davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06
County Champ
Enters Meet
HAGERT AMONG NINE
CHALLENGING TED
BALKO COMEBACK

Peter Hagert of Wabasso, 1887
Redwood county corn huSking
champ, entered this years event
Wednesday. His registration
brings entries to 10-With only
two to go before County Agent
]. l. SWedberg closes the listings.
Four Redwood Falls huskers are
entered. Ted Balko, top-notcher
for years: his brother Herman,
Earl Byran, another familiar
bangboard figure and Herbert
Panitzke are local boys who will
go to Walnut Grove. Wednesday
to compete in the county contest.
Lester Cole of Delhi, Orville
Bruins of Lamberton and Norman
Sclke will represent their cons
munitieS there. Entered to uphold
the Walnut Grove end of the
bout are Henry Schmidt and
Frank Ourada.
Charles Van Hecke of Walnut
Grove has withdrawn his name
because of the press of work on
the farm where he is employed.
A field on the Wilbur Baker
farm, half-mile south of the
village, has been tentatively sell
ected as the contest site.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06
Candidates Enter last
Month of Campaign
GOVERNOR IN RAMSEY
PARK TALK; KINZER
TO SPEAK FRIDAY

With only a month remaining
before voters visit the polls for
the general election, the cam
paign for both state and county
offices was warming up steadily
despite the chill October air this
week.
Already choice spots for cam
paign posters are difficult to find.
AS one tall veteran in politics re-
marked, Its the first time |
haven't been able to reach above
the lineup on telephone poles to
tack my placards without step
ladder" Many candidates for
county positions to be filed No
vember 8 are out early and late,
making acquaintance and renew
ing friendships throughout the
broad and tall county.
State candidates pass through
frequently enroute to points more
distant from the capital and num-
erouS street meetings have been
held in county villages. Con-
gressionaI candidates are adopt
ing the same campaign system.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06
THIS is LETTER
WEEK; WRITE ONE
TO MOST ANYBODY

You're halfway through Ma
tional Letter Writing Week.
The period began Sunday, will
end Saturday.
Its only a few steps to the
nearest mail box-write a let
ter" Redwood county postmast-
ers urge.
They suggest you write a let
ter to your mother or father,
your sister, brother, sweetheart,
loved ones.
Write a letter to the aged
relative who hasn't many days
to live, to the friend of your
father, the friend of your fami-
".
Write a letter to the author
Whose story gave you that de-
Hghtful half-hour last night
to the cartoonist whose serial
strip you devour-to the teach
er who inspired you 20 years
ago-to the doctor who saved
your baby's life-to your old
employer to show him there
was something more between
you than a pay check.
There's a man in public life
you admire, believe in, rave
about-write him a letter of
encouragement" they urge.
If none of these suggestions
strike responsive cord, take
your pen in hand and sit right
down and write yourself a let
ter.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06
Discher to Report
On Cleveland Trip
At Alliance Meeting

Jake Discher, Redwood county
delegate to the national conven-
ton of the Workers Alliance at
Cleveland, is expected to give a
report of his trip at a meeting of
the local chapter in the court
house Monday night. Chester
Watson, state president of the
Alliance, will be here that eve
ming. =
Discher made the trip by auto
mobile with five other Minnesota
delegates. 1t was his first visit
to the city and the four day con-
vention was packed with fine
talks by prominent people, he
says.
Arnold Johnson, president of
the Ohio Workers Alliance; Rev.
John Mcfarland of st. Johns
Cathedral, Cleveland; Mayor
Harold Burton of Cleveland; Da-
vid LASER, national president of
the organization; Jerome Davis,
president of the American Feder-
alton of Teachers; and Mr.. Wat
son of Minnesota were among
those who appeared on the plat
form at Convention hall.
Resolutions were passed in
support of President Roosevelt,
for the relief of migratory work.
ers and temporary residents and
against deportation, on foreclos-
ures and evictions, on federal aid
to education, on boycott of Jap
anese goods, on peace and demo-
cracy and the rights of the for
eign born.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06

