davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-03-31

effort European po,Ders
reluctance held up formation.
3, the catedp
LONDON March 3l.-Prime Minister Chamberlain in
historic attempt to block Germanys expansion the
continent announced in the House of Commons today that
Britain and France would back with arms the independence
of Poland while pursuing of stab}iZing the Euro
pean situation.
Without mentioning Germany the Prime Minister recalled
that certain consultations proceeding with other govern
en Europes crisis and stated Btain position dur
ing those consultations thus:
any which clearly threatened Polish
independence and which the Polish accordingly
sdered vital resist with their national forces his maesy
would feel themselves bound at to lend the
Polish government all support IN their
They given the Polish to this
effect
4 may add that government
plain that they stand the position in this mat
ter do his maestys government"
Subsequently, guarantee Poland
binding pending completion of negotiations for widespread Euro
bloc which expected incorporate the same
pledge behalf of Poland that Mr. Chamberlain made today
Soviet Russia Rumania Turkey and Yugosav all believed
to be involved in these negotiations.
Anticpations Exceeded.
Mr. Chamberlans statement went beyond anything most
European observers anticipated Minister had been
expected to qualify his guarantee by refusing to fight for Dan
or the Polish Corridor.
The commitment also direct reversal OF Mr. Chamber
when he rejected Labote demands
for guarantee frontiers -sovaka
before the Prime Minister made the state
United States Ambassador Joseph Kennedy left the for
office known that Mr. Kennedy had been in constant
touch with the Prime Minister for the past 4S hours
Mr. Chamberans history making declaration occupied less
than session Of only
II minutes
with the statement that "the domin
ions being kept fully informed"
foreign Office spokesman, who subsequently asked
whether British Poland applied the Free City
of Dan and Poorz he Polish Corridor which East
Prussia from the of Germany ad THAT question should
be addressed to the Polish government"
Danzg Precuded
however that the AngoFrench guarantees did not
the possibility GermanPolh discussions about Danzg
Corridor indicated that the British hoped
place those phases of the situation
tary specific plan of mill
attacked following Mr. Cham
berlains declaration.
disclosed that Britain close contact with Soviet
Russia in reaching the momentous decision.
The foreign secretary Vscount Halifax the Soviet Am
baSSador MaSky) this had discus
sion with the subject" Mr. Chamberlain said
Laborite request or that there
theological mpedments between ourselves and Russia
Chamberlain replied:
sir! hesitation in giving that assurance"
Chamberlain that the British government in
other European besides Soviet Russia
wide curb aggression He specifically left the door
suggestion Of conference of but
effective for discussions
among European nations
Negotiation Advocated.
II take this opportunity of stating again the general
opening They constantly advocated the
differences that arise between them They
that this the natural where differ
opinion should question incapable
Evening star., 1939-03-31
Summary of Todoy's Star

Overton plan commended by D. G.
newspaper leaders. Page Az
Final draft for new D. G. setup ex-
pected next week. Page B-l
Slot machine bill foes quizzed at
hearing. rage b-l
Reno divorce questioned in Stinson
annulment case. Page B-l
Evening star., 1939-03-31
BULLETIN.

