davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-01-26
SKILLED WORKERS

NOW that huge national defense program is to
~ the fore, skilled craftsmen are an indispensa-
blllty. This is welcome news to the hundreds OF
thousands of craftsmen forced by the depression
to take any jobs available, to find places on relief
work. to become dependent on their families, or to
accept straight relief for themselves and depend
ents. With plan for national defense comes op-
portunity for new activity for producer goods in
duStrleS. The government wants aeroplaneS and
anti-aircraft guns. For the most part these must
be built in private factories. Likewise with most
OF the munitions needed. UnquestiOnably more
workers are needed for this program. Labor has
proposed the following practical plan for meeting
the needs: committee of representatives of the
Navy, War and Labor Departments together with
representatives of organized labor to be respon-
sible for assuring the necessary workers.
From the first announcement of the defense
program the press has been filled with rumors Of
huge apprenticeship and hurriedly developed pro-
grams by the National Youth Administration and
other agencies not responsible for long range
program promoting national welfare at every
stage Such methods would only spell disaster for
the defense program and for the welfare of the
workers and civilian industries. Every experience
has demonstrated that ther is but one way of
training young men for skilled work in industry
and that is by working in actual industry-the ap-
premiership way. The schoolroom is a necessary
adjunct but of itself alone is as impossible as it is
impractical. TO depend primarily upon the school
room method is as absurd as it is misleading to
those led to believe that the classroom is the open
door to mechanical competency.
On the basis of our experience Labor makes
this program: That the unions of skilled crafts
men report to the Central Committee the names
and addresses of craftsmen now available for work
at prevailing rates: That both unions and employ
ment Offices search for craftsmen forced into other
occupations and that where necessary vocational
restraining opportunities be provided for the re-
covery of lost impaired skill to enable the work
to fit into changed work conditions; if there is
still need of more mechanics, that the employment
services and the unions allied fields in or
der to muster workers who could more quickly
prepare themselves for the available work; and
that apprentice training programs for the normal
needs of industry be considered and stimulated un-
der the normal agencies set up to do this work un-
der proper conditions and safeguards. These con-
ditions apply also to vocational retraining pro-
grams. Educational planning is not place for
hysteria or for agencies with short-time RESPONSE
bility With more than eleven millions of unem-
ployed, our first obligation is to provide them with
work opportunities. There exists in our normal in
sttutions full capacity to deal with this and other
emergency problems.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-01-26
UNITY AND STRENGTH

AS we of the labor movement en-
ter another year let us be grateful
for the manifold blessings bestowed
upon us. Let us firmly resolve to
stand ready and united for more
forward marches as the need arises.
We shall never lose sight of the fact
that stick-to gether-ness Cf we may
coin new phrase) is our only
weapon.
Aesop knew his stuff when he tells
about man who had quarrelsome
family and after trying in vain to
unite them by words, thought he could
get better results by an example. He
called his sons and told them to lay
a bundle of sticks before him. Then
after tying the sticks together in one
bundle he told his sons, one after an
other to take up the bundle and break
it. They all tried but tried in vain
Then untying the bundle he gave them
the sticks to break one by one. This
they did with the greatest of ease.
Then said the father: "Thus, my sons,
as long as you remain united, you are
d match for all Of your enemies but
differ and separate, and you are UNI
done. The Chronicle, Cincinnati, o.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-01-26

