davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Imperial Valley press., 1938-12-22
Young People
Sing sCaroIs

El Cen;ro residents enjoyed the
singing of Christmas carols We'd
nesday night by group of young
people of the various churches who
went about the city singing some of
the favoritc songs of the Christ
mas season.
Later the group adjourned to
the Methodist social hall for a
party at which games and refresh
lLentS were featured.
Imperial Valley press., 1938-12-22
VISITS IN VALLEY

Miss Edith Redit. formerly IN
struction supervisor for Imperial
county schools and now on the
faculty of San Diego state col-
lege. was a weekend visitor IN II
Centro. the guest of Mrs. Mont J.
Reid
Imperial Valley press., 1938-12-22
News Items About
Valley Residents

MT. ana MIS-. j. L. oCOnnOr OF
Los Angeles are visiting Mrs. o.
Connor's mother, Mrs. Josephine
Williams, and her sister, Mrs Ruby
Barthel. Mrs. O'Connor is the for
mer Josephine Williams. They will
spend the holidays in Ell Centro.
Mrs. E. c. Fitzhugh of San Fran
cisco has been visiting her son,
E. A. Fitzhugh, and Mrs. Fitzhugh,
leaving Wednesday for Phoenix
Arizona TO join her husband.
DR.. and Mrs. George w. Thomas
are having a particularly delight
full Christmas since their family
is spending the holidays with them:
Mr.. and Mrs. H. H. McKusick and
Mr.. and Mrs. r. E. Couch are
looking forward to both Christmas
and New Years. Their daughter,
Miss Sarah Couch is home from
Berkeley for the holidays and
John Couch is to arrive this week
end from Los Angeles. 1t. Pritch-
ard Couch, who has been stationed
with the Army Air corps in Ha-
waii has been transferred to March
Field near Riverside and will ar
rive about New Years.
Mr.. and Mrs. John R. Robertson
and their daughters are leaving
this week for Cross Plains, Texas,
for a holiday visit with Mr.. Robert
sons parents.
DR.. Bruce Collins, son of Mr.
and Mrs. C. B. Collins, is spend
ing a few weeks in Texas, taking
special course in medicine at a
we'll koWn clinic.
Imperial Valley press., 1938-12-22
Calendar
THURSDAY

THURSDAY
Welfare section, Z, 58l Olive.
Chiidren's party, 7. Masonic
temple.
1890 club, !, Barbara Worth.
Troop ID, B.S.A., 1880 Scout hut.
Barbara Worth Rebekahs, 1880,
First Baptist church.
Townsend club No. 2. 7:30, court
house.
Lip reading class, 7-9, high school.
Troop 25, B.S.A., 7:30, McCabe.
Lutheran program, 8, Seventh
Day Adventist church.
RAM. No. 1O9, 8, Masonic tenn
pie.
B.P.O.E. No. 1925, 8, Elks hall.
Christmas program, s, McCabe
school.
Junior Prom, $3.50, high school.
FRIDAY
kiWaniS club, Barbara Worth.
D.U.V., 1870, Veterans hall.
Christmas program, Z, Christian
church.
Signal chapter No. 276, O.E.S.. 8.
Masonic temple.
townsend club No. /, 7:3O. Will
son music room.
Evening star., 1938-04-01
NEW RECORDS SET
BY VARIETY CHAINS
Increase of as Per Cent
Over Gross of 1886 Is
Reported.
Special Dispatch to The Star.

SptCsdl DlspdtCH 10 INC SLdE.
NEW YORK, April From the
standpoint of business volume, 1897
was the most successful year in the
history of the variety chain stores,
according to Poor's industry and in
vestment surveys.
Sales volume of seven leading chains
aggregated 1895, 100000, an increase
of as per cent over gross enjoyed in
1885, Despite this gain, however,
earning power slumped, registering a
decline of At per cent. This resulted
from a sharp rise in costs all along the
line, but particularly in wages and
taxes. To some extent this condition
has been alleviated in recent months
by decline in wholesale prices for
most of the merchandise found on
variety counters.
THE outlook for 1888 suggests that
net income will decline (as against
year ago. for some months yet" the
survey states. However, there will
be some chains able to increase sales
during 1888 and report improved net
income despite adverse conditions.
"Longer-term prospects indicate
moderately higher and characteristic
cally stable earning power. Recogniz-
ing that further opportunities for ex-
pansion are limited, except at the
expense of average store productivity,
the industry has turned its attention
to increasing sales volume of existing
units.
Early strides in this direction have
met with success, and chains now are
aggressively enlarging lines handled,
eliminating slow-moving merchandise
and abandoning price limitations. The
last step is particularly significant,
as it facilitates upward revision of
retail prices commensurate with whole
sale price advances"
Evening star., 1938-04-01
Bantam Car Plant
Runs at FullTine
FOrThree Months

