davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1938-12-29

date, he said, seem to be in the
same class with those of the Amer
lean designers.
AS commercial proposition,
however, DR.. Durand expressed
grave doubts as to the feasibility
OF flights from New York to the
European continent. The cost of
such ship would be approximately
$l,5O0,000. The cost of running them
would range from $108 to $337 per
hour, with a minimum of about
$1.62 mile. He predicted, however,
that the much shorter flights from
Newfoundland to Ireland, or clear
across the Atlantic with stops at
Bermuda and the Azores, may soon
be commercially feasible. With
small loadings these now are al
most matters of routine.
Why Gamblers Can't Win.
One reason why gamblers can't
win, why some new-fangled ways in
education are hay-wire, and why
card-guessing experiments lead to
false conclusions was explained to
psychologists here today by DR..
Louis D. Goodfellow of Northwest
ern University.
BY the laws of mathematics, when
there are two equal possibilities, one
| will come to pass In the long run
exactly as Otter as the other. For
example, heads and tails will show
up equally often in a thousand
tosses of the coin. But the prob
| ability that a person will call heads
and tails equally often, DR.. Good
fellow has found in an extensive
experiment, is not $3.50. On the
first toss the probability that one
will call heads" is about IS to Is.
On the second toss the chances for
heads or tails are still exactly even,
but the chances that a person will
call heads are 81 to 43. On the
third toss the chances that one
will call tails" are 56 to A, al
though the mathematical chance is
still $3.50.
This is because, DR.. Goodfellow
believes, certain almost universal
patterns have been built up in the
mind. The brain simply will not
work mathematically. The expert
ment, he pointed out, has some very
practical implications.
| True-FalSe Tests Bad.
During the past generation there
has grown up In American schools
the almost universal practice Of
giving "true-false" examinations
They are much easier for a teacher
to mark and supposedly absolutely
fair because such factors as spelling
and handwriting, which might in
f1uence marks, are entirely elm
mated. A pupil simply makes q
mark indicating whether a specific
statement is true or false.
According to the mathematical
theory, If one knows nothing about
the question he is just as likely to
make one choice as the other, hence
has exactly a $3.50 chance to be
right, and hence the results Of luck
will be eliminated in any long series
Of questions.
DR.. 0oodfellov found by actual
Evening star., 1938-12-29

mental research to find out how the
force operates, DR.. Gregory Brett
said two important conclusions had
been reached:
l. That protons, the so-called
building blocks of all substances in
the universe, attract each other with
an energy equal to II 100000 electron
volts.
2. That this force becomes oper-
ative only when two protons are
only one-tenth Of millionth of a
millionth Of an inch apart.
Discovered in 1894.
Although existence of the force
was discovered in 1884 and an
nounced by Carnegie Institute scien-
lists here two years ago, both the
power of attraction and the range
OF the force had only been estimated
before the Wisconsin experiments
were made.
Scientists described the new meas
Evening star., 1938-12-29
Key Witness Sought
In Coster Case
Identified
Man Now Decd Claimed
Musicu SwindIed
Him Of $4,000
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK. Dec. 29.-A sup
posed "key witness" in the investi-
cation of the tangled trickery of
the late F. Donald Coster- -Musica
was identified today as a man, now
dead, who two years ago claimed he
was swindled out Of $4,000 by
Coster -Musica, suicide head of Nc
Kesson & Robbins drug firm.
The man was A. j. Vitale, Brook
lyn insurance broker. The story
came from Walter H. Cragg, a dis
barred attorney and one of three
persons accused of Systematically
blackmailing Coster Musica by
threatening to expose his criminal
past.
Cragg told Michael F. Longho, his
lawyer, that in 1928 Philip Musica
professed to be in great need of
money and called on Vitale. Musica
he said, gave Vitale his notes for
$4,000, which Vitale discounted in
a Brooklyn bank, giving Coster-
Musica the proceeds. Mr.. Longho
quoted Cragg as saying Coster-
Musica then disappeared and Vitale
had to make good the face value OF
the notes, plus interest.
Mr.. Longho said Cragg was en-
gagged by Vitale to trace the man.
Cragg reported, after an investiga-
tion, that Musica was F. Donald
Coster. Meanwhile Vitale had lost
practically all he owned through his
Endorsement of the notes.
Mr.. Longho related that a sum-
mons and complaint was served on
Coster. who settled with Vitale for
less than the full amount. Mr..
Longho said Cragg acted solely as a
Evening star., 1938-12-29

