davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1938-01-02
NEW PEAK |SSET
BY OIL DEMAND
Production and Consump.
ton of Petroleum Products
at Record Levels,
Dy Cambridss Aasocia atSs.

Production and consumption Of
petroleum products during 1887 was
the greatest ever recorded. Approx
mately 1890 100000 barrels Of crude
oil were taken from American wells,
q total OF 165 per cent greater than
was produced in 1886.
Demand for fuel oil again increased
Importantly with over 100000 more
domestic oil burners in operation than
in 1896. Motor travel waS at new
high levels and the foreign demand,
influenced both by world recovery and
military and naval purchases, was
higher by rs per cent or more than
in 1896.
Overproduction became problem In
the fall months and the production
rate was cut to reduce stocks on hand.
A record-breaking consumption of fuel
oil. however, was expected during the
1878 winter and every effort was
being made to hold prices steady dur
ing the period Of maximum con.
sumption.
The record demand for petroleum
products was generally translated into
Increased profits by the major refn.
cries and from an earnings standpoint
the year will be recorded as the best
since 1929 for the industry as a whole.
For the coming year the outlook for
production volume and earnings is not
so clear. The statistical position of
the industry is not so good as it was
at the 1886 year-end and the inme-
diate future will undoubtedly see de-
mand kept below last years all
time high
Taking a longer view, however. it
Is evident that the use of oil for
motive power and heating is still des-
tined to increase steadily and the grow
ing utilization of by-products leaves
the basic position OF the industry ex-
tremely sound.
Evening star., 1938-01-02
POWER VOLUME
. SETS NEW RECORD
First Break in Rise Since
1882 ShoWn-Further
Advance Forecast.
BY CAMBRIDGE Associates.

BY CAMBRIDGE Associates.
News is created when something
happens out Of the usual course of
events. This fall the electric power
industry created news when, for the
first time since the recovery began in
1882, power production dropped below
the levels Of the similar period Of 1885.
Thus the most consistent uptrend Of
the whole recovery was broken. Truly.
nothing in the world OF business Is
permanent.
Has the saturation point Of the
Utility industry been reached? Are
We to witness from here on 4 lev
cling of of this dynamic industrys
growth? There is nothing tangible
in the picture as yet to indicate that
such Is the case. And there Is evil
dence on every side that the Ameri-
can public's great hunger for the con-
veniences, the luxuries, and the labor
saving features made possible by more
kilowatts has not been satisfied.
1,000 Kilowatt Hours per Capita.
In 1887 the average consumption OF
electricity for the Nation as a whole
was nearly 1000 kilowatt hours per
person. roughly sufficient to burn one
40-Watt lamp from January to De-
cember 81. The increase over 1929
was one-third, and the to-year
growth. owing to sharp increases
earlier in the year. continued to be as
impressive as that Of any post
depression year
Yet the situation was not all clear
sailing. Maintenance schedules were
upped in a large number Of cases be-
cause of deferred and no longer de-
ferrable items. Labor and material
costs, as with the other industries,
rose precipitously, and under the pres
sure OF political factors, rates con-
tlnued to decline The more fortunate
companies were able to finance extern
slons to take care OF the additional
production, but those for whom the
Government power projects still holds
some threat, or whom the provisions
Of the Holding Company Act require
unscrambling Of complex capitalize
tionS, were not able to stimulate in
vestment confidence in the face OF
uncertainties, and consequently fore
swore obviously needed projects And,
of course, those which have been
forced to reduce rates so drastically
that the protection afforded investors
has become slender are neither able
to make extensions out of earnings nor
solicit new funds from the public.
Expansion Year Seen.
Although these sharp reductions in
rates have in many cases not been
dieested by the companies, the indus
try continues to make progress in ef-
fecting operating economies. Today it
is by no means certain that a hydro
electric development can furnish
power at cheaper cost than steam
plant; that is. not unless the invest
ment in hydro-electric power facilities
is promptly written down to reduce
the burden Of fixed charges.
Evening star., 1938-01-02

FREIGHT DECLINE
HITS RAILROADS
Rising Costs Leave Roads
Vulnerable to Any Drop
in Income.

