davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1938-01-01
Job INSURANCE
PAY EFFECTIVE
New Phase of Security Ac-
companied by Wage
Tax Increase.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The social security program en-
tered q new phase today when un-
employment insurance dement's be-
came operative in 81 States and the
District Of Columbia.
The Social Security Act, passed in
1885, provided for unemployment in
surance, old-age pensions, maternity
and child aid, help for the blind,
extension of public health service and
vocational rehabilitation.
All had been put into operation ex-
cept payment of unemployment in
surance and old-age benefits-the two
major provisions.
The Federal-State unemployment
insurance was in effect during 1887
only in Wisconsin, which for several
years has had a State law.
MARYLAND and Virginia Included.
The 81 States which with the Dis
trict of Columbia begin unemploy-
ment programs this month are:
Alabama, Arizona. California. Con-
necticut, Louisiana, Maine. Maryland.
Massachusetts,, Minnesota, New
Hampshire. New York. North Caro-
lima, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode
Island, Tennessee, Texas, Utah. Ver-
mont. Virginia and West Virginia.
Some other States will begin the
payments later in 1888. and all sys-
TENS will be in operation in 1899.
The delay in beginning the system
IN some States was due to require
ments that State must levy taxes
for one year to build up reserve
fund before beginning payments.
The States where the payments
become effective today have total
reserve Of s437,s00,o0o with the Fed
eral Government.
The Social Security Act levied a tax
OF per cent on wages paid by en-
ployers covered by the unemployment
insurance provisions for 1886 and z
per cent in 1887. In 1888 the tax goes
up to 3 per cent. The act provides,
however, for the employer to get credit
up to 80 per cent of the tax for con-
tributions made to State unemploy-
ment funds.
State Terms Vary.
All States now have unemployment
compensation laws, but their tax rates
and benefits vary. In general. they
are devised to provide benefits ranging
from SIS to SIS week.
The old-age pension provisions OF
the act allowed a period for accumu-
lating reserve, just as did the I'M
employment insurance section.
Under these provisions. no old-age
benefits will be paid until 1910. This
year the tax to build up this reserve
was 2 per cent per cent of the
employees wages, up to $4,000, and l
per cent payable by the employer.
Already more than s34000o,O00 has
been collected.
The tax remains the same in 1888
and 1899, but will be increased one
half Of l per cent on both employer
and employe in 1910.
Evening star., 1938-01-01
HIT BY AUTOMOBILE

Benjamin F. Carrick, 80, of II Ross
street, Cottage City, Md, was taken
to Casualty Hospits! by the Bladens-
burg Rescue Squad early today after
being struck by IAN unknown auto
mobile" at Ross street and Baltimore
boulevard, Cottage City.
The hospital reported his condition
as fair" He is being treated for a
fractured right arm, fractured right leg
and head injuries.
Evening star., 1938-01-01
Kills That Crabb Grass.

A chemical with the jaw-breaking
name Of NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. 10
methoxy stearate dissolved in kerosene
will kill lawn weeds without killing
grass, it was reported by ]. H. Hanley
and F. F. Weinard Of the University Of
Illinois.
Applied with a concentration of one
tenth Of per cent, they said, it killed
all the crab grass, plaintains and
dandelions in experimental plots, but
left the grass healthier than ever.
One application was six times more
powerful than a II per cent solution Of
iron sulphate which has been used by
gardeners in the past to produce SINH
lar results.
Evening star., 1938-01-01
Mothers Support Mind.

Early death Of mothers apparently
Is one cause of insanity, 1t was re-
ported by Prof. Herbert Barry, jr.,
Of Tufts College.
He studied the childhood records of
$500 patients in a State hospital for
the insane. He found that almost
twice as many Of these unfortunate
persons had lost their mothers in
early childhood as was true of the
population In general.
Such an event, he stressed. IS .
psychic trauma which Is likely to pro-
duce profound lasting effects on the
mind. Deaths Of fathers apparently
made little difference. The rate Of
such losses for the patients was about
that of The population IN general
Evening star., 1938-01-01
Dreams Of Freedom Rare,