son. Mrs. J. D. Keith sang and
Victor Malmrose also gave a solo.
A gift of money was presented
the honored couple by Mrs. Fred
Starr and both M. and Mrs. Col
berg responded.
Closing the program Rev. Keith
of Granite Falls gave prayer.
Mr.. and Mrs. Goldberg were
married October S, 1898 in JOY,
Illinois and came to Redwood
county, where they have since
become prominent figures, SO
years ago. They have a son,
Willard of Delhi and two daugh-
tiers, Verna at home and Mrs.
Ernest White of Benson.
One highlight of the affair
Wednesday night was the fact
that Mrs. Goldberg carried her
original bridal bouquet which
had been saved through the years
and Mr.. Goldberg wore his bou-
tonniere of 40 years ago.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06
REV. DALTON Will
ADDRESS WOMEN
CLUB CONVENTION TO
BE HELD SATURDAY
AT LAMBERTON

Rev. w. A. Dalton of the Pres
byterian church of Redwood
Falls will give the principal adj
dress at the County Federation
of Women's clubs convention Sat-
urday at Lamberton Using the
subject sour Larger Loyalties" he
will speak at the afternoon ses-
sion.
Mrs. William North of Pipe
stone, district president, will give
federation news; Mrs. J. E.
Greene of Redwood Falls will
preside and the program will in
clude music; a memorial service
conducted by Mrs. w. J. McDon-
aid of Walnut Grove, reports Of
committees and election of offic-
ers.
During the noon intermission
the Sharon Lutheran Ladies Aid
will serve a luncheon in the
church parlors and social hour
with members of the Lamberton
Reading club as hostesses, will
complete the session.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06
''Stocking Reminders, IN. B.
Calls Chilly October Days

It's supposed to take three gen.
erations to go from shirt sleeves
to coat-but Redwood Falls resi-
dents made the change overnight
this week.
Monday the temperature hit 80
degrees for the hottest October
day on N. B. Andersen's records
for 80 years past. Tuesday NOR
ming residents found the mercury
at so, a drop of 80 degrees.
Today the minimum was As.
'It's a stocking reminder" MIR.
Andersen says, observing that the
towns bare-legged lassies have
donned hose only recently.
Mr.. Andersen's weather books
show one of the finest early
autumns in years. Never before
in his recollection has the tenn
perature even gone up to 80 in
October.
The mercury has not yet in
dictated freezing, although bottom
lands in the community have
ShiVered under few light frostS.
The lowest temperature so far this
season was 35 degrees September
10.
The fall high was reached
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06
Couch Denies
Kidnappings :.
REPUDIATES CONFESS
ION GIVEN AGENTS
AND SIGNED

Minneapolis-(P)- John Couch
denied two previous kidnappings
which the government claims he
confessed to Omen, as he under
went continued grilling by the
district attorney today at his fed
eral trial on charge of kidnap-
ping Daniel Fahey and pretty
23-year-od Peggy Gross, ST.
Louis, socialite.
did you sign this statement, :"
demanded attorney Victor Ander-
son. He showed statement taxi
en- by an FBI agent in Ramsey
county Jail.
That's my signature" Couch
snapped, But / didn't say those
things that are in there. II
signed it 1 didn't know they were
in there"
Sentence by sentence the pro-
secutor read the statement before
the jury with Couch denying
every word. The statement show
ed confessions of kidnapping a
man near st. Charles, Mo. and
another at Arlington, Texas,
where two men stole cars.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06
Mr.. and Mrs. L. ]. Colberg
Mark FOrtieth Anniversary

