davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1938-04-25

Senator. He is much more Of New
Dealer than Mr.. Tydings. but now ap-
pears firmly settled in the gubernatorial
race.
Further indication OF anti-Tydings
sentiment is seen in an announcement
by the Maryland Roosevelt League that
1t is endeavoring to induce "a very prom
inent man" to oppose the Senator. This
has been counterbalanccd, at least in
part. by the indorsehent Of Senator
Tydings for reelection by his colleague,
Senator George L. Radcliffe, New Deal
supporter and personal friend Of Presi-
dent Roosevelt.
So far Marylands senior Senator has
only one rival, a Howard County editor.
lecturer and New Deal advocate, who is
a newcomer in State politics and appar-
emily without organization backing.
The opposition to Mr.. Tydings appears
based chiefly on the fact that he has
frequently been critic Of Roosevelt leg
islation in Congress. In past elections.
however, he has opposed demogogic pro-
posals and has still demonstrated power
at the polls. 1t will be interesting to see
how Maryland's voters react II He is op-
posed by a formidable foe with national
administration support. Citizens Of the
Free State, where the doctrine Of States
rights has been preached for years, may
we'll remember that If the national party
takes a hand in a senatorial contest
and is successful, it may soon be med
'line' in gubernatorial rivalries. If that
happens. the Free State will be free only
In name.
Evening star., 1938-04-25

and Canada: five times weekly to Gen.
tral America, the Canal Zone and Pam
ANA; four times to Argentina, Bermuda
and Trinidad; three times to Haiti, the
Dominican Republic. Puerto Rico,
Jamaica, Colombia and Venezuela; twice
to other South American countries and
the West Indies, and once week to
Hawaii, Guam, the Philippines and the
Far East. The cheapest rate is 10 cents
per half ounce to all points in the
Americas north OF Panama Except
Canada, 6 cents) and the highest rate,
70 cents per half ounce to Australia and
the Orient.
(cop1Fisht lS81)
Evening star., 1938-04-25
The Associated Press.

At the moment when Frank Brett
Noyes retires from the presidency OF the
Associated Press, the newspaper with
which he has been most particularly
identified during the thirty-eight years
OF his administration is released from
natural inhibition. The Star now as
never before since 1900 may speak freely
concerning the great news service Or
ganizatlon to which for half century
1t has been proud to belong. It exer-
cises its privilege not boastfully but
rather because it appears that the cur
rent occasion furnishes an opportunity
for certain explanation to which its
readers are entitled and in which they
may be presumed to have special in
terest as patrons Of worldwide jour-
nalism.
Perhaps there have been times when
the nature and character of the Asso-
ciated Press have been less clearly un-
derstood than circumstances may have
merlted. In behalf of history, then, if
for no other reason, 1t should be said
that the A. P, as 1t is familiarly called
among journalists, is something vastly
more than news syndicate. More def
nitely, it represents an international
fellowship OF better than thirteen hun
dred constituent subscribing members
It Is democratic, mutualistic, CO.
operative in the best meaning of those
words. Each paper collects as we'll as
distributes news Necessarily, no single
philosophy, no individual school Of
thought, can control or govern the re-
ports gathered and disseminated. The
one test feasible to apply to any story
Is that OF the acid truth. No more
efficient measuring stick, experience has
shown, could be devised. In emer-
gencies like that Of the false Armistice
of November 7, 1918, the attitude of
the Associated Press. perforce, has been
rigidly realistic.
of course, accidents may happen, have
happened; but the record of the A, p.
is rich with proof Of its responsibility,
Never has it been justly charged with
that sin against common sense which
consists in deliberate "coloring" of facts.
1t has not been propagandistic; 1t has
not stultified itself to aid any party.
class, creed or cause Looking back
over his term Of Office, Mr.. Noyes is
Justified in believing that the Associated
Press has cultivated, developed and
maintained science as definite in its
principles as any with which humanity
is familiar. 1t has set standards of
accuracy and equity which have had
dynamic effect upon civilization eyerv-
where, and it has been unfaltering in
It's loyalty to those standards when they
have been established. Men have died
Tor them just as truly as they have
died for other noble ideals. Also, men
have lived for them, consistently in the
face of incredible difficulties. The result
is conquest Of ignorance and supersti-
ton beyond the power of any COM
mentator to evaluate.
What the A. P. shall be In the future
is sure to be related to what it has
been IN the past. Its facilities may be
improved, its mechanical equipment
supplemented, but above all it's reliability
will be preserved, its institutional power
sustained. The Star is happy to have
lent a brother to such an end. It
bespeaks for his successor in the presi-
dency of the Associated Press "all things
dear and good"
Evening star., 1938-04-25
Inconsistent.

