davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1938-09-29

cities-the Chicago sportsman
sped by airplane across the con-
tinent. Phoenix, Kansas City,
st. Louis, Milwaukee, Chicago,
Philadelphia and then New
York watched the marathOner
carve another chapter of links
history. Complying with a stip-
uIatiOn that all rounds were to
be played under 100, Ferebee
finished with a total of 1850
strokes.
I'm tired, very tired" sighed
the broker when his last putt
dropped into the cup. Then,
after q slight rest, he headed for
New York, stopping at the
World Fair site to play his 6$1st
hole,
The Washington times., 1938-09-29
DISTRICT POLICE
TO VIE IN SHOOT

More than 100 Eastern teams
have been invited to compete in
a pistol match at the range of the
Park Police and Metropolitan Po-
lice at Abingdon, Va, south of the
Highway Bridge, on the Mount
Vernon Highway.
The competition will be held
Tuesday and Wednesday, october
4 and S, with trophies for the win
ming team and five individual
high scorers.
Members Of the committee ar"
ranging the match are Sergt. s. r.
Mckee, Private Howard Crawford,
Metropolitan Police, and PrivateS
J. A. Hamilton and E. S. Most, OF
the Park Police.
The Washington times., 1938-09-29

tremely healthy, hardy animal
of great stamina.
Since the breeding of the Pek-
ingese was held sacred and kept
within the confines of the royal
family, the possession of one
by an outsider meant the death
penalty. The first specimens
were not brought to England
until 1860, however, when Lord
John Hay found five dogs in
the empress dowager's deserted
summer palace.
One was presented to Queen
Victoria and the remaining four
were used for breeding purposes,
along with the few that were
smuggled in from time to time,
until the open expectation Of
the breed was permitted after
the overthrow of the Chinese
The Washington times., 1938-09-29

as the Ming dynasty.
The Washington times., 1938-09-29
DETTWEILER DUO.
WIN Low CROSS.
IN D. C. TOURNEY

The sister-and-brother team OF
Helen and Billy Dettweiler, Mary
land State women's champion
and Georgetown University team
captain, respectively, worked SO
well in golfing harness yesterday
that they pulled away with low.
gross honors in the District mixed
Scotch foursome event at Wash
ington Golf and Country Club
from a field of 20 other combina-
tions. They shot a brilliant "a,
two over mems par.
Mrs. Bishop Hill and John
Brawner, of Chevy Chase, also
carded a gross IA, but elected to
take second low-net honors with
a 10 rather than string out COM
petition with a play-off. First
low-net award was won by Lillian
Rixey, unattached, and Volney
Burnett, of Kenwood, with 81
1888.
On the out nine, the Dettweiler
pair ran up three brides for a
par 35. On the back nine they
struck two bad holes with a six
and a seven on holes 10 and ID,
but gained back some Of their
lost ground when Billy sank 40
foot putt over the upand-down-hlll
green on the 234-yard fourteenth
for a birdie duce.
Mrs. Hills and Mr.. Brawner's
card was less spectacular, but
more consistent. They carded only
one birdie on the entire round,
with a two on the second hole,
but their out-nine of 81 was
matched by their in nine, for a
for a birdie deuce.
The Indian Spring team Of Mrs.
H. w. Sharpe and Dick Melvin
took the third low net prize with
84-11-73.
RESULTS
Helen and Billy Dettweiler (con.),
1888, 74-O. "A.
Mrs. Bishop Hill and John Brawner
(C.C.), S7-37, 74-4, 70. ~
Miss Lillian Rixey (unat.) and Volney
G. Burnett (Ken),. 42-Ss. S1-1S, 6s:
Q.s), 4O-44, Sill, 7S.
Mrs. Charlotte Stern and Roger Pea
cock QS), 4O-Ss, 7S-4, "a.
Mrs H. L. siwe9s 141s ana N p W. cSifee
Mrs r. E. Hotze twash.) and W: R.
McCallum (wash.). 1912, s5-11. "a.
Mrs. Jack Scott (unat.) and Russ
Hollebaugh G.S., 39-41. So-5, IS.
Falls tWash.). 44-4s, so-15, Is.
Mrs Myron Davy and DR.. R. A. Keilty
(congD. 42-41. 1871. rs.
Mrs Leo walper (cap.) and Perry Pat
tison (Wash.), 39-43, S2-5. II.
Mrs. W. Fox and William Pendergast
(Cap.), 45-4S, 91-13, rs.
Mrs. H. L. Lacey tCol) and DR.. D
King (Wash.), 51-44, 95-17, 7S.
Mr. and Mrs. Earl clary Q's)' 45-S2
Mrs. Betty Meckley G;s1 and N Maur'
Mr. and Mrs, Franklin (washD, 81,
~ Mr, and Mrs. X. s. Giles. Il. 81. 4s,
Or. and MIS- G. W. steele. "a. and
Mr.; and Mrs. Merrill Lord lcol)' 4s'
Mr.. and Mrs. Richard Kreuzberg q
Mrs: ": Russell "a and NJ, ~. and s1
Mrs. C. P. Medley and Frank Butler
u Marion sii; BRO Brown (M.j and Charles Ma.
| lone Il. 81. 47-4S, 90-5, IS.
| Mrs. Lloyd Kihlken and John Bach
man Il. S.. 51-54, 1o5-1S, 81:
lop (wash.). $3.50. 1O9-1s, a.:
Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Mihills (M)'
| 1919, 1915, 80.
Mrs. ]. Hill and L. L. Stratton (M.),
| 1851. 94-14, 80.
Mrs. schulman and A. E. steinem
| (Woodmont), no card.
Mrs. G. c. Roney and James Tracy
l (Wash.), 45-48, 93-12, 81.
The Washington times., 1938-09-29

