davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-05-12

educational personnel, a subsidy beginning with
S2,OOO,00O and rising to $6,000,O00
To facilitate reorganization of school districts
S20000,000 the first year and $3O,O00,0O0 in fol-
lowing years.
To improve the administration in state depart
ment Of education S1,OoO,OOO first two years and
S2,O00,00O thereafter
For civic, general and vocational part-tme
adult educational activities to be expended
through schools, colleges and other educational
agencies, S5,0OOO0O increasing to $15,0O0OOO.
For rural library services $2,0000OO rising to
S6,OOO,OOO.
To develop research facilities in the education
al field $1,25O0OO increasing to $3,OOO,OOO.
This program is recommended for six year
period to be followed by stock taking All plans
should be tested by experience.
This program for federal subsidy accepts the
principle of providing for educational need wher-
found: That is if citizens prefer to send their
children to parochal schools, their share in tax
proceeds shall be available to the schools they
choose.
The Committee also recommended that the
C. G. G. and n. Y. A. be made permanent func-
ton of government to be designated the National
Youth Service Administration and located in the
Office of Education, to continue the student aid
program for high and college students and for
the unemployed youth out of school.
Such a service would constitute long step to.
ward assuring equal educational opportunities fol
future citizens. However, the recommendation
that work-camps be placed on civilian basis i'm.
plies that administration be taken from the Wal
Department. In view of the splendid work the
Army has done in providing discipline and the
exclusion of political patronage, it hardly seems
wise to transfer this function to an agency whose
traditions are highly political. A sounder pro
posal is for the N Y S. A. to serve as the coordn
ating agency with discipline through the appro
|prate agency and education through the Office
|of Education.
With regard to vocational education the re-
ports recommended the elimination of statutory
regulations that interfere with local administra
|eral aid to vocational education under senior col
Ilege grade; that provisions for plant training
should by law be conditioned on adequate pro
lection against industrial exploitation of students
that the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics provides
an occupational outlook service for vocationa
lguidance; that educational programs and provis
ions be unified with long range planning and re-
search.
The constructive report of this committee il
which Labor was represented must have our mos
serious consideration preliminary to formulation
Iof policy.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-05-12
: !: ! 4 ! j ! \ j. j. i j. i :: ! i :
: IN THE NEWS
WILLIAM G. ROBERTS
!. ! i = i i i j. = = j. i j. j. 4 j I

William c. Roberts, chairman of
the legislative committee of the A. f.
of L., has been union man longer
than most of us have lived. He
"j'ined" in 1875, and he is there yet.
He was born in Mount Vernon, o.,
in 1856. He went through the gram
mar and high schools of the town;
and in vacations and after graduation,
he was picking up" the printers
trade. He worked on local paper
for a time; then went to Fort Wayne,
Indiana, where he joined the union at
the age OF 10.
For more than dozen years there
after, Roberts was journeyman
printer in the old sense of the word.
He travelled. Travelling is believed by
all to be source of education; but
travelling without spending money
for it, which a journeyman printer
used to do, gives a schooling in get
ting over the rails which is not down
in the text books. Then he settled in
Chicago; and, five lears later, left the
composing room to become reporter.
In 1900, he went on the staff of the
Hearst paper in Chicago, doing labor
and politics; and stayed there Is
years.
Then, in 1918, Sam Gompers wired
him to take six months off and come
to Washington to help get out year
book. He came, and he is here yet
He did not stop with the year book,
but compiled the A. +. of l.. History
and Encyclopedia, first printed in
1919.
He is married, has three married
daughters and five grandchildren.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-05-12
GYPING RELIEF FUNDS

