davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1938-07-30
Cut Flowers
Need Proper
Treatment

COME people just cut their flowers
and put them in water, others fol-
low the rules.
Lack of absorption and consequently
lack Of moisture in the stem causes
flowers to wilt. Bacteria action clogs
the stems and. shortens their period Of
freshness. Crushing the stems when
cutting affects the life. Hot sunlight,
drafts and dry rooms shorten the life
of cut flowers by increasing the rate
of evaporation.
Cut flowers at their proper stage Of
maturity for long lasting. As rule
gladiolus and iris are cut as the first
florets begin to unfold. A rose is cut
while still in bud, dahlias when the
flower is fully expanded, poppies the
evening before they would open if
left on the plant, and peonies just as
the petals are unfolding.
Flowers should be cut early in the
morning or late in the evening when
they are full of moisture and not
during the heat Of the day when the
sun and wind have reduced their
moisture to the lowest point. AS soon
as the flowers are cut they should be
plunged into cold water up to the
flower (but not on the flower petals
or they will darken and allow to
stand over night.
Use a sharp knife in cutting SO as
not to crush the stems-cruShing re-
duces the power to absorb water
Slanting cuts should be made so that
when the stems are resting on the
bottom of a vase the flowers can still
take up moisture.
Change the water daily in vase
and also cut of a short piece of the
stem. Leaves that are under water
in the vase are best removed, especially
is this true for the asters and zinnias
for they tend to foul the water.
Increased absorption power can be
given chrysanthemums, lilacs and
other woody -stemmed flowers by slit
ting the stens and scraptns the bark
Tor a tneh e "a.
Evening star., 1938-07-30

especially liked. They no longer know
their roses by color, they call each by
its own name.
For instance, in Washington gardens
you will find Mrs. Sam McGredy, Nine.
Butterfly, Nine. Cochet-C Cochet, Jo-
anna Hill, Dainty Bess, Edith Nellie
Perkins, Carrie Jacobs Bond, Soeur
Therese, Nine. Joseph Perraud, Count
ess Vandall, and Kaiserin Auguste
Viktoria, with their individual form,
beauty. color and fragrance. You will
also find in many rose gardens the
sturdy Radiance. produced by John
Cook of Baltimore, and Red Radiance.
propagated here In Washington by
William Guide.
Some 80 different rose varieties are
grown and shown at local rose dis
plays in such numbers as to have their
special, separate variety classes in the
October l and 2 Potomac Rose Show
For example, there you will find a
class for Kaiserin Augrlste Viktoria,
instead OF . general class for al ".
Saetae6 o6 W1atto ypoes.
Evening star., 1938-07-30
BY FRANCESCA MCKINNEY.

THE Takoma Horticultural Club will
hold its 18th Annual Gladiolus
and Midsummer Flower Show on
Thursday and Friday at the Takoma
Branch of the Public Library. Fifth
and Cedar streets. The exhibit will
be open from until 10 o'clock on
Thursday evening and on Friday
from in the morning until 9 O'Clock
in the evening. The library will be
open for receiving exhibits at 2 O'Clock
in the afternoon on Thursday. All
entries must be in place by O'Clock
that evening to permit judging. The
public will be admitted at 8 o'clock
Entries will be removed after 9 O'Clock
Friday evening.
All classes are open to amateur
flower growers, and non-members OF
the club are cordially invited to ex-
hibit. All varieties of gladiolus ex-
hibited should be named so as to
be placed in their proper classes. and
all flowers must be grown in exhib-
itor's garden.
There are to be many sections, and
each has from to IL classes to take
care Of the various types, colors and
arrangements.
Section A is the exhibition type
which should have straight stems
with a long flower head and many
large f1oretS open at one time, regu-
larly placed, spaced and front facing
The sweepstake award for this class
will be for the most points in classes
to Is, inclusive. The Champlain
View Gardens Of Burlington, VT. will
present $5 worth Of gladiolus bulbs OF
the new introductions Of Palmer varie-
ties, their selection.
Section B. decorative type, must
have purity Of color, charm. graceful
ness and harmonious arrangement OF
f1orets. The sweepstake award will be
the same as for Section A. All awards
won on Ellis originations will receive
the following: IS in glad bulbs TO,
each blue ribbon and $40 in glad bulb,
for each championship. from the Mer-
ton G. Ellis Bulb Gardens OF Candy
Greg.
Section c will be artistic arrange.
ments of gladioluses with or without
other flowers or foliage, but gladiolu,
must predominate Awards will be
given for the most points in classe.
70 to 81, inclusive. The Mechline
Bros. Of Camden, N. j., will present
two 1-pound canisters of Sulrote dust.
ing powder for thrips.
Midsummer flowers, with quality OF
bloom, arrangement and container tt
be scored in order named, will be
section D. This section will take care
Of all arrangements except minia.
lures. 1853. The William Henry
Maule Co. of Philadelphia, Pa, will
present certificate emitting tn.
holder to So in flower seeds or bulb.
as listed in their current catalogue
for the most points in classes 80 t.
80, inclusive.
Section E will also be for mid.
summer flowers, but only six speci.
mems to vase, although additiona
foliage may be used. The William
Henry Maule will also present a Ger.
tiflcate to the winner of most point.
in this section. The certificate holde,
will be entitled to 50 worth of flower
seeds or bulbs.
There will be only one class in sec.
ton F, which will be dining table
arrangement of odorless marigold.
with their own foliage" Other flower.
permitted, but marigolds must pre-.
Evening star., 1938-07-30

