davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1938-12-27

he has stolen doesn't quite grasp the
attitude Of the oil ofncials who re-
fuse to talk about q compromise.
The oil men point out that although
the sum Of 81, ,000, 600 is involved in
the conflscation, the principle in
volved In the sensational action and
in the false charges Of fraud are
more important than the threat OF a
81, ,000, 900 loss. The Bolivian poll
tician cannot conceive anything to
be more important than a pecuniary
loss Of that dimension. So she Is
here at this conference seeking
little sympathy, but Bolivia, like
Mexico, has been snubbed.
u. 8. Confidence Bolstered.
The tendency OF practically all
the delegates has been to sidestep
the fight on United States capital
and to bolster up the confidence of
the big neighbor on the north, rather
than tear 1t down.
Mexico goes back home realizing
that her Latin neighbors have not
stood by her steals and that she
must get together with the smiling
and gentle Mr.. Hull on something
that will appeal to the common
sense, self-respect and business ac-
ceptability of the American public.
1t is probable that all Latins
dream of the day when their coun-
tries may appropriate all foreign
property and own their own shops,
but they desire to accomplish this
end under an orderly process of
international law which requires the
prompt compensation to rightfuI
owners for any property taken over
by the government.
Before this aim can be reached
years must pass, because Latin
America has neither the money with
which to pay for appropriated prop
critics, nor the skilled personnel with
which to carry on the useful func-
tions of these projects, made possible
only by our heavy investments and
managing abilities and, of course,
these dreams may be Influenced by
the future course of events in Mexico
and Bolivia.
Dictatorships Varied.
It's a mistake to put relationships
all in one class down here. In Mex
leo it means communism and a de-
parture from all the traditions of
fair play and common justice. 1t
means disregard of all rules of the
game which capitalism has played
in the name Of democracy for gen.
GRAFTON after generation.
Down here most of the states have
a dictator form of government which
has held worthy traditions, seeking
ITO emphasize the ambitions of de-
mocracies and coming as close to the
realization Of those broad principles
as is consistent with the practical
situation, where 80 per cent of the
governed are incapable of self-gov-
eminent. The dictator governments
therefore have caught the obliga-
ton through the years to govern
with justice, to be paternal rather
than political, and to be acceptable
to the masses, ignorant though they
may be.
communism such as Mexico cher
lshes, has nothing to do with the
desire OF these governments to prac-
tice elemental justice and to con-
form with humanitarian standards
(copyright 193sJ
Evening star., 1938-12-27
Mrs. Hull Plays Major Role
In Achievements at ina
Supplements Work
Of Husband at
Conference
BY ANDRUE BERDING,

Associated Press Foreign Correspondent.
LIMA, Dec. 27-Mrs. Cordell Hull,
wife of the United States Secretary
of State, has played a role at the
Lima conference, which in the opin-
ion of United States delegates, was
of great political value.
Now that the conference is closing
the story can be told of the un-
tagging efforts of Mrs. Hull to sup
plement the work of her husband,
who was involved in seemingly end
less negotiations for a continental
solidarity declaration.
The 67-year-old Secretary felt he
must conserve his strength for the
tense work which finally brought
the declaration after day and night
consultations. AS consequence he
cancelled all social engagements ex-
cept those for events given by the
President and Foreign Minister of
Peru or by the American Club.
Mrs. Hull represented her husband
day after day at receptions and
other events, keeping in contact with
the wives of other heads of delega-
tions. BY her presence she showed
the United States interest in Peruv-
ian developments and the work of
other delegations.
She attended all plenary sessions
Evening star., 1938-12-27
Mrs. Ellen T.. Rossiter
Funeral Tomorrow

Mrs. Ellen G. Rossiter, u, widow
OF Capt. James T. Rossiter, formerly
OF the District Fire Department,
died Sunday at her home, 5521 Thir-
teenth street NV, after a long
illness.
Funeral services will be held at 9
am. tomorrow in the Nativity Cath
olic Church. following brief services
at the residence. Burial will be in
Mount Olivet Cemetery.
A native of Cecil County, Nd,
Mrs. Rossiter had been a resident
Of this city the last Sc years. Capt.
Rossiter, following his retirement
from the Fire Department, was a
fire marshal in the United States
Government service here. He died
in 1892.
Surviving Mrs. Rossiter are six
sons, John A., Charles j., Francis j.,
Joseph E., Arthur G. and William
w. Rossiter; daughter, Mrs. Ann
r. Crawford, and q granddaughter.
Evening star., 1938-12-27
Spain
Continued From First Page. }

