davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1938-02-06

drawing is signed. He steadily refused,
1t. Tear says. to touch upon any of
his encounters with white men, espe-
cially with Gen, Custer
1t. Tear sent the manuscript to
Gen. Smith. from whom it passed to
his son. Robert A. Smith Of Belling-
ham, Wash, who has presented it to
the Smithsonian Institution to insure
its preservation as a historical record
Horses Works of Art.
Each picture shows Sitting Bull on
horseback. engaged in combat The
human figures of both himself and
his opponents are very crudely drawn.
The pictures of the horses are true
works of art. The whole, according to
DR.. Mathew w. Stirling, chief Of the
Bureau of American Ethnology, con-
stltutes remarkable revelation Of the
psychological attitude of the Plains
Indians, which certainly was not un-
derstood by the white men with whom
they fought and hardly is compre-
hended today.
1t is the autobiography of a gentle
man and happy warrior" Sitting
Bull may have been actuated by the
natural human desire to put himself in
the best light possible. But even
when given the worst Interpretation.
the manuscript depicts a man worthy
OF a good deal of respect. He had
been reared in a tradition of warfare
quite different from that of the whites.
The Indian war exploits might be
compared to the stunts" of college
boys after football victory. The ex-
treme contempt with which Sitting
Bull and most his followers re-
garded most of the white men might
be compared with the contempt which
would be felt for a policeman who,
catching group of sophomores put
ting mule in the chapel belfry,
drew revolver and killed every one
of them. The whole attitude of fight
ing to kill and Of actual hatred for
the enemy was something beyond
Sitting Bulls comprehension.
He started his career as a warrior,
as depicted in the first picture as a
boy of Is in fight with the Assini-
BONES in the land of the Sioux" He
was fortunate in capturing a prisoner
whom he kept for few days and then
sent back to his own people with the
Evening star., 1938-02-06

poor fellow had to face the disgrace
OF having been bested in battle.
AS the autobiography progresses
there is evidence that the old friendly
rivalry between tribes is passing.
There are complaints about the un-
sportsmanlike attitude Of the Crows
with whom Sitting Bull wanted to
live on friendly terms with only an
occasional killing and horse stealing
to add zest to life.
1t. Tear urged him repeatedly to
draw his recollections of the battle
with Gen. Custer. He doggedly re-
fused. For once in his life Sitting
Bull had fought to kill and no: for
sport" He couldn't understand, he
told Tear, how anybody could criti-
cize him. If war was to be made a
killing business, as Gen. Custer evil
IDENTIFY wanted, he also could play
that game.
Evening star., 1938-02-06

sidered as his son, but is sometimes
mentioned as his brother At the
time he produced this autobiography
the warrior was greatly worried over
the fate of Jumping Bull, then a
prisoner of the white men at Fort
Yates, where he himself was later to
meet his end.
In the battle where Jumping Bull
was captured, Sitting Bull went
against gunfire for the first time and
was wounded in the leg. Several men
were killed in this battle and the
Sioux considered 1t decidedly un-
sportsmanlike. War was changing
from sport of gentlemen.
Killed First Man at 20.
Sitting Bull killed his first man at
20, another picture shows. But it
was almost an accidental killing. In
an Indian battle, as in a football
game, somebody was likely to get
hurt. This added to the zest of the
sport. Invariably when Sitting Bull
took a prisoner it was good luck for
the captive, so far as his material
welfare was concerned. The captor
loaded him down with presents, fed
him royalty, and sent him home-but
not exactly in triumph, because the
Evening star., 1938-02-06
Sitting Bulls Autobiography
Presented to Smithsonian,
Hitherto Unknocn Manuscript Has
Strange History-Drn,cings Fail to
Touch on Fights With White Men.

