davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-02-10

The Quota club will hold installa- tion ceremonies for it's new officers Saturday night at a dinner meeting at the colonial room, Hotel Elton. Miss Edna Crandall of New Haven, district governor, will be guest. Mrs. William T. Leggett will speak. Eight members of the Torrington Quota club are expected to attend.
 Mrs. Lela Cotter is the new presi- dent of the club. Other officers to be installed are: First vice-president,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-02-10

The requirements for light double are about two and one-half honor tricks, shortness in partners suit, and some reasonable prospect of a trick in the opponents trump suit. A typical light double was made by North in today's hand.
 North opened the 10 of spades and continued the suit when his partner signalled with the encour- aging nine. South won the second spade and laid down the ace of hearts. Upon seeing his partners eight spot, South continued the suit and ruffed the third round.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-02-10
SNOW BRIGHTENs RUGS

Did you know that snow would bring color back into rugs and make them look like new? If your rugs have a rather faded appear ance take them out and turn them face down in the snow. Then brush them. You will be amazed to see how bright they are when you turn them over again.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-02-10

The so-called Tight double is an- other of the comparatively new de- velopments in the Culbertson sys- tenn. A light double is a penalty double of two of a minor suit or one of any denomination. Such a double may be made more freely than of any higher contract because even if the double should prove sour, declarer will still not score game.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-02-10
CONTRACT BRIDGE
 By VIM. E. MCKINNEY Secretary of the American Bridge League

Light Penalty Doubles With Two and One-Half Honor Tricks Defender May Try to Sc ta Two
 Rid in Minor Suit
The Waterbury Democrat., 1938-02-10

SOLUTION TO PREVIOUS CONTRACT PROBLEM
The Coolidge examiner., 1938-11-17
International

Japan once offered an excuse for
her Chinese aggression. To COM
plants that she had violated the
nine-power treaty guaranteeing Chi
mas integrity. Tokyo used to an
swer that she had taken no terri
tory for annexation, therefore had
not violated the treaty. If someone
charged her with violating the Kel-
logg-Briand pact against war, ia
pan answered that the pact said
nothing about defensive war; by
some mysterious definition, Nippon
regarded her Chinese conquest as
defensive proposition.
Now that China is conquered, ia
pan feels safe to abandon excuses.
Tokyo has stated officially that it
may be necessary to repudiate the
nine-power pact, which is almost
tacit admission that she has both
violated and abandoned the Kellogg
BRAND accord. Moreover she has
named the turncoat Chinese war
lord, Gen. WI Pei-Fu, as leader
of a new central Chinese govern
ment which combines the old Man.
king and Peiping units. Though an
The Coolidge examiner., 1938-11-17

Although U. S. department of ag-
riculture officials admit export sub
sides are not very effective in re-
ducing wheat Surpluses, the govern
ment has committed itself to ex-
porting 100, 900, 600 bushels by next
July. OF 400O0,000 bushels thus far
exported, l6 millions have been aid
ed by subsidy payments from the
federal surplus commodities corpo-
ration. All such sales have gone
through regular trade channels.
But wheat export has become a
disgusting business. Since every
wheat-producing nation seems to
have a surplus this year, the export
market is glLtted. In early Novem-
Der, Liverpool prices were the low
est since 1933-34. At such a time,
the real purpose was obvious when
AAA's Francis A. Wilcox left for
Europe ostensibly to study agri-
cultural conditions" Observers are
betting that Mr.. Wilcox is really
tempting to find European buyers
The Coolidge examiner., 1938-11-17
Bruckart's Washington Digest
President Promises Legislation
To Relieve Railroad Situation
Thoroughgoing determination of Rail Problems ES.
sentia to Finding Reasonable Solution; Competition
Cuts Earnings; Public Has Responsibility to Bear
By WILLIAM BRUCKART
WNU Service, National Press Bldg, Washington d. C.

