davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1938-12-30
Fleetwood Wolfe, Revenue
Bureau Auditor, Dies

Fleetwood Wolfe, 64, an auditor OF
the Bureau of Internal Revenue,
died yesterday at his home, 1901
Harvard street NV, after short
illness.
Employed as an auditor at the bu-
reau here since 1922. Mr.. Wolfe pre-
viously was a travelling auditor for
it for two years. Earlier, he had
been an auditor for the Atlantic
Coast Line Railroad at Wilmington,
N. c. He was a member of the Ma
sonic fraternity.
Surviving are his widow, Mrs.
Mamie l.. Wolfe; daughter, Miss
Mary Wood Wolfe, Leonia, N. j.; two
sisters, Mrs. H. D. Stewart, Monroe,
N. c., and Mrs. w. E. Milton, Albe-
marie, N. c., and five brothers, E. F..
Wolfe, Greenville, S. c.; w. K. Wolfe,
Sarasota, Fla; S. j. Wolfe, Pine
Bluff, Ark; B. H. Wolfe of Hanroe
and T. r. Wolfe of Albemarle
The body will be taken tonight to
Monroe, N. c., where funeral services
will be held tomorrow afternoon.
Evening star., 1938-12-30
Cosmie Rays Found
To Approach Earth
In Definite Spectrum
MiIIikon and Neher
Measure Energies to
Explore Mystery

Mysterious cosmic rays, constantly
bombarding earth from outer space,
enter the planets upper atmosphere
in a definite spectrum. DR.. Robert A.
Millikan and DR.. H. v. Neher of the
California Institute of Technology
reported to the American Physical
Society, meeting at the Bureau Of
Standards here yesterday.
The maximum number, DR.. Milli-
kan said, are those which are hurled
out Of space with energies of about
5000 900 electron volts and observa-
tlons in the upper atmosphere show
that none enters with energies of
less than 100000 electron volts
The actual cosmic ray band enter
ing the atmosphere, Dir. Millikan
claims, supports his early conviction
that they are the result of the total
transformation of atoms of different
elements into energy in relatively
empty portions of space.
Cites Respective Energies.
1t can be calculated from the
mass-energy transformation equa-
ton Of Einstein, he says, that atoms
OF carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, alumi-
mum, silicon and iron-presumably
the most abundant elements in
space-would yield energies respec-
lively OF II, IA, l6. q, % and 56
electron volts. When the atom dis
integrated, half this energy would
60 one direction and half the other
Consequently there should be band
ranging from 5000 900, 900 to 28,OOO,-
reaching the earth ranging from g.
600 100000 to 28,OOO,OOOO volts.
This is approximately what is found.
The two most abundant elements
OF all, hydrogen and helium, are not
represented in this spectrum. Their
total dlsintegration would produce
voltages respectively of 1000 900 900
and 4,000,000.000 electron volts. But
energies of half these magnitudes
would be prevented from entering
the high atmosphere of the earth
by the powerful pull of the suns
magnetic field which would not be
strong enough, however, to pull in
the rays of the higher voltages.
Originate in Space.
Other observations reported by
Drs. S. A. Korff and T. H. johnson
OF the Franklin Institute, Philadel-
phla, show that these rays must
originate in outer space rather than
in the depths of the sun. Measure
ments OF the total intensity Of this
penetrating radiation at high alti-
tudes, carried out by means of radio
balloons such as have been devised
by the Bureau of Standards, shows
that there is no significant differ
ence between day and night. Meas
urements made three months apart,
they report, were in good agreement.
Bureau Of Standards physicists re-
ported two years ago effects on radio
transmission from outbursts on the
face OF the sun, indicating that elec-
irons actually were shot over the
100000 miles between earth and
sun. The Philadelphia scientists
were able to make actual measure
ments in the upper atmosphere dur
ing one of these solar flares and got
no effect at all. They conclude that
the suns electron bombardment is
able to penetrate at best but a short
way into the blanket of gas which
surrounds the earth.
Evening star., 1938-12-30

commonly used for forcing under
glass and a plant of the tomato
family which produces red fruits
about the size of raisins and has
been used chiefly in the past as
a cover for rubbish piles where
it grows luxuriantly. It is entirely
resistant to various forms of leaf
mould which attack tomatoes grown
under glass.
A single one of these fungus dis
eases, DR.. Cuba said, causes an
estimated loss of more than 500
tons of tomatoes in Massachusetts
alone, valued at close to $l5O,0O0.
The loss is proportional, he pointed
out, everywhere that tomatoes are
grown in this way for an early
market. This Cinderella tomato
of the rubbish piles also has been
shown to be resistant to fungus
diseases which cause heavy annual
losses to tomato growers in Aus
tralia and in Germany.
A cross has finally been pro-
duced. he said. which has all the
desirable qualities of the best Of
the forcing varieties.
4
Grating robin skin on chicken
by cutting a hole through the egg
when the embryo was about four
days old was reported by DR.. Mary
E. Rawles of the University of Roch-
ester. When the chick grew up this
Evening star., 1938-12-30
Medical Society Plans
Scientific Assembly

