900,
compared with $890,771 900 in the
previous year. Before the 1929 de-
preston, exports often exceeded q
billion dollars.
The instructions said the Govern
ment has recognized from the
beginning that loss of our foreign
business would involve a heavy sac
rif1ce of comparative advantages and
serious contraction of our agricul-
tural industry"
Loss Of foreign markets in recent
years has contributed largely, ON
cials contend, to an accumulation of
surpluses which have depressed
prices.
In connection with the survey of
possible new markets, departmental
experts were asked to suggest ways
in which American agriculture may
tackle" the problem of regaining lost
markets and Of establishing new ones.
The slump in exports during the
past season was marked by 43
per cent decline in shipment abroad
of cotton. long the Nations No.
farm export crop. However, num-
ber of other products suffered The
Government is attempting to regain
cotton markets by offering q bounty
on sales made abroad. Such sales
will cost the Government about
$3.50 bale
The departments trade authori-
ties were asked to study the effect
on world trade of such factors as
agricultural price-fixing, import
controls, bihteral trading. military
policies and other so-called barriers
to international trade.
1T requires an appraisal" said
the instructions, "of our own contri-
button toward the strangulation of
international trade-our postwar
high tariffs, and our growing tariff
mindedness in agriculture as well as
in industry"
Evening star., 1939-08-13
RESORTS.

nv Tennessee near Beach.
4 IN Nv $5 up Daily in Room.
Breakfast b Dinner Incl.
Free Bathing. A. G. L0vette.
Evening star., 1939-08-13
Jousting Tourney Won
By Lawrence Gotes
Special Dispatch to The Star.

0pcC1eA 0lSpAtCu 70 AQ0 Quar-.
BROAD CREEK, Nd, Aug. l2.-
Lawrence Gates, riding as Knight
OF Silesia," today won the first
prize and the honor OF crowning
the queen after spirited competition
In the 30th annual jousting tourna-
ment sponsored by the congrega-
ton Of St. Johns Church.
Spearing all nine rings along with
two other knights, in a field of
seven competitors, Mr.. Gates later
won the rideon from A. D. Langley.
Knight of Virginia. who placed
second, and Edward Gibbons.
Knight Of Maryland Boy" the
third place winner.
Brooke Kerby. Knight of Oxon
Hill" placed fourth.
T. Van Claggett OF Upper Marl-
boro. who addressed the knights,
announced the queen would be Miss
Virginia Pickeral, of Accokeek, Md.
She is to be attended by Mrs. Glib
bons and Mrs. Kerby as maids of
honor.
Evening star., 1939-08-13
Nine D. {. Residents
To Sail on Expedition
To South Seas
National Geographic
Society and U, Of Va. to
Sponsor Yeur's Research

A dozen residents Of Washington,
Baltimore and nearby Virginia will
bs members Of the National Geo.
graphic Society University Of Vir-
ginia expedition which sails from
San Francisco for the South Seas
September 10 to collect scientific
data on the worlds greatest ocean
basin.
Prof. Wilbur A. Nelson Of the Uni
versity Of Virginia will be leader Of
the expedition and chief of its geo.
logical work.
The party will sail in the U. s.
Coast Guard cutter Hamilton and
spend a year investigating the vast,
island-studded reaches Of the Gen.
trail and South Pacific.
The expedition expects to inves-
tigate an area Of ocean some 5000
by $500 miles In extent, making
landings at scores of islands to es-
tablish bases for instrumental OBJ
servations.
The scientific party will number
Is, while the Hamilton, commando
ed by Capt. Stephen Stafford Yean-
die, will be manned by q crew Of
ITO.
The expedition personnel in
cludes DR.. c. S. Piggot, geophysicist
Of the Carnegie Institution of Wash
ington, who will make studies from
cores Of mud taken from the ocean
bottom; Prof. Maurice Ewing, geo.
physicist of Lehigh University, who
will carry on gravity Investigations
at sea and will make special studies
by means of artificial earthquakes
produced by explosions on the ocean
floor; 1t. A. j. Hoskinson, geo.
physicist Of the Coast and Geodetic
Survey, who will measure gravity on
land; DR.. J. w. Green, geophysicist
of the department of terrestrial
magnetism OF the Carnegie Insti-
tuition of Washington, who will
conduct magnetic Investigations, and
DR.. Waldo L. Schmitt, marine biolo-
gist of the Smithsonian Institu-
ton, who will make studies of sea
life. DR.. Schmitt accompanied Pres
ident Roosevelt on his cruise in the
Caribbean in the summer of 1888
and discovered several new species
of fish.
Other members of the expedition
are F. Barrows Cotton, science
writer of the National Geographic
Society, and r. H. Stewart, staff
photographer of the society, both OF
Washington; Jon M. Larson, Prince
ton, N. j., radio engineer OF the
National Broadcasting Co., and the
following assistants to the scien-
fists: R. M. Maddox and George T.
Nelson, Charlottesville, Va; Leslie
Manning, Baltimore; Charles R
Smoot, Washington; A. C. Vine
Garrettsville, Ohio; E. G. Uhl, Eliz-
abeth. N. j.; J. L. Worzel Staten
Island, N. Y, and o. Roy Nc
Clunin. Washington. Leon j. Ca
nova, 3D. Washington, is expedition
secretary.
Evening star., 1939-08-13
Buos Far Below STANDARD Mark
First Day of Grouse Season

