davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1939-12-31

''purged"-as yet the general was re-
lieved of his command, replaced by Gen.
Grigory M. Stern, youthful hero and
wearer of the Order of the Red Banner,
second highest Soviet decoration,
awarded for his nominal defeat of Japan
at Changkufeng last year. Not yet 40,
Gen. Stern was educated in Red military
schools, bears no taint as do many higher
ranking Soviet officers. of czarist training.
reports of dissatisfaction, hunger and re-
volt in the Red Army,
kuss'on of peasant soldiers
r.,.o,.h;n driven into battle be-
fore the machine guns
of Ogpu officers. The Official Finnish
news agency told in dispatch from Hell
sinki of internecine fighting among Red
troops in the Salla sector. Such reports
were denied by Moscow. But they grew
steadily louder in the Scandinavian press.
Highly significant was the re-establish-
ment of censorship at Moscow on all out
going dispatches.
Other reports-unof1icial but persistent
were that the Red war lords, fearing
that Russia inglorious adventure in Fin
land would wreck its military prestige
among the powers, were planning to
throw 800 900 more men, vast quantities
of artillery and materiel into the fray,
seek quick and overwhelming victory.
On the Franco German front the two
greatest arrays of fighting men and ma
teriel ever assembled stood stolidly in
their concrete dugouts, or sought recre-
alton in billets behind the lines. Theirs
not to reason why" they waited patiently
until weather conditions and advantages
of preparation should result in word for
one side or the other to attack, or until
the maneuverings of statesmen should
bring peace Official communiques de-
scribed only desultory action by patrols.
Christmas Day Adolf Hitler, focal point
of the worlds latest upheaval, crossed
the German frontier into France for the
first time since the Great War of 1914-18,
inspected French concrete trenches now
in German hands, listened to the church
bells toll in the steeples of nearby Spi-
cheren village then returned to the Ger
man lines.
"He would have made an easy target
for French guns" Berlin spokesman
told American newsmen.
First contingent from down under" to
aid Mother England-an Australian air
squadron -disembarked at British port
during the week. Singing the American
music hall tune, 1.-The Beer barrel Polka" :"
they marched off to station with British
coastal command. The first Canadian
division arrived for active service several
days earlier.
Evening star., 1939-12-31
War in Air

While Russian land forces either made
little progress or actually were pushed
back by the sturdy Firms, southern towns
OF the little republic were targets Of
week-long bombing raids by the Red
air force. Practical military results were
lacking.
Iron hail from the Red raiders poured
again and again on Helsinki, Finland s
capital; Viipuri, southern industrial city;
Tempere and other nearby towns within
an hours flying time of Russian terri
tory.
Brunt Of the raids apparently was
borne by Viipuri, where, day after
Christmas, proletarian
Air Roids flyers of the Workers
On Viipuri Fatherland" devoted
four hours to dropping
bombs on the workers quarter of their
Finnish comrades. Oddly, reports said
little damage resulted. Only casualties
listed were two women and girl. A
dozen houses were destroyed. Thirty
airplanes-one shot down-dropped some
200 bombs.
Christmas Day the church bells Of
Helsinh were drowned out by air raid
signals several times as street crowds
scurried for shelter. Bombs, however, fell
only in the suburbs.
Finnish planes repeatedly made sew
eral minor raids on Russian military OBJ
jectives. Despite predictions, Firms have
not yet retaliated for bombing of Hell
sinki by air attacks on crowded Lenin-
grad population 3,500000 within easy
striking distance of Finnish air bases.
Save for frequent "dog fights" between
Evening star., 1939-12-31
Review Of 18th Week of War

Christmas dngs earth will toward men, sounded
hollow mockery last with battles raging Europe
Washington capitals of the
military the restoration
and sanity among
Little the allies
drive when winter Breaks
moment battles
while hung the Magino
Finland the OF the world continued its
presentation of the role of David Soviet Goliath.
Evening star., 1939-12-31
Domestic Front

