davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-09-03

assume the British will not fight.
Therefore he must know it will be
a long war. He has always wanted
short, easy war against Poland
alone. Now he has a long, difficult
war against Poland, Britain, France
and others.
Two theories are held here. One
is that Hitler is Waging war of
desperation. He thought his non-
aggression pact with Soviet Russia
would neutralize the other powers.
1t did not. But it was too late for
Hitler to recede. What has pro-
duced the invasion of Poland is
desperation on top of a CHASTITY mis-
calculation.
The other theory, which this cor
respondent submits with all reserve,
is that the Soviet-German pact goes
deeper than we know and that Hit
ler is counting on some sort of aid
from the Soviet Union and possibly
even eventual action by the Soviet
Union against Poland. Obviously,
Russian participation in the war
would immensely change the bal
ance of forces. My own feeling is
that Russia is likely to remain neu-
tral, at least at the beginning. But
the theory of active Russian aid to
Germany is being broached here and
1t is ones duty to report it.
Evening star., 1939-09-03
Berlin
Continued From First Page.)

NSOllUllluCu 1OlIi II SG dkC.j
air over Poland and of the Baltic
Sea.
1t gave a long list of Polish cities
or towns, including Warsaw. in or
near which military objectives'
were bombed.
The railroad from Silesia to
Gdynia, completed through French
loan a few months ago to carry coal
to Gdynia Harbor, was reported cut
early today above Bydgoszcz.
Jablonka Pass Reported Taken.
To the south troops advanced into
the hilly mining area of Silesia
reaching Pszcznya and Bielsko.
Jablonka Pass, most important gate
way in the small Carpathians, on
the Polish-S -Slovak frontier, was
stormed and taken, the communique
reported.
Cieszyn and Oderberg, both of
which Poland took from Czecho-
Slovakia last October, were said to
be in German hands. Oderberg is
an important railhead.
Neumarkt, in the Tatra Noun
tains, was reported taken yester-
day. This indicates the interna-
tional winter resort of Zakopane. in
the Tatras, is surrounded, If not
taken.
The armys progress frequently
was announced by radio.
Hitler Answers Roosevelt.
The Government announced to-
day that Chancellor Hitler had re-
piled favorably to President Roose-
velt's appeal not to bomb oper
towns. The chancellor said he hac
announced in the Reichstag his in.
tention not to do SO unless the
enemy started it.
Economics Minister Walther Funk
in a talk to directors of the Reichs-
bank, gave assurances that thu
Reichs financial and economic
situation was unmolested by war
hence it would be unnecessary Il
take special measures to protect the
ReichSmark
On the other hand, Maj. Gen
Konstantin Hierl, labor service
leader. announced that a speeding
up already had been decreed in thu
labor service of all girls from II tt
Is years who were not already en-.
gagged in special services. The girl!
will be assigned to duties of helping
farmers and mothers.
Evening star., 1939-09-03

ular excursion trains make their
last trips.
Newspapers said they all had faith
in Mussolini. To foreign observers
it seemed they trusted in him to
keep them out of war. The press
unanimously refrained from men,
ton of the pact of steel" as it usual
ly calls the military alliance en-
poWering Hitler to call on MuSsolini
for military help.
Newspaper accounts were frankly
pro- German. Britain and France
were held responsible for hostilities,
but the comment lacked the ex-
treme bitterness of previous attacks
on those countries. There was wide
spread belief that the British and
French Ambassadors were offering
concessions in return for Italian
neutrality.
Student Pilots Recruited.
The government has announced
military precautions taken we're
deemed adequate. One new develop
ment was the recruiting of thou
sands of student pilots. Italy is
supposed to have more than 10000
pilots trained or in training.
Some foreigners Cancelled plans
to leave the country following
Italys declaration of a decision to
refrain from military initiative
This, with her pledge to respect
Swiss neutrality, seemed assurance
that the Swiss frontier would re-
main open.
Pope Plus continued to receive
diplomats to the Vatican, among
them the ENJOYS of Belgium, Spain
Poland, France, Italy and the King S
chaplain.
Evening star., 1939-09-03
Soviet Reported Battling
japanese in Manchukuo

