davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1938-05-05
State Capitol News
BY A. I. HARRIS

Minnesota's ''little businessmen" had
a conference in Minneapolis the other
day, discussing almost everything ex-
cept the most important problem of
all-how purchasing power of the
people can be restored so that they
can buy the businessman's merchan-
disc.
A survey of the situation shows
that the moment the Federal govern
ment cut down relief and began its
budget balancing" the reduction in
purchasing power of the people COM
menced to injure the little business
man." The reduction in purchasing
power was in direct proportion to
government curtailment of eXpendi-
lures.
Some day the small businessman is
going to find out that his salvation
lies only in movements which strive
for a more equitable distribution of
wealth. The money in Carpenter
Jones' pocket and in Farmer Whites
pocket means everything in the world
to the small businessman, but the
money in the Wall street vaults can
give him only a depression headache.
Academic freedom is endangered
in Minnesota, the American Fedora
ton of Teachers charges, because OF
the dismissal of two teachers in north
ern Minnesota, both presidents of
their respective locals of the A. F.
of T.
The teachers are Stanley Mcmahon
of Gilbert, and Kenneth Alderman
of Grand Rapids.
The former was dismissed for the
alleged reason of economy" his
superintendent stating without quail
fication the validity of the economy
motive, since there was no lessening
of enrolment in the school where Mr.
Mcmahon taught.
The latter was dismissed because
he lacked certain technical qualifica-
tons, although he had served fol-
several years in the same capacity
with the knowledge of the superin-
tendent as to his qualifications.
In a letter to Governor Benson
regarding the two cases, Jerome
Davis, president of the A. F. of T..
said: 'We feel confident that the
great state of Minnesota will not lei
these cases blot the magnificent record
for academic freedom which has beer
achieved since you came to the gov
ernorShipo
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1938-05-05

Minnesota buttermakers are the
best in the business, it appears from
their victory in a contest sponsored
by the National Creamery Butter
makers association at its annual con-
vention in ST. Paul.
Average Minnesota score was
94.467. Iowa placed second and Wis
consin third.
Minnesota Commissioner of Agri-
culture Charles Ommodt told the
group that Minnesota's 875 cream
cries produced 276,239,76O pounds of
butter last year, with cash value
of $91, 085,1
Oleomargarine has been quite mis-
understood-it' really as pure as
soap. That's what an exchange be-
tween a southern and Farmer-Labor
Congressman revealed.
The following conversation was re-
ported by Rep. R. T. Buckler of Min
nesota's Ninth district.
"People have the wrong idea of
oleomargarine," southern debater
commenced. "Why, it's as pure as"
"Ivory soap, 1 suppose" interjected
the Farmer-Laborite.
The result was defeat of meas
ure designed to permit serving oleo
in government veterans hospitals.
The present Minnesota picture of
reactionary Senate which blocks
liberal governor and lower house re-
calls like situation in earlier Min
nesota history.
In 1900 John Lind, a tried and true
Republican liberal, was elected Gov
ernor of Minnesota, and sent to st.
Paul. With him was liberal House
made up largely of Farmers Alliance
men.
The progressive program of Lind
and the lower house was boldly
Haunted by a reactionary Senate
secure in their seats by reason of
the quirk in the state Constitution
which provides for the election of all
Senators at once instead of part at
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1938-05-05

The Minnesota farmer has seen a
30-point drop in the purchasing pow
er of his products from year ago,
economists for the Minnesota uni
versity division of extension have
calculated.
AS prices went down the farmer
also got less of the consumers dollar,
the figures revealed In March, 1887,
index of the Minnesota farmers share
of the consumers dollar stood at 531
compared with 472 for March, 1888.
Meanwhile the United States depart
ment of agriculture bureau of eco
nomics announced continued recess
sion in the nations farm income, the
drop from March year ago being
10 percent.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1938-05-05