Inconsistent.
"The trouble with us Is that we're in
consistent in discussing modern fash
ions," remarked Senator Sorghum.
I'm what respect?" inquired the at
tentive auditor.
1--WE make a fuss about display of
modern skirts on women and stand out
and cheer a parade of Scotchmen in
kits"
Men have had many fights" said
Hi HoI the sage of Chinatown, "but
there are always new weapons to be tried
out and always persons who feel their
need"
Evening star., 1938-04-25

Reports from China are to the effect
that hundreds Of thousands of men are
being sacrificed by both armies. The
war may at least be analyzed as a cruel
but direct method of attaining some re-
lief in the problem of overcrowded
population.
Evening star., 1938-04-25
Bullets for Barbados.

From the Joplin (Mo) Globe.
The monthly munitions report Of the
United States shows that $2.43 worth Of
cartridges were sold by our manufac-
turers to the government of Barbados in
March. Preparing for a revolution, no
doubt.
Evening star., 1938-04-25

The discovery of an illicit still in a
Washington suburb directs attention to
the fact that while progress has been
made in the cause of temperance the
real fight is still on.
Evening star., 1938-04-25

1t is hoped that before Henry Ford
leaves town he will find time to say
word or two to the local authorities on
the subject of traffic congestion and
police management.
Evening star., 1938-04-25

Japan claims to have sufficient serv-
ice corresponding to our Red Cross.
Many persons forgetful of the bitterness
OF warfare will venture to hope that this
is true.
Evening star., 1938-04-25

Holding competent conference may
have it's difficulties if it becomes neces-
sary to appeal to a penal institution
whenever data are desired concerning
financial eccentricities.
Evening star., 1938-04-25
Gift of Pronhecy.

From the Macon telegraph.
We predicted Stain would win his
election In Russia and he did, and we
predicted that Hitler would win his
election in Austria and he did. We're
not claiming any credit for it, however.
It's a gift.
Evening star., 1938-04-25
The Amazing Amazonians.


An explorer just returned from the
Amazon country says that the white
Indians of that region are uniformly
healthy because they suffer no emotional
strain. Yes, but think of the excitement
that they miss.
Evening star., 1938-04-25

There is still time for q snowstorm.
Authorities who try to clean it up will
wish for imitation of the willing but
physically inadequate seven dwarfs.
Evening star., 1938-04-25
Member Of the Associated Press

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to
the use for republication Of all news d!spa tches
credited to 1t or not otherwise credited in this
paper and also the local news published herein.
All rights of publication OF special dispatches
herein also are reserved.
Evening star., 1938-04-25

Easter has been reverently observed
The public may now turn to modern re-
ligious thought in quest Of relief from
war threats.
Evening star., 1938-04-25
Opposed to Profanity.

Opposed to Profanity.
II hope" said the wife, that you will
always be kind to dumb animals"
AL right" said the husband. But
you've got to see to it that they are
dumb. Nothing will keep me from
wringing that parrots neck, the next
time 1t opens up"
I'VE always think we's gettin' better"
said Uncle Eben, when sometimes we
are only maxim more noise bout some
thin dat don make sense"
Evening star., 1938-04-25

The Evening Star Newspaper Company
Main ONCE: 11th st. ana PennsylvaniA Ave.
New York ONCE ITO East k2r.d Ct.
Chicago Office: A35 North Michigan Ave.
Evening star., 1938-04-25
Sailing.

