davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-09-08
THE REDWOOD GAZETTE, REDWOOD FALLS MINNESOTA
| See by The Gazette

Mr.. and Mrs. B. G.. Hustad,
Harvey and Scott Franta accom-
panied Mr.. and Mrs. F. w. Chap
man of Echo to Darwin where
they spent the weekend with Mr..
and Mrs. G. w. Hatch and family
who had a cabin on Lake Wash
ington. They were also joined
by Mr.. and Mrs. George Simpson
and family of Racine and Mrs.
Claude De France of Bristow,
Iowa.
Mr.. and Mrs. H. G. Taylor and
children Gordon and Mary and
Irene Soderberg of Minneapolis
were guests of DR.. and Mrs. J. C.
Budik from Saturday until Mon
day night.
MIR. and Mrs. J. I. Swedberg
motored to Warroad Saturday
with their daughter Genevieve
who will teach there. They re-
turned Monday.
r. V. Ochs went to Lake Koro-
mis- Saturday to get Mrs. Ochs and
son Parker. They returned home
Monday.
Bill Finn and two Harvard
classmates, William Atkinson of
Minneapolis and James Caldwell
of Lookout Mountin, Tennessee
left today for a 10 day canoe trip
N Canada.
H. w. Shoemaker is ill with
pneumonia at his home and under
the care of trained nurse.
Robert Budik spent last week
visiting Wayne Swanson in Min
neapolis and attended the state
fair.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lee Towne ana
daughter of Watertown, South
Dakota were here Sunday and
Monday visiting Mr.. Towne's
sister, Mrs. w. R. Barnes, Mrs.
Max Treu and Mr.. and Mrs. G.
A. Hillig.
Mr.. and Mrs. c. A. Hillig mo-
tored to Minneapolis Monday
with their daughter Jeanette who
has enrolled at Miss Woods kin
dergarten school.
Mrs. Max Treu and children,
Mrs. w. R. Barnes, Billie Hillig
and their guests Mr.. and Mrs.
Lee Towne attended the Box Car
celebration at Tracy Monday.
Earl Whiting arrived Monday
evening by car from Bound
Brook, New Jersey to spend ten
days here with Mr.. and Mrs. c.
H. Whiting and other relatives.
Accompanying him was Charlotte
Japs of Swedesboro, New Jersey
who is a guest at the Thune res
idence. She will leave Saturday
for Young America to visit rela-
tives and they will return east
next week.
Mr.. ard Mrs. r. H. Root and
daughter Donna spent Sunday at
st. Cloud.
Mrs. Oliver Leavens returned
Sunday from University hospital
where she had been a patient for
ten weeks.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-09-08

entertained at dinner Sunday MIR.
and Mrs. Herman Nelson and son
Bobbie and the, afternoon was
spent at Redwood Falls.
John Waldo of Bottineau, N. D.
arrived at the Richard Schaffran
home Thursday. VelIna Schaffran
accompanied him to st. Paul
where she was an overnight
guest of her sisters Ella and
Adel1a, returning Friday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Otto and
family and Mr.. and Mrs. Albert
Bittner were business visitors at
Redwood Falls Thursday.
Mrs. Amanda Nelson and Mrs.
Herman Nelson and Robert of
Westbrook visited at the Ed
Smith home Saturday.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-09-08