By the Associated Press.
MOSCOW, Sept. 2-Soviet Rus
sian and Outer Mongolian troops
were reported by foreign sources to-
day to have pushed into Manchukuo
and to have fought Japanese troops
for the past two or three weeks
within the frontiers of Japan's Far
Eastern protectorate.
These unofficial but well-informed
foreign sources said Tsitsihar, chief
industrial and railway center Of
northeastern Manchukuo, had been
bombed and badly damaged.
The Soviet successes were de-
scribed as the, result of Soviet
Outer Mongolian counterattack,
which was claimed here to have
crushed that part of Japan's Kwan-
tung army which is in northwestern
Manchukuo. It was reported Japa-
nese forces in that region numbered
10000 men.
Intermittent border fighting has
been in progress since May II.
Evening star., 1939-09-03

however, the favorable recognition of
both Prime Minister Chamberlain
and Premier Daladier of the Duce's
peace efforts
| Italians have expressed the belief
| all during the crisis that Mussolini
might be the eventual peace-maker
The main question in Rome tonight
was whether there remained time
for further negotiation before the
British and French go to Poland's S
| aid.
Split With Reich Doubted.
| Some foreigners thought Mussolini
might have issued his cabinets dec
laration of virtual neutrality to
keep himself in position to act as
peace-maker.
Responsible Fascists doubted, how
ever, the suggestion that Mussolini
might split Italy away from the
German military alliance in case the
peace efforts fail.
One authority said any idea of
cutting relations between Ger
many and Italy was fantastic"
The framework of few AFRAID
shelters appeared in the streets of
Rome today. They consisted chiefly
of wooden lean-tos with space to be
filled with sandbags.
Foreign Minister Count Galeazzo
Ciano conferred with Hungarian
Minister Baron Frederic Villain. 1t
was reported that Hungary was
looking to Italy for leadership in
the peace move.
The Ambassadors of France and
Britain also conferred with Ciano
as Italy continued her policy of
watchful waiting and avoidance of
any military "initiative'' in the
crisis arising from the German in
vasion of Poland.
ii Duce Sees King.
Mussolini was reported to have
conferred with King Victor En-
manuel today on Italys policy of
watthful waiting amid the swirl of
events which threatened to extend
the German Polish conflict into a
European war.
The King arrived in Rome this
morning from his summer palace
at San Rossore and Immediately
received the Premier.
The important commentator, Vir-
ginio Gayda, in II Giornale d1talia,
noted uneasily that French and
British war preparations made it
seem that only miracle could pre-
vent more general explosion"
Italy, he said, rested on her arms,
confident she had done everything
possible to avoid war. He said she
was following events with maxi
mum political and diplomatic Wig
lance"
Other important press spokesmen
wrote in practically the same vein.
In the absence of definite indica-
tions to the contrary, the feeling
still prevailed in foreign circles that
Italy would remain neutral as long
as her territory escaped attack.
Gas Sales Forbidden.
Italians went about their affairs
with little show of even thinking
about the war in Poland. Gasoline
sales were forbidden to all drivers
except diplomats. taxicabs, trucks
and those having special permits
Taxicabs were limited to az gallons
90 liters) daily; trucks were allowed
twice that.
Many Italians expected to enjoy
their usual Sunday travelling for the
last time tomorrow. when the pop
Evening star., 1939-09-03
Gunther
Continued From First Page)

sign an agreement to cut their own
throats. He never had direct con-
tact with the Poles at all British
Ambassador Henderson in Berlin in
formed London of the ultimatum
and the British then told the Poles.
Lipski Sought Conference.
From am. Thursday until 8 pm.
Polish Ambassador Lipski in Berlin
asked for an opportunity to see Ger
man Foreign Minister Won Ribben-
trop. The Germans asked him if
he wanted an interview in his ca
pacity as Ambassador or as a pleni-
potentiary ready to submit to the
German terms. At no time was the
prospect held out of any negotiation.
The Poles were simply told that they
had to come to sign the German
terms
Lipski was finally received and
was given Hitler's l6 points. This
was at pm. Without waiting for
an answer, without giving Lipski
time to communicate with his gov
ernment. the German radio an
nounced the 16 points at 9 pm. and
the German armed forces began the
invasion of Poland at dawn next
day.
There have been unpleasant wars
before. Seldom, however, has one
been begun in such a callously de-
ceptive manner.
Presumably something can be re-
vealed now of Hitlers private be-
havior in the last few days. He has
stormed and ranted, sobbed and
screamed, according to information
received here, at one moment de-
manding the total annihilation OF
Poland at others bursting into tears
and saying he is only a simple
artist" who wants to bring peace
to the world
Curious on Deciding Faction.
What the British are most inter
ested in at the moment is to deter
mine precisely why Hitler has taker
the plunge and decided to make war
1t is inconceivable that he can still
Evening star., 1939-09-03