President Roosevelt sought last week
to unite the spiritual forces of the world
behind movement for just peace. Ad-
he sought rather to encourage a closer
association among the seekers of peace
everywhere"
The Presidents move took the form
of three letters, designed to enlist the
cooperation of Cath
Mvron Toylor olics, Protestants and
To Voticon Jews. One of them, to
Pope Plus XII, spirit
ual leader of millions of Catholics here
and in Europe, expressed the Presidents
desire to send his personal representa-
tive (Myron c. Taylor) to maintain con-
tact with the Vatican. To DR.. George
A. Buttrick, president of the Federal
Council of Churches of Christ in America.
and to Rabbi Cyrus Adler, president Of
the Jewish Theological Seminary Of
America, he wrote that it would give
him great satisfaction" to have them
visit him from time to time to CO.
ordinate efforts for peace.
I'm their hearts" the President wrote,
men decline to accept, for long, the
law of destruction forced upon them by
wielders of brute force.
II believe that while statesmen are
considering a new order of things, the
new order may be well at hand. believe
that it is even now being built, silently
but inevitably in the hearts of the
masses whose voices are not heard, but
whose common faith will write the final
history of our time"
Mr.. Taylor is expected to leave for
Rome within a few weeks. He will have
the rank of an ambassador However.
the White House explained that his
mission in no way constitutes a renewal
of diplomatic relations between WASH
ington and the holy see, abandoned in
1867.
Sequel to greatest naval battle Of the
war, fought earlier this month of Uru-
quay between the German battleship
Graf Spec and three British warships,
was pointed warning last week to Eu-
ropes warning nations to keep their
fighting away from American shores.
Signed by President Augusta S. Boyd
of Panama, host to the recent Pan
American Conference which drew up
declarations of neutral zone around the
Western Hemisphere, the declaration Of
81 American republics, including United
States, warned Great Britain, France,
Germany that the American nations in
tended to back their naval neutrality
zone by adequate rules" to penalize
further violations.
Warships of violators will not be al
lowed to put into American ports to buy
supplies or repair damages to them
selves, no matter how serious
In world where air strength is play
ing an increasing role in national de-
fense, United States last week bulwarked
its own by adding So new squadrons to
the United States Army Air Corps, in.
creasing aerial fighting units so per cent.
Many will be assigned to outlying mil
tary bases.
Finnish Relief Committee. headed by
Herbert Hoover, last week cabled third
100000 to relieve destitution among
civilians in war-torn Finland. Mean
while, Finnish military delegation
headed by 1t. Gen. Vilho B. Nenonen,
conferred with War Department officials.
sought to buy warplanes, trench NOR
tors, anti-tank guns. marine motors for
mosquito fleet" in United States.
Secretary of the Navy Edison and his
admirals pondered suggestions by mem
bers of Congress for construction Of
No
Evening star., 1939-12-31

POPE Plus XII.
He made plea for peace and
1Delcomed appointment of Myron
c. Taylor as President R00SeDelts
personal representative at Vati-
can. "A. P, Photo.
of oil and hence aviation gasoline, soon
may prompt Air Marshal Hermann
Goering to release his threatened
aerial "bntzkrieg" against France and
England.
Evening star., 1939-12-31

SensiU Uedther conditions
from point of
advantage ofensUe
This the factors the generals must keep mind
Fnand weaher lcelandc lo but by the
Souhad moDing north east
tho ,pnfo
Evening star., 1939-12-31

Fnands terrain broken studded often
arsy When the Russians the ground and the ase ICE ere
Aat @ ad not roed far snGagh no1h to spzeSd oger Finland
Lkise the usual January thq stu sir Deeks tine
blzkeged the Ueather their Map P.
Evening star., 1939-12-31

modern knights of the air over the
western front, aerial activity there was
nil during the week. Meanwhile, it was
believed Berln's new trade agreement
with Rumania, insuring steadier supply
Evening star., 1939-12-31

CHARLES EDISON.
The Many Secretary Weighed
proposals for 65,OOO-ton BATTLE
ships. Harris E,Ding Photo.
IA as it lay in strongly fortified Scapa
Flow. Germany's hero wears the Grand
Cross of the Iron Cross. the Reich's high
est military decoration, personally pinned
on him by Reichsfuehrer Hitler.
Evening star., 1939-12-31

Guenther Prien, 31-year r-old submarine
commander, laying claim to one-third
the British naval tonnage sunk since
wars outbreak. Most notable feat: Tor
pedoing of battleship Royal Oak October
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1939-04-08

