davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1938-11-12
D9c11lfcu1<tzeA Nf
People
By Frank RomeT
"BABOuSHKA"

"BABOUSHKA"
TOHELP the downtrod-
] den peasant, Cathe-
rine Breshkovsky (Bsbou-
shka) forswore her life Of
luxury as a nobIeman's
daughter, left her aristo-
cratic husband, gave up
her child, and, travelling
with a jealous cobbler,
roamed Russia agitatine
reform and revolution.
Siberian prisons, Privation
and exile never made her
regret her renunciation
Of her pampered past.
Copyright, 1888. By r. Romer)
The Washington times., 1938-11-12

to be in charge Of a friends
child, I'd probably go out and
hire a baby's nurse Immediately.
I like babies very much, but
they look so little, helpless and
delicate. I'd need some knowl-
edge and experience first"
X X X
Mrs. Alice De SimOne, 100
block E St. N. E., stenographer:
The Washington times., 1938-11-12
Inquiring Photographer

The Washington Times invites you to submit timely
and interesting questions to be used in this column.
The Washington times., 1938-11-12
GGVXTHATEVER STIR The

GGXXTHATEVER STIR there
w may be goes-goes like
that" she almost whispered,
spreading both hands outward
to denote the departure of all
"stir."
Like the night before Christ.
mas?" l whispered back.
mot at ALL" she replied
dercely. not at all. It's the
The Washington times., 1938-11-12

IAlN y " W - W. "a o. Dohbiuo
kitchen helpers or seamStreSseS,
would shake their gray heads
48 hours ahead Of a scheduled
fall and declare:
No. For Bridget's angels
aren't thinking long"
G6THINKING LONG" means
l. to hark back to some
melancholy occurrence and so
stir emotions to deep sorrow
and likely to tears.
How can you tell when the
angels are worrying over
Bridget?7 I once asked one of
these old women.
She laid aside the baSketful
of children's stockings she was
darning, took off her steel
trimmed spectacles and stared
at me.
You're the only one" she
said, that has the grace to ask
around this house instead of
mocking an old woman who can
see far into the past and far
into the ahead. And because you
seek my knowledge in a respect
ing way III tell you
She took on a sort Of ccremo-
niaI air, shaking out her skirts
and pushing the basket Of stock
ings behind her as though TO
rid herself Of ner invisible
though kindly taskmistreSs. l
had placed her on a sort of ped.
estal by my childish inquiry,
and she was now important-a
teacher guiding the thoughts Of
the very young.
The Washington times., 1938-11-12

There were old women around
the house where I was born who
could unfaiIingly predict the
The Washington times., 1938-11-12
VOICE OF THE PEOPLE


the writers will be omitted request.
The Washington times., 1938-11-12
THE ANSWERS

Miss Anna Schoenfeld, 1900
block Ninth st. N. w., stenogra-
pher:
The Washington times., 1938-11-12
THE QUESTION

If a baby we're left in your
care for a week, would you
know how to feed it and care
for it?
The Washington times., 1938-11-12
a

8. Which is longest here, A
or B?
The Washington times., 1938-11-12

nltted upon request.
The Washington times., 1938-11-12
Health and Government

the writer's will !
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1938-09-08

various ravages of time makes 1t
valuable.
The answer does not mean any,
thing because nobody has even the
foggiest idea of what that value
would be. At present there is just
one big buyer of gold. That is the
United States government, which IS
willing to pay anybody, anywhere in
the world, $35 an ounce for it. Ex-
cept of course to American citizens
who have been holding out on the
government by boarding gold &C
quired at its old value of slightly
more than $40 an ounce.
But even for commercial uses
gold is not now in the proud position
it occupied a very few years back.
Platinum is superior to gold in sorne
of these uses. 1t will resist certain
destructive acids more successfully
than gold. Its price has been de.
clining. No one is sure what the
platinum producers could do to the
price if it became in their interest
to market it in quantities instead o.
holding the price up. If one coulc
know what the platinum production
possibilities are, one could estimate
much more accurately what the
price of gold would be if it should
some day be entirely separated
from its monetary value.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1938-09-08

