davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-10-16
Difficulty Is Seen
In Starving Germany
By the Associated Press,

By the Associated Press
A belief that Great Britain and
France may find it more difficult to
'starve out" Germany this time than
in the World War was expressed yes
terday by the Foreign Policy Asso-
citation.
The association, privately fund
ed organization, said in a survey
that Germany's industrial capacity
was "far, superior" to World War
days and its food production larger.
The Reich's most serious def
clencles are in iron, petroleum and
rubber" )" the report said. For iron.
1t must largely rely on Sweden, for
mineral oil on Rumania and the So
wet Union. For this reason control
over Swedish and Rumanian re-
sources will be hotly contested by
all belligerents.
while the Soviet Union can theo-
retlcally supply considerable GUAM
Titles OF manganese, timber and oil.
the remoteness of these raw material
sources from the German frontier.
together with the lack of adequate
transportation facilities, may greatly
limit its assistance to Germany even
II Russia is inclined to aid"
II Germany is no more successful
than in 1914 in breaking Britain's
hfelines to overseas countries, the
association observed, "the economic
staying power of the allies would
again appear to be greater than that
of Germany"
Evening star., 1939-10-16

eighty. The Firms are resisting any
claims which would tend to make
her a virtual Soviet protectorate, as
IN the cases Of Latvia, Estonia and
Luthiania.
The sinking of the British battle
ship Royal Oak by German sub
marine, with the drowning of close
to 300 men and the destruction of
three merchant ships, was followed
this morning by another sensational
report.
Repulse Reported Hit.
The German supreme command
announced that the same submarine
which sunk the Royal Oak had reg
istered torpedo hit on the British
battle cruiser Repulse, putting her
out OF action. The Repulse is a
bigger ship than the Royal Oak.
While the sinking of the ancient
Royal Oak in itself doesn't seriously
threaten the British blockade, the
fact that the Germans have tor
pedoes powerful enough to sink
battleship must cause concern to the
British admiralty. That would ap-
pear to represent a new develop
ment in'naval warfare.
The sinking of further merchant
shipping, coupled with the expecta-
ton of German air raids on ships
In English ports, is a matter of
equal concern.
Britain herself is dependent on
imports for IS per cent of her food
stuffs. Should these supplies be cut
on, as the Germans are trying to
do, she would be in desperate way.
Evening star., 1939-10-16
The War in Europe--Doy by Day
Reichs UBoot Campaign Takes Sensational Squirt
As Firms and Turks Slow Down Soviet Drive

Diplomatic quarters in Moscow be-
lieved Turkey might sign a cautious
agreement. acceding to Russia's de-
mands that belligerent warships be
prevented from passing through the
Dardanelles. This is aimed ct the
Anglo-French allies and would cut
them off from Rumania.
Beyond that, however, authorita-
tive quarters in Istanbul said Turkey
had refused to recognize the parti-
ton of Poland, the creation of a
Russo-German neutral block in the
Balkans and expansion of Russia
and Bulgaria by taking territory
from Rumania.
Turkey also is said to have an
nounced that she would join the
Anglo-French allies If Italy should
side with Germany.
Fears Italian Expansion.
The point of this is that Turkeys
whole inclination is to play with
England and France. She is afraid
OF the spread of Soviet influence in
the Balkans, afraid of Germany, and
perhaps more afraid of what she
regards as Italian ambitions for
territorial expansion in Asia Minor.
Meantime, Russia was reported to
be massing troops on the borders of
Turkey and Iran "a report which
the Soviet has denied) and the
situation was delicate.
What demands Russia has made
on little Finland remain a secret,
but Finland is said to fear demands
which will trespasS on her sover-
Evening star., 1939-10-16
RepuIse
Continued From First Page }

