davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1937-12-05

If my partner holds . singleton small
spade and q fairly weak hand other
wise. We Are likely to be doubled and
severely psnalised II We get to game"
Once more. your proper bid Is ~
spades: and In this case. there Is no
way Of bidding another suit as .
compromise. Accordingly. all you can
do Is to bid two spades.
with = hand Of slightly greater
strength, but where the spade suit Is
better, such AS
AKQJ Jloxx
~xx
<AKQ
AK
your proper rebid over partners
two-heart response is again 21a spades
But in this situation We recommend q
slight overbid Of three spades, since,
II you do get to game, it is very un-
likely that you will be doubled; and
even If you are doubled. the penalty
will not be 70 great as with the first
hand.
With the foregoing hands as the
basis. you might come to the follow
ing general conclusions: That when
your hand calls for q half bid you
should % compromise by an ex-
ploratory bid If possible: 10 if I'm.
able to fnd An exploratory bid. under
bid unless your trump suit u strong
enough % that you see no danger OF
incurring . large penalty.
(Copyrisht. 1879
Evening star., 1937-12-05
Capt. Kelly to Talk.

Capt. Lloyd Z. Kelly Of the eighth
precinct viii be guest speaker at q
meeting Of the Connecticut Avenue
Citizens Association Thursday at 3
pm. in AL Souls Memorial Church.
Evening star., 1937-12-05

nalI 0l0S.
~ NE Of the most dificult pro-
blems In contract Is offered
when your partner opens the
bidding With one spade, and
AAJxx
vxx
Xxx
&AJxx
Obviously you now intend to play
the hand in spades. At the same
time you realise that your hand Is not
quite strong enough for 4 sAme-forc-
ing jump to three; but, on the other
hand. q mere bid of two spades. which
Is quite likely to be passed by your
partner. is inadequate. The simple
and easy bid would be AZ spades but,
unfortunately, the rules don't allow
it. Hence. the successful player COM
promises by making the exploratory
bid Of two clubs In all modern bid
ding systems this response in . new
suit is temporary force. The orig
inal bidder will bid again, and now
responder may bid three spades, clear
ly conveying the messase that he
would have liked to bid AZ spades %
his first response.
Let US change the responder's hand
slightly and make It:
AAJxx
vxxx
<Jxx
&AQx
He still wants to raise spades. Again
his only proper raise ID to AZ. In
this situation We still recommend the
two-club response. II you are afraid
to make this bid on 4 three.card
suit. it is better simply to bid two
spades and hope that your partner
will find another bid.
Your partner again opens with q
spade. This time you hold:
Aux
~Axx
<Kxx
&Kxxx
Here . no-trump response u indi-
Gated. and after . little study. YOU
realize that the best response would
be IN no-trump. But, since you
cannot make this bid, you compromse
by bidding two clubs, intending to
bid no-trump ut = later stage.
It will be noted that these expIor-
atory responses take care Of the halt.
bid situation in the responding hand.
But occasionally the original bidder
Is faced with . situation where he has
absolutely no out. For instance, you
bid one spade holding:
AKJl0433
vxx
<AKQ
&Qx
Your partner responds two hearts.
You now say to yourself: IT my
partner holds nothing but the queen
Of spades and 1ive hearts to the sce.
king, win have practically Z lay.
down for four spades: and II bid
only two spades, he will pass and We
will miss . game. On the other hand,
Evening star., 1937-12-05
JUDGE bentley TALKS

CathedraI Heights Unit Shifts
Meeting Night.
Judge Fay L. Bentley Of the Juvenile
Court viii Be the principal speaker at
meeting OF the Cathedral Heights
Cleveland Park Citizens Association
"wednesday 1T 8 pm. in the parish
hall Of st. Adams Church.
Waldron Faulkner, president, an
nounced the meeting would be held
Wednesday instead of Tuesday eve
ming, the usual meeting night, due to
the inability to get the hall,
Evening star., 1937-12-05
Soldiers' Uniforms Insured.

Uniforms worn by soldiers taking
part In public exhibitions IN England
are now insured against damage by
weather.
Evening star., 1937-12-05
Winning Contract
ny THE nuK ACES.


