davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-07-02

All persons who, by necessity, were
within earshot of the King and
Queen were carefully scrutinized by
the Secret Service agents. Report
ers, for example, were required to
identify themselves and present
their credentials to the operatives
Before the ceremonies at the Tomb
of the Unknown Soldier at Arlington
Cemetery newspapermen whose pa
pers had installed telephones atop
the amphitheater were carefully ex-
amined by the Secret Service before
they were allowed to ascend to the
amphitheater roof to view the pro-
ceedings.
What kind of men are these
agents, whose identities and activ-
tiles are generally cloaked with mys-
terry?
Appointments to the service are
made from. the registers Of ELL
gibles" periodically established by
the Civil Service Commission
through competitive examinations.
Each mans background Is care
fully examined by service officials
before he Is taken into the fold
Some are college graduates. Nc
stone is left unturned In determining
each candidates physical and men
tal fitness for the job. Ability to
speak several languages has helped
some candidates to get jobs with the
service. All must have had expert
ence with major investigations Of
top-dight consequence.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-07-02
By John D. Leonard.

Just IS years ago, though July
was a Saturday back In 1864, the
Congress of the then IS United
States passed a bill which created
the growing Nations first organized
Federal investigative agency-the
United States Secret Service.
With the passage of this bill, q
hitherto informal Civil War unit,
which grew out of a $4,000 con-
gressional appropriation in 1861
Ito detect, arrest and prosecute
counterfeiters of the coins Of the
United States" became a regular
agency Of the Treasury Department.
Today, the service, as we know 1t,
has grown from a small group Of
volunteers, led by a military onicer,
back in 1861, to a vast army Of
agents scattered throughout the
Nation, all under the supervision
OF their chief, Frank j. Wilson.
Its duties no longer confined to
nabbing counterfeiters only, the
service has broadened its field to
include the protection OF the Prest-
dent and his family, and even visit
ing royalty. as was the case during
the recent visit of King George and
Queen Elizabeth.
During the Civil War the small
unit created by President Lincoln
was mainly engaged with investiga-
lions relative to the war and similar
10 those carried on by the modern
Army intelligence service.
Money Troubles.
Wfen the Civil War ended, the
nation was flooded with counterfeit
money. At the same time the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-07-02

forms. eating the same food, sleep
ing side-by-side In the barracks or
tents, and forming the ties of mu-
tual comradeship which will last
through a lifetime.
Each graduate of q c. M. T. c.
becomes In sense living standard
Of physical fitness for his comrades
and the gospel of health is carried
to every village, town and city with
obvious and significant advantages
not merely to the present, but also
to the next generation.
Moral character is another def
mite contribution of the Citizens
Camps. Daily discipline has its OUT
come in prompt response to orders,
habits of obedience to recognized
authority. secured without lessening
individual initiative or responsible
ity. Teamwork on the drill field is
matched by teamwork in athletic
sports and games and by social give
and-take in recreation hours.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-07-02

serious duties, responsibilities and
obligation to home and country"
it was explained.
Patriot Impulse.
There is work to be done In these
camps-drills, marches, field ma
neuvers, organized athletics. schools
and indoor instruction" the local
G. M. T. C. Committee said. I'VE
do not advertise them as a vaca-
tion-for that implies idleness, and
such an impression would be mis-
leading to the public.
But, in their schedules of train
ing, every one fares alike, and has
the same duties to perform-the
Presidents son and the farmers
son. the Governors son and the
laborer's son, the generals son and
the miners son, the millionaire's
son and the working widows help
full son-all share alike the work and
play, standing shoulder to shoulder
in the ranks, wearing the same uni
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-07-02

personal interest and an intimate
knowledge of the real camp life af-
forded by such visits" the c. NJ.
r. c. Committee explained. I'VE
especially desire parents to see
things for themselves-for these are,
after all. your camps"
During last years camp. trainees
were given the opportunity to COM
pete for about 80 scholarships in
the various colleges and schools To-
Gated in the 3rd Corps Area. SINH
lar opportunities will be given this
year.
This is an opportunity for q high
er education for those who are
awarded scholarship" the COM
mittee said. "A high school edu-
cation and a high scholastic stand
ing in his class is necessary to COM
pete. The number of scholarships
to be awarded in 1889 is not known
at this time Information pertaining
to scholarships will be furnished
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-07-02

