davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Glacier County chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1931-1940, 1939-10-20

Old Wife's lake. but it was a great
summer campground because of gooC
water. Here 1 began to see real In
dian life and their manner Of living
on the plains. I noticed that as a camp
of Cree Indians came into the lake
that the squaws gathered dry buffalo
chips into blanket, fastened the blan-
ket on their backs for fuel when they
got into camp. These dry buffalo chips
made a good fire and burned like wood
The squawS were also expected to set
up the lodges and do all the camp
work. The bucks job was to hun.
when they felt like it.
A few days later we camped or
Swiftcurrent creek, a beautiful little
we found Little Black Bears camp
This was the main camp of the Cree
tribe. After making the accustomed
presents to the chiefs, we made a good
trade with them and obtained a fine
lot of buffalo robes and small furs
Indians Art of Tanning
dams, noticed every feature of their
method of tanning, which I will de-
scribe to the reader. well remember
the first buffalo robe I saw tanned
One morning early, while camped on
SWiftcurrent creek, I saw an Indian
kill buffalo close to camp. His squaw
and another one skinned the buffalo
and brought the meat and hide to
camp. Then I watched the procedure
of tanning the robe. First, the hide
was stretched tight on the ground
flesh side up, with wooden pegS-then
the squaw brought out a little con-
traption something like a small hoe
I will try to describe to the reader
how this tool was made. For the han
die they used the leg bone from the
knee. down of a deer or antelope; a
small piece of hoop iron was dashed
crosswise on one end of this bone
which formed a hoe-Shaped tool.
The next feature in the process of
off the hide with the above described
tool. Then the robe was taken to the
creek and washed tforoughly-then it
was fastened, one end to a small tree
with stick run through the other
end. It was Wrung as dry as possible,
Then came the real art of the work
A sinew thong was tied to a tree about
three feet above the ground, and again
about six feet high, forming a loop.
Through this loop the hide was placed
flesh side out. On this strong cord the
hide was rubbed back and forth in
the hot sun till it was pliable and dry
Then the hide was spread out on the
ground ana marrow from the buffalo
bones and brains was rubbed on the
flesh side of the robe. Then it was
placed on a frame over a Smudge fire
and smoked till it had yellow cast
This was the finishing touch to we'll
tanned robe
I saw the buffalo killed in the morn
ing and saw the hide tanned through
the day and was given a pair OF moe
caSins made from the robe that night
I could hardly believe a robe could be
tanned in one day until I saw it done.
noticed that when a squaW started
to tan robe it was always finished
Glacier County chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1931-1940, 1939-10-20
BAHRAIN

The British protectorate of Bahrain
entered the philatelic picture in 1888
with an issue of stamps of British In
dia surcharged "Bahrain." To date
only 10 items have been put out, and
all of them are inexpensive.
gulf has assumed tremendous impor- NOR.
lance in the last few years because of
its oil output Discovered and exploited
by. the Standard Oil Co. Of California,
this oil field on a sunbaked slab of
the Arabian desert now produces and
day, and there are indications that
production will be stepped up to 10O,-
900 barrels day in the not-far-dista
future.
Although nominally an independent
sultanate, Bahrain affairs are admin
istered largely by the government Of
India. So far as the oil concession is
Glacier County chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1931-1940, 1939-10-20

