davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1938-12-27
President Discusses
Problems Of District
Budget With Collins
Particular Items
Gone Over at PurIey
Are Not Revealed

President Roosevelt today indicated
his intense interest in the Districts
budget problems by calling to the
White House for conference Chair
man Collins of the House Subcom-
mittee on Appropriations, which
writes the annual District supply
bill.
Representative Collins was closeted
with the President for Is or 20
minutes and is said to have dis
cussed with him various items in the
1910 budget, which has not yet been
transmitted to Congress.
The particular items in which Mr..
Roosevelt was concerned were not
disclosed either at the White House
or by Mr.. Collins.
"All I can say is that the President
and I discussed items in the 1910
budget and what he would like to
do for the District" Mr.. Collins de-
clared after leaving the White
House. The President also in
quired about my plans for begin
ming hearings on the budget"
Reports were current that the
President was interested chiefly in
the District relief situation, but Mr.
Collins insisted no mention was
made of this problem or the COM
prehensive report submitted to him
last week containing the recon-
mendations of Burdette Lewis, ma
tionally known social worker, who
made an exhaustive investigation
during the summer of public assist
ance administration in the District
Representative Collins plans to
make the first part of Mr.. Lewis
report public later in the week, but
until that time, he pointed out, Mr.
Lewis recommendations will con-
tinue to be draped in secrecy.
The 1910 budget as drafted by
the Commissioners called for ap-
preparations totaling about O,00O,- :
600. Just how much the Budget
Bureau has trimmed from that fig
ure has not yet been disclosed.
According to present arrange
ments, the House Subcommittee on
District Appropriations will not
begin hearings on the new budget
until early in March.
Evening star., 1938-12-27
Loyoists Consider
Capital Shift Aqoin

HENDAYE, France, Dec. q Op).-
The Spanish government was re-
ported in advices reaching the bor-
der today to be considering transfer
of its capital from Barcelona to the
south to escape the threat of the
insurgent general offensive into
Catalonia.
These reports, coming from the
government zone but not confirmed
officially, mentioned Cartagena, VAL
encia and Albacete, in the southern
section of Government Spain, as
possible sites for the new seat of
government, which already has been
transferred twice during the civil
war.
The capital previously had been
shifted from Madrid to Valencia
and from Valencia to Barcelona. A
new move was considered certain if
the insurgent advance-which in
Surgents said had given them 230
square miles of government territory
thus far-approached Barcelona.
Rebels Drive Slowly Eastward.
Powerful insurgent fighting COL
umns, badgered everywhere by fierce
Catalonian counter attacks, forged
their way slowly eastward over rug
ged territory toward the heart Of the
Evening star., 1938-12-27
By tie Associated Press,

BY tfe Associated Press.
ZARAGOZA, Spain, Dec. 27.-The
insurgent command declared today
that its thrust into Catalonia
scored new gains both north and
south Of Lerida, from where the
drive is headed toward Barcelona
the government capital, and the
sea.
The insurgents announced capture
OF Cap de Sierra, which is north
of Lerida and considered a strategic
government stronghold, especially
important for communications. It
also is an electric power center.
To the south insurgent cavalry
Joined the advance. now in its fifth
day, mopped up areas between the
old insurgent front and, the river
Ebro and arrived at the outskirts
Of Ribarroja, Is miles southwest of
Lerdia. In this operation several
hundred government prisoners were
reported taken.
Insurgent headquarters asserted
that more than $500 prisoners were
taken yesterday.
Insurgent troops took formal DOS
session Of Aspa, 10 miles south
southeast of Lerida, although CAP
ture OF the town has previously been
announced. From Aspa the insur-
gents said their advance eastward
continued.
Evening star., 1938-12-27
BY THOMAS r. HENRY,
Star Stad Correspondent.

