davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1938-07-01
Usmrcen spadlym tramem.

Salvatore J. Vizzini, 18lety,
usmrcen byl V pondell spadlym
ma neho tramem S leseni, ma
nemz pracoval ma budove, &.
3O5 w. Monument ulice. Ude-
rem byl tramem do hlavy. Mia
dix S otcem sundavali kovove
okennf zabradlf, kdyz ku neho-
de doSlo.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1938-07-01

George Helm, 32lety, zadr-
zen byl pro porotu ma zaruku
$1,000. Byl udan, re napadl a
pofezal nozem svoji manzelku
Catherine a re napadl jeji ne
vlastn1 dceru, 2Oletou Dorothy
Ward.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1938-07-01
D'Alesandro prot Palmisano

Mestky radn1, Thomas D.
Alesandro z l. distriktu ozna-
mil, re Dude sc uchazeti O zvo-
len1 ma demokraticke listine do
kongresu "a tret1 distrikt proti
nynejSlmu kongresn1ku, Pal
miSano.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1938-07-01
Pet rokEG "a ukradenf tobolky

Ma pet rokd do kaznice Cd
souzen byl cernoch John Shep-
person "a vytrzenf tobolky E.
leanor Narburg 10. cervna a
okradenf il o Sc v 500 blocku
S. Wolfe ulice.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1938-07-01
Mestska rada odrocena do
Zari.

We zvlastn1 schGzi mestska
rada We stfedu skoncila Ease
DAM sva, ktera opet obnovena
budou V zaFf.
Evening star., 1938-07-27
Honest Arya1,s
Sought to Run
austrian Firms
" Radio to The Star.

BERLIN, July 27.-The Nazis have
taken away so many businesses and
other properties from the Austrian
Jews since Anschluss that the regime
is having trouble finding enough COM
petent, loyal-and honest-"Aryans
to run them. judging from the official
request published here yesterday for
application from such persons to take
over Jewish enterprises.
.As result of Aryanization in the
Eastern March (of1cial Nazi title for
Austria), the taking over of and the
participation in businesses and enter
prises Of other kinds is possible" says
today's statement, issued by the official
government news agency from Vienna.
Interested circles, including, those
in the Old Reich, are invited to get
in touch with the office Of Party Dis
trict Leader Josef Buerckel in Parlia-
ment Building, Vienna" (Buerckel is
Hitler's car for "co-ordination of
Austria with the rest Of the Reich.")
So many incompetent and dishonest
"Aryans" seized Jewish properties
during the first few months after the
Anschluss that Buerckel had to
purge" the whole system-or lack Of
system-of administration" OF these
properties, and he announced that he
had sent IL of these Administrators"
to the concentration camp at Dachau
for dishonesty.
tcopyrisht. 1888 BY Chicago Daily News
Incl
Evening star., 1938-07-27
COL. WILLIAM CONNELL
RITES ARE TOMORROW
Cavalry officer, Who Served
Several Tours in D. c., to Be
Buried in Arlington.

Funeral services for Col. William M.
Connell. 66, cavalry. u S. A.. re-
tired, who died Monday in New York,
will be held tomorrow in Arlington
National Cemetery. Chaplain Ora J.
Cohee will ofiiciate. The funeral pro-
cession will form at the Fort Myer
gate at 1890 pm.
Col. Connell, who had considerable
service here. began his military ca
reer as a first lieutenant with the
18th New York Infantry in 1898. In
1899 he was commissioned first
lieutenant in the Regular Army.
He served in the operations division
Of the general staff from March. 1919,
to August, 1919; in the recruiting serv-
ice, adjutant generals Office, January
to April, 1920, and in the office, di-
rector Of sales, August, 1920, to Feb
ruary, 1921. Col. Connell attended
the Army War College from August,
1922, to June, 1923, following which
he served a tour of duty in the sup
ply division, War Department general
staff, to April %, 1927. Col. Conneh
was promoted to major June %, 1917;
to lieutenant colonel, July l, 1920, and
colonel. April 4, 1925. He retired No
vember 30, 1885.
Evening star., 1938-07-27
GEORGE GRIFFITH CHASE
DIES OF HEART AILMENT
Former District Resident Had
Moved to st. Petersburg
for His Health.

