davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1938-09-14
100000 AMERICANS
ARE NOW IN EUROPE
Many U. S. Nationals Have Set
Up Homes and Businesses,
Face War Perils.

ny the Associated Press.
More than 100000 Americans are In
European countries likely to be Affect
ed If great war breaks out
A majority Of them are permanent
residents. The tourists have already
begun the seasonal trek homeward and
boats leaving European ports are
jammed.
State Department files showed today
that in Great Britain, France, Italy,
Ireland, Czechoslovakia and Soviet
Russia are 57,863 Americans who have
taken up residence, some for purposes
OF business. others to live cheaply on
small incomes.
The largest number is in Italy
25,6l6. Next largest is in Great Britain
-l2,447. France has 1884; Czecho-
slovakia. 5,1s0; Ireland, 1880, and
Soviet Russia, 596.
In the event of evacuation. many Of
these Americans have to think not
only Of their personal transport and
the packing Of suitcases, but also of
winding up their businesses, perhaps
Of selling their homes.
General nervousness over the Czech
oslovak crisis was reflected among
foreign business firms in Germany.
Two British concerns, for instance,
sent all their British employees to Eng
land. leaving German representatives
in charge.
Some Frenchmen living in Germany
also were leaving.
Evening star., 1938-09-14

The Csechs fear Germany may try
to annex ut least the sudeten area rs
she did Austria. The Czechs are
determined to fight should that occur.
Czech allies are France and Soviet
Russia. and Britain has indicated she
very likely would be involved II France
got into . war.
The "Other Countrles.s
Germany counts as her particular
friends Italy and Japan. and the three
are linked in an accord to flght
against world Communism. They are
the authoritarian. Fascist, NaM states.
Britain, France, Soviet Russia are
sympathetic to the Czech efforts 70
keep their little republic intact, but
likewise Britain and France are urg-
ing the Czech government to do every
thing possible to reach . reasonable
compromise to assure peace.
Britain has sent an unoficial mis-
sion Of mediation to Prague to work
10 this end.
The lesser nations OF Europe have
kept thus far In the background, but
HdOHlul ana WAlCug.
The Personalities.
Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of Ger
many. A one-time painter and Aus
trian born. he came to power in Ger
many In 1888 with . constantly re-
peated pledge to restore his nation to
the status Of the great empire Of pre-
war days. He Is ~.
DR.. Eduard Benes, President Of
Czechoslovakia. mild d-mannered, 81,
who As chief of the Czechoslovak dele
cation at the Versailles peace confer
ences helped establish his nation.
Konrad Henlein. 40, who used to
teach athletics, had a successful ex-
perience organizing athletic clubs,
turned to politics and founded the
Sudeten German party. He leads the
Sudeten tight and goes frequently to
Germany to consult Hitler.
Viscount Runciman, SO. head of the
British mediation mission to Prague,
banker. steamship man, considered
cool, calm and shrewd.
Neville Chamberlain, Prime Min
bter OF Britain, former chancellor of
the exchequer. He is 50, likes nothing
more than a fishing holiday. He ef-
fecsed . peace understanding with
Italy, not yet in force. declaring it
better to deal with the dictator coun-
tries than to risk war. Now he is 4
leader of the effort to keep peace by
urging Czechoslovakia to negotiate and
by firm warnings to Germany of the
danger OF war.
Evening star., 1938-09-14
Jobs FOR ALL
IS SA|M Of c. 0.P.
Glenn Frank Moves to Alter
Idea Party Is Only for
Big Shots
By the Associated Press.

