davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-04-02

Attention of members is called to
a new publication by the Bureau of
Mines "A Method of Determining Por-
Osity: a list of POrOsities of Oil Sands
by ID. b. TaIiafero, Jr., It. w. johnson
and r.. j. Devices. 1t explains how
pore spaces in sandstone are measured
to determine the percentage of oil
content. No Montana tests are in
cIuded in the. list but there are sum-
maries for fields of IL states. Oil
collects in the spaces between grains
of sand, such space resulting from
irreguIarity in the size and formation
of the grains. The relative space COM
pared with the mass of the sand is
known as pOrOsity, since it is that
space in which oil migrates, and it
varies from to 30 percentum. For
those interested in the study of the
technical detail of figuring reserves,
this report is interesting and may
be obtained from the Bureau of Mines
at Washington.
Copies of the report discussed
herewith can be obtained from the
U. S. Bureau of Mines at Washing
ton, ID. Q. 1t is described as U. s.
b. Nj. Report of Investigations 1902.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-04-02

Spring is here-and then some.
You should see the crop of spring
poets. Our mail Is laden with
poetry, nearly all unprintable. most
ly about the new deal, zippers on
pants and the like.
II read in the paper the other
day that a recent survey showed
that $4,000 girls have returned to
the use of cotton-top hose
THE investigation must have
been very interesting"
"At first it was love. He fascin-
ated me-and I kissed him"
yeah, 1 know, and then he be-
gan to unfaseinate you-and you
slapped him."
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-04-02

Thank you, James G. Flynn,
Cannon Falls, sfinn., for those gooo
ones. Come again.
Tip on getting rid OF your nus
bandit at first you don't succeed
try, try a gun.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-04-02

That's q hot number" said the
steer as he was being branded.
Most auto accidents occur on
Saturdays and Sundays.-Its a great
life If You don't Weekend.
"stand behind your lover" said
the Scotchman to his unfaithful
wife, I'm going to shoot you both"
Mother: do you know what hap
pens to little boys who tell lies?"
Johnny: 'Yes, mother; they
travel for half-fare."
Even his best friend wouldn't tell
him so he flunked the exam.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-04-02
WEST kelvin POOL

Continued from Page Onel
possibly as a result of having been
pumped too hard at the beginning.
This well was spudded in De-
cember and shut down for financ-
ing after having validated the lease
in 2O-below zero weather. A fish
ing job and broken band wheel
shaft caused more delay but the
crews managed to average 140 feet
a day. Sunburst sand was at 1870
1715 and the Madison lime contact
at 2O29 where it had a showing
of one bailer Of oil, before acidiza-
ton.
The next completion in the new
pool will be the .Grant-Anderson in
NEA NEH 26-35-4W, which had
the top of the lime at 2075, with
but little oil, and continued to the
first break" at 2106 where there
was a show of oil, measurable in
gallons. Drilling cautiously, Grant
has gone into the pay Is inches
and will probably drill another six
inches before acidizing .Dowel, Inc,
of Shelby is testing the lime as he
proceeds, reporting increasing sol
utility with depth. Thus far ne
has had no water.
The third completion will be the
West Kevin-Community Fee we'll in
NEA NWH 3-34-4W, south and
west of the discovery well, which is
running casing to shut off water
at 1920.
Fifty-six Petroleum this week
started rigging up the first well
on the high" of the west structure,
on the Haywood farm, in c NWA
SWA 13-34-4W.
FISHING FOR BAILER
Shaw-Wa Petroleum company's
No. 1 Woods. in Elk Basin field,
is still fishing for lost bailer at
1850 feet 1t is north extension
test of the field.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-04-02
A LONG TIME INVESTMENT