George Griffith Chase, so, former
resident of this city, died yesterday
Of a heart ailment in st. Peters,
burg, Fla.
Mr.. Chase, brother of Enoch
Aquila Chase, Washington attorney,
formerly was vice president and trust
oficer Of the St. Louis Union Trust
Co. He retired about seven years kgo
due to failing health and since had
made his home in St. Petersburg.
Mr.. Chase was a graduate of Central
High School and the old Columbian
University, now George Washington
University, receiving an academic de-
gree there in 1899 and law degree
in 1901.
Born in Topeka, Kans., Mr.. Chase
was a son of the late George Sidney
Chase and the late Mrs. Alice Grifiith
Chase. His forebears, were among the
early settlers of Kansas, where they
went from England. His GRANDPA
ther, Enoch Chase, was one Of the
founders Of Topeka.
In 1894 Mr.. Chase's father moved
to this city and practiced law here q
number of years. Besides his brother
Mr.. Chase is survived by his widow,
Mrs. Josephine Chase. The brother
left yesterday by airplane for Florida.
Funeral arrangements are to be an.
nounced later.
Evening star., 1938-07-27
Brd-i1,.Hund
Costs Transient
90 Days IL, Jail

A bird in the hand may be worth
two in the bush, but to Charles H.
schlosser. So. of no fixed address, it
meant so days in Jail.
Schlosser had the bird in hand and
thought it worth so cents. he told
Mrs. Edith Mcintyre, of 1902 Florida
avenue NE. Claiming it was a
mocking bird he had gotten from the
Zoo, Schlosser offered it for sale.
Mrs. Mcintyre didn't think it looked
like a mocking bird and called the
Animal Rescue League. She learned
it was robin. After giving Schlosser
nickel for a cup of coffee, Mrs. Nc
1ntyre called the ninth precinct sta
ton and Of1icer c. E. Hall came to
take charge of Schlosser.
Today in Police Court Judge Curran
asked Schlosser If he had been ar
rested before. He had. He was given
so days on drunkenness charges.
Evening star., 1938-07-27

The disturbance of slight intensity that
vas over North Carolina Tuesday morning
mas has moved very slowly northeastward.
being centered this morning a short dis
Atlsntic city. .o.e4 inches. Another dSs. dis.
Bemidji. 1885 inches. while the minor
Kansas disturbance has remained almost
stationary. Dodge City. 1885 inches.
Pressure remains low from eastern Hudson
STRAIT southward to Nova Scotia and
NeWfoundland, Resolution Island. Hudson
Quebec. .a.7s inches Pressure is low low
ALMOST generally from Alaska eastward and
southeastward to western Hudson Bay,
SSaskateheWan, and northern Manitoba.
Copper Mine. District of Mackenzie. and
Chesterheld. District of Keewatin. %. "a
inches Pressure is relatively low over
tne Plateau region and the interior of
inches and Boise Idaho, % ass z' inches tis"
Pressure continues high from the Bahamas
eastward and northeastward over the
ocean. S. S. Sheherazade. about 500 miles
east OF Bermuda. ;,0.4S inches. and it
Is relatively high from the Ohio and
M, mldoie mississippi Valleys southwark to
fhe an os Gnli inibo1 Of Me- Mexico Montgomery Ala,
Quebec, 30.1O inches. Showers have
again occurred quite generally in the
extreme South and in the Atlantic States
from Eastern South Carolina to Southern
New Jersey Urbana, Va. reporting the
derebana ddresteSt amount: 354 inches. Local thun:
e Pte.u nave snd Raed n portions Of
gions the Plains States. the upper Miss
issippi Valley, and the Southern Lake re-
elon Temperature changes have been
slight as rule.
Evening star., 1938-07-27
Mrs. Laura Curtis to Marry
Official of Bethlehem Steel
Wedding Is Scheduled
for Noon Friday in
Netu York.