still was inactive with only minor
sklrmlsheS and artillery fire
The communique said the French
had been forced by floods to aban-
don a small fortifcation along the
Rhine River.
While awaiting the commander
detailed report, authorized sources
said they believed the submarine
| must have torpedoed the Repulse
about the same time or certainly in
connection with the same action
which sank the Royal Oak.
Wave Of Enthusiasm.
The report on the Repulse, COM
ing on the heels of the sinking of
the Royal Oak, brought new wave
| OF enthusiasm over Berlin, particu-
larly in official quarters.
Strangers were accosting each
other on the streets with the re-
mark. Have you heard?" This was
usually followed with, "Thatll sure
ly get on the Britishers' nerves
Britannia no longer rules the
waves"
Some officials said a simple Iron
| Cross would not be enough to honor
the submarine commander and pre-
dicted he would get something
better.
The communique reporting sub
marine attack on the Repulse briefly
said:
"As reported by the supreme army
command the same U-boat which
sank the British battleship Royal
Oak severely damaged the battleship
(sic) Repulse through torpedo hit
and put it out of commission
German news broadcasts began
with a reading of the communique
and then were interrupted with a
recording of the. German bluejack-
cts wartime song Of When We Sail
Towards England"
Hitler Sees Military Chiefs.
At the, chancellery, one Limousine
after another full of generals and
admirals arrived. While officials
said it was nothing unusual for Hit
Ter to confer with military leaders
the meeting at this psychological
momnt seemed significant. A large
group of enthusiastic citizens gath
cred in the hope the Fuehrer would
appear on the balcony.
The submarine report so far over
Shadowed everything else that even
foreign correspondents failed to pre-
sent the usual budget of inquiries at
press conferences.
Questions regarding Turkeys posi-
ton were again answered to the
effect that her proposed agreement
with Soviet Russia is the cardinal
point in her relations with foreign
nations.
Meanwhile, reports Of an air raid
by enemy aircraft Saturday night
following the firing of anti-aircraft
guns protecting Berlin were ex-
planned in an official statement
which said the shooting was caused
by the appearance of a German air.
plane which had lost its way in
the darkness.
Officials said the batteries on the
ground were unable to make out the
nationality of the plane and shot il
down when it flew over forbidden
areas. The pilot, however, escaped
by parachute, they reported.
Evening star., 1939-10-16
BY DE WITT MACKENZIE,
Associated Press Staff Writer.


The European upheaval has pro-
duced two important developments
over the week end.
The f1rst is the rather sensational
squirt of the German submarine
campaign. which may signal fresh
U-boat offensive to try to break the
British naval blockade and to cut
off England's own food supplies by
destruction of merchant shipping.
The other is the slowing down, at
least temporarily, of the Russian
drive for domination of Eastern Eu-
rope and the Balkans. This has
been due to the resolute resistance
of Finland on the north and Turkey
on the south to what are reported as
sweeping Soviet demands.
Both Finland and Turkey repre-
sent powerful strategic points in the
Soviet scheme for overlordShip of
the vast territory reaching from the
Baltic to the Eastern Mediterranean
Domination of Finland would give
Russia control of the Baltic area and
provide a powerful position for
either defensive or offensive meas
ureS in relation to Western Europe.
Control of Dardanelles Vital.
Control of Turkey, and conse-
quently of the all-important Darda-
nelles which are the gateway to the
Black Sea, would make Russia pretty
we'll master of the eastern end of the
Medlterranean-a vigorous chal-
lenge to Britain, France, Italy and
Germany.
Evening star., 1939-10-16
Supreme Court
Continued From First Page.)

milk area. The indictments in this
case were thrown out in Federal
District Court in Chicago by Judge
Charles E. Woodward in sustaining
a defense demurrer. The court de-
clared that the Secretary of Agri-
culture was empowered adequately
to prevent or regulate the acts
charged in all four counts of the
milk indictment.
Named in Milk Bill.
Among those named in the milk
bill were DR.. Herman N. Bundesen,
president of the Chicago Board of
Health, the Associated Milk Dealers
Inc, which is the bargaining agency
OF the major Chicago distributors,
and the Pure Milk Association, the
sales and bargaining agency for
more than 10000 milk farmers in
the Middle West.
The rail labor case is of particu-
lar interest in view of the possible
effects it might have on future
consolidation arrangements. In
nothing probable jurisdiction, the
court set 1T for argument Novem-
Der 6.
The case involved a proposal of
the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific
to lease the Chicago. Rock Island &
Gulf, both lines being in receiver
ship. AS prerequisite to approval
OF the arrangement, the Interstate
Commerce Commission said that
employees effected would have to be
guaranteed against financial loss,
and the railroads protesting declared
that this would entail an expendi-
ture of nearly 100000. A three
judge district court in the Federal
District of Illinois said the COM
mission could not impose such con-
ditions and the Government ap-
pealed. :
In the other case the Federal
Circuit Court at New York ruled
that the Labor Board was the proper
body to prosecute charges of con-
tempt charged by utility workers if
any contempt had been committed.
The Amalgamated charged that
Consolidated Edison had coerced its
employees into joining the Interna-
tlonal Brotherhood of Electrical
Workers, an affiliate of the A. F..
of L.
Evening star., 1939-10-16
Court Rules Fraser
No Longer Is Attorney
For {. B. Mclean
Former Publishers
Insonity Declared
Governing Foctor