Over the waves that flow.
II trouble should fail to arrive by mail
You'll get it by Radio!
Evening star., 1938-04-25
Delivered by Carrier-City and Suburban
kegular Edition
Nffht Final Fditlou

Evening and Sunday-66c per mo. or l5c per week
The Sunday Star ar.--5cp &c per CODY
Evening star., 1938-04-25
Rate by Mail-Payable in Advance
All Other States and Canada

Daily and Sunday-1 yr., SIP 90; no.. S1.OO
Daily only -------1 yr. $500: mo-. zoo
sunday only-.-.--1 yr, $500; l mo. 5Uc
Evening star., 1938-04-25

Mint Final and sunday 6tar----1Oc per month
Night Final Star--55 55c per month
Collection made at the end Of each month or
each week Orders may be sent by mail or tele-
phone National 5000.
Evening star., 1938-04-26

levying Of q tax on the incomes OF their
employees that is comparable to the tax
on the incomes Of citizens who are pri-
vetely employed. On the contrary. as
the President pointed out, 1t would be
more in keeping with the true spirit Of
democracy II our tax laws, like other
laws were applied to all citizens equally.
Mr.. Roosevelt believes tnat the Ian
guage Of the Sixteenth Amendment, au-
thorizing Congress Ito lay and collect
taxes on income. from whatever source
derived" is sufficiently broad to permit
the attainment of his objective by
statute. Others think constitutional
amendment would be necessary.
This, Of course, is not matter that
can be determined definitely in advance.
1t is true that the Supreme Court, In
recent decisions, has seemed inclined to
relax to some extent the rigid barriers
1t had erected around tax-exempt in
comes and securities. But these modify
ing decisions have been restricted to the
particular cases before the court and
the language Of the tribunal has con-
tanned the definite implication that the
justices are not yet willing to permit
full reciprocal taxation without a con-
stitutional amendment.
In view of the existence of this doubt
it would seem to be the part of wisdom
to follow the suggestion of Senator Byrd
OF Virginia, who would enact the statute
sought by the President but at the same
time would perfect a constitutional
amendment to secure the same reform
In event the statute should be declared
void.
Evening star., 1938-04-26

enormous duration. Reasons for the
extinction OF any particular species of
ciam, oyster or ammonite are unknown,
out IN many instances. 1t Is believed, it
attended major physical changes, such
az alterations in the depth of the water.
Hitherto the Cretaceous sea period has
been divided into two major divisions
characterized by differences in the ocean
fauna which were radical enough to be
recognized easily by specialists DR..
Reeside has succeeded in dividing these
2 into 10, and possibly IL, minor bio
logical epochs, each characterized by
some particular species that does not
appear previously.
The Job was that Of reading 12-page
book 10000 feet thick-for that is the
depth Of the rock strata laid down on
the noor OF the ancient sea in some
places. Each page was covered with
caballstic signs-the fossils.
Inc progress of the ancient sea. DR..
Heeslde found, was always from the west
eastward for simple reason. The
western shore was mountainous. From
the mountains the floods washed down
vast quantities Of relatively coarse ma
terial. like sand and boulders. Land
erosion was at work even in the Gre
taceous. This heavy material sank quite
rapidly, laying down a sand bottom
which eventually changed into sand
stone. The lighter material, such as soil
particles, was held in suspension in the
water. became dispersed over the whole
ocean, and may have noated around for
many years before sinking to form a
mud bottom which eventually was to
harden into shale or mud-stone.
30. IN successive time zones, the sand
stone formations continuously moved
eastward. Very little sediment was being
washed from the low-lying eastern shore
and 1t Is practically impossible, DR..
Heeslde finds, to flx this shoreline.
At the beginning of the 100000 000-
year period, DR.. Reside reported, the
Great Plains region was low-lying area
with ocean water in Alberta and North
ern Canada on the north and in Kansas.
New MEXICO and Arizona on the south,
Then, during this first Upper Cretaceous
time zone, characterized by its peculiar
forms OF life, these two inland seas
joined.
In the next time Zone the new ocean
reached its maximum extent of depth
and area. There followed an apparently
very quiet period when very little sedi-
ment was being washed into the sea
from either shore. Then there came a
period OF much restricted, shallow waters
and great deal Of mud and sand
deposit.
From then on the sea waters pro-
gresslVely wax and wane" until some
thing strange happened-the dawn of
the Eocene with a new assemblage of
land animals and the permanent with
drawal Of ocean waters from interior
North America.
Evening star., 1938-04-26
Tax Reform.