Inc House defeated over
whelmingly this afternoon an ad-
ministration attempt to raise the
relief appropriation bill from
100000 900 to the extra $150,OO0,-
600 which President Roosevelt re-
quested for w. P. A. expenses
through June 80. The teller vote
was 205 to 1856 Previously, the
House also defeated an amend
ment to cut the amount to $54,-
293,575.
By the Associated Press.
Driving the 100000 900 relief bill
toward the point where amendments
to boost or lower the amount were
awaiting it. the House heard Repre-
sentative Bradley, Democrat, Of
Pennsylvania assert this afternoon
that w. P. A. operations presented
. picture of efficiency and honesty
that cannot be surpassed In the
history of this country"
He asked the House to send out
aord that this country will not
~bandon the unemployed people Of
this country"
Support for the highest amount
that can be appropriated for w. P. A,
came from Repub1ican-Repre.
sentative Mas of Minnesota-who
said he gave his support with re-
luctance.
1T is a sad commentary on the
recovery efforts of the administra.
tlon,' Representative Mas said.
Representative Dondero, Repub-
lican, of Michigan noted that W. P.
A. has put on 1,2l5 stage shows at q
cost of $48,00O,0O0 and then predict
ed that wv. P. A. will be again
knocking at the doors of Congress
for untold millions"
Cut to $4,000, 900 Sought.
President Roosevelt's latest re-
quest was for a $150,OOO,O 900 SUD-
Elementary fund. The bill reported
to the floor carries $10O 900 900. and
some opponents are trying to cut 1t
as low as SIS 100000.
Representative Mapes, Republican,
of Michigan declared the smaller
80 "ouAu 1AdNC lllC Ol
80 per cent of the Republican mem.
bers.
Representative Cannon, Democrat,
OF Missouri predicted, however, a
compromise of s100, ,0OO, 600 would be
approved. That was the sum agreed
on by the administration leadership
under pressure of economy advo-
Gates, and recommended by the
Appropriations Committee.
Meanwhile, Senator Pepper, Demo-
crat, of Florida suggested Congress
direct the w. p. A. not to lay of
any relief workers until the pend
ing appropriation is disposed of.
Cut Ordered Next Week.
A cut of 100000 has been ordered
for next week. but it was under
stood Col. F. c. Harrington. w. p.
A. administrator, might delay this
for day or so and either modify or
rescind the order when it became
apparent what sum Congress would
approve.
Leaders said the Senate could take
up the appropriation bill early next
week. Senator Byrnes, Democrat,
of South Carolina said he believed
some of the Senators who voted for
Mr.. Roosevelt's original request of
$875, ,000, ,O00-which Congress trim
med by $l50,000, ,00O-now would ac-
cept $l00,000,00 additional provided
that was the sum the House put
through.
Senator King. Democrat, of Utah,
introduced yesterday bill to
abolish the w. P. A. and the Ma
tional Youth Administration and
provide instead for the President to
make relief ALLEGATIONS direct to the
States ION the basis of need"
Based on Report.
House sponsors of the movement
for a s55,000,00O appropriation said
1t grew out of report by the Ap-
preparations Committee that If the
(See RELIEF Page A.6)
Evening star., 1939-03-31
W.P.A. Slash
Nearing House
Showdown
90 Pct. Of Republicans
Favor $4,000, 900
Fund, Mas Soys
BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND
Early IN present session, Con.
gress Topped $50 .000, 900 of $685.
100000 request for funds to carry
w. P. A. through until July 1.
President Roosevelt later sent
message asking additional $780,
100000 House Appropriations
Committee seperal days ago rec
commended approval of s150D00,-
900 fund, and at the same time
criticized several phases of w. P.
A. 1ctiuity.
Evening star., 1939-03-31
Cuts Adrift From Historic
Policy in Drive to Bar
Germony's Expansion


Germanys annexation Memeland centers Dod attention
Polish points attack
covering lands Poland gripped
Britain
Hitler but Polish
reluctance to Join has held its formation.
Evening star., 1939-03-31

(See BERLIN, Page A-6)
Evening star., 1939-03-31

(See RELIEF, Page A-6)
Evening star., 1939-03-31

(See FEAR, Page abb
Evening star., 1939-03-31

(See LONDON, Page A-30
Evening star., 1939-03-31

Mostly cloudy tonight and tomorrow;
not much change in temperature; low
est tonight about A. Temperatures to-
day-Highest, 50, at pm; lowest, A,
at $50 am; 81 at 2 pm.
Full report on page Az.
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1939-06-30
TAFT OF OHIO
Continued from Pare IL


made many addresses aud have also
made many friends among the Ne
gro citizens Of Ohio.
Il hope they will not be forgot
ten in the matter Of jobs
Outspoken on topics dealing with
Negroes and their welfare, Senator
Taft, when asked about the estab-
lishment of a permanent relief SET
up in the United States to take care
Of the millions Of unemployed said.
Il do not believe that the federal
government should engage III any
permanent system Of relief. The
federal government should conduct
public works program covering
projects in which the federal gov
ernment has direct interest, and
that program should be varied so
that it is larger in Lard times than
in good times. AS far as relief is
concerned, believe it should be re-
turned to the state as soon as pos
sible, So that direct relief and work
relief may be combined under one
administration. j believe the fed !
eral government should grant to
each state two thirds of the total |
cost of relief. on condition that the |
states put up one-third but that !,
some lee-way should be given so that !
in special cases Of hardship thefed- |
eral government might put up more
than sc 2-3 per cent. The federal
grant should be based on admins
tration of relief agencies under
civil service, and a condition of the
g. ntino cf f ieral money should
o. curse, be that there be no dis
elimination whatever, either in rate
of wages or in character of jobs.
because of race, color or any other
classification. | believe the
Continued Next Week)
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1939-06-30

