davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1938-07-20

in Arlington and Montgomery Counties
for detached houses. Most of those who
buy homes beyond the borders of the
District do so because they want to
get away from the city atmosphere typi-
fed by row houses. They fear that their
investments will be jeopardized If row
houses are permitted near them.
There even is a possibility that row
houses may be built near costly parkways
Certainly when the taxpayers contribute
their share toward county parks they do
not envision wooded areas walled up
between row houses, not even modern
row houses developed with individual
decorations on each family unit.
The row-house question is strictly a
local issue which should be determined
by county authorities after a careful
study of public sentiment. An indica-
ton of the temper of the Arlington pub
lie has been furnished by the County
Civic Federation and several officials
who have expressed the view that row
houses have no place in their territory.
Montgomery civic units also are on rec
ord in opposition. individuals and groups
realize that they must become articu-
late now If they are to preserve the
attractive suburban status of their COM
munities.
Evening star., 1938-07-20
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES Z. TRACEWELL.

Difficulties Of helping another iden-
tify a strange bird in his garden were
shown the other day. when the bird
WAS pictured in words as having "an
orange body and black wings"
The Baltimore oriole, Of course, I'M
mediately came to mind,
But no, as the French say. that was
not the bird.
mo, I know an oriole," said the eager
seeker.
"Are you sure 1t had an orange
breast?" he was asked.
Eyes, bright orange"
Various warblers were described, but
none seemed to fit.
* y X
There are very few birds. after all,
which come to Washington and environs,
which by any stretch OF the lmaglna-
ton could be the right bird.
Our friend seized the big bird book,
and started to look through 1T fever
ishly.
This book, as most Of them. is ar
ranged with the various waterfowl in
the front, followed in the latter half
by what are rather ambiguously thought
of as the singing birds.
It was a perfect waste OF time. OF
course, to look through the plates Of
Florida gallinules, the looms, and so on.
Scores of birds, most OF them many
times larger than the beauty he had
described, and of far different colora-
tions, passed in review.
Here, let me show you," we said,
rather hastily, fearing for the safety
of the fair plates.
Looking through so many pages, never
finding what one is after, is not con-
ducive to the greatest care.
Hastily we looked over toward the
back, and by good fortune happened to
turn to the plate showing the scarlet
tanager.
His electric red coat was very well
reproduced.
What beauty, the scarlet tanager! I.
One bird to attract the attention of
any one.
That's it! That's it," fairly yelled
the seeker after bird lore.
Had he said, In the first place, "a
scarlet bird with black wings" or "a
red bird with black wings" 1t would
have been easy.
So If you wish to help In bird identi-
fication, evidently you must allow for
a certain degree Of faulty observation,
even to the point Of r-blindness.
X
On the other hand, those who ask
help in this ever entertaining occupa-
tion should do their best to make ac-
curate observations.
The main concerns are size, accu-
rately stated. general demeanor, accu-
rate coloration, and difference from other
birds of somewhat the same size, de-
meanor and coloration.
These differences are essential. Often
they permit the positive identification
Evening star., 1938-07-20
Row House Dispute.

Opposition that has arisen to attempts
to build row houses in nearby Maryland
and Virginia reflects a natural public
tendency to deplore that type of de-
velopment in the suburbs.
1t is easy to understand the motives
that lead to exploitation of attractive
areas through construction of row
houses. Landowners can get higher
prices for their property if more than
one house is to be erected on it. The
public usually furnishes a ready market.
These items of individual profit, how
ever, should be weighed carefully against
the welfare of the general public before
decision on the row houses question
is reached. Row houses may be an eco.
nomic necessity in a big city such as
Washington. Certainly there are plenty
Of them within the District of Columbia.
At present and for many years to
coAne, however, there will be ample room
Evening star., 1938-07-20
Of the bird without any other qualih'