The annual scientific assembly of
the Medical Society of the District
of Columbia will be held April Is
to q at the Mayfower Hotel, it
was announced last night. with DR..
James A. Cannon as general chair
man.
The place of meeting was changed
from the society's auditorium to
the hotel in order to provide larger
accommodations for the increasing
number of doctors and exhibits.
The subcommittee and their
chairmen for the assembly are: At
tendance, DR.. Don s. Knowlton;
banquet, DR.. Frank A. Hornaday;
program, DR.. Coursen B. Conklin;
entertainment, DR.. R. Lyman Sex
ton: finance. DR.. J. Ogle Warfield,
jr.; halls and exhibits. DR.. Allen E.
Walker; luncheon, DR.. Frank E.
Gibson; printing. DR.. John A. Reed;
publicity, DR.. Herbert P. Ramsey;
womans auxiliary liaison, DR.. Harry
HURT; associates, DR.. Daniel Lynch;
woman physicians, DR.. Kate Kar-
peles: public meeting, DR., Arthur G.
Christie. y
Evening star., 1938-12-30
Intermediate Infinite,
Beyond Any Proof,
[ogieian Says
Mathematical Society
Convention Hears
Dr.. Kurt GoedeI
Prs Stan Correspondent OF The Star,


WILLIAMSBURG, Va, Dec. 30
The profound problem of inter-
mediate .inf1nities was attacked by
the American Mathematical Society,
meeting here today. and DR.. Kurt
Goedel, Viennese logician, proved to
the satisfaction Of his colleagues
that nobody ever will know whether
there are such things or not.
An inf1nity is defined as a success
sion of things that goes on forever.
Mathematicians have been bothered
for centuries with the realization
that there are two clear-cut in
f1nities, one of which can be con-
tanned in the other.
One is simply an infinity of num-
bers. One could keep on counting
forever. Whatever number one stop
ped at there would always be next
number, with no end conceivable.
Could Be Exceeded.
Yet 1t is clear that this infinity
could be exceeded by the number
of points on any line-that all the
numbers in all time. In fact, could
be included many times over in a
line an inch long.
A geometrical point has neither
length, breadth or thickness. Con-
seQuently there is an infinite num-
Der OF points on any line and every
other conceivable inflnity could be
included in this
Something of this sort was recog-
nized by Zeno, the Greek phi
losopher. when he propounded his
celebrated paradox of the race be-
tween Achilles and the turtle. in
which, the turtle having been given
a definite head start, the runner
never could catch up.
Infinities Lying Between.
About a half century ago German
mathematicians began worrying over
the possibility that there were
infinities lying between-less than
the number of points on straight
line which is the infinite of inflnities,
but greater than all the numbers
that could be counted in endless
time.
DR.. Goedel today satisfied the
mathematicians that, whether or
not there are such queer infinities,
nobody ever will know about it. Any
number of inflnities may have
sneaked in between, for all DR..
Goedel knows. but mathematical
detective can never lay finger on
a single one of them.
The great weight of this dis
covery is generally acclaimed says
a report from the American Math-
ematical Society.
ut is an important and unex-
pected contribution to the solution
of a problem which has bafi1ed
mathematicians for upward Of 40
years." declared Mathematician ]. B.
Rosser of Cornell University.
Evening star., 1938-12-30
Pope TO Urge Europe
To Settle Peacefully
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
VATICAN CITY, Dec. 3O.-vati-
can circles said today that when
Pope Plus receives Prime Minister
Chamberlain and Foreign Minister
Viscount Halifax of Great Britain
during their Rome visit in January,
he would recommend that Europe
settle its problems without war.
Beyond expressing his hope for
peace, they said, the holy father
probably would refrain from talking
politics during the audience, which
is scheduled for January 13.
Vatica1 circles recalled the Pope's
radio broadcast during the Czecho-
Slovak crisis last September in
which he called for prayers that
God would sustain in those who
govern confidence in pacific ways of
faithful negotiations and lasting
agreements"
Mr.. Chamberlain call at the
Vatican was considered mostly a
matter of courtesy since British
statesmen In recent years have rare
" failed to see the Pope.
Evening star., 1938-12-30