the clumps into small sections, re.
tanning those from the outside of the
| crown for replanting. Two or three
pieces of root are ample for each
clump, with the clumps feet or NOR,
apart. Cuttings may be taken from
the new shoots when they are abou;
feet high and rooted in sand. Seed
of the named varieties seldom com,
true to name and is hardly worth
depending upon. The plants may be
multiplied so rapidly from division
that most garden needs can be well
supplied with plants in a very short
time. Aster Frikarti, Wonder of Sta
ETA, resents moving and is slow tc
propagate. and thus is an exception
to the rule.
Aphis, and occasionally rust, are the
chief troubles of the hardy aster-in
other words, they are relatively free
from insect and disease troubles.
X Xxx
WHILE hybridization is more or less
new in the development Of hardy
aSters the list of varieties is already
so long that only few can be men
toned. To mention any is to leave
out a number that are good or are
so different as to merit attention. The
following include some of the newer
varieties but are, for the most part,
Well-established, dependable ones.
Among the dWarfs are: Nancy. a
pale pink; Diana, delicate pink,
semi-double; Blue Bird is nearest to
blue; Lilac Time, Snowflake white,
Lavender and Mauve Cushion, the
latest to bloom.
In the intermediate group A. amel-
lus italian aster), rich violet; Wonder
OF Staefa CA. frikartD has the longest
blooming season of any hardy aster-
from July to frost, its lavender-blue
flowers are large: Skyland Queen,
light blue; King George blush violet;
A. hybridus luteus, yellow, August and
September; Silver Gem, white; Fell
than Blue, aniline-blue, and A. sub
caeruleus, pale blue.
OF the taller ones the following are
good: Red Rover and Charles Wilson.
red; St. Egwin, rosy pink; Mulberry.
Col. R. F. Durham, purple; Beauty of
ColWell, ageratum blue land double) :;
Mammoth, lavender blue (very large) :;
Barr's Pink, an old standby; Mount
Everest, tall white; Queen Mary, blue
tinted lavender; James Kelway, deep
blue; Glory of Colwell silver-mauye
tsemi-double) Burbank's Charming,
pink mistlike flowers very late), and
A. tartaricus, very tall violet, and
one OF the latest to bloom.
The asters with their many colors.
various heights and seasons of bloom.
thus can fill great many uses III
the home garden. Tall sorts as back
grounds for perennial borders, or in
front OF shrubbery, for woodlands and
roadsldes. and for screening fences
Shorter varieties for color in the sum-
mer and fall in the perennial border
Dwarfs for edgings, for the foreground
and for the rockery. And all are
good for cutting.
Evening star., 1938-07-30

