davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-02-12

States geological survey, the army en-
gineers, the United states forest serv-
ice. and, In some instances. state and
even municipal agencies are now CO.
operating on q planned and growing
program OF snow surveys promising
benefits beyond compare.
Depth measurements are but an In
consequential part OF the data being
collected In the national forest snow
fields today for It has been found that
the weight and wetneSs Of the snow
are Of far more Importance than the
depth.
In place Of the old-fashioned snow
stakes the forest ranger now uses care
fully turned hollow duraluminum tubes
and delicate. spring balances Tor his
snow Sampling. The special SNOW
measuring tubes come in detachable
30-inch lengths and can be shortened
or extended as needed On the section
Of the tube which first enters the Snow
is q toothed cutting edge somewhat re-
sembling a cogwheel.
The tube cuts and catches a cross
section snow core as it Is pushed down
through the drifts. When pulled up and
water equivalent Of the snow layer can
be read directly on the scales. One
fifth pound Of snow core in this special
tube indicates the presence OF one inch
of normal precipitation. The tubes are
also marked in inches so that depth
can be made at the same time
the core is out.
Without considering the tremendous
drifts which sometimes accumulate in
one winter to depths in excess OF $50
feet, 1t has been determined that the
thickness of the snow blanket at the
headwaterS Of our most important
streams varies anywhere from 40 to
100 inches on the level. Since strong, .
icy winds never cease blowing on the
high ridges where the snow samples
are obtained, 1t will be appreciated that
the work Of holding the long light tubes (
and sinking them through this mass in .
a perfectly perpendicular position is
no child's play. Oftentimes, II the tube .
Is not rotated. both going down and (
coming up, 1t freezes fast and requires /
the combined efforts Of two men to
pull it free. In such cases, the snow
core is lost and the process must be
at the same spot.
Substantial evidence that the depth /
Of this mammoth cover is no
reliable indicator of its water content
Is shown by the fact that in the case
Of dry, light, freshly fallen snow as
much as so inches of the fleecy mater
al may be required to make the equiv
alent Of one inch Of rain. In other
Eases, as in the spring after the snow
has settled, as little as two inches OF
now may be required to make an inch
If water.
The condition Of the soil beneath the
now Is also of prime Importance in
he action of runoff water. If the for
st soil happens to be frozen before the
irst layers of snowfall in the noun {
aims, this frozen layer Of earth will
bSorb no water and, as a consequence, ]
ghen the snow melts much Of the val s
able rIInoff water escapes the high {
and reservoirs and is lost In a mad
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-02-12

10 feet on the level, 1t is not unusual
70 find considerable patches Of snow
under the trees as much as q month
after snow IN the open has entirely
disappeared.
Finding that single measurements at
widely scattered places were not re-
liable enough 70 determine represent
tative conditions. the snow sampling
rangers now have extended snow
courses" established at carefully selec-
ted places in the uplands. Such SNOW
courses" are from 1000 to 1000 feet
long and tests are made at given points
along the course from IS to 100 feet
apart. From this series Of readings
taken along the course an average Is
computed and an accurate picture OF
existing conditions is quickly arrived
at.
Most important snow samples are
taken on the snow courses" along the
high divides and at various elevations
in the mountains before the snow be-
gins to melt in the spring generally
on March / and April /. In addition
to the early spring readings. observa-
tons are also made at q number Of
key points each month from Jan. /
until the beginning of the snow melt
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-02-12

the day. but the runoff OF snow water
is very low. This affords the earth 3
good opportunity 70 absorb the mols-
ture Ia easy stages and makes an ex-
tremely favorable distribution Of the
water.
BY comparison, however, q warm,
early spring causes a more rapid and
continuous melting OF the snow cover
and a corespondingiy faster runoff Of
the water. In this case the soil gets
more water than It can swallow In the
time allotted with the result that great
quantities are spilled down the steep
slopes into the creeks and streams.
Such conditions aided and abetted by
heavy spring rains many times result In
floods which ravage the lowlands from
the mountains to the sea.
without the retarding influence OF
the forest. floods caused by fast melt
ing snow would be far more devastat-
ing than they are. In addition 70 mois-
ture caught and held by the Spongy
forest soils the shading and wind
shielding effects OF trees on the rate
at which snow melts are manifest to
everyone familiar with the woods. In
the high c-untry forests where SHOWS
accumulate to depths Of from eight to
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-02-12

