davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1938-04-12

expense Of other roads and at the ex-
pense OF the stockholders as well as
the general public.
Protected by Commission.
Railroad presidents complain that
they have to operate within the strait
jacket OF the I. G. c. But If you ask
railroad managements. as I have,
whether they would care to abolish
the commission rate making power,
they would say. emphatically. mo"
1t Is the last thing Jfey want. They
know that only the commission pro-
tects them from cutthroat competition.
repeat, the future Is not as black
as pictured by many pessimistic per-
sons. Uneconpmic practices in the
operation Of railroads must go, direct
economies must be effected, wastes
eliminated, and control must be lodged
with those actually in charge Of the
operations. Through orderly processes
unsound financial structures must be
rendered healthy. Tho railroads are
regulated. Competition from unregu.
lated carriers. whether they be air
motor or water, has reduced railroad
revenues. If we are to continue tn.
regulation Of railroads, we should regu.
late their competitors. There are many
other factors, but those I have men.
toned are more or less susceptible Il
cure. Much railroad legislation In thu
past has been both cumbersome anc
complex. In the future it must bt
simple and effective. It should be In.
Evening star., 1938-04-12

out. Even to eliminate half of it
would save only about $3.50 900, 900 a
year and the roads need far more
economies than that.
Since reduction in fixed charges
will not balance revenue and ex-
penses, 1t becomes necessary to effect
economies In operating charges
wastes Of the stockholders money in
buying stock Of other railroads or. of
other corporations at exorbitantly
high prices as the testimony showed;
wastes in the purchase Of mate.
rials and supplies at monopolistic
prices: wastes In the purchase Of
property at such high prices that
they must be considered as amounting
to. and as intended in fact to be,
rebates; wastes in activities outside the
movement Of passengers and freight
all these direct wastes Of funds must
be eliminated and other economies
Of operation effected.
There is one very peculiar fea-
ture about railroad operations and
that is the way their traffic Is routed.
If you were being paid fixed rate
to drive your own private automobile,
say from Chicago to New Orleans, you
would not swing as far west as Kansas
City to get to New Orleans. You would
know that 1t would cost you much
more. you would Use more oil and gas.
You would have more wear and tear
on your tires and car.
However, in railroad operations,
such common sense does not seem to
apply. If you were a railroad you
would move lumber from Oregon to
Chicago by hauling 1t via El Paso, Tex,
but you would not do 1t If you were
driving a truck.
Use Costly Routes.
AS the railroads now operate, freight
moves by thousands Of such indirect.
costly routes. To be sure, whether it
moves one way or another way it costs
the shippers the same between the
same two points. but it obviously costs
the railroads as whole far more than
If 1t always moved directly over the
cheapest route. Every day freight
moves by the most absurd route at
great expense to the railroad industry
as a whole. Each individual railroad
through It's traffic solicitors is con-
stantly engaged in the expensive proc
ess OF trying to get more freight to
misroute in this fashion. 1t is not
surprising that an industry is kept in
the red when it constantly spends
large sums which simply increase
operating expenses.
Uneconomic routing in itself is
costly. but the power to dictate the
route that freight is to take. whether
over one railroad or over some rival
railroad. gives few great shippers
Evening star., 1938-04-12

trophe alone. serious though that is.
Among the most serious aspects. to my
mind. is the increasing unemployment
of railroad men. In the past nine years
100000 men have lost their jobs on the
railroads. More are being dropped
every day and there is no end in sight
To continue the railroad situation that
we now have is not only to invite finan-
ella catastrophe. but to guarantee
ever-increaslng unemployment with
railroads. One of the most pressing
reasons why Congress must take ac-
ton to improve the railroad situation
is to procure as much re-employment
of railway workers as possible and on
permanent basis.
The railroads are no different from
you, When you can't pay the interest
on your mortgage, it is foreclosed The
Government doesn't loan you money to
pay your interest. When the railroads
Evening star., 1938-04-12

can't pay their interest they should be
reorganiSed and their debt structure
cut down. If the Government stops
making foolish loans. few overcapi-
talized systems will fall of their own
weight and be reorganized-I hope on
a sound basis. Some have belonged
there for years and the sooner they go
the better for the economic health Of
the country, No one will lose by it
since securities are already selling at
bankruptcy prices No working men
will be forced out of work and the rail-
roads will keep on rllnning-and it will
improve the prospect.
Not Enough.
But this scaling of the fixed charges
is not enough to save the railroads.
After all. the total flxed charges are
less than Is per cent of the operating
expenses and no one thinks that all
railroad debt could or should be wiped
Evening star., 1938-04-12

