davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1938-10-28

NOTE: Plenty of 2-in-l Zibber.Hning Oveycoats
-Tobcoafs, just a zip -. . and a Tobcoat for mild
weather becomes an Overcoat for cold ,ceafhe,
in Ufy.
Evening star., 1938-03-27

THE 1888 primary elections, soon to
start, are full of more than the
usual amount of political signif-
canoe and dynamite. They will
Evening star., 1938-03-27
Next Step Of the Dictators
Keeps World in Anxiety
European Observers Certain Next Few Weeks
Will See Hitler Move to Subjusate
Czechoslovakia

that is, the victory of the Italians and
the Germans in Spain.
The French general stan and the diplo.
mats Of the Quai dOrsay are becoming fear.
tul that Hitler and Mussolini may under
take a daring attack against Frances
colonial empire in North Africa. Reichs-
fuehrer Hitler indicated in his recent
Reichstag speech that colonies will be taken
oy Germany by force If necessary, but did
not mention what colonies are coveted.
See Yelled Threat.
1t seems to the responsible French au-
thorities somewhat unlikely that Hitler con-
templates sending expeditionary forces to
reconquer the lost African possessions Of
the Reich. Hence they read between the
lines OF Hitler's speech veiled threat to
the French African possessions. OF course
the Germans and the Italians know that
an attack on Tunis and Algiers would in
eVtably bring them into direct conflict not
only with France, but with Britain as well.
But the French general staff is of the
opinion that during the next nine months
while Germany and Italy unquestionaby
have the upper hand, Hitler and Mussolini
may take the fearful risk and extend their
totalitarian hegemony over the world.
The day Gen. Franco becomes the un-
challenged ruler of Spain, France will be
surrounded by enemies In the east she is
confronted by large and efficient German
army and chain of light Notifications
which can check for a long time any
French attempt to cross the Rhine in the
Alps there is b whole Italian army ready
for action and in the south there will be
combined 1talian-German-Spanish army
The Balearic Islands will offer an ideal
naval and air base for the Italo-German
submarines and airplanes.
Will France be able, under these condi-
tions. to defend her African possessions
even If Britain decides to come to her res
cue' The French cabinet is divided on
that subject. The majority Is of the
opinion that neither Hitler nor Mussolini
will dare challenge both democracies. They
believe that in such an eventuality they
could count even on the support Of isola-
zionist United States. A minority Of the
cabinet, represented especially by the secre-
tary of national defense and the French
general staff, believe that the dictators are
sufficiently strong now and sufficiently
daring to attempt such a move, despite its
grave risks, and maintain that from purely
technical point of view the chances are in
favor of the Fascist aggressors. The lack
of cohesion of the political parties in
France and Great Britain. they hold
further encourages the Fuehrer and II Duce
to take chance which they would not have
thought of attempting several months ago.
Whittier the Berlin-R Rome axis? No one
is able to offer even an approximately cor
rect reply to that question.
(Copyrisht 1881
Evening star., 1938-03-27

souri, was one Of the most violent opponents
of the Presidents court bill. He has op-
posed the Presidents Government reor-
ganization bill, too. Yet Senator Clark is
riding high, wide and handsome in his own
State. It looks very much as If he will
have no opposition either from the Demo-
Gratis or the Republicans, many of whom
have declared for his reelection.
In Idaho, Senator Pope, Democrat, who
has travelled along with the President in
all contests, may be the target Of Demo-
cratic Republican coalition, both in the
primary and later in the general election.
Senator Ellison d. Smith of South Caro-
lima has fought the New Deal and under
the rallying cry Of the President, something
may be attempted against him by Gov.
Johnston.
September will see primaries In Nevada
and Georgia on the 6th; In Maryland. not
earlier than the sth nor later than the
Evening star., 1938-03-27
Chinese Matrimonial
Market Doomed bv War

SHANGHAI, China (P).-Business in
China's matrimonial market has hit new
all-time high as q result of the Sino-
japanese war.
In ordinary times getting married is a
costly business for the Chinese bridegroom.
In addition to footing the bill for the brides
trousseau and the wedding ceremony tradi-
ton requires that he make cash settle
ment upon his father-in-law.
The war, however, has brought about
change.
Parents whose incomes have been cut or
wiped out by the war are no longer par
ticular about the financial standings OF
prospective husbands for their marriage
able daughters. In many instances fathers
even have agreed to make settlements upon
their future sons-in-law in order to be re-
lieved Of the burden of the daughters ex-
pense.
Evening star., 1938-03-27

