davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-09-22
Hull Asserts Rights
OF u. ). 10 Chance
Neutrality Policies
Declares BeIIieerents
Change Rules, Methods
During HostiIities

The United States has the right
of any neutral nation to change its
national policies whenever necessary
to protect its own interests and
safety, Secretary of State Hull as
serted yesterday in denying charges
that it would be unneutral to repeal
the arms embargo during the Euro
pean war.
I'm advocating repeal of the en-
barge provisions of the Neutrality
Act, we are endeavoring to return
to more rational position and one
that is more in keeping with real
neutrality under international law"
Secretary Hull said, adding:
'The question whether such pro-
posed action is unneutral should
not, in my judgment, be matter of
serious debate"
Fears Inflexible Embargo.
The Secretary stated his attitude
informally in reply to questions at
his press conference, declaring he
had told Congress long ago that the
inf1exible embargo provisions were
more likely to get us into trouble
than to keep US out Of it because
they placed us in an unneutral posi-
ton by departing from the princi-
Piles Of international law. Later
Mr.. Hull issued formal statement
to amplify his position.
Most of the progress made in the
development Of the law of neutrality
has been made by acts or steps
taken during war" the statement
pointed out. 1T is common knowl-
edge that belligerents change their
rules, practices, methods and policies
In various directions during the
progress of hostilities.
THE law of neutrality has been
developed in the direction of recog-
nizing greater rights in the neutral
than he was formerly able to assert.
If neutrals were required to deter
mine upon their policy in advance
of war and in advance of conditions
which they cannot possibly foresee,
and to hold rigidly to that policy
throughout the war while the bel
ligerents are adopting such new
policies as they may see fit to adopt,
regardless of their damaging effect
upon neutrals, determination of the
rights and duties of neutrals and
belligerents would be left primarily
In the hands of the belligerents.
This Is not in accord with my
understanding of the basic prin-
ciples of the law of neutrality"
Mr.. Hull emphasized that he was
not implying that such action as re-
peal Of the arms embargo may be
taken at the behest or in the inter-
est Of one of the belligerents, ut
being understood that any measures
taken shall apply impartially to all
belligerents."
He pointed out that there never
has been in our times more wide
spread publicity and notice in ad-
vance of the outbreak of war of a
change in our policy than there has
been in this instance" citing par =
ticularly President Roosevelt's state
ment that Congress would be re-
convened to consider neutrality leg
islation in the event Of war.
Secretary Hulls statement yes
terday followed one several days ago
in which he served notice that,
despite some restrictions placed on
American actions by the so-cal.ed
Neutrality Act, the United States
had not abandoned any Of its rights
under international law and would
take practical and prudent" steps
Evening star., 1939-09-22
Army Shifts Five Units
In Defense Expansion
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Five Army units were ordered
shifted to new stations today, partly
as result of the reinforcement Of
Panama and Puerto Rico defenses.
Announcing the transfers, Secre.
tary of War Woodring said vacated
posts would be regarrisoned to their
maximum housing capacity. He said
the changes of station were incident
to the Regular Army's expansion to
227, 900 men ordered by President
Roosevelt as a national emergency
measure.
The I'd Battalion of the 25th Field
Artillery will be transferred in Oc-
tober from Madison Barracks, N. Y,
to Fort Ethan Allen, VT. The unit
will replace a battalion Of the 7th
Field Artillery, which is under or
ders to sail for Puerto Rico about
October 8.
One battalion of the 26th Infan.
try, minus one rife company and a
heavy weapon company, will move
from Platsburg Barracks, N. Y, to
Madison Barracks as replacement.
The 61st Coast Artillery Anti
Aircraft Regiment was ordered from
Fort Sheridan, Ill, to man Portland
tMeo Harbor defenses. 1t will re-
place the 5th Infantry, which is
under orders to sail about October
81 for Panama.
One rifle company of the Sd Bat
talon, 4th Infantry, was ordered
shifted from Fort Lincoln, N. Dak.,
to Fort Missoula, Mont.
The 18th Field Artillery, less the
I'd Battalion, will be transferred from
Fort Francis E. Warren, Wyo., to
Camp Ord, Calf. Camp Ord is .
sub-post of the Presidio of Mon
terey, where the I'd Battalion Of
the 18th Field Artillery is stationed
now.
Evening star., 1939-09-22
Hungary Interning
Thousands Of Poles
Fleeing Conquerors
Refugees Leove Towns
Dripping With Blood
Under Terrorist Rule
BY ELMER w. PETERSON.

