davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-12-29

Rev. DR.. Charles A. Hart Of Catholic
University discussed the subject Of
"The Church and State" over Sta
ton VOL early this afternoon, and
at l0:45 o'clock tonight Prof. Francis
E. Mcmahon of Notre Dame was to
speak over Station WRC on the sub
ject "The Philosophy Of. the State" T"
Broader knowledge Urged.
Another speaker at the dinner last
night was the Rev. DR.. William p.
O'Connor Of st. Francis Seminary,
Milwaukee, who said that philoso-
pliers should supply political prac-
titioners' with broader knowledge
Of ethics and morality.
He declared politicians need "sufh-
cient knowledge Of basic truths to
comprehend the fundamental impli-
cations Of the problems they attempt
to solve"
Evening star., 1939-12-29
Catholic Philosophical
Association Sessions
Are Ending Today
IrrotionuIism Hit
At Banquet as Cause
Of World Crises

Some 300 visiting educators this
afternoon were closing the 18th an
nual meeting Of the Catholic Phil
osophical Association at Catholic
University with round-table discus
sions on the subjects of "the phi
losophy of law and government, ="
the public control of private prop
erty," and metaphysics"
At the annual dinner last night
in graduate dining hall, the Right
Rev. Joseph M. Corrigan, rector of
the University, extended greetings
to the visiting delegates in behalf of
the university.
500 Banquet Guests.
The Right Rev. Fulton j. Sheen of
the university told some 500 banquet
guests that irrationalism, or the
ascendance of action over ideas, is
one OF the causes of the present
world crises. Modern politics are
unpredictable, he said, because Of
revolutions without programs.
The guest speaker was the Rev.
Martin c. Darcy of Fordham Uni
versity, who said he found hope
for a more humanized philosophy
because masses of people are
stirred by the presence of evil in
the world"
Two radio broadcasts were sched-
uled from the conference today. The
Evening star., 1939-12-29

operations against Finland, such as
last nights: There we're no events
Of importance at the front Decem-
Der 28.''
Direct censorship was abolished
last May when newspapermen no
longer were required to submit their
dispatches first to censors at the
foreign Office.
Between that time and the re-
imposition of outright censorship
yesterday the news accounts went
out without the touch of the censors
pencil, but were checked after
publication by Russian embassies
and legations abroad. Moscow cor
respondents who sent anything
which displeased the Soviet govern
ment were quickly called to task.
The Russian press has been en-
phasizing its displeasure over British,
French and American treatment OF
Soviet news and has been quick to
attack offending newspapers.
Elected to Leningrad Soviet.
While Gen. Meretskof seemed to
have lost favor as military strate-
gist, he was elected to the Lenin-
grad local Soviet two days after the
date given for his report on the
operations against Finland.
Gen Stern is one of Joseph Stains
youngest generals. He was deco
rated with the Order of the Red
Banner for his command of the
First Primorsk Army in the MONTH
long fighting with Japan at Chang
kufeng, at the junction of the Ko-
rean, Manchukuoan and Siberian
borders.
A truce ended the Changkufeng
war on August II, 1898, and Gen.
Stern was replaced in the Far East.
There were reports that he had
been transferred perhaps to Outer
Mongolia, where four months of bor-
der fighting, again with Japanese
Manchukuoan troops, was ended by
a truce last September.
Gen. Stern is not yet 40 years old.
He is a son of Jewish doctor in
Crimea.
Evening star., 1939-12-29
Red Hero Reported
Named 10 Lead
Finnish Invasion
Gen. Stern Declared
Chosen as Successor
To Meretskoff
BY the Associated Press.

by tne Associated PrcSS.
MOSCOW, Dec. 29.-Soviet Russia,
whose communiques on the Finnish
campaign of late have been of the
nothing g-important-t to-report variety,
has switched generals and renewed
rigid censorship of foreign news dis
patches.
Gen. G. M. Stern, hero of Russia S
"vest-pocket" war of 1888 with
Japanese -Manchukuoan forces, was
reliably reported chosen as chief of
the Leningrad military district and
of a reinforced Red Army to fight
Finland.
Gen. K. A. Meretskoff, former
commander, was said to have been
called on the carpet December %
to explain the lack of impressive
successes in the invasion. His dis
missal as head of the Finnish drive
was said to have followed.
Pre-Transmission Censorship.
Apparently indicating the Krem-
Inns dissatisfaction with foreign
news reports. especially those re-
ceiving prominence in British,
French and American newspapers,
the commissariat of foreign affairs
announced imposition of pre-trans-
mission censorship of dispatches as
of yesterday morning.
Some foreign dispatches have ex-
panded on the cryptic Russian COM
muniqueS of the last few days on
Evening star., 1939-12-29
Il {. {. B|ames Track
Iampering in Wreck
OF Stream|iner )
City Of San Francisco
Held Not Exceeding
so Miles an Hour
BY the Associated Press.

