davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-08-24
Police Expansion

Considering the dernands-routine
and extraordinary-made upon the
Metropolitan Police Department, the
request of Major Ernest w. Brown
superintendent of police, for a new
precinct station. additional patrol
men and certain equipment is mod
est in the extreme. No other police
department in the country is faced
with the special problems that plague
local police because of Washington's
unique status as the seat Of Govern
ment. Major Brown properly referred
to some of these unusual problems
IN presenting to the Commissioners
the police estimates for 1s41. 1T is
1ound," he said, that there are so
many details of policemen to various
duties incident to ceremonies, lega-
tlons, embassies, emergency situa-
tlons, escorts, protection of school
children in the morning, afternoon
and recess times, and handling of
traffic during the rush hours, that at
no time are there sufficient patrol
men to assign to all beats, thus ma
terially reducing their efficiency as
well as the degree of protection to
which the public justly is entitled"
Despite the extra burden put on
the Washington police force in con-
nection with White House and other
off1cial functions, visits of distin-
gulShed guests, relief marches and
other parades and demonstrations
OF a type peculiar to the Nations
capital, the ratio of police to area
ana TO population is less than in a
number of comparable cities. There
are about twenty policemen for each
square mile here, and about two
policemen for each one thousand of
population. Some cities have thirty
or forty patrolmen per square mile
and a larger ratio of patrolmen to
each thousand of population. AS
MAJOR Brown reported, there is
urgent need for another precinct sta
ton in the rapidly growing Northeast
section, and for improvement of de-
tentlon facilities allotted to the sec
ond and thirteenth precincts, head
quarters of which are maintained
Jointly in a station on U street, be-
tween Ninth and Tenth streets NV.
There are more arrests in the area
covered by these precincts than any,
where else In the District. Budget
ana congressional authorities will
nnd by careful study of police needs
tnat 1t would be false economv
TO attempt to save money at the ex-
pense of better law enforcement in
Washington.
Evening star., 1939-08-24
Bolivian Tragedy

Inc sudden and mysterious death
OF German Busch, dictator of Bolivia
Is but the latest incident In the story
OF a nation which never has been
celebrated for the stability of its
government. From the moment of
the declaration Of its independence.
August 6, 1924, it has known almost
uninterrupted turmoil. sucre, first
chief OF state, was expelled, later
assassinated; Santa Cruz was exiled:
BalliVian retired to Chile; Linares
was deposed; de Acha "fell";; Mel
gareJo was driven OUT; Frias was
"set aside; Daza fled to save his
life; Alonzo cleft in haste"i Guerra
was forced to resign; Villaneuva
was removed; Siles escaped; Sala-
manca was turned out" The roster
OF presidents is roll-call of leaders
rejected. War and revolution have
afflicted the land for more than a
century.
1t was to put a halt to disorder
that Col. Busch engineered the
bloodiess coup which eliminated
Jose David Toro, July 13, 1887. The
same purpose motivated him, he said,
when he suspended the constitution
and cancelled all existing laws on
April "a last. Bolivia, under his
management, was to be the first
totalitarian state in the Western
Hemisphere. Denying aff1liation with
European relationships, he ordered
the appropriation of foreign oil
properties, took control of banking,
made civil service mandatory and
put into effect a system of cultural
conscription for the education OF the
masses. His hope was to refinance
his government by the sale of petro-
leum and tin.
But the difficulties in which he
soon found himself involved were
beyond his power to solve. Like so
many Of his predecessors, he has
failed to dominate the circumstances
of his time. Young, handsome,
earnest, self-confident, courageous
yet not overly wise, he dies by his
own hand, If official explanations
are to be believed.
Evening star., 1939-08-24
THIS AND THAT
By Charles Z. TraceDell.