ASSOCIATED Press Foreisn Correspondent.
VERECzKE. Hungary (at the
Polish frontier), Sept. 22.-The final
internment of thousands of Polish
soldiers and officers, routed by the
German and Soviet Russian inva-
sions, was started today here on
Hungarian soil.
Meanwhile, German units consoli-
dated their occupation of frontier
points. AS fleeing Poles moved
down one side of the Carpathians
the conquerors of Poland climbed
the other toward the strategic bor-
der passes.
Reports on how the Germans and
Russians would divide the Polish
Carpathians were still confused.
Generally Hungarians believed the
division would be about equal, with
the Russians taking the two large
passes which link Northeastern
Hungary to Poland.
| Long professions of Polish in
fantrymen and cavalrymen, with
their guns and supply carts, moved
through darkened frontier villages
before dawn, en- route to internment
camps.
Silently the tired men and their
weary animals slogged through the
mud. Occasionally dim light from
a nearby window fell upon drawn
faces, but most of the time the
marchers were muffled in darkness
ghostly procession of the defeated.
Refugees coming through the Car
pathian passes brought tales Of wild
rule over small section of Poland
by rowing bands of Ukrainians
whose signal for action apparently
was the start last Sunday of the
Russian occupation.
There were stories of day-lonp
battles between Ukrainians and
Polish police, of Poles and Jews
alike killed in a wave of looting
and destruction which completed
the havoc started by German bomb
ing planes. Entire villages were
said to have been burned.
Polish officers arriving on Hun
garian soil told of escaping from
between the Closing jaws of the
German-Russian wise only to come
upon small villages which "dripped
with blood from the activities of
the terrorist bands.
How the terrorists obtained their
arms and ammunition was a mys.
terry.
Evening star., 1939-09-22
Hull Statement Text
Recognizes Rights of U. S. to Change
Neutrality Policies During War

The teri OF a statement issued
yesterday by Secretary OF State HUI
on neutrality tollops:,
In my testimony during the
hearings before the Senate Com
mittee on Foreign Relations in the
early part of 1896, I made as clear
statement on that point (change
in Neutrality Act through lifting the
arms embargo following the out
break of war; as I could, namely,
that most of the progress made in
the development of the law of neu-
trality has been made by acts or
steps taken during war.
1t is common knowledge that bel
ligerents change their rules, prac-
tices, methods and policies in var
ious directions during the progress
OF hostilities. The law Of neutrality
has been developed in the direction
of recognizing greater rights in the
neutral than he was formerly able
to assert.
II neutrals were required to deter
mine upon their policy in advance
OF war and in advance of conditions
which they cannot possibly foresee,
and to hold rigidly to that policy
throughout the war while the bellig-
erents are adopting such new poll
cies as they may see fit to adopt
regardless of their damaging effect
upon neutrals, determination of the
rights and duties of neutrals and
belligerents would be left primarily
IN the hands Of the belligerents.
This is not in accord with my un-
derstanding of the basic principles
OF the law of neutrality. 1t harks
back to the days when belligerents
regarded neutrals as friends or en-
emies, depending upon whether
they were willing to do the bid :
ding Of the belligerent.
think that you will find from
a careful analysis of the underlying
principles of the law of neutrality
that this Nation, or any neutral
nation, has a right during war
to change its national policies
whenever experience shows the ne
cessity for such change for the
protection of its interests and safe
ty. I do not mean to be under
stood as saying that such action
may be taken at the behest or in
the interest of one of the contend
ing belligerents, 1t being understood,
of course, that any measures taken
shall apply impartially to all bellig-
erentS.
In advocating repeal of the en-
barge provisions of the so-called
Neutrality Act, we are endeavoring
to return to more rational position
and one that is more In keeping
Evening star., 1939-09-22
Dies Probers Recall
Marlin 5 Investigation
In Quizzing Lawyer
Reeht Tell Of Aiding
Russiun Citizens in
Inheritance Cases
By JAMES E. CHINN.