.NCCASIONALLY unemployed workers on re-
~ lief so far forget their patriotic duty as to
draw more relief than they are entitled to under
the law. Occasionally, also, persons who are en-
titled to no relief whatever resort to fraudulent
methods to obtain relief payments. When these
gypers are apprehended most of the daily news
papers, controlled by the business interests who
refuse to employ the workers and thus create the
necessity for relief, resort to big headlines and
sensational articles emphasizing the allegedly dis
honest practices of large numbers of the unem-
poyed and call for wholesale purge of the relief
rolls
But when it comes to business men on the Fed
era Governments business relief rolls deliberately
IsWiping hundreds of thousands of dollars of pub
lie funds the delinquency is completely overlooked
Ior very decidedly soft pedaled This sympathetic
consideration for business gypers of Government
funds was revealed recently when Jesse II. Jones
chairman of the Reconstruction Finance Corpora
Iton, announced that 26 per cent of the Corpora
tons past industrial loans were in default. That
lis so say that 26 per cent of the business men who
have borrowed Government funds from the RFC
have not repaid those loans.
In vivid comparison TO the feature stories
written about the unemployed having now and
then defrauded the unemployment relief rolls, the
Wholesale frauds perpetrated by these business
men in not repaying their loans to the Government
received but little space in the daily papers
land less editorial comment
1t is probable that for every dollar illegally
taken by workers on relief thousands of dollars OF
public money are sWped by business interests
who borrow government funds and refuse to make
repayment. But the business men control the
newspapers, and consequently silence is the
watchword regarding their peculations. On the
contrary, the same papers howl themselves
hoarsc over the few pennies fraudulently taker
I from relief funds by the unemployed.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-05-12
The Cherry Tree
Where We Hdtchet Out
The Truth
. THE SALES TAX
. PHILLY REVOLTS
. EMERGENCY BLAMED
. COMING IN BACK DOOR


The sales tax, it seems, is always
with us.
Pronounced dead many times, it is
in reality very much alive and flour
ishing in various guises.
A general national sales tax has
thus far been successfully opposed by
labor and other forces But the sales
tax idea has sneaked in piecemeal by
back and side doors and annually takes
an enormous toll of money from the
masses.
Special sales taxes do the dirty
work.
These special sales taxes include
Federal taxes on lubricating oil, Gig
arettes, theater tickets and other
things, all over the nation.
Aside from these, some % states
have sales taxes on many kinds of
products, including food and other
necessities in some states.
The gasoline tax is universal and
has been SO long with us people take
it as matter of course and never
think of it as a sales tax.
But sales tax it is and how!
X X X
Then there are other taxes, MOSTLY
of the states species, punitive and
regulatory, and which add to the wage
earner's burden.
Such as the heavy tax on chain
stores, often frankly discriminatory
and regulatory, though with an alleged
social purpose.
Taxes Of this kind, akin to the sales
tax, tend to increase the cost of liv-
ing and hit employment, much of it
growing union employment.
Labor is beginning to look askance
at this kind of taxation, as a survey
by the Florida Federation of Labor is
revealing.
The survey is indicating that the
tax worm is beginning to turn.
X X X
Philadelphia is the scene of one of
the outright revolts against the sales
tax.
A general sales tax has recently
gone into effect there and the people
don't like it.
Before it became law, there were
big popular demonstrations against it.
But the city council put it across.
Agitation against the tax is con-
tinuing, with the Philadelphia Record
taking leading part in the fight to
end it.
Other cities have the sales tax.
New York has had it for years, for
the benefit of the unemployed.
Imposed as an emergency measure,
the tax has lasted because the enler-
gency has lasted.
"Eemergency" has been and still is,
the excuse for continuing lot of un-
popular things.
X X X
Looks as if the sales tax had Gre
ated an "emergency" calling for labor
action.
Certainly if labor doesn't want the
sales tax, it had better bestir itself.
Because the sales tax is gaining,
make no mistake about it.
AS said before, it is coming in by
the back and side doors, creeping in
whenever it sees a chance.
Something like the Federal judici-
ary, which Thomas Jefferson said was
always on the march to take in more
territory, or words to that effect
So the sales tax, going under differ
ent names, seeks to enlarge it's power
and dominions and dig it's hand deep
) er and deeper into the pockets of the
people.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-05-12
COMMENT ON WORLD .
EVENTS
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES

Economies in the use of coal, COM
bined with increasing displacement of
mining labor by machinery, are Gre
ating a problem of steadily growing
seriousness for coal miners throughout
the world.
Light on the coal economy phase of
the problem is given in a report on
the world coal industry prepared by
the International Labor Office, Ge-
neva. The report emphasizes that
since the end of the World War, fuel
economies have enabled the worlds
industries to produce progressively
greater quantities of goods and SER
vices with a total coal consumption
almost unchanged.
The report analyses statistics for
three of the most important countries
the United States, Great Britain and
Japan-and points out that the an
alyses disclose "an unbroken move
ment throughout the postwar years
toward higher levels Of fuel efficiency
in the consumption Of COAL" This
movement, it notes, continued from
1929 to 1886.
AS regards the United States, the
report shows that from 1902 to 1928
thermo-electric public utilities multi
piled their output of energy sixteen
fold, while only quadrupling their in
take of coal; and that from 1917 to
1927, manufacturing industries in
creased production by one-fourth, but
decreased the consumption of energy
(mainly coaD by one-third.
The report also notes that from
1914 to 1929, railroads in the United
States tended to operate larger
number of ton-miles with ever smaller
tonnages of locomotive fuel; while
from 1904 to 1929, blast furnaces
steel works and rolling mills were
steadily obtaining larger sum of out.
put with lesser consumption of Goa
and coke.
"In short, it says, "the average
fuel efficiency of industrial manufac
turing and railroad transportation hae
risen between 1909 and 1929 by ap
proximately 33 per cent"
X x
AS regards Great Britain, the re-
port cites particularly the fuel econ
omies achieved in electricity and gas
undertakings, blast furnaces (ron ano
steeD and railway transportation.
Between 1913 and 1880, it says, fue
efficiency in blast furnaces in Grea
Britain increased almost 20 per cent
and during the last six years alone
more than II per cent; and it cite:
important economies in fuel con
sumption by steam railways.
AS regards Japan, the report note:
considerable advancement in fue
economies in recent years. 1t point:
out, for example, that coal con
sumption at steam-power plant wa!
reduced by one-third between 1914 ant
1882; and that between 1920 and 1922
consumption of fuel by railway loco
motives showed a saving of about Al
per cent. A similar saving in fue
consumption in the steel industry alst
is noted.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-05-12
TO HONOR SWITALSKI

Portsmouth, o. (OLNS).-A ban
quet in honor of Ed Switalski, secre-
tary of the Portsmouth Central La
Dor Council for 26 years, is being ar
ranged here for May "a, at the Wash
ington Hotel. Invitations have been
issued to state Labor leaders, state
and city officials, and it is expected
that the banquet will be attended by
many notables.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-05-12
"JIGGERS''

Joe Copestick, jiggerman, is report
ed to be in good condition at home
after sustaining a severe cut on his
wrist while working at the No. s plant
yesterday. A large bowl mould jump
ed and the tool was pressed against
his wrist cutting an artery. A tour
niquet was hastily applied to stop the,
flow of blood until he reached the hos
pital where five stitches sewed up the
wound.
X X X
The City Hospital reported Alvin
Hartzell, caster at the Hall China Co.,
doing nicely yesterday after being de-
clared in critical condition as a re-
suit of an automobile accident Friday
night.
Mr.. Hartzell was driving near East
Palestine when he attempted to avoid
striking cyclist and pulled his car
off the road. After striking fence
the car rolled over, pinning the driver.
He was thought to have a fracture of
the skull in addition to chest injury
and decorations.
James Gilgallon, member of Local.
10 and clerk of the Election Board has
been seen sprinkling the lawn of late.
His friends are glad to see him about
once more.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-05-12

WHAT NEXT?

An awning that is autOmaticaI-
ly raised or lowered by means of
photo electric cell sensitive to
sun and rain, has been invented in
Dayton, Ohio.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-05-12
CITY EMPLOYEES FORM COUNCIL

Columbus, o. NS).-Formation
of a joint council of organized and
unorganized city employees, for the
purpose of fostering Unionism and
cooperation in securing beneficial leg
islation, received the Endorsement Of
the Columbus Federation of Labor at
its regular meeting last week.
First meeting of the group was
held this week, and was attended by
representatives of the Firefighters'
Local Union, organized 100 per cent,
stationary engineers, firemen and
oilers, and their auxiliaries, as well
as employees from divisions and de-
paltments not as yet organized.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-05-12
TRUTHS POWDERED WHILE
Riding at Anchor
MR.. MODESTUS
Q COME THE TRACTORS
. THE FARMERS ARMY
. ANOTHER CONQUEST
. THE MACHINE!
Here come the tractors!