Cordes from New Ulm, MIR. and
Mrs. Henry Meierding and dau-
ghter Lydia of st. Paul and son
Harold of Dallas, Texas, Rev. and
Mrs. Herman Georgians, Mr.. and
Mrs. Arnold CordeS and son
Richard and daughter Cyrlin, Mr..
and Mrs. Willard Cordes,
Mr.. and Mrs. Wayne Stryker
and daughter Kathryn, Mr.. and
Mrs. Ed Gleane, all of st. Paul,
Mr.. and Mrs. Erwin Laurence
and family of Kasson, Mr.. and
Mrs. Louis Laurence and son Mil
ton of Springfield and daughter
Mildred of Rochester, Mr.. and
Mrs. Louis Meierding and family,
Mr.. and Mrs. Archie Jensen and
family, Mr.. and Mrs. Aaron Laabs
of Colorado Springs, Colo, MIR.
and Mrs. Leo LaabS and family,
Mr.. and Mrs. Richard Laabs all
of Echo, Mr.. and Mrs. Gerald Fish
of Chicago, Mr.. and Mrs. w. G.
Schmidt and son Dean of Cotton
wood, Mrs. Mark Gates of Santa
Monica, Calf. and Ruth Meierd-
ing who is home for her vacation.
Mesdames E. R. Lamp, E. H.
Albrecht, j. A. Shank and F S.
Pollard attended an Eastern Star
meeting at Morton Tuesday eve
ming. Mrs. Lamp and Mrs. AL
brecht were on the serving COM
mittee. Mr.. and Mrs. Glenn
Squibb, worthy patron and wor-
thy matron were honored after
the regular meeting by a special
program on their twenty-eighth
wedding anniversary. After
mock wedding ceremony the
SquibbS were presented with a
purse of money.
Mrs. Andrew Aaron (Susie
Lorge) of Dallas, Texas visited
Mrs. E. H. Albrecht Friday. Her
parents were pioneer residents
here.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-09-08
Youths Sentenced
For Drunk Driving

Pleas of guilty to drunken driv-
ing charges were made by An
drew Goodthunder, 10, and Art
Gribbons, 10, in hearing before
Judge Tom Reed here Wednes-
day.
The two youths We're arrested
by Mike Fagen, Wabasso con-
stable, Sunday when they tipped
over in a Model T Ford a mile
north of the village.
Judge Reed gave them $50 or
so days and a years suspension of
their drivers licenses. They
agreed to pay the fines.
Pleading guilty to a forgery
charge, l.. M. Lindeman of Red
wood Falls was sentenced to two
years in the st. Cloud penitent-
larry at hearing in New Ulm last
week.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-09-08
Meierdings HonOred
On Silver Wedding
At Big Gathering

Morgan-Mr. and Mrs. Erwin
Meierding celebrated their TWEEN
ty-fifth wedding anniversary Sum
day after relatives from far and
near attended the morning service
at the Methodist church where
Mr.. Meierding is a member of the
male quartet of the church choir.
After church the large crowd
of relatives gathered at the Meier
ding home four miles northeast
of Morgan where wedding din
ner was served, cafeteria style to
over 100 guests.
The gathering also celebrated
the silver wedding anniversary of
Mr.. and Mrs. Elmer Lueck of DAN
ube (brother and sister-in-law of
Mrs. Meierding) who were the
bridal attendants. Their silver
anniversary is November 81.
Seated at the table with the two
couples were, Rev. and Mrs. H. A.
Potthoff, Rev. and Mrs. Elmer
Gebhardt and Mrs. Louisa LaabS,
mother of Mrs. Meierding.
Large bowls of fruit and decor
ated wedding cake were center
pieces for the dinner table.
The honored couples were pre-
sented with gifts at the close of
the meal.
Lunch was served at 6 p. m. and
later neighbors and members of
the church came to attend the au-
tomobile evening service which is
held by the congregation at farm
homes during the summer months.
Among the large crowd present
were five ministers, Rev. E. D.
Groenig, superintendent of the
Mankato district, was the speaker
and a portable organ provided
music.
After the service, cake brought
by women of the church and ice
cream were served. Rev. Geb-
hardt in behalf of the church
presented Mr.. and Mrs. Meierding
with an occasional chair.
Mr.. and Mrs. Meierding were
married at the Methodist church
at Echo, September 4, 1913. They
began housekeeping on the home
farm and Is years ago purchased
a part of the farm and built
their present home. They are
parents of three girls and five
boys. One son, Ray, died in child
hood. With the exception of the
eldest daughter, Ruth, of Pasa-
dena, Calf, the children all live
at home. They are ROLAND, STAN
ley, Westby, Carole, Erwin Jr.,
Chester and Dorothy.
Among the friends present
were F. Becker, Mr.. and Mrs.
Herman Becker, MIR. and Mrs. Ed
Lueck and family, Mr.. and Mrs.
Gus Lueck and family, all from
Middle Creek, Mr.. and Mrs. AL
bert Lueck and family, Mr.. and
Mrs. H. l.. Black and family, MIR.
and Mrs. Willis Lueck, all from
Danube, Mr.. and Mrs. Rudolph
Prodoehl and family, Mrs. Amelia
Prodoehl of Olivia, Mrs. Louis
Sandaw, Mr.. and Mrs. Charles
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-09-08
Mrs. ]. p. Snyder
Dies At Marshall

