davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-10-02
an administrator, counselor ane
diplomat.

an administrator, counselor and
diplomat.
Appointed Cardinal Vicar.
In 1903 Cardinal Mundelein was
appointed Cardinal Vicar of Rome
and domestic prelate three years
later, and In June of 1909 was named
titular Bishop Of Loryma and auxil-
iary Bishop of Brooklyn.
He was consecrated as a bishop
in 1909 and began to take an active
part In public as well as church az
fairs.
His especial interest was welfare
work among boys and young men.
Always a firm believer In the power
of the press, he was president of the
publishing company which issued
one Of the leading Catholic weeklies
of the East.
When Archbishop James Edward
Quigley of Chicago died in 1915
Cardinal Mundelein was chosen to
succeed him. The ceremony of the
solemn reception and enthronement
of the new archbishop was cele-
brated in Holy Name Cathedral,
Chicago. at one of the most elab-
crate ceremonies ever conducted in
that city.
One of the first works Of the new
archbishop was the building OF a
new preparatory seminary. He or
ganized and expanded parochial
schools and fostered establishment
of regional high schools for boys
and girls. In 1919 Cardinal Munde-
lein established St. Mary of the
Lake Seminary about 40 miles north
Of Chicago, and the town which
grew up about it was named in his
honor Ave years later.
The archbishop led In the estab-
lishment of Holy Cross Mission for
homeless men and a maternity hos
pital, and his big brother" move
ment enrolled Catholic men who
assumed responsibility for boys Of
the church who got into the juvenile
courts.
Became Cardinal At 81.
His elevation to the cardinalate
came on March "a, 1924, when he
was only 52-an unusually early age
for such an honor. He went to
Rome and took possession of his
titular church, Sancta Maria del
Populo. Upon his return to Chi
cago the cardinal was presented by
his people with a check for 81 900 900
for St. Mary of the Lake Seminary.
His popularity was further at
tested by the fact that at an
Evening star., 1939-10-02
BY CONSTANTINE BROWN.

The debates on arms embargo re-
peal are being followed in Europe
with possibly q keener interest
than in this country.
The repeal Of the arms embargo
clause might well be the turning
point in the European war. Hitler
and Mussolini are as keenly in
terested In what happens to that
bill, which was so nght-heartedly
drafted and voted by the American
Congress in 1887, as are the British
and the French governments.
When the neutrality law was
conceived. the legislative branch
more than the executive was firmly
convinced that another world war
was an impossibility; consequently
any kind Of soft-soap to the fears
Of the American public that the
Government was taking care that
it would not be dragged into a
conflict alien to Americas interests
was good enough.
4 \ ~
The embassies and legations Of
all countries-belligerents and neu-
trals-are listening intently to what
is being said on Capitol Hill and
are trying to make their own polls
regarding public reaction through
surveys Of their own nationals and
consular officers throughout the
country. Many Of these surveys
are better documents and closer to
the truth than the polls of num-
Der of American agencies. The
general impression in these foreign,
quarters Is that 1t would be haz-
ardous to say definitely which way
the rabbit is going to Jump. The
American people, most reports say,
are still open minded, and while
the dislike Of Hitler and Co. is very
definite in all strata, the desire to
keep out Of troubled waters is
paramount.
These surveys also indicate that
Evening star., 1939-10-02
Several Hundred
Casualties Reported
In Chinese Attack
Observers Call japanese
Situation Precurious
Unless Aid Arrives
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
HONG KONG, Oct. 2.-Several
hundred casualties were reported
today in the wake Of q surprise
Chinese attack on japanese guard
posts along Hong Kong's mainland
border.
A hard rain grounded Japanese
planes and resulted in comparative
quiet along the front tonight, ex-
cept for occasional machine gun fire
near the scene Of yesterdays en-
counter.
Japanese communications were
disrupted. Chinese forces were re-
ported to outnumber the japanese
10 to and the Japanese situation
was described by observers as pre-
carious unless reinforcements ar
rive from Canton or Swatow.
Chinese dispatches from Changsha
today said the main Japanese force
attacking the Human Province city
had been repulsed 20 miles to the
northeast with several thousand cas-
ualties and that another Japanese
advance had been checked west Of
the Canton Railroad.
An earlier Chinese report from
Chungking had said the Japanese
were 20 miles north of Changsha
and the withdrawal of Chinese
forces was expected within two days.
The dispatches today said the Chi
nese had broken up a Japanese
thrust SO miles from Nanchang.
Evening star., 1939-10-02
This Changing World
Repeal Of Arms Embargo Might Well Be
Turning Point in the European War