and lack Of public good will remains
to curse the carriers that operate
over steel rails.
So, there is first the need for
national acceptance of the good faith
which most of the railroad manage
ments now display. The public must
give credit where credit is due, and
the public has tremendous respon-
sibility to bear in connection with
this phase.
Next, and without doubt one of
the really important phases, is the
question of continued subsidy, both
direct and indirect, that has been
given by the government to compe-
tltlon of the rail lines, competitors
like the bus and the truck and the
automotive industry generally.
There can be no lodging the fact
that this subsidy exists under vari-
Gus guiseS, and the great motor in
dustry which bred busses and trucks
and private automobiles by the mil
lions stands as monument, a
marker, showing where that subsidy
was distributed The thousands of
miles of hard roads, all-year roads,
are a part of the subsidy that went
to competitors OF the carriers, and
who can say that such an expendi-
ture by government was not one of
the greatest steps for progress?
The Coolidge examiner., 1938-11-17

nexation is not mentioned, China
has been absorbed economically and
politically by Tokyo.
The U. S. has been most stern in
its protests, since Great Britain is
too busy appeasing dictators to
speak up in defense of her Chinese
stake. To Secretary of State Cor
dell Hulls demands now come surly
replies that the u. S. had better
keep its hands off China or Japan
will take retaliatory measures"
This state of affairs is probably
behind the latest U. S. anti-dictator
outburst, more outspoken than its
increasingly outspoken predeces-
sors. Sumner Welles, undersecre-
tary of state, has given the world
fresh notice that the U. S. is ready
to protect not only itself but all the
western hemisphere from 1.-The doc
trine of hatred" now threatening
civilization.
The new American policy, a Ia
Welles: LAS a nation we will as
sure ourselves that we are in a posi-
ton to defend ourselves from all
aggression from whatever source it
may arise, and to be prepared to
join with our fellow democracies of
the new world in preserving the
western hemisphere safe from any
threat of attack"
Heaped atop this plea for western
hemisphere consolidation will be the
eighth Pan-American conference,
opening December in Lima, Peru.
Observers expect U. S. delegation
headed by Secretary Hull to fur
nish plenty of ear-burning thrusts
at Japan, Italy and Germany.
The Coolidge examiner., 1938-11-17
Domestic

Last June 10 the U. S. business
index (fgured on a normal of 1000
stood at about 76. BY November 8
it had risen to 80 and as a result
retailers throughout the country an
ticipate as big a Christmas shop
ping volume as last year. Actually.
it should be better, because last
years November index-while COM
parable to this year r'S-was definite
ly on a down-hill slide that did not
stop until well after January l. On
every financial page in the country
there are encouraging signs, most
important of which has been re-
employment in the automobile in
dustry. New York's auto show.
touching off an unprecedented vol
ume Of motor sales, has given
strength to most commodities. The
only pessimist in this picture has
been the weather man, whose Indian
summer lasted well into November
and thereby blocked the normal
upsurge of retail buying.
The Coolidge examiner., 1938-11-17
--Weekly News Review
y. S. Turns to 'Price Policing
In Anti-Monopoly Campaign
-Esy Joseph w. La Rinp-

for U. S. wheat. and that the gov
ernment may enter business as di-
rect exporter of wheat.
Meanwhile. Secretary of Agricul-
ture Henry A. Wallace received en-
couragement for his domestic
dumping farm program which con-
gress will debate next January. Call
ing for government subsidy of sur
plus farm products for home con-
sumption, the program has received
endorsement of objective" from
Idaho's Sen. William E. Borah. De-
nouncing the economic puzzle that
let's Americans starve in a land of
plenty, Mr.. Borah said: II am in
formed that 25 per cent Of our young
men between the ages Of II and 25
would be unfit for army service in
case of war because of the want of
nutrition during their youth"
The Coolidge examiner., 1938-11-17
Legislation to Relieve
Railroads Up to Congress