President Roosevelt's proposal for re-
ciprocal taxation Of State and Federal
salaries as well as the income from State
and Federal bonds is aimed at the
elimination Of a safeguard that no
longer serves any useful purpose. In
this undertaking Mr.. Roosevelt merits
the full support Of Congress and Of the
public, and the existence Of difference
of opinion as to the method to be fol-
lowed should not be permitted to inter-
fere with the taking Of prompt action
to bring this field Of income within the
reach Of the tax collector.
The doctrine that the State and Fed
eral governments cannot tax the in
strumentalities of each other grew out
Of the fears and jealousies attending
the birth OF the United States. When
Chief Justice Marshall wrote into the
body Of our law the principle that the
power to tax involves the power to
destroy he expressed what was then a
very real apprehension. The several
States distrusted the newly established
central government, and the latter feared
for its own future at the hands of the
States. As a result, there grew up the
belief that a mutual immunity from
taxation was essential to the preserva-
ton Of their respective independence.
That view is no longer widely held.
It has yielded to the sounder theory that
the test Of tax should be its reason
ableness. and that, for example, there
is no threat to the independence Of either
State or Federal government In the
Evening star., 1938-04-26

official whose duties bring him into con-
fiict with the rights or supposed rights
Of the private citizen.
The matter before the court was the
validity Of rates prescribed by the Secre-
tary Of Agriculture for commission men
in the Kansas City stockyards. Con-
gress, in oelegating to the Secretary the
power to Ak the rates, stipulated that
he must first hold fair and open hear
ing. Subordinates of the Secretary did
hold hearing and made findings of
fact, but the commission men were given
no opportunity to examine or contest
these findings before the rates were
promulgated. Secretary Wallace, whose
desire to be fair Is not questioned, con-
ferred with his assistants and examined
the 10000 pages Of testimony. But the
pressure of other affairs was strong upon
him, and the rates were fixed without
giving the business men an opportunity
to rebut the claims Of the Govern
ment's agents. In other words, they were
adjudged guilty of charging excessive
rates without being informed specifically
Of the nature Of the charge against them.
Holding this to have been q fatal
procedural defect, the court said
"The maintenance Of proper standards
on the part Of administrative agencies in
the performance Of their quasi judicial
functions is Of the highest impor-
tance =. II these multiplying
agencies deemed to be necessary in our
complex society are to serve the pur-
poses for which they are created and
endowed with vast powers. they must
accredit themselves by acting in ac-
cordance with the cherished judicial
tradition embodying the basic concepts
Of fair play"
In passing, 1t should be noted that
this decision, coming from q court that
has been under heavy fire, strengthens
the case of those who believe that the
American system cannot survive with
out the restraining influence Of an alert
and independent judiciary.
Evening star., 1938-04-26
STARS, MEN AND ATOMS
Notebook of Science Progress in Field.
Laboratory and Study.
BY THOMAS r. HENRY.

