davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-11-19
IH" HIS wrote my friend
Hodgett, will give you an

~" HIS, wrote my friend
Hodgett. will give you an
u idea of the tender care that
We are iavishing on our gas masks in
London these days"
The enclosure was little booklet
on the use and care of respirators. as
the English call them. The instruc-
tions were Unconditional enough: Don t
let water get into the canister =.
Keep the rubber in good condition
Don't leave folded too long They
were like the instructions that YOU
might get with any new and unfamil-
lar mechanical gadget. But it was be-
tween the lines that there could be
read the story of people waiting,
waiting for that wartime horror, gas
attack.
Hodgett's. am sure. is in good
order. For Hodgett knows. as few
people today know. what gas attack
can mean when there are no masks.
On an afternoon late in April, 1915,
Hodgett was fighting on the Western
Front. From the opposing German
trenches wind was blowing directly
over the Allied lines. Hodgett did not
know, not even the officers knew, that
in the foremost German trenches
long row of cylinders had been placed
- cylinders full of chlorine gas They
didn't know it until that ill wind was
smacking them with its poisonous
fumes, making them gasp and choke
and fall writhing in the mud. Fifteen
thousand men fell in that early gas
attack of the World War. and five
thousand of them never rose again.
Within two weeks after that attack
every Allied soldier at the front had
gas mask - of SORT 1t was make
shift cotton pad, soaked in chemical
solution. that the soldier could tie
over his face. The rest of the war was a
race in which all the contending forces
tried to devise new protective devices
as fast as new gases and new methods
of gas attack were tried From cotton
pads to wells that were tied about the
face. to hoods that tucked into the
blouse, to the first uncomfortable res
pirators approximating modern gas
masks that was the evolution. So
fast were unsatisfactory masks dis
carded that the British alone issued
5O,OOO,O0O masks in the course of the
Evening star., 1939-11-19

irritant with smell like new-mown
hay, caused more deaths than all the
rest. These. with chloropicrin, which is
both lung irritant and tear pro-
ducer, were the most widely-used
gases in the war.
A gas mask is insufficient protection
against mustard gas, which, like some
others of its type, causes blisters like
severe case of ivy poisoning on the
body. For protection against these
gases - which are hardly likely to be
let loose away from actual battlehelds
- special clothing has been devised.
But the gas mask as now perfected
gives virtually complete protection
against all known tear gases or lung
irritants that are feasible for war use
But what about the new super
powerful gases we keep hearing stories
about? Just stories. say American
army officials. Several new gases have
been developed. they admit. But: "As
a matter of fact" says recent bull
letin from the Chemical Warfare Ser
vice, no agent is known which is more
effective than mustard gas in sending
men to the hospital; and there is little
evidence that gas more effective than
phosgene is available for poisoning the
air"
The gas mask protects against these
air poisoning gases by cleaning the 1.
air before 1t comes in contact with the
face or lungs. The two essential air
purifying elements are fiber filter,
which removes any small solid or
liquid particles from the air. and
container of activated charcoal and
soda lime. which draw the poison
vapor molecules out of the air and hold
them, while permitting the air itself to
pass through.
In military masks these purifiers are
in canister carried by shoulder straps
and attached to the facepiece of the
masks by rubber tube through which
the air proceeds after being purified.
Most civilian masks, designed for less
strenuous service, have the cansters
attached to the front of the masks, like
snouts: and the facepiece itself, which
is of rubber, lifts enough to let ex-
PEELED air out. then fits snug again.
Do you remember saving peach and
apricot pits in 1918? You saved them
(Continvsd on pooe 81
Evening star., 1939-11-19

war. or about twenty-five masks per
soldier.
By the time the United States en-
tered the war the respirator mask had
been worked out and our army adopted
it, while our experts at home worked
Evening star., 1939-11-19

