davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1938-10-01
Hit Bankers
For Rail Cuts

Continued from Page II
policy Of this nation and Of
this administration.
ut cannot be successfully
denied that the condition of
these railroads is due to mis-
management under banker con-
troll and not until these rail-
roads are taken out of the con-
troll of the banking interests can
this railroad problem ever be
solved. A wage cut will not do
lit will only injure the well
fare of the railroad workers and
Of the country generally"
Representatives Of the carrier!
told the board in their opening
statements yesterday that the pro
posed cut would save the railroad!
$250,000,G00 annually, and Civ
essential aid to their rehabilita
tion.
Davis, pointing to the increase
in wages to rail workers last year
which he said amounted to 6 pei
cent, asserted that it was followed
by an authorized increase in rates
He also traced the aid given the
railroads by the Government
through RFC loans and asserted
that the carriers were obligated
to the Government to maintain
present wage levels.
The Washington times., 1938-10-01
2ermanY Paid High Price for Zeppelin Raids
Cost for Each Person Killed in Britain Was $6553OO
International News Photos

. It was on May 10, 1918, that
the Germans staged their most
ambitious raid of the war. Forty
Gothas started out, but only 13
managed to get over London. They
dropped scores of bombs in resi-
Dental and business areas. Re-
suit: "a killed, SO injured.
LOST MANY PLANES
An average of is Fokkers par
ticipated in each raid for a total
of 16,100 flying hours. Allowing an
average life of 20 hours for each
plane, due to the overwhelming
Allied superiority in the air and
the resultant heavy destruction of
German ships, the Germans would
have sustained loss of 8O5 Eng
lish-raiding Fokkers during the
three-year period. Valued at
$12,50O each, these planes would
represent a loss of $4,000, 900.
Add to these 81 Gothas at $4,000
each, for a total of $1,000, 900.
Other items are:
Capital investment loss in
trained aviators. $50 at $25, 200 a
man-$20, ,750, 900.
Operating costs Of planes at $40
an hour for 6,10O hours@$322, 900.
Pay and subsistence Of crews
$500 900.
Capital investment loss in OBJ
servers, $50 at $4,000 a man
81 ,660,, 600.
Ground costs 1000 900.
Bombs-$86, 900.
This, taken with the preceding
figures. makes a grand total OF
$36, $4,000. the outlay required for
435 raids resulting in the deaths
of 788 persons.
Another article in this series
| will appear in subsequent issues
Of the Times.
The Washington times., 1938-10-01
Georges Plea
White House
Denies Charge

White House officials today de-
MED the charge Of Senator Got.
ton Ed" Smith, of South Carolina,
that President Roosevelt h a d
snubbed the committee Of South.
ern Senators and Representatives
who wanted to see the President
yesterday on the cotton crisis in
the South.
Today the Presidents press sec
retary, Stephen T. Early, said
Senator Smith had made his re-
quest for an appointment at 12:40
p. m. yesterday; that at that time
the President was in conference
with Governor Hill of the Firm
Credit Administration; immedi-
ately following he had an engage
ment with Secretary Hull, who
stayed on with the President UNI
til the Cabinet meeting, which
broke up at 4:20 p. m.
Following the Cabinet meeting
the President had engagements
with three members of the Cabi-
net. Mr.. Early said it would have
been physically impossible to have
made an engagement with Senator
Smith and his committee.
The White House called up
Jesse w. Tapp, of the AAA, and
Harry Brown, of Secretary Of Agri-
culture Wallace's office, and asked
them to put themselves at the i'm.
mediate disposal of Senator Smith
and the other legislators, Mr..
Early said after this was done no
further request for an appoint
ment was received from Senator
The Washington times., 1938-10-01
PARISH ERLIN.
PACT AGAINST.
WA R EXPECTED.
Hitler Plans to Press
ri!ateraI Treaties