COLUMBUS. Ohio. Sept. IA
picture of Republicanism catering to
the big shots only must be smashed
by "a program that puts all America
back at work." Chairman Glenn Frank
of the Republican Program Committee
declared here today
The New Deal has sought to con-
vince the millions that it alone is con-
cerned with social and human values"
DR.. Frank said in a speech prepared
as the keynote address before the
party's platform convention.
1T has perSistently insinuated that.
if the Republicans gained control of
the government. they would stop re-
lief, junk all public works. wipe out
all social security provisions. tNrn a
cold shoulder to the unemployed, ad-
vance no social legislation on its own
initiative. and look out for the big
shots only. in the pious hope that may
be something good would trickle down
to the rank and file of Americans.
We must smash that picture OF
Republicansm. And there is just one
way we can smash, and that is with 4
program that really works. a program
that puts all America back to work.
Promises Workable Platform.
Referring to the National Platform
Committee. commissioned to draft An
"unevasive Republican program as an
alternative to the hastily conceived.
recklessly financed and inefnciently
administered policies which have made
up so much of the New Deal program"
Dr. Frank said when the draft was
completed the committee would speak
in terms of workable policies"
This means he added, that the
Republican party must be truly party
of the peopie-all of the people-with
a program that will actually lift and
make secure the living standards Of
the milllc ns."
DR.. Frank continued:
The New Deal has failed utterly to
deliver. Its words and its deeds have
gone in opposite directions. Events
of the last six years have taught US
few unfavorable truths. We cannot
bring a secure prosperity to the farm
er by so cutting his operations that
food he should be supplying has to be
imported in mounting volume. We
cannot revive American industry by
opening our gates wider and wider
to flood of goods from nations with
low labor standards. We cannot help
the small business man by taxing him
to death.
I'VE cannot serve the workingmen
of America by using the power OF
Government to split organized labor
wide open and sink it in kind Of
civil war. We cannot pat private en-
terprise on the back with one nand
and stab it in the back with the other
and expect anything more than spas
modic shot-in-the- spurts Of re-
covery. This much the New Deal
record has taught us"
Evening star., 1938-09-14
Berlin
Continued From First Page.)

Czechoslovakia for imposing martial
law in Sudeten German towns, de-
clsring that Europe is under the
stamp of terror"
The ofncial German news agency,
D. N. B.. quoted Informed quarters
as denying foreign reports Of par
tial German mobilization"
German officials denied published
reports of a conference of Hitler and
military leaders at Berchtesgaden, his
retreat in the Bavarian Mountains.
They said Hitler was not at
Berchtesgaden today. He was be-
lieved en- route to Berlin from Munich,
whittier he had summoned Ribben-
trop earlier.
Disorders Detailed.
Hitler's own newspaper. Voelkischer
Beobachter. carried detailed accounts
of the disorders in Czechoslovakia
under the headline: "Shootings, out
RACES, murder, martial law"
NO one can imagine that Sudeten
Germans are inclined to remain in
such state" the Nazi press declared
One person close to the government
privately denied Germany's position as
one of "watchful waiting" an attitude
which may change any minute"
Let the world and especially our
Western democracies remember what
our Fuehrer said in his Nurnberg
speech" he added.
NaA quarters regarded yesterdays
demands by Konrad Henlein. the Su-
deten party leader, for revocation OF
martial law steps as logical demands
in view Of the strained situation, but
not an ultimatum.
Evening star., 1938-09-14
MARTIN EBERT DIES

Martin Ebert, II, former merchant
in the old Center Market for many
years, died yesterday of q heart at
tack at his home. 1888 Manchester
lane NV.
A native Of this city, Mr.. Ebert
retired from business about 10 years
ago. He is survived by q son, Edgar
Ebert, Interstate Commerce Commis-
sion employe, with whom he lived
at the Manchester lane address, and
two sisters and brother.
Funeral services will be held at
2:30 pm. tomorrow in Chambers
funeral home, 1400 ChApdn street
NV. Burial viii b Ia Cedar Hill
Cemetery.
Evening star., 1938-09-14

a good. many people here wondered
whether these official reassurances
should be taken at their face value
and If and when air raid sirens begin
to scream Berliners will take to shell
ter with hollow feeling in the pits
OF their stomachs, and with an awful
dread that the city they find when they
come out may not be the one they
left when they went in.
Amidst a storm of enraged attacks
and threats, which even goes beyond
past performances of the sort, the
Nazi press today warns the world that
"Germany's patience with Czecho-
slovakia) is exhausted" in the words
Of der Angrif1. The newspapers print
long and furious accounts of alleged
Czech attacks on the Sudeten Ger
mans, which the Nazis claim were
entirely unprovoked, and describe as
martyrs the Sudetens killed in clashes
during the last 48 hours.
None of the Nazi newspapers seemed
even to mention the fact that Czechs
have been killed, too-more Czechs
than Germans, according to apparent
ly reliable reports from Czechoslovakia
itself.
One Question for Discussion.
There is only one question which
can now be discussed with Prague,
the National Zeitung of Essen declares
today, and that is the question of
whether Sudeten Germans are to be
given the right of self-determination.
No evasions will be tolerated, the
National zeitung, mouthpiece of
Field Marshal Herman Goering, says.
Prague must answer the question yes
or no.
The panic fight from Sudeten
regions in Czechoslovakia rose to new
proportions today, with Jews and
other non-Nazis and anti-Nazis fee
ing to Prague, and Nazis escaping
over the frontier to the Reich. Ap-
proximately' 100 Sudeten Germans
crossed the border from Hazelbach
and made their way to Hos last
night. it is reported here today. The
refugees claimed that their lives were
no longer safe in Czechoslovakia.
Copyright. 1898. CHICAGO Daily News. Inc.
Evening star., 1938-09-14
JAPANESE READY
TO ASSIST ALLIES
German-Czech Crisis Laid
to Communist Activity
by Foreign Office.
By the Associated Press.

