davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hagerstown globe. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1936-1943, 1938-06-24

Washington county about this
time is heard on every hand.
This brings any one who lived
in the old horse and buggy days
TO a little retrospection. Possibly
there are very few men today
who have handled the old cradle
in the harvest field of years ago.
It was really an accomplishment
not possessed by every man who
attempted to WELD a cradle, to
any degree of efficiency There
we're those who could cradle, too
of course, but every neightorhood
had it's champion, who could cut
more acres, making more shocks,
than any one else thereabouts
And it was really marvellous
especially as we look at it today,
the number of acres of wheat
that could be laid in row be-
hind the GRADER, followed by a
raker and still another worker
whose duty was to bind the
bundles put in shape by the raker.
Then. of course followed, usually
two men putting sheaves on
shocks.
And back in those days quite
a number of women took a hand
in cutting the crop. Harvesting
is more or less a hurry job as if
too long delayed, which some
times occuder with interruption
Of rain, some of the grain becom-
ing too ripe and shattering,"
causing loss. Perhaps there were
women (some of the more brawny
ones) who would tackle a cradle
but as a rule, when the women
did help, they raked, or perhaps
gathered sheaves. By the way,
there were those who also gath
cred the sheaves in bundles of
sufficient number to make a
shock of proper size. This work
was usually assigned to boys and
in many instances, girls.
But soon the harvesting ma
chine makes its appearance. The
first was a machine, drawn by
horses, which cut the grain and
laid it on a platform of the ma
chine. Revolving rakes gently
leanded the grain toward sickle of
the machine, so that it did not
fall in front of the knives and
choke them. Then patent made
certain rake take the cut grain
Off of the platform, instead of
some one riding the machaine and
tripping the rake intended to
take off the grain.
Next was the reaper which
automatically tFipped certain
rake and caused it rake of the
grain All these were innovat-
ions in their turn and more or less
curiosity.
But in the very beginning. we
are told, the first reaping machine
! My cut the grain and threw it
On a platform, ridden by some
one whose duty it was to rake it
OF on the ground by hand.
But the machine which would
cut off the grain, bind it and toss
the sheaves out in a row on the
other side, was the climax of
mans ingenuity. it was thought.
Inc first farmer getting a self
The Hagerstown globe. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1936-1943, 1938-06-24
BY THE OLD LAMPLIeHTgR

binder in the neighborhod would
be visited by many other farmers
to see the marvel work.
Some Improvements have add.
ed, even to the self binder, which
at first required sometimes as
many as four horses to drag the
cumbersome mashine over the
field. The size has been reduced
until two horses can do it, or
tractor is attached. Thus harvest
ing grain is not the big event in
farmers life as it used to be.
Years back, this or that occurred,
just before, during or just after
harvest" For instance, John
died or Mary got married at
harvest time. A time looked
eagerly forward to in the harvest
field was when the ''Ten o'clock
bite was brought out, with home
made beer, as mother made it
and good things to eat. And did
the things brought out in a large
basket, covered with snow
white cloth, look and taste good?
Today harvest is usually over
in very short time, labor less
ened Cbut of course about one
fourth as many Employed and
the farmer can take an automo-
bile ride, or have more time for
cultural employment.
The Hagerstown globe. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1936-1943, 1938-06-24

The click of the modern reap
ing machine in the grain fields of
Washington county about this
time is heard on every hand.
The Hagerstown globe. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1936-1943, 1938-06-24

Reference in 'fHorse and Buggy
Days in The Hagerstown Globe
Of June 3. to a monument in Rose
Hill Cemetery in memory of
Charles E. Gall, a Hagerstown
policeman, who was shot and
killed on Oct. 20, 1866, has
brought forth first hand informal
ion from William D. South, veter-
an printer Mb. South, at the
time the event occurred, was 10
years old, and while not on the
scene at the time, has recollect-
ions Of it. In fact that day Mr..
South and some other boys were
on their way to st. James to hunt
squirrels. He remembers that the
road was crowded with horses and
buggies bringing people to Hagers-
town for big political demon
stration. Gall, when shot, fell out
of the window to the ground below.
Mr.. South says that a flag pole
had been erected at the corner of
Jonathan and church streets by
one political party to which OBJ
lection was raised by the oppos-
ing party, the result being a big
fight, which reached mob pro-
portions. Robert Sands, also a
member of the Hagerstown police
force, was seriously stabbed and
Charles Barr another policeman,
was badly injured.
The Hagerstown globe. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1936-1943, 1938-06-24

The Illinois Conservation de-
partment killed 10000 crows in
the last year with dynamite
bombs.
The Washington times., 1938-06-21
Dollar Gains
On Denial