tracer and process server and used
no threats whatever.
Held with Cragg were Joseph
Brandino and his sister Mary. The
woman's bail was $1,000, Cragg's and
Brandino's $500 each. The three
were arraigned yesterday on charges
Of violating section of the 1894
Lindbergh Law which makes extor.
ton in interstate commerce by
means Of threats to person or rep
utation punishable by a maximum
OF 20 years Imprisonment and a
5000 fine.
At Fairfield, Conn, the Fairfield
Free Heart Clinic, founded three
s1ears ago by Coster- and Mrs.
Coster, closed its doors today due to
lack Of funds.
pr. Marcus Backer said the clinic
would remain closed unless the
annual budget of $2,50O on which
the clinic functions is forthcoming.
The clinic was not endowed by
its sponsors. but was financed on
an annual basis. DR.. Backer said
Mrs. Coster has definitely stated
she will be unable to aid the organ
ization further.
Further arrests in the Federal in
vestigation into the swindling career
OF Coster-Musica were predicted In
New York today by Assistant United
States Attorney General Brien Nc
Mahon.
Mr.. Mcmahon said the arrests
on charges which he refused to dis
close-probably would come soon.
Two men and woman accused Of
blackmailing Coster Musica by
threatening to expose him as a for
mer convict were arraigned late yes
terday under a law that makes
extortion in interstate commerce
by means of threats to person or
reputation punishable with a max
imum of 20 years imprisonment and
a 5000 fine.
The prisoners, Walter H. Cragg, a
disbarred attorney, and Joseph
Brandino and his sister Mary, orig
inally had been charged only with
mail fraud, for which the maximum
penalty is five years in prison.
United States District Attorney
Irving R. kaufman said that the
three prisoners over a period of
years had mulcted the drug corpora
tions head "of large sums of money"
Evening star., 1938-12-29

urements as being of profound i'm
portance to the whole science of
physics in the search to discover
the secrets of what constitutes the
elements that make up the universe.
Stronger Than Gravitation.
Some physicists have speculated
that eventually through an under
standing of the force they may be
able to harness new sources of power
for mans use. It is this force at
work in the sun, transmitting hydro
gen into helium and releasing heat
energy in the process, which is ac-
counted responsible for the fact that
the sun shines on century after CEN
tury without burning out.
The new force-physicists have not
agreed so far on a name for its
somewhat like the force of gravita-
ton, except that it is tremendously
stronger.
Evening star., 1938-12-29

by DR.. Ludwig G. Browman of the
University of Montana.
This was demonstrated by the
rather gruesome procedure of re-
moving the eyes of rats the day they
were born. Then DR.. Browman
reared them for about three months
some in complete darkness, some
in continuous light. and some with
the normal variation of light and
darkness. In every instance, he
found, they weighed considerably
less than their normal litter mates
of the same age.
This is only true, it was shown in
further experiments, when the eyes
are removed during the first 20 days
after birth. When they are removed
later the weight gains are the same
as those of normal animals. Re-
moval of one eye at any time makes
no difference in normal growth.
This removes, DR.. Browman said
the possibility that the failure to
grow normally may be due to some
injury to the brain, of which the
eyes are an outward extension.
The mystery is deepened by the
fact that the blinded rats eat just
as much as their seeing compan-
ions. DR.. Browman suggested the
probability of some substance syn
thesized in the eye by light during
the early days of life which acts
directly upon the pituitary gland in
the brain, causing it to secrete more
abundantly the growth regulating
hormone which is the chief control
ing factor in normal growth.
Manganese Paving"
Discovery of huge, miles-square
pavements of manganese on the
floor of the ocean was reported by
Charles Snowden Piggot of the
Carnegie Institution. Manganese is
widely used in the manufacture of
steel. Much of Americas manganese
is imported.
Why it should be there and in
that form is unknown. The man
ganese was discovered with the aid
of the new "big guns" for exploring
VIC UOCtOAA "a VIC oCd. AllCSC AI e
depth bombs which are lowered to
the bottom and when fired drive q
can-shaped bit down into the sedi-
ments and rocks. The can is hauled
to the surface filled with the sample
This is the first device, DR.. Piggot
said, which can be used at all depths.
Huge Clipper Ships Designed.
Four designs for transatlantic
passenger ships carrying 100 passen-
gers-all mechanically If not COM
mercially practical at the moment
have been submitted by American
aeronautical engineers, DR.. w. F.
Durand, professor of aeronautics at
Leland Stanford University, told the
association here last night.
Differing in details, all call for q
wing area of approximately 4,45O
square feet, engines developing H.
750-horsepower, cruising speed of
around $50 miles per hour, a non
stop range of 3,70O miles and a to-
tai lifting power of 100000 pounds.
Thus far, DR.. Durand said, Amer
lea seems in the lead, but designs
also are being drawn up in England,
France, Germany, italy and Russia
None Of their proposed ships to
Evening star., 1938-12-29
Scientists Are Baff|ed
By Exact Length
Of an Inch
Standards Bureau Chief
Sheds Some Light at
Physicists Meeting