Here come the tractors!
There go the armies of farmers
sons
Going to town, to work in tractor
factories
Over 100000 farm tractors in 10
cotton states in 1897
Five times as many in U. S. as in
1920
Seven times as many in cotton
states as 1920
Each tractor displaces at least two
farm workers
That makes 2 million farm families
set on the road
Which means 10 million in all
showed off the farms
Hunting somewhere for corncakes
and sowbelly-
But the machine manufacturers
sang paeans of joy
Saying: Machines make jobs for
men
That must be why there are Is
million unemployed now!
x x
If you want to know
Why, when we had 76 million peo-
pie in 1900
There were 80 million of them on
farms, or 51.7 per cent
While in 1880, of the 1913 million,
total in 1890
Only 44.6 million, or 36.4 per cent
were on farms
Follow the trails made by the Farm
all tractors
Without these behemoths, there
would have been 63.5 millions
Still working on the farms, and
Plantations
That means a difference of about
20 million farm boys and girls
Who went to town in those ten
years
Still some folks wonder where un-
employment comes from.
x K x
Some of them went to the factories
and mills
Taking the places of the older men
| anu WOIIlcIl-
Pinch-hitting for the cripples and
the diseased
But in 1880 there were at least 4OC
thousand less in factories
Than there were in 1920
So the rest had to go somewhere
Department stores and garages
took a lot
For some months of the year
Some of them opened gasoline sta
tions--- ss
Others ran sandwich stands, and
auto camps
In 1900 tractor was something tc
scare horses
In 1880 tractors were changing the
face of civilization
Reducing farm costs of production
SO that hand labor could not com.
pete
Tearing up institutions as well as
prairies-
Putting the stamp of machine pro
duction-
On everything from potatoes tC
pins
Industrial war tanks, running
roughshod over precedents-
Enacting another on-military con
quest
Where the winners took all
In the 1929 depression.
X
These tractors stirred up the sol
, for dustbowls-
They led the way to the massacre!
of little pigs
They forced the ploughing under o.
growing cotton
And herded the farmers sons off Il
town
Juggernaut cars, heading process
ions of worship
Where the Dollar was God, and th'
banker His Prophet
Their owners and makers ridinl
high in power
While the mere human hands ant
, hearts kowtowed-
Laying themselves down in tn
path of Power
!, Being for the time of less import
ance than
H.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-05-12

Warm weather, makes you think of
swimming, doesn't it? Have you ever
seen nicer place to try out that new
crawl stroke than the ldora pool?
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-05-12
WISDOM
'x*s*:::.:*::**.****SI-

Deeds are better things than
words are,
Actions, mightier than boastngs.
Henry Wadswufth LongfellOW.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-05-12

"'rhe buster a man is" says William
Feather, "the more loaters he seems
to attract"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-05-12

In spite Of the censorship it is clear that any
real changes in the Nazi regime are for the worse.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-05-12

Rumanias venture in fascism and persecu.
tion of Jews seems to have begged doWn-for Z
time. May the begging be permanent
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-05-12

Getting out of a tight tiN-particu-
larly pair Of tight shoes-is grand
sensation.
Evening star., 1938-07-17
MOST DON'T TRUST ONES
bvR Roy Chapuna

of the attacks on human beings. it
appears that they we're bitten merely
because they happened to be handy.
Without doubt the white shark is
very dangerous fellow but, fortu-
nately, it is a comparatively rare
species. although it is widely dis
tributed.
What we really need in America
is not man-eating sharks. but shark
eating men. have eaten shark meat
many times in Japan and China. and
have found it delicious. But in the
United States its reputation has kept
it from being one of our favorite food
fishes
Evening star., 1938-07-17

stage. Her first close friends we're the
Bradna dogs.
It's said - though Olympic doesn't
guarantee it - that, once smuggled
into a hotel, she never made con-
traband noises, nor ever broke up a
performance by wailng from the wings.
The beginning of Olympe's stage
career was as unusual as the rest G. her
babyhood. With ''Nanette" eighteen
months old, it was Paris and the
Olympia again. The baby. toddling
smartly, became a back-stage pet.
One day she stood in the wings,
listening for Mothers closing words.
They came Nine Bradna headed off
stage. Behind her, wheeling into line,
Evening star., 1938-07-17

