davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1938-11-03
Aluminium, Once Royalty's Tableware,
Completes SO Years of Practicability
Industry's Golden Jubilee
Recalls Early Struggle
Of Co-Pioneers.
BY JOSEPH w. LaBINE

Fifty years ago this Novem-
Der, in a little ''two-by-four"
building in Pittsburgh, Charles
Martin Hall and Arthur Vining
Davis tinkered with a dyspep-
tic electric generator, a few
carbon electrodes and a car
bon-lined "pot" for an "elec-
trolytic BATH"
One of them closed a
switch, the electrodes sput-
tered, the current began to
pass through the mass in the
poland a new industry was
born which was destined to affect
virtually all of the nations popula-
ton. Their discovery: Aluminium.
For more than half a century sci
entists of the world had sought to
produce it cheaply enough to re-
move it from the category of an
emperor's tableware to a practical
metal. Napoleon III had sunk a
fortune trying to produce 1t for light
weight trappings that would give
his cavalry an edge on its foes. In
1855, the king of Siam had selected
a bar of aluminium as the most un-
usual object at the worlds fair in
Paris, had a watch fob made from
it, and bore it proudly back to Bang
kok.
Today, as it prepares to celebrate
its golden anniversary, the alumni
mum industry furnishes jobs direct
ly for 81, 200 workers with an annual
payroll of $68, 900, 900, the Aluminium
association, trade group of some
of the 200 manufacturers of more
than 1000 aluminium products, esti-
mates. Indirectly, it provides jobs
for 100000 more, the industry
claims
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1938-11-03

It was Mark Twain who said that
everyone talks about the weather
but no one does anything about it.
Each year, however, science and
engineering make the famous hui
morist's quip slightly less applica-
BILE.
AS Professor Earle B. Phelps of
the College of Physicians and Sur
geons, Columbia university, recent
ly said, "By means of clothing, UNI
brellas, shut-in cars and other shell
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1938-11-03
Metallic Reincarnation

Yet it is probably impossible
to make an accurate estimate, says
Capt. Kenneth G. Castleman, Sec
rotary of the association, for by far
the major tonnage of virgin alumni
mum produced becomes a perma-
nent part of the American scene,
since the "scrap" is highly recov-
cradle by .remelting and returns oft
en- a dozen times to make competi-
ton for the new metal produced.
"The aluminium foil which
wrapped your morning cigar may
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1938-11-03
Der of calories per hour

Der Of calories per hour
Indoors it has long been recog-
nized that air temperature, humidi-
ty and movement are all factors in
determining comfort. But also it is
now recognized that there is fourth
factor, the temperature of the walls
of the room. It has been shown
that radiation from the body to the
walls may account for nearly half
the body's total loss of heat. Future
homes will have heated walls.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1938-11-03

tering devices we do maintain, even
in our travels, sort of personal
weather environment.
Health and comfort, Professor
Phelps goes on to add, demand a
balance among the various man.
ners of heat loss of the body in addi-
ton to an overall balance between
production and total loss. can arc
tic explorer, in his furs, and swim
mer in the surf of Atlantic City may
both be disposing of the same num-
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1938-11-03

A mother may save few pennies
giving her children unknown prep
arations. But a child's life is pre-
cious beyond pennies. So-ASk your
doctor before you give any remedy
you don't know all about.
And when giving the common
children's remedy, milk of mag
nesia, always ask for Phillips"
Milk of Magnesia.
Because for three generations
Phillips has been favored by many
physicians as standard, reliable
and proved preparation = marvel
ously gentle for youngsters.
Many children like Phillips in
the nelDer form = tiny peppermint
favored tablets that chew like
candy. Each tablet contains the
equivalent of one teaspoonful of the
liquid Phillips Use for a big box.
A bottle of Phillips liquid Milk
of Magnesia costs but 25s. So-dny-
one can afford the genuine. Careful
mothers ask for it by its full name
phillips Milk of Magnesia. -
PHILLIPS MILK OF MAGNESIA
AIN uOlIID OR TABLET FORM
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1938-11-03