George B. Fraser, attorney who
handled the legal affairs Of Edward
B. Mclean, former Washington
publisher, for many years, no longer
represents him, the United States
Court of Appeals ruled today.
District Court, through Justice
Bolitha J. Laws, acted on motion
Of Attorney Neil Burkinshaw, an
cillary committee of the person and
estate of Mr.. Mclean, to strike the
answer filed by Mr.. Fraser in pro-
ceedings there, granted the motion
and denied the right of Mr.. Fraser
to represent the former publisher.
Mr.. Mclean is confined to an in
stitution for the mentally infirm.
If Mr.. Mclean is sane, the repu-
diation by him of Mr.. Fraser's
services disposes of the lawyers
claim to represent him, the appel
liant court held today. If Mr.. Nc
Lean is insane "his insanity has
ended any authority which he may
ever have given to Fraser" asserted
the tribunal.
1T follows that whatever Nc
Leans condition may be in law or
In fact, Fraser does not represent
him. said the court, adding that
"Fraser's lack of authority appears
on the face Of the record"
Evening star., 1939-10-16
Five D. G. Chemists Get
Chemical Society Posts.

Five Washington chemists have
been elected to administrative and
editorial posts in the American
Chemical Society, DR.. Charles L.
Parsons. secretary, announced today.
They are:
DR.. James F. Couch, Pathological
Division, Bureau of Animal Industry,
Department Of Agriculture, named
head Of the s0ciety's Division of
History Of Chemistry.
G. G. Sward of the National Paint,
Varnish and Lacquer Association,
Inc, chairman-elect Of the Division
Of Paint and Varnish Chemistry.
Or. G. E. F. Lundell, Division of
Chemistry, United States Bureau OF
Standards, vice chairman of the
Division Of Microchemistry.
DR.. Herbert G. Calvery, Food and
Drug Administration, Department of
Agriculture, secretary-treasure of
the Division of Biological Chemistry.
DR.. c. S. Hudson, National In
stitute of Health, associate editor of
the Journal of the American
Chemical Society for 5-year term.
Evening star., 1939-10-16
i. ). Crime Problems
Studied at Meetinq
Of Peno|ogists
Steadily Improving Parole
Record in New York
Is Reported
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press
NEW YORK, Oct. 16.-Eight hum
dred correction officials from all
parts Of the Nation met here today
for the high point of the psychological
professions year, the Congress of
the American Prison Association.
The meeting opened five days of
discussion groups, sympoSia and
breakfast, luncheon and dinner ses-
sions of the outstanding criminolo-
gifts, prison wardens. parole and pro-
baton commissioners and medical
and psychiatric officers of A States
and several foreign countries on the
Nations crime problem.
A major crime every % seconds:
Five hundred thousand arrests a
year;
An estimated annual cost of s15.-
0O0,000,O00..
A high light of the opening session
was a report on behalf of the much
disputed institution of parole by
Chairman James J. Canavan of the
New York State Parole Board.
A study of New York paroles in
the far from favorable" year OF
1884, he said in his prepared address,
showed that of 2,257 PAROLES, 642 per
cent had made good on parole" in
the ensuing five years, while another
1873 per cent were returned to prison
before probable lapses into criminal
behavior making total of 82.5 per
cent who were not convicted of any
offense while on parole.
The record looks even better, he
said, by comparison with that of
prisoners released only at the legal
termination of their sentences, who
scored "a much higher degree of fail
ure."
They were under supervision for
only the time they had earned off
their sentences by the legislative al
loWances for good behavior in pris-
on" Mr.. Canavan said. "Yet, only
55.3 per cent kept their supervision
agreements. About 25 per cent were
convicted of new felonies or misde-
meanors, as compared with IT'S per
SSiie VI HdI OlCCo.
He pointed also to steadily i'm
proving parolee crime rate in the
period since 1884, during which pa
role officers and appropriations have
been increased and studies intensi-
fied-211 parolee felonies in 1895, 179
in 1886, 163 in 1887, and 120 in 1898.
On the problem of interpreting
probation to the public, Irving Hal
perm, chief New York City General
Sessions Court probation officer,
praised newspapers for their Coop
GRAFTON in respecting necessarily
confidential history material,
and urged that probation adminis-
traitors adopt realistic approach to
controlled publicity through all the
media available" since "the conven-
lent expedient of official alooffness
and secrecy cannot help but invite
and justify suspicion and criti-
cism. ~
While newspapers "only too often
err in romanticizing criminals and
"have paid criminals for transpar-
emily self-serving life stories," he
said, "the newspaper is the finest
avenue of approach to the public
conscience"
Evening star., 1939-10-16
Finland
Continued From First paee.)

