davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana labor news., 1938-07-14
Housing Loans Create Jobs for Jobless

The tremendous force exercised by Federal
loans for housing in the mitigation OF the I'M
employment tragedy by creating work Tor
the voorhees, is impressively revealed IN the
estimate of the number OF jobs that Will re-
suit from the provision in the So, 7O0,000,O00
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES bill passed by
Congress authorizing the United States
Housing Authority to use an additional S3OO,-
100000 for self liquidating loans to assist
slum clearance and housing for loW-income
groups. Last year Congress authorized
$500, 600, 900 for this purpose.
According to an estimate prepared by the
American Federation of Labor, which sup
ported the new authorization from It's lncep-
ton. the enlarged housing program made
possible by the $780, O0, 900 will provide "di-
rect employment at the site OF the projects
for more than 10000 building trades me-
chanics and laborers, as well as to some 450,-
900 workers employed in the production OF
building materials and their transportation"
Full time employment for these hundreds of
thousands of iobless workers in the building
and allied industries will provide an immense
relief for the unemployed in areas most deep
ly affected by lack of work.
In surveying the effect the new housing
program will have on business generally, the
Federation declares it will require about
1.500, 900, 900 board feet of lumber, 3,750,OOO,-
600 bricks, 1000, 900 barrels Of cement, $780,
900 gallons of paint, and 100000 tons of steel.
Added to these constructive results in the
fields of unemployment relief and business
recovery, the A. F. of L. emphasizes the
enermanent social usefulness" of the en-
larged housing program, "the primary pur-
pose of which is to provide wholesome, de-
cent housing for 100000 enthusiastically
1000, 900 men, women and children-who
now live in over-crowded, disease-ridden
slums and fre-trap tenements."
Surely providing decent houses for this
vast number of persons in slum areas and
putting to work nearly a million of our job
less army totaling about II 900, 900 is a com-
bination of socially constructive features
which will receive the unanimous commen-
dalton of all our citizens.
Montana labor news., 1938-07-14

growth taking from the loads of other car
riers and creating a serious safety problem
on our highways and city streets. In the
public interests and for the protection of
those responsible for transporting passengers
and commodities on our highways, federal
regulation was the logical procedure. Rather
than create a new agency to deal with the
new field it seemed logical that the |. c.. c.
with its wealth of judicial experience should
take care of this supplementary field.
Amazing as it is, the /. c. c. with a back
ground of twenty years with the S-hour day
standard of railroads seriously declared that
a maximum of 60 hours per week or Is hours
per day was a reasonable regulation. Eight
hours for railroads with a special road bed,
signal systems, and special provision for
traffic hazards and Is hours on crowded pub
lie thoroughfares used for private t%ransporta-
ton and pedestrians with all the traffic
hazards of unrestricted travel.
1t is truly amazing that an experienced
governmental agency rejects existing stand
ards for modern industrial safety problems
and turns to the regulations of nearly a cen
fury ago. Nor do we have the sort of re-
prieve afforded by opportunity to battle the
issue through to a more equitable standard.
The l. C. c. ruling parallels international
discussion of the hours standard for motor
bus transportation in the June conference of
the |. L. O. and focuses worldwide attention
on a most r%eactionary ruling. Embarrassing
as all this is, it is trivial in comparison with
the needless accident hazards against which
men, women and children are unable to pro-
II 4l.o-ooo1rroc A fotio11od Irixor ponnnt
protect himself or others-passengers or
pedestrians. Labor has petitioned against
putting the regulation into effect and has
asked that a study of fatigue elements be
made before final action is taken.
Montana labor news., 1938-07-14
Labor Responsibility

Every gain of Labor is met by some
strategy by employers to take away the new
advantage. The big corporations are now
striving to nullify Labor's right to organize
which was established by the National Labor
Relations Act. The main lines of attack are
two. () To carry the National Relations
Board decision through tedious and costly
litigation in the hope of softening or revising
the orders or delaying its effectiveness SO
long as to render it useless and (2) numer-
Gus proposals to make unions responsible.
A fundamental proposal in these programs
to make labor responsible is incorporation
of trade unions. By turning unions into i'm
personal corporations they could be sued for
violation of contracts but their financial
obligation would be limited to the resources
of the union, whereas under existing law the
property of Individual members has been
levied against for union liability. Unions
can already be sued and levied against finan-
cially. Obviously we must look for the real
purpose of the incorporation proposal else
where. Repeatedly the statement is made
that English unions are incorporated where
as they really are registered as friendly
societies which carries with it advantages In
handling the property of the union. lncor-
poration, on the other hand, would provide
an entering wedge for regulation of the in
ternal affairs of unions which could easily
grow into RECOMMENDATION of the most repres-
sive nature. There is nothing in the nature
of incorporation that would promote greater
responsibility of trade unions. AS stated
above it would limit financial responsibility.
There is nothing in the record Of business
corporations that would induce the belief
that incorporation develops moral response
bility.
Montana labor news., 1938-07-14