Classify to get a crop of buyers.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19

take the place of the teacher who resigned.
 Bishop, lEsndricken, and East Mountain
 The average number of pupils per teacher in Bishop school, Hen- drlcken School, and East Mountain School could be increased. Some of the classes are small, but the dis- trlbution is such that there is no possibility of discontinuing posi- tons, with the number of pupils as of october 1, 1887. Since October l, 1887, however, 6 teacher of sub normal children has been added to the Hendricken School, giving that school one additional teacher.
 The remainder of the schools all have an average ratio of more than 30 pupils per teacher 90 further analySiS, on the basis that has been used, would be useless.
 Summary Statement
 It has been shown that the fol- lowing positions can be discontinued without transfer of pupils to other schools. If school enrolment should decline in any of these schools be- low that of october 1, 1887, 1t Is probable that more positions than are stated here could be discontin. ued.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19

recommendations were made on the basis of enrollments rather than on the basis of average daily atten- dance. It should further be remem- bered that enrolment is likely to decrease below the enrolment of last year. It is probable that more than 90 positions could Do discon- tinued if enrolment and distribu- ton of enrolment for ieSe-ioSs were known at this time.
 Possibilities for Discontinuance Ol
 Other Positions
 Tn the previous analysis no pro- vision was made for .redistricting schools and the transfer of pupils to schools other than those they at- tended in isS7-ieSo. Tn the analysis of schools, many light teaching lokds were shown to exist, which could not be increased for some reason, such as too many pupils ir the grades above and below to ad- nit of their being absorbed. By re, districting and the transfer of pu. pills, together with the elimina- ton of positions as already recon. mended, 1t should be possible te discontinue more than 90 positions (instead fo S0) and still keep every class below 30 enrolled pupils, witt an average of not more than g. pupils per teacher, and with an av- craze daily attendance of not above 20 pupils per teacher.
 Kindergarten Teachers
 Kindergartens are maintained in 24 schools, on half-day sessions, for children from 4M to 6M years oi ago. Eighteen Kindergarten teachers and nine kindergarten assistants are employed for instruction oi these classes. Tn some cities 1t is customary to employ untrained high school graduates or untrained col- lege graduates, who like little chil-
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19

Nearly every teacher should have more pupils in her room but enc rollment is such that there is no possibility of eliminating any posi- tons without transfers of pupils to other schools.
 Croft
 Tie Croft School, with i3 teach. CTS, 373 pupils, and an average off 2e.7 pupils per teacher, as of Octo- Der 1, 1887 was closed and the teachers and pupils, except the open air class, were transferred to other schools.
 Three teachers were sent to Web- ster School, which the table shows had an average of 36.6 pupils per teacher. Another was sent to Web- Ster School from Barnard School. The addition of these teachers brought enrolment per teacher down to 2oe in Webster School, which gives those teachers light teaching loads. One teacher was sent to Duggan School, where av- craze enrolment was only 33.O; one was sent to Maloney school, where av- craze enrolment was only 3i.3; one was sent to Bishop school. where av. craze enrolment was only 2o.A: one was sent to Driggs School, where average enrolment was only 2e.3; and one was sent to Welton School, which had an average enrolment of only 26.B and did not need another teacher as was shown in the discus. sion of that school.
 Obviously, the closing of the Croft School, without the diScontinuance of any teaching positions, did not decrease the cost of the schools by as much as Si SO fer aS the sal- aries of teachers are concerned. Seven of these positions could have been abolished, and may be abol- ished even yet. Possibly two of the four teachers transferred to the Webster School might have been warranted to bring average enroll- ment to 32.4 though 36.6 would not be considered too heavy c load in some cities.
 Klngsbury
 Kingsbury School had l4 teachers on the September payroll and 4o9 pupils as of october 1. It was or- ganized as follows:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19
ggest Combining Grades In Economy Move

