davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-09-23
Improved Relations
With j. ). Are Seen
Japan 5 Objective
Nomuro, New Foreign
Chief, Has American
Background
By A. T. STEELE.

Chicago Daily News Foreign Correspondent.
TOXIC, Sept. % (By Radio -
Events of the past week have dem
onstrated that the supreme goal of
Japan's foreign policy during the
next few months will be the re-
adjustment OF relations with the
United States. Japan has awakened
to the serious implications of the
abrogation of the Japanese -Ameri-
can commercial treaty and is wor-
ried over American naval activity
in the Pacific.
Todays appointment of Admiral
Kichisaburo Nomura as the new
foreign minister is full of signifi-
canoe. Far from being a hostile
move, it is gesture of conciliation
toward the United States. Officials
here lay much store by Nomura s
experience in Washington as former
military attache and his acquaint-
ance with President Roosevelt.
1t has been semioffcially noted
too. that the government picked a
man with an American background
instead of one of pro-German or
pro-British leaning in order to
demonstrate its absolute neutrality
in the European war.
The chief objective of Japanese
policy will be to negotiate a new
commercial treaty with the United
States or some modus vivendi as
a substitute. AS the price for regu-
latlng relations Japan may be will
ing to make few concessions in
its China policy, although no funda-
mental revision of the new order
program may be expected.
Japan's Three Reasons.
Here are the reasons for the
urgent japanese desire to restore
Japanese American relations to
normally:
l. To remove the threat of an
American embargo on exports to
Japan.
2. To further delay Chinese hopes
OF continued foreign support and
thereby accelerate the collapse of
the Chungking government.
8. To weaken British opposition
to Japanese aims In East Asia by
removing one of its sturdiest props
Throughout the week the Japa-
nese Press has been concentrating
It's editorial attention on Japanese
American issues. For the first time
the befogged Japanese public is al
lowed to know that Japanese Amer
lean relations are much less ami
cable than it has been led to believe.
The navy started the ball rolling
with long anonymous blast citing
japanese and American grievances.
Repeatedly the Japanese public is
being told that relations with
America are at the crossroads and
that the next few weeks will tell
whether they will turn better or
(See JAPAN, Page A-3)
Evening star., 1939-09-23
Italy to Keep Neural Duce Says;
Hitler at 'front.' German Attacks
Repu|sed ; Times> French Claim
MussoIini Breaks
Silence Before
Fascist Leaders
Dy the Associated Press.

~ tHc hSSOSluIco 1000
ROME, Sept. 23.-Premier Mus
solini declared today that Italy, de-
string to localize the European war
was maintaining her policy of non
belligerency.
II Duce. in a speech to Fascist
leaders of Bologna at the Palazzo
Venezia, broke the silence he per-
sonally has maintained since last
spring to give part answer to much
speculation on Italy's position.
Mussolini declared that Italian
policy was "at least to localize the
conflict" He said the situation did
not call for an announcement OF
historic importance"
Appearances on Balcony.
IF and when," he declared, "1
should appear on the balcony (of his
Palazzo Venezia and convoke the
entire Italian people, it will be not
to outline the situation, but to an
nounce to it-as I did October 2
1885 Gtaly's entrance into Ethiopia)
or May 9, 1896 Che incorporation of
Ethiopia into the new Italian En-
pire), decisions-I say decisions-of
historic Importance.
Nov it is not such a case.
"Our policy was fixed in the
declaration of September (an-
nouncing that Italy was remaining
outside the European conf1ict) and
there is no reason to modify it. 1t
corresponds to our national inter-
ests, to our political treaties and
pacts and to the desire of all peo-
Piles, including the German people.
That policy is at least to localize
the conflict.
Besides, Poland having been
liquidated, Europe is not really at
war. The masses of armies have not
yet met.
"One can avoid that shock by
realizing that to wish to maintain
or worse yet, to wish to restore, po-
sitions that history and the natural
dynamism Of peoples condemn, is a
vain illusion.
Situation of Unknowns.
But since the situation is full
Of many unknowns" II Duce said
1taly's duty was to prepare itself
In military way to meet any
eventuality" while supporting every
possible effort for peace"
"It is certain" Mussolini con-
tinued, that the governments OF
London and Paris, with the wise
purpose of not enlarging the con-
flict, have not reacted up to the
present in the face of the Russian
accomplished fact (the Red army's
occupation of eastern Poland).
But from that it follows that
they have compromised their moral
justification for continuing to at
tempt to revoke the German 'ac-
complished fact conquest of Po-
land).
I'm situation like the present,
full of many unknowns, the watch
word has sprung spontaneously
among the masses of authentic
italian people-prepare in a mill
tary way to meet any eventuality,
support every possible peace effort
and work vigilantly in silence" he
continued.
THAT is the style Of Fascism; that
must be and is the style of the
Italian people,"
Evening star., 1939-09-23