land the reputation of our unions are therefore OF
vital Importance to Wage-earners, to management
Iand to the community in which the production
concerns are located. Major and final responsi.
|bility rests the union itself for determination
|of constructive objectives and practical policies
|growing out of realization that permanent prog
|ress for one group can be gained only by mutual
advancement of the interests of ALL The union
|functioning in accord with this understanding
must be dependable institution with disciplined
educated to direct union affairs con-
structivey and in promotion of long range plan.
AS such a union has obligations which it fulflls,
lit must also have rights maintained by Society
(which neither private individuals nor government
administrators may disregard. IT we would main
tain democratic institutions our unions cannot be
made paWns for the personal advancement of in
dividuals or groups of individuals special causes.
A union must be free to function under it's consti-
tuition and special rules and in accord with ma
]Orlty decisions OF membership.
The sure foundation upon which unions can
be founded is the distinctive function performed in
production. Similar work problems calling for
|similar capacities and training, similar respon-
sibility for achieving similar standards of pro-
ducton, are ties which reach into the very depths
of personality and which mold men into the pur-
pose and spirit of unionism. Too broad a base in
Produces so many differentals that the spirit of
UNITY grows lax. The local union, therefore, is
well advised to seek basis for real unity in craft
or occupation but between the unions working un-
der one management there must be developed the
channels and the spirit of cooperation and wider
UNITY which becomes possible through these chan
nels to which functional dfferentials referred
$50 that matters of common interest can be dealt
with through coordinated union action. Organ
zing the separate units to deal with their in
dividual problems and integrated action for ad-
of the interests of all are principles
fundamental in the program of the American Fed
eration of Labor which have brought sustained
progress in the past and which promise sustained
welfare.
Our policies have been developed with an un-
derstanding that rights for our unions entail OBJ
legations to respect the rights of other groups
and that we cannot hope for permanent progress
10y invading the rightful fields of others.
In peace and in war the> United States has
found the American Federation of Labor mindful
of it's obligations to communities and to the
Nation. For the coming year, which promises to
be eventful in world history, we pledge ourselves
to the policies which we have thus far followed
to the pursuit of welfare without stir
ring class passions and warfare, and to the main
tenance of democratic ideals within the labor
movement and our common life.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-01-26
TEACHERS APPROVE
NEW CONSTITUTION

Columbus, 0. (OLNS).-At meet
ing of the executive council of the
Ohio State Federation of Teachers,
AFL affiliate, here last week, a new
constitution was adopted and recon-
mendations for financing the public
school foundation program were made.
The Teachers Union officers reiter-
ated their stand for financing the pro-
gram on a payasyou-go basis, recon-
mended an income tax with no eX-
emptions, asked for the end of ear
marked state funds and urged the
Legislature to appropriate emergency
funds for districts in Ohio where
schools are in danger Of closing.
Most important change in the con-
stitution gives better representation
on the executive council to larger
Teachers Local Unions, E. Glenn Bax
ter, Elyria, president of the Fedora
ton said.
The new representation arrange
ment increases the size of the eXecu
tive council from II members to 80.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-01-26
II Nominate For President"

Fort Worth, Texas,-Elliott Roose-
welt believes that a Texan will soon
become President of the United
States and that Vice President John
Nance Garner, among others, is a
Texan of suitable qualifications. His
views We're expressed in a recent ra-
dio broadcast of wax recording. His
point was that Texas had made such
strides in population, growth, agri-
cultural and industrial development,
that its influence was growing and
"the time will come soon for a Texan
to be elected to the Presidency of the
L. s." Significant is Gamers recent
willingness to take more and more of
q major part III the running Of
things" at Washington.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-01-26
Climb Aboard With Coupons

Washington, d, C.-The Fight the
lnfantile Paralysis Campaign is driv
ing down the home stretch. The b
d w Coupon Bandwagon is jockeying
for a better position. It's a safe bet
it will be among the leaders at the
finish line. B & w coupons are found
on the backs of all packages of Union
made Raleigh, Kool and Viceroy Gig
arettes. Having cash surrender
value of three fourths of a cent each,
they will be redeemed for cash and
donated to The Fight the lnfantile
Paralysis Campaign. Send your cou-
pons to the Labor Division, Committee
for the Celebration of the President S
Birthday, Carpentefs' Building, Wash
ngton, D. c.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-01-26
COURT UPHOLDS CONVICTIONS
OF 81 ILLINOIS MINERS

Chicago ULNS).-The u. S. Circuit
Court of Appeals has upheld convic-
tions Of 81 Illinois miners found guilty
on charges of conspiracy to bomb
railroads and mines during a period
of inter-union warfare.
The court, however, ordered SEN
tences and fines reduced, to require
each to serve total of three years
in prison and pay $4,000 in fines.
A. M. Fitzgerald of defense counsel
said "we will endeavor to take the
case to the U. S. Supreme Court"
Judge Charles G. Briggle sentenced
the "a miners in December, 1887 after
six-weeks trial in U. S. District
Court at Springfield. The trial eli
NAKED five years of warfare between
rival mine unions in the central and
southern Illinois coal fields.
Nearly al the defendants were affili-
ated with the Progressive Mine Work
ers of America, union formed in a
revolt against John l.. Lewis and
leaders Of the United Mine Workers
of America in 1882.
Defense insisted throughout the
trial and appeal proceedings that
the defendants were victims of a
counter-conspiracy engineered by the
Peabody Coal Company and the
UMWA to halt the growth of the rebel
union which now is affiliated with the
American Federation of Labor.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-01-26
WHAT NEXT?