of the bird without any other qualifi-
cations.
Since such differences are hard to
determine. especially by the beginner,
1t will be realized that he is likely to
make many a mistake here.
He must not be too positive, there
fore, in stated his findings. If he is,
he will throw the one who is trying to
help him completely off the track,
whereas If he is doubtful he will give
the other little latitude.
Whether bird walks or hops, whether
1t has a crest or no crest, whether 1t
shows white In its wings when it flies,
whether it digs in leaves like hen
These are essential differences, and
upon them may hinge the proper iden-
tiflcation, but it is seen at once that the
newcomer to the sport, not having had
much experience, will be least likely
to catch these.
The proper attitude for him, then, is
to be doubtful, If anything, and never
insistent upon details Of which he may
not be too sure.
Coloration is a great help in identi-
hcation, but it means very little if it is
not absolutely accurate.
The person who wants to know what
Is that bird" will do we'll to try to be
sure he Is using the proper names for
the colors he thinks he sees.
We have no doubt that the scarlet
Of the scarlet tanager might impress
casual locker as orange-but only a
very casual locker.
This bright scarlet, as it fits in the
trees, is brilliant to point far beyond
that of the redbird. or cardinal.
The cardinal, indeed, seems almost
dull, in comparison.
The word scarlet denotes this bright
ness. this almost electric sheen, in COM
parison with the word cardinal, which
points to duller red.
The size OF bird means little to the
beginner, because he has not had enough
experience in bird looking to be able
to compare the length of one bird with
that OF another. 1t Is Of great impor-
tance, however. The members of the
bird kingdom form a veritable organ,
as to lengths, ranging from the little
hummingbird. about inches long, to
such birds as the crow, at practically
20 inches. We speak, of course, of
those commonly seen in this vicinity
BY observing the length accurately,
the size as compared with some well
known bird, such as the English SPAR
row or robin, it is possible to eliminate,
by that one fact. many other birds,
narrowing the list considerably
Be sure to include any fact at all,
in your description. which strikes your
fancy. Do the birds wings make a
whistling sound when leaving the
ground? That fact. alone, shows it to
be mourning dove. And so it goes.
Be as accurate as you can, when you
are asking some one else's help in bird
Identification
Evening star., 1938-07-20
Railway Wages.

The stalemate which exists in negotia-
tions between the Nations class / rail-
roads and their employees in the matter
Of wage reductions is study in ire
sistible forces and immovable objects.
On the side of the managements, which
seek a Is per cent cut in wages, there
is the financial nightmare which has
haunted transportation for years. A
railroad can reduce its operating ex-
penses by large amounts In only two
ways-reducifS service and cutting pay.
Evening star., 1938-07-20

All other forms Of economy are COM
paratively minor. Reductions in service
are out OF the question, not only from q
plain business standpoint, but In the
light OF public interest. That leaves only
the pay roll.
But the organized employees of the
railroads have arguments which appar-
emily ere just as forceful as those of the
management. There is no question Of
the brotherhoods merely trying to get
what they can squeeze from the en-
ployers. The railroad brotherhoods have
been among the most enlightened unions
In the history of organized labor. The
first interest of the average worker is
the interest Of his company. He lives
railroading, talks railroading, and with
few exceptions his circle of friends is
limited to railroad men. He is willing
to spend years of apprenticeship, years
which carry him well through middle
age, in order to qualify for better posi-
ton. When there is work, his income
Is that OF highly skilled worker. But
with the exception of comparatively few
employees, work is not regular through
out the year.
In recent years increased efficiency,
economy methods and necessary cuts in
service have kept jobs at minimum
A decade ago freight train of seventy
cars was average, eighty cars was too
large for some passing" tracks and
slowed service. Today train of more
than one hundred cars is normal. This
means reduction in trips and in crews.
This Is but one of hundreds of examples.
The brotherhoods maintain that they
cannot accept reduction in the face Of
the uncertainty of work for the bulk of
their members. A serious cut would drive
many Of the trained railroad men into
other lines of work, depriving the COM
panies of skilled reserve. Yet unless
expenses are cut by the estimated $780,
100000 year the shaky railway financial
structure will be further weakened.
Evening star., 1938-07-20
Thinks Present Program
Is Leading to Bankruptcy.