New social legislation is boosting
wages in Hungary.
Evening star., 1939-09-03
Seizure Of Territory
For Slovakia Forecast
BY the Associated Press

BY the Associated Press.
BRATISLAVA, Sept. Am off,
cial Slovak communique expressed
confidence today the German Army
would seize Polish territory for
Slovakia.
THE whole nation is convinced
that the evolution of events will
automatically return those Slovaks
that have been torn away by force
in Northern Slovakia to the Slovak
state" the communique said.
The Slovak communique said:
Great tension of the international
situation has no unfavorable influ-
ence on Slovakia. The population
OF Slovakia, preserving all necessary
calm and forethought, are carrying
on daily work with the greatest of
security. There are no signs what
ever OF panic or fear of the future
found in neighboring states. The
Slovakia population believes in VIC
tory for the Slovak cause"
Evening star., 1939-09-03
MussoIini Makinq
Last-Minute Effort
To Halt Conflict
Five-Power Conference
Proposed to Negotiate
Brood Settlement
BY RICHARD G. MASSOCK,

Associated Press Foreign Correspondent.
ROME, Sept. 2.-Premier Musso-
lini tonight sought to prevent Po-
lish-German hostilities from spread
ing into general European war by
arranging a negotiated settlement.
Conferences which the British
and French Ambassadors had with
Foreign Minister Count Galeazzo
Ciano were believed to be connect
ed directly with an Italian pro-
posal of a five-power conference
disclosed in London by Prime Min
lister Chamberlain and Foreign
Secretary Lord Halifax.
The possibility of halting the
German-Polish conflict and ar
ranging a peaceable settlement was
believed to have been discussed at
the diplomatic conferences, but no
official information was forthcom-
ing
Duce Believed Still Active.
Some foreign observers believed,
however, that Mussolini had been
asked to use his influence to per-
suade Adolf Hitler to halt fighting
in Poland, call his army back and
negotiate a settlement of his de-
mands on the Poles.
Since authoritative Italians have
declared II Duce would continue
his efforts to arrange peace, he was
believed still to be active in that
direction tonight.
Here it was regarded as certain
that any five-power conference
proposed by II Duce would not be
merely for settling the German
! Polish conflict but would be aimed
at complete revision of the treaty
of Versailles.
Under SUCH revision Italy ane
Germany would seek political ane
economic concessions which they
consider necessary to end European
tension once and for all This Ions
has been II Duce's idea and Ital.
ian newspapers recently have beer
stressing it as the only real solution
| Italy has been demanding from
France concessions concerning Tuni-
sia, the Suez Canal and Djibouti
French Somaliland port.
Difficulties Immense.
On the other hand. foreign OBJ.
servers considered that immense diff.
fculties lay in the way of any i'm.
mediate settlement which would pre-.
vent Britain and France from going
to war against Germany.
The chief difficulty, they believed
would be in halting the forward
push of the German war machine
Some hope seemed to lie in report.
that the fighting still was confined
to the frontier, that the main bodies
of troops apparently have not yet
met in combat and that Germany
may have encountered obstacles tt
plans for a quick campaign.
Fascist newspapers indicated tht
belief that the war might ene
quickly if Germany could occupy
Danzig and the Corridor. On tn.
other hand. the expiration of the
British-French ultimatum was be.
lieved near at hand. Both govern
ments have demanded Withdrawal
of German troops from Poland
Comment was lacking in Rome or
a French report that Paris and Lon.
don had replied favorably to Mus.
solini's proposal. Italians noted
Evening star., 1939-09-03
U. S. Safe From Attack,
Senator Andrews Says
3y the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
ESTES PARK, Colo, Sept. a.
Senator Andrews, Democrat, of
Florida doesn't believe any country
will invade America.
Senator Andrews, member of the
Naval Affairs Committee, said last
night in an interview the United
States had undertaken a billion
dollar program on the sea and in
the air"
This country can defend itself
We have loaded gun behind the
door and will continue to perfect it.
Any European or Asiatic country
will find there is no entrance into
the Western Hemisphere
Evening star., 1939-09-03
Anti-Aircruft Unit
Sails for Canal Zone

BY The ASSOClated Press.
. SAN PEDRO. Calf, Sept. 1.-Two
hundred twenty-five enlisted men
and eight officers of the 63d Coast
Artillery (anti-aircraft under COM
mand of Maj. Harold P. Detwiler
left Fort Macarthur today and
sailed aboard the Army transport
Hunter Liggett for the Canal Zone.
They are part of additional troops
detailed from various posts to guard
the Canal,
Evening star., 1939-09-03
New Schedules Speed
Liners Evacuatinq
Americans
a Incoming U. S.
Ships Face Quick
1ufnuround
Ay the Associated Press.

