davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1938-09-26
Eurobe's Minorities
World War Reduced Those Living Under
Foreign Yokes From los 5,20O,OOO to
000-Problem Unsolyed.

Of minorities. often with opposite re-
suits.
Propaganda from the home country
has beat steady rhythm within itself
and to tlie particular minority against
the so-called injustices of the peace
treaties-for example: Germany to the
Saar. Poland, Czechoslovakia; Austria
to South Tyrol: Hungary to Cxechoslo-
vakia and among its own people.
Blood has continued to call to blood,
or has been encouraged or exploited
to do 80, as 1t has done In centuries
Of Europe's tragic history. Where .
postwar treaty may have satisfied
one racial group, it may have put
another on the wrong side Of another
frontier. Poland. for example. Poland,
partitioned time after time. finally
was unified and made independent
by the World War treaties. But to
give Poland her desires the treaties
gave Poland the largest minority group
in Europe, TOO. 900 Russians, 100000
Germans. 100000 Jews, $4,000
Lithuanians and others to make g
total Of $4,000 aliens in 4 popu.
lation Of approximately 5000, 900.
CSechoslovakia also was given 4
large bloc OF minorities.
That is why there is 4 Czechoslovak
crisis. But 1t conceivably could have
been = crisis involving some other
racial unit In one Of Is other European
states: In South Tyrol, for example,
which, with 425.0O0 German-speaking
people. Italy got from Austria after
the World War.
After that warm which Germany,
Austria Hungary. Bulgaria and Tur-
key fought or severed relations with
% nations-Austria was reduced to
1855 square miles. with 6,534, 900
inhabitants. compared to some u.s.
1000 previously.
Austria gave up lO4, ,s42 square miles.
War-born Csechoslovakia got Bo.
hemia. Moravia and Austrian silesia
from Austria and Slovakia and Ru-
thenia Sub -Carpathian Russia) from
Hungary, which relinquished 80, 766
square miles and more than $4,000 900
inhabitants.
In all, the proud Hapsburg empire
Evening star., 1938-09-26
BY VINCENT sHEEAN.

PRAGUE. Sept. rs (N.A.N.A.).-The
inhabitants Of Prague are experiencing
days that try mems souls.
Dark nights and anxious days have
silenced speculation. No Czech now
debates the infinite complexities and
involutions Of international politics
or what will happen If somebody does
this or that. All are waiting with
resolute and infiexible calm the orders
Of their government. Whatever these
may be, they will obey.
The impression Of fortitude given by
the people of this city since the gen.
eral mobilization order of Friday night
Is very striking. Every man. woman
and child has something to do and
does it. Boy scouts-they have been
mobilized-are directing the trafhc Of
blue-lighted cars in the darkened
streets. Each has his gas mask OF gray
tin strapped over his shoulder.
No Noise or Fuss.
Women and old men are taking the
place of mobilized men In various
services and doing we'll At it. The
proclamation of military readiness, :"
issued today. tells each citizen to stick
to his Job. whatever 1t is, until he has
been definitely ordered to do otherwise.
There are no demonstra tions, no noise,
no fuss. The city and the surrounding
district are prepared for whatever
may come
During the whole past week Prague
has been 4 vivid illustration of the
Evening star., 1938-09-26
CITIES BOMBING
! IN WAR DOUBTED
Fighting Planes to Be Too
Busy at Front, Maj.
Phillips Says.
~ the Associated Press.

=! tine Associated Press.
Fighting planes will be too busy a:
the front to spend much time terror
izing civilian populations, and tanks
Will be one Of the chief offensive
weapons in "tomorrow's war;" Mai.
Thomas r. Phillips, instructor at the
Command and General Staff School
It the United States Army, wrote yes
terday in the. Infantry Journal.
Tomorrow's war will start as the
World War ended-with continuous
front-and end as the World War
started-with maneuver," Mai Phil
lips predicted.
Other things being equal, the ma
ton with the greatest stocks of war
material. or, in their stead, q war in
dustry ready to turn out ammunition,
aircraft and tanks as fast as they are
used. will win.
"Germany's greatest strength for
war does not lie in its army of a mil
lion men, but in an industry rapidly
expanding to equip an army suddenly
increased from 100000 to a full mil
lion men with more than a million
reserves"
The nature Of democratic govern
ment and the pacific inclination" of
democratic peoples make industrial
counter preparation for a war on
tomorrow's scale practical impos-
sibility, Maj, Phillips declared.
He said the most potent allies Of the
United States are two great oceans.
Behind those barriers we alone
among the great nations may have
time to organize our army and prepare
It's industrial support" he continued.
Maj. Phillips warned that forces of
subversion" would fight in both the
lines and in the factories during the
next war.
Evening star., 1938-09-26

