davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-02-19

An original and hitherto un-
known picture-W written autObiOg-
raphy of the Sioux warrior, Sitting
BuII. leader of the Indians in the
battle of the Little Big Horn in
Montana, has been obtained by the
bureau of American ethnOlOgy Of
the Smithsonian institution.
During the winter OF 1882 Sitting
Bull was a closely guarded prisoner
at Fort Randall, Dakota territory. He
formed a friendship with Lieut. Wal
lace Tear. an officer of the 25th in
fantry. which was stationed at that
post. Tear, who served through the
Civil war as an enlisted man, had a
deep affection for his commanding
officer. Gen. John G. Smith, who then
was retired from the army and en-
gagged in politics in Chicago. He per-
suaded the Sioux leader to write" this
story of his life, intending to use 1t
as a unique present to General Smith.
Sitting Bull, Tear says in his letter
to the general accompanying the
manuscript, readily agreed. The lie OF
the prisoner at the army post was
monotonous and the Indian welcomed
any diversion to pass the time away.
He told the story Of his early life in
a series of 80 drawings, each depicting
some exploit He had done the same,
in cruder fashion, IL years earlier. This
manuscript has never, as far as is
known, been seen by a white man. 1t
was copied by an Indian named Four
Horns and several photostat copies
exist. The present manuscript has been
completely unknown to biographers OF
Sitting Bull He was an older man and
had had time for reflection. He had
learned. among other things, to write
his name and each drawing Is signed
with his signature. The early autobiog-
raphy is signed only with little pictures
Of bull sitting on its launches.
Silent on Custer
Although Sitting Bull agreed readily
to draw the story Of his early life and
his Indian cambats, he steadily refused
to touch on any of his encounters with
white men, especially with Custer.
Lieutenant Tear sent the manuscript
to General Smith, from whom it was
inherited by his SON, Robert A. Smith
of Bellingham, Wash. Smith presented
IL to the Smithsonian institution to In
sure its preservation as an historical
record.
Each picture shows Sitting Bull ON
horseback, engaged In q combat. Human
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-02-19

"HE west had its William Tell
But instead of a bow and arrow
he used a rifle and for the
famous apple he substituted a
cup of whisky. He had no son
of his own, but from the head of q
youth whom he had watched over and
taught in the ways of the rivers and
the wilderness, he was wont TO SHOOT
the cup of whisky. And he required Of
the youth that he, also, shoot from
the head of his friend and sponsor
among the hardened weSterners, cup
of whisky, not only TO prove his marks
rnanship and steady nerve, but as evil
dence that the friendship between them
cemented by years Of companlonship
still existed.
There is no third person playing the
tyrant in this story, for Mike tlnch
proved his own GeSsler. Nor did nus
craftsmanship win for him and the
youngster life and freedom and happi-
ness. on the contrary, it carried them
both to an early grave at the mouth OF
the Yellowstone river at the end OF
the bleak winter of 1929.
Mike Fink was one Of the most
noted Of the early-day river men on
both the Mississippi and the missouri.
He was not Of unusual stature, ,, DuC
was famous for his strength and agility,
for his pugilistic ability and for his
craftsmanship. He was a top notch
hunter and trapper. He came 70 the
mouth of the Yellowstone in 1922 as q
member of a party of trappers and
traders sent out from st. Louis by the
firm of Ashley & Henry. Andrew Henry
himself was in command Of the party,
which, after an unsuccessful tradng
trip into the country about the GIea ~
Fails of the Missouri had returned 70
the mouth of the Yellowstone. estab-
fishing headquarters and sat down TO
await the arrival Of Ashley with an
other party in the spring.
Lived in Constant Peril
Mike Fink had lived in constant
peril during all his years as river
boatman and as hunter and trapper.
Like all rivermen Of that day he was
light hearted and gay under the sever
est toll. passing the day in Jest and
song and accomplishing eXertlon,
sleeping at night on the river bank OF
upon the boats deck, generally Wit
no other food than that which the
boats hunter brought down during the
In winter headquarters at the mouth
of the Yellowstone, Fink had trouble
with his commander, Andrew Henry
The i'll feeling had its origin in Mikes
exhorbitant demands for whisky in de-
fiance OF the regulations OF Cne posi-
One day, enraged by Henry's refusa
to give him liquor, Mike shot 2 hole
in a barrel of whisky with his rifle anc
he and his companions helped them
selves to the escaping contents. Mike
was involved in many other incident:
at the fort well calculated to cause
trouble.
Fink had a protege, youth named
Carpenter, of whom he was very fonc
and whom, he frequently boosted. che
had raised from a cub"
Drunk and QuarrelSOme
Mike, drunk and quarrelsome. finally
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-02-19