BERLIN. Oct. / 0N.S.j.-An
agreement er to 60 to war,
similar to ,..- historic Anglo-Ger
man pact signed by Chancellor
Hitler and Prime Minister Neville
Chamberlain yesterday, may soon
be put into effect between the
Reich and France, highly reliable
sources indicated today.
This strong possibility" came
to light this morning as the
Fuehrer returned to Berlin from
Munich following the momentous
four.power conference which
ended the Sudeten war threat,
fixed terms Of Germany's annex.
alton Of Sudeten areas and
brought about the Anglo German
agreement.
Nazi authorities here said the
Franco-G German anti-war declara-
ton probably would be forthcom-
ing II Premier Edouard Daladier'S
triumphant return to Paris gives
real evidence that Frances turbu-
lent internal political situation
has developed in his favor.
These same quarters predicted
the European political picture is
now destined to advance rapidly
based no longer on the League Of
Nations but upon a series of BIZ
lateral agreements in accordance
with Hitler's favorite method OF
settling international issues.
COLLECTIVE SECURITY OUT
The Munich conference, it was
said, definitely killed the French
favored system of collective secur-
1ty. What is ahead, in outline,
Is described as follows:
First, liquidation of the Span
ish question as rapidly as possible
through four-power cooperation is
foreseen with the likelihood that
strong pressure will be exerted to
The Washington times., 1938-10-01

stabilize the Spanish situation
sufficiently to permit a plebiscire
on the question of preserving the
republic or establishing a consti-
tutional monarchy.
Nazi circles contend that the
Barcelona government, like the
Prague government, will have to
capitulate, once it is confronted
with a four-poWer demand.
Termination of the Spanish
war, Berlin expects, will lead to
quick ratification Of the Anglo
italian agreement and the Franco,
Italian understanding, thus clear.
ing the way for a probable new
meeting of Hitler, Chamberlain,
Daladier and Premier MuSSolini
in Germany to consider a gen.
eral European understanding.
Such an appeasement, it was
said, would be based on arms lmi-
tation and questions of an air pact
and Germany's former colonies,
while remaining on Hitler's pro-
gram, will be handled without
haste.
WON'T MOBILIZE COLONIES
It was revealed on reliable
authority that during their talk
yesterday, Hitler told Chamber
lain:
II shall never mobilize our
colonies"
Nazi circles also said the Memel
situation probably will be settled
"painlessly, in due time"
Meanwhile, they asserted, the
western Notifications of Germany
will be completed according to q
Get program and that every foot
Of the Reich's borders will be pro-
tected to safeguard German Sc.
curity.
It was estimated here that If
arms limitation Is achieved, the
financial burdens borne by Euro
pean nations will soon be lowered
sufficiently to permit reduction Of
taxeS-and that billions Of dollars
will be saved.
The Washington times., 1938-10-01

theirs for one thousand years.
I'VE had to choose" the premier
said in his broadcast, between
leading the people to q hopeless
war, or leading them to life. Our
chief duty was to preserve life.
"It was the hardest moment Of
my life when I had to recognize
the utter futiIity Of attempting to
fight alone"
Minor demonstrations against
accepting the Munich accord
broke out and the government had
to send troops to help police main
tain order. Military authorities
announced, however, that the stu
alton showed no signs Of getting
out of hand.
It was revealed that the four
powers at Munich made Il star
The Washington times., 1938-10-01
BY FRED PAISLEY