rush to the sea. Here again the thick
soft carpet of needles and twigs Is OF
value in protecting the underlying soil
from a deep penetration Of frost.
In this connection It is commonly
supposed that in early spring when
snow Is melting fallen logs and debris
win become so saturated with water
that chances Of forest fire are prac-
tically nil From experiments conducted
by the northern Rocky mountain forest
and range experiment station it has
been learned that this is an erroneous
assumption, for wood Is very like the
forest soil If frozen dry early in the
fall before the SHOWS come 10 cover
them, logs win remain dry throughout
the winter and early spring-absorbin
none of the runoff water at all.
Interesting and significant facts have
also been learned as to how snow melts
and the relation Of the melt to the
runoff OF water. During cold, backward
springs, tests have demonstrated that
the snow blanket melts and settles
perceptibly during the warm period Of
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-02-12
Tracks Under the Snow
BY THE FOREST RANGER

ticular-Prof. ]. E. Church Of the Uni
versity of Nevada-heard the new call
of the winter wild and it is TO hls
personal interest and courage that we
are indebted today for what author
itative information is at hand. SpurTed
on by his findings and leadership in
the field the United States bureau Of
Agricultural engineers, the United
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-02-12

traffic stop waste enough 'undigested" gasoline
to carry you u of a mile.
To cut this waste and its cost, they found a way
to rearrange the chemical structure of gasoline,
making every drop of fuel disable to your motor
under all driving conditions.
You save on the cost of your stop-and-go drivs
ing by the regular use of Super-Shell. There's
Shell dealer near you.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-02-12
KEVlN-SUNBURST FIELD


Big west-McDonald NO NV NEa NEa le-s5-zw
Big West Gunderson No Sw NEa NWa 19-35-2w
Crumley- Fryberger No. IL Sc SEA NEa 24-35-3W
Fulton Thompson No. 2 SW SE5Nwa 28-35-3W
Montgomery -Fargher & Nepstad-T humm No. /
NV SW7 Nw7 33-35-3W
Plotke g. Rader-Ward No. SW SEA SE3 2o-35-3W
New Era-Goeddertz NO SEA SW3 12-35-3W
Occur dAlene-Revin Trust-Stewart No. / NE SW4 SW
Vanderpas- Thumm No. SW NWa NWs S3-35-SW
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-02-12

A mile on your speedometer may easily be mile
and half to your engne-when it's stop and go.
HERE'S WHY:
In slow" gsOr, your engine uboUl Twelve
times for each turn Of the wheels. In second"
turns CboUi eghf-in "hish," only about four
You drive mile, but how far your engine runs de-
ponds on how many times you stop and start-how
much of the mile is in low and second gears.
Shell engineers found that getting away from
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-02-12
Drilling Wells--Kevin-Sunburst

ACCOMPLISHMENTS No. Sc SEA 18-S5-2W 14O
Big WeSt-Gundeson NE4 1935-2W So
c
/ Spuddec
Petroleum No. Sc 14-35-2W 45
Richof- Baum No 3 SW SW3 SEA 3353W
i. Spudded
Kelvin Community-Fee 3-34-4W
Superior Pet-Government No NE NW3 NW3 1235-SW 14C
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-02-12
CUT BANK OIL FIELD

CUT BANK DRILLING WELLS
1 Gas
Up
Hauis-Trba 116 35-336W
ParduAnderson No SESWa 31-325w
Marshal Al 119 No 1-32-6w Oil 1910
8 c
LoCATIONs-CUT
Glacier Production NNVamer Unit
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1938-12-10
Death Ends
Mems Quarrel
Argued Over
Woman's Love

An argument about a woman
early Monday morning resulted In
the death OF Ike Davis, SO. s46 East
Willis avenue. Davis was stabbed
to death. =.
Tom Tucker. 80. also OF the Will
lis avenue address, was arrested
by police and charged with the
killing. =.
Witnesses told police that they
had heard Davis and Tucker argu-
ing In the rear Of the house about
q woman. During the argument
Tucker is alleged to have said
You're a dam liar" and then
start cutting Davis.
Davis fled between the houses
and disappeared. His body was
later found between two parked
automobiles on Superior street. He
had stabbed wounds in the chest
and on the left hand.
The body remained unidentified at
the morgue until police questioned
Lafayette Brown. 3s. s4s East Will
lis, and Frank X. walker, s6, same
address.
Police were unable TO locate the
woman, or her name.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1938-12-10
O. Willard Reveals
w o o drow Wilson's
Attitude On Negroes