and the apparent inability of farm
ers to help the situation.
With the 1888 winter and spring
wheat crops added to the July l
carry-over of $50 million bushels,
we have a total wheat supply OF
1,135,989, 900 bushels. Since the
World war, the only other years IN
which supplies have exceeded 100
100000 bushels were the years 1880,
1881 and 1882. This years indi-
Gated crop is the second (the 1918
crop was one billion 9 million BUSH
els) largest on record, and even If
wheat exports are around 100 mil
lion bushels and the domestic re-
uuirements are increased through
such measures as expanded surplus
relief purchases, the carry-over on
next July | is likely to be around
400 million bushels, which would
be a record carry-over. Produc-
ton is large in other countries, and
the world crop is estimated at over 4
billion bushels, the largest world
crop on record.
Through the AAA programs, steps
are being taken TO deal with the
surplus that already has been pro-
duced. Crop-insurance premiums
will take some of it, Wheat loans
will keep some of it off the market
temporarily.
However, the real problem is not
surplus wheat, but surplus acres.
Farmers seeded 81 million acres OF
wheat to produce the 1898 wheat
crop. That is Is million acres larg-
er than the average acreage which
produced the SURPRISES of 1890, 1881
and 1882.
The national wheat acreage Allot-
ment for 1889 totals SIS million acres
With average yields coupled with
the prospective carry-over this will
keep wheat supplies at level ade-
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1938-09-08

zan league, which might more &C.
curately have been called 'tLabor's
Pro-Roosevelt league" He was re-
garded as such loyal and valuable
servant of the New Deal that sew
eral extraordinary things happened.
1t is commonly believed in Tennes-
see that President Roosevelt him.
self was responsible for Berry's APP
pointment to the senate after the
death of Sen. Nathan L. Bachman.
At. any rate, before that mystic
date, about month before the end
of the last session, when diplomatic
relations between the President and
Berry were severed, there was every
indication that the White House was
most anxious for Berry to be elect
ed. Rep. Sam McReynolds of Ten
nessee aspired to the senate. II
looked as though he might be nom-
| mated. So President Roosevelt
wrote him strong letter urging him
to stay in the house. The President
built up McReynolds' value to the
administration because he was
chairman of the house foreign af-
fairs committee. This amused
Washington no end, for most folks
who know their way around think
this particular committee is useful
chiefly in winning social prestige in
the diplomatic set for its members.
Actually it does not pass on trea-
ties, or diplomatic appointments, as
the senate foreign relations commit
tee does.
But apparently Roosevelt wanted
Berry to stay in the senate, at that
time. Then it became expedient,
in meeting A. E. Morgan's charges
in the marble case, to throw Berry
overheard.
7 But even Tennessee proves that
a strong state organization is much
| more important than any outside
infuence-federal, labor, or what
not.
Bell Syndicate. --wNu Service.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1938-09-08
SAYS ReoI Problem
Is Surplus Acres

BOZEMAN.-S Seeding within the
1889 wheat acreage allotments, now
being made to Montana wheat grow
ers, offers each farmer the oppor-
tunity to take part in a nationwide
cooperative attack upon the seri-
Gus wheat supply situation now bur-
dening the market and threatening
prices to farmers, according to A.
j. Borton, state executive officer
for the AAA. The AAA program,
of which acreage allotments are a
part, enables farmers of Montana to
ioin with those of all other wheat
states in a cooperative attack upon
the menace to low prices and sur
plus supplies.
Borton pointed out that record
wheat acreages for the last two
years, when wheat farmers seeded
more than 80 million acres OF wheat,
have resulted in more wheat than
can be put on the market at fair
prices. This large acreage increase
i is a fundamental cause of the large
wheat supply and the reason why
/ the new farm act calls for acreage
allotments to keep supplies in bal
ance. The present situation may be
summarized about as follows, he
says.
Wheat growers are threatened
with conditions that prevailed In
the crop years 1881 and 1882, when
wheat prices were the lowest in re-
corded history. In 1881, the United
States farm price for wheat av-
eraged SO cents a bushel. In 1882,
! it averaged 38.2 cents per bushel.
This low price resulted from huge
supplies stagnating on the market,
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1938-09-08
What You'd Happen II
II. s. Oicned All the Gold?

