Evening star., 1938-12-19
By the Associated Press.

| By the Associated Press.
LIMA, Peru, Dec. 19.-The text OF
the speech of ALT M. Landon, Re
publican presidential nominee in
1886 and a member of the United
States delegation to the Eighth Pan
American Conference, which was
broadcast to the world yesterday
| follows:
In order to meet a problem we
must first understand it. We must
be willing to face the facts without
fear or hesitation and judge them
without being blinded by emotion
or high minded desires.
Events in any one of these Ameri-
can States inevitably have conse-
quences in the life of the others.
Hence, in speaking to you about the
affairs of this region. I am speak
ing of something certain to affect
the course of American life.
There is conflict going on right
now within many countries to the
south of us. Communism, Nazi-ism
and Fascism are waging vigorous
and aggressive campaigns to gain
positions of influence and control in
our sister republics to the south of
the Rio Grande. In this war many
instruments are employed: Propa-
ganda for arousing of prejudices of
particular groups and sometimes the
use of purposeful economic arrange
ments. That these are the instru-
ments instead of bayonets does not
make it any less real and dangerous
to democracies.
What many people do not appre-
clate is that commerce under COM
pletely controlled arrangements has
potential meaning and effects far
different from those of ordinary
private commercial arrangements to
which we in the United States are
accustomed. Each day drives that
fact home more clearly and compels
our attention. These controlled
states can and many times do dis
regard private profit calculations
and even long-run economic benefits
in an effort to extend their political
influence or control. This tends in
that way to increase the possible
area and occasion of diplomatic
conflict.
Leadership Duty on Us.
The duty of leadership in the
maintenance of democracy plainly
devolves in large measure upon
us. We must fulfill this leadership
vigorously and fearlesSly. I think
we can be confident in the long run
that neither Communism nor
Nazism is going to succeed anywhere
in this hemisphere. The spirit of
liberty it too strong Nevertheless,
this struggle of Fascism and Com
munlSm is matter of great moment
to us. Unless we in the United
States have become SO soft that we
no longer are concerned as to
whether other countries get foot
hold in this hemisphere, the time
has come when in common with
other American republics we must
take account of these activities in
serious and practical way. This
means going beyond mere words
and gestures.
We need only to review events of
Central Europe to see the effective
ness of these new methods of pene-
tration or control when used for ag-
gressive political purposes Their
economic setup has enabled the
central powers to get where they are
today, even though it be temporary
by monopolizing production and
business for political purposes. To-
ward these changes in Europe in
themselves We have no primary re-
sponsibility, but observing them, all
of us must guard carefully against
similar effects in this hemisphere
especially when accompanied by sub
versive propaganda. We all wish to
conduct enlarged trade with all the
world. and differences in circum-
stances produce differences in meth
ods and types of trade. But I sug-