Haywood Broun told the American News
paper Guild convention that he asked Editor
Len De Caux of The CLIO News to pay him
$3.50 for his weekly column, but De Caux
sent him a check for So. The correct thing
would have been to write a check for 81.
Montana labor news., 1938-07-14

The Japanese sentry who slapped the wife
of an American naval officer did so because
he thought she was a Russian, it has been
explained. Evidently the japanese army has
issued orders to slap all Russion women on
sight.
Montana labor news., 1938-07-14
A Reactionary Standard

It seems hardly creditable that a govern
mental agency should give official sanction
to a maximum work week of 60 hours and
a maximum work day Of IS hours. Yet such
was a ruling Of the I. c. c. for the hundreds
of thousands of motor drivers employed in
the trucking and motor bus industries. These
new industries have had a phenomenal
Montana labor news., 1938-07-14

The Countess Haugwitz-Reventlow who
renowned her American citizenship last fall
in order to live abroad on the Woolworth
5-and-10 fortune, is interested nov in joining
our country again.
To be sure that she would not become a
public charge, maybe it could be arranged to
give her clerking job in a Woolworth store.
Evening star., 1938-11-30
Construction Of German
Embassy DELAYED

Foreign exchange difficulties have
forced Germany. to postpone con-
struction of the proposed 81 900 900
Embassy in Washington, DR.. Hans
Thomson, temporary head of the
Embassy, said today.
DR.. Thomson said the postpone
ment was ordered mot because OF
lack of funds. but because of the
difficulty in obtaining dollar eX-
change" He added that Ambassador
Hans Dieckhoff. who is personally
interested in the new building.
planned to discuss the matter in
Berlin on his return there.
DR.. Thomson declared the post
ponement was ordered before the
recent recall of Ambassador Hugh
Wilson from Berlin. which was fol-
lowed by the summoning home Of
DR.. Dieckhoff.
Germany has planned new En-
bassy building here since 1909. Con-
struction was delayed once by the
World War, and later by Germany's
financial difficulties. Recently plans
were prepared for early construc-
ton.
DR.. Thomson said he felt a new
Embassy building was very much
needed to take the place Of what he
termed the "ramshackle" quarters
at 1889 Massachusetts, avenue.
Evening star., 1938-11-30
By the Associated Press.

PARIS, Nov. 30.-Here are the
issues and the men behind them in
the struggle between the French
government and organized labor:
On the surface the main issue
was the chain of decree laws which
labor said hit 1t hard by extending
the working period beyond the 40
hour week. raising prices and leav-
ing capital virtually untouched.
Beneath lay the political issues.
chief among which was labor's fear
that the new social laws-the 40
hour week. higher wages, paid va
cations-are being ignored as the
cabinet swings to the right. Many
even professed to see a disguised at
tempt to lead France toward dicta-
torship.
Daladier VS.. Jouhaux.
The two opposing leaders were
gruff. tight-lipped Premier Edouard
Daladier, a chain cigarette smoker,
and oval-faced. heavy Leon Jou-
IlduA, lcdUSI Ol tI1S NICIlcIdl NOIllcu.
Grafton of Labor, whose little tuft
beard stands OF center on his chin
M. Daladier was hailed when he
took ofiice as Frances strong man,
who had fought his way back to
power after the February, 1884,
street riots forced him to quit the
premiership. He has made his way
back by devoting attention to ma
tional defense and winning the con-
fidence of the army.
Partially as a result of his par
ticipation in the Czechoslovak agree
ment at Munich and partially due
to his cabinets domestic policies, he
has been losing popularity with the
working masses.
His attitude on the eve of the
strike was that his government
would go the limit" to break the
movement. Behind him stood the
army and many middle class
Frenchmen.
M. Joul1aux, an orator famed for
Evening star., 1938-11-30

