davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1938-07-08

Speedest the destroyer Mccall commissioned
California privately
built 1921 has specified of 1914 but in
reported
quadup torpedo tubes and especially fitted for quick
attacks capital ships
Montana labor news., 1938-09-01
1t Couldn't Happen in Europe

Canadians and Americans alike should get
a lot of satisfaction out of the following edi-
torial from the Madison, Wis, Capital
Tines:
"a big commercial transport plane was
Aying from Cleveland to Detroit the other
day. Taking the shortest route, it. swung
northwest across Lake Erie, flew over a size
able corner of Ontario and then crossed the
Detroit River and glided down to a landing
at the Detroit airport.
Zone of the passengers was a young man
who recently spent upwards of a year in
Germany with the branch office of an Ameri-
can firm. When he got out of the plane, ne
remarked:
"'That was the most thrilling thing that
has happened since I got back to America
"'What-this fight?' asked an acquaint-
ance.
"sNo,' said the young man. The way we
flew over the international boundary without
anybody noticing it. We crossed from the
United States, flew over Canada, and then
flew back-and nobody said a word.
"'That's the sort of thing that couldn't
happen in Europe. Planes don't cross inter
national boundaries there, not without a lot
of negotiation and formality. They go far
out of their way to avoid flying over a little
strip of foreign territory. If they did not,
the pursuit planes would go after Them
Which is just another way of saying that
we who live in North America never realize
how lucky we are-until we see what we
would be up against if the European system
prevailed here"
AS the Capital Times remarks, that
peaceful international boundary is not an
accident. at is uOhat it is because the people
of the taDo countries haze chosen to act
sensibly."
Montana labor news., 1938-09-01

Balloting collectively by all voting men,
bers of Labor Unions and their families is
also necessary, in order to preserve and pro-
tect our rights. The American Federation OF
Labor has had the long-established policy OF
'electing our friends and defeating our enc
miles, We must safeguard our right to
organize; to bargain collectively; to picket;
and even to strike, if necessary. From time
to time, Union Labor has placed on the statute
books of state and nation most effective laws
to preserve these fundamental rights. 1t is
only through collective b~alloting for our
friends that organized workers can retain
them. We cannot, therefore, emphasize too
strongly the great benefits that can be OBJ
tanned and maintained for American workers
through collective action in Bargaining, Buy
ing and Balloting.
On this Labor Day, when we celebrate the
progress and achievements Of American La
Dor, it should be most fitting for each person
at every gathering to raise his right hand
and take the Union Label pledge: Il promise
to patronize only those firms that display the
Union Label, Shop Card or Service Button!"
Montana labor news., 1938-09-01
A Labor Day Pledge
I. M. ORNBURN, Secretary-Treasurer
Union Label Trades Department
American Federation of Labor

The Triple BIS of collective action Tor LABOR
Unionists are Bargaining, Buying and Ballot
ing. They are the most powerful weapons
organized workers possess. With them, If
properly utilized, labor can change the eco
nomic map of America.
Bargaining collectively with their employ
ers through representatives OF their own
choosing is the best method members OF
Labor Unions have discovered to raise wages,
shorten hours and improve their conditions.
In order to carry out this triple E" program,
a worker must join a Labor Union OF his
trade. Stockholders of an industry do not
act individually. Neither are all the stock
holders in a body allowed to act as spokesman
for a certain industry. Industrialists are well
organized. They choose their most able
members to represent their organization in
all important negotiations. Likewise, the
worker who is helpless as an individual must
Join with his brother unionists in order to
select representatives to deal effectively with
employers. Today, when a majority IN any
industry belongs to a Labor Union, the en-
ployer is compelled by law to recognize the
representative of the respective Union.
Buying collectively of Union Label Prod
ucts and ~patronizing of Union services is
constantly urged upon members of Labor
Unions, their families and friends, by the
Union Label Trades Department of the
American Federation of Labor. 1t is the
only way to maintain the labor standards
that have been established through collective
bargaining. The Union Label is the emblem
used to designate the products which are
made by unionized industries. The Shop
Card and Working Button are the emblems
of Union services. Workers should not fail
to reciprocate with 'fair" employers in buy
ing only products of unionized industry. The
A. F. of L. Union Label and Industrial Ex-
hibition recently held in Cincinnati is an
outstanding example of Labor's effort to Sc
cure for "fair" employers our vast Union
market.
Montana labor news., 1938-09-01