Powell Cr0sley, Jr., head of the
CrOsley Radio Corporation, an
nOunces production of radio fac
simile receiver to sell for $3.50.
Crosley said that radio transmits
sion of facsimile would in no way
compete with newspaper functions
as only a three-foot strip of news
and pictures could be printed an
hour by the machine. Facsimile
will transmit bulletins and flash
news while newspapers will con-
tinue to provide the details, he
said.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-01-26
; COMMENT ON WORLD
EVENTS

| 1t is too bad that Herman Oliphant,
( federal counsel of the Treasury De-
partment, died.
DR.. Vannevar Bush, head of the
Carnegie Institution, came before the
monopoly committee the other day,
and told it why there are so few new
enterprises in this country. Taxes are
so high, and the SEC attaches so
much red tape, and it is job to float
securities. That's why industry is
tagging.
From 1926 to 1929, inclusive, taxes
which the government collected, that
is-were very low. There was no
SEC. There was no interference by
government with Big Business. The
chief task in the chief financial street
of the nation was to issue more stocks,
and boost the price of those outstand-
ing. And
And then came Black Thursday in
October, and stocks tumbled, and
businesses closed, and banks busted,
and wages were cut, and 100000
workers lost jobs, and the national in
come dropped to 40 per cent of what
it had been-all while that regime of
low taxes and non-interference which
DR.. Bush favors prevailed.
1t is very much too bad that Her.
man Oliphant died. He was member
of that committee; and he knew his
stuff. If he had been there even Dr.
Bush might have learned something.
X x x
The war break which everyone
fears at no great distance of time may
come in the west instead of in the
east; in Spain, not in Russia. The
French people are getting very tired
of having Italian troops and planes
and German cannon pouring in to help
the Spanish insurgents while France
and England will not even sell NUM-
tions or allow volunteers. Leon Blum,
former Premier, declared the other
day that such a situation "is no long
er either admissible or tolerable,"
and even Premier Daladier seems to
be losing patience.
Pretty clear stories are that the
French government is thinking seri-
ously of sending arms and munitions
to- the Loyalist Spanish government.
If this happens, the coming war may
not wait till spring.
X x X
A five-point "peace program" in di-
rect opposition to what he declares is
the present repetition of propaganda
and policies preceding our entrance in
to the World War was advocated in a
recent radio broadcast by Senator
Gerald P Nye of North Dakota. The
Nye program will be pushed by
group in Congress and therefore calls
for consideration and study, regard
less of what may be any individuals
opinion Of its merits. The program is
as follows:
Avoidance of being stampeded in
to "a wild spending in the name of
Defense; maintenance of the neu-
trality law (Which is the lone evidence
today that America learned anything
as a result of the last war"
Measures to prevent any possibility
of war profits to any citizens if this
country should go to war again;
adoption of an embargo making it un-
lawful for the United States to sell
munitions abroad in peacetime and
wartime alike.
Passage of a referendum giving the
people themselves the right to vote on
the question of this country's partici-
nation in anv foreign war
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-01-26
i j j + j. + + + i + + i j. i + + i
: Bills Of Interest to-
: Organized Labor :
i i ! j. ! j. j. i X ! j. i i i j. ! i
House