vincial students to live in private
homes.
Sentenced Last May.
Codreanu was sentenced last May
n to 10 years imprisonment for
treason.
During his trial the govern
ment introduced a letter said to
have been written by Codreanu to
German Nazi leaders asking help to
make Rumania a Nazi country in
1899. Codreanu denied all knowl-
edge of the letter.
Chief among the defense wit
nesses IN the trial was Gen. Ion
Antonescu. former minister of war.
who testified that Codreanu was
real patriot. Last night Gen. An
tOnescu was ouSted as commander
of the Sd Army Corps by royal de-
cree.
Leaders Get Death" Letters.
Several government leaders were
reported today to have received
letters from the Legion of Death"
Of the Iron Guard notifying them
they had been marked for assassina-
ton.
The legion" q small inner group
of terrorists said to be ready to
sacrifice their lives to carry out
assassinations regarded as necessary
by guard chieftains, were alleged to
have taken an active hand in events
following the assault on Goanga.
One such letter was received by
the military court prosecutor in
Bucharest, saying:
"Executioner: The national tri-
bunal presumably meaning sort OF
court within the legion) has de-
termined that you have betrayed
national interests and have perse-.
cuted the movement. Therefore,
you have been condemned to death.
The sentence will be carried out be-
tween January l and January IS"
Evening star., 1938-11-30
Strike
Continued From First Page.)

general strike and what actually
happened follows:
The General Confederation of La
Dor asked its component unions to
call out at least 100000 of their
100000 members. making excep-
tions for certain vital services.
All railway, bus and subway work.
ers we're ordered out. A large per-
centage of government employees,
most school teachers, postmen
printers, theater, restaurant and
hotel employees and workers in mines
factories and many shops threatened
to strike.
M. Daladier countered with an
order requisitioning government
employees and workers on the rail-
way. bus and subway lines and in
other public utility services. This
placed them under military orders
and subjected them to drastic pun
ishment if they failed to obey in
structions to 60 to work
At the same time the Government
asked private employers to discharge
workers who failed to report. It
loaned them mobile guards to main
tain discipline in their plants.
Few Close to Strike.
When the zero hour came at 4
am. most of the workers hesitated
and few chose to risk punishment
In few hours most vital services
were functioning normally.
The armed forces did not interfere
with the few strikes continuing in
private plants and on some street
railway systems. But they did in
tervene Immediately where attempts
were made to prevent persons who
wished to work from going back to
their jobs.
BY noon it was generally agreed
that the strike was a nation wide
failure. However, mobile guards, and
in some cases troops, remained on
duty into the afternoon.
M. Daladier undertook to prove
his impartiality by reQuisitioning not
only workers, but also a factory
where the management sought to
enforce lockout.
During the afternoon isolated in
stances of sabotage we're reported.
More Effective Elsewhere.
The strike was more effective in
some other larger cities. Marseille
was without street cars and taxis,
but gas, water and electric serv-
ices were operating as usual. Dock
workers appeared on their jobs.
Marseille, like Paris, was heavily
guarded by mobile guards and
troops.
At Bordeaux, StevedoreS went on
strike en- masse. Street car service
was only partial, with cars guarded
by mobile guards.
In the northern industrial re-
gions, the hotbed Of left-wing La
borites and the starting point Of the
strike movement, infantry REIN
forcements were moved In to join
the regular troops there.
Valenciennes. where disorders oc-.
CURED yesterday, came under the
heaviest guard its residents could
recall. Troops patroled all public
buildings, factories and railroad
lines. Twenty men were arrested
on charges of interfering with
freedom to work. Mines and fac
tories there functioned, although at
q reduced rate.
The general Impression was that
Evening star., 1938-11-30
Japanese Complete
Drive Near Hong Kong

HONG KONG. Nov. 30 P.--Jap-
anese announced today they had
completed mopping-up operations
along the border of the British crown
colony of Hong Kong and that their
troops were advancing northward
along the Canton Railway.
During the five-day drive against
irregulArs in the border region at
least II Chinese civilians we're killed
by Japanese shells falling within the
British colony.
1t was believed that many of the
estimated $4,000 refugees who fled
across the border would return 10
their homes following the with
drawal of Japanese forces from
South Kwangtung province. Other
thousands. homeless as result of
destroyed villages. were expected to
remain in Hong Kong placing a
heavy burden on relief facilities this
winter.
Evening star., 1938-11-30