Dreams Of Freedom Rare.
Men in Jail don't, for the most part,
dream of freedom.
To test the psychoanalytical hy-
pothesis that every dream Is the full
fillment Of some wish unattainable in
real life DR.. L. M. Hanks of the Uni
versity Of Illinois analyzed the dreams
related to him by so convicts. The
dream Of being out Of Jail, he found,
was rare, however strongly the in
dividual might wish to be free.
He found most of the dreams could
be interpreted as solutions of the
problems of everyday life. Rather
than symbolic escapes, they tended
to be justification for being in
Jail.
Evening star., 1938-01-01
T,ro-Headed Snakes Disagree
And Die Young, Science Finds
Play Together but Fight Over Food
Going to Same Stomach-We eed. Killing
Chemical Leaues La,Un Unframed

parent wet patch lying ahead on the
highway in summer When the mo-
torist comes up to it he finds the road
perfectly dry.
The explanation. he said. lies in the
refractions Of rays Of light passing
through the stratum of heated air
The rays from the sky which are
sufhciently close to the ground are
refracted or bent upward to reach an
observers eye when he happens to be
in just the right position. So the wet
patch In the road is really the sky up
above,
Evening star., 1938-01-01
LONGER LIGHT ASKED

Maintaining that Washington street
lights are turned OF when it Is still
very dark" thus creating danger
Gus condition" the Keystone Automo-
bile Club urges tha timetable govern
ing the lights b amended 20 as to
coincide with regulations governing
the lighting Of automobile headlights.
The lights would then be turned on
30 minutes before sunrise instead OF
the present IS minutes, and lighted
30 minutes before sunset, instead Of
Is minutaA
Evening star., 1938-01-01
Athletic Girl Brainy. Too.

The athletic college girl is usually
brainy also, DR.. J. E. Janney of West
ern College, Oxford, Ohio, reported
to the association. A study Of so
woman athletes among the students,
he said, showed that they excelled in
scholarship and intelligence and had
more friends among the other girls
than the average student who did
not take part in college sports. On
the whole, he said, such girls tend to
underestimate their own abilities and
popularity.
Evening star., 1938-01-01
A Reason for Visions.

Travellers lost in the desert some-
times report seeing GASES, towns, etc.,
in the distance. They are visions
which recede from the thirst-crazed
men as they press onward-but visions
with q definite physical basis. The
chances are everybody has seen some
thing Of the same sort without realiz-
ing 1t, DR.. F. L. Verwiebe Of the nli-
nois State Teachers' College reported
hsrs. A common sxampls b the ap-
Evening star., 1938-01-01
Woman, "a, Is Grandmother.

ST. LOUIS, Jan. l. iP.-Mrs. Stella
de Woskin. "a years old, accepted con-
gratulations today on becoming a
grandmother
Her daughter. Mrs. Jerry Librach,
Is the mother Of twin girls. She is
IL years old, her husband, II.
Mrs. Henry Librach, the paternal
grandmother, is only 3s years old.
Evening star., 1938-01-01
THE WEATHER REPORT

ColumbaRan
probably fair colder
degrees general shifting winds becoming
MARYLAND and Vgna-Moy cloudy and colder tomorrow
rain probably turning to
ending tomorrow morning
West
tonight; generally
-
Evening star., 1938-01-01
JUSTICE CARD0Z0, ILL,
MAY MISS SESSIONS
Absence Might Affect Decisions
in Some Important Cases
Which Are Pending.

Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo prob
ably will be unable to attend sessions
OF the Supreme Court for the next
two or three weeks, it was said to-
day, being confined to his bed at home
by illness.
Unless Justice Cardozo votes with
out attending the conferences Of the
justices, his absence may affect de-
cisions In some Of the pending vital
cases.
There is nothing serious in his ILL
ness. 1t was said The justice was
taken i'll with the grippe about two
weeks ago, but was expected to be
back on the bench after the holidays.
This attack was followed. however, by
a case Of shingles, which made 1t
necessary for him to remain in bed.
His physician anticipate q sure, but
slow recovery for the 67-year -old
bachelor justice.
Evening star., 1938-01-01
representative ILL

ALMA, Ga, Jan. l (P.-nl Of a
heart ailment. Representative Bras
well Deem was confined to his home
today under physicians order to take
a complete rest before attempting to
resume his duties at Washington.
His secrtary, Stanley Smith. already
ha gone to the Capital to handle rou-
tine business
Evening star., 1938-01-01
MOTHER, OPERATED ON
BEFORE A BIRTH, DIES
Mrs. Mildred sours Loses Three
Month Battle for Life.
Heart Failed.

