davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-01-29
MYSTERIES OF FREAK WEATHER
Continued from pooe

Oregon. Illinois, The authenticity of
the report can hardly be doubted, for
a scientist attested it; but still other
testlmonyisneededtogiv give the phenom-
enon firm scientific standing If you
should ever see it. by all means try
to get photograph.
Almost every picture eyer taken of
tornado has been obtained by an
amateur - because few professional
photographers have ever seen lorna
does, and fewer still have had a chance
to photograph them.
Recently remarkable photograph
was published of a phenomenon
witnessed in Switzerland. 1t showed
big tube of fire, with spiral struc
ture, descending from the dark night
Evening star., 1939-01-29

sky. This awesome sight was called
spiral lightning, and it may have been
just freak discharge of atmospheric
electricity Or it may have been a
tornado, spouting fire as it churned
across the landscape. Such a tornado
was reported in 1882, near Rock
Rapids. Iowa - a savage twister that
emitted vivid jets of flame and showers
of sparks like huge dynamo gone
wild. The fire. which accompanied the
Iowa tornado and which scared across
the sky in Switzerland, was unques-
tionably of electrical origin.
Few phenomena in nature are more
spectacular than tornado, writhing
and roaring along its way, Wreaklng
destruction on every thing in its path
Some of them are huge. churning
tunnels of dust and debris; others are
long and sinuous, like gigantic whip
lashes. The camera has done much to
help us understand the nature of these
vicious destroyers.
If you prefer to be more leisurely
about your photography and to seek
beautiful pictures, watch the clouds
Perhaps you'll see them form human
face "a portrait of Lincoln, or of
Old Man Wind himself. Such cloud
formations have actually been photo
graphed. Or some day you may see
long rolls of clouds radiatlng from
some point on the horizon. like the
spokes of a giant wheel. "Noah's
Ark" or polar banks they are
called. Or you may see the mysterious
nacreous clouds which shine like
mother -of-pearl in the western sky,
long after sunset. These rare clouds
are believed to be formed by water
droplets. in the stratosphere.
Fogs, too, often take unusual forms.
Along the St. Lawrence River black
one is sometimes seen. And in Cape
Town, South Africa, fog often pours
over a precipice like an enormous
waterfall
Keep your camera ready Some day
the chance may come to get a picture
that will put money in your pocket,
and that scientists will welcome, too.
You may even get snapshot of some
natural phenomenon that has never
been recorded What an achievement
that would be,
Evening star., 1939-01-29

graphite wore down, the cord was un-
wound - principle still in use today
in the paper wrapped crayon pencils.
Metal holders were also used, and
again We see an old principle revived.
this time in the modern refill pencil.
But the ordinary wooden pencil, the
kind that can be sharpened with
knife, did not appear until 1888.
Pencil making had its troubles to-
ward the end of the eighteenth cen
tury. The Borrowdale mine showed
signs OF giving out; and then Eng
lands war with France entirely cut
off Europe's supply of graphite New
sources were discovered, notably in
Bohemia, Ceylon and Mexico, but the
purity Of Borrowdale graphite could
not be equaled. The new graphite
had to be refined This, in itself, was
simple enough. but how could the
powder that renamed be converted
into solid stick:
The answer came from France.
where one of the most brilliant minds
of the age solved the problem -
Nicolas Jacques Conte, a chemist,
painter and mechanical genius who
Evening star., 1939-01-29
AUMANITY'S HALL OF FAME
Their broins gave US pencils

Many of the familiar and indis-
bensdbie boons Of mankind hare been
g,ttS OF men and .women Who hare
been all but forgotten. Another of an
important series of articles that tell
about these unsung heroes.
HERE are few things more con-
stantly useful in present-day
u civilization than the ordinary
lead pencil, yet no one ever gives the
pencil a thought - except when there
isn't one handy For almost four
hundred years it has been the hand
maiden of science and literature, the
unnotlced but widely employed tool
of industry Anyone can afford one.
everyone has one, but who stops to
ask Where did it come from?'
1t was 374 years ago that the first
mention of lead pencil appeared.
\ picture. IN Conrad Gesner's en-
cyclopedla of 1865, shows wooden
tube holding what was thought to
be piece of black lead. But the
lead is really graphite, an almost
pure form of carbon, and it was the
discovery Of graphite at Borrowdale,
IN Cumberland. England, in 1864, that
made possible the pencil as we know
It today The fact that the metal was,
for while, thought to be a form of
lead is responsible for mlsnomer that
persists even today
At first the graphite was used as
medicine. but it wasn't long before
chunks Of it came to be used as mark
erS for branding sheep, and from there
the next step was short one In the
reign of James 1t was being sold by
the stick on the streets of London,
the hawkers crying:
Buy marking stones, marking
stones buy.
Much profit in their use doth
lie
The Borrowdale graphite was so
pure that It was sold in its natural
state The tastldlousness of those
who could write soon caused the sticks
to be wrapped with cord. and as the
Evening star., 1939-01-29
THIS WEEK MAGAZINE

