davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1938-01-02
1888 Revival
Continued From First Page)

costs and. although other causes con-
tributed, the chief explanation seems
revealed in the course of prices, costs
and inventories between the fall of
1886 and the spring of 1887.
Both here and abroad prices of raw
materials started jumping upward in
October, 1886. The fear of imitation
mounted Copper, for example, went
from 1912 cents pound to a peak
of II cents between December and
March. In all commodity prices the
effect of armament buying abroad.
war fears and the expectation of a
soaring domestic recovery movement
was apparent in the general buying for
inventory and for speculation World
surpluses were at lowest levels for
years. There seemed no reason to
expect lower prices and the movement
spiraled upward.
To take care of increased material
costs, prices of manufactured goods
were inched upward. In the expecta-
ton OF still further increases. advance
buying by wholesalers, jobbers re.
tailers and even consumers, became
general. The widespread labor unrest
also generated fears, that deliveries
might be halted and inventories were
built up as a safeguard.
Then in April. both the British and
American governments took official or
semi-off1cial cognizance of the price
trend situation, and the voice of gov
ernment In business affairs is much
stronger than 1t used to be. Specula-
tive activity ceased. Hastily-reared
price structures began to crumble,
And the crumbling between April and
the end of the year brought the gen.
eral price level back to the almost
identical mark from when it had
started the year before.
Buyers Check Purchases.
Naturally, as prices dropped. the in
centlve to buy faded. War scares had
subsided again. Inventories were ex-
tremely high in many lines, and the
hope OF substantial inventory profits
was gone. AS matter of course, pro-
duction dropped swiftly as business
ceased making new purchases and
hastened to reduce inventories. The
drop was accelerated during the fall
partly due to the unprecedented
sharpness Of the stock market break.
partly due to the fact that the pre-
dicted summer slump in production
had accomplished no part of the need
ed adjustment.
In some quarters the fear has been
expressed that the rigidity of present
relatively high wage levels will pre-
vent an early resumption of the re-
covery movement. In a recession of
this type the exact contrary may prove
true. If purchasing power can be
maintained, over stocks will be more
quickly liquidated, and new buying
movement begun. The high money
rates, the speculation in stocks and
productive facilities and the other
Embellishments which remained after
the 1929 debacle do not have to be
dealt with now. The farmer buying
power and the buying power still in
the command OF wage and salary
earners. should before midspring be
sufficient to achieve the most essential
adjustments.
Not until late in 1888, probably, will
business volume swell to the point
where optimism will have again be-
come the popular fashion, but the
trend of the lass half year should
be far more encouraging than it was
in the panicky fall of 1887, when
memories of 1929 brought vivid right
mares.
Evening star., 1938-01-02
GIRDLER SAYS UPTURN
IS UP TO GOVERNMENT
n Cambridres Assoeiates

By Csmbridges Associates.
Following q decline in steel opera
tions unprecedented in It's swiftness,
the closing weeks of 1887 brought some
evidence that bottom had been
reached. The prospects are for at
least a moderate improvement in gen.
eral trade and industry over the early
months Of the new year, declares r.
M. Girdler, chairman of the Republic
Steel Corp.
whether or not the recovery is
to be impressive depends q great deal
upon factors out of the control of
business itself. It depends upon the
extent to which governmental policies
and restrictive legislation injurious
! 70 industry are removed or modified. I"
Evening star., 1938-01-02
London
Continued From First PaEe.)