BY Cambridge Associates.
Vulnerable at the slightest hint of
trouble, like 4 man whose resistance
remains lower even though succor
from starvation has been provided, the
railroads found 1t necessary to begin
a retrenchment policy early in 1897
At the beginning of the year, mainte-
nance programs were being expanded
to take care Of necessary items that
had been deferred during the depres-
sion, but the railroads soon proved
themselves in need Of the surcharges
which had expired at the close OF
1896.
AS long as the trend Of freight
revenues remained upward, the situa-
ton held hope. for even at the peak,
1887 carloadings were 20 per cent un-
der the average levels OF 1922 more
than can be explained by the progress
Of the trucking companies since that
time. Distribution of fixed charges
over larger loadings totals would have
reduced the unit cost somewhat, and
enabled the railroads to make a more
favorable showing.
The cards, however. were stacked
against them. Not only did the tempo
OF the business recovery slow down at
midyear and reduce the advantage
over the previous year in gross rev.
enues, but also labor, spurred by the
higher cost Of living. pressed demands
for higher wages. BY the time a COM
promise had been effected. clouds had
definitely settled on the business land
scape, and the railroads. having no
accumulation of fat to sustain them
through a troublous period OF un-
known duration. began Immediately to
curtail expenses as rapidly as pos
sible. And the record of the depres.
sion testifles that when retrenchment
is necessary, the railroads are well
able to pare costs OF operation to the
bone.
Blackness was dispelled to 4 con-
siderable extent in late October. when
the Interstate Commerce Commission
granting rate increases which on an
annual basis at the then rate of op-
erations would lift gross revenues for
the Nations carriers by about $5O,O0O,-
900. More important than the pro-
visions of the decision was a virtual
invitation to the roads to apply for
further increases, which they lost NO
time in doing.
The Association of American Rail-
roads petitioned, on November 5, for
horizontal increase Of Is per cent in
freight rates, excepting only coal and
coke, sugar, fruits and vegetables, and
also for an increase in the basic pas
senger fare in the Eastern territory
from 2 to 2i2 cents per mile. Re-
sponse Of the Interstate Commerce
Commission was gratifyingly prompt
but the most hopeful are not looking for
decision before the end of February
Furthermore, in all likelihood, there
will be a large number of commodi-
ties exempted from increases on the
basis that it is in the public interest
to keep the prices of certain COM
modities as low as possible. The
building program which the Govern
ment now desires to call into being
for instance, depends to a large extent
on the cost Of construction. which in
turn would be increased by increased
cost OF transportation Of the heavy
materials required
Evening star., 1938-01-02
Sensational DROP
|SUNPRECEDENTED.
1887 Output Falls Short Of
1929 Record by Only
About 8 Per Cent.
BY WALTER S. TOWER.
Executive Secretary, American Iron and
Steel Institute.

GAeCullNc ocCleldIS, AHucIlCdu AIOH dHu
Steel Institute.
The relative stability of steel de-
mand which characterized the year
1886 was not in evidence in 1887.
Operations f1uctuated violently, reach
Ing high of 80 per cent in April and
dropping to level estimated for the
month of December at about 81 per
cent The precipitous drop from 80.4
per cent in the middle of September
to the December low was unprece-
dented in the history of the industry
New records were established in the
industry for number of employees, to-
tai pay rolls and average rates, despite
the letdown in the last quarter.
Total production of steel ingots dur
Ing the year is estimated at 50,250.O0
gross tons, about per cent below the
1929 record of 54.850.400 tons, but so
close to the 1928 figure of 5O,325, 400
tons as to leave chance for 1887 to
be the second best year for steel
output.
Climbs Well Above 1896.
Estimated production in 1887 ex-
eeeded by ST per cent the 1886 total
OF 47.512.800 tons. and marked the
fifth consecutive yearly increase since
1882. The gain, however. was smaller
than for any other year since 1888.
Labor troubles which appeared for a
time IN some. quarters of the industry
apparently had little direct effect on
the years total output
The urgent demand for steel in the
early months of this year now appears
to have been influenced to a consider
able extent by forward buying in ad-
dltlon to the large volume of con-
suners requirements for immediate
use. Forward buying evidently was
stimulated by the unsettled labor situ-
alton in industry generally and by an
increase in steel prices made neces-
sary by higher costs, especially of
labor and raw materials.
Backlogs Up Sharply.
AS result, the backlogs of untitled
orders on steel producers books
mounted rapidly during the early
months of 1887 and mills were hard
pressed to make desired deliveries
Toward the end of the summer. how
ever. new orders for steel fell off
rapidly as consumers began to draw
upon inventories. and the decline in
production set in.
Evening star., 1938-01-02
1910, 900, 900 GAS TAXES.