tic 12-hour shift" Davis, today the
outstanding figure in the aluminium
industry, reminisces. Something
was always going wrong with the
plant. The machinery would break
down, the current would fail.
tits rather an amusing thing that
for while during the first year the
only time we were able to produce
any aluminium was when the plant
broke down and the bath would
harden, or freeze In hammering
this black, dirty mess out of the
pots, we'd usually come across a
few pellets of comparatively pure
aluminium. For the first year we
kept the metal in the office safe,
because it was worth SIS a pound at
that time, although today the price
is listed at 20 cents"
But after they had produced their
lightweight metal, Hall and Davis
slowly awakened to the surprising
revelation that hardly anybody
wanted it. True, there was some
little sale for mustache combs, Ia
dies fans, cigar cases and a few
similar novelties popular in the
nineties. But to make their orphan
industry successful, these pioneers
knew they must get it into fields of
common use.
Like cooking utensils, for in
stance. Aluminium is light, conducts
heat evenly and does not contami-
nate food. Today nearly $1,000, 900
aluminium cooking utensils have
been made. But in the early days
it was impossible to get a utensil
manufacturer to give the metal
try.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1938-11-03

have gotten its original start in life
in cast touring body of the now
extinct Franklin automobile or one
of the famed White Steamers
Castleman says. "Sold as scrap
from an automobile boneyard, it
might have been restored to useful
ness successfully as a cooking uten-
sill, an automobile piston, a washing
machine or vacuum cleaner part, a
bit of a permanent wave machine,
hair curler, a toy kite, a souve-
mir calendar-back or even a set of
false teeth. When you throw the
cigar wrapper away, more than
likely someone will rescue it from
the city dump and it will return
again to service, possibly as con-
denser in your television radio set. 4"
In the short space of so years
aluminium, commercially, is 10
years younger than electric ight)
it has assumed fourth place in vol
ume among metals, although it has
had to battle for it's position with
other materials commonly employed
for thousands of years.
The first twinkling dawn of a
bright future probably appeared on
a February morning in 1886, when
Charles Martin Hall, then a youth
just out of Oberlin college, rushed
from his crude, woodshed labora-
tory to the home of his former
chemistry professor, crying, "I've
succeeded, at last I've succeeded"
In his hands were some pellets of
the first aluminium to be made by
the electrolytic process which still
produces all the nations aluminium,
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1938-11-03
Headaches, Heartaches

But Halls experiments had been
made in the laboratory. There was
no assurance they would work on an
industrial scale. He couldn't find a
hacker, and it was two years be-
fore Capt. A. E. Hunt, George S.
Clapp and few other Pittsburgh
men decided to take a gamble and
invest $4,000 in an experimental,
or pilot" plant.
Halls process had so many
"bugs" that for the first year or
two the little plant was hardly more
than an experimental laboratory it
self. Arthur V. Davis, another young
college boy who had been hired as
night superintendent, now recalls
the early days with a twinkle in his
eye.
tHaIl and I roomed at the same
house, and each of us worked hec-
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1938-11-03
PHILLIPS MILK OF MAGNESIA
KIN LIQUID OR TABLET FORM

Reflection
Cheerfulness throws sunlight on
all the paths of life.-Richter.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1938-11-03

Present Is Master
The future is purchased by the
present. johnson.
Evening star., 1938-10-21
Organized Outdoor Affair
Or a Party at Home Best
Way to Amuse Children
Small Bands Rowing Streets
Are Responsible for Most of
Damage Done Each Year.
BY BETSY CASWELL.

once more Halloween with It's witches and gobns and pranks
sters almost We shall
hear doorbes anchor letter slides
all again Last the
morning after disgrace all that
Evening star., 1938-10-21
halloween Should Wanon
The Gold>Digging Problem
Has More Than One Side,
Readers Letters Show
Girls Not Sole Offenders,
Feminine Correspondent
Points Out Positively.
By JOAN FORTUNE and NoRro]

BY JOAN FORTUNE and NORTON HUGHES JONATHAN
Here letters bag-givne both sides
OF an interesting situation One from
Their ideas well expressed the
subject The feminine writer 10 nrs - ~ ~
Evening star., 1938-10-21
Think of Beauty
Advises Antoine.
BY HELEN VOGT.