Hession iB held, the teacher ccndncts ing a class ia one school Ia Iha morning and in another school ila the afternoon. The following tehle shows the enrolment as os oclobo1 1, 1887, for each school. and the number of assistants and teachers employed tn each school. xt alsc shows the number of teachers and assistants needed # each teacher ia to have not more than 90 pupils in any half day.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19
LAW ON BENEFITS
 MAY BE AMENDED
(spscIal te Tho Dsmocras)

t8B4oh4h " 4AO VWAavek8U
 Hartford, Oct. i0e-etate Labor ComniiSsioner Joseph M. Tone and kIelan Wood and James J. Graham of the Unemployment Compensa- ton Commission, will attend 6 cons ference ct Washington this week which is for the purpose of effecting siinplification of tho unemployment compensation iaws.
 Each state is expected to send three delegates to the conference to De held Oct. 20-22. It will be the first meeting since benefit payments under the Social Security act have been in effect and delegates will discuss in detail the programs with view to obtain more efficient handl- lng Of the payments.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19

cren, to assist kindergarten teach- CTS at salaries of less than half those of the teachers, but in Water bury the kindergarten assistants hold regular positions and receive salaries nearly as high as the kin dergarten teachers.
 In some schools Kindergarten classes are large enough SO that they can be divided into morning and afternoon sessions. Tn other schools they are small and only one
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19

According to the data presented here, five of the nine positions of kindergarten assistant could be dis continued, without increasing the load of any teacher to more than 30 pupils for any half day. Only two teachers, namely. the teachers at Bishop and Barnard schools. would
 have 90 pupils. All of the rest would have fewer than 90 pupils. By allowing the enrolment at Webster School to reach g for each half
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19
Drlgrs
Driggs School was organized as follows, as of October 1, 1887:

In addition to the 24 teachers Q substitute taught in the fifth grade. Tho loads in the fifth grade were very light for two teachers. The 80 pupils of the fourth grade could have been taught by one teacher or three or four pupils could have been transferred to another school and 36 pupils could have been taught by one teacher. This would make possi- ble the discontinuance of one posi- ton.
 One teacher has recently resigned from this school, but teacher has also been appointed in the place of the substitute, 50 that the number Is still 24. No teacher is needed to
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19

Individual schools which are not carrying full student enrolment loads pointed out by riffenhagen Asso ciates in the latter portion of memorandum four which IS presented today. Recommendations for the closing Of schools are made, of saving large sums of money The first portion of section four was printed yes- erda and on previous days the first three memoranda were published: The concluding section of memorandum n1n-n An1lnMnns
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19

about nine pupils going to the teacher of the la grade and the other pupils to the teacher of the 2a grade. Likewise, the 4a grade might be divided between the teach- or of the 4b grade and Che teach- or of the SD grade. If the two posi- tions were to be discontinued the school would have an average Of S2'2 pupils per teacher, with enrolment the same as of last october. If the number of pupils is less, the ratio of pupils to teachers would be below 32.2. This is certainly not too heavy an average teaching load.
 Begnal
 The Begnal School is Q primary school having grades from the kin- dergarten to the fourth. In eep- tember, 1887 1t had 9 teachers and 2Be pupils. The organization was as follows:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19

from the Kindergarten to the eighth, and one class for retarded children, In addition it has Q woodworking teacher and c part-tlme teacher of cooking and sewing, which did not enter Into the computations, as is the case with most of the other schools. If they had been included, the ratio of pupils to teachers would have been lower than 26.2.
 The loads were as follows:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19

Grades 2 and could Do cofn- bined and also grades { and 5 to eliminate two teaching positions. The average enrolment would then be 32.0 pupils.
 Roosevelt
 Roosevelt School iS . two.teacher school, having the first five grades. Enroilment of 46 (October l, ie37,) is too large for one teacher and too small an enrolment for two teach. CTS. Again, pupils could be trans- ported to other schools with net saving of probably t3,600 of the total cost Of the school. Abbott
 Abbott School has eight teachers Tor eight grades and one kinder- garten teacher, who teaches in the mornings. The average teaching load was only 23.9 pupils per teach- CT as of october 1, io37. The classes varied from iT pupils in the fourth grade to a pupils in the eight grade. Two positions could Do diss continued by recombining half grades. For example, combinations might be made of grades 2 and Sb; 90 and (; 6 and 6b; Go and 2. With such combinations each room would have about 52 pupils, except that the kindergarten and first grade would have only ie and 20 pupils, respectively, and no change would be made in the s4 pupils of the eighth grade.
 Washington
 Washington School hes aii grades
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19