/ every estemn Estenceo ~
Evening star., 1937-12-05

HALF Bids"
. NE of the most dificult pro-
blems IN contract Is offered
when your partner opens the
~ bidding with one spade, and
Carbon County news., 1937-07-30
PRELUDE TO SARATOGA:
EIerkimer at Orskany; Stark at Bennington

Schuyler. Gansevoort, who had
been wondering what the distant
firing meant, Immediately Or
dered the three cannons fired as a
signal that he was ready to make
a sortie. Herkimer's men heard
the reports but they could not adj
vance now.
So great was the slaughter on
both sides that finally the. In
dians, who had been assured of
an easy victory, became discour-
aged. Raising the cry Of retreat,
'tOonah! Oonah!" they left the.
field. Seeing this and hearing the
firing in their rear, caused by
ColonePs Willett's sortie against
St. Leger's camp, the Tories also
retreated. Late in the afternoon
Herkiner's army held the field
which it had bought at such a
fearful price-150 dead, $50
wounded and go or more missing.
Ten days later 'Old Honiko1'
Herkimer died at his home near.
Little Falls, to which he had been
removed after the battle.
Meanwhile General Schuyler
Carbon County news., 1937-07-30
THE BATTLE OF BENNINGTON Crom the painting By ChappeD

begged him to remain firm in his
decision. "Py Gott, mol" he thun-
dered. eff you will half it so, your
blood be on your heads! Vor-
warts!"
Half an hour later a disorderly
mob, rather than a disciplined
army, streamed out of it's en-
campment. At oriskany creek
the road led across a narrow
causeway of logs over marsh
with thick woods on either side.
Hidden In these woods was a force
of Loyalists from Sir John John
sons regiment of "Johnson's
Greens, :" commanded by Major
Watts, and a body of Mohawk In
dians led by the famous Thayen-
danegea or: Joseph Brant.
Caught in a Trap.
Just as the head of the column
marched on to the causeway, the
Indians inpetuously opened fire.
Herkiner's rear guard retreated
almost Immediately but the rest
took shelter behind trees and be-
gan returning the enemy's fire.
This marked the beginning of one
of the fiercest battles ever fought
on this continent. $ Some of the
johnson Greens" were old neigh
bors Of Herkimer's men and Oris-
kany was civil war at its worst.
For the most part it was a hand
to-hand affair in which former
friends killed each other with in
deScribable fury. "
Colonels Cox and Paris were
among the first to die. Herkimer
was disabled early in the battle
with a bullet through his knee.
Urged to retire to a safe place,
he gave the rely which has be-
come historic, "I will face the en-
emy." They laid him under a
tree and there he sat propped up
and directed his forces as they
fought for their lives. 4 r.
During the course of the battle
his messengers reached Fort
Carbon County news., 1937-07-30


onel Breyman, suddenly came up.
At this critical juncture Warner
marched on the field. Stark's men
rallied around them and Breyman
was defeated.
The Battle Of Bennington raised
the morale of the Patriots after
long, unbroken chain of dis
couraging reverses. Congress now
reversed its censure Of Stark by
voting its thanks to him and his
men and making him q brigadier-
general in the Continental army.
But most important of all was
the effect which this battle had
ON the fortunes Of General Bur-
goyne. Weakened BY the losses
of the force he had sent to Ben
nington and struggling against a
shortage of supplies, he plunged
on southwark to keep his rendez-
vous with final failure at Sara
toga.
@ Western Newspaper Union.
Carbon County news., 1937-07-30

ceedei if the minister had not
showed such a perfect genius for
blundering. -.
Burgoyne's Invasion Begins.
In June, 1777, Burgoyne started
south from St. Johns with his
army Of British regulars, French
Canadian militia, Hessian rnerce-
naries, and a large force Of In
dians. He easily captured Fort
Ticonderoga, thanks to the blum
der of its American commander,
Gen. Arthur st. Clair, in not for
tifylng Sugar Hill which over
looked the fort. After difficult
march through the wilderness,
the British commander also cap
tured Fort Edward. .--.
Meanwhile, the invasion from
the West had begun. With a force
of 1,500 men, including British
, regulars, Loyalist (Tory) Volun-
teers and Indians, Col. Barry st.
Leger advanced from OsWego and
on August 8 laid siege to the old
British post Of Fort StanWix which
had been renamed Fort Schuyler
blythe Americans. The fort which
stood on the present site of Rome,
N. X, was garrisoned by Cont
nentals commanded by Col. Mari
nus Willett and Col. Peter Ganse-
WORT who Immediately appealed
to the Committee Of Safety in Try
onzcounty for help. -
The chairman of this committee
and brigadier- general of its mill
tia was Nicholas Herkimer-stOld
Honikol Herkimer, !" they called
him. He at once set out for the re-
lief of Fort Schuyler with a force
of about 800 militia divided into
four regiments, commanded by
Col. Ebenezer Cox, Col. Jacob
Klock, Col. Frederick :Visscher
and Col. Peter Bellinger. !
On August 4 this force assem-
bied at Fort Dayton near the
mouth of West Canada creek,
crossed the Mohawk river near
Carbon County news., 1937-07-30