was, at the moment, working on fly
ing balloons. The graphite problem
was more urgent than the balloons,
so he went to work on it. In 1875 he
found the answer Clay. Mix clay with
powdered graphite and you will have
lead pencils of any degree of hardness
desired.
Immediately pencil making leaped
from a craft to an industry. Josef
Hardtmuth, in Vienna, is reported to
have invented the clay principle at
the same time, but in any event the
English monopoly on graphite was
broken and the pencil industry spread
from Europe to America, where the
new continent supplied one of the
major necessities - red cedar, the
soft, straight grained wood in which
the lead is set.
The Borrowdale mine has long
since given out, and the names of
Conte and Hardtmuth have been all
but forgotten by the layman. But
those brilliant minds certainly deserve
inches in Humanity's Hall of Fame
for their contribution to the simple
little implement which, in the hand
of an Einstein making notes on the
cosmos, or in the hand of a child learn
ing the alphabet, has served the world
so staunchly for almost four centuries
-THEODORE kAGHAk
Evening star., 1939-01-29
new YORK LAW REQUIRES SERv-
ING COFFEE TO WORKERS.
True? Folse? J

The Industrial Code issued by the New
York State Department of Labor, Section
II. Rule 1853 covering tunnel workers.
states "a sufficient supply of hot coffee
and sugar shall be supplied to men work
ing in compressed air at the termination
Of shifts and during rest periods . -" The
fact is coffee dispelS fatigue. brings new
life to wearied muscles, quickens the brain.
Settlement in the headline obovs" is True.
Evening star., 1939-01-29
COFFEE DRINKING NEVER 4 CRIME
punishable BY bEATh.*
True? Folse2 |

One of the most interesting facts about coffee
is that it stimulates thinking increases men,
tai activity. And when people begin to think.
they become dangerous to tyrantS and to
foes of liberty of thought and action. kuprli,
military dictator of Constantnople in the
10th century made coffee-drinking crime.
Punishment for first offense. cudgeling Sec
ond offense-death the victim being sewed
in leather bag. alive, and thrown into the
BoSphorus.i
Statement in the headline above is False.
See an About COFFEE" by w. II. Ck'rS
1879 Pan Amerca Coffee Bureau New Yort CITY
Evening star., 1939-01-29
COFFEE HELPS YOU TO slEtP,* and

frequently prescribed by doctors for
insomnia sufferers. True? Folse?
Good coffee is ''waker-uppcr. When you re
dog tired, a piping hot cup of coffee chases
your fatigue. gives you new energy and cour-
age to carry on Both mind and body in
stantly respond to its invigoration. Yet 8.
cofre's pickup lasts only tmo hours' According
to medical authorities this is true with ~ out
of every 100 people. The coffee you drink
after dinner will have worn off by bedtime,
and will in no way disturb normal sleeping. If,
however emergency demands wakefulness.
coffee is the most efficient and harmless -
thing to use.
Settlement in the headline obovs' is Folss.
Evening star., 1939-01-29

TO DOCTORS AND sc'ENTssvs References to
the medical authorities for the tollocing
statements ,OiH be supplied on request.
Evening star., 1939-01-29

Settlement in the headline obovs" is True.
Evening star., 1939-05-05
Negro Social PorIey
At Howard u. Tomorrow

The fourth tri-state conference
on social problems among Negroes
will be held at Howard University
tomorrow under the auspices Of the
Washington Council of Social
Workers.
The all-day conference, attended
by delegates from Maryland, Vir-
ginia and the District, will have as
its theme "A Minority Group At
tacks Its Problems Comparatively"
The morning session, at which
Miss Anita r. Williams, president
of the Baltimore Social Workers
Evening star., 1939-05-05
STAR, WASHINGTON D. c.. FRIDAY MAY S. 1ese

prize to the doctor who because of
his accomplishments has been Sc
lected by the Award Committee to
be honored this year by the society.
DR.. Robert Oden. president of the
society, which is limited to IS active
members, will preside. Among the
distinguished guests to be intro
duced will be DR.. Don A. s. Boyd,
Ambassador of Panama; Represent
ative Jennings Randolph of West
Virginia, Representative Joseph
StarneS OF Alabama, DR.. Robert OLE
son, assistant surgeon general of the
United States Public Health Serv-
ice; the Rev. David j. McCauley, S.
j., dean Of the Georgetown Univer-
Evening star., 1939-05-05