from l to 1 is applied to physical
training, including supervised ath-
letic instruction, such as swimming,
boxing and wrestling; organized
athletics, such as baseball and track
events, and recreational athletics,
such as tennis, handball and foot
ball practice.
Except for retreat, roll-call and
occasional ceremonies, all routine
duties and work in the camp end
at 4:30 pm. The remainder of the
day. up to lights out, at 10 pm,
is given over to rest. study and in
dividual recreation and diversions in
the camp.
There are no ordinary duties Of
any kind scheduled for Saturday
afternoons or Sundays, at which
times parents, relatives and friends
of boys in the camps are invited to
visit them.
1T is the War Departments estab-
lished policy to encourage q closer
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-07-02

MANY . shy lad who never seemed
to fit In with his fellows at home
has discovered at camp for the first
time the joys of comradeship
through participation In the varied
activities Of the training period. On
the other hand, many an arrogant
and self-assertive youth has learned
here his first effective lesson in mu-
tual consideration and respect for
others rights. Plain honesty in
thought, word and act is the recog-
nized ideal in all bands of American
youth gathered in the democracy
Of good-fellowship at the training
camps"
Morning Routine.
Life IN the camps will begin at
7:30 am. The four-hour morning
period will be devoted to military
instruction and lecture on citi.
zenship. One hour and a half is al
lowed for dinner and rest. In the
basic course the afternoon period
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-07-02

wheels Of business were mired in
the rut of unstable currency. The
average man had to examine his
salary carefully, If it were paid In
cash.
However. when the newly created
Secret Service stepped into the pic
ture these chaotic conditions were
gradually stamped out in the fol-
lowing i've years, and since then the
service has maintained the integ-
rity Of our currency.
Gradually. as years passed. coun-
terfeiting became less and Jess
profitable. until finally public losses
through counterfeit notes decreased
from $4s7 ,643 in 1897 to $318,842 in
1898. Losses through counterfeit
coins declined from $64, ESQ to $780,
873 over the same period. A total
Of $483, 02l worth of counterfeit bank
notes was seized by the service in
1888 and $124,766 In coins.
In 1901 President Mckinley was
shot at the Pan-American EXPOSE
ton at Buffalo, N. Y. Three Presi-
dents had met death by an assas-
sins bullet. Consequently. shortly
after President McKinley's death
Congress assigned the Secret Serv-
ice the duty of safeguarding the
life and limb of the Chief Execu-
tive. Later this protection was ex-
tended to the President-elect and
finally to members Of the Presidents
immediate family.
Foreign Spies.
The problem Of combating foreign
espionage was first met by the Sc
cret Service during the Spanish.
American War. Operating from its
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-07-02

conviction of AL Capone. A leader
In the Lindbergh kidnapping investi-
cation, Chief Wilson produced the
original list Of serial numbers Of the
ransom currency, the most vital part
Of the Hauptmann trial, at which he
testified as a States witness. He was
named chief of the Secret Service in
1886, to succeed to veteran William
H. Moran, who retired after a long
and distinguished career.
As head of the Secret Service,
Chief Wilson has a much broader
field to cover than did the military
officer who led the first investiga-
tive corps back In 1861.
In the first place. the SECRET Serv-
ice is responsible for the detection,
arrest and delivery to the United
States marshal of persons who coun-
terfeit, forge or alter any "obliga-
lions or securities" Of the United
States postal money orders ex-
cluded) or those OF foreign govern
ments. Hence, If counterfeit English
pound notes or French francs are
being manufactured in the United
States 1t Is up to the Secret Service
to handle the matter.
In addition to the suppression Of
counterfeiting, the service also In
vestigates violations Of the War
Finance Corporation Act, the World
War Adjusted Compensation Act,
the Gold Reserve Act of 1894, the
Silver Purchase Act, the Federal
Deposit Insurance Act, the Federal
Land Bank Act, the Federal Farm
Loan Act, the Home Owners Loan
Act and the National Housing Act.
Further, it must investigate thefts
of Government property controlled
BY the Treasury Department. It
makes inquiries into Irregularities IN
connection with the Works Progress
Administration. It's the Secret
Service that investigates losses Of
valuables by Federal agencies during
shipment. It also conducts person.
mel inquiries for all branches of the
Treasury except the Bureau Of In
ternal Revenue.
Protection of the President and his
immediate family is for the most
part left In the hands Of the White
House Secret Service unit, under the
direction Of Col. Edward Startling.
Members of the detail accompany
the President on all of his trips CT
during any absence from the White
House.
Safeguarding the life and limb Of
visiting royalty often taxes the force
of operatives here. Washington
agents concede that the protection
Of King George and Queen Elizabeth
during their history making WASH
ington visit is about the largest job
they have ever tackled. Details Of
insuring the safety Of the royal vis-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-07-02
SECRET SERVICE is SEVENTY>FIVE YEARS OLD TODAY
Quiet Origin and Quiet Chief Associated
With Organization Which Touches
Affairs of Great Scope