bit of skin produced normal hen
feathers which were, however, the
color of robin feathers.
The red clay floor of the sea
is much richer in radium than dry
land rocks, it was reported by DR..
Charles S. Piggott of the Car
negie Institution of Washington.
For the past three years he has
been collecting sea-bottom cores by
means of deep sea harpooning ar
rangement. These cores, he finds,
have considerably higher per-
centage of earth's most precious
element than sedimentary rocks
formed on what was sea bottom
millions of years ago out of the
same sort of red ooze.
If this is due to the presence of
the parent element uranium, he
said, 1t means an hitherto unknown
source of enormous stores of energy.
If, on the other hand, radium in
sea water has merely sunk to the
bottom it does not mean much,
because 1t will have disappeared
through natural disintegration in
about 10000 years, an instant in
earth's history. The richest stores
were found in material about 3
feet below the surface, indicating
that the source is probably under
sea uranium.
X 4
There's nothing spooky around
the halls of the Florida State COL
lege for Women.
To determine whether any of
their students were psychic Drs.
j. H. and C. F.. Heinlein had two
girls try to guess in correct order
Is words chosen at random from a
dictionary. In $500 guesses not one
single word was named correctly.
In trying to read extra -sensory
perception cards none of the girls
did better than two shuffling ma
chimes trying to "outguess" each
other.
Evening star., 1938-12-30
Nov That He's Named Senator,
Quincy to Quit 'Broodcosting'
South Dokoton Hopes
To Aid Farming
And Radio
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Senator r-elect Chan Gurney, Re-
publican, of South Dakota, who says
IL years of radio announcing won
him a seat in Congress. predicted
today he would do little, If any,
"broadcasting" as freshman men,
ber.
Mr.. Gurney, who appears far
younger than his AZ years, said he
hopes to aid in "the two things I
know most about-farming and
radio"
I've been in the seed business all
my life and in constant contact
with farmers" he said. 'The New
Deal farm program has been joke;
witness the prices we got for the
small amount of stuff we've been
able to raise"
Mr.. Gurney said his pay check as
a Senator will "be my first as an
officeholder."
A native of Yankton, S. OAK, he
said he became acquainted with
South Dakota voters through years
of radio announcing over Station
WNAX, owned and operated by his
family in conjunction with a seed
business.
Il always started my noon news
broadcast with Hello everybody
Mr.. Gurney said. When I CAM
paigned I did the same thing, and
there were lots of people out to
find out about the owner of that
voice"
Mr.. Gurney said he expected to
Evening star., 1938-12-30
| 5 Mothers Offer
Lives for Sons
FACING Chair
By the Associated Press.

NEW YORK, Dec. 30.-Five weep
ing mothers, who have a combined
total of q children, last night unani-
mously offered their own lives In
exchange for those of their five sons
who are awaiting death in the elec-
trio chair at Sing Sing prison for
the holdup-murder of a detective.
1--WE lived 50 years and that's
enough sobbed the mother of
Arthur Friedman, 81. I'D 60 to the
chair myself because he was a good
boy"
I'D give my life any time for my
boy said the mother of Philip
Chalet, q.
Similarly and tearfully spoke the
mothers Of Dominick Guariglia, 10;
Isidore Zimmerman, 21, and Joseph
OLaughlin. %, at a meeting in the
lower East Side of joint committee
to aid the five condemned men and
representing, sponsors said, $50
groups4
Max E. Halpern. executive secre-
tary OF the committee, said a sixth
youth also had been arrested re-
Gently in Washington in connection
with the Staying of Detective Michael
Foley, a department honor man, in
the holdup of an East Side restau-
rant.
Evening star., 1938-12-30
Mother Earth's DIET
OF Meteors Adds
100000 Tons a Year
Extra Tonnage Computed
Up Into TriIIions in
$4,000, 900 Years
By Stan Correspondent of The Star.