Mrs. John P. Snyder, the form
er Matte Callaghan, died at Mar
shall Thursday after a brief ill
ness with kidney ailment.
Funeral services were held at
the Catholic church at Marshall
at 8 a. m. Saturday.
Surviving are her husband, a
son and daughter, three sisters,
Helen Callaghan of St. Cloud,
Mrs. Merritt Caughlan of Manka-
to and Mrs. Henry johnson Of
Brookings, South Dakota and five
brothers, Harry O'Callaghan of
near Redwood Falls, Paul, Will
liam, Bert and Emil.
Those from here who attended
the funeral were Mrs. J. H. Klaus,
Mrs. c. A. Lauterbach and Mrs.
E. L. Gallea.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-09-08
JOHNSONVIILE
WATERBURY
BY Mrs. Robert Schaffran

Waterbury and Joflnsonyille-
Mrs. Everett Hartwich and sons
LaVerne and Russell of Lucan
spent Friday with Mrs. Milton
Hartwich.
William Gerth and Mrs. Walter
Zimmerman and Gerald were
business visitors at Redwood Falls
Friday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Bernard Schaffran
and sons and Mr.. and Mrs. Rich
ard Schaffran and Ve1ma spent
Sunday at Wood Lake with rela-
tives and friends.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Rue and
family attended the silver we'd
ding celebration at Marshall Sum
day afternoon when Mr.. and Mrs.
Fred Hausamann of Lucan were
the honored guests.
Jelto Mammenga and children
of White Bear Lake are visiting at
the parental Jelto Mammenga
home.
Mrs. Elizabeth Lamprecht and
Albert returned Tuesday from
Milwaukee where they visited Mr..
and Mrs. John Lamprecht and
family. ....
Mr.. and Mrs. Wilbur Bittner
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-09-08
CHARLESTOWN
By Mrs. C.. Rockwell

By Mrs. c. Rockwell
Charlestown - Rev. and Mrs.
Siewert of Redwood Falls, Rev.
and Mrs. Worledman OF Wabasso,
Bishop Praetorious of st. Paul,
Rev. Miller of Minneapolis and
Rev. and Mrs. c. Butler of Spring.
field were guests at the sixtieth
anniversary of the Germantown
Evangelical church Sunday.
Arlo Jeanne Wegner of Sleepy
Eye was guest of her aunt, Mrs.
Milton Werner, Thursday.
Hazel Butler Of Hendricks and
Charles Lutkens of LeMarS, Iowa
were guests of MIR. ana Mrs. Clar-
ence Schwanke Sunday and at
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-09-08

Mr.. and Mrs. Vern Richard
and family of Benson came Sum
day evening to visit at the home
of Mrs. Richards brother, r. ii.
Root and family until Monday
evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Parker
returned Saturday from a stay
at Lake Koronis.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-09-08

head his own show in person on
the Falls theatre stage Monday
and Tuesday.
Audrey Dennison, beautiful
Paramount dancer; Fatty Laymon,
film comedian and Billy's sisters,
Dolores, violinist and singer and
Evelyn, accordionist, will appear
here with him.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-09-08