Embassy in Canada, the Spanish
government was recruiting spies and
sending them into the United States,
according to Treasury Department
records. The Secret Service uncov-
cred their activities and not a spy
escaped arrest.
During the World War the service,
cooperating with the State Depart
ment, was an effective force In COM
batting enemy spies and saboteurs
operating in the Nations arms and
munitions factories. Other World
War assignments taken on by the
service included investigative &C.
tivities for the War Trade Board,
the alien property custodian, the
Food Administration, as well as CO.
operation with other intelligence
units in protecting interests In which
the Federal Government had a stake.
Under It's present setup, the Secret
Service has distributed its agents in
Is major districts throughout the
Nation. A supervising agent is sta
toned In each district to guide the
activities Of the operatives working
there. These supervising agents
maintain headquarters In such kew
cities as Boston, New York, Phila
delphia, Newark, Baltimore, Atlanta,
Louisville, Detroit, Chicago, Houston,
Kansas City, st. Paul, Denver, San
Francisco and Seattle. National
headquarters are in the Treasury
Building.
Guard President.
In constant contact with some
part OF his force, bespectacled Frank
j. Wilson works at a large desk In
an ONCE on the first floor of the
Treasury Building. His eyes occa-
sionally shift to a window which
looks across to the White House,
where the service has stationed a
detail to guard the President.
Chief Wilson Is paid 5000 an
nually to lead an organization
which saves American businessmen
millions OF dollars every year. Clad
In q conservative business suit with
. handkerchief tucked neatly into
the breast pocket of his coat, Chief
Wilson could be easily mistaken for
q corporation executive. A gentle
disposition and quiet voice seem al
most inconsistent with a man who
constantly anticipates a telephone
call at any hour Of the day or night
which may presage q period Of hec-
tic days, weeks and even months.
At So Chief Wilson can look back
on almost 20 years Of investigative
work for the Treasury Department,
which he first joined as a member
Of the intelligence unit of the Blu
reau Of Internal Revenue. It was
Frank ]. Wilson who carried on the
investigation which resulted In the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-07-02

Wfen the Civil War ended, the
Natlon was flooded with counterfeit
money. At the same time the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1939-07-02

The problem of combating foreign
espionage was first met by the Sc
cret Service during the Spanish.
American War. Operating from its
Evening star., 1939-09-09
More Lending Institutions
Join in +. H. A. System

More than 400 private lending ir,-
stitutions throughout the country
have joined. the Federal Housing
Administration insured mortgage
system this year, Administrator
Stewart Mcdonald announced to-
day.
!. At the end of June, 1899, there
were approximately l2,250 banks,
building and loan associations, life
insurance companies, mortgage COM
panies and other financial institu-
tions which had been approved by
the r. H. A. to make insured home
mortgage loans under Title II Of
the National Housing Act. This
was the highest figure on record,
Mr.. Mcdonald said, and represent
ed q gain of about 400 over the
figure of 11,847 at the end of 1888
and of more than 900 over the figure
Of II ,345 at the end Of June, 1888.
These 1880 institutions represent
credit sources where families who
wish to build or buy homes or re-
finance debts on existing homes
may apply for mortgage loans In
sured by the F. H. A.
This large number OF lending
institutions participating in the F.
H AS home mortgage program
illustrates the increasing recogni-
ton of the F. H. A. system and the
growing interest Of Americans in
owning their own homes" Mr.. Nc
Donald said.
There are institutions in virtu-
ally every community in the United
Evening star., 1939-09-09
Dwellings
CONTINUED From First Page.)