became on bad terms not only with
Henry but with most of the other
members of the party. He declared that
he would no longer live with the gar
rison in the fort. Taking Carpenter
with him he dug a hole in the river
bank and fixed it up as a dwelling
and there the two spent the winter.
party to induce Carpenter to leave
Mike and return to the post failed,
but reports of them reached Mixes
ears and increased his bitterness
towards his former companions.
+ One day towards spring a party OF
the boys from the post, taking a sup
ply of liquor with them, went to can
upon Mike and Carpenter. A grand
spree took place in the dugout. Nike
wounded feelings were Modified by the
LIQUOR and the attention of his friends.
While speaking of his difficulties at
the fort and with particular reference
to the attampt made to induce Car
penter to leave him, Mike turned upon
his young companion and demanded
to know if ''he was going to turn out
TO be a dog" Carpenters response
was not made with the warmth which
Mike had hoped for and which he
thought he had a right to expect and
he upbraided him angrily. The others
interfered and Mike and Carpenter
shook hands, had drink together,
and the trouble seemed over.
Not so, however
During the years that Fink and Car
penter had spent together, the latter
had become, under Mixes tutelage as
proficient as his older companion in
all his accomplishments and in par
ticular that of rifle shooting, in which
both were marvelously expert. To ex-
hibit their skill and confidence in each
other they had established the prac-
tice of each shooting a cup Of whisky
from the others head, the cup always
being bored without injury to its bear
err Mike now proposed this customary
test to their friendship. He filled cup
with whisky, walked off 40 yards,
placed it upon his head and told Car
penter to fire. Carpenter, who had been
drinking heavily, aimed and fired and
the cup fell to the ground. But the
bullet had not only hit the cup. It also
had grazed Mixes scalp, such a shot
as Carpenter had never made before.
AS Mike clutched his rifle and gazed
at his almost-foster son the thought
flashed through his whisky saturated
mind that Carpenter had meant to kill
him.
Carpenter in the meantime had filled
a cup with whisky and placed it upon
his own head and called to Mike to
shoot But Mike remained motionless
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-02-19

sion. built at Bismarck that year, was
said to be the hghtest draft boat ever
put on the Missouri; there we're also
the Deapolis. the Frayne, the Wash
burn, and the Bismarck. West Of Bis
marck the railroads touch the Missouri
In only a few places and Baker had g.
small elevator at each of his landings,
bringing grain down to the railroad
at Bismarck in his barges. Old-time
steamboat captains like Grant Marsh,
William Sims, @. w. Blunt, and many
others worked on his boats in their de-
clining years. His operations extended,
even at that late date, as far as the
mouth of the Milk river in Montana
and up the Yellowstone to Glendive.
On the up trips coal, lumber and ma
chinery were carried, on the way down.
before the grain movements began,
livestock, wool and hides.
Captain Baker was a strict disciplin-
arian. almost fanatically devoted to the
interests Of the Missouri river and all
those who had any connection with it,
and so was often referred to as the
man who owns the Missouri" That
was not however, his only claim to
fame. He was a member Of many
learned societies, the recipient of
numerous important appointments at
the hands of the Democratic party,
including that of fuel administrator for
North Dakota during the World war
and has an extensive biography in
who's Who in America"
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-02-19