Fashion, says Antoine, we'll
known hair stylist, "is art" A woman
must think of her beauty all day long,
concentrate on nothing else. and then
she can forget the worries and troubles
Of the world
The famous expert is here in WASH
ington to talk to women and demon
strate his theories in regard to the
proper coiffure for every type. The
correct coiffure for a woman" he ex-
planned, depends on what she does
and where she goes Women need a
change in their appearance, and even
If they are beautiful they still want
to look different"
There is no doubt that the ma
jority of Antoines styles are quite
unusual. He uses jewels in the nair
in many ways and even takes elabo-
rate necklaces and drapes them to
form smart and outstanding coiffures.
We are using great many combs
both for day and evening"" he told us,
"and number of women are return
ing TO false hair and curls."
The secret of the smart hair style
lies in the cutting, Antoine believes.
He explained that if hair Is worn
down. it grows that way, and If it Is
swept up, it will, in time, also have q
tendency to grow in that direction.
"A good haircut takes about three
quarters Of an hour" he said. "You
will notice that children's hair Is soft
and inclined to be curly because they
are constantly getting new hair and
it falls into the proper length. So it
Is with cutting. If the hair Is cut
properly it will be longer on the sides
and back and shorter on the top and
it will fall the way it is intended for
your particular coiffure"
Antoine has been doing these up
swept hair styles for three years and
his collection of coiffures is a varied
one. His main idea, however, seems
to be the theory that every woman
should dress and conform to her type.
And that will come about through
education along those lines.
But the improvement In women is
fantastic" he concluded. There are
many smart women today, where yes
terday you would see only one or two
occasionally. Women are learning
more and more how to dress, walk,
talk, eat and act In refined way.
And refinement is intelligence"
Evening star., 1938-10-21

at least one rustly taffeta. The pat
tern is perforated for low back.
Barbara Bell Pattern No. 19O9-B
is designed for sizes IA, 16. 18, 20, 40
~. "A and 46. Corresponding bust
measurements 80, "a. SO, 80, 40, AZ, A
and 46. Size 16 (3H requires 224
yards of 39-inch material. One yard
ribbon for shoulder straps.
Send Is cents for the Barbara Bell
Fall and Winter Fashion Pattern
Book. Make yourself attractive, prac-
tical and becoming clothes, selecting
designs from the Barbara Bell we'll
planned, easy-to-make patterns.
Copyright, 103S.)
Evening star., 1938-10-21

hesitate to put me In q position
where must either agree to her
plans or seem like a miser and a
spoil-sport. In the presence Of other
people she talks me into doing
things which I can't afford. I
usually give in because like her
and certainly don't enjoy being con-
sidered a cheap person.
Also, she thinks nothing of calling
me two or three times a week,
practically demanding that I pick
her up at work or do an errand for
her. She knows I like her more
than any one else. and she doesn't
hesitate to take advantage of that.
Can you suggest good solution to
my problem? ANDY.
Why be a three-letter word begin
ming with S and ending with P? Get
new girl. Right away Replace
the Selfish Sarah with a thoughtful,
worthwhile maid, equally charming,
VINO likes you well enough to con.
slider your feelings.
Continuing your friendship with the
gold-digger will make you more and
more miserable. Every time she i'm
poses on you, or forces you into an
expensive date against your better
judgment, she shouts from the house
tops how little she really cares about
you. Spoiled and selfish, she is in
terested only in getting her own way.
Why waste further time and money?
Trying to reform her will be useless
as long as there are other fish to
take your place on the hook.
And there are plenty of charming,
unselflsh maids who will be glad to
take her place-happy to go places and
do things, inexpensively, with a good
sport.
You're on a merry-go-round, Andy,
and the tune is Have You Any Money
Today. Darling?" Do something! Get
OF and take your bouquets where they
will really be appreciated-to a new
address. Ring another doorbell.
(Copyright. 193sD
Evening star., 1938-10-21
|Hand>Shaking
Under Trying
Would Be Tactless
To Omit Gesture
To Manned Man.
BY EMILY POST.

