davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1938-05-22

f220 and after the building was
declared completed on February 81,
l773, and delivered over to the vestry,
we find Col George Washington pur-
chasing pew No. S, for which he paid
s36 los, which was the highest price
paid.
THE first pastor assigned to Christ
Church was the Rev. Townsend
Dade, who was appointed in Deem
ber, 1765. and probably preached else
where for while, as this was prior
to the beginning Of the church. The
Rev. Mr.. West followed Mr.. Dade and
then came Rev. David Griffith, cele-
brated character in Revolutionary his
tory.
This patriotic divine was born in the
State Of New York. educated partly
there and partly in England. At first
he prepared himself for the medical
Evening star., 1938-05-22

dent III 1897 he was welcomed back
home with a reverence that can only
come from loyal and grateful people.
A S WE know, President Washington
died on December IA, 1899. He
was in Alexandria on Thursday, two
days before, apparently well and
strong. 1t was not until Sunday. De-
cember Is, that the news Of his death
arrived. and then the church bells
were tolled until his funeral three
days later. The tolling of the bells
continued night and day. and when
cne bellringer grew tired another took
his place. Those who loved Wash
ington most were those who knew
him best-and they were the people
of Alexandria.
Though Washington was not made
member of the Masonic order in
Alexandria, yet much of his Masonic
life had to do with this city, for on
April 25, 1888, he was designated by
Edmund Randolph, then Governor of
the commonwealth and grand master
of Masons of Virginia. as the first or
charter worshipful master of what is
now dria-Washington Lodge,
No. %. Apparently Washington was
a popular Mason. He received his
blue lodge degrees in Fredericksburg
Lodge. A. F. and A. NJ, of Fredericks-
burg. Va, in 1928, and was made
an honorary member of old Alex
andria Lodge, No. 80 then under the
Provincial Grand Lodge Of Pennsyl-
vania when that lodge was formed
in 1888.
When the Grand Lodge of Virginia
was instituted in 1778. Gen. Washing
ton was the first choice for grand
master. but declined it because he did
not think it was legal or right for
one to be elected to this high Office
who had never served as master or
warden of subordinate lodge Penn
sylvania, as early as $780, strongly
favored making Washington general
grand master, and subsequently even
went so far as to elect him to that
position, but. for lack of cooperation
from the other Jurisdictions, the mat
ter was dropped.
A CCORDING to Hayden, the
English Masons claim that WASH
ington was made member of the
Evening star., 1938-05-22

protest from the National Shorthand
Reporters Association, of which Hall
Etter of Houston. Tex, is president.
The burden of the argument of the
shorthand reporters was that no ma
chine has or ever will be invented to
replace the human brain.
Adoption of the proposed system"
the reporters complained, would en-
tail a tremendous and needless waste
of time. It would mean the virtual
retrial of the case before each appel
late tribunal.
"The issues of trials consuming
several weeks are narrowed down for
appeal purposes under present prac-
tice and argued before an appellate
court in a comparatively little time
and the necessity of listening to the
essential facts is eliminated.
Justice, instead of being speeded
up, would be- retarded.
Even on the assumption that only
portions of the trial would be lis
tened to by the appellate court in
diminution of the record, 1t would
involve the destruction Of the con-
tinuity of the original sound record
or, at best, a most costly and CUM
bersome procedure.
In the taking and preparation OF
the record today there are many hui
man factors to be considered, sight
of which is completely lost in the
proposed recordation of proceedings
electrically. These human factors
cannot be replaced, certainly not by
sound recording equipment.
mo machine can make a lawyer
speak clearly; no machine can force
witnesses to articulate plainly, or in
the case Of many of foreign extrac-
ton, to speak intelligibly: no con-
traption will prevent counsel, witness
and Judge from talking at the same
time in the heat of the trial.
"Although it is true that witnesses
now do utter unintelligible sounds,
Evening star., 1938-05-22

Court Reporters Fight Claim OF Economy
With Charge That No Machine Can
Replace Human Mind.

