davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-06-04
ENsberg BIomes
|Overcrowding
For Thetis Loss
BY the Associated Press.


NEW YORK, June 3.-Comdr.
Edward Ellsberg, U. S. N. Reserve,
said today in a copyrighted article
In the New York Post, The terrific
death roll in the British submarine
Thetis appears to be mainly result
of overcrowding.
Comdr.. Ellsberg pointed out that
the Thetis, 40 feet shorter than the
American submarine Squalus which
sank off Portsmouth, N. H., carried
a complement so per cent larger
and, therefore, decreased the
amount of air available for each
man.
Permitting a few men to escape,
Comdr. Ellsberg wrote, meant re-
ducing the ships buoyancy, since
tons of water had to be admitted
into the craft when men got away
with their Davis lungs.
Il believe" Comdr. Ellsberg wrote,
rather than sink his stern by allow
Ing few more men to escape, he
tthe commander) stopped using that
method in the hope that a hole
might be burned by the rescuers
outside into the stern through which
/, Ill the men left in the submarine
: might crawl to safety. But luck was
against him."
Evening star., 1939-06-04

aboard the sunken ship while the
commander attempted to signal the
Atlantus.
Signals for Help Given.
"At last we convinced them that
there was life aboard he said
This was "a hours after we went
down. They made the bow of their
boat fast to our stern and sent out
signals for help.
The air was so foul inside We
were nearly gone. You see, We
couldn't get air in through the hole
it was just like the neck of a
jug. They used a pump and sent
in fresh air, which cleared things
up"
About four hours later, the pas.
senger steamer George Goethals ar
rived equipped with cutting tools
1t took eight hours to cut through
the side and hoist the exhausted
men out.
And that was the only time every
oil| SNSi Soe ouI VI n Sllip lIldL WeIll
to the bottom.
"Of course" he added, the ship
is still there"
Conditions Probably Different.
Since. Capt. Cooke has com
manded other submarines and sub.
marine Squadrons. He is now il
the War Plans Division of the Navy
Department. Asked what he though
about the failure to rescue the
men aboard the Thetis, he said:
Il can't say because 1 don't know
what the conditions aboard were
There are a thousand things thai
might have made it different from
our predicament. I wouldn't be toe
hasty to criticize"
Asked if he could understand why
no one had made a line fast tc
the stern of the Thetis-as hao
been done on the S-5-Capt. Cooke
said he could not.
The line on our boat held be-
cause the sea was calm. In this
case, if it was rough. line might
have parted. I don't know why
they didn't do it,
Evening star., 1939-06-04

BACK AGAIN-Gen Jacob Coxey ght led the Nations
famed hunger march to Washington in 1894 is back
again, not in command of hungry egon the head of
Ohio delegates to the National Congress the Alliance
which opened yesterday is Herbert Benjamin
ueft, leader of another march the District 1881
Is now secretary OF the alliance. "A P. Photo
Evening star., 1939-06-04

in test on a trial run for accept
ance by the British Navy.
For six hours after that divers
tapped urgently at her sides for a
signal that life still hickered within.
They got what they believed might
have been their final, faint answer
at 2 am. today e pm, E. S. T.,
Friday night although some
thought they might have heard only
loose gear rattling against the sway
ing sides of the hulk.
Admiralty Gave Up Hope.
Then. at 4:3O pm. 1O:3O am,
E. S. T). after incessant rescue at
tempts spurred by the trapped mems
ebbing chances had failed, the ad-
miralty abandoned hope.
1t issued a statement saying,
There is now no longer justifica-
ton for hope that any further lives
can be saved from the Thetis," but
it said salvage work was continuing.
Posted for grieving relatives of the
entombed men to see, a telegram
from the admiralty was placed in
the window of Cammell Laird, Ltd,
builders of the Thetis. 1t read:
Regret that hope of saving vic
Tins in Thetis must now be aban-
doned."
The Thetis, her nose buried in IS
feet Of mud in wreck Uttered Liver
pool Bay, carried 102 men below
with her in her dive. Four men
escaped with Davis breathing
lungs" Three others were said to
have died In vain attempts.
Catastrophe a Mystery.
The catastrophe had all the ele-
ments of major mystery.
The Thetis had had several minor
accidents in previous trials but there
was still no official explanation of
why she suddenly plunged into the
mud.
Neither was there any explana-
ton of why four men managed to
get through the aft escape hatch
within an hour Friday morning and
then no more escaped.
Those four were Capt. H. P. X.
Dram, 1t. G. F. Woods, Chief Stoker
w. G. Arnold and Frank Shaw, but
none OF them was allowed for the
present to make any official state
ment OF what happened at the time
OF the accident or what plight the
others were in when they left the
submarine.
Photographs of attempts to tow
the Thetis out of the mud yesterday
indicated that broken cable may
have cost the lives of the SO men.
When the Thetis was found early
yesterday morning about 18 feet of
her stern was sticking out Of the
Evening star., 1939-06-04
SIS Chief Tells How 40 Escaped
From Sub on Sea Floor
1t Upended in Atlantic
In 1920 in Manner
Similar to Thetis
By ALFRED TOOMRS.