gave up ~ named localities of various
sizes to Cschoslovakia, Poland, Ru-
mania. Yusoslavia and italy.
Germany lost Polish silesia, Po-
morse Che Polish CORRIDOR, Danng,
Memel. schleswig, Eupen and NAL
medy, Alsace-Lorraine and, tempo
rarily, the saar Basin.
Dissatlsfactien Net General.
All these transfers, OF course, did
not create dissatisf,ed, schemine nil
noritiks. Some went back to coun-
tries they considered home. seme
liked their new rulers. Some were
benefited economically.
Some became fostering political
wounds. like the saar and Carinthia in
Southern Austria before plebiscites de-
cided their disposition. The Free City
Of Danzis was long political bomb
shell.
Nazi Germany has accused Czecho-
slovakia of mistreating Czechoslova-
kia's German minority of roughly 81
1000 persons-out Of 4 total popu-
lation Of $4,000, ,000-by limiting their
language. educational. legal, public
office rights. Czechoslovakia has de-
MED most Of these accusations, and
points out that the Sudeten Germans
were allowed their. own Nazi-supported
political party until the present crisis
became acute. Some observers con-
tend Czechoslovakia has, treated its
minorities rs well as any country has
and perhaps better than most. They
say no country is wholly without re-
proach In the matter and point to
Germany's treatment OF the Jews.
Csecheslovak Divisisn.
The Czechoslovak minorities, on the
basis Of 1923 figures. were divided
thus: German. 80 per cent OF the
total population; Magyar (Hungarian), 4,
5.S per cent; Ruthene, 81: Jew, IA;
Pole, 0.6. The Germans were divided
among the five sections of Czechoslo-
vakia thus: Bohemia, 80 per cent;
Moravia, 20.9; Silesia, 40.5; Slovakia,
~: Ruthenia. IT.
Poland and Hungary have Joined
with Nan Germany in demanding the
return Of their respective minorities.
About 10 per cent Of the Hungarian
population Of s.662 900 ESTIMATED. in
1920 are minoritics-Germ Slo-
vaks. Croatians. Rumanians, Ruthen-
ians and Serbians.
Germans aliens" number about l..
00O, 900, mostly Poles in Silesia. Neither
Poland nor Hungary nor Germany has
made = move to return any OF It's
own minority groups to another
country.
Evening star., 1938-09-26
MILLIONS FIND
''Let Light up a Camel''
puts more JOY into living

Terrell Jacobs, lion trainer, and ''Tony" Concello,
circus aeriahst (righD, both Let up-light up
Camel animals can spring into action - then
reax," says Jacobs. 1--WE are derent-apt to get our
nerves all wound up with our tense way Of living
can't let 60. find that Cames soothe my nerves"
''Terrell's right" Miss Conceo says. "When my
nerves are tired, Camel helps them to rest"
Evening star., 1938-09-26
CzECHSPRESERVE
|NFLEX|B[E CALM
All Are Waiting ResoluteIy
to Obey Orders From
Government. {

Conditions in Prague, Dith the
horrors OF ,Ddr seentnoly draw1ng
rdptdly closer. ores described here
BY a noted American author and
JoFei0n correspondent. The ,Drfter
OF "Person0l History" and other
best sellers, Mr.. Sheean gained
,oorld-U -Uide recognition for his
coUerd0e OF the sDar in the Ri6
several years ago and has since
tOritten on many aspects OF the in
ternational political scene.
Evening star., 1938-09-26
By A. d. STEFFERUD.

Associated Press Foreign Correspondent.
NEW YORK. Sept. 26.-This week
may tell whether Europe is to wage
another Of q long line Of conflicts
whose basis, treatment Of minorities,
is much like that of the World War.
The World War reduced from an
estimated los. .200,O0 to 81, ,OO0, 900 the
number Of Europeans living In hatred
or fear of hope in countries other
than their homelands.
1t caused the redra wing of many
boundaries supposedly on ethnic or
language lines and made-or altered
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Of Czechoslo-
vakia, Austria, Italy, Yugoslayia, Hun
gary, Poland. Estonia. Latvia, Lthu-
ania and Germany largely at the ex-
pense of Russia and the Austro-H Hun
garian empire.
But the war, its treaties or sub
sequent plebiscites hardly solved the
explosive problems OF irredentism,
chauvinism, homesickneSs, NATIONAL
ism, self-determination. The reasons
are diverse and subject to many in
terpretations.
Nationalism Hits Trade.
Rulers have found minorities fertile
fields for seeds of political ambitions.
Nationalism has restricted trade. Eco
nomic entities like much of Austria
Hungary were split up and parts
separated from sources of supplies or
market outlets and routes. Peoples
have retained their previous identities.
Governments have curtailed aspects
like education, language and religion
in attempts to hasten nationalist ton
Evening star., 1938-09-26
1nsurgent Drive Stalled.