the general public does not share
the fear of the administration that
sooner or later If Great Britain
and France are forced to bow to the
totalitarian states this country will
be compelled to meet a threat from
them single-handed, or almost so.
4 + \ +
Another country has been sum-
moned to Moscow to pledge herself
to complete obedience to the Soviet
regime. Latvia is now BY way OF
feeling the might of the Russians
bear embrace. Her foreign minister
has gone to Moscow to sign on the
dotted line. There will be, as in
the case Of Estonia, no discussion
or argument. Stain will submit
smilingly the document; the Latvian
minister will sign it; Russian war
ships will enter the Latvian ports;
a Russian Army corps will be sta
toned in that country and a cross
will be placed on the independence
OF another small but viable republic
created after the World War be-
cause 1t had nationality Of its own.
The foreign ministers of the
other bordering countries are stand
ing by and awaiting their turns
breathlessly. There is little hope
that Germany will help them keep
their independence. Hitler had
signed 1t away to Stain when the
Russo-German non-aggression pact
was signed in Moscow in August.
The Russians had asked Britain
and France the sacrifice of the in
dependence Of these countries.
Lord Halifax raised his hands in
horror and preferred to lose Russia
as an ally than commit q crime
OF that kind" Hitler has fewer
scruples than his British antagon-
lists and lightly told the Russian
dictator that he could have any
thing he wanted in the East.
X X X
When the question of foreigners
flghting in Spain either for Franco
Evening star., 1939-10-02
House Pays Respect
To T. S. Mcmillan
y the Associated Press,

BY the Associated Press.
The House, in a resolution today,
expressed its profound sorrow" over
the death of Representative Thomas
Evening star., 1939-10-02

or the republican regime became q
momentous international question
requiring a special international
committee in London, highly placed
French stated cynically: "It's all
poppycock. Wait and see what will
happen if we have another European
war. You will see powerful groups
OF all nationalities fighting in the
dl11erent armies; there won't be q
single nation in the world which
Will not have its citizens fighting for
one group or the other"
\ X \ X
Looking at the recent reports Of
foreign units which are already
fighting or being organized to fight
IN france, 1T appears the prediction
was correct.
At the present time there are two
strong armies organized on the
French soil; a Polish army of about
100000 men and Czecho- -Slovak
army OF something like 60 900 men.
These will be supplied with war ma
erial by the French government but
will have their independent COM
mand under the French supreme war
command.
Then there is foreign army corps
In process of formation, composed
OF Balts, Austrians and Spaniards.
How large this unit will be is un-
certain at the present time. But
IT Is expected to exceed 1901 900 men
II all the former Spanish Republi.
can soldiers who have taken refuge
In France are incorporated. Over
and above these there is a hetero-
genous group formed of Americans
from both continents, Rumanians,
Dutch, anti-Hitler Germans and
Italians and with a
sprinkling of other nationalities.
These men are not eligible for the
Foreign Legion, which demands a
long-term enlistment. They have
joined for the duration of the war.
have not lost their nationality and
are fighting for the sake of fighting.
AS the war continues other foreign
corps will be formed, either VOL
unfairly or compulsorily, in other
countries until citizens of the whole
world will be actively or otherwise
at war with each other.
Evening star., 1939-10-02

Eucharistic Congress in Chicago, at
tended by a dozen wearers of the
red hat, hundreds Of thousands of
visitors sought to receive his special
blessing.
Among his many activities he be-
came noted as a builder Of magnifi-
cent cathedrals and possessed an un-
usual knowledge of architecture. But
when he was greeted as archbishop
at Chicago he told his listeners:
II had rather lift up the poor
and despairing to a better, happier
life than rear the greatest cathedral
In the world"
Evening star., 1939-10-02

s. Mcmillan Of South Carolina. I'M
mediately thereafter it adjourned as
further mark Of respect.
Mr.. Mcmillan, who died in South
Carolina Friday, was described by
Representative Hare, Democrat, of
South Carolina, as a man of frank
ness and fairness" and "one of the
most popular members of the House."
Representative Fish, Republican,
OF New York said he knew of none
who would be mourned more by
members Of both sides of the
House"
Evening star., 1939-10-02
Archbishop CurIey Pays
Tribute to Mundelein