mo longer is the encroachment OF
water into the oil and gas filled
part OF the reservoir considered as
an evil to be cOmbatted by devious
methods but rather a natural con-
sequence incident to the withdrawal
of oil and gas from the wells, that
may be used advantageOusly in
lengthening the flowing life OF wells
and increasing the economic recovery
of oil and gas.
Like an echo out of the recent prora-
ton hearing held in Montana comes the
foregoing paragraph from a report of
the U. s. Bureau of Mines. dealing with
problems relating to edgewater encroach-
ment in oil sands This publication,
written by F. G. Miller and H. c. Miller
of the U. S. B. M. says that natural gas
dissolved in and otherwise associated
under pressure with oil in reservoir rocks
is not the only source Of energy avail
able for moving of through sands to
wells In becoming "reservOir-energy
conscious" engineers have learned that
in many petroleum reservoirs the edge
water thanking the oil accumulation con-
stitutes a potential source of energy
capable, through proper control, of in
creasing Oil-recovery efficiencies mater
tally"
Continuing, the report says, Little is
water operates in driving oil through
reservoir rocks and there is a scarcity
of published information on rates of
movement of water that will result in
maximum oil recoveries. Bureau of
Mines engineers appreciate the paucity OF
scientific knowledge on the best methods
of applying the natural water drive to
increase oil-recovery efficiencies and are
initiating studies that will, they hope
contribute to the present small fund OF
information now available on the sub
ject."
The problem of water invasion in
Kevin-Sunburs field came in for lengthy
discussion during the recent hearing. E.
Byers Emrick advanced the theory that
the presence of water in the oil horizon
in this field is largely due to the prac-
tice of drilling to the first break in
the lime allowing water to come up from
the lower horizon into the oil horizon
He suggested that If such wells could
be nlugged it would save much pumping,
as it is now the practice of East Kelvin
Sunburst operators, to pump large water
wells with special equipment, believing
that to reduce the water means increased
production of OIL Mr.. Emrick was of
the opinion that the water invasion re-
suited in trapping the oil in the forma-
ton, in many cases reducing the ultimate
recovery, in the absence of adequate gas
pressure to propel the oil into drill holes
The government engineers agree with
the theory of the importance of main
tanning gas-oil ratios since high gas
OIL ratio leads not only to wastage of
gas but results in reduced recovery of oil
from the reservoir However, the force
Of the natural water drive can be used in
propelling oil to wells by producing the
fields at a sufficiently low rate that the
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-04-02

ter advance more rapidly thru the per-
meable sands, leaving oil confined and
trapped in the sands of lower permeabili-
ty. At slow rates of production, how
ever, the inteTfacial forces are opera
tive and water tends to enter and drive
the oil out of the pores of tightly packed
sand more easily and completely than
from the larger pore spaces in the ad-
jacent sand Consideration of the
molecular forces active in sands of diff
ferent personalities explains, at least in
part, why water and oil do not always
stratify in reservoir sands according to
their densities. The fact that the maxi
mum rise of oil or water in fine sand
is proportional to the effective pore ra-
dius of the sand may explain why edge
water tavels farther up dip in tight sands
than in more permeable sands when
differential pressures in reservoir sands
are reduced.
Water encroaching toward a well
usually can be detected by observing the
change in daily rate of production from
the we'll Normally, during the encon-
omic life of a well delivering clean oil,
the daily rates of oil production decreases
progressively and the gas-oil ratio in
creases. AS water approaches the well
there usually is a temporary sudden in
crease in oil production due to the local
effect of a natural water drive, ac-
companied soon after by the production
of a small amount of water Thereafter,
the water-to-oil ratio gradually increases
until finally the we'll produces mostly
water. showing that the oil-water inter-
face has moved past the well. The APP
proach of formation water also may be
noted by an increase in the temperature
of the oil produced
Among the examples given, the paper
recites that edgewater advanced at the
rate of 1852 feet per year in Salt Creek
field, Wyo. In East Texas the rate was
1872 feet per year of lateral movement.
One method suggested is to drill gas
wells on the top of the structure and to
locate all oil wells a short distance down
the dip from the gas-oil contact BY
returning all or most of the gas produc-
ed with the oil to the reservoir through
wells drilled into the gas-cap area and
by regulating oil-withdrawal rates so
that the reservoir pressure will be main
tanned at or near their original intensity
oil production and gas return can be
balanced. Thus oil recovery does not
depend upon the action of gas in driving
oil out of the pore spaces in the sand but
is contingent upon the superior flushing
action Of the encroaching edgewater driv-
ing oil up the dip of the structure to
the producing wells In his manner
back pressure can be maintained to pre-
vent premature water encroachment.
The publication warns operators against
allowing wells to flow wide OPEN or
pumping them at a very rapid rate, to
take potentials'' This results in water
advancing rapidly to form cones under
those wells unde1lain by water, and even
tually to prevent the entrance of oil to
the we'll
Imperial Valley press., 1938-06-23