18th; Arizona, Colorado, Louisiana, Mich
igan, New Hampshire, Vermont. Washing
ton and Utah, on the 18th; New Jersey,
New York, Wisconsin and Massachusetts,,
on the goth.
No Serious Opposition.
Three opponents of the Presidents court
bill, Senators McCarran Of Nevada, George
of Georgia and Tydings of Maryland, all
Democrats, have yet to find serious oppo-
sition to their denomination. It has been
reported that Gov. Rivers Of Georgia may
get into the race against Senator George.
particularly III the light of the speech the
President made few days ago in Gaines
VILE. No one has come out against Tyd-
ings or McCarran.
In New York Senator Wagner appears
certain Of denomination. His friends say
Senator Wagner should have the indorse-
ment Of the American Labor Party. His
danger IN the general election would Be thu
Evening star., 1938-03-27

nomination by the American Labor Party
Of another candidate Of its own. Repub-
lican sentiment for q senatorial candidate
is still in the making.
Wisconsin's Democratic Senator F. Ryan
Duffy, although he has had the White
House blessing, is in tough spot The
Progressive party and the Republicans both
are expected to nominate candidates for
the Senate, and the Progressive party is
the dominating party in that State, with
the Republicans second.
Senator Thomas in Utah, another ar
dent New Dealer, Is likely to meet with
plenty of opposition, II not in the primary
at least in the general election. There, too
coalition Is operating.
The Republicans are planning to nom
mate former Senator Barbour in New Jer-
sey, and they expect to elect him. No
Democratic candidate has yet been selected,
evan tentatively.
Evening star., 1938-03-27
5000 Chinese War Babies
Are Adopted by MayOr

HANKOW, China P-Dr. K. c. WI,
30-year-old Princeton University graduate,
who is Mayor of Hankow. China's tenn
porary capital. has adopted 5000 Chinese
war babies into his family.
He and Nine. WI are undertaking the
enormous task of feeding, housing. clothing,
rearing and educating these tots who lost
their parents, in one way or another. in
the war with Japan.
To act as mothers" for his unoficia
family Of 5000, "China's model Mayor
has mobilised several hundred nurses, high
school girls and unemployed women. They
give the homeless mites all the tender care
and attention they would receive in Their
own homes.
Evening star., 1938-03-27
Rival Smithies Seeking
Cretna Green Business

GRETNA GREEN, Scotland F.-Ths
anvil of Richard Rennison, over which hun.
dreds of runaway couples have been mar.
ried, has rival.
David MacKintosh, owner Of nearb,
hotel, has set up the opposition by reopenins
q smithy and marrying people over his
anvil.
Rennison is not worried. He says:
MY business Is built on solid founda.
ton"
Evening star., 1938-03-27
New British Divorce Law
Brings Deluge of Pleas

LONDON P).-A deluge Of divorce peti
the first time recognizes desertion as
cause for decree, has caused of1cials b
charge Of poor persons" applications h
send out an SOS.
A. Hassard-Short, secretary Of the Lon
don Poor Persons Committee, trying b
clear things up, announced:
THE husband cannot divorce his wiz
on the grounds that he himself has do
serted her"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-10-06
23rd Convention
(Continued From Pace Onel

Former Senator Warren Barbour of
the State of New Jersey.
Joseph A. McInerney, president of
the Building and Construction Trades
Department of the American Fedora
tion of Labor.
Rev. j. w. r. Mcguire, C. S. ", St.
Viator's College, Kankakee, Ill.
John P. Frey, president of the Metal
Trades Department of the American
Federation Of LabosL.
H. Merwyn Porter, president of the
National Association of Master Plumb
ers.
Ernest l.. Flentje, executive secre-
tary of the National Association of
Master Plumbers.
Spencer Miller, Jr., director and ex-
ecutive secretary of the Workers Edu-
cation Bureau of America.
William Green, president of the Am
ercan Federation of Labor.
William V. Hoier, chairman of the
National Apprenticeship Committee
of the National Association of Heat
ing, Piping, and Air Conditioning Con
tractors, who represented President
George H. Dickerson of that organiza-
ton.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-10-06
DernocruticNu Notions
ToHdve Assistance
Of Cdnddiun Labor