They liked sugar but seldom traded
tor sugar or syrup
The spring of 1874, we got word
that a large detachment of Canadian
sent out into the wild territories Dor
dering on the Montana line. This was
our opportunity to join them and have
protection on our way to Montana, our
objective destination. Long before the
arrival of the police force, we had
packed the remnants of our goods and
were ready to join them. After some
suspense, the troopers finally arrived
and dropped anchor at our camp for
the night. Father sought out the COM
mander, Major Walsh, and asked per-
mission to join his expedition. The
major said. Come along; we may
need you before we get through" The
major looked at me and remarked:
You are a pretty small STRIPPING to
go into a wild country
The next morning was a busy one
getting ready to leave our old trading
post. Bidding the Clark family goodby
was like breaking home ties again
The Clark family consisted of him
self, his good wife and two little girls.
Off With the Police Force
On this memorable morning we be-
came part of the expedition headed
west. and dropped in at the rear end
OF the police transportation teams.
Father had told the commander that
he had load of Indian goods which
he wanted to trade to the friendly In
dams for furs on the way and would
drop out from time to time to trade
at the different Indian camps along
the way. Major Walsh advised us not
TO get too far away from the command
that we would soon be in the wild
region where it would not be safe for
us to be alone. But father thought
that the Indians knowledge of red
coats being in the vicinity in a strong
force would have a tendency to tame
the Indians and would make it safer
for us.
trails made by Red river cart freight
ers. These vehicles made a poor road
for wagons. The carts were drawn by
one dwarf horse or steer, making a
tow-path between the two wheel
tracks. In this way it left ridge on
both sides of the road for a team to
travel on which was very inconvenient
for wagon traffic.
There were no bridges those days.
All streams had to be forded. Owing
to inexperienced drivers many of the
government teams were stuck each day
The first day out father pulled three
police wagons out Of mud holes. which
substantiated what the major had
said that they might need us before
they got through.
The third day out we camped at
Old Wife's lake, where we saw our
first buffalo. The two half-breed
guides were sent out in quest of meat,
returning late that night with two fat
buffalo. The next morning, We were
all eating buffalo meat From here on,
buffalo Indians and half breeds were
in evidence all over the plains and
trade with them was very good as long
as our goods lasted. We exchanged
goods for fine lot of buffalo robes
and furs. There was no timber around
Glacier County chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1931-1940, 1939-10-20

the same day. Further, it was ready
to trade off by night.
AS we advanced farther west. we
came in contact with a different type
of Indians. The American Indians were
more thrifty-they had plenty Of
ponies and were more industrious. In
dams greatest pride in those days was
their ability TO steal ponies from other
tribes-and from white people when
they got a chance.
The tribes We met on our arrival in
Montana were the Gros Ventres
Crows and Piegans. The last three
tribes mentioned were classed as
friendly Indians. but they TOO would
bump a white man off # they got a
fortunate on this long memorable
frontier trip. Part OF the time we we're
alone trading with the Indians and
only once did we have trouble. One
time in the gray OF the morning, our
tent was riddled with bullets and in
return the Indians received a fusillade
from our two WinchesterS. When day
light came. the Indians left and we
soon caught up with the police force.
Arriving where the police force estab-
lished Fort Walsh, on the North Fork
of Milk river. we helped TO get out
logs to build that notable Canadian
fort. Here we met a few Americans
from Fort Benton. They took the con-
tract to put up hay for the mountics
that fall. When the hay was up we
joined the American party, consisting
of w o. Dexter. John kannady,
Charles Thomas. Charles Bristol
Charles Devall and Sam Preston. There
were a few more men in this party
whose names I have forgotten. We
reached Fort Benton about Sept. /,
1874. which became our home for the
next II years
Glacier County chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1931-1940, 1939-10-20
BOARD ANNOUNCES
7 ROAD PROJECTS
BIDS WILL BE OPENED AT STATE
CAPITAL ON THURSDAY,
OCTOBER 10

Highway and Bridge Construction Jobs
Include Two in Cascade County;
Others in Wibaux. Sanders, Mineral
and Ravalli.
Glacier County chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1931-1940, 1939-10-20

concerned, however, the Americans are
supreme, because the British syndicate
that first acquired a concession there
failed to realize the possibilities and
finally transferred it to American oil
interests.
Curiously enough, the first drilling
that took place in Bahrain was not
for oil, but for water. Until that time
there had been no fresh water on the
island and the native Arabs were de-
that arose offshore in the sea. They
would go out in boats and dip it up,
but whenever storms came the sweet
water would become mixed with salt
water before the boats could get there.
To relieve this situation. artesian wells
were sunk, and subsequently oil was
found in such quantities that this now
has become one of the worlds great
oil zelda
Glacier County chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1931-1940, 1939-10-20