NEW YORK, June 81 GN.SO.
Official denial by Secretary Nor.
genthau and others in the Admin.
istration that devaluatIon was con.
templated by the United States
Government gave decided strength
to the dollar in foreign exchange
today.
His complete and formal de
nial" followed a similar expression
by Ambassador Kennedy, who, on
his arrival in this country, de-
clared internal devices of devalu
ing currency ARE out"
AS a result, most foreign cur
rencies were off sharply against
the dollar. The pound declined
l 1-16 of cent to 1895, the Dutch
guilder was 5 points lower at 55.3e
cents, the Scandinavian currencies
lost 31a to Az points, and the
German mark dropped 81a points
to 40.S3 cents. The French franc
declined 3s of point to 2.78%
cents and the Belgian franc ~
points to 16.981a cents.
The London gold price dropped
below $35 an ounce again, being at
the equivalent of $34.93 an ounce
against $35.01 yesterday.
The Washington times., 1938-06-21
JAPAN ACCUSED
: IN OPIUM TRADE

GENEVA, June 81 G.N.SO.
Direct charges that Japan is
fostering the opium trade In
China in an apparent attempt to
break down Chinese morale were
made here today by Stewart j.
Fuller, American representative
on the International Drug Com
}fission.
Pin a formal statement. he ac-
eused Japan of transporting 170,-
600 pounds Of opium from Iran
CPersia) to the Portuguese Far
Eastern colony of Maco, where on
April 3 of this year the drugs were
unloaded and taken by Japanese
and Portuguese troops to Shang-
hal.
Fuller called upon his commits
sion to demand full explanation
from Japan, Portugal and Iran
on the basis of article % of The
League of Nations Covenant limit
ing traffic in drugs.
The Washington times., 1938-06-21
Bitter Bottle Is Forecast
Over Neutrality Act
By WILLIAM s. NEAL

1NS) Foreshadowing major struggle over Americas
foreign policy, Chairman Sam D. McReynolds (D) of
Tennessee of the House Foreign Affairs Committee today
predicted rewriting of the neutrality act by Congress next
year.
Three vital decisions expected to arouse debate through
out the nation, must be made. They are:
l. Shall Congress give the Administration the power
has sought to brand aggressor nations in an effort to
curb warlike dictator nations?
2 Shall the nation prohibit sale of bombing arplanes
and otherwise by law take steps curb bombing of de-
fenseless cities?
g. Shall the country abandon its present embargo
policy and permit American munitiones makers to sell to
any countryf
Powerful organized groups expected to launch cam
paign to mould public sentiment. campaign issue may
be made of the Administrations past demand that it be
given power to name aggressor nation.
Under the aggressor nation theory the Administration
would have power prohibit sales Of and munitions
to Japan while permitting sale to China
1T will be necessary to rewrte the neutrality act in the
next session of Congress" cReynods explained. "Those
sections of the present law dealing with what called
commodities of expire by limitation They were con-
tinued in effect for but two years."
The Washington times., 1938-06-21

keep alive and unimpaired the
right of human liberty be-
slowed upon us in our Constitu-
tion-aS beacon to all the
world, until the rule of justice
and reason once more predoml-
nate among nations"
CONSTITUTION VITAL
Welles said the Constitution was
"unqueStionably the most vital
force in the advancement of hu.
man liberties during the nine.
teenth century,"
During these past $50 years."
he said, through the vision of
the men who framed it, the Con-
Stitution has not only preserved
intact the form of government
under which our fathers chose
to live, but it has kept alive and
unfaltering the flame of the
American ideal-the freedom of
the individual under the law. 80.
LAS one surveys the scene of
today, how few portions of the
globe outside of the Western
Hemisphere seem still to remain
where the right of the individ-
ual to worship God as he pleases
and the right of men and
women to freedom of thought
and freedom of expression yet
persist"
The Washington times., 1938-06-21
Hull WithhOLdS
SDu Case Comment

NEW YORK, Jue 81 U.N.SO
An expression from Secretary OF
State Hull on the Federal grand
jury's spy ring probe was expected
this afternoon.
Secretary Hull declined to an
swer questions of reporters as he
departed for Washington this
morning, but stated:
st haven't read anything.
When I get back to Washing
ton at my desk this afternoon
will be able to cooperate with
you newspaper men. I have
been travelling and am not in a
position to say anything on this
trip"
He had no comment to make
on the report that his office con.
sented to the indictments in the
spy case.
The Washington times., 1938-06-21
Schurman Praises
NaZi Economics