The House Committee on Un-
American Activities today presented
a flashback of the Senate's inves-
tigation Of 1918 and 1919 of Ludwig
G. K. Martins, first "unofncial" Am
bassador Of the Soviety Union to
this country, as 1t questioned
Charles Recht, New York lawyer.
Mr.. Recht, who was designated
as an ofIicial agent of the U. S. S. R
In 1920 and 1921 to wind up
the affairs of Martins in this coun-
try following his return to Russia
also told of his other activities as
legal representative Of Russian
citizens In insurance and inheri-
tance cases.
Committee members said the ex-
animation Of Mr.. Recht was de-
signed to build up q background
for questioning later of a "mys-
terry witness" who is expected to tell
of various Soviet financial trans
actions in the United States.
Representative Starnes, Democrat
of Alabama, who served as acting
chairman this morning in the alb
sence of Chairman Dies. said this
willing witness will spill the beans
Mr.. Recht said he had made seven
or 'ght trips to Russia between
1922 and 1896, partly for business
purposes and partly for pleasure
He explained the business part OF
the trips concerned inheritance and
insurance matters, pointing out that
at one time he handled 10000
cases of foreigners who had claims
against American insurance COM
panies.
Chairman Dies had told newspa-
permen several days ago Mr.. Recht
was an important" witness and hao
been evading service of subpoena
But as soon as the New York lawyer
took the stand, he denied vigorously
he had attempted to dodge" the
committee subpoena. He explained
he had been on vacation at the time
the committee attempted to reach
him and that he had never beer
served with subpoena.
Mr.. Recht told of several round.
the-world trips he had made, ane
mentioned the names of prominent
officials in Czech-Slovakia, China
and other countries whom he hac
interviewed. One of these wa.
President Benes of the late republic
of CZecho- o-Slovakia.
When the committee finished ex.
animation of Mr.. Recht, it callec
another session for 1870 pm. t<
question the so-called mystery wit.
ness but a half hour later thai
session was Cancelled. No date has
been fixed for the next hearing.
Evening star., 1939-09-22
If any of its rights should be

if any of its rights should be
violated.
The current controversy over re-
peal Of the arms embargo and its
relation to international law has
stimulated wide interest in the
history of international law, which
is the slow outgrowth of custom and
compact among nations, generally
arising from war and conquest.
1t has developed largely from the
protests of neutral nations against
the invasion of their peace and Sc
curity by nations at war, evolving
through the centuries in spirit Of
protest against international anarchy
as set of principles governing the
sovereign rights of nation.
But there is no court for enforcing
it. The International Court at The
Hague conciliates differences be-
tween nations, but 1t cannot enforce
its decisions.
International law depends for its
effective execution primarily on ap-
proval or condemnation by world
opinion Of the actions Of certain
nations.
Evening star., 1939-09-22

that yesterday German Propaganda
Minister Goebbels vigorously denied
Germany intended to violate the
neutrality either of these countries
or Of Luxembourg
That perhaps will not quiet the
anxiety of Nazidoms little neigh
bors, or the allies. But quite apart
from any moral aspect of the case,
the propaganda ministers assertion
sounds like sense.
The Reason for the Concentration.
There could be no point in Ger
many's trying to break through that
way, excepting as a measure of des-
peration when everything else had
failed.
This isn't 1914. The element of
surprise which Germany invoked
then is lacking now. The road to
the coast no longer Is as open as 25
years ago.
Both Belgium and Holland are
prepared to defend their neutrality.
Evening star., 1939-09-22