One of the positions in the fifth or sixth grades can be discontinued, say the teacher of the 1a grade, and the pupils of that grade can Do divided between the teacher of the bb grade and the teacher of the ob grade without any change in their grade status.
 Sprague
 The sprague School maintains grades from the kindergarten to the eighth, with an average of 20.2
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19

Since the last four grades are de- partmentalised, one position can be discontinued. Tn i03e-loS9 1t is planned to have but one teacher for the fifth grade and two teach- CTS for the larger eighth grade.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19
SIMPLY GET SAVER AsPIRIN-- FOLLOW EASY DIRECTIONS BELOW

4. Tske { Dayes z. Yea sheuid feel Aspirin Tablets wills relief veu auiskIy. If | fall RIass Of wsleg gain is unusually 1hN moment yeu feel severe, feeeAi ees either sheumalie os eesding e aiseesieass neuFitIe pais seains
 en.
 To relieve pain of fheumatiem or neuritis quickly, try the Bayer Aspirin way .- shown above.
 People everywhere say results are remarkable. Yet Bayer Aspirin costs only about one cent q tablet, which makes the use Of expensive "pain remedies" unnecessary.
 If this way fails, see your doctor. He will find the cause and correct 1t. While there, ask him about tak- ing Bayer Aspirin to relieve these Dains. We believe he will tell you there is no moro effective, more de- pendable way normal persons may
 When you buy. G always make sure >4 you get genuine Zk BAYER Aspirin. Iz 1A
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19

Tn this large school, with upper grades departmentalized, 1t would easily be possible to discontinue four teaching positions. With de- partmentaiized grades 1t is not necessary that teachers be assigned to certain grades, For example, c teacher might teach arithmetic to classes of the sixth and eighth grades as well as to the seventh grade classes. The plan for io3e- ie3O is to discontinue only one of the surplus positions.
 Rockville
 Rockville School has four teach- CTS with two grades each from the first to the eighth, and with i0o pupils enrolled as of October ], 1887. The organization is as follows:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19
reAds as folloWs:
Memorandum 4; Continue
Analysis of Teaching Loads In
 Elementary Schools

Memorandum 4; Continued
 Analysis of Teaching Loads In
 Elementary Schools
 Only nine schools last year had average teaching loads that may be considered full teaching loads, and five of these may be considered to be rather scaI1t. In general, these were among the larger schools of the city, which Illustrates the econ- oniy of larger elementary school units, The nine schools had 42.0 percent of the children enrolled on October 1, 1887, while the other g schools had the remaining b7.l per- cent. Some changes have been made since october 1, 1887, 90 that the number of teachers scheduled for some of the schools for September, 1888, as shown in another Tnemor- andum, dealing with the loads of principals, will vary from that shown here, Furthermore, if there ts a further loss of enrolment in September, 1888, the loads will be even lighter in some schools than those shown here. Furthermore, If there is Q further loss of enrolment in September, 1898, the loads will be even lighter in some schools than those shown here. Comments on schools having . low ratio of pupils to teachers follows:
 Oronoke and Lincoln
 oronoke and Lincoln schools are Dne.teacher schools, having grades 1, q. 3, and {. There is little poSsi- bility of increasing the number of pupils in these schools. It would not Do desirable to admit children in grades above the fourth, since there is but one teacher in each school. The schools could be closed and the pupils transported to larger schools, where they would Do distributed among the respective grades, at less than one third the cost of maintaining these schools. Whether or not these schools should be cons tinued will depend upon the city's need for Q net saving of e3b00 or more in teachers' salaries and other expenses, as weighed against the probable opposition of patrons of the schools.
 Bucks Hill
 Bucks Hill School has eight grades taught by two teachers. Again, the closing of the school, and transportation to 6 larger school. wllage pupils can be absorbed with out additional cost, is c possible solution and would result in c net saving Of $500 or more.
 Mulcahy
 Muicahy School, last year, had . teaching principal, four full.time teachers, and. two kindergarten teaehers for half day. It fnain- tained grades from the kindergar- ten to the fifth, with enrollments as follows as of October 1, 1887:
 a.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19