ment to the contrary, all work and
labor performed by a married
woman for a person other than her
husband and children is presumed
to be performed on her separate
account. The earnings and accumu-
lations of the wife are not liable for
the debts of the husband.
The expenses for necessaries of
the family and of the education OF
the children are chargeable upon
the property of husband and wife, or
either of them, and in relation there
to they may be sued jointly or
separately.
The husband is bound to provide
according to his means and condition
in life, for the wife's maintenance
and support; but if he is unable to
do so, she must assist him as far as
she is able. The wife must support
the husband, when he has not de-
serted her, out of her separate prop
erty when he has no separate
property and he is unable, from in
trinity, to support himself.
No special proceedings are re-
quired to enable a married woman
to engage in an independent bust
ness.
All the property owned by a
woman before her marriage and that
acquired afterwards is her separate
property, subject to her control.
Neither wife MOI husband may by
will completely disinherit the other,
Where either spouse dies without a
will the rights of husband and wife
as heirs are the same.
Grounds for marriage annulment
and, with one exception, for divorce
are the same for husbands and wives
The father and mother r equally
entitled to the custody, services, ane
earnings of their minor child.
The parents have equal rights ii
the estate of a child dying withou
a will.
In Montana only a few of thu
) common-law inequalities now oper
/ ate against married women, the re
: port reveals. These are:
| The father, if living, is the guar
dian of any minor child. The resi-
| dence of the wife follows that of tn
husband, who is head of the famil.
and may choose any reasonable plac
= or mode of living, to which the wifi
: must conform.
Only males are competent to &C
' as jurors.
Montana labor news., 1938-09-01

What are the grounds for marriage
annulment? For divorce? Is a COM
mon-law marriage valid? At what
age can a minor contract a lawful
marriage? Is it possible for a person
not yet of age to make a good deed
to her property? Who would have
custody of a minor child after the
death of one parent-a guardian OF
its person named in the will of the
decedent, or the surviving parent?
These are some of the questions
facing a woman citizen today, and
dealt with in this report on Montana.
I'm general, questions of women's
legal status in the United States are
closely tied up with our social and
economic developments. The COM
mon law, brought to this country by
the colonists from England and at
first adopted without positive legisla-
tive action but through the sanctions
of the courts, became the fabric on
which the Nations Jurisprudence is
woven. In many instances, as a re-
suit of changing conditions and
needs, certain inadequacies in the
common law, including injustices to
women, have been alleviated through
enactment of specific laws.
1.-THE Montana report follows 9
general plan for all the states, giving
in simplified form for use by lay
persons a compilation from state
laws and controlling decisions of the
highest court intended to show the
relations between the state and it!
women citizens in matters of politi
cal and civil rights and duties. Sucf
political phases as jury service, pub
lie office, a wife's legal domicile are
covered as well as general phases o
family law and the contract ant
property rights of married women
"Since the legal status Of the I'm
married woman in Montana is prac
tically that of the unmarried MAJ
the other material reported on cen
tiers largely around the woman il
the marriage relation. Montana
,progress in placing men and wome.
on equal footing as citizens unde
, the law is in line with a genera
trend in this country"
| Certain of the important civ
rights and responsibilities of womeI
I established as a result of specifi
, efforts to remove the effects of out
, moded common-law rules, and az
pearing in the report, are as follow
Either spouse may enter into an
engagement or transaction with tn
: other, or with any other person, re
( specting property, into which eithe
: might enter if unmarried.
Unless there is a written agre,
Montana labor news., 1938-09-01
LEGAL STATUS SUR
VEYED IN W0MEN'5
BUREAU REPORT

