davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-12-30
10000 MILES OF TELEPHONE CIR
Cults FORM j. S. RADIO HIGHWAY
Program Transmission Service Is "Life-Stream" y
Networks, Says Radio Neus Magazine

actor speaks in a New York studio.
The sound is picked up by micro
phones and carried through wires to
a nearby room where the broadcasting
company's engineer puts the final
wrappings on the package by adjust
ing the volume of the electrical sound
waves before he delivers the studios
production to the telephone company.
Under the streets of the city the
electrical sound waves pass through
telephone cables to the long distance
building where the general control
office serves all the major networks.
This office, which receives complete
daily schedules from the broadeasting
companies and relays them to a dozen
control centers throughout the coun-
try, proceeds to deliver the program
according to the orders it has received.
With split-second accuracy the pro-
grams are switched according to
schedule and travel along the wires
to broadcasting stations in New Eng
land, Canada, the west and the south,
at a speed of from 10000 to 10000
miles per second. At the control
boards in the switching centers in
New York and elsewhere engineers
watch carefully the quality of trans
mission as the words or music flow
along the wires. Meanwhile other
technical men are on the alert for any
possible impairment of service and are
ready to switch to alternate routes al
ways held available for emergencies.
The job of these men and the appa-
ratus they control is to deliver the
radio program package without delay
or interruption, and without loss in
fidelity and tone.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-12-30

at Christmas, but he admits that
people most meticulous about their
obligations are more likely to keep
New Years promises.
ga good resolution" he says, ''be-
comes compromise solution to the
conscience conflict. The man who
makes one says to himself, I will
make resolution not to do this or
that which I should not during the
forthcoming year. Although it's not
the same as refraining from such
actions, it does have some value in
quieting the conscience's re-
proaches."
But DR.. Craze is more hopeful.
SIT is wise to make resolutions,
he says, "since the first step in
progress of any sort consists of for
mulating the plans"
For those without sins to expiate,
he suggests the following ideas:
"Pay a sincere compliment to
your wife or husband, your children
or neighbors.
Don't wait for death to tear the
selfishness from your eyes, after
which, in remorse, you heap extra
bouquets on the coffin.
Resolve now to pay at least three
sincere compliments every day in
1880" ]
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-12-30
"A NEW YEAR STORY

Gliding he didn't want a blind wife,"
she started. But Jack stopped
her.
''Start the New Year thinking of
what you have, not plying your
self. You have money to travel"
Surely. Money!" Molly agreed
disgustedly.
"More than ordinary good looks.
Education, l should Judge. A fair
amount of charm. / can't judge
that accurately, for you've kept it
shut off," His tone was so droll that
Molly had to laugh.
"WeH, you do paint rather
strong picture, Mr.. Pollyanna. You
have your fair share of charm and
good looks too" she responded, with
a provocative smile.
"Stop it, stop it," Jack pleaded in
mock alarm. "Turn it off, turn off
the charm. I'm too susceptible"
Gail right. Since you had the cour-
age to tackle the glummest girl on
board ship, maybe I'd better try
making myself agreeable" Molly
was still smiling, but there was a
look of determination on her face.
"Sure thing. Be a good sport.
Take life as it comes"
A trace of bitterness returned to
Molly's tone as she said: cts easy
for you to talk, with health and
good looks and everything to make
life easy"
Jack laughed. 'Lots you know
about it. They told me five months
ago 1 had six months to live. But
I'm showing them they're mistaken.
Aren't your eyes better?"
Molly looked at him in astonish-
ment: "You mean it, really? And
you so full of fun all the time? Oh,
my eyes, you say. Yes, they really
are better"
81 was sure of it. Well, I'm off
to see the mate. His wife wants
him to give up the sea and settle
down on land. The idea is driving
him nuts. So long, I'll be seeing
you. Good luck, and Happy New
Year!"
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-12-30
BUSINESS CHEER In AUTO
INDUSTRY