Mr.. and Mrs. L. E. Backer have
returned from a five weeks visit
in Chicago and California.
Gordon Alexander returned
Tuesday night from a trip to
Grand Marais, Michigan where
he had gone with Mrs. j. c. Buck
bee and daughters of Minneapolis.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-09-08

Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Wegner
were business callers at Window
Tuesday.
George Johnson and sons, John,
Jake and Raymond spent from
Sunday until Tuesday at the state
fair.
Rev. and Mrs. R. c. Mittlestadt
of Faribault called on friends in
this community last week. They
were dinner guests at the Louis
Kissner home Wednesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Fred MART of
Waseca and Mr.. and Mrs. Donald
MART and Barbara of Faribault,
Mr.. nd Mrs. Ben Marti and dau-
ghter, Viola and Mr.. and Mrs. Roy
Marti and family of Lake Benton,
Mr.. and Mrs. Ben MART and dau-
family and Mr.. and Mrs. William
Borchardt were Sunday guests at
the L. Kissner home.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-09-08
Film Actors Will
Appear at Falls

Billy Barty, child star who will
be most wildly recalled as the
boy who bit Fred MacMurray on
the leg in Nothing Sacred" will
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-09-08

Little Scott Franta of Wabasso
is spending two weeks at the
home of his uncle and aunt, Mr..
and Mrs. B. G. Hustad while his
parents are on a motor trip to the
Atlantic seaboard.
Renetta Naab returned We'd
nesday night from Minneapolis
where she had gone Saturday to
attend the state fair.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1938-09-02
Cosmopolitan Club
Presents Gene Gov

Gene Coy and his Black Aces,
sensational dance orchestra has
been secured by the Cosmopolitan
Club to play their Labor Day
dance at Finnish Hall, 18th and
Washington streets, Monday, Sep
TENDER 5.
Coy and his boys have made an
enviable name for themselves with
their scintillating rhythm, and no.
velty numbers. The Cosmopolitan
Club feels that they have been
fortunate in securing the services
of Coy, as the last time the band
played for members of the race it
was at the Elks picnnic, and they
broke all records for attendance
and received outstanding compli-
ments from dance lovers for play
ing real danceable music.
The Owls girl soft ball team
will be guests of honor on Labor
Day, and they will display the
trophy they won as the champion
girls soft ball team in the state.
Bruce Rowell, their manager, also
will be present to tell the fans
the ms and outs of their courag-
eous drive to the championship.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1938-09-02
Helena, Montana
BY HEX

When we claim to be the first
in this or that movem,nt in a
community or state, we should
first be sure of our history, or
satisfied that death has claimed
all of those who may have any
knowledge of the past history of
said community. We do not desire
to lessen the value of accomplished
work in behalf of Negroes of this
state, but we are particularly de-
sirous of keeping the record
straight and giving credit where
it Is due. The chairman of the
legislative committee of the Mon
tana Federation of Negro Women's
clubs asserted, IF l do not get
this bill put over, anyway I'll be
the first person to have proposed
civil rights to a legislature in
this state" Now for the record.
Senate Bill 81, introduced by Sem
ator Edwards to prevent discrim-
nation on account of color, race,
or religion, was favorably recon-
mended to the Senate, after con-
sideration by the committee on
counties and towns. Mr.. L. C.
Foreman, better known as "Buz,"
now deceased, was the author of
the bill, and with Rev. E. B. Reed
and Rev. George Allen of Butte,
and Rev. George F. Martin, APP
peared before the committee in
behalf of the bill. Others of the
committee who were to appear
were Rev. II. c. Parsons, Mrs. o.
r. Ruffin and ]. E. w. Clarke"
The above is clipping taken
from the Kansas City Sun, dated
February17, 1919. Over forty years
ago ]. P. Ball, Jr. was candid
ate for the legislature. w. ].
(BilD Wheaton was active in poll
tics, and was doorkeeper for the
Senate. George Woodson, who
later became a prominent lawyer
in Iowa, was an outstanding fig
ure in political games in this state.
Many more could be mentioned,
but these are enough to indicate
the alert political minds who did
more work, politically, in their
day than could be done in the past
ten years.
Joseph M Welsh, SIS, died sud-
denly at st. Peters hospital last
Sunday night, following a stroke
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1938-09-02
More of Owls Team
CONTINUED from Page u