1t is estimated that 1910 900 900 was
paid in gasoline taxes in 1897. a total
which makes the annual gasoline tax
bill alone greater than the total of
all taxes collected by all States and
By the thousands of city and local
governments in the United States In
1900.
Evening star., 1938-01-02
MEAT PACKING GROWS,

Today meat packing is the most
important industry in eight States
Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota. Kansas, Ne
braska. Missouri, Colorado and South
Dakota.
Evening star., 1938-07-23
MRS. JACOBS URGED
FOR WELFARE POST
Arlington County Women Ask
Appointment as Permanent
Superintendent.

The appointment of Mrs. Mae E.
Jacobs as permanent superintendent
of public welfare was urged yesterday
at meeting of so Arlington County
women in the Cherrydale School.
Mrs. Katheryn NJ Rogers was named
chairman of the group, which will con-
tinue in existence until such time
as the vacancy has been filled"
Mrs. Jacobs has been superintendent
for several years. At recent session
of the Virginia General Assembly a
new welfare act was passed which
became effective July l. A new three
member Welfare Board was set UP
and superintendent must be ap-
pointed before September l to con-
form to the law. Mrs Jacobs has
been continued in her Office as tenn
porary superintendent until a perma-
nent officer is named.
Miss Helen Samuels was named Sec
retary of the group. She said: I'VE
are not sponsoring Mrs. Jacobs be-
cause of opposition which might be
against her. but as a reward for her
faithful service to the county"
Mrs. Rogers scored the county board
for ignoring" the recommendations
of several women who appeared before
it for membership on the new Welfare
Board.
Evening star., 1938-07-23
7 MILLION MUNITIONS
SHIPPEDTO FAR EAST
U. S. Firms Biggest Cumstomer
for June Was Netherland Indies,
With Japan Next.

United States manufactures Sc
cured licenses last month for shipping
more than S7,000,000 of war supplies
mostly military airplanes, to the Far
Eastern war zone, the State Depart
ment reported yesterday.
Outranking China and Japan as
the biggest single customer was the
Netherlands East Indies, building up
defenses in view of its proximity to
the Sino-Japanese conflict.
The Netherlands order amounted tc
S4,O60,073. Licenses for shipments to
China totaled s1,236,o20, and to Japan
$1,710,O49 These three customers &C
counted for the bulk of the total OF
S7,761,289 worth of war supplies
licensed for shipment.
In addition to reporting the value
of supplies licensed for shipment, the
State Department for the first time
made public the amounts actually ex-
ported last month, showing shipments
to China totaled $2,22l,030 and tc
Japan, S1,379,128.
Such shipments to Japan and China
have been discouraged by the admin
istration, but since an official embargo
has not been put into effect by in
voking the neutrality act, manufac-
turers under contract to ship supplies
to those warning nations must fulfill
their obligations or risk court action
for breach of contract, it was pointed
out. Most manufacturers were said to
be refusing to enter new contracts to
supply munitions to Japan.
Evening star., 1938-07-23
LAM0ND FUNERAL
SET FOR MONDAY
President of Alexandria
Bank Was 65-Rites to Be
at Christ Church.
Copyright, A. P. Wirephoto.

Funeral services for Clyde c. La
mond, 65, president of the Citizens
National Bank of Alexandria, Va,
who died early yesterday at his Belle
Haven, Va. home, will be held at IL
am. Monday at Christ Episcopal
Church.
The services will be conducted by
the Rev. Harry Lee Doll, pastor of the
church, and burial will be in the
church cemetery.
Mr.. Lamond was former president
of the Clarendon Trust Co. and was
president of the Potomac River Clay
Works, which he established in 1907.
A former member of the Alexandria
City Council, one of his surviving sons,
A. Slater Lamond, now serves on the
council, while Clyde C. Lamond, jr.,
another survivor. is president of the
Alexandria Young Democratic Club.
He is also survived by his widow.
Among other professional activities,
Mr.. Lamond was a director of the
Federal Savings & Loan Association
Of Arlington County and also of Ar
lington Hall Junior College for Girls.
Born in Wellsville, Ohio. he was q
member of many fraternal organiza-
tions. He was past master of Stans-
bury Lodge of Masons, No. "a, of
Washington; past high priest OF
Brightwood Royal Arch Chapter OF
Washington. member of the Mount
Vernon Royal Arch Chapter of Alex
andria and others.
Other survivors are a sister, Mrs
Mary L. White, and three brothers,
Angus A., Donald B. and w. Wallace
Lamond. all of Washington, and 6
cousin, Angus w. Lamond, of Alex
andria.
Evening star., 1938-07-23