tensive warehouses and banking in
tereSts in Missouri, residing then IN
St. Louis.
That the firm of Tut and Baker was
interested in Montana long before
Il. p" Joined the Power outfit is
shown by a letter received by them
oct. 81, 1865. from a Helena CORES
pOndent. After discussing a gold ship
ment Of $4,000 already made and the
exchange this year being the largest
portion Of our profits" the writer
asked for information on the cattle
market in upper Missouri and Iowa,
saying: I'VE will want about 200 yoke
Of good oxen and we prefer to buy
them in the spring at about the same
price or even $40 per yoke higher than
now and take the chance Of going
through the winter. We will want not
less than so wagons for freighting and
you must post up fully and advise me.
We will want not less than 100 tons
By the very first boats Of certain kinds
of goods. provided we can make suit
able freight arrangements. We ought
to have not less than 100000 gold dust
to send by first boats so you can see
we are so far in good fix. We suppose
dried apples have reached their lowest
point before Dent CTutt) returns. Buy
500 bushels but we want bright, new
apples as we can't sell any others. We
shall want a large amount of tobacco,
chewing, snuff, and smoking. We now
have on hand about $4,000 in dust but
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-02-19

which revenue funds to meet the bond
demands must be paid before any
money can be placed In the general
fund.
while we are paying as we go and
also retiring our debts, there gtiIl re-
main about So ,6g6 900 OF the refunding
bonds which have priority over funds
derived from the license and produc-
ton revenue. The money necessary 70
meet this interest and sinking fund
each year Is approximately $4,000.
sWhile the state of Montana is work
ing its way into very sound financial
position we are IN no position to incur
additional heavy liabilities at this time.
BY continuing to practice economy we
win continue to reduce our obligations
without additional burdens on tax
payers"
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-02-19

The state general fund was in
better condition Jan. 81, 1888, than
at any time since 1919, William
HOsking, state accountant, said in
a report to Gov. Roy e. Ayers.
ION Jan. l. 1887, the general fund
overdraft was approximately 100000,
while on Jan. 81, 1888, it was about
$l16,O0O," Mr.. Hosking said. Major
factors in reducing the overdraft were
heavy collections in inheritance, IL
cense and production taxes. With rev.
enue from that type of tax increasing,
the states income from property levies
decreased, due to delinquencies in taxes
on major classifications of property.
Bonds Issued
I'm 1888 the general fund overdraft
reached the record peak of about S.
100000, and impaired the credit of the
state. In that year the state legislature
approved refunding bonds totaling $4,-
237, 900. These bonds are being retired
according to schedule each year with
interest. The bonds are lien on state
license and production taxes out Of
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-02-19
TrNFNTpTOY1TFNr rTTND

Montana employers have paid more than
50 600 600 into the states unemployment fund
since the law went into effect last summer,
according to Chairman Barclay CrAighead Of
the unemployment compensation commission.
Total taxes collected from 1887 payrolls are
expected TO reach 50 100 600 when al pay
ments have been made. he said Already ST.
100000 Of the money has been transferred to
a trust fund invested in government securities
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-02-19
COUNTING FLATHEAD ELK

census OF the elk herd in the territory Of
the South fork OF the Flathead river, is now
being taken by State Deputy Game Warden
carl Benson and two other men. one repre-
senting the forestry service and one the Flat
head Sportsmens association. They entered
the area at the Montour ranger station near
Ovando and will come out at Coram, north
east Of Kalispen They expect to take IS days
to complete the trip.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-02-19

The state collected a total Of si0906S in
January from its license tax on chain stores,
the state board OF equalization has announced
The amount included s40,412 In delinquent
taxes collected by the board under the old
chain store license law. The remainder was
collected under the new law. Board members
predict the state win derive $122.o00 year
under the new law.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-02-19

Poland's population in 1881 increased
twice as much as that Of Great
Britain.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-02-19
GENERAL FUND OF
STATE IMPROVES
is IN BEST CONDITION SINCE
1919, SAYS MONTANA
ACCOUNTANT

Montana Is Paying as it Goes" and
Also Retiring Debts, While Working
its Way Into a Sound Financial
Position.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1938-02-19
We Like to Get to the
BOTTOM OF THINGS

CEVENTY YEARS AGO, the founders of what is
- now the SOcony-Vacuum Oil Company, Inc, first
exhibited the Unsuitable curiosity which character
ICES every Socony-V Vacuum fabrication engineer to-
day. They we're not, is he, content with super
fetal findings We like to get to the bottom of
things.
That attitude is reflected in every CargoyIe In
dustriaI Lubricant. In mining, in railrOading, in
shipping, in manufacturing in every industrial
enterprise GargOyIe Lubricants earning Lubri-
cation Profit for their employers because they
doing thorough job.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1938-10-29
miami SCHOOL
SESSIONS
FIXED EVENTS
Florida Institution to Hold
Spring and Fall Terms
in County