c.
government stronghold in North
eastern Spain.
On the fifth day of Insurgent
Generalissimo Francisco Frances
offensive casualties on both sides
were well above 10000 of the 100000
total of fighters.
An exact record of ground won
by the drive was obscured by COM
muniques fatty contradicting each
other.
In the north, however, Gen Fran
cos mountain troops appeared to
have taken the town of Vilanoya
de Meya, at the end of an improved
highway leading to Artesa, "the kew
to Catalonia" "a miles northeast Of
Lerida.
In Southern Lerida Province. &C
cordlng to insurgent radio bulletins
issued under strict censorship, the
Franco command was said to have
announced the capture of Borias
Blancas, about 35 air miles from
Tarragona and 16 miles southeast
of Lerida.
This village, unimportant in itself,
would give Gen. Franco a foothold
on the broad national highway be-
tween Lerida and Tarragona, there
by disrupting government COM
munications and supply lines.
All advices from government Spain
fatty denied the insurgents were
even within field-gun shot of Borjas
Blancas.
These reports declared Gen
Frances men had been unable to
go beyond Cogull, tiny town in the
heart of the Urgel Hills 10 miles by
air from Borjas Blancas.
Furthermore, government advices
declared the Barcelona troops still
held the important town of Grana-
della under the shadow of the Llena
Mountains that form a barrier
between Tarragona and Lerida
Provinces.
Despite the conflicting commu-
niques, however, Gen. Frances OBJ
jectives have become clearer to
observers on the border. After he
broke through government defenses
in two of the four main points at
tackled, he fell back on his usual
tactics of biting off chunks of ter
ritory by quick, hard thrusts and
then reducing them with strong
cleanup" squads.
Evening star., 1938-12-27
Hun's Principles
Of Peace Embodied
In Lima Declaration
OutIowing Of Force Use
Given New Strength
By Resolution
b. the Associated Press.

~ eAie AooSSAosSN AScos
The peace resolution adopted by
the Pan-American Conference 1T
Lima, Peru, embodies basic United
States principles Of foreign policy
and constitutes a ringing challenge
Of power policies Of dictator gov
ernments.
Force was outlawed anew as an
instrument Of international policy
and tearing up of treaties banned, q
copy Of the resolution transmitted
to the State Department here shows.
The action constituted an immense
personal triumph for Secretary Of
State Cordell Hull, who thus sue
ceeded in covering the entire West
ern Hemisphere-21 sovereign gov
ernments-with the fundamental
principles of international policy he
outlined July 16, 1887, as this coun-
try's position on international prob
lens and situations in which the
United States felt deep concern"
Hull Enthusiastic About Action.
The conference acted Christmas
Eve, but belated reports of the real
significance of the action reached
here only last night. Secretary Hull
was understood to feel the action
was OF supreme importance.
The conference decided to pro-
claim, support and recommend, once
again" eight principles to be es-
sential to the achievement of preser-
vation OF world order under law.
Nearly every one of the principles
thus proclaimed contains a chal-.
lenge to power policies now being
used by Germany. Italy and Japan
IN relations with their neighbors.
Principles Are Listed.
The principles follow:
l. The intervention of any State
In internal or external affairs of
another is inadmissible.
2. All differences of international
character should be settled by peace
full means.
3. The use of force as an instru
ment Of national or international
policy is prescribed.
4. Relations between States should
be governed by the precepts of inter-
national law.
S. Respect for and the faithful
observance of treaties constitute the
indispensable rule for the develop
ment of peaceful relations between
States, and treaties can only be re-
vised by agreement of the contract
ing parties.
Peaceful Collaboration.
6. Peaceful collaboration between
representatives of the various States
and the development of intellectual
interchange among their peoples is
conducive to an understanding by
each of the problems of the other
as we'll as Of problems common to
all. and makes more readily possible
the peaceful adjustment Of interna-
tional controversies.
T. Economic reconstruction con-
tributes to national and interna-
tional well-being, as well as to peace
among nations.
8. International. cooperation is a
necessary condition to the mainte-
nance of the aforementioned prin-
cipleS.
Evening star., 1938-12-27
Jopon's Dead in China
Is Reported A,733