OPERATED by ordinary radio tubes,
this machine is little larger than
a portable typewriter and can be
carried by hand 1t is used by the
secret police in Germany and is in
stalled in some Offices for use in pre-
serving accurate records of commercial
orders by telephone. The device is
known as tetiphon.
Jesse Ward of the local shorthand
reporting firm told reporters the disk
recording device Of the type in use
at the commission is foolproof and
highly accurate in courtroom work.
1T reproduces what a man says
just as clearly as he speaks" he says,
"and receives the voice five times
clearer than the human ear can.
Small microphones are placed on
the table in front of each speaker. and
all sorts of voice-low or loud, deep
or high -pitched-are received out OF
extreme noises. The courtroom doesn't
have to be specially treated. We have
perfected an attachment on the ma
chine which cuts out every noise in
the courtroom except human voices.
THE man who operates the ma
chine in the courtroom whispers the
name of each speaker into mike for
identification purposes.
mo two voices are alike, so it really
is very easy for any one listening to
one of our records to tell the speakers
apart when several of them say some
thing almost at the same time.
"These machines are absolutely re-
liable. Each one of them is equipped
with duplicate parts SO If the first by
any chance fails to function, the Sec
ond will.
I'VE realized for many years the
great need for some sort OF robot
reporter, because it was very difficult
to hire enough expert shorthand re-
porters.
when a reporter loses a word. 1t
is gone forever. We can't go back and
pick it up. But if reporter is making
q written transcription from one OF
our records and fails to hear phrase
clearly, all he has to do Is to play
over that portion of the record"
As an example Of what occasionally
happens under the present method OF
recording court trials, Mr.. Ward
cited an incident which occurred in
Cambridge, Mass. One Harry o. Jones,
colored, was convicted of assault and
was sentenced to four years imprison-
ment in the Massachusetts, Peniten-
tiary.
After his conviction Jones took his
case to higher court. Subsequently
Alexander Gilbert, court reporter who
took the notes on the testimony at
the trial OF Jones, died. Other Ste
nographers were unable to decipher
Gilbert's notes and perfect a tram
script of the testimony at the trial
As q result the charges against Jones
were dropped and he went free.
Be that as 1t may. it is beginning
to look like sound recording in Amer
ican courtrooms soon will be here
to stay.
Evening star., 1938-05-22
Wax Records of Lower Court PROCEEDINGS
Are Designed to Speed Up Work
of Appellate Courts

would eventually eliminate the neces-
sity for printing voluminous records
on appeal. He pointed out that print
ing costs sometimes run into thou
sands of dollars and have been known
to exceed the amount of the judgment
in the cases at issue.
Almost any one will be able to
afford an appeal after we have sound
recording" Hobbs added. Justice
shouldn't depend on the longest
purse"
Mr.. Hobbs told the House sound
recording would enable appellate
judges to prevent miscarriages Of
justice.
On that point he elucidated:
HE printed page could never give
reader the change of pace in
the infection, the emphasis which so
often weigh more strongly with the
jury than anything else.
"A judge. charging the jury, can
but a man into the penitentiary
merely by accenting the but This
has happened hundreds of times.
"Of course, gentlemen of the jury"
judge may say. this defendant. as
every other defendant, comes into
court with the presumption of inno-
cence indulged by the law in his
favor, which attend him until it is
removed by evidence which convinces
your minds beyond reasonable doubt
Of his guilt.
But (smiting the bench with
clenched fist and assuming righteous
solemnity) if you have been so con-
vinced by the evidence in this case
then it becomes your solemn. sworn
duty to find this defendant guilty and
to impose such punishment as you
think his crime deserves within the
limits prescribed by law.
by a smile, shrug of the shoul-
ders, gesture with the hands, a
lifting of an eyebrow, the Judge may
just as effectualy charge the jury
for or against the Htigant as by the
spoken word-but without possibility
Of reversal because the printed page
cannot reflect actuality.
For the same reason, mechanical
recording will serve as deterrent
on the 'bulldozing' lawyer or the whis-
perer.
Another thought which you should
have is that mechanical recording
will do away with the frequent claim
that the reporter erred and mis-
quoted.
Then, too, it will safeguard against
the occasional honest mistakes of the
best reporters and the many mistakes
of incompetent ones.
by passing this bill today the
House will be taking a long step to-
ward the goal we all desire to reach
in the better. more expeditions and
less costly administration Of justice
i in our courts. The experiment au-
thorized by this bill may be his
torical."
lWH1E no member Of the House
w took the floor in opposition to
the Hobbs bill, Representative Eman-
uel Cellers, Democrat. OF New Yoex
did insert in the record q 2,000-woro
Evening star., 1938-05-22

profession and, having taken his de-
gree in London. spent several years
in the practice of the healing art in
the interior Of his native State. His
mind, however. turning to the minis
try of the everlasting gospel. he again
crossed the ocean, was ordained in
London, AID. ITO, by Bishop Terrick.
returned to America and. after brief
service as a missionary in Gloucester
County. N j., was installed as rector
Of Shelbourne parish. Loudoun Coun-
ty. Va, AID. It'll. Here he continued
till the year 1776, when he went forth
to share the hardships and dangers
of the camp and battlefield chaplain
of the Sd Virginia Regiment.
In speaking of this noted preach
er. George Washington Parke Gus
tis tells this story about the battle OF
Evening star., 1938-05-22
By VernQ Phillips.