was met by General Lincoln with
orders to join Schuyler at Still
water. He was also met by the
Vermont council Of safety which
urged him to disregard Schuyler's
orders. The state government of
New Hampshire upheld him in his
decision to 90 to Bennington.
On August 13 Stark received
word of the approach of Baum's
expedition. Without waiting to
be attacked, Stark marched out
the next morning to meet the Hes
sian commander. He also sent
messengers to Manchester to
summon Col. SetI4 Warmers regi-
ment of Continentals, which had
been left there in charge of Lieu
tenant Colonel Stafford, and or
dered him to rally the militia in
that section. He then drew up his
forces near the little settlement
of Walloomsac to await Baum's
attack. Although the engagement
which followed is always referred
to as the Battle of Bennington,
and is regarded as a high point in
Vermont's history, it was not
Carbon County news., 1937-07-30

fought at Bennington nor was it
in Vermont. Walloomsac is in
New York, six miles from Ben
nington, and Stark's victory
should more properly be known
as the Battle Of Walloomsac.
Baum arrived near Bennington
on August is and, gaining some
idea Of Stark's 5 strength, pitched
his camp, entrenched and sent
back to Burgoyne for reinforce
ments.5 The next morning, al
: though it was raining in torrents
and Warmers force had not yet
arrived, Stark decided to attack.
After skilfully surrounding the
enemy, he launched his assault on
Baum's entertainments.
Stark's men fought desperate
ly, and early in the afternoon
gained the crest of the hill and
after a half-hour of desperate
fighting, much of it hand-to-hand,
they shattered Baun's S force. It's
survivors fled from the field, leav-
ing in the hands Of the victors
their rnortally wounded comman-
der. MIL. &=#=.
No sooner was the victory won
than the undiscipIined frontiers
men scattered over the field to
p1under the Hessian baggage
train. Their commando had COM
pletely lost control of them and
was entirely unprepared for
battle when force Of 500 British,
commanded by Lieutenant-Col-
Carbon County news., 1937-07-30

X
For this victory won for
the American Patriots an al
lance with France, Eng
lands traditional enemy, and
this marked the beginning of
the end of their fight for free
dom. So there was good rea-
son for Greasy, the historian,
to include the fighting around
Saratoga among his ''Fifteen
Decisive Battles of the
World" But a necessary
prelude to that fighting We're
two other engagements, small
in terms of the number of men
engaged but big in their re-
suits. It is doubtful if Horatio
Gates could have stood at
Saratoga as the victor had it not
been for Nicholas Herkimer at
Oriskany and John Stark at Ben
nington.
Asthe year 1777 opened, the Brit
ish government began to realize
the real magnitude of it's task of
subduing the rebellious American
colonies. Three plans of waging
a successful war against them
were open. The first was strict
naval blockade combined with
placing strong garrisons at stra-
tegic points from which attacks
could be launched against detach-
ments of rebel forces. The Sec
ond was to concentrate on Wash
ington's army and destroy it.
The third plan, outlined to Lord
German by Gen. John Burgoyne,
second in command in Canada,
was to march one army south
from Montreal, another east from
OsWego and a third north from
New York, all three to unite at
Albany. Thus, by holding the
Hudson river, the British would
isolate New England from the
other colonies and 'tcut off the
head Of the rebellion"
The plan was fundamentally un-
sound because it would draw each
army far from its base of sup
plies as it advanced and it would
an active enemy, operat-
ing on interior lines, to strike and
defeat the separate armies before
they could join forces.
But German, as though to
justify his right to the title of
'England's worst war minister"
decided to adopt Burgoyne's idea. |
Even at that, it might have sue
Carbon County news., 1937-07-30