SHANGHAI, Dec. 27 (P).-Jap-
anese imperial headquarters today
announced 47,133 japanese have
been killed during II months of
Chinese-Japanese warfare.
In the same period the announce
ment estimated Chinese losses at
100000.
Battle lines zigzagging through
China were stalemated, though in
tense guerrilla fighting ocurred to-
day behind the lines concurrently
with nebulous rumors of a New
Year truce.
The rumors were based on a
mysterious visit by Wang Ching
wei, former Chinese government
official, to Hong Kong where it was
said he would confer with JAP
anese representatives.
Evening star., 1938-12-27
u. S. Scores Victory at Lima
On Protection of Property
Mexicon and BoIivion Delegations Fail
In Effort to Rewrite international Law

Former United Stctes Senator
Henry J. Allen of Kansas. er-
perienced newspaper and maya
zine correspondent, is Writing a
series OF background articles on
the Pan-Americdn Conference
tor The Star. He is publisher of
the Topeka State Journal.
Evening star., 1938-12-27

of the conference. She sat in the
diplomatic gallery while her hus-
band made two formal speeches.
She received and returned formal
calls from the wives of other dele
CATION heads. She went motoring
four or five times with Sonora
Concha, wife of the Peruvian for
eign minister, and met the wife of
President Benavides several times.
Evening star., 1938-12-27
Chang Denies Wang
Goes 10 Hong Kong
For Peace Farley
Illness Declared Cause
Of Departure From
Chuneking
Py the Associated Press.

~ kLc ASstSldbCo 1lcSS.
CHUNGKING, China. Dec. 81
illness rather than any official mis-
sion to talk peace with Japan was
said today by Chinese officials to
have caused the departure OF Wang
Ching-wei, former chief Of the Chi
nese executive yuan.
Generalissimo Chang Kai-shek at
a meeting of West China political
leaders yesterday reiterated this ver-
sion of Wang's visit, which has
aroused intense speculation that the
former government official might be
initiating peace efforts either off,
cially or privately.
Disturbing heart symptoms" were
said by the generalissimo to have
caused Wang, leader of the so-called
peace party, to go to Hanoi, French
Indo-China, for treatment.
(Hong Kong sources said he
was expected there soon and in
Shanghai reliable foreign
source reported he would con-
fer with japanese representa-
tives in Hong Kong)
Praising Wangs past services,
Gen. Chang declared his present
journey has not the slightest con-
nection with the (Chinese) National
Military Council nor the national
government.
"As regards anything new con-
corning the supreme issue of peace
or war, the life or death of the
country. it is impossible that I per-
sonally or a member of the Govern
ment party should not hear of it
beforehand
Wang Ching-wei will surely dis
play spirit of cooperation to share
responsibility for surmounting the
national crisis"
Authoritative Hong Kong circles
believed the generalissimo's disa-
voWal that Wang was on any official
truce mission reflected fears he
might embarrass the Chungking
governments foreign relations by
negotiating with the Japanese.
Chlangs praise of Wang was seen
by these sources as a ce-saving"
device to enable him to return to
Chungking.
Evening star., 1938-12-27

pTOLcCClOn 10 the
property rights
OF our citizens
who have in
vested in Latin
America.
1t ism t SO
much a victory
of right over
W ng as of
right over left.
The efforts that
have been made
by the commit
tees to reWrite
| n t e rn ational
! q W SO tn a t
creditor nations
Evening star., 1938-12-27
British Steamer Sunk
In Barcelona Air Raid

BARCELONA, Dec. q P).-The
1,407-ton British steamer Stancroft
was sunk today in the first of two
raids by the insurgent air force on
the city and port of Barcelona
The Stancroft's crew suffered no
casualties.
Evening star., 1938-12-27
BY HENRY J. ALLEN

L1MA.-Apparently the United
States is emerging from the Pam
American Conference with at least
negative victory in the matter Of
Evening star., 1938-12-27

All shipyards In Hong Kong,
China, are workins ut capacity.
Evening star., 1938-12-27

32 school antor caught his right hand stoker punger
inside hot Whing pain struggled half
with penkne saving through manged wrist flesh
fearing death bleeding Mary Egan nurse
did such good job doctors merely cleaned bandged the
stump. A. p Wirephoto
Evening star., 1938-12-27
Lima
Continued From First Page.)