BY rising commodity prices was un-
bearable, and was draining the coun-
try Of gold at rapid rate. The strug-
gle Of this nation to meet tremendous
obstacles has been heroic. Faced with
the loss of the lucrative silk trade
when the United States grew too poor
to clothe its working class women in
this fabric, Japan developed its rayon
industry. its cotton textile mills. and
many lines Of fabrication at which its
nationals excel. In spite of trade bar
riers thrown up against her. she recov-
cred from low of 91.6 in 1881 to 1892
in 1888, 14lS In 1885, and approxi-
mately 1853 in 1887.
Still the small spread between the
cost OF raw materials and the amount
realizable for finished products in for
eign markets, after deduction of tar
IFS. failed to provide enough exchange
to allow the importation of necessary
commodities for home consumption. It
is hardly surprising that international
morality should be discarded by this
country in which economic pressure
continued to increase. 1t is not pos
sible to carry program Of rationing
beyond a certain point.
Tonnage Exchange High.
Viewed as whole, the movement OF
goods in international trade ap-
preached within striking distance oi
the 1929 level in 1897, in point of ton
mage. As measured in gold, it wa.
much less. As to the outlook, it can.
not be said to be overly encouraging
with hostilities in two areas and feel.
ing running high in others. And with
the possibility Of more devaluatior
again raised, the trustfulness of th'
peacefully inclined nations is beint
further undermined. It is apparen
that . new era in international rela
tions has not yet opened. or will i
until long after the conclusion Of tn
present armed conflicts has com
about. But 1t is still possible for SOM
nations to enjoy measure of prosper
ity without full and free flow of good
between nations. The British opti
ulism, therefore, will be carefull
watched for the next few months.
Evening star., 1938-01-02
BUILDING SUPPLY
|NDUSTRYSLUMPS
Peaks Since 1880 Reached
In First Half, but Severe
Decline Follows.
By CAMBRIDGE Associates.

0y CNmpfldRe Associates.
Notoriously "prince-and-pauper'
industry. the building equipment field
played bo h roles in quick succession
during the year just passed.
During the early part of the year,
when construction awards ran as
high as 36 per cent over 1885 and
prices were rising, activity and earn
ings Of building equipment COM
panies kept pace and made the best
record Of any year since 1880.
The general index Of building ma
terial costs after more than a year
Of steady advances scared above the
1880 levels and contributed in no small
part to the suddeness of the later ces-
sation OF construction activity. Rising
labor costs. also, of course, contrib
uted to the increased cost of home
building. although hourly wages did
not reach the 1880 range, which was
surpassed by the cost of materials.
Wage rates. however. remained up
after material prices started slowly to
give way in May.
Whole-year earnings reported by
the industry will be good. in spite of
the sharp slump in profits during the
last quarter. Looking ahead, the in
dustry is expecting some benefit from
governmental efforts to aid building
and q revival of Federal promotion
OF home undermining is a possibility.
The continuance of easy and plentiful
money for home building and for
commercial construction will be a
factor in keeping building from sink
Ing too far next year, while genuine
expansion program by the utilities will
be widely and directly felt.
Not until further cost adjustments
have been made and pay rolls are
again on the increase can the build
ing equipment industry expect again
to enjoy its prince" status of 1887
spring.
Evening star., 1938-01-02
TALKS ON BIOLOGY

Pictures and talks on biological
subjects will feature the eighty-seventh
meeting of the Biological Society of
Washington at 8 pm. Saturday in the
Cosmos Club
Alton A. Lindsey Of American Uni
versity, formerly with the Byrd expe-
dition to Antarctica, will discuss the
biology Of Little America, and Charles
w. Gilmore of the Smithsonian Insti-
tuition will talk on dinosaurs. Both
lectures will be illustrated.
The regular council meeting OF the
society will be held at 7:30 pm.
Evening star., 1938-01-02
MEMS CLOTHING
SALESMAN.

One of Washington's bet
ter stores has a permanent
position open for a man of
high integrity and ability.
State age and experience.
All replies will be held con-
fidential. Box 100-C, Star.
WE HAVE AN OPENING IN
OUR ELECTRICAL APPLI-
ANCE DEPARTMENT FOR
2 statesmen. SUBSTAN-
TIAL EARNINGS TO THOSE
WHO QUALIFY. APPLY
EMPLOYMENT OFFICE, 4th
FL, LANSBURGH'S DE-
PARTMENT STORE.
Evening star., 1938-01-02
statesmen.

