davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-02-25

The Santa Maria choir, under the direction of Mrs. Susanne Fox Dru- ia will present 8 program of famous songs over radio station WATR this evening at 7:15s o'clock. which it is expected will attract wide au- dience of music enthusiasts.
 The program by the choir is as follows, "In the Garden of Tomor- row." by, Jesse Deppen; Moon beams" by Victor Herbert; Loves old Sweet Song" by Molloy- Bliss; and Kentucky Babe" by Adam Geibel. #@ Miss Margaret Geddes will accom- pany the choral. singing at the piano. 2
 The Santa Maria choir is unit of the Daughters of Isabella of which Mrs. Margaret Greaney. is the local Regent. Miss Jane Casey heads the committee on radio work and is assisted by Mrs. Elizabeth Savage, Miss Genevieve Guilfoile, Mrs, Katherine Johnson, and Miss Eleanor Devereaux.
 The membership of the choir iIl- cludes, The Misses, Ann Buckley, Kay Cooley, Mildred McGovern, Nella Rosa, Florence Dillane, Leona Sokolowsky, Gloria Carmen, Eileen Kelly, Inez Kelly, Eleanor Dever- eaux, Genevieve Guilfoile, and Kae Heffernan; also Mrs. Frances Whe- Ian, Mrs. Anna Duffy, Mrs. Mildred Cavanaugh, Mrs. Irene Luschenat, Mrs. Olive Hickox, Mrs. Katherine Johnson, Mrs. Margaret Dulac and Mrs. Mary Lyons. -s
 Miss Rosalind M. Stoddard of Fox street is spending week in Bellerose, L. IT, as the guest of her cousin, Doris Lowe Kipp.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-02-25
CORNELL BRIDGE

The result of games played yes terday in the-a Cornell club under the direction of Mrs., John Moriarty at 60 Linden street are as fol- lows:
 North and South: Mrs. Robert Jillson and Mrs. Rachael Henge- weld, Ill; Mrs. Harry ziben and Mrs. Thomas Reilly, 107R.
 East and West: Mrs. Frank Cor rigan and Mrs. Patrick Wallace, 114; Mrs. John Collins and Mrs. H. R. Standiford 10814.
 The official standing is: Mrs. John Collins and Mrs. Eugene Doi1erty, 4171z; Mrs. Louis Lougee and Mrs. Edward Clark, 415; Mrs. Collins and Mrs. H. H. Standiford, 414h; Mrs. John Shea and Mrs. Joseph, Sumphf, 4131a. 's
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-02-25
FAST NEWS

Claimed to be new long distance record for such installation, a tele- type telegraph service has been set up between Paramount studios in Hollywood and Sun Valley, Idaho, where the Wesley Ruggles unit pro- ducing T Met Him In Paris" starr ing Claudette Colbert, is on location.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-02-25
wATERvILLE CLUB

Mrs. Homer Senior and Mrs. Leon Totten entered first place with 49 and 1-2 match points as 8 result of the games played in the Waterville tourney.
 Two teams weret tied for second place with 45 points, Mrs. Alfred Emmons and Mrs. James Largay and Mrs. George Goggin and Mrs. O. H. Hunt. For east and west, Mrs. Charles Ferry and Mrs. William O'Callaghan finished in first place with 59 1-2 match points with Mrs. Ralph Grain and Mrs. James Dun- can, runnersup with 50. The official Standing: Mrs. Ferry and Mrs. 'Callaghan, 123; Mrs. Grain and Mrs. Duncan, 107 1-2: Mrs. Totten and Mrs. Senior, 99 1-2.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-02-25
Contract Bridge
CORNELL CLUB

The team of George O'Meara and Morris Levine entered top ranking in the North and South games of this weeks games in the Cornell tournament. Mir. O'Meara and MT. Levine registered with 127 points. 7, The runners-up were Drew Con- nelly and Miss Helen Collins with Ill 1-2. In the east and west diyi- sion, Joseph Sullivan and Mrs. E. J: Nelson were high with 124, with D.. F. O'Connor and Fred Healey in second place with IA. The official standing: Levine and OT1eara. 255 1-2; Sullivan and Mrs. Nelson PA 1-2; O'Connor and Healey,, 210; Misses Marion Cunningham and Katherine Mahaney, POP.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-02-25