Texas. the pony express and overland
stage travel that w. w. Chiefly was
born and reared.
His father, a merchant, lived for a
time In Denver and then at various
mining camps in the territory. Living
In one of those places in central Col
orado when but a lad. young Cheely
saw the miners in the camp escort to
the outskirts of the village a man who
had come by their Ill will In some
manner, and tell him to run. He ran.
And as he ran 100 guns unleashed
their leaden messengers. The victim
was practically shot to pieces.
Worked on Farm
AS a youngster Chiefly worked on
the farm of his uncle, @. G.. Winbourne,
near Greeley and at Greeley he learned
the printing trade, working afterwards
as a printer In Aspen and Leadville,
Colo He came to Montana In 1890 and
worked as a printer on the Anaconda
Standard. Later in Butte he worked
as a combination printer and reporter
on the old Butte Miner, owned by the
late w. A. Clark, mining multimillion
ARE.
From Butte Bill went to Dillon In
1894, where he bought half interest
in the Dillon Tribune, a weekly publ
cation. After two years there he sold
his interest and with the $500 which
the sale brought him, went to Virginia
City, where he bought the Madisonian,
another weekly newspaper. While liv-
ing In Virginia City he became a close
friend of Henry Filing, banker Of that
place and for many years one Of Mon
tanas leading financiers.
While living In Dillon as part owner
of the Dillon Tribune, Cheely and JOS
eph Boyd Poindexter, the present gov
ernor OF Hawaii, who was young man
there at the time, became fast friends,
a relation that continued.
Ia 1895 Cheely disposed OF the
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1939-04-08

and used to go up to the battle-ground
and shoot the trees full of slugs. Then
they would take tourists up there, dig
out the SlugS and receive money Tor
the mementoes.
At one time, Wilkinson acted as
custodian at the battle-ground. In his
later years he was much in demand
as a source of information for Mon
tana historians. His vivid recollection
of events, coupled with his remarkable
memory for dates, made him especial
" valuable. Garcia Is another valu-
able source of information for his
torians
Garcia attracted considerable atten--
ton at the pioneers convention held
last year in Helena. With his long
hair reaching his shoulders and his old
time western garb, complete with SOM
brero, he presents picturesque ap-
pearance. At present he is working on
his memoirs. He Is also prolific writer
of poetry. He remains among the last
survivors of Montana'S genuine pho
neers, a connecting link between the
states frontier days and today.
Wilkinson was born in Illinois and
came to western Montana at the age
of is. He was youth OF Is years when
he marched with General Gibbons
forces to the Big Hole battle-ground
Since 1875, he had been resident Of
Missoula and its surrounding territory
Most Of his life was spent in the
hills.
He frequently ascribed his long life
and the robust health that he enjoyed
TO the arduopS life he had led.
MIR. Wilkinson was the youngest OF q
family of IA children. ALI of them are
gone except two brothers, Aquina OF
Hamilton and Fayette of Missoula.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1939-04-08

referring to General Nils promise TO
return the Indians to their former
homes. I have heard that ne mas been
censored for making the promise 70
return us to Lapwai. He could not nave
made any other terms with me at tnaC
time. I would have held him In cneck
until nv friends came to my assist
snce. and then neither of the generals
nor their soldiers would have ever LETT
Rear's paw mountains alive"
Garcia disputes the story that Sitting
RuIl would have come down from Can
ada to help in the battle He also dis
putes the legend that Sitting buil a 4Il1
his 1000 warriors were actually IN tne
battle. Garcia claims that he got IL
straight from the Canadians tnat BIT
ting Bull moved two camps pacK 10
keep from being in the fight.
Wilkinson, in recalling different cpl
sodes of the battle, says that from 20
to SO of the volunteers used needle
guns. a very few had Sharp's buffalo
guns. He also told of shooting at an
indian behind a log. The Indian kept
creeping UP on the soldiers by roll
ing the log in front Of him. Another
Indian was singing his death chant,
indicating his refusal to retreat and
his determination to fight until death.
While walking over the battlefield,
wilkinson pointed out the spots where
various volunteers and soldiers were
entrenched. He showed a remarkable
memory and recalled his companions
by name. He also was able to describe
the manner in which many Of them
had been killed. George Wade, one OF
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1939-04-08
By PETE sNELsoN

