davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1938-02-16

going concessions in the realm Of ac-
cess to raw materias-possibly to
colonies-as a reward for the end Of
friction between Austria and Germany.
There were rumors here that .
British loan to Germany would b
forthcoming in the event of an Austro-
German reconcilia ton. 1t was taken
for granted that British diplomacy
had been equally busy at Vienna,
emphasizing the advantages to Austria
and to all of Europe of friendship
between the two Central European
\ German states.
Evening star., 1938-02-16
RAIL OFFICIAL URGES
HIKE IN FREIGHT RATE
Increase Would Permit $500, 600.
600 Rehabilitation Spending,
c. r. Gray, Jr., Says.

By the Associated Press.
ST. LOUIS, Feb. l6.-American
railroads, II granted their request for
q is per cent freight rate increase.
could spend $500, ,00o, 900 above pres
ent budgets for new equipment and
rehabilitation, Carl r. Gray, jr., exec
utive vice president Of the Chicaeo.
st Paul, Minneapolis d Omaha Rail-
way, said today.
Such large scale expenditures would
be pump priming" for industry and
business in general" he claimed.
Mr.. Gray declared maintenance and
Improvement programs Of most roads
have been deferred pending Interstate
Commerce Commission action on the
rate hike request.
''Railroad men feel confident, how
ever, some increase will be obtained, -
he asserted while on . Business visit
here.
Evening star., 1938-02-16
Better Training Urged.

Miss Ann Tracy. president-elect Of
the American Dietetic Association.
urged better training for dietitians at
. joint dinner meeting last night Of
the Washington Dietetic Associate ton
and the Home Economic Association at
the Dodge Hotel.
Evening star., 1938-02-16

For the special benefit Of members
of the Moslem faith in the United
States the Egyptian government plans
to broadcast -Mohammedan religious
services originating In Egypt, accord
ing to reports In Cairo.
Evening star., 1938-02-16
Great Diversity of Following
Tests Francois Political ability
Liberal Spirit Is in Ascendant, although
Reactionaries and Progressiues JoH,
Parade of Insurgents.

This is the second OF tpo articles
bv the editor Of the Atlantic Month
ly. giving his impressions of life
behind the lines IN the Nationalist
Spain of Gen. Franco. Mr.. Sedg-
,Dick, ,Oho has Just returned to Lon
don after travelling seueral Weeks in
Spain, reports that he ,uas accord
ed every possible facility and COM
plete freedom Of action" in making
his surrey.
Evening star., 1938-02-16

Assemblies Sunday to Receive Message
From Hitler.
BERLIN, Feb. 16 tP.-Nazi ofiicial-
Evening star., 1938-02-16
MEETING TOMORROW
Mrs. Clapper to Address Siblev
Hospital Woman's Guild.

Hospital Woman's Guild,
The Woman's Guild Of Sibley Me-
mortal Hospital will be addressed by
Mrs. Raymond Clapper at 4 meeting
at II am. tomorrow in Rust Hall, 1850
North Capitol street NV.
Mrs. Clapper, who with her hus-
band. 4 newspaper columnist, recently
returned from Europe, will tell Of con.
citions In countries through which she
Travelled.
The Rev. William A. Reese of the
Metropolitan Methodist Church viii
lead devotions.
Evening star., 1938-02-16
Rome Greets Austrian Chanses.

ROME. Feb. Is R)-Omcials
greeted Austrian cabinet changes with
satisfaction today, asserting Premier
Mussolini long had advised Chancellor
Kurt Won Schuschnisg to take Naxs
into the Austrian government.
Evening star., 1938-02-16

British, French Give Counsel.
PARIS. Feb. l6 R.-French foreign
of1ce circles today asserted that the
French and British Ministers IN
Vienna counselled Chancellor Kurt
Won Schuschnigg in the changes which
placed Naz pathizers in . power
full position in his cabinet
These circles expressed belief this
collaboration may prove to be the first
step in stronger French and British
backing for little Austria's battle
against Na8is.
The French government watched
closely for reaction in Italy as key
to the Middle European situation.
Evening star., 1938-06-16
King Custavus V.