Mrs. John L. Lindsey of North Main street was hostess at z. birth day party given recently at her home in honor of her daughter, Barbara Louise, who was celebrating her second birthday. Those present were: Patricia Johnston, Katherine Martin, Margery Johnston, Margaret Sullivan, Roland Ladd, John John sto;l, Francis Julien, Richard Mar tin, Edward Poudrier, Edward Nor ton, Robert Poudrier; also MT. and Mrs. G. Thompson, MT. and Mrs. R. Ishmial, MT. and Mrs. E. Poudrier, Mrsh R. Martin, Mrs. R. Ladd, MT. and Mrs. F. Julien, D. Forte, T. Sul- Ii an, L. Julien and MT. and Mrs. rthur Julien.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-02-25

Miss Olive Bergen of New York visited with her parents, MT. and Mrs. Frank x. Bergen of Baldwin street, during the past few days Other visitors included Mir. and Mrs. William D. Coughlin and son Robert of Bridgeport.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-02-25

Mitchell job like the title her book moustace have Gone With the Wind was rare
 
 Institute meeting in Athens Mitchell presents the beribboned edOr delivery HerSche Evening by illness attending the gathering
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-02-25
BANDITS GET S2O, MISS S1,OoO

Cleveland (UP).-A bandit trio, who obtained $20 in a cafe hold up, missed by five minutes $1,0OO delivered to the cafe from bank.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-02-25

clubs, which held the trick. The six of clubs was played, and the ten finessed. South won with the king.
 South then made the brilliant lead
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-02-25
Personal
Birthday Party. For 7Uins Held

Norman and Russell Farnlof. twin Ions of MT. and Mrs. Herbert Far1t- iof of Wheeler street were recently 1tonored at a party held on their six- teenth birthday. Those attending were: Misses Joyce German, Mir jam. Harris, Polly Wilcox, Alice Thomas, Margaret Mitchell, Lor-. raine Kraft, Helen Mitchell, Mar jDrie Peterson, Muriel Rogers, Vir- ginia Gibson, Albert Peterson, Ar thur Peterson, William Carew, B. Watson, Sherman Brown, Carlton Lockhart, Thomas White, Barrett Brown, B. Galligan, Lester Good rich Shepard, Ruth Logue, Clara May Shepherd, Helen Gelgauda, Edgar Albert Farnlof, Mrs. William Westwood, Mrs. William Hornbecker and MT. and Mrs. Alfred Farnlof.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-02-25

Mrs. Joseph Lombard is chairman of the arrangements committee in charge of a card party which will be given tomorrow night in Moose hall by the Daughters of Italy circle, Companions of the Forest. The com- nlittee is listed as follows:
 Mrs. Anna Santasiero, Mrs. Jo- seph Fusco, Mrs. Catherine Spino, Mrs. Joseph Parziale, Mrs. Ludwig Carosella, Mrs. Elizabeth Lot1go, Mrs. Samuel Pinto, Miss Bertha Paoloni, Miss Carmella Petricone and Miss Olga Piola.
 The courses for various grades in the grammar school were discussed last night by Miss Anna E. Pagan, principal of Slocum school, at a meeting of the ladies' auxiliary of Our Lady of Lourdes church in the parish hall. Rev. Joseph Valdarn- brini, pastor, also delivered a short Sf1nAcl1
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-02-25

. Both the New Universities Dictionary and inc Popular Atlas of the World will prove their worth within a short while. The coupon and 98 cents brings you both books, postpaid.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-02-25

We feel sure that Attic and Dickie would like 10 be helpmates in your home. There are no two books quite as useful as the Atlas and the Dictionary. Both are beautifully bound, and are a welcome addi- lion 10 any library.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-02-25

Miss Rosalind M. Stoddard of Fox street is spending a week in Bellerose, L. IT, as the guest of her cousin, Doris Lowe Kipp.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-02-25

Order your copy of the New Uni- versailles Dictionary today. and we will be pleased 10 send you, FREE, the Popular Atlas of the World. The cost of the dictionary is only 98 cents, and it is well worth the price.
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1937-04-08
YOUTHS
TO Be SCOUTS
Roy SCOUT MOVEMENT WILL
GET UNDERWAY In CITY
SOON