Is Leading to Bankruptcy.
To the Editor Of The Star:
IN THE Zoo yesterday I saw a black
crane Tapping his wings to dry his
feathers. In my judgment that's what
President Roosevelt was doing when he
talked of disarmament at San Francisco.
A newspaper noted in headlines that
the people did not acclaim his disarma-
ment statement. Their failure to do
so can hardly be interpreted as dis
approval Of disarmament. The impli-
cation that our Nation alone is snow
white and lily-pure in military matters
is so absurd that even the most ardent
advocate of disarmament could not have
given even a feeble clap.
Nations as well as individuals must
take risks. If we are unprepared we
risk attack from an enemy. To be ade-
quately prepared we risk economic ruin
Would it not be better to have the
courage to incur the risk of hypotheti-
cal enemy rather than the certain ruin
of financial and moral bankruptcy to
which our present program is leading us?
A READER.
Evening star., 1938-07-20

One hundred royal trunks accom-
panied King George and his Queen to
Paris. One small dispatch case, borne
by a representative Of Downing Street
and containing few paragraphs of pre-
else guarantees, would have been no less
graciously received by the French gov
ernment.
Evening star., 1938-07-20
Shooting Stars.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.

The Perilous Season.
They say it's dangerous to eat,
And dangerous to drink;
It's dangerous to walk the street
And dangerous to think.
A thousand voices bid you pause,
And drive you to despair;
'Twere better not to breathe because
There's danger in the air.
Now, shall fare my usual way,
And eat my customed meal.
Nor scan thermometers and say
How much depressed I feel.
And I may even stoutly call
For liquids chilled with ice;
For it is dangerous more than all,
To take too much advice.
Evening star., 1938-07-20
Twenty Years Ago
The World Var Day BY Day
July 20. 1918.

Under pressure from the assaults of the
last two days, the German Army began
its retreat across the Marne. It was a
precipitate retreat, but not route, and
the allies failed to trap them at the river,
although they did occupy the south bank.
British forces took Meteren.
On this day, the news was given out to
the world that, four days previously, Car
Nicholas II Of Russia had beep executed
at EkAterinburR. AA
Evening star., 1938-07-20

Smithsonian Institution officials would
like to have Howard Hughes plane for
permanent exhibition in association
with Col. Charles A. Lindbergh's Spirit
OF st. Louis, but they say: I'VE have
no room for it," The incident illus
trates the need for new aviation build
ing south of the Mall, requirement
long neglected by Congress.
Evening star., 1938-07-20

1t probably is a silly thing to say,
but one does not have to be native
Of Japan to find satisfaction in watch
ing the moon on a summer evening.
Times have changed in the United
States as elsewhere in the world these
past few years. yet there doubtless still
is direct relation between the silver
orb and the power which, in Nippon
and America alike, makes hearts to sing.
Evening star., 1938-07-20
Letters to The Star
Proctor Corrected
On General Jackson.
To the Editor Of The Star:


On General Jackson.
To the Editor of The Star:
THE second paragraph of Mr.. John
Clagett Proctors article on page
ca Of Sundays Star. entitled War in
Washington" states that Gen. Thomas
J. jackson was preacher of the gospel
who did not hesitate to fight on the
Lords day. The statement that the
general was a preacher Of the gospel
obviously is in error, for the writer, in
several years study of Gen. Jackson's
life, has never come across anything
that could indicate that such station in
life was ever occupied by him. Col
G. F. R. Henderson's "Stonewall Jack
son." which is a recognized authority
on the generals life, at pages As and
lib shows that Gen. Jackson was a
deacon not preacher. in the Presby-
terian Church at Lexington, Va, pre-
sided over by the Rev. DR.. White. 1t
is also pointed out in Col Henderson'S S
book that Gen. Jackson was very re-
ligious and saw to it that chaplains ac-
companied the army to conduct prayer
services. On page 335 Of his work COL
Henderson says that every victory OF
Jacksons army, as soon as the oppor-
tunity offered, was followed by the or
der that the chaplains would hold di-
vine service in their respective regi-
ments.
After the battle OF Kernstown, Va,
which was fought on Sunday, March %,
1862, and was participated in by Gen.
Jackson, Col Henderson says, at page
1876 of his biography. that the general
wrote the following letter to his wife:
You appear much concerned at my
attacking on Sunday. I am greatly
concerned too, but felt it my duty to
do it, in consideration of the ruinous
effects that might result from postpon-
ing the battle until the morning. So
far as I can see. my course was wise
one; the best that I could do under
the circumstances, though very dis
tasteful to my feelings, and I hope
and pray to our Heavenly Father that
I may never again be circumstanced as
on that day. I believed that, so far
as our troops were concerned, necessity
and mercy both called for the battle.
I do hope that the war will soon be
over and that I shall never again be
called upon to take the field. Arms
is profession that, if its principles
are adhered to, requires an oHlcer 10
do what he fears may be wrong, and
yet, according to military experience,
must be done if success is to be at
tanned. And the fact of its being nec-
essary to success, and being accom-
panied with success, and that depar-
ture from it is accompanied with dis
aster, suggests that it must be right.
Had I fought the battle on Monday
instead of Sunday fear our cause would
have suffered, whereas, as things turned
out, I consider our cause gained much
from the engagement"
The purpose of this letter is to cor
rect what I believe to be an erroneous
statement as to Gen. Jackson's religious
station and to convey. If possible, the
generals sincere and earnest attitude
concerning military engagements on
Sunday RONALD A. SHADBURNE.
Evening star., 1938-07-20
Estimating Approval.

do you favor votes for women?"
whats the use of asking question
like that" exclaimed Farmer Corntossel,
II don't exactly favor thunder and light
ming, but I've got to admire the impair
tial accuracy with which they sometimes
perform"
Evening star., 1938-07-20
Pan-American Union
C0rrectS Brown Statement.


MR.. CONSTANTINE BROWN wrote
in the editorial section of The Star
on Sunday, July II, that g. the Ger
mans and Italians are tops as i'm
porters and exporters in South America. :"
If by tops" Mr.. Brown means most
important" he errs. A check of sta
tistics available at the Pan-American
Union will reveal that such is not the
case.
In 1887 Italy didn't take top rank
either as an importer or as an exporter
in any of the 10 South American re-
publics. Germany took top rank as
an exporter in only one country, Brazil
AS an importer it did not rank first
in any of the countries. More impress
sive is the record of Great Britain,
which took front rank both in exports
and imports in Argentina and Uruguay
and in Peru, in exports. Really tops
is the United States. which took front
rank both in exports and imports in
the case of all the remaining republics.
ROGELIO E. ALFARO,
Counselors Office,
Pan-American Union.
Evening star., 1938-07-20
Disagrees With Vile
On "Cotton Ed" Smith.

i
TT SEEMS strange The Star would
publish the article Of Frederic Will
liam Vile crediting the Negro voters
friendship for President Roosevelt as
the cause of the purge of Senator Got
ton Ed" Smith. who votes Republican,
from the Democratic party In South
Carolina.
The masses in South Carolina have
minds of their own. It is true that they
dare not think out loud. as the mill
owners are for Smith. They live in
company shacks and must buy in COM
pany stores all that they eat. wear and
use, for three times the price Of the
same goods in chain store. Govern
ment reports show that many are in
debt at the end Of the year. The aver
age earnings Of South Carolina tenant
farmer are $129 year.
They know President Roosevelt has
tried to better their conditions, and
that Cotton Ed" voted against him.
In IA major farm, social and Labor
Evening star., 1938-07-20

Those who believe in freedom in mat
ters religious-even the freedom to alb
stain from worship ltogether-should
be among the first to defend the free
press. Churches, it seems evident, would
cease to enjoy their present liberty pref
ty shortly If it were not for untrammeled
daily journals of news and opinion.
Evening star., 1938-07-20
Garden Guests.

Prom the Indianapolis News.
However, an amateur gardener can't
help being, pleased when the rabbits
show 20 much interest in his vegetables
Evening star., 1938-07-20

There are people who believe that the
national debt never has to be paid"
but nobody questions the necessity for
meeting interest and administration
charges at regular intervals.
Evening star., 1938-07-20
Rate by Mail-Payable in Advance
MARYLAND and XirGiniA
All Other States and Canada
Member of the Associated Press

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to
the use for republication of all news dispatches
credited to it or not otherwise credited in this
paper and also the local news published herein.
All rights of publication OF special dlSpa tches
herein also are reserved.
Evening star., 1938-07-20
COmpensatiOns.

From the Kansas City Star.
Lies compensations keep us thank
full. We have no Congress this summer
but we do have candidates.
Evening star., 1938-07-20
Making Enemies.

From the Lynchburg Advance.
Chinese German relations are said to
be growing worse. Berlin doesn't like the
way Chang Kai-shek is treating Ger
manys good friend, Japan.
Evening star., 1938-07-20

Joyce Kilmer once wrote a poem in
which he argued that being lovely is
duty" Perhaps he was familiar with
the fact that glamour girls need as much
stamina and courage as pugilists.
Evening star., 1938-07-20

measures in the seventy-flfth Congress
Senator Smith is recorded as voting for
only two. If the writer wanted to be
fair, why did he not say that on these IL
bills in the House of Representatives
a Negro Congressman. A. w. Mitchell
Of Illinois, was more loyal to the peo-
pie of South Carolina. He voted against
only 8 of the IL bills.
The Democratic voters of South Caro-
lima are like President Roosevelt and
millions of others in the United States,
who voted and sent 400 of their ablest
lawyers to the Senate and House of
Representatives to make laws for them.
Election day will tell what the silent
voters think in South Carolina.
JOHN RIGGLES,
Evening star., 1938-07-20

The President has gone deep-sea fish
ing. MIR. McAdoo will remain on shore
and see what he can catch.
Evening star., 1938-07-20
Mint Final Edit!

Evening and Sunday Csc per mo. or l5c per week
The Evening Star-45c per no. or 1Oc per week
The Sunday Star tar5c SC ger COPY
Evening star., 1938-07-20

Letters to the Editor must bear
the name and address of the writer,
although the Use OF pseudonyru for
publication il permissible. Please be
brfetl
Evening star., 1938-07-20

The Evening Star Newspaper Company
Main Office: 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave.
New York once: 10 East 42nd st.
Chicago once: 435 North Michigan Ave.
Evening star., 1938-07-20

I'VE calls good people to be baptized"
said Uncle Eben, "but sometimes rs
little skeered fob fear de folks dat jes'
stands on shore gifts too much Of de real
enjoy44ent." =
Evening star., 1938-07-20

Night Final and Sunday Star per month
NiRht Final Star 55c per month
Collection made at the end of each month OF
each week. Orders may be sent by mail or tele-
phone National 5000
Evening star., 1938-07-20

WASHINGTON, d. c.
WEDNESDAY July 20, 1888
Evening star., 1938-07-20
RelativitieS,

I knew his pa. knew his ma.
I knew his granddad, too.
For him I sometimes say "hurrah!
As many people do.
And yet I often hesitate
About where he is strong,
A mans relations may create
A fuss that goes all wrong.
Evening star., 1938-07-20

Delivered by Carrier-City and Suburban
REGULAR Edition
Evening star., 1938-07-20
Fixed Opinion.

Fixed Opinion.
Are you fond of dogs?"
Very" answered Senator Sorghum.
But am also afraid of them. If dog
likes you he'll be kind. but if he doesn't,
he's like backwoods voter. There's no
use arguing with him"
Men go fishing and fear to scare the
fish," said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown,
"but when on land they do not hesitate
to frighten one another"
Evening star., 1938-07-20
"Mistake." "

mistake"
Corrigan, so wide awake,
Says his flight was mistake.
Say officials in review,
"Corrigan, We think so tool"
Evening star., 1938-07-20

@. What was the War of Devolution?
j. G.
A. The name was applied to the war
0667-8) which arose out of Louis XIV's
claims to certain Spanish territories In
right of his wife. Maria Theresa, upon
whom the ownership was alleged to
have devolved.
Evening star., 1938-07-20

@. Who founded Smith College,
H. L.
A. The college was founded by the will
OF Sophia Smith Q796-1870) of Hatfield
who chose the neighboring town Of
Northampton as the site and selected
the first trustees.
Evening star., 1938-06-05

NHAT an amazing record! To date
w 42O, O,6A women have made the
famous 1-2-3 comparison of breads in
stores all over the country. They have
compared virtually all popular brands
by the very method experts themselves
use to compare bread quality.
And of these 42O, ,6S4 women, 80 out
of every 100 have chosen Wonder Bread
over all others.
Yet, few months ago most women
thought all bread alike. Now these
Evening star., 1938-06-05

women have proved that Wonder Bread
is really better &. that Wonder Bread
is the finest bread any woman can buy.
See for yourself! It's flavor is
wheatier, more delicate. Its texture
is smoother, softer, more moist. Its
fragrant aroma more appetizing.
Get loaf of SLOT baked Wonder Bread
tomorrow. It's Slo-Baked-rich in
sustaining enerey-better for growing
children. Remember-the best costs
no more than the second best.