known whether one individual or
ming amuck; or whether it was
visiting species from distant waters.
There are dozens of different species
of sharks. the largest (and the largest
of all fishes) being the inoffensive
whale shark Most of them eat crabs,
sea turtles, fish. squid. porpoises and
other sharks. A comparatively few are
scavengers.
Popularity all sharks are man.
eaters" but certainly not many are
guilty of such misbehavior Not that
sharks have any deep-rooted aversion
to man-steak, but in many if not most
Evening star., 1938-07-17

water for half an hour. was hopping
mad What did you mean by leaving
us there among the sharks?" l de-
manded when he returned.
You were all right, weren't you?
he answered The water is warm, you
had nice boat to hang onto and,
shucks, those sharks weren't man.
eaters"
But l didn't know that when | was
in the water. found out later that the
great white shark Cd1char0don is the
one that is usually called a man-eater.
He reaches a length of forty feet.
has teeth that are three inches long
and is voracious enough and strong
enough to snap off mans legs like
toothpicks. Even a relatively small
OO+pound or 3OO-pound white shark
could do the trick easily y and prob
ably would. A thirty-foot shark taken
off the California coast had in its
stomach an entire sea lion weighing
100 pounds. The fossil ancestors of
these sharks reached a length of 70
or 80 feet as the enormous jaws in the
American Museum of Natural History
testify.
In 1916 there were unprecedented
attacks by sharks on human beings
along the Middle Atlantic coast. Four
people were killed, and thousands OF
bathers were driven from the seaside
resorts A bill was even introduced in
Congress appropriating money for the
determination of man-eating sharks
on the New Jersey coast. The culprits
were never identified. 1t was not
Evening star., 1938-07-17

40 MANY things have happened so
fast to Olympic Bradna that
~ it's hard to straighten out her
life in any proper order.
To be on the stage fourteen years -
eight years of that in starring roles
over most of Europe; to come to
Hollywood, experience a little hard
shedding and then get good part.
register well, become star yourself -
all that seems reasonable.
But to have had such a career and
then find that, because of general
agreement effected long ago by the
Hays Office, you are virtually ward
of the Los Angeles Board of Education
II that's unusual Olympe's compul-
sorry schooling, on the set and off,
reverses the life stream of most people,
who 60 to school first and have a
career afterward.
The young lady who was the
darling of the columnists" when she
starred in an imported Folies Bergere
show at New York cabaret theater,
will soon be through with the school
bell, though she expects to keep on
studying. On August IL she will be
eighteen years old.
The ingenue of Souls at Sea" and
co-star of "Stolen Heaven" is the
despair of publicity men. About her
they can invent nothing as fantastic
as the truth Her very birth and NAM
ing were unique.
At little theater in Paris - the
Olympia - the Bradna troupe of per-
forming dogs was making a hit.
M. Bradna had trained them. Nine.
Bradna put them through their tricks.
After a Saturday matinee, the
theater manager was worried about his
evening show. NJ. Bradna was equally
worried about his wife But - what
luck! A hospital within three blocks!
That is why am named Olympic"
Very clear eyes look puzzled that
people want to know such things.
You see, was born between my par
ents' performances at the Olympia"
''Is that all of your name?
''Oh, no! 1t is Marie Antoinette
Olympic Bradna. The studio is trying
to get people to call me CLAMP -
the French way. But think 'O-Limpy'
sounds Just as good. At home I'm
always Nanette On the set they call
me Wimpy."
A baby daughter, even though an
only child, seldom removes the neces-
sity for earning a living. Waiting for
a new season at the Olympia, Bradna
teye and Bradna mere were soon tour
ing the small towns again. Often hotels
had rules against housing infants.
Papa Bradna invested in greatcoat
and Olympic was smuggled in.
At the theater, between perform
ances - often five day - the baby
lay in the top tray of trunk just off,
Evening star., 1938-07-17

paraded the file of Bradna dogs, each
on its hind legs, with front paws out
stretched.
Audience and curtain had no sig
nifcance for young Olympic. From the
opposite wing she toddled out, just in
time to be behind the last dog. She
stretched out her arms and pit-patted
across, in line. calling gleefully,
''Manon! Mam0n" The applause was
deafening.
That end-work was the smash debut
of history. The manager said: Give
her a little French flag. Let her do
that at each performance. The acts
value is doubled"
This disturbed Papa Bradna. Re-