davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-08-08

tlcularly the President, with wisdom, of
which they appear to be tragically lack
ing, to the end that they may discon-
tinue experimenting with the welfare
and destiny of our people, experiments
and policies that are leading us to So
cial, economic, political and financial
ruin. And finally incline their hearts
and minds to govern with justice and
lmpartlallty, and with an eye single to
the welfare and rights of all the peoples
and not part of the people
I'VE also invoke Thy blessing upon and
divine guidance of the Congress, for they
like sheep have gone astray. Endue them
with deep and patriotic sense of their
obligations to legislate wisely and within
the limits of the Constitution. which
they have likewise sworn to preserve.
Restore to them their courage and in
dependence, which they seem to have
lost, and free them from the baneful in
fiuences Of the Executive, who has in the
past led them so far astray into strange
and unprecedented legislative expert
ments, so that they may in future enact
only such laws as are sanctioned by ex-
perience and approved by wisdom and
reason.
And finally We beseech Thy blessing
upon our people. Convince them of the
error of their ways, and teach them that
life is more than meat, and the body
better than raiment, and that there is
no profit in gaining the world if we lose
our souls in its pursuit. Make them more
responsive to the spiritual and moral
values of life, and restore to them hap
piness and prosperity in our time, o
Lord. Continue Thy goodness to our
Nation, and keep her in the paths of
peace, and make of our Government an
exemplar of righteousness to all man.
kind and an influence for peace and
good will among nations
August A. JUSTINIAN.
Evening star., 1939-08-08
Chinu's S Currency

Anglo japanese negotiations in
Toxic have entered a critical stage
with the conferees reported in agree
ment on the purely local issue of the
four Chinese protected in the British
concession and British cooperation
with japanese police measures.
If the bargaining were to stop at
this point Britain would have done
nothing more than recognize the
fact of japanese conquest of North
China and the necessity for Japan,
as the conquering force, to maintain
order and take steps necessary for
Its own protection.
The conferees are engaged now with
the broader question of Japan's new
order in Asia" which is inherent in
the demand that Britain withdraw
support from Chinese currency, thus
giving Japan a clear path to impose
its own Federal Reserve bank notes
upon the Chinese. This is the most
difficult issue, for it is part and
parcel of the japanese campaign to
exclude all foreign interests from
China or subordinate them COM
pletely to Japanese control.
Chinese currency has been and is
q good currency, based upon silver
and relied upon not only by the
Chinese for internal business, but by
foreign merchants for their trade
with China. Much Of the hard"
hlver, which circulates in various
forms, was withdrawn by the Ma
tionalist government and replaced
with paper money, the metal being
sold to the United States; but the
great currency base of China re-
mains silver, resource which Japan
would like to exploit by removing
1t from circulation and selling it to
the United States Treasury. Thus
behind Japan's pressure upon the
British stands the Silver Purchase
Act and the opportunity to acquire
American dollars with which to buy
war materials.
AS long as China's currency system
remains intact in the occupied areas
Japan's economic exploitation is
hindered, but substitution of Japan's
new money, which Is already re-
quired for payment of taxes of all
kinds, including customs, and for
business transactions with japanese,
would throw open the gates.
British banks in Tientsin as else
where, continue their operations in
Chinese currency. Withdrawal of
this banking support in the long run
may have direct bearing upon the
fate of China in so far as successful
exploitation of the Chinese masses
Evening star., 1939-08-08
Prayer of a Dreamer
For Welfare of the Nation.
To the Editor of The Star:

Tdreamed last night I was requested
to preside over the Supreme Court of the
United States. Contrary to precedent I
opened the proceedings with prayer,
which was as follows, just as dreamed
it:
God of our fathers be with us yet lest
we forget, lest we forget. We invoke Thy
blessing upon this court, and beseech Thee
to endow its members with wisdom,
courage and independence, that they may
in their decisions preserve, protect and
defend the Constitution according to
their oath, and guide them in their de-
nberations to the end that they may de-
eide all cases rightly, and thereby exalt
the court, the Constitution and the laws
of the land in the esteem, respect and
confidence OF the people.
I'VE pray Thee to bless all those in au-
thority-especially the President and his
associates. Endow them, and more par.
Evening star., 1939-08-08
Germany in Bolivia