Mrs. Mildred Sours, 1900 block OF
Eighth street NV, who was operated
on for appendicitis few hours before
giving birth to son on September 30,
lost three-month battle for life at
Providence Hospital yesterday.
Numerous blood transfusions had
been given Mrs. Sours to help her
hight complications that developed
after the operation and birth. But her
heart failed from the long struggle,
physicians said, and she died yesterday.
The baby son, still at Providence,
was described as healthy infant.
Evening star., 1938-01-01
Stratosphere Flirhta Forecast

Regularly scheduled transcontinen-
tai flights through the stratosphere, s
or miles above the surface of the
earth and far above all storms or
weather changes, will be . matter of
routine within five or six years, Capt.
D. w. Tomlinson told . section of the
American Association. Speeds will be
nearly half as great again as is possible
on passenger flights at present.
Evening star., 1938-01-01
Record for Last - Hours.

Record for Last "A Hours.
(From noon yesterday to noon today)
Highest. Al, $40 pm. yesterday. Year
ago so. -
Lowest. AZ. 3 am. today. Year ago. Al.
Record Temperatures This Year.
Highest. As. on January l.
Lowest. k2. on January !.
Evening star., 1938-01-01
Brazilian Progress Urged.

RIO DE JANEIRO, Jan. / R.-
President Getulio Vargas, In a mid
night broadcast welcoming the new
year, called on Brazilians to help in
the march to the west" to develop
the nations vast natural resources.
Evening star., 1938-01-01

The disturbance that was over the
North valleys Friday morning is now
region and the Upper Ohio valley, with
q trough extending southwestward from
West Virginia to the West Gulf coast
Marquette. Mich. 1886 inches; Knapp
Creek, Pa. $3.50 inches. and Port Arthur
Tex. 29.54 inches. This disturbance has
been attended by precipitation in the West
Gulf States and over most sections from
the MISSISSIPPI Valley eastward to the
Louisiana and Eastern Texas, Galveston
reporting the greatest amount, 9 40 inches
Pressure remains low over Alaska. British
Columbia, Alberta. British Columbia and
Juneau, Alaska, 1924 inches. and it is
low and falling over the Coronation Gulf
region and the District of Keewatin. Cop
permine. District of Mackenzie. 29.6s
inches. High pressure prevails over most
Port Harrison; so:7e inches; Yellowstone
Park, Wyo:. 3O.44 inches; st. Georges,
Bermuda. 3O.2S inches, and Akron, Colo.
5000 inches. and Norman. District of
Mackenzie. 30.1O inches. Temperature
has risen in the Middle Atlantic. South
Atlantic and East Gulf States and the
Southern Appalachian. region. while the
weather has become colder from the Rocky
Mountain region eastward to the Ohio
and Lower Mississippi Valleys and the
Upper Lake region.
Evening star., 1938-01-01
Precipitation.

Monthly precipitation in inches in
Capital icurrent month todatel:
Evening star., 1938-01-01

FURNISHED by United States Coast
Geodetic Survey)
Evening star., 1938-01-01
Tide Tables.

Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers clear
at Harper's Ferry; Potomac clear at Great
Falls today.
The times-news., 1938-05-30
NEWSPAPERS OPINIONS
PURPOSE OF THE IVA PROBE

While the4testinenyYof DIR. Arthur Morgan with
which the orsressionaE geomnittees Investigating
the TVAs}entefprise opened its inquiry, may De
regarded as analogous to- the opening address OF
the prosecuting attorney in criminal case in that
all the statements aressubject to subsequent proof,
it nevertheless is of value in indicating the general
scope of the inquiry What is under serutiny.is not
so much the individual controversies among trus-
tees on. the Authority as it is the enterprise itself
and the manner in which it has been and is being
carried OUT rs -, 49,.
AS everyone by this time is well aware, electric
power has at all times been the heart Of the mat
ter All the other activities have. always been and
ares still subordinate to power The chief purpose
from the beginning was to put the federal govern
raent into the power business in competition with
the private companies 1t is the conduct of the
enterprise from this point of view which is the
main subject to be probed by the committee
Now one of the most; important aspects OF the
matter. is the true. cost of the power which IVA.
has been generating and selling to ITS customers
The country told at great length that the en-
terprise. would furnish reliable "yardstieK Dy
which to measure rates charged by private COM
panies. The essence of yardstck is its 'yardness
and'th value of IVA yardstick depends entirely
upon the accuracy with which the costs Of its pow
rhave been aseertaned and the integrity OF their
reflection in the prices charged for the product
Whatever else the investigating committee does,
it should clear up this point once and for all
This viii, require searching. examination of the
accounting from both the capital investment and
the operating point of view. On neither have we
information sufficient to disclose the whole truth.
Until we have that We do not know what is being
done with the taxpayers money. nor do We know
whether the governments competiton with its citi-
zens is fair or not. We must have the truth-all
of it. The best way to get it is to subject the ac-
counts of the enterprise to review by independent
expert authority as is the practice in the case OF
private enterprises, where reorganization is in
question.
If we do not get the truth on this point the con-
gressional investigation will have failed in its most
Important duty.-Wal Street Journal.
The times-news., 1938-05-30
GREEKS REARING GIFTS"

