davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1938-09-18

Southeastern Europe to the Near East
Czechoslovakia stands in the way and
must be removed. After that there
are other countries on the list. And
after that, what of France-of Spain
eventually of Britain? I hesitate to
add-what of the United States?
Nazi Rule Death Of Spirit.
have been brought up in a liberal
democracy. Personal freedom Is the
salt Of my existence. A world under
Nazi rule would be death OF the spirit,
and would rather don my uniform
again than suffer without a struggle
the loss Of individual liberty which
feel has been the fate OF many Of
my German friends.
And, Of course, If Hitler gets away
with 1t this time, we are a big step
nearer to that disaster. I am for
peace at almost any price-but not at
that price; and I am confident that
most Of the British, in Britain and
in the Dominions, share that view.
There are many people who believe
that peace ultimately is impossible
even II the present crisis is patched
up-that peace today may be but
postponed war. If Hitler goes on with
his devotion to force, his racial hatred
policies, his war on democracy every
where-then I fear that may be 50.
Frankly the only hope I see for a real
era of peace in tortured Europe Is a
change of heart in Germany. There
is no sign of that at the moment, but
the darkest hour Is always just before
the dawn. Germany's form Of govern
ment Is nothing for us to NEEDLE in
80 long as it is not extended ruthlessly
to us or to friendly democracies. But
the disease Of dictatorship is expan-
sion. This may hardly be the time
TO say it, but am optimist enough to
believe that we are seeing dictatorship
at its peak, and that the incidents of
the last few days-with world democ-
racy presenting at least a front more
suggestive of unity Of thought and pur-
pose than ever before-will show up In
the future as q great turning point
in history.
Whether that turning point will be
marked by peace or war is still on the
knees Of the gods.
Evening star., 1938-09-18
STANTON NAMED /.
NEW POLICE HEAD
Judge Resigns Post to
Succeed Lawson in
Baltimore Job.
By the Associated Press.

oy the hsSoclAted Press.
BALTIMORE, Sept. 17.-Gov. Harry
w. Nice announced tonight that Judge
Robert F. Stanton of the Baltimore
supreme bench had agreed to resign
his judicial post and accept appoint
ment rs police commissioner succeed
ing William P. Lawson.
At the same time he announced
Stanton's appointment, his first state
ment on Lawson's resignation, ten
dered early today, the Governor re-
leased copies Of a letter to Lawson
commencing him for his work as
commissioner.
Lawson, enjoined by the Federal
Court from operating his brokerage
business and facing State criminal
charges Of fraud, had relinquished the
duties Of the office July 21, and Chief
Inspector Stephen G. Nelson has been
in command Of the department.
Gov. Nice said he had prevailed
upon Judge Stanton, whose tenure Of
office OF the supreme bench OF Ball
timore would end next year, to resign
that Office and accept this important
position.
This will involve some sacrifice on
the part Of Judge Stanton, but have
urged him to accept the position as a
public duty which he, through his %
years on the bench, and his previous
experience as counsel to the Board OF
Police Commissioners under Gov.
Goldsdorough, is pre-eminently quail
fed to discharge"
The Governor asserted that he made
the appointment after the most
thoughtful and deliberate considera-
ton, and without consultation with
any one, thus making the responsible
ity directly and solely my own.
In a letter to Lawson, accepting tbs
latter's resignation, Gov. Nice said, II
want to say that I know that in your
short tenure of Office you made many
valuable improvements for which you
are to be commended, particularly in
the handling of the traffic situation,
the elimination of ticket-fxing in the
Traffic Court and the installation Of
the two-way radio system and accident
prevention squads"
Evening star., 1938-09-18