side of his artillery regiment on
the first day, he who truly lived
an exemplary life for his army now
also died an exemplary death and
gave his all Internationally.
Deeply moved and in deep
mourning, yet filled with a great
pride. the army stands at the bier
of this great soldier"
First word of the death came
from Hitler's headquarters.
1t was made clear he held no army
command nor any other post corre-
spending to his rank of colonel gen.
eral, just below that of field marshal.
Resigned After Shake-up.
Won Fritsch, who resigned as COM
mander in chief after the Fuehrer
shook up the army leadership in
February, 1898, had been made
honorary commander of the 18th
Artillery Regiment. This post was
bestowed by Hitler "in recognition
of great service in rebuilding Of
the Third Reich"-considered a
move to reinstate him in a position
of honor.
Announcement of his death was
the first official intimation Won
Fritsch was at the front. Only yes
terday it was reported in Berlin he
was not in Poland.
Hitler ordered a state funeral for
the 59-year-old energetic, old-school
officer and issued an order of the
day honoring his memory.
Evening star., 1939-09-23
Intense ARTILLERY
Fire Precedes
Attacks
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
PARIS, Sept. 23.-Military dis
patches reported today that German
attacks on French positions Co
incided with the presence on the
western front of Adolf Hitler and
Colleen. Walther Won Brauchitsch." !"
GA Berlin dispatch reported
that Hitler, who has been in the
field with his troops since the
hostilities began, yesterday stood
on heights within sight of War;
saw. Won Brauchitsch, COM
mander in chief of the German
Army. previously had left Poland
for the western front0 'f'
The Fuehrer's intention to visit
the West Wall Notifications had
been reported for several days.
French infantry forces were re-
ported to have repulsed three sep
arate German attacks aimed at re-
gaining French-held German soil
near Saarbruecken.
While French military circles said
the Germans ARE turning toward us
from the east" large-scale offen-
sive on the west front still was
awaited.
May Test French Strength.
Military informants said the area
between the Maginot and Siegfried
Lines, the French and German for
tification systems, might serve as
''maneuvering territory" where the
Germans probably would try various
types of attack to test the strength
of their foe.
Before gray-clad German assault
troops stormed from their trench
dugouts, German artillery blasted
the French lines with hundreds Of
shells. The French high command
described the bombardment as more
intensive" than any before on the
western front
Lethal fire from French positions
was said to have cut down the ad-
vancing Germans each time, finally
compelling them to retire without
winning an inch.
Artillery fire on both sides was
said to have continued throughout
the night in the Saarbruecken Sec
tor.
Aviation and artillery, meanwhile,
were reported active in other zones.
German big guns along the Lauter
River-which recently had been
quiet-opened fire on French bat
teries in the vicinity of Wissem-
bourg, these reports said. In this
area, the Lauter forms the bondary
between France and Germany.
French gunners were reported to
have replied shell for shell. Both
artillery and machine-gun bursts
were said to have halted German
advance patrols attempting to scout
the zone.
Military information from the
western front said the Germans had
massed troops hurriedly brought
from Poland and sent them into al
most immediate action against the
French.
The dispatches also reported con-
centrations of German warplanes
along the east bank of the Rhine
River, opposite the main ramparts
of the French Maginot Line. The
planes, these reports said, were in
addition to previously reported avia-
ton concentrations near Aachen.
The morning communiQue said
there was great activity" during the
night on the Western front, par
ticularly between the Saar River
and the region southeast of Zweir-
bruecken (Deux Ponts) and on the
Lauter River.
The Germans were reported haul
(See PARIS, Page A-30
Evening star., 1939-09-23
Daylight Time to End
At z AM. Tomorrow
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, Sept. 23.-Tomor-
row Is q day set apart for slug-a-
beds.
Some 30,000,000 Americans who
live in communities where their
existence in summer is measured by
daylight-saving time will regain the
hour Of sleep they lost last spring,
when they went of standard time.
Those who forget to turn back
their clocks-it should be done at
2 am. to be ofhcial-may get to
church an hour early.
Airlines and railroads already have
announced schedules will be shifted
to meet new passenger traflc condi-
tions resulting from the return to
standard time,
Evening star., 1939-09-23
Submarine Reported
In Gulf Of Mexico:
u. 5. Tightens Patrol
Six Cutters to Watch
Area From Maine
To Connecticut