and comfortable mask was developed.
Since then improvements in design
have been made constantly. Our
present-day masks are the same in
principle as those used in 1919. but
they will really fit snug on any face.
without the aid of pinching nose clip
or an irritating mouthpiece. Lenses
/ are made of unshatterable glass. with
1.-The air brought in contact with them
inside to prevent them from Jogging.
Special diaphragm masks have been
worked out to permit people who need
to talk to use their voices through the
diaphragms Masks have even been
worked out for horses and dogs -
though patterned on the old soaked
pad models rather than respirators.
But most important. of course. is
the perfection of the chemical qualities
of masks. The old soaked pads were
protection against chlorine but not
against later r-utilized gases And as new
gases were let loose. new protection
had to be worked out to meet them. 1t
might be possible. experts say, to build
mask that would give protection
against all known gases. as far as the
face, nose and eyes are concerned. but
such mask would be much too heavy
and unwieldy Masks for wartime use,
therefore, are built to give protection
only against gases that might be used
in war.
You could almost count on your
fingers the number Of gases that proved
markedly effective in the World War.
Chemists Investigated more than three
thousand substances but put only
thirty-eight compounds into actual
use as toxic agents, and many of these
were of little value Actually, one gas
- mustard gas - caused more non
fatal casualties than all others put
together. And phosgene. sitting lung
Evening star., 1939-11-19
U. S. Amy
0snoi Cops

day and night to improve it. America
turned out nearly 5000. 900 masks be-
fore the war was over. and at the end
was geared to production of a million
a month - but it was not until after
the Armistice that = really satisfactory
Evening star., 1939-11-19

WHY DOES DOCTOR SAY IVORY! .. Be-
cause it's just what he asks for in a soap
for both babies and grown-up ladies' skin.
Ivory is pure, mild, gentle! A fine soap! A
friendly soap without extras like color or
strong perfume that might irritate.
SUCH POPULARITY >. Wish you could
meet the thousands and thousands of
Ivory fans big and little with their love-
ly Ivory compilations. You'd be dashing
round the corner to get yourself some Ivory
right now and be pleased at it's price -.
the few spare pennies in your purse!
WHY NOT start your gentle morning and
evening beauty cleansing with friendly
Ivory Soap today?
FkEXTRA!! Recent. leading medical journal
wrote 10000 doctors asking them which soaps the,
ad, ised. For both babies and gro~nup skins
doctors replied "Ivory'' than any other soap.
Evening star., 1939-07-08
Weather
Continued From First Page :,

88, st. Louis, Mo-, 81; Kansas City,
Mo-, 86; Dallas, Tex, "a; Chicago,
81. The Pacific Northwest was sub
stantially cooler, however, at that
hour.
A drought in New Mexico entered
its fifth week, with scattered thun-
dershowers offering scant relief.
Relief Due in Midwest.
The Weather Bureau expected
some relief today in Iowa, Wisconsin,
lower Michigan, Missouri and South
ern and extreme Eastern Kansas. La
Crosse and Madison, Wis, and Min
neapolis, Mimi, enjoyed cooling
wind last night, but the humidity
remained high at Milwaukee.
Two humans and score of mules
died in Arkansas. The Florida West
Coast had its 18th consecutive day
of rain and children swan in the
main street of st. Petersburg.
New England sweltered, the
Southwest sizzled and the South
had 90-degree heat. It was 101 at
Kokomo, Ind, hottest since August
1887. Kansas City reported los. 1t
was 101 at Emporia, Kans., and
Springfield, Ill.
Heat fatalities by States included
Iowa and Ohio, five each; Michigan
and Illinois, four each; Wisconsin
three; Minnesota, Indiana, Pennsyl-
vania, Arkansas, New York and Mis-
souri,, two each: Kansas, Oklahoma
Massachusetts, Tennessee and Loui-
siana, one each, and three other
prostration deaths and four drown
ings in New England.
Evening star., 1939-07-08
pilots Wives
Organize
|For Sympathy

Many Washington women are ex-
pected to be eligible for member
ship in aviation's latest auxiliary
La Ligue de Femmes des Hommer
en- Aviation, Quelle Dommages
League for the Wives of Men in
Aviation. Poor Things.
The league is to be organized in
rookeries, the first of which has
been established in New York.
Men in aviation are notorious
for their frequent and prolonged
absences from home, presumably on
business it was explained in the
announcement of the new organi-
zation. ITO counteract the result
ing sequestered existence, the wives
of these men have decided to band
together for their mutual amuse-
ment, entertainment and exchange
of condolences"
The minimum qualification for
membership is that the husband
must be away from home at Least
one month per year, engaged pre-
sumably on aviation business. The
symbol of the organization will be
"a question mark upheld by a pair
OF wings worn upside down while
the old man Is at home)."
Evening star., 1939-07-08
Last Head of Spoin's Republic
On Trial for Life in Madrid