tegrated into . pattern Of railway re.
covery and not merely deal with past
crimes and past abuses. 1t must look
forward.
Solutions Invited.
In closing I wish to add one word
about my personal position. Some
railroad presidents and most railroad
bankers have accused me OF being
pre1udiced against railroads and bank
ers. II I am. 1t is because I have
observed 80 many dubious and costly
transactions by railroads which were
forced upon them for selfish reasons
by railroad managements and bankers.
But at this moment If any one-rail-
road official, union, shipper, banker.
private person or even a politician
has a better solution to this very
complex railroad problem I would be
glad to adopt 1t. No thinking people
(See FORUM, Page A-l4)
Evening star., 1938-04-12

(See FORUM, Page A-l4.)
The Nome nugget., 1938-01-07

Leaving Nome on short busi- ness trip in connection with the U. s. Smelling, Refining and Min ing Go. Nome Dept, will be Man ager A. M. Hartford accompanied by Dick Ludwig, who have been called 10 the company offices at Salt Lake, Jerry Harney will be in charge of the company's ac- tivities in Nome during the ab- sence of Manager Hartford, who states that he may be gone for about two months. They are awaiting the PAA mail plane, which according to last reports was held at Nulato by weather.
The Nome nugget., 1938-01-07
Will Rearrange Train Schedules
 For Next Year

SEATTLE, Jan. 6, P)-Colonel Ohlson, who is enroute to Wash ington, D. C., said that the Alas ka Railroad and the Alaska s. s. Company would rearrange their schedules next summer in such a way as to lop off four days in travelling time between Seattle and Mckinley National Park in Alaska, and that the Alaska Rail road would run a Special Express train from Anchorage to the Park entrance in twelve hours.
 Heretofore the trip has been a day and half with an overnight stop at Curry Hotel. Colonel Ohlson said he believed that the steamship company would main tain faster schedules on the north ward routes by emitting numer- ous cannery stops.
The Nome nugget., 1938-01-07

eral confusion by losing track of the outs in the third inning.
 Next weeks games, Wednes- day, Jan. 12, will see the Cham pion Hammons pitted against the winning Alaskans; and the Fed erals will entertain the Conner cials.
 The lineups of the rival teams will appear in Mondays paper.
The Nome nugget., 1938-01-07
Budget Message Forecasts New
 Deficit High
By The Associated Press,

fBY The Associated PreSSl
 WASHINGTON, D. C., Jan. 5, When the Presid mt sent to Con- gress his budget message it con tained a projected new billion dollar treasury deficit. The new public debt peak, despite estima- tes of lesser spending in his fore cast, for 1889 fiscal year, contem- plated a five hundred and thirty nine million dollars cut in govern ment outlays, but conditioned re- ductions on thz upturn in busi- ness and national defense re- quirements, 10 obtain next years estimated spending slash.
 The President cut the estimates for Relief Recovery to one billion one hundred and thirty eight mil lion three hundred and four thou sand dollars down to eight hun dred and forty-one million, three hundred and fifty six thousand, six hundred dollars from this years figures.
 The President asked an in- crease of thirty four million three hundred thousand dollars to bring National Defense spending up to a record peace time level of nine hundred ninety-one million, three hundred thousand dollars in 1889.
 President Roosevelt made no effort to conceal his disappoint- ment over tax receipts, and told Congress that the outlook had been changed by the recent re- cession in business
 Estimates for National Defense expenditures and projected in- creases for both the Naval and Military establishments, who re- Quested the sum of nine hundred and eighty eight million, six hun dred and twenty-three thousand dollars in new funds for both the Army and Navy, represents an increase of fifty four million eight hundred and forty seven thousand dollars over the regalar appropriations for the csrre.:: fiscal year ending June 50.n.
The Nome nugget., 1938-01-07

Mrs. Isadore Fix, nee Edna Christofferson, wrote recently to friends in Nome, about her fath- CT, MT. William Bessner's pass ing to the great beyond on Dec. 9th last One son, William Bess- ner Jr., Well-known Nomeite and engineer of Ira Ranks boat Ira der, also was present with Mir and Mrs. Fix when the Angel of Death summoned the 8l-year- old resident of Vancouver, Washing ton, (his home for many years) The many friends of Mrs. Fix and her brother, in Nome, take this means of extending their sympathy, during this their hour of sorrow.
The Nome nugget., 1938-01-07
DEMOCRATS ATTENTION