The Montana highway commits
sion will open bids on seven road
and bridge construction projects
at Helena Oct. 10. The projects:
l. Grading, surfacing and oiling of
1.443 miles Of the Red Tail road in
WibauX county: construction of a
276-fCOt steel and concrete bridge over
Beaver creek. and construction Of a
76-foOt timber bridge over Yates creek.
.. Grading, surfacing and oiling and
construction of a 75-foot timber bridge
on 3.265 miles of the Kalispell-Libby
road in Flathead county
g. Grading. surfacing and oiling OF
Tl39 miles of the ChOteau-Sun River
road in Cascade county.
T. Construction of a 25-fOOt timber
bridge over AShuelot canal: two four
panel 76-fCOt timber bridges over Mill
COulee creek. and one 11-foot timber
underpass on the Choteau-Sun River
road in Cascade county.
5. Grading and surfacing and con-
structiOn of four 19-foOt bridges and
a 38-fOot bridge on 1876 miles OF the
PlainS-Elmo road in Sanders county.
6. Oiling of 4277 miles and regrad-
ing. surfacing and oillng of 2.505 miles
and construction of a 23-fOOt bridge
on the Lookout pasS-Superior road in
Mineral county.
7. Grading, surfaCing and oiling OF
1"146 miles of the Hamilton Florence
road in Ravalli county, and construc-
bridge over Corvallis canal and one
352-foot steel bridge over the Bitter
Root river
The weight of a cubic foot of sugar
is 100 pounds.
Glacier County chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1931-1940, 1939-10-20

About 200 delegates are expected
TO attend the 14th annual Dude
Ranchers association convention in
Casper, WyO.. Oct. 26, 81 and %,
Walter c. Nye. executive secretary
of the association, said at Billings
few days ago, declaring that
numbers of advance reservations
already have been made. He esti-
mated that 400 persons would at
tend the banquet Thursday night,
Oct. &c.
Railroad and airline officials who
have made reservations include: Union
Pacific railroad, c. H. Saltmarsh of
Salt Lake City, and A. B. Northcott
of Omaha, Neb.. general passenger
agents: and P. G.. Beach of Omaha,
advertising manager. Northern Pacific
railroad. NJ. M Goodsill of st. Paul,
general passenger agent; L. L. Perrin
Of St. Paul. advertising manager; F.
j. Elliott of Livingston, district pas
senger agent for Montana; H. H Ellis
worth of Helena, assistant general
w. Overman, freight and passenger
agent in Billings
H. L. Cummings, division traffic
manager Of Northwest Airlines, and
Lew King of Chicago. traffic manager
of American Airlines, will represent
their respective companies Reserva-
tons also have been made for Milton
E. Bernet of Denver, vice president of
the Mountain States Telephone g. Tele-
graph Co., and Gov. Nels Smith Of
Wyoming
The Burlington railroad will be rep
resented by Tom Hinchcliff of Omaha,
general passenger agent, and Donald
Ashton of Chicago, assistant advertis-
ing manager.
Glacier County chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1931-1940, 1939-10-20

Paced by Montana State college
at Bozeman, which showed the
largest gain, enrolment at the six
units of the Greater University of
Montana mounted to 4,949 STU
dents for the fall quarter, a gain
of 254 over the fall quarter last
year. The greatest increase was at
Montana State college, where en-
rollment figures were boosted by
120 students. The freshman class
at Montana State, totaling 835 STU
dents, is the largest in the schools
history. The entire registration at
Bozeman is percent larger than a
year ago.
At Missoula, 1880 students were
registered for the fall quarter, an in
crease of Al over last years figure.
large increase in women students
and a slight decrease in the number
OF men students was noted.
An increase in the number of for
mer students returning for study was
noted at the State university Thirteen
more former students were enrolled
than last year, making total Of ,268
former students, an all-time high.
Enrolment at Eastern Montana Nor
NAL was 322, up "A; Northern Montana
college. Havre, 4l2, up 81; Montana
School OF Mines, 321, down 81, and
State Normal school, Dillon, 246
down II.
Glacier County chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1931-1940, 1939-10-20
Trapping Season
VIII Omen Dec. I

Montanas 1939-194O trapping season
will open on Dec. l, Chairman B. L.
Price of the fish and game commission
announced recently. Trapping of mar
ten will be permitted from that date
until Feb. l, while the open season
for the trapping of mink, muskrat and
fox will extend through next April IA
The commission did not feel there
were sufficient marten in the state
to allow the season to extend through
the longer period Price said. The
shortened season was decided upon
as a conservation measure"
Glacier County chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1931-1940, 1939-10-20
~ Students Signed
For Aviation Course

Nineteen students have been signed
at the Montana School of Mines and
the ground school was opened on Oct.
Is. DR.. George Shue is in charge of
the ground school on the campus. John
Fox, flight instructor, will give the
fledgling pilots instruction at the Butte
airport.
Flight instruction will not begin I'M
til after all the students have had
two weeks of ground training.
Glacier County chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1931-1940, 1939-10-20
dude RANCHERS
TO CONVENE SOON
TWO HUNDRED DELEGATES ARE
EXPECTED TO ATTEND THE
CASPER MEETING