For each man, woman and child
of England's civilian population
killed by Zeppelin raiders during
the World War, the cost to Ger
many was $655 300, probably an
all-time peak in the high cost OF
slaughter.
Over a period Of three years, the
Germans made 2O8 raids, dropping
5,907 bombs in London, the Mid
lands and Scotland. The casualties
were: killed, 528; wounded, 1,156.
Property damage, limited largely
to residential and business Sec
tions, was comparatively neglig.
ible, with no hits scored on mum.
tions plants, steel mills or ship
building yards.
COST $35O,OOO,OOO
These incurSions, conducted al
ways under cover of night, repre-
sented an outlay of nearly $780,
900, 1000, divided thus:
One hundred and twenty Yep
pelins at $2,500,0O0 each, $780,
900, 900.
Hangers, airports and mainten-
ance, $20,000,000.
Fuel and operating costs, $12s-
100000.
Pay and subsistence of air and
ground personnel, $8,000,000.
Training and requirements, S.
100000.
Bombs and other ammunition,
$1,000,OO0.
OF the 12O dirigibles built at the
order of the German high COM
mand to make war on civilian
populations, none survived the
great conflict. The majority were
shot down or were lost either in
bad weather of through explosion.
The rest, estimated variously at
from 10 to 20, were burned by the
Germans soon after the Armistice.
WIPED OUT FISH
A chance bomb hit the Hyde
Park Serpentine, London, in the
Fall of 1917 and wiped out all the
fish.
The Zeppelins used bombs of
various sizes. For heavy work, they
had 1,000-pounders, costing about
5000 each, but their favorite
around London was 500-pounder,
costing 500. They frequently
looSed shower Of 100-pounders,
costing a little under $40 each.
Most of the killings were with the
500-pounders.
London'S first Zeppelin raid oc-
The Washington times., 1938-10-01
CZECHS BOW TO Poles DEMANDS
Ebered People Receive News of Cesson of More Country
Continued from Page u

Continued from Page u
privileges accorded Nazi Ger
many in the Sudetenland.
While Prague's reply was
awaited this morning, Japa-
nese Ambassador Sakho ad-
vised Foreign Minister Josef
Beck that Japan supported the
Polish demands. This was in
terpreted as Japanese warn
ing to Soviet Russia that Japan
would not remain neutral if
the Soviets attacked Poland.
Compelled to Yield
With German troops. crossing
the Sudeten frontier to begin oc-
cupation of German areas of the
Sudetenland, the Czech govern
ment felt compelled to accede to
the Polish ultimatum.
POl1SQ troops were LudSSeu al
war array along the border when
the Czech government announced
it had accepted the terms of the
Polish note. It was added, however,
that the decision was reached un-
der protest.
Shortly before this decision was
announced, the Prague govern
ment broadcast this communique:
"The Munich agreement is a
great injustice against a nation
which has always served the
cause of peace in Europe, and
In the world.
"AH CzechOslOvakia has re-
ceived . crown Of thOrns.
"The statesmen who returned
The Washington times., 1938-10-01

CURED on May 81. 1915, when five
persons were killed and A in
jured. One of the more Spectac
ular raids was that Of January
5, 1916, when nine Zeppelins ma
neuvered over the midland coun
ties, dropping so 50-pound bombs
and killing SO persons. Estimated
solely on the cost basis Of $4,000
for the so bombs, the outlay pei
killing for this sortie was only
$85.
PLANES COST LESS
Compared with the Zeps, thu
German airplanes were less costly
the average being $4,000 for eact
death. Pretty steep when bal
anced against the German battle
field average of $1,000 per sol
dier, but an insignificant item
alongside the staggering sum o!
$655 300 a human life.
Killing by plane, which has In
creased rapidly since the Worlc
War, was expensive even in 1914
18 when considered in relation tc
the cost of q bayonet thrust, q
rifle or a machine gun bullet.
The first airplane raid on Lon
don itself was made on Novem
ber %, 1915, by q single machine
q Fighting Fokker. It dropped
six 50-pound bombs, which did ne
The Washington times., 1938-10-01
Occupation Plans
Speeded in Berlin