The people of the entire world. not
merely those Of Sweden. today unite to
pay homage to King Gustavus v. Cele-
bration Of the eightieth anniversary Of
his birth simply furnishes an appropriate
occasion for recognition Of his services
to civilization at large. He has earned
the gratitude of millions through q whole
lifetime of modest devotion to the public
good, abroad ss well as at home; and
1t would be serious omission If the
multitudes did not make the most of
their chance to express appreciation at
the moment when their royal friend
attains fourscore years of honorable
and useful existence.
But King Gustavus does not desire
acclaim. A shy and unpretending man.
he gladly would avoid the crowds ap.
plause. It is enough for him to know
that he has not striven altogether in
vain. The only popularity be wants 4
that which tekss ths form of ancass %.
Evening star., 1938-06-16
Legal Education.

The proposal by committee of the
District Bar Association to require two
years Of general academic study, or its
equivalent, in preparation for the study
OF law is one that merits the serious
consideration of the association when it
meets next Thursday night.
None will dispute the proposition that,
other things being equal, lawyer with
some cultural background is better pre-
pared to assume his responsibilities as
an officer of the court than one whose
education has been restricted to a study
OF the law. This is particularly true in
an age when important social problems
are playing an increasingly vital role
in the field of law.
There has been, however, considerable
opposition here to plans for increasing
pre-legal requirements, much of it being
based on the belief that the higher
standards are designed in part to narrow
the field of legal practice for the benefit
OF those already admitted to the bar. If
that were the real purpose of the present
proposal it could not well be defended.
But, since the plan to be submitted
Is one that should improve the caliber
OF lawyers, its merits should be carefully
weighed. In fact, If the proposal is
drafted disinterestedly. and fairly, there
Is no reason to suppose that its main
provisions will not be acceptable to the
law schools here which do not now re-
quire the pre-legal work.
Evening star., 1938-06-16

troubled by growing pains but alwaya
until now the harassed leadership has
been able to maintain q semblance Of
discipline and control. Even such
troubled power seems to have reached
an end at the present time, however,
and the leadership of the automobile
industry snd Of the c. ]. o. may well
be concerned at what may eventuate
from the current dissension.
To the c. I. o., the U. A. w. Is q key
union. heretofore contributing An ina
portant slice of revenue to . shrinking
central treasury and representing DOM
nance in the field of automotive labor.
Disintegration or permanent division Of
the union could not help but be costly
financially to the G. I. o. and also would
plainly threaten the foothold gained In
one of the Nations major industries.
To the industry, the split carries threat
of new instances Of unpredictable union
conduct and the danger Of disregard by
one faction or the other of collective
agreements now operative. II such oc-
ours, it would be unfortunate both to
industry and to organized labor Is q
whole.
AS for the West Coast maritime de-
velopment, scanty reports make 1t difi-
cult to evaluate what has happened.
For many months, the G. I. o. and the
A. F. of L. have fought bitterly to line
up the independent Sailors Union Of
the Pacific. No labor picture could be
more confused and potentially dangerous
than that backgrounding the maritime
industry, with the G. I. O. controlling the
sailors on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts
and the longshoremen on the Pacific
while the A. F. of L. holds claim to the
longshoremen of the East and the team
sters so powerful in the West.
If the Pacific sailors are to throw In
with the latter group, as now indicated,
it may well be the decisive development
in a labor rivalry or it may result only
in intensification of situation which
already has gravely threatened . funda-
mental and important industry.
Evening star., 1938-06-16
Suburban Row Houses.

homeowners of Arlington County are
deeply concerned over efforts of specu-
lative builders to erect row houses in
nearby Virginia.
The county's Board Of Zoning Appeals
rejected the sentiment of q vast ma
.jority Of Arlingtons citizens this week
when it denied an application to rezone
. tract which residents feared would be
used for the construction OF row houses.
1t is to be hoped that the County Board,
which has the Anal say in such matters
after the zonins appeals group submits
its recommendation, also will take every
precaution to prevent erection of row
houses. So far the board has deferred
action on the case.
Heretofore the board has been unable
to block such construction, but under
revised coming code which will 20 into
effect late this month 1t will have def
mite power to zone tracts specifically for
row houses. At present there is no row
house classification in the county soning
rules. In four instances authority to
build attached houses In residential "B"
areas has been obtained through appeal
to the Circuit Court despite the rulings
Of county authorities.
Residents with the future of the
county at heart consider the erection of
row houses most unfortunate, and believe
they have no place in Arlington. One
of the chief satisfactions Of living away
from downtown areas is found in the
enjoyment and upbuildins Of . COM
munity Of detached homes set in care
fully tended lawns and gardens. Row
houses are essential, perhaps, in big
city. They are neither essential nor
desirable. however. when placed In .
suburb which already has some Of the
most attractive homes in the outskirts
Of washington and promises to develop
into an even more desirable section.
Apparently neither lack Of space nor high
land values. nor any other consideration
justifies them in Arlington.
Evening star., 1938-06-16
One More Bill.