Special Dispatch to The Star.
BUTLER, Pa, April 1.-The Ameri-
can Bantam Car Co. completed the
first quarter of 1888 with a record of
three months full-time production.
Bantam is the only automobile fac
tory which has not been forced to slow
up production or curtail employment
as result of the current business re-
cession, according to Roy S. Evans,
president. Instead, two production in
creases were necessary in order to keep
pace with new orders for the light
economy cars. On February a 25
per cent increase went into effect and
March l saw second increase of 20
per cent ordered by the board of direc-
tors of the Bantam company.
Total output of Bantam cars for the
first quarter was 1880. Bantam ex-
poets gradually to boost production in
order to build an estimated 10000 cars
this year, Mr. Evans said.
Evening star., 1938-04-01
DOLLAR is UNCHANGED
IN LONDON DEALINGS
By the Assoc Led Press.

By the Assoc s;ed Press.
LONDON, April 1.-The United
States dollar closed net unchanged in
foreign exchange trading today.
Quoted 1885, to the pound. the rate
compared with s496'. for sterling in
New York overnight
French francs edged up to finish
1871 to the pound, against l6200
yesterday.
PARIS. April l lP).-The United
States dollar was quoted at 327l
francs (3o57 cents to the france in
final foreign exchange dealings today.
In comparison. the franc rate in New
York overnight was 3055 cents. Ex-
change on London. 1921
In the Bourse 3 per cent rentes
were $3.50; n IS A" 1920: 4i2s 1887,
ll0.25.
Evening star., 1938-04-01
DELIVERIES OF SUGAR
INCREASE DURING YEAR
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
The Agricultural Adjustment Ad-
ministration reported total deliveries
of sugar during January and February
to American markets under the quota
system amounted to 842,43l short
tons, raw value.
Deliveries during the same period
last year totaled 775,1 short tons.
The A A, A. reported stocks of sugar
on hand February % were:
Raw sugar held by refiners. 172,303
short tons; refined sugar held by re-
f1ners, 35l,559 short tons; refined sugar
held by beet factories, 1876 1898 short
tons and refined sugar held by i'm
porters, 79,l48 short tons. These stocks,
converted to raw value, equal 1887 1903
short tons, as compared with 1,486.16 16l
short tons on the same date last year.
Evening star., 1938-04-01
GROUP REQUESTS
REQ MOTOR PROXIES
Loeb, Vanderlip and Sinclair Seek
Change in Management Due
to Steady Losses.
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
NEW YORK, April 1-Action look
ing toward rehabilitation of the REQ
Motor Car Co. and involving a COM
plete change of management was ini-
tiated by three directors Of the COM
pany today when William Loeb. Frank
A. Vanderlip and Charles G. Sinclair,
jr., addressed to stockholders a re-
quest for proxies for the annual meet
ing scheduled April g..
Continued refusal of the present
management to take action on con-
structive program even when 1897
losses of s1,982,29 brought the four
year-loss total to s4.559,618 has made
it necessary, these directors contend,
to take immediate action if stockhold-
Evening star., 1938-04-01
TWO PLANES DELIVERED.

LOS ANGELES. April Especially -
Delivery of two l0-passenger airliners
for the Aeropout Line of Yugoslavia
was announced today by Lockheed Air
craft Corp. here. The planes, which
were flown to New York for shipment
to Belgrade, cost approximately s116,-
600. A third plane now under con-
struction will be ready for shipment
early next week.
Evening star., 1938-04-01

ers' interests are to be preserved.
Losses have been sustained every year
since the present management took
Office.
Loeb and his associates state that
they have secured commitments from
men who have had wide and successful
experience as executive officers in the
automobile and truck industry to as
sumo active management of the COM
pany if stockholder support is assured.
Evening star., 1938-04-01
i. S. Rubber Sells
S45,OOO,OOO Issue
To Meet Maturity
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, April 1.-The United
States Rubber Co., one of the leading
rubber manufacturing and producing
combinations, has arranged a private
sale of $45,000,000 in "A first mort
gage bonds maturing July /, 1858.
Proceeds will be used for refundinp
$5o,0Oo,000 in S per cent bonds, called
for repayment next July l.
Details Of the private sale we're not
announced but the prospective pur-
chasers Of the new bonds were re-
ported to be large insurance COM
panies. The issue is part of a re-
capitalization plan approved by stock
holders in a special meeting yesterday.
Evening star., 1938-04-01
FOREIGN MARKETS.