=, A disturbance is moving eastward over
the Dakotas. Dickinson, N. OAK. 10122
millibars (29.s9 inchesl. and pressure re-
mains low over California, San Diego,
100S.5 millibars COTS inches. The dis
tnrbance that was OF the South Atlantic
coast Thursday morning has moved north,
eastward over the ocean and is central
this morning about 900 miles east OF
the Virginia Capes. with lowest pressure
about 1G0e1 miiliSars l2a.71 inehes1; and
trough extends thence southwestward
to the Yucatan Peninsula; Fort Myers,
Fla. 10102 millibars .(29.s3 inches).
disturbance of marked intensity is over
extreme Western Alaska Dutch Harbor,
sure prevails over Northern Alaska and
the greater part Of the United States;
,nchesl; and Cincinnati, Ohio. 1920 mill.
bars (30.1S inches). Fair weather has
prevailed almost generally. except for
showers in Southern Florida. The weather
has become cooler In the Ohio Valley and
the ATLANTIC states. while the temperature
has risen from Idaho eastward to Michi-
gan and abnormally high temperature, con-
tinues In California, Los Angeles and San
Diego both reported a maximum Of 106
degrees Thursday afternoon. and the min
tmum at Los Angeles this morning was
"a degrees.
Evening star., 1939-09-22
Dies Seeks indictment
OF Witness Accused
Of Concea|ing Facts
F.. S. Gardner Had
Applied for Committee
Investigator Post

Chairman Dies of the House Com
mittee on American Activities
appeared today before the District
Court grand jury, seeking, according
to authoritative reports, an indict-
ment against Fraser S. Gardner,
political researcher" for statements
made before the committee.
Some time ago, Mr.. Gardner
sought a position as investigator for
the Dies committee. Placed under
oath, he denied to the committee
that he ever had worked for the
Silver Shirts. At the same time,
Chairman Dies pointed out, the wit
ness admitted he had been employed
for the last six months by the Sky
land Press, publisher of the Liber-
ator, magazine of the Silver Shirts.
Mr.. Gardner insisted that in doing
this work he had no official connec-
ton with the William Dudley Pei
ley organization.
Attorney Tells of Offer.
George E. Sullivan, Washington
attorney, who was observed today
waiting in the grand jury anteroom,
testified before the Dies committee
that Mr.. Gardner had offered him
''inside information" on the COM
aittee's plans, at price. Mr.. Gard
ner, recalled to the stand by the
committee, denied this,
The committee then issued state
ment asserting that lit appears that
the witness (Gardner) concealed and
denied material facts for the pur-
pose of securing employment with
the committee as investigator, in
which position he would be able to
act as undercover agent for an
organization which is opposed to and
which Is attempting to sabotage
this investigation"
FihelIy to Study Evidence.
United States Attorney David A.
Pine, advised of the situation, as
signed Assistant United States At
torney John w. Fihelly to study the
committees transcript of evidence
and decide if there was ground for
an indictment.
Representative Dies was accom-
panied to the Court House by Robert
E. Stripping, committee secretary,
and Rhea Whitley, its counsel. Mr..
Pine and Mr.. Fihelly were in the
grand jury room while the chairman
testified. Assisting in the investiga-
ton was Assistant United States At
torney Eugene Carusi, who regularly
aids the grand jury in its inquiries.
If an indictment is voted in the
Gardner case, it probably will be re-
turned in court next week. The
term Of the current grand jury ends
at the close of the month.
Evening star., 1939-09-22
Czech Revolt Seen Forerunner
Of Uprising in Germany
Gibbs Says Seeds Of Suspicious, Already
Planted, Will Sprout Within Year or Two
BY SIR PHILIP GIBBS.

