davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1938-02-13
Defense
Continued From First Page.)


on disarmament, and encouragement"
Of discussion.
Senator Bone, Democrat, of Wash
ington also said the japanese note
brought some hope of getting Japan
to agree on definite naval commit
ments. But Senator johnson, Repub
lican, of California declared the whole
procedure of inviting Japan to divulge
her naval plans was foolish and that
the results justified his conclusion.
Information from Japan was sought
by the United States in a note of
February 4.
Hull Reiterates Denial.
Secretary Hull, in letter to Repre-
sentative Ludlow, Democrat, of Indi-
ana, reiterated denial of recent sug-
gestions from congressional critics of
naval expansion that the United States
had an agreement with Great Britain
for cooperation in the Pacific
Mr.. Hull said it was only natural
that this country should proceed on
parallel lines" with other governments
with which this country has common
interests and common objectives."
But the United States reserves always
"the fullest freedom of judgment and
right of independence of action" he
said.
Mr.. Ludlow, author of the side
tracked proposal to require favorable
vote OF the people before the United
States could declare war, had asked
the Secretary specifically. whether all
the ships proposed by President
Roosevelt were necessary for home
defense.
I'm my opinion" Mr.. Hull replied.
"all OF the ships and auxiliary serv-
ices provided for in the proposed pro-
gram are needed for the national de-
fense of the United States and its
possessions"
In our foreign policy there is not
any disposition or intent to engage in
warfare" (Full text of Secretary
Hulrs letter on page AS.
Vins0n Uurges Policy Statement.
Congressman generally regarded as
an administration proposal the dec
laration of naval policy recommended
yesterday by Chairman VinSon, Demo-
crat. of Georgia of the House Naval
Committee. He suggested that Con-
gress incorporate in the Presidents
naval expansion bill statement that
it is this country's policy to maintain
a fleet adequate to defend both coasts
at the same time, and that the fleet
shall not be used for aggression.
Mr.. Vinson did not propose that Con-
gress actually authorize construction
beyond the administration pending
$800,000,00O program, to provide such
fleet. He contended the declaration
of policy. would require no increase in
that program.
It was said in naval circles that tc
put Mr.. Wilson's policy into effect
and provide Navy strong enough tc
defend both the Atlantic and the Pa.
cific Coasts at once, would cost nearly
$4,000, 100000.
Belief prevailed in these circles that
defense of both coasts would require
. Navy almost twice as large as al
present.
Years would be needed to build it, II
was said.
Evening star., 1938-02-13
~ the Associated Press,
BY the Associated Press.
text of Secretary of State
Hull's letter to Representative
Ludlow, Democrat, of Indiana

os tAC nSoOSldleC HIeSS.
TNHE text of Secretary of State
HulPs letter to Representative
Ludlow. Democrat, of Indiana
on foreign policy:
have your letter of February 9
IN which you express yourself as per-
picked by 'the maze of contradictions
and uncertainties" with respect to the
problems relating to national defense
and peace, and conclude by request
ing certain specific information.
l may say that being in possession,
as you doubtless are. of the texts of
my public statements and published
communications which 1 have made
on the subject of our foreign policy
and our foreign relations, you should
not permit yourself to be disturbed by
atflrmations from other sources which
are contradictory to statements of fact
which, as a responsible official, have
repeatedly made. l have in mind
especially my statement of principles
underlying ali international law and
order and normal relations between
nations, on July Is, 1887: my state
ment of August %. 1897; my letter
to Senator Smathers of December l3,
1887; my letter to the Vice President
on January 8. 1898: and numerous
statements to the press in addition
during the past seven months, setting
forth in almost every detail our
foreign policy.
Recalls Talk to CONGRESS men.
You will recall that in addition
addressed an executive meeting of
some one hundred and fifty Congress
men one evening at the House Office
Building on all phases of our foreign
policy and invited questions at the
conclusion. If you were not present,
I am sorry. I have in addition con-
ferred with many Congressman, as I
have with numerous Senators, touch
ing any and every phase of foreign
policy in which they expressed the
least interest.
Your specific inquiry reads as
follows:
Il. Whether all of the ships and
auxiliary services provided for in the
proposed program are regarded as nee
essary for defense of our homeland
and our possessions, or
%. Whether the program contem-
plates the use of some of the units in
cooperation with any other nation
in any part of the world"
I am glad to have the opportunity
to make categorical statements in re-
gard to this matter. First, in my
opinion all of the ships and auxiliary
services provided for in the proposed
program are needed for the national
defense of the United States and its
possessions. 1t is the desire of the
people and of the Government of the
United States that this country be
not drawn into or forced into war. It
is the duty and the intention of the
administration to make effective so
far as lies within its power the desire
Of the country in this as in other re-
Evening star., 1938-02-13
GIANT WARSH|PS
.SEENFOR AMERICA
Navy Prepared to Build u.s..
000-Ton Monsters, With
18-Inch Guns.
BY the Associated Press,