After an October session, held
at Camp Carlyle, on the Chimney
Rock highway, it has been def
nitely announced that spring and
fall sessions of Miss Harris Flor
ida School, an exclusive Miami in
stitution, will be held here each
year.
The October session held this
year was successful in every way,
it was stated by officials, and it is
felt that the holding of sessions
here viii promote the health OF
students.
A number of the students were
so delighted with this section that
they signed a petition requesting
the time here be extended.
The entire school will shortly
move to Miami, the younger girls
leaving this weekend, and the old
er pupils leaving by special cars
on Monday.
While here students have en-
joyed trips to many points of in
terest in this section, have en-
gagged in horseback trips and gen.
eral outdoor activities.
The school will come back to
this section next May for the
spring session.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1938-10-29
E. n. SCOVILLE
PASSES away
Funeral Will Be Sunday
Afternoon at Orange
burg, S. c.

f. n. ScOville, prominent resi-
dent of Orangeburg. S. c., and a
summer resident here for many
years, died suddenly at Orange
burg yesterday, according to in
formation received here.
Mr.. Scoville had spent the sum-
mer here at his home on Sixth
avenue west, and had returned to
Orangeburg only about two weeks
ago.
He lad been in i'll health for
the past several years, but was
believed improved.
The funeral services will be
held in Orangeburg on Sunday al
ternoon at 3 o'clock. y
Mr.. Scoville is survived by ms
widow and a number of other rel
atives.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1938-10-29
SALUDA HAS
new MINISTER
DR.. Elliott Of Texas, Ac.
cepts Passionate Of Pres
byterians There

SALUDA, Oct. 20. (Special)-
The Presbyterian church in Salu-
da is very fortunate in securing
the services of DR.. W. M. Elliott
as pastor. DR.. Elliott is highly
spoken of by the board Of elders
of the church which he has serv-
ed in Colorado, Texas, since 1922.
He is esteemed as a very fine
preacher, an earnest and sincere
pastor beloved by mis- people, lives
what he breaches and has honesty
and sincerity of purpose, making
him a frien dof both young and
old, in his former fields Of SER
vice.
DR.. and Mrs. Elliott were here
for a while last summer and the
congregation are rejoiced that he
is to be here permanently. He
has two sons. one the pastor Of
the Druid Hills Presbyterian
church in Atlanta, and one study
ing for the ministry.
The Burford residence which
the trustees of the church bought
recently is being fitted up for
their residence.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1938-10-29
SPANISH LOYALIST PLOT TO
CETPLANEPARTSD DISCLOSED

In a formal statement Hull said
that so Grammar pursuit planes
were ordered from a Canadian
company by an agent Of the Span
ish government in Paris who fur
nished documents "purporting to
show that the planes had been
purchased by the Turkish govern
ment."
Subsequently the state depart.
ment issued licenses to several
American companies authorizing
expectation of aircraft engines
and parts to Canada with the un-
derstanding that they were to be
assembled in Canada and that the
assembled planes would remain in
that country, Hull said.
When it was discovered that the
parts had been used to fill the
Spanish agents order the export
licenses were revoked, he said,
but not before approximately 40
planes had been transshipped
from Canada to Spain. Hull add
ed that the documents presented
to the Canadian government by
the purchaser were declared to be
forgeries by Turkish officials.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1938-10-29

BUCHAREST Oct. %. (UP)-
Rumania today became a complete
totalitarian state, similar to Nazl
Germany and Fascist Italy: -.
Acting under orders of King
Carol III Victor Iamandi, minister
of Justice, renowned the last REM
nants of liberal institutions and
unclaimed 100 per cent totalita-
Ran principles. including the one
party system and cooperative or
ganization.
Iamandi's announcement coin,
cided with disclosure that Carol
will leave for London next month
on an official visit and will remain
there several weeks, instead of a
few days as originally contem-
plated. ..t
Iamandi frankly admitted that
international considerations, re-
smiling from the recent European
crisis had contributed to the de-
cisiop to establish a totalitarlan
state and wipe out remaining lib
eral institutions.
ave live in world where new
methods full of dynamic develop
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1938-10-29
FRANCE TO WORK
FOR 4.POWER TREATY