BRAWLEY, June 23.-ASSurance
of an extension on BraWley's water
plant, without immediate expense
to the city, was included today in
approval of a $10,997 PWA allot-
ment announced in Washington
D. C.
Under previous plan, City En-
gineer Walter Hopkins said, the
city had expected to supply the bal
ance for the $25 900 extension, over
$13.500 advanced by the Migratory
Labor Camp here. The PWA allot-
ment, however, means the city will
have to pay only small amount,
he declared.
Bids were received on the eX-
tension Feb. 81, 1898, with the G.
E. Kerns company of Long Beach
low bidder. The extension would
give the Brawley plant a maximum
capacity of six million gallons each
"a hours, instead of the present
four million gallon capacity.
Funds advanced by the labor
camp, Hopkins explained, were to
cover water service for five years.
Imperial Valley press., 1938-06-23
Double Courtroom Staying Results
From Imperial County Land Deal

Hansen emptied a revolver into
Attorneys j. Irving Hancock and
r. d. Mclaughlin as they sat chat
ting in an almost empty courtroom
in the Hall of Records late yester-
day. They were killed instantly.
Hansen played the role of an inno-
cent onlooker for time, but final
ly confessed, when asked if he saw
the shooting.
See it?" he said, 81 did it,"
Sheriffs Capt. William Penprase
announced a murder complaint will
be asked against Hansen today, but
the farmer was unconcerned.
Il wanted to kill them, and I'm
glad did it" he said. They ruined
me-took everything I had, and
now I'm glad they're dead. Now
they cant hurt anybody else" Han
sen lost Imperial county land he
had never had chance to farm,
he said, through lawsuits.
The shooting threw the Hall
of Records into panic; judges
dismissed their juries and halted
trials, the litigants and jurors run
ming out to learn the cause of the
fusilade of shots. 1t occurred in
the courtroom of Commissioner
Continued on Page Q; Col. D
Imperial Valley press., 1938-06-23
Lodges Conduct
McCrory Funeral

Last rites for Deputy District
Attorney S. L. McCrory, 66, who
died Tuesday, were held at the
Lemons chapel at 10 am. Thursday
with Masons and Elks in charge.
Masonic services were read by
the Rev. Mr.. Floyd Johnson, pastor
of the First Methodist church, and
the Elks rites by Norman Deaton,
exalted ruler of the order Flowers
from friends and officials banked
the chapel, Immediately after the
funeral, the body was taken to San
Diego for cremation.
His survivors include his wife,
Mrs Fannie McCrory; and two sons,
Gillis of Los Angeles, and Vail OF
Phoenix.
The Imperial County Bar asso-
citation will conduct memorial SER
vices for McCrory in department
No. l of the superior court at 10:45
am. Friday. The services are open
to the public
Imperial Valley press., 1938-06-23

Fatal
De ath Toll Stands
At Ia This Year
In County

HOLTVILLE, June %. -
Deward Bradley, 21-year-Old
Holtville resident, was killed
at II pm. Wednesday in a
collision between his coupe
and a truck four miles northeast
of town.
His death brought the Imperial
county traffic death total this year
to Ia.
Jack Knight, 18, a passenger in
Bradley's coupe, is in the Valley
hospital suffering from conclusion
Of the brain, a lacerated scalp, and
an injured knee. He is expected
to recover.
A flat rack hay truck driven by
Continued on Page 2; Col. y
Imperial Valley press., 1938-06-23
Hatfield Makes Campaign Swing to
Valley; Will Speak Tonight

will give California a commission
or other body to mediate differ
ences between employers and en-
ployeS was emphasized by Hatfield
in his speech Wednesday, He is
expected to repeat this thought in
talks here.
One of the rallies planned in his
honor will be a free watermelon
feed at the fair goundS 7:30 pm
Thursday at which time Hatfield
will speak. From this meeting he
will go to the Babara Worth hotei
where he will address the Boys
State, gathering that will be at
tended by so or more Legion
naires as we'll as the boys, who are
leaving for Sacramento Friday to
attend their annual session. Fri
day morning a breakfast, which
will be attended by Supervisor B
M. Graham, G B. Smith, veteran
leader, Assemblyman Clarence
Walker and other prominent local
supporters of Hatfield, is being
planned
Imperial Valley press., 1938-06-23
America in Peril,
Rotarians Warned