Bob Wilson Cr e 3 U
schooling blues, rock and trout.
Fresh water bass fishing is again
coming into its own after a siege
of murky water and 1t looks as
though we're in for some excel
lent bassing.
Yes, the big-fish season is now
on in a great way, but, remem-
ber. when the migratory tribes
start their southern run why
they're on their way until the
summer of 1899. Bass, of course,
are a honey lot, seldom stray
ing from their abodes and they
may be angled for until Decem-
ber 1, when man-made laws close
the season.
Perry Miller, one of the pio-
neer angling editors around
these parts and a great fellow,
went fishing at SolomonS last
Sunday. Gentlemen, this is real
news to the fishing fraternity
to know that Perry is staging a
comeback after many, many
months of being physically on
the shelf. Perry carried on the
tradition of the angling writer's
clan on his trip by failing to
catch a fish, while those in the
partv were literally pulling
them in. This column certainly
wishes for Perry tight lines and
q complete recovery, that will
bring him back to his old self.
From all appearances it looks
as though the migratory tribes
in their entirety are still with
us for here's one party that
brought to boat eleven different
varieties while cumming and
still fishing. Two Of the species,
oyster toads (toadfishO and blow
toads were most unwelcome, but
the blues, rock, trout, black
wills, founders, hardheads,
King William perch, mullets
and spot were greeted with open
palms. The party, Mickey"
johnson, Otis Lawrence, Charles
Barthleme W, Al Schaffer,
Charles Sperol and Chief"
Smallwood, boated out Of Ken
wood Beach and made their
fishing grounds at James Point
on the opposite side of the
Chesapeake. They boated over
100 fish, which included 81
blues of fair size. The blues
were all taken cumming, while
the balance of the catch were
caught still fishing with cut spot
as bait,
The Washington times., 1938-09-29

in an attempt
to a &C o u n t
for his lion
like body and
the boldneSS
of spirit and
d a u n t ! e IS
C ou ra 6 e OF
dogs m a n y
times his size.
No m a t t e r
W h a t his
origin m a y
be, he is dis
tinctly q Chi
neSe dog and
like the chow
chow an RX-
The Washington times., 1938-09-29
Up the
Stream
With BOB WILSON

Saltwater fishing is good and
II weather conditions hold as is
then the pleasant pastime Of
angling will go out with blaze
Of glory some three or four
The Washington times., 1938-09-29

weeks hence.
T h e n e W
moon, now in
the making,
W i'll shortly
r e ach / t S
zenith, a n d
judging from
early-fan sat
elites tina t
have gone be-
fore the COM
ing full les
ser-light GER
tainly should
bring to the
nearby waters
The Washington times., 1938-09-29
Virginia Tech FroSh GridderS to Open