Leaders are busy these hot days on
the softball diamond They added
another victory to their list Mon
day by defeating the Journal Herald
Club, So.
SHILOH BAPTIST CHURCH
The Workers Of Faith and other
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1939-06-30

1 iS u iiNila9iiA
Circle, a sewing
club Of the East
End, directed By
Mrs. Hattie Ber-
~, is giving an
all day barbecue
and picnic Tues
day, July 4, at
the home Of Rev.
and Mrs. S. w.
Few, 963 Rut-
ledge Avenue,
North Dayton.
Captain jim
Dickerson and
his Jim m us
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1939-06-30

clubs are having general rally
here Sunday at 2:3O pm. The pur-
pose Of the rally is for building and
remodeling.
A man who doesn't hope for better
things and is satisfied with his sur
rounding conditions regardless Of it's
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1939-06-30

state of being, is creature just
with seeming. Any man can help
himself with "a determination and
desire to work, whatever it might be.
And since group is made up Of
individuals the success of COM
munity can be obtained on similar
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1939-06-30

principles with the addition Of
friendship and cooperation. We are
certainly kidding ourselves when we
look blindly into the future for
hopes of social betterment and dis
regarding the sure master of social
attainment, community solidarity.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1939-09-21
FARM
Topics
HORSE OR TRACTOR
EXPENSE is SAME
Facts Brought Out in an
Analysis of Records.

The average expense crop acre
Tor man labor, horse and machinery
use on farms is practically the same
for horse farms. standard tractor
farms and general-purpose tractor
farms.
This Is one of the facts on changes
IN the use of farm power brought
out IN an analysis of records kept
from 1880 to 1886 in cooperation
with the department of agricultural
economics, College of Agriculture,
University of Illinois. A summary
OF the analysis is reported by P. E.
Johnston, associate chief in agricul-
tural economics, in a recent issue
of Illinois Farm Economics, pub
lished by the department of agri-
cultural economics.
Other studies indicate that farm
ers who continue no operate their
farms with horses are more eff
cient In the use of horse power, it
is explained. The records also indi-
cate that the expense for man la
Dor has been reduced only slightly
by the addition of tractors. In some
cases tractors have enabled opera
tors to do larger volume of bust
ness and in others to provide for
more leisure on the part of farm
workers.
Another fact brought out in the
study IS that farmers are using al
most two fewer horses and mules
a farm in 1898 than in 1926 Fur
thermore the percentage of farm
horses more than 20 years of age is
twice as high in 1888 as in 1926,
but the proportion of horses less
than four years of age is also high
er. From 1890 to 1884 about rs per
cent of the accounting farms in CEN
trail Illinois used horses only, where
as IN 1896 the proportion had de-
cllned to IA per cent.
The Shift in breeding operations on
farms has been related to changes
in prices of farm products and of
horse feeds. During the period 1880
to 1884, when the price of farm prod
ucts dropped much more drastically
than that of tractors, there was
practically no shifting from horses
to tractors on the farms included in
the study. The percentage of farms
operated with horses averaged
about rs per cent each year.
During this period, however, there
was shift from standard tractors
to general-purpose tractors, and this
shift had an effect on numbers of
horses, since general-purpose trac-
tors which are used for cultivating
row crops replace more horses than
do the standard type.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1939-09-21
An EchO-Less Dome

One of the few echo-less dones in
the world covers the star-studded
Planetarium at the New York Mu-
scum of Natural History. This ia
nous dome duplicates the bowl of
the sky; when complex lantern
slide machine on the floor below it
projects images of stars and plan
cts on its surface, an actual night
sky is appropriated. A lecturer
identifies the various consultations
with pointer of light for his listen
ers. In order to enable the speaker to
be heard, however, it was necessary
to eliminate the discord and echo
which would have been set up by
the waves of his voice striking
against the rounded surface of the
dome. To eliminate the echo in the
Planetarium dome, it was lined with
mineral wool, soft, fluffy material
that is widely used to insulate the
side walls and top floor ceilings of
homes. The mineral wool acts like
a sound cushion. Sound waves strik-
ing it are swallowed up and abb
sorbed, instead of being bounced
back to annoy those below.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1939-09-21
Explosive Manufacturers
Exercise Great Caution