0y The ASSoCIAteu TTeSS.
The Interstate Commerce Com
mission reported today that mali
cious tampering" with the tracks
caused the derailment of the South
ern Paciflcs streamline train City
of San Francisco" near Harney,
Nev... August II. Nine passengers
and is dining car employees were
killed in the crash.
In addition, 80 passengers and
IA employees were injured.
The commission said that the
evidence showed the train was not
moving in excess of the maximum
authorized speed of 60 miles an hour
when it was derailed.
1.-The train was riding smoothly
and there was no indication of de-
fective equipment" the commission
said.
Prior to arrival at the point OF
derailment the track was struc-
turally sound, maintained in excel
lent condition, and the automatic
block signals were displaying proper
indications.
upon entering the curve on which
the accident occurred. the engine
man saw an object about 300 feet
distant, which later was found to
be tumbleweed, lying on the south
or high rail of the curve. When
the train reached that point the
front truck became derailed and the
engineman thought that rock had
been struck.
"SubSequent examination of the
track disclosed that on the south
rail the angle bars had been re-
moved from a joint located 1895
feet east of Bridge MOI 518,O54 and
the angle bars, bolts, nuts and tight
lock washers were lying adjacent
to the disconnected rail. Apparently
wrench had been used to remove
the nuts, as none of the bolts was
cut or broken"
Report Signed by Mills.
The commission did not attempt
to say who might have been re-
sponsible. The report was signed by
S. N. Mills, director of the I. C. c.
Bureau of Safety.
The commission said the investi-
cation developed that the receiving
rail, after being freed by the re-
moval of the angle bars and spikes,
was pushed over by means of either
a journal jack or track bar. It
added:
1T is probable that the former
was used, as a jack was recovered
from the river bed near the scene
OF the accident
About three hours intervened be-,
tween the passage of the last prior
train, the report said, adding that
tests developed that only a COM
paratively short time was required
to dlsconnect rail joint, draw the
spikes and realign a rail-
The cars involved in the accident
were constructed, for the most part,
of aluminium alloy. They were de-
signed and constructed in accord
ance with the requirements of the
Post Office Departments specifica-
tions for railway mail cars.
ANY attempt to draw conclusions
as to what might have occurred had
standard all-steel passenger cars
been involved in this accident would
be purely conjectural and specula-
tive" the I. c. c. said.
Evening star., 1939-12-29
President Open 10 Peace
Talks With All Churches
By the Associated Press.

President Roosevelt said today
that if leaders of Protestant groups
which are not members of the Fed
eral Council of Churches of Christ,
wished to talk to him about pro-
noting peace, he would be glad to
see them.
After his designation of Myron c.
Taylor as his personal representative
to the Vatican for purposes of work
ing toward peace, Mr. Roosevelt
conferred with a leader of the coun-
Gil and leader of the Jewish faith.
There are, however, four large
protestant groups which do not
have full membership in the council,
Mr.. Roosevelt explained. These
are the Southern Baptists with A.
100000 members, Southern Presby-
terians with 100000, Lutherans with
100000 and the Episcopalians,
whose membership he could not re-
CALL In addition, he continued,
there are many smaller denomina-
tions which are not affiliated.
If any of their leaders wish to
come in and talk with him, he said,
he would be glad to receive them
although he hoped that they might
be able to keep in touch with him
through the Federal Council.
Evening star., 1939-12-29