Montana lost one of its most
colorful newspaper men, as well as
one of the oldest in point of serv-
ice, when death took William Win
bourne Chiefly, president of the
Montana Newspaper association,
recently, at Hollywood, Calf,
where he had gone with his wife
for a short winter vacation. He fell
victim to pneumonia. Chiefly, uni
versally known to his myriad of
friends as "Bill," not only enjoyed
a wide acquaintance over the state by
reason of nearly so years of residence,
but was highly esteemed by all who
knew him and particularly by his fell
low editors and other members of the
newspaper craft.
He was a familiar figure at the an
nual conventions of the Montana State
Press association, which he had at one
time served as president. Enjoying
high distinction among and generally
beloved by his fellow scribes by reason
of his winning personality, he also held
their admiration for the executive
ability which had enabled him to train
a staff of writers and editors in the
field which held for him the greatest
interest, the history of the old west, as
well as a business organization for its
successful administration. AS q result
he was successful in developing an or
ganization which carried forward the
service of the Montana Newspaper as
ISOLATION regardless of his own where
abouts, thereby enabling him to travel
widely.
Chiefly himself knew personally many
Of the early day figures about whom
staff members of the Montana News
paper association write. Some Of them
he knew half q century ago In Mon
tana. Some he knew as a boy in Col
orado and some during the hustling,
bustling days of the Nevada gold rush
in the early years Of the present
century.
Highly Capable Writer
A highly capable descriptive writer
himself, and with a fund of historical
knowledge as a background, he found
1t comparatively easy matter to round
out staff which could supply an al
most endless amount of the feature
material in which the Montana News
paper association service specializes.
Bill Chiefly was born in Denver, Colo,
Feb. 20, 1868. An uncle, G. G. Win
bourne, after whom Bill was named
had emigrated from Virginia to Col
orado in 1856 and was largely inter
ested in early day mining and ranching
in that territory At the close Of the
Civil war the Cheelys and the Win
bournes, still in Virginia, were "unre-
constructed" to the extent that they
did not wish to remain there after the
surrender Of the Confederate forces,
and looked about for a place to emil
CRATE with their families.
One Of them went to Cuba and
others were planning on joining a
movement which eventually took a
large number OF Americans 70 settle
IN Brazil. Just at that time @. O. Win
bourne induced them to move to Col
orado and II was there amid the scenes
o. early day mining excitement, In
dian campaigns. cattle trailing from
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1939-04-08
Ace Assistance Cut
Less Than Expected

Public welfare old age assist
ance grants and aid to needy de-
pendent children will be reduced
20 percent for April and May In
stead of approximately One-thiru,
as originally planned, /. M. Brand
lord, Montana public welfare ad-
ministratOr, has announced.
Because of decreased appr0prla-
tiOns the state public welfare board
on March 10 ordered a 80 1-3 per-
cent reduction in old age assistance
payments and a 30 percent reduc-
ton in payments for needy depend
ent children for April, May and
june.
Through the efforts of Cover
nor Ayers" Administrator Brand
lord said, s'the social security board
at Washington, ID. C.. decided to
provide federal funds TO match
state and county funds for the pay
ment Of aid TO needy dependent
children for April and May, on the
basis of q reduction of only 20 per-
cent from the March payments In
both cases"
Average old age assistance pay
ments have been S20.55 per month.
The first order of the board would
have trimmed that figure TO $13.7o.
The payments now scheduled fer
April and May average $16.44.
Payments for dependent children
averaged SI2.22 a month, and
would have been cut to $8.55. For
the next two months they are
scheduled to be S9.78.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1939-04-08

this was while the balls we're whistling
through the willows nearby
G. o. Shields, in an article stated:
Several instances are related by sur
vivors of the fight, in which the She
devils met soldiers or scouts face TO
face, and, thrusting their rifles almost
into the faces of the white men, fired
point blank at them. Several of our men
are known to have been killed by the
souaws. and several of the latter were
shot down in retaliation by the en-
ragged soldiers or citizens"
Chief JOseph's Story
In Chief Josephs own story, he says:
I'm the fight with General Gibbon we
lost so women and children and 30
fighting men. We remained long
enough to bury our dead. The Nez
Perces never make war on women and
children; we could have killed great
many women and children while the
war lasted, but we would feel ashamed
to do so cowardly an act"
Wilkinson was well versed in the
different sides of the question and al
ways declared that in fairness, one
should consider both the Indians side
as we'll as the white mans. He believed,
however that because of sentimental
ism, the merits of the soldiers case is
overlooked because Of sympathy for the
Indian as an underdog who has suf-
fered many injuStices. Garcia likewise
pointed out that the Indians had a
strong case and declared that there
were many good Indians even though
from the outside you can't tell good
Indian from a bad one"
Another statement in Chief Joseph's
own story was disputed Chief Joseph
declared, IT believed General Miles, or
never would have surrendered (ae is
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1939-04-08