NEW YORK-A report OF an In
terview with the late President
Woodrow Wilson in October, 1913,
on the treatment OF the Negro, Il
contained In the December issue
OF The Crisis Magazine. official or
gan OF the National Association for
the Advancement OF Colored Peo-
pie.
The interview, written by o.
valid Garrison Willard, famed CON.
tributing editor OF The Nation. tells
how Willard carried the protest oil
Negroes against segregation In
government departments directly
TO the white House. Willard wal
"a close friend OF Wilson and after
having luncheon with the Presi.
dent had a discussion OF more
than an hour Of the whole ques.
ton OF Negro citizens.
Willard reports that Wilson told
him. II have thought about this
thing for 20 years, and I see nc
way out. 1t will take a very big
man TO solve this thing"
Mr.. Willard reports that Presi.
dent Wilson said that he was work.
Ing for the colored people steadily
and that before he left office hs
hoped to accomplish something FOL
them. The President told him
however, that he was hampered al
every turn by Democratic senators
who ARE secretly encouraged by
number OF Republicans"
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1938-12-10
Detroit Singer Appears In
Recital In Canadian Church

Albert Greenlaw. OF Beniteau
avenue. one OF Detroit's outstand-
Ing singers, appeared in a recital
on November 21 al Chalmers Unit
ed church, in Woodstock, Canada.
his native town.
The talented basso was enthusi-
astically received and the church
was crowded 10 capacity. His last
previous concert engagement IN
Woodstock was three years ago.
Among The selections rendered
by Mr.. Greenlaw were: "Oh, May
My Walk Be Close To God" by
Johnson: The Bird With The
Broken Wing" Ashford; Dreams
OF Paradise" Cray; Were You
There" Greenlaw; STEAL way
To Jesus. Fear Not Ye, o Israel y
Dudley Buck: Heaven And Earth"
Pinsuti; Swing Low, Sweet Char
lot" Go Down. Moses" and
Deep River" BurIeigh.
- The singer was accompanied In
all numbers by Percy Pascoe
whom he paid a great compliment.
He said you have an organist here
whom you can be proud OF. I hsve
travelled all over Canada and the
United States, and have never
had anybody accompany me so per-
fectly and with such feeling as my
old friend, Percy Pascoe."
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1938-12-10
NAACP Branch Will
Elect T h e Officers

pf J j. McClendon. president
OF the Detroit Branch " a. 4. c.
P ANNOUNCES that in accordance
with the plea made by the New
York office for contributions for
the new anti-lynch bill fight. dona-
tons are being received at the To-
cal branch office. President Nc
Clendon urges that members and
Interested friends send their dona-
tons TO the Branch office 44s E.
Warren avenue.
Detroit officials also announce
that annual election OF officers
will be held December ~ at $3.50
p. N, at the St Antoine INCA
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1938-12-10
Emmett Scott Drops
Suit Against Howard
F o r Reinstatement

WASHINGTON. d. Clamp.
DR.. Emmett ]. Scott, years ago Sec
rotary TO Booker T. Washington
and since 1918, the secretary OF
Howard University. last Tuesday
gave up his fight 10 be restored to
his post here at the University. JUS
tice Daniel W. O'Donoghue. IN Dis
trict Court. granted motion 10
dismiss Scotts suit against the
school.
Or. Scott. who is s.. was retired
on June 80. and his suit was based
on the contention he could not be
removed until he had reached the
age OF IS. In Tuesdays proceedings.
Dr. SCOTS counsel, Attorneys Will
bur LaRoe, Jr, and James $. Rod
gers. made motion for leave TO
dismiss the suit. stating they were
convinced their client could not OBJ
tain the INJUNCTION he sought
against The university.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1938-12-10
Dave Waters
Returned To Face
Alabama Charge
Writ Denied By
Judge Chenot
On Warrant

Dave Waters. %. 5%s2 Bangor
avenue. was returned TO Sellers.
Alabama November 80 70 face q
larceny charge. Waters had
Jumped a $500 bond.
Judge James Chenot. OF Circuit
Court denied . writ OF habeas cor
pus brought by Attorney Joseph
Brown. The extradition warrant
had been signed BY Governor Frank
Murphy.
This was the second extradition
warrant signed by Governor MUIR
ply for the rendition OF Waters to
the Alabama authorities. The first
was signed September l. but At
torney Brown had Waters before
Judge Chenot on q writ on septem-
Der .. The writ was granted on
Browns argument that the extra
dition papers were deficient In that
they did not state the time and
place OF the alleged offense.
Waters was accused OF stealing
calf and had been In Detroit
since September OF 1897 He had
been employed on wPA project,
and was arrested August IA.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1938-12-10
Co-ops Club Sponsors
Thanksgiving Dinner