Losses in War at Sea


The following box lists warfare losses reported sin
Evening star., 1939-12-29
Firms AnnihiIute Red Patrol
Of 800 Near Kemijiorvi
Russians Twice Thworted in Attempt to
Capture Strategic Arctic Rood

days, when they must undress in the
snow.
This army is no uniformed
army. 1t wears anything it gets and
anything it likes, so long as it is
warm. So much clothing must be
worn here that the men look like
small mountains, with every part of
the body covered.
Daylight lasts two hours, in which
time the sun paints everything
blood-red and puts red curtain over
the sky which is very beautiful
During daylight there is occasional
air activity. Wednesday a Russian
bomber flew over our hut, bombing
it and diving and machines cunning,
but all of us ducked into the snow
and no one was hurt and there was
no damage. The plane turned back,
for visibility was nil When an
enemy plane approaches, everybody
opens fire with everything they
have-Russian rifles, foWling pieces
and even field pieces. 1t takes
brave man to dive low in the face of
such fire.
Four o'clock in the afternoon,
when it is pitch dark or there is
some moonlight, is the best time for
moving up troops secretly, and this
is dangerous time.
Many Found Wandering.
I had a ride in white motor
car to one of the more advanced
positions. 1t moved slowly and
quietly, but even so it attracted fire
from the Russians in the woods. In
many places patrolling Firms have
found lost and half-froZen Russians
wandering hopelessly in the woods,
cut off from their main base, and
guerrilla bands shooting reindeer
and gradually dying in the cold. A
captain in our unit told me that
he often found three or four dead
Russians around the ashes of a fire.
They had frozen there in their
sleep. Lying for IS minutes in this
cold, even if a man is only slightly
wounded. means he will be frozen
stiff. Actually few wounded survive
in this war here, for only those with
slight wounds to the hands and face
can get back to first aid or hoSpi-
tai base.
Yesterday another snowfall start
ed. The Firms expect the snow to
last for month more and hold
up the Russians. Whether it lasts
is in the hands of Providence, but
the snow yesterday prevented a dar-
ing raid when two Russian planes
left their lines obviously to bomb
Kemijarvi and Rovaniemi. Both
planes were forced down, but the
flyers escaped before the Firms were
able to reach the spot. The Firms
are now placing hope on the
weather to help beat off attacks
for the next six weeks.
Word reached us yesterday that
Norwegian and Danish ambulances
have arrived at Kemijarvi.
Evening star., 1939-12-29
Finland
Continued From First Page


long-range gun which had been
blasting Viipuri, Finland's second
city, Is miles from the eastern end
of the Karelian Isthmus front.
Viipuri, largely abandoned by its
$4,000 inhabitants, had been under
almost constant aerial and land
bombardment for a week. Helsinki
had an air raid alarm for 40 minutes
yesterday, but no planes were
sighted
Yesterdays army communique re-
ported also that Finnish airmen,
aside from reconnaissance flights,
made attacks on the enemy's rear,
on both sides of the frontier
A small garrison of coast artil-
lerymen were reported holding fast
to batteries at Koivisto, on the Gulf
of Finland, although apparently out
f1anked by the Russian advance
into the Karelian Isthmus, original
point of the invasion, and heavily
shelled by Russian Warships.
Finnish coastal batteries, probably
including the Koivisto guns, actually
were said to be aiding Finnish land
operations, turning their guns from
the sea toward the Russians 18TH
mus line as occasion demanded.
Holding Ground After Month.
With the main Finnish line, the
Mannerheim defenses, still unbrok-
en- in the isthmus, north of Lenin-
grad, and with varying success in
checking or turning back the in
vaders in other sectors, Finland at
the end of a month of war appeared
to be holding her ground.
The greatest Russian advance had
been in. the Petsamo region, but this
was rolled back, with tremendous
losses to the Russians Cold, con-
gealing the oil in Soviet tanks and
other motorized equipment and
freezing the Red soldiers in their
portable shelters, was Finland's ally.
Evening star., 1939-12-29
Ohio Soup Kitchen Plea
Given to Harrington
Ey the Associated Press.

Ey the Associated Press.
A request that Federal soup kitch-
ems be sent to feed the needy in
Athens County, Ohio, President
Roosevelt said today, would be
turned owed to COL F. G. Harring-
ton, w. P. A. director, for investiga-
ton.
Leaders of 6,252 needy persons in
the county sent the President
telegram yesterday, asking for soup
kitchens. The President said he had
not yet received the wire.
Last week he asserted that soup
kitchens would be brought into use
whenever it was necessary to keep
people from starving.
Evening star., 1939-12-29

Includes deaths vessels damaged sunk.
Evening star., 1939-12-29
Archbishop Cicognani
Makes Donation 10
Finnish Relief Fund
Apostolic Delegates
Gift Is Personal; Louds
Dr.. Walsh for Drive