Round Table, will preside, will fea.
ture addresses by representatives Of
labor, the National Association for
the Advancement of Colored Peo-
pie, the Negro Congress, the New
Negro Alliance and the Urban
League.
Charles H. Wesley, dean Of the
Howard University Graduate School,
will speak at the luncheon meeting
on Backgrounds Of the Negro's
Struggle for Status"
The afternoon session will be de-
voted to a question period and open
discussion with Howard H. Long,
president Of the Washington Coun-
Gil of Social Workers, presiding.
Evening star., 1939-05-05

sity Medical School: DR.. william J.
Mallory, president Of the Medical
Society of the District Of Columbia;
DR.. Walter Bloedorn, acting dean,
George Washington University Med
ical School; DR.. Loring T.. Swain,
chief, Robert Brigham Hospital.
Boston; DR.. Emil Novak, associate
professor. Johns Hopkins Univer-
sity Hospital, and Dr.. William Ger
ry Morgan, former president OF the
American Medical Association.
DR.. Frank E. Gibson, chairman of
the Banquet Committee, announces
that the evenings entertainment
will conclude with . carnival of
fun"
Evening star., 1939-05-05
Senator Reynolds
To Address Doctors

Senator Reynolds, Democrat, of
North Carolina will deliver the prin-
cipal address at the Forty-second
annual dinner of the Washington
Medical and Surgical Society tomor-
row night at the Mayflower Hotel.
Senator Reynolds will discuss
Foreign Invasion" and, it is un-
derstood, will apply this subject to
foreign doctors coming in to the
United States in large numbers.
A feature of the evening will be
presentation of the Frank E. Gibson
Evening star., 1939-05-05
Summers Recovering

Representative Hatton W. Sum-
ners of Texas, chairman of the
House Judiciary Committee, was
reported resting well today at
George Washington Hospital follow
ing an operation for hernia. The
operation was performed Wednes-
day.
Evening star., 1939-05-05

Purkyukurkus Is Father
HOLLYWOOD, May S R.-An IL
pound son was born today at Cedars
Hospital to Mrs. Harry Einstein,
wife of Parkyakarkus, radio and
screen comedian.
Horse sense Is more dependable
than horseshoes in traffic safety.
Evening star., 1939-12-08

The Rev. Paul Wesley Yinger,
whose late father. the Rev. George
Daniel Yinger, was a clergyman,
was ordained last night as new pas
tor of Cleveland Park Congrega-
tional Church, Thirty-fourth and
Lowell streets NV. His mother and
two brothers, all of the clergy, helped
In the ordination.
Mrs. Emma Yinger, his, mother,
hew to Washington from her home
in Lansing, Mich, to be present at
the event. and the brothers, the
Rev. G. Dempster Yinger, pastor of
the First Methodist Church at AL
5ion, Mich, and the Rev. Clement
B. Yinger of Haverhill Mass, also
were present.
Mrs. Yinger read the Scripture,
and she looked proudly on from the
platform as the Rev. Mr.. Dempster
Yinger offered the invocation.
Later in the services the Rev.
Mr.. Clement Yinger gave the charge
to his brother: the Rev. Howard
Stone Anderson, pastor Of First
Congregational Church, offered the
prayer of ordination and installa-
ton, and DIR. Fred S. Buschmeyer,
pastor Of Mount Pleasant Congrega-
tional Church, delivered the charge
to the church.
The newly ordained minister gave
the benediction.
DR.. David E. Roberts, dean Of stu
dents at Union Theological Semi
nary, New York, where the Rev.
Mr.. Yinger studied recently, gave
Evening star., 1939-12-08
n. R. A. Labor Review
Boards S Authority
Questioned in Pay Suit
Contractor Holds Court
Killed Body When voidins
Laws Works Section