HENDAYE, France (at the Spanish
frontier). Sept. rs (R.-Bad weather
and strong government resistance ap-
peared today to have stalled the In
surgent effort to reconquer the Ebro
salient In Eastern Spain.
Government and insurgent com.
muniques agreed the front was quiet
except for isolated, minor encounters.
Evening star., 1938-09-26

TINE DOG pictured above is relaxing
i resting his nerves. He has a nervous sys-
TEN amazingly similar to yours, with this dit-
tt,tner: 1t is the nature Of the dog to rest when
he needs rest. 1t is the nature of mankind
to drive on until nerves jerk and twitch. ..
until you are cross and irritable. tired out
yithout knowing it. No matter which form Of
Evening star., 1938-09-26

One Chinese province, Kiangsu,
slightly smaller than Kentucky, has
= population of more than $4,000, 900.
Evening star., 1938-09-26

Steel ingot production in Germany
is expected to reach 2,000, 900 tons 4
month.
Evening star., 1938-09-26

IA. d. Ste6erud OF the Ne,D York
cable sta6 recently returned from
four years In the Berlin and Vienna
Associated Press bureaus. From
Berlin he ,oas among the first to
write OF the past rearmament pro-
gram Of Germany. From Vienna he
covered the annexation BY Ger
many. During his period abroad
he made a tour through the
"minorfties countries" dsalt Nth in
the Jolloipin0 story.)
Evening star., 1938-09-26
Irish Setter

Native Of Ireland. First imported to America about
1875. Believed be Of English setter. spaniel
and pointer. Originally red and white in colons Todays
standards call for sohd mahogany red OF rich golden
chestnut. Essentially gun dog Bold, hardy, yet re-
markably gentle nature. Noted for long life.
The Washington times., 1938-02-17
Government Rights
Match Employees in
Retirement Dispute
CiUH Service Chiefs Tell Hearing U s. Should
Haze Same Option as That of Its Workers

Sharp differences of opinion proposed changes the
Civil Retirement Act and the principle governing retire
of Federal employees developed today hearing before
the Senate Civil Service subcommittee aternatve
sponsored empoye organizations and the Civil Service Com
The Washington times., 1938-02-17
500 Isolated
ViLLGgersFed
'ByArplGne

TAHOE CITY, Cal. Feb. II
G.N.S0 Five III ndred snow
bound residents Of this High Sier-
ra region today ate their first
fresh vegetables and meats in 20
days.
A TWA plane circled the near.
by golf links last night and drop
ped several hundred pounds of
food.
Two dozen men on skis kept
watch for the plane for several
hours, having been advised over
the lone telephone circuit still
open that an emergency supply
of food was enroute.
In the darkness, they failed to
see the plane drop its cargo.
After the plane had circled the
golf links several times and
droned away toward Reno, search
ers spotted a crate of vegetables
in a tree. The other crates then
were located deep in snow drifts.
The food shortage had become
so acute at the little hamlet OF
Glenbrook, a tiny resort on Lake
Tahoe's shores, that a horse was
killed so residents might have
food.
The Washington times., 1938-02-17
ADVERTISEMENT
Lose Bad Breath
Keep Your Friends

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In spite of all that has been written
about bad breath, thousands still lose
friends through this unpleasant fault.
Yet sour stomach with its resultant
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cause loss Of appetite, early weakness,
nervousness, and mental dullnesS.
So keep regular. And if you need to
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That's why millions use this laxative
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aYour liver secretes from 20 to 30 ounces Of
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helping keep you regular, contain an ingre-
dient which definitely assists in the secretion
Of bile. That is one Of the reasons why Olive
Tablets have unsurpassed ahectiveness.
The Washington times., 1938-02-17
p. O. Halts Mail
To Sweeps Agents

Hopes of hundreds of Ameri.
cans that they might find the pro.
verbal pot of gold at the end Of
the Irish Sweepstakes received a
setback last night when the Post
Office Department put a fraud"
ban on 100 reputed agents for
sweepstakes tickets. The fraud or.
der was issued against IS individ.
uals In Cuba, n in ireland, 16 in
Monaco, and II In France. Post
masters were ordered to return
any mail addressed to the persons
named, and to refuse to issue
money orders to them.
The Washington times., 1938-02-17
Laurel Loses
Wife No. 3