By the Associated Press.
Two ships mightier than anything
in the battle fleet and possibly armed
with guns larger than any ship has
ever fired before are likely to emerge
from the new naval program.
The Navy is prepared. if need be,
to make 45,000-ton monsters, armed
with 18-inch guns of the two addi-
tional battleships which President
Roosevelt has proposed to start this
year.
Tentative plans have been drafted,
1t is understood, for capital craft up
to $4,000 tons.
If bigger American battleships
armed with bigger guns should be
undertaken, the start will be made,
officials limited, with the two craft for
which Mr.. Roosevelt asked Congress
to provide funds this year.
Work is too far advanced on the
35,000-ton, $64,000,000 sister ships,
Washington and North Carolina, for
alterations adding more than 1000
tons, it was said. Congress was told
the pair, included in the pending
Evening star., 1938-02-13

A ship armed with the same number
OF lS-inch guns probably would have
to displace $4,000 tons, officials esti-
mate.
Some officers are convinced the
United States will let the other powers
90 the initial experimenting. Their
private opinion is that the United
states may not attempt to match the
nrst 45,oO0-ton ship built by Japan or
Great Britain, or even the second.
Evening star., 1938-02-13
RUMAN|A FACING
DRASTIC reform
Carol Directs Plans for Re.
vamping Entire Gov
ernment.
BACKGROUND

DR.. Miron CriStea, patriarch OF
Rundniap ORTHODOX Church, took
oDer premiership this week after
resignation OF Premier Octauian
Gogd, tDkose sir-Deek tenure 1Dds
made stormy by concerted attacks
upon Jews. Efforts to repair DAM
age do. e to Rumania 10Y Goga in
dicated as first aim OF nep regime.
By the Associated Press.
BUCHAREST, Rumania, Feb. IL
King Carol tonight presided at a meet
ing of Rumania's new cabinet which
decided drastic steps to silence opposi-
ton, reorganize the government and
revamp the nations economic system
The cabinets decision elaborated q
14-point program promulgated earlier
In the day, promising the people JUS
tice and prosperity under the regime
Of Premier Miron Cristea, patriarch
Of the Rumanian Orthodox Church.
Three Policies Disclosed.
Moving swiftly in Rumania's turbu-
lent political scene the successors of
the anti-Semitic government of ex-
Premier Octavian Goga disclosed
three important policies:
l. A commission will be appointed
to study administrative reorganization
OF the government.
2. A commission will be named to
draft a new constitution, replacing the
document voided by Carol when Goga
was removed from Office.
3. Harmful or useless" newspapers
and periodicals will be banned, as well
as all political party activity.
Meanwhile studies were started to
fecting all branches of Rumanian in
dustry and agriculture
The economic program of the new
cabinet, including seven former pre-
miers of centrist and liberal beliefs
called for raising the standard of liv-
Ing for farmers, laborers and traders
increased taxation of the wealthy, cur
rency stabilization and balanced
budget.
These points were incorporated in
the IA points made public during the
day, which also pledged continuation
of traditional friendship with Great
Britain and France, which had slack
ened during Goga's Italo-German re-
gime.
A controlled emigration of Ruma
MAS surplus Jewish population also
was part of the governments plans
though there was evidence the bitter
anti-Jewish restrictions imposed by
Goga would be eased. There are
about 900, 900 Jews in Rumania
1t was announced "Rumania will
attempt to make international agree
ments with other countries which
claim surplus Jewish population, to
provide a new fatherland in which
Jews would like to live, and that in
vestigation of illegal citizenships ac-
quired since the World War would be
continued
Murder Plot Charged.
While the cabinet was formulating
It's new program priest, Gregori
Kristesku, member of Bucharest Uni
versity theology faculty, publicly
charged that Goga's foreign minister,
Istrate Micescu, had tried to arrange
for the murder of the Fascist leader
Cornelius Codreanu, head of Ru-
manias Iron Guardists.
He filed his charge with the public
prosecutor, alleging Micescu promised
a prefect "remunerative career" if
the prefect would kill Codreanu in the
thigh interests of the state"
The priests allegations could not
be checked Immediately. but it was
learned the Fascist leader was in hid
ing at the home of trusted friends,
Evening star., 1938-02-13