BERLIN, Oct. (E.N.S.)-The International Com
naittee named at Munich to make arrangements for
German military occupation of the Sudetenland met
again today for further discussion of occupation and
evacuation details.
Members of the committee paid particular attention
to respecting the first and second eU0c-
uatiOn zones of the Sudeten area.
The Czech legation here issued a statement saying
the discussions of the committee carried in
friendly spirit.
The Washington times., 1938-10-01

itlingly clear that Czechoslovakia
could do nothing but accept.
DR.. Vojtech Mastny. Czech min.
lister to Germany, who attended
the Munich parley, Informed the
Prague foreign office that when he
was called before the "big four"
to receive their communication, he
started to reply.
But, he said, he was tOId-pO-
litely but firmly-tO be silent and
that no reply was needed.
Whether Poland actually would
have gone to war over Teschen
was regarded as problematical tn
view Of a warning from Soviet
Russia to Warsaw against armed
invasion.
But there is no question that
the situation was a critical one,
and unanimous relief was ex-
pressed that Prague had at length
decided to accept the inevitable.
PRISONERS FREED
Pending negotiations, the addt
tional areas to be ceded are not
definitely known, but the FryStad
as well as Teschen district will be
involved.
American, British and French
ENJOYS to Warsaw called at the
foreign office to urge moderation
in enforcement of Poland's terms
and plead with the government
to await, as Germany agreed to
do, formal delimitation of the new
frontier by an international COM
mission.
The Washington times., 1938-10-01

to their homes prime Minister
Chamberlain, Chancellor Hitler,
Premier MuSsOIini and Premier
Daladier) were welcomed as
SavicrS without a glance being
given to treaties of alliance.
'NO recognition was accorded
their alliances with CzechOslO-
vakia or their obligations ariS-
ing from international con-
tracts"
The Czechs, dazed by the swift
surrender, crowded the streets Of
Prague, shouting their protests.
Grimly they listened as the
voices of Premier Jan SyrOvy and
General Krejci, army chief, told
them they had to submit without
resistance and allow the Germanl
to occupy territory which had beer
The Washington times., 1938-10-01

damage, between Brompton Road
and Victoria Station. From then
on, the raids were a daily occur.
renee.
Early in 1917 the Germans
started to bomb England system
atically. They had begun build
ing their big GothaS. The first
mass raid was in May of 1917,
when 16 machines left Belgium
early in the afternoon, arriving
off the English coast about 5 p.
m. Their chief accomplishment
was at Folkestone, where a bomb
hit a crowded street, killing 80
persons, mostly women.
The Washington times., 1938-10-01
Cooper Long
Champion Of
British Sailor

LONDON, Oct. 1 N.N.SD.
Sir Alfred Duff Cooper al
ways has been the champion
Of the British sailor and .
firm believer in the policy Of
protecting Britain's rule Of
the seas.
In . speech before Com
mons during the Mediter-
ranean "piracy" crisis, he
said:
British sailors have been
killed in this ugly business
and so long as 1 control the
admiralty / hope not another
British sailor will fall in a
cause which Is not considered
worth fighting for"
The Washington times., 1938-10-01
TSUO Story, 6 ROOtss
HOUSE FOR SALE

NEAR BOTH ST. AND BLADENSBURG
RD. N. E.-TwO-story house with large
rooms, bath, electricity and gas, full cell
lar, lot 50x142 #. to paved alley. Taken
over under first mortgage, put in eK.
cellent condition. including the heaviest
Johns-Manville roof new; this is a chance
to get house better than when new at
a great saving. Price. $3.50. conven-
lent terms.
For further details and other ex.
eeptional buys, see today's classl.
fled Ssesion. .
The Washington times., 1938-10-01
BRITISH Navy
CHIEF RESIGNS
Continued from Page u