The spacious home of MIR. and
Mrs. Lucas j. Goldberg at Delhi
was the scene of a gathering of
about 100 of their relatives, friends
and neighbors for celebration of
the couples fortieth wedding an
niversary Wednesday evening.
Guests were especially impress
ed with the efficient serving of
the potluck supper and arrange
ment of the program.
Entertainment following supper
was preceded by prayer and a
brief talk by Rev. H. A. Henderson
of the Delhi Presbyterian church.
Catherine Hammond, Delhi
teacher, played a cornet solo ac-
.companied by Dorothy Ballard;
Mrs. David Jacobson sang a solo
with Mrs. Victor Johnson at the
piano; a reading was given by
Kathleen Brown. Accordion and
guitar music by Donald Sorenson
and John Trent was followed by
little speech by Mrs. Hender-
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06

September 3 when the temper
ature stood at 95.
Mr.. Andersen looks back over
a pleasant summer. Only twice
did temperature reach 100 degrees
or above. July 2 the reading was
100 and August l, the hottest day
of the year, it rose to 103.
Precipitation is running about
even with that of 1887. In Sept
ember this year rainfall measur-
ed 163-last year the count was
1.62 inches.
For the first nine months of
1887 moisture was 25.18. This
years precipitation is tagging
slightly, 22.26 inches having been
recorded.
Total rain and snow in 1887
amounted to 27.79.
Temperature readings for this
first week in October, first hot,
then chill, are:
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06
Commons Approves
Partition as Hitler
Gets Another Slice
FIFTH ZONE LARGER
THAN OTHERS NOW
is GERMANY'S
By Associated Press

New CZechoslavak wealth and
territory became Germany's to-
day as Europe still reckoned the
cost of the Munich agreement.
While German troops marched
into the fourth zone allotted to
Berlin at Munich the internation-
al Sudetenland commission hand
ed Reichfuerher Hitler a choice
fifth zone, half as large as all the
other four.
The government at Prague said
sacrifices far surprising its ex-
pectationS were required in the
cession of this new area.
Government circles described
the new terms as. Cruel"
London-(P) - The house of
commons today voted confidence
in Prime Minister Chamberlain
and approved his bargain at
Munich for keeping Europe out
of war. The vote was 366 to IA.
Amid tremendous ovations the
house then adjourned until No
vember l after four days of Bit
ter debate over British affairs
during the recent crisis.
Chamberlain himself wound up
the debate declaring his policy
saved Czechoslovakia from des-
truction and Europe from the in
ferno of war.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06

age of IS, son Ed at age &c and
a daughter, Mrs. IZetta Petrie, AZ.
Survivors are three sons, A. D.
Norcutt in California, Richard
and Frank of Lucan and three
daughters, Mrs. Christ Christen-
sen of Canada, Mrs. Louis Kar-
tax of Park Rapids and Mrs. An
ton Kramer of Lucan. There are
As grandchildren and 81 great
grandchildren.
In her younger life she was Of
ten called to care for the sick.
Her one boast was that she help
ed bring 88 babies into the world
and never lost one.
Burial was in the Lutheran
cemetery with Rev. P. A. Strom-
men in charge.
The pallbearerS were six grand
sons, Lyle and Bernard Kramer,
Quentin, Stanford, Kenneth and
Chester Norcutt.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06
COMMITTEE GIVES
CORN SEAL RULES
FARMERS ELIGIBLE TO
SEAL IF BASE is
NOT EXCEEDED go