noon game between the Owls and
Queen Anne with the Owls trailing
for five innings, 4 to 0. In the Sc
venth inning the Owls tied the
score. In the extra inning Queen
Anne scored a run, making it to
4. The Owls then went to bat with
Bert Johnson hitting a two Dagger,
then (grandstand) Freeman hit
three Dagger which she stretched
into home run to give the Owls
victory.
On the opening night the Owls
defeated Woodenville II to 2.
Sunday night at p. m. the Owls
played Manette, who had defeated
Dams Market earlier in the day.
Before the game started the girls
were presented with a luck wreath
from the Owls Club. zelma Win
slow made the presentation in be-
nalf OF the cluD.
The Owls opened the first inn
ing with five runs. In the fourth
inning they got four runs with Lii
liam Brown hitting homer. The
fifth inning was the Owls big inn
ing with sixteen batters going to
bat and scoring eleven runs. The
game was called in the fifth with
the Owls ahead 81 to /. Manette
scored their only run in the third
inning. Lillian held the opposition
to three hits, the Owls collecting
10. The outstanding slugger for
the Owls was Dolly Martin who got
four hits for four.
At the end of the game the Owls
were presented with very beau
tiful 30-inch trophy, and little gold
baseballs as tokens of their VIC
tory, which made them Women's
Washington State Softball Cham
pions.
There are no two happier people
on the squad than Manager Bruce
Rowell and Coach Glen Gianini.
This is the second time that Bruce
has managed team to champion
ship. Coach Glen Gianini has been
three years trying to produce a
championship mems team and this
year it happened to be his good
fortune to be coaching the girls,
SO, hats off to the two men who
were greatly responsible for the
girls victory.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1938-09-02
EDITORIAL

Recently in the Madison district there has been
naugurated to adequate payfed facilities Those
who have taken the initiative to be commended for
every time payfeld opened then that district has be-
the recipient of of the greatest instruments
against juvenile delinquency. Again, let compliment
those who have taken the initiative.
Several years ago. the old South End Civic and Political
Club headed by E. Robinson and VIM j. Hyatt had
of the cardinal points in their program payeld and field
house the Madison district considerable amount of
energy put into the effort which did not have the op
portuniy then has to become reality Thanks to
the W.P.A and President Roosevets planning for civic
beterment The present committee headed by j. A. john
should believe that possibly they have already
consulted Messs. Hyatt and Robinson and learned what
stumbling blocks they into endeavoring place their
plan into action.
Not only is playfied servceable to the community in
that reduces juvenile delinquency affords safe place
for youngsters to play the entire community in
many ways Nothing adds to the enjoyment of life
than to engage heahul recreation this is applicable
of all ages However grownups won't take advan-
ages of parks and payfeds unless they in close
proximity to their homes while young people will great
distances that they may enjoy these modern community adj
vantages Ofmes the distance is hardship the youth
because the family does not want them such distance
from home which another that at strategic To-
cations payeds and field houses should be
all sections of the city
The Northwest Enterprise pledges itself to assist in any
possible to payfelds for any part
the city where there need for the However we
feel that statistics show that the district has it's
playfelds then every effort soud be made
building of date field house Garfield Fairgrounds
The entire community should get behind this movement
and not relax the until the desired
plished.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1938-09-02
More of Taxation
Continued from Page one)