When hosiery workers were holding their union
convention in Charlotte few days ago, organizers
said the union hadspent $500, Zoo torunionze other
areas and that tt had million dollars to spend for
similar work in the South.
We think our people should read well into the
records of these organizers and the organizations
they represent before giving heed to their pleas.
Who are these organizers? Have they ever been
employed in hosiery mills? Have their unionization
campaigns elsewhere aided themselves or the work.
ers? Is employment available to the unionized
areas today ii. was before the campaigns were
launched?. l'r -, s... +..- .-- .--..,..
And what do these organizers earn now that
they should have the responsibility, to have spent,
as they claim, nearly 100000 with resources to
spend another million?
And what, of the industry in the areas where
they have been active in Philadelphia for instance
Is it not fact that whether because of union in
reference or not, this industry they have organ
lied in their own city and section, has been vir-
tually rocked? Many plants there are closed for
ever; others have moved to the Southland to escape
bitter agitations of organizers. ~
These are questions of utmost interest to our
hosiery workers fort if organization means the
wreck of an industry employing thousands and
now paying living wages can our people afford to
take chance? ..-... ..
4 Collective bargaining is here, and is recognized
as legal contract into which employees and en-
ployers may enter but before our people agree to
its rules and regulations they should be certain OF
the cahber of the organization with which they af-
filiate.
as the invasion of these organizers recently
come into this section to be honest legitimate and
peaceful is it within their plans and purposes to
force their particular union upon southern employ
ers and employees by means of terrorism and riot
whether either wants it OF not?" Pertinenty asks
The Charlotte Observer "There is very old but
wise admonition to beware, Of Greeks bearing
gifts Intelligent, dutiful, honest and honorable
workers in the Industries of the South might call
to- mind this ancient counsel and stand on inquir-
ing guard when they visited by group OF out
sders and strangers for the purpose OF either coax
ing, or eoereing them into the union which they
represent" Charlotte Observer ..-.
The times-news., 1938-05-30
FORECLOSURES

The federal governments Home Loan Bank has
had to take over eighty-two thousand homes Of
people who could not keep up their mortgage pay
ments ...- 80 s.-...
There have been seventy thousands foreclosures
and twelve thousand properties were surrendered
voluntarily. - '"' >...
The government lost two million dollars in those
transactions.
: What has happened in the governments home
loan program tells the reason why lot of people
are not able to borrow money privately in the usual
way-they are mighty poor; risks, which private
lending agency can i'll afford to take on.
Apparently there is some foundation IN fact for
the charge which has been banded abont more or
less that many people take out such loans from the
government who have no expectations Of paying
up and do not make the effort
Undoubtedly the great majority, of people who
secure such loans desire to own and keep their
homes and make, the necessary payments if they
are able. to, do so. =. i"
The depression and recession have been pretty
hard on aslot of these people, however, and the
government is probably fortunate not to have lost
more than two million dollars IN this manner
If losses could have been kept down as much in
all relief transaction, the governments probably
would. have saved. several times this two million
dollars, on it's public debt Rock Hill Herald.
The times-news., 1938-05-30
HOBBIES OF MODERN
PROFESSORS RANGE
WIDE, STUDY SHOWS

