davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1938-04-12
Too Much Lawmakine.
m the Richmond News-Leader.

FROM the Richmond NewS-Leader.
certainly from the business world and
perhaps from every source will come ap-
proVal today of Representative Ram
specks intimation that the bill to fix
minimum wages in interstate industries
may be deferred until after the congress
sional election.
The country has had too much law
making during the last six years. Busi-
ness has been made so jittery by the
presence of Congress in Washington,
with the constant threat of new legisla-
ton, that no man knows whether to go
on with his plans or to keep liquid what
ever assets he has left. The patient
needs rest 1t may restore his nerves.
The country does not realize the fact.
but during the five years and one month
that Mr.. Roosevelt has held office, ap-
proximately 1855 days-Congress has
been in session about 1880 days. For
56 per cent of the time-more than one
day in tWo-since our President was in
augurated, the country has been in i'm
mediate uncertainty regarding legisla-
ton. That simply ought not to be.
Evening star., 1938-04-12
Still With Us.

Solution of the railroad problem has
been advanced little if any by President
Roosevelt's investigation. All the presi-
dental advisers have had their say, and
the net result has been the transfer of
the issue from the White House to the
Capitol.
In the wide range Of suggestions Of
fered are some which in the long run un-
doubtedly would prove their worth, but
these involve radical reform through
legislation with the inevitable accom-
parliment of controversy, and a Con-
gress that is thinking in terms of cam
paign year can be counted on to dodge
as much trouble as possible
The principal development conse-
quently that appears likely to flow from
the Presidents study is the liberaliza-
d ton Of Federal credit, without, however,
relaxation of the requirement that rail
loans have substantial backing. IN
creased borrowing can be viewed only
In the light Of temporary expedient,
but the chances for anything of a per-
manent nature are remote.
Eventually, the Government must get
down to cases and treat not alone with
the railroads, but with all forms of pub
lie transportation, that an integrated
whole may be perfected. Until tnat is
done, there is little hope for anything
constructive.
Evening star., 1938-04-12

be is entitled to a hearing Between the
two groups there is, naturally great
argument" Omar the Tentmaker sums
up the situation when, having listened
to doctor and saint, he testifies that he
"evermore came out by the same door
wherein went"
Neither Socialist nor anti-Socialist,
Communist nor Communist, can
save mankind alive. The radical tears
down, the conservative builds up, yet
the ideal society never is perfected. If
1t were, humanity would not like it. The
most pleasant utopia of which mortals
can conceive is dream with nightmare
implications. Mr.. Lewis himself In his
youth visioned paradise ready-made.
Now that he is older and wiser he mocks
his delusion. Nor need he apologize.
The poet Wordsworth and Heaven only
knows how many other mystics provide
him with all the precedent he requires.
II Karl Marx had lived long enough, he
too would have been called reactionary.
The experience of the author of Main
Street is so common as to constitute a
rule. 1t suggests an inner conflict Of
which most individuals sooner or later
become conscious-a struggle within the
soul OF every citizen not mentally dead.
Mr.. Lewis hates misery as much as any
OF his more notably doctrinaire con-
temporaries; he likewise hates constant
agitation about it. Perhaps he wants
what Ferdinand, the now famous Span
1sh bull, wanted-namely, nothing but
leisure to rest himself under his favorite
cork tree and to smell the flowers.
Evening star., 1938-04-12
STARS, MEN AND ATOMS
Notebook of Science Progress in Field.
Laboratory and Study.
BY THOMAS R. HENRY.