Capt. G. M. Cooke. jr.. told here
yesterday how he and the crew of
the SIS wreStled with death for 36
hours before hacking their way
out of a submarine that upended
far out in the Atlantic in a manner
similar to that of the British ship
Thetis.
Capt. Cooke, who is about as
emotional as bank teller making
change for a quarter related the
story of one of the Navy's most
dramatic episodes as if telling of
an escape from phone booth.
The S-5 sank to the bottom of
the Atlantic-far off the normal
shipping lanes-in 1875 feet of
water in 1920. It's crew escaped to
the last man, the only time in naval
history that all were saved from
submarine that went to the bottom
At that time a lieutenant COM
mander, the local officer was in
charge of the SIS when she hailed
from Boston toward Baltimore on
routine shake-doWn cruise. There
were 40 men aboard the new ship
and it was performing perfectly as
it moved through the rolling gray
ocean, more than so miles off the
Delaware capeS.
Ship Submerges Quickly.
A crash dive was ordered and
the ship submerged quickly. An
alarm was flashed as it was dis
covered that water was gushing
in through an induction valve and
the sub sank to the bottom.
I'VE succeeded in shutting off
the compartment and getting all
the men out safely" he said. I'VE
got everything closed but the for
ward torpedo compartment, which
was filled with water
I'VE weren't flooded as badly as
the Squalus, but we weren't in very
good shape I decided to blow the
ballast tanks to see if we could rise.
That was a pretty exacting job,
because if it wasn't done in just
a certain way we would sink for
good. We blew the water out of
the stern ballast after about an hour
Evening star., 1939-06-04
Munton
Continued From First Page J