A strange manuscript-the original
and hitherto unknown autobiography
of Sitting Bull, leader of the Sioux
Indians at the Battle OF the Little Big
Horn-has Just come into the possess
sion of the Bureau of American Eth
nology of the Smithsonian Institu-
tion.
1t has strange history behind it.
During the winter of 1882 Sitting Bull
was closely guarded prisoner at Fort
Randall, Dakota Territory. He struck
up a close friendship with 1t. Wallace
Tear, an officer of the 25th Infantry,
which was stationed at that post. 1t.
Tear, who had served through the
Civil War as an enlisted man, owed
his commission to his former COM
manding officer Gen. John C. Smith,
and felt deep gratitude to him. Gen.
Smith was then retired from the Army
and was engaged in politics in Chi
cago
The lieutenant schemed to get for
tAAS WV toIllllld uueT Unique present.
Sitting Bull was at the time an al
most legendary figure in the public
eye-generally speaking, an incarna-
ton of everything evil 1t. Tear per-
suaded him to draw" his autobiog-
raphy, and, he wrote to Gen. Smith,
the Indian readily agreed. Life at the
Army post was very monotonouS and
he welcomed an opportunity to pass
the time away. So he told the story
of his early life in series of 80 draw
ings, each depicting some exploit.
Earlier Manuscript Copied.
He had done the same, in cruder
fashion, IL years earlier. This manu-
script has never, so far as is known,
been seen by white man. 1t was
copied by another Indian named Four
Horns and the Smithsonian has
photostat of it. The present manu-
script has been completely unknown
to hlographers of Sitting Bull, who has
had the strange fortune of becoming,
in the half century since his death,
almost world hero, especially in Eu-
rope
When he produced the present auto
biography he was an older man and
had had time for reflection. Also, he
had learned to write hs name. Each
Evening star., 1938-02-06
HOLDING COMPANIES
FOR BANKS DECLINE
Federal Reserve Board Reveals
Drop in Five Years From
81 to So.
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The Federal Reserve Board yester-
day published, in the midst Of an ad-
ministration drive to abolish bank
holding companies, figures showing
these companies had shrunk of their
own accord In the last five years.
From the beginning of 1882 to the
beginning of 1887, the board said, the
number of bank holding companies de-
clined from 81 to So and the number
of banks they controlled fell from 978
to 479. Only companies controlling
three or more banks were classified
as holding companies.
No statement of policy on the issue
accompanied the figures. although
Mariner S. Eccles, chairman of the
Reserve Board, has been reported au-
Evening star., 1938-02-06
DEBATE TODAY

The Young Mems Christian Asso-
citation debate team will meet a team
from Western Reserve University of
Cleveland at 3 pm. today in the Jew
ish Community Center, Sixteenth and
@ streets NV.
The "Y" team, composed of John
c. Kelley and Lester E. Hurt, will take
the negative side of the question: Re
Evening star., 1938-02-06
Seeks Pennsylvania Post.

PAOLI, Pa, Feb. 5 LP)-Robert E.
Pattison, jr., whose father served two
terms as Governor Of Pennsylvania,
today announced his candidacy for
the Democratic nomination for Lieu
tenant Governor.
Evening star., 1938-02-06

thoritatively to be opposing death
sentence" legislation. President Roose-
velt and Secretary Of the Treasury
Morgenthau have advocated abolition
Of the holding concerns. and Senator
Glass, Democrat, Of Virginia is draft
ing legislation to force their dissolu-
ton In five years.
Evening star., 1938-02-06

solved, That the National Labor Rela.
tons Board Be Empowered to Enforce
tne Compulsory Arbitration OF All
Labor Disputes"
Twin-City herald., 1938-10-08
u. S. TO DEMAND VOTE FOR
INDIANS

Washington, (CNA) = The Interior
Department sought this week to re-
move the ban against the exercise OF
the franchise by Indians living in sew
en- States.
The Office of Indian Affairs, a
branch of the department contends
that many of the original Americans
are denied the ballot unconstitutional
ly. If persuasion fails, the department
probably will institute legal proceed
ings to set aside statutory provisions
which specifically or by Interpretation
deprive Indians of the vote. Such a
step would set precedent that may
well have bearing on the disfran-
chisement of Negroes in Southern
States.
Frederick L. Kirgis, first assistant
solicitor of the Indian Office, prepared
an opinion citing the Fifteenth Amend
ment of the Constitution as guarantee
ing that the vote, shall not be abridg-
ed s. on account of race, color or
previous condition of servitudes
Twin-City herald., 1938-10-08
Postal Alliance
Is Years Old