What would happen If the govern
ments throughout the world that
have no gold, or very little, should
suddenly decide that they were no
longer interested? Especially If the
present rapid movement of all gold
in the world toward the treasury of
the United States government should
continue until the United States was
practically the only government in
the world that had any?
There is simple answer TO this.
but 1T doesn't mean anything. The
answer is that gold would thereupon
possess only its commodity value.
Which is to say that gold would
be just what the demand for it would
justify, for ornaments, dental work,
and Various other uses where its ex-
traordinary ability to Withstand the
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1938-09-08
Rookie PatroImen
On Hit-Run Chase

Montana's rookie patrolmen had
a tough assignment last week-as
one of the final lessons in their 30
day training course they had to
solve a hit-and-run driving case.
An accident was faked-a man
supposedly injured and vague
clues left as to the cause of the
accident and identity of the cars
driver. After the driver was found
the rockies had to prepare their
evidence so it would hold up in
pip II lInoo
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1938-09-08
FOOD GONE 49, HAWK H0RDES
MIGRATE.

NEW YORK.-With ground squir-
rels beginning their winter hlber-
nation, and grasshoppers dying af-
ter having laid their eggs in the
ground, the food supply of the big
soaring summer hawks is rapidly
vanishing. Not being equipped as
are some of the smaller, faster
hawks, with the ability to catch 9TH
er food, these big, lazy, soaring
fellows are now starting to move
south
First come the great flocks of
SWainson's hawks, one of the few
hawks that travels in company with
hundreds of its kind. Lucky is the
farmer whose fields are visited by a
flock, as their appetite for grass
hoppers is enormous. A single
Swainsons hawk has been found
to have as high as 200 grasshoppers
in its stomach, after single meal.
Even If a flock of 200 or 300 hawks
stays for only one meal, the re-
suit will be a lot less grasshopper
eggs in the ground to hatch next
spring.
Swainson's hawks cannot be ex-
pected to stop for very long at this
season as they have long trip
ahead, and must keep moving if
they are to be in their winter home
in Argentina, South America, by
Christmas. However, they do have
to eat and rest as they travel, and
some times every post and tele-
phone pole for miles will have a
resting hawk perehed omit
Following the SWainson's hawks,
come other big soaring varieties,
red-tails, ferruginous rough-legs
and marsh hawks. They also have
found squirrels, gophers and other
rodents harder to find, and being
birds, the natural thing to do is to
migrate All during the fall these
hawks will be common sight
perched on posts along the roads.
| Here and there a dead hawk will
be found, hanging from fence,
shot by some foolish person with
out sufficient curiosity to open the
birds crop and stomach, and see
for himself what it had been eat
| ing Somewhere, however, ranch
er or farmer will have one less help
er next summer, in combating crop
and grass destroying ground squir-
rels, gophers, mice, rabbits, crickets
and grasshoppers.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1938-09-08

politics through the Mormon coun-
try" at first hand can appreciate the
situation. But there have been many
demonstrations, of which the defeat
of Senator Pope may be the most
recent.
The most amazing turnover in POI
litical history was caused in Idaho,
Colorado and adjoining states by
the sugar situation in 1924. Early
that summer the tariff. commission
handed President Coolidge a report
on sugar, recommending a reduc-
ton in the sugar tariff. Sen. Robert
M. La Toilette had just been nomi-
mated by the Progressives for Presi-
dent. He called on President Coo
Idge to act at once and reduce the
sugar tariff.
Not satisfied with this, he kept the
Issue alive from June to November,
demanding to know what Coolidge
was going to do. Coolidge said MOTH
ing, paying no more attention to this
than he did to the demand of the
third candidate, John w. Davis, that
he join Davis in denouncing the Ku
Klux Khan.
But In some way word was gotten
to the Republican leaders in Colo
RADIO, Idaho, Utah and the other beet
sugar states that Coolidge did not
intend to take any action about re-
ducing the sugar tariff. Whereas La
Toilette kept calling attention to his
own position, which was that the
tariff should be reduced.
Early polls had shown this group
of states strongly for La Toilette.
On election day they went strongly
for Coolidge.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1938-09-08