in appearance, listened with no
show of diSpleasure as Mr.. Cahill,
speaking in converse tional tones, re-
viewed the evidence.
His manner had been no different
as he listened to James Noonan his
chief counsel. plead he was innocent
OF Wrongdoing in accepting loans.
Mr.. Noonan was stricken with a
stomach ailment during the defense
summation. which was continued
by his colleague. Benjamin Colder.
Mr.. Colder called William J. Fall
lon, business agent for Manton, who
was indicted with him and who
pleaded guilty at the start of the
trial, Judas. Mr. Cahill. during the
trial, referred to Fallon as Manton's
bag man." who made deals for
litigants to get them favorable
decisions.
This case should not be decided
on suspicion" Mr.. Colder said.
There is no such enemy to Justice
as suspicion. 1t Weaves hangman' S
moose. You should not decide this
case on circumstance.
He spoke of Manton's % years on
the bench and of the character wit
nessess who testified for him, in
cluding Alfred E. Smith, former
Governor of New York, and John
w. Davis, Democratic candidate for
President in 1924.
Reforc N Char,ot,r yv;tua.
Manton, as Federal judge. had
passed upon $500 cases, he said, and
the Government had accused him
of bribery and influenced decisions
in six.
Mr.. Cahill also referred to the
character witnesses.
If they had heard everything you
have heard" he said, perhaps they
would have stayed their tongues"
The United States attorney en-
phasized that many of the transac-
tions involved in the charges against
Manton were in cash, and cash" :"
he said, leaves few trails"
Manton resigned in January after
District Attorney Thomas E. Dewey
accused him of accepting s40O 900 in
loans from persons interested in liti-
CATION in his court.
A Federal inquiry resulted in his
indictment for bribery, and con-
splracy to bribe, obstruct justice and
defraud the Government of his i'm
partial services in series of patent
infringement, receivership and oaler
| cases.
Four men were indicted with him.
OF these, John l.. Lotsch, former
Brooklyn banker and politician,
pleaded guilty before the trial
started. Fallon and Forrest w. Da-
Wis, an accountant, pleaded guilty
shortly after jury was selected on
May %.
The fourth man, spector, elected
to go to trial.
Bank Director Testifies.
Lotsch, testifying for the Govern
ment, sWore he had paid $4,000 cash
to Manton to buy an acquittal in a
criminal case. He also testified
Manton had received directly or in
directly loans totaling $4,000 from
a now defunct Brooklyn bank OF
which he, Lotsch, was director, and
that the understanding was that
there would be favorable decisions
by Manton in cases in which Lotsch
was interested.
A surprise Government witness
Albert N. Chaperau, pseudo-diplo-
mat and ex-convict who served some
Hollywood stars as jewel smuggler
testified Spector had boasted he
put over deal" to fix an electric
razor patent infringement case in
Manton's court.
Another witness, Almon B. Hall,
Wallingford Comm poultryman,
testified he had paid $67 900 for a
favorable decision in an incubator
patent infringement suit appeal. He
Evening star., 1939-06-04
Effects Of Gas Blamed
For Failure Of 9S 10
Escape From Thetis
Deadly Carbon Dioxide
And Chlorine Mixture
Formed in Sub
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Submarine experts here surmised
that the paralyzing effect of
chlorine and carbon dioxide gas
might be the principal explanation
of why the SO men aboard the
sunker British submarine Thetis
failed to escape.
Otherwise, they considered Gin
credible" the failure of others to
follow the four men who reached
the surface by means of artificial
breathing apparatus.
Chlorine, released when salt
water comes into contact with the
sulphuric aric of submarines
batteries, has marked psychological
as we'll as deadly physical effects,
it was explained.
This gas would permeate eventu-
ally all parts of the submarine, re-
gardless of the vessels position,
experts said
Carbon dioxide, formed as oxygen
of the limited air was exhausted by
breathing, dulls the senses. saps
energies and numbs the ability to
make decisions.
ut creeps up gradually, so that
one does not realize it's effects" one
undersea specialist said. Its an
easy way to die"
One question in naval circles here
was why the Thetis, as a last
desperate resort. was not gradually
flooded by opening the hatch SO
the trapped men might try to reach
the surface by means of their Davis
lungs"
American as well as British sub
marine officers would like to know
! the answer.
Evening star., 1939-06-04
Thetis
Continued From First Page.)

'SoIIJllluCd L lloI ago.
in the stern during the hours it was
exposed yesterday was considered
but not found practicable"
The statement said that there was
only a tiny compartment N that
section of the stern which was above
water and that If a hole had been
cut in this and a water-tight man
hole inserted, it would have taken
some time"
Time Held Too Short.
Then" it said. "the trapped men,
many of whom by that time must
have been in a weakened condition,
would have had to CLIMB up steep
incline and be dragged through the
hole out of the compartment.
The tide only allowed an hour
or two for this work and it was not
possible in the time. Any pro-
nounced movement of the ship
would have doomed the men in
stantly.
The submarine was held only by
her nose at the bottom and was
moving about slightly under the in
f1uence of very strong tide which
runs at this spot An air line was
ready in the rescue ship, but the
operation of cutting even small
hole in the stern and welding this
line into it so that fresh air could
be pumped to the men on board
would have taken longer than tidal
conditions allowed"
Among the demands voiced in
the British press was one by the
Daily Mail, one for a stern in
quiry and rigorous judgment"
The Daily Telegraph and Morn
ing Post raised the question of a
rescue by diving bell, after review
ing the rescue work on the United
States submarine Squalus, but con-
cluded "its efficacy depends on con-
ditions which are not present in
Liverpool Bay"
Hawsers Put Under Hull.
Salvage vessels attempting to raise
the hull of the Thetis succeeded to-
day in placing hawsers under her
it was disclosed tonight. Experts
said, however, that it would be i'm
possible to raise her before next
Tuesday.
Then we will make for shallow
water, probably on Anglesey coast
e miles away" an official of the
Thetis' builders said.
At lao am. G:40 pm, E. S. T..
Friday night) So hours-the dead
line for the Thetis' sealed-up air
had passed since the new 81 SOC, ,00t
submarine dived into Liverpool Bay
Evening star., 1939-06-04
bin C. Area Graduate
From Fork Union School