HOLLYWOOD, Feb. II 0.N.SJ.
I'VE still love each other, but
and with those words, the romance
of Stan Laurel, the weepy film
comedian, and Illiana. the Russian
singer, crashed on the rocks to,
day.
Illiana, who married Laurel in
Yuma January /, is his third wife.
She moved out Of the swank
Laurel apartment and had taken
a small place of her own for the
time being.
She said she didn't know
whether she would seek a divorce
or not, but admitted theiI
marriage had been "one sour note
after another"
The Washington times., 1938-02-17
Y. F. W. to Present
Holiday Fete

ALEXANDRIA, Feb. 17.-Scott
p. Squires, national commander of
the Veterans of Foreign Wars, will
be the guest of honor of Russell
Mitchell Post at its observance Of
George Washington's birthday next
Tuesday.
The organization will go to M.
Vernon and place wreaths on the
tomb of Washington. Members
of the organization from Virginia,
West Virginia, Maryland and the
District of Columbia have been in
vited. A dinner in honor of the
national Officers will be followed
by a reception and charity ball at
tine George Mason Hotel.
The Washington times., 1938-02-17
'Sallies' to Open
Drive for Clothing

Endorsed by Commissioner
Melvin c. Hazen, the Salvation
Army Mems Social Service De-
partment will open its annual
drive for furniture and clothing
beginning March Z. The drive
continues through to March 10,
Adjutant Baldwin said today.
Ten thousand bundles of cloth
ing and 5000 pieces of furniture
are needed. Mr.. Baldwin said,
adding that employment of go per-
sons daily depends on the success
of the drive.
The Washington times., 1938-02-17
BABCOCK HEARD

A statement covering these and
other objections was filed by Lu-
ther Steward. representing the
N. F. F. E.
E. Claude Babcock, of the United
Civil Service Employees, told the
committee that it should be pos.
sible to finance more liberal treat
ment for retired vernm n t
workers out Of savings in the ad-
miniStration Of the disability pro-
visions of the Retirement Act.
Senator Neely announced that
the employe groups would be given
opportunity to file additiona,
statements until Monday and that
the committee thereafter would
study the whole subject before re-
porting any measure to the Sen
ate.
The Washington times., 1938-02-17
Bellies Name
And Collects

TRENTON, N. J., Feb. II
(I.N.S.).-MOseS Bird, jr.,
entered the Junior Hall Of
Fame today by qualifying as
the only small boy who ever
climbed an apple tree ON
somebody else's property and
was paid for 1t.
The State supreme court
upheld q CO m pensatiOn
award Of $40 per week to
young Bird until he RECEIVERS
from injuries received when
he fell out Of an apple tree.
Evidence was that Bird, .
caddy, was ordered by the
caddy master Of q country
club to climb the tree and
pick apples.
The Washington times., 1938-02-17
ADVERTISEMENT
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Gargle at once and start killing the cold germs
in your throat. Follow simple directions with
bottle. Youu be glad you've discovered this
quick W0V to fight cold germs.
The Washington times., 1938-02-17

'ry Worlds Best LInimsnt
The Washington times., 1938-02-17
MITzI MAYFAIR
And HOFFMAN.
LEAVE FOR n. y.

Eluding reporters and photog-
raphers yesterday, Mitzi Mayfair,
accompanied by her mother, left
the Brooke Johns farm with her
fiance, Alfred F. Hoffman, execu-
tive of the Hoffman Beverage Cor
poration, for New York city. Mr..
Hoffman's sec retary, Frazier
Leach, drove the big green car
which Hoffman used when he
came to Washington late Monday
night, to discuss his matrimonial
plans with the petite Broadway
star.
HEADED FOR GOTHAM
At the Johns farm in Norbeck,
Md, Brooke's mother said the
party had left about 5 p. m. yes
terday afternoon. She said she
knew nothing Of their plans except
that they were headed for New
York.
Mrs. Mayfair, who came to
Maryland after the story of Mitzi's
flight had appeared in New York
papers, had also been stopping
with the Johns family whom she
has known for II years.
Hoffman had intended to re-
main in Washington for at least
a few days. However. the publicity
following his arrival, caused him
to change his plans.
NO PRIVACY AT ALL
Describing his courtship of the
pretty Mitzi, whose dancing has
made her the toast of New York,
as "courting a girl on the City Hall
steps," Hoffman declared the
papers were driving me out OF
town."
The Washington times., 1938-02-17

Just Shadows Of Their Pretty Selves.
British Stage Stars, Studying the Eff.
Their ellhOuettes to Dance as Well as
Themselves, With Remarkable Effects.
An illustrated Feature in The Ameri-
can Weekly with Sundays Washing
ton Herald.Times,
Evening star., 1938-10-02

\ AIRY O'BR1EN bounced into
!" the dining room and tossed
her pay envelope on the table.
Il s'EothorD cbo oycloiv,,od
Evening star., 1938-10-02
By Cedric Larson.