Without so much as a pale blush,
the greatest minds in the world of
science admit they are baffled by
a problem that to the layman seems
as simple as two and two.
It's not a riddle-like How long
is a piece of string?"-but is a
puzzler that always ends with plus
How long is an inch?"
Lyman j. Briggs, director of the
Bureau of Standards, shed a little
but not much light on the problem
in his farewell address as president
of the American Physical Society
yesterday.
Never Formally Legalized.
In breaking the sad news that
nobody knows just how long is an
inch, DR.. Briggs said we have the
anomalous situation in this country
of legalized system of metric
weights and measures which is used
for scientific purposes and a Gus
tomary system of weights and meas
ures which is In common use but has
never been formally legalized.
And Congress is to blame, for in
1866, when the Nations legislators
made the metric system legal, they
defined the meter in terms of inches
In reversing the definition, it
develops that an inch equals
002540005 plus meters.
Can't Be Measured Of.
The inch as now defined is such
an incommensurable fraction of a
meter that it cannot be measured
off on a meter bar, DR.. Briggs la
mented. He pointed out that a bill
standardizing the inch was intro
duced at the last Congress but never
reached a vote.
DR.. Briggs was succeeded as presi-
dent of the Physical Society by Dean
John T. Tate of the University of
Minnesota. John Zeleny, Yale Uni
versity physics professor, was elect
ed vice president, to take Dr. Tate's
place. Dean George B. Pegram of
the Columbia University Graduate
School was reelected treasurer and
w. L. Severinghaus. Columbia Uni
versity physics professor, was re-
elected secretary.
Evening star., 1938-12-29
Motorist, Bus Driver
Robbed in Early
Morning Hours
Bandit Seizes Days
Receipts From Fish
Stond EmpIoye

A motorist and Capital Transit
Co. bus driver were held up by COL
ored men and robbed of a total of
$3375 on District streets early today
after another bandit took $16.75
from municipal fish wharf en-
ploye last night.
Harry Gildenhorn, 5912 Thirteenth
street NV, told police that when
he stopped his car for a traffic
light at Seventh street and Penn
sylvania avenue at Sis am. young
colored man opened the door
pointed pistol at him and forced
him to drive to First street and
Pennsylvania avenue NV. There
the robher took SIT from him and
he'd, MI. Gildenhorn said.
Bus Driver Robbed.
The bus driver, William R. Stroup,
41l6 Ellicott street NV, was robbed
of $l6.75 by two colored men who
entered his bus at Fifth and w
streets NV. One of the robbers
hit him on the head with an OBJ
tect wrapped in a red sweater, he
said. A woman passenger on the
bus was not molested.
John Norris was closing a stand
at No. IL Municipal Fish Wharf
where he is employed, when white
man armed with a pistol held him
up and took the days receipts of
$16.75, he reported.
Two Held in Fairfax.
Meanwhile, police were checking
to see if two men captured in Fair
fax County, Va, early Tuesday after
slashing a druggist in an attempted
holdup there, might be involved in
any recent liquor store holdups
here. Several local store operators
were to view the prisoners in the
Fairfax County Jail today.
The prisoners, booked as E. R.
Kennon, 81, of Pender, Va, and
Ronald Corrick, 81, of the HOO block
of M street NV, were identified
yesterday by Roger Smith, colored
taxicab driver of As Quincy place
NV, as the two men who robbed
him here Monday night before they
forced another cab driver to take
them to Virginia, according to po-
lice. Another victim in a series of
taxicab holdups here Monday
night said the prisoners looked like
the men who robbed him, and still
another was TO view them today.
Evening star., 1938-12-29
Science
Continued From First Page.)