RICHMOND, Va, Dec. 27.-A new,
strange madness into which rats are
driven by a mechanical guilt COM
plex" in the form of a roaring
blast of compressed air was de-
scribed to psychologists of the
American Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science here today by
DR.. Norman r. F. Maier of the
University Of Michigan.
Placed in an environment which
duplicates closely, in some respects,
that Of civilized man in the modern
world, where many of the old-time
certainties Of existence seem now
to be illusory, DR.. Maier's rats run
wildly in circles, fall to the floor
with violent convulsive movements
and then lapse into deep uncon.
sciousness. And henceforth they re-
main creatures set apart from their
Evening star., 1938-12-27
Naval Physicist
Revises Theory Of
Worlds Beginning
Dr.. Gum Holds Interior
Energy Of Nova Shot
Planet Into Space

Evidence, both mathematical and
observational, for an entirely new
theory OF the creation Of the solar
system. was presented to the Amer
ican Physical Society at its annual
winter meeting at the Bureau OF
Standards here today by DR.. Ross
Gum, physicist of the Naval Re-
search Laboratory.
At the same time Dr. Gum went
far towards explaining the most
remarkable of all celestial phe-
nomena-the super-exploding stars
which are the brightest objects in
all creation and for a glimpse of
which astronomers are now turning
their most powerful telescopes on
the far-fung island universes mil
lions Of light years distant In space
By analogy with q recent event
he showed that the sun itself may
have once been an exploding star
for which reason man is on earth
today.
Nova Pictoris Appears.
A few years ago an Insignificant
dwarf star in the Southern Hemis-
phere suddenly hared up until it was
$4,000 times brighter than the sun.
Thus it became what Is known
to astronomers as nova" one of
which appears somewhere in the
sky every few years. The Star of
Bethlehem probably was one of
them. After a few months this star,
nova pictoris. began to decline in
brightness, or energy radiation, un-
til 1t was back to about what 1t was
before.
There must have been a terrific
explosion of some sort. But there is
another sort of star explosion COM
pared to which such an outburst as
that of nova pictoris can be consid-
cred relatively as hardly the flicker
Of a candle compared to an arc
lamp. Such stars, so-called super
novae, radiate for a brief time mil
lions of times more energy than the
sun. There have been only two OF
three such blasts in the Milky Way
galaxy in the time of man.
Breaks Into Three Parts.
Nova pictoris, being relatively
close, has been watched by astrono-
mers ever since its f1are-up. Now il
is seen to consist of three parts
where there was only one before
one about four -fifths as large as the
sun, and each of the two others less
than third as large. The smaller
masses are flying away from the
larger at speeds approaching soc
miles second and now are several
light years distant.
Now, DR.. Gum told the physicists
today, an enormous amount OF
energy was necessary to break ul
the original star and keep the frag-
ments moving like gigantic cannon
balls at such terrific speed through
space. He calculates that 1t has re-
quired approximately 10000 ,OOO, ,OOO,-
000, 900 ,000, 900, ,000, 900 900, 900, 900, OOC
ergs OF energy second for nearly
four years that the phenomenon has
(see SOLAR SYSTEM, Page A-3J
Evening star., 1938-12-27
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
LIMA. Peru, Dec. 27.-Delegates
OF the American Republics today
affixed their signatures to the 100
resolutions and declarations adopted
by the Pan-American Conference at
the closing ceremonies Of the eighth
meeting.
First to sign the documents, the
most important of which was the
declaration Of continental solidarity
for defense against aggression, was
Narciso Garay of Panama.
In four languages-French, Eng
lish, Portuguese and Spanish-the
acts were designed to link Ameri-
can republics closer in mutual de-
fense, facilitate their communica-
tions and improve their cultural re-
lations.
Foreign Minister Carlos Concha
Of Peru, as president Of the confer
ence, is to speak at the final session
at 6 pm. E. S. T.
A farewell dinner given by Presi-
dent Oscar Benavides will follow
with Secretary of State CordeI Hull
making brief reply to a speech by
the Peruvian executive.
Many delegates will go from the
official dinner to Callao to board
the liner Santa Maria which sails
the following day for New York.
The United States No. 2 delegate,
ALT M. Landon, Republican presi-
dental candidate in 1896. already is
on his way by plane back to the
United States followed by warm
commendation from Secretary Hull.
In a formal statement MI. Hull
said Mr.. Landon rendered great
service to his country and the West
ern Hemisphere" at the Lima meet
ing, adding that no member Of the
conference exhibited greater breadth
OF view or stood for more construc-
tive ideas or advocated them quite
so effectively than did Gov. Lam
don
Evening star., 1938-12-27
Mrs. Roosevelt
Hits Military
Toys osGifts

Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt
today termed "unwise and un-
fortunate" the sale of military
toys for children's Christmas
presents.
After hearing member of
her press conference describe
toys which featured soldiers
throwing hand-grenades. being
borne on stretchers and lined
up behind machine guns, she
declared she would have made
broader statement opposing
military toys had she known
about them before Christmas.
She predicted the sale of
such toys would result in pub
lie opposition to all toy soldiers.
Evening star., 1938-12-27
By the Associated Press.


Secretary Of Commerce Hopkins.
1t was learned today, is considering
a Nationwide drive to put millions
OF unemployed men and women
back to work in private industry.
The man who formerly directed
the Governments vast work relief
program has discussed the DOS
sibilities of such campaign with
business leaders here and in New
York.
The drive, according to reports in
both business and Government cir
cles, would be carried on by the
Commerce Department in conjunc-
ton with the Business Advisory
Council and probably other business
organizations.
Reaching into every city and
town, it would be aimed at getting
employers to cooperate in giving
Evening star., 1938-12-27
Conditions Analogous to Man. S
Brings Strange Madness in Rats
Psychologist Tells How Animals Break Down
When Accustomed Certointies Fail

fellows-marked eccentrics Of rat
dom.
In previous experiments dogs,
sheep and pigs have been driven
into behavior Observation-Disclosures
to some of the neuropsychiatric
conditions found in human beings,
when forced to make finer and finer
determinations between acts lead
ing to reward and punishment. The
classic experiments in this line were
carried out nearly 20 years ago by
the Russian physiologist, Pavlov,
discoverer of conditioning" which
is the basic concept in behavioristic
psychology and has become one Of
the most powerful tools in educa-
ton.
Pavlov's dogs were taught to ex-
pect painful electric shock when
a certain tone was sounded. while
another and quite distinct tone was
(See SCIENCE, Page A-3.)
Evening star., 1938-12-27
Diibouti Is Guarded
To Bar Demonstrations

DJIBOUTI. French Somaliland,
Dec. q (Fp.-French troops patrolled
this sun -blistered Red Sea port to-
day to guard against native dem
onstrations against Italian firms
and residents.
Officials expressed fears that new
demonstrations might follow Incl
dents which occurred last week in
front of the Offices of Ala Littoria,
the italian airline. There natives,
ostensibly provoked by rumors that
Italian troops were about to occupy
Djibouti, the rail outlet for Italian
Ethiopia caused the Italian flag to
be hauled down from over the air
lines building
Evening star., 1938-12-27
Child Taken by New
Friends Is Hunted
BY the Associated Press.

by CIlt ASSUCIHCtu FI6SS.
SAN FRANCISCO, Dec. 27.-Po-
lice searched today for 2-year-old
Patricia Brady, who was taken from
her home Christmas Day by some
new-found acquaintances.
MIR. and Mrs. James Brady told
police couple they had met re-
Gently made a Christmas call and
asked permission to take blue-eyed,
curly-haired Patricia to buy her q
present.
Brady is a w. P. A. worker.
Evening star., 1938-12-27
Ex-RuiI Executive Dies