BALTIMORE, Oct. 2 (P-Arch-
bishop Michael ]. Curley Of the Bal
timore Diocese said today he was
deeply shocked and profoundly
grieved" by the death in Chicago, of
George Cardinal Mundelein.
Cardinal Mundelein's energetic
leadership constitutes an outstand-
ing contribution to religion in one
of the greatest dioceses of the en-
tire world. His devotion to the holy
see will long be remembered.
Evening star., 1939-10-02
men for whom I really have a deep
affection"

men for whom I really have q deep
affection"
In 1887 the cardinal was the sub
ject Of a diplomatic incident between
the German Reich and the United
States Describing Hitler as an Aus
trian paperhanger," the cardinal,
addressing diocesan conference In
Chicago, accused Nazi officials of
fostering malicious propaganda
against the church. He added in
part:
Perhaps you will ask how it is
that nation Of 100000 intelli-
gent people will submit in fear and
servitude to an alien, an Austrian
paperhanger. and poor one at that,
I am told. ."
At that time it was reported in
Germany that one of the things
which ranked Nazi officials was the
failure Of high Catholic churchmen
to disavow the statement of Cardi-
nal Mundelein, who was of German
lineage.
During his Washington visit last
October the cardinal accompanied
President Roosevelt to the Navy
Yard to witness the Navy Day cele-
bration, and later took river cruise
aboard the presidential yacht Po-
tomac.
Born in East Side.
Born In the crowded East Side of
New York City July 2, 1872, one Of
nine children, Cardinal Mundelein
In his early youth preferred serving
the altar to playing games with the
neighborhood boys. He received his
earlier education in st. Nicholas
Parochial School and the old De
La Sale Institute, where he was
graduated in 1887.
Two years later he was graduated
from Manhattan College and sub
sequently pursued his theological
studies at st. Vincent's Seminary,
Beatty, Pa. In 1892 he was sent to
the Urban College Of Propaganda, in
Rome, where he took special course
in the Academy Of Sacred Liturgy.
He was ordained to the priesthood
at the age of % in the Chapel Of the
Sisters Of the Holy Cross in Rome.
Returning to America, he was
appointed secretary to Bishop
Charles E. Mcdonnell of the Diocese
OF Brooklyn, and in 1897 became
chancellor Of the Diocese of Brook
lyn, position he held for IA years.
He advanced steadily in the church
because of his exceptional talent As
Evening star., 1939-10-02
Army Drops Officers
Found Physically Unfit
By the Associated Press.

os tuG ASSOSldtCo 1ICoS.
Apparently rejecting War De-
partment efforts to vitalize the
Army, officers have been retired re-
Gently as physically unfit at the rate
of about one a day.
Official orders list II such retire.
ments of colonies, lieutenant colo
nels, majors and captains in the last
two weeks.
Special medical examinations,
more searching than the routine
mid-winter annual tests, were or
dered by Secretary Woodring last
April for all officers of the grade of
captain and above. It is too early,
officials said, to gauge the full effects
of the program. -s. .-.- ---
The Coolidge examiner., 1939-02-02
Beginning Only Foretaste
Of What Is Coming

While it seems that a cut of $3.50,
900, 000-Which is about one-fifth the
amount asked - represents some
thing substantial, this beginning is
only a foretaste of what is COM
ing. The spenders have had their
innings for five or six years, or
since Mr.. Roosevelt's economy
act" of 1888 was abandoned as a
pattern of government. They have
used various names and descrip-
tons, such as pump printing" and
spending TO restore prosperity, etc.
1t appears now, however, that their
days are numbered. l do not mean
that everything in the way of gov
eminent cash sop is going to be
thrown out of the window at once.
I believe l can see, however, that
The Coolidge examiner., 1939-02-02
THE ISLAND OF GUAM
Mr.. Lippnann stated the case.