The problem was, thereupon, left
in Mr.. Roosevelt's lap. He called
in the representative of the rail
arrangements and the leaders of the
unions. The rail executives were
willing to call off the proposed wage
cut, if there were any way to be
found to keep the railroads from
going bankrupt-more than half Of
the mileage being already in the
hands of receivers. Union leaders
reiterated they did not want to strike
and they did want the railroads 70
get on their feet, because it meant
jobs. j. J. Pelley, spokesman for
the rail lines, asked then what the
government could or would do, and
Mr. Roosevelt promised legislation.
So there we are today. There will
be no strike There will be consid-
GRAFTON of rail legislation in the next
session of congress that will be de-
signed to help the railroads so they
will have at least as much income
as expense. And it will be sup
ported by Mr.. Roosevelt's admins
tration, by the railroads and by the
railroad unions.
But 1 am wondering whether the
country as a whole is fully aware of
what is behind the troubles that
formed the immediate basis of the
news developments recorded above.
And I am wondering further Wheth-
er the shock of the strike threat
has awakened the country as
whole to the need for thorough
going re-examination of the situa-
ton in which the railroads find
themselves! Because it is in the un-
derlying conditions that we are 60
ing to find a solution None can deny
that we need rail transportation;
none can deny that they either must
operate without losses or else they
are going to be left in the lap of
the government, and what terri
BILE mess that would be, for govern
ment seldom runs anything without
making a mess of it. The rail prob
lem, its relation to other forms of
transportation, the public interest,
national policy, all must be threshed
out very soon. 1t can not be longer
avoided without increasing the dan
gers of genuine national suffering.
The Coolidge examiner., 1938-11-17

A dolls wardrobe for a regula-
ton IA and 18 inch doll is easily
made when the little dress is just
two identical pieces coat and
tam mainly in stockinette stitch.
Use up your leftover wool! Pat
tern 1903 contains directions for
making coat, tam and dress
shown; illustrations of them and
of all stitches used; material re-
quirements.
Send IS cents in coins for this
pattern to The Sewing Circle,
Needlecraft Dept, 80 Eighth Ave-
nue., New York, N. Y.
The Coolidge examiner., 1938-11-17

WASHINGTON.-I believe it can
be said that most readers of news
papers digest their news rather
slowly. 1t is not their fault en-
tirely that the full significance of
news story escapes them even
though it may be spread under black
headlines on the front page. Nor
do l mean to say that all readers
are lax It seems to be true, never
theleSs, that days or weeks or even
months and years may pass some
times before the intangible person
ality that we call 1.-The public" has
considered fully the significance OF
reported events.
Existence of this condition, how
ever, is warrant for an attempt at
analysis of what has happened, what
is happening, and what is likely to
happen in the railroad industry.
Perhaps that statement should have
added to it the suggestion also that
there will be something affecting the
public, too, in connection with the
recent series of incidents and events
directly concerning the rail indus
try. Indeed, prospective develop
ments portend even more.
There were, of course, the many
dangers of a financial character
with which the railroads were be-
set. There followed the attempt Of
railroad management to reduce ex-
penses by a program cutting wages
of the workers by Is per cent, and
there came almost Immediately
thereafter the dread specter of a
strike threat by the million or more
rail workers who are highly union
lied. After that, in the sequence Of
events was President Roosevelt's
utilization of the law providing for
consideration of the differences by
fact finding commission for the first
time.
1t is necessary only as a further
review to recall that the fact find
ing commission heard days of testi-
mony and reported to the President
that a wage cut was unjustified.
But the commission made no con-
structive suggestions. AS matter
of fact, it added nothing to the total
of human knowledge, but it got
lot of publicity for its findings.
The Coolidge examiner., 1938-11-17
Business