sailed" the Post Office Department
and prevented for the first time in
history the delivery of mail to an
industrial plant. He said nine c. l. o.
members pleaded guilty to stopping
mail trucks.
Mr.. Murray had criticized Mr.. Grid
ler's testimony before the Senate Post
Offices and Post Roads Committee
which investigated reports Of pickets'
interfering with the mails.
From its investigation of the early
activity of the S. w. O. c., beginning
in 1886, the committee swung into an
inquiry of alleged labor espionage
methods employed by the Republic
firm.
Chairman La Toilette questioned
James L. Williams, chief of Republics
private police, as to whether he ex-
changed espionage information with
other steel companies Mr.. williams
said he had communicated such in
formation to half dozen other firms,
but insisted it was done only INFORMAL
ly and at intervals.
Senator La Toilette introduced re-
ports which had been sent from Mr..
Williams Office to Republic captains
of police. Mr. Williams said one of
the reports might have gone to the
Otis Steel Corp. The reports de-
scribed various union organizers and
their activities and union meetings.
Comparing one report with the unions
minutes of a meeting, Senator La
Toilette commented
Your report seems to have been
more in detail as to what happened
at the meeting than was that of the
recording secretary"
Mr.. Williams said in reply to ques-
ton that the report material mo doubt
came from informants at the meet
ing"
Mr.. Williams said that private de-
tective agencies frequently had So
licited Republic for business In the
past. but that such solicitations de-
clined sharply after enactment Of the
Wagner Labor Act.
Evening star., 1938-07-23
FURNACE HEADS
SUBURBAN BANK
Chosen in Merger of Silver
Spring and Takoma Park
Institutions.

Harvey w. Turnage was elected
president of the Suburban National
Bank of Silver Spring. formed by the
merger of the Silver Spring National
Bank and the Takoma Park Bank, at
a special stockholders meeting yes
terday.
Mr.. Turnage has been executive vice
president of both banks for four years.
James H. Cissel and E. v. Crittenden
were elected vice presidents, Fred l..
Lutes was named cashier, and r. Weir
Waters, Harold F. Gates. Charles J..
Sincell, George T. Day and H. C. Nc
Ceney were named assistant cashiers.
Duckett Heads Board.
T, Howard Duckett was elected
chairman of the Executive Committee
and general counsel of the new insti-
tuition. The entire personnel of both
banks, about IS employees, was re-
tanned.
The consolidation of the two banks
became effective at noon today. They
will open Monday morning in the same
Offices under their new name with
total assets at approximately s5,0OO,-
900.
AT the stockholders meeting, also
held yesterday afternoon. the follow
ing directors were elected:
James H. Cissel, j. Donald Clagett.
H. H. Cobban, E. V. Crittenden, John
j. Dolan, T. Howard Duckett, Beryl
R. English, David Feldman, Henry F.
Gibbs. James w. Gill, William K. Hill,
John H. Hunter, R. L. Houston Jones.
Oliver Metzerott, H. E. Rogers, Harvey
w. Iurnage, Ira C. Whitacre and
Henry E. Worcester, jr.
Capital of S5O0,0O
The new bank will have capital
OF s500,000, made up of S35o000 of
preferred stock and $780, 900 in COM
mon stock. The increase in the
banks capital was accomplished by
the sale of s1O5,00 of new capital to
more than 200 stockholders. The
stock was oversubscribed before the
new set-up became effective. The new
issue OF stock has par value of $40
per share, the $3.50 premium going to
the banks surplus fund.
The bank will have a surplus and
an undivided profits account of about
S50,000, with a total deposit liability
of S4,200,000. The bank will be a
member of the Federal Reserve Sys-
tenn and the Federal Deposit Insur-
ance Corp.
Evening star., 1938-07-23
FOUR YOUTHS HELD
IN ROBBERY CASES
Await Action by Grand Jury After
Arraignment at Mount
Rainier,