1t was exactly $50 am when, through
a space between the trees, q flock Of
birds streaked across and was gone.
They were headed south.
The annual migration has begun. Now
they are going south, as they came north
few months ago.
The birds were too high, and 1t was
still too dark to distinguish them.
After all, the species made no differ
ence.
The interesting thing was that nesting
was over, and the birds had begun to 60
no, not home. 1t is almost irresistible,
when writing about this annual return
movement, to avoid the word.
The South, however, is not home to the
birds.
If any section is home to them, 1t is
the North.
The truth is that, to use the words of
an old song-which we never heard any,
BODY able to siEg-"any old place they
hang their hat is home, sweet home to
them"
Birds do not, scientifically speaking,
have hats, but it is easy to understand
the songs application.
X X X
II birds had been instituted to please
the human race they could not have been
worked out any better.
Consider not only their appeal to eye
and ear, but also to the mind, in their
many interesting habits.
Above all, however, they make "hit''
with the home owner who wants to feed
them, whether on the window sill or by
means OF more elaborate feeding sta
tion in the garden
They seem to be divinely appointed
Just Tor him, by reason OF the fact that
some species go away, some stay all WIN
ter and in the spring those which went
away come back again.
mus there Is a constant intercha1lpe
especially noticeable in early spring and
In the fall, for migration, of course, works
ooth ways, and during many months of
the year there are birds dropping down
1or day or two, either on their way
north. or on their way south.
And, too, there are birds in the far
North which come to Washington and
vicinity as their southmost limit.
This Is south" to them.
Similarly, birds in the South often find
this their northern limit.
4 r. 4
so on taking up the interesting hobby
OF watching the birds, and especially ot
leeding them, it is necessary to 90 slow
IN talking about them until one has made
little preliminary investigation.
The newcomer is likely to think the
blue Jay a migrator, until it dawns
upon him that this robust fellow is here
the year around.
The newcomer often tends to thinl
Evening star., 1939-08-24
Worthy Project

Motorists in the Washington area,
particularly those who commute to
Virginia by way Of the Arlington Me-
mortal Bridge, should receive with
qualification the news that major
highway improvements at the Vir-
ginia end Of the bridge are to be
undertaken in the early autumn.
According to plans announced yes
terday and to be effected by the Ma
tional Park Service and Public Roads
Administration, a traffic circle with
dual approaches from the north and
south will replace the present traffic
snarling intersection at the west end
OF the bridge. Designed with 400
Evening star., 1939-08-24

group OF small democratic countries,
have accustomed themselves on
numerous occasions since the war to
cooperation, first in economic mat
ters and presently in the political
sphere.
There is no convention now bind
ing these governments. Yet under
the pressure of menacing conditions
they know how, while maintaining
independent foreign policies, to act
in unision for their common welfare.
The common interest which first
brought them together was the desire
to preserve liberal trade practices
against the rising tide of tariff bar
riers, quotas and exchange restric-
tionS. In 1880 they signed the first
Oslo convention and in 1887 renewed
1t for one year with changes, but it
was allowed to lapse last year in the
face of the hard reality that the rest
of the world, with few exceptions,
was committed to destructive prac-
tices of barter and trade balancing
which are incompatible with liberal
trade methods. It was in resignation
to the factual situation that they
gave up their convention, but con-
tinued to act toward one another
on its principles.
In more recent years, particularly
since the failure of sanctions against
Italy, these seven countries, whose
geographical situations are so diverse,
have followed policies of closer polit-
ical cooperation.
The one common concern which
most definitely binds them is their
desire for neutrality. In July, 1898,
they formally declared that member
states Of the League Of Nations had
the right OF deciding for themselves
whether to apply sanctions.
The Scandinavian states and Hol-
land were neutral in the World War
of 1914-1918. Belgium and Finland
were both involved in the war, but
Belgium, after witnessing the German
destruction of Locarno in 1896, estab-
lished her future policy as one OF
neutrality rather than alliances
Finland also has been disillusioned
with the sanctions system and Lux
emburg is tied to Belgium policy.
The Brussels meeting means two
things: First, the Oslo states are
striving to avert a conflict which
appears imminent and thus fore
stall any threats to their neu-
trality; secondly, the conference will
provide an opportunity to lay the
groundwork for cooperation for the
preservation of their neutrality if
war does break out.
These states, although democratic
have everything to lose by taking
sides between the prospective bellig-
erents. Their existence depends upon
remaining friendly with both sides
This they intend to do.
Evening star., 1939-08-24
Oslo Stutes' MEETING

Summoning of the Oslo states to
Brussels by King Leopold of the Bel
gians for a conference on a direct
appeal for a peaceful solution Of
Europe's problems emphasizes the
determination Of this group Of neu-
trails to avoid by every means in
volvement in the conflict which may
soon break over Europe.
Belgium, the Netherlands, Den
mark, Sweden, Norway, Finland and
Luxembourg, which compose this
Evening star., 1939-08-24

Not only are ballroom dancers in
Germany warned to watch your
STEP" by Nazi censors, but leaders Of
dance orchestras are told that vocal
refrains sung in foreign languages
are uniting" How about those
stirring teutonic lines, "Funiculi
Funcula" and "Zwilly willy -winktum,
zoom!"? t..
Evening star., 1939-08-24
German-S0viet Pact Forces
New Algnments.
To the Editor of The at.,.

