davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1938-04-04
OIL FIRMS APPEAL
TOMEX|CAN COURT.
Ask Supreme Tribunal to
Hold Cardenas' Decree
Unconstitutional.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
MEXICO CITY, April 4.--Foreign
oil companies turned to the Supreme
Court today In a last legal effort to
recover appropriated Mexican oil hold
ings valued at more than $500, ,000, 900.
The II United States and British
owned companies built their appeal to
the Supreme Court on the contention
that President Cardenas' expropria-
tion decree OF March 19 violated the
Mexican constitution. They planned
to ask the court to declare President
Cardenas' appropriation decree un-
constitutional.
The companies argue that article q
Of the constitution authorizes only
the appropriation Of lands and waters
in carrying out the nations program
Of socialization; not personal property
such as tools, plants and equipment.
Furthermore, they allege that the
companies were deprived of their
properties, possessions and rights
without due process before the courts
and that no indemnif1cation was paid
at the time Of appropriation.
With the Mexican peso quoted at
450 to 4.60 to the dollar-a sharp fall
since the eXpropriation-the gravest
issue confronting Mexico is how to
pay for the nationalized oil properties.
Mexico already Is burdened with q
large foreign debt and her national
economy has been strained by the
socialistic agrarian program.
However, the "reaftirmation of good
relations" between the United States
and Mexico, embodied in diplomatic
exchanges last week, indicated the oil
issue would be smoothed over SO far
as the countries themselves were con-
cerned.
Observers here noted with interest
the arrival Of United States Senator
Dennis Chavez. Democrat. Of New
Mexico. who was expected to con-
fer with Mexican officials. Senator
Chavez said he was here purely for
courtesy visits" but admitted he was
concerned about State incidents of
the last few days He referred to
the Oil issue and note exchanges be-
tween President Cardenas and the
United States Government.
Meanwhile, Luis I. Rodriguez, gov
ernor of the State Of Guanajuato, was
elected president OF the new party of
the Mexican revolution. This party
succeeded the National Revolutionary
party on which President Cardenas
and his immediate predecessors rode
into power.
Workers, peasants and soldiers will
be admitted into the new party. the
organization OF which was suggested
last year by Cardenas.
Evening star., 1938-04-04
0.JAPANESE RIOT
ON SHIP IN u. S. PORT
Chinese Crew Battles Superiors
Over Illness of Three at
San Francisco.
BY the Associated Press,

BY the Associated Press.
SAN FRANCISCO. April Heads
were battered and noses bloodied yes
terday when dispute over three sick
crew members f1ared into Sino-Jap-
aneSe riot on the freighter KWang
Yuan, aboard which Coast Guards
men had to fire guns In parting Chi
nese crewmen and japanese officers.
During several minutes before order
was restored. the screams Of infuriated
Chinese and sounds of the rioting
echoed across lower San Francisco
Bay.
Capt. Joseph A. Speck Of the Coast
Guard said he was unable to deter
mine exactly what led to the outbreak,
except that it involved three sick Chi
nese creWmen, but Chinese Consul
General c. c. Huang charged the men
had been denied treatment and were
beaten by the ships japanese off,
GERS.
Evening star., 1938-04-04
Rickett Hopeful for Deal.

NEW YORK. April (Pp.-Francis
w. Rickett, British financial mystery
man'-who executed spectacular Oil
concession coup in Ethiopia before the
Italian conquest-said yesterday he
was hopeful Of a satisfactory out
come" TO negotiations for the pur-
chase of oil produced by American
and British-owned properties recently
seized by the Mexicon government.
Breaking silence for the first time
Evening star., 1938-04-04
Grew Delivers Note to japan.

TOXIC, April 4 (P).-Ambassado dor
Joseph c. Grew today delivered a
memorandum to the japanese foreign
office on the question of American ma
tlonals in China. He conferred for
half an hour with Kensuke Horinouchi,
vice minister of foreign affairs.
Japan sent notes to foreign powers
last month urging them to ask the
Chinese not to place military objects
near churches. factories and other
neutral property.
Secretary Hull declared in Washing
ton then that he had told Ambassador
Grew there rests upon American Of
ficials and other American nationals
in China no obligatio whatsoever 10
take precautionary measures requested
on behalf Of contending forces"
Evening star., 1938-04-04
W|NDOW-DRESS|NC
SEEN|NROME PACT
important Ita|ian-British
Problems Believed
Left Aside.
BY PERTINAX.