ROCHESTER, N. Y, Dec. q CP.-
Funeral services will be conducted
tomorrow for Arthur c. Durfee,
68, former treasurer of the Buffalo,
Rochester & Pittsburgh Railway
and since the merger of that road
into the B. g. o. system assistant
treasurer of the B. & 0. until last
March, when he was retired.
He advanced from office boy in
the B., r. & p. to the treasurer
ship. Mr.. Durfee died Christmas
Eve at his home here after a years
illness.
Evening star., 1938-12-27
Lima PorIey Termed
Democrocy's Victory

PARIS, Dec. 27 R.-The French
press unanimously hailed the Pan
American Conference at Lima, Peru,
today as victory for democracy"
La Journee Industrielle, which re-
fleets the interests of big business
and industry, called the Lima dec
laration of solidarity a triumph of
the democratic idea"
"A new League Of Nations is born
in America" the newspaper said.
The Rightist newspaper LIE Petit
Journal expressed the hope the con-
ference would lead the United States
to state Clearly and firmly" that
Evening star., 1938-12-27
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
President Roosevelt was reported
authoritatively today to have de-
cided on a double -barreled recon-
mendation to Congress for national
defense reinforcements Of unpre-
cedented peace time magnitude.
Persons close to the administra-
ton said the Chief Executive in
tended to report, in the annual
message he will deliver personally
to joint Senate House session on
January 4, that the security of the
nation and its neighbors was threat
ened by the armed might of aggres-
sive dictator states.
A week later, under present ar
rangements, special message will
present detailed recommendations
for an Army air force Of some 10,-
900 planes and numerous other
measures.
Thus, the administration contem-
plates a quadrupled military air
fleet of at least $4,000 aircraft,
including the minimum of 5000
Congress authorized for the Navy
in this years billion dollar fleet ex-
pansion act.
Program Brings Surprise.
The magnitude of the air pro-
gram has caused surprise here, es-
pecially in view of the fact some
high Army officers were advocating
at least up to recently, a compare
lively small air force of high
quality.
Early in October, Maj. Gen. Henry
H. Arnold, new chief OF the Army
Air Corps. declared the country
didn't need great many more mil
itary airplanes. but needed faster
ones. Under the development pro-
gram being carried on at that time,
the Army was to have 1890 craft
by 1910. Gen. Arnold, in an inter-
view, called this "a very good fig
ure as things now stand"
These remarks were made about
the time OF the signing of the
Munich four-power accord. Whether
implications Of that accord and the
post Munich events abroad have
now changed Gen. Arnold's mind Is
not known.
There have been reports that some
other high officers of the Army
could not see eye to eye with the
administration on defense plans.
There were denied 10 days ago by
Gen. Malin Craig, chief of staff
who said:
The administration and the War
Department have been working in
intimate accord on program re-
garding which absolutely no decision
has yet been finally made"
Shortly before that a retired off,
Ger. Maj. Gen. George Van Horn
Moseley. had told the New York
Board Of Trade that fear and hys-
terra" were being engendered in
support of heavy expenditures for
national defense.
German Threat Feared.
Supporting the Presidents forth
coming proposals, congressional cir
NACS AAofC 1lCdlO, WILL Uc SI6I tllIlS
evidence" that Germany's aerial
force and aircraft factories, geared
to war demands, threaten to upset
completely the world balance OF
military and political power.
From usually well-lnformed ad-
ministration and legislative sources
come reports of these developments
Details of the new rearmament
program are complete. They were
shaped in close cooperation with
Gen. Craig and other military ad-
visers since Europes uneasy peace
agreement was reached at Munich
War and Navy Department budgets
already have been approved.
Convinced that American air pow
er must be quickly augmented, Mr.
Roosevelt has been unmoved by ar
guments of some congressional crit
les that the United States, protected
/Coo nEEEN0E Dooo Al
Evening star., 1938-12-27
ey the Associated Press,