III. b. NO. SI-Huml, CuyanOga-CO.
To make additional allowances to
old age pensioners for hospital, dental
and surgical expenses.
H. B. No. 41-Monahan, Cuyahoga-
co.-To outlaw remuneration Of depu-
ty sheriffs, guards and policemen by
private individuals or corporations
during labor disputes.
H. B. No. Album, Cuyahoga-co.-
To prohibit the employment of women
as bartenders.
H. B. No. 50.-Best, Franklin-co.-
To provide for a moratorium on real
estate foreclosures until April 1, 1941.
H. B. No. 63-Whetro-Carney, Law
renee -Cuyahoga AGO. 's.-To reduce age
requirement for old age pensions to 60
and increase maximum pension to $40.
H. B. No. 64.-Whetro, Lawrence-co.-
To establish a state labor relations
act, guaranteeing collective bargain
ing in intra-state industry.
H. B. No. 65-Whetro, Lawrence
Ico.-To fix minimum wages and maxi
mum hours in intra-sta employment
AFL bill modelled after Federal wage
hour law.
H. B. No. 7S.-Ashbolt-H -Harter-
w h tro, Lorain- Summit-Lawrence-
co's.-Providing for establishment of
"a Bureau of Aid for the Physically
Handicapped.
H. B. No. 79. - Ashbolt- Harter-
Misunderstanding for the purchase
by public institutions of articles or
supplies produced by blind persons.
H. B. No. 80. - Ashbolt- t-Harter-
Whetro Relieving employers of
physically handicapped employees from
financial liability in event of further
injury.
H. B. No. 91-McGregor, Coshocton-
co.-Appropriating $5,O0O,0O0 for poor
relief to June 80, 1889.
II. B. No. 97-Huml, Cuyahoga- Co.
Limiting the working hours of firemen
and policemen to 8 hours day in all
cities.
H. B. No. 99-Hudlett, Cuyahoga-
co.-Prohibiting the sale of liquor and
beer on Sunday.
H. B. No. 124-Coughlin, Cuyahoga-
co.-Creating a state board of five ex-
aminers to regulate and license the
business of painting, decorating and
paper-hanging.
II. B. No. 129--Whetro, Lawrence
co.-Reducing the hours of labor on
public works from 4S to 40 in any one
week.
H. B. No. 133-Shellhouse, Mont
gomery -co.-Requiring state printing
and binding to carry Allied Printing
Trades Union Label; also requires
nonunion printing concerns to certify
that prevailing wage rates are paid
H. B. No. II X.z-Shellhouse, Mont
gomery co.-Refuiring political sub
divisions to have all printing and bind
ing done within the county when prac-
ticable; sworn statement that prevail
ing wage rates are paid made man.
datory when printing does not carry
Union Label.
Senate
S. b. No. 22.-Zoul, Cuyahoga-co.-
Providing for a 1l-member commission
to continue study of possibilities for
rehabilitation Of physically handicap
ped persons in Ohio.
X X X
Resolutions
II. J. Il. No. 6-Whetro, Lawrence
co-Memoralizing Congress to lower
old age pension requirements to 60
years and raise maximum pension to
$40 as federal aid contribution basis
II. j. r. No. l4-Reading, Lucas-co.
a constitutional amend
ment to be submitted to the electorate
providing for State Board of Educa-
tion, effective January /, 1910.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-01-26
WISDOM

have nowhere discovered in
this world a country in which
everything can be provided by
laws-Or in which political in
stitutiOns have ever or can ever
prove a substitute for common
sense and public morality.-A. G.
III. De T0cquevillc.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-01-26
ASKS BOOM TO HOME OWNERS

Washington, D. C.-Senator James
M. Mead, New York, introduced an
amendment to the Home Owners Loan
Corporation Act extending the amor
tization period for homes from Is to
25 years. The amendment also pro
vides that the HOLC may grant ex-
tensions at any time to shortages III
financial straits.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-01-26

Optimism is life-pessimism, slow
suicide.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-01-26
TRUTHS POWDERED WHILE
Riding at Anchor
MIR. MODESTUS
. HORSES TOO SLOW
. WAGES GO UP
. BOSTON" FIRST
LOCOMOTIVE
= COMING FAR