Thirteen students from Washing
ton and vicinity have been graduated
from the Fork Union Military Acad-
envy. Fork Union, Va.
They are George William Aldinger,
William Steen Blount, Robert Muir
ray Daugherty, Louis Bryan Fields,
Manuel Antranik Hovnanian, Emery
Bandon Kreiter, Irwin Leonard
Lewis, James Norman LithgoW, John
Richard Ryon, Garrow Elery Veirs,
tr., all of Washington; Carl Eugene
Buzby of Chevy Chase. Md; Joel
Thomas Broyhill of Arlington, Va,
and Clyde Leonard Ellington of
Fredericksburg, Va.
Kreiter received the award for the
best drilled cadet and Cadet James
Van Horn of Alexandria, Va. won
the orators medal and the literary
medal.
Evening star., 1939-06-04
Germans Disturbed
By Growing Czech
Passive Resistance
Won Neuruth Confers With
Hitler on Steps to
Meet Discomfort
BACKGROUND

BACkGROUND-
Germany dismembered Csecho-
Slopdkia in March in Dioldtion of
Munich settlement of September
80. Bohemia and Mordpia 1Uere
Incorporated in Greater Ger
many and protectorate 1Uas es-
tdbltShed oper Slopakid. Czech
areas haze been integrdted 1oith
political and economic system Ut
the Reich.
Evening star., 1939-06-04
Ohio Voters League
PIuns Celebration

The Ohio Voters League, composed
of Ohioans living in the Washing
ton area, will celebrate the fifth an
niversary of its establishment Thurs
day evening with supper and dance
at the Nightingale Mite Club, south
of Alexandria, Va, on the Richmond
highway. Several hundred persons
are expected to attend.
Evening star., 1939-04-17
Reds Menaced
More by Flood
Than by Bucs
Rapidly Rising Ohio
Likely to Wash Out
Park, $4,000 Cote
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
CINCINNATI, April 17-With cold
cash for some $4,000 tickets already
in the register. Redleg officials sang
the blues today as they awaited the
2:30 pm. gong sending the Cincin-
natl and Pittsburgh clubs into action
in the National League opener of
baseball's centennial campaign.
Only two tunes were on the pro.
gram. They were mournful River
Stay Way From My Door," and
optimistic "It Amt Coin to Rain
No More"
Officially the game still was on
early today. but United States
Meteorologist w. C. Devereaux said
emphatically late last night that it
would not be played.
Devereaux said:
THE river (Ohio) now is at a
50-foot stage, and rising three
tenths Of foot an hour. It will
reach 81 feet in the morning, and
its anybody's guess what it will be
at game time. But. no matter what
WIZ AAoONA oDoSN, bAAClC "lll NC oO uluIlt
rain falling that it will be impossible
to play"
At a 54O5-foot stage the dugouts
at the ball park would be flooded,
at Sc feet the outfield would 60
under water, and at SO feet the
pitchers mound could not be seen,
club officials said. They hoped,
however, to get the. game played
before the field became inundated.
Cincinnati fans. who haven't seen
their favorites win an opener in
seven years hoped for clearing skies.
Double No-Hit" Johnny Wander
Nicer, pitching pride of the Rhine
landers, was billed to toe the slab
and the fans were certain he could
best Cy Blanton of the Pirates in the
inaugural contest and thus end the
long famine.
In addition to that, the fans want
the Reds to get started on the
campaign toward their first pennant
| in 20 years.
Evening star., 1939-04-17

experts are stubling over each
other climbing aboard the Gin
cinnati bandwagon, Hugh S.
Fullerton, daddy Of all the
pickers, comes out with a blast
in the current sporting news"
that the Reds won't finish better
than sixth.
Add Hagen: 1.-The Haig," who is
circulating again with all his old
time charming and disarming
manner-he's in Washington,
D. c., now-may get a bid to that
very exclusive Goodall Round
Robin tournament this year .
Only the cream of the crop is
asked and only ones invited so
far are Snead, Guldahl and
Picard . President Ford Frick
was to be on deck at today's
opener in Cincinnati The
Newton -Conover Club In North
Carolina has a pitcher named
Jerome Dean and you can guess
what they call him Sorry to
report the Indians don't look
good even when they're winning.
Are you asking us?
Headline in Boston Globe: "Red
Sox and Bees are home; how
about spring."
Evening star., 1939-04-17
Bv EDDIE BRETT,
Associated Press Sports Writer.