room at the Palace of Justice with a
civil guard lieutenant at his side.
Although the trial was public, few
civilians were present.
Besteiro said that even before the
war his policy was contrary to
revolutionary" views of his own
party. He said he helped overthrow
the regime Of Premier Juan Negrin
last spring and helped the National
Council Of Defense lin order to keep
the Communists from having power
and prolonging the resistance of
the republic.
Il wanted to surrender without
condition and prevent further blood
she'd he said.
Prof Besteiro. once a teacher in
the University of Madrid, faced a
tribunal of four generals and two
lieutenant colonelS. 1t was headed
by Gen. Manuel Nieves.
Although an advocate of legal,
progressive revolution, BeSteiro was
leader of general revolutionary
strike in Madrid in 1917 for which
he was sentenced to death. The
sentence was commuted to life i'm
prisonment, but he was released
when he was elected deputy for
Madrid in the Cortes (Parliament)
in 1919 In 1881 he was speaker of
the CorteS.
Evening star., 1939-07-08
.S2o0,000,000 Planned
For Rural Homes
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Administrator Nathan Straus told
the House Banking Committee yes
terdav he contemplated earmarking
5000. 900 900 of a proposed increase
in the United States Housing au-
thority's lending powers TO build
rural homes.
The rural housing program would
be carried out under a Senate
amendment to a pending bill pro-
posing to increase U. S. H. A s lend
ing authority from 100000 900 to
81 800 ,0000 U. S. H. A. was set
up to put slum dwellers in better
quarters.
The amendment, providing a pro-
gram for farm families of low
income was attacked by Represen-
ative Wolcott, Republican, of Mich
igan as denying, to certain low paid
persons in cities and towns, benefits
which would be accorded farmers.
The truth is" Representative
Wolcott commented, that Title
(the farmers housing proposaD was
put in as juicy bait to catch the
farm vote"
Mr.. Wolcott suggested that the
word farm" might be eliminated
and the amendment made to apply
to all families of low income.
Chairman Steagall indicated the
change would be made.
Evening star., 1939-07-08
T ennis
Continued From First Page.

magnificent passing shot after Miss
Stammers had runaway to 40-to-15
lead. The United States champion
then stormed the net and took the
second game at love.
Kay started going to the net in
the third and twice cut off Miss
Marbles returns to win the game
after trailing at 15-40 But Miss
Marble kept hammering away at
her rivals backhand and broke
through her service again in the
fourth to lead 81.
Alice really was going now She
had her service kicking to Kay's
backhand in the fifth and won it
at love. They both held their serv-
ice in the next two games. Miss
Marble winning the seventh with a
glorious drop shot for a So adj
vantage. Hitting harder and with
better length all the time, the
American girl broke through again
in the eighth game to take the set,
60.
The point score Miss Marble serv-
ing flrst:
Miss Marble ----- 744 SAL 44-33-6
Miss Stammers - SOC 304 22-22-2
Keeps Foe on Her Heels.
Alice had won the first set in 20
minutes and now she was hitting
the ball with glorious rhythm, keep
ing it always in Miss Stammers
weak backhand corner
The American champion won
four points in {. row after trailing
at go in the first game of the
second set; took the second from
deuce against service to lead, 20,
and then followed up with a love
game to make it 80.
Running Kay back and forth
across the baseline, then bringing
her in for cunning drop shot or
passing her with a lightning drive,
Miss Marble took the fourth with
the loss of only two points.
Often the American blonde left
Miss Stammers gasping at the side
OF the court with her cross-court
drives and, when she took the fifth
game in a row, even stately Queen
Mary in the royal box sat back in
resignation. Kay managed to deuce
the sixth game, only the second
she'd carried that far In the set,
but lost it for the set at 60 and the
match at 60, 60.
The point score (Miss Marble
serving first:
Miss Marble 454 445-26-6
Miss Stammers- 23O 213-11-O
Stroke analysis Of the Marble
Stammers match:
Double
Place. Aces Nets Outs. faults.
Miss Marble Is O II 70 q
Miss Stammers 10 0 IS 90
=. Total points-Miss Marble, SO; Miss
Stammers. SO.
Evening star., 1939-07-08
Ruling Bans Broadcast
Regulation by State
BY the Associated Press.

