davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana labor news., 1938-12-22
WHAT! A FOUR
HOUR DAY!

From the beginning of civilization
until our modern machine technique
was developed, a man could as a
general rule, produce by hard work
little more than was required for a
bare subsistence.
The machine and the engine, how
ever, has changed all this and has
made mans labor tremendously pro-
ductive whether in farming or
mining, manufacturing OF transpor-
tation.
This productivity was made obvi-
Gus during the war. At that time
the 100000 men in the armed
forces of the United States, all the
men and women engagd in the man.
ufacture of munitions, or working
in offices connected with the war,
were withdrawn from productive
occupations. In spite of this the
general well-being among wage
earners was higher than before or
since in this country.
The significance of this fact was
concealed by finance: borrowing
made it appear as if the future was
nourishing the present. But that Of
course would have been impossible
A mar cannot eat a loaf of bread
which does not yet exist.
The war showed conclusively thai
by the scientific organization o.
production it is possible to keeI
modern populations in fair comfor'
on a small part of the working
capacity of the modern world. If a
the end of the war the scientific or.
~ganization had been preserved, anC
the hours of work cut to four, al
would have been well. Instead thu
old chaos was restored, those whose
work was demanded were made t.
work long hours and the rest wert
left to starve as unemployed. Why
Because work is looked upon as
duty.
1t is evident that every human
being consumes in the Nurse of hi
life a certain amount of produce o
human labor. Clearly if he con
sumes more than he produces he
a parasite and every man shoult
provide something in return for hi
board and lodging whether it is il
goods or services. To this exten
the duty of work must be admitted
If the ordinary wage earne
worked four hours a day there woult
be enough for everybody, and NJ
unemployment = assuming sensibl
organization.
Here in the United States we hav
various ways of dealing with tn
problem of doing too much work
We have no economic justice so
large proportion of the total produc
goes to a small minority, many c
whom do no work at all. We kee
a large percentage Of the workin
population idle and make other
overwork. When all these method
prove inadequate we have a wan
We cause a number of people
manufacture high explosives an
Montana labor news., 1938-12-22

Choppers and farmers are not the
only tenant problem of the South,
Nearly all Southerners are tenants.
We have tenant-bankers, tenant
merchants, tenant : manufacturers,
manufacturers, tenant-clergy, yes,
and even so-called farm owners who
are little better than hired hands.
And the absentee landlord over these
tenants and hired hands is the North,
Rarely before in human history has
a population of such numbers, in a
land so rich, exerted so little re-
sponsible control over its own eco
nomic fate. We are all held in a
bondage that is the more subtle be-
cause the chains and indenture are
not actually visible.-Donald David
son, in The Southern Review, Sum-
mer, 1888.
Montana labor news., 1938-12-22

is almost equally potent in the
United States and in England, miti-
gated by a h%ypocritical desire to
avoid legal recognition of the facts.
Franz Boas, in The Nation, Au-
gust q.
Montana labor news., 1938-12-22
What The Magazines
Are Saying