Pittsburgh, Pa. = Edgar G. Brown,
special assistant of the c. c. c., was
the principal speaker Sunday at the
25th anniversary celebration of the Ma
tional Alliance of Postal Employees.
Declaring that the Post Office De
partment plays big part in the work
of the C.C.C., the speaker said:
"We of the C.C.C. may we'll felicitate
the Post Office Department and you,
its representatives, assembled here to
celebrate the 18th anniversary of the
founding of your great organization. Il
is you who have delivered millions Of
dollars month, allotted to the fami-
lies and dependents of C.C.C. enrollees
in every state of the Union The col.
ored enrollees alone have swelled this
back home fund more than twenty-five
million dollars in the past three years
"The mail man has been more wei
come than ever, bearing, as he has
those thousands of monthly letters tc
mother and dad, with not only new.
from their boys but checks from Unclt
Sam for their services in the conserva,
ton army to help support their broth
ers and sisters"
Twin-City herald., 1938-10-08
MARYLAND GUBERNATORIAL
CANDIDATES PLEDGE EQUAL
SALARIES FOR NEGRO,
WHITE TEACHERS

Baltimore, Md.-The State Demo.
cratic Convention meeting here, Sep.
tember 28 to nominate Herbert O'Con.
nor, former attorney general for Mary
land, for governor, pledged to end the
differential in Negro and white teach
ers' salaries.
Included in its program of policy i:
the following statement:
1--WE recognize the obligation on the
part of the State to equalize the sal
aries of white and colored teachers
having the same teaching qualifications
and we pledge the accomplishment Of
this objective at the earliest possible
time"
Republican Governor Harry Nice
who is seeking reelection, came out
boldly for equalized salaries in Decem-
Der, 1887, one year after the Associ-
alton had raised the issue in Maryland
courts.
Twin-City herald., 1938-10-08
RACE HATRED ASSAILED BY
EDUCATORS

The theories of race superiority and
race hatred came in for slashing at
tacks this week at the hands of two
prominent white university heads.
At Niagara Falls, N. Y, the Very
Rev. Joseph M. Noonan, president of
Niagara University, told enrolling stu
dents that he was prepared to break
without warning" the contract of any
professor defending theories of racial
superiority
In New York City, the Very Rev.
Robert L. Cannon, president of Ford
ham University, assailed "racism" as
little better than the law of the jungle
in sermon at the annual Red Mass
of the Catholic Lawyers Guild in the
crypt of St Andrews Church, Cardi-
nal Place and Duane Street, downtown
New York.
1T seems to imply" Mr.. Cannon de-
clared, "that whenever one race is ad-
mitted by its own members to be es-
sentially supreme, other races are not
only to be despised but prosecuted and
annihilated. From which we gather
that the new 'racism' is in practice
very little higher than the jungle"
Speaking in the same vein, DR.. Moo
nan, head of Niagara University, ex-
pressed emphatic disagreement with
the unfounded allegations that any
race posses inherent qualifications that
render it inevitably superior to any
other race"
Twin-City herald., 1938-10-08
Battle Expected I'm
Club Election

Tranquility is not expected in the
election of officers of the Minnesota
and Iowa Club to be held October IL
There are several issues of interest
to the membership that will be more
or less in the background, as each can
didate enters the lists. 1t is expected
in some quarters that the present Pres
ident will not attempt to hold local Of
flee, due to the press of obligations in
connection with the National Office
now held by the incumbent 1t is also
expected there will be two separate
and distinct tickets, one composed OF
the Dictator staff, the other composed
of the liberal representation.
The liberal element, it is claimed,
have already started casting about for
suitable candidates, which in some
cases includes some of the warning of
flee holders, who have rendered SER
vice in the cause of freedom. Whether
the sway held by the mighty hand that
has presumed to guide the entire des-
tiny of the organization without in
reference or suggestion will still be
able to muster sufficient strength to
elect stooge ticket is moot ques-
ton.
1t is expected though, that the per-
sons who are most interested in the
welfare of the whole organization will
engage in the biggest fight seen since
the organizations existence.
Twin-City herald., 1938-10-08
Walters Union Wins Fight