When the affairs of the country
went into tail-spin- 1887 the
automobile industry was one of the
first sufferers. The consequences
were effected in every branch of bus
mess and industry throughout the
country, including agriculture, min
ing, steel-and then on the down
grade to lunch-counters, service
stations, hotels, stores and shops.
The Automobile Manufactures
Association announces that factory
sales of passenger cars in November
rose above shipments made in the
same month of 1897. During the
first eleven months of 1888 factory
sales fell So per cent below last
years figures, and the slump reach
ed the enormous total of 2,241,371
cars.
General Motors sales of cars and
trucks were greater by several
thousand this November than for
November, 1897. The gain of sales
to dealers was significant as 159,-
573 sales were made last month as
compared with 92,890 for the pre-
vious month of October. At the
same time the company reported
sales to consumers in the United
States for November to be 131, 3S7
cars and trucks, which practically
doubled the sales volume of business
of the previous month of October.
For many months the whole coun-
try has been saying that 'if the
automobile business was only bet
ter that it would prove that the
depression is actually lifting. Now,
the figures are entirely satisfying.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-12-30

A nationwide express service"
Using 10000 miles of telephone wire
as sound highways, makes it possible
Tor your favorfte radio network pro-
gram to come to you with clock-like
regularity, wherever you happen to
be in the United States.
This program transmission service,
furnished by the Bell System has its
great junction and switching point in
the long distance telephone building
in New York. Forwarded over routes
radiating from this center, the pro-
gram from any studio in any of the
dozen basic broadcasting networks can
be faithfully reproduced by distant
stations in the chains covering the
country.
A radio program, rehearsed and
ready to go on the air, may be liken-
ed to a package which the broadcast
ing company wishes delivered to one
)r a number of affiliated stations. For
delivering these packages in perfect
condition to one or scores of stations,
The Bell System has built this twenty
million dollar express system, with
specially constructed circuits and
,mplifying apparatus, control points
md switching facilities.
These little known, behind the
scenes transmission facilities are the
ife stream of the broadcasting net
works, in the opinion of Alfred w.
Davis, writing in recent issue OF
2adio Neavs magazine. without these
'acilities," said Mr.. Davis, broadcast
ing chains or systems could not exist.
Our selection of programs would be
very definitely limited to the nearest
stations"
A symphony orchestra plays or an
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-12-30
It's Open Season
For Resolutions;
Made Yours Yet +?

CHICAGO.-It's again time for
New Years resolutions and psychol-
ogists have something to say about
it.
"Humbug," is the comment of DR..
Robert N McMurray, executive sec
rotary of the Chicago Psychological,
corporation.
"He's wrong" answers DR..
George w. Crane, noted psycholo-
gist with Northwestern university.
Although most scientists admit
the average resolution lives no long
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-12-30
WHY
Lightning Starts Fires in Build
ings and Trees.

Instead of lightning never strik.
ing twice in the same place, the
chief reason why it sets fire to things
IS precisely because it often does
strike, not twice, but many times in
succession. So K. B. McEachron,
lightning expert of the General Elec-
trio company, has discovered with
his 10000, 0O0-volt lightning genera
tor at Pittsfield, Mass.
Mere high voltage is not all there
is to lightning. The amperage also
is important, indicating the amount
of electric current. Recently Nc
Eachron succeeded in combining q
voltage of 5,OOO,O volts with cur
rent of $4,000 amperes. Electric
power in his flash was about $780,
900 kilowatts, discharging for a brief
instant about one-third the power OF
all the dynamos in the United States,
according to the Baltimore Sun.
Instead of flashing downward
from the sky or upward from the
earth, according to rival theories of
other experts. lightning is shown by
McEachron' photographs to shoot
both ways at once, the earth flash
and the sky flash sometimes meet
ing midway. Other photographs
show ightning's not uncommon hab-
it of making repeated strokes and
setting fires.
A single stroke seldom would pro-
duce enough heat for fire. 1t is
the strokes repeated several times
second which gradually build up
heat to ignite houses or trees.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-12-30
JANUARY WAS FOR JANUS, GOD
OF NEW ADVENTURES

The month of January bears its
name because Janus was the goo
of the opening year. He presided
over the undertaking of any new
adventure, and was a god known
only to the Romans. The Romans
adopted January as the first of the
year from the reign of their second
King, Numa Pompilius, who ruled
until 672 B. c.
Mot until the Eighteenth century
was January universally adopted as
the beginning of the year. England
took the step in 1852, and Sv eden in
1853, but other European countries
adopted this New Years day at an
earlier date; France in 1864, Hol-
land, Protestant Germany and Rus
STA in 100.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-12-30