M. Daladier had strengthened his
position by his firm stand. Although
he had lost his former Socialist and
Communist supporters, members OF
his own radical Socialist party and
conservative groups privately ap-
plauded his action enthusiastically.
Political observers believed M.
Daladier now had a better chance
of obtaining ratification of his de-
cree laws when Parliament returns.
He would then be in a position to
proceed with his three-year recovery
plan.
Optimism in official quarters that
the power of organized labor had
been broken was reflected in finan-
cial circles.
The. franc took a sudden upward
turn. It was quoted at 1924 to the
dollar and 1883 to the pound IN
bank trading, compared to yester-
days official closing rates Of $3.50
and l7848.
Evening star., 1938-11-30
Social Reforms Real Issues
In French Labor Struggle

his organizing ability. now stands
AL the head of a confederation Of
more than 5000 900 members.
Bulwark Of Peoples Front.
Since the great wave Of occupa-
ton strikes in June. 1896. took more
than 100000 workers from jobs
and skyrocketed membership, M.
Jouhaux has been the bulwark of
the Peoples Front Union Of the Left
ist parties.
He was one of the key figures be-
hind Socialist Leon Blum. the first
Peoples Front Premier. who took Of
fee June 4. 1886. and other govern
ments up to the present Daladier
cabinet. - .... ....-
Evening star., 1938-11-30
Chamberlain Finds
Value in Italian Trip
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, Nov. 30.-Deluged with
barbed questions about his plan to
visit Premier Mussolini in Italy In
January, Prime Minister Chamber
lain told the House of Commons to-
day he believed it might have bene-
fetal effects" in the direction of
European appeasement.
Clement r. Atlee, leader of the
Labor opposition. and others assailed
the idea of such q visit while Italian
planes in the Spanish insurgent air
force were bombing British ships in
Spanish government ports.
Mr.. Chamberlain replied merely,
''The date of the visit has not been
fixed"
Evening star., 1938-11-30
Value 10 czechs
OF Guarantee by
Powers Secuted
Attitude in London Is
That Reich and ItoIy
Are Responsible
BY WILLIAM II. STONEMAN,

BY WILLIAM H. STONEMAN,
chieaso Daily News Foreign Correspondent.
LONDON, Nov. 30.-It is now taken
for granted in London. as far as the
British are concerned, that the joint
guarantee which was given to the
new frontiers Of Czechoslovakia at
the time Of the Munich agreement
would be worth just about the paper
it was written on If that country
were to be attacked tomorrow.
!. Although Sir Thomas Inskip.
British minister for coordination of
defense, stated nearly two months
ago that Great Britain felt that it
was under moral obligation to re-
gard the guarantee as being in force.
the ofIicial attitude here now seems
to be that Germany and Italy are
primarily responsible and ulat
France and Britain would have TO
be excused from taking action if
Czechoslovakia were invaded.
The London Times, which is ex-
tremely close to Prime Minister
Chamberlain on matters of foreign
policy, believes that Italy and Ge-~
many must assume responsibility for
the guarantee both for political and
for geographical reasons. Since
Munich. 1t states. "a greater length
of new frontiers has been laid down
by only two powers-Germany and
1taly-in their meeting at Vienna.
The German and italian govern
ments, therefore. both for this rea-
son and for geographical reasons.
seem to have primary responsibility
in the matter"
Britain. 1t states, must be prepared
to play its part "as far as geo.
graphical conditions allow''-in other
words, no active part at all.
tCopyrisht, 1898. By Chicaso Daily
News. Ine.D
Evening star., 1938-11-30
A. 6. Beach Retires
From Land Office Post

After more than 80 years in Gov
ernment service, Arthur C. Beach,
4335 Thirtieth street NV. today re-
tired as associate attorney for the
General Land Office.
Born near Bay City. Mich, De-
cember II, 1868, Mr.. Beach reaches
the statutory age of retirement next
month.
Entering the Federal service as a
clerk in the Census Once, July II,
1900, he was transferred to the Cen
eral Land Office three years later.
During his career as associate at
torney, Mr.. Beach played proni-
nent part in the adjudication of
many important cases involving the
administration Of the public lands
ct the United States.
Evening star., 1938-11-30
Geological Survey
illustrator Retires