A titanic job-reconstruction Of
100000 years of the dead past-has
been completed by DR.. John B. Reside.
jr. Geological Survey geologist. working
with archaeological material OF the
Smithsonian Institution.
From slight variations in the species
Of clans, oysters, snails and ammonites,
Dr. Reeside has been able to piece to-
gether the story Of the fluctuations Of .
great inland ocean which joined the
Arctic and the Atlantic through Central
North America during the so-called
Upper Cretaceous period which just pre-
ceded the dawn age, when most Of the
ancestral forms of present-day life made
their appearance.
He reported his findings to the Ma
tional Academy of Sciences, meeting
here today.
During most Of this 100000 years
the Great Plains area and the present
Rocky Mountain region were covered
with relatively shallow sea-a trough
between the Arctic and the Atlantic in
about the present location of the Gulf
of Mexico. The Appalachian region and
the country east Of the present-day
Mississippi was land Of densely vege-
tated, low-lying swamp in which wall
lowed the giant dinosaurs. There were
high mountains on the western edge Of
this sea, in about the present location
of the Great Basin. The great inland
sea itself was formed by the joining of
two intruding arms of water, one from
the north and one from the south. From
time to time, it appears from DR..
Resides evidence, this sea shrank and
increased in size, but with its western
shore constantly receding eastward.
In the warm, shallow waters lived q
curious life assemblage. The dominant
creatures were the ammonites, mollusks
with coiled, chambered shells who have
long since become extinct and whose
nearest living relative Is the beautiful
chambered nautilus. Sometimes these
animals were as much as 4 feet long
although the majority were somewhat
under foot. Besides there were clans,
snails. oysters, q few marine vertebrates.
Generation after generation Of these
animals died and became immersed in
the bottom mud, which eventually was
to harden into shale and sandstone.
depending on its location. Generation
after generation sediment from the land
would be washed into the sea and even
tually sink to the bottom. to form a
fresh layer of mud in which other gen.
erations Of animals would find their
stone tOmbs.
Now ammonites, clans, oysters and
snails are very conservative creatures.
They 60 on for generation after genera
tion without much change of form.
Some have come right through from the
Upper Cretaceous to the present, more
than 100,000,000 years, with differences
that are apparent only to the specialist.
Evolution works very slowly among them.
Nevertheless it does work. Species be-
came extinct every few million years
and other species succeeded them.
1t is by painstaking study Of these
species changes, extending over more
than decade, that DR.. Reeside has been
able to split up the whole 10000 900
years into time zones" and determine
something Of what happened over this
Evening star., 1938-04-26
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL,

There are more birds in Washington
and envrons this spring than for the
past two years.
Every one has noticed it, but persons
not particularly interested In feathered
life will not know why.
The increase is due entirely to milder
winters.
The bird tribes are just now recovering
from those severe winters, which took
such toll of their numbers, and this
not only from the songsters which win
tered in the north but also from the
migrators in both the spring and autumn
movements.
During migrations the birds fly nor
mally at a slower pace, and live of the
countryside as they go.
Many of them freeze. During the
seasonal migratory movements thou
sands attain their objectives, only to
succumb because Of lack Of proper foods
where they land.
This year nothing of that sort has
happened, and We are the beneficiaries.
Every yard, city or suburban, is alive
with birds
Many new species, at least to the yard
in question. are being seen, even by
the least observant.
What bird is that?" Is q live question
this spring.
From Arlington. Va, comes the follow.
ing communications:
Dear Sir:
Your recent article, regarding the list
OF birds that may be seen in this section
of the country was both interesting and
enlightenlng.
Il wonder if you are familiar with q
small volume that lists birds as perma-
nent residents, winter visitors, migrant
land birds, etc. 1t is What Bird Is
That7 by Frank M. Chapman. The
color plates are small, but with a robin
as a standard the comparative sizes
OF other birds can readily be seen.
1T was a great help to me. coming
from treeleSs city and knowing only
the English sparrow and robin You
may care to recommend 1t to novices.
After some years in Washington. I
find that nearby Virginia has been built
up to great extent and there are not
nearly as many wild birds as I used
to see. But with two bird baths in the
garden. hope to attract some this
summer.
Sincerely yours,
"R. G. s."
The smaller bird books are usually the
first to be purchased by the enthusiast,
who ever thereafter has a warm spot in
his heart for them.
They are handy to carry and keep,
and by reason of their limited scope
ordinarily enable the searcher to 1ind
his specimen without undue perturba-
ton.
Every bird observer should have one
OF the small books, often sold in a slip
cover. as we'll as one of the larger works.
This spring and summer should give
the amateur watcher hereabouts his best
workout in several years.
Not only will the famous 40" be
seen in large numbers, but no doubt
there will be many other species