ITHACA, N. Y, June 81 Q.N.s0.
DR.. Jacob Gould Schurman, for
mer ambassador to Germany and
China, and ex-president Of Cor
nell, told alumni here today:
It'd like to see America &C
complish by voluntary coopera-
tion what Germany accom-
plished by brute force"
After pointing out that there is
no unemployment problem in Ger
many. and that the United States
is the last stronghold of democ-
racy, the former ambassador
speaking extemporaneously, said
that this country needs to pull
itself together individually"
The Washington times., 1938-06-21
2 Evening Papers
Merge in Dallas

DALLAS, Tex, June 81 Q.N.SO.
The merger of the Dallas Dispatch
and Journal, both aftern noon
papers, was announced today with
the granting of a State charter
in Austin to the Dispatch-Journal
Publishing Company. The Dis
patch was owned by the Scripps
league 0 newspapers. and the
Journal by the A. H. Belo Cor
poration, which also publishes the
Dallas Morning News.
Alfred o. Anderson is to direct
the combined paper, which will be
published six days a week begin
ming July /.
The Washington times., 1938-06-21

Speaking before the PennSyl
vania Constitution Commemora-
ton Committee at ratification ex
ercises observing the 150th an
niversary of the American Con
stitution, Welles said:
"Today we confront a sadly
troubled and a tragic world. In
ternational law is being increaS-
ingly violated; the sanctity OF
international obligations is be-
ing increasingly disregarded.
Cruelty to human beings
which would have been incredi-
BILE even a decade ago is &C
cepted in some parts of the
earth as a matter of course.
"sELF INTEREST"
what part should our coun-
try play? Surely it is essen
TALLY to our Self-interest as a
people, and in accordance with
our prcudest national tradition,
to share, through peaceful
means of cooperation, in the
urgent task which confronts all
nations, of endeavoring, before
it is too late, to bring about a
new observance of the principles
Of international law and of hui
manity upon which the contin-
uation of modern civilization
depends.
"And, no less important, we
here within this country, can
The Washington times., 1938-06-21
ENVOY KENNEDY.
REPORTS TODAY.
TO ROOSEVELT.
European Situation Is
Topic Of Farley
BY GEORGE DURNO

HYDE PARK, N. Y, June II
GNS0.-On this, the longest day
of the year, President Roosevelt
planned to sit down in his Hyde
Park study and listen to an all.
important report on the delicate
European situation from Joseph
P. Kennedy, Americas ambasSa-
dor to London
The New Deals ace trouble
shooter, who appears to have made
a hit with the British in his new
est post, belittled upon arrival in
New York yesterday the idea he
was bringing back any formula
for a settlement of the British
World War debt to this country,
but conceded he would make IAN
economic ana political report"
WELCOMES REPORT
There was little doubt that
President Roosevelt welcomed this
report. Although Kennedy re-
turned to the United States for
the ostensible and personal rea-
son of seeing his son, Joseph, jr..
graduate from Harvard, the Am
bassador appeared to have a COM
prehensive picture of Europe's
trials and tribulationS from all
angles.
1t was regarded significant that
just before Kennedy left London
he conferred with all top heads
of British government, and in ad-
dition the diplomatic representa-
tives in London of France, Gel
many and Italy.
Still before the President await
ing final disposition were the three
big bills passed just as Congress
Observation-Disclosures, wages
and-hours, and the final deficiency
appropriation measure. It was ex-
pected all would be signed today
or tomorrow.
SEVEN BILLS VETOED
BY way of warming up for &C
tion on these bills, the Chief EX
ecutive yesterday signed IS and
diSapproved seven. Outstanding
among those signed were the $751;
100000 rivers and harbors bill,
and the act which gives the Secre-
tary of Agriculture power to pre-
scribe allotments for a minimum
of 55,000,0 900 acres of wheat land,
as against the 100000 acres
carried in the present law.
The VetoeS reaffirmed Mr..
Roosevelt'S opposition to special
relief legislation for any particu-
lar group of war veterans, and his
insistence that toll bridge bonds
should not be exempted from Fed
eral, State, municipal and local
taxation. He also refused to sign
a measure which would have put
the Department of Commerce for
eign service on a par with that of
the State Department, asserting
the coordination of all Federal
foreign services could be handled
better in omnibus fashion by next
years Congress.
The Washington times., 1938-06-21
|"REDS MUST CO."
OF AUTO
WORKERS UNION
Martin, UAW Chieftain,
Pledges Custer