| had called for volunteers at Still
water to 60 to the relief of the
fort which bore his name. Bene-
dict Arnold led them and as he
neared the fort he sent spies into
st. Leger's camp who spread
word of the coming of a great
force of Americans. The Indians,
still further discouraged by this
news, decalnped by the hundreds,
as did many of the Loyalists. st.
Leger was forced to withdraw his
regulars in haste, leaving behind
him all of his camp equipment,
which fell into the hands of the
defenders of Fort Schuyler. So
Herkimer and his men had not
died at Oriskany in vain.
The Second Blow.
The second blow was struck in
Vermont on the very day that
"OId Honikol' died. It was the
victory which John Stark and his
New Hampshire and Vermont
militia, plus a small force from
Massachusetts, won from a de-
tachment of Burgoyne's army and
it, perhaps even more than Oris-
kany, sealed the doom of "Gen-
tleman Johnny's" high hopes for
success. %..%.-..
When that general reached Fort
Edward on July 80 he found HIM
self in a difficult position. He
had positive orders from Lord
Germain to push on to Albany. His
baggage train was. sadly made
quate for a march through the
wilderness ahead of him.
At Bennington, VT, some 80
miles southeast of Fort Edward,
a great store of supplies had been
gathered for Schuyler's army and
General Burgoyne decided to risk
q foray to capture them. But
when he sent Colonel Baum with
a force Of 600 Hessians to capture
the supplies he was underestimate
ing badly both the numbers and
the fighting qualities of Stark's
men.
Stark was a native of Manches-
ter, N. H., and had served with
distinction with Rogers Rangers
in the French and Indian war and
as a colonel at Bunker Hill, at
Trenton and at Princeton. When
congress passed him by in pro-
noting officers in the Continental
army, he resigned from the army.
Several months before, Yer
mont had declared its independ-
ent as a state. When Burgoyne
captured Ticonderoga consterna-
ton spread throughout the new
commonwealth because the Yer
monters felt that this capture laid
them open to whatever punish
ment Burgoyne might wish to in
fiict upon them. So they called
upon New Hampshire for assist
ance in repelling the invaders.
A Premature Censure. ..
Accordingly, New Hampshire
raised a force Of militia and put
John Stark in command with the
rank Of general. incidentally, Off
GERS of the Continental army and
congress resented this action and
the latter, on August 9, passed a
vote of censure upon him for ac-
cepting the appointment. This
was three days after his victory
and just a day before the news of
it reached them!
On August 7 Stark marched his
men to Manchester, VT, where he
Carbon County news., 1937-07-30

the present site of Utica, N. Y,
and reached Whitestown the next
day. Here Herkimer sent a mes
senger to Gansavoort to arrange
for cooperation against the enc
my. The commander at Fort
Schuyler was to fire three cannon
shots as signal that a detach-
Inent was ready to make sortie
from the fort, whereupon Herki-
mer would launch his attack
against st. Leger.
The Impatient MiIitiamen.
But his couriers were delayed in
getting through the eneny's lines
Carbon County news., 1937-07-30

and the unruly rnilitiamen-most
of them frontiersrnen and typical
rugged individualists" began to
chafe at the delay. Again and
again they demanded that their
officers lead them against the foe.
Enraged by TIerkimer's refusal,
they went so far as to call. him a
Tory who would betray them and
sacrifice the defenders of Fort
Schuyler. But the croWning insult
came when Colonel Cox shouted
'tHe dares not march! He is a
coward!" Herkimer sprang up,
his face white, his eyes blazing.
Colonel Bellinger and Major Frey
Carbon County news., 1937-07-30
By ELMO SCOTT WATSON

THE surrender Of "Genteman Johnny" Burgoyne the
luckless British commander at Saratoga October IT,
1 is not only of the high spots in the history of the
United States but it is also milestone in world history
Rebellion, which twelvemonh ago contemplate
pygy is now in appearance become giant wrote con-
temporary and his estimate of the Importance of that event
foh hn
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1937-12-23
Schools And
Churches Give
YuleProgra1ns
Children Have Annual
Programs; Churches To
Have Special Services.

Sunday school and grade school
programs and special Christmas
services in the churches will fea-
ture the Christmas weekend in the
Priest Rapids valley.
The Hartford grade school gave
it's program Thursday evening, as
did the White Bluffs Presbyterian
Sunday school, these to be followed
Friday morning by the program at
the White Bluffs grade school and
on Christmas Eve by the programs
of the Hanford Sunday school and
the White Bluffs Lutheran church.
A special Christmas service will
be observed in the Lutheran church
Saturday morning, with the regular
services and holy communion being
observed Sunday morning.
The Presbyterian church will
hold it's Christmas services at White
Bluffs Sunday morning and at
Hafford Sunday evening.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1937-12-23
Holiday Spirit Helps
Xmas Seal Campaign

with the activity of Christmas
shopping the seal sale has contin-
ued it's growth to the last business
day of the sale. The holiday spirit
has helped the campaign says
Mrs. Frank Clark, publicity chair
man of the tuberculosis Leagues
annual seal sale.
eff you have not mailed in your
contribution for Christmas seals, we
hope you have used them. The
Town Crier needs all the help he
can get to carry to everyone in
Benton county his message that
tuberculosis is preventable and
curable.'
1.-THE Christmas seals, if placed
on your packages and letters, will
reach from your heart to some-
body's bedside. tuberculosis still
works "a hours day, with no off
days.
"Let us all send in our contribu-
tions to help finance the Benton
County Leagues educational pros
gram. Your returns will be CRATE
fully received and used for this
purpose"
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1937-12-23
Island Area Closed
During Beaver Trapping