PARIS, April (N.AN.A).-That
IN Anglo Italian agreement will be
put into shape in about a fortnight
is hardly doubted here, but it Is felt
1T the same time that the agreement
1s unlikely to be more than a piece of
w1ndow-dressing.
Having parted with Anthony Eden,
his foreign secretary, six weeks ago,
Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain,
In order to safeguard his own au-
thority and prestige in Parliament and
in the country, is bound to reach
settlement with the Fascist govern
ment. and he cannot afford to be very
particular about its substance.
On the strength of information
which has been gathered from British
sources. the best political observers
in Paris are inclined to believe that
the most important problems that
have arisen during the last three
years between Italy on the one side
and Britain and France on the other
are either to be left aside or super
f1cially dealt with by the Italian for
eign minister, Count Galeazzo Ciano,
and the British Ambassador, Lord
Perth. in their Rome conversations
Demand Vital Lines Be Cleared.
For instance, the most urgent re-
Quirements of the British and French
general staffs Is that the lines of COM
munication vital for France and Eng
land In the Mediterranean should at
last be cleared of all German and
italian intruders. The only promises
Lord Perth eXacted from Count Ciano
are that Italy does not aim at creating
for herself political, territorial or
economical interests in Spain and the
Balesric Islands: that she will favor
enforcement of the British plan for
the withdrawal Of foreign volunteers,
discussed at such length by the Lon
don Committee on Non-intervention,
and that. meanwhile, she will refrain
from sending fresh troops to assist
Generalissimo Franco.
However, the first pledge had al
ready been embodied in the so-called
gentlemen's agreement of January 2,
1887, and proved rather futile, and,
as to the aforementioned British plan,
1t can be called out of date, as q
full victory for the Nationalist seems
close at hand
At least, did Lord Perth succeed
IN committing Count Ciano to the
immediate recall of all Italians. now
to be met in all parts of Spanish ter
ritory, once the Barcelona government
has been finally defeated?
Available indications are of a
rather negative character. Count
Ciano is reported to be rather prone
to discriminate between volunteers
and ''technicians." The Italian gov
eminent is willing speedily to repatri-
ate all volunteers, since they do not
do any useful work in Spain and the
Spanish war causes discomfort among
all classes of the Italian population.
But it Is not so sure that the tech
Evening star., 1938-04-04
Hitler Birthplace Youth Mecca.

BRAUNAU, Austria, April 4 LP).--
In the presence of 10000 members of
the Hitler youth movement, this birth
place Of Adolf Hitler was proclaimed
yesterday as a mecca for German
youth.
Flags representing all districts OF
greater Germany were unfurled dur
ing the ceremony conducted by Baldur
Won Schirach, youth leader.
Evening star., 1938-04-04
LABOR|TE SLAPS
FOE IN COMMONS
House Thrown Into Uproar
Before Debate Upon
Foreign Affairs.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, April Emanuel Shin
we'll, q LAborite member Of Parliament.
strode across the floor Of the House Of
Commons today and slapped the face
OF Comdr. Robert Tatton Bower. q
Conservative member, just before the
opening OF foreign affairs debate.
The House was thrown into uproar
by the almost unprecedented scene.
Cabinet ministers Indignantly shouted
at Shinwell-"Get out!" The Laborite
resumed his seat after administering
the resounding slap.
A remark by Comdr Bower to which
Mr.. ShinWell apparently took excep-
ton sounded like Go to Poland" al
though what was meant WAS not clear.
Speaker Intervened.
Mr.. Shinwell had attempted to ques-
tion Richard Austen Butler, parlia-
mentary undersecretary for foreign
affairs. The speaker htervened, re-
fusing to permit the question.
Mr.. Shinwell persisted, drawing
cries OF protest from supporters Of
Prime Minister Chamberlain. Then
came the slapping.
The disorder indicated the nervous
condition in the House arising from
LabOrite demands that the Chamber
lain government resign to permit an
election test between the Labor policy
OF collective security as against Mr..
Chamberlain's policy Of dickering
with dictators.
Capt. Edward Algernon Fitzroy,
Speaker Of the House, said both Mr..
Shinwell and Comdr Bower had
been "disorderly," and that he would
ignore the incident II they would
ted he had acted 'in At Of temper" "
apologized to the Speaker and left the
House Comdr. Bower also apologized
to the House
Fight for League Call.
The Liberal party fought for imme-
diate consideration Of its presently
tabled motion urging League Of Ma
tions> Assembly to consider action
against aggression.
Outside of the House Mr. Chamber
lain sought to reach an agreement
with the Amalgamated Engineering
Union to speed rearmament and in
sure domestic defense.
Sir Thomas Inskip. minister for CO.
ordination Of defense. placed the gov
ernment's proposals before the unions
powerful Executive Council. which
represents the largest workers organ
ization in the arms industry.
The government Is asking for the
cooperation OF workers. II this is
obtained 1t would shunt the speed up
program to joint employer -employe
conference, leaving the government in
the background.
Evening star., 1938-04-04
Canton Bans Road Back

HONG KONG, April [P).-CaNon
authorities, at the request of tho Ger
man Consul General, today banned
the American film The Road Back" "
based on a novel Of post war recon-
struction by the German, Erich Maria
Remarque, author Of All Quiet on
the Western Front"
Evening star., 1938-04-04
Strike Disorder Injures Is.