Tax returns required by the Soc
ial Security Act should be sent to
the Collector of Internal Revenue
md not to the Social Security Board.
It is the Collector of Internal Rev
enue who mails out to Maryland
employers the form known as
SS-la After this form is filled out,
it should be returned to the Collec-
tors office at Baltimore, according to
Luther Becker, Manager of the Bal
tirnore field Office of the Social Sc
curity Board.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-12-30
THE OYSTER-THE TRUE SYM.
Boil OF GOOD Batting
The Oyster Institute of N. America.
DR.. Lewis Radcliffe. Director
Washington, d. c
The Oyster Industry

The oyster industry ranks second
dustries, being exceeded only by
the great salmon fisheries of our
Pacific northwest 1t gives employ
ment to about 10000 persons, scat
tered along our coast in hundreds
of fishing hamlets and towns. Many
of the employees work on farms
during the summer and supplement
such earnings by oystering or work
ing in the shocking plants during
the winter months. 1t Is obvious
therefore, that as the demand for
oysters increases and greater acre
age is brought under cultivation
many more persons will be employ
ed, considerable Number Of which
will find work during the entire
year. The investment in the oyste.
industry approximates $20,000,00U
and the annual harvest nets the oys
termen about $10,000,000. Former
ly when oysters were much more
abundant the returns to the water
men were as high as $14 100000.
In the fishery, the oysters are har
vested from the beds with scissor
like hand tongs or with dreges oper
ated from boats. The handles of the
tongs are worked scissors fashion
nipping the oysters off the bottom
where they fall into a basket-like
arrangement and are lifted aboard
= hl
small oysters and shells, and thu
boat filled with market oysters
Oysters are tonged in waters up tt
20 feet or more in depth.
Dredges are provided with stou
teeth the oysters being collected il
iron mesh bags. the larger one cap
able of holding from Is to 81
bushels. On the larger vessels as
many as four dredges may be il
Use, two each side of the boat, thu
larger vessels taking aboard a,
much as 5000 or 1000 bushels il
a day
At the packing houses the oysters
are prepared for shipment to con
Stunning centers either as market
shell stock, fresh shucked oyster
meats, packaged and frozen meats
or Theoretically sealed and process
ed as canned oysters.
Fresh oyster meats are packed IL
individual containers of tin, glass o.
paper of various sizes, the gallon
can being the most popular. The
;,, Il
surrounded by crushed ice. The
frozen oyster meats are packaged IL
one pound cartons or 12oz paper
cups, or other containers holding
specified number of oysters. The
great bulk of the oysters harvested
are marketed as shucked fresh oys
ter meats.
Market shell oysters are used
principally by hotels, restaurants
and other public eating places OF
for export. The individual oysters il
the shell are graded carefully ac.
cording to size and packed, usual!
in three bushel barrel for ship
ment to market.
During the height of the season
shocking plant is busy place
the larger plants employing from
$50 to 400 shuckers, who doftly
open the shell and remove the meat
without cuts Before packing in the
tins, the oysters are thorough.
washed in a blower which washes
out any debris, particles of shell
and etc. Every affort is made tt
keep the packaged meats as neal
80 degrees F. as possible so tina
the consumer may get fresh, tasty
produce with it's fine flavor and sea
tang unimpaired.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-12-30

er than a May
fly, they claim
this old Ameri-
can habit does
have merit. DR..
McMurray sees
no more logic in
using the first
day of January
for making reso-
lutions than in
the old southern
custom of shoot
ing off fireworks
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-12-30
Old Year Memories