In accordance with . call issued by the Chairman of tho Demo- cratic Central Committee, a meeting of the Nome Demo- cratic Club is hereby called to convene at Nome, Alaska, at 8 P. M. Thursday, January 18th, 1888 at the City Hall. The objects for which this meeting is called are as follows:
 To lay out a plan of action for the coming campaign:
 To appoint committees to ar range for the filing of names of candidates for the Primary Elec- ton:
 To adopt platform:
 To consider such other and fur ther business as may properly come before the Club.
 The meeting is open to all dem- ocrats, and anyone who intends to vote the democratic ticket or wish to join the Club.
 HOWARD LYING,
 Territorial Committeeman.
The Nome nugget., 1938-01-07

The Nome Republican Club at it's meeting the forepart of the week, began in earnest to get under way for the forthcoming Primary Election in April. Re- presentatives to the Republican convention to be held at Juneau were appointed, as well as a com mittee to rustic candidates for nomination in the primary. It was also learned that the Divi- sional chairman has already ap- pointed precinct chairmen in the outlying sections. Another meet ing is to be called for the last of this month.
The Nome nugget., 1938-01-07
of Navy Stated Program
 Be Expansive
(By The Associated Press)

WASHINGTON, D. C., Jan. T. Admiral William D. Leahy said that the Presidents forthcoming message on the Naval policy tact will be" for basic expansion of the fleet, and the fifth ship build ing program undertaken since the world war. This will be in addition to the regular program and calls for funds to begin work immediately on one group of new Warships.
 Admiral Leahy added, the gov ernment's existing policy author izes an orderly construction to provide that in 1922 the United States fleet shall be the full strength permitted by treaties, which are now lapsed.
The Nome nugget., 1938-01-07

The opening games of the win ter baseball season were played "Wednesday night before the Us ual crowd of fans
 In the first game of the even ing the Hammons proved too powerful for the Federals and won by lopsided score of 18-7.
 The second gams was wierl affair between the Commercials and Alaskans and was marked by the excellent pitching and the clever base running of the Alas kans and the inability of the Commercials to figure out what was happening.
 Score keepers added to the gen.
The Nome nugget., 1938-01-07

Enroute to Nome aboard the Pacific Alaska Airways mail plane. which is weather bound at Nulato, is Hilky Robinson, form CT well known business man of Candle, but who has with his family been residing at Seattle for the past few years. It is re- ported that MT. Robinson will be associated again with his old partner Herbert Greenberg, now running the Nome Liquor Store,
The Nome nugget., 1938-01-07

Agent Bassett stated this after noon that the PAA mail plane is delayed by bad weather at Nulato and will not arrive here today.
The Nome nugget., 1938-01-07
NEWS ITEMS

Pilot Sig Wien of the WAA., returned to his Nome base today from Golovin.
Evening star., 1938-07-29
RIVER IS DRAGGED
FOR BODY OF BOY
John Osborne, 10, browns
on Sunday School Picnic
at Marshall Hall.

The Potomac River was being
dragged at Marshall Hall today for the
body of l0-year-old John Osborne, jr.,
of Alexandria, who tumbled from the
wharf and drowned late yesterday
while attending a picnic of the Del
Ray Baptist Church Sunday School
The tragedy occurred 80 minutes be-
fore the arrival of the steamer for
which John and group of friends
were waiting preparatory to returning
to their homes.
The boy. who was the son of John
Osborne, 2l4 West Windsor avenue.
Alexandria, an employe of the Gov
ernment's central heating plant in
Washington. was holding a stick over
the dock, pretending to fish, when he
fell.
William Ale, 10, of the 100 block of
Gusts avenue, Alexandria, and two
employees of the Marshall Hall amuse-
ment park, plunged into the water,
which is about % feet deep at that
point, but were unable to effect a
rescue.
Evening star., 1938-07-29
LABOR BOARD ASKS
men BE RETIRED
Even Though Contract Broken, It
Puts Blame on Firm for
Unfair Practice.
By the Associated Press.


BY the Associated Press.
The National Labor Relations Board
contended yesterday in petition filed
with the Supreme Court that men who
strike in connection with q labor dis
pute retain the status Of employees even
though under contract not to strike.
The board asked the court to uphold
a board order directing the Columbian
Enameling & Stamping Co., Inc, of
Terre Haute, Ind, to re-employ $50
workers who struck in March, 1885.
A contract was then in effect be-
tween the company and union EN-.
ployes whereby disputes were to be
submitted to arbitration.
The basis for the reinstatement
order was finding by the board that
the company had committed an unfair
labor practice before the strike started
by refusing to bargain with the union.
A decision by the Seventh Circuit
Court at Chicago, from which the
board appealed, said the employees had
gone on strike in violation of the
agreement and had thereby completely
severed the employment relation and
ended all obligation Of the company to
bargain with the union representatives.
II said the company had engaged
IN an open, defiant flouting of the
law OF the land" but that the en-
ployes, because of their action, were
barred from obtaining relief against
the company"
Evening star., 1938-07-29
CAMPS TO REMAIN
|. 0PENALL SUMMER
Family Service Managers
Confident of Further
Public Support.