What rights and responsibilities do
Montana women have under the
state laws dealing with political and
civil matters? All persons interested
in this question will welcome a bulle-
tin just issued by the Women's
Bureau, U. S. Department of Labor.
Entitled "The Legal Status OF
Women in the United States of
America, January l, 1898, Report for
Montana" and prepared by Sara
Louise Buchanan of the Bureaus
research staff, this study is n sec
ton of a full report on all the states,
still in preparation. The whole sur
vey was undertaken by the Women's
Bureau in response to a request sub
mitted to this country by the League
Of Nations, and the information as
finally compiled will be used in con-
junction with more or less similar
data from other countries to present
a world picture of the legal status
of women today, according to Mary
Anderson, director of the Women's
Bureau.
"a major aim of the individual
state studies toward American
women readers is to help them ac-
quire through Individual and group
efforts an effective working knowl-
edge of the laws most definitely con-
corning them" Miss Anderson stated,
ut points the way to answering
questions that grow out of a woman's
overwhelming responsibilities in
family and civic life.
"For example, does a wife own
the wages she earns by her persona
labor? If she is compelled to go tt
court to collect them, can she sue il
her own name without her hus
bands consent? Could her husband
creditors take her property for hi
debts? Who owns the propert.
which is accumulated by the co
operative efforts of husband ant
wife if no special agreement |
made? If husband or wife dies, wha
rights does the survivor have in tn
estate? What provision does the Law
make for the family while the estat
is being settled? When is a Wit
liable for the family expenses
Which parent is entitled to the earn
ings of the minor children who worl
outside the home? How much prop
erty is exempt from seizure for debt
Montana labor news., 1938-09-01

The fact that one is active or busy
does not necessarily mean that one
is either restless or superficial-Mrs
Franklin d. Roosevelt.
Evening star., 1938-07-27

whereas majority Of their competitors
have chosen to do 50, and thus would be
bound to the higher wage cost. In such
situation the controversy over the
merits of the labor relations law need
not be considered: it is the law and those
who abide by 1t should not automatically
be placed at competitive disadvantage
as a result, particularly in the direction
of Government business.
A third circumstance is the fact that
existence of two basic wage levels in a
single plant, one for public orders and
the other for private. would be virtually
an impossible situation, leading either
to employer violation of the wage con-
tract or to withdrawal from bidding for
the public orders.
The ultimate answer to this perplexing
situation probably is found in the pre-
dictlon OF the administrator OF the Public
Contracts Division that the entire steel
industry will adopt the figures specified
as the basic minima for all their opera
tlons. And if such a result forces an
upward revision of steel prices, 1t must
be counted merely as natural cor
ollary to governmental pressure in be-
half of higher wages.
Evening star., 1938-07-27
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRACEWELL.

school days, when our biology class used
to 60 on regular bird hunts as part of
our work
Most of the birds can identify from
the song. I almost forgot about the
mourning doves. When I first heard
them thought we surely had an owl
In the neighborhood, until I saw them.
They seem to find great delight in visit
ing the fields on the small farm.
Thank you for your many enjoyable
articles like all Of them.
Sincerely, "A. L. H."
This letter, it seems to us, sums up
very nicely the pleasures Of bird watch
ing.
1t is plain in the reading that there is
real interest here, true enthusiasm, hon
est appreciation.
What more could one ask?
Bird observation. possible anywhere,
requires no equipment, and really very
little interest-at first.
Like any good enthusiasm, 1t grows
by what it feeds on.
The person who actually takes q good
look at gathering of English sparrows
in the downtown streets is on the way
to the ultimate ownership Of some big
bird books" maybe a pair of good
binoculars, feeding stations, bird houses,
bird baths, and SO on.
These things follow on naturally, some
OF them, not necessarily all Of them.
X
1t is possible to get a great deal OF
real enjoyment out Of watching the
birds around home and at the same
time be wholly without any equipment
of any sort.
1t is also true that few persons will
become genuinely interested in watch
ing bird life without at the same time
wanting to know what bird is that"
Such desire calls for bird book
Of which there are many interesting
ones on the market, both large and
small, expensive and cheap.
With real interest, and a good book.
one is prepared to be as good a bird
watcher as the next one
We wish to point out one superlatively
good feature of this sport
1t Is that its enthusiasts seldom if ever
bore other people with their knowledge.
The dog fancier talks dogs, the tropi-
cal fish fan" talks fish, the old furni-
ture collector talks Of nothing else, and
always to people who are not in the
least interested in dogs, fish, furniture,
etc.
On the other hand, the bird enthusiast
will never say word about his hobby
unless you mention the magic name of
bird to him first And that is a good
thing folks, because the world is bored
to the point of barbarism by people
who have nice schemes for everybody
else to take part in-or else.
The bird enthusiast likes his birds,
but unless you prod him, by word OF
mouth-or letter-he will not say q
word about them.
Why should he? Birds are every
where; sensible people watch them, and
find big new world as close as their
little gardens
Evening star., 1938-07-27
''Old IrOnsides" Home.