doses of formaldehyde or surgical
shock. Lung edema produced by
other means and the fatal ana
phyactic shock of the guinea pig
may also be prevented by an alarm
reaction. These reactions show that
there is an increase in non-speciflc
resistance during the alarm reac-
ton, so we may regard the latter
as an organic defense which Is
comparable in way to immune
reactions, the main difference being
that the latter are more specific.
White Blood Cells Increase.
"Only certain antigens are capable
of eliciting the formation OF a cor
responding antibody and conse-
ouently the acquired resistance in
the case of immune reactions is
relatively specific. On the other
hand any damaging agent will elicit
an alarm reaction as long as it is
serious enough and last for suffl-
ciently long period, and the resultant
increase in resistance is relatively
non-specific.
One of the outstanding symptoms,
they said, was a considerable in
crease in the number of white blood
cells. This affords 6 convenient way
to determine the extent to which
the alarm reaction has taken place.
Shortly afterward there is an in
crease in red cells This red cell
increase, however, is not found when
the system is brought close to COL
lapse by too violent exercise and
1t may not return to normal In "
hours.
Hard Work and Insanity.
People in the United States may
be going at too fast a pace to make
their sanity certain.
DR.. John w. Thompson of Harvard
University told the scientists that
both physical and mental work ap-
pear to be wearing down the nerves
and ref1exes of human beings who
work too hard in any activity.
Fatigue of the mind and nerve
cells is apparently one of the major
causes Of mental illness, which keeps
dpOuU OllC OuG VI cVcly AZ pei SOllS
in the country under medical and
institutional care, he declared.
DR.. Thompson, an assistant in the
fatigue laboratory at Harvard, de-
clared that tiredness is one of the
cardinal signs of a number of ILL
nesses," such as tuberculosis, thyroid
gland trouble and anemia. He de-
clared that while physical work
makes nerves unable to work prop
erly, mental work causes the entire
body to get out of control and there
fore make it impossible for the
nerves to carry impulses from the
brain to the muscles. The two proc
esses are apparently identical in
the results which they cause.
Eyes and Growth.
Possibility of a growth causing
\ principle formed by the eye under
the influence of light was suggested
experiments reported here today
Evening star., 1938-12-29

SIDNEY J. WEINBERG.
NEW YORK.-QUESTIONED
IN DRUG PROBE-Catchings
and Weinberg are shown as
they were questioned at the
attorney generals Office yes
terday in the McKesson g.
Robbins hearing. Catchings,
former member of the drug
company board, resigned as a
result of a disagreement over
management. Weinberg is a
director of McKesson g. Rob-
bins and a partner of Gold
man Sachs & Co.
"A. P. Wirephotos.
Evening star., 1938-12-29
Force That Holds World
Toqether' Measured

BY the Associated Press.
New measurements of the mys-
terious force that holds the world
together" were reported to the So
ciety today by University of Wis
consin scientists.
Describing two years of expert
Evening star., 1938-12-29

had been shot only once. Her other
wounds, he said, probably came from
pieces of the hundreds of tin cans
in the powderhouse containing black
powder.
Bradley is scheduled to be ar
raigned on a charge of first degree
murder at the mid-January term of
Circuit Court.
Evening star., 1938-12-29


ceremony was held yesterday with
building expected
will elevated to
Evening star., 1938-12-29
Faint Perfume

Scent preserved in small jars
found recently in a Macedonia tomb
over 1000 years old had faint per-
fume when opened.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1938-07-26
Zacharay TaylOr's Fort
Yields Hidden Cell
~, N>~ocintcd Pre~~)

PRAIRIE RU CHEN. Wis.
July 26-An underground prison
cell on the site of old Fort Craw-
ford where Zacharay Taylor and
Lieutenant jeff Davis held sway
during the Indian wars, has been
uncarthcd as work of restoration
proceeds
Other discoveries at the 100.
ycar-olj site include an oven
bread pans remnants of q forge,
horscshocS and Smithy's tools
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1938-07-26
TORNADO In DAKOTA
DENUDES CHICKENS

TRIPP. : ID. July 20 Here
are some of the things a tornado
dld when It hit farms near Trip
LEFT Frank Solay's COW with
So many StraWS driven into her
body that she looked like a por-
cuplnc. She survived but didn't
ike it.
Picked Wallace Hoenke's
chickens cleaner than any house
wife could do it.
Ripped up tomhStonoS and
ploWcd others under, IN a GENE
terry.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1938-07-26
FINDS GOOD REASON
FOR ENGINE SQUEAK.