1899 naval estimates, were designed to
be Of approximately the same size.
The Navy has had ample experience
with mightier craft. It was actually
building six batleships of 43.200 tons
each and four battle cruisers Of 43.500
tons. and had others planned when the
1922 Washington arms treaty sent
them all to the scrap heap.
That operation cost nearly $20O, ,0OO,-
600, represented by the expenditure of
$l53,8l4,000 already made, plus $685.
100000 to cancel contracts and meet
other expenses, aside from various
miscellaneous outlays.
The sacrifice was much greater than
made by Great Britain, Japan or other
signatories, but was far from a total
loss. The savings resulting from the
halt Of the naval race started in the
World War have been estimated in
the billions. And Navy constructors
added materially to a store OF expe-
rience which promises to be of value
with resumption of the world struggle
for seapower in the wake of Japsns
Va lliC 1SOU LOIs.
don agreement.
Five Experts Enlisted.
To supplement that experience,
Secretary Swanson last year enlisted
board Of five engineering experts,
four civilians and a retired admiral.
1t was named October 7 to advise on
the $2,000,000 designs Of the North
Carolina and Washington, and the
members subsequently agreed to con-
tinue to serve, without pay.
The building of bigger battleships
will not mean necessarily they will be
mounted with guns larger than the
l6-inch weapons already on the post
war Colorado, Maryland and West
Evening star., 1938-02-13
Elks to Hear Hazen.

Commissioner Melvin c. HaZen will
address forum sponsored by Co.
lumbia Lodge. No IS. I. B. P. o. of
Elks, to be held from to 8 pm. today
at 30l Rhode Island avenue NV.
Police Supt. Ernest w. Brown and
Charles oliver, alderman, of An
napolis, Md, also are scheduled to
speak.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-01-14

spiritual growth cannot be achieved
In withdrawal from everyday life. The
natural" is the servant and express
sion Of the spiritual, and natural things
have a correspondence with spiritual
things. The souls salvation or men
tai health depends on a practical life
of usefulness in the natural world.
with acknowledgment of divine pow.
er which is greater than the individual
and operates through him for good.
According to Swedenborg. the
earlier Christian ideal of withdrawal
from the world and complete self
abnegation was psychologically un.
sound. In the ordinary business and
pleasures of life the personality finds
expression and growth in usefulness
to society. and in recognition of the
divine harmony that operates through
all things.
Information regarding the life and
achievements of Swedenborg will be
sent without charge by application to
the Swedenborg Foundation, New
York City.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-01-14
SWEDENBORC WAS A PIONEER
in MANY REALMS OF SCIENCE
Marking the 250th Anniversary of His Birth Plans Are
Made to Commemorate His Contributions to
Science and Philosophy

EMAN UEL SWEDENBORG. the
II 250th anniversary Of whose birth
will be observed on January 20. 1888.
was one of the great scientific pioneers
of his day. Part of his life was devoted
to a science almost unknown in his
time. psychology.
Though he lived and died before the
American Revolution. Swedenborg
evolved psychological system aston
ishingly modern in its views of the In.
completeness. answering many ques
lions only partially dealt with by psy.
biologists OF today.
Two centuries ago thinking Oh the
subject of the nature of the mind was
almost entirely confined to the philoso
piers. who produced dead and abstract
theories: they did no. base their
psychology on any practical observa
ton of nature. Swedenborg began his
study of the mind and its relation to
the body by thorough research In ply
siology. and in these studies was the
first to arrive at certain modern con.
ceptions of the functions and activity
of the brain and the nervous system.
This physiological approach is now
taken as matter Of course by modern
psychologists. who study exhaustively
the mechanisms of mental life and the
machinery which underlies our think
ing. Swedenborg. with his training as
a philosopher. was not satisfied to stop
at this point. but carried his investiga-
tions into the nature of mind or spirit
In its relation to the body. He came
to regard the body as the region in
which mind or spirit functioned In his
earlier work he wrote Of the actions
of the body in their effect on states of
mind; one volume he published treated
Of the interaction of various states of
mind.
Freud and other modern psychol
ogists have developed similar views
to Swedenborg's. that the mind is made
up of different forces and impulses and
functions on different levels of con-
seriousness; Swedenborg held the view
200 years ago that the mind functions
on different planes and that we are
usually unconscious OF most of its &C.
tivities. He neld that the practical
problem Of life for each human being
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-01-14
As porothy Thompson wrote a |