WASHINGTON. - People coming
back to Washington from Idaho say
that the man whose nose ought to
be out of joint over the defeat of
Sen. James P. Pope, who shares
with George L. Berry the distinc-
ton of being the only sitting sena-
tors to be defeated SO far in prima-
ries-or conventions for that matter
lis Secretary of Agriculture Henry
A. Wallace.
Pope's defeat, they say, is due
entirely. to dissatisfaction over the
working of the present sugar poll
cies of the department of agricul-
ture. The beet sugar farmers in
Idaho do not like the quotas inn
posed by Mr.. Wallace, it is ex-
planned, and they do not like the
effects of the quotas on sugar prices.
Critics of the present Wallace sug-
ar plan assert that not only does the
plan curtail sharply the amount Of
beets the mountain state farmers
can raise, but the further ideas of
Mr.. Wallace about allowing enough
imports to keep prices down are
very irritating 10 the farmers. It so
! happens that the price of sugar de-
clined again just before the day of
the Idaho primary. and the results
were very unfortunate for Mr.. Pope.
When if is considered that Senator
Pope was defeated by fairly mar
row ulargin-that a change OF little
more than 8 per cent of the vote
from his opponent would have re-
nominated him-this factor becomes
of some interest It is important
whether or not it IS true, as charged,
that enough Republicans voted in
the Democratic primary, in order to
hit President Roosevelt, to change
the result. For it is entirely posi-
BILE that even If this very plausible
charge about Republican voters is
true, Senator Pope might easily
have been nominated despite it, had
1t not been for the additional sugar
load he was carrying.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1938-09-08

It operates In a different way. Manu-.
facturers today compete not only In the
pricing OF their products, but also In
the development OF new products and
new uses for raw materials. The re-
suit may be even more useful to the
people as a whole than In the days
when the prices Of nearly all goods
were fixed by direct bargaining In the
market.
The making of prices over large
part OF industry Is vastly changed from
what 1t used to be. The producer esti-
mates In advance price at which an
article can be bought by an expanding
number OF people and then finds way
to turn out product within that price.
Almost everyone is aware that this
is the way automobile prices are set,
and the study found that the three larg-
est concerns In this industry have set
the high water mark OF competition
thus far.
Today, 1t is almost impossible for so
called monopoies to keep prices un-
duly high In order to make big profits.
Advances in physics, chemistry, and
engineering have been go great In re.
cent years that, whenever corpora
ton tries to do this, some one comes
along with satisfactory substitute at
lower price.
Previous studies made at the Brook.
lngs Institution indicated that the best
method of passing on to the public the
benefits of improved productive eff
cheney Is by giving the consumer lower
prices.
Policies Of Many Corporations
Are Examined
In the latest study, entitled indus
trial Price Policies and Economic
Progress" specific inquiries were made
into the policies OF many manufacture
ing concerns to find out whether they
were aimed in this direction. The study
was made by Dr. Edwin @. Nourse, di
rector OF economic research. and DR.
Horace b. Drury, member Of the staff
1t was financed under grant by the
Maurice and Laura Faik Foundation
sof Pittsburgh
Big corporations since the World
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1938-09-08

The study did not find that the per-
centage of the nations business done
by giant" corporations has been in
creasing. Production by such large en-
terprises comprises about 40 per cent
OF the total, which Is about the same
percentage as obtained a generation
ago.
Big and Little Companies Work
Together
The study shows how big and little
companies work together to the adj
vantage of both. Large corporations
are generally able to spend more freely
to maintain competent technical and
management STATS, and these compa-
MES have usually been In the front OF
price reduction.
But smaller concerns also benefit
from this large-scale production. With
larger concerns purchasing their sup
plies in large quantities and planning
production far In advance, smaller
companies which sell them supplies
anu raw lilaLSi diE Ill Lui IL hDlS III
plan production on the most economi-
cal basis. Many small concerns also
find 1t easier to borrow money from
local banks and other sources when
they have contracts with large corpo-
rations.
Operation OF Industrial enterprises
at their practical capacity Ia necessary
IL the nation Is to have maximum pro-
duction of goods. the report OF the
study says. Forward-looking price pol
icies, constantly aiming toward giving
| the consumer more for his money, were
found to be the most important factor
| In bringing about capacity operation.
The high level OF employment which
would come with such capacity opera
| tion would have far greater effect In
| raising living standards than any en-
ployment which the government could
provide.
Since 1870, while our large corpora
| tions have been developing, the amount
OF manufactured goods which the ay-
erage workers weekly wage would
buy was multiplied by two and a half.
AT the same time. the working week
twas reduced by about one-third
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1938-09-08

or fourth. 1t would
take too much space
to tell all the activi-
ties of George Berry
in behalf of the
President, beginning
in 1882 and continu-
ing until about a
month before the
adjournment of the
last session of con-
gress.
Prominent among
these activities was
Isabor's Non-Parti-
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1938-09-08