4
RICHMOND. Va, July Sin a
voluminous opinion written by
Chairman William Meade Fletcher
the State Corporation Commission
ruled yesterday that radio broad
casting constitutes interstate COM
merce and was not subject to State
regulation.
The opinion. rendered in the case
of the Columbia Broadcasting Sys-
tenn, Inc, which operates Station
WJSV at Alexandria, held that the
State could not require c. B. S. to
domesticate in Virginia and pay a
1000 entrance fee. 1t dismissed a
rule issued against the corporation
for violation of section 3847 of the
Virginia Code, providing that all
foreign corporations shall secure a
certificate of authority from the
State Corporation Commission be-
fore doing business in the State.
Chairman Fletcher's opinion said
that radio waves cannot be con-
fined by land, air or water and they
have no boundaries"
H. Lester Hooker, member of the
commission, said the opinion, the
first rendered in this State on the
question, was the first so far as he
knew by any State commission on
the intra or interstate character of
broadcasting.
Evening star., 1939-07-08
Rev. M. }. O'MoIIey
To Give Radio Talk

The Rev. Martin J. OMalley of
the Congregation of the Mission will
deliver the first of a series of three
addresses on the general subject,
The Peace of Christ" during the
Catholic Hour program July II, un-
der the auspices of the National
Council of Catholic Men. 1t will be
broadcast each Sunday at pm,
Eastern Standard Time, over the
N. B. C. red network.
Father O.Malley, vice rector of
Kenrick Seminary, st. Louis. will
discuss Intellectual Peace" as his
first subject Subsequent titles in his
series will be Moral Peace" July
%. and Social Peace" July 80.
Under the direction of Father
Finn, the Paulist Choristers. with
Nathaniel Sprinzena and Ross Mar
coux as soloists, will provide the
musical setting
Evening star., 1939-07-08
Dr.. HrdIicku Studying
Discoveries in Russia
BY the Associated Press

by tne Associated PreSS.
MOSCOW, July 8.-Dr. Ales
Hrdlicka, American anthropologist,
left today for Novosibirsk and Ir-
kutsk to continue a study tour after
being shown the first Neanderthal
type skull and skeleton ever found
in the Soviet Union
The Neanderthal type skull and
skeleton inspected by DR.. Hrdlicka,
head of the division of physical
anthropology in the United States
National Museum, Washington, D.
c., were found last summer near
Baisum in Southern Uzbekistan
Soviet scientists of the Institute of
Anthropology say they have veri-
ned their age. Paleolithic stone
implements estimated to be $4,000
years old were discovered in the
same cave with the remains.
Evening star., 1939-07-08
PoIois RoyoI Employees
Spend Day at Fair

Members of the Palais Royal Store
Employees Association left today for a
day at the New York Worlds Fair.
A special train bearing some $50
employees of the department store,
pulled out of Union Station at 7:O5
They will return in the morning.
The trip has been arranged by the
following committee: Guy E. Dom
aldson, chairman; Mrs. Lalloy, Mrs.
Raymond, Mrs. Williams, Mrs. Null
care, Mrs. Crotsley, Mrs. Gibbs, Mr..
Oliff, Mr.. Bannon, Mr.. Van Eek
hardt, Mr.. Thurston, Mr.. Jewell, Mr..
Owens, Mr.. Edmonds and Miss Ford.
Evening star., 1939-07-08
BY the Associated Press.

MADRID, July 8.-The govern
ment today demanded the death
penalty for elderly Prof. Julian Bes-
teiro, last head of the defeated Span
ish Republic, as he went on trial
before military tribunal on charges
of aiding rebellion"
The demand was made by the
prosecutor at the close of two
hour speech which followed reading
of deposition by Besteiro in which
he told of efforts to end the civil
war early this year ito prevent
further bloodshed."
The 69-year-old Socialist leader
and philosophy teacher was the man
whose peace council paved the way
for the surrender of Madrid and the
collapse of the Spanish Republic last
March.
Declaring that he and President
Manuel Azana decided after the fall
of Lerida early in January that con.
tinued fighting was useless, Besteiro
said he went to London and con-
suited former Foreign Secretary An
thony Eden in an attempt to find a
way to obtain truce. This trip
proved fruitless he told the court.
His defense against a 4l-page in
dictment was read in the form of a
deposition while he sat in the court
Evening star., 1939-07-08
Christian Scientist Talk
Will Be Broadcast

A.Christian Science lecture will be
broadcast tomorrow at pm, East
en- standard time, from the New
York Worlds Fair. This lecture by
Prof. Hermann S. Herring, c. S. B.,
will be carried over the world by
short wave station WIXAL of the
World Wide Broadcasting Founda-
ton of Boston. 1t may be heard in
this vicinity by dialing either 6.04
or 1913 megacycles.
Prof. Herring is a member of the
Board of Lectureship of the Mother
Church, the First Church of
Christ, Scientist, in Boston, Mass.
Evening star., 1939-07-08
Missions Are PiIIuqed:
Britons Blame japanese
BY the Associated Press