Americas trend away from Con-
stitutional government with its
protective states rights is leading
the nation into the same kind OF
position that forced the old world
to turn to Nazism, Fascism, and
Communism, Raymond Haight, can
didate for governor warned Rotar-
ians Thursday.
Increased taxation, labor disputes
and tremendous waste caused by
a highly centralized government
leads to national breakdown and
a reversal of ideals, the speaker
said. Haight described his expert
ences in Germany and Italy last
year where prominent business and
professional men were not permit
ted to express an opinion or manage
their own affairs. He was a guest
OF Randall Henderson, chairman OF
of the day.
Imperial Valley press., 1938-06-23

celebratlon that began when Joe
Louis licked his only conqueror-
Max Schmeling.
Police patrol cars were pelted
with empty and half filled bottles.
One bus was stormed and set afire
and fights broke out at every corner
where men and women weren't hug
ging, kissing and swinging each
other in ecstatic dances.
Only at one point, after mid
night when the dead soldiers" lay
scattered whole and in glass frag-
ments by the thousands, did the
mob grow menacing A policeman
had arrested one belligerent cele-
brant and hundred Negroes gath
cred, muttering threats. Police re-
Inducements dispersed them.
The festivities we're marked by
the political and international i'm
plications which the people read
into the victory of their idol. Plac-
ards denouncing Nazism and FaS-
ciSm were everywhere. They pro-
claimed the Knockout a victory
for Democracy" and proof that
"Democracies must fight Fascism
everywhere"
Louis wins, Hitler weeps,' one
sign said.
DETROIT, June %. CUP)-The
streets of Detroits little Harlem
rang until dawn today with the
joyous shouts of Joe Louis most
loyal followers.
All of Paradise Valley, as the
Harlem section is referred to To-
cally, had a hangover.
GARY Ind, June %. CUP)-Po-
lice and firemen quelled a near
riot after the Louis Schmeling
fight last night when more than
1000 persons threatened three Ne
gro youths, suspects in the Shoot
ing of white woman
The trouble began when about "a
Negroes, celebrating Louis victory
drove their automobiles into a white
residential district. Several shots
were fired from one of the cars and
a bullet struck Mrs. Harry Nehring,
40.
CLEVELAND, June 90. CUP)-
Police and mob of Negroes fought
furiously in the Negro section last
night. Five civilians and three
policemen were injured.
Imperial Valley press., 1938-06-23

which would decide the price they
must pay for their adventure.
The boys-Lyla Tara, II, James
Henninger, II, and Bill Grace, 10
conducted their expedition, which
savored of the pirate tales they
enjoyed reading for more than
1000 miles down the west coast OF
the North American continent be-
fore making port in the face OF
a gathering tropical storm.
Quietly the Tira, which is owned
by Lew Foote, Well-to-do chain
store operator, slipped out of Santa
Cruz harbor the evening of May
25. Friends and relatives of the
boys had heard them talk often Of
sailing to the South Seas. When
it was discovered they and the
yacht had disappeared simultane-
ously, United States authorities
were notified.
For a week the coastguard con-
Quoted a widespread searh by sea
and air, but the Tira had vanished,
and since the youths had spoken
of Cocos island, far south in the
Pacific, it was believed the Tira
prov was pointed that direction.
Yesterday dark clouds saw the
trim craft making for a mooring.
An examination of the vessels pa
pers showed them to be out of order
and a few inquiries revealed a story
which seldom has been equalled in
recent sea history. The authorities
Continued on Page 2; Col. g
Imperial Valley press., 1938-06-23

should have been turned over to
the federal Surplus Commodities
Corporation for distribution to
needy jobless persons were includ-
ed in a coast morning papers edi-
torial.
Growers chiefly took exception
to an impression the editorial leaves
that the pillow under move was
sponsored by the federal govern
ment.
1--WE acted purely as individuals, "
Fred Bright commented. There was
no connection with the melon con-
troll committee"
Further comment came from
Glenn Phillips, secretary of the
Yuma Imperial Valley Melon Con-
troll committee, acting under the
department of Agriculture:
There is absolutely no connec-
ton, in any way shape or form
between the ploW under plan and
the prorate committee. Officially,
we take no cognizance of it and
actually we had nothing at all to
do with it,"
Evident confusion of the ploW
under move with activities of the
melon control committees that from
time to time has limited valley
shipments temporarily by banning
Continued on Page 2; Col. a.
Imperial Valley press., 1938-06-23
Official PLEDGES
Farln.fo.Market
Road Support

William T. Hart, state highway
commissioner, Thursday promised
his whole hearted support of any
reasonable program to further i'm
prove Imperial Valleys farm to
market roads
His hearty pledge of cooperation
was given in an interview at the
Barbara Worth hotel where he is
stopping while making a personal
tour of the valley to get first hand
information of local road and high
way problems.
Long close friend of the valley.
Commissioner Hart sought infor-
nation from various groups and
individuals. Among the Ell Centrans
with whom he conferred was H.
Continued on Page 2; Col. 81
Imperial Valley press., 1938-06-23