Dear Mrs. Post: A friend of mine
lost his right hand recently. haven't
seen him for long time, but know
shall see him soon, and as it would
under ordinary conditions be my nat
ural impulse to shake hands, I'm won-
dering what hand to offer, or whether
it would be better to ignore shaking
hands. I'm woman. in case that
would make any difference in your
answer.
Answer-Offer your hand by all
means, because not to do so would
make a "situat ton" He will probably
give you his left hand and you take
it as if it we're the most natural thing
in the world to do. Or, If he refuses
your hand. then take hold of his arm
as If it were his hand, giving 1t a
slight pressure, and then let go-but
be careful not to hurt him. 1t would
be more friendly to make a hand
taking gesture-even if it is to lay
your hand on his sleeve-than to
just stand and let your arms hang
at your sides.
X X X X
Dear Mrs. Post: If several people
have already taken their places at a
restaurant table and the waitress has
already poured water when they decide
that another table would be more
pleasant, does each one carry his or
her own glass Of water to the other
table, or leave 1t for the waitress to
take care Of?
Answer-Let the water alone and
let the waitress take care of it
Copyright, 1889
Evening star., 1938-10-21
By BARBARA BELL.

If your slips don't fit your form
this season, they certainly will not
10 right by your slim, doll-waisted
trocks. Well here's a design for slips
that will give you perfect founda-
tion for dresses that must fit without
. line or wrinkle. Cleverly cut in at
the waist, made with bra TOP for
urmness and slight uplift, it has such
smooth, beautiful slimness that you'll
want at least half a dozan slips like
this.
You can make it so easily-the
pattern includes detailed sew chart
to guide beginners and is very simple
to follow. 1t will cost very little to
have q whole wardrobe of slips in
luxurious materials when you make
your own with 1909-B. Choose gleam-
ing satins, pure silk crepes, and have
Evening star., 1938-10-21

with chocolate icing made from con-
fectioner's sugar-any good hard candy
icing will do. Let the cones stand
until the icing has hardened. Then
I'LL them with chocolate ice cream,
invert each cone on a chocolate cookie
on plate, and serve. Or, if you are
ordering ice cream for an older group,
and want something special, all the
large ice cream companies feature
special mixtures and molds at Hollo-
ween time that vii be both decorative
and delicious.
Halloween sandwiches are easily
made. Pumpkin sandwiches are pretty
simply cut bread in pumpkin-shaped
pieces, spread with pimento cheese
and add a bit of cress or parsley to
simulate the pumpkin stem. Or, if
you like, cut two round eyes, triangle
nose and a grinning mouth out of
ripe olives. and set them into the
cheese surface to look like a jack-o'-
lantern.
And speaking of jack-o'- lanterns,
how about having your pumpkin tarts
grinning and smirking along with the
rest of the decorations? Here is how
1t is done-together with an easy
recipe for the filling.
JACK-O'-LANTERN PUMPKIN
TART.
cup steamed, strained pumpkin
Canned may be used instead if you
Wish)
u teaspoon salt.
l teaspoon ginger.
"a teaspoon cloves.
2 teaspoons cinnamon.
3 eggs.
l and y cups q CAM sweetened
milk.
! cup water.
Unbaked pastry shells.
Mix the steamed, strained pumpkin
with the salt, ginger, cloves. cinnamon,
eggs, condensed milk and water. Pour
into unbaked tart shells made by your
favorite pastry recipe. Bake in a
hot oven for 10 minutes, then reduce
heat to moderate, and bake about IS
minutes longer, or until filling has
set. Cool and decorate with whipped
cream pressed through a fine pastry
tube. Cake frosting may be used in
place of the cream if desired.
Evening star., 1938-10-21
Marks Must
Be Earned
BY Child
Failure on Report
Cards Not Due
To Teacher.
BY ANGELO PATRI.