r who, small bags or large, clean up
an estimated $4,000, 900 annually.
A brace (two) of todays kill was
started across the Atlantic, con.
signed to President Roosevelt as a
gift from Imperial Airways. The
idea was to enable the President
to feast on grouse from Scotland
some 48 hours after they were shot.
The grouse were flown to South
ampton and placed aboard the fly
ing boat Cabot, which took of at
1855 pm. CESS am, E. S. T) en-
route to Port Washington, N. Y.
President Roosevelt was aboard
the cruiser Tuscaloosa for a vaca-
ton cruise. Arrangements were
made for the grouse to be trans
ferred at Montreal to an American
Airlines plane for Boston, whence
they were to be flown to the Presi-
dent by naval plane
Evening star., 1939-08-13
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
Since the Panama Canal was
opened, Is years ago next Tuesday, 1t
has become vital link in U. S. de-
fense Notifications. So Congress has
directed that it be made impreg-
nable. Because of its 16-inch coast
defense guns-guns that outrange
Evening star., 1939-08-13

any battleship weapons-the canal
already is rated invulnerable to naval
attacks. Now the aim is to estab-
lish an iron-clad defense against
aid raids. This calls for augmenting
the already strong airplane squad
rons on duty. for a considerable in
crease in anti-aircraft guns, and for
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-01-31
Of Interest
 To Women

Have you a household problem to solve? Write your question clearly, sign your name and ad- dress, enclose q three-cent post age stamp and mail to The W o m a ms Editor, Washington Service Bureau, The Democrat, 1913 18th Street, Washington, D. C., tor a personal reply.
 c. How may tarnished silver be cleaned by electrolysis?
 A. Fill an enameled pan with water in which one teaspoon of either washing soda or baking soda and l teaspoon salt to each quart of water has been dissolved. Heat this solution to the boiling point, put in several strips of aluminium or bright zinc, add tarnished silver and boil Silver must be in contact with aluminium or zinc. and must be completely covered. with water. When the tarnish has disappeared, remove and dry with a clean cloth. Q. Give recipe for picking small fish.
 A. Take 1 1-2 cups of vinegar, add 1 1-2 cups water, ? small chop ped onions or pearl onions, tea spoon salt, six whole cloves, ? bay leaves, and pepper corns. Boil for minutes and pour over fish while hot. Weight the fish so it will be covered and serve cold the next day.
 tSee our general Question and Answer column on Page 6.)
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-01-31
Santa Maria Circle
 Plans Social Program,

Amateur night and social will follow the regular business meeting of Santa Maria Circle, Daughters of Isabella, Wednesday evening at 8:l5 o'clock at the Knights of Columbus hall, North Main street,
 Mrs. Henry Hayden is chairman, assisted by Miss Marjorie Quilter, Mrs. Deborah Kendrick, Miss Jo- sephine Filippons, Miss Margaret Frageau, Mrs. Agnes Proulx, Miss Mary Roberts, Mrs. George Miller, Mrs. Evelyn Dizick, Miss Helen Quilter and Mrs. Raymond ONeil'
 Mrs. Harry Thornberg of oakville was honored at 0 surprise party given recently by Mrs. Adonias Diamond and Mrs. Mary Graveline Mrs. Nils Thornberg, Mrs. Harold Thornberg, Mrs. Cecile Bellemore, Mrs. Bert Thornberg, Mrs. Rose Christoff, Mrs. Florence Barna, Mrs Ida Lee, Mrs. Elizabeth Laperle, Mrs. Leonie Chouinard Mrs. Terry Mazonitis, Mrs. Theodore Beaudoin Mrs. Leonette Climent, Mrs, Arthur Normandin, Mrs. Annette Dube, Mrs, Lessard, Mrs. Annette O'Toole, Mrs. Laurette Bellemore, Mrs. Euclid Houle, Mrs. Cecile Deschesnes, Mrs Maurice Garceau, Mrs. Paul Bour- rasso, Mrs. Mary Graveline, Mrs. Evangeline Flagolle, Mrs. Leonie draveline, Mrs. Ernestine Levesque, Mrs. Giguere, Mrs. Jean Olchik, Mrs, Eilene Moran, Mrs. Maxine Gelinas, Mrs. Camille Helie.
 Mrs. Cecile Diamond, Mrs. Ovila Blais, Mrs. Ferdinand Gelinas, Mrs. A. Bernier, Mrs. Oscar Deschesne, Mrs. Florence Cassette, Mrs. Sophie Aubrie, Mrs. Ferdinand Deschesne, Mrs. Odina Beland, Mrs. Clara Dia- mond. Mrs. Simmonne Normandin Mrs. Annabella Lescarde, Mrs, An tainette Brouillette, Mrs. Alice Lanny Mrs. Yvette Leveller, Misses Rose Rossey, Loretta Aubrie, Jane Dia- mand, Normande Diamond, Jean- nette Houle, Lucienne Desaulnier Therese Hebert, Jeanne Poulin Hazel Lessard Calista Carroll, Gaetane Adams, Ida Bournival Ernestine Gandron, Mira Grenier Oisle Grenier, Alice Graveline Airline Drisco and Lucille Deschesne
 MT. and Mrs. Robert Pfieffer of Columbia Boulevard are spending the winter months In Florida.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-01-31