What, then, is Mr.. Chamberlain's
policy? No one doubts that, with
an even simpler outlook than Mr.
Baldwin's, his central preoccupation
is to avoid at almost any cost the
involvement of Great Britain in a
major war. But it would be a
mistake to ascribe this astonishing
passivity solely to a love of peace.
Two other factors are at work. Any
positive action to prevent or restrict
happenings which liberals deplore
would have involved the effective
use, through the agency of Geneva
or otherwise, of some machinery for
collective security. But because he
is not prepared to make any contri-
button to the general good that in
wolves some degree of risk, the typi-
cal conservative has always looked
askance at the League of Nations,
nor is he prepared to improvise in
its place any workable substitute.
Secondly, he has always hesitated
to act effectively against Mussolini,
whether in Africa or Spain, because
he realized that any blow to the
prestige of Italian fascism might
lead eventually to a revolution from
the Left. Similar calculations in
cline him to deal gently with the
Nazi regime.
Up to the early months of this
year the Foreign Office may have
hoped that the determination of the
French stand by the Czechs could
be undermined. That delusion wa:
abandoned during M. Daladier's visit
to London, if not before it. Then
and still more formally at a later
date, the French received satisfac-
tory assurances of British support
in the Czech question. For these
however, they paid a heavy price
They were compelled to inhibit
every impulse of sympathy toward
the Spanish Republic, to the extent
of acquiescing in Mussolini's con
quest Of the peninsula under
Francois flag. Late in May British
diplomacy backed the Czechs anc
the French in Berlin: early in june
it drove the French to abandon the
Spaniards by sealing the frontiers
Of the Pyrenees against arms anc
volunteers.
This may be to avert war, but i
is not to establish peace. 1t is, or
the contrary, to perpetuate the reigr
of force and of power-politics.
But of all its consequences the ugli
est is the deliberate sacrifice o.
Spanish democracy in the effort
probably futile, to detach Mussolin
from Hitler. Lest she (Italy,
should throw her forces on Hitler
side, British policy tolerates the un.
ending perfidy Of her invasion o.
Spain. Such, then, is the peace to.
wards which we move. H. N
Brailsford, in The New Republic
September 7,
Montana labor news., 1938-12-22

A LITTLE chicken will go a long
N way at your holiday party If
you serve a steaming hot chicken
pie. Your gravy is sure to be
creamy smooth if you thicken 1t
with quick cooking tapioca. Besides
avoiding Jumps, you'll avoid tedious
stirring and cut down the quota of
pots and pans.
For the pie, combine "a table
spoons quick cooking tapioca, II
teaspoon salt, a dash Of pepper, a
dash Of paprika, 2 tablespoons melt.
Evening star., 1938-10-12
BAILEY INDICTED
I. ON TAX CHARGE
Accused in Numbers Racket
Here, He Faces Income
Count.

Carroll Bailey, indicted here March
80 for alleged participation in the
numbers racket, today faced new
charges Of evading Federal income
taxes.
A Federal grand jury in Baltimore
yesterday returned the income tax
indictment after hearing evidence
that Bailey had paid less than $500
in taxes since 1884 on earnings al
legged to approximate $4,000.
The Government contended he owes
approximately $4,000. Bailey's in
come, as it appears on reports he
is alleged to have made, was set at
under $4,000 over the period.
The prosecution contended his earn
ings from 1884 to 1887 have ranged
from $4,000 to $4,000 each year.
Bailey, who is about "a years old
and lives in the 5400 block of North
Capitol street, was arrested January
20 during raid on an alleged head
quarters of numbers racketeers in the
900 block of Second street NE. In
dictment on charges of conducting a
lottery and conspiring to conduct a
lottery followed
Detective Sergt. George c. Deyoe at
the time of the raid said a bank
statement showing deposits of $4,000
between January and 20 was found
in Bailey's possession.
Arraigned before United States
Commissioner Needham c. Turnape.
Bailey pleaded not guilty and waived
a preliminary hearing. Bond was set
at $1,500.
Evening star., 1938-10-12
MRS. LOUISE KENT
RITES TOMORROW
Church and Club Leader
Was Stricken on Visit to
Injured Daughter.