pupils per teacher, as of October 1, 1887. It was organized as follows:
 Crnde pupils Teachers
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19

BInCe the small enrolment com. binations are in the lower and higher grades, there ig no way that . position can be elimihated by recombination of grades, without assigning some teacher more than % pupils.
 MeFTiman
 The Merriman School had .2o.2 pupils per teacher as of October 1, ios7. It was organized aS follows:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19

lt is pFOp0sed tl1at tho position for Che 20 grade be discontinued and tilet the half grade De divided,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19

day and at Tinker School to reach 3l for each half day, two more po- sitions of assistant could be discon- tinued, making seven positions of assistant, which could be discon- tinued.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19

Memorandum Five win appear in tomorrow nights Democrat with additional details of Che many changes recommended in the school department by the Griffenhagen firm.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19

Recombination of half grades might be made as follows: ? and 3b; 3a and 4: and ten pupils of 6b; remainder of eb and Go.
 The result of these combinations would be the elimination of two positions. The range in teaching load would probably be no greater than at present and the number of pupils per teacher would be raised from 2S.2 to 2o.e per teach- CT.
 Welt0n
 Weiton School maintains grades from the kindergarten to the sixth. The Kindergarten is operated on Q half-day session and the third and fourth grades are combined under one teacher. The principal teaches the sixth grade. Enrolment on co. tober 1, 1887 was 2Se pupils per teacher. The organization of the a.R. AQ AANN
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19
Welton

Little can be done to increase the loads of three of the teachers, with out exceeding 70 pupils for one teacher. However, ono additional teacher was sent to this school later in the year and the first and sec- ond grades were separated, giving every teacher in the school Q very light teaching load. That addition. al teacher was not needed.
 The plan for io30.io3D is to dis- continue the sixth grade but to rec tain the 6M teachers now there. This will mean that the former 3.4 grade combination (next year fourth and fifth grades) will be tn. der separate teachers. There will be little work for any of the teachers unless additional pupils are sent to the Welton School.
 With the same enrolment as last year, the coming first and second grades could be combined with 36 pupils, the third and fourth could Do combined with % pupils, and the fifth and sixth could De combined with 36 pupils. This would make possible the discontinuance of two positions and the enrolment would average 33.i pupils per teacher. A natural decrease of enrolment would mako even c lower average.
 Barnard
 Barnard School maintains classes from the kindergarten to the eighth grade. The September payroll listed i4 teachers and two Kindergarten teachers for this school of 3e8 Due pils, as of October 1. The organiza- ton cannot Do presented since Q teacher of subnormal children was listed on the payroll but no on. rollment of subnormai children is given for this class. By rearrange- ment of half grades, two or possibly three positions could Do discontin- ued. Reorganization is planned for next year, but without elimination of positions, though one additional teacher was sent to Webster School during the last school year.
 Walsh
 Walsh School had % teachers on It's September, 1887 payroll, 70i Due piig on october 1, and an average Of T pupils per teacher. The school was organized as follows:
 TAaAh. HANAFsa-
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19
Bucks Hill

Muicahy School, last year, had . teaching principal, four full.tiFne teachers, and. two kindergarten teaahers for half c day. It fnain- tained grades from the kindergar- ten to the fifth, with enrollments as follows as of October 1, 1887:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-10-19
Abbott

Washington School hos ail sradea