Hamilton, Ontario (ILNS).-The
unity of the Trades and Labor Con-
gress Of Canada was shown by the re-
election by acclamation of President
P. M. Draper, Secretary Treasurer R..
J. Talon, and all the members of the
Executive.
William Russell, of the Topographic
cal Union No. 81, Toronto, was named
fraternal delegate to the American
Federation of Labor, and Gus Francq,
of the Jacques Cartier Typographical
Union, Montreal, was unanimously
elected fraternal delegate to the Brit
ish Trades Union Congress.
A close approximation of unanimity
was shown on most matters brought
before the Congress, including the diff
fcult matter of keeping the quarrel
between the A. F. of l.. and CIO out
of Canada. The notable exception was
the question of war, and on this the
Congress altered it's stand.
Referendum Stand Abandoned
In previous conventions, the Con-
gress demanded that referendum be
taken before Canada plunged into any
war. At this convention, scores of
resolutions on the war question were
before the Resolutions Committee,
which held special sessions to hear the
views of their sponsors. In view of
the fact that wars are no longer de-
clared, that international banditry is
current, and that women and children
are ruthlessly bombed from the air,
the Resolutions Committee was called
upon to do Solomon act.
Need of Help Recognized
The boiled down resolution which
was submitted to the Congress and
adopted by large majority, put it
up to parliament to decide whether
Canada should participate in a war.
1t went farther than that, saying:
"That this Congress, while reiterat-
ing it's firm belief in collective action
through the League of Nations as the
most effective means of maintaining
world peace, nevertheless recognizes
the need to render help at this hour
to those democratic countries whose
independence and integrity is now be-
ing challenged"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-10-06
President Names
Continued From Page One)

certainty of railroad employment.
Here are few paragraphs:
"In 1887, 1,740,700 men found en-
ployment over varying periods of
time in railroad work. Only $4,000
of them were in anything like regular
employment. This number found en-
ployment for some period of time for
each of twelve months.
"Of the total, S22,S99 were en-
ployed in eleven or less months during
the year. That is to say, more than
$4,000, or 47.27 per cent, were irreg-
ularly employed, while only 52.73 had
what might be called regular employ
ment.
"The average yearly earnings per
employe for the year 1887 was $l,ll0,
or approximately $93 per month. That
includes the regular employees as well
as the irregular employees.
Low Wages a Scandal"
"Tens of thousands of these work
ers are today receiving wages so low
as to constitute nothing short of a
scandal to the railroad industry. TO
propose wage-cut for these men is
on the same moral phase as snatching
food from the emaciated hands of a
starving man.
"The nation has been," said Harri-
son further, "since the beginning of
President Roosevelt's administration,
committed to the proposition that fair
wage standards are essential, not only
to the maintenance of decent stand
ard Of life for American workers, but
likewise essential to the general well
fare of the country"
"We are serving the railroads bet
ter in resisting the 10 per cent rate
cut" he added, "than their owners
and managers who proposed it; we
are trying to prevent them from COM
hitting economic suicide
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-10-06
Industrial Mishdps
Claim 81 In State
Accident Frequency Raises
In Ohio During August
Report Shows
(By Ohio Labor News Service)

(By Ohio Labor News Service)
Columbus, O.-Industrial accident
frequency in Ohio continued to rise
in August, the 14,915 claims filed with
the Industrial Commissioner being
1,S4S more than the July record, the
report of Superintendent Thomas P.
Kearns of the Division Of Safety and
Hygiene discloses.
There were 81 fatal accidents dur
ing the month, the same number as
in the preceding month, but severity
was reduced by 1918 days Of time
loss.
Public employees led in fatal claims
with IL deaths reported. Construction
had 10, mining 7, commercial employ
ment 6, metal goods and utilities, 5
each and custody of buildings 4, clay,
glass and stone products, foods and
beverages, lumber and wood products,
paper and printing and quarries and
stone crushing, each.
Agriculture, chemicals and allied
products, blast furnaces, steel works
and rolling mills, machinery manufac-
ture, rubber and composition goods
and clerical and professional, 2 each;
vehicle manufacture, textiles and cloth
ing manufacture, transportation, cart
age and trucking and miscellaneous in
dustries, l each.
Handling objects was again the chief
cause of accidents, being accountable
for 2,491 claims, including a fatalities
Machinery caused 2,481 with fatality
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-10-06