the volunteers, yelled, "Thereu be an
other Custer massacre" His brother
in-law, Davis, quieted him, according
to Wilkinson, by threats. Paige, another
volunteer, killed an Indian and was
killed himself at the same time. r. @.
Sheriff. felt the hum of bullet through
his curly hair.
In referring to the wounding Of Gen.
eral Gibbon by the Indians, Wilkinson
declared that a thousand shots must
have been fired at the general as he
sat against a tree after he had been
wounded, but none hit him. The shoot
ing was so heavy near the Indian camp,
Wilkinson declared, that the willows
were moved off.
Wilkinson's memory was unusually
keen up to the time of his death. The
writer recalls one incident which IL
illustrates the old pioneers quickneSS Of
mind While On the battlefield, the
writer pointed out a number of small
trees with bullet holes in them that
had struck him as being rather
small, considering the number of years
since the battle had taken place. VIII
kinson declared those trees hadn't
"even been. born" at the time of the
battle. He couldn't understand it or
account for the bullet holes, but stout
ly declared that any belief that the
holes had been made by bullets during
the battle was absurd.
sPIant" for Tourists
Later, the writer was told by a couple
of Big Hole basin cowboys that prior
TO the World war they had owned a
Sharp's buffalo gun and ammunition,
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1939-04-08
Montana Loses Widely Beloved Editor
In Death of William w. "Bilp' Chiefly

Madisonian and went to Butte to work
as reporter on the old Butte Inter
Mountain, now the Butte Daily Post,
which was owned at that time by the
late Lee Mantle, one time United
States senator from Montana.
Becomes Bureau Manager
In 1899, however, he resigned as an
employe of the Inter Mountain and
became manager Of the Butte bureau
of the Montana Daily Record, morn
ing paper which had just been started
at Helena. He remained In that ca
pacity for three years. Fellow members
of the staff of the Montana Daily
Record at that time were John G.
Derks, present sports editor Of the Salt
Lake Tribune; Frank Moore and Al
bert Hawkins, both of whom were later
connected with the old New York Com
mercial for many years, Moore as man
aging editor and Hawkins as news
editor. Leon Shaw, for many years
general manager OF the Billings
Gazette, was a telegraph operator In
the office of the Record at that time,
and Harry Yaeger, now and from its
inception, vice president Of the Federal
Reserve bank at Minneapolis, was bust
ness manager.
For a time he and william Murphy
operated the Murphy Chiefly printing
company at Butte.
Early in 1902 Cheely was recalled to
the Butte Inter Mountain as city
editor and in April of the same year
was promoted to business manager
He became prominent not only In news
paper circles of the state but during
the next few years aHnasSed consider
able fortune In mining operations. His
holdings were wiped out in the stock
market almost overnight along about
1908 and he left Butte to engage In
the motion picture business In Min
neapolis. After a year or two there
attended only by Indifferent success he
went TO the Nevada gold fields for q
time and then to Denver, the city Of
his birth, and engaged in the real es-
tate business.
Turns Big Deals
He operated there so successfully
that In one year he cleared In the
neighborhood Of $4,000. With the new
stake he left Denver for the Porcupine
mining country Of eastern Canada.
When he arrived In Toronto he was
greeted by news Of the big forest fires
which swept the Porcupine region that
year, destroying mining properties and
entailing huge loss Of lives.
Instead of continuing to the Porcu-
pine country east Of HudsonsS bay
Chiefly turned west and by 1912 had
become managing editor Of the Cal
gary Albertan, daily morning news
paper. In 1915 he returned TO Montana
and became associated with the late
w. w. Wadsworth and H P. Raban In
the Montana Newspaper association at
Great Falls. In 1922 he acquired Wads-
worth's and Raban's interests In the
concern.
Cheely Is survived by his widow, MRS.
Nell I. Cheely, to whom he was mar
ried while living In Calgary; by q
sister, MRS. Clarence Pink OF Denver,
and q brother. Bert Cheely OF Hous-
ton, Tex Additional survivors include
an uncle, James r. Cheely of Los An
geles and two nieceH, Mrs. Leah Smith
and hAra. Barry Hannawait. also OF
Los Angeles.