BLACKsBURG Va, Sept 2e Virginia Frosh grdders
Buefed College will be Satur They play five during the
days opening opponent Of the season
The Washington times., 1938-09-29
By MILTON A. BosLEY. D. v. M

clever Chinese canine whose disdainul dignity bellies
his midget mischievousness, is the Pekngese.
This royal dog of China possesses positive proof of his
antiquity in carvings paintings and sculptures as far back
The Washington times., 1938-09-29

There are many olorful
stories told concerning the
origin of this diminutiYe breed,
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1938-04-07

She sighed. deeply and drear-
lily. Il might as well get some
Sleep" she finally decided.
Things never look so gloomy III
the morning -. :"
And the next morning things
did look better.
Her brown curls tucked under
bright blue beret, the fur collar
of her tweed coat turned up IN
back. joyce vcntured out on deck.
The air was cold and clear, but
during the night the wind had
died down, and this morning the
sea- was calm and rcpentant. A
low ground swell lifted the ship
in Il slow, steady roll, but one
scarcely noticed the motion.
As she walked around the deck,
she stopped, involuntarily, at the
spot of her disastrous encounter
the night before, and looked over
the rail. A moment later someone
drew alongside and stood next to
her.
Its not there" familiar
voice said to her. give looked
myself
She turned quickly and looked
up at the young man who had
caused it all.
OH she said without en-
thusiaSm. "You'rc here again"
"A criminal always returns to
the scene Of his crime, they say
She noticed, in the bright light
Of early morning, that he was not
at all a bad-lOoking young man.
She liked the clear, strong cut OF
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1938-04-07

the ache in my feet, sympathl@lng
when their feelings get hurt. q.
And for what? So that you can
meet the right sort Of people and
make 4 brilliant match. .
".Don't nag," ISObcl mpiored'
pg,uinr. "Iil meet Mr.. Hamilton.
but let me get Il look III him be-
fore YOU marry me off.
And yet another deck below,
in noxt-to-minimum rate Single
Room C-2ll. Joyce Miner press
cd her nose against the heavy
glass of the portfolio and stared
dismally out at the bluc-grccn
foam Of he spray.
~ line beginning 10 Il Big Ad-
venture" she thought gLoomiIy.
Not a dime to buy an ice cream
cone # | go ashore.
Indeed. why go ashore? The
tickets for shore excursions were
gone. For that one glamorouS
night in gay Havana, where duSky
Girls swayrd to the original
rhumba, and dark, handsome
SENIORS kissed fingertipS or
jamaica. with it's blue covcs and
lagoons. bordered with royal
palms and dotted with the bril-
lance of tropical coverings .
for the trip over coral roadwayS
to Spanish Town i'm Bermuda,
where old-world cOnQuistadores
anchored their miniature gallcOns
for the ride to the towering,
majestic fortress which the black
Emperor Henri Christophc had
built in Haiti. q mighty challenge
10 the armies Of Napoleon. e.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1938-04-07
If social service.

~ cocinl Snrvicp
Money fm. thp moody i oht,;n.
al NV house-fo-horsn collections
~, rho saIr of cnhIc,,s and from,
10 "SinnIe-cnur.n n,y :, .undn,.
y5;cb oyn,,. fan,;Iv nm "I' , WAX
boc :, rno-roursn pn,l and ,In-
.'''. H. .lY,,.,. ....''i ,,'u,',,
IA, : ' w
Sn0pTr0M pnApns SET lip
H. ,-., ' D''-rN' 49, h,.
80 p ""''''' VI ., :''''''''' ~
been PaftIE Soiyrd ny private
au"P'i"it ellGe'e" Win 'iie 'tP'i",
F'i u p:'''"S '"''''"Sc" ~ i WV
hi;ly"t' VICAR one o! III" "'Ef''
%cn"oiNIaStrfa an" :, huhIciN"' III
SP&It"' o. Aea!'h. =. ,
h'''''S' "cI,'i u W. ~ ~, W.
Io"NS ana villages VIII !ht' o"'.''
Il rs" H'Sl' u n""S,i'E' u - C, ,'i,.'
ulan$ prepared Tor the new nuSr-
me-: rrIya! mat instead "I lht
lNplca! Spanish patio, the ne"
house SW!l! have front gardens. IN
The English style. Reconstruction
will be by property owners meet
ing The chambers Of town prop
crty. under government SupciFi-
sion.
Many measures now IN force III
Frances territory were started by
4uCipo d" hlamo i'll ScVlIla ana
later extended to other parts.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1938-04-07
FRANCO AIDES
out TO HELP
WORKING, Folk,
Nationalist Associates bay
y,}!eness Reduced and
Wages Raised