Funeral services for Mrs. Louise
Bolton Kent. widely known for her
activities in Washington churches and
clubs, who died Monday night in
Poughkeepsie, N. Y, will be held at
her home, at 3100 Thirty-fifth street
| NV, at II am. tomorrow.
Mrs. Kent died of a stroke at 4:30
pm. Monday in the int1rmary at Vas
sar College. where she had gone when
she learned that q daughter, Bar
bara, a sophomore, had been injured
when thrown from horse. Members
Of the family said that the shock OF
learning Of her daughters injury had
been a contributing factor in Mrs
Kent's death, and that previous warn
ings had been given by physicians
that such nervous shock might prove
fatal. Mrs. Kent collapsed in the
college Office, where she had gone to
learn the details Of her daughters in
juries.
Miss Kent is said to have suffered
crushed vertebrae, but is under
stood not to be in serious condition.
Mrs. Kent, who was So, had lived
in Washington for IL years, having
come here from Asheville, N. c., fol-
lowing the death Of her husband, Fred
Kent, North Carolina business man.
She was native of Norristown, Pa.
Active in social and club life here,
Mrs. Kent was member of the Ameri-
can Association of University Women,
a regent of the Daughters of the Amer
ican Revolution, a member of the
Twentieth Century Club, and of the
Wilson College Alumni Association.
She had been active for many years in
the work of the Red Cross and the
Community Chest She was a men,
ber Of st. Adams Church.
She is survived by five daughters,
the Countess Carlo di Robilant of
Venice, Italy; Mrs. Weldon Williamson
Of Asheville. N. c., and the Misses Ruth
Davenport Kent, Mary Freda Kent
and Barbara Kent, all of Washington.
Also surviving are four grandchildren,
Kent Williamson and Elizabeth Will
Hanson of Asheville, and FREDERICK
Carlo di Robilant and Olga di Robilant
of Venice.
The Rev. Charles Warner of st.
Adams Church will conduct the fu-
neral services tomorrow Burial will
be in Rock Greek Cemetery.
Evening star., 1938-10-12
W. S. SPENCER DIES:
RITES TO BE FRIDAY
Retired Building Contractor Was
Native Of England and in
Business Here so Years,

William Spencer Spencer, II, re-
tired building contractor, died today
at his home. 1920 Kenyon street NV,
after an illness of several months.
A native of England. Mr.. Spencer
was In the building contracting busi-
ness here nearly so years. until retir-
ing about five years ago. He had
erected many private residences,
apartment houses and commercial
buildings He was a member of St.
Johns Lodge of Masons.
Surviving are his widow, Mrs. Mar
tina A. Spencer; son, w. Warren
Spencer, building contractor. and two
grandchildren. all of this city.
Funeral services will be held at l
pm. Friday in Hines funeral home;
290l Fourteenth street NV The
Rev. DR.. Albert H. Lucas, headmaster
of St. Adams School for Boys. will
of11ciate. Burial will be in Glen
wood Cemetery.
Evening star., 1938-10-12

Wallace Memorial United Presbyterian
Church, the Mount Pleasant Lodge of
MaSons and the International Typo
graphical Union.
Before coming to Washington, Mr..
Gutelius was columnist on the Pub
lie Press. at Northumberland, a news
paper which was run by his father, the
late C. w. Gutelius.
Besides his brother, he leaves two
daughters. Mrs Warren R. Smith, Ar
lington, Va, and Mrs. Roscoe Reeves,
this city; two sisters, Mrs. B. o.
Beckett, New York, and Mrs. Frank
H. Wheaton, Millville, N. j.; two other
brothers, Laurence L. Gutelius, Graf
ton, Pa, and Donald L. Gutelius, New
York, and grandson. His wife, for
merly Miss C. Maud Howell of North
cumberland, died about three years ago.
Funeral services will be held at 2
pm. tomorrow at the residence. Bur-
ial will be in Rock Greek Cemetery.
Evening star., 1938-10-12
1n mrntnrtuttt.
COyEMAN WuIIEANNA ANn