Miss Frances Wieser. an illustrator
with the Geological Survey. is re.
firing today after 80 years of service
with the survey.
Miss Wieser. whose Office is located
in the National Museum Building,
lives at 1907 Columbia road. Friends
said she scored 100 per cent on her
drawings for the civil service exami.
nation 38 years ago.
Evening star., 1938-11-30
Rumuniu
Continued From First Page)

victed Of assassinating Premier
Ion Duca at Sinaia in December,
1888. Ten were convicted of COM
plicity in The murder Of Mihail
Steleses1 iron guardist who was
shot i Jr1y, 1896. as he lay ill in
a Buc6atest hospital. The guards
'Legiod Cf Death" accused him of
bertayirk the movement.
Military and civil authorities
hastened to the scene and exoner-
ated the guards. who. the officials
said, acted lawfully by commanding
the prisoners to halt before firing.
Prison physicians examined the
bodies and ordered immediate
burials, which took place in the
cemetery of Jilava Military Prison
near Bucharest.
Authorities, believing they were
faced with what seemed a nation
wide conspiracy to foment an Iron
Guard rebellion, had wanted clues
from Codreanu to determine
whether that blond. resourceful
leader was able to direct Guard
activities from prison.
Bucharest Excited. -'
Bucharest was greatly excited.
Military authorities were alert for
any repercussion. The first impress
sion among qualified observers was
that the mass staying was a crush
ing blow to Iron Guard secret coun-
ellis. which during the last few days
were marking several prominent
government leaders for execution.
Special trains, meanwhile, took
detectives to Cluj for investigation
of the Goanga shooting. Authori-
ties said they found indications the
Iron Guard had made considerable
headway in organizing students at
Cluj and charged students in So
called terrorist schools practiced
bomb throwing and craftsmanship.
Goanga's condition was reported
improved today. Many students
signed statements expressing re-
gret over the attack and demanding
the suppression of lawlessness. Some
contributed to . fund for the family
Of a policeman slain as he tried to
defend Goanga from an attacker.
The education ministry issued de-
crees providing for closer control
of schools One order forbade pro-
Evening star., 1938-11-30
japanese M!ayLet
Isolated American
Gunboat Leave
Foreign Worships Viii
Be Permitted to 60
Down Yonotzs
BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND
United State Gunboat Monoc-
acy has been subject OF Differ
ences bstween American and
Japanese governments at various
tinses since ldst summer, sclten IN.
Uddtng uessels tcere making their
may up Yan0tze past Kiukidng
to HankotD. Jnpdnese retused to
permit the Monocdey to 90 do,Dn
). the Yangtze to be replaced by an.
other United States gunbodt.
- the Associatee Press.
SHANGHAI, Nov. 30.-Japanese
indicated today the United States
gunboat Monocacy. long isolated
near Kiukiany as . result Of jap
anese military and naval activities
along the Yangtze River, might soon
return to Shanghai.
Vice Admiral Koshiro Ottawa,
commander -in-chief of the Japan
ese fleet In China, announced that
the Monocacy and other foreign ves-
sels in the Yangtze would be permit
ted to come down the river II naval
authorities Of the various nations
asked permission.
Six Other Gunboats Marooned.
In addition to the Monocacy, there
are six other foreign gunboats IN the
Yangtze between Wuhu and Yo-
chow, all British and French. Pre-
viously the Japanese had refused
requests to allow the vessels to pro-
ceed downstream.
Guarding against foreign pressure
for commercial navigation rights
Japanese authorities stipulated they
would permit the seven gunboats to
move down the Yangtze only as a
group accompanied by Japanese
warships.
Other Stipulations Withheld.
Foreign gunboats returning up
the river would be subject to the
same restrictions because of alleged
dongers of floating mines. The
navy spokesman declined to reveal
other stipulations.
It was understood none Of the
foreign naval commanders would
ask permission to move down the
Yangtze until they had instructions
from their respective governments,
since q major question of free navi-
CATION of the river is involved.
Evening star., 1938-11-30
Hull
tContinued From First Page.)

to attend a reception at the Ameri-
can Legation.
Talking with reporters. Mr.. Hull
said the State Department would
make all possible efforts to obtain
early ratification of four treaties.
signed with Panama in March 1896.
The treaties were approved by
the Senate Foreign Relations Com
mittee shortly before the end of
the last session of Congress but
were not considered by the whole
Senate. They are expected to come
up at the session beginning In jan
uarv.
One of the treaties concerns re-
lations between the Panama Canal
Zone and the Republic of Panams.
Evening star., 1938-11-30
Mexico Denies Entry
To l2Germon Jews
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
f., VERACRUZ, Mexico. Nov. 30
Twelve German Jews, denied entry
to Mexico because custom officials
held their passports not in order,
started back to Europe today.
They sailed aboard the German
boat Iberia, which brought them
here 20 DAYS ago.