Mrs. Laura Merriam Curtis, WASH
ington and New York society leader,
will be married to John Messick
Gross Of York, Pa, vice president of
the Bethlehem Steel Corp, at noon,
Friday, in the apartment of Mrs. Curtis
at Hampshire House in New York, it
was learned here today.
Mrs. Curtis is the daughter of Mrs.
William r. Merriam Of Yarmouthport,
Mass. and Florida. Her late father
at one time was Governor Of Minne-
sofa and came to Washington when
he was appointed director of the GEN.
sus. Mrs. Curtis made her debut here
and was one Of the big SIX" group
of debutantes who led the festivities
that year for the younger set and
were considered the most exclusive
and interesting buds of the season.
Leader in Society.
Since her debutante days, she has
been leader in society and has had
a number Of activities in this CITY
She now is known chiefly in connec-
tion with the 1925 F. Street Club.
which she established in her own his
toric home
At one time Mrs. Curtis was PROM
inently mentioned for District Com
missioner. She also has been active in
Community Chest work, the united
hospital drive and other philanthropic
ventures.
The arrangements for the marriage
OF Mrs. Curtis and Mr.. Gross are most
informal and only the family and a
few close friends will witness the
ceremony Mrs. Curtis four children,
Mrs. George H. Bostwick of Westbury
Long Island. the former Miss Laura E.
Curtis; James Freeman Curtis. ir.. of
Roslyn, Long Island Miss Pauline
Curtis and Frazier Curtis of Wash
ington will be present.
Also in attendance will be her SON.
in-law, Mr.. Bostwick. noted horseman
and her daughter n-law, Mrs. j. F..
Curtis, jr.; Mrs. John T. Wheelwright
OF Boston, sister of Mrs. Curtis, and
Mrs. Wallach Merriam.
Mrs. Curtis will wear a gown of
water-rose crepe de chine, a picture
hat to match, and her accessories will
be light tan.
Officer Of Bethlehem Steel,
Mr.. Gross. who was born February
Is. 1877, is the son of the late Anna
Messick and Kunkel Gross. His
paternal grandparents were the late
Mr.. and Mrs. Daniel Wurstling Gross
OF Harrisburg, Pa. the latter former
ly Miss Elizabeth Kunkel, and his ma
ternal grandparents were the late Rev.
and Mrs. Fryer Messick of New York
State. the latter before her marriage,
Miss Jane lie Rowe Perrine.
Mr.. Gross was on officer of the
Pennsylvania Roalroad over a period
OF years before becoming associated
with Bethlehem Steel. He numbers
among his clubs the Maryland CLUB
Evening star., 1938-07-27
DR.. BALLOU SELECTS
ACTING SCHOOL HEADS

Following his usual practice while
vacationing in Maine, supt. OF Schools
Frank w. Ballou has designated
school officers as acting superintend-
ents in his absence.
Until July 30, DR.. Chester w.
Holmes is acting head of the school
system, with DR.. Garnet c. Wi,kin-
son, as usual, heading the colored
schools.
On July 80, DR.. Holmes will be
succeeded by DR.. Thomas W. Gosling,
recently appointed assistant superin-
tendent. or by Frank c. Daniel, prin-
cipal of Mckinley High School, who
will act until August 27.
During August. the colored divisions
will be under the direction of R. N.
Mattingly, principal of Cardozo High
School, and, for the last half Of the
month, DR.. Howard H. Long of the
board of examiners. DR.. Wilkinson
will resume direction August 81.
From August q through Septem-
Der 6. Robert L. Haycock. first assist
ant superintendent, will head the en-
tire system.
Evening star., 1938-07-27
WILLIAM |. dement,
DIES AT HOME HERE
Retired La Plata Merchant Was
III Several Months-Rites
to Be Held Friday.

William L. Dement,, 81, retired La
Plata, Md, merchant, died today al
his home, 134s Parkwood place NV.
after an illness Of several months.
Born at Friendship. the old Dement,
homestead near White Plains, Md.
Mr.. Dement, was a son of the late Mr.
and Mrs. William Edward Dement,
His mother before her marriage was
Miss Eliza Ellen Wolfe and was q
cousin Of Alexander r. Shepherd, ona
time Governor Of the District of Co.
lumbia.
Mr.. Dement, moved to Mississippi In
1885 and in 1891 married Miss Pearl
Harris of Bolton, Miss. Subsequently
he returned to Maryland and en-
gagged in the general merchandise
business at La Plata. until retiring
last fall. He had lived here since.
He is survived by his widow, a
son, Charles William Dement,. the lat
ter of Pomonkey. Md; two daughters,
Miss Elise Dement,, this city, and
Mrs. Frank A. Bolton, Pomonkey; a
brother, Charles E. Dement,, Laurel,
Md. and four sisters, Mrs. J. B.
Mattingly, Mrs. B. H. Padgett, Mrs
Mary L. Padgett and Mrs. Katherine
Sanders, all of this city.
Funeral services will be held at 2
pm. Friday in Hines funeral home,
290l Fourteenth street NV.
Evening star., 1938-07-27