LONDON Sept By RadiooThe revolt Of the czech being
with fighfu ruhness
system Of
stamped by blood terror but
Hitler his
enslavd
and her darkest fear.
Strangely Hmmler,
police Black Guards among
German leaders, who made this prophecy
before the annexation
European war an
Evening star., 1939-09-22
Report for Last "a Hours.

Record for Last "A Hours.
(From noon yesterday to nopn todayo
Aighest. rs, 3:45 pm. yesterday. Year
ago. 6S.
Lowest, 81, 4 am. today. Year ago. 48.
Record Temperatures This YesI
Highest, 100. on September 8.
Lowest, II, on February 23.
Humidity for Last "a Hours.
from noon yesterday to noon today)
Highest. 81 per cent. ut AN. today.
Lowest, 40 per cent. at noon today.
Precipitation.
Monthly precipitAtion in inches In the
Capital (current month to date):
Evening star., 1939-09-22
Racing Results
Rockingham
By the Associated Press.

~ the hSSOCldIeQ fIebS.
FIRST RACE-Purse. $500; claiming;
3-year-olds and up; l mile.
Ellen H (McRoberts) 100 700 420
Whisk Briar (Allgier) TAO $50
The Serf (Taylor) $40
Time. 1:41+s.
Also ran-Big Bully Tadpole. Ampk,
West Acre. Flag Post and Modem Youth
Evening star., 1939-09-22
Weather Report
FURNISHED BY the I

Colmbia-Fair tonight and
variable winds becoming moderate
VrginiaFair tonight
Sunday showers and cooler
West
and night Sunday.
Evening star., 1939-09-22

LATEST "DEMARCATION LINE" POLAND-Map showing the
split OF Poland for occupaional purposes
German-Rusan agreement in Berlin today with
drawing her armies to the continuous
formed by the PISA Narew Vstua and Rivers
saw on the west bank of the Vula remains in German
which is shaded pointed that future
would not necessarily follow this ne
to be occupied by Russian armies includes several major cities
Lubin Luck, Lwow Brest-Ltovsk) Biaystok
Wlno. "A. p Wrephoto
Evening star., 1939-09-22

Most pedestrians killed were in
the prime Of life and health. OBJ
serve the rules and stay that way.
Evening star., 1939-09-22
Unerring Is 5-to-2 Fuvorite
In $4,000 Potomac at 'Grow'
Special Dispatch to The Star.

O
HAvRE DE GRACE Md, Sept Unerring
5to2 favore to capture the $4,000 Potomac
feature. The official follows
Evening star., 1939-09-22
Summary Of
Todoy's Star

Foreign.
Turks predict pact with Soviet may
win Russia over. Page Al
Nazis withdraw forces, leave East
Poland to Soviet. Page Al
British announce victory over Nazs
in air. Page Al
Assassination of Calinescu threatens
Balkan balance. Page AS
Washington and Vicinity.
Ferguson and Call win first events
in regatta races. Page Al
Washington Jews observe Yom Kip
pur atonement day. Page B-1
Holdup men get 1920 in early morn
ing robberies here. Page B-1
Ofhcials seek to keep District visiting
teacher project. Page B-1
Evening star., 1939-09-22
River Report.

River Report.
Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers clear
at Harpers Ferry: Potomac slightly muddy
at Great Falls today.
Tide Tables.
Furnished by United States Coast and
Gendetic Survey
Evening star., 1939-09-22
The Sun and Mo,
Weather in Various Cities.

