davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1937-07-11
MONOPOLY AND WEALTH CONCENTRATION WORLD PROBLEM
Charles H. March, Federal Trade Commis.
sioner, Is Not Sure That Small Mer-
chants Will Continue Independent.

civil war in Spain, the Communist
revolution in Russia, the death of
democracy in other countries. It has
toppled kings from their thrones. 1t
will drive to disaster dictators, whether
economic or political, who thwart the
masses in thei reffort to achieve bet
ter standard of living and greater eco
nomic security. The whole world is
in revolt against that philosophy OF
unnecessary scarcity which has been
the philosophy of private monopoly"
Here is an opinion that emanates
from a descendant of that Hugh
March who landed in Newburyport in
1885. man who has for the greater
part OF his life been representative
Of that class generally referred to as
wealth" and yet whose career has
been distinguished by the consistent
unfolding Of the rights of the common
man. Il was a lawyer" states Col.
March, Il wanted to do something
that might be construed as national
service. That's why I first came to
this commission"
He Is man of commanding ply
| sique, a fine, frank countenance, and
a transient, winning smile. He speaks
with conviction. but kindliness, and
there is in all he says the quality OF
| lmpartiality-a conscious effort to be
| just. His are no milk-and- water
! opinions and his straightforward
language in dealing with those ques-
tions around which any number of
public officials might carefully pussy
foot, Is another refreshing indica-
ton OF his individuality. He does
not-and we record this gratefully
refer one to anything; he simply
answers . question in SO many words.
When the doctrine of Socialism" I"
ne comments, was spreading around
this country 80 years ago, one of the
most powerful arguments against it
was that it would condemn q free
people to be employees OF the State.
We were nourished by the philosophy
that ability, courage and honesty
reaped the glittering prize of business
independence. This prospect OF free
dom the American people were un-
willing to exchange for any alien system
OF government or business that would
condemn them to the bondage of
job.
But while we were keeping wary
eye on Socialism, the loss of free
dom came from another quarter To-
day most of us in industry work not
for the Government, but for entities
quite as impersonal and frequently
As remote. The giant monopoly has
shared most Of us on its pay roll and
the old order Of the independent
proprietor Il fast fading away. At
the turn of ths A5ast century, only
Evening star., 1937-07-11
Continued From First PaRe.)

Continued From First Paee.)
age-sized oil fields. To my mind, that
is true conservation"
CTATE conservation laws regulate oil
production within their respective
borders so as to prevent waste. Five
States-Kansas, Louisiana, New Mex
leo, Oklahoma and Texas-producing
In the aggregate 73 per cent Of the
natural oil output, have such laws.
While there is variation in these
laws. each State determines each
month the amount of oil which may
be produced from its wells and fields,
so that above-ground waste may be
prevented by not producing in excess
OF demand. In this way loss by
evaporation and hazard Of floods and
accidental fires are avoided
Under the Connally hot-oil act, the
Federal Government simply supports
State policy by providing that petro-
leum or its products. produced in ex-
cess Of the amounts permitted by
State law is contraband and may not
be moved In interstate or foreign COM
merce.
Not so many years ago Oil was con-
sidered so unimportant that salt wells
were abandoned when oil became a
nuisance" by its persistent gushing
to the surface. Pioneers trekking
over the crest OF the Alleghanies
needed salt for themselves and their
horses and cattle. To tap under
ground pools Of briny water, wells
were sunk. Sometimes they yielded
salt water and sometimes a black
rock OIL that only served to annoy
the digger who pulled up stakes and
moved on. leaving the black gold in
the earth behind him.
BY excavation Of shell mound at
Emeryville, Calf, it was discovered
that asphalt was used for sticking
beads to objects such as charm stones
or for lining baskets, and that the
Canalinos had made wide use of as
phaltum, which was found kneaded
into handy cakes. Oil springs in We
mango County, Pa, are now regarded
as prehistoric. as the mounds OF exca-
vated dirt thrown out OF pits there
were covered by forests, perhaps 200
years old, when examined a century
and quarter ago.
In 1916 CharlevoiX wrote: "Ap-
preaching the country Of the ancient
Eries there is a thick, oily, stagnant
water which takes fire like brandy"
He referred to the oil spring near
Cuba, N. Y.
4 S PIONEER settlements spread to
the west Of the Appalachian
Valley region, oil springs and asphalt
seepages, often associated with salt
Evening star., 1937-07-11

one large pavilion. dancing on the
Mary Washington was the princi-
pal attraction, and such square dances
as the quadrille and the lancers were
enjoyed by the excursionists. The
polka, the schottische and the waltz
we're also among the dances of this
period, the waltz being the only one
still with us today, and this modified
into more graceful movement.
This vessel had carrying capac-
ity Of 1900 people, and in her day
she is said to have carried more pas
sengers than any other vessel on the
Potomac. At An early date she was
sold to Capt E. S. Randall, and she
ran for years between Washington
and River View until she was sue
ceeded by the Samuel j. Pentz
This vessel was not without its
mishaps, and on June %, 1890. during
Evening star., 1937-07-11
Whistles Smoke Away.