PARIS, Oct. 20. (UP)-The
foreign affairs committee Of the
Radical-Socialist party congress,
meeting in Marseilles, last night
called for virtual abandonment of
Frances system of alliances in ia
vor of q four-power alignment
with Great Britain, Germany and
Italy.
The foreign affairs resolutions
committee overrode the objections
of former Premier Edouard Her.
riot, staunch supporter Of Frances
military alliance with Soviet Rus
STA, who walked out on the COM
mittee during its discussions.
The resolution omitted all ref
erence to the Franco-Soviet pact,
which has been the keystone Of
Frances system Of continental al
liances.
The recommendations of the
committee conform with a speech
which Foreign Minister Georges
Bonnet will make before the con.
gress today, announcing shift
away from Frances League of
Nations theology in favor Of "big
four" collaboration for the pres
ervation of peace.
The resolution expressed hope
that the four-power Munich &C.
cord will mark the beginning OF
more extensive negotiations which,
without prejudice to any Of our
old friendships, will allow pernla-
nent Improvement in our relations
with Germany and Italy"
"The 35th congress regrets that
as result Of q series Of faults for
which neither the party nor it's
men are responsible, the League
of Nations no longer is in a con-
dition to assure security within
respect of law to all peoples" the
draft said.
The foreign affairs committee
added that It was hoped that the
four-power collaboration would
lead to an international confer
ence where according to Presi-
dent Roosevelt's WISH" means of
remedying the worlds economic
disorder will be examined.
Foreign Minister Bonnet will
tell the Radical-Socialist party
congress at Marseilles today that
France has decided to abandon
her League Of Nations theology
and rely on "big FOUR coilabora-
ton with the dictators for the
preservation Of peace.
Bonnet was to have addressed
the congress yesterday but his
speech. was postponed due to q
fire which swept the center OF
Marseilles.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1938-10-29

WASHINGTON, Oct. 29. CUP
Secretary of State Cordell Hull
last night disclosed that the de-
partment of justice is investigat-
ing a plot by a Spanish loyalist
agent posing as a representative
of the Turkish government, to OBJ
tain American airplane parts for
use in the Spanish civil war.
Hull said the occurrence was
one of two attempts during the
past year by Spanish agents to
circumvent provisions of the neu-
trality act and the American en-
barge against arms and munitions
shipments to Spain. In the second
case the Spanish agent posed as a
representative of the Greek gov
eminent, he said.
The disclosure was made. by
Hull in refuting a story contained
in a Washington newspaper COL
umn (the Washington Merry-Go-
Round) charging that Jos. Green
of the war munitions board had
refused to issue export licenses IN
the two instances because the
planes "might be going to the
Spanish loyalists.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1938-10-29
School
Population 6O37;;
424 In City H. S,
Edneyville High and Gram
mar Grades Enroll
615 Pupils

Henderson county has a school
population of 6,0S7, according tt,
enrolment figures of city and
county school systems.
Of this number $500 are white
and 447 are colored.
Children enrolled in the city
elementary schools total GIG, the
largest single unit, and the enroll.
ment at the Edneyville high and
elementary school is second with
615.
The enrolment at the city high
school this year is 424.. Enroll
ment by school units is as follows
Hendersonville: high school 424,
elementary GIG, colored hlgh
school "a, colored elementary 224.
Edneyville 615, Bat Cave ",
Balfour 303, Dana 544, Etowah
AL, East Flat Rock SIT, Flat
Rock 800, Fruitland 100, Fletch-
er 416, Mills River 514, Tuxedo
$685.. Valley Hill 3O2.
County colored: Brickton 49,
East Flat Rock IT, and Edney-
vile 33.
High schools in the county are
located at Edneyville, Dana, Eto,-
wah, Flat Rock, Fletcher, ana
Mills River. 80.
Of the total enrolment, 2,o91
are in schools in HendersonVllle
| township,