NEW YORK, j une %.
(UP)-Transactions on the
Stock Exchange crossed the
100000 share mark early
in the last hour today, max
ing this the largest day since last
December. Prices mounted So to
S14 a share. Today's sales were
larger than the total for all of last
week.
The market has risen steadily
in each of the four sessions this
week. At 2 pm the Dow-Jones in
dustrial average was up $3.50 a
share for today. Yesterday 1t gained
S2.65; on Tuesday, $273, and on
Monday, $5.38. The total gain so
far this week amounted to $14.65
in the average or nearly 13 per cent.
The sensational rise took Wall
Street by surprise. 1t was seen as
preliminary to general business
recovery of broad proportions. Signs
of this recovery are visible and the
barometers of industry such as
steel scrap prices and cotton textile
business are rising rapidly.
Gains were distributed in all
sections of the market They
brought the advances for the week
to as much as $22 a share in some
issues. Norfolk & Wester, which
rose S14 share today was up that
much from last Saturdays close
Other wide gains included:
American telephone at $142.50 up
$3.50 for today and up $13 from last
Saturday; Allied Chemical $168, up
Sc and $l9 respectively; Bethlehem
Steel $53.25 up SO and SO; Chrysler
$50, up $4.121a and $l1.871a; Du
Pont SIP, up SIS and $15.1219; East
man $168 up So and $1750; Gen.
eral Motors $35.25 up $1371A and
S637R; New York Central STATS
up SIPS and S4; Union Pacific
S7450 up $3.50 and S12; United
States Steel $51.25 up 1925 ano
1925; Westinghouse Electric $88 up
$425 and $13.1212 and Santa F'e
$32 up s2.87l2 and SIPS.
Imperial Valley press., 1938-06-23
50-year Terms
Given FiGpinos

Two Filipinos will spend so years
in San Quentin penitentiary for
robbing a Seeley rancher of $285
in December 1885 the state board
of prison terms ruled.
Arturo Antiporda and AnSelmo
Cabagbag shot T. Sagimoto through
the shoulder when he resisted their
order to hand over the payroll for
his ranch hands. The islanders were
sent to the penitentiary Jan. 2i,
1886.
The board set Austin HoSkins
term at five years. He was SEN
fenced in Imperial county for es-
Gaping from the county chain gang
while serving a sentence for petty
theft.
Imperial Valley press., 1938-06-23

Lieutenant-Governor George
Hatfield, candidate for the Repub-
lican nomination for governor,
will arrive in Ell Centre late
Thursday afternoon for a series of
conferences with former Senator
Ben Hulse and other prominent
Imperial Valley residents who are
sponsoring his candidacy.
While in Imperial Valley, Hat
field will make a study of drainage
and labor problems, which are of
vital interest to the residents of
this part of the state, Hulse said.
He will come here from San Diego,
where he addressed a large gath
ering of Republicans Wednesday
night on the need of economy in
state government.
Necessity for legislation which
Imperial Valley press., 1938-06-23

LOS ANGELES, June 23. (UP)-
Arthur Emil Hansen, big mild
eyed South Dakota farmer, who
shot down two lawyers in court
because he lost his money in law
suits about land in Imperial county,
puffed calmly at a corncob pipe in
Jail today and said Il still think
I did a good job; now they can't
ruin anyone else"
Imperial Valley press., 1938-06-23
Bows to Receive
State Training

Eighteen Imperial Valley boys
will receive preliminary training
for participation in the Boys State
in Sacramento next week, at a
banquet at the Barbara Worth
hotel Thursday night.
The boys will be guests of Amer
ican Legion posts. Federal, state,
county, and city officials will de-
scribe the functions of government
and tell the boys how to run for
office" at Sacramento. The boys
will leave Saturday morning for
Sacramento to join boys from all
parts of the state in setting up a
miniature nation.
Imperial Valley press., 1938-06-23

iiSiiG dlbtl AItAdIltltI O1OSSdll,
foreman at the printing plant. said
he found pornographic plates in
the plant which he understood
were used to reproduce French
pictures on the state printing
presses"
Crossan was seeking custody of
his 11-year-old son. Mrs. Virginia
Crossan Williams, mother of the
boy, married former State Senator
Dan Williams of Tuolumne coun-
ty six months ago in Carson City,
New, less than a year after di-
vorcing the printer in Reno, New
Chris d. Johnson, attorney rep
resenting the mother, introduced
as evidence 10 pornographic plates
and tried to show CroSsan had
left them in plain sight of his son.