A wage suit in District Court has
raised a question whether the Su-
preme Court decision which killed
the industrial code provisions of the
old National Recovery Act also in
validated the works section of the
statute under which the old N. r. A.
Board of Labor Review operated.
The point is considered of such
Importance that Justice Bolitha j.
Laws, before whom the case came
for pre-trial Wednesday, certified
onicially that an act of Congress had
been challenged and directed that
the hearing be postponed until jan
uary 4 at 2 pm. to give the Govern
ment an opportunity to intervene If
desired. Should Attorney General
Frank Murphy desire, a three-judge
constitutional court will sit in the
matter.
The plaintiffs are workmen who
were engaged on a District sewer
project in Anacostia. They are rep
resented by Attorney Byran G. Car
son. The defendants are Michael
del Balso, Inc, of New York, the
contractor, and seven concerns
which wrote the firms surety bond
for the work.
The workmen ask back wages to-
falling $6,651 and penalty award
under the bond, contending that in
working on the sewer job between
August, 1894, and December. 1895,
they failed to get the wage scale
called for by the contract, and that
the contractor refused to be bound
by the boards ruling emitting them
to this scale.
The contractor holds that the
Evening star., 1939-12-08
S l00,000,000 Credit
For Firms Urged

Extension by the United States Of
a hundred -million-dollar credit"
to Finland for bolstering the Films
defense against Russia is favored by
the Department Of the Potomac,
Army and Navy Union.
A resolution containing such
recommendation was unanimously
approved by the organizations an
nual convention Wednesday night
at the District Building.
Milton ]. Eckert was reelected
department commander. Other Of
ficers named include Julius Morris,
senior vice commander: Aubrey j.
Grier, first junior vice commander;
Howard Thrasher, second Junior
vice commander; Solomon Feldman,
third junior vice commander; James
M. Lynch, fourth junior vice COM
mander; William B. Covert, chief
of stalf; Leo D. Ramm, adjutant;
Charles Bodine, paymaster; DR..
Garrett c. Rush. surgeon, and Nor
ris I. Perry, Judge advocate.
Evening star., 1939-12-08
Family Aids in Ordination
Of New Minister

the sermon to an audience which
witnessed the rites In the audi
torium Of the Cleveland Park
church.
Representatives of Is local and
nearby Congregational churches,
whose ministerial and lay leaders
formed an ecclesiastical council and
examined the candidate, were pres
ent.
Mrs. Yinger now has four sons
who are pastors. The Rev. Homer
Yinger, another brother of the new
pastor, was unable to attend. He
is assistant minister Of the Plymouth
Congregational Church of Minneap-
oils.
Evening star., 1939-12-08
White House Paint
Request Stirs Up
Political Comment

By the Associated Press.
The House Appropriations
Committee has received a re-
quest for funds to paint the
White House.
Looks like the administra-
ton is expecting a new occu-
pant" theorized one Republican
member. "A new paint job is
customary under such circum-
stances, isn't it,"
Evening star., 1939-12-08

board was killed when the N. r. A.
was outlawed by the Supreme Court
on May q, 1885. Defense counsel
are William c. Sullivan, Joseph C.
Turco and Frank de NunZio.
Evening star., 1939-12-08

An exciting collection of popular
mercerized 6x3 rib Isle hose. Long
wearing, good looking, embroidered
with two-tone clocks that appeal to
gay young men and their more con-
servative fathers. A wife gift for any
man.
Kanns Mems Store-Street Floor.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-08-25
no Uniformed Policemen Duty at City Hall Last Night
Tata Denies Union
 Limits Membership
Issues Statement Denying Published Charges Calls
 Story "Unfar Picture' of Situation Here

Rudolph Tata, business agent oi the local Truck Drivers union, de- clared in a statement today that g story gave Waterbury unfair picture" in regard to admis- sion of new members to the organ ization.
 He denies that new members are refused admission so that present union members can work overtime and says that the unions aim is tc spread worw as far as possible.
 MT. Tata's statement follows:
 Contrary to the statement made in the Bridgeport Herald to the effect that the union delegates including myself have been trying to explain away the action of the Teamsters' union in rejecting new applicants for membership in our union, I wish to state very definitely that we have not gone around trying to explain the &C., ton of our bdoy.
 The Herald has put out very unfair picture of the situation in their paper and so that our side of the picture may be presented to the public, I wish to state that our local union has enjoyed very pleasant and cooperative associa- ton with our employers over a period of years and has never all lowed shipments to be stymied due to the fact htat we could not fur nish men and they could not hire non-union men.
 Overtime Work
 The action of the body in re- gard to rejection of new applicants is we'll taken and will continue to remain so until such time as the industry warrants additional mem- bers to supply the demand of our employers. AS to the statement of the Herald, that our un.on eX- cludes men so that our men can without foundation as the fact work overtime, that is entirely that there $ a me-and-one-half penlty attached to overtime proves to any fair minded person that the principles of our organization is to discourage overtime and spread the work amongst more men and at the same time get a maximum of wages for our men for our men for a minimum working week.
 We have carried an unemployed list of about thirty men for over 8 period of year and these were men in good standing in our union and because of slight increase in business over the course of the past month when all our men were working, it would have been foolish for our union to take in more members until it could be assured that the increase in busi- ness was here to stay for while. If we had done it differently and accepted an initiation fee from new members and business drop ped again after a week or two it would not be very fair te those men who paid money in tc be left without job and minust their initiation fee in a month ol so.
 As to freight being held up fol
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-08-25
QUALIFICATIONS
 FACING PRIMARY
Opposition to Candidacy of Alderman Perriello
 Starts Fight in Ranks