This session of Congress has made
fairly good batting average for COM
pleting action on District legislation,
but that record would be boosted greatly
II, in the closing hours, the House and
Senate could find some way to agree ON
the compulsory taxicab insurance bill.
Although this measure has passed
both branches and gone through weeks
Of negotiation in conference. If adjourn
ment comes tonight without a final
agreement, all Of this diligent effort ca
the part Of House and Senate District
Committee members will 60 for nought.
Unless some national problem should
prompt the President to call special
session in the fall, this will be the end
Of the Seventy fifth Congress, and the
taxicab bill will have to start all over
again and retrace all Of the legislative
steps that have brought it to the thresh-
old Of enactment
With the taxicab playing so important
. part in public transportation through
crowded city streets, the need for sys-
tematic financial Responsibility has be-
come essential. The main proposition
on which the two houses have be-
come deadlocked is whether to follow
the Senate plan Of equality in unit cab
cost, as distinguished from the House
provision for maximum $4,000 policy,
bond or sinking fund to cover fleets of
cabs.
1t is to be hoped that before the ad-
journment gavels fall. some basis of
compromise may yet be found.
1t is too late, of course, to hope for
action to establish an airport for the
National Capital, in view of the refusal
of the House to take up the Camp
Springs bill.
On the other side Of the ledger, how
ever, this session of Congress las to
its credit the final passage of bills
granting Washington equality in P. w.
A. loans and in future Federal-aid high
way allotments; the benefit of slum
clearance cooperation between the
United States Housing Authority and the
Alley Dwelling Authority; a more effec-
tive gambling law against The numbers
game; an improved Juvenile Court code;
an automobile inspection law; modern
form Of Lunacy Commission; establish
ment of Small Claims Court, and bills
now awaiting signature 10 improve
zoning Commission procedure, and to
put teeth in the local narcotics law.
AS always, there are undoubtedly
some deserving measures left in COM
mittee, but taken as whole, this ses-
sion has solved a number of Washing
tons pressing problems.
Evening star., 1938-06-16
The Melancholy Danes.

Classic oasis Of peace and democracy
in the European desert Of threatened
war and spreading totalitarianism is that
portion of Northern Europe which COM
prises the three constitutional monarchies
OF Sweden, Norway and Denmark. It is
a bit of shock to learn that the one
Of the three northern kingdoms hitherto
most reluctant to grid herself for war,
Denmark, has at length gone realistic, in
accordance with the new transatlantic
mode. She is preparing to strengtnen
the national defense. It is the motive
underlying the Danes purpose, rather
than the expenditure contemplated,
which lends significance to the pro-
gram. They plan to invest $4,000, 900
kronors Cs1l,ooo00o) in the purchase
and storage of vital wartime necessities
and in the acceleration of previously
authorized military preparations.
1t is fear of Nazi Germany which
impels peace-craving Denmark to aug
ment her defense budget by a sum
which is bagatelle in American eyes
1t hardly represents the cost of modern
submarine. Few spots in Europe excite
Hitlerite territory-lust so much as Dem
marks sea-grit province Of Schleswig.
with shores Tapped on the west by the
North Sea and on the east by the Baltic.
When Germany was dismembered in
1919, it was decreed that the inhabitants
OF the northernmost portion of Schles-
wig -Holstein, which was wrested by
Bismarck from Denmark in the war of
1864, should decide by plebiscite whether
they wished to remain German or be-
come Danes again. The vote of 1920
overwhelmingly favored Denmark, which
gained thereby 164,5o0 Of population.
Although German minority has for
eighteen years lived agreeably under
Danish rule, despite Nal separatist
agitation since 1888, schleswig is one
OF those bleeding frontiers" like
Sudeten Czechoslovakia, which Hitler's
"Mein Kampf" condemns to eventual
restoration to Reich rule.
Schleswigs extraordinarily strategic
situation athwart the Kiel Canal makes
the lost province a tempting morsel.
It was in the nearby waters of the
Skaggerack, which separates Denmark
from Norway, that the Kaiser's armada
chose to give decisive battle to the
British Grand Fleet in the ene great
naval contest Of the World War. The
Germans called it the Battle of the
Skaggerack: the British, Jutland.
Denmark is governed by a stanchly
pacifist Social Democratic cabinet, but
1t has been decided to follow Sweden
and Norway in tightening up their COM
mon defenses against the NaM threat.
There is revived report Of a triple aln-
ance to this end, with the Danes and
the swedes undertaking jointly to SOW
with mines the Strait of Oeresund,
which separates them. German naval
operations would be dangerously jeopar-
died by such action.
Evening star., 1938-06-16
On Two Labor Fronts.