ONION April 7. (Uf) y Ef-
ro,fs Of the Franco regime TO M
nrnvc the lot OF the WorkIn%-
''as.rs have been outlined by
,;,,nro representatives mere.
Ttnv declare unemployment
b.s hrrn reduced, wages lmploI-
cd the task Of constructing aIe-
r,I,rr houses for The workers be
@,'r workncn'S compensation cS-
.,LIishcd. extensive social and
welfare services created and plan,
I,,yn for the reconstruction OF
yilIagrs and towns destroyed in
irnrrpIoymcnl is said to have
hnrr abolished in Salamanca, Il
rity Of $4,000 inhabitants, where
thrr, were 1000 without work.
Employment bureaus were set up
thr1ughoul The territory captured
Inv TIYnco's troops and in Saia-
.l,anca the city council spent jO),-
600 pcScta& on paving - street,
and 10000 pcSct"S more on
bcautiIving the city.
In addition to public works, au-
thori,ics forced private employers
70 start their idle factories and
works hops irrespective Of Whcth
Il. they were owned by Spaniards
or foreigners, under penalty Of
haviu, them seized.
JCBLESS PAY NO RENT
All unemployed have been de-
c!arcd exempt from paying rent,
water and light rates If their rent
!, below $50 pCSctuS month.
The los to landlords is spread
even. by pooling the total amount
Of money received in rent and
,iuliny out to each landlord ms
nrouurtiouatc share after deduct
ing the pardoncI rents. Light and
water companies recover their
losses by being allowed 10 SUI
Charge Go per cent to those pay
Ing.
The i.alangr EspanoIa took Tie
lead in the task Of feeding ana
housing The dcatitut" and in 4
ycur created III djling-roomS,
assisting daily 1926 people,
serving i,G6S.7"i meals monthly.
according TO Frances aides.
Every woman between the ages
Of II and 81 mas to DO six months
social service before Sh" can en-
ter any profession OF position Of
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1938-04-07

his chin, the sturdy set OF MS
shoulders; she saw that his eyes
were the same bright blue of the
ocean, and that there was a
friendly smile lurking in their
depths.
I'D like to tell you again" he
offered, "how sorry am"
Contrile, Joyce smiled at him.
ut wasn't your fault" she adj
mittcd. at was altogether an nc-
cident. guess was more angry
because YOU made so light OF my
loss"
"But didn't mean To do that.
WIS relieved to discover that II
was an amount which ! could re-
mot ut ALL" Joyce cut him
short. after all, it was an acci,
dent, ami YOU don't know me
I'D like to. My names ham'i-
ton-Dic!: Hamilton. Will you ac-
cent the introduction, so mat
can start to make amends
Che nodded. "rm Joyce Mil
ner. 80,
He hcld out his hand and grin
ned. "A girl named Joyce should
never baw! u fellow out the WA!
Won did ne. Come into the
lounge Il moment. will you, and
look at something's
Curious. she went in with HIM,
waited while he stopped at the
ships gift shop and picked up
uackagc, already wrapped. He ied
her into Il deserted corner OF the
writing room and handed 1t to
her.
81 hope you'll find these things
satisfactory. | had nothing 10 go
on, you know"
joyce looked ut him in surprise.
"But what arc they
"Amcnds." he told her briefly.
She opened the package eX-
citedly. Her eyes lighted when
she saw the contents ID olacK
leather bag, loyelier than any she
had ever owned, an exquisite
petit-point compact, two dainty
lace handkcrchiefs, a tiny flacon
of rare perfume, 4 Gpstlck =. -,
al hope it's the right kind, he
Offered sheepshly, us she plckeo
it up.
She held the bag in her hands,
admiring it. and wagcd battle
with hel. New England conscience
about keeping it. Slowly she
opened 1t. Inside, tucked in one of
the pockets, she saw Il crisp one
hundrcd-d0llar bill. She gaSped
in amaZcmcnt. Then, quite sud
denly, she held the entire pack
age out to him.
"Thats too much" she said,
and her voice was stern. But,
seeing the hurt in his eyes. she
softcned Even from friend,
Dick. can't take your money
"You'rc not such bad risk
Suppose we compromise this
way. Take back the money and
let me keep the bag. | do love it."
"Mr. Hamilton"
They looked up, startled, and
Dick jumped to his feet. A tall
woman, in 4 smart blue knitted
dress, with carefully hennacd
hair, held out her hand to him.
"Pm Mrs. Porter" she Offered
gushingly. THE cruise hostess.
Pm trying to arrange the seat
ing in the dining room. DR.. Gray
is most anxious that you join his
table. | believe one Of your
friends wrote him. :"
THANK you, Mrs. Porter. Tell
the doctor I'd be delighted. That
is, if he can arrange 4 place for
Miss Miner, too. I've just asked
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1938-04-07
TOO MANY CAMPNELLS