Washington would side with Great
Britain and France If they should
be attacked by relationships.
Nozis See Lima Talk
A Failure for u. s.
Evening star., 1938-03-15

OF acceptance carried q clause prayine
for future amendment Of the economic
Terms OF the act in accordance with
the expressed views OF the President
OF the United States that Inequalities
IN the act would be examined and
corrected later.
Commonwealth Inaugurated.
But the Commonwealth was inau.
gurated. Sovereignty was not altered
the Islands remain until 1945 in fu,,
allegiance to the United States. In
the meantime the problem has broad
ened. Treaties concerning the Orient
have been violated. Over the major
area Of the Orient famine and pes.
thence and bloodshed are raging. Our
open door policy has been more than
seriously challenged. Our policy of
freedom OF the seas and freedom of
the air Is in the balance.
And what Of the Philippines? Thev
have come to the crossing of the roads
The events of the last year have given
many thoughtful Filipino leaders an
object lesson and food for thought
Perhaps, suddenly, but they hope not
too late, many have come to realize
that independence, however attrac-
tive from a spiritual viewpoint, may
mean mere trade of sovereignties.
They realize that the laws-United
States laWs-excluding Asiatic imnai-
grafton could scarcely be enforced by
an independent small nation in their
Evening star., 1938-03-15

health. With all seriousness, no ma
ton in the world can boast Of 10 grand
q monument.
But a problem has arisen and one
which we alone can solve. You recall
the two policies which have de-
scribed. Politically we brought the
Islands through progressive steps to
the verge OF independence. Eco
nomically we brought the Islands
through progressive steps to almost
complete dependence upon our mar
kets. On one hand we sought to sever
the ties, on the other we chained them
ever closer to us.
The problem arose from the insistent
repeated requests OF the Filipino lead
ers during the 20s and early 30s to
fix a nearby date for Independence
but for independence with contin-
uation, at least in part and for q con-
siderable time, of the economic pro-
lection We have granted them. They
also wanted naturalization or Amer
lean military protection, If they could
get 1t. Here at home, groups repre-
senting American producers and in
vestors who found duty free Philippine
products in competition with their own
products, quickly took advantage of the
desire of the Filipino leaders; brought
pressure to bear on general policy, and
sought to obtain for the Philippines a
nxed date Of independence but without
economic protection thereafter.
Now, I have no quarrel with the
lobbies. They were open and above
Evening star., 1938-03-15

board about 1t and behaved as well,
or better. than do most lobbyists.
There was some competition and more
threatened. However, there were or
setting American advantages which
were not properly presented to the
people. For example, the annual value
Of cigarettes, wrapper tobacco and to-
bacco machinery, which we sell to the
Philippines, generally equals and
sometimes exceeds the value of cigars
which we buy from them. The annual
value Of the farm products-wheat
flour, condensed milk, dairy and meat
products-which American farmers
sell to the Philippines, exceeds the
value Of Philippine coconut oil sold
for use in margarine. Philippine sugar
has never replaced an ounce OF beet
sugar-it has replaced q quantity Of
Cuban sugar. One can go righs down
the line and point out the many
instances of trade reciprocity which
our lobbyists neglected to mention.
The combination Of Filipino lead
ers interested in independence and
American lobbyists joined by sincere
believers in self-determination at any
cost, and by a few isolationists. re-
suited in the Hare -Hawes- Cutting In
dependence Act OF 1882. This act
sought to solve the problem of fixing
the date of political independence 10
years later: by providing immediate
quota limits on duty free Philippine
sugar, coconut oil and cordage; pro-
viding for 10-year period of transit
Evening star., 1938-03-15

ton under an autonomous common
wealth; providing for increases in
duties on Philippine goods from S per
cent in 1941 to rs per cent in 1945:
providing for 100 per cent duties be-
ginning at the moment Of independ-
ence, and finally providing that the
act should not become law until ac-
cepted by the Philippine Legislature.
The act had rough going in the
United States. It was vetoed by the
President and then repassed over his
veto. When the act arrived in the
Philippines it had still rougher going
The Ninth Philippine Legislature met
and rejected the act. Many thought
that was the end Of 1t. But in 1884
other Filipino leaders came to the
United States and tried to get better
bill--one that would be more protec-
tive OF their economic interests and
more clearly define the political DOW
ers Of the Commonwealth Govern
ment. In this they were blocked; no
better terms were available. So, the
rejected Hare-Hawes- Cutting Act was
revived with no change in these re-
spects. though 1t was renamed the
Tydings-McDuff1e Independence Act
and tho clause providing for Amer
ican military bases after independence
was stricken out. The Tydings-Mc-
Duftie Act was promptly accepted by
the same Ninth Philippine Legislature
which had just previously rejected the
Hare-Hawes- Cutting Act. 1t should
be said, however, that the resolution
Evening star., 1938-03-15