A plea that everyone stay away
from the lower point of BarretHs
Island for the time being was
voiced this week by State Game
Protector @. A. Kinney, who is
trapping the beaver at that place.
eve have received many COM
plants about the damage these
beavers are doing" says Mr. KIN
ney, land we are attempting to get
rid of them, but we find that our
traps are being molested, thus MAX
ing our efforts useless. We cannot
afford to carry On this work UNI 1,l 4.
less people will cooperate with us,
so we are forced to close that area
to everyone until our work is COM
pleted."
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1937-12-23
Trade Conditions Bar To N
Foreign Apple Sales, Says Dean

several LOGAN varieties that he would
prefer.
In an interview with DR.. Weber,
economic advisor to the ministry
of agriculture of the German gov
eminent, Dean Johnson was told
that it was impossible for that
country to buy American fruit UNI
less it could be paid for with the
products of German factories. The
Germans are compelled to get their
fruit wherever barter arrangements
are possible and often have to ac-
cept quality much inferior to that
available in the United States. The
official said that Brazilian cotton,
less desirable than that produced in
the southern states, Is imported be-
cause Germany can pay for it with
manufactured goods.
Germany and Sweden feature
the home garden with fruit trees
rather than the commercial Or
chard, although the latter is found
in Germany. Sweden imported over
100000 bushels of apples last year
(Please turn to page 81
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1937-12-23
Christmas Work Sets
Record At Postoffice

With an average of Is sacks Of
mail being received each day. the
White Bluffs postoffice this week
reached the peak of the pre- Christ
mas rush. Monday was the busiest
day, with thirty sacks of mail be-
ing received.
This day also set a new record
in stamp sales, with a total of $44
the largest amount sold since the
pre- depression days.
The mail will arrive as usual OH
the star route Christmas morn
ing, Postmaster j. f. Leander says,
and the Office will be open until
II o'clock that morning for the
convenience of the patrons. There
will be no rural route delivery.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1937-12-23

Pacific northwest apples rank
high in comparison with the fruit
produced in Europe in the estima-
ton of Dean Edward G.. Johnson,
State College of Washington, who
recently related some of his exper-
fences abroad before the Washing
ton State Horticultural Association.
He also found that preferences vary
from country to country but that
many foreign countries would like
to use fruit and other products
from the United States if they
could exchange their products for
them.
Markets for apples in England,
the dean found, are SO good and
SO easily accessible to the English
grower that he is an mdividualist
and there is little cooperation with
neighbors in marketing. The Lon
don markets prefer small apple,
especially in the dessert varieties,
and little or no thinning is done.
The Cox's Pippin variety is the ia
vorite dessert apple in England but
Dean Johnson said he could name
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1937-12-23
Hanford's New
q
Community
Hall Dedicated
Large Crowd Present At
Opening Featured BY
Program and Dance.

The danford community hall
was opened Saturday night, a large
crowd, both from this valley and
from nearby communities attend
ing the opening ceremonies. The
event was sponsored by the Wo-
mems Improvement Club, about
$65 being netted. This will be useo
in paying off the indebtedness ON
the building.
j. III. Evett was master of cere-
monies of the short program which
included the following numbers:
Flag salute by three Boy Scouts,
followed by the national anthem,
solo, Sue Anglin; tap dance, Mar
ian Evans of Prosser; acrobatic
dances, Joyce and Eloyce Evans of
Prosser; skit, Mrs. Harold Evett
with music by Mrs. Mabel Turner.
Following the program, dancing
was enjoyed In the main hall, mu-
sic being furnished by the East
ssIIanford orchestra, while card
games were provided in the library
room downstairs for those who did
not care to dance.
The hall and card rooms were
attractiveIy decorated win Christ
mas trimmings, wreaths and gar
lands. Two Christmas trees were
placed at the foot of the stage.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1937-12-23
Milwaukee To Give
Weekly Train Service

The Priest Rapids valley will
have train service once a week dur
ing the winter months, it was an
nounced this week by Milwaukee
traffic officials.
The train, which will be run as
an extra, will make the trip each
Wednesday. No definite schedule
will be observed, the train to leave
Othello about 10 am. and arrive
in White Bluffs about 3 pm.
This schedule will be in effect
until produce shipments begin III
the spring.