Gy tne Associated preSS.
PARIS, Dec. 27.-Dispatches from
North Africa today reported that
Italy was massing troops on the
frontiers of French Somaliland.
French colonial officials expressed
tears that this might be the start
Of a campaign to threaten Djibouti,
French Somaliland port of the Red
Sea, which is the only rail outlet
tor Italy's Ethiopian Empire.
Travellers reaching Egypt from
Ojibouti, said dispatches to the
French press, reported that the gov
ernor of Djibouti had demanded and
obtained troops and naval rein
forcements from France.
Foreign Office Silent.
Foreign Office officials said they
were unable to confirm or deny these
reports. Previously the political
commentator Pertinax had published
reports that seasoned italian troops
had replaced native levies in that
part of Ethiopia bordering on French
Somaliland.
The fears for Djibouti were re-
ported to have inspired a plan to
show Premier Mussolini what for
midable forces France can muster
in Tunsia, bordering on his own
Libya.
Premier Daladier's inspection trip
to Tunisia, French protectorate, next
month is to be made the occasion
for an impressive display of Frances
, fast motorized forces there, in
formed persons said.
Direct messages from Djibouti said
strict measures to maintain order
had been taken in the Red Sea
port.
Egypt Hears of Troop Moves.
From Cairo came reports that the
Egyptian government was informed
that important italian troop move
ments had occurred in the southern
part of Libya and particularly in
the region of the Doufra Uweinat
oasis, on the Libyan-Egyptian
frontier.
This region is in dispute and dip
1omatic negotiations now in prog
ress are expected to result in it's
being awarded shortly either to
Egypt or Italy. Egyptian officials
therefore interpreted the reported
concentrations as an effort to put
pressure on them as well as on the
French in Djibouti.
Dispatches published by the Left
ist newspaper Ce Soir said the Ital-
lans in Ethiopia were moving toward
French Somaliland and that 500
Fascist troops had taken up posts
where they were alleged to be in
French territory.
Djibouti Seizure Declared Near.
These dispatches said Italian
loudspeakers installed along the
French-owned railway from Adds
Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, to
Djibouti announced several times
daily that the taking of Djibouti is
only a question of time" and that
"the French will be thrown back
Into the sea-"
Military sources said the projected
display of armed force in Tunisia
next month should serve to remind
Mussolini that if he threatens
Djibouti he must also remember the
necessity of defending Tripoh,
Libyas capital.
A large part Of the French
Mediterranean fleet is scheduled to
greet the premier with thunderous
salutes when he goes to Corsica,
French Mediterranean Island de-
partment, and Tunisia.
Italians started agitating for
Tunisia, Corsica, Nice and Savoy
November 80. Yesterday France
told Italy she accepted an Italian
note denouncing an Italian French
accord Of 1885 regarding Italian
rights in Tunisia, but that the ac-
cord must remain the basis for
-
Evening star., 1938-12-27
Huge Defense
|PIan fastened
By President
Expected to Ask
Congress for 1900
Planes for Army
BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND
Conpiction is groDing that tu-
ture ,oars 1Dill be decided largely
by supremacy in the air, tnith de-
structton of cities and terrorizing
of ctDilian populations being an
objective OF s1Ditt raids. Thus,
1Dhile nations more deliberately
set about building napal Uessels
and enlarging their armies, more
urgent attention is being paid to
rushing completion of great fleets
OF planes.
Evening star., 1938-12-27
Tunnel Collapse Kills 80