Continued from Page II
problem and his unprecedented
achievement in effecting a peace
pact with Reichsfuehrer Adolf
Hitler in which Great Britain and
Germany pledged themselves never
again to go to war against one
another.
1t was not believed the reSigna
ton would seriously endangel
Chamberlain government, but II
is expected to encourage the oppo
sition to criticize his policy during
Mondays House Of Commons
debate.
No Previous Hint
There was no previous hint Of
dissension within Chamberlain's
cabinet. Duff-Cooper's opposition
to Chamberlain's policy Of com
promise apparently was voiced
when the cabinet met last night
after the prime minister's trium.
phant welcome home and heard at
first hand his report on the Mu.
Mich conference.
Previously, Duff Cooper had
thrown the admiralty into high
gear in preparation for war, rusn
ing the British home fleet to bat
tie stations at Scapa Flow and
calling up reservists. His resig
nation was announced only IN
hour after Great Britain had pe
gun the vast and welcome work Of
demobilization.
It was recalled that Sir Alfred
during a recent Baltic cruise, sale
that Britain would stand firm
against Hitler.
Duff -Cooper's action led tC
speculation as to whether Waltel
Elliot, minister of health; w. S
Morrison, minister Of agriculture
and Earl De La War;, lord privy
seal, might follow suit, since they
are known not to have been en-
tlrely satisfied with the foreign
policy of the so-called "innel
cabinet"
Further readjustment Of tn
ministry with a junior member
or possibly Dominions Minister
Malcolm Macdonald or War Sec
retary Hore-Belisha moved up tC
the admiralty was considered pos
sible.
Duff Cooper is not only a close
friend of Anthony Eden but was
one of the closest confidantS o1
the Duke of Windsor when the
latter was Prince Of Wales ano
King.
One Of the youngest members Of
the Chamberlain cabinet, Duff
Cooper was promoted to the poSt
of First Lord from that of wal
secretary when the cabinet wa!
reshuffled last year and Leslie
Hore- -Belisha placed in charge oi
the war office.
Son of the late Sir Alfred Duff
Cooper and the former Lady Agnes
Duff, sister of the Duke of Fife
the first lord had the traditiona
Eton and oxford schooling and
distinguished war career before
he entered government service a.
financial secretary to the war of
flee in 1928.
His wife is the former Lady
Diana Manners, daughter Of the
Duke of Rutland, famed for hel
beauty and for her role as the
nun in Max Reinhardt's "The
Mira or1oO
The Washington times., 1938-10-01
Marine Insurance
Rates Cut Sharply

NEW YORK, Oct. 1 U.N.S.).
With threat of war consider
ably lessened abroad, Marine
Insurance Underwriters made
sharp reductions in their
quotations ON war risk ship
ments today. Despite the rate
drop, quotations still were
substantially higher tn n
prior to the German-CZech
crisis.
The Washington times., 1938-10-01
TOUOfATRnidS

Herewith is the record of Germany's air raids the
civilian population of England during the four years of
the war. It shows that 8776 bombs dropped in CAB
raids by both airplanes and Zeppens Total casualties
were 1916 killed, chiefly elderly and women and
children and 5000 wounded.
The Washington times., 1938-10-01

9I9
TODAY


mi
miles (incudug the Suden)
The Washington times., 1938-10-01
Pact Is Respected

Pact Is Respected
Until this announcement was
issued, indicative of Hitler's ap-
parent determination to respect
the lines Of the Munich agree
ment down to the last Semicolon
and comma, not a German soldier
had crossed the frontier to plant
the SwaStika flag on the rich
Czech soil, which only this week
came so close to being drenched
with blood.
A few scouts and engineers had
gone over on a scouting and re-
connitering tour to make certain
that bridges and railway lines
were intact and no explosive mines
left behind by disgruntled Czech
elements. But the military oc-
cupation was studiously delayed
until the final word of approval
had come through from Berlin.
10000 Troops Cross
The occupational force was esti-
mated at 10000 men. These
troops will occupy about one
foorth of the first zone in the
Helfenberg FinSterau area dur
ing the day, the balance Of the
Occupation taking place in sue
cessive stages.
AS the command was given for
the German forces to enter and
claim for Hitler the territory and
population for which he was will
ing to risk a world war, Czech
troops dropped slowly back.
The positions mapped out for
today put the German army on a
line directly facing the CzechS
about 5000 yards apart. The Hell
fenberg- -FinSterau zone runs par
allel to the new frontier.
Marching with machine-like prt-
cision, Hitler's infantry, artillery
and antiaircraft units comprised
the cccupational forces. Heads
erect and banners flying, the first
hob-nailed boots went across the
line as clocks in border village
steeples doomed out the second
hour after high noon.
The Washington times., 1938-10-01
plea FOR BIGGER
COTTON LOANS
REJECTED BY US.
Wallace Spokesman
Answer Senators j