LONDON, April QP-Stocks moved
up steadily today as buying orders in
creased Foreign selling was absent. Ac-
tivity centered in the gilt-edged division
and home rails. Industrials closed with
4 urn tone. tobacco and rubber issues in
the 1erd. Trans-Atlantics made satisfac-
tory gains. Foreign bonds we're quiet
PARlS-Active buying Of international
shares led Bourse issues into higher ground
today, Industrials. closed arm. ALTHOUGH
some leaders eased from early highs Gov
eminent bonds did well Bank Of France
gained 130 francs. Royal Dutch was up
III, and Suez Canal ended 1000 higher.
Evening star., 1938-04-01
OILS LEAD CURB
I'm WIDE ADVANCE
Gains of Major Fractions
to More Than a Point
Are Recorded.
BY the Associated Press.


NEW YORK, April 1.-The curb
market rallied today, with oil shares
leading broad advance
Gains of major fractions to more
than a point were shown near the
final hour by Newmont Mining,
American Cyanamid "B." Creole Pc
troleum, Gulf Oil and International
Petroleum. Aluminium Co. advanced
around on an odd-lot sale.
A few specialties were favored.
Pittsburgh Plate Glass and Techni-
color added over point.
Retreating under moderate pres
sure we're SherWin- Williams. Great
Atlantic g. Pacific and Consolidated
Mining g. Smelling.
Evening star., 1938-04-01
CANADIAN BOND SALES
OFF SHARPLY IN MARCH

NEW YORK, April l.-Sales of new
Canadian bond issues in March
amounted to s7035 300, according to
Dominion Securities Corp This figure,
which is exclusive of s50,ooooo0 Do
minion Of Canada treasury bills. COM
pares with s22 1881 ,o98 in February and
500 ,230.539 in March. 1887. Most Of
the months bond offerings represented
municipal loans.
For the year to date, Canadian bond
offerings have totaled $l36, 341 ,466,
compared with s238.187,73l for the
first three months of 1887.
Evening star., 1938-04-01
new DIRECTOR NAMED
BY MORRIS & ESSEX
BY the Associated Press.

NEW YORK, April 1.-Richard
Whitney, bankrupt former president Of
the New York Stock Exchange, was
succeeded yesterday as a director Of
the Morris g. Essex Railroad Co. by
Ogden H. Hammond, Jersey City
banker. Whitney resigned.
The Morris & Essex constitutes the
major portion of the lines of the Della
ware, Lackawanna & Western in New
Jersey.
Mr.. Hammond is vice president Of
the First National Bank Of Jersey
City.
Evening star., 1938-04-01
TREASURY MAINTAINS
ACCENT SILVER PRICE
e, the Associated Press

e, the Associated Press.
The Treasurys price for foreign
silver remained at 43 cents per ounce
today, despite slight increase in the
London price to the equivalent Of 42.45
cents per ounce.
At these prices, the London quota
ton was about on a par with the
United States Treasury price because
of the approximately half-cent cost OF
shipping silver across the Atlantic.
Evening star., 1938-04-01

r In bankruptcy or receivership or beins
reorganized under the Bankruptcy Act OF
securities assumed By such companisa .
are annual disbursements based on the
last quarterly or semi-annual declaration
Unless otherwise noted special or extra
dividends are not included
aAlso extra or extras eDeclared or
paid so far this year no regular rate
PAYABLE in stock ePaid last year
Cash or stock Accumulated dividend
paid or declared this year Wv With war
rants Nv Without warrants var War
rants
Evening star., 1938-04-01
LOdWick Named
New President of
StinsOn Aircraft
Ey the Associated Press.


DETROIT, April 1.-THE Stinson
Aircraft Corp. announced today the
appointment of Albert I. Lodwick as
its president. succeeding B. D. De
Weese. who resigned yesterday
Lodwick formerly was assistant to
the president of the Curtiss-Wright
Corp. and since February has been
executive vice president of the Avia-
ton Manufacturing Corp.
Evening star., 1938-04-01
ODD-LOT DEALINGS.
BY the Associated Press.

day these transactions by Customers with
odd.lot dealers or specialists on the New
York Stock Exchange for March 81; 49,
1886 sales. involving 256.125 shares.
Evening star., 1938-04-01

NEW YORK BAR SILVER.
NEW YORK, April l P.-Bar sill
YER 1924, unchanged.
Evening star., 1938-04-01
MONTREAL SILVER.

MONTREAL, April / QF.--Silver. ~
May. 40.65; July. <o.I5.
Evening star., 1938-04-01
U. S. TREASURY NOTES.