~ the ASsoclated PreBS.
TOXIC, Sept. 14-Japan's readi-
ness ito fight. in every way. with arms
If necessary" against Communism was
revealed today in . statement by the
foreign ONCE spokesman.
The announcement held Communist
activities responsible for the Czecho-
slovak- German crisis and said Japan
was prepared to Join Germany and
Italy, her allies under an anti-Com-
munist pact. in lighting against Red
operations"
The spokesman said, however, 1t was
premature to answer" the question
whether Japan would declare war II
Great Britain and France should be-
come involved in conflict with Ger
many over the Czechoslovak situation.
IT the situation makes it necessary"
he added, Japan is ready to fight in
every way. with arms, II necessary"
VIII Aid Either Ally.
He said Japan, as 4 signatory Of the
November Is, 1896, agreement pledging
cooperation against Communism,
would assist both Germany and Italy
in fighting Communist activities and
was equally ready to help either ma
ton individually If "she became in
volved without the other"
Japanese Admiration and SYM
pathy" was expressed for Adolf Hit
ler's demands for settling the Sudeten
German problem. The German cham
cellor's address in Nurnberg Monday
was called a genuine expression of
ardent patriotism which has taken
Europe by storm"
The statement continued:
''At the time Of the founding of
Czechoslovakia (after the World War;
the Sudeten Germans demanded that
the question of their national status
should be decided only in accordance
with the principle of racial self-de-
termination.
Seed Of Trouble in Treaty.
But their earnest desire was Sacri-
ficed to expediency and the st. Ger
main treaty fixed their present status,
whereby the seed OF the subsequent
complications of the racial problem
was planted
1T is Communism which took ad-
vantage Of this situation.
For the present complication Of
the Sudeten German question the re-
sponsibility lies largely on the ma
chinations of the Communist Inter-
national. which is pulling strings be-
hind the Czechoslovak government.
In its desperate attempt to boil
shevize Europe. the Communist Inter-
national has been doing everything to
prevent the peaceful settlement OF the
racial problem in Czechoslovakia.
We Japanese have had plenty of
experiences with the subterranean ac-
tivitiesr OF world Communism in the
present China affair.
Base Of Bolshevixation."
Since the position Of Czechoslovakia
as the base for Communism's machina-
tions for the bolshevization Of Europe
Is exactly similar to that Of China In
East Asia. we can readily see the ways
Of the Communist International in
Europe.
And Japan is prepared As ever to
join forces with Germany and Italy
for f,ghting against red operations in
accordance with the spirit of the anti
Communist agreement.
In view of the fact that Communist
international intrigue is to blame for
the present European situation, we
hope the great powers as Great Britain
and France will take definite cogni-
zance OF it and act accordingly for the
sake Of world peace"
Evening star., 1938-09-14
The Sudeten Dispute
Minority Was Baked at War End in
Desire to Join Austria.
, the Associated Press,

BY the Associated Press.
Statesmen fear another World War
may start in Czechnslovakia, q tiny
republic created by treaties Of the last
World War.
Here are some Of the facts about the
country, the dispute and the leaders
involved:
The Country.
Czechoslovakia was formed on Oc.
tober 20. 1918. from parts of Bohemia,
Moravia, Silesia. Slovakia and Ru-
thenia, which before the war were
under the Austro- Hungarian empire.
Population: $4,000, 900, including
nearly 5000, 900 Czechoslovakas, $780,
600 Sudeten Germans, 50 named be-
cause of the Sudetes Mountains among
which they live; smaller groups of
Poles, Magyars. Ruthenians and other
minorities.
Area: $4,000 square miles. The
Sudeten Germans live in perhaps one
twentieth Of this area, but the Sudeten
regions form the border with Ger
many.
The Dispute.
The Sudeten Germans wanted to
become part of Austria at the end
Of the World War. Now extremists
among them want to Join Germany
The formal demand Of the Sudeten
German party Is for independence In
local government at least. The Sude-
tens claim the Czechoslovaks have not
fulfilled World War treaty pledges to
protect interests of the German
speaking minority.
The Czechoslovak government vows
1t Is willing to grant all reasonable
demands. 1t has offered to establish
local cantonal governments. Three
would be German-dominated and in.
clude about 100000 of the $500, 900
Sudetens. The Czechoslovak govern
ment refused to relinquish control of
foreign affairs, financial and military
policy.
The Sudetens say this is not enough.
Reason for Fears Of War.
Chancellor Hitler OF Germany an
nexed Austria on March l3 after de-
claring on February 20 that Germany
would protect German peoples who
were unable Ito secure along the bor-
ders the rights to general. human, po-
litical and theological freedom"
He said on Monday night that Ger
many would aid the Sudetens If they
needed help to gain these rights. j"
He admonished the Czech government
to reach an understanding with the
Sudetens.
Evening star., 1938-09-14
European Crisis Heavy Blo,o
To China's Hope of League Aid