complete information on the
sealing of 1888 corn has not been
received" the county AAA COM
mittee says, "yet we are led to
believe that a man is eligible to
seal if he has not exceeded his
corn base by more than two per
cent"
The county committee has ap-
proved the following rules and
specifications for corn cribs to be
used in sealing 1888 corn:
Floor at least eight inches
above ground level.
Building not to exceed eight
feet in width. Floor must be
good, roof must be tight.
Round cribs must be placed
away from trees and the shelter,
if more than Is feet in diameter,
must have a VentilatOr.
Persons receiving payment I'M
der the 1887 soil conservation
program and who have not eX-
ceeded their 1888 corn base by
more than two per cent are eli
gible to seal their 1887 corn. The
ear corn can not exceed 15.5 per
cent moisture, while Shelled corn
cannot exceed Is per cent mOis-
@ture.
Those farmers having 1887 corn
under seal at this time are warn
ed not to break the seal until
permission is received from eth
er the Commodity Credit corpor-
ton of their local lending agency.
Results of calculations on field
measurements are being mailed
to producers as they are complet-
ed.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06
Council Establishes
PublicProduceMart
SITE FOR RESERVOIR
PURCHASED; ALTER
ELECTION SYSTEM

A public market for farmers
and gardeners will be establish
ed on the lot just north of the
Budik building, committee of
the city council announced We'd
neSday. The city has leased the
portion of the John Hermann lot
which abuts the sidewalk, for the
market.
At its meeting Monday night
the council purchased a fraction
of an acre of land south and east
of the water tower for the site of
the contemplated water reservoir.
The c. c. Riheldaffer heirs were
paid $3.50 for the plot.
B. F Lane of Minneapolis re-
ceived the contract to paint the
exterior of the Redwood Falls
water tower for $343. Work is
expected to begin today.
In order that clerks and judges
can have rest periods in the long
hours of counting ballots at the
general election, November 8, the
council appointed an extra judge
and two extra clerks for each
ward.
Mike de CRAFT was selected as
extra judge for the first ward ard
c. A. Luscher for the second.
Clerks will be Mrs. Hiram Brit
ton and Mona Leavens ir the first
ward and K. J. McClurg and
Thomas Whiting in the second.
Regular judges an6 clerks who
served at the June primaries and
recent city electici. will also
work in the general election.
They are Harry Wilcox, Mrs.
Carrie Smithers and Bernice
Huhnerkoch, first ward judges;
Paul Weis and Mrs. Franz Muet-
eel, clerks; second ward judges,
c. v. Everett, Mrs. William jack
SON and Ed Martinson and sec
ond ward clerks, Mrs. Donald
Smith and c. A. Lauterbach.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06
Board Hears
Land Matter;
Sets Letting
PWA FUNDS FOR ROAD
BUILDING ACCEPTED
BY COMMISSIONERS

Asking that portions of their
farms be transferred from Nor
gan village to Morgan township,
George and Will Green and Joe
Shank appeared before the Red
wood county board of commits
sioners Wednesday morning.
The board has not yet decided
on the matter.
A resolution accepting $76,806
in Public Works administration
funds for highway construction
was passed by the board and they
set October 81 as the date for let
ting contracts on the first four
jobs in the PWA project. Bids
will be opened at 10 a. m.
Grading Of 1877 miles south of
Lucan; 81 miles from Seaforth
north to two miles north of Bel
view; 3.9 miles from the Brown
county line north toward Morgan
and 43 miles south of Milroy,
will be contracted at that time.
All jobs are on state aid roads.
William Dehnke received the
contract to haul the seasons sup
ply of coal to county buildings
with a bid of 40 cents a ton.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06
CROWD OF 1,5OO
HEARS GOVERNOR