I(V Y We BRING the campus to
~ YOU is the slogan Of
wv the National Home
Study Council, an asso-
citation Of the leading private cor
respondence home study concerns in
America, with headquarters in Wash
ington, D. c.
Whether or not this Is the reason
that correspondence students are ira
ditionally supposed to call their post
man professor" is matter for de-
bate.
1t remains. however, that in re-
cent years Washington has become
as never before. the control center
Of American correspondence schools
a fact which is perhaps but little
known to the average District citizen
A period Of business recession
plunges large number Of people into
forced idleness. Their spare time is
. problem, and this is where the cor
respondence course comes In strong
for it profltably absorbs leisure hours
and enriches knowledge and skill.
Everything is not quite 20 rosy
for although there Is = large group
Of reputable and dependable mail
study concerns. the waters also har-
Dor Some sharks, ready to prey upon
the susceptibilities Of unemployed,
eager for work, who would sign up
almost for any course II the lure Of
Evening star., 1938-10-02

Bridges are more common and easily
comprehended.
Within the bounds Of feasibility for
suspension bridge construction, such
as the bridges over East River, New
York, Delaware River and others
such waterways, not more than 1000
feet between piers (towerO, with .
depth of not more than 10 feet below
mean low water, such bridges often
cost more than single tube tunnels
Of small diameter. In case the width
remains the same, but the depth
greatly increases. tunnels become less
feasible under the economic principle
Of increasing costs. Tunnel costs
can be divided into two parts, namely,
cost Of tunnel proper and cost Of the
approach. Often cost mounts In
constructing the approach. In sub
aqeous tunneling construction of the
approach can be simplified and cost
reduced accordingly.
The James Rriver Bridge, including
short standardized concrete trestles
over Chuckatuck Greek and Nanse-
mond River, cost Sd, ,000, 600, according
to the engineers report. This bridge,
near Newport News, Va, Is AZ miles
long, and for a considerable distance
consists Of standardized reinforced
concrete and steel trestle. One Of
the most expensive units was the direct
drive lift draw which provided 4
vertical clearance Of so feet above
mean high water, when closed, and
las above mean high water when open.
pERHAPs the minimum require
ment for a bridge over Chesapeake
Bay between Sandy Point and Kent
Island, distance of 1880 feet,
would be at least two high fixed spans,
each 1000 feet in length, including
1000 feet Of high bridge with = ver-
tical clearance Of 145 feet. Even this
horizontal clearance Of 1000 feet be-
tween piers would not eliminate the
hazards to navigation during Chesa-
peake Bay storms.
To reach the summit Of such 4
high span for low bridge trestle
20 to 80 feet above mean low water
1t would be necessary to climb Is feet
at a 5 per cent grade for 1900 f>et,
and to continue upgrade at 3 per cent
for 1900 feet in order to reach the
top 40 feet above.
This high fixed bridge and incline
would cover approximately 1900 test
Evening star., 1938-10-02

hands, 1t was found that the right
hand required IS motions and the
left hand 23 motions, making q total
Of 4S, which represented q IS per cent
reduction"
A DD1T1ONAL changes in pro-
cedures, forms and flow Of work
during the last three years accounted
for. an 8o6 per cent increase in daily
output by the same typists and equip
ment. This study has occasioned 30
much comment and requests for DEM
onstrations that the r. v. A. has pre-
pared = sound film depicting their
indexing procedure which is available
to interested parties.
This type Of study" added Mr..
Pierce, lied US into an investigation
Of procedures and Schedules for han
ding our large volume of mail. New
equipment was designed with special
emphasis on reduced clerical time and
to reduce the distance Travelled by
the mail. straight-line production
was developed. The distance travelled
by incoming mail in the mailroom
was reduced from lSS feet to So feet,
while the distance Travelled by mail
going out through the mailroom was
reduced from 174 feet to a. feet. The
total space occupied was reduced
from 1.07l square feet In three build
ings to go square feet in one build.
ing"
When should . typewriter or adding
machine be traded In for . new one?
The Authority does not guess. but
determines this point from records 1t
keeps Of all machines. As every piece
Of ofice equipment Is tagged and
bears . number. It Is not difncult to
keep track Of every machine. These
records are also used Is . basis for
determining the relative cost Of MAIN