The Chinese are barely hopeful that
such realization will stiffen British
policy and lead to the granting of
desperately needed economic help to
China, either individually or through
the League. But If the European war
clouds fail to dissipate, the Chinese
appeal Is likely to be . voice crying In
the wilderness.
(Copyrishted. 1898, By the Chicago Daily
News, Ine)
Evening star., 1938-09-14

self might present demand for =
plebiscite to the government as wide
spread agitation for such action con-
tinued in Sudeten German territory.
The Czech government took no ON
cial notice of the Sudeten ultimatum.
but gave a clear indication that while
the demands would be considered If
presented in Prague there was no in
tention at present of revoking martial
law.
Czechs generally admitted the grav-
ity of the situation aad foresaw .
continuing threat to peace, perhaps Of
all Europe, for the next "a hours. They
declined to predict the course Of
events for that critical period.
Demands increased for a plebiscite
in the Sudeten regions, to determine
by whom the German speaking minor
ity should be governed. This led to
widely"circulated reports that formal
demand would be made for such ref
erendum
New British Effort.
There were indications also Of q new
British effort to effect q resumption
of peaceful negotiations with the
Prague government. broken of abrupt
ly by the Sudeten party leaders.
The troop concentration in riotous
Sudeten towns was said to be "consid-
cradle" Travellers on western and
northern highways saw numerous
truckloads of soldiers
Some reservists were called, but the
government said no general mobiliA.
ton had been ordered,
Evening star., 1938-09-14
~ the Associated Press.