Germany's latest commercial tri-
umph in South America, the trade
agreement reached Friday with Bo-
livia, has a greater specific signifi-
cance for the United States than
other Nazi moves in the continent
below us. Bolivia is the one tin
producing country of Importance in
the Western Hemisphere, and the
War Department counts on obtain
ing this all-important strategic
metal from Bolivia in case Europe
becomes involved in conflict and
the Atlantic ocean lanes turn into
paths of danger for American ship
ping. Almost all Bolivian tin now
goes to England, where it is smelted
and from where we buy it in its re-
fined state, along with Malaysian
and Dutch tin.
This country may well be appre-
hensive about any steps which might
jeopardize our prospective tin trade
with Bolivia, even though the Ger.
Evening star., 1939-08-08

would seek out the Calypso singers the
first and last
Records of these singers, with their
amusing songs on many topics-such as
being in the hospital on Christmas Day
with an eye injury-and their most
appealing voices, may be secured, to
take the listener on a journey all by
himself.
The "blues" are evidently Of African
lineage, with American tinges. The best
of the "blues" keep to the elemental type,
an accompaniment of three chords
either on a IL or Is bar form, with rests
for the singer, filled in by the accom-
paniment, permitting real Swing" in
the sense OF swinging away from the
strict melody.
To any one who has ever composed
music, even in small way, the blues"
have particular appeal, in that the
singer really makes up" as he or she
goes along. The first line is repeated,
thus allowing the singer time to think
up" the third and last line. This is a
human sort of way of doing it! after all.
At first 1t will rather irk the new hearer,
but in time he will come to realize its
perfect appropriateness.
The latest thing in the blues" is that
white women are trying to sing them.
The specimens we have heard, while def
nitely not bad, are far below the genu-
Inc specimens sung by the best of the
colored women
1t may be realized that it is not so
much, then, matter of singing ability
as OF tone quality.
The peculiar intonations of the Negro
voice, close to tears, are exactly suited to
these odd songs. They were made up,
in the first place, for and by these very
voices. They were the oral release of
the mind and heart of these peoples.
The unusual waverings from note to
note, sliding in half tones, and even
quarter tones, are utterly impossible for
what has been called the Caucasian,
Aryan, gentle voice. What needless
words, Caucasian, Aryan, gentle! Can't
some one think of better words than
these?
The "blues" songs have to do with the
average everyday life of peoples who did
not have the gifts of modern culture of
the highest degree. Therefore, they may
strike the new hearer as being vulgar,
but they really are not, but simply earthly
Surely the worst of them could not be
as vulgar as some Of our slimily sugges-
tive popular songs.
The best of the "blues" are real mu-
sical creations, odd, if you will, filled with
surety of purpose which classes them
definitely with real musical works.
AS to how you tell a real one from an
imitation:
You do it the same way you tell any
genuine article from the frauds, by
having an acquaintance with the real
thing, SO that the fake cannot fool you,
even at the hands of an expert in de-
ceptjon. First hear Bessie Smith and
you will never be fooled
Evening star., 1939-08-08

man agreement apparently is only
temporary arrangement, so far as
Bolivia Is concerned, with limited
application. The agreement has the
usual Nazi feature of the askimark
provision, which means barter and
the partial economic subjugation of
the country with which Germany is
dealing. Bolivia was driven to this
move by the economic difficulties in
which she has been stepped during
the past year, the depression born
of the Chaco War.
For Bolivia, these are critical times.
The legislative body has been abol-
ished and President Busch is gov
erning by decree. The government
has assumed control of all foreign
exchange as step toward enriching
itself. The exporters of Bolivian
ores, tin, silver, wolfram, antimony,
lead, zinc, copper and others, are
required to turn over their foreign
exchange to the government and &C
cept national currency in return.
The purpose of his move is to force
the exporters to buy in Bolivia.
Normally, the United States occu-
pies minor place in Bolivian foreign
trade. In this fact turks the danger
that the real menace of German eco
nomic domination of Bolivia might
be viewed alphabetically from Wash
ington. 1t would be a menace to us
to have diverted to Berlin the tin ore
which we would direly need in times
of conflict. 1t might be to our benefit
to consider financially assisting Bo-
livia as we have lately helped Brazil,
Nicaragua and other Latin American
nations. Below the Rio Grande the
United States is running a grim race
with Germany, and it will cost money
for us to resist efforts to implant the
totalitarian concepts on our neigh
bors to the south.
Evening star., 1939-08-08

fastens Japan's hold upon the coun-
try. Its greatest immediate effect,
however, would be to replace good
currency with one of doubtful value
because of the exchange control,
manipulation and general hocus-
pocus to which Japan's money is
subject. Thus foreign commercial
interests would be put wholly at the
mercy OF Japan, enabling her to
carry still further her drive against
all foreign interests.
The fact that the currency issue
Is pressed now only against the
British is a mere detail. The broad
effect Is to injure the commercial
interests of every country now rep
resented in China, including the
United States.
Evening star., 1939-08-08
A Cynical View
OF Political Reform.