OF all dwelling units were in one
family dwellings. In several geo.
graphic divisions, more than 80 per
cent of the total number of dwell
ing units were in this class of struc-
ture.
In a Of the 48 States permits
issued called for more dwelling units
during the first half Of 1899 than
during the like period Of 1898. New
York State, with $500 units, led all
States, with California second, with
27,163 units. The only other State
providing more than 10000 was
Texas, with 1921.
These estimates are based on re-
ports of building permits issued re-
ceived by the Bureau Of Labor sta
tistics from more than 1000 cities
having a population Of approx
mately 81, 900 900, or 88 per cent Of
the entire urban population of the
United States, according to the 1880
census. The urban area of the
United States, as defined by the
Bureau of the Census, consists OF
3,l65 cities and towns with an aggre-
gate population in 1880 Of $685. 900.
Evening star., 1939-09-09
places, rub down with q clean cloth
and put under q weight until dry"

places, rub down with a clean cloth
and put under q weight until dry"
MiIdeW on Paint.
Question-In places dark brown
paint on my outside trim has be-
come covered with black blotches.
This only occurs in spots that do
not get the direct rays of the sun.
The painter says that these blotches
are "a fungus growth caused by
trees" and will have to be burned
off. I am wondering If he is right.
Answer-Yes, he is right. Paint
that is in shadow is likely to be
attacked by mold. The softer the
paint the more likely it is to become
moldy, and dark-colored paint Is
soft because of the greater quantity
of oil that it contains. The mold
can be burned of or can be killed
by washing with alkali: washing
soda, for instance. In repainting,
replace some of the oil with turpen-
tine and mix powdered calomel with
the paint, in the proportion Of an
ounce to the gallon.
Evening star., 1939-09-09

grain the doors to initiate oak, or
to finish them in enamel. What
do you advise?
Answer certainly do not advise
granting the doors in imitation of
oak. The results at best would not
be good, for an imitation is always
cheap looking. 1t would be much
better to enamel the doors. My
choice would be ivory. A small and
inexpensive touch that adds greatly
to appearance is to use glass door,
knobs; these can be had at hard
ware stores.
Shady Yard.
Question: have not been sue
cessful in growing grass or vines in
my shady west-side yard. At pres
ent the ground is bare What would
you suggest for planting or sowing?
Answer-Both ivy and myrtle
grow well in the shade. and if these
have failed, it is undoubtedly be-
cause of the poorness of the soil.
Your soil may be clay. or may need
fertilizer If there is garden club
in your locality, ask the advice of
one of the members. With the
soil in good condition, you can get
grass that is adapted to growing
in the shade Pachysandra would
be another good choice for ground
cover, as it grows either in the
shade or in the sun, and in poor soil.
1t is not intended to be walked on,
however.
Torn Documents.
For making repairs on an old and
torn document. a correspondent
sends the following advice: Take
a little library paste in a saucer and
beat it with a small spatula, which
will make it semi liquid Water
should not be added For paper
that will not receive heavy use.
touch the torn edges lightly with
the worked paste. Arrange them
carefully so that the edges meet
exactly; put small piece of tissue
paper on each side of the tear, and
let dry under a weight. Pull away
the tissue paper, and at casual
glance the paper might never have
been torn. For less fine work. or
for something that will receive hard
wear. cut strips of thin semi trans
parent bond paper. such as is used
for file copies of letters. Coat with
worked paste, lay over the torn
Evening star., 1939-09-09
First Aid
For the
AIingHouse
By ROGER b. WHITMAN.