Railroad and Airline Officials Will
Join "Tenderfeet Wranglers" at Con-
vention; Gov. NeIs Smith of Wyo-
ming Also Making Reservations.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1939-05-26
BARCLAY ON BRIDGE
BY Shepard Barclay
"Tha Authority on Authorities"
'Ths Authority on Authorities"

Philadelphia, first ranking woman
player of the country, led her heart
2 to the j and K. Then followed the
club A, club K and the 7 to the 8,
on which Mrs. Young discarded the
diamond 6. The spade j was fin
essed, then the diamond 8 led to
East's @, Mrs. Young playing the
2 and completing her signal, which
East did not see.
East, who should have led a dia-
mond now, led the heart A and an
other heart, which was ruffed. The
declarer thereupon laid down the
diamond A, on which East could
have saved the day by throwing
the K, but instead played the and
then had to win the next diamond
and lead into the combination ten
ace in spades, producing an over
trick.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1939-05-26

Dealer. South. East-West vul-
resble
Al one table Of a tournament
South J. opened this deal with 1-Club.
So!tn was too smart-alecky to
make his natural bid of 2-Clubs,
Nei;erlng 2-Hearts because, as he
aa later, he thought the opponents
3,gnI wish to bid hearts otherwise.
a..et "; mat South bid 2-No Trump,
Salcn passed around to East and
mere got doubled. North then took
out into 3-Clubs.
,.1 lnsl Ill : last bid showed up North's
Ts1s VA n 9rst call so completely that
"'' Ralph G. Sally Young of
Copyright, 1889, Kine
Henderson daily dispatch., 1939-05-26
SEE THE LITTLE CARDS

YOU HAVE to watch your part
iers play of the spot cards if you
expect to do worthwhile job on
the defense. The play of a high spot,
allowed by a lower one, indicates
ldesire for the lead of that suit re-
:yiless Of whether those cards
gsTe played as discards or in fol-
owing suit. To disregard them is
% decide that one player is better
than two, at least in effect.
Evening star., 1939-01-01

employment ratios and pay rolls did,
and worker efficiency increased.
In spite of our continued gov
ernmental deficits, the highest-ever
public debt, enormous bank de-
posits and intensified easy-money
policy there is no indication that
fear of imitation played any role
whatsoever in the upturn. Nor is
there promise that it will be a fac
tor in the near future. Prices do not
show it. Although the fuel for in
flation is ready in the oversupply
of money and credit, it can hardly
cause any dangerous pressure at the
same time that surpluses and sur
plus of productive facilities remain
among our gravest problems.
Another adjustment, for which the
1887 depression at least observes
credit for an assist, is toward a
better spirit between business lead
ers and Government. Governing
officials appreciate that under pres
ent conditions laws can provide no
complete solution to our economic
troubles. Business leaders. for their
part, realize that political activity
in many new forms will henceforth
be a business factor; that more
intelligent policy is to understand
and help shape it; that to do other
wise will prove as ineffective as
Mrs. Partington and her tide-defy-
ing mop.
Evening star., 1939-01-01

power is so plentiful that it is be-
ing used to generate steam for re-
tail distribution. It is suggested that
homes in the area may soon be heat
ed by a process resembling reverse
mechanical refrigeration, owing to
the cheapness of electricity.
Local and National Issues.
Less publicized nationally, but
much discussed locally. are the
three power authorities of the
White Spot" State Nebraskans
are not fond of their venture in
public ownership, which combines
irrigation with power generation.
Unusual silt and seepage difficulties
have made the projects costly, and
in order to provide reliable power,
the three districts require steam
standby capacity. Hence, they are
negotiating for the purchase of all
privately-owned facilities so that
the whole may be operated as a
single unit In some towns oppo-
sltion has resolved itself into at
tempts at purchase of local facili-
ties to prevent them from falling
into the hands of the district au-
thorities.
Evening star., 1939-01-01