The Brotherhood of Railroad Train
men, fighting the rail management's
proposal to cut their wages, says that
the railroads in the last ten years
have lost more than a billion dollars
by following the counsels of Wall
Street, which led the roads into graft
and speculation. True-only the figure
isn't high enough. And graft money
and speculation money seldom if ever
find they way to the pay envelope.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-10-06

THE UNCONSCIOUS" ARSONIST
The crime of arson is universally
condemned. The deliberate setting of
fire can have no justification in any
case, and the person committing it is
properly given severe punishment
when apprehended.
1t would be fine thing for the
country if some of that condemnation
were extended to the man who causes
fire because Of his own ignorance,
carelessness or stupidity. For the
grim harvest reaped by the "uncon-
scious arsonist" is infinitely greater
and more serious than that of the fire.
bug. He doesn't do it on purpose, of
course-but that's a frail excuse in
deed when lives and property are de-
stroyed.
Certainly the man who carelessly
discards smoking materials in dry
woods that are ready to explode into
flame at the touch of a spark, is de-
serving of little public sympathy.
Neither is the man who wantonly per-
mits hazards to exist on his property
and endangers the property of every
one else in the community.
In some European countries, notably
France, the law provides that if a
fire starts on anyone's property
through the fault or negligence of the
owner, he is financially responsible for
the damage done to other property.
There's small chance of passing such
a law here-but the principle it rep
resents is worth thinking about. Most
Of the hazards that cause fire can be
easily eliminated. And the argument
that many of us don't recognize haz-
ards when we see them, isn't valid.
Ignorance of fire dangers, like ignor-
ance Of the law, should not constitute
an excuse.
Are you an Unconscious arsonist ?"
It's easy to say ''no"--but can you be
certain that's the right answer?
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-10-06
Sweden Achieves
Continued From Page One)

instance, there is no closed shop in
Sweden-but here is what the report
says about it.:
"The closed shop is not a signifi-
cant issue in Sweden, because Of the
very large proportion of workers who
are union members, and because the
employers no longer try to break down
union organization, preferring to deal
with their workers through strong
trade unions"
AZ Union Groups
Through an old country, the union
movement is not so old. In 1888, a
small federation of unions in the
metal industry was established on a
national basis. Ten years later, other
unions joined to form the Swedish
Confederation of Trade Unions. That
Confederation now has AZ groups of
unions, about $4,000 members, and a
treasury fund Of roughly $30,00O,OO0.
Collective bargaining in Sweden is
on the English plan; that is, a union
deals usually with the entire associa-
tion of employers in that industry,
not with single plant. The report
gives, as sample, the Wood Work
ers agreement with the Associated
| Wood Industries of Sweden. The
country is divided into districts. The
minimum wage for skilled men in the
lowest district is 211a cents an hour;
in the highest district, 311s cents. The
minimum wage for skilled women in
this craft is 14A in the lowest dis
trict, and 81 cents in the highest. The
basic hours are 48 week, with 35 per
cent boost in pay for the first 2 hours
increase; 70 per cent after that, and
100 per cent for Sundays and holidays.
Strike-breakers Banned
Most basic changes are made by
consultations between unions of work
ers and unions of employers. If this
fails, there are government concilia-
tors, and a Labor Court. Like our
own railroad workers, the Swedish
workers who have a grievance may
not strike till peaceful means of set
tlement are exhausted.
But perhaps the most illuminating
thing is direct quotation from the
report:
an 1881, there was severe strike
in the lumber region, where strike
breakers were introduced. The mill
tary was called in, and five deaths re-
suited We were told by officers of
the Employers Federation that this SO
shocked the people that no such at
tempt would again be made to use
strike breakers. Employers, repre-
sentatives and union officials concur
red in the opinion that unless there
was a general strike against the gov
ernment, the military would not again
be called out"
No Strike Violence
"In 1888, there was strike called
in the building industry which lasted
for nine months, but it was not ac-
companied by the use of strike-break-
ers or by violence"
The acceptance by the whole nation
including the employers, of the right
of workers to organize, and the Civ
ing up of all such strike-b breaking
bullying, beating and killing as came
in our Little Steel strike, are the cen
tral features of the report. Unluck-
lily, it does not give authentic studies
of living costs, especially rent; and
without that, one doesn't know wheth-
er the wages are as low as they seem
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-10-06
Fight on Proposed
lC,nntinnad From Pnna Onel