There will be luncheon given in honor of Mrs. Sara B. Crawford, Secretary of the State. and the women legislators,
 Among the various speakers will be: Miss Mary Weaver of New Mil ford, representative, who will speak on bills concerning conservation, {, Mrs. Helen s. McPherson, probation; :; officer for Windham County, whc will speak on the child welfare and juvenile court bills; Mrs, Virginia Butterworth Hawkins of the State Department of Labor, who will dis cuss labor bills, particularly those relating to women in industry. Ed ward 0. Fisher, executive secretary of the Judicial department, whose subject will be reform in the lower courts: and William D, Barnes, executive secretary of the Connecti- cut Prison Association, who will ex- plain the State Farm bill. There will also be a speaker on bills for the improvement of the merit sys- tenn.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-01-31
Weddings
College AIunlni
 Gathers 7hursday

Many local members of the Con necticut State College Alumni will be in attendance at the State Night the annual get together held by the alumni throughout the state. scheduled for Thursday evening The affair will be held at Church Wall Tea Room In New Haven.
 The Waterbury and New Hayeis alumni will hold a joint meetinu in New Haven this year. The com. mittee in charge of arrangementss includes Miss Abbie Jean Quick oi Naugatuck, Arthur Lorenzen, Will liam Schofield and Dr. Daniel Say CTS of this city. Miss Dorothy Gris wold of New Haven. Arthur zollin Raymond Ryan, Andrew Sayers ane William Knaut of New Haven.
 The speaker will be Sumner A Dole, dean of men, Connecticut State college. There will also bt election of officers.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-01-31
Church Group Giues
 Benefit Parties

The work group of the Mill Plain Union Church under the chairman ship of Mrs, Ralph Roberts held card parties recently for the bene- fit of the church, Mrs. Roberts en- tertained at her home on Frost Road for the following guests;
 Mrs. Frederick Troske, Mrs, George Hubbard, Mrs. Charles Fleming, Mrs, Philip Reuter-, Mrs. Elton Alexander, Mrs. Wallace Clark, Mrs. Charles Sumpf, Mrs, George Woodward, Mrs, George Reed, Mrs. Lewis Bartlett. Mrs, Her bert Larkin, Mrs, Orville Ardern, Mrs, Ralph Robert, Mrs. Henry Baldwin, Mrs. Merland Avery, Mrs. William Phelan, Mrs. Clifford Jones, Mrs. Lille Jones, Mrs. George Wedge, Mrs. Robert Betts, Mrs, Ralph Harris, Mrs Harry Kllbourne, Mrs. Pierce Carew, Mrs. Ernest Chrlstofferson, Mrs. Albert Gran dall, Mrs. Ernest Kronvall Mrs. Mrs. Arthur Root and Mrs Earl Case.
 Another group was entertained at the home Of Mrs. Leslie Ccley of Frost Road, her guests being Mrs. Clarence Browne, Mrs. John zwick, Mrs, George Kingston, Mrs. Stanley Heaton, Mrs. Frank Evensen, Mrs, Clifford Prescott Mrs. Robert Beckwith, Mrs. Sidney Cook, Mrs, Walter Bolt, Mrs, Eugene sullivan, Mrs, James Burhoe, Mrs. Walter Hardisty, Mrs. Otto Hacholtz, Mrs, William Johnson. Mrs. Raymond Russell, Mrs. Warren Hitchcock Mrs. George Petitjean, Mrs, Will liam Foley, Mrs. Edward Babin, Mrs. John Willis, Mrs, Harry Kil- boura, Jr., Mrs, Gertrude Me- Phee, Mrs. Charles Engler, Mrs. Ebert Coley, Mrs Harold Co!ey Mrs. Howard Coley and Mrs, A. B Ketchin.
 Small parties were also given by Mrs. George Mitchell Of WoodticE road, Mrs. Raymond Miller of Cap itol avenue and Mrs. Joseph Mul. kern of Woodtic road.
 Mrs. stephen Noe of sylvan ave nue and Mrs. John Hendricksen O Ives street were hostesses at { housewarming party given in honol of MT. and Mrs. Charles Steck re gently at their new home on Autumn street. The couple were presented with a set of crystal and Mrs. StecE was also given a bouquet of roses Singing and dancing were enjoyec and a delicious supper was served The guests included; MT, and Mrs Mrs. John Murphy, MT, and Mrs Arthur Kelly, MT and Mrs. JameI Allen, MT. and Mrs. James Burke MT. and Mrs. George Steck. MT and Mrs, James Steck, Mrs. Delaney M and Mrs, Stephen Noe, MT. ano Ms. John Hendrlcksen, Maureer Gabrielle and Harry Henricksen.