New Arguments.
To the Editor Of The Star:
The news that Germany and Russia
are about to sign non-aggression pact
has burst like bombshell on an aston
lshed world. What is the meaning of this
seeming revearsal of policy?
Are we to assume that the U. s. S. R.
is ready to let bygones be bygones? That
she Is ready to overlook the fact that
Hitler came to power through a drive
on international Bolshevism; that he
selected Communists and militant labor
leaders for his first and most barbarous
attacks?
How does this last piece of diplomacy
Jlbe with the international Communist
tactic OF the popular front to rally the
broadest masses against the menace of
Fascism? The popular front theory it.
sell is predicated on the assumption that
Fascism is the enemy Of democracy, Of
culture and of progress in general.
Another factor that we cannot afford
to ignore Is that since Hitler's rise to
leadership. the Red Army and the people
OF the U. s. s. r. have been inculcated
with hatred Of everything Fascist and
with the desire to wipe their greatest
enemy, Fascism, from the earth. TO the
Russian people today, Fascism and evil
are synonymous.
To John @. Public In America this
whole business looks like q mass Of con-
tradictions and inconsistencies and an
additional source of irritation. But to
the careful student Of history this latest
Soviet maneuver furnishes an example
of one of the most delectable pieces Of
diplomacy he has seen in many a moon.
Hitler's foreign policy is motivated by
twofold purpose: To defeat the western
democracies and cause the Versailles
treaty to be reversed, and, secondly, to
bring the U. s. 8. r. to her knees and
gain possession OF Russia's vast resources.
The Nazis have long realized that . war
on both the western and eastern from
tiers would b too hazardous m UNDER
Evening star., 1939-08-24
Urges Condemnation Of
Closed Shop.
By Thomas r. Henry.

To the Editor Of The Star:
The Republican party should include
in its platform plank fatly condemning
the theory Of the "closed shop" in labor
adjustments.
theoretically, the labor unionists will
argue that the CLOSED shop" principle
is right because all workers should join
the union for their common good Prac-
tically, however, 1t does not work out
that way.
Thousands of men are denied union
membership because they have not
served as apprentices, and even very
young men are told that the ranks Of
apprentices are closed. This restricts
jobs to those already in the unions and
condemns all others to the relief rolls.
Any political party which advocates
q square deal for all classes must con-
denim the "closed shop"
August ~. FRANK q. CANPBElL.
ss4ssESs.z
Evening star., 1939-08-24

Every sports lover hopes the In
fantile paralysis germ will find as
firm q foe in Lou Gehrig's rugged
frame as did the pneumonia bug in
the body Of Two-Ton Tony Galento.
Evening star., 1939-08-24

Wall paper was used in this coun-
try as early as the late 18th century.
It was not used to hold buildings to-
gether, however. until the boom days
ct the end Of the 10th.
Evening star., 1939-08-24
Letters to the Editor
Advocates Central Planning
Board for Industry.


Board for Industry.
To the Editor Of The Star:
In its closing days, when the 18th
Congress was rejecting the spending
program and cutting down on relief,
there was introduced a bill which aims
at making these unnecessary.
1t is H. r. 7480 and was introduced by
Representative Keller. Under 1t Ameri-
can industry would be organized as a
systematic whole, with central planning
boards over all and separate planning
boards over. each kind of industry. The
duties OF these boards would be to plan
ahead the amount of goods to be pro-
duced and to allot to individual con-
Germs their quotas. All concerns en-
gagged in interstate commerce would be
licensed and they would have to pro-
duce their quotas or have their licenses
revoked.
The bill also provides for q thirty
hour week until the unemployment
slack is taken up, and makes provision
Tor conservation of natural resources,
vacation with pay, the minimizing of
dangerous and unhealthy working con-
ditions, prevention of unwarranted in
crease in prices, for equal pay for men
and women for the same kind Of work
and against child labor.
Mr.. Keller believes that America
should control its industries if 1t wishes
to reap the full benefits of their pro-
ducing capacity and when they operate
without control that depression will
follow prosperity as surely as night fol-
lows day. Yet, under proper control,
ne thinks that they could supply us
with sufficient goods for all of our needs.
This reader has advocated such a
course since 1888.
August 20 WILLIAM OWEN
Evening star., 1939-08-24

Letters to the Editor must
Dear the name and address of
the Driter, although the use OF
a pseudonyn1 for publication is
permissible. Please be briet!
Evening star., 1939-08-24
Rate by Mail-Payable in Advance.
All Otber statex and Canada.
Entered as second-class matter post once.
washington. d c.
Member of the Associated Press.