TOXIC, Dec. q P)-Thirty-uine
workmen were killed today in the
collapse of a railway tunnel in Ket-
sho Hokudo Province, Southeastern
Korea.
Evening star., 1938-12-27
Lima Delegations
Put Signatures
To Their 130 Atts
Concho ond Hull to
Speak Tonight
At Conclusion
BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND
Eighth International Confer
ence OF American States con-
uened December 9 at Lima, Peru,
and centered its efforts upon
uniting the republics of the West
ern Hemisphere for defense
against feared aggression from
overseas. Besides declaration
OF solidarity, the conference also
approved a declaration of prin-
ctples ,Ohich tollo,Ded closely Sec
retdry OF State Hull's "credo" of
July, 1887.
Evening star., 1938-12-27
Italy Reported
Massing Troops
Near Sonla|i|an
French Officials
Fear Threat
To Djibouti
BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND
France and Italy haze long
been at odds over African terri
tories. Treaty in 1885 1DaS thought
to haze settled outstanding ques-
tionS, but November 80 Italians
began agitation for French -owned
TuniSia, Corsica, Nice and Savoy
1Dhtch evoked strong protest
from France and British as
Surances of support for Frances
position in Africa.
Evening star., 1938-12-27
Summary Of Todoy's Star

Work starts today on new Potomac
span at Morgantown. Page B-1
One killed, four seriously hurt in
holiday crashes. Page B-1
Evening star., 1938-12-27
Insurgents Claim
New Gains Made
In lerida Sector
More Than $500 Token
Prisoner Yesterday,
They Report
BACKGROUND

Gen. Francisco Franco has
failed to conquer all Of Spain
during t1Do and half years of
ciuil ,oar, and in spite OF cast
quantities OF Uar materials and
men sent by Germany and Italy.
Big offensive Was planned to be-
gin early this month, but details
OF preparations ,Dere repealed to
Loyalsts by big spy ring, noD OBJ
5ect of insurgent search.
Evening star., 1938-12-27

Page. Page.
Amusements BIG Obituary --- AS
Editorials - AS Short Story b.
Financial Alb Society - B-3
Lost & Sports sA-10-11-12
Found Biz W'man's Pg. Bill
Foreign.
Lima delegations put signatures to
their 100 acts. Page Al
Franco forces slowly battle way
eastward. Page Al
France plans big display of African
power. Page Al
Italy reported massing troops near
Somaliland. Page Al
Italy is reported preparing to attack
Djibouti. Page Al
Chang denies Wang to talk peace
in Hong Kong. Page A
Emile Vandervelde, veteran Belgian
Socialist, dies. Page AS
National.
President expected to ask $4,000
planes for defense. Page Al
Hopkins plans new drive to get
jobs Page Al
Bipartisan bloc to sponsor new
farm program. Page AS
Hull peace principles embodied in
Lima declaration. Page Al
Washington and Vicinity.
Mercury expected to drop to 20 here
tonight. Page Al
Bandits accused of slashing Vienna
druggist captured. Page Al
Violent deaths toll for 3-day holi-
day exceeds 500. Page AT
Evening star., 1938-12-27

(See LIMA, Page A-4)
Evening star., 1938-12-27

(See DEFENSE, Page A-4.)
Evening star., 1938-12-27

(See SPAIN, Pag A-4o
Evening star., 1938-12-27

(See ROBBERY, Page AS.
Evening star., 1938-12-27

tSee SCIENCE, Page A-30
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-12-07
DOG RESCUED BY
 PRIVATE EMMONS

Trapped behind a partition after falling through from the att tic to the second floor, a dos owned by Raymond Gruber, of 1940 Thomaston avenue was res- cued this morning by Private Peter Emmons of the Waterville engine company.
 Though wedged head first be- tween the outside and inside walls. for an hour and a half the animal was not seriously injured, and scampered joyously about after being released from his prison.
 The dog, at about 8:30 this morning, found the door leading to the attic open and went up. While playing in the attic, he fell down between roof struts, into the partition. He fell about 10 feet, the fall ending at the floor ing of the second floor. Trapped and wedged between the walls, the dog whined piteously. Efforts to pull him back up to the attic proved fruitless and the fire de- partment was called.
 Lieut.. John Dooley of the Wa terville company sent Private Emmons to the scene. The fire man cut away a portion of the plaster on the second floor and lifted out the dog.