~ the Associated Press
NEW YORK, Sept 2-Thousands
Of American war refugees streamed
home on a dozen ships tonight as
American shipping adopted new
emergency schedules to evacuate
those remaining in Europe.
The United States Lines an
nounced it's next four incoming
ships-the President Roosevelt, the
Manhattan, the Washington ano
the President Harding-would sail
back to Europe as soon as possible.
Along with half a dozen other
liners, the Washington left New
York today for Europe carrying 750
emergency cots for the return trip,
and 375 passengers, 48 of them
American citizens.
The newly camouhaged British
Franconia, with bomb protective
layer of sandbags on her engine
matches and her bridge roof. sailed
for Boston and Europe with 1875
passengers.
The American steamer Exeter, the
Norwegian Stavangerfjord, the Amer
lean Scanpenn and the Dutch Zaan-
dam and Pennland also sailed.
Flags Prominently Displayed.
-Four American flags, by feet,
were painted on the Scanpenn's S
sides. and two cloth flags were
draped on her decks. She carried
% passengers and $50 emergency
cots.
The British Carinthias sailing
was postponed to tomorrow as she
took on a coating of dull battleship
gray. At Quebec. the Europe bound
Cunarder Ausonia paused while a
crew painted on similar camouhage.
-Four empty German ships were
at sea hurrying home-the Bremen,
which sailed from New York We'd
- nesday; the Columbus, which left
Havana early today after abruptly
dropping off $50 cruise passengers.
and the ST. Louis and New York,
Queen Mary Due Monday.
The British liner Queen Mary is
due Monday from Southampton
with 1882 passengers, $50 over nor
NAL, along with the British Samaria,
with 800 passengers, from Liverpool,
and the American Banker, with 103
from London.
Due Tuesday with hundreds more
war-feeing Americans are the
President Roosevelt with 583 pas
sengers from Havre; the French
Champlain from Havre; the Dutch
Veendam from Rotterdam the
American Scanstates from Copen-
hagen, and the Polish Batory, with
642 passengers from Gdynia.
Due Wednesday are the Manhat-
tan. with ISIS passengers, from
Havre, and the American Importer
from Liverpool.
1889 Coming on Kungsholm.
The Swedish liner Kugsholm
sailed from Gothenburg tonight
with 1859 passengers, 945 of them
Americans, the Swedish American
Line reported She is due here Sep
tember H.
The United States Lines an
nOuICeQ Ine HIeSlueHI IooStVtlI
would sail back Tuesday noon for
Queenstown, Southampton and
Havre: the Manhattan Saturday for
Queenstown, Plymouth and Havre;
the Washington, due back here the
18th, returning the Goth for Queens
r town, Plymouth and Havre, and the
President Harding, due the 18th, re-
turning the 23d for Queenstown,
Southampton and Havre-all re-
turning from Europe as soon as pos
@ sible
In port here. stalled indefinitely
wsre the French Normandie, the
British Georgia, and the Italian
Roma, the only sizeable Italian ship
. in the Western Hemisphere.
Evening star., 1939-09-03
Leqionnuires Avoid
Neutrality Stand

BY the Associated Press.
TUCSON, Ariz., Sept. 2.-Ameri-
can Legionnaires, in their annual
Arizona department convention, to-
day shouted down all attempts to
place them on record as favoring
neutrality in the present world
crisis. The whole matter finally
was shelved by voice vote.
Evening star., 1939-09-03
U. S. Puts S5,ooo,ooo
In Observation Planes
BY the Associated Press.


Pressing ahead with its expanded
defense program, the War Depart
ment announced yesterday tentative
award of a s5,oOo,ooO contract fol
observation planes to the Curtiss
Aeronautical Division of the Curtiss-
Wright Corp of Buffalo. N. Y.
Following its usual custom, the
department did not announce how
many planes would be acquired. 1t
said, however, that the ships would
be high-wing, all-metal monoplanes
of the latest design.
They will be powered with Pratt
Whitney radial engines and will
have retractable landing gears, wing
flaps and individually operated
wheel brakes.
Egypt may establish a jute in
dustry, tests in growing jute being
successful
Evening star., 1939-09-03
CosmopoIituns' Field Day