oClolc APl IL o, 1900, dIlU So,O0o, ,SEl =
646 since that date That was the
time at which the Treausry assumed
administrative accounting response
bility for emergency funds.
Highways Get Big Slice.
The largest slice Of the money since
April 8. 1885. went to highway,
street and road construction. which
got $1,988,74l.710. Conservation work
came next with an expenditure of
1894 ,06l, ,553. States received $922,-
343,l99 for continuing relief.
Other expenditures were: Public
building, s63l,771,129: housing, SILL
708,33l: public recreational facilities
s633,l94,738; electric utilities. water
and sewerage systems. s50l, ,767, ,474;
transportation facilities, 2l,8l9,347:
educational, professional and clerical
projects. $785,783,130; sewing. can
ming and miscellaneous projects,
$63l .086, 1872: rural resettlement and
direct relief, s432. .430,0sl. and admin
istrative expenses, SAL. SOC, ,40s.
All Agencies Given Funds.
Virtually every agency was given
Evening star., 1938-07-27
MAJ. A. V. DALRYMPLE
BURIAL IN ARLINGTON
Funeral Services for Former q. s,
Prohibition Director in st.
Matthews Church.

Maj Alfred Vernon Dalrymple.
former Federal prohibition director.
was to be buried in Arlington National
Cemetery at pm. today, following
services at 2 pm. in st. Matthews
Church.
Mai. Dalrymple died in Emereencv
Hospital Monday night of injuries re-
ceived when struck by an automobile
Saturday night. He was g.
The last prohibition director before
repeal, Maj. Dalrymple later was a
special assistant to the ATTORNEY Cen
eral, and at the time of his death
was employed as an attorney with
the Federal Communications Com
mission. He resided at 1908 Sixteenth
street NV.
Mrs. Dalrymple. who was en- route
to San Francisco. where they lived
before coming to Washington in 1888.
for visit when her husband was
injured, returned by plane last night.
Besides his widow, Maj Dalrymple
is survived by two daughters, Mrs.
Frank Fletcher of Bethesda, Nd, and
Miss Alice Dalrymple of Washington,
and two sons, James McIver and
John Marshall Dalrymple, both Of
Washington.
Evening star., 1938-07-27
SLAYER Of SON
SENTENCED T0D|E
Women Accused of Drawing
Lots to Kill Boy, II,
Are Still Held,
BY the Associated Press.


WAYCROSS, Ga, July 27.-A Ware
County Superior Court jury convicted
Harvey Nelson, roadhouse operator, of
f1rst-degree murder last night in the
insurance Staying of his 12-year-old
son, j. c. Nelson.
There was no recommendation OF
mercy. making mandatory a sentence
Of electrocution.
Solicitor General John Gibson an
nounced he would seek murder indict-
ments today against both Verna Mae
Fowler and Mary Kent, whom Nelson
said drew matches" to decide the
killer.
AS his 8-year-old daughter, Hazel
listened, Nelson in an unsworn state
ment told the jury:
We planned it. and I tried to get
the girls not to do it, but God knows
I didn't shoot. my child. Verna Mae
Fowler shot him. I saw her do it."
Miss Fowler testified Nelson, holding
a pistol in his right hand. seized the
boy with his left. Then the child, she
said, began jumping and struggling
around" Then, she continued, the
gun was fired"
Miss Kent, a material witness de-
MED the two girls drew straws to see
who would shoot the boy.
Evening star., 1938-07-27