ministry about an hour, then went
to the Office of Prime Minister Aimo
Kaarlo Cajander, where it was un-
derstood he would hold a more de-
tailed discussion with assembled
heads of the government.
Returning to Helsinki with Paasi-
kivi were Finland's Minister to Mos
COW, Baron Aarno S. Yrjo-Koskinen,
and various foreign Office technical
experts who accompanied the mis-
sion to the Soviet capital.
1t was believed unlikely that DR..
Paasikivi would return to Moscow
until after the conference Wednes-
day at Stockholm of representatives
from Sweden, Denmark, Norway and
Finland.
Silent Reception.
DR.. Paasikivi's reception at the
Helsinki station contrasted sharply
with his departure for Moscow last
week, when crowds sang the national
anthem and the patriotic hymn.
Our Land Shall Never Bend Before
Foreign Tyrant."
The silence remained unbroken as
Paasikivi walked to waiting auto
mobile between his wife and Prime
Minister Cajander.
The ENJOYS face relaxed in a faint
smile as he stepped into the car to be
driven to a hotel before proceeding
to the foreign Office to meet Foreign
Minister Erkko and other officials.
= There was no official indication of
the nature of the proposals which
DR.. Paasikivi brought, but the lack
of street demonstrations indicated
Firms regarded the situation as the
most serious crisis the republic had
faced in the 81 years of its existence.
Hastens Preparations.
Finland, meanwhile, continued to
hasten preparations to meet any
eventuality and back up her ex-
pressed determination to resist any
pressure threatening her independ-
ence.
Organization of industrial firms
was undertaken today to guarantee
corporations compensation up to IS
per cent Of losses resulting from
war emergency conditions. The COM
pensation would be applicable to
property not covered by insurance.
All strategic bridges and buildings
were guarded heavily, and uniformed
men appeared in streets of principal
cities in increasing numbers.
Reserves were being mustered in
Helsinki and the surrounding dis
trict. Many restaurants were devot-
ing half of their facilities to feed
ing the troops.
Evening star., 1939-10-16
HiIIeI Extension Unit
Formed at u. of Nd.

Establishment of an extension of
B'nai Birth Hillel Foundation at
the University of Maryland was an
nounced today by Henry Idonsky,
president of B'nai Birth and chair
man of the National Hillel Com
mission.
The extension program includes
II other colleges and universities.
Mr.. Monsky estimated that 5000
additional students would benefit by
the new extension of the Hillel pro-
gram.
The chairman said negotiations
for establishment of extension units
in 10 additional schools are expected
to be completed in time to extend
the program to them by the second
semester of the college year.
Evening star., 1939-10-16
Free British Opinion
Quick 10 Criticize
Conduct Of War
Press Takes Government
To Task for Homperirg
Trade Processes
3y the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
LONDON, Oct. 16.-The citizen in
this monarchy apparently is free to
grumble as much as he pleases over
industrial and business regimenta-
ton in the wartime setup.
Although official censors keep out
Of print any news that might be re-
garded as of military value to the
enemy, expression of opinion is
without official check.
The sharp tax increases which
have boosted the basic income tax
rate to 371a per cent have brought
some criticism, but the general tenor
OF most editorial objections has been
that new regulations might hamper
ordinary trade processes.
Confidence for Business Urged.
Give traders confidence" the in
nuential Times urged frankly in an
editorial which declares that "the
government needs to tax and for
the yield of taxation it must look to
turnover and incomes and profits"
Naturally, the main impression
by the newspapers is enthusiasm for
the cause of the western allies and
whole-hearted support for the gov
ernment. Hitler can't win" is a fire.
quent headline.
But the press is quick to scold
offlclaldom on anything considered
likely to hurt business unduly. An
example is Daily Mail editorial
headlined "Stranglehold" which
takes Chancellor of the Excheauer
Sir John Simon to task on the fiscal
program under which he proposes to
raise f997 900, 900 Cnearly $4,000, ,00O,-
OOO) by taxation this year.
How can he hope to get it when
the entire trade of the country is
being gravely damaged by hasty, i'll
considered bureaucratic meddling?"
the Mail asks.
bureaucratic" BOttlenecks.
The rush to control gasoline oil,
coal, iron, steel, food and leather
has created bureaucratic bottlenecks
through which industry's essential
supplies trickle with the maximum
delay" the Mail editorial said.
The wholesale seizure of hotels
has put 10000 people out of work.
Because of the petrol restrictions
10000 commercial travellers are be-
Ing driven out of their jobs"
A moving picture columnist IN the
Express spoke of dismay among
film producers because President
Oliver Stanley of the Board of Trade
commanders 20 of Britain's 26 film
studios and threatens to scrap his
films quota act" under which i'm
ports of films are regulated.
Any angle of the conduct of the
war which fails to suit a British
newspaper seemingly can be criti-
cized without restraint.
Evening star., 1939-10-16
Congress
Continued From First Page.)