Approximately 80 Plentywood
youths have declared they wish TO
be Boy Scouts and plans are being
made for the joint session to be held
shortly.
In charge will be DR.. James Ste
phens, who consented to work with
the boys at their regular group
meetings, under a plan being for
mulated by P~lentywood churches
and the Plentywood Lions club.
According to present plans, a pa
troll will be formed in each church
here and these patrols will have
regular weekly meetings under the
guidance of an assistant Scoutmas-
ter to be appointed.
1t is planned to bring all the pa
trolls together at intervals for a
joint session.
Services of a Boy Scout executive
to visit here at regular intervals to
confer with Scout committeeman
has been assured. Funds for this
purpose have been sent to Scout
headquarters in Minneapolis.
After a ~lapsation of several years
the Boy Scout movement in Plenty
wood is being enthusiastically re-
vived.
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1937-04-08
ELECTION
IS QUIET AFFAIR
URDAY FOR TRUSTEE
SHIPS

The annual school election held
in Plentywood Saturday was a quiet
affair and Mrs. Howard NJ. Lewis
and C. G.. Christianson were re-elect-
ed as trustees of the district for
three-year terms.
Mrs. Lewis and Mr.. Christianson
were unopposed. %SiXty-three ballots
were cast. Mrs. Lewis received 81
votes and C. G.. Christianson 60.
Levy Carries Strong
The regular mill levy used for
maintenance and OPERATION of the
district schools carried by an over
whelming majority. Forty-three bal
lots were cast on the issue and but
three voters opposed 1t.
Judges OF election were Mrs. H
w. Barner, Mrs. Geo. Wheeler and
Albert HOLMAN.
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1937-04-08
CITY CONSIDERS
THE PURCHASE OF
WILDWOOD PARK
Discuss Plans at Meeting on
Monday; Issue Beer
License

The city council in session Mon
day evening discussed plans to pur-
chase Wildwood park in Plenty
wood. The council went on record as
fayorins its purchase and definite
plans will be formulated soon, 1t
was announced.
The park, now owned and operat-
ed by Harry DeSilva is a popular
recreational spot and if plans being
considered by the council material
ize ii will be maintained as a mu-
nicipal recreational site.
P~lentywood's Lions club has gone
on record as favoring the plan to
purchase the park property. Mr.. De-
Silva has expressed his wish to dis
pose OF it. 1t has been operated by
Mr.. DeSilva for a number of years
and the park itself is the result OF
years of painstaking labor.
Tentative plans call for enlarge
ment of the parks swimming pool
and installation of other facilities.
Issue Beer License
At the Monday night session the
council voted TO grant Gottlieb and
Daryis, of Plentywood. a beer IL
cense. They plan to open a beer par
Tor in the north wing of the Grand
View hotel.
No applications for license to dis
pense hard liquor under the new
state law which went into effect on
Monday, were presented to the coun-
Gil.
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1937-04-08
BANDS ACCEPTING
INVITATION
TWELVE ORGANIZATIONS SIGNI-
Fly THEY WILL ATTEND
ROUNDUP

Twelve bands have already sig
nihed that they will take part
in the Northeastern Montana Band
Roundup to be staged in P~lentywood
May Is.
Invitations have been extended to
prominent organizations in this Sec
ton and towns and cities have mu-
steal organizations are quickly re-
spending to the invitations.
Bands from Antelope, Medicine
Lake, Outlook. Dooley. Comertown,
Froid, Culbertson, Bainville, Plenty
wood, the Flaxville American Lee
gion Drum and Bugle corps, and two
bands from Williston have already
signiied that they will attend. From
present indications at least 16 bands
will take part.
The band roundup will be the first
of its kind staged in Plentywood and
Is under the sponsorship of school
executives and the Plentywood Lions
club.
Plans are going forward to make
1t a gala day Of entertainment.
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1937-04-08
Youth Finds Purse,
Returns 1t to Owner

Clifford Jerde, who lives with
his parents north of Comertown,
Is an honest young man.
Last week Clifford found a
purse on the Blue Trail 10 miles
east of Plentywood. 1t contained
s27 in cash and Identification pa
pers. The purse had been lost by
Mrs. Louis Andersen of Westby,
while enroute to her home from
Plentywood.
Clifford promptly got in touch
with a neighbor of Mrs. Ander-
sen who delivered the lost pocket
book to her.
The purse was found the day
after its loss.
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1937-04-08
Lions Club Protests Limit
on Seed Loans to Farmers

The Plentywood Lions club has
gone on record as protesting cuts
in seed loans to farmers which, &C
cording to Information presented to
the club Wednesday, is. quite general
in this section.
Farmers are allowed a maximum
loan of $500. Cuts have been report
ed in the majority of cases below the
farmers needs