The Most Rev. Amleto Cicognani,
the apolistic delegate, has made a
personal donation of an unnamed
sum of money to DR.. Edmund j..
Walsh, 8. j., as chairman of the
Washington Unit of the Finnish
Relief Fund, Inc, it was announced
today. In a letter to Father Walsh,
Archbishop Cicognani wrote:
II wish to congratulate you on
the new and important task of
charity entrusted to you on behalf
of suffering Finland, and I am hap
py to send. here enclosed, personal
donation for relief of the civilian
population OF that country"
Calls at Legation.
Father Walsh, the vice president
of Georgetown University, called on
the apostolic delegate yesterday at
the legation on Massachusetts, ave-
nue. NV. and reported:
Expressing deep sympathy with
the suffering civilian population OF
Finland, his eXcellency stated that
he desired to do his part in this
humanitarian movement. He in
quired with much detail about the
organization of the fund, and eX-
pressed particular interest in learn
ing that it had been organized by
experienced relief workers who had
administered Belgian and Russian
relief, the two greatest charitable
missions in modern history"
DR.. Walsh was associated with
Archbishop Cicognani in past years
in relief and welfare work in the
Near East, and he served, as well,
as the director of the Vatican Re-
lief Mission to Russia in 1922. Mil
ton M. Brown, executive secretary
of the Washington unit of the fund,
was an original member of the
Committee for Relief in Belgium,
which functioned during and after
the World War.
A downtown Office for the Wash
ington unit of the Finnish Relief
Fund, Inc, has been opened in room
425, Transportation Building, Re-
public 6O66. The office has been
donated and furnished by the
friends of Finland.
Contributions Reach S409.
Today at the office of The Evening
Star total of s29O5O was added to
the Finnish relief fund by sub
scribers to this newspaper. This
sum, added to a previously acknowl-
edged list, places the moneys turned
in to The Star at the grand total
of $409.
Following is the list of contribu-
Evening star., 1939-12-29
Swedish Doctors, Nurses
Join Finnish Red Cross

STOCKHOLM, Dec. 20 P.-One
hundred doctors, 100 nurses and
some dentists and veterinarians
have been signed in Sweden for
service in the Finnish Red Cross
and are departing for Helsinki soon.
In addition a Swedish ambulance
unit with a personnel of $50, includ-
ing 20 doctors, is scheduled to depart
soon.
Evening star., 1939-12-29

EVIDENCE OF WRECK-The Interstate Commerce Commission
in of the Bureau Safety
City of San Francisco at Harney Nev August 12 1885,
caused by malicious tampeng with track This picture
published with the report shows the second tie above the
misplaced tie plate and the spikes which displaced
rail spiked down out of ne and the first e the lack
of inside spikes which the commission found had been delb
erately removed from nine crosses The photograph shows
driven into the first tie spikes which fulcrum
for the lever jack which pushed the misplaced rail inward
shows also the electric signal bond wires still place. that
the signal would not show danger.
The Coolidge examiner., 1939-06-29

Some time ago the Townsend plan took terrific
beating in Congress-the vote about three to one
against it But that doesn't end the social security contro-
versy by long shot. The Administrators plan for
beraizng the present act details of which now
known seems assured Of passage.
The plan calls for starting payment of oldage bene-
fits the first day Of next year, instead of waiting two
years longer and benefits to be iberazed Benefits
for widows and orphans proposed. However, the in
in the payroll tax also scheduled for next year. is
to be delayed until 1943.
Congress is apparently convinced that the principle
of large fund salient feature of the acts as
originally enacted is unsound Sentiment to favor
fund of only moderate size the
go plan
In the meantime, economists wondering just how
well be able to meet rising old age fund assessments
Next it estimated that the fund will spend $88 OOO
600 in benefits Five years from it will spend $713,-
OOOOO0-and 20 from now, $4,000 900 00O The
perts figure that will than outgo until
1855 Then outgo will take the upper hand, and the
serve fund will start to shrink.
There Is likelihood that the program will eventually
be partly subsidized from general tax revenues, say
acuaries as payroll tax of almost 10 per would
needed to pay the BILL and this would be heavy burden
for WORKER and employer to carry.
The Coolidge examiner., 1939-06-29
NON-POLITICAL FARM RFLIEF