The United States strengthened
its neutrality patrol" OF New
England today as additional reports
of submarines operating in this
hemisphere stirred speculation about
the possibility of an incident en-
dangering American neutrality in
the European war.
A ships crew reported today that
it had sighted a submarine in the
Gulf of Mexico about five miles of
Punta Delgada, on the Vera Cruz
coast, according to an Associated
Press dispatch from Mexico City.
Other submarines have been
sighted of Boston and of the
southern tip of Alaska, President
Roosevelt disclosed at his press
conference yesterday.
The Presidents neutrality proc
lamation of September declared
any "frequenting and use of the
waters within the territorial juris-
diction of the United States" by
belligerent ships of war must be
regarded as unfriendly and offen-
sive" and in violation of our
neutrality.
Submarine Not Identified.
Mr.. Roosevelt did not identify the
submarine he mentioned yesterday,
however. Neither would he say
whether they were regarded as
within American territorial waters,
asserting he would have to stick
by his previous definition of terri
torial waters as extending as far as
our interests dictate.
Apparently the submarines so far
have remained far enough away
from the United States coasts to
avoid any neutrality incidents"
The move to strengthen the pa
troll of New England placed six
Coast Guard cutters under the
Navy's supervision. Assigned to pa
troll the coast from Maine to Con-
necticut, the cutters, including three
now en- route from the West Coast,
are of destroyer size and carry flying
boats.
The neutrality patrol is operat-
ing from Eastport, Me-, to and in
cluding the Gulf of Mexico and the
Caribbean Sea.
The neutrality proclamation pro-
vides that if any belligerent ship of
war is found within United States
jurisdiction, it shall not be permitted
to remain more than "a hours. and
shall not use its radio for material
aid to military operations.
Canadian naval authorities are
(see SUBMARINES, Page AID
Evening star., 1939-09-23
Jupunese Envoy Accepted

PARIS, Sept. % R.-The French
government, it was disclosed today,
has agreed to the appointment Of
Renzo Sawada, now vice-minister
Of foreign affairs, as Japanese Am
bassador to Paris. Ambassador
Yotaro Sugimura died last March.
sawada formerly was consul-seueral
In New York. ~
Evening star., 1939-09-23
Hoover Declines to Join
Fight for Embargo

NEW YORK, Sept. % R.-For-
mer President Hoover said today
through his secretary, Lawrence
Richey, that he would not take
part In an organized campaign to
fight repeal of the embargo on
arms shipments to warning nations.
Mr.. Hoover" said Mr.. Richey
is not joining any committee upon
the neutrality question. He prefers
to maintain his entire independ-
ence."
Evening star., 1939-09-23
California Heut Wave
Empties Coastal Cities
By the Associated Press.

BY the ASSOCIATED Press.
LOS ANGELES, Sept. 23-Cities
throughout coastal California spilled
their populations into mountain and
beach resorts today as thousands
sought relief over the week end from
the States longest, most oppressive
heat wave.
Mountain temperatures, 100 miles
inland, have remained normal
from so degrees into the 70s-and
ocean breeZes somewhat cooled the
immediate shoreline.
The Weather Bureau said some.
what cooler" temperatures were In
prospect late today.
Evening star., 1939-09-23
ID Senators, S Under Majority,
Favor Arms Embargo Repeal
20 Go on Record os Opposed, With Balance
Of Power Held by 81 Uncommitted

sea power would prevent Germany
from obtaining arms shipments.
(Another poll, made by the New
York Sun and distributed by the
North American Newspaper AL
lance after Presidents Roose-
velt's address to Congress Thurs
day, listed 40 Senators as favor
ing repeal of the arms embargo
and "a against repeal. Eleven
were listed as undecided and IL
as doubtful. OF the latter,
were said to lean toward repeal
and Z against such action.)
Although, on its face, the division
gave the administration big lead in
the race for votes at the historic ses-
(San Doll
Evening star., 1939-09-23
Von Fritsch, Reich Army Idol,
Dies Fighting in Minor Post
Former Chief Held No Command
After Break With Hitler
By LOUIS P. LOCHNER,


BERLIN, Sept 23Co Gen Baron Werner Frtsch
commander chief of the killed
front OF Warsaw while fighting in comparatively minor post
Col Gen. Walher Braucsch the
foremost line while accommodating operation
Col chief Artillery
Evening star., 1939-09-23