COLEMAN. wILLIEANNA AND HARRY.
Lias Rsme5y & Ssc asSetsd et m1hs1 %s ten
brother n.RRY COLEMAN. who ,'dS departed aed
nf JAMES Ne ten w;Ea fls as2 onTs A1T i A6RAcE 5R2s
org Of @s des4 EhaA on NAE EH N XY ypf oso
knew X ,d,J heT' twenty s"ars ego TODAY october
HER r. LOVING SON. ROBERT LEE DoNo-
FERGUSON. MARJORIE : In loving
sser r 9qE Pffysa Who
US five years ago today October 12 1875
She is il not dead. The brightness of her
In sweet remembered smiles and words
MOTHER AND SISTERS. .
our dear son and brother onT sAUI Poss
Gho pasSed awsy ,say four years ago today.
MOTHER, FATHER AND BROTHERS. .
HARROD. ROBERT. sR In sad but
; loying remembrance Of our dear father.
Hs VIA! eS ossy ss Ss9 ahs h
A light is from our household gone.
A. voice we loved is stilled:
place is vacant in our home
Which never can be filled.
Some NAV think YOU are forsotten,
But in memory YOU are with us
AS you always were before;
HAUZE. MARGARET EMILY. Sacred
70 shs mempry mem :, Of my ny dear wife MAR
life seven years ago. October ~. 1881.
She had smile for every one.
heart as pure as gold;
Tc those who knew and loved her
Hf5 HfR H1sszSD E 5oHs g. 5r0E EATaE 81
KING. NELLIE M; WHITTINGTON,
NAOMI E, E n sad e rsmembrance of my
WELLINGTON, who passed on twenty
years aso, October IL and Is: le1s
JENNIE.
NoACK. OSCAR C.. In sad memory of
our husband and father. OSCAR c.
NOACK. who departed this life twenty
years agc today October 10. 1918
Unknown and forEotten to some he may be.
But the Erave that contains him is sacred
to Us. THE FAMILY
oPPIlGER. SARAH E.. In loving mem
81 my who dear Vent msther snsy sARAH
today October IL. 1887 OLIVE
Evening star., 1938-10-12
NATIONAL BANK OFFICE
ESTABLISHED AGAIN
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
c. B. Upham, acting controller Of
the currency. yesterday re-established
a separate national bank examining
ofice for the fifth Federal Reserve
district.
The work of chief examiner for the
fifth district has been handled for
the past year by William P. Folger,
chief national bank examiner, in ad-
dition to his other duties. The action
yesterday was designed to leave Mr..
Folger free to give full time to national
problems.
Mr.. Upham appointed Jennings L..
Bailey chief examiner for the new dis
trict office, which will be located at
Richmond. The district includes
Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia,
North and South Carolina and the
District of Columbia.
Mr.. Bailey. native of Virginia, has
been connected with the examining
force of the controllers Office since
1920 and has been stationed for the
past five years at Baltimore.
Evening star., 1938-10-12
REPORT BENES IS GOING
TO GLASGOW U. is HOAX
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
GLASGOW, Oct. 12.-The Scottish
Nationalist Association believes a
funster faxed telegram that former
President Eduard Benes of Czecho-
slovakia would be the association's s
candidate for the rectorship of Glas-
gov University.
William Powell Scottish journalist,
announced yesterday DR.. Benes had
accepted an invitation to seek the post,
honorary and without salary
The Czechoslovakian Legation in
London subsequently issued a denial
and said DR.. Benes had mot even con-
sidered the invitation yet"
The Nationalists thereupon ex.
planned they received a telegram from
London that Benes had accepted, but
that I'VE now believe this communi-
cation may be hoax on the part OF
some opposition clubs
PRAGUE. Oct. IL (F).-Sources close
to former President Eduard Benes said
today he had rejected for the time
being all offers of positions abroad and
that there was growing demand that
he remain as an expert adviser to the
C1echoclavak government.
The weary, care-worn former Presi-
dent remained in seclusion at his TO-
acre country home near Sezimovo Usti
Close friends said he was resting and
attempting to regain his health. which
was considerably broken during the
trying period before his resignation
October 10.
Evening star., 1938-10-12

He had returned
from a trip
Monday evening
through Virginia
with a brother, c.
Warren Gutelius,
of Northumber-
land, Pa, and ap-
parently was in
good health.
Mr.. Gutelius
came here in 1894
to work at the
Printing ONCE
a n d continued
there until retired
five years ago. He
was a member of
Evening star., 1938-10-12
PARK TO ALLOW SALE
OF POWER BY MACHINE
Trailer Tourists to Put In rs Cents
and Get Electricity for
Use for Day.