Members ot the Co-ops club held
.neir annual Thanksgiving dinner
10 the Twilight Dining Room last
saturday eyenins A delicious tur-
Key dinner vas served. after which
"a celebrants danced TO the nu-
sic o. the One Man band.
Among those present were Miss
yerlis Boddie. IN delicate pink and
silver Mrs Smith, in pink velvet
and seqlin Jacket; Mrs Parks
wearirg baby blue net: Mr.. and
Mrs. Grant MISS Cooper, a,tired 10
lovely black dinner gown aud
rer CUES. Mss Flsuings OF New
York City: Mrs 3. Gordy. IL black
7et. trimmed II o!ak Miss Turner
also n black net; Miss Mae Mays.
wearing wtne-colored gown With
rhits trimming. Attorney II DQd-
81. Dr. Swanson DR.. Collins. Rev.
Hurs,oa- Dr. Todd NJ Marachi.
DIT. and Mrs Z. C. Boddle. Mr.
Gruhos. Or stuart Or. John Mat
ocks. Mr.. Fien.nE, M and Mrs.
g. H.,l and NJ. HArdry.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1938-12-10
Defendants In
Damage Suit
Arrested
Held In Jail
Before Making
Required Bond

Phillip Barsch, white. $40 Has
tngs street. defendant IL s,s,-
400 damage suit. was arrested or
caplas last wednesday evening
and held IN the County Jail for five
hours before he could make bond
Tor his release.
Barach 10 being sued BY George
Baker. 500 King avenue. former
employee % Barach who charges II
bis bill o. compIsict tha, BE was
falsely accused and arrested en- a
robbery arm charge which had
been made BY his former boss.
Raker was tried hu. later acquitted
o, the charge
The complainant charges II his
bill that because OF his .mp-ison-
nent from July s 20 October he
has suffered much humiliation ard
embarrassment from his friends
and neighbo-s
The damage So. vss died ~
Bakers attorney, Aionzo D Ps.-.-
ford two weeks ago
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1938-12-10
.Y.W.C.A. NOTES

Honor has come TO three Girl
Reserves OF Luck Thurman branch
YwCA who have BEEN appointed
important offices and committee
chairmanships In the City-wide
YwCA Girl Reserve Inter-Club
Council.
Clara Young. president OF Amlci-
It's Club at Cass Technical High
school. has been elected official
musician for the Metropolitan Girl
Reserve Inter-Club council. She is
splendid and we'll trained must
clan and represented the branch at
the State Girl Reserve mid-winter
conference at Kalamazoo last Feb
ruary.
frankie Johnson. vice president
OF Ever-Loyal club OF Northwestern
High school has been appointed
service chairman for the Inter-
Club council. She was a delegate
to the High school conference at
Camp Cavell last summer.
Dorothy Gray, the new member
ship and world fellowship chair
man. is president of Ever Loyal
Girl Reserve at Northwestern High
school and attended the officers
, setting-up conference at Camp
Falahi in September.
Hostesses are announced BY the
Y.W.C.A. for the December Fellow
ship Musical Tea at Lucy Thurman
Branch on Sunday, December IL
from 4 to 6 o'clock. The address OF
the branch Is $50 East Elizabeth
at 81. Antoine.
All members OF the community
fare invited 10 this delightful az
fair which Is being arranged by
women from the membership de-
partment. The musical program
will be presented by the Lyric
Players.
Greeting the guests viii be Mrs.
Beulah Carter. Mrs. Jessie Nickles.
Mrs. Maude White. Mrs. F1orine
Mckinney. Mrs. r. 4. Dawson. Mrs.
Grace Rayburn. Mrs. Waiter Car
ruthers. Mrs. Ida Owen. Mrs. Flo
"a Robinson. Mrs. Bernice Longs
ton. Mrs. wilhemina King. Mrs.
Anna Lewis. Mrs. James Hender-
son and Mrs. Charles jenkins. Tea
IS served in the second floor club
rooms.
Miss Betty Louise Cain. health
education director at Lucy Thur
man Branch YwcA announces
that the basketball season opens
this week. All those interested IN
learning OF playing the game are
invited 70 join the basketball
group and play every wednesday,
nirht at 8 o'clock.
Senior Cir Reserves will parade
their pet mobiles for me snjsy'
ment OF their parents and friends
az Lucy Thurman Branch ywci
on Friday. December >. a. est
O'Clock.
In connection With The dispIe'
there Is 10 be an interesting pre-
sentation Of the value Of hobbies
and how they may be enjoyed b,
both parents and girls. The affair
Is sponsored jointly by the Cir
Reserve Educallop departments OF
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1938-12-10
Detroit Kappa Heads
Prepare For: C0nc1ave