Government prosecution of COM
oinations in alleged restraint Of
trade was known as ''trust-busting
in the days of President Benjamin
Harrison. In 1890 the Sherman anti
trust law began hacking at financial
octopi in what was shown to be a
legitimate campaign to keep Ameri-
can industry from killing itself by
muShroomed growth.
Modern trust-busting is an out
growth of the New Deal. It's in
tended victim is not the monopo-
listic trust of bygone days, but usu-
ally a group of powerful corpora
tions which dominate an industry.
But though the 1888 model trust
buster can be credited with success
Q7 victories, II cases still pending,
out of AZ filed since March 4, 1889
he might also be charged with max
ing political capital of his job.
Thus it has been limited that So
licitor General Robert H. Jackson,
once an assistant attorney general,
The Coolidge examiner., 1938-11-17
Religion

u. S. diplomatic relations with the
Vatican were broken off 70 years
ago on the ground that the Papal
state no longer had a territorial do
main and therefore did not deserve
diplomatic status. Two years ago
when Catholic Postmaster General
James A. Farley was granted an
audience with the Pope, there were
rumors that diplomatic relations
might be resumed. Not unnoticed
is the spacious new Washington
headquarters being built for the
u. S. apostolic delegate, nor the fact
that President Roosevelt entertained
Chicago's Cardinal George Munde-
lein when the latter stopped off en-
route to Rome. Since U. S. Ambas-
sador to Italy William Phelps dis
played unusual assistance to Cardi-
nal Mundelein on his arrival in It.
ally, and since the visit has drawn
wide attention among Catholic
churchmen, it is possible that U. S.
Vatican diplomatic relations might
be on the mend. Certain it is that
Pope Plus XI sees eye to eye with
Washington on what Secretary of
State Cordell Hull calls ''interna-
tional lawlessness."
The Coolidge examiner., 1938-11-17
Public Has Tremendous
Responsibility to Bear

When consideration of the various
phases of the condition gets under
way, if it is done thoroughly, con-
gress must give attention to re-
vision of some of its long-established
policies. They are basic. When l
am talking about the plight of the
railroads, I am, at the same time,
condemning to the very core some
Of the high-handed brigandage, thiev-
cry, corruption, that went on among
so-called captains of industry few
generations ago. That stealing, that
corruption Gn which politics figured
amazingly put the railroads in dis
repute as an industry. But most of
that has ended. The highly respect
ed interstate commerce commission
saw to that job. Yet, the stigma
The Coolidge examiner., 1938-11-17

joined the antitrust crusade last
year largely in the hope of winning
New York's Democratic gubernato-
rial nomination. If politics was the
inspiration for some antitrust suits.
these same suits have now become
such hot potatoes that a vanished
political purpose does not justify the
justice department. dropping them.
One possible example may be the
trust case against the Aluminium
Company Of America.
To date this year-old investiga-
ton has failed to uncover much ex-
cept a re-hash of testimony and evi-
dence from the 1885 federal trade
commissions probe, and a private
litigation of a decade ago from
which the company emerged with
clean bill of health.
Today's antitrust division of the
justice department has 80 lawyers
compared with Is in 1888, handling
monopoly cases and proceedings
connected with 81 other major acts
of congress. Trust-busting boss is
Thurman Arnold, whose fetish is in
vestigating the price policies of in
dustry. Says Mr.. Arnold: I'VE are
being forced to take control of in
flexible price structures and coer-
cions in restraint of trade today just
as in 1888 we were forced to take
control of the financing and market
ing of securities"
Much interest now centers in the
justice departments newly inaugu-
rated suit against Delaware's Co
lumbia Gas & Electric corporation
for allegedly "conspiring to monopo-
lie" the natural gas industry of
Kentucky, Ohio, West Virginia and
Michigan. But in accordance with
his probe of price policies, Thur
man Arnold is probably more inter-
ested in OIL Since crude oil prices
recently plummeted in the wake of
alleged over production by refiner-
les, both the President and Mr.. Ar
mold favor program for state con-
troll over oil production and refin-
ing.
Harking back to the trust-busting
days when Standard Oils case first
made the U. S. monopoly-conscious.
the new probe will examine every
phase of the oil industry from pro-
duction to marketing. Though oil
men will welcome an intelligent gov
ernment program to stabilize crude
oil prices, observers fail to see great
consistency between this program
to raise prices, and other monopoly
quizzes which prosecute men for
allegedly raising prices.
The Coolidge examiner., 1938-11-17
Still Coughing?