"October's bright blue wealth.
er" mentioned by nearly every
one of the speakers, aided and
abetted seventh district Farmer
Laborites in their rally in Ram
sey park Sunday.
Although guesses on the crowd
varied, one member of the county
central committee who seldom in
dulges in flights of figures set it
at 1900.
Less bitter in his attacks than
at an appearance here month
ago, Governor Elmer A. Benson
discussed organization of farmers
and labor, unemployment, the
steel trusts, packing industry and
his political opponents.
Like his primary opponent,
Hjalmar Petersen, he cited the
scandinavian countries as ideal
democracies.
''The trusts haven't been able
to fool the old gentlemen. He is
the real representative of the
average man and woman" he
said in praising Senator Herman
Schmechel of Renville county
who preceded him on the plat
form. He included Paul j. Kvale
of this district in his general com
mendation of liberal congress-
men.
Other speakers at the rally
called up from the audience were
John M. Zwach, Redwood and
Brown county representative;
Nils Petersen, Chippewa county
senator and Ed Hagen, represent
alive of that district; DR.. w. A.
Brand of Redwood Falls, Kvale
and Schmechel.
F. H. Shoemaker, as master of
ceremonies, launched attacks in
various directions, making a point
of the contributions asked of
state employees for FL cam
paign funds.
''We ask honest money from
honest people to put across pro-
gram for the common good. They
(the Republicans) collect dishon-
est money from the packers" he
said.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06
FAIR DIRECTORS
WILL BE CHOSEN
AT ANNUAL MEET

Three directors will be elected
at the annual meeting of stock
holders of the Redwood County
Agricultural society Monday,
October II. The meeting place is
the commissioners room of the
court house, the session to begin
at p. m.
Directors whose terms expire
are Parker D. Sanders, president,
w. A. Hauck, secretary ard H. E.
SWennes. Although no formal re-
signation has been received, it is
expected that the position of Dir
ector c. C. Crocker, who has
moved away, will be filled.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06
Name County
Heads Monday
DELEGATES CHOSEN AT
TOWNSHIP MEETINGS d
DURING WEEK

Election of the county AAA
committee will take place at a
meeting of delegates at the Wa
basso hall Monday. The session
begins at 100 p. m.
George Claussen of Redwood
Falls, Martin Sandager of Bel
view, Anton Johanneck of Wa
basso and August Mas of Lucan
form the present county commit
tee.
Delegates to the county meet
ing were elected at township
gatherings throughout the county
this week. Complete reports have
not been received at the office
here, but a partial list follows:
Delhi-Fay Starr, chairman and
delegate; jeremiah M. Mahoney,
John McCorquodale, Frank Els
chen and Fred F. Starr, commit
teemen.
Granite Rock-Robert Daniel
oWski, chairman and delegate;
Carl Brau, John Honetschlager,
William Raveling and William A.
Miller, committeeman.
Kintire-Ed Engberg, chairman
and delegate; Ray Roxberg, Will
liam Smith, A. J. Bjorndahl and
George Bergquist, committeeman.
Morgan-William J. Lohaus,
chairman and delegate; Ed Rog-
ers, Ed L. Hoover, William Ge-
hrke and William Luken. COM
mitteemen.
Paxton - George Claussen,
chairman and delegate; John w.
Sexton, Allen D. McCorquodale,
Ed j. Henderson and George AL
Ian, committeeman.
Redwood and Honner-D. M.
Tiffany, chairman; William j.
Dunlevy, delegate; Frank P. Grip
pen, Everett Mann and Douglas
Stewart, committeeman.
Sheridan-L. M. Fuhr, chair
man and delegate; William Poul-
sen, Arthur Precht, T. J. Kerby
and Herbert Winn, committee
men.
Sherman-C. E. Grain, chair
man and delegate: M. J. Schou-
vlller, Jens Benson, Harmon En-
gel and Emil Kopischke, commit
teemen.
Shutdown = A. J. Lipetzky,
chairman and delegate; Lawrence
Ryan, Alfred Ziegenhagen, Arthur
Sorgaard and Alvin Jensen, COM
mitteemen.
Vail-Anton B. Johanneck, de-
legate and chairman; Peter A..
Cores, Herman Bagdons, William
George and Joseph Mahal, COM
mitteemen.
Vesta-Emil J. Boushek, dele
gate and chairman, Ray Eichten,
Ed Boushek, Gust Penke and
Frank Petracek, committeeman.
Lamberton - George Kastner,
delegate; John Krinke, chairman;
Oscar Cutosky, Harvey Greise,
Gerhardt Boelter and Ernest HUI
bert, committeeman.
All newly elected township
committeeman and the new coun-
ty committee will attend dis
trict meeting at Mankato Thurs
day, October Is.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06
Rural Youth Leader
Discuss Years Plans