OF Political Reform.
To the Editor Of The Star:
I wish to congratulate you on your
support of the Hatch bill. However, this
bill protects only small proportion of
the American citizens from political
coercion. To extend these benefits to all
other citizens, I propose the laws de-
scribed below.
The fundamental features of the Hatch
bill are (a) prohibition of political
coercion of Federal employees, and (b)
prohibition Of political activity by Fed
eral employees. This latter is presum-
ably necessary in order to protect the
employees from engaging in political &C
tivity under secret pressure, which they
would not dare to expose. To extend the
benefits of this law to other citizens,
we need the following laws:
Cd A law prohibiting coercion of
State employees, and, as corollary, pro-
hibiting them from taking part in po-
litical campaigns. ca A law prohibiting
private employers from coercing their
employees, and, as corollary, prohibit
90 A law prohibiting political coercion
of income tax payers (such as by threat
ening to raise their taxes) and, as a
corollary, prohibiting political activity
among income tax payers. a. A law
prohibiting political coercion of farmers
by those who buy their products, and, as
corollary, prohibiting political activity
among farmers.
But the most important of these laws
deals with freedom Of the press. 1t is
sometimes claimed that newspapers are
coerced politically by their advertisers,
who may threaten to withdraw advertis-
ing. A law is urgently needed to pro-
hibit this; and its corollary is that any
newspaper that accepts advertising must
not express a political opinion editorial
ly; and since it would be possible to color
news by giving emphasis to one side,
any newspaper accepting advertising
must carry no political news.
With these and a few other suitable
laws, the right to political activity will
be restricted to Congressman and her.
mits, and we shall enjoy nearly as much
freedom as do the citizens of Germany
The only possible objection to them ap-
pears to be that it would be simpler to
adopt the Russian method; make every
one a government employe, and the
Hatch bill alone will suffice to accom-
plish the desired ends. H. H. HOWE.
East Falls Church, Va.
August 3.
Evening star., 1939-08-08
Spirit of War

A certain Mr.. Smithers of Ontario
used to have job taking care of the
old Fort Erie battle-ground. It was
his duty to NOW the grass, clip the
hedges, and water the lawn. One
day he was somewhat surprised to
observe the semi-transparent form
of British grenadier of 1872 casu-
ally stroll across his path and sud-
denly disappear. While not endowed
with the ghosts superlative ability to
vanish in hurry, Smithers never
theless thought the idea an excellent
one. Snatching from the ground
piece Of rubber hose, he pushed it
desperately at the grenadier, laid
down bunt, and stretched it so
successfully that he never stopped
until he was safe at home, after
which he enthusiastically gave up
his life career. He was a firm be-
lever, he said, in the closed shop,
and positively refused to work with
scab employees Of George III or any
other moldering fugitives from
graveyard.
Authorities at the fort were mysti-
fled, but succeeded in identifying the
specter as one of lot of two hundred
and fifty British stationed there
about 1872 until one fine day when
the whole company was suddenly
demobilized by the explosion OF a
powder magazine. 1t is not known
why this particular soldier returned
with hand grenade at the ready
unless possibly he was looking for
the mess sergeant.
The State Department has made
vigorous protest to Ottawa. Even
allowing for the bi-weekly crises OF
the British Empire, 1t is considered
an unfriendly act to conscript the
class of 1872 and station them right
on the border at Fort Erie. Strong
objection has been made to reviving
for battle the spirits Of l776. Ottawa,
after investigation, reported that 1t
was much more likely that Mr..
Smithers had been imbibing from q
bottle too much high proof spirits Of
1899.
Evening star., 1939-08-08
THIS AND THAT
Elemental songs are among the most
BIZ Charles E. Trdce1DelI.