Il would like you to look at this re-
port card that the teacher gave my
son. She ought to be ashamed of
herself to do that to boy-give him
such a record as that"
you mean this 81 in mathematics? {?
This c in science?"
"Yes. Two low marks. Doesn't she
know that such marks can keep him
out Of college,"
Il think she does. That is proba bly,
why she made them In red ink. She
wanted the boy, and perhaps you, to
realize that he was failing in these
two subjects"
All right. Then she should not
give him failing marks. Please have
her change that to IS and make that
c a B plus"
II can't do that"
why not? You're the principal.
Surely you don't want a boy to fail
so he can't go to college?"
Il have nothing to do with that.
The boy has to attend to his own busi-
ness. The teacher and have talked
to him: we gave him a special pro-
gram and special instruction and he
did not report for the extra work he
needed. He knew he was going to fail
If he didn't work. He asked for those
deficiencies. Nobody is to blame but
himself, and those marks are his, not
ours. They won't be changed until he
changes them"
such people! A poor child has to
lose . college education because Of
such little thing as that. Can't you
Just take your pen and change them?"
There are people who think that
. high school students marks are
granted or withheld at the whim of a
teacher. They never are. The mark
q student gets Is what he worked for,
every time. Before mark is recorded
a student has q chance to review his
paper with his teacher and if she has
made a mistake. have it corrected.
Few such mistakes are made, and
when they happen are corrected
promptly.
Marks are not given as favors.
They are records Of performances.
Such performances are a reflection of
the power of the student in that par
ticular field on the day the test was
taken. If he got low mark that day
his power was low, and that is all
there Is to 1t. No teacher can give q
student power and. of course, she can
not change the record OF that power
once it has been made. The student
has 1t In his power, however, to do
better work and get better mark on
the next occasion.
Changing a students marks does
not change the quality Of his mind
nor the character of its work. When
parents ask to have marks changed
they are asking for something that
nobody can bestow-power for their
child. The child must grow his own
power by earnest devotion to work.
There is too much Of this sighting
effort and trying to win success by
influence. prayers and tears. The trick
won't work.
Now and then somebody slips past
without having earned his way. He
holds false position. for a time, and
then down he goes. Water wings never
supply the power q strong swimmer
needs. The marks must be earned
and the power grown, with pain and
sturdy effort.
(Copyright, 1e3s.)
Evening star., 1938-10-21

and public property scarcely falls
under the head of amusements.
Halloween parties have always been
beloved by children and young people,
for the atmosphere of believe
and faerie that surrounds them. Dress
ing up In odd costumes, playing new
games or observing the ime-honored
old customs-all make for a joyous
and innocent occasion. But over
turning garbage cans and refuse hold
ers. soaring the paint on automobiles
land similar annoyances rate the title
Of vandalism rather than fun.
The organized and supervised out
door and street amusements are splen-
did. and do much to keep the children
happy and out of trouble. 1t is the
small. independent bands of youngsters
that wander about their own neighbor-
hoods unchecked, that do the real
damage. And it seems to me that if
the families would try to give them
some entertainment at home, they
would be more willing to stay there
and have their fun at no ones expense.
X X X X
My capable colleagues, Joan Fortune
and Norton Hughes Jonathan, have
devoted several of their columns
appearing on this page recently to
plans for Halloween parties. This
should have been of great help to
both the youngsters and their parents
who were planning some such affair.
I therefore leave the matter of games,
invitations and so on in those column
ists' capable hands, and concern myself
with refreshments!
One of the incest things about
Halloween food is that is does not have
to be elaborate. The simpler it is,
really, the more in keeping with the
occasion. Hot dogs, bowls of buttered
popcorn, doughnuts, steaming coffee,
or cocoa for the younger set, pumpkin
pies or tarts-almost anything of this
nature goes we'll Scrambled eggs
and sausage cakes are good, too, and
those who are older and have adequate
. digestion would enjoy perfectly made
Welsh rarebit! Whatever you serve,
1t should be decorated and as much
in keeping with the spirit of Halloween
as possible.
For instance, if you are serving
Ice cream for childrens party, you
could cover ordinary ice cream cones