OAKLAND. Cal. tUpj Tn"
police department has c"n&idc,-
able confusion when aME"n" ter
phones in and asks for "Officc''
Campbell" The department. has
eight CampbeilS on Its force.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1938-04-07

Strange looking traffic cop, TINS
policeman in Prague, CZcChoSlo-
vakia. But he has q very deli
mite purpose in DOMINIC that
gas mask, for the nation never
knows when it may be forced to
defend itself against Nazi inVa-
sion. This picture was taken rs
Prague, its nerves on edge since
Hitler'S Austrian coup, staged
the greatest anti-air raid cNcr-
cises in the history Of tie be-
leagucred democracy
her to be my companion.
A shade Of annoyance darton"'
Mrs. portcr's face, but Sh" retain
ed her smile.
GLOW do you 90. 3li@$ Aiiin2r
Then. to Dick: "Nr course ] den
know what other "lr@m%"n"nt'
the doctor has made, but II
speak to him.
Joyce had a tIcetim" suspicion
that sh" would not hc too vel
come at the DOCTORS table.
(To be contlnu"d1.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1938-04-07

There is IN estimated tola! of
10. eco. 900 beds in England.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1938-02-07
COMPENSATION PAY
BEING RUSHED OUT
$50 Workers Busy AS They Can Be
Handling $4,000 Claims Al
ready Filed

Raleigh, Feb. IA bive-hive of &C
tivity is the headquarters of the State
Unemployment Compensation Com
pensation Commission in Raleigh in
handling the more than $4,000 claims
for compensation that had been for
warded from unemployed workers
through the IS offices, with 100 ser
vice points, in the State through last
week.
The commission has about 400 work
ers in the headquarters office and
about $50 in the field offices, all work
ing feverishly to get the claims pro-
cessed and the checks out to the I'M
EMPLOYED workers who are due them
as near the time they are due as pos
sible. Although the offices are busy
and shifts are working "a hours a day,
in three eight-hour periods, the quar-
tiers are too crowded for efficient
work. and need for training the large
force so it can handle the claims pro-
perlv 10th tend to delay the actual
issuance and delivery of checks.
Estimates are that of the more than
$4,000 claims filed by the end Of last
week. probably twothirds of them are
valid and the applicants are due com
nensation benefits. About 81, 900 of the
claims are for part-tirne connpensa
tion d,,e when the claimant works
mart of each week, while about 7O,O0t
are for total unemployment.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1938-02-07