LILLE, France, April 4 R).-Fif-
teen persons were injured today when
striking employees at a Roubaix textile
factory refused to permit newly hired
workers to pass through picket lines.
The strike started last December l3
with demands for collective contracts.
Evening star., 1938-04-04
Madrid Death Toll Near 80

MADRID, April R.-Wrecking
crews today moved swiftly in the wake
Of ambulances to clear away the de-
struction from Sundays artillery
bombardment of Madrid, worst of the
civil war.
The salvage crews, modified after
the manner of fire and police depart
ments and operating by wards and
districts. had as their first concern a
search for charged wires, the replacing
Of twisted street car rails and the
Evening star., 1938-04-04
MULE NAMED KING
Town in Tennessee Celebrates
$4,000, 600 Selling Season.

COLUMBIA, Tenn, April tH}.-
Columbia's mule market, which the
folks here claim Is the largest street
market in the world, celebrated a
SO 100000 selling season today by pa
rading to the tune Of three bands
and crowning strapping 5-year- r-old
mule as king for q day"
The coronation came at the close OF
two-mile- long parade in which pretty
society girls mingled with overallec
farmers, bronzed live stock men and
dienifled land owners to ride mules.
Evening star., 1938-04-04
MUM to Sign Contract,

HOLLYWOOD, April 4 (R.-Paul
MUM, winner Of the Academy Of Mo-
ton Picture Arts and Sciences award
for 1887. said yesterday he would sign
a new long-term contract with War
ner Bros studio.
Mr.. Muni had planned to free lance
or do his acting on picture-to-picture
basis.
Evening star., 1938-04-04
GERMAN CZECHS PLAN
US. COTTON BOYCOTT
Demand Jewish Movement to
Stif1e Sudeten Trade to
America Be Stopped.

BY tie Associated Press.
PRAHA, Czechoslovakia, April A.
An official press release Of the Sudeten
German 'pro-Nazi) party declared to-
day that unless a Jewish boycott in
the, United States against Sudeten
German goods was stopped the Ger
mans in Czechoslovakia the party rep
resents would cancel their orders for
United States cotton.
1t said they would meet their needs
in Egypt. india and elsewhere.
1--WE warn the Department Of Com
merce in Washington, the release said
II asserted a Jewish boycott started
in the United States soon after the
unitication Of practically all Germans
in CZechoslovakia under Konrad Hen
leln became fact with the dissoltl-
ton OF minor German groups.
Evening star., 1938-04-04
Historical Unit to Meet.

The Board Of Managers Of the
Columbia Historical Society was sched-
uled to hold its monthly meeting at
4:45 pm today i'll the society's library
room in the National Savings and
Trust Building
Evening star., 1938-04-04
Judge CaYtou to Sneak.

Judge Nathan Cayton of Municipal
Court will speak on the Small Claims
Court at luncheon meeting of the
Associated Retail Credit Men of
Washington tomorrow at 1890 pm. at
Woodward d Lothrops.
Evening star., 1938-04-04
Spain
Continued From First Page }