BOHEMIAN, Mont Juiy 20
William Mckinley has decided d
leave the >auc2ks i'm has ear until
they learn 20 fly
Disturbed 10y a noise. hc tool
the ear to a grease station and or.
dcred a thorough job Mechanic;
lifted up the hood and found a
nest of SparrowS Chlrplng cheer
lily
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1938-07-26
Society
Social Calendar

TUESDAY
Stone Church Service Club Din
ner. 6 p. M Church Annex
Key West Womans Club meets.
4:3O p NJ. Key West Public
Library.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1938-07-26
TRANSPORTATION
Lsss
Steamer Arrives

Steamship Colorado. ol the
Mallory Lines. arrived in
port tins morning at 7.30 O'Clock
and making fast to the CompanY'S
dock discharged upwards of rs
toms al freight and sailed 9:45
oC.ugk tor Tampa
The times-news., 1938-10-25
PLAN OPEN
TOMB0FPOET

LONDON, Oct. 25. tUP).-The
tomb of Edmund Spenser in the
poets corner Of Westminster Abb
bey will be opened this week un-
der conditions of greatest secrecy,
in the hope that priceless liter
ary discovery may be found-an
original manuscript by Shake
Speare.
If the expectations prove true,
it will not only be the first manu-
script in Shakespeare's own hand
writing to be found, but it may
settle the long standing contro-
versy over whether Shakespeare
really wrote the plays attributed
to him.
Many scholars believe Sir Fran
els Bacon actually was the author
of Shakespeare'S works, and the
Baconian society has proposed
opening the tomb in the hope of
deciding the question.
When SpenSer died, all the great
poets of the day wrote poems
which they threw into his grave
at Westminster Abbey. 1t is hoped
that Shakespeare poem may be
among them.
Shakespeare's signature was put
in evidence in a lawsuit and an
other signature appeared on his
well, but they differ even to the
spelling of the name. Two por-
traits of him also show startling
differences which had added to
the mystery surrounding him, .
Spenser was. born in 1852, II
years before Shakespeare, and, ac-
cording to a contemporary hlstor-
ian, when he died in 1899 Shake
speare was among the poets VINO
tossed manuscripts into his tomo.
If an authentic document IS
found, it will be compared TO
known handwriting of Bacon Tor
a final answer to one OF the most
puzzling controversies in literary
history. -
The times-news., 1938-10-25
dress of the evening.

dress of the evening. ,,oa-
Governor Hoey stated MS p.ad pd
su success for the Democratic .leKe.
n the county. He declared ,ai@h aha,
he and his associates at kaleisi, IL
aIso had great admiration for .he e
efficiency of the personal ~ ton
county Democratic admih's''"''
members. ;n;m;table
stvle he launched into the az "u
dress of the evening when o gare
an historical review OF the Deiuu tbo
cratic party in the state ana tne
nation declaring that it had sur. sur
v;vad the rise and fall Of all other
parties. holding out hopes, tfen II
bringing achievements 10 Inc me
masses of the people and tneh nc
devoted his attention to the eco
nomic situation and the efforts to
combat it beginning with the close
of the Hoover administrator.
Referring to the work OF fresi.
dent Roosevelt, he declared tnat
he knew mistakes had been MADE
hut that over and above these mis-,
takes, "the great achievements OF
the administration far overshado%,
them" He pointed to the changed
conditions from stagnatlon TO an
era of faith in the future, whieh
onnns m before the land"
"Our own safety, security ana
the perpetuity- of the nation are
tnown the world over" he de-
clared. reminding his hearers how,
~;n times of crises, the nations OF
Europe are continually pouring
The times-news., 1938-10-25
State Federal
Tree Planting To
Be Pushed Here
Further Soil Erosion Pro-
gram To Be Aided by
White and Bennett

The North Carolina agricultural
extension service and the depart
ment of forestry relations, IVA,
Jointly announce that they are
launching a program for direct CO.
operation with farmers in Is
counties in an effcrt to control
soil erosion and give aid in flood
prevention, halting thousands of
dollars loss annually IN this coun-
ty alone. The counties to be in
cluded in this program are Avery,
Buncembe, Cherokee, Clay, Gra-
ham, Haywood, Henderson, Jack
son, Macon, Madison, Mitchell,
Swain, Pennsylvania, Watauga
and Yancey. In Henderson coun-
" the campaign viii be led by
County Agent G. D. White and
Assistant County Agent d. w.
Bennett.
Plans call for the planting Of
= 1000. 900 to 100000 trees on
worn out, IDdHuOIIcu allO SiVuihS
fields. In selecting areas for this
cooperative forest planting, pri-
mary consideration will be given
to the purpose of stopping or con-
trolling existing erosion and pre-
vention of future erosion.
The kinds of trees to be planted
will include black locust, yellow
poplar, shortleaf pine, pitch, pine,
Virginia pine and white pine. Due
to a small supply white pine will
be limited to Avery, Mitchell and
Watauga counties.
ANY farmer who has land in
need of erosion control and will
agree TO give reasonable coopera-
tion in carrying out the project
may avail himself of this oppor-
tunity to secure tree seedlings to
plant on these waste areas and
thereby stop erosion and bring