Continued from Page One)
education, free libraries, free parks,
ETC., must be paid through taxes
Labelling them free does not make
them So
Any special tax favors granted
to privileged individuals or groups,
is surely a violation not only of
fair play but of the law. And GER
tainly the fragrant practice of
granting special favors at the tax
payers expense is grossly unfair.
An administration that permitted
so many to dodge lawful taxation
would be detriment to any coun-
try.
Fair play in taxation will be re-
allied upon completion of Roy 3.
Misener's revaluation program
when every piece of property as
well as all taxable personal prop
erty win be on the tax rolls and
no favored individuals or groups
viii be allowed to go tax-free at
the expense of their neighbors.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1938-09-02

and a blood clot on the brain Mr.
Welsh operated a cleaning and
tailoring establishment on Broad
way. He came to Helena about
rs years ago from Red Lodge. He
was born in Pennsylvania. Fune-
raj arrangements are pending.
On the ground of mental cruel
ty. divorce was granted Marie
Christian from Horace Christian
by Judge George w. Padbury, Jr.,
in the district court. The couple
were married June "a, 1924, in
Butte.
Mr.. and Mrs. ]. E. Ingram and
Miss Carrie Soulds returned from
the A.M.E. conference Monday
night. The party cut the Yellow
stone National Park trip, owing
to a telegram received by Mr.. In
gram announcing the death of his
mother in Memphis, Tenn. She
died August 80, at the age of S.
Her name was Mrs. Henrietta
Gamer.
Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph Mast, Mrs
II. ]. Baker, and little Miss Mar
velle Mast motored to Butte Sun
day.
Mr. and Mrs. Ridley and neice,
Mrs. Harris, Mr.. and Mrs. Richard
Fisher and Mr.. and Mrs. Bruce
Fisher of Butte, were visitors in
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1938-09-02

Judge Knott is a member of
the Traffic Safety Council and
is very active in carrying out
its program. He handles
greater percentage Of criminal
cases in Justice Court tmainly
the liquor casesl. used good
Judgment and take the evidence
only for his decisions. No one
can say Judge Knott abuses a
charge in his court.
This candidate is interested
in Juvenile delinquency and sees
to it that evrey case is given
his most careful consideration
regardless Of who it is. He has
over one hundred boys on par
ole at this time reporting TO the
court each week. He has found
employment for several and aids
them to become useful and good
citizens instead of sending them
to jail to be versed and taught
real crime.
Judge Knott handles practi-
cally all of the State Fisheries
Games Cases, and he believes in
the conservation of fish and
game. He handles the State
Highway and State Patrol mat
tiers, and has aided in safe and
sane operation of motor vehi-
cles and protection of pedes-
TRANS.
Judge and his office force
have absolutely no racial preju
dice. He treats all of his cases
alike and gives his decisions up
on facts presented regardless of
race, creed or color.
My experience in dealing with
Judge Knott and his court for
the last six years has clearly
convinced me that he is the
man we must keep on the
bench. BE SURE TO VOTE
FOR JUDGE KNOTT SEPT.
10.
Prentis Frazier.
paid Advertisement
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1938-09-02

etc, have been most carefully
handled, and his descisions are
based on EVIDENCE. I find
in Judge Hoar public officer,
well trained and well versed,
and wholly without racial pre-
JUDGE. If we can keep such
men as Judge Hoar in public
office we will have nothing to
regret.
Therefore, heartily recon-
mend for the consideration of
the voters of King County,
Judge William Hoar. He is fair
and honest, and not only that,
he has chosen an office force
that exemplify these same char
acteristics.
Prentis Frazier
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1938-09-02
More of Liquor Board
Continued from Page One

siaSN AiohA oSS OiiS
tins administration has done little
if anything for its Negro support
ers. However, they said that the
right to earn living by working
at their profession is the only de-
sire of these musicians, entertain
ers and walters, who feel the eff
fects of the Liquor Boards actions
direct. 1t is not them alone they
say, as many have their homes in
Seattle and are the heads of fami-
lies who likewise have to suffer.