SALESMEN.
Somewhere in Washington
is a man who is honestly and
conscientiously looking about
for an opportunity to associ-
ate himself with a company
and product to which he
can feel justified in devoting
his greatest efforts.
I WANT TO TALK TO THIS
MAN.
Our industry today stands
on the threshold of tremen-
dous expansion and any man
who really wants to establish
himself can do so. Corpora
tions totaling millions of dol
lars of assets have recently
entered this very lucrative
field. The unit of sale runs
from 5000 to $4,000. If in
terested in discussing this
opportunity see Mr.. R. F.
Horan at 10 am. Monday,
January 3, at the Hotel Will
lard.
Evening star., 1938-01-02
FOUND

Animals and articles OF culue
that hare been found mny be dd-
rertised in The Star ,Cithout charge
il no re1rurd is expected
Each advertisement riH be lin
ftrd to tour lines. The name and
address OF Advertiser Uill be re-
Quired
Evening star., 1938-01-02
SALESMAN.

LIVE-WIRES to sell soil-less farmins
Grows larger vegetables. flowers. year
round without soil. Retails 81 Big
profits. exc. terr. Chemi-Grow, 257-JK
Werdin pl.. Los Angeles.
ADVERTISING Statesmen. high type.
meeting our requirements, residing in D.
C. are offered unusual opportunity in
protected territories. represent larsest
commission asis. selling all talking screen
advertising to local merchants. Should
have car, be free to travel, able finance self
80 days. State qualifications fully by
letter.. Alexander Film Co.. go PARK
ave, New York
CONTINUED on Next Pa1e.y
Evening star., 1938-01-02

and underparts white; back maltese with
little white; name Teddy: afraid Of stran-
gers. Line. sls1. Reward.
gold. between i In and Eye and 10th and
penna r. ,ass,, sse,; Friday noon. Reward. Poto-
DIAMOND PIN. shaped like neure eight.
Liberal reward. Call Adams Os92.
ENGLISH SETTER. female. months old,
WARD ia Lucas lane. Bethesda. Wis
FOX TERRIER UemaleJ: white. brown
ger" Reward. Georsia s99i, ''
MoIly Please cali Ats columbis n5sefs 4s44nJ. 44mt
l4:4 Webster st. NV. Reward.
LADY's BLACK ONYX RING. white gold
Phone MIS- w. "4 K: Bryan Ha%ShG Walnut 5sSeae
OXFORD GLASSES white gold rims and
Shaln; c1s, propaply on Conn ave. near Porter.
PIN-Lost at Mayflower Hotel New Year
eve yellow sold pearl pin. diamond center
LL1loerai reward Finder please notify
bSeS Tases mem ba9S bank
Park Friday. Reward Pot 0a5s-W' "
POCKETBOoK Oady'sI. brown leather
Seohtalnlns en money: personal effects. Dec.
103O-W
TOPCOAT. lost New Year eve Society
brsnd, brown. airport dance Emerson
G0S1.
WALLET, lost in vicinity Of St Joseph S
Church Saturday morning Initials q r
Z. b46 9 ST. ne. Line. Abs. Reward -
WRIST WATCH, lady's gold Hamilton,
oiack Wrist band Reward. 11l4 House
once BLDG. Br. 731.
REWARD.
Female. large black and tan hound: one
Whlte eye. Greenwood 1885 or Hyatts-
Evening star., 1938-01-02
FOUND.
LOS

GLOVE ladys found Fri on Conn. ave ,
near Dupont Circle. 1914 NJ st. NV
DlStrict "A
Evening star., 1938-01-02
WANTED.

Six men. Salary. SIS weekly plus CON-
mission; plus bonus. Pleasant. digniied
selling in the home. Future. Apply ready
for work. ISIS 14th ST. NV. Monday
thr0ush Erlday al $40 a m
Evening star., 1938-01-02

Continued on Next Page.)
Evening star., 1938-01-02
THE PALAIS ROYAL,

for sales work in store and outside
Permar ont. Duties and pay discussed At
interview. Must have car and be ready
70 start work Thursday morning Apply
Employment once. 9th floor Monday
The Washington times., 1938-03-02
Followers to Pay
NiemOeller'S Fine
Punishment Without
DishOnOr Ordered
By Germany