frequent mention Of 1t Is made by
medieval writer's.
Fennel, also of the carrot clan. Is
said to be to fish what mint is to
lamb. In this country it Is chiefly
cultivated for its leaves, the tender
shoots being popular in salad. Al
though not mentioned in the Bible,
it was known to the ancient Chinese.
Hindus and Egyptians, and its place
in Anglo-Saxon cookery antedates the
Norman conquest. In the Middle Ages
1t was considered to have marvellous
reducing qualities. 1t was employed
in the case Of those who are grower
fat to abate their unwieldness and
make them more gaunt and lanke"
1t is still highly popular in France
and Italy for sauces.
THEN parsley, which grows in all
kitchen gardens and can be.
cultivated on a pot on the window
ledge, surpasses all other herbs for
garnishing It's daintily curling leaves
Of shining green gives that indefinable
something to soups and sauces, and
1t is chopped parsley that puts the
aristocratic finish on new potatoes.
1t is nearly always with parsley
that meats are dressed for special
occasions and touches Of 1t will work
miracles in salad.
Parsley is said to have been brought
to England from, Sardinia, of which
island it is a native, in 1548, ind IL
has been improved both in fragrance
and appearance by cultivation. 1t
is supposed to have come originally
from Egypt and is honored in mythol-
ogy by Hercules. 1t is with a chaplet
of curled parsley leaves adorning his
brow that he is represented.
Saffron is plant of the crocus
family, and while largely used in
Medieval Europe as a condiment,
is most familiar today on account
of its coloring properties These ave
contained in the stigmas of the flower
which are deep orange in tone. In
the Orient, saffron is still added to
rice for both flavor and color, and
In parts of Europe it is employed .or
coloring macaroni, vermiceln and other
pastes. 1t is one Of the Old Testament
spices, ranking with spikenard and
cinnamon.
Strangely enough, it is Just about
900 years since saffron was first
brought to England. A pilgrim re-
turning from Tripoli in 1889 concealed
bulb in the hollow of his staff. 1t
was thus well known by the time of
Shakespeare who introduces 1t into
his Winters Tale"-"I must have
saffron TO color the warden pies.
The day has long gone since spices
ranked next to gold in world commerce
and daring navigators set out to brir5
such merchandise back from journeys
end. OF late years, however, thero
has been steadily growing moves
ment to reintroduce the once fable,
and costly "spices of Araby" into
modern cooking. In even the smalle-t
garden space can be found for anise.
balm, chives, sage. rosemary. thyn,r.
parsley, summer savory, and sNe,
marjoram.
(Copyrisht. 1881
Evening star., 1938-07-30
The Garden Notebook
Prepare Soil Now for Planting
Poppies, Peonies or Daffodils.

THE drought may be over, but
look out for the crab grass.
Even those who managed to
Il resist the temptation of eXer-
cising the garden hose and thus
avoided starting the crab grass must
now fight that pest. Stir the soil
often and we'll to keep down the seeds,
which seemingly germinate and grow
to maturity overnight.
Now is the time to give roses the
last feeding. for the season. of COM
mercial fertilizer. A small handful
worked into the soil around the bush
is sufficient to give them strong
growth for fall bloom. If the beds
have been mulched,. the fertilizer can
be spread over the mulch and washed
down to the roots with the hose.
Prepare the soil now for later plant
ing of poppies, peonies and daf1odils
Soil that is we'll prepared and then
allowed to settle will give much less
trouble when setting out plants-the
proper level is important. especially
for peonies Too deep planting is a
frequent cause Of trouble. Many seed
lings of perennials will need to be
transplanted in August and Septem-
Der, and If the soil can be prepared
now time will be saved during the
rush Of planting work. Also by fire.
quent cultivation weed seeds can be
started into growth and killed.
The water lily pools can be cleared
of scum by dissolving one-half grain
Of potassium permanganate for each
gallon of water. The potassium per-
manganate will cause the water to
turn pink for a few days. 1t will not
injure the fish or plants.
1t is desirable to divide the quantity
Of the potassium permanganate into
three or four parts and drop them
into the water at intervals 50 Is to
avoid too great q concentration at
any one point.
For q daring display Of color In
the midsummer, there are few plants
equal to the butterfly weed or orange
milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa). 1t is
a native that has no equal for q
sunny. dry place. Its requirements
are three in number: Sun, drainage
and an acid soil. Sun and acid soil
are easily provided in most Of our gar
dens, but drainage is often lacking In
this area. 1t may be grown from
seed, but better still buy the plants in
September from a nurseryman. Plant
them in a good soil with ample humus
and you will have better display
than is to be found in the wild.
Toe the gardener who has q small
Evening star., 1938-07-30
Tree Should
Be Braced
Properly
Weak Crotches Are
Apt to Split With
Heavy Pressure.