A delegation composed of James
Robinson, President; Brutus Cassius,
Financial Secretary and Business Man
ager, local Ola; and Leonard Johnson,
Business Agent, Cooks, Walters, and
Mattresses, 553 St. Paul Hotel have
completed successful negotiations with
the St. Paul Hotel, involving the jobs
of several walters.
Claiming colored walters were in
competent, and because they were not
"on their toes" had caused the hotel
to lose business, the Management i'm
ported a dozen white walters from
Kansas City. This was followed by a
protest from the walters who had lost
employment. Under the agreement
made with the Union, the first men
laid off were to be the first hired.
At first the management refused to
recognize the agreement, general
strike at the Hotel was threatened,
with the result that those in authority
employed the walters entitled to jobs,
and retained in addition four of the
white men,
Guests gave the colored walters
splendid cooperation, and refused to sit
whenever possible in those stations
served by the newcomers.
Two of these later left, and the
others still remain on the job establish
ing splendid case to disprove the
theory that colored and white cannot
work together.
According to Mr.. Cassius, the whole
incident has made the walters of the
twin cities Union conscious.
Railroad Cooks and Walters met
Monday, and it is expected that an
election will be held in the next ninety
days to decide whether or not they will
join the AT. of L, or remain in the
various company unions.
According to Mr.. Cassius, about
eight hundred delegates attended the
recent convention held in Los Angeles,
and definite steps were taken to fight
race prejudice throughout the United
States.
Twin-City herald., 1938-10-08
C. c. C. CONTROVERSY
SETTLED

The order issued by Headquarters
9TH Corps Area, stating that no more
Negroes will be accepted for C.C.C
camp duty in Minnesota has been res
cinded. Ten existing vacancies in the
camps will be filled at once.
Those boys who had entered the
camps at Delta Missouri, will be re-
turned to Minnesota Camps on appli-
cation.
Two boys who refused to recognize
the transfer to the southern camps
were not held for desertion, but were
carried as Absent Without Pay, and
have been readmitted.
Much credit is due to c. w. Wash
ington, Secretary of the Urban League
who with the assistance of c. E. Ruck-
er, Cecil Newman and others, urged
the action taken by the representatives
of the War Department.
Twin-City herald., 1938-10-08
No Discrimination
In Housing

Minneapolis will not be confronted
with the problem of discrimination in
H Housing on the Sumner Field Homes.
Under the present setup it is a strictly
government project, and is governed
by the law which specifically states
that the problem of race or creed can
not enter.
1t is the policy of the Federal
Housing Authority to permit localiza-
ton of administration wherever possi-
Bile, but such authority must be grant
ed the city by the state. Minnesota
has passed no housing law to date and
until such law is passed, local preju-
dice or opinion can have little or no
bearing on the situation.
Colored persons interested in secur-
ing homes in the Summer Field area
are urged to register at once.
The policy of first come, first served
will evidently prevail, and in view of
the fact that 15G0 applications have al
ready been filed, there may be con-
siderable competition for homes.
Office personnel will include four
persons, consisting of manager, cash
ier, bookkeeper cashier, and stenogra-
pher. Other appointments will include
four persons for various duties about
the property.
1t is not actually known when the
houses will be thrown open for rental,
as the contractors have not completed
their work. 1t is believed that this
will take some time.
Rentals have not been set, although
information is expected from Wash
ington within the next ten days.
Much surprise was evinced in politi-
cal circles at the appointment of Frank
Pearce as manager of the project.
Not so well known politically, the
appointment was made without the
knowledge Of local politicians
Employment within the project will
be held down to necessary limits, in
an effort TO keep rents at as low
level as possible.
Twin-City herald., 1938-10-08
U. S. SUPREME COURT TO BE
ASKED TO RULE ON OKLA
HOMA ELECTION LAWS
CONSTITUTIONALITY

Muskegee, Okla.-The U. S. SUI
preme court will be asked to pass upon
the constitutionality of this states cleo
ton law, when application is made
sometime in November for review OF
recent U. S. Circuit Court of Ap-
peals decision upholding the Jaw, which
was passed in 1916.
The application will be filed in the
form of writ of certiofari by Charles
Chandler, on behalf of l. w. Lane, a
resident of Wagner County, Oklaho-
ma.
The case dates back to 1885, when
Lane filed suit in the u. S. District
Court for $4,000 against Jess Wilson,
former county registrar and Marion
Parks, former precinct registrar, for re-
fusal to register him. He lost his case,
appealed to the Circuit Court and lost
there in decision handed down last
September 1o.
The case challenged the Oklahoma
election law of 1916 which provided
that persons hitherto barred from vot-
ing, must register within two weeks
after passage of the new law Few
Negroes, it is alleged, knew about the
passage of the new law, hence many
of them did not register.
The law was passed after the U. S.
Court, in 1915, outlawed the Grand
father clause in the previous state cleo
ton law.
Twin-City herald., 1938-10-08
STUDY OF MORTALITY STA.
TISTICS AMONG NEGROES
REFUTES CLAIMS OF
WHITE INSURANCE
COMPANIES