dlf1cult to test. No evenness of distrihu-
ton was to be expected except over al
most unlmaginably vast areas of snace
The galaxies, as Prof. Shaplev himself
had determined, have tendency tn
cluster together into so-called meta
galaxies The Milky Way system itself
forms a unit of one such meta-ealaxv
with two very close neighbors in the
Clouds of Magellan visible in the south
ern skies and three or four other vast
star systems not much more than mil
hon light years away. Another difficulty
comes from the existence of opaque ma
terlal, vast clouds of gas or dust
through which the light from the ex-
lernal objects must pass in traversing
the Milky Way system itself.
At the Harvard Observatory in South
AFRICA, however, there has recently been
found large and remarkably clear area
through which it is possible to survey a
very large segment of external space. It
IS ike an open window through which
one can look into infnity. DR.. Shapley
extended the observations to the point
where such a large area was included
that there was on an average only one
galaxy per square degree of magnitude.
Inc range OF space which it was nee
essary to survey before this condition
held true, he found. was considerably
greater in some directions than in others.
Thus the distribution of material objects
in external space, he concluded, was not
uniform.
This cannot be considered as proving
The expanding universe hypothesis, he
points out in his report, but it removes
one outstanding potential objection to
1t. 1t removes the necessity for the pres
ent> OF attributing the red shift to some
unconjecturable cause.
Evening star., 1938-04-12

New evidence for the thesis of an eX-
panding universe, based on a survey of
$4,000 galaxies of stars in the Southern
Hemisphere, has just been reported to
the National Academy of Sciences here
by DR.. Harlow Shapley, Harvard Uni
versity professor of astronomy.
For the past decade the outstanding
mystery of astronomy has been the ''red
Shift discovered by Dr. Edwin Hubble
of the Mount Wilson Observatory of the
Carnegie Institution of Washington.
When a luminous object, such as star,
is moving away from the observer it is
redder than if it were standing still or,
in the terminology of the physicist, its
spectrum is shifted toward the red.
Studying those gigantic systems Of stars,
comparable III size to the whole Milky
Way system, of which the earth and the
sun are minute part, which are mil
lions of light years distant in space, DR..
Hubble found that the greater the dis
tance the greater the red shift. The most
obvious Interpretation was that these
galaxies all were moving outward and
that the farther away they were the
faster they were moving.
This fantastic picture fitted the even
the Belgian priest-astronomer, Georges
Lemaitre, visiting professor at Catholic
University here few years ago, to the
effect that once everything in creation
was packed into a single Extraordinary
atom which exploded. Stars, planets
systems of stars and galaxies are just
flying fragments from this cosmic eX-
plosion, still moving outward from the
n1o$ n11
recent, according to the Lemaitre theory
that is not much more than three bill
lion years ago.
\
The definitely measurable red shift
found by DR.. Hubble fitted into Father
Lemaitre's mathematical deductions and
constituted the physical evidence which
led to wide acceptance of the Lemaitre
thesis and similar ones advanced by other
mathematical physicists. But two years
ago grave doubts arose in the mind of
DR.. Hubble himself BY very slight
difference in the Interpretation OF his
results the calculations would not fit the
expanding universe picture. He expressed
these doubts in series of lectures de-
livered during the winter of 1896 at Ok
ford University in England. The alter
native assumption was that the uni
verse was stable and, probably, infinite.
With this assumption some other ex-
planation for the observed red shift
would be necessary and this DR.. Hubble
did not attempt to give.
Prof. Shapley has approached the
problem from new direction. A vital
factor involved the distribution of the
galaxies. If they were scattered approxi-
mately evenly through space the fact
would give support to the stationary
universe hypothesis and leave the red
Shift without any present explanation.
That would be the distribution which
objects in cosmic space and stable uni
verse would tend to assume in the course
of astronomical time. If the distribution
was uneven over vast stretches of space
it would fit into the flying fragments
hypothesis of Father Lemaitre and
others.
The problem, however, was extremely
Evening star., 1938-04-12
practically all Of the time, the other

practically all of the time, the other
farther out for bad weather operations.
OF the two, it would appear obvious
that the close in" site is the more I'M
portant from the standpoint of air trans
port needs and should be developed first
or should be selected if Congress decides
upon only one Of the two sites. This
close in site, of course, is that at Gravelly
Point. 1t has been approved, virtually
without exception, by local aeronautical
and civic organizations. OF all the forty
eight Or more sites suggested through the
years for a local airport, Gravelly Point
always has been the preponderant favor
ite. Obviously, there must be good rea-
sons for such long-continued support.
The facts, according to testimony given
at many congressional hearings, are
that GIavelly Point meets majority of
all the requirements for an adequate
air transport terminal for Washington.
Camp Springs site is superior in two
respects-it is larger and it Is on higher
ground. lhese are largely onset by its
greater distance from the city-a factor
OF vital consequence to the users of air
transportation.
Congress should accede to the Presi-
dents request for immediate action on
this important matter. The need for an
adequate, safe airport for the National
Capital is not merely local need. Lo-
cation of model terminal here should
be a matter of national pride. 1t is
fitting that the President should interest
himself in this problem and not only
Washington but the Nation should be
grateful for this interest and the prac-
tical method of its expression.
Evening star., 1938-04-12
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES &. TRACEWELL.