AS OOrOLny 1uOmpSou WAOeo "
few weeks ago. 1.-THE capacity OF this
country to weather another depres-
sion, before the serious social. eco
nomic and political effects of the last
one have worn off, is one great big
question mark" It is this question
mark" which is perhaps the most I'M
settling factor in the current situa-
ton.
The bulk of the experts think that
the downturn can be checked early
this winter, and turned into an up
turn In late January or early Feb
ruary, II Congress will take certain
remedial steps in the direction OF
tax reform, and more friendly at
titude toward industry.
Proposals to turn the tide are now
before Congress. Whether this trend
comes to anything will be seen short
". Congress can't do it all-but 1t
is generally believed that tangible
legislative action. especially in the
tax field, would provide the neces-
sary steam to get the industrial en-
gines turning again.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-01-14
ESTIMATE OF TOTAL NUMBER
OF JOBLEsS
Voluntary Census Gives Figure AS
Over Ten Million

Unemployment in the nation dur
ing the week ended November ~
was placed, on the basis of the Fed
eral Governments voluntary census
and an accompanying test canvass
at maximum Of 10,S70.000.
This represents 7,S22,9l2 men and
women who filed out cards in the
voluntary census, and 3,047,088 who
were added after the results of the
test census had been determined.
John D. Biggers, director of the
census, made public these figures
last week with a preliminary re-
port to President Roosevelt in which
ne expressed the opinion that the
lO,87O,OO0 total probably was toe
nigh. and that the true number OF
those who considered themselves un-
employed was in the neighborhood
of 100000.
The 100000 persons who filled
out cards included 2,001,877 emer-
gency relief workers, principally
those on projects of the Works Pro-
gress Administration and the Civil
ian Conservation Corps.
OF the 7,S22,912, 5,826,213 were
men and 1,996,69 were women. The
percentage of women in the figures
obtained in the test canvass was con-
siderably higher, which was one OF
the factors to which Mr.. Biggers re-
ferred in his statement that the max
mum figure of 1O,S7O,000 probably
should be discounted to obtain the
true number"
Although, as Mr.. Biggers pointed
out, "provable accuracy" could no,
be claimed for the unemployment
totals, the figures supplied the most
comprehensive data thus far gather
ed.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-01-14
NEWSPAPER POLL OPPOSES
CT q.

Returns from QUESTIONABLE on
.abor sent to 1885 publishers Of
weekly newspapers in the United
States by the Industrial News Re-
view show decided opposition to
John L. Lewis CLIO of unionizing.
Craft unions typified by the Amer
can Federation of Labor are favor
ed to the extent of 1928 per cent.
If the publishers replying to the
QUESTIONABLE. while a total of 91.75
per cent. of the same publishers vot-
ed against the Committee on Indus
rial Organization.
Publishers voted against the Ma
.ional Relations Act (Wagner Act)
~ a percentage of $3.50, while ap-
proving an amendment to correct al
eyed injustices contained in the act
by percentage of 91.S4.
A big percentage of votes, 1851,
vent in favor of the open shop,
where it is possible to give employ
nent to both union and non-union
workmen without prejudice to
either.
The closed shop, where contract
ugreements between company and
Inion officials bar non-union work
men, is looked upon with disfavor
by a percentage of SS.04 of the pub
ishers voting.
1t is almost unanimously agreed
97.48 per cent, that there is no need
for a political labor party such as
,eported planned by the CLIO and
which has always been opposed by
the A. F. L.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-01-14
PUBLIC GETS A BOTHERED
FEELING"