r ldE near future II may be pos
Sible to look in on the members
of the United States Supreme
} Court and find them all listening
to phonograph.
At any rate, bill to authorize a
test in a local court on devices for
recording the voices of witnesses so
that appellate court judges can
evalue their testimony. was passed
by the House last month and now
is awaiting action by the Senate.
This proposal originated with a
comparative newcomer to Washington,
Representative Sam Hobbs, Democrat,
of Alabama, himself a former judge.
His idea, in a word, is to find out
whether it would be feasible to make
sound recordings of lower court pro-
ceedings so as to speed up the work
of the appellate courts.
If the Hobbs bill becomes law the
voices of witnesses. attorneys and
judges at trials in the United States
District Court may be reproduced in
the District of Columbia Court OF
Appeals and in the august marble
halls of the United States Supreme
Court
In winning favorable House action
without dissenting voice, Hobbs ar
gued sound recording would prove a
valuable time-saving factor in the
administration of justice.
AT present" he explained, go to
80 days is allowed for preparation of
bill of exceptions.
Then the remainder of six-month
+ period is the usual time within which
an appeal may be effected. Therefore
several months are consumed, usually,
| in the preparation and printing of the
| record
The direct method of sound record
| ing means method without need
for development or other intermediate
stages to make the record ready for
reproduction.
THE magnetic needle Immediately
writes its message on a steel tape
and instantly these sounds are ready
to be reproduced.
"A DIAMOND needle scratches the
- surface of a film creating q
sound track, and in split second
it is ready to recreate the sounds
which have thereby been recorded per-
manently. Another needle scratches
on revolving disk and thereby
permanently records sounds imme.
diately.
While the trial is fresh in the
minds Of court and counsel the sounds
may be reproduced, and those parts
agreed upon for transmission to the
appellate courts may be sent up i'm
mediately. The case may then bt
argued in the appellate court while
the issues still are fresh in the mind,
of counsel
Instead of a years delay it is con.
ceivable that an appellate court might
hear a case within a week after II
has been tried in q lower court. L
this be even approximated 1t will Ger.
tainly tend to decrease criticism o.
the laws delayl"
| Mr.. Hobbs predicted sound recording
Evening star., 1938-05-22

the court reporters ear, trained to
such emergencies. transforms those
sounds into words without court or
counsel being aware of any difficulty.
Motion picture sound studies are
selected with the utmost care and
constructed at heavy expense so that
extraneous noises will not spoil the
film. Courtrooms are not so located
or constructed"
EXPERIENCED shorthand report
ers, the memorandum pointed
out know how to deal with such
problems as lawyers who make false
starts or fail to complete sentences.
Movie actors and radio announc-
ers," the reporters added, "are trained
in diction. A slip of the tongue in
the movies, an extraneous noise and
the scene has to be shot over again.
Will cases have to be tried again for
the same reason?"
The memorandum further pointed
OuU tkl6bk tA4C CAVCA191vC u0O Va oOAAASA
recording devices in the courtroom
would add several thousand persons
to the army of the unemployed. In
cluded would be court reporters. die
taphone operators. typists. Office as
sistants, law printers and persons Or
dinarily employed by paper, carbon,
notebook and general stationery estab-
lishments
Concerning hilarious situations
which might arise through use of the
recording machines, the memoran-
dunn added:
"'Pun down the window Get me
some water Mr.. Smith is waiting
for you In chambers Take of your
hat etc., will be interspersed on the
sound record for the enlightenment
of the appellate court.
The constant repetition OF ques-
tions to 0 witness who Is hard OF
hearing will appear in the sound rec
Evening star., 1938-05-22