Question-Our dining room. bed
room and kitchen walls are plaster
board with two thicknesses OF wall
paper. We want to put on plaster
with a hard, smooth finish. Must
the wallpaper first be entirely re-
moved? Could we use plastic paint?
Answer-Before plastering, the
wallpaper must be removed, which
can be done by soaking it with
water. Be careful in doing the job,
30 that in taking off the wallpaper
you do not also take off the paper
that is part of the plaSterboard.
With the paper of, you can apply
wall plaster. of the ordinary kind:
but I should prefer plastic paint of
a kind that is made with gypsum.
This contains an adhesive that will
make good bond with your plaster
board. 1t can be applied with a
broad brush and smoothed down
with trowel or a plasterer's float.
Damp Cellar.
QueStion-In an old farmhouse
that We have recently purchased,
the cellar is very damp, even though
it is cemented. The stone walls
sweat, and in wet weather water
comes in at the side Can we do
anything ourselves at no great ex-
pense to make the cellar dry?
Answer-You can check or even
stop the leakage through the walls
by repointing the inside stonework.
Using a cold chisel and a hammer
dig out the mortar to depth Of an
inch or more and replace it with a
mortar made of one part portland
cement, one-half part of hydrated
lime. three parts of clean building
sand and only enough water to make
a workable mixture. Wet the joints
with water and pack them tightly
with this mortar. If your rainwater
leaders discharge into the ground
10 feet or less from the house,
change their positions SO that the
discharge will be at least Is feet
away. For condensation, run low
fire in your heating plant for day
or two: air the cellar only on dry
and hot days, keeping it closed on
days that are humid and at night.
Sweating Icebox.
Question: have an old-fash-
ioned icebox, which has recently
begun to sweat on the outside. Why
should it do this?
Answer-Sweating is due to the
failure of the insulation in the ice
box walls and doors. The effect is
to chill the warm and damp air
that comes in contact with it.
Holes in Curtains.
A correspondent, writing on the
letterhead of laundry, gives his
reason for the cause of holes form
ing in rayon curtains, saying:
Our experience shows that fine
mesh rayon curtains usually be-
come tender at the lower part to-
ward the middle, where the curtains
meet. This is due to the sulphuric
acid in the smoke and dust which
comes in through the lower part of
the window, and which, together
with the rays of the sun, causes the
damage" That is interesting, and
am glad to have that professional
opinion. There is no doubt that
the sulphur in city air, due to
smoke, goes far to destroy not only
fabrics but even more substantial
materials.
Color Of Doors.
Question - In doing over our
house we want to leave the oak
trim around the windows and doors
and the baseboards in natural fin
ish. The doors are pine, and we
cannot decide what to do with
them: whether it would be best to
Evening star., 1939-09-09

States which are willing to extend
credit In ample amounts on the
security Of homes. In addition,
more than 5000 branches OF these
1880 approved mortgages are also
available to the home buying public"
Evening star., 1939-09-09
City Of Trees

Washington Is said to have more
trees than any city in the world.
One-seventh Of its area is devoted
to parks and tree lined boulevards.
Evening star., 1939-09-09
Miles Of Concrete

The Commerce Department Build
ing is supported by 80 miles of
concrete piling.
La gaceta., 1939-06-06
INVESTIGA LA OFICINA
DEL JUEZ AVOCADO &C.
NERAL
Sc Pide ~ CoRsej0 de Guerra
para Moseley

Washington, JUNO 6.-La OIL
Gina del Juez Abogado General
del ejercito investiga la conduc
ia del general George Van
Horn Moseley, que la semana
pasada hizo violentas declara-
clones en- contra de los judios,
no obstante figurar en- la lista
de generates retirados.
Ell Representative John NJ.
Coffee, de Washington, pide
que ell general sea jrzgado por
un cOnsejo de guerra y al efec-
to mand6 cartas al presidente
Roosevelt va la secretaria de Ia
guerra. Moseley CANA actual
mcnte, como general retirado y
fascista de nuevo cuno, $4,000.
Algr nos elementos Sc oponen
a que Sc lie castigue para no dar-
lie OCCASION de convertirse en-
"mArtir"
La gaceta., 1939-06-06
CONFERENCE.-THE CON Ell.
LAREDO BRU

rencia acept6 admitir 1900 y Is
verdad es que ha admitido NADIA
menos que 1000, provocando
Habana, JUNO Coon el pre-
sidente Laredo Bru cOnferencia
RI hoy el abogado Lawrence Be
renson, de New York, represen-
tante de organizaciones hebreas
que Sc interesan por los GOT
hombres, mujeres Y nihos del Va
por aleman San Luis.
Aver el gobierno les ofreci6
a esos hebreos, con caracter tenn
poral, un campamento de con-
c~entraci6n en- la Isla de Pines.
Para aceptar esta oferta Sc les
do de plazo hasta el medio6a.
Cuba, segdn Ell gobierno, ia
cuerdOs de la conferencia de
Evian-Les Bains. En- esa COME
IA culnplido sus obligaciones en-
cuanto a los hebreos, bajo los a.
sSto muchaS pTotsStaS