curely, because no one pays any attention
to the barking dog except to reprove him.
~ +*
The psychology of dogs and cats is en-
tirely different.
In judging them, one has to be fair to
both animals.
This simply means that one must at
ternpt to fnd the good points of each,
and to minimize as much as possible
those traits we do not like.
1t is when this attempt is not made,
that we get the confirmed cat hater and
dog hater.
Our experience has been that the per-
son who honestly makes this effort has q
very great reward.
He comes to know each tribe of crea-
tures to find each animal interesting,
and, in its way, an engaging personality
OF the strictly brute creation.
The big thing he learns is not to con-
fuse the two.
He would no more expect cat to drag
any one out with it's teeth than he
would to see book open itself at page
one and begin to recite.
BY taking this step in being fair to
each, he is on the high road to applying
the same tactics to humans.
The dog and the cat are the only ami,
malS which have deliberately taken a
step out of the rank of the brutes and
come forward to greet man as friend.
Other creatures depend little upon
man from choice. Given the opportu-
nifty, they would all go away from us,
but the dog and the cat would remain
because they wanted to. Through the
centuries they have worked up a certain
sort of admiration for us, and a certain
dependence upon us.
Almost every one is willing to admit
this about the dog, some are not so
ready to see it in relation to the cat.
But OF the two animals, dog and cat,
the latter is less likely to go wild if given
the opportunity.
The cat asks nothing better than to
stay home. The dog. even at it's best. is
an incorrigble roamer, as every one
knows. He follows some trail for miles
and often gets lost.
Bird dogs of various breeds are per-
haps the most gypsylike of the dog
world, although most breeds like to go
on jaunts.
Hunting dogs, including the favorite
Irish settlers, have been known to wander
miles away from home, Often they
come back as they went, but sometimes
are not SO fortunate.
The cat is peculiarly the friend of the
intellectual and artistic nature Such a
man or woman finds in the ways of the
house cat something at once pleasing to
the mind and soothing to the senses.
Its very way of walking called by its
enemies "sneaking,' is all grace and
poetry of motion to its friends.
The cat is the friend of all persons
willing to be friendly. 1t asks no more
than that former American virtue Just
TO be let alone. But it gives real friend
ship to those who, among humans, first
go out of their selfish human way to ex-
tend friendship to it.
The same thing may be said of the
dog. the trained dog. that is. The un-
trained dog is another critter. But it.,
too, needs friend and looks in vain to
Its master. And who shall train him?
Evening star., 1938-04-12
Up to the Senate.

Under the conditions peculiar to the
District of Columbia, any local income
tax would establish so many discrimina-
tons and complexities of administration
that the tax collectors would be hard put
to show substantial revenue receipts
The version of local income tax pre-
sented to the House yesterday estab-
lished such fantastic determinations
that it was very properly and very en-
phatically defeated.
Last years experience in attempting
to draft fair local income tax should
have carried its lesson. The difficulty
seems to have been that some of the
members of the Subcommittee of the
House District Committee were so en-
amored of the principle of an income
tax that they disregarded the practical
obstacles to applying the principle in
the District of Columbia. 1t is unfortu-
nate that so much time was wasted by
the committee in seeking to accomplish
the impractical, if not the impossible.
The burden of raising sufficient reve-
hue to balance the Districts budget Is
now transferred to the Senate District
Committee. Why not take the practical
formula, so distasteful to the friends Of
the special interests, and present a tax
bill to the Senate that will produce the
revenue from the sources most able to
pay?
An increase In the existing tax on dis
titled spirits which will still leave the
District tax below what is paid in Mary
land, plus moderate tax on beer by the
barrel-imposed in varying degree by
every jurisdiction except the District
end a real estate rate of $1.75 would
raise, according to late estimates, the
amount of money necessary.
The bill passed by the House yester-
day contains the tax on beer, which
could be slightly increased without dam
aging either the brewers or the con-
sumers. The tax on hard liquor could
be increased without driving the liquor
dealers out of too crowded business,
and without imposing any great burden
on their customers. Beer and liquor are
luxuries and should pay their share of
taxes before the real necessities are hit.
The tax on real estate should be re-
duced. But it is difficult to point to any
practical substitute which would permit
Of the reduction unless it be moderate
general sales tax-the levy that a ma
jority Of the States have adopted with
profit to themselves and without great
injury to the self f-taxing taxpayers.
Evening star., 1938-04-12
LYNBROOK, L. I.