WHEN the warning became known
w in the army, it created many
conjectures as to the sources from
whence the chaplain acquired his in
formation. Nothing ever transpired.
and the secret died. while the mystery
remains to the present time.
THE conduct of Gen. Lee in the bat
tie Of Monmouth very fairly justified
the warning of the chaplain. 1t is
certain that the grave and skillful
commander had no leaning toward
the enemy, but it is thought that he
expected by throwing things into con-
fusion to lessen the merits of WASH
ington in the public estimation and
Evening star., 1938-05-22

ord with a What's that?' and I beg
your pardon.
The court reporter notes that a
witness has failed to answer vocally
because he mods. On the machine
no record will be made of such fail
ure."
As his ultimate goal in bringing
science to the courtroom, Mr.. Hobbs
hopes to have all trials recorded by
talking movies so that appellate court
Judges may obtain true picture of
the hearings in courts of original
Jurisdiction. About two years ago he
introduced a bill to authorize a test
of courtroom talking pictures.
In cooperation with international
laboratories, however, he conducted
experiments which convinced him the
cost of filming courtroom movies
would be prohibitive. g, Conversely
tests before quasi judicial bodies in
dicated that the expense Of recording
voices alone at trials wouldn't be ex-
cessive.
THE Federal Communications Com
mission has for number OF years
been the proving ground for the best
known American-invented device for
recording the human voice. Powered
by electricity, their sound-recording
machine. operated by one technician
is q boxlike affair which looks like q
small telephone switchboard.
Voices of the witness and other
participants in commission hearings
are picked up by microphones scat
tered about the room. The tones are
recorded on a wax record similar to
those used to make phonograph rec
ords. Each of these records is about
three times the size in circumference
of phonograph records played in the
home. These records will record some
1000 words and can be played vlr-
tually unlimited number of times.
After the hearings stenographers
play the records and make written
Transcripts when desired. The voices
can be heard either through earphones
VI AOOusSkSCoAOAc'
incidentally. when the sound-re-
cording machine first was introduced
at the commission, some lawyers and
other persons suffered attacks OF
mike" fright and were opposed to
their use. Before long, however, all
of the participants in the hearing be-
came accustomed to the apparatus and
began to regard it as q distinct I'M
provement over the stenographic
method of recording.
The bill further provides that the
test shall be conducted through the
cooperation of procurement division
of the Treasury Department.
Just in passing, Mr.. Hobbs expects
the film method ultimately will be
followed in reproducing courtroom
proceedings, although the acetate-dlsk
system may be used at first.
He called attention to Department
of Commerce reports telling OF the
use in Germany Of device which can
record Q speech lasting q whole day
on one strip less than q foot long,
which makes possible instant repro
duction for as many as 1000 times.
Evening star., 1938-05-22

thus himself aspire to the command
of the army
The interview between the generals
has been but imperfectly narrated by
the chroniclers of the events of the
heroic age. We have our relation from
the venerable James Craik. who, as
physician-general to the staff, was al
ways in the suite Of the commander
in chief in the monument Of battle. He
said: The meeting was abrupt. When
Washington, with warmth, demanded
of the major general why the advanced
Evening star., 1938-05-22

guard OF the army was in retreat be-
fore the enemy, having made little or
no resistance, Lee replied in language
explanatory, but decorous and officer
like. The Chief then said, will you,
sir, command on this ground?" To
which Lee replied, Your Excellency's
Evening star., 1938-05-22

orders shall be obeyed and I will be
among the last to leave the field"
"PUT the poetry of this memorable
interview was in the chivalric ar
dor Of Alexander Hamilton. He sprung
from his horse, and leaving the ami
NAL to itself, drew his sword and, ad-
dressing the Chief. said: General, we
are betrayed, and the moment has
arrived when every true friend Of this
country should be prepared to die in
her defense Washington, though in
Evening star., 1938-05-22

VXYH1IE no member of the House
w took the floor in opposition TO
the Hobbs bill, Representative Eman-
uel Cellers. Democrat. OF New YORK
did insert in the record q 2,000-word
The Washington times., 1938-07-18
BY ED SULLIVAN
Looking Glass
HOLLYWOOD, July II.