HE tendency of floating particles
IN atmospheres disturbed bv sound
waves 70 congregate as far from the
souno waves as possible has led to
the perfection of device which not
only holds promise of developing into
smoke remover, but also offers actual
revenue from recovered by-products
OF factory smokestacks
ouch Is the promise of device in
vented by H. w. st. Clair, metallurgist,
United States Bureau of Mines. The
oeVlce should be of real aid in solving
the smelter-fume problem, which has
Tor years been the source of expensive
lltlgatlon due to suits brought by prop
erty owners charging damage to
vegetation, live stock and water sup
plies. The device should also be of
value in helping to curb the smoke
nuisance in large cities, which has
been responsible for injury to prop
erty and r,-,-t c2.SaSng iSc saany
millions of dollars annually.
1t has long been known that when
sound waves are passed through a
tube containing a fine powder. the
powder will be concentrated at points
that are free from vibratory motion.
1t has also been known that waves of
extremely high frequency affected the
diffusion Of solid or liquid particles
in a gas. However, as the Bureau of
Mines points out, no practical applica-
ton has previously been made of this
knowledge.
The st. Clair method merely passes
the smoke or fume through a tube in
which standing sound waves are estab-
Ished. These standing waves are
produced by so adjusting the length
OF the tube that waves reflected from
the upper end are in phase with the
original sound waves set up at the
lower end.
In order that the process may work
at its best, the wave length used must
be approximately equal to the di-
ameter Of the tube. For a tube of
practicable diameter. this means that
the frequencies used will vary from
to 20 kilocycles per second. A person
Of acute hearing can detect waves Of
freQuencies up to about S kilocycles:
those Of greater frequency are above
the auditory range and hence are
sometimes called "super-sonic."
Evening star., 1937-07-11

The longer the trip the more inter-
esting it was, because OF the many
excursion places the boat passed on
the way to its destination. OF these
early resorts, Piney Point was farthest
away, and was about 81 miles from
Washington. It was seldom made,
both ways, in one day. Blackstone
Island, 10 miles down the river, and
one OF the older resorts changed
hands in 1884, and was operated for
few years by the we'll known res
taurateur, Ed. Abner. OF this city.
Colonial Beach and Lower Cedar
Point, were also very popular places
in their day; the bathing, fishing and
grabbing being excellent However,
these were very tiresome trips for
children, and when Bay Ridge and
Chesapeake Beach were opened to the
public, they took away much of the
p .ronage from the lower river land
ings.
1T WAS while making these river
landings that the steamer Wawaset
caught fire and was burned many
years ago. This disaster ACQUIRED on
August g. 1873, and there are still
many persons living in this city who
recall it as the greatest steamboat
catastrophe to occur on the Potomac
River, even more serious than was
the result of the bursting OF one of
the Nays big guns aboard the u s. S.
Princeton in 1874, when several Gov
ernment officials and others were
killed
AS to the Wawaset. Briefly, this
vessel was rather a small freight and
passenger vessel and was built in
1863 at Wilmington. Del The follow
ing year she was bought by the Poto-
mac Ferry Co., and brought to these
waters. and from that date until the
disaster occurred she was used in
making regular trips to Coan River
Though not large boat. yet she was
considered at the time the finest ex-
cursion steamer then plying the Poto-
mac.
An advertisement printed shortly
after the vessels arrival here tells in
heavy-face type her excellent fitness
for the Potomac trade. This advertise
ment reads:
For Mount Vernon
the fine
Steamer WaWaset
Will Leave the Wharf. foot of Seventh
Street. Tuesday, Thursday and
Saturday Mornings at 10 AM.
Returning, the Boat arrives at
312 o'clock P NJ
EXCURSIONS!
The Steamer WaWaset can be
chartered for excursions to Glymont
and other points on the river at rea-
sonable rates. The Grounds and
Pavilion at Glymont are in good order
for
Picnics and Pleasure Parties.
Parties desiring to charter the
Wawaset should apply at the
Office of the Company, foot of
Seventh Street.
VIM. D. COLT.
President, Potomac Ferry Co."
At the time the vessel was observed
to be on fire it was about 40 miles
down the Potomac off what was then
known as Chatterton's Landing. Capt.
John Wood, the commander of the
Evening star., 1937-07-11
Revolt Against Philosophy of Unnecessary
Scarcity Said to Be Universal-New Anti
Monopoly Legislation Is Discussed.