Some of the most interesting regu-
latlons concerning footwear apply in
explosives works. The danger areas
of explosives factories are sepa-
rated from the rest of the plant by
white lines, ard workers are not
permitted to tread inside the line
without first putting on a pair of
rubbers. No compulsion is needed
to see that this regulation is OBJ
served. for every dynamite worker
has healthy respect for a product
that might blow him sky high should
it encounter a spark caused by a
shoe nail.
Many workers in explosives fac
tories even 60 so far as to provide
themselves with nothing but stitched
or cemented footwear in which not
a nail is used.
Other fashion conventions OBJ
served by dynamite plant workers
call for pocketless overalls which
eliminate the danger of stray
matches or foreign materials being
carried into the plant, a very neces-
sary precaution in an industry
where wooden tools are the vogue
and much of the machinery is driven
by compressed air. Gil Oval.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1939-09-21
Sheep Drenching a Step
To Stronger Lamb Crops

An important step in getting the
breeding flock of sheep ready for
producing next years crop of lambs
is to drench them for stomach
worms, says w. E. Morris, extern
sion animal husbandman, Universe
ty farm.
Stomach worms annually cause
serious loss to sheep raisers,"
stresses Morris, land now is the
time to take the first step to reduce
this damage. Sheepmen may ma
terially benefit their breeding fiocks
by drenching for worms before they
60 far with their winter feeding"
"Drenching will reduce the infes-
tation of worms, and will result in
more thrifty flock throughout the
winter. The ewes will make better
use of their feed, their feeces will
be heavier, they will be more thrifty
and drop stronger lambs in the
spring and will give more milk"
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1939-09-21
Old Volumes Yield Data
On Ritchie's Expulsion

More information concerning the
circumstances of the expulsion of
George Gavin Richie from Madi-
son university, now Colgate, in l847,
for editing papeb favoring aboli-
ton and equal suffrage, has been OBJ
tanned through research in musty
old volumes. It supplements infor-
nation turned up last January, ac-
cording to the New York Times.
This student martyr, fighting for
freedom of the press and the right
TO print his own opinions against
slavery. left the university in dis
grace and died six years later.
But there were those who fought
for him. Howard Williams, instruc-
tor in history, has discovered min
utes of students association meet
ing on February 5, l847, at which the
question of backing or repudiating
Richie was brought up These min
utes record the proposition that was
put before the association.
Whereas. the faculty have per-
mitted paper called The Hamil-
ton Student to be started at the uni
versity and which has gone forth
to the public bearing the name of
the university and purporting to be
conducted by its members,
Whereas, Mr.. Richie having vi
olated the stipulation upon which
said mission was granted and hav-
ing been expelled from the univer-
sity for contumacy and rebellion,
is now publishing a paper by the
same name and purporting to be
from the university. therefore.
BE it resolved, that we respect
fully request the faculty to disabuse
the public of this imposition
Even after being expelled Richie
had continued to publish the paper,
with such noted abolitionist as
Gerrt Smith of Peterboro, nearby,
supporting him. When the question
was brought to vote before the
students it was passed, rs to 33.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1939-09-21
How to Display the Flap

when the flag of the United
States is displayed in a manner 9TH
er than by being flown from a staff,
it should be displayed flat, whether
indoors or out. When displayed
either horizontally or vertically
against a wall, the union should be
uppermost to the flags own right,
lie, to the Observers left. When
displayed in window it should be
displayed the same way, that is,
with the union or blue field to the
left of the observer in the street.
When displayed over the middle of
the street, as between buildings, the
flag of the United States should be
suspended vertically with the union
to the north in an east-and-west
street, or to the east, in north
and-south street."
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1939-09-21
Oliver "DuoI Design" Home Plan
Features Comfortable Utility