By Statf Correspondent Of The Star.
RICHMOND, Va, Dec. 30-The
earth is getting heavier at the rate
Of almost 100000 tons a year.
In the past 50,000000 of the
planets 2,0OO,OO0O00 years of life it
has grown fat to the extent of ap-
proximately 5.72l ,286, 1856 900 tons.
These calculations were presented
to the American Association for the
Advancement of Science here today
by DR.. H. H. Mininger of the Colo
RADIO Museum of Natural History,
one of the worlds foremost experts
on meteorites. They were based on
q 16-year survey of the numbers of
falling stars buried in the soil at
various depths over 1,500-square-
mile area of the Great Plains.
The figures do not include the vast
quantities of meteoric dust which
constantly are sprinkling the earth's
surface from meteorites which are
entirely consumed by friction with
the planets upper atmosphere and
fall only as invisibly fine ashes.
Larger meteorites, Dr. Mininger said,
seldom are found on the surface un-
less they actually have been seen to
fall. The majority of those picked
up by accident come from plowed
fields and seldom exceed 40 pounds
In weight. Still larger ones occa-
sionally are stumbled upon where
the earth has been turned over to
still greater depths.
The survey in the Great Plains
sample area, he reported, shows the
depth to which the shooting stars
bury themselves depends upon their
weight about as follows: From Is to
40 pounds 20 inches: from 40 to 100
pounds, "a inches; from 100 to 300
Evening star., 1938-12-30

in its fourth year, it will contain
information on 20 tours and side
tours in all parts of the State. There
also will be % essays dealing with
industry. religion and racial groups
in Maryland.
The work of compiling the book
has been hampered by the lack of
sound material on much of Mary
lands history.
The Maryland guide is one of 40
such publications which are being
prepared under w. p. A. projects in
reach Of the 48 States and the Dis
trict Of Columbia. When all are
completed they will be included In
the National w. P. A. Guide.
Evening star., 1938-12-30

support aims of the Republican
party, although agriculture must
come first, not labor or capital. If
we help agriculture, the others will
come along. want to help business
make real jobs and get Govern
rent out of business"
He said he favored the cost of
production farm program.
The Senator elect was defeated in
his first campaign in 1886 by Sen
ator Bulow, Democrat, of South
Dakota, although they are personal
friends. His first name actually was
Chandler, But I've always just
used Chan" he explained.
Evening star., 1938-12-30
Wives and Children
kiwonis Club Guests

Wives and children of members Of
the Washington Kiwanis Club were
entertained yesterday at the clubs
annual family party" at the May
flower Hotel.
Appearing on an entertainment
program, presented by Frank l..
Peckham, vice president, were Arch
Mcdonald, radio sports commenta-
tor, and TEX" Walker, singing cow
boy. Edward S. Pardoe, club presi-
dent, was POSTMASTER.
Among the honor guests we're
Charles Donley of Pittsburgh,
trustee of Kiwanis International,
and George A. NORM of Boston,
general chairman of the 1899 Inter-
national Convention.
Evening star., 1938-12-30
Sanity Grand Jury
Plan Proposed

RICHMOND, Va. Dec. 80 (P.-A
new kind of grand jury for every
State in the Union which would
make an impersonal analysis on the
sanity of any criminal was proposed
today before the American Asso-
citation for the Advancement of
Science.
DR.. Winfred Overholder, superin-
tendent of st. Elizabeth's Hospital,
the principal Government hospital
for the insane. told members attend
ing the special symposium on mental
health that the appointment of such
a jury of impartial experts in psy-
chiatry would serve the cause of
justice better than the use in many
criminal cases of reputed experts.
At present, he pointed out, it is
left to the discretion of the trial
judge who is qualified to speak as
an expert on sanity or insanity and
both defense and prosecution find
medical men who will present opin-
ions directly opposed to each other.
1t is almost a universal practice
for judges presiding over criminal
trials Ito permit almost any doctor
Of medicine who has license to
practice to testify as an expert in
practically any field" DR.. Over
holder declared, whereas the truth
is that psychiatry is highly spe-
cialized field which most physicians
know little about.
The American Psychiatric Asso-
ciatlon and the American Neuro-
logical Association have certified
approximately 500 physicians quail
fed to pass on the sanity of an in
dividual, DR.. Overholder added, and
these psychiatrists are the only ones
admitted to testify In Federal dis
trict courts.
Evening star., 1938-12-30
Hot Wolf Star
Speeds al ia
Miles a Second
Velocity Of Rore
Body Puzzles
Astronomers
B, the Associated Press.