government tanks and a body Of 1O,-
600 men advanced along the right
bank Of the Segre River through
Lerida and collided with the Moors
and Foreign Legionnaires.
The insurgents held firm under thu
assault, pushed back the militia anc
took possession of the key points ol
the city, running up their flag in the
cathedral tower.
1nsurgent tanks and armored cars
rumbled through the city, shedding a
blaze OF machine-gun fire on the
houses and the winding streets where
the militia still fought.
This morning, inSurgent dispatches
said. virtually the entire city was oc-
cupied, although some points Of re-
SlstAnce remained, and the insurgent
troops famed out, taking villages on
either side Of the Barcelona highway
Just east Of Lerida.
Guerilla Warfare Wased,
The militia still waged guerilla war
rare against the insurgent advance
guard, striving to slow the advance
until the new government line Of de-
Tense could be reinforced between
Baiaguer and Borfas, cutting the high
way about II miles to the east.
With the governments natural de-
fenses crumbled down before Tortosa
the insurgents had only flank attacks
from the hills and the lesser frontal
resistance to face there in the march
down the Ebro River Valley.
The government counter-offensive on
the Guadalajara and Teruel fronts see
sawed under the raids of insurgent
planes, with slight progress reported
against insurgent lines.
The exodus to France Of government
refugees, military and civilian alike
persisted. Frontier officials said 5.44O
militiamen had arrived at Bagneres de
Luchon and been repatriated, 258 OF
them to insurgent Spain via Hendaye,
and the others to Catalonia via Cebere
Preferences Asked.
Every refugee militiaman to cross
the border was asked by French au-
thorities secretly to state what Span
ash territory he preferred, and all but
the 258 elected to return to govern
ment Spain to fight until we die
against the Fascists."
Singing and with clenched fists held
high, Gen. Juan Gallo led the men
back to the homeland from Cerbere
after many visited briefly with wives
and children they had not seen in
months. The women and children
came from refugee camps where they
are living until the war is settled.
Several thousand civilians were sent
to concentration in the interior, leav.
ing only 280 at Bagneres de Luchon
but new influx was awaited with
lifting of storm over the Pyrenees
Barcelona, the provisional capital
remained calm in the face of the in
surgent offensive. Food became scarce
but the general situation was not des-
perate.
A Barcelona communique said gov
ernment troops beat back an insur-
gent threat to Tremp, Barcelona.
source Of electricity, 81 miles north
Of Lerida.
Evening star., 1938-04-04
Sabotage Laid TO Anarchists
Hood Ordered tO Rarcelona

LONDON, April 4 LP).-The British
admiralty today ordered the AZ, ,lOO-ton
battle cruiser Hood to proceed to Bar
celona to help in any evacuation of the
Spanish government capital which
may be necessary.
Evening star., 1938-04-04

filling Of craters caused by the huge
torpedo-like shells, which rained on
the city from heavy stationary in
surgent batteries in the former Royal
Park west of Madrid.
Death Toll Approaches 50.
The death toll approached SO today
More than 200 were injured, and at
least 308 buildings were damaged,
some heavily, by the large caliber shells
which appeared to have been shot from
| marine guns.
So far as could be learned, no re-
sponSible officials or political leaders
fed the city.
During the sheling residents at
the only hotel still open for foreigners
watched f1remen bravely risk a hail
OF shrapnel to fight a department
store fire, caused by direct shell hit,
The victims mostly were caught by
the first shells. before they could take
cover The missiles, something over
1000 in all, came streaming down
into crowded sections Of the city's
boulevards for hour and rs minutes,
Aim to Ruin Morale.
The bombardment brought from
Madrid authorities the thought that
1t was designed to destroy civilian
morale IN connection with the insur-
gent drive through Aragon and toward
the Mediterranean.
The attack came when q maximum
number Of civilians were summing alone
the boulevards, unaware of the sudden
danger and unprepared to take to
cover.
More than 1000 persons on the
streets in one place ran into the
basement OF fashionable restaurant.
A shell fell on balcony and ripped
away most of the building.
The office building housing the As
sociated Press Bureau was hit. but
damage was moderate. Two persons
were killed and five injured in a
central theater where part of the
roof fell in.
Sabotage Laid to Anarchists.
PEHlGNAN, France. April 4 R.-
Gen. Pablo Martinez. Spanish govern.
ment militia commander, today as
serted Anarchist agents setting fire
70 buildings and destroying houses
with explosives had complicated efforts
70 check the insurgent advance.
he arrived here with 800 govern
ment militiamen, most of them MEM
bers of his 133d Brigade rear guard
assigned to the Benasque sector Of
the Spanish Pyrenees.
Dissension caused by Anarchists in
the government ranks, the general
declared, resulted in insurgent victo-
ries which forced government troops
| to flee.
Evening star., 1938-07-09
b0RROW|NGSR RISE
IN ASSOCIATIONS
FOR NEW HOMES
May Proves Biggest Month
Since Last October for
Construction Purposes.
PURCHASE OF HOUSES
ALREADY BUILT LEAD
League Figures Indicate Improved
Demand for Building in
Near Future.