. BOSTON" FIRST
II LOCOMOTIVE
. COMING FAR
| Horses were too slow
In Pennsylvania, in 1886
For the Allegheny Portage Rail
road
Fifty-three miles long, over the
mountain,
Between canal terminals at Holli-
daysburg and Blairsville--
Expensive also, cosing from $12 to
SIG ton for the haul
So they authorized making and
using steam engines
Maximum weight of cars loads was
1000 pounds
Locomotive had eight inch cylinders,
sixteen inch stroke
Drive wheels were four feet, wood
EN- felloes and spokes-
With iron tire on the rim, and no
hanges-
Speed startled the natives, as we'll
as Charles Dickens
1t travelled 10 miles an hour
Steam pressure was 1875 pounds.
X X X
Mississippi waters
Beginning Of transcontinental rail
ways
Which hurried 81 years more for
completion
First rails were of pine or oak
Six inches wide by eight inches
deep
Carrying a fiat iron bar about IL
inches wide
Wooden rails were notched into
wooden ties
Those trains made SO miles day
Speed limit on mail trains was Is
miles an hour.
Before locomotives were used
The public used the rails for draw
ing their own traffic
Horses, driven tandem, were the
motive power
Impossible to make or keep any
schedules
Drivers could not agree on speed of
horses
Nor on proper feeding and resting
time for teams
So the cars got in each others way
on the rails
Calling for more or less picturesque
language
All of which was banished by the
more orderly locomotives
Because the horse-drawn outfits had
to get out of the way
So that, on the whole, the language
remained
Being changed to fit steam, speed
and switches
Instead of horse, mule and oats-hay
fuel
Wages Immediately began to go
Aristocrats operated those locomo-
tives-
Engineer Young drew down 81 a
day
LiitIliil daughters SOI HIS ,pl.lZ Y
per day
Mechanic Borrstead, repairing en-
gines, drew $1.3712 per day
"Roston" was the first locomotive
Made in Boston, at cost of $685.,
75-
Running continuously from May 10
to November 1, 1856
1t was laid up once for repairs,
which cost $l7.10-
Daily cost of running locomotive
was $712A-
Two others, made at New Castle,
cost only $500
But broke crank axles, after four
days
They even picked up a boat from
Susquehanna waters
Family, furniture, pigeons, and
all
Carried in on a special car over to
Ohio River
Resting at night "like Noah's Ark
on Ararat"-
On the top Of the mountain.
When you get to cussing about
modern roads and rails
1t is a good plan to look back 100
years, see how far we have come.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1939-01-26

He who laughs last is usually the
dunbest.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1939-12-20

Judging by the length Of time it
took those movie producers to pro-
duce "Gone With the Wind" had
they themselves fought the Civil war
we'd still be in it.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1939-12-20
TAR HEEL TANKMEN
MEET EIGHT FOES

Chapel Hill, Dec. 29-The Uni
versity Of North Cardinals second
season Of intercollegiate swimming,
listing eight dual meet, will be
featured by home contests with
Virginia Tech, V. M. l., Florida,
Washington and Lee and Duke, ac-
cording to the 1910 schedule released
today by Assistant Athletic Director
George Z. (Bo) Shephard
Florida William and Mary, and
Virginia Tech are newcomers to the
schedule
The Tar Heel mermen will open
their 1910 season against Virginia
Tech here January 90
The home program will be high
lighted by four meets whiting the
space of two weeks in February.
V. M. I. will be opposed February
10, Florida February 16, Washing
ton and Lee February II, and Duke
February q. All Of the home meets
will be held in the Bowman Grey
Memorial Pool.
The Tar Heels are coached by Dick
Jameson, former star at Rice In
stitue. Mr.. Jamerson coached at
Oberlin College in Ohio before COM
ing to Chapel Hill in the fall of
1888 as assistant freshman football
coach and head swimming tutor.
In their first season last winter,
the Tar Heels eat N. C. State and
W. and L. bu. lost to Duke twice.
and V. M. l. and Virginia once each.
The schedule follows:
Jan. 20-Virginia Tech at Chapel
Hill
Jan. 27-Virginia at Charlottes-
vile, Va.
Jan. 29-William and Mary at
Williamsburg, Va.
Feb. IN. c. State at Raleigh.
Feb. 10-V M. l. at Chapel Hill.
Feb. 16-Florida at Chapel Hill.
Feb. Washington and Lee at
Chapel Hill.
Feb. 22-Duke at Chapel Hill.
Mar. 1-2-Southern Conference
meet at Chapel Hill.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1939-12-20

1847-First line of 81 6n
tween, East St Louis and The East
complete.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1939-12-20

Durham. Dec. 20.-puhe'4 Li'lle
Blues" of basketball are n~y WIN
three pre-Christmas engagements
in the Baltimore sector this week,
but in the meantime. planS are IN
derway tor the formal opening OF
the new Duke gymnasium unit To De
held here on january 6.
The Little BlUcs" VIII entertain
the Tigers OF Princeton ua'Ng,,s.Y
on that date. and officials az plan
ming a brief prc-gafac program, de-
tails of which viii be st forth I2-
ter
Indications today were that a "fuli
house" would sit in on the contest
The Duke athletic office reports a
lively advance sale OF tickets. Every
seat in the new building viii be re-
served. Tickets for the Princeton
game and all other athletic events
will be handled in the same way as
the sale OF football tickets.
Dayton Dean, business manager
of the athletics. said today that tn"
new gym would be filled Tor the
first contest if interest shown since
the tickets went on sale last week
continues.
Fans attending the game are also
expected to take the opportunity OF
inspecting the new 9ylnnasium-One