at that time which threatened to be-
come competitive with American pro-
duction. The plan was to create an
economic couple" between the moth
erland and the colony in such manner
that both would prosper and neither
be damaged The arrangement was
healthy. Both American and Filipino
producers and laborers prospered.
1t is to be regretted that this policy
of complementary economy was not
continued for long. In 1918 Congress
removed the limitations on sugar and
tobacco and granted unlimited free
trade between the United States and
the Philippines. This fact and the
heightened demands of wartime re-
suited in an overwhelming develop
ment Of production Of sugar, coconut
oil and other commodities which after
the war came into competition with
the normal supply Of like commodities
produced in the continental United
Evening star., 1938-03-15

duties. This period, 1899 to 1909, may
be termed a period of independent
economy. The Philippines traded with
other countries as much as it did with
us and its trade was in close balance.
There was slow but steady develop
ment based largely on indigenous
economy.
Economy Policy Changed.
When 1909 came around and Amer
lea was released from its obligations
to Spain, the policy of independent
economy was changed to one of COM
Elementary economy. Congress adopt
ed the policy of limited free trade
between the United States and the
Philippines. The goods of both areas
were freely traded, except that the
quantities of sugar and tobacco prod
ucts which could enter the United
States free of duty were strictly
limited These were the only two COM
modities produced in the Philippines
Evening star., 1938-03-15

States itself. Thus the period from
1918 to 1884 Is termed one Of COM
petitive economy. Philippine industry
and government revenue were directed
into artificial trade channels. Arti-
f1cial because the trade was supported
only by the fact that Philippine goods
entered the American market free and
there commanded high price because
we imposed high tariffs on the same
or similar goods from other countries.
So far as actual dollars and cents
go 1t was fine time for the Philip
pines. Trade doubled, trebled, quad
rupled. The balance of trade with
foreign countries was negative, but
that with the United States was great
enough to wipe out all losses and pro-
vide In some years net favorable
balance OF between 40 and so million
dollars-an amount about double the
public debt Of the Philippines; an
amount equal to one and q half times
the annual budget; an amount almost
equal to the average annual circulation
OF money in the Islands.
Export Trade Flourishes.
The profit has not been all on one
side. American export business to the
Islands has nourished. It rose steadily
and the Philippines has come to be
the ninth best customer Of the United
States, purchasing from so to 70 per
cent OF her requirements from Amer
lea. The Islands are Americas larg-
est export market for wheat flour,
cigarettes, butter, condensed milk, cot
ton cloth, galvanized iron sheets and
a host Of other items. Her consump-
ton preferences have been pretty
thoroughly Americanized, thanks to
energetic American business pioneers
there. Her citizens have learned to
like American things, from food and
dress to motor cars and movies.
Today the Philippines is the only
bright. prosperous spot in the Orient.
Its people enjoy the highest wages and
best standard Of living in the Far
East. The deadly tropical diseases
smallpox, cholera, bubonic plague
which long decimated the popula-
tion-have been wiped out. Thou
sands Of miles of good highways are
maintained. Bridges have replaced
bamboo RATS. The budget is balanced.
Taxes are the lowest in the world. The
reserve behind the currency is 100 per
cent. The per capita national debt is
less than 81. Schools and hospitals
dot the jungle and plain. We built
well in the Philippines. Our work is
q monument to American idealism and
enterprises living monument of 15.-
100000 rescued from tyranny, rebel
lion, ignorance, poverty and disease,
and set upon the path OF free govern
ment. peace, education, prosperity and
Evening star., 1938-03-15

Continued on Page Alb, Column -
Evening star., 1938-12-28
AUTOMOBILES FOR SALE.

heater: months old. 5000 miles only;
sacrifice. 1895. Call Col. 3075. Dealer.
WILLYS 4-cyl. 1887 sedan. blue finish,
best condition. famous economy; only one
14th and Pa. ave. Sc. Lincoln 49O9.
WILLYS 1887 de luxe sedan; two to
choose from; both cars turned in by origi-
nal owners. $349; trade and terms.
Evening star., 1938-12-28
LOTS FOR SALE.

LUZON AVE NEAR 10th ST.
Only S1350; beautiful detached lot;
500 underpriced. Republic O226
SPECULATION-ON 10th ct.
Corner. 121x120: 1852 SO. IT, Assessed
for S10703. Price, $1,000. Republic O226. .
BUILDERS S-ATTENTION-NE 18th ST.
% u beautiful detached lots S1.15O
each. ca 10th st. corner. $4,000. Rep.