An exceptional 4-room Colonial
style home, in which all rooms are
provided with cross ventilation be-
sides being planned for efficiency,
this is the home that Western Homes
Foundation is featuring this week
in Washington, Oregon. Montana,
Idaho, Utah and Nevada territory
as regional subsidiary of lew-eest
demonstration for the National
Small Homes Demonstration This
design, providing what might be
termed natural air-conditioning, .
with all rooms cross ventilated
should prove particularly popular in
the western states where the climate
is such that artificial, or mechani-
cal, air-conditioning may not be so
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1939-09-21
w ct or Dry Mash

Wet mash will stimulate egg pro-
duction in laying birds but it is not
as safe to feed as dry, notes
poultryman in the Montreal Herald.
Wet mash must be fed with care
because the birds will eat too much
of it and probably interfere with
normal digestion. 1t is more likely
to bring on digestive disorders than
the feeding of dry mash. Most large
poultry firms are doing away with
wet mashes completely. We would
recommend the regular laying mash
in hoppers rather than an over-sup-
ply of bran. The regular laying
mash is well balanced ration and
will give much better results, so
far as egg production is concerned.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1939-09-21

kitchen, utility room. and bathroom
plumbing installations are grouped
for economy as we'll as convenience.
A feature of popularity, in the
West as we'll as the East, is the
sheltered front entrance. with stoop,
reminding one of Eddie Dowling's
famous song about the little white
house where the entrance seemed
to say Won't you come in
Retail lumber dealers in this COM
munity. as they are elsewhere in the
six states comprising the region
served by Western Homes Founda-
ton, are prepared to give prospec-
tive home builders conditional esti-
mates on the cost of building and
financing the Oliver Home. Full
working plans and specifications
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1939-09-21
Twas This Way
BY LYLE SPENCER
g Western Newspaper Union.
The Man Who Made Rubber
@ Western Newspaper Union.

TT AVE you ever thought how diff
ferent our world would be if
rubber did not exist? How could
we possibly get along without rub
Der tires, erasers, carriers, golf balls
or any other of thousand neces-
sites made of rubber we use every
day? Yet only a hundred years
ago, not one of these things existed
in modern form because no one
knew how to vulcanize rubber.
Charles Goodyear, one of the most
eccentric men the world has ever
known, was the inventor of the rub
Der inflammation process. He had
one-track mind, a mind that spent
its whole life tracking down a
process for vulcanizing rubber. 1t
IS to his undying credit that he
finally found the thing he was after,
and gave the world one of its most
important industrial processes.
Goodyear's discovery came ac-
cidentally one day when he dropped
piece Of raw rubber smeared
WIN sulphur on not stove. from
this lucky experiment he soon de-
veloped his famous process. Almost
overnight he was catapulted to
worldwide fame, and for time it
even seemed as if he might make
some money.
But Goodyear was nc-hus2iess
man. He was tricked out of every
thing he owned, and when he died,
he left over 100000 in debts. The
final irony Of Goodyear's highly
ironic career was that although he
took out patents on almost every
conceivable use Of rubber, he left
out the one which in later years
became by all odds most important
the automobile tire
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1939-09-21

much a part Of up-to- the-minute
home planning as il is IN some parts
Of the East
The Oliver Home. as shown by the
illustration, has two floor plans, to
give the builder a choice according
to preferences and family require
ments. Plan A (shoWn on the Left
is for home without basement.
and il is this plan which, by provid-
ing a modern type of utility room
large enough to contain such es-
sentials as a heater and laundry
tubs, enables this type of design
to offer the utility of five rooms
on one floor Plan B, with base
ment, naturally has larger kitchen
in that much of the space, which
would otherwise be devoted to the
ground floor utility room, can be
turned over to the kitchen room
The cubage of the Oliver, when
built with Plan A. is 1850 cubic
feet; when built with Plan B, this
home has 1920 cubic feet. Re-
membering the fact that cost esti-
mates for home construction are
customarily figured on the cost per
cubic foot (Which cost ranges ma
tionally between rs and IS cents),
any one contemplating the construc-
ton Of the Oliver can arrive at APP
proximate costs of Plan A or B by
simply multiplying rs or IS cents
Tor an average 30c) by the cubic
footage in either plan. As can be
seen by the floor-plan sketches, the
size Of the main building is % feet
by % feet, the ceiling height is a
| standard eight feet, and the base
ment height, Plan B, is seven feet.
Of special interest is the fact that