BERLIN, March / G.N,SJ.
Punishment without. dishonor," /"
involving a complicated inter-
change of fines and Imprisonment,
today was imposed on the Rev.
Martin Niemoeller for his leader
ship in the rebellion against Nazi
chulch dictatorship.
The outspoken former U-boat
commander was expected to be re-
leased shortly, as collections among
his followers are certain to make
up the deficit in his fine.
Accused of Sedition and using his
pulpit for political purposes, the
fighting preacher apparently was
found guilty only Of violating
minor church regulations. But
his trial, which aroused keen in
tereSt all over the world, was held
in strict secrecy.
The courts sentence was seven
months in honorary confine-
ment" in a fortress.
Two fines were also imposed
one of 500 marks $4,000 and one
of 1900 marks ($600).
The fortress confinement and
the smaller fine are presumed to
have been paid off by the months
the Rev. Herr Niemoeller already
has spent in Jail awaiting trial.
The Washington times., 1938-03-02

Accelerated rearmament will
cost Britain well over a billion
dollars next year, according to es-
Inmates of the three services which
will be made public this week.
GIANT FORCE ASSURED
That Britain will be one of the
worlds most formidable air powers
a year hence was affirmed in a
budget estimates which called for
memorandum accompanying air
an outlay of 100000 pounds
($557,510,000) during 1938-39.
This compares to a gross eX-
penditure of 82,500,000 pounds
($412, ,500,000) last year, making 8
gross incraese Of 10000, 900 pounds
($145,010,O0O.
Net expenditure which Swinton
asked for would be 73,500,000
pounds, compared to 56,500,00 for
the previous year.
Britain's air council now is salts
fled that her planes and personnel
are satisfactory, and compare IA
vorably with anything in the
world" the Viscount said.
$4,000 FOR PERSONNEL
Personnel for the coming year
will number $4,000, an increase of
10000.
Strength of the home air SER
vice was forecast at 1913 squadrons,
made up of SO bombing squadrons,
30 fighting squadrons, and Is gen.
eral reconnaissance and torpedo
plane SquadronS, plus 10 asso-
ciated with the army.
Besides, said the air secretary,
there is greatly enlarged train
ing and reserve organization in
support" The heavy increases
also affected the royal air force
overseas and the naval air arm,
said the air secretary.
Meanwhile, private naval dis
cusSions continued among the
United States, Britain, and France.
SHIP SIZE PONDERED
The conversations centered on a
possible new upper limit for battle
ship sizes when the powers, as
seems certain, invoke the "esca-
lator clause" of the London naval
pact and start building ships
greater than $4,000 tons.
A flexible limit" between $4,000
and $4,000 tons, with Britain
favoring the former, America the
latter, was suggested, but no &C.
ton has been taken so far.
The Washington times., 1938-03-02
Soviet Purge Trial Upset v
By KreStinsky's Denial

Soviet premier for 10 years, "were
fully aware of and encouraged eS.
pionage," the Indictment charged.
And to these grave allegations the
two men once respected almost
above all others throughout the
Soviet Union, nodded assent.
ADMITS GUILT
Rosengoltz admitted working d.
rectIy under command of one
foreign ambassador in 1923 and
under another some years later.
Makhail A. Chernov, former COM
misar of agriculture, was accused
of systematic wrecking Of Soviet
agriculture under the direction Of
Paul Schaeffer, correspondent of
the Berlin Tageblatt.
All of the defendants except Doc
tors Pletniov, Kazakov and Levin,
who were alleged1y concerned in
the poison murder Of Gorky,
Soviet Russia's leading literary
light, waived counsel.
DENIES ALL CHARGES
Although his demeanor was
calm, Krestinsky'S voice trembled
with emotion and his fingers
drummed nervously on the rail of
the prisoners box as he opposed
the charges.
"I was a member of the Com
munist party until the moment
of my arrest and still consider
myself So," he said.
AS each point in the Indictment
was read he emphatically stated,
II am not guilty"
AS Prosecutor Ulrich's sharp
questions were flung at him, beads
of perspiration appeared on the
ex-commissar'S brow but he pre-
served his aplomb, telling the
court he needed no lawyer and
would present his own defense.
Among those who witnessed
KreStinsky's surprising perform
ance was United States Ambas-
sador Joseph E. Davies, one Of
the many foreign diplomats
present. The two are well
acquainted. Krestinsky was often
entertained at the ambassador S
residence and reciprocated the
invitations.
The Washington times., 1938-03-02
CONTINUED from Page u