CONTINUED from Page ~
be rebuffed by the White House."
said Senator Smith.
Senators at the meeting included
Smith, Bilbo and Harrison Of Mis-
sissippi, George and Russell Of
Georgia. Reynolds Of North Caro-.
lima and Thomas Of Oklahoma.
Lets call a spade q spade and
not a damned old shovel"
calculated Senator Smith.
"UniUersGl Failure
"If the farmer can't realize
a higher price than he now gets
it means almost universal bank.
ruptcy. Farmers are as much
in need of relief as others with
this difference-they are the
producers"
When Brown and Tapp pro.
tested lack of funds Smith de.
manded to know what had become
"of the $4,000, ,000, 900 which was
handed around some place"
The South Carolina Senator
charged. that officials of the De.
partment of Agriculture are "un.
sympathetic" toward the farmers
plight.
Tapp and Brown said the depart.
ment wants to retain and expand
the foreign markets which have
been disrupted by events in both
Asia and Europe.
Smith urged the department to
increase the cotton loan value
from So to IS per cent of parity,
asserting that Congress could take
care of the situation in January,
if the farmer is saved now.
Georges Plea
Senator George CD, Georgia,
also urging an increase in the
loan value, said the department
had not taken into consideration
the intent Of Congress to author.
ize loans designed to bring the
cotton price close to parity.
The only way out for the cot.
ton farmer, he said, is an increase
in the loans.
The Washington times., 1938-10-01
.SUDETEN Will D.
Wit H JOY AS.
GERMANS enter
Reich Army Holds to
Letter Of Agreement

Continued from Page II
laid down in the agreement Of
September 29."
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1938-10-13
ORDER NISI

Jesse j. Ashby, Jr. Treasurer of Garrett
County. Maryland, VS. John l.. Sharpless
Heirs
No. SIG Miscellaneous Docket. In the Circuit
Court for Garrett County, Maryland.
ORDERED, This 18th day of October, 1888,
NV the Circuit Court for Garrett County, Mary
land that the sale made and reported in the
above cause by the County Commissioners OF
Garrett County, Maryland be ratified and con-
frmed unless cause to the contrary thereof
be shown on or before the 18th day of Novem-
Der, 1898 provided copy of this order be pub
lished in some newspaper published in Garrett
County once u week for three successive weeks
before the 4th day of November, 1888.
The report states the amount of sale to be
s1O3 co. WILLIAM A. Hustler.
ITrie ropv-Test: A. G. ROSS, Clerk.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1938-10-13
ORDER NISI

Albert L. Lee, Late Treasurer of Garrett
County, Maryland, VS.. Willard Riley, So
phia Riley and Hyman Lipschitz.
No. 700 Miscellaneous Docket. In the Circuit
ORDERED, This 18th day of October, 1888,
by the Circuit Court for Garrett County Mary
land, that the sale made and reported in the
above cause by the County Commissioners of
Garrett County Maryland be ratified and con-
frmed, unless cause TO the contrary thereof be
shown on or before the l4th day of November,
1888: provided copy of this order be pub
lished in some newspaper published in Garrett
County, once a week for three successive weeks
before the 4th day of November, 1888.
The report states the amount of sale to be
S12400. WILLIAM A. Hustler.
True copy-Test: A. G. ROSS, Clerk