Elemental songs are among the most
interesting.
Elaborated, sophisticated music has q
different appeal. 1t demands acquaint-
ance with art forms, some imagination,
and grasp of pattern and mathematical
formulae
Great symphonies, listened to properly,
exercise ones artistic appreciation, imag-
ination, and understanding of pattern,
as traced out by notes in sequence and
combination.
Elemental music, such as given us by
the Negro "blues," is not of this type, but
just because it is not is no reason for
despisirg it, as some pretend to do.
Probably the better acquainted with
the symphonic forms one is, the better
will be the appreciation of the "blues. y
Here is one of the most unusual forms
in all music. reduced to utter simplicity,
stark, yet intriguing-and it is not known
by thousands of real music lovers!
They have missed something elemental
as air. and quite as intriguing, in sense
The blues" Eyes, it is singular, not plu-
raD is form SO primitive that it makes
the spirituals seem chamber music, by
contrast.
Most musical listeners of today are
sophisticated listeners, to some degree
at least; the first time they hear the
blues" in the pure form, not the elab-
GRATED form, they probably will not
like it.
Let them not be fooled into believing
they have heard these songs if their
own acquaintance is merely with modi-
fed type built up by white folks who
are trying to sing like colored folks
They haven't heard the real thing
at all That is why the first time they
do they may be repulsed.
A common reaction to the strange
in music-some listeners are so bad, in
this respect, that anything, positively
anything, which is exotic is disliked.
The person who will get the most
| from the "blues"-let us insist agair
that 1t is singular, not plural-is the
listener who has an inner flair fol
music from distant lands.
The gamelon of Bali, the steel guitar
| of Hawaii, the half tones of Java, the
| slides of the Spanish gypsies, the Fla
menco, the peculiar intonations of both
the Chinese and Japanese. the accordion
or "windjammer" of the Tahitians-
These are but few of the forms OF
exotic music which are open, in par
ticular. to the phonograph devotee who
may thus 60 around the world, musically
| speaking, at tithe of the cost such
a program of travelling might incur
If it be objected that he misses much
that may be admitted, but at the same
time the music lover will insist that
he has exactly what would interest him
| the most If he made such a round the
world tour.
Your ordinary tourist, If he went tc
Trinidad, would make for the asphalt
and the sights of natural magnificence
but the musical traveller, let us call him
Evening star., 1939-08-08
Tolerance

I think no thrush has ever changed its
song
Because a sinner passed beneath It's
bough.
1t sang for saints but yesterday, and
1t sings for one whose heart is stained
with wrong
Dear Lord, ask: DO natures gifts
belong
Alone to those who chant some pioy
vow,
Or do you, in, your providence, endow
AL men with love, the weak ones and
the strong?"
Can he be wholly evils partisan
Who, on his way to some base rem
devious,
Pauses to hear the lark, or give a hand
To help q little child? Is such q man
Really corrupt and bad? Or is it true
That God viii see and, seeing, under
standf
II. p. sTODDARD.
Evening star., 1939-08-08
Thinks Congress Betrayed
The People.
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
Congratulations to Senator Pepper. He
told the plain, unvarnished truth, and it
applies to every Democratic member of
Congress who repudiated the platform
he had sworn to defend and support-a
platform the terms of which are too
clear and concise ever to have been mis-
understood.
They have betrayed the people who
sent them there, and lost the respect
Of all fair-minded citizens, regardless of
politics.
Sinking their duty, for the childish
reason that the weather was hot and
they wanted to go home, is disgraceful
enough, but disloyalty is worse. The
country is well rid of them and may
they either keep their pledges next time
or get out. In the meantime they are
fooling no one except themselves, as
they will find out in 1910.
Haymarket, Va. E. L. SHOEMAKER.
August 6.
Evening star., 1939-08-08
Suggests Depository for

Suggests Depository for
"Splending" Bill.
To the Editor Of The stag;
Can you tell me whether or not the
spend-lend bill will now be deposited
with the other papers in the new library
to be built ut Hyde Park?
August (. JAMES WARD.
Evening star., 1939-08-08
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address of
the 1Driter, although the use OF
a pseudonynl tor publication is
permissible. Please be brief!
Evening star., 1939-08-08
Rate by Mail-Payable in Advance.
All Other States and Canada
Entered as second-claSs matter post ofice,
Washington. D. c.
Member of the Associated Press.