By the Associated Press.
PEIPING, July 8.-Several British
missionaries have arrived in Peiping
from stations in Shansi Province.
charging that conditions which they
ascribed to Japanese directed anti
British campaign compelled them to
leave.
The missionaries alleged that as
result of this instigation some mis-
sion properties had been pillaged.
Tientsin's foreign community was
startled today by the noise of ma
chine-gunning and air bombing near
the city, but Japanese Army officers
explained that local maneuvers of
the Japanese garrison were in
progress.
Evening star., 1939-07-08
Frank 6. Hawkins.
Retired Officer, Dies

Frank G. Hawkins, 43, colored
retlred Metropolitan policeman, died
thursday at his home, 514 Eastern
avenue NE, after long illness.
"A World War veteran, Mr.. Haw-
klns served on the police force from
July, 1920. to January 81 of this
year, when he was retired for
disability. His last service was at
NO. precinct. He is survived BY
his widow, Mrs. Nettie johnson
Hawkins; four brothers and two
sisters.
Funeral services will be held at
II am. Monday in Grace M. E
Church, Fairmont Heights, Md
Evening star., 1939-07-08
Cotton Acreage
Put at 24,943,000
BY the Associated Press.

The Agriculture Department re-
ported today cotton in cultivation
July l, totaled 24,943,000 acres, or
99.7 per cent of the acreage in culti-
vation year ago.
The condition of the crop and
forecast of probable production of
lint cotton will not be issued until
August 8, the department prevented
by law from making public such
information prior to the August can
vaSS.
Evening star., 1939-07-08
HERE'S HOW:
SNAPSHOT CONTEST RULES

Y'he contest is strictly for
s nateurs. Any one is
eligible except employees
of the The Evening Star
and their families, and
individuals or members
of families engaged in
the manufacture, sale,
commercial finishing or
professional use of pho
tographic goods.
}. Entrants may submit as
many pictures as desired
at any time during the
period of the contest.
(See paragraph g.
!. Pictures must have been
made after May 13, 1899.
/. Your snapshots may be
made on any type of film,
but must not be made on
glass plate negatives.
Any make of camera.
film, chemicals or paper
may be used. Developing
and printing may be done
by a photo finiSher or
the entrant. No print or
enlargement more than
10 inches in the longest
dimension will be &C
cepted. No art work or
retouching is permitted
on prints or the negatives
from which they are
made. No composite pic
lures, such as multiple
printing or montages
permitted. Pictures
should not be mounted
or framed.
J. All pictures shall be
judged in the National
Awards solely on general
interest and/or appeal.
Photographic excellence
or technique, while i'm
pOrtant, will not be the
deciding factor in deter
mining prize winners.
The decision of the judges
shall be accepted as final.
!. Before receiving The
Stars final prizes of $25 90
in one or more of the
four clasSifications, the
entrant must submit the
original negative with
print and sign a state
ment that his picture or
a closely similar picture
of the same object or
situation has not been
and will not be entered
by him in any other
snapshot contest or salon.
:. To enter the contest, mail
a print or prints of as
many pictures as you de-
sire to Amateur Snap
shot Contest Editor" The
Evening Star. On the
back of each picture print
your name and address
clearly in ink and the
class in which you wish
the picture entered. (See
classihcations.)
Evening star., 1939-07-08

a motive for exposing the Filipino
people to reprisals on persons and
property"
Presidential Secretary Jorges Var
gas, in letter to Bautista, expressed
President Manual Quezon's extreme
displeasure" over anti-Japanese ac-
tions of the Security Congress, which
last Tuesday approved a boycott Of
Japanese goods.
Evening star., 1939-07-08
Hatch Asks Retirement
For Disabled Judges
BY the Associated Press.

BY Cne ASSOClateu FIess.
Any Federal judge who is disabled
or in poor health could retire with
pay under legislation recommended
yesterday by Senator Hatch, Demo-
crat, of New Mexico, chairman OF
a Senate Judiciary Subcommittee.
Senator Hatch said the bill would
permit disabled judges to retire who
now must hang on until they are 10
in order to be eligible for retirement
pay"
Senator Pepper, Democrat, of
Florida and several Florida lawyers
testified for the bill. They said the
four Federal judges in Florida were
mot in robust health" and that
court cases there were delayed.