NEW YORK, June 81 Q.N.S).
A complete purge Of Communist
members of the United Automobile
Workers of America was pledged
today in a statement by Homer
Martin, president of that CIO
union.
Determined to drive out "alien
and destructive forces" responsible
for Sit-down strikes and other VIC
lations of contracts, the automo-
bile workers will split their union
rather than permit reds TO retain
their membership, Martin said.
Bluntly, Martin said:
"The Communists must CO."
The head of the automobile
workers union disclosed his plans
to sweep radical clemens from
one of the largest union organiza-
tionS in the country few min
utes before he left for Detroit. He
had visited New York in connec-
ton with new contract signed
with the Brewster Aircraft Com
pany.
Asked if he would follow the ex-
ample of John L. Lewis United
Mine Workers in barring Reds
from membership, Martin said:
Eyes. A resolution to that az
feet will probably be introduced
at the next convention of the
United Automobile Workers"
CAN'T EQUIVOCATE
Then, reading from a pepcilled
statement, he said:
I'VE want a unified interna-
tional union, but we cannot
equivocate or hesitate with
union officials who refuse to
insist that the union keep It's
contracts, but contrary to our
constitution and the policies of
the UAW, continue to flout and
violate our contract, ordering
workers to strike in violation
of them.
I'VE want peace within our
union, but we cannot corpro-
mise with a cancer which
spreads it's malignant and alien
poison throughout the body Of
our union.
CITES DAILY WORKER
"The Daily Worker, Commu-
mist party mouthpiece, has made
the issue clear. This is a fight
against the alien and destructive
forces of the Communist party.
with Mr.. John L. Lewis, we
say, peace is aevirtuous thing in
Sofaf saS we can approach it.
DiSunity is probably a tenn
porary stage. 1t is subject to
change and not always the most
desirable thing
"A strong, honest, responsible
labor movement is part and
parcel of democracy and is
Americas strongest bulwark
against continuation of alien
dictatorship, Fascist and Com
muniSt. We must insist it re-
main a labor movement and not
become a tail to the kite of for
eign and hateful political move
ments."
Five national officers of the radi-
cal unity" group in the UAW
were suspended recently by Martin.
The Washington times., 1938-06-21
IS More Nazi Spies
Facing Indictments

ropa, who was arrested and found
to have secret United States Gov
ernment code books in her pos
session.
Ex-Sergeant Guenther Gustav
Rumrich, 80, Chicago-born, who
disappeared from his post at
Missoula, Miss, in 1885. His
bungling impersonation of a Gov
ernment official, while attempting
to obtain a sheaf of blank pass
ports last February, led to ex-
posure of the ring.
Private Erich CHASER, %, a nat
uralized German, who was at
tached to the Army Air Corps at
Mitchell Field, and who was active
in the theft of air secrets and
transmission of orders from Griebl.
The Washington times., 1938-06-21
Trio Convicted,
Face New Charge

CHICAGO, June 81 Q.N.SO.
Sentenced to State prison terms
for the $4,000 collapse of the
Hoagland and Alum investment
firm. three executives of the COM
pany still faced Federal Court
trial today for using the mails
to defraud. The three, George F.
Alum, Olaf Larsen and Henry A.
Engel, were sentenced in the State
Courts today to minimum one-year
terms after pleading guilty to de-
frauding the public.
The Washington times., 1938-06-21
Ndzi Public
Ignorant of
Spy Case
BY PIERRE ]. HUSS

BERLIN, June 81 G.NSD.-Tht
entire German public, from thu
wealthy and cultured in the smart
West End of Berlin down to the
loweliest farmer, remained in alb
solute ignorance today of the in
dictmentS handed down in New
York accusing 18 Germans resi-
dent here and abroad of espionage
against the United States.
Not single word nor the slight
est hint of the most sensational.
espionage charges since the Worlo
War appeared in the controlled or
gans of the German press. The
only reaction" available here tC
the allegations was that Of
shocked officials of the foreign
ministry and war ministry, who
declined flatly to credit any of the
charges.
EPISODE RIDICULOUS"
Bombarded by queries from
foreign correspondents for state
ment of some sort, an official press
spokesman for the Nazi regime
finally offered the following:
I'VE believe that this is not so
much a case where spies have
been caught, but one where
spies have been imagined.
In sum, it may be said that
the whole thing is ridiculous.
Whenever there is talk OF
espionage or an espionage case,
the chief of the intelligence
service is invariably drawn into
it,"
2 OFFICERS UNREACHABLE
Last night. when a high Off.
cial Of the War Ministry was
reached by International News
Service, he branded the charges
as "too fantastic to be taken seri-
ously." His terse comment epito-
mized the general official reaction
Of the indictments.
AT the home of Lieut.. Comdr.
lido Won Bonin, who is officially
listed as a retired naval officer
recently reinStated (the New York
indictments listed him as chief OF
Nazi Germany'S secret servlce), 1t
was said he was residing abroad.
A spokesman insisted, however,
that he was not in the United
States.
It was also impossible to reach
Lieut.. Comdr. Hermann Menzel,
another Of the German officials
named in the indictment.
The Washington times., 1938-06-21