Congress in session came from foes
of arms embargo repeal Many of
those who want to end the session
when neutrality debate is out of the
way added that they would not op-
pose staying here if the admins
tration or majority in Congress
believed it necessary.
Preferences Listed.
These are the Senators who ex-
pressed a preference for a recess
between sessions:
Republicans-Austin of Vermont,
Gibson of Vermont, McNary of Ore
gon, Holman of Oregon, Tobey of
New Hampshire and White of Maine.
Democrats-Bailey of North Caro-
lima, Bankhead of Alabama, Barkley
of Kentucky, Bilbo of Mississippi,
Brown of Michigan, Byrnes of South
Carolina, CaraWay of Arkansas,
Clark of Idaho, Connally of Texas,
Ellender of Louisiana, Gillette of
Iowa, Glass of Virginia, Green of
Rhode Island, Guffey of Pennsyl-
vania, Hatch of New Mexico, Hayden
OF Arizona, Herring of Iowa, Hill of
Alabama, Hughes of Delaware, King
of Utah, Lee of Oklahoma, Lucas of
Illinois, McKellar of Tennessee, Mead
of New York, Miller of Arkansas,
Minton of Indiana, Murray of Mon
tana, Nicely of West Virginia, Pepper
of Florida, Pittman of Nevada, Rad
cliffe of Maryland, Schwartz of
Wyoming, Schwellenbach of Wash
ington, Smathers of New Jersey,
Stewart of Tennessee, Thomas of
Utah, Tydings of Maryland, Van
Nuys of Indiana and Wagner of New
York.
Independent-Norris of Nebraska.
These members advocated a con-
tinuous session:
Republicans = Borah of Idaho,
Bridges of New Hampshire, Capper
OF Kansas, Davis of Pennsylvania,
Gurney of South Dakota, johnson
of California, Taft of Ohio, Town
send of Delaware. Vandenberg of
Michigan and Wiley Of Wisconsin.
Democrats-Burke of Nebraska,
Chavez of New Mexico, Clark of
Missouri, George of Georgia, Gerry
of Rhode Island, Holt of West
Virginia, johnson of Colorado,
Maloney of Connecticut, Reynolds
of North Carolina, Slattery of Illi-
nois, Thomas of Oklahoma and
Wheeler of Montana.
Progressive-La Toilette of Wis
consin.
mer-Labor-Lundeen of Min
nesota.
Evening star., 1939-10-16
French Children Return
ToSchooI 2Weeks Late
BY the Associated / fcss.

By the Associated fcss.
PARIS, Oct. 16.-French children
went back to school today with gas
masks added to their traditional bags
of pencils, papers and books.
Glasses began this morning in
many cities and towns after delay
from the normal october l reopening
because of the war.
Enrollments in Paris high schools,
however, were limited to the num-
ber their 500 air raid shelters could
accommodate.
Evening star., 1939-10-16
Betu Theto Pi to Elect
Officers Wednesday

Election and installation of new
officers of the Washington organiza-
ton of the Beta Theta ri Fraternity
will take place at 6 pm. Wednesday
at the Lafayette Hotel, George H.
Baldwin, president, announced to-
day.
Stanley Hornbeck will discuss
plans for the centenary convention
of the national fraternity.
Evening star., 1939-11-16
Transfer Of Hospital
Jurisdiction Opposed

The proposed transfer Of munich
pal hospitals from the supervision
of the Health Department to the
Board of Public Welfare was strong
ly opposed by the Dahlgren Terrace
Citizens Association at a meeting
last night in Crosby S. Noyes School
The Executive Committee, after
thoroughly studying the change, de-
cided the present system was better
suited for the purpose.
j. P. Cahill, president of the as
sociation, urging members to carry
on an active campaign for District
representation, said: I'VE can only
except scraps that fall from the table
until we get this representation. All
persons in the District are being
taxed with no representation and I
urge you to carry this matter to all
whom it may concern"
The associations plan to have a
boys club sponsored by the Metro