Prior to his fall from power last
year Won Fritsch had played an out
standing role in the recreation OF
the German army. in whose inva-
(See Won FRITSCH, Page ABB
Evening star., 1939-09-23

(See POLL, Page A-4.)
Evening star., 1939-09-23

(See JAPAN, Page A-3.)
Evening star., 1939-09-23
Weather Forecast

Prom the United States Weather Bureau report
Full details on Page Az
Fair and warmer tonight; tomorrow In
creasing cloudiness followed by showers
and cooler tomorrow afternoon and
night. Temperatures today-Highest,
79, at l pm; lowest. So, at $50 am.
Evening star., 1939-09-23

(See PARIS, Page A-3)
Evening star., 1939-09-23

(See NEUTRALITY, Page A-30 .
Evening star., 1939-09-23

(See SUBMARINES, Page A-l2.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1939-01-26
FEDERAL
A IN

According to a report by the
federal treasury department.,
Montana has benefited by $1O7,-
836,942 in direct and work relief
payments since they were begun
three years ago. In the same
period the payments totaled
more than nine billion dollars
throughout the nation.
MOntana'S share of the eX-
penditure was divided as fol-
lows:
Highway roads. streets, etc.,
$22' 70S ,097.78; public buildings,
So, 905, 5000; public recreational
facilities, $4,364 ,714.27: conserva-
tion work, $40, 1872, 1888; elec-
trio water and sewage systems,
$2,328, 898.28; Transportation ia
cilities, $19, 013 1922; education
al, professional and electrical
projects, $4,242, 815.72; sewing,
canning and miscellaneous. pro-
jects, Sc, 866,318.04; administrat-
i've expenses, So ,280, ISL SO; rural
resettlement and direct relief,
S14,421, 440.37: grants to state
for relief, $5,811,475.5O.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1939-01-26
HOUSE FINALLY SOLVES
PROBLEM
BY STAGGERING SHIFTS

AS the legislature wound up
its second week the house of
representatives finally hit up
on a way to solve its largest
problem so far this seSSion-the
employment puzzle.
AFTER a stormy session, the
employment committee of the
house was permitted to stagger
shifts-that is, have certain I'M
classified attaches work one
day and lay off the next-in
order to have enough qualified
employees to carry on the leg
iSlative work.
First, the house adopted a
resolution preventing married
women from working if their
husbands could support them,
and to prohibit persons from
taking leaves of absence from
regular positions to work dur
ing the session.
The next move was the in
auguration of tests to determine
of persons APPLYING for trained
work really could perform their
duties.
According to the employment
committee, however, there still
we're too many unclassified en-
ploveS and not enough trained
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1939-01-26
GIVE OLD
AGE PENSION CLAIMS

Old-age insurance claims GER
titled for payment in December
numbered 1924, raising the
total number of claims certi-
fled since the old-age insurance
system was established January
1, 1887, to 266 .9O6, according to
word received here today from
Washington by Manager Ilga
Stromset of the Billings field
office Of the Social Security
board. The average payment in
December was $65.63.
These single cash payments
are now being made to wage
earners who have been en-
ployed in covered industrial and
commercial occupations since
1896 and who have reached age
IS since that date; and to the
families or estates of workers in
covered employment who have
died since 1885," Miss Stromset
pointed out. Both types of
these payments are based on
3R per cent of the workers to-
tai earnings since 1886"
In Montana, 81 claims were
certified in December for a
total of 1850 to date. Payments
for this state in December am
ounted to So, 581 90, for a total
of $44 1888 The average pay
ment for December was $62.83.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1939-01-26
SALE OF FARMS
IN MONTANA HIGH