at the treasury today.
Openly impatient with the pro-
tracted conflict between Federal
Reserve Board Chairman Eccles,
spokesman for the liberal element,
and officials Of the Treasury,
FDIC and the Comptroller of the
Currency who are aligned on the
conservative side, Secretary Nor
|genthau announced he would make
a report to President Roosevelt not
later than Thursday.
WANT BUSINESS CREDIT
Several months ago, Mr.. Roose-
velt had requested the Federal Re
serve Board, the Treasury, the
FDIC and the Comptroller of the
Currency to revise existing bank
ing regulations so that more
credit could be pumped into indus
trial channels.
During the ensuing delibera-
tions. which on several occasions
|reSueed in angry exchanges be-
tween representatives of the par
ticipating financial gencies S,
EccleS has insisted the Comp
troller of the Currency's policies
have been so severe many banks
are afraid to make loans to
smaller business firms.
LONG TERM URGED
Eccles is represented as favor
ing drastic revision Of banking
regulations so as to permit banks
to buy bonds of small firms on
an extremely liberal basis. Such
securities should be permitted to
mature over a long period, &C.
cording to the Eccles theory.
Although willing to permit such
purchases. the TreaSury-FDIC.
Comptroller faction insists that
maturity of such bonds be limited
to a maximum Of about 10 years.
In addition, the issuer would be re-
quired to have sufficient funds in
reserve to guarantee interest pay
mentS and various service charges.
DEPOSITORS PROBLEM
Morgenthau yecterday gave
strong indications that he sided
with the conservative bloc by in
ferring the Eccles' plan is not one
that would protect the interests Of
depoSitorS.
I'm drawing UP our report,
the FDIC, the Comptroller and
the Secretary of the Ire asury
have just one thing in mind, and
that is to safeguard the deposi-
tors" Morgenthau asserted.
The Washington times., 1938-06-21
French Sailors
Get Spy Terms

BESANCON. France, June 81
0.N.SD Convicted Of naval spy.
ing for Germany, two French sail
ors and a soldier today faced
prison terms of to 20 years, after
being sentenced by a military
tribunal.
Two other sailors involved in the
case were said by authorities to
have fled to Germany after desert
ing.
The Washington times., 1938-06-21
DEPOSITORS PROBLEM
CALF TAIL WANTED

ELK TON, Mich, June 81
G.N.S0.-Henry Hewitt's o "
gave birth to a calf without a
tail so he promptly inserted the
following add in the local paper.
Wanted: A calf tail with all ac-
cesSories to fit my Durham calf.
The Washington times., 1938-06-21
MASONIC MEETINGS

Masonic Lodge meetings sched.
uled for tonight are: National, No
IL, M. M; Arminius, No. 25,
social: Myron M. Parker, No. 81,
memorial service; King David, No.
%, M. M.
The Washington times., 1938-06-21
CLEANING PRODUCTIVE

JACKSON, Mich, June 81
GN.S0.-Spring cleaning at Jack
son Prison here revealed three
truckloads of clothing, papers,
magazines and a few knives that
needed removing.
The Washington times., 1938-06-21
Morgenthau Calls
Scrapping Aides
For Showdown
Ecc1es' Demand for Long Term, Easy Bank
Credit for Business Creates Rumpus
By ERIC FRIEDHEIM

NS) After weeks of bitter, behind the controversy
who should shape the Administrations banking policies
and liberal factions among the Governments
financial agencies summoned for showdown conference
The Washington times., 1938-06-21
Nazis' Espionage
Campaign Barred
AS 5-Year Drive
Spying on u. S. Part of World Wide Secret
Move of Germany to Steal Foes War Plans
By ROBERT G, NIXON

1885 International News servce)
Naz Germany than five has been seeking
the vital defense secrets and plans of the United
The Washington times., 1938-06-21
.eIIes Cites u. S.
As World Beacon
Hull Aide Says America Must Share II
Responsibility to Restore Law, Order

PHILADELPHIA, June 81 GNS).-Undersecretary of
State Sumner Wees today declared the United States
"do its part" to restore law and order in the world.
The Washington times., 1938-06-21
MONEY STILL TIMID

Bargain hunters delight miscel
laneous For Sale Household bargains in
todays Classified columns. Read them
and SAVE