The proper home port for the U. S. S.
Constitution, perhaps better known as
old Ironsides,' is the Nations Capital.
She has been berthed at Boston for
years, possibly because official Wash
ington has not been interested enough
in what became of her to designate any
other dock. But she belongs to her
country and ought to be included in the
plans for the proposed Navy Museum
on the Potomac water front. The city
common to every patriotic American is
the logical place in which to assemble
such relics of the noble past.
George Washington and Thomas
Jefferson anticipated the development
of the District of Columbia as a focal
center for the civilization of the Union
of States to which they and their COL
leagues had contr; ;~uted their genius.
The Capital, as they visioned it, was to
be not merely legislative and admin
istrative correlation point but also,
defAsitely, cultural metropolis to which
the best thought and the best spiritual
power of the land would be drawn and
frAn which, strengthened by the con-
tact, these forces would 60 out again to
the uttermost limits Of the national
territory.
OF course, some sacrifice was involved
IN their dream. Washington left a
portion of his estate for a national
university, and Jefferson sold his books
at bargain price which he could ILL
afford for the foundation of the Library
of Congress. Whole communities have
followed their example Brooklyn yielded
the Folger Shakespeare Library, Pitts
burgh the Mellon Gallery now being
built. There is precedent, then, for
Boston's REIMBURSEMENT of the famous
ship which her poet-physician, Oliver
Wendell Holmes, employed his art to
save. If the Navy orders the Constitu-
ton to Washington, a new tie will be
established between Massachusetts and
the District of Columbia-another bond
like that which was created on February
6, 1888.
Evening star., 1938-07-27
Fixing Steel Prices.

Several circumstances make it most
probable, and advisable, that steel wage
minima to be paid for Government cen
tract work should be the minima specified
in the majority of working agreements
between organized labor and the industry
One is the requirement that the Public
Contracts Board must be guided by the
prevailing wage in determining the
minilna for PRONUNCIATION in connection
with Government orders. With some 80
per cent of the industry under contract
with the steel unions, it is apparent that
the contract minima ordinarily are the
prevailing ones.
A second circumstance is the fact that
establishing lower minima for public
orders would place distinct premium
upon the refusal OF certain steel com.
panies to abide by the labor relattons law
Evening star., 1938-07-27
Campaign Questionnaires.

Failure Of number of senatorial can
didates to reply to questionnaires sent
out by the Senate Campaign Expendi-
tlres Committee has prompted Chair
man Sheppard to issue a warning that
the committee means business. He has
given the offenders the choice of an
swering the questions or seeing their
names posted in sort of black list.
If candidate refuses to I'LL out our
QUESTIONABLE, said Senator Sheppard,
Il believe the people in his State should
know that fact" He added that extra
time would be allowed for candidates
who give reasonable excuses" for their
dilatoriness.
Mere delay in responding to the ques-
tionnaire does not warrant an inference
that skullduegery is afoot in a cam
paign, Of course. Questionnaires of any
kind are bothersome to most persons,
and certainly they are irksome to can
didate immersed in the swirl of political
nianeuvering. Such a candidate would
be likely to put OH filling out the form
Evening star., 1938-07-27
SILVER SPRING. Nd.