The board of managers of the
Family Service Association, which
operates Camps Good Will and Pleas
ant, yesterday voted to keep the camps
open for the summer, despite the fact
81 900 must still be raised to meet the
$4,000 necessary to run the camps.
In a statement issued after the spe-
cial meeting. the board said:
Based on the response thus far, the
board felt so confident that additional
contributions will be received that it
has authorized William H. Savin, di-
rector Of the Family Service Associa-
ton, to continue the camps in full
operation during the remainder of the
season."
The board also thanked the people
of Washington "for their splendid re-
sponse to the announcement last week
that there was grave danger of hav-
ing to close the camps because of
shortage of funds"
Contributions received today have
brought the total to $3.585.9l. From
this amount, $2400 was taken this
week to send 240 children to camp.
The next group will leave August g.
The following contributions were re-
l,,r
Evening star., 1938-07-29
Invalid Proves Recovery,

An invalid II years ago, Grand
mother Mrs. Kitty O'Sullivan walked
0ol miles from Lands End to John
O. Groats. in England, in "a days. and
at 81 has decided to take UP f1ying.
Evening star., 1938-07-29

McAdo0 Asks Probe.
SAN FRANCISCO, July 20 LR-
Senator William Gibbs McAdoo ves-
Evening star., 1938-07-29
BLACkFRIARS' GUILD
URGES STAGE ART
Drama Always Declines When
Morality Is Disregarded,' Group
Says, Ending Session.

With the declaration that drama
has always declined when the theater
disregards art and morality" and
adoption of slogan, ITO Save
Drama" the Blackfriars Guild, ma
tional Catholic drama group, yester-
day closed its first annual convention
on the campus of Catholic University.
The Rev. Urban Nagle, o. p, Phi. D.,
who founded the Blackfriars here six
years ago, was elected director gen.
eral. To serve with him as honorary
members Of the Board of Directors will
be the Rev. Thomas F. Carey, o. P;
the Rev. Walter A. Murtaugh, o. p,
and the Rev. Grendan Larnen, O. P,
OF the Dominican House of Studies,
Brookland.
First assistant director general is
the Rev. J. S. Randall of Rochester,
N. Y; second assistant director gen.
eral, Norman Griffith of PHILADELPHIA.
and secretary treasurer, Father Larnen.
The newly adopted constitution of
the Blackfriars sets forth as the DUR
pose of the group: ITO save drama
censorship is negative the
only great theaters today are those
winch are cause minded"
Evening star., 1938-07-29
Scientists
Continued From First Page.)

Michigan, Baylor and Columbia Uni
versities from 1919 to 1927. The fol-
lowing three years were spent in
Puerto Rico, whence he joined George
Washington University in 1881.
DR.. Mckinley, who is 43. lives at
2101 Connecticut avenue with his wife
and two children.
Long in Government Service.
DR. Meier, graduate of Harvard,
who took his masters degree in 1917,
has been with the Department Of Ag-
riculture since 1915. From 1880 to
1884 he served as principal patholo-
gist with the Bureau of Plant Industry
and since had been a senior scientist
in the extension service.
He is the author of many books and
pamphlets on the subject of plant
pathology. Recently he conducted a
number Of experiments to determine
the part played by air currents at
high attitudes in the distribution of
microscopic life.
DR.. Meier, who is IS, lives at 6402
beechWood drive, Chevy Chase, Nd.
with his wife.
Used "Air Hook"
In collecting disease germs and
minute plant parasites that float in
air currents at great heights, the
scientists were using an "air hook" a
device perfected by DR.. Meier in COL
laboration with Col. Charles A. Lind
bergh.
Spores collected on airplanes and
dirigibles already have given some
information regarding the aerial
movement of fungi and bacteria that
cause such diseases as black-stem rust
OF grain, white pine blister rust. cedar
rust OF apples and downy onion mil
dew.
DR.. Meier has predicted that ex-
panded archaeological research should
assist students in the search for more
effective methods for checking hav
fever and other allergic ailments and
in charting the movement through
the air of insects which not only carry
disease but which prey upon mammal.
and plants.
Evening star., 1938-07-29
DEMOCRATS TO HOLD
ANNUAL STAG OUTING