The Cosmopolitan Club will hold a
field day at the Washington Golf
and Country Club Thursday, Sep
tember a.. The Henry Slicer Owens
Trophy will be in competition in a
golf tourney under the direction OF
Fred Berman, and a dinner and en-
Evening star., 1939-09-03
BerIiners Warned
To Rely on Street Cars
For OUTINGS Today
BY the Associated Press

BY the Associated Press.
BERLIN, Sept. 2.-"Don't get
off the street car line" was, in
effect, the admonition given by
military authorities today to
Berliners who will seek out
door recreation tomorrow.
There is no gasoline for auto
mobile joyriders, the population
was told, so they were instruct
ed to travel only by electric and
steam lines and to 60 no farther
than the suburbs.
Evening star., 1939-09-03
Post to Celebrate

The Vincent B. Costello Post, No.
Is, American Legion, will hold its
20tn birthday celebration and in
stallation of officers at 8 pm. Tues
day at the Carlton Hotel, Martin
Goerl, commander, announced yes
terday.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1939-09-13
BUILDING REPORTS
SHOW GOOD GAINS
Especial to The citizen,

ATLANTA, Sept. 13.-The
money spent for residential
building in the Southeast SO far
this year has reached the level
which was recorded during the
later part of November in 1898,
according to Ralph M. Hairston,
the Southeast manager of Dodge
Reports.
The contracts awarded during
each of the eight months estab-
lished substantial margins over
the same months of last year.
Significantly, great activity is
taking place in the one-family
field.
The Dodge Reports summary
reveals a current residential con-
tract total of $85,999,000. That
includes a margin of more than
$50, 100000 over the eight
months total of last year, $685.
489, 900.
In a grouping of all types of
building and heavy engineering
construction Dodge Reports find
that the Southeast is nearing the
$22O,000,000 mark. The eight
months level was $219, 058, 900.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1939-09-13
JUDGE ISSUES
MANY LICENSES

There have been $40 licenses
for drivers of automobiles issued
from the office of County Judge
Raymond r. Lord since the sale
of these licenses was started on
September S, just eight days
ago.
There have been 1900 automo-
bile tags issued in Monroe
county and it is expected that
fully one-half of the owners of
these cars or other vehicles will
find it necessary to secure more
than one drivers license, it is
said.
Revenue from the sale of the
drivers licenses, which has ac-
crued to the office of the county
judge, totals $3.50, as for each
license sold the judges office gets
five cents.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1939-09-13
MANY ADDITIONS
seen AT AQUARIUM.
=
LARGE TURTLES. ocToPI AND
VARIOUS TYPE FISH
ARE ADDED

Visitors at the Tropical Aqua
rum in Key West this morning
had the opportunity of seeing a
number of large turtles which
were recently placed in the
larger outside tanks. Three of
the turtles are of the green
variety and the others are logger
heads.
There are in the smaller tanks
inside the building other newer
additions to the interesting ma
rine family, including three ,oc-
topi one of which is larger than
is usual in this type of cephalo-
pods recently seen in the aqua
rum. 1t is of dark green color
and about three feet across from
tips of the tentacles.
There are also a number of
angelfish including several of
the French variety with their
beautiful coloring and the scales
glittering like dots of gold along
the sides.
Keeper of the aquarium Joseph
Romero is building up wonder
full collection of specimens for
the coming tourist season and at
present has the most attractive
and interesting variety of speci-
mems which have ever been &C
cumulated in the tanks.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1939-09-13

NEW YORK, Sept. 13.-The
New York home offices of the
major motion picture companies
are afraid that before Christmas
half of their Stats will be let
out. The declaration of war was
a wet sponge across their order
sheets, and Canada going on a
war footing, following Britain
and France, a terrific foreign
sale is eliminated.
Already most of the big budget
pictures have been cancelled.
From this day on the top pictures
produced by Hollywood will not
go more than a third or half their
former costs. 1t was from the for
eign fields that most of Holly
woods net profits were derived.
The American audiences served
merely to cancel the production
costs.
In the light of this, Gone With
The Wind" is apt to have tragic
consequences for the people who
sank three million dollars into
its production. Even if Britain
and other waring nations do use
the picture. no money will be
permitted to leave those coun-
tries. That is the grim actuality
being faced by those who gamble
fortunes by sinking fortunes in
the cinema.
In the New York offices on
Broadway most of the employees
are a jittery lot They read their
mail with their hats and coats
on. If a memo from upstairs"
comes down. if a call comes
through from Hollywood, they
hold their breaths. Each slam of
the door may mean a one-way
ticket into unemployment.
II NAV surprise you. as it did
me, to learn the significance of
the foreign field. / always
thought that America paid the