LYN61OOh, l.. i.
"Dear Sir: An article of yours in the
February 18 issue Of The Washington
Star came into my possession recently
(via some relatives of mine in Washing
toni which stirred me into writing this
letter.
although I was glad to read your
praise of cats, certainly was very much
disturbed to read of your apparent ig-
norance Of the much higher intelligence
Of dogs over cats.
How you can say that dogs are in
ferior to cats I do not see. Have you
never heard of the many dogs who have
saved peoples lives in time of fire, or
burglary, and at other times?
II can think of two news items read
just recently to that effect. One about
the dog who caught baby when she
fell from her high chair. Could cat do
that?
Another who dragged a child out of
burning room with his teeth; of an
other who warned a family of escaping
gas in the kitchen. And last, but not
least, the wonderful almost human work
being done daily by those lovely German
police dogs in MorristoWn, N. j., who
lead the blind, and therefore make the
blind person independent of people for
guidance through traffic.
do they use cats for this purpose?
Mo- Did you ever hear of a cat doing
any of the aforementioned things No!
Then let's have more Well-deserved
praise of mans greatest friend.
Yours sincerely, w. E. G."
1t is always pleasant to hear praise Of
mans best friend.
This column, in the past IS years, has
contained many tributes to the dog.
Now and again it turns its attention
to that valued friend of man, the do
mestic cat, which ordinarily does not re-
ceive so many encomiums.
Yet only recently in this city valued
cat helped save lives during a fire.
The house cat, whose middle name is
Domestica, belongs to a different order
of the animal kingdom. Its ways are not
the ways of the canine tribe. Those who
like dogs usually like cats, and vice
versa, but those who do not like the cat
seldom have good word to say for it.
Sometimes one may wonder if they
really like dogs. either.
X X
Little is ever heard about the times
when dogs fail in their historic missions
OF helping and flattering mankind.
Often these failures, which are mat
ter of record too, are due to insufficient
training on the part of their so-called
masters.
The dog depends upon his friend, man,
for his best living and service. If the
friend does not do his or her part, the
dog is likely to miss part of its rights,
and sometimes become a nuisance. Often
the dog is blamed, when the real blame
should 60 on the owner
Cases such as the following are COM
mon: A dog is allowed to bark at all
comers, good, bad and indifferent. 1t
barks so much, that its owner pays no
attention to it.
When the burglar comes next door.
faithful Rover fairly foams at the mouth,
but the owner is listening to his radio,
and merely barks out, Shut up!"
Rover refuses to hush.
The burglar next door works away Sc
Evening star., 1938-04-12
Marx or .Anti-Marx.'

Sinclair Lewis has deplored those pre-
vailing conditions under which American
literature, If not literature in other parts
Of the world, has become a footnote to
Marx or anti-Marx." His protest Is
timely and reasonable. Thousands Of
people. 1t may be supposed, will rejoice
in its pronouncement. But the thought
is not new. Indeed. on the contrary, 1t
is as old as the everlasting hills.
The critic Of things-as-the ARE, cer-
tainly, has the right to complain. Sim
tlarly, the critic Of things they might
Evening star., 1938-04-12

Henry Ford observed his golden
wedding anniversary this week. He re-
ceives collection of bound letters from
numerous admirers. In fact, Mr.. Ford
enjoys the esteem of many citizens, some
OF whom find it interesting to appeal to
the courts or to public opinion in man.
ner adverse to his immediate interest.
Perhaps Mr.. Ford long since realized
that perfect agreement by large num-
ber of persons is liable to result in stag
nation.
Evening star., 1938-04-12

place, and he would not figure at all in
run-off primary If one becomes neces-
sary because of a divided vote. A de-
feat for Senator Pepper, who has been
100 per cent New Deal supporter and
who has been patted on the back from
the White House, would suggest that
perhaps after all it will take something
more than just presidential approval to
win In Democratic primaries this year.
Evening star., 1938-04-12
Who'll Hold Them?