New and old officers and gen.
eral committees of the Redwood
County Rural Youth met with
Ruby Christensen, rural youth
agent of University Farm, j. 1.
Swedberg and Lenore Golden at
the court house Tuesday evening
to plan a program for the year.
Community service activities
for the group and committees to
act during the year were discuss
ed.
The next monthly meeting will
be held at the Wabasso school
auditorium Tuesday evening.
Ruth Wheaton and Alice McCa-
mara will present a home man.
agement project to girls of the
group and Jack Moses, Tracy and
Rodney Morgan, Marshall will
discuss farm business with the
boys. The acting committees for
this meeting are: refreshments,
Au Della Tompkins, Hazel Tomp-
kins and Joe Zeug; recreation,
Marguerite Parmeter, Helen Hoo
yer and Margie Bliss.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06
Campbell Accepts
Marshall Position

Kenneth Campbell has accept
ed position as assistant secre-
tary- treasurer of the National
Farm Loan association in Mar
shall. He will begin work there
Friday.
An affiliate of the Federal Land
bank of st. Paul, the Marshall Of
flee has a territory of four coun-
ties, Lyon, Lincoln, Murray and
Yellow Medicine. Mrs. Besse
Cameron, former Redwood
Falls resident, is also employed
there.
Campbell has been assistant
manager of the Farmers Elevator
here for Is months. His position
has not yet been filled.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06
Urge Improvement of
North Redwood Road

Redwood Falls Lions renewed
agitation for Improvement of the
North Redwood hill road at their
meeting Monday. A committee
was appointed to interview the
county board on the matter of
having the stretch blacktopped.
DR.. c. L. Lynn reported on a
district Lions meeting at New
Ulm last Thursday which he at
tended with M. L. Holmberg, E.
L. Gallea, Charles Duncan and
Scott Schoen.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06
IntOxicatiOn To Be
Plea In Staying Of
Labor Union Chief

Minneapolis-(P)- Counsel for
Arnold johnson began showing
it's hand today, indicating major
portion of the defense on second
degree murder charge will be
built on plea of intoxication.
Neil Hughes, defense attorney,
pointed plainly to contention
that johnson, organizer for gen.
eral drivers union 544 shot down
William Brown, the union presi-
dent, in a blind outburst during a
drunken quarrel. He examined
each juror as to whether he held
a decided opinion concerning the
use of liquor and whether he
would be prejudiced if evidence
showed any drinking preceded the
murder.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06

l, 1866 she was
m a rri e d to
George w. Nor
cult at Smiths
Mills, Mime
sofa. She has
lived in Mime
sofa since with
the exception
of three years
spent in Kan
sas, five years
in M o n t a n a
and two years
in California.
Those who
preceded her in
death were her
lhnhnnl 81 Tia
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06
Bandits, Freed By
Jailer's Daughter,
Rearrested Today

Hickory, N. G. - P) - James
Goodwin, 10, and Bill Wilson, 81,
who escaped from the Lexington
Jail Monday with the help of the
jailer's daughter were rearrested
today. Goodwin was slightly
wounded when an officer fired
upon him as he ran from a barn
with a pistol in his hand. Wilson
surrendered voluntarily at the
Hickory police station.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1938-10-06
VIM. LAUSTER
DIED WEDNESDAY
WHILE HUNTING

Evon Lauster was called to- his
home at Big Stone City, South
Dakota, Wednesday night by the
death of his father, William Lau-
ster, which occurred while he
was hunting with his friend, the
game warden.
A grocery merchant, he is also
survived by his wife. Evon was
their only child.
He suffered a severe heart at
tack about a year ago and ha<
not been active in business since
then, although trip west for his
health last winter was believed
to have improved his condition.