Despite low commodity prices
in 1888, the Federal Land Bank
of Spokane sold more farms in
Montana last year than it was
necessary to acquire, Ward K,
NeWcomb, vice-preSident, an
nounced this week.
Farm sales last year numbered
approximately one-third fewer
than the all-time high record
of 1887. The dollar volume of
sales in Montana was $6GS, 651,
43.
In the 18th Farm Credit dis
trict-Montana, Idaho, Wash
ington and Oregon - sales ex-
ceeded requirements by $40
farms. In the closing months of
the year, volume closely ap-
preached that of the same
months of 1897 and gave prom
Use of a healthy volume during
1899.
1T is the banks policy to put
farms into private ownership
Just as rapidly as possible" Mr..
Newcomb said. "Our sales pro-
gram takes into consideration,
however, that the public inter-
est requires these farms be sold
only to persons who can reas-
onably be expected to make a
go of farming the land they buy.
Thus we require of a pur-
chaser that he be able to make
a substantial down payment,
and that he have the stock
equipment and experience need
ed to succeed.
Down payments in 1888 av-
eraged 18 per cent of the price
of farms sold. The average price
paid per farm during the year
was $4,000. compared with So
900 in 1887. This reflects not so
much lower land values as a
greater demand for less expen-
sive properties. When condi-
lions decline, cheaper farms
SELL" Mr.. NeWcomb pointed
out.
Sales to tenants accounted for
80 per cent of the farms sold.
Former owners or their relatives
bought 8 per cent of the farms
and another 40 per cent were
bought by present farm owners.
Purchases by investors accoun-
ted for the remaining 20 per
cent of sales.
The total sales vo:ume for
the district in 1888 was S $685.
370.56. Other states totals were:
WASHINGTON, $847,491.11; Idaho.
1872, 685. 81; Oregon, $685. 76. 48
On the whole. the west coast
of Washington and Oregon fur
nlshes a more stable real es-
tate maket year in and year
out, Mr.. Newcomb said. Sales in
irrigated sections of eastern
washington and Oregon, and il
Idaho and Montana hit high
peaks in years of high commod-
ity prices, but fall off sharply
in poor years.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1939-01-26
LUNCHEON FOR
BRIDGE CLUB
GIRL SCOUT NOTES
Senior Troop I

The scouts Of Senior Troop I
held their meeting Monday af-
ternoon in the Girl Scout room
IN the grade school budding.
The troop took their first step
in meeting the requirements for
the dramatics badge.
A play. Joint Owners in
Spain" to be given in March,
was read and try-outs were held
The cast selected included: Mrs
Blair. Alta Cochran; Miss Dyer
Lois Wolcott; Mrs. Fullerton
MAXINE Clawson; Mrs. Mitchell
Betsy Ross.
Senior Troop III
The Girl Scout have been
working as a group to earn
dancing badges.
At the last meeting. the girls
learned the Lambeth Walk from
Blanche Franklin, Jean Kuehn,
Margaret Rayburn and Peggy
.Iovce Baker. Mrs. Mielke taught
the group to do the Virginia
Reel. the broom dance and a
waltz.
The Christmas dance given by
the troop fulfilled a mart of the
requirements for the badge,
Girls learned how to be hostess
at a dance.
Junior Troop III
Maxine Lever was the first
to know her laws, promise, mot
to. and slogan.
Hazel Romine is a new mem
Der of the troop.
Martha Saunders. Barbara
Hunt and Julia Byert were
hostesses for refreshments. Thev
earned credits in home-making
by serving.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1939-01-26
URGE USE OF COPPER

Commercial clubs throughout
the state and Montanans, Inc,
have put on a campaign to en-
courage the use of more copper
in the building and manufac-
turing industries. Resolutions
supporting the move have been
adopted by nearly all Montana
chambers of commerce. The &C
ton was taken to aid the Mine,
Mill and Smeltermen's unions
of Great Falls, Butte and Ana
conda in increasing the use of
copper to create more work in
the state.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1939-01-26
Every Winter had
Terrible Colds"
Nurse's Grateful letter

81 want to thank you for the wonderful
MIXTURE. bought the first bottle last
Winter, for the old gentleman whom I am
tskinr care Of. for he had had terrible
colds svsry winter: The first dose helped.
4 does mel quick work" Mrs. C. Davis.
DON'T take chances, for even the most
ssubborp. raeking cough swiftly yiAds to
the powerful influence Of BUCKIlEY'e
MIXTURE I(tripls. setins); the largss
Bronchitis in all Of cold Canada. CT 2
smsIi bottls at any druggist anywhere. ea1l
~, e~e$isfaetoA guaranteed Away.
SIBLEY DRUG CO.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1939-01-26
POSTPONE BOND SALE

The state highway commission
last week POSTPONED opening
bids on 81 100000 in highway
debentures to permit bidders
further time to check legal tech
nlcalltles of the issue. The bonds
to have been sold are part of the
$4,000. 900 authorized by voters
alst November. The commission
did not announce the date the
bonds will be sold.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1939-01-26
TO HIRE

A measure to be introduced
soon this session will call for a
business manager to be in
charge of administration of the
siv units of the greater univer-
Sity of Montana. Such a meas
ure was recommended by the
Montana Taxpayers Association
after a detailed study of the
operations of the university sys-
tenn. The business manager
would have charge of all expen-
dltures made by the schools,
and would be accountable to
the board of education.