British public. On the whole I would
say that the trend Of British public
opinion is somewhat less conservative
or right than that OF the govern
ment. The public must now be re-
membering the stand made by former
Foreign Minister Eden for the rule
OF law in international affairs-and
so, indeed must Mr.. Chamberlain.
For an Englishman at this distance
from rapidly changing scene to
express his personal thoughts and
views might we'll be looked on as an
lndiscreet impertinence, but I have
been asked by The Star to think out
loud" and I'll take the risk. Al
though I have implied that five years
ago we British were failing to try to
understand the Hitler mentality (and
neither our diplomats nor our news
papermen in Germany were very help
fuD, must qualify that by asking:
Has Hitler ever tried to understand
us or any other country in the
world?
Has he ever tried to understand
the outlook of democratic countries?
Hitler Untraveled Man.
Incidentally, he has never been out
side Germany-except for his brief
trip to Rome this year. He is an un-
Travelled man without the liberalizing
influence Of direct international con-
facts.
Let me be frank. As an individual
I have dual feeling about this Czecho-
slovak affair. I honestly don't see
why I, or my son, should be bathed
in blood to prevent the Sudeten Ger
mans fulfilling what may be, both
biologically and historically, a rightful
aspiration.
But can the issue be put in that
simple, realistic way? I think not.
Behind all this showing and pushing
stands the figure Of Hitler; and he has
left us under no illusion as to his aims
and intentions.
His writings and his actions are open
to the world. His professed god has
been force. His announced program
Is being carried out to the letter. This
Czechoslovak affair Is only another
step in grandiose scheme for Ger
man expansion through Central and
Evening star., 1938-09-18

Sudeten Germans still In C8echoslo-
vakia, especially those who have been
unable to seek refuge in Germany and
the wives and families Of those who
had succeeded in escaping"
Cites Compromise Efforts.
In his proclamation today Henlein
mentioned efforts to reach an "equit-
able compromise with the Czech peo-
pie" and then said:
For five years Sudeten Germandona
gave proof Of this intention.
To-day it Is necessary to state that
all efforts to find this compromise in
peaceful labor have failed on account
Of the Czech tyrants' unconciliatory
will to destruction"
Bitterly attacking President Eduard
Benes OF Czechoslovakia, the proclama-
ton said ''his last hope he sees In q
European catastrophe"
The foreign Office spokesman said
formation of the corps "also is intended
as a warning and counterbalancing
measure to the Czech mobilization.
Czech Troop Activity Reported.
Many fugitives have reported troop
activity on the Czechoslovak side of
the frontier. Especially at Troppau,
in Northern Moravia, a few miles from
the German border, the fugitives re-
ported unusual activity. They said the
city looked like huge army camp.
From a nearby munitions depot at
Ottendorf, they said, munitions were
being brought up continuously into
the frontier Notifications.
It was assumed here announcement
Of formation of the free corps would
electrify the Sudeten Germans. Ger
mans recall how the German Free
Corps in 1919 fought against Bolshe-
visits in the Baltic States and also in
Bavaria. Gen. Franz Won Epp,
Chancellor Hitler's governor for Ba-
varia, was an officer OF such a
free corps.
Almost simultaneously with an
Evening star., 1938-09-18
BRITISH CONCENTRATING
WARSHIPS IN FAR EAST
Flagship of China Station Chief
En- Route to Hong Kong From
Shantung Port.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
SHANGHAI, Sept 17-British ves-
sells in the Far East were reported
today to be concentrating in Hong
Kong in view of the European crisis
The cruiser Cumberland. flagship
OF Vice Admiral Sir Percy Noble,
commander in chief of the China
station, was en- route from Weihaiwei
British port in Shantung Province.
The cruiser Suffolk, only British
vessel at Shanghai, will leave to-
morrow and was reported heading for
Hong Kong.
Hong Kong is the focal point of
British interests in the Far East.
Evening star., 1938-09-18