Let forget the thing that vexed and tired us,
The worrying things that caused our souls to fret;
The hopes that, cherished long, still denied us
Let forget
Let forget the little sights that panied u.s.
The greater that ranke sometimes yet;
The pride with which lofty disdains us
Let us forget
Let forget brothers fault and falling
The yielding to temptation that beset
That perchance, though grief be unavailng
forget.
Bu blessings manifold past all deserving,
Kind words and helpful deeds, countless throng,
The fault o'ercome, the rectitude answering,
remember long.
Whatever things good and true and gracious,
Whateer O right has triumphed
What OF God of has rendered precious,
Let remember long.
So ponderng well the lessons 1t has taught us,
We tenderly may bid the year "Goodby",
Holding in memory the good 1t brought us,
Letting the evil die.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-12-30
WATCH NIGHT

On New Years eve midnight
masses and watchnight services are
held everywhere, while those less
inclined to religious observances
make the closing minutes of the
year an occasion for jollity.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-12-30
WIN Shooting Star Has Tan

The reason why shooting star
appears to have a tail trailing be-
hind is that an image remains in
our eyes for about one-sixteenth OF
a second, says Pearson's London
Weekly. Since the falling meteorite
(wrongly called shooting starry is
moving very quickly, it has COW
cred quite distance before that
one-sixteenth of a second has
passed; so there appears to be a
tail. 1t is the same phenomenon
that makes the spokes of whirling
wheel look solid; and it is also
the basis for the apparent con-
tinuous action on the cinema screen
on which sixteen pictures are
flashed every second.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-12-30
why Tor Of wheel Moves Faster

When you see motor-car at
speed, take a good look at the top
and bottom spokes of the wheels.
The top spokes will appear blurred
because they are moving fastest,
while the bottom spokes will be
much clearer because they are
moving much slower. The explana-
ton is that the part of the wheel
which touches the ground does not
move at all for a brief instant, other
wise it would slip and skid. The
top of the wheel moves that much
faster to compensate.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-12-30
HISTORY in THE MAKING AT
LIMA
]. E. Jones

Washington, D. c., Dec. 27-Pan-
American Conferences in the past
have been gradually drawing the 21
Republics closer and closer togeth-
er as leaders from the different ma
lions have convened on eight diff
ferent occasions to build their pro-
grams. Presidents of the United
States and Latin-American coun-
tries have appeared at these events
to deliver solemn addresses to the
effect that the Monroe Doctrine is
sacred, and must be upheld and re-
spected by all of the 81 nations.
Perhaps the results have been
cumulative. Be that as it may, it
is crystal clear that the necessity
for solidarity is more fully appreci-
ated today than ever before, and
the opening sessions showed far
more prospects of success than were
realized at Montevideo five years
ago.
The newspaper reporters at Lima
all agreed with the New York Times
staff correspondent that Cordell Hull
is 1.-THE undisputed hero of the Con-
ference"
He certainly has won the faith OF
his own countrymen, as the Gallup
poll, taken while the American del
egation was at sea enroute for Lima
rendered verdict by vote OF
S5%-only 20 voting in the mega
tive, that Mr.. Hull has dome good
job" as Secretary of State.
1t is heartening to all the Ameri-
cas- to realize that the Conference
has had no hesitancy about accept
ing Mr.. Hull as their leader. 1t il
no disparagement to anyone to say
that in previous years the Latin
Americas have carried on many OF
their functional affairs with "secret
evasions and mental reservatio
Some of them may still be doing il
that way-but there is every eason
to hope for the best of results.
In the course of series of adj
dresses at Harvard University ca. ly
this year, former President Ricardo
j. Alfaro of the Republic of Panama
described Pan-Americanism as mot
a thory or a dream" He sai id OuI
American nations were "the only
conglomeration of people where a
Pan movement has become a tang
ible international reality" Mr.. Hull
has set up four detectives as the
realities to be achieved by the Con-
| ference.
The Conference, he said. must
carry forward the work of building
AN enduring structure of peace, must
devote sincere effort to discovering
means of strengthening the founda-
tions of international law, must ex-
tend and make secure the basis OF
sound, healthy economic relations
among nations, must carry forward
the work of providing wider, strong
er foundations for international cul-
tural relations and better under
standing among nations. When these
| detectives are achieved the Secre-
tary of State would extend their
operations to embrace all countries
Under the foregoing program the
practices of some of the practices
of some of the most notorious Lat
in-American nations would be curb
ed by the honest majorities of FL
American Republics who, no doubt,
would join the United States in a
real and realized Pan-American.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-12-30

balance of trade heavily in favor Of
the United, States. There are increas-
es of from 39% to 6O%.. Govern
ment authorities believe that the
Great Britain treaty will make q
still better showing.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-12-30
NEW YEARS AT WHITE HOUSE