The Young Mems Democratic Club
OF Prlnce Georges County will hold its
annual stag outing at 2 pm. tomor-
row at Glebe Heights in Anne Arundel
County.
J. Robert Sherwood, organizatio
president, said arrangements had been
made to serve a shrimp and crab
dinner. accompanied by entertain
ment and music.
Caravans will leave from the Bla-
densburg Peace Cross and the Upper
Marlboro Courthouse about 80 nm
for the outing grounds.
John A. johnson is general chair
man OF the event, assisted by William
A. Carson, w. Waverly Webb, Leo w.
Dunn. Frank Fierstein, Arnett Cord,
Ernest Maier and Henry p. Robinson.
Evening star., 1938-07-29
CANDIDATE SEES
TENNESSEE GAG
Neal Asks Senate Probe
Of Alleged Attempt to
Close Radio.
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press
NASHVILLE, Tenn, July 29.-
The Senate Campaign Expenditures
Committee, which reported question:
able devices" had been employed in
Tennessee's senatorial race, was called
upon today to investigate charges that
an attempt had been made Ito throt-
tie free speech on the part of can
didates
DR.. John r. Neal, himself a candi-
date for the Democratic nomination
in the August 4 primary, telegraphed
the committee "a ranking Tennessee
Federal ofdceholder has endeavored
to close various radio stations to SEN
atorial candidates and others whom
he suspects would criticize Memphis
situation over radio"
The committee, after receiving COM
plants from DR.. Neal earlier this
month that Federal officials and en-
ployes were being "intimidated" and
"coerced" into contributing funds for
support of his opposition, sent an in
vestigator into the State.
Schemes" Charged.
Later, the committee said In a
statement that every scheme and
questionable device that can be used"
for raising funds and influencing votes
appeared to be in use in the pri-
mary.
DR.. Neal. who leveled his earlier
charges principally to Tom Stewart,
aspirant for the Senate nomination
backed by E. H. Crump, Memphis
political leader. and Senator K. D.
Mckellar. did not elaborate on con-
tents in the wire.
Other candidates are Senator George
L. Berry, seeking to succeed himself:
Representative ]. Ridley Mitchell and
c. L. Powell.
McAdoo Asks Probe.
SAN FRANCISCO, July 20 Up.-
Senator William Gibbs McAdoo yes-
Evening star., 1938-07-29
Grasshopper Kills Farmer.

COUNCIL BLUFFS, Iowa, July 20
R.-A grasshopper bite cost the life
of Charles Dittler, 81, Shelby (Iowa)
farmer.
Dr. Grant Augustine said hopper
bite on Dittler's face caused infection
which killed him yesterday in 4 hos
pital here. Poison affected the farm
er's lungs and liver, the physician
said
Evening star., 1938-07-29

terday asked the Senate Campaign
Expenditures Committee to investigate
the campaign fund financing of all
candidates for the California United
States senatorial nominations.
Reiterating his denial of opponents
charges that Federal jobholders in
California had been assessed" S per
cent OF their annual salaries to finance
his own campaign, Senator McAdoo
said he would rather be defeated than
to take such contributions.
Evening star., 1938-07-29
NEW BORDER FIGHT

TOXIC, July 20 (P.-A Domei
tJapanese News Agency dispatch
from Seoul, capital of Korea, reported
today new incident between jap
anese and Russian border guards near
Changkufeng.
1t said 10 Russians crossed the bor-
der and battled with japanese patrol
out retired after an hours skirrnish.
Casualties were not reported.
Evening star., 1938-07-29
BUILDER HAS CONFIDENCE
Glenn L. Martin Says Clipper Car
Ride Water Indefinitely.

Ride Water Indefinitely.
BALTIMORE. July % P).-Glenn
L. Martin, who built the Hawaiian
Clipper which is missing in the Pacific,
said today "she may be down, but
unless there was a crash she will ride
the water indefinitely"
The clipper, the first of three built
in the Martin plant here, was launched
in 1884. At that time Mr.. Martin
said:
She could ride out anything but
a hurricane, and any ship can be
sunk by a hurricane. There's no
question of her seaworthiness. If she's
on the water, she'll stay there until
they find her"
Evening star., 1938-07-29
Money Orders
And Stamps Run
Into Big Cash
BY the Associated Press.

You think there isn't big money in
selling stamps and money orders? An
audit of postal transactions showed
today that $8,116,0O0,O00 passed
through the hands of postal employees
during the last IL months.
That's about $500, ,0o0,0 900 more
than all the United States money in
circulation, but officials explained that
much Of it had to be counted twice
coming in and going out.