nouncement Of establishment Of the
free corps" came = statement from
German passenger and freight lines
operating on the Elbe River that they
had ceased crossing the border to
Czechoslovakia.
Boerse Remains Quiet.
The Boerse remained quietly firm,
with small gains resulting from re-
purchases Of stocks thrown on the
market Friday.
The statements OF British Prime
Minister Neville Chamberlain upon his
arrival in London yesterday after his
meeting with Chancellor Hitler, as
well as prospects for a second meet
ing in few days, awakened hopes an
open conflict might yet be avoided.
Underlying problems remained, how
ever. The Sudeten spokesman, Sebe-
kovsky, in his interview tonight, said
continuation Of the Sudeten Germans
within the framework Of the Czecho-
slovak republic had become impossible.
All Sudetens, he said, now solidly back
Henlein's program OF back to the
Reich"
Asked whether a plebiscte under
international control was still possible,
Sebekovsky said only Henlein could
answer the question.
Propaganda Drive Alarming.
The German press and radio cam
paign of recrimination against the
Czechs assumed even more alarming
proportions Most OF the vituperative
words in the German language have
been invoked to picture the Czechs as
"murderous barbarians." The fugitive
situation also lent itself to superlative
color writing.
The published number of homeless
Sudeten Germans seeking refuge in
Germany increased from $4,000 yes
terday to 27,000 by noon today. The
press reported there was plenty for the
Nazi welfare organization to do.
The Nazi party's commissary de-
Evening star., 1938-09-18
Sudetens Dismayed by Failure
Of Hitler to Come to Rescue
Inhabitants on Czech0sI0rak-G Gern,a,
Border Reach Conclusion Var
WiUNOt Come.

up in Asch, but Henlein and his lieu
tenants fed Immediately 50 the new
headquarters never functioned.
The German side Of the frontier
was patrolled by the usual customs
guard, but there were no soldiers. On
the Czechoslovak side, small groups
Of soldiers were stationed along the
main roads to search automobiles for
weapons.
Crowds OF curious Germans stood
all day at the frontier gazing into
Czechoslovakia. but they saw nothing
but the roofs Of Asch. Beer halls On
the German side were crowded.
Evening star., 1938-09-18
Clarke
Continued From First Page.)

but It's time we got on a better foot
ing would 60 so far as to restore
some Of her colonies, get France in a
different mood, talk things over
frankly about arms and the world
situation. Then say, There you are.
Shake hands and let's be friends
Something ought to be done to meet
the German point Of view. 1t can't
be done merely by supporting French
policy"
That all seemed reasonable to me-
but the five years have passed without
appeasement. The dictators have gone
from strength to strength. Their rec
ord has not been one to inspire con-
fidence elsewhere. Abyssinia, Spain,
China, Austria and now Czechoslo-
vakia. Force has had a rare inning
at the expense Of argument, while
democracy has slumped in the dol
drums. Now we have come, willy
nilly, to the great and inevitable show
down between democracy and die
ldlOl WIN 10 6O1ll6 w ACUiC
Will it be the force-drunk Hitler?
Will it be battered but civilized de-
mocracy, with Mr.. Chamberlain as
its man of destiny?
I do not know what peace plan Mr..
Chamberlain carried to Hitler in his
Berchtesgaden Mountain retreat. It
may have been boldly to disabuse the
dictator's mind of any lingering doubt
that Britain would not fight. 1t may
have been to make last-hour conces-
sions for the sake of peace. But
feel sure history's verdict will be that
it was the action of a truly civilized
man. That sort of thing has never
happened before. 1t shows that, de-
spite everything, the conscience of the
world is improving when it can pro-
duce men Of such moral courage, and
it brings the day nearer when interna-
tienal disputes will be settled BY ar
bitration rather than by the sword
Even if it fails this time, a new ex-
ample has been set for the world.
Some similar sort of action might
have spared us the World War in
1914.
Hitler Backing Eased.
Maybe we have come five years too
late to the plan OF reason outlined to
me by Lloyd George that morning at
Churt. Five years too late, because
Hitler has banged so many doors be-
hind him in his march toward his
goal-the hegemony of Europe.
have heard some Americans say that
Mr. Chamberlain's action suggested
trucking and genuhecting to Hitler
I know the tendency Of our govern
ment has appeared to be somewhat
rightish and accommodating to the
new Germany, but I think Mr.
Chamberlain's shoulders are broad
enough to bear that criticism, and he
has certainly set an example which
will make it easier for Hitler to climb
down few steps Of the ladder. Will
he do SO?
Hitler has now certainly been put
on the spot before the whole world as
the man on whom must rest the re-
sponsibility for war or peace. Is he
going to argue that he alone is right
and everybody else is out Of step? I
am in no position to interpret the
mind of the British government, but
think it is safe to say they cannot
afford to retreat much further with.
out losing the confidence Of the
Evening star., 1938-09-18
HENLE|N ARM|NG
OWN FREE CORPS
ProcIaims Organization of
Sudetens to Fight
CzechosIovakia.
By LOUIS p. LOCHNER,