square-mile tract has belonged to
the u. S. since 1898, lately becom-
ing a potentially important base for
Pacific commercial aviation. But
since Japan began flashing her
fangs Guam has become even more
important as an outpost to protect
Americas back door. The need for
such an outpost is illustrated by ia
pans illegal fertilization of nearby,
inundated Caroline and Marianne
islands.
Official Washington thinks Japan
is using outlaw tactics in her Chi
nese invasion, her illegal fortiica-
tons and-of less importance to the
U. Spy threatening to fish Rus
sian waters whether Moscow ap-
proves or not. When President
Roosevelt's S552, 900, 900 emergency
defense program reached congress,
an item of $44, 900, 900 was listed for
naval air and submarine bases. Now
this has been boosted to S65, 900, 900,
and $1,000, coo of the sum would be
authorized at Guam for deepening
the harbor, making landing fields
and enlarging marine barracks.
This drew from Japan exactly the
protest Washington expected and
wanted. When Tokyo objected that
Guam's fortification would be an ag-
gressive move, the White House
commented that Columnist Walter
Lippmann's remarks just about fit
ted the picture: Congress should
authorize the fertilization of Guam,
and then the state department
should invite the japanese to dis
cuss the question under Article XIX
OF the Washington treaty (nine-pow-
er pact guaranteeing China's open
door,. In this discussion we could
say to the japanese if they do not
wish Guam to be fortified they
might return to the treaty by dis
mantling Notifications in the man.
dated islands,"
FreSluent Roosevelt mas remained
free of the controversy by pointing
out that congressional authorization
for rearmament is one thing, but
that authorization is worthless with
out appropriations.
Meanwhile the game of democra-
cy VS.. dictator became still more
bitter as Japan at once frightened
her belt and stuck out her tongue.
AS the diet opened its new session
in Tokyo, Premier Kiichiro Hiranu-
ma announced Cd that wartime con-
troll measures would be placed on
permanent basis and 90 that Japan
has no alternative other than to
"exterminate those who fail to un-
derstand' her aim in China.
The Coolidge examiner., 1939-02-02
Opposition to Philosophy
Of Spending Breaks Loose

1t will be recalled how the oppo-
nents of President Roosevelt's phi
losophy of spending showed their
mettle in the house of representa-
tives when that body voted to cut
$3.50, 600, 900 off of the deficiency re-
lief appropriation. Mr.. Roosevelt
asked for S875, 900, 900. The cut was
accomplished despite some hair
raising stories from official sources
in the administration that elimina-
ton of any of the requested funds
would mean suffering, maybe star
walton, maybe quick death, for
many thousands of persons.
Well, the house members Cor a
majority of them) did not believe
those stories, and thus they made a
start at cutting governmental
spending. They gave an indication
at the same time that there must be
a general revision of the federal
governments machinery for relief
of the unemployed. During the de-
bate and in the corridors, one heard
frequent expressions that congress
had appropriated last year the funds
the administration thought necessa-
ry to maintain relief until the end
of next June. But profligate spend
ing had used up the money and the
professional BELIEVERS had returned
for more. Some of the debate was
quite acrimonious and various
charges were hurled that the relief
officials had tried again to buy"
the election, that being why the
funds ran short.
Immediately after the house was
through with the relief bill, the OPP
ponents of spending in the senate
started after the appropriation.
There were many in that body who
wanted to appropriate only for two
months, proposing that in the mean
time there should be a brand new
relief setup devised. But the ma
jority sentiment was swayed by the
general argument that, whatever
the shortcomings of the Harry Hop
kins relief methods, poor people
should not be made the goats; it
was no fault of the unemployed who
needed help that Mr.. Hopkins, now
the secretary of commerce, had
made a mess of the relief program.
The Coolidge examiner., 1939-02-02
Pump Printing Gifts to
States Force Them to BorroU