Two Mount Rainier and two Brent
wood, Nd, youths were held for the
Prince Georges County grand jury
on robbery charges when arraigned
last night before Judge Gilbert Hughes
of Mount Rainier. Two other boys
one known to be in Georgia and the
other in Pennsylvania, are being
sought on similar charges
Those held were William Humphreys
Is, of Brentwood, charged with three
counts of robbery: Beverly Crawford
II, of Brentwood, who at the time
Of his arrest was on bond, charged
with robbing a Cottage City school
and Charles Gainus, 18, and William
Erhart, 18, both of Mount Rainier
Three counts we're placed against
Gainus and one charge against Erhart
and Crawford With the exception of
Erhart, all were committed to the
Marlboro Jail in lieu of $500 bond
demanded on each robbery charge
Police Chief Eugene Plumer of Mount
Rainier said Gainus was released tc
him by Washington police. He had
been held here for several days in
connection with a pocketbook snatch
ing, which also involved the son of q
Mount Rainier official. Headquarters
Detective Sergt Frank Brass ano
Twelfth Precinct Detective James
Ennis aided Chief Plumer in investi-
eating the robberies, which included
a Mount Rainier theater, poolroom
and bowling alley.
The series of robberies netted the
boys approximately s7O0, Chief Plumer
said. He also said confessions had
been obtained from each of the boys
involving the two youths still sought
Evening star., 1938-07-23
MARYLAND GUARD
ENDS MANEUVER
58th Brigade Is Ready to Agree
With Sherman After Rainy
Exercise.

BY the Associated Press.
CAMP RITCHIE, CASCADE. Md
July 23.-The 58th Brigade of the
Maryland National Guard came back
to home camp last night ready to
agree with Gen. Sherman's graphic
one-word description of war.
The 1900 men returned to camp
after two-day maneuver that in
cluded rain-drenched night which
they spent in hastily pitched shelter
tents in the meadows near Smithsburg
The night of rain followed a day-long
march, but yesterdays return was by
truck.
\ The maneuver, against an imaginary
foe, marked the end of the annual en-
campment for the 5th Infantry, and
the men early today marched to the
railroad yards for the return home.
The 1st Regiment will have another
week at camp and will be given regi-
mental training.
Scores of the tiny pup tents In
which the men slept were blown over
by the wind. 1t. Col. Elmer F. Mum
shower, who is superintendent of
Maryland State Police. braved the
storm in pup tent, as did other mem
bers of the 1st Regiment.
Discussing the maneuvers, Brig.
Gen. Amos w. w. Woodcock. COM
manding general of the 58th Brigade,
said:
II feel that they were unquestion-
ably the most successful field opera
tions We have ever held. Despite rain
throughout the night everything
clicked"
Thousands of relatives and friends
of members of the lst Regiment are ex
pected to be in camp tomorrow for the
observance Of the annual Veterans and
Regimental day. All veterans of the
United States have been invited. A
parade in honor of the veterans will
be one Of the highlights of the pro-
gram. Memorial services for members
who have died since last camp will be
conducted in the morning by Chaplain
Frederick G. Reynolds Of Baltimore,
former Washington pastor.
Evening star., 1938-07-23
4.H CLUBS CHOOSE
IS FOR HONOR ORDER
Nineteenth Annual Short Course
Is Concluded at Blacksburg,
Virginia.
Py the Associated Press.

BLACKSBURG. Va, July 23.-With
the symbolic candle-lighting ceremony
in Virginia Techs Administration
Building last night, the 18th annual
All State short course was concluded
Initiated into the All-stars, honorary
organization, were 48 girls, So boys
and l honorary member
The honorary member, who had
spoken briefly at the afternoon assem-
bly,, was L. r. Harrill, North Carolina
State club agent. of Raleigh.
Those initiated as All-stars included
Dalton Carpenter, Clarke; Helen
Towsey, James Marsh, Culpeper; Doris
Steele, Fairfax; Alma Orndoff, Nelson
Carpenter, Frederick; Alice Anders,
Francis Carr, Loudoun; Katherine
Spencer, Orange; Richard Koontz,
Page; Margaret Blakemore, John
Slovenski, Prince William; Margaret
Fraval, John Reynoldes, Shenandoah.
In an impressive service conducted
yesterday by Billie Smith, Princess
Anne County, retiring lesser CHIEF
OF the All-stars, the officers for next
years short course were installed.
Officers for next years State Lead
ers' Association include Miss Helen
Crouch, Loudoun, secretary.
Evening star., 1938-07-23
Fugitive Likes Prison.

Wanted for deserting his wife and
two children, Alexander Blair, aged
"a, liked prison so well that he built
one. For two months police officers
and public assistant authorities of
Glasgow, Scotland, sought him and
finally found him building warders'
houses at Barlinnie Prison. He was
earning $18.75 week and liked his
job. If you do not take care Of
yourself you will land yourself inside
the prison walls" said Sheriff Mac
diaramid as he sentenced Blair to
$25 or 20 days in the prison where
he had been working. Officials said
Blair had played fast and loose with
them for three years.