NEW YORK, April l QPl.-Prices quoted
in dollars and thirty-seconds.
Evening star., 1938-04-01
INVESTING COMPANIES

NEW YORK. Aprn l lPD-Investment
Bankers Conference. Inc:
moon quotations
Evening star., 1938-04-01

rants. New. st (stp)-Stamped
fCompanies reported in receivership.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-07-30
Explaining Why Modern
Re6neries In Montana
Turn Out Quality "Gas"

Nitroglycerin is one of Abe
worlds most terrific explosives,
and everybody knows it.
Yet there is more power, more
potential violence locked up in a
thimbleful of gasoline that there
is in a jigger of nitroglycerin, and
hardly anyone knows il except the
scientists. We take their word for
it.
But it is nothing to worry about.
We carry notroglycerin on rub
ber-tired wheels when we must
move it. We give it wide berth
when we can, and we are right
about it, Nitroglycerin is tempera-
mental and tricky, as well as pow
erful
Yet we drive thousands of miles
with 10 or Is or 20 gallons of gas
cline in the tank behind us, and
never give it a thought. Why are
we afraid to drive with a thankful
of nitroglycerin and not afraid
when the tank is filed with gas
oline?
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-07-30
CRACKING MAKES GASOLINE KNOCKLESS
As POPPING MAKES POPCORN EATABLE

from it. No matter where we ira
vel there is always filling station
or pump close at hand. We take
it for granted. We know that some
gasoline costs more than others,
that some is better than others
That is about the extent Of our
knowledge concering the motor fuel
of which the average motorists uses
500 to 700 gallons year and
which drives more than % million
motor vehicles over our roads.
AS to what gasoline really is, how
it works, how it is made, and why
some kinds are so much more sat
isfactory and so much more econ
omical than others, we are pretty
much in the dark.
Let us consider some of those
things now. What is gasoline?
The scientist tells us that it is a
complex mixture of hydrogen and
carbon. We may ask. What Of it?'
There is hydrogen in water and a
little in the air we breath. Carbon
IS familiar to all of us in the form
Of coal, of graphite. of diamonds.
How two such substances as n.y.
irogen. the lightest gas there is.
and carbon, a solid, black sub
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-07-30

motorists and their engines q taste
of real anti-knock gasoline and
they liked it. Major companies also
were importing cracked gasoline Of
good anti-knock value from other
states.
Other products were tractor dis
tillate and gas and fuel oil. The
farmers bought the tractor distil-
late cash and carry. hauling it
away from the refinery in steel
barrels. The gas oil. blended with
part of the distiIlate to reduce it
to the proper viscosity, was sold
as fuel for home heating burners
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-07-30

One reasn is that we are familiar
with gasoline while nitroglycerin is
strange to most of us. Another is
that nitroglycerin will expolde by
itself on small provacation. while
liquid gasoline will not. Gasoline
must be vaporized and the vapors
mixed with the proper amount of
air before an explosive mixture is
formed.
So IL we take ordinary precau-
tions that common sense dictates,
gasoline is a safe and dependable
servant.
Gasoline does more work for
more people than any other source
of power. Yet, few of the people it
works for know much about it ex-
cept the price. And what about
that? We often kick about it. But
did you know that the price of gas
oline has been going steadily down
ward for years, while the prices of
nearly all the other commodities
we must buy have been going up
ward? That is the fact. And gaso-
line quality has been steadily go
ing upward at the same time.
One thing we know about gaso-
line is that we can hardy get away
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-07-30

Dean OF OH pioneers of Montana
is w. M. Fulton. Thirty years ago.
w. M. Fulton made his first trip
to Montana. A group of cowboys.
boiling their coffee over a natural
gas seepage on Willow creek, near
August, captured his attention and
established a determination 20
prospect for gas. The final outcome
of the resulting Search after he
had become known as the "dry
hole king" was the development
of the $4,000, coo Fulton-Riee pool
in east kevIn-Sunburst. There he
drilled a well that made q million
dollars worth of oil In 10 months
his Judgment In hav-
ing left the oil fields of the East. TO
cast his lot In Montana. He is stlll
q leading operator in kcvln-Sun-
burst, Cut Bank and Pondera oil
fields. He says that the real history
of oil In Montana will be written
only when wells are drilled through
the "bin Iine''--to the horizons
which give the great gushers of
the Mid-ContInent Deep drilling
has not yet been introduced in
Montana.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-07-30

in town, while the local industrial
plants absorbed the fuel oil.
The plant was also producing
road oil and asphalt for which
there was a good market in Mon
tana and adjoining states. Revenue
from the other products might
have kept the plant going but the
increasing stocks OF gasoline filed
the storage tanks and brought OPP
erations to a standstill. There was
no room TO put any more.
The first step in construction Of
the cracking unit was to build the
light oil furnace. AS soon as fin-H
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-07-30