From the jamestown (N ~ Post
A Chicagoan writes Idaho's State
veterinarian that mango of bull elks can
be cured by rubbing mixture of EPSON
salts and borax into their skin. The
mice once decided, according to Esop. to
bell the cat. It's much the same prob
lem.
Evening star., 1938-04-12

Singers register as public favorites at a
far earlier age than was customary in
the old days when operate ventures we're
more usual Youth is being served al
though in the production of literary and
musical material it is taking its time in
a way that leaves talents for expression
more usual than the invention of suit
able material.
Evening star., 1938-04-12
Boy Is Father to the Man.

Every time boy gets scolded, he feels
thankful for lot of things his folks
never found out" said the caller.
Yes answered Senator Sorghum,
"and many a man feels the same way
after he is through being investigated
by Congress-"
Evening star., 1938-04-12

The Morgan yacht, the Corsair, has
gotten into quarrel over the matter of
small change and a right of way. AS in
other demonstrations involving human
contact, it is the right of way that
really counts for more than actual ques-
tions OF damage
Evening star., 1938-04-12
Caution.
From the Lowell Leader,

From the Lowell Leader.
Hungary's proposal for settlement of
her debt to us has been sent to Congress
by the President for careful considera-
ton. Any offers Of the sort are so rare
that there is naturally hesitation to ac-
cept them off -hand.
Evening star., 1938-04-12

New programs are to be discussed in
Washington during the week. In fact,
there are enough OF them to leave us
still in fear that perfect system of
relationship will not be attained even
through the most conscientious effort.
Evening star., 1938-04-12

Austria owes this country a consider
able sum of money. Hitler when he has
time for his arithmetic will doubtless
figure on how much is to be paid at a
time on this serious obligation.
Evening star., 1938-04-12

The Hitler idea of suffrage is to let
everybody write his own ticket provided
he is sufficiently expert to copy the model
previously handed him.
Evening star., 1938-04-12
Therefore the FIutter.

The bird that sings up in the tree,
Exclaimed, II see have no chance.
If modern hit would be,
I've got to learn a classic dancew
Evening star., 1938-04-12

"Our faith in human nature grows so
scant," said Hi Ho, the sage of China
town, that we soon arrive at the be-
lief that everybody who is ordinarily
polite is trying to deceive u.s."
Evening star., 1938-04-12
Secrets.

DO girls have secrets?"
mot often" answered the old police
man. Even when girl keeps a diary
she generally has faint, secret hope
that somebody will accidentally see what
she has written"
Evening star., 1938-04-12
Member of the Associated Press

i; The Associated Press Is exclusively entitled TO
the use Tor republication of all news dispatches
credited to 1t or not otherwise credited IN this
paper and also the local news published kereln
ALI rights of publication OF special dispatches
herein also are reserved
Evening star., 1938-04-12

"Mebbe we kin persuade everybody
to one way of thinking" said Uncle Eben;
"but any reader Of de Good Book will
tell you dat de 'speriment began and
failed W.T. de book Of Genesis"
Evening star., 1938-04-12
As Fate Goes.

did Gwendolyn take any interest in
the young fellow who stood in the road
serenading her last night?"
"No She is out riding with the man
who ran over him with an automobile" !"
Evening star., 1938-04-12
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Evening star., 1938-04-12

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Evening star., 1938-04-12
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Evening star., 1938-04-12
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Evening star., 1938-04-12
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Evening star., 1938-04-12

WASHINGTON, d. c.
TUESDAY April IL, 1898
Evening star., 1938-04-12

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