The Perriello- for mayor boom is expected to be furthered at a meet ing of the Young Mems Republican club at The Elton tonight at 8:30. The meeting will be preceded by an informal caucus at 8 o'clock.
 Friends of the Aldermanic Presi- dent Patrick M. Perriello feel that the Republican town organizatio is making an attempt to side track him as a G. O. P. candidate, and plan strong battle against titular leaders of the party.
 An anti-Perriello move was seen in the strong endorsement given at recent banquet to the candidacy of Anthony Petrillo as Republican candidate for tax collector. If MT. Petrillo is given this important nom- nation, there is little likelihood that MT. Perriello would receive the mayoralty nomination from the or ganizatio forces.
 The situation may lead to a Re- publican primary battle, with Alder man Perriello leading a slate offered in opposition to that of the organi- zation. An attempt to weaken MT. Portfolios strength among Italian voters is seen in the strong back ing being given MT. petrillo.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-08-25
Dictatorship Here Says Good Goueynn1ent Leader Harold F. White in Public Statement Urges Adoption of City Manager Charter in October
 Referendum.

Waterbury has a dictatorship that can be ended only by adoption of the city manager charter in the October referendum, declared Harold F. White, president of the Citizens Good Government association, in a blis- tering statement today.
 The statement is replete with such words as shameful" selfish" pup pets and stooges,' rust for power" " etc.
 Following is MT. Whites state- ment:
 Last nights meeting of the Board of Aldermen proves con- clusively that Waterbury has a dictator who is beyond reach of the people! It has been driven home to us in no uncertain terms the necessity of voting ives" on the city manager plan under which such dictatorship is impossible. Under the city manager plan, the city council, elected by the people and responsible to them,-is the all powerful body. The city manager may be suspended from office by a majority vote of the council at any time. He may be permanently removed from office by a ma jority vote of the council after 8 public hearing.
 Waterbury's chief executive of- ficer, - who stands before us as man found by jury guilty of a shameful crime, = has been, and now is holding office against the will of the majority of our decent and aroused citizens. He holds office in spite of last nights n1a- jority vote of the Board of Alder men to oust him for good cause. Waterbury stands in shame before the nation because man of whom a jury said guilty" is still the city's chief executive. For all that now appears he may remain in office for several months.
 The people of Waterbury now have driven home to them in an all too painful manner that their present city charter can, and has, made it possible for Waterbury to have dictator. A dictator who is beyond the reach of the people and who defies the people to do any, thing about it. We have a city charter which has made it possi- ble for a dictator to place his puppets and stooges in office with him, not to serve the people, but to serve their own selfish aims and their lust for power. All this at the expense of the citizens and taxpayers who, under the city charter, are helpless to remove them.
 Waterbury must and will throw out this present city charter which gives us a dictator, and replaces it with the city manager plan,- a plan of peoples rule! Vote j"YES" October third.
 Harold F. White,
 President, C.G.G.A.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1939-08-25
REPORT FILED ON
 ATCHIS0N ESTATE
Late Resident of Middle bury Left Assets of $l4,-
 597 Appraisal Shows

An estate of $14,597.O8 was left by the late Daisy I. Atchison, of Mid dlebury, according to an inventory filed with Judgde Patrick Healey in probate court today.
 Two pieces of real estate in Mid- dlebury, one a farm on Three Mile hill, and the other on Highview avenue, are valued together at $11,- $40.
 Other assets include automobile, $175; automobile, $50; farm equip ment and tools, $10; two horses, $200; one bull, $50; 18 COWS, $950; two heiffers, $40; furniture and household effects, SIP.
 Bank accounts include: Water bury Trurst Co.,. $938.88; Waterbury Savings Bank, $107; Coloniel Trust Co.,, $101.
 Cash, on hand amounted to $274.12.