Of Baltimore, the Racquet Club of
Philadelphia and India House of New
York Mr.. Gross first wife, who
was Miss Mary Washington Rob-
inson of Baltimore, died in 1921. He
has no children.
Four Oaks Farm, the estate of Mr..
Gross in Saucon Valley, Bethlehem,
Pa. is one of the largest fruit farms
in that section. Apples and peaches
are the speciality at the farm, with
more than 10000 peach and apple
trees on the place.
Mrs. Curtis was granted divorce
from James Freeman Curtis, New
York lawyer, in January Of this year.
The decree was handed down by
Justice F. Dickinson Let's of District
Court after five minutes testimony.
This was Mrs. Curtis second divorce
from Mr.. Curtis. In April, 1924, she
obtained decree in Paris and the
custody of their children. Less than
13 months later. she and Mr.. Curtis
were remarked in Washington.
Evening star., 1938-07-27
ATTORNEY ACCUSED
OF EMBEZZLEMENT
Allegedly Obtained $4,000 by
Posing as Department of
Justice Attache.

Two indictments charging embez-
Element and forgery Of a Government
check were returned by the grand
jury today against Irving Lichtenberg,
33-year-old attorney of the 5000 block
Of Ordway street NV.
The embeZZlement indictment
charged the lawyer with representing
himself as Justice Department at
torney to Mrs. r. H. Hofstead of Alex
andria, and on the strength of such
representation obtaining from her a
check for $4,000, the proceeds from
which he allegedly kept.
He also was accused of indorsing
and depositing to his own account a
check for 50 500, made out to Gerardo
Marzullo and Antonia MarZullo, with
whom he shared Offices.
Evening star., 1938-07-27
BISHOP IS HELD
TO GRAND JURY
Tells Inquiry Some One Else
Must Have Hit Wife
With Hammer.

Edward B. Bishop, IS, itinerant
laborer, was held in Jail today with
out bond pending grand jury action
on charges that he beat his 26-year-
old estranged wife to death with a
borrowed mechanics hammer early
last Saturday.
Bishop admitted before a coroner's
jury yesterday that he had argued
with his wife and hit her in the mouth
with his hand, but said Il don't be-
lieve I hit her with hammer"
The prisoner identified q hammer
found near his wifes body in a corner
OF Pension Park at Fourth and G
streets NV. as one he had borrowed a
few hours previously from a truckman.
Strands Of hair resembling that of
his wife were tangled about the ham,
mer
Bishop said he was drunk and lost
his head in the argument with his
wife and could not remember exactly
what happened. Before seeing her, he
said, he had been sitting on a bench
in the park and "if I remember right,
I laid the hammer down there" He
said somebody else must have picked
up the hammer and hit his wife
with 1t.
The coroner's jury ordered him held
for the grand jury after other wit
nesses told of seeing Bishop beating
his wife and dragging her across a
corner Of the park by her hair. He
was captured near the scene by pass
ers-by.
His wife, Mrs. jamie Bishop. died in
Casualty Hospital from a fractured
skull few hours after the beating
She had lived here the last month at
400 G street NV.
Evening star., 1938-07-27
CORRIGAN PAYS VISIT
TO MUSEUM IN LONDON
Atlantic Flyer Marvels at Plane
Flown by Wrights in 1908
at Kitty Hawk.