A tremendous decline in popular
ity has overtaken all kinds of strikes
and picketing in recent weeks. The
public is getting "bothered-feeling'
about interference with their plans
and comforts such as have resulted
rom strikes on bus lines, at hotels,
IN stores, and other ways. The new
General Motors, Goodyear and Foro
strikes seem to have lacked every
thing in popular support and sym
pathy.
The last of the complainers are
William Green of the A. F. of L.
and John l.. Lewis of the G. I. O.,
who have concluded that the best
they can do towards meeting condi-
ton arising from the present shrink
age in jobs is to use their efforts to
keep their union members at work
in their present places of employ
ment.
Honor Martin, president of the
United Automobile Workers Union
has led the opposition to sit-down
strikes in the same plants where he
oSssied them on earlier in the year
de has succeeded in convincing EN-
ployes of General Motors that theil
strikes against the orders Of theil
own leaders are apt to prove ruinous
to the unions.
Nobody knows better than Green
Lewis and Martin that collective
bargaining will not continue to work
successfully unless the unions are
able to keep their part of the con.
tracts. This is plain situation that
has been proved through the inabil-
ity of the U. A. w. to prevent un-
authorized strikes. The results, in
many instances have defeated at
tempts of the Lewis unions to get
any further along than to continue
the general arrangements of preli-
minary truces that were made In the
automobile strikes last Winter.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-01-14
LABOR RELATIONS

With the Ford Company Wagner
Act headed for court and with John
d. Biggers' unemployment census
showing q total Of some eight tS
eleven million unemployed, the Ma
ton Labor Relations Board releases
its second annual report. Whether
Mr., Ford's benevolent paternalism'
or Mr.. Wagner's federal Industrial
1sa4s proves legally sound, the hard
fact of thess millions Of unemployed
is something in which both Govern
ment and public opinion, both Ia
Dor and management, both senti-
ment and common sense, find a
challenge. The Labor Relations
Board, with the records of two
years. experience behind it, shows
that an increasing number Of en-
ployers are coming into cooperative
agreement with the board. Some
1929 cases were disposed of in the
fiscal year which ended last June,
and in 446 of these cases strikes
were in progress. The board reports
that as resistance deceases, its efic-
iency increases. Hence II expects
that formal proceedings, now neces-
sary in many cases, will be replaced
by informal and rapid adjustments
OF complaints" It again illustrates
that q way to prove or to disprove
the value Of public regulation is to
cooperate in its enforcement.-The
Monitor.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-01-14

Nothing much has been done to
improve the Pure Food Drug law
since it was originally enacted in
1906" protests Congressman. That
seems to furnish good reason to
check up on the existing law and
make some changes.
Evidently there is not sufficient
force in the existing laws to protect
the people of the country against
false and misleading advertising and
misbranding and protection against
death-dealing remedies.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-01-14
How Expert Lumber Jack
Makes Cuts in the Log

The expert lumber jack stands on
large logs, but behind smaller
ones, when chopping. He makes one
cut with the forward swing, then
another with the backhand-when
his cuts meet, he has a deep notch.
Beginners invariably cut this too
narrow, making for harder work.
On a fairly large log it should be
at least 10 inches wide. If the ak is
simply driven into the log, it will
stick, and time and effort will be
required to wrench it loose.
The cuts must be properly placed.
The first should be in the upper Sec
ton, and leave a little of the blade
sticking out; the next into the low
er part, again with some OF the
blade out; and the next into the
center. Lumberjacks call notch
cut like this flying cut.
For larger trees, the broken chip
cut is used-frst, flying cut, then
a single cut into one of the edges,
and then the wood Clipped out be-
tween to enlarge the notch. The
double-break cut is made by cutting
into both edges to enlarge the notch.
Then there is the box cut, keeping
one edge square. 1t is merely halt
a flying cut and half a straight up
midtown cut. It is used when fell
ing trees and cutting logs for q
cabin.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-01-14

In these very days when Congress
grapples with wages and hours legis-
lation over half of the States have
asserted their authority in the past
year and half by passing their own
employer-employe laws. Everything
seems to indicate that Capitalization
OF government is being overloaded
by its own weight.
The Mayors Of our great cities re-
Gently gathered in Washington, and
they made gestures against the in
crease of Federal Capitalization. But
they also made modest demands for
large slices Of Federal money for
their local projects.