Since the White House was not
completed during our first Presi-
dents lifetime, the John Adamses
were the first presidential family to
occupy it. The first drawing room
or New Years reception was held
in the Presidents Palace" as it
was then referred to. on New Years
day, 1901.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-12-30

Reading Of rich mans strange
beQuests is Away depressing. 1t
seems 80 unfair that we got none
OF T.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-12-30

A politicians idea of fool is a
man who affiliates with the other
party.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-12-30

Unless a servant knows his place
he need not expect to keep il.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-12-30
Budget Making

This is budget making time in
Washington time when leaders in
the national administration talk
about holding down public expenses
The trouble is that plans of the
government for the coming year are
calling, for spending as heavy as
ever. 1t is futile to look for reduc-
tons in federal taxation.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-12-30
Eden Comes To Town

Breezy Anthony Eden was a per-
feet fit in the Worlds leading liberal
Capital City. He is as handsome as
Professor Tugwell, as snappy as Joe
Kennedy; as dexterous as Jimmie
Roosevelt in the Christmas season
Eden evidently is not "out" with
the British government, as it isn't
a test of patriotism to stand on your
own, instead of wearing political
collar in England. AS the exponent
of viewpoint of British opinion
Eden made a fine, favorable, and
fascinating impression upon the big
wigs of Washington-and what il
more important: with the news
paper correspondents, too!
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-12-30

Susan H. Commons.
Evening star., 1938-11-12
UNCLE RAYS CORNER
LIFE'S LIKE THAT
HEY
SHARPE"
MODERN MAIDENS

The other day spoke of the war
between brown rats and black rats.
The enmity of these rats was
brought out by little event in the
life of ap English rat catcher.
After his work was done for the
day the rat catcher took home a
cage almost filled with rats of both
colors. In the morning he meant
to give his dog practice in rat
catching by letting him chase them
one or two at time.
When morning came the rat
catcher looked at the cage and
blinked his eyes. All the black rats
were gone! The brown ones had
eaten them
1t has beA. estimated that Great
Britain has about 45,000,000 rats,
about one to each person on the
ISLAND. During the last 20 years the
British government has taken strong
measures to cut down the number Of
the pests. 1t had been found that
without government help in the
fight against them rats were grow
ing In number at an alarming rate
Evening star., 1938-11-12
A Little Saturday Talk

How fast the rat population may
grow is shown by tables. In two
years a single pair can become the
parents and grandparents Of more
than 5000 rats.
The number is kept down by lack
OF food and by attacks OF enemies.
Among the enemies are hawks, owls,
snakes, dogs and cats.
Rats usually are afraid to attack
people, but if they are cornered thev
may leap at persons face or throat.
At threshing time a farmers boy
was killing rats with a club. Just
as he was swinging the club one
of them leaped at him, and he was
saved from harm only because he
changed the direction of the blow
and hit the rat in midair.
BATS. destroy vast amounts of
wheat and other grain each year.
That is reason for the farmer to
keep his grain in bins which rats
cannot enter. The yearly money loss
from rats in the United States and
Canada is believed to be a little
more than 5000 1000, 900.
Evening star., 1938-11-12

West opened the nine of dia-
monds and Mr.. Crawford managed
to conceal the distaste he felt for
his partners hand. OF course. ne
realized that he could Immediately
discard two of his hearts, but this
would not be enough. However,
dummys fourth diamond would
furnish a third discard provided his
opponents would be kind enough to
refrain from cashing their two top
hearts.
Mr.. Crawford thought all this out
very quickly and, having done 50,
won the diamond lead with the ace.
laid down the ace of spades and
followed with the 10-spot. West
won with the king and now made
the mistake of leading a second
diamond, whereupon Mr.. Crawford
drew East's last trump, took his
three discards and made the hand.
We feel that a very alert player in
the West position might have
realized that there was something
rotten in Denmark" and led q heart
even though he held king and one.
But the player in question did not.