NORMA sEARERs pals very Crawford
Joan arrived late premiere
Olivia de Havand reading letter from Brian Aherne
Walter Haggerty pal of Sam H Harris with George White
tearing herring enthusiastic
syb Redmond fine actress with the Somerset
Of the bgges of the Studio police is NJ Coppo
Karloff with his hair crled For part in Devils Island"
Carson with Eddie Albert Mary Carlisle and jimmy
Bakeley interested in other. Sudden thought
Howard Hughes didn't even send send me postcard
EYE INFECTIONS colony worried {. Jack
and causing sreptocOccic Infection
Clark Gable. ROping calves his place Gable
morning, his tight and entire head
baOOned Skin specialists nothing Sorry
full they'll reconsider Margaret Lindsay with Bob Abbott
Lana Turner gazing sOulfulIy at Greg Bautzer Harry
Ritz Hollywood rolls his traffic the
stares at him in amazement, thinking he's
the the Harvest Moon dancers at Loew State Sept to IS all
tiOns Strand is dickering for the Ritz Brothers.
PHI. HARRIS join hubby at Kansas City
Dorothy Morris arm armng with Ronald Reagan. Fay
from chair No. in the MaM barber shop sitting with franchot
Tone his box at mgewood Reason The barber owned the
asked him from box
the $50 trimmed again. cracked Franchot
both tonic for those gags maybe
What's this with Pat De Cicco and Hedy La Mari? Carmel
Myers and Ralph Blum appaudng Margaret Padua at
Lamazes. The spreckels girl with Eddie Maier.
MOVIE PARADOXES Big banquet filmed right
after lunch The extras and actors aren't hungry then and
don't eat much valuable food Fog filmed
clear days with artificial OtOgraphs better Out
moonlight n daytime
moonlight fOtOgraphs badly.
fight phoHy. Real fights look faxed
effective liner made dry land in studio
much BuCkshot fOtOgrahs better than caviar which doesn't
like Cello ea looks like like ice
look Real grass doesn't Telegraph enough.
The Washington times., 1938-07-18
"Going Native"
Due in August

The question frequently asked
of the Loew's Capitol manage
ment in recent weeks, will
there be a Going Native revue
this year." is answered affirma-
lively by Loew's Division Man
ager Carter Barron and the
Capitol's new manager, Howard
Burkhardt.
While the actual date, the
matter of a producer, dance di-
rector and other such important
details have not yet been de-
cided, it is announced with
definiteness that some time in
August the sixth annual Going
Native" revue will be unfolded
on the Capitol Theater stage.
Produced for the first time in
1888, Going Native" has given
many talented aspirants a
healthy boost up the ladder of
fame, and for some of Wash
ington's more talented has been
instrumental in bringing right
to fame's door. Arthur Godfrey,
Arch Macdonald, Gordon Hit
tenmark, three of Washington's
most popular radio personalities
today; Evelyn Tyner, Brooks
Johns, Marjorie Mitchell, Fran
ces RandS, Julia Cunningham,
Elvira Sessions, Susan Hall,
Johnnie Barnes, Bill Brady,
Horace Hunnicutt, Arthur Reil-
ly, Henry Nestor are among
Going Native" graduates who
have carved for themselves a
healthy niche in the business Of
entertaining.
The Capitol management sin
cerely believes, as events have
proved, that Going Native" is
the "open sesame" for Wash
ingtonianS who aspire to a the
atrical career. Applications for
this years revue may now be
obtained at the Capitol, Palace
and Columbia Theaters or from
any of the local dramatic
critics. Any one from Is to 60 is
eligible. Every type of talent is
sought.
The Washington times., 1938-07-18
Choce Dancers
AtSy|von

Terpsichore will have her only
innings at the National Sylvan
Theater this summer on Tuesday
night of this week, July 10, when
Marian Chace and her dancers
will appear in a fascinating Sc
ries of numbers.
These were created largely
just for this out-of-doorS pro-
gram on the Monument slopes,
with colorful and alluring cos
tunes, and with Harold Sny-
der'S always imaginative stage
lighting to set off to advantage
the moods of the dances.
Miss Chace herself will be seen
in three solos, a stylized Pavanne
to music by Handel done in true
medieval manner: a Brahms
rhapsody; and the Adagio Can
table, by Beethoven. Mary Will
liams in a Chopin Mazurka; Jo-
anne Leasure in Sibelius' Valse
Triste. and a duo by Louise Ma
gel and Ann Green, called Pre-
Judge to Tragedy" to music by
Scriabin-will highlight the pro-
gram, which will be offered in
three main parts, one of which
is a new ballet, I'm the Court of
Herod" created by Miss Chace
for the recent outdoor pageant
THE Prince of Peace"