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, July 27.-Douglas c. Cor
rigan prowled among the relics in the
historic British Museum of Science
today on his last day in London.
The American aviator's major inter-
est was in the plane which carried
Orville and Wilbur Wright In the first
sustained fight at Kitty Hawk, N. c.,
in 1903.
Il don't see how they ever new that
thing" Corrigan said.
1T amazes me that it ever got into
the air at all. That hand controlled
elevator plane in front looks funny. 1t
is hard to believe they warped the
wings with a pull wire.
Il don't understand how those thin
skids ever held up on landing"
Corrigan planned to return by a
commercial plane tonight to Dublin,
where he landed July 10 on a flight
from New York.
Evening star., 1938-07-27
GROWERS ENJO|N.
TOBACCO QUOTAS
Governments Second Trial
at Crop Control Heads
to Supreme Court.
BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND
Congress ct the last session puss.
ed ldD oiuino the Agricultural
Adjustment Administration poper
to fr quotas for seueral national
crops, among them, tobacco. The
first tobacco control program pas
ruled unconstitutional YESTERDAY
A. A. A. officials had told Georgia
growers they could not swap lump
quotas" NTH North Carolina, ,ohtch
has a short crop this year.
BY the Associated Press.
VALDOSTA, Ga, July 27.-Tobacco
growers in Georgia and Florida. chal-
lenging constitutionality of Asricul-
tural Adjustment Administration mar
keting quotas. obtained State court
orders today restraining collection OF
penalty taxes at auctions opening to.
morrow.
The action apparently headed the
Governments second attempt at con-
troll of the tobacco growing industry
toward the Supreme Court. The first
tobacco-control program under the
kerr-Smlth Act was ruled invalid.
Circuit Judge Harold w. Adams an
nounced at Lake City, Fla, he had
granted temporary restraining order
against the A. A. A. to prevent col.
lection of the tax. imposed on all to.
bacco marketed in excess of quotas
Suit in Georgia.
Dir p a 10
headed a group of several hundred
growers IN taking the question to
court. Date for Florida hearing ON
permanent order was not set
Georgia growers filed a suit at VAL
dosta. Superior Court Judge W. F.
Thomas directed his order to Valdosta
warehouse operators, charged with re-
sponsibility for collecting the tax. A
nearing was set for August 6.
The suit challenged the 1888 act
unoer which quotas were fixed for
other national crops such as cotton.
corn and wheat, on the ground that
Congress assumes authorities not di-
rectly granted by the Constitution"
Taxes to Be Impounded.
Penalty taxes collected under the
law would be impounded until the case
is settled. They are fixed at so per
cent of the market price or 3 cents a
pound if the tobacco sold in excess Of
quotas brings less than 8 cents.
Meanwhile thousands of growers
were hustling tobacco to the IS mar.
ket sites in Georgia and two in Flor
ida. The Georgians have a quota Of
about 100000 pounds and a crop
estimated at between 9oooo.OOo and
l00,000,000 pounds Floridians have
quotas of about 100000 pounds and
a crop around 100000 pounds.
Evening star., 1938-07-27
ROVERS LEAVE TONIGHT

Six members of the first Washing
ton Rover crew will leave tonight for
the Blue Springs Scout reserve near
Acton, Ontario, to attend the eighth
Ontario Rover Scout meet July 80
and 81.
This is one of the activities for
Boy Scouts, II or over, which has for
its objective the development of older
Scouts for leadership. Rovers max
ing the trip, under the leadership Of
District Scout Commissioner Richard
H. Rule, are Elwood Jarnagin, Ar
thur Latterner, Samuel L. Holton,
James Carey and Perry Doing.
Evening star., 1938-07-27

some Of the l932-l935 funds, par
ticularly the s3,3OO,o0o, 900 appropria-
ton which Congress made in the
National Recovery Act Large ex-
penditures were made for the Army,
the Navy, reclamation projects and
rivers and harbors work
First of the relief appropriations
was the bill enacted July 81, 1892,
making s300,000,OO0 available to the
R. F. c.. to be loaned to States for
relief purposes. The loans were can
celed by Congress in 1888 There
has been at least one relief act every
year since
The $1,000, 900 900 lending spending
bill, funds of which became available
July l, is not included in the Treasury
tabulations.
During the last three years w. p.
A. received ALLEGATIONS amounting to
s4,834,974,053. or 55.7 per cent of the
total. The Federal Emergency Relief
Administration got 1913 per cent: the
c. c. c., SO; Farm Security Admin
istration. 6.4, and the Bureau OF Pub
lie Roads, SO.
Evening star., 1938-07-27
MET RECOGNIZES A. FL.
IN ARTIST BARGAINING
Opera Association Signs With
Musical Guild as Agent
in Negotiations.

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, July 27.-The Metro
politan Opera Association, Inc, yes
terday signed an agreement recogniz-
ing the American Guild Of Musical
Artists, Inc. american Federation of
Labor as sole collective bargaining
agent for Metropolitan artists. .
The announcement, made by the
guild for both parties. said the guild
had agreed to recognize pre-existing
contracts made by the opera asso-
citation. and added merely that the
agreement contains further pro-
visions mutually advantageous"
Consultants who attended negotia-
tions from time to time included Paul
D. Cravath, Metropolitan president;
Lawrence Tibbett, Richard Bonelli and
Lauritz Melchior.