The farm problem is essentially problem of ncreas-
ing agriculture,s cash income Government has been
wrestling with that problem for many years 1t has passed
scores of farm relief bills And every one of them has
been more or less failure
Today, among thinking farmers the value of agri-
cultural legislation is being heavily discounted Such legis-
atlon necessary transitory is the product often
political deals dominated by special interests the
result that the farmer looking less to Washington for
aid-and more to his organizations
The growth Of the cooperative marketing organiza-
hon furnishes evidence of this They have grown remark
ably in membershp-and, important they have
grown in Influence They gradually increasing agr
cultures income by using sound business principles their
toos-something political farm relief has failed to do
The Coolidge examiner., 1939-06-29
"NATIONAL NEUROSIS"

In article written for Life entitled, The American
Destiny Walter Lpmann says: They (the American peo-
ple have let themselves be persuaded that in phase
of their activity they threatened by the expansion of
their power and it, that they must with
draw, retreat fence in baten down, plow UNDER work
less, save less, invent less, and risk nothing"
This is natural result of definite government
policy. Politicians and public officials the country over
for number of years have preached insidous doctrine
of destruction Private business and individual initiative
have been attacked until many people regard any
form of private enterprise in a derogatory light.
Consider the position of Americas chain store organi
zations-whIch outstanding examples of efficient
distribution methods by modern business Because the
chains efficient the politicians tell the public that they
are dangerous and too big With this argument, they
have succeeded levyng excessive punitive and class
taxes against hen at the expense of millions of
The chains are comparatively minor cog in the
social and economic wheel of America but their plight
serves to illustrate the national neuross of which Mr.
Lpmann speaks that has curbed expansion
The Coolidge examiner., 1939-06-29

ner. If he seems to be less concerned
about resounding phrases like Amer
lcas destiny IN the world than some
others are. that's because he's so pas
Sionately anxious TO see America be
Iieve in itself He's convinced of the
durability Of democracy as a wav OF
fe for tn American people He
knows that any danger democracy
faces in the United States comes not
from without bu from within wher
people grow careless indifferent
tired
Mr. Garner is no nineteenth cen
tury free trader He believes in pro
lection for American farmers. for
American industry He believes tina,
he concentration of fnaIcial power
witnessed in the las, generation was
bad for the country But. unlike
Borah and Brandeis. he doesn't loof
with horror on big business. He takes
the view that probably some ousl
neSses are more efficient when 'hev'rt
big and some businesses ares better
for the public when they r. little anc
thai it's the governments lob to try
and find out which are which HG
profoundly be ieves that much ot the
early New Deal legislation was sound
but he ShreWdly points to lack OF
conference in its later phases
He's for organized abnI but made
no secret Of his alarm over sucl ex
ceSSeS as the sit down strikes to hlm
the sit-down strikes were nothing
more or less than a torcibe seizure
Of private property He's against the
continuous growth cf spending in the
government-not only because he sees
financial chaos at the end of such 2
course. but because spending has beer
accompanied oy increasing executive
indiscretion.
mo man has exercised more power
in Congress over the years than Nh
Garner II is power that does not
res on patronage The vitality of his
mind. the ripeness of his politica
judgment. the warmth Of HI affection
his unfailing unmitigated honesty
have compelled the admiration ol Re
publicans as well as Democrats o.
radicals and conservatives Eastern
ars and Westeners All this despite the
tradition that he Vice Presidency is
. role ~ impotence
"Mr Garner has made throne ou
of political sarcophagus
The Coolidge examiner., 1939-06-29

Ask the average farmer if he is
prepared to change his philosophy
about farming and he'll look blank.
Ask: "Why not raise your own
chickens, vegetables, fruit, have
your own milk COW, raise pigs for
neat, keep horses instead of trac
tors" and he will throw his hands
in the air. That day is past, he will
say. Concentrate on big profit
crops. Point to a really successful
farmer who does not have a self
supporting, economic unit whether
in wet or dry years and they will
say: ooh! Him. Humph."
If only they can get the govern
ment to put in that $7,000,0OO
Butte dam, or the $9000,000 in
dams near Safford-those will help.
They think in big figures whether
1t be government appropriations,
cotton adjustments, planted acres,
or horsepower for pumping their
wells 1t is the era of big and bet
ter things, of much spending of
high hopes. Theirs is a dauntless
sort of spirit, carried to the ex-
treme of not wanting to see in
black and white a single doubt to
mar the hopes for the future"