must be sent to as many Of the electors
in the state as it is reasonably pos
sible" to reach, 20 days prior to the
November election.
Approximately 100000 pamphlets
will be mailed TO voters in each of the
states $500 precincts, the Secretary
of States office said. Addresses will
be obtained from the poll books of each
of the precincts.
Under this arrangement, only one
third of the states electors will re-
ceive the international pamphlets.
For that reason, it will be necessary
for Organized Labor and cooperative
groups to explain the effort being made
to wrest from the electorate their con-
stitutional privilege Of electing the
judiciary Of the state.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-10-06
BENEFITS PAID TO
IOBLESS WORKERS

Washington, D. C.-Payment of
$36,665,OOO in unemployment benefits
during July to insured jobless workers
in % States brought the total dis
tributed since the beginning of the
year to approximately $216,000,O00,
according to an announcement by the
Social Security Board.
Benefits Decrease
The amount of benefits paid during
July decreased 8 per cent from the
previous month, the first significant
decrease since payments began, and
was accompanied by a sharp drop of
81 per cent in the number of initial
claims for benefits filed in States
which paid benefits in June. Reem-
ployment Of workers who had been re-
ceiving benefits and fewer lay-offs
were significant factors underlying
these decreases, according to special
reports to the Social Security Board
from several States. However, ex-
haustion Of wage credits of workers
who had been receiving benefits must
also be considered as a factor contrib
uting to the reduction in the amount
Of benefits paid.
States in which there were decreases
of 10 per cent or more in the amount
of benefits paid in July were Alabama,
District of Columbia, Maine, Maryland,
Minnesota, New York, Oregon, Penn
sylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, and
West Virginia. Decreases of approxi-
mately $1,400,O00 and $1,OOO,0OO were
reported by New York and Pennsyl-
vania, respectively, while consider
able number of States showed drops
in payments ranging from 100000 to
$500,000. The bulk of the decreases
occurred in payments for total unem-
ployment.
Analysing the factors underlying
this decrease, New Hampshire report
ed that large numbers of workers laid
off in June in the shoe industry were
re-employed in July. New York in
dicated that some seasonal employ
ment may have been responsible.
Rhode Island, Vermont, and Virginia
reported that exhaustion of wage
credits and unemployment of benefit
recipients contributed to a reduction
in the amount of benefits paid out in
those States.
Number of Initial Claims Filed
While the number of initial claims
for benefits filed in the 25 States
which had been paying benefits in
June showed sharp decline, the large
number of claims filed in Iowa, Mich
igan and South Carolina, where bene-
fits first became payable in July, raised
the total for all States above that Of
the previous month. More than $685.
900 initial claims were filed in these
three States alone. Of the 25 States
which paid benefits in June, only four
reported an increase in the number of
initial claims filed during July, and in
no case was the increase greater than
per cent. In the 81 States where
these claims decreased, the reductions
ranged from 5 per cent in Texas to AZ
in Massachusetts.
Small Average Payments
The average payment for total un-
employment in Is States for which
data are available was $1,000, rang
ing from $744 in Tennessee to S12.65
in Utah. Payments for partial un-
employment averaged $5.72, and
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-10-06

program of the Federation on the
ground that the Federation had ex-
hibited political partisanship in the
1888 campaign"
In the current issue of the Quarter
ly Bulletin, official international pub
lication of the Ohio State Federation
of Labor, the action of the Executive
Board is fully explained, and the La
Dor and other directly important
planks adopted by the two political
parties are reproduced for the III
formation of the membership.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1938-10-06

Davy John Lewis did not win the
Democratic nomination for the SEN
ate. But he has done more good deeds
for labor, for Maryland and for the
United States than Senator Tydings
could even understand.