ocrat, Of Kansas. vice chairman;
Garland S. Ferguson. jr, Democrat
OF North Carolina; Ewin L. Davis,
Democrat, of Tennessee, and Robert E.
Freer, Republican, Of Ohio. Each
January the commission designates
one of its members to serve as chair
man for the ensuing calendar year.
An administrative and quasi-judi-
cial tribunal, the Federal Trade Com
mission, was organized March is,
1915, and is one of the oldest inde-
pendent Government agencies. Its
work, both legal and economic, falls
into several divisions. While it has
the powers Of general investigation
it's principal function is to prevent
unfair methods Of competition in
commerce" As the Supreme Court
summed it up, I'm the nature OF
things it was impossible to describe
and define in advance just what con-
stituted unfair competition, and in
the final analysis it became a question
Of law after the facts were ascer-
tanned"
AS a result, every case must be con-
sidered on its own facts.
Generally speaking" explains Col
March, 1T has been our experience
that unfair trade practices fall within
two broad classes. first, those which
involve an element Of fraud or dis
honesty. and second. those not in
herently dishonest, but which are re-
strictive of fair competition within
the meaning Of the antitrust laws
"No honest business man ever feared
fair competition or asked for undue
favor. The commission subscribes to
that tenet of good business and backs
it to the limit Of its powers. 1t has
for its purpose the aiding of legitimate
business in the establishment of
standards Of sound business ethics
and principles. It insists that the
rules Of business conduct must come
within the law. In the eyes OF the
commission all members Of q given
industry are on the same basis Of
competitive rights and the role Of the
commission is that Of a disinterested
and impartial umpire. who insists that
the game Of competition be played
fairly and within the boundaries Of
law"
Among the acts Of competition the
commission refers to as unfair" are
Misrepresentation and misbranding Of
products. defamation Of competitor
and false disparagement Of his prod
ucts. illegal price discrimination, il
legal selling below cost, commercial
bribery, illegal use Of loss leaders, H.
legal rebating. inducing breach of con-
tract wilfully to injure competitor, cir
culating threats Of infringement suits
IN bad faith, full-line forcing to sup
press competition and passing Oh and
imitation Of trade marks."
Evening star., 1937-07-11

<"HE important thing is not If
one be Democrat or Repub-
lican, but If he be, first OF
Evening star., 1937-07-11

as hosts and explaining the various
advantages which are claimed for the
proposed resort. The company included
several prominent officers and many
leading business men OF the city. A spe-
cial train on the Baltimore 81 Potomac
road took the party to Baltimore in 48
minutes. At Canton the excursionists
took the steamer Pilot Bay and break
tasted on their way down the bay.
The boat anchored about half mile
from Chesapeake Beach. The sea was
running so high that but few took ad-
vantage of the small boats to go
ashore
Evening star., 1937-07-11

about the situation. The most recent
anti-monopolv law. We learn, is the
Robinson-Patman act.
The history of antitrust legisla-
ton and its enforcement In the
United States" explains Col. March,
contains alternating periods OF ac-
tivity and quiescence. Just now we
seem to be on the crest of wave Of
activity. The recent passage OF the
utility holding company act, the Rob-
inson- n-Pat tman act and similar legisla-
ton indicates that there is decided
revival of interest in the subject Of
monopoly. The progressive elements
in both major political parties have
never lost interest in it, and the plat
forms of both pledge renewed at
tempt to enforce and strengthen the
laws designed to protect the public
against monopoly.
1T is one thing to inveigh against
monopoly in general and quite another
to attack and dissolve it in a par
ticular case. In two famous cases,
where it was sought to dissolve the
United States Steel Corp and the
International Harvester Co. as un-
lawful monopolies the courts refused
to decree their dissolution. They held
that not mere power and size but
behavior is the test of unlawful mon
opoly This is the familiar doctrine
of good trusts versus bad trusts.
Under such a doctrine, it is possible
for concern to dominate an entire
industry and eliminate competition.
yet not to be an unlawful monopoly.
The doctrine of good trusts was no
more than q development of the So
called rule of reason where the
Supreme Court held that not every
combination in restraint of trade is
violation Of law, but only those COM
binations which unreasonably re-
strain trade"
All these facts were before Con-
gress when the Robinson -Patman act
was passed, prohibiting certain forms
of price discrimination and related
practices. This recent piece of leg
islation is essentially an amendment
to a section of the Clayton act, passed
in 1914. In the words of Col March,
"On the whole this new law in SUBJ
stance applies the philosophy which
the Supreme Court held to underlie
the Clayton act, namely, to prevent
practices, which. if not stopped. tend
towards monopoly"
The Federal Trade Commission Is
made up Of five commissioners, ap-
pointed by the President and con-
firmed by the Senate. and not more
than three Of the commissioners may
belong to the same political party
Present membership is Charles H.
March. Republican, Of Minnesota.
chairman; william A. Ayres, DEM
Evening star., 1937-07-11
By Lucy Salamanca.