People borrowed more money from
savings. building and loan associa-
IONS to build new houses this past
May than they had in any month
since last October, the United States
Building and Loan League reported
today. Citing the new high figure
OF $27,484,200, E. c. Baltz, Washing
ton, league president, estimates that
1t was borrowed for 8,70O new homes
For this new construction and other
purposes as well, all mortgage loans
made by associations in MAY were
up to $s2, ,126,800, slightly trailing
the April total loans and still 23 per
cent behind May, 1887. Mr., Baltz
indicated that there was q similar
tapering on In May last year az
compared with April volume, and also
IN 1886. 30 the months all-around
performance Is not looked upon as a
serious set back In the forward move.
ment which got underway in mort
gage lending in April.
Trend Alters Slishtly.
Ever since February, between 30
and 81 per cent Of the building and
loan credit supplied to American
families has been for the buying of
(see BORROWINGS, Page B-2)
Evening star., 1938-07-09
Automatic Stokers Save.

When non-hquid fuel Is used In
either commercial buildings or multi
family structures the installation of
an automatic stoker viii effect q con-
siderable savings, as well as assure .
uniform heat at all times,
Evening star., 1938-07-09
Trend to Modern Ideas Sh0,un
In Designing Small Houses
Aim to Get A,Uay From Stereotyped
Styles Noted IL, Plans Submitted
in Contest by architects.

A distinct trend toward modern de-
sign for small homes Is revealed today
by the publication in the July issue
of the Architectural Forum magazine
Of some so plans from the recent small
house planning competition conducted
jointly by the magazine and the
American Gas Association.
All of the 26 prize winners, as well
as the other published plans, are
modern designs for houses containing
$4,000 to 24,000 cubic feet and $4,000
to $4,000 cubic feet. They were Sc
lected from the $50 designs submitted
In the competition, which in general
showed "a determination to get away
from stereotyped designs for homes,
to be definitely creative instead of
merely reproductive of long-used
types"
1T is at once obvious that the
contestants have given much thought
to the living needs that homes should
Evening star., 1938-07-09
Route for Reaching
Home on Exhibit
In Lyon Village

The Colonial-type house which
will be opened to the public to-
morrow at 1884 North Hartford
street, Lyon Village, may be
reached by driving over the Lee
highway from Rosslyn to North
Highland street. just past the
Lyon Village ONCE. Turn left and
continue on Twentieth street two
blocks to North Hartford street
and the house.
Built by F. e. Westenberger
from plans drawn by Kenton d.
Hamaker, architect, the home will
be open tomorrow and the fol-
lowing Sundays during the exhi-
bition period from 10 in the
morning until 8 at night. On
week days visiting hours are from
l to 3 pm. The house is COM
pletely furnished.
Evening star., 1938-07-09
NEW HOUSE SALES
HOLD ABOVE 1887
Home Building Also Spurts
as PA Dwellings Are
Started in Month.

For the third successive month
new-house sales in Washington have
exceeded sales during the same period
in 1887, according to the Washington
Business Review, published by Rufus
S. Lusk.
In June $50 new houses were sold
in Washington, compared to 129 in
June, 1887, and 1876 in June, 1896.
Due to this comparatively brisk mar
ket the number Of new houses that are
now available in the Capital has been
steadily going down for the last i've
months. At the present time there are
less newly completed houses on the
market than there were on the 1st
Of last July.
June also witnessed a considerable
squirt in new home construction, 224
new houses were started, including Is
by the Alley Dwelling Authority. This
exceeds the number that were started
in June, 1895 and 1897. Because of
the larger number OF new homes now
under construction it follows that
there will be an increase Of houses
available for the market In October.
So many new homes have not been
sold in one month since the middle
20s. when sales reached as high as
400 houses in one month.
The neW-hoaIse sit1,atioy, In wo.b
ington has been improving steadily
for most of this year. The month-by-
month increase OF new houses On hand
stopped IN February. However, If the
building Of new homes goes ahead dur
ing the next four months at the pace
set In June, it means that during next
winter the number of new houses for
sale will be considerably greater than
are on the market at the present time.
Evening star., 1938-07-09
Building Congress
To Hear Ihlder on
Housing Program

John mlder, executive oficer Of
the Alley Dwelling Authority, will
describe the housing program
planned by his ONCE at the July
meeting Of the Washington Build
ing Congress, which will be held
Monday at 4::30 pm. In the La
fayette Hotel. The authority was
given new life last month when
Congress passed . bill amending
the act which originally Gre
ated It.
Mr.. Ihlder has Just returned
from . meeting sponsored by the
Land Utilization Committee Of
the New York Building Congress,
during which problems affecting
housing were discussed. Follow
ing Mr.. Ihlder's talk Monday
there will be q discussion period.
The congress announced the
following new members: r. E.
Espey, George A. Ford. 8. M. VIII
liams, Howard Eales, o. r. Evans
q Bro, Inc; E. w. Shinn, r. D.
Watson, H. H. Steck, w. H. ST.
monson and Frank Lee.