Yellowstone National Park Is 60
ing along Jump for jump" with the
trailer industry.
With its opening to tourists next
spring, Secretary Of the Interior Ickes
has authorized installation of three
25-cent coin slot machines for sale
Of electricity to trailer tourists in
the Mammoth Campground.
If the ultramodern service proves
a success, the same system will be
extended there and possibly installed
in other national parks under juris-
diction Of the National Park Service
The new system Will make it pos
sible for trailer tourist to drop q
quarter in the meter and obtain elec-
trio current for a 24-hour period, its
use limited only by the fixtures and
gadgets the trailer contains. Equip
ment must be lis volts with a load
limitation of six amperes, it was said
Evening star., 1938-10-12
Heads Membership Group.

Mrs. Gardner Jackson, west Kirke
street, Chevy Chase, Md. last night
was elected chairman of the Member
ship Committee Of the Washington
League Of Women Shoppers at a meet
ing in the American Association of
University Women Club House, 1884
street NV. Mrs. Mordecai Ezekiel is
president of the league.
Evening star., 1938-10-12
ASK COMMISSIONER
Democratic League Requests D. c.
Man Be Named.

The board of directors of the Ma
tional Democratic League through
resolutions announced today called on
the President to appoint new District
Commissioner at once and name one
who has been a resident of Washing
ton at least 10 years. Local and ma
tional suffrage for District residents
also was urged.
DR.. F. Thomas Evans, founder Of
the league, was elected president to
succeed Hugh Keiser. Hugh Thomas
and j. Nelson Anderson were named
vice presidents.
Evening star., 1938-10-12
PROMISES COOPERATION
Engineer Commissioner Asks
Citizens to Call on Him.

Eng lUceT commissioner ASKS
Citizens to Call on Him.
Promising cooperation with all citi-
aens' organizations "as far as appro-
priations would permit" It. Col. David
McCoach, Engineer Commissioner for
the District. in brief address before
the Barry Farms Citizens Association
last night, explained that he was trying
tc become acquainted with each COM
muaity and its needs. He asked that
those having reasonable complaints see
him at the District Building.
The group approved list of pro-
posed Improvements for The COM
munity, including the resurfacing CT
streets and the installation Of new
sewage pipes where needed.
Evening star., 1938-10-12
JAPAN'S DRIVE HELD
BLOW TO U. S. TRADE
Hong Kong One Of Principal Ports
of Entry for Goods Since
Shanghai Capture.

By the Associated Press.
Commerce Department experts said
today the Japanese offensive in the
Hong Kong area might seriously
hamper American trade with China.
They explained that since the Japa-
nese captured Shanghai Hong Kong
has been one Of the principal entry
points for American goods going to
China. 1t may be necessary now to
route this trade through some other
port.
Statistics for the first eight months
Of 1888 show that more than q third
Of American exports to China went
through Hong Kong. A total of $25,-
$4,000 worth of merchandise went di-
rectly to China and an additional
$l5,2e9, 900 went to Hong Kong.
Evening star., 1938-10-12
SUCCEEDS L. R. VIA

The Bituminous Coal Commission
announced yesterday appointment OF
Thurlow G. Lewis. Benton Ill) law
yer, as chief of its trial examining d.
vision.
He succeeds L. r. Via. who re-
signed to become United States dis
trict attorney for the Southern West
Virginia district.
The Commission said both the
United Mine Workers and producers
had Endorsed Mr.. Lewis.
Evening star., 1938-10-12
GarnH uf ThatRa.

late GEORGIA LEWIS wish to thank their
friends and relatives for their kind ex;
pressions of sympathy and the beautiful
iJral tributes at the time of their be-
'ea HARVEY LEWIS AND FAMILY.
PALMER, LUCY. The family Of the
late Mrs LUCY PALMER gratefully ac.
KNOWLEDGE and thank the neiehbors and
friends for the flowers and kind express
sions of sympathy.
Evening star., 1938-10-12
WILLIAM |. GUTELIUS, ~"
Ex-G. P. 0. WORKER, DIES
Retired Copy Editor Was SO
Years Old-Funeral Rites to
Be Held Tomorrow.