PROVIDENCE, R. l., April IL
Walter Hagen is going to write a
book and if he tells half he knows
he'll lay 'em in the aisles ). To-
morrow nights featherweight
scrap here between Leo Kodak
and joey Archibald will be the
first championship fight ever held
in Rhode Island . Dizzy Dean
wanted to try to become left
handler, but the Cubs decided he
was too much that way already
vet Those who saw Lou
Gehrig get in his own way several
times against the Dodgers decided
the boys who wrote Louis legs
were going weren't kidding.
Today's guest star: Frank
Graham, New York Sun-"Whou
stop the Yankees? How about
the Dodgers?"
They've been accusing F. D. r.
Of trying to start a war and he
obliges today by firing the first
shot in the American League
campaign If you don't think
the Red Sox will beat out the
Yanks. steer clear Of arguments
Evening star., 1939-04-17
By BURTON HAWKINS.

Weather permitting, PreXy Clark
Griffith officially was to inaugurate
something of an experimental sta
ton today at Griffith Stadium as
Washington opened it's 1889 play-for-
pay program against the Yankees.
and while the Nationals may come
to be regarded as the dizziness boys
of the American League this sea-
son, prospects for future years have
assumed rosy tint.
Griffith, for the first time in some
springs, hasn't issued a statement
to the effect the Nationals will be a
pennant threat. Washington club,
it seems, is an intriguing collection
of Cubans and apple-cheeked young
sters blended with a smattering of
veterans whose salad days have
slithered into oblivion. 1t is, in
short, an outfit in the process of re-
construction. but the foundation is
fairly substantial.
@ Even Griffiths somewhat antag-
onistic enthusiasm has yielded to
the rampant rumor that the Mats
will exceed their quota of pardon
able mistakes this season, for Wash
ington is top-heavy with inexperi-
ence. It may possess the worst de-
fensive outfleld in major league
baseball, but, by the same token. it
has trio of promising youngsters
in Roberto Estalella, George Case
and Taft Wright, whose average age
is "a.
Case has acquired an annoying
habit of attempting to steal bases
which already are occupied and his
throwing arm is weak. On the other
side of the ledger. however, George
probably is the fastest man in the
league and has demonstrated he
can whack big-time pitching for a
respectable average. His spirit is
refreshing on a club which isn't ex-
actly given to explosive outbursts.
Estalella, the olive-s skinned Latin
who captured the imagination of
local fans when first imported as
a third baseman several seasons
ago, has returned to inherit regu-
lar job in Washington's sun field,
a position which the Vesuvius-tem-
pered Al Simmons, who previously
trampled that territory for Man.
ager Bucky Harris, claims is the
toughest on the circuit.
Evening star., 1939-04-17
Sports Program for Local Fans

St. Adams at Episcopal.
George Washington High at
Westinghouse.
Tennis.
Central at st. Albans.
WEDNESDAY.
Baseball.
Washington at Philadelphia. 8.
American U. at Western Mary
land.
George Washington Frosh at
Western.
Bethesda-Chevy Chase at East
ern.
Episcopal at Maryland Frosh.
Boxing.
Joe Silva VS.. AL Reid, 10 rounds,
Turner's Arena, $50.
Tennis.
Landon at st. Albans, 3.
THURSDAY.
Baseball.
Washington at Philadelphia, 8.
Evening star., 1939-04-17
Walter Hagen Figures to Be Knockout as Author


Slugger,' looks good New
Yor k scribes agreed his win over
Aldo Spoldi earned him a shot
at the lightweight title-which
he can't get until Armstrong and
Ambers fight it out in August -.
Meantime, Angott will go to Lon
don in June to meet Eric Boon
Henry Picard enters Johns
Hopkins this week for a check-up
by the experts The Brooks
are really hustling for Durocher
and no kidding One reason
is he's substituted pats on the
back and an occasional sharp
word for the clubhouse cussing
Burleigh Grimes used to hand
out after the game.
Extra, Extra! While most of the
Evening star., 1939-04-17
Only Htne Terry Claim Flag Baseball Primes Its Guns for 1899 Drive
Win, Lose |: !!':,': . or or Draw
By FRANCIS E. STAN
Opening Come
By FRANCIS E. STAN

William Mckinley al
Theate down the
There show attracting blades
the Bjou
in The Star Is
Thirteenth
presenting The carried which
Bills Wild
which offered s2
Welcomed 1t five Cubans
President about of legislation
Washington ball park at Florida
northeast Maybe remember
speaking being
bryard in back of which
receptacle for the Heclean home hits
The ball club had just from South
Soldiers Home
telling the city
how the IA soldiers
and willingness practice Phies
before
Philies their unwlngne
The team finished sixth
brought
marked the And today
Ing another opening tbarng rain).