names were called and virtually
sentenced themselves to the firing
squad by admitting their guilt.
: In keeping with usual Soviet
tradition, all had entered "confes.
sions" before the trial even began
So Krestinsky's plea was not only
a profession of innocence but a
reputation of statements he was
accused of making Immediately
after his arrest.
IT gave false testimony during
the preliminary investigation"
Krestinsky said in protesting his
innocence, because I was con-
vinced there was no use in deny
ing my guilt except in open
court"
Several of the other defendants
lost no time in attempting sabo-
tage Krestinsky's claim by testify
ing against him.
TROTSKY ON TRIAL
On trial also as an absentee
defendant was Leon Trotsky, the
exiled BolShevist leader who is di,
rectly responsible for the present
strength of the red army. He was
named in the indictments as the
spiritual author" Of all the plots
and counter.plots which Stain be
lieVeS were aimed at eventual eX.
tinction of the Soviet regime in
favor of a capitalist or Fascist
government.
In previous trials, Germany and
Japan had been limited at as the
foreign nations chiefly interested
in sabotage of the Communist re
public. But this vast "show trial
in it's spectacular and theatrical
setting for the first time actually
named names, and in one instance
even Great Britain was cited as
"conSpirator" against the SovietS
HIGHLIGHTS OF CASE
HighlightS in the lengthy in
dictments read by Prosecutor
Ulrich and Presiding Justice An
drei Vishinsky follow:
Trotsky, determined to accom-
plish the overthrow of StaliniSm
worked hand in hand with the
German intelligence service since
1921.
Arkady P. Rosengoltz, former
foreign trade commissar. wa!
linked with the Germans since
1923, and other defendants, in
cluding Krestinsky, deeply in
volved with foreign powers for 6
decade or more.
Abdullah Ikramov, a former
premier of the Soviet State ot
Uzbekistan, was specifically &C
cuSed Of dealings with Great
Britain. He devoted his energies
! in this direction, the indictment
!, alleged, because England is
: mighty and will be able to assist
/ U.S."
Nikolai Bukharin, former edito1
Of both official newspapers Pravds
and Izvestia, and Alexei Rykov
The Washington times., 1938-03-02
Manufacturers Probe ~...
Old Age Discrimination

G.N.S) The National Associa-
ton of Manufacturers today an
nounced a program to determine
what, if any, discrimination was
being made against older workers
in industry.
Designed to investigate labor
conditions and eliminate both
child.labor and discrimination
against older men. a special N. A.
M. subcommittee inaugurated its
efforts today under the chairman
ship of Keith Williams, vice presi-
dent of The Pratt & Letchworth
Company, Inc, Of Buffalo.
Other members Of the special
committee are Robert H. Colley,
president of the Atlantic Refining
Company, Philadelphia, and P. A.
Smith, treasurer of the A. P. Smith
Manufacturing Company of East
Orange, N. J.
The Washington times., 1938-03-02
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
Don't Neglect Minor
Throat Irritation

Don't take chances. Rub on sooth.
ing, warming Musterole. Relief gen.
orally follows.
Musterole gets such marvellous re-
suits because it's NOT just a salve.
It's a ~cOunteF irritant"-e easing,
warming, stimulating and penetrat:
ing-helpful in drawing out local
congestion and pain.
Used by millions for 80 years.
Recommended by many doctors and
aurses. All druggists. In three
strengths: Regular Strength, Chill
dren'S (mild). and Extra Strong.
Approved by Good Housekeeping.
The Washington times., 1938-03-02