SAID, seemed to In
terest the Idaho vot-
ers a great deal
more than whether
Pope had been 100
per cent for the
P r e S i d e n t., and
whether Clark was
a Eyes, but New
Dealer.
No one who has
not studied the inn
portance of the beet
sugar industry on
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1938-09-08
Merits Of Sugar Lao
First Filth Idaho Voters

People just back from the state
say that Rep. D. Worth Clark dwelt
at length in his stumping campaign
against Pope ON the fact that he had
opposed the law giving Secretary
Wallace the power to dictate sugar
quotas, and especially sugar prices,
while Senator Pope had voted for it.
The merits of the sugar law, it is
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1938-09-08

indicate living standards have since $780,
about
$50
worker could purchase WI" his weekly
1887
1870 spite the
approximately
during this period
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1938-09-08

Waahington-Are our giant cor
porations holding down living stand.
ards by holding up prices, In an effort
to make exobitant profits? Has COM
petition declined SO that the production
and distribution of goods needed for
higher living standards la being him
dered2
A study which has just been COM
pleted at the Brookings Institution
found that competition Is as real as In
former days-perhaps more real. But
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1938-09-08
NATIONAL
AFFAIRS
Reviewed by
CARTER FIELD

. Merits of sugar law influence
Idaho primaries. What would
happen if the United States was
only country in world TO own eold2
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1938-09-08
Nature of Competition Vastly
Changed From Former Days
Development New Products and Raw Materials Added
to Price Rivalry

War have sought to effect economies
and promote efficiency, the study
found This Is in contrast to the aim OF
combinations OF generation ago,
which was chiefly to control markets.
suppress competition and raise prices.
Some of these older combinations were
able to hold up prices for time, but
eventually such attempts broke down
or aroused so much resentment that
the combinations were dissolved by
governmental actions.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1938-09-08
Diving

Diving
The earliest reference to the prac-
tice of diving occurs in the Iliad,
where Patroclus compares the fall
of Hector's charioteer to the action
of q diver diving for oysters.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1938-09-08

quate for domestic requirement and
reserves and leave ample wheat for
normal exports.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1938-09-08
boarding Gold Ouila,ped,
People Hoard Platinum

Actually a good many people in
this country, prevented by law from
boarding gold, but very much afraid
of imitation and anxious to hedge
against it, have been boarding plati-
mum. There is even the hope of
profit, for If that world war we have
been worried about for several
years should break out, it is thought
that the price of platinum would adj
vance Especially if the war in
volved Russia.
Lack of knowledge about the pos
sibilities of platinum production,
however, makes boarding platinum
quite gamble.
Russia, incidentally, is also terri
bly, important on this question of
the real value of gold-whether the
United States treasury is not gam
bling and IN danger OF coming q
cropper in making such huge in
vestment in the yellow metal. The
Soviet government is in better po-
sition to conceal her activities than
any other country in the world She
proved that back in the Hoover adj
ministration when, first, in year of
huge wheat crop, and second, in
a year of near famine, she played
the market IN this country on grain
futures at profit running into hum
dreds Of millions of dollars.
At present, no one knows what the
possibilities of gold production are
in Russia. Actually she is almost
equal to South Africa, as far as pub
lie figures are concerned.
But Uncle Sam is the only buyer.
Occasionally the British buy little,
but on the whole the world gold
supply has been drifting toward this
country's stocks. Gold is pouring
in from Europe and Japan, to
finance war purchases. As long as
it will buy goods in America, GER
tainly there will be no gestures to
discourage Washington from re-
garding it as the most important
thing in the world.
President Sours on
Berry, His Great Ally
Greatly to the surprise of most
outside observers who studied the
situation on the ground, Sen. George
L. Berry ran second in the primary
/ They had figurpd ha WOULD r,,y, third