kkTHE important thing is not If
one be Democrat or Repub-
lican, but if he be, first Of
Il all, good citizen. There
is too much talk nowadays OF party.
A man is placed in an oflce OF trust
primarily to serve the Nation and
political Affiliations certainly should
not overshadow national service.
What any official. regardless OF party,
achieves for the good OF the United
States of America is the only thing
that counts"
So speaks one of the most invig-
Grating personalities in Washington
today-a man who has himself been
looking out for national interests for
enough years to command our atten-
tion-Charles H. March, member OF
the Federal Trade Commission. In
vigorating seems to be the word for
an official in Washington today who,
with fine regard for the idolatrous
trend of the times and the current
vogue for passionate Affiliations, per-
sists in the simple and straightforward
belief that question may have two
sides, and who, aligned against mo-
nopoly, can still assert. There is al
ways more than one angle to every
question. No just man can overlook
that fact"
Appointed to the commission on
February l, 1929, Col March in the
years between has had ample oppor-
tunity to observe at close hand all the
ups and downs of our economic prog
ress, national trends and industrial
contributions or abuses. And he has
done so from vantage point that has
provided him with background for
judgment of world conditions and pos
sible reverberations within our own
boundaries. He speaks with unques-
toned authority, then, when he pre-
diets inevitable upheavals unless steps
are not taken to interrupt or divert
the indicated swing of the cycle. The
legislation under which the commits
sion operates is designed to accom-
plish this very thing and with the
recent expansion of the commissions &
duties and powers, under the Robin
son-Patman bill against unlawful dis
criminaton in trade practices, and the
general trend against monopoly in all
quarters, this body Of five presidential
appointees has become increasingly
important to the maintenance of the
individual citizens rights.
About a fortnight ago, before an
assemblage Of retail growers gathered
in Boston, Col. March declared, TN
its broadest aspects the problem Of
monopoly and concentration Of wealth
is world problemA \ t underlies the
Evening star., 1937-07-11

convenience OF access and bathing ia
cilities better than any Of the other
places mentioned At its height the
round-trip fare was so cents, and
there were many attractions, including
horse racing.
CHESAPEAKE BEACH, which Is
still popular place for excur-
sionists who care to drive there, had
its beginning shortly after April II.
1884, for on this date The Star car
ries an item telling Of the plans to
make OF it seaside resort. The &C
count follows
An excursion party from this city
on Saturday visited Chesa peake
Beach, the proposed seaside resort on
the Chesapeake, in Calvert County,
Md. One hundred and sixty-three
persons went on the trip, Messrs S.
Taylor Suit and w. J. Murtagh acting
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-12-27
0rleved at Passing

Local friends of Michael ?. O'Con. nell, e4. of Waterbury, were grieved to hear of his death Saturday morn- ing ct st. Mary's hospital. He spent his early life here, attending local schools and was proprietor of the White House Cafe here At ono time, one of the first dining cars in New England.
 MT. and Mrs. William Caulfield
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-12-27
Drivers Involved in Accident Both Found Guilty, Fine
Medical Skill Gains
 In Pneumonia Fight
Disease, However, Responsible for 100000 Deaths
 Annually in United States Effective