PASADENA. Calf, Dec 30-As-
tronomers told today of a rare. hot
star speeding away from the earth
at rate Of 124 miles a second, and
bright gas cloud. half of which
vanished as if it had been sliced
away with a knife.
The WolfRayet star recently was
discovered by the Carnegie Institu-
tion's Mount Wilson Observatory
and DR.. Paul w. Merrill has shown
it to be the fastest travelling of it's
type by far.
There are but a few of these
Wolf stars" said DR.. Merrill. Their
atoms are highly ionized and they
are at the high temperature end of
the whole stellar sequence.
Helium in Atmosphere.
Their atmospheres are composed
chiefly Of nitrogen, but are strong
in hydrogen and helium-the gas on
which the United States has a cor
ner and which was discovered on the
earth just 43 years ago.
The l24 miles a second is mini
mum for this particular star. for this
is its radial velocity, its speed in
direct line from the earth. If it is
travelling at an angle to the earth,
its velocity will prove correspond
ingly greater.
why is it moving so much faster
than others of its kind? That's
something we're interested in f1nd-
ing out"
DR.. Walter Baade told of observ-
ing gaseous nebula. huge cloud
Of gas and tiny particles, at inter-
walls. only to discover that half of 1t
had vanished.
Becomes Whole Again.
1T was cut smoothly in half" he
said, "as if some one had slashed it
away with a knife. Three months
later it was whole again.
These gaseous nebulae have no
light of their own. but if a bright.
hot star is nearby it excites the
atoms in the gas so they give of
light.
MY theory is that some large OBJ
iect. possibly much cooler star,
passed near the bright one. shutting
OF its exciting force from half of
the cloud. so that part gave off no
light and We could not see it.
If our observations had been
closer together. l think We would
have witnessed a gradual change.
But We saw it only when half was
dark. and when it was wholly bright
again."
Evening star., 1938-12-30
Mcbride Named Head
Of National Art GALLERY

Appointment of Harry A. Mcbride
Of Pontiac, Mich, as administrator
of the National Gallery of Art was
announced today by DR.. Charles G..
Abbot, secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution. Approval Of the ap-
pointment was made at a meeting
OF the Board of Trustees last August.
Mr.. Mcbride, who has served as
assistant to the Secretary of State
since 1882, entered the American
foreign service in 1908. He has held
various important administrative
posts in the foreign field and in the
Department of State at Washing
ton. He will begin his new duties
next month.
Other oficials appointed last year
with the boards approval were
David E. Finley, director, and John
Walker. curator.
Evening star., 1938-12-30
Mathematical Prize
Goes 10 Einstein
Associate
ExiIed Germon Scholar
Is Awarded Bocher
Honor by Society
BY STAN Correspondent Of The Star.


WILLIAMSBURG. Va, Dec. 30
An exlled German scholar. now an
associate Of Albert Einstein at the
Institute for Advanced Studies at
Princeton University, today received
the Bocher prize. most coveted
American mathematical honor. from
the American Mathematical Society
in session here.
The prize, established in honor Of
Maxine Bocher. veteran Harvard
profession. and given once every five
years, was voted to DR.. John Won
Neumann. creator of a new geolne-
try for fundamental researches on
almost periodic functions in
groups A periodic function is the
mathematical way of describing a
situation which repeats itself regu-
larly-for example, alternating cur
rent goes through the same cycle of
pulses so times a second. This can
always be pictured as a wavy line
on graph paper.
Will Always Be the Same.
It would always be the same,
mathematicians explained, regard
less of where such a curve was
pushed in space or time. An almost
periodic function" is one which
would be slightly changed by such
pushing, especially in some Of the
kinds of spaces deduced from hyper
dimensional geometry, which is COM
ing to constitute such significant
part of mathematics.
Won Neumann got the Bocher
prize for getting essentially new
classes of these almost periodic
functions" and devising ways of pic
turing them In different kinds of
spaces.
Tells of Measuring System.
At the meeting today DR.. S. M.
Ulam of Harvard University told Of
his recent advances In the study of
measure, especially on the problem
of measuring the area Of irregular
plots of land in a plane and of SINH
lar plots in very general spaces
which are not plane.
DR.. Ulan starts out from the fun
damental position that if two plots
have no part in common then the
area of a combination of the two
ought to be exactly the same of the
areas measured separately. Be-
yond this Is the deduction that the
area of plot ought not to change
If the whole thing is lifted up and
moved to some other place.
These two properties, he said. are
the foundation of any theory of
measurement. He has succeeded in
showing that it is possible to find a
way of measuring areas which will
have these properties and which will
work even for very irregular plots
and in the most general types Of
spaces.