NEW YORK, May 80. (UP)-
Time was when all professors
spent their leisure time in re.
research work, delving into 4
complex scientific theory or por,
ing over heavily bound book of
ancient renown.
Now things have changed. Ac-
cOrding to recent survey OF
Hunter College staff members
such hobbies as making onion
soup, collecting dolls and noting
the changing seasonal moods of
the Hudson River, capture the
interest of the modern professor.
The hobbies Of the Hunter fac
ulty range from the field of sports
to politics, and include the arts,
domestic interests, interior deco
ration, science, photography, and
collecting!
Among the interesting posses
sions owned by various teachers
are razor blades $500 years old
from the Island of Milas, a mathe-
matics book printed in 1920, and
caricatures dating from the 10th
century. The Hunter staff can
organize its own orchestra and
vocal ensemble from lobbyists
alone, and at least two instructors
have collections of their own
paintings.
One hobby that is used in II
practical way is photography and
several instructors use the pic
lures for geology, geograph, and
however, have a purely
interest in this field.
Even the auction sale enthu&-
asts are present. One professor
who owns pre-Revolutionary
home in Ruchess County, n. Y,
admits spending much Of her
spare time looking for additional
antiques for the house. Other in
are particularly inter
ested in old tables, old English
The times-news., 1938-05-30
BEHIND THE SCENES
IN WASHINGTON
BY RODNEY BUTCHER.

lion dollars year. and hasn't
come anywhere near-it since.
TT hit low of $709,O00 900 in
l. 1893. But at that time govern
ment pump-priming came into the
picture in large way. 'rr
Subsequent annual history, ac-
cording to the above mentioned
series of figures, has been as fol-
lows in terms of capita; invest
ment and government pump prim-
ing:
1888: Private, 709 millions; gov
ernment, 1856 millions; total 2565
millions. ....
1884: Private, 1886; govern
lnent, 323S; total, 1924.
1885: Private, 14l2; govern
ment, 1854; total, 1866.
1896: Private, 1878; govern
ment,. 4025; total, 1898.
1887: Private, 2049, govern
nent, 900; total, ,2949.
In the first quarter of this year
apital investment had dropped to
4 rate of about 1900 millions an
lually and government was max
iig almost no contribution at all.
WHATEVER other implications
these figures may have, it is
demonstrated that 1887 showed
npre private investment than in
ally, year since 1882 and that there
WIS so per cent drop, from the
cmbined total of the income
poducing investment and pump
piming: of 1887 before business
Wpnt sour.
While government cut its contri-
.bdion to. purchasing power by
THEE billions, industry piled up an
eMess of goods amounting to Ave
biEons.
Inventories. have been reduced
to In unknown extent while fac
tones curtailed and men were laid
off Pump primers don't seem tc
thik they can build the govern
met contribution up aeyond
So, ,Q0, 100000 for 1888, which
mehs few of them hope to be able
TO b much more than "hold the
lind this year. None of them dare
try 10 less.
lCe wright 1888. NEA Service. Inci
The times-news., 1938-05-30

WAsHlNGToN-Now that Cot-
'" gress has made it clear that
there is to be pump printing in at-
cordance with the Presidents plan
for economic recovery, it becomS
interesting to inquire into the rea-
sons why the pump-primeH
think that it can succeed: \
New Dealers say that bushes;
went on the toboggan between.
1929 and 1898 when the pump
wasn't primed, that it started up
in 1888 when the pump was
primed and only. went to pot again
in 1887 when pump-priming was
too draStically curtailed.
The pump-priming theory has
three props. 1t assumes the sys-
tenn will work like this: /. Gov
ernment provides some purchas-
ing power when private enterprise
and investment stagpates. 2. Coy
ernment's. new spending and in
vestment goes to persons who will
spend, take goods off the market
and create a demand for more
goods and employment. 8. Bust
ness activity then increases. Cor
porations and wealthy men make
profits and invest savings in new
plants, equipment and so on, Civ
ing private employment and re-
ducing need for government en-
ployment.
The theory struck a snag after
national income had risen from
40, billions in 1882 to 68 billions in
1887. You can get reasons for a
dime a dozen, but pump-primers
will tell you that pump-priming
had reached zero early this year,
as a result Of business demands
for budget-balancing.,
' The following figures, taken
from a conservative. New York
financial journal, give you some
idea what has happened in the
terms in which punp-primers are
thinking:
New capital investment (private
pump-priming, that is) reached an
all time high Of over 10 billion
dollars in 1929 and dropped to
seven billions in 1890. =
In 1891 the flow of capital in
vestment dropped below six bill
The times-news., 1938-05-30
SHARpENEp
MADE CENTURY i

Sharpcncf which he s,,;; ,A
nearly 100 years old : S,lnas| aI
W, K. Nelson. Dcs No;'ti GsisI
pcnter, ''0'ae
The device, called , II
pointer p was made in H,.d
Germany, and rcScmbIs. ''a. 4
ture lathe. More than a f1s !
and made Of IRON, The ,Ily,. ,"s
crates with acrank. "%