No matter how many medicines
you have tried for your common
cough, chest cold, or bronchial irri-
tation, you may get relief now with
CreomulSion. Serious trouble may
be brewing and you cannot afford
to take a chance with any remedy
less potent than Creomulsion, which
goes right to the seat of the trouble
and aids nature to Soothe and heal
the inflamed mucous membranes
and to loosen and expel germ
laden phlegm.
Even if other remedies have failed,
don't be discouraged, try Creomul-
sion. Your druggist is authorized to
refund your money if you are not
thoroughly satisfied with the bene-
fits obtained. Creomulsion is one
word, ask for it plainly, see that the
name on the bottle is CreomulSion,
and you'll get the genuine product
and the relief you want. (Adv0
The Coolidge examiner., 1938-11-17
Air Transportation NoU
Steps Into the Picture

Lately, air transportation has
been expanding with remarkable ra-
pidity. No nation in the world has
such efficient air service, nor as
safe air service, as is to be found in
the United States. 1t is carrying
increasing amounts of freight and
express; it is transporting thousands
upon thousands of passengers. These
passengers are of the type, general
ly speaking, willing and able to pay
for the luxury train service which is
profitable when the trains are filed.
These air lines are benefting from
government subsidy in several
ways. The air mail doesn't begin
to pay its way; the government
makes up the difference by con-
tracts that call for stated pay
great air fields throughout the coun-
try! The bulk of them are built at
public expense. True, the air lines
pay for the privileges of the field,
but does anyone think that the air
lines could afford to spend $40, 0,000,-
600 to build such field as that which
serves metropolitan New York?
Funds for it came largely from a
federal government grant. The
same benSficent Uncle Sam is put
ting out several millions at the door
step of the national capital here to
build proper airport.
There are other things that could
be taken up and set apart to show
how the government has helped
competitors of the rail lines in most
practical fashion. Questions of tax
alton, grade crossing construction
of an expensive character forced
upon the carriers, requirements for
terminals of luxurytype construc-
ton and so on. believe it unneces-
sary to recount them. Those that
have been enumerated serve to
show where the trouble is. 1t does
not show the answer, but I believe it
points the way to an answer. The
answer, as l have mentioned above,
certainly can not be found, however,
unless there is genuine study of an
unselfsh sort undertaken by con-
gress.
Western Newspaper Union.
The Coolidge examiner., 1938-11-17
Monster of Competition
Cuts Railroad Earnings

OF course, road construction was
necessary. 1t was vital. The ma
tional policy for good highways can
only be praised. Yet, their very
existence is one of the reasons why
the railroads income has fallen off,
or, more properly, the normal in
crease in receipts was not realized.
We see, therefore, a great monster
of competition set up with money
from taxpayers pockets The rail-
roads long have been the most heav-
lily taxed of any industry, which is
to say they helped pay for creation
of competition.
There was the creation of the in
terstate commerce commission
some years ago as a unit of govern
ment for supervision of the rail
lines. 1t was, and is still, needed.
But its existence, too, has held down
rail earnings. This has resulted
from the control of rates. No rail-
road is permitted to charge more
than rate approved by the 1. c. c.
While the competitors were creep
ing forward, under governmental
blessing, the l. c. c. was saying to
the rail lines: You fellows obey
our orders, or else"
Subsidies out of taxpayers pockets
have gone to build up another COM
petitor, also. l refer to inland wa
terways and to coastwise shipping.
This means of transportation has a
value that hardly can be measured.
1t is as much part of our national
economic life as the highways and
the attendant motor transport. But
it exists, and it is able to operate
as competitor of the railroads, be-
cause of a paternal government that
made things easy and gave help
ing hand wherever it could do so.