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to
the for republication of all news dispatches
credited to It or not otherwise credited In this
paper and also the local news published herein
All rights Of publication of special dispatches
herein also are reserved
Evening star., 1939-08-24
WASHIN TON, D. C.
THURSDAY August "a, 1883

The Evening Star Newspaper Company.
Nam once: l1th St ana Pennsylvapia Ave.
New York once: l10 East 42nd St
Chicago once: 435 North Michigan Ave
Evening star., 1939-08-24

A reader can get the ansuer to ann
question OF fact by ,Drtttng The Ere-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred.
eric J. Hasksn, director, Washinoton.
D. C. Please tnclose stamp for replu.
Evening star., 1939-06-15
Desper Wins Runoff
In Primers Election

New president of the Columbia
Typographical Union today is Clar-
ence j. Desper, Times-Herald print
er, who won run-off election by
defeating Jesse Byron Manbeck Of
the Post, 1,187 to 904.
Mr.. Desper anc MIR. Manbeck were
high men in the election May II
to name a successor to John B.
Dickman, ST., retired Government
Printing Offlce employe. The run
of election yesterday, first in the
history Of the union, was required
because no candidate received a ma
jority Of votes in the regular elec-
ton.
Other results were:
John R. Evans of the Government
Printing Office defeated Walter S.
Sonntag. jr, of the same office for
vice president, and James I.
Crockett of The Evening Star de-
feated George L. Rooney OF the
Times-Herald for the post of Sec
retary-treasurer.
Mr.. Desper, a member of tho
union since 1916 and a linotype
operator here since 1917, served his
apprenticeship on the Staunton
(Va0 News Leader. He has been
active in the affairs of the union.
He was delegate to the 1893 con-
vention Of the International Typo
graphical Union at Birmingham,
and to the Maryland State and Dis
trict Of Columbia Federation Of La
Dor in 1885. At present he Is a
member of the Auditing COMMITTEES
Of the Out-of-Work Relief Commit
tee.
Evening star., 1939-06-15
q Brown Graduates
To Attend Reunion

Twenty three graduates of Brown
University living in and near the
District have indicated they will
return to the university for reunions
tomorrow.
They are the Rev. Newton NJ
Simmonds, 1924 Gallatin street
NV; Henry M. Barry, 2811 Thirty
fourth place NV; George S.
Holmes. 1890 Connecticut avenue
NV: John R. Lapham, 1900 Arkan-
sas avenue NV; Lewis Darlington,
Conduit road NV, station A.;
Courtney M. Morgan, 701 Nine
teenth street NV; Lawrence S.
Larry, 1902 S street NV the Rev.
Paul D. Wilbur, 3421 Center street
NV; Everett Eynon, Wardman
Park Hotel; Warren B. Francis,
1921 Northampton street NV.
Allen E. Hastings, 2031 Thirty
Fourth street Sc; Edward J.
Hickey, jr., 5738 Seventh street
NV; Sumner L. Kerry, 1929 Bel
mont street NV; Robert L. Liv-
ingston, 31O0 Connecticut avenue
NV; Walter H. Porter, 100 Emer-
son street NV; Ernest r. Cleave-
land, IA West Leland street, Chevy
Chase, Md; Raymond A. Bergstrom,
5 Everett street, Kensington, Md;
Edmund B. Dorsee, 207 Highview
avenue, Silver Spring, Md.
Lewis L. Ecker, 1888 Thirteenth
street NV; John D. Glover, 1850
Harvard street NV; John E. Pigott,
2700 @ street NV; George w.
Thompson, jr., 701-711 Nineteenth
street NV, and Otto w. Jaeger,
1929 Connecticut avenue NV.
Evening star., 1939-06-15
Brooke Lee Denies
DR.. Smiths Testimony