A five-year study of Negro mortal
ity statistics, completed last week un-
der the auspices of the United Mutual
Benefit Association, the only Negro
owned insurance company operating
under a New York charter, has un-
earthed facts widely at variance with
Negro mortality statistics as compiled
and disseminated by white insurance
companies.
The results of the survey, in the
opinion of c. D. King, president Of
United Mutual, have proven conclu-
sively that social and communicable
diseases are not among the dominant
couses of Negro demise, as frequently
stated by white companies. An ex-
animation of official autopsy records
showed that gonorrhea, which is gen.
orally believed to be a powerful agent
in the promotion of other diseases, was
practically last in long list of such
contributing factors when viewed from
a Negro viewpoint
1t was found that in New York State
during the five-year period beginning
in 1888, the leading causes OF Negro
demise ranked in the following order:
Heart disease, pneumonia, cancer,
diseases of the kidneys, diseases of the
circulatory system, tuberculosis, acci-
dental deaths, cerebral hemorrhage,
diabetes and social diseases.
"A much larger proportion of colored
people are the victims of heart ailments
than is generally shown in the statis-
| tics of white companies" Mr. Lee said
in his report 1t was his view that this
healthy living conditions, as induced
| by economic. hardships.
Twin-City herald., 1938-10-08
LEWIS DROPS WEIGHT FOR
TITLE DEFENSE

New Haven, Oct, (CNA)-John
Henry Lewis, world lightweight
champion, will have to sweat off nine
pounds to get down to trim Us for
his title defense against Al Gamer,
white contender, at New Haven Oct.
H..
Before Gus Greenlee, Lewis man
ager, signed for the fight last week,
the boxer assured him that he could
make the weight with little difficulty.
This is the second match for the two
fighters, Lewis outpointing Gamer in a
non-title bout two years ago.
Twin-City herald., 1938-10-08
Mess Line

We take this from the Bucyeye
Herald, Youngstown, Ohio. 1t should
hold particular interest for our group,
as it may mark new era in the de-
velopment of our music, or for that
matter Our history. History, 1t seems,
somehow finds the times and aspira-
tions of all people interpreted through
their music
In our own talks with "Duke" ELL
ihgton, this particular phase of his am
bition seemed to be his greatest con-
Germ. The article follows:
Duke Ellington
The New York World Telegram last
week gave full feature space to a
story of the life and work of Duke FL
lington. The Great Duke is portrayed
as master of the "Hot and Sweet
type of music. "Top-flight musician
and band leader" says the article
Duke Ellington is also significant
composer"
In the story is quoted a paragraph
from the Greensboro (N c. News
white daily, which reads: eff we were
asked to name the ten best American
composers, living or dead, we would
put Duke Ellington on the list, not be-
cause of the intricacies of his compost
tions, but because he has expressed the
soul of his people better than any
other man."
THAT paragraph" says the writer
of the article, H. Allen Smith, writ
ten in the South that Duke has never
known, suggests the basic element oil
his greatness. He is all Negro, and he
is glad that he is Negro. In Harlem
there is society as vigorously ex.
elusive as any class group the whas
people downtown ever devised. DUKE
Ellington is accepted in that society
Its members exclude any Negro with
an 'ofay' complies Negro who culti-
Yates. the society of white folks. The
Duke lives in Harlem and says he al
ways will When he is travelling over
the land he always lives in the Negro
sections, though leading white hotels
in most cities would be glad to have
him in.
His work as composer has con-
sistently reflected this integrity he
holds toward his race. He believes
that the Negro race embodies certain
high qualities to be found in no other
people on earth. Among these is the
Negroes capacity for extreme emotion
He can descend lower and rise higher
emotionally than any other member OF
the human race"
This news note is interesting: "He
has been laboring over an ambitious
musical project for five years, sort OF
symphonic history of his race from
its African origins to the era of the
kil1er-diller."