Further, nearly all of the federal
appropriations for pump printing"
when granted to states or lesser
jurisdictions, are offered on condi-
ton that the state, or city or county,
must put up an equal amount. In
hundreds of cases in the last six
years, this policy has resulted in
states or lesser subdivisions of gov
eminent being forced to borrow on
its own bonds in order to get hold of
the federal cash. The result: new
debt. 1t becomes clear, therefore,
that if the state executives insist on
reduced expenditures, they are un-
likely to accept these federal gifts
because of the probable added debt
burden.
Another thing likely to happen in
some of the states is added taxes.
The state legislatures are due for
an awakening as to the actual con-
dition of their state finances. Some
may dodge it this year, but facts
will have to be faced When new
taxes come, what a howl there will
be! That howl will be heard in con-
gress, too, both concerning state
and county and city taxes on the one
hand and national taxes on the other
hand. 1t appears to me that taxes
will prove to be the best antidote
for The poison of borrowing to spend
that can be found.
G Western Newspaper Union.
The Coolidge examiner., 1939-02-02
Germany

DR.. Hjalmar Horace Greeley
Schacht gained a good world name
by rescuing the German mark dur
ing postwar imitation. He has head
ed the Reichsbank ever since,
switching over to Nazidom despite
its unorthodox policies of self-suf-
fciency which are diametrically
opposed to recognized economic and
political principles. Though Ger
many's finances have suffered
through foreign trade losses, Doctor
Schacht was mira culously able to
restore a measure of economic pros
perity.
But this has been a personal vic
tory, won not through Nazi merits
but through Schacht friendship. Be-
cause he held such a good name,
Doctor Schacht was able to travel
in select foreign circles where Nazis
Hitler, Goering and Goebbels
would not be accepted. Result: He
wangled many a foreign trade con-
cession, especially from England.
The belief that he may have been
wolfish despite his sleeps clothing
is further illustrated by the Schacht
plan for disposing of German Jews,
whereby democracies would agree
to stimulate consumption of Nazi
exports.
But Doctor Schacht has been sum-
marily dismissed as Reichsbank
president, a sudden coup which OBJ
servers can interpret in either Of
two ways:
PrO-Schacht. Because Of the
unique confidence foreigners place
in Doctor Schacht, Reichsfuehrer
Hitler may believe him more useful
as an international salesman than a
banker. Since he is to remain in
the cabinet without portfolio) there
are rumors he will attempt to peddle
The Coolidge examiner., 1939-02-02

Two former U. S. treasury secre-
taries, Andrew w. Mellon and Og-
den L. Mills, condemned the in
equity of tax exempt federal, state
and local bonds. Since his soak
| the-rich" revenue proposal of 1885.
President Roosevelt has fought tax
exempt securities and one other I'M
popular exemption, that on federal,
state and local employees salaries.
If these exemptions could be abol-
ished the U. s. government figures
it would net eventually $500, 900, 900
annually from government securi-
ties. plus 100000 from employ
ees' income taxes.
One day before the President Of
fered this program to congress in
a special message, he sent Treas
| ury Undersecretary John w. Hanes
to pave the way before a special
senate committee. Said Mr.. Hanes:
The time for action has come"
The Constitution Sixteenth
amendment gives congress power to
lay and collect taxes on incomes
from whatever source derived"
therefore the administration thinks
statutory enactment rather than
constitutional amendment will suf-
fee. Later, after congress has spo-
ken. the courts can decide whether
its action is constitutional Argued
Mr.. Hanes:
Tax exempt securities now per-
NIT many large-income persons to
escape income taxes entirely, there
fore they are unfair. The SOS,
900. 900 in tax exempt securities now
outstanding (of which some $50,
900, 900 would be taxable) is so for
midable that it discourages invest
ment in private enterprises involv-
ing risk. Thus industry cannot COM
pete. AS for income tax exemp-
tons. the u. S. Supreme court has
already set a precedent by ruling
that salaries of such quazi-public
agencies as the Port of New York
authority are subject to federal tax
alton.
AS might be expected, state and
local groups jumped into the fight
overnight. Argued the Conference
of State Defense: Tax yield would
not approach the immediate treas
ury estimate of $70,00O,O00 year.
Moreover it would work hardship on
states and municipalities by increas-
ing financing costs The statutory
procedure would be unconstitution-
al Most important. once congress
power to tax income of state and To-
cal securities has been established,
a situation could arise in which con-
gress would attempt to tax state