Brooke Lee, Maryland Democratic
figure, who was mentioned by DR..
Smith in her testimony yesterday,
as having interfered with her efforts
to dismiss employees whom she con-
sidered inefficient, today denied
the charge.
Mr.. Lee, in statement said:
II never met Dr. Carrie Weaver
Smith, never talked with her, never
called at her Office and there is
no record in my Office that 1 have
ever written her a letter. I know
nothing of her record and never
had any contact with the institu-
ton which she formerly headed,
ED I do not even know anyone who
works in that institution or who
ever did work there.
Yesterday, in her testimony be-
lore the District Commissioners, DR..
smith alleged that I telephoned her
sometime in 1886 or 1887, and in
qulreo about an employe whom she
hao discharged. I have no recol-
!ection OF such a telephone call. If
old make such a telephone call,
however, 1t certainly would not con-
stitute pressure and interference as
aileged by DR.. Smith and I certainly
olo not participate in any pressure
or interference with her administra-
ton OF the National Training School
for Girls.
In my opinion if DR.. Smith feels
her defense needs the charge she
made yesterday, which 1 believe tn
be totally untrue, she certainly has
q poor case"
Evening star., 1939-06-15
5O-Acre Tract Acquired
For Shepard Parkway

Virtual completion of purchase of
land for Shepard Parkway in
Southeast Washington-part OF the
proposed Fort Drive-Was an
nounced today by Norman C. Brown,
associate land purchasing officer for
the National Capital Park and
Planning Commission.
The newly-acquired tract, ap-
proximately so acres, lies in the
southeast corner of the District i'm
mediately north and northeast of
Blue Plains. Mr.. Brown said nego-
tiations for the land had been
under way for 10 years and that the
purchase represented one of the
largest made recently by the COM
mission. A small unacquired area
remains to be purchased, he said,
but condemnation of this has been
authorized.
This land, coupled with what al
ready has been acquired in that
area, will provide for the construc-
ton of Fort Drive to the District
line and its future extension into
Maryland.
Evening star., 1939-06-15
Vocational Education
Urged 10 Help Solve
Youth Problem
Milwaukee Man Urges
Extension Of Program
Throughout Nation

With youthful enthusiasm, Mil
waukee educator yesterday outlined
the function of education as
gyroscope stabilizing the population
in the storm of employer -employe
relations.
Called to Washington by the
Labor Departments Committee on
Apprenticeship Training, gray
haired Robert Lawrence Cooley
told how, with a start of $1,000 and
few students, vocational training
for youths between 16 and IS years
old has expanded since 1912 to a
81 BAT 900 public service with 21,O00
students.
Mr.. Cooley started as a teacher in
a one-room rural school and now
heads Milwaukees s5,O00,0OO voca-
tional school. What he has accom-
plshed in one city the Federal Gov
ernment hopes to spread through
out the country. Though the ma
tional plans are not out of the paper
stage, the Government has field
men out trying to convince cities
that the vocational work of Mr..
Cooley should be duplicated.
Work, Training Combined.
The plan is to aid young people
who leave school to get jobs. Rather
than have them bluntly thrust into
the working world, the Milwaukee
vocational plan uses combination
of work and training.
Mr.. Cooley pointed out that several
progressive countries in Europe have
had the plan in operation for many
years, but that in the United States
there are only few isolated spots
where such schools are operated.
He distinguishes considerably be-
tween trade schools and his type of
vocational school. Trade schools,
he said, are too much like tunnels.
"Our schools provide a wide va
riety. Of opportunity for workers to
choose the trade they want to
follow" he said.
Hopes to See Work Spread.
1t Is the duty of the vocational
school board to keep policies from
being swayed by either employe or
employer, he said. The Milwaukee
plan has two labor representatives
two employer representatives and
the superintendent of schools as an
ex-oficio member of the Board of
Vocational Education. The boards
direct supervisor, Mr.. Cooley, is the
director of vocational education. The
director is charged with personal op-
Grafton of the part-time school.
Mr.. Cooley pointed out that the
youth needing this type of aid in
becoming adjusted to trade gen.
orally filters out of school between
the ages of 16 and 25. Where they
leave the field of full time school to
that of partial instruction is the
place where the vocational school is
needed, he said.
Though the Government, through
the Civilian Conservation Corps and
the National Youth Administration,
is working with the same age groups
as those handled by Mr.. Cooley, he
feels those programs are inadequate.
He wants the vocational training
school spread throughout the
country.