new year, in addition to indications
OF further improvement in business,
is the evidence that American in
dustry Is at last developing a voice
and beginning to compete In a
broader way for public undertaking
and good will. " = " Any further i'm
provement in business must not be
allowed to sidetrack our newly real
lied responsibility"
Heavy Industries Revive.
c. w. Young, president of the
Young Management Corp, cited as
a harbinger Of greater prosperity
currently we are in the midst of q
comeback in the heavy industries
and building volume will be up a
billion and half or more in 1899
1t Is currently about 80 per cent
ahead of last year. The building
cycle runs independent of the regu-
lar business cycle and has at least
three to five more years to rise"
Retail Leader Hopeful.
Saul Cohn, president of the Ma
tional Retail Dry Goods Association
asserted: I'VE can look forward to
''' better results in 1899. It seems
we have entered upon an increase OF
production, which is the beginning
OF new business cycle, rather than
Evening star., 1939-01-01
Leaders
Continued From First Page)

prices may 60 lower under the i'm
pact of some new foreign crisis"
Points to Cotton.
In the field Of agriculture, Frank
J. Knoll, president of the New York
Cotton Exchange, suggested a
change in the Government cotton
programs was possible, saying:
World trade in American cotton
has been vitality affected throughout
the year by the tremendous and
growing accumulation of cotton in
the hands of the Government.
That accumulation has undoubt-
edly held the price of American
cotton at a somewhat higher aver
age level than would otherwise have
prevailed, but in consequence world
trade in the American staple has
continued to shrink. -
Present prospects are that the
world will have larger carryoVer
of American cotton at the end of
the current season than at any pre-
vious time in the history of the in
dustry"
William ONeil, president of the
General Tire Rubber Co., predicted:
General business should show
steady improvement in 1889, because
I believe there is growing demand
for all classes of merchandise.
Shelves are bare and consumers
need goods of every kind.
Credit conditions are excellent"
Henry M. Heimann, executive
manager Of the National Association
of Credit Men, said: CAS- we closed
the year, business was experiencing
fairly general recovery. There
may be a slight letup in the early
months of the new year, but it will
undoubtedly be followed by a re-
neWal of the forward movement"
Ayres Foresees Gains.
Col. Leonard P Ayres, vice presi-
dent and economist of the Cleveland
Trust Co. in his year-end forecast
looked for betterment in business in
1899.
The monthly average of indus
trial production was ITO in 1887
he said, land it will probably be IS
or Sc in 1888. 1t now seems likely
that its average in 1899 will be
about 104
National income seems likely to
make a new high record for the re-
Evening star., 1939-01-01

old. = We have over 100000
acres of idle farm land which must
be put to work by creating new for
eign markets, and regaining former
ones, for our farm products.
I'VE need 100000 new homes to-
day, and of our 23,0O0,OOO existing
one-family dwellings 81 per cent
require repairs"
Ward Melville, president of Mel
vile Shoe Corp, predicted: Except
for the first two months, retail busi-
ness should be substantially better
in 1899. My company is budget
ing and placing orders in anticipa-
ton of per cent increase in unit
sales in the first quarter and a 10
per cent increase in the second.
Business in the third and final
quarters should also be good"
Public Relations Better.
William P. WitheroW, president of
BlaW-KnoX Co.. Pittsburgh, fabri-
| Gators of steel products. said: "One
of the most heartening signs for the
Evening star., 1939-01-01
Expansion Of Power Equipment to Be Important 1899 Development

covery period, and to be a little
above the level of 1887. Average
freight loadings may advance about
IS per cent. Automobile output in
1899 should be between 80 and so
per cent larger than that of 1888.
Wholesale prices will probably ad-
vance slowly.
"The year as a whole will almost
surely be better business year than
this has been, but it is quite possible
that the trend of affairs may be
downward again before it draws
toward its close"
Opportunities ahead.
Thomas j. Watson, president of
the International Chamber of Com
merce and of International Business
Machines Corp, said: "The new
Evening star., 1939-01-01
Embellishments Cured.

But perhaps a broader explana-
ton of the 1888 recovery lies in the
fact that swift and savage depres-
sion, like an insulin shock, cures
many of the Embellishments which
are produced during a period such
as that of 1867, marked by hectic
price movements and excessive for
ward buying. By June, after months
of scanty purchases and production,
the obese inventories built up dur
ing the previous year had benefited
greatly by the reducing regimen. If
wage rates did not suffer severely,
Evening star., 1939-01-01

year offers fa-
vorable possibili-
ties for progress
because the de-
velop m e n t of
this country is
not finished.
Our railroads
need a billion
dollars worth of
new equipment;
IS per cent of
our m &C h ! n e
tools now in use
are obsolete, and
two out of three
of our engines