Continued from Page O1e.l
than little confusion as to the effect
of the crop control bill on tobacco
growers and explained the plan like
this:
The u. S. Department of Agriculture
will set the quota Of flue-cured to'bac-
co to be raised in the entire country
at figure somewhere in the neigh
borhood of 7OO,OOO,OOO pounds. Each
States quota will then be assigned
and from that each county's quota
and the individual quota of each farm
err will be determined.
Then an election will be called to
determine whether. the growers want
the compulsory crop control as pro-
yided by the quotas. Every grower,
including tenant farmers, will be ellg-
ible to vote, and each grower will
have one vote, regardless of his acre
age. Two-thirds majority will he ne
cessary to. adopt the plan.
County quotas will he set 10y county
boards, elected by the growers them
selves. There will be a board of ap-
Henderson daily dispatch., 1938-02-07
STATES MOTORISTS
TRAVEL GREAT WAY
January Mileage Eufficient To Go Te
Sun and Back Three Times,
1t Is Estimated

Raleigh, Feb. IF the miles travel
ed by North Carolina motorists IN
January could be combined into one
continuous journey, there would be
enough of them to take visitor to the
sun, and back, three times.
1t was something of roundabout
method of calculation, but this fact
was arrived at from the Gasoline Tax
Report of the Department of Revenue
for the month of January.
And here's how it figured out
North Carolina took into its treas
ury during the month no less than ST.
951, 1885 in gas taxes, which in round
figures represents about one-third OF
the amount paid for gasoline by users
according to accurate estimates by the
American Petroleum Industries Com
mittee..
Therefore, the North Carolina mot
orists spent something like $5,755, no.
68 for gasoline during the month, OF
SIS, 514,O68 pennies.
And while they say the pennies dc
not go far these days, it has been
quite accurately worked out that the
oil man can make a penny go mile
It has been computed that the smallest
coin of the United States will buy
enough fuel and oil to drive the mod
ern motor vehicle a mile. Believe il
or not, but the penny gets a pretty
good stretching in business these days
With this fact in mind, it is sim
pie matter to figure that North Caro-
lima motorists covered something like
575,O09OO0 miles during the month
Astronomers have calculated that the
sun is some 100000 miles away. Sim
pie long division, therefore, shows
that Tar Heels drivers covered enough
miles in one month to take them tc
the sun and back three times, if they
could have driven in that direction.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1938-02-07
DIR. JAMES E. POPF
Along the Potomac.

Everything appears serene and
peaceful in this arena of politics,
memorials and monuments = if we
may overlook such consequential de-
tails as:
The Senate in doing a handspring
out of the cloture rule strife and fill
buster of anti-lynch fire landed
squarely in the middle of the big boil
ing pot of "must" legislation labelled
Federal housing-which was enacted
without the prevailing wage postscript
but within only one vote of a tie. -.
crop control, and preparedness for
war!
With Big Business nice-called Bad
Business rats by some labor tycoons
and professional liberals = holding
covert confabs over at the U. S. Cham
Der of Commerce and posting prizes
for the courageous mouse who would
volunteer for the job of tying a bell
on the White House Cat-but finding
no takers
And fashionable anti-Roosevelt cir
cles agog with indignation over the
Presidents challenge to industry fol-
lowered commodity prices without
wage reduction with said fashion
ables still vocally boiling the New
Deal in oil, and branding all Admin
istration ideas as merely the moro
logical vaporings of economic sopho-
mores, and imprecatorily consignine
Rooseveltisms to political potter's
field but with the man of the
house at 1900 Pennsylvania Avenue
blithely snubproof-and still walking
away with the show!
With John l.. Lewis crowd calling
for a new work relief program OF
three billion dollars-withOut the out
right mention by them of their half
million dollar campaign donation, and
for the present, minus any specific
demand as TO which particular branch
of CLIO a worker must be paying
member before qualifying as bene-
ficiary under the proposed new work
relief set-up; the UNIV hearing a re-
solution for drafting Mr.. Roosevelt
for a third term, then having that re-
solution scuttled and embalmed-
sibly out of consideration for Mr.
Lewis, who is suspected of being very
fond of the music made by bees in a
bonnet-especially presidential bees.
"Give Us This Day"
The UNIV, spearhead of the Go
hiked the salary of John L. Lewis to
S.. 1000. The railroads are clamoring for
Governmental aid and for rate in
creases. and Big Business is wanting
something just anything. Homer
Martin, in charge of CLOS United
Automobile Workers, urges the gov
eminent to spend 40 million dollars
for relief in Michigan.