Dear Sir: happen to be one Of your
constant readers and thought you might
be interested in having a list Of birds
have observed in my neighborhood this
year.
These were seen in my yard or while
out walking in the vicinity Of my home.
We have a small 10-acre farm on our
left, and are just on the edge Of Sligo
Park, so you see have chance to see
many of the birds without going on
regular hunt for them.
THE following were observed between
February % and May 30: Southern
downy woodpecker, e-breasted nut
hatch, black capped chicadee, song SPAR
row, slate-colored junco, blue bird,
American goldfinch. towhee, blue gros-
beak, summer tanager, house wren,
robin, catbird, swallows, purple grackle.
mockingbird, cardinal, hummingbird.
X 4 *S+
"The song sparrows have raised three
families in two low evergreens In my
front yard; robins two families, one in
a tall tree in rear yard, and one in an
evergreen in front.
THE latter was very interesting, in
that the nest was built only about 5iz
feet from the ground and about l foot
away from the house.
Three eggs were laid, but only OBJ
served one baby One very hot after
noon l noticed that the sun Shone on
the nest during the hottest part OF the
day, and what should I see but the
mother bird standing over the baby
shading it, and her bill was wide open, I
guess wishing for good cool drink.
If any one had heard me, l guess
they would have thought that they all
weren't in the crazy house. While she
sat on the nest, I would talk to her, and
no matter how close I would 60, she
would not leave the nest, just put her
head on one side and blink at me.
X X X X
Every evening just before dusk five
young bluebirds and the mother and
father come to bathe in our bird bath
all at one time.
1T is quite sight. At about the
same time the little hummingbird ap-
pears and goes over all the petunias and
glads, and actually heard it make a
noise one night. just a weak twitter.
The goldfinches were a sight to see
When they first arrived they were a
flock of about so or so, and in the very
early am. while l had the dog out for
walk they would be on one of the
lawns, and on our approach would fly
away in a group.
That really was a thrill to see, all
those yellow birds rise up and fly off.
This is the first time they have been
seen in our neighborhood. Now, I only
see them in pairs, and maybe groups of
from four to six or so.
X X
Last year I had real treat in seeing
painted bunting in an apple tree in
my neighbor's yard. 1t was the one and
only I have ever seen. I have a copy
OF Reeds Land Birds, and can usually
identify new bird from it,
observing birds is great pleasure
for me, a carry-over from my high
Evening star., 1938-07-27
G.. H. A. HOSPITAL.

Group Health Association advocates
will be little dismayed by the refusal of
Montgomery County's commissioners to
grant them permit to operate a hos
pltal in one Of the county's most
exclusive residential districts.
For the Group Health Association
movement is being carried forward by
persons with something akin to religious
zeal. They will be spurred to new efforts
by the Temporary setback to their plans
caused by Montgomery's decision.
The county board, for its part, was
clearly rejecting the sentiment of the
area involved when it turned down the
plea Tor permit. G. H. A. spokesmen
revealed even before the decision was
rendered, however, that they had other
sites in mind, although they considered
the Montgomery location most desirable
Displaying regard for other peoples
opinion, the spokesmen further said they
do not want to operate in section
where they are not wanted and
welcomed.
They realized that undoubtedly there
are communities where G. H. A. hos
pital proposal will not be looked upon
as it was in Bethesda, where citizens
voiced the view it would hurt the resi-
dental character of the community.
If they have not already done so, G.
H. A. officials might give some thought
to Prince Georges as a possible site.
commission to attract new enterprises
has been appointed there and some
civic leaders long have deplored the fact
that the county lacks hospital facilities.
Evening star., 1938-07-27
Thinks Courthouse Site
Should Be Near Hyattsville,

To the Editor Of The Star:
7 NOTE with some concern that the
Prince Georges County Commission
ers are contemplating sending the P.
w. A. request for funds in order to
enlarge the courthouse at Upper Marl-
boro, or. possibly to build a new court
house.
What Prince Georges needs is a court
house in the vicinity of Hyattsville. It
Is ridiculous for county having IS per
cent of its population in one section to
maintain courthouse in a crossroads
village 20 miles away. The Federal
Government put up enough money to
build Greenbelt-it should be able to
put up little more to give the county
courthouse where it is needed If more
money is spent on the courthouse at
Marlboro there will be little chance of
getting much-needed new courthouse
in the proper location.
have been told that Prince Georges
changed its county seat in Colonial
times-from Patuxent, think, to Marl-
boro-and am sure q change is needed
more now than at that time.
SUBURBANITE.