William Lescher Gutelius, 66. re-
tired copy editor Of the Government
Printing Office, died yesterday at his
home, 804 Taylor street NV. Death
was believed to have come In his sleep.
Evening star., 1938-10-12
Corn for Drought Areas.

Corn for a second sowing has been
sent by the government to regions Of
Nicaragua most seriously affected by
this years drought.
Evening star., 1938-10-12
marrianr.

CASHELL-WARD. On Monday. Oc-
tober 3 1898 at Frederick. Md by Rev.
Ralph E Hartman, ARIANNA EDWINA
WARD to SAMUEL P. CASHELL. Mr
and Mrs Cashell are residing at 4lO4
10th St ne.
Evening star., 1938-10-12

Approximately 1900 persons lose
their lives by drowning each year in
the United States.
Evening star., 1938-10-12
Football Aids Jobless,

League football in Britain is employ
ing directly 10000 people this season
and finding work indirectly for many
thousand more.
Evening star., 1938-10-12

The recent nervous European stu
alton affected business throughout
South America.
Evening star., 1938-10-12
ADVERTISEMENT,
Embarrassment Of
FALSE teeth
Slipping or Irritotine

Don't be embarrassed by l,ose false teeth
slipping. dropping or wabbsing when you
eat. talk or laugh Just sprinkle . little
FASTEETH on your plates. This pleasant
powder gives a remarkable sense Of added
comfort and security by holding loose plates
f1rmer. No summy. gooey. pesty taste or
feeling. It's alkaline mon acid. Get FAS-
TEETH at any drug store.
When mouth tissues change. sss yssl
dentiat
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-11-11
Milestones in Development
Of the Automobile Industry

they could use their whips on the
engines. That was the age when
bystanders urged motorists TO
"get a horse"
In 1900 organized production got
under way. In 1910 front doors,
windshields and folding tops were
introduced. World war imitation
OF purchasing power gave the in
dustry tremendous boost In 1914,
and another boost came in 1922,
which brought balloon tires, wide
adoption of the time payment sys-
tenn, four-wheel brakes, and the
start Of the general switch from
open to closed cars. The industry
went over the billion dollar mark
during the war, and over the five
billion dollar mark in 1929.
But the total of its economic
effect goes into astronomical fig
ures, when steel, rubber, concrete
for roads, and other commodities
are considered, not to mention the
billions upon billions which it has
caused to be paid in wages. The
automobile is the classic example
of what American industry can
do.-Compiled from National En-
cyclopedia.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-11-11

CMART, hobby little jacket suits
~ deity tailored of woolens in art
full weave and alluringly colorful
are literally running away with
highest sartorial honors this season,
and no mistake! They are the best
solution of the problem of what to
wear these days.
Beautifully tailored, trim and
bright as a new whistle, these little
suits are equally at home in town or
country and are taken as a matter
of course for the campus. The NOR
al of which is, if you haven't already
acquired nifty jacket suit of vogu-
ish wooden, "do it now and you
will be prepared for any caprice of
weather.
It is novelty fabric interest that
holds one spellbound in these cum
ming suits. There's all sorts of tricks
of the trade employed in adding zest
to the fashion such as gaily pat
termed woods used for the jacket
: with nubbly monotone for the skirt
or turn it around vice versa--skirt
of gay plaid or stripe, jacket in solid
color-and you will win a new style
high point in the game. Or if you
want some one weave or color to
play solitaire, it's all right with
Dame Fashion if the suit is all of
one tone and one texture, just so
it's voguishly jacketed.
On the list of woods the fabric pro-
gram has to offer you'll find sport
ing tweeds in herringbone, shetland
or hubby types in devastating col
ors, fine soft woolens and coarse
meshed weaves you'll adore, and
plaids and stripes and shaggy
weaves flecked in multi-color.
Oh, it's a gay life modern WOOL
ems are leading.
The type of jacket that repeats
and repeats is the short fitted sort