among very young children the male sex Is at Q disadvantage. Eside from this, no doubt, the hazards and stress of gainfUl occupations, do to some extent, tell on the male: 1t is also noted that chronic alcoholics are bad risks when attacked by pneumonia, and such cases are much more common among men than among women,
 Urge CooperatlveS
 Tn endorsing the campaign for pneumonia control now being con- ducted by the United States Public Health Service and other health agencies, the insurance statiStioians urge the cooperation of the lay pub- lie, It Is of extreme importance in cases of pneumonia that a physi- clan be called immediately, the chances for recovery being very greatly diminished after the disease has once gained headway, Even serum may then do very little good, Thus the responsibility for success In the fight to curb the disease rests very largely with the lay public It. self,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-12-27
Father Fitzgerald
 Priest g Years Tn
 June Of Next Year
John BGIOvicz Rests Comfortably in Hospital Afte Suicide Attempt -Mary Mclaughlin to Be Buried
 Tomorrow William Marcenheyich Dies
CAT U OK
Correspondent: wm. ,. Baxter-Phone Naugatuck SOlS

heavy shoe faces. A fellow boarder discovered him about e:S0 ?. m. Saturday night. Police were called and Dr. Charles Kennedy ordered his removal to the hospital in the community ambulance.
 He has only one arm and has been working for some time for the local street department. His friends hope for his recovery but abdominal trouble and lung congestion complt- cate his illness.
 McLaughlin Funeral
 The funeral of Miss Mary Ann Me- Lnughlin of 49 Cherry street, well known local resident who died Sat- tirday night at the Waterbury hos- pital, will be held tomorrow. fnor- ming at 8:30 from the Buckmiller funeral home, 20 Park place to St. Francis church ct o'clock where e solemn high mass of requiem will be celebrated. Burial will be in St. James cemetery.
 Miss Mclaughlin was a native of Beacon Falls and lived in Nauga- tuck about 50 years, working for many years at the Durham mills plant on Rubber avenue. She had been in poor health for several months.
 She leaves three sisters, Mrs. Hel- en Jones and the Misses Catherine and Theresa Mclaughlin, and one brother, Philip, all of Naugatuck.
 Friends may call at the funeral home from 2 o'clock tonight until the time of the funeral.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-12-27
SENIOR GYM UNIT
 TO MEET TONIGHT
Intermediate and Badmin. ton Classes Also Sched.
 uled at Y
(Acme Telephoto)

Naugatuck, Dec. 27-Another full week of activities will get underway at the Naugatuck Y today, accord. ing to the weekly schedule released this morning by Physical Director Fritz Klambt.
 It follows: Today
 4:46 to e:45--Volley ball team practice.
 s;45 to 7:So--1htermediate gym class.
 7:5o to 0:O0-Senior gym class. 0:00 to 0:45---Eadminton. Tuesday
 l0:00 to li:30-Mornlng Womens class, and swim. 3:30 to 5:o0-Youngcr girls gym class and swim.
 500 to 6:aO-Icvening badminton class.
 6:30 to S:00-older girls gym class and swim.
 7:3o to o:30-Ladies' gym class and swim. Wednesday
 800 to l2:00-Open to working men.
 l2:oo to 2:oo-B Basketball practice. 2:00 to 3:S0-Junior gym class and swim.
 s;3o to S:oo-Midgets' gym class and swim. ....
 500 to e:so-Evening badminton class. $50 to 7.S0--Junior leaders corps, 7;30 to i0:00-High school games, Alumni.
 Thursday 0;00 to l2:00-Open for working men.
 i2:0o to Basketball games. BOO to 4:46-High school prac. tice.
 4:46 to 6:30--Badminton. 8:30 to 7:60--rntermediate gym class.
 7:50 to e:00-senior gym class. 0:00 to 0.46--Badminton.
 Friday
 i0:0O to i2.0O--Badminton class. 1900 to 2:00-Basketball games. 2:i6 to 2:60--Pappies vs, Hairless Joes.
 2:50 to 3:30--Daisy Macs vs, LII Abners.
 3:30 to S:00--C Corrective class. 500 to 6.30-Evening badmlnton class.
 e:30 to s:00-C Chemical badmlnton class.
 500 to v:00--open badminton.
 Saturday o:00 to i0:S0-Midgets' gym class and swim.
 i0:30 to ii:i6-Flashes games. ii:i6 to i2:00-Cubs' game, 1900 to i.30--U. 8. Rubber practice, i:30 to 2:i5--peacon Falls High- ianders' game.
 2:i6 to 3:00--Chucks Service Ave game.
 800 to 5.0O--Badminton, 5:30 to 6:20-"Y" Diamonds 'bas- ketball game.
 0:20 to 7:i5.-"Y" Rangers basket. ball game. ' 7:i6 to ii.S0--Naugatuck high school vs. Crosby.