UNITED States Maritime Commits
sion, to seek tentative bids from
British ship-building firms on
.about a dozen cargo craft.
BLOW AT MONOPOLY
Kennedy also is here to help
push forward a trade agreement
with Great Britain, and, in his
words-"the sooner the better"
The ship-building estimates
which Kennedy seeks will form the
basis of a report to the President,
which Mr.. Roosevelt, it is under
stood, will use as lever to try to
break allegedly monopolistic price
boosting practices.
90 Otherwise, the President will
submit a report to Congress rec
ommending that foreign-built
ships be used to develop the Ameri-
can Merchant Marine.
COMPILING REPORT
+ Kennedy brought along a Mari
time Commission expert on his
arrival yesterday to help compile
his report.
I'm his final reports as chair
man OF the Maritime Commits
sion, Kennedy decried the high
cost of Shtp.building In the United
States, pointing out that eQuivd-
lent ships could be built at much
lotOer costs in some foreign
countries"
Closely related to the merchant
marine question is the problem
Of their cargoes-in other words,
trade.
FRONT AGAINST DICTATORS
That the worlds democracies
should stand firm against the
threats of dictatorS and fortify
themselves by improving trade re-
lations and generally strengthen
ing the bonds of economic unity
is the burden Of the message
which Kennedy will deliver to
Prime Minister Chamberlain.
AS the representative of Mr..
Roosevelt's views, Kennedy will
tell Chamberlain that the Amer.
ican people view unfavorably the
tendency of dictators to seek eco.
nomic and political agreements
under the implied threat that the
agreements must be on the dicta,
tors termS-"or else"
ECON"MIC SOLUTION
:. Kennedy will emphasize that
both Mr.. Roosevelt and Secretary
of State Hull still are convinced
the cure of the worlds political ills
lies in the solution of economic
problems.
One of the greatest steps for
ward in this direction would bt
between London and Washington
IN the RooSevelt-Kennedy view.
Kennedy arrived yesterday a
plymouth, and received a Specia
greeting from the lord mayor.
The Washington times., 1938-03-02
FRANCO SHELLS
SHAKE MADRID
IN GREAT DUEL.

MADRID, March 2 dN.SJ.
Madrid thundered and shook to-
day to one Of the heaviest she'll
ings the former capital has suf-
fered in weeks.
LOYALISTS REPLY
AS the nationalists hurled huge
shells into the city from hillside
emplacements on the west. the
loyaliSt artiIlerymen replied with
blasts against the enemy's posi-
ton toward the south.
In the trenches, according to
government reports, the loyalists
wiped out fascist positions at Sasa
de Ia Legua, on the Estremadura
front. Efforts of the nationalists
to divert traffic to secondary
roads failed, and several conveys
of trucks were wrecked by the
leftiSts.
SEEKS WAR SUPPLIES
At Barcelona, President Luis
Companys, of Catalonia, publicly
appealed for greater supply of
war materials to continue the
struggle.
CHILE Is LONG
The length of Chile is 26 times
itS width
The Washington times., 1938-03-02
PORTER TO SPEAK

my IL Years in China" will
be the topic presented Friday at
the weekly meeting Of the Wash
ington Round Table in the Cosmos
Club Speaker will be Thornton
L. Porter, United States sheriff
to Shanghai.
The Washington times., 1938-03-02

'The National Association Of
Manufacturers is opposed to the
employment in industry of chill
dren under 16 years Of age, and
the establishment of arbitrary
upper age limits in the hiring or
employment of workers below
any which might be fixed for
permanent retirement" the NJ
A. Ms statement Of policy said.
The Washington times., 1938-03-02
i. S. Seeks
Ship Bids
InBritUin
By KINGSBURY SMITH
Copyright. 1888, by International
News Service.)

LONDON, March 2 G.N.SO.
President Roosevelt plans to
threaten building UP the Ameri-
can merchant marine with foreign
built boats unless American ship
building companies reduce con-
struction costs, International News
Service is able to reveal today.
With this in mind, Mr.. Roose-
velt has instructed Joseph P. Ken
nedy, new Ambassador to London,
and former chairman of the