Automobile lights must
one-half hour after sunset
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1939-10-27
P|PP DEFENDS
CHAMPIONSHIP
WON YEAR AGO
Dente, Tato, MarineIli
Among Strong Local
Challengers
By HUGO CHoP-CHoP

From every indication and then
some, Wally Pipp, the almost hair
less Hartford italian viii have his
troubles holding his own" that is,
defending the Brass City Sweep
stakes bowling title he won year
or so ago with q six game total of
849, an average Of 141 plus. Tomor-
row afternoon and evening, the fifth
annual Brass City gets under way at
the Mattatuck alleys in charge of
General Gene Casey, Rear-Admiral
Ray Stone and Brigadier Bernie
Mohill, all Of whom predict bet
ter total pinfall than $40 will be
needed to take this years event and
the $1,000 prize money that goes with
it.
From scores hung up at the Mat
tatuck by such woodworkers as Bill
Tato, 10th best duckpin bowler in
the nation: Eddie Marinelli, the In
dustrial league high average man
to date; Jack Raynor, Bill "Bozo''
Dente who recently moved from
Bridgeport to Waterbury; Dom Pape,
Sammy zaza, Tommy Scully, George
Simpson, AL Drexler and others,
there will be plenty of local opposi-
ton for such visiting alley stars as
Pipp, Jack White, Nick Tronsky,
Tony Ianarone. Ben Kcsky, Billy
Wiederack, Johnny Bianchi, Car
mody and Hunter Of New Haven,
and Mike Bogino Of Avon.
Big Field
The boys get rolling at p. m. six
games for a first prize of 500 guar
anteed, and other prizes depending
upon the entry list which will be
from go to rs according to WORD
from General Casey who has charge
Of major arrangements. The entire
Mattatuck team Of the Southern
Connecticut league which rolled an
1888 set and til game in successive
weeks, is also entered including Har-
old st. Mary, Benny Stokes. Jack
Slattery, Harry Gregory and Tommy
Civitate. In his present form Civil
tate has a real chance to cop the
Brass City event won by Pipp last
year with $40.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1939-10-27
HOOPER TOHEAD
INDOOR BASEBALL

Boston, Oct. H. (UP) Harry
Hooper, a Boston Red Sox Immortal
as a member Of the Speaker-Lewis-
Hooper outfield, probably win man
age the Boston entry in the new Ma
tional Professional Indoor Baseball
League, 1t was believed today.
Formation of the league was an
nounced here yesterday by Huntinf-
ton r. (Tack) Hardwick, former
Harvard All-America football player.
Ten teams will compete in two di-
visions with the eastern leaders
meeting the western winner In a.
arch world series. Each team will
play So gamec.
Other teams in the eastern di-
vision viii be new York, Brooklyn,
Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. The
western circuit will be composed Of
Chicago. Detroit, Cleveland, Gin
cinnati and st. Louis. Boston plays
at Philadelphia in the opener, Nov.
IT.
Identified with the "soft-balp
league will be such famous sports
names as Iris Speaker, as league
president; Gabby Street, Gus Dorais,
Waite Hoyt, Moose Mccormick, Bill
Wambsganns and William r. Carey.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1939-10-27
CHICAGO RAG SEEKS
SCALP OF COACH

Chicago, Oct. q - U.P.) - The
University of Chicago student mag
azine. pulse" came out today with
an editorial suggesting the outright
removal of Football Coach Clark
Shaughnessey, and made a plea for
alumni subsidization of football
players.
The Pulse is the second student
publication to deride the Univer-
sity's athletic policy after humiliat-
ing Chicago defeats in which Har-
ward and Michigan ran up a total
of LAG points to none. The Daily
Maroon criticized the football team
in two editorials early this week.
The editorial contained such sug-
gestions as drop football entirely or
give the alumni the proper rope
with which polite subsidization of
the Harvard. variety could be car
ried on.
"The last choice might mean
Shaughnessey's exit. He undoubtedly
Is superior as a tactician out Just as
undoubtedly inferior as an instruc-
tor Of fundamentals"
Athletic Director T. Nelson Met
calfe declined to comment on the
suggestion that Shaughnessey be re-
tired, but said, "any worthy student
receives aid but we never have given
preference to athletics and We never
will"