Headed By both the polemarchs
OF the Detroit Alumni and Alpha
Beta chapters. Detroit Kappas are
going ahead rapidly for the twen-
ty-eighth annual conclavc Of Kap-
pa Alpha Psi which convenes here
December n and continues through
December 30.
Louis c. Blount. vice-president
and secretary OF Great Lakes Mu-
tual Insurance company. 10 pole
march OF the Alumni chapter. Sim
clair Billups 10 polemarch OF AL
pha Beta chapter. Supporting Mr..
Blount and Mr.. Billups are the
members OF the fraternity who are
DESTROYS OF making the Detroit
conclave the greatest In the history
OF the fraternity.
The program as prepared for
the conclave Is as follows:
Tuesday. December 9th. $3.50 q.
m.-Radio address. grand pole
march. T. Mann; $50 a. m.-Reg-
istrstion al the Brewster Center;
1906 a. m.--Meeting OF Grand
conclaye OF the Kappa Alpha Psi
fraternity: 500 p. m.-Puhlic
meeting OF Kappa Alpha Psi and
Alpha Kappa, at the Art Institute:
1880 .. m.--Joint dance (formal)
given by the Kappa Alpha Psi and
Alpha Kappa Alphas, at the Ar
cadia ballroom.
Wednesday. December 2sth. $3.50
a. m.-Regular business session !;
1900 noon--Guest OF the Booker
T. Washington MONDAY Luncheon
club; 1000 .. m.-Dance by the
Omega Phi Psi (formal) at the
Mayfair ballroom.
Thursday. December 2sth, $3.50
a. m.-Regular business session.
1900 Memorial exercise: 100 to
900 p. m.-Luncheon by the Sig
! ma Gamma Rho: 500 .. m.-Bridge
party by the Silhouettes. for Wis.,
ting wives and friends OF the bro
theirs, 500 p. m.-Banquet, at the
Lucy Thurman branch Y. W. c. A.
500 TO 1000 p. m.--Cocktail party.
by the Iota Phi Lambda sorority,
at the Nacirema club; 1900 p. m.
Dance by the Delta Sigma Theta,
at the Graystone ballroom.
Friday, December soth. $3.50 q
m.--Regular business session:
1900 noon-Photograph OF the
Convention: 800 p. m.-Tea, by the
Silhouettes: 1900 .. m.-Grand
prom at the Mayfair ballroom.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1938-12-10
White Urges Council To Broaden
Fight To Include All Minorities

NEW YORK-Accepting member
ship on a committee OF Fifty Re
preventative Americans" who are
forming a provisional council IN
iais country to stem the tide Of
Semltism here, Walter White
executive secretary 0. the National
Association for the Advancement,
81 Colored People, urged the CON-
ris;,ee no. 10 limit itself 10 anti
Semitlsm, but 10 Aght bigo,ry
aesins, ali racial mlnor!,ies"
White made the suggestion IN a
telegram. copies OF which were sent
% senator-elect Warren W. Bar
hour % New Jersey; George Cor
don Battle, OF New York: and Will
lam Allen white. famed editor OF
me Enporia, Kansas, Gazette. three
o. the leading members OF the
council
At4AS 'Et = bNl4A4- AOOftl q :
ton IA the fight TO realize full citi-
zenship .or the Negro q america
George Gordon Battle sent the fol-
owing reply % White telegram
il a letter made public last week /:
As YOU may know | am in full
sympathy with those movements
which aim IN securing the fullest
Justice for the Negro people. here
"a The United States. but the pre-
sent wave Of anti-Semitism consti-
,stes new ard specific threat and
ss such, ne sponsors 81 the coun-
81. feel that {. ough, 20 DC sigorous-
IS comba''ed.
We will Of course. cooperate
gladly w'h ether organizations