There we're million gallons Of
straight-run gasoline in the tanks
of the Home Oil & Refining com.
pany at Great Falls in September,
1884, when the company signed a
license agreement with Universal
Products company Of Chicago, for
use of the Dubbseracking process.
The gasoline couldn't be sold.
1t had an octane rating of about 43.
A competing Montana refiner who
had recently installed the crack
ing process had given Montana
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-07-30

ished, 1t was put to work cracking
(reforming) the straight-run gaso-
line TO improve the octane rating
and make Il salable.
Dubbscracking has increased
the average octane rating of Home
gasoline by ~ numbers-from 43
to 20.
Since the plant was finished, con-
siderable additions and improve
ments have been made.
w. e. Rice is president of Home
OIL G. Refining company and his
son, John Rice. is yiee-president
and general manager.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-07-30

stance, ever got together two form
such a liquid as gasoline, entirely
different from eihter OF them, is
something for the scientists to fig
ure out. II doesn't concern us very
much now.
What we are interested in is how
gasoline works. Why some kinds
are better than others. We want to
know what kind of gasoline to buy
in order to get the most ride from
each dollar we spend. And 1t is well
worth our while to find out.
Let us look into it.
Gasoline does it's work by explo-
sions, the same as nitroglycerin
does, though we never think of it
that way. The early gasoline en-
gines were known as @internal-ex-
plosion engines"
The reason why we dot not gem
orally recognize gasoline as an ex-
plosive is that we have learned
how to control the explosions in the
engine-to slow them down. We
can't control the explosions of nj
troglycerin, and that is the differ
snce.
The discovery of the principles in
Volved in this control, to make
them working explosions instead
II destructive ones, and the inven-
lion of process to apply that
to the refining of oil
marked the beginning of vast inn
In the design of auto
mobile engines. These improve
nents are still going on.
That invention was the crack
ng process" which has been de-
Teloped and improved from year
o year and which is now used by
I've Of the leading Montana refiner-
es and in hundreds OF other REIN
ries throughout the world. More
bout this remarkable process later
n. Now, let's consider explosions.
1t usually takes compression to
make an explosion. The higher the
the more powerful the
xplosion.
II you pour a pint Of gasoline on
he ground, the vapors rise from
and mix with the air. Strike
latch and it goes up like flash.
burns mighty fast, but it does not
xplode. You can burn gunpowder,
Ugh explosives, perhaps even nitro
lycerin the same way a quick
re. but no explosion.
But If you confne any of these
anne substances in a small space
nd fire them with a spark or a
low, 1t is a different story. They
gases so fast that these
lust find means OF escape. That is
xpl0sion. Usually they take the
asiest way. Nitroglycerin does not I
ait for that, but skaters every /
ming around. Powder gases In a q
nn find the easiest escapre by
nshing out the bullet Expanding /
asses in your cylinders find their
asiest outlet by pushing down the
Istons which turns the crankshaft d
I'd drives the car. Q
Few people perhaps realize that t
is the cracking process that has t
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-07-30

made possible the Improvement of
motor cars to their present speed
and efficiency. Better cars demand
better gasoline, and the cracking
process has given 1t to them.
But for the development OF the
Dubbs process, we might still be
driving automobiles with top speed
OF 35 or 40 miles an hour and with
the pickup and getaway Of freight
train.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1938-10-29
PREP SKIERS TO
 AID IN COURSE
 CLEARING WORK
Fifteen High School Sliders to Join Clubmen Tn
 Work Party Sunday

The Juneau Ski Clubs land clear ing crew will be joined tomorrow. when it makes it's second axe-wield- ing trek to the Douglas Island ski trail, by fifteen members of the Juneau High School Ski Club, it was announced today after the prepsters had signified their inten- tions of helping speed the Forest Service ski development at the first meadow above the Treadwell Ditch.
 Volunteer workers will provide their own lunches tomorrow and will meet at the tent above the ditch at 10 In. Hot chocolate will be served by the Juneau Ski Club, according to plans made public by Club President Joe Werner. Tools, including brush-hocks, axes and saws, will be provided for the sev- eral High School men and older Ski Club members who have de- clared themselves willing to turn out.
 Much was accomplished by the volunteer work party last weekend, and even more satisfactory results are expected of the larger group to be out tomorrow