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to
the for republication of all news dispatches
credited TO it or not otherwise credited in this
paper and also the local news published herein
All rights of publication of special dispatches
herein also are reserved
Evening star., 1939-08-08
WASHING GTON, D. C.
TUESDAY August 8, 1883

The Evening Star Newspaper Company.
Main Office: llth St and PENNSYLVANIA Ave.
New York once: 110 East 42nd st.
Chicago ONCE: 435 North Michigan Ave.
Evening star., 1939-08-08
Delivered by Carrier-City and Suburban.

Nrht Flnal and SUNDAY Star - T5C per month
Night Final Star -- 60c per mon tn
Collection made at the end Of each month or
each week Orders may be sent by mail or tele-
phone National 5000
Evening star., 1939-08-08

demned the machine as inefficient, but
it was so far superior to anything that
had gone before that it called forth
host of imitators. Lenoir actually used
his engine to propel wagon-not very
successfully. About the same time
Siegfried Marcus in Austria was making
the same experiment and these three
share the glory of having built the first
automobiles.
Lenoir is entitled to full credit for his
achievement of practical gas engine.
But actually, it appears from the patent
models in the National Museum collec-
ton as described by Mr.. Taylor, an
American-Stuart Taylor of Newport
N. Y, as early as 1874 had applied for
an American patent and submitted a
model of a motor based on essentially the
same principle as that exploited by the
Erenchman. This operated, as did the
Lenoir engine, by the expansion Of prod
ucts of combustion occurring within the
cylinder. The explosive vapors were OBJ
tanned from resin heated by the ex-
haust gases in retort that was part of
the engine In 1846 he patented an i'm
proved engine that incorporated water
cooling of the cylinder, an incandescent
platinum igniter and receiver for COM
pressed air to be used in starting the
engine. But these, it must be remem-
bered, were only models.
The internal combustion engine hardly
can be considered to have become prac-
teal, Mr.. Taylor stresses, until the in
vention of the free piston engine Of
Nicolaus Otto and Eugen Langen in
Cologne in 1866. From this time on the
progress has been essentially uninter-
rupted.
Evening star., 1939-08-08

@. Please give the area Of Texas. F.
A. The area of the State is 265,S96
square miles.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1939-06-08

Mr.. and Mrs. Homer Hamilton
and daughter, Gladys, and Mrs. J,
Hamilton visited at Roy Hamilton's
Tuesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ellwyn Marshall
and daughters spent the weekend
with Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Domke.
Jake Bodanski was a supper
guest at the Win Cowlthorp home
Sunday.
Raymond-Ashley and Gopher
Prairie played ball in the Judes
pasture Sunday evening. Gopher
Prairie won the game with a score
of 10 to 6. After this game team
from Westport played Lyman Prai-
RE, winning the game.
Mr.. and Mrs. Howard Domke and
children were supper guests at the
Karsten home Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. S. ]. Tegland, of
the East Coast, and Mrs. c. j.
Teske and son, Jerry, and Mrs. L.
c. Wolfe, of Truman, visited at the
Walter Payne and Mrs. Emma
Payne homes last week. Mr.. Teg-
land is sailor and has been sta
toned on the East Coast. He was
recently transferred to the West
Coast.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1939-06-08
Old Highway No. 4

Mr.. and Mrs. Ed Bohn, Of st.
Paul, spent over Memorial day with
Mrs. Frank Martin.
Mr.. and Mrs. Sam Perry and
family and Helen Thornbloom, of
st. Cloud, spent Memorial Day with
Mrs. Ida Fcrsberg and Mrs. Karine
Thornbloom.
Mrs. Christ Schultz and daugh-
ter, Shirly, and son, Arnold, of
Osakis, Mr.. and Mrs. Jean Peter
son, of st. Paul, spent Memorial
Day with Mrs. Frank Martin.
Charles Gordon was a dinner
guest Of Mr.. and Mrs. Wesley Mar
tin Sunday.
Tillie Martin spent the weekend
with her folks, Mr.. and Mrs. Wes-
ley Martin. Tillie is new employed
at the Pat Dickson home in Grey
Eagle.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harold Nelson and
family, Laura Mae Martin, and
Billie Cumming visited Thursday
evening with Mr.. and Mrs. Wesley
Martin and family. Laura Mae and
Billie remained.
School District No. u held a pic
mic Friday at the school. It was
well attended.
Mrs. Wesley Martin and daugh-
ter, Laura Mae, accompanied Mr..
and Mrs. Harold Nelson to Pail
SADIE, Sunday, where they spent the
day. They were dinner and supper
guests, of Mr.. and Mrs. Delwir
Burr and son. Laura Mae remained