IF A doctor were called in to treat
man with broken neck. he would
probably avoid twisting a wire tightly
around the victims throat as a sup
port. Besides making a poor brace,
the construction of the wire might have
serious effects on the patients breath
ing. Yet amateurs and unskilled work.
ers often employ much the same re-
grettable technique in bracing a weak
or partially split tree crotch, with
equally bad results.
A tree, of course, does not breathe
in the same way as man, and the
effects Of wire twisted around it are
not apparent with such immediate vio-
lence as would be the case with our
human victim. A tree does grow,
however. up until it dies or is destroy
ed. Tightly twisted wire is unable
to grow with the tree, and the result
is that the ring of wire literally chokes
of the section it is supposed to help,
finally killing it.
Trees have inherent weaknesses,
just as We have. If not guarded
against. these will some day result ~
serious trouble. Observation shos.s
that many of our finest shade tre. =
such as the oak and elm. are extremity
prone to split. They often have weak
V-shaped crotches at trunk divisions
or leading of to heavy limbs. These
v crotches split gradually. without any
evidence of real trouble, until one day
wind or sleet acts as the back-break-
ing straw, and -crash!-a beautiful
tree is disflgured or ruined.
Few people realize the immense
weight of large limb. or the terrific
force exerted by a moderate wind on
the vast sail of leaves which it sup
ports After small split has started,
these forces, the fact that the tree is
growing larger and heavier always and
the inroads Of decay in the crack all
contribute to the final and inevitable
destruction of the limb beyond it. Cor
rect bracing alone will save it.
There are several important factors
to be considered in selection of suit
AoNA
must be strong enough to withstand
sudden or unusual strain. 1t must be
resistant to rust and deterioration. and
it must be the type that can be scien-
tiflcally installed to avoid the dangers
of girdling which we first discussed
Best material for this work is that
which has been tested for the particu-
lar work, and is designed for installa-
ton with the least possible injury OF
shock to the tree. One Of the most
effective methods yet developed for
this installation is lag screw. which
is set directly into the wood.
Tree owners should remember that
once a beautiful limb or division Of
the trunk has split of, it is too late
Look for V-shaped crotches, anywhere
in your trees where they have a load
to carry. They are always weak. and
need help. U-shaped crotches are
stronger, but should be braced If they
have an unusual weight depending on
them. The strongest and most desir-
able branching arrangements is known
as a lateral arm crotch" This
branches directly out from the trunk
and is as nearly as possible mechani-
cally perfect. Even here, though
many circumstances may be present
to make bracing a wise preventive
measure.
Evening star., 1938-07-30

the vine will attach itself to anything
and flourish.
Long before the discovery Of the New
World the AZtecs favored their choco-
late with vanilla, and it was one of the
treasures with which the Spanish con-
quistadores returned to Europe about
1910.
AllSpice frequently answers to two
other names-pimento, because of its
resemblance to a pepper corn, and ia
maica pepper, because it is most sue
cessfully grown In Jamaica. Possessing
an aroma and flavor suggestive of
cloves, cinnamon, juniper and nutmeg,
the dried unripe berry of this tree of
the myrtle family has earned the
descriptive name "allspice" 1t serves
many culinary purposes and has its
place in the catalog OF homely rem
edies for various ailments.
although anise came originally from
the Orient 1t is really relation of the
common but universally popular car
rot. 1t Is another of the spices coming
in for prominent mention in the Bible,
Woe unto you, scribes and Pharsees,
hypocrites! for ye pay tithe of mint
and anise and cummin and have
omitted the weightier matters of the
law, judgment, mercy and faith"
In appearance it is of grayish-green
color, almost as small as a pins head.
and. having an intensely sweet taste,
is used to flavor curry powder, pastry,
cake, confectionery and some kinds
OF bread and cheese. Oil of anise is
frequently employed to disguise the
bitter havors Of drugs and to perfume
soaps and articles of the toilet, as
we'll as to flavor beverages.
A MOTHER carrot connection is car
away-a dainty white Towering
plant Of the kitchen garden, whose
seeds are so popular in the spicing of
cheese, cakes, candies and rye bread.
Caraway is also of ancient lineage,
since it is thought to be the careum
of PHny. In the twelfth and thir-
teenth centuries it was grown by the
Arabs in Morocco. whence it spread
to Western Europe.
Cumin or cummin seeds, which
closely resemble caraway, are not very
we'll known in the Western World.
They have passed out of ordinary
kitchen use, but occur in many old
recipes and are still employed in Ger
many to spice bread and in Holland
for cheese. The Latin poets claimed
that the seeds produced a sensation
Of languor. and Isaiah refers to them
as beaten out with a rod" They
still come into the composition of
curry powder in India and are also
used in France for seasoning pickles,
pastry and soups.
Dill, which also falls in the carrot
class. needs no introduction to the
American housewife, who knows it as
highly popular seasoning for pickles,
especially cucumbers In India it is
one of the many ingredients of curry
and also substitutes on occasion for
caraway. The French employ dill for
f1avoring preserves, cakes and pastry.
Its use and cultivation go back to the
time of the Greeks and Romans, and
Evening star., 1938-07-30
The Old Gardener Soys:

Very few garden makers are
familiar with Corydalis bulbosa
1t is. however, an early spring.
blooming perennial we'll worth
getting acquainted with. The
rosy purple flowers somewhat re-
semble those of the bleeding
hearts, of which it is a relative.
The foliage, which disappears
soon after the Towering period is
over in the spring, also resembles
that OF the bleeding-h heart. Be-
cause the foliage dies down so
early in the season, the location
OF the plants should be carefully
marked to prevent disturbing the
tuberous roots during the re-
mainder of the gardening year.
The plants are low growing and
adapted to the front of the peren-
NAL border or to the rock garden.
AS August is the time to set out
corydalis roots. orders for the
plants should be placed imme-
diately.
Evening star., 1938-07-30
A Dark Green Hedge.

The Japanese Yew (Taxus cuspi-
data makes = handsome dark green
hedge. The graceful spreading
branches often have bright colored
berries. When once started it grows
rapidly. 1t Is particularly useful in
deep shade.
Evening star., 1938-07-30
Horticulture Club News
Gladioluses Will Hold Spotlight
Next Week at Two Shows.

, dominate. The winner of this section
will receive from the w. Atlee Burpee
Co. Of Philadelphia. Pa, certificate
emitting the holder to 81 in flower
seeds or bulbs, as listed in their cata-
logue.
Containers will be furnished in
classes / to % and 40 to 40. Ex-
hibitA"s must furnish containers in
all other classes.
A Henry F. Mitchell Co. silver medal
will be awarded to the sweepstake
winner in classes to 81, inclusive.
The Henry A. Dreer Co. of Phila-
delphia, Pa, has given the club a
cup. which will be awarded to the
exhibitor scoring the highest total
number Of points in all flower shows
held by the club during 1898.
The judges will be Howard r. Wat
kins. Somerset. Md, gladioluses; Mrs.
H. E. Ewing, midsummer flowers, and
Miss Marjorie Anderson and Mrs.
John T. Gable, artistic arrangements.
Irving w. johnson. Is chairman of
the Exhibition Committee The mem
bers of the Gladiolus Show Committee
include Mrs. Theodore Ruhoff. chair
man; Mrs. Joseph j. Sazama, vice
chairman; H. B. Hartung, Mrs. Ray
mond Hinton, Mrs. Amelia Burroughs,
Joseph F. Rose, L. w. Petree. Paul w,
Burk, Norman r. N. Firor, DR.. E. A.
Hallowell. Miss Freda Egbert and
John T. Gable.
The Gladiolus Show OF the Hyatts-
vile Horticultural Society will be held
on Thursday. in the school room of
the First Presbyterian Church, corner
of Wine and johnson avenues, Hyatts-
vile. Md.
The room will be open during the
afternoon to receive EXHIBITS which
must be in place by O'Clock in the
evening. The show will be open to
the public from 8 until 10 o'clock in
the evening. The exhibits will be
removed after 10 o'clock
While gladiolus blooms will predom-
mate. there will be classes for arrange
ments of other flowers and for chill
drens exhibits. v. K. Chestnut is
chairman Of the show
Evening star., 1938-07-30
BY MARGARET NOVEL;.

1Ou nave no garden OF will
bordered with the Takng
the
combined with wheat and
"ne you live and other
pottery vase or one beaten silver
and-Wh Indian pottery bowl The ovy
great Importance when interesting oontainer
against colorfu background.
Evening star., 1938-07-30
For Shady Garden.

A desirable primrose for the shady
garden is Primula clusiana, . dainty
rose-colored flower with bright green
foliage.
Evening star., 1938-07-30
Growing Daffodils.

1t takes five to seven years to get a
flower from q daffodil seed. Daffodil
breeders must have plenty Of patience
and $Atth,
Evening star., 1938-07-30
BY GAEL RENFREW.

/ANlA and ap enjoy popularity this continent that
something to do with family pride Along
they form list Of the spices given
'
They all fruit spcesvanila
the orchid family which
Evening star., 1938-07-30
Introduction Of Dwarf
Type Of Hardy Asters
Stimulates Interest
Grouping the Plants by Height
And Their Flowering Season
Simplifes Classification.
By w. H YOUNGMAN.

ME marcy asters or Mchaema daisies they often called
received considerable attention
duction OF the socled dwarf types
Is no doubt, well deserved
Iecd of