The Sudeten German crisis in
Czechoslovakia, although rooted in
age-old racial differences and in the
World War settlements defining the
boundaries OF Czechoslovakia, has de-
veloped rapidly this year as Nazi Ger
many extended support to the Sudeten
German Minority
Principal steps this year follow:
February 20-Reichsfuehrer Adolph
Hitler declares Germany's interest in
the protection of those people of Ger
man origin who are not in a position
through their own efforts to secure
along the borders the rights to general,
human, political and theological free
dom"
March 4-Czechoslovak Premier
Hodza declares I'VE want peace, but
We must let it be known that if destiny
confronts us with the necessity of de-
Tending ourselves, we will resist with all
our strength"
March 13-Germany annexes Aus
tria. points to it as q warning to
Czechoslovakia.
March 24-British Prime Minister
Chamberlain refuses prior guaranty
Of immediate armed aid to Czechoslo-
vakia against German aggression, but
warns Germany that Britain might
fight. France and Russia already
were bound to defend Czechoslovakia). .
April 24-Konrad Henlein, leader OF
the Sudeten Germans, in a speech at
Karlovy Vary. lists eight-point suton-
omy demands. including recognition
Of NaM-ism in Sudeten German Sec
tions Of Czechoslovakia.
May 20-Two Sudeten Germans shot
by Czechoslovak border guards.
May 2l.-Czechoslovakia calls re-
serve class to bolster 00OO-man
army, strengthens border defenses
after reports of German troop move
ments
July 26-Czecloslovak government
publishes draft of minorities statute
promising spirit OF democracy and
humanity Britain sends Viscount
Runciman to Prague as unoficial me-
diator
August 12-Czechoslovak army ON
GERS issue manifesto declaring there
could be no retreat" on question OF
Csechoslovak integrity.
August 15-German masses reserv-
lists for maneuvers with regular army,
hastens fortif1cations in the west. Eu-
ropean capitals fear Germany trying to
intimidate CZechoSloyakia II not act
ually planning attack.
Evening star., 1938-09-14
FRANCE PREPARES
TO CALL 100000.
Summons Would Swell Army
to 100000 Poised
for War.
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
PARIS, Sept. 14.-The French gov
ernment was reported in informed
quarters today to have completed plans
for speedy mobilization of 100000
more men, or eight classes of army
reserves, in case a new grave turn
in the European situation makes it
necessary.
1t is estimated there already are
about 100000 men under arms in
the French Empire. hence such mobil-
zation would swell the total to
100000.
The classes from 1891 back to 1924
would be included. meaning that men
from ~ to "a years old, inclusive,
would be called.
1t was said that the question of
mobilization Of more men was one Of
the main matters considered by Pre-
mier Daladier last night and then
was held In allegiance until this morn
ing. when postponement Of proposed
mobilization was decided upon.
Mobilization Natural Move.
Mobilization, it was pointed out,
would be natural move if the situa-
tion took sudden, acute turn. Thus
1t was not considered surprising that
plans were completed for its orderly
execution. Whether these plans will
be put into effect depends upon de-
Velopments.
A grave view was taken of the
situation, despite the clamor of the
press for a peaceful solution. Reports
from Prague, Berlin. London and other
capitals were studied closely for any
turn in the situation.
Premier Daladier spent the day
at the ministry Of war He conferred
with Leon Blum, Socialist leader, this
afternoon on what was reported to
be plan for possible formation of
national union government, represent
ing all political parties.
Closest contact was being kept with
London and views were exchanged
at frequent intervals by telephone.
During the morning M. Bonnet
conferred with Sir Eric Phipps, Brit
lsh Ambassador, and William c. Bull
lit, American Ambassador.
May Favor Plebiscite.
Diplomatic sources believed France
would prepare to go with the British to
the extent of pressing Czechoslovakia
to grant demands for a plebiscite in
which Sudeten Germans could vote on
union with GERMANY
Paris newspapers this morning were
almost unanimous in urging the French
government to find peace at any
price" solution to the violent quarrel
between Czechoslovakia and its Su-
deten minority
In France the government often uses
the press to prepare the public for de-
velopments in its policies
French Cabinet Undecided.
Adding to the uncertainty of the sit
uation was the report in usually in
formed quarters that the French cab
met was undecided whether to make
q stand against German expansion in
Central Europe or 60 to almost any
lengths to preserve peace.
Stefan Osusky. Czechoslovak Min
lister to Paris, called on Foreign Min
lister Georges Bonnet to inform him
the Czechoslovak government consid-
cred the situation very serious"
The Paris Legation. Prague's prin-
cipal diplomatic outpost, has been in
constant contact with its government.
So serious was the situation that only
official telephone calls were put
through to Prague Operators told
other callers there would "be delay
Of at least five hours"
Evening star., 1938-09-14
Sudeten Chronology
Controversy, Rooted in Historic Racial Differences
Grew Acute Since February 20
This Year.

August 27-Sir John Simon, British
chancellor Of the exchequer. reiterates
Britains' warning she might fight If
Garmany attacks Czechoslovakia.
August 29-Hitler inspects fortifica-
tions facing France.
August 3l-Sir Neville Henderson.
British Ambassador, flies to Berlin to
warn Germany that Britain might
not be able to remain aloof from q
continental war.
September 5-Czechoslovak govern
ment formulates last and ultimate
offer" to Sudetens, including conces-
sions of local self-governinS sudeten
cantonS.
September 7-Sudetens break of ne
gotiations upon receiving report that
Sudeten German legislator was struck
by mounted policeman during dis
turbance at Maehrisch Ostrau: Chech-
oslovak government promises thorough
investiga ton. France cancels naval
leaves: fleet prepared.
September 9-Czechoslovak-S -Sudeten
talks reopen at Prague: government
offers new cantonal plan to minority.
September l0-Prague says all pos
sible concessions have been offered,
rests case with world.
Britain's warning that she cannot
be counted on to remain aloof in
event Of European war conveyed to
Chancellor Hitler himself
Marshal Herman Wilhelm Goering,
Germany's second Nazi," proclaims
Germany invincible and determined to
protect Sudeten Germans.
September 1l-Chancellor Hitler at
Nurnberg strongly hints union Of
Sudeten German regions alone would
satisfy Germany.
Sudeten German crowds cry I'VE
want plebiscite!'
September 12-Chancellor Hitler in
Nurnberg speech demands Sudeten
Germans be given "self-determina-
ton: says IT these harassed people
feel they are without rights and aid
they will get both from us"
September 13-Disorders break out
throughout Sudeten German areas; at
least IL killed; Czechoslovakian gov
ernment puts martial law into effect
in eight Sudeten towns; Sudeten Ger
man party issues ultimatum to Prague
at 7:30 pm. u:30 pm, Z. S. T)
demanding withdrawal of martial law
and other special measures in Sudeten
regions; states II demand ignored
Sudeten German party leaders de
cline all responsibility for all future
developments"