by LOI1S +. LOSfATNEn,
Associated Press Foreign Correspondent.
BERLIN, Sept. 1.-THE German
Czechoslovak crisis was pushed one
more dramatic step forward today
as Konrad Henlein, outlawed Sudeten
German party leader, announced
formation along both sides of the
German-Czechoslova border Of an
armed Free Corps" of army trained
Sudetens.
Established with the obvious ap-
proval Of Reichsfuehrer Adolf Hitler,
the free Corps" will be composed
chiefly Of men trained in the Czecho-
slovak army who have fed into
Germany. They will be drilled, armed
and organized against the day when
they may be commanded to rush
against the CZechoslovak army or
police.
For the present. however, according
to a spokesman at the German foreign
office. their function will simply be
that Of letting the Sudeten German
minority in Czechoslovakia know that
they haven't been forgotten"
To Be Formed on Border.
The Free Corps" will be formed
along the border in Germany's
provinces of Silesia, Saxony and
Bavaria and, it was stated, in Czecho-
slovakia. Newspapers carrying the
first accounts OF Henlein's action sold
as fast as they appeared on streets
throughout Berlin tonight.
Germans eagerly snatched the
papers from dealers and excited
crowds gathered on street corners to
discuss the latest development in the
Czechoslovak crisis.
The Berliner Volkszeitung, an after
noon paper which seldom publishes
more than two editions, had a fifth
edition on the streets tonight en-
blazoning: "Sudeten Germans take
up arms; Konrad Henlein calls out
Sudeten Free Corps"
Sets Forth Grievances.
Henlein announced formation OF the
armed force in proclamation setting
1orth grievances against the Czecho-
siovak government and concluding:
we therefore assume for our
selves emergency rights which nations
nave taken at all times by taking to
arms and organizing a Sudeten free
CORPS"
The proclamation was addressed to
tens OF thousands of fellow country
men" Who were forced to flee" to
Germany. Proposed size of the corps
was not Immediately learned. Most
recent figures published by the Ger
man press stated $1,000 refugees had
entered Germany from Czechoslovakia.
including. Of course, women and chill
dren. The total has been mounting
rapidly.
Dated at Asch, Czechoslovakia.
Henlein, sought by the Czechoslovak
government as traitor since his
proclamation Thursday urging union
OF Germany and the Sudeten German
regions, was understood to be in Ger
many, although the proclamation was
dated at Asch, Czechoslovakia.
The free corps" will try to avoid
bloodshed, Wilhelm Sebekovsky, Su-
deten party press chief, told a gath
ering Of Berlin correspondents tonight
when pressed for details as TO how it
would operate.
However, he said. the corps will
pursue unswervingly the aim Of 'liber-
ating' their country and protecting"
Evening star., 1938-09-18
Hy the AsSC ciated Press.