Two developments of the past few
days within the ranks OF organized labor
are worthy gilmore than perfunctory in
terest, although their truest significance
will develop only with lapse of time.
One is the bitter, and this time ap-
parently conclusive, split which has di-
vided the United Automobile Workers
into two camps, each seemingly de-
termined to annihilate the other.
The second is the reported decision of
the Sailors Union of the Pacific to break
completely with the c. I. o. dominated
maritime federation on that coast.
A young and lusty union, the U. A. w.
from its very beginning has been
Evening star., 1938-06-16
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES Z. TRACEWRLL.

A man With barn swallows in his
garage says that these clever birds build
two nests, several feet apart, putting 4
small stone In one nest, using the other
for the eggs.
This Is an attempt, he insists, to throw
natural enemies OF the track. He bases
his belief partly ON similar conditions
he found last year, when two nests were
discovered, with but one pair Of birds.
This is interesting II true, as the old
saying has 1t. The habits Of birds are
still largely unexplored; any one SUM-
ciently interested still may fnd out
many things.
One of the good points about trees
is that they attract the birds, that they
are largely used bys the songsters as
nesting places.
Often 1t is possible for = householder
to look directly into 4 nest In some
bough by looking out . second-story
window.
Just before the storm Of last Sunday
afternoon we discovered q mother robin
sitting on her nest in q locust tree.
The fork Of two boughs, where this
nest had been constructed, was some 20
feet from the ground and almost hid
by leaves.
The wind was blowing rather severely
at the time, it will be remembered,
That was why we could zee the nest at
all, the leaves being blown away from
directly in front Of it.
In ordinary weather It Is invisible.
While the wind was not as strong in
our section As in some other parts of the
city, 1t still was vigorous enough to blow
the nest in an arc Of many feet.
when the wind blows, the cradle
will rock" must have been composed
by some homely bard Of the past as he
or she stood at q window and watched
some bird tossed about on her nest.
4
It's wonderful that 20 little harm
comes to nests and nestlings, but 50
long as the branch does not crack. OF
the moorings OF the nest break. the
mother bird herself furnishes . neat
umbrella.
Birds are made for the outdoors, of
course; nothing that u outdoors is
strange to them, or inimical, In q very
good sense.
Wind and rain, in particular, offer
them no hazards they cannot meet and
conquer. given ordinary good bird
fortune. No doubt there are individual
birds which have bad fortunes, Just
as there are humans for whom things
do not "break" right.
All in all, birds do 4 wonderful Job
In building. 1t Is q rare thing to see a
nest fallen in the street, in communities
where trees spread their limbs in great
arches.
Bird feathers often attract the At
tention Of pedestrians. But in many
miles Of walking such thoroughfares We
have seen but one nest on the paving.
1t looked very lonely and forlorn
there. 1t was. indeed, out Of place.
Perhaps an ornithologist might have
identified 1t, but to the average passer by
even one interested in bird life, it was
just nest.
Our faithful robins are notoriously
poor builders. Not only are their nests
not models Of neatness, but their choice
OF location often Is bad. They build in
fork Of . tree, the nest 20 loosely
constructed and 20 badly tied that
1t falls to the ground at the first heavy
wind.
They are supposed to Ike the 20
Evening star., 1938-06-16

called robin shelf, . platform with .
ROOF and open sides, usually with .
slight railing around the platform.
We have yet to sec robin family use
this sort Of thing. All these platforms
We have seen have been passed up
year after year for . more natural
nesting site, such - the thicket Of q
large shrub or q tree.
Birds ~ architects and home builders
have won the admiration Of mankind
for centuries; their nests are so nicely
constructed. 80 perfectly adapted to
needs. 70 simply and yet adequate.
Man, himself, has q long way to 60
yet before arriving at such Q combina-
ton. Too often his own dwellings are
ornate, or oyer-simple: they are not
adapted to the site, nor to the uses
to which they are to be put; they some
how fail to impress an honest beholder
as either esthetic or practical.
A&H y
Many species of birds seemingly have
worked out all questions Of stresses and
strains in their building as well as an
engineer.
The way cords are twisted and inter-
twined in the nest Of the Baltimore
oriole, for instance, is superb, from every
engineering standpoint
II 1t comes to woe, 1t will not be
the mother builders fault. The branch
to which 1t Is hung may come down.
down will come baby, cradle and all'-
but the nest will hold fast to its moor
ings.
It would take. indeed. a little work to
detach it.
Whether . bird makes q survey Of the
branch itself and Of the three, is
doubtful: that would be expecting too
much, perhaps. The pigeons which nest
outside q window do not understand
that with hot weather the window will
be raised.
Every tree and every bush is nest
ing site for some bird.
What can be done to induce the
various songsters to build in ones own
yard?
Not much, after all, when you come
right down to 1t.
After you have planted shrubs Of
the sort many birds prefer, and after
you have provided the yard with bird
baths and even dust baths and after
you have strung strands Of bright yarns
around the yard, hoping to tempt them
to use them for nesting materials, and
after you have kept noises and dis
turbances away to the best of your
ability, and are keeping a watch out
for the natural enemies Of birds
After you have done these things,
the matter is in the claws of the birds,
after all.
Even those famous Russian mulberries,
which the experts laud as bird attrac-
tors, may not turn the trick. The
feathered friends may remain in the
park, or provokngly build few doors
down the street in q yard where nc
thought whatever has been given to
their likes and dislikes
Life, Of course, even bird life, is that
way.
Wherefore we are reminded not to
take our bird providing and our bird
watching too. too seriously. Birds have
lived and loved thousands Of years be-
fore We came upon the scene, and prob
ably will continue doing 50 thousands of
years after We are gone In the mean
time, let US be happy with such birds as
We have. even II no swallow comes to our
garage. We have robins, and what birds
are better?
Evening star., 1938-06-16
Condemnation Of
Woman Workers Resented.

To the Editor of The Star:
MR.. ROBERT e. HOWE voiced his
opinion to the world at large" in
an article published in your paper be-
moaning the fate of the "emancipated
female" which, II not erroneuos, is
very misleading.
Mr.. Howe seems to have inherited
that one and only brain cell handed
down from his brother Adam in the
year B. c. when he blames women for
upsetting the applicant.
Since self-preservation is the first law
Of nature, women must of necessity work
and be paid for It. Self-respect is a
very important item and ladies must
eat, you know, 1t seems that men, too,
resort to rooming houses and restau-
rants as mode Of living.
It would indeed be pathetic if women
were forced to be dependent entirely
on some man for economic survival as Of
old. Mr.. Howe is quite mistaken when
he says that women hold all the really
good jobs. He would have W believe II
1t were not for women, men would be
paragons Of virtue. Always there have
been people who live from hand to
mouth. We are all built for action and
it seems no more Objectionable for .
woman to develop broadened hips than
for . man to become paunchy from SIT
ting at q desk.
Mr.. Howe, and the thousands Of other
Americans he mentions who have no
possible means Of voicing their opinions.
need to be reminded that women are
not ready to trade in their hard won
rights Their liberties, for all their
limitations and blemishes, were wrench
ed from unwilling masters and are
treasures to be guarded. Some study Of
history a. It relates to women would
enrich and clarity the present for those
who have distorted ideas on the subject.
MIR. Howe Is hoist with his own petard
when he assumes that the ultimate hap
p!ness Of every woman II to cater TO
the security and Importance Of some
mere male. What Of II II she doesn't
buy home, car or insurance-the world
won't stop revolving. II it were Of sum-
ctent Importance, onet could enumerats
any number u frivolous wayS n which
men epono thalS m0ney.
LUlA xEoHEA