ny the AsSCcl2teQ fIe6S.
ASCH. Czechoslovakia, Sept. IT,
Most people on both sides Of this
strategic German -Czechoelovak from
tier have reached the conclusion that
there will not be war now over the
Sudeten German dispute.
They may be badly informed, but
that is what they say they believe.
Less than q week ago these people
who would be caught in the center of
a conflict between Germany and
Czechoslovakia. thought otherwise.
Generally. tension has decreased.
Certain Hitler Would Come.
The now leaderless Sudetens were
so certain Adolf Hitler was going to
enter Czechoslovakia as he did Austria
that they caused sufiicient disorders
to bring down upon themselves the
army with armored cars and tanks.
But Hitler hesitated. Their leader,
Konrad Henlein, ned. So dihmay is
spreading through the most ardent
advocates OF union with Germany.
A large majority OF the Sudetens in
this area wanted annexation by Ger
many. There are some who wanted
merely autonomy within the Czecho-
sIovak state
Along with this weeks exodus to-
ward Germany there has been an
other exodus-also of Sudetens-to-
ward Prague. They were Of about
equal size.
Party Being Liquidated.
The Sudeten party was being liqui-
dated. formally today following The
governments decree outlawing it yes
terday. The decree meant little in
Eyer, the party's national headquar-
ters, for troops already had put the
headquarters out Of business
Headquarters nominally were set
Evening star., 1938-09-18

masks, arranging for bombproof cellars,
etc.
Jewish physicians were advised
where they must serve in the event of
war. This correspondent understands
the army simply insisted there were
not enough experienced non-Jevish
doctors in Germany to cope with
major situation.
Evening star., 1938-08-23

those with the will and skill to work.
The Government owes no man q
living, yet our Government was in
stituted to secure the rights Of the
governed. which implies the right to
earn a living, not from the Govern
ment, but under system that enables
those who are trustees for producing
and distributing to safeguard a rea-
sonable standard Of living. Under the
philosophy that actuated the founding
fathers that the aspiration for equality
of opportunity is the highest ideal in
democracy, our Nation has con-
quered many difficulties and has at
tanned an eminence in world affairs
that is acknowledged everywhere.
Public opinion in America can be
counted on to condemn any minority
whether in the household Of capital,
of labor or any other unit that would
attempt through unfair practices to
secure unjust gains. Thus all plans,
purposes and policies must be thor
oughly in tune with the spirit OF the
times.
There are all the implements within
our capitalistic system to produce
what society is demanding-securit
and adequacy Of life to all who are
willing to do their share. Democracy
will not fail us If we wisely imple-
ment it and exercise in operating it
the faith and action of our fathers
who selected this form of government
|eand provided checks and balances
against injusticeS.
Evening star., 1938-08-23
ADVERTISEMENT.
Snn0thers Pain
C0rns Shed Off

Pain goes, so does corn, when you
use EZ korn Remover. Soaks through
toughest skin and softens ardest corns
until they shed right off Easy to use
works fast. Seldom fails. At drug
stores, 35e.-Adv,
Evening star., 1938-06-20
Winnipeg Prices.
WINNIPEG. June 90 tP-Grnir ranss
At principal markets today:
Baltimore ouetatjon.

BALTIMORE. June 20 uP-whest, No.
1874. s'
Evening star., 1938-06-20
Stock Averages
BY VICTOR EUBANK.
Associated Press Financial Writer.

NEW YORK, June 2O.-Stock mar
ket industrials, under the leadership
OF steels, put on the sharpest rally
in nearly six weeks today and gains
running to or more points were
widely distributed at the close.
Brokers attributed the upswing to
no particular news event, but rather
to an assortment of optimistic signs
that led many observers to conclude
the backbone of the lengthy reces-
sion may have been broken and a
forward push in business and industry
likely to get under way much sooner
than anticipated.
Contributing to this thinking was
the announcement of administrative
chieftains that the ump-priming pro-
gram would be speeded up immedi-
ately the bill is signed by the Presi-
dent.
Covering by nervous shorts. in addi-
ton to purchases by speculative forces
afraid of missing the boat" on a
recovery voyage. aided the upward
tilt. Buying orders from abroad also
were said to have been more ex-
tensive than in some time.
The list pointed ahead at the start
and. despite frequent profit taking
interruptions. continued to ride into
higher territory. Activity auickened
perceptibly, compared with the drag
eing proceedings lately. with trans
fers approximating 1,l50.OO0 shsres.
1t was the best days turnover since
early in April.
Bolstering sentiment was the Of
f1cial estimate that this weeks steel
mill operations. for the third con-
secutive week, would be higher. The
rate was placed at % per cent of ca
pacity, up 8 of a point from last
week.
Beside steel stocks. motors. cop
pers, rubbers. farm implements, mail
orders. aircrafts, oils and specialties
were notably in favor. Utilities did
better than usual and even the long,
depressed rails registered substantial
improvement.
Farm machinery shares were among
the strongest. Caterpillar Tractor
announced price cuts for tractors
and Diesel engines and other makers
were expected to fall in line.
On the curb, advances we're recorded
for Aluminium of America. American
Cyanamii "B." Creole Petroleum, Gulf
Coil, Carrier Oorp.. Jones & Iaughlin,
Lion Oil, Newmont Mining and Mead
johnson.
Evening star., 1938-06-20
FOREIGN EXCHANGES.

NEW YORK. June 20 lR,.-Rumors Of
currency imitation. in the saddle in last
weeks foreign exchange dealings. had
apparently been chased away today and
changes Of major European monies in
terms Of the dollar were mostly downward.
was connected in banking circles with
the small turnover in the London gold
market. Running counter in the main
trend was the French franc. ahead .OOh.
and the belea .OI Of 4 cent. while Swiss
francs remained UNCHANGED.
Noon rates follow:
Great Britain in dollars. others in cents
4;ass-; sG.d.y bills, 4 90. Fr.ncs de.
msnd snd 2:!e; cables 2.7e. Italy. demand.
Demands: Belgium. 1920: Germany.
aellsnd e as nsam ss;ss NcSy;S Gz;a:: sweden:
switzerland. 22.96; Spain unauoted;
PORTUGAL 4.52; Greece 91k: Poland,
1897; Czechoslovakia. 3.4Ska; Yugoslayia.
2.35: Austria unauoted; Hungary. 1885;
Rumania. .15: Argentina 80. Ion: Brazil
Gree. ,5:90n: Toxic; sa.OO; shanghai.
q son; Montreal in New York, 9g.2I1s;
New York In Montreal 1OO.7SLs.
n Nominal.
Evening star., 1938-06-20
INSURANCE SHARES GO
HIGHER DURING WEEK
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
NEW YORK. June 2O.-Insurance
stocks In the New York City market
showed little change during the last
week, according to records compiled
by Holt. Rose a. Troster.
The aggregate value Of 20 leading
hre and casualty insurance issues on
June II amounted to $51l 1856, 900,
compared with $500. 760, 900 at the
close OF the previous week. an increase
OF $2.09e.000 or 041 per cent
The current average yield Of the 20
issues Is now 4.5l per cent, compared
with yield Of 4.53 per cent on June
10. The current market value equals
S7 per cent Of reported liquidating
value, compared with 96 per cent a
week ago.
Evening star., 1938-06-20
CHICAGO GRAIN
BY the Associated Press,

d. INC hsSOCidte0 FresB.
CHICAGO, June 20-LArgely be-
cause OF attention given to advances
shown by securities, wheat rose l3a
cents bushel late today following
earlier frequent fractional declines.
Contributing to the late bulge of
wheat prices were reports Of black
rust on stems in spring crop areas.
1t was asserted stem rust Was present
in the Red River Valleys better sec.
tions east Of Valley City from Castel-
ton to Hillsboro. {,
At the close, Chicago wheat futures
were a4-li4 higher compared with
Saturdays finish. July. 7s-7sLs; corn,
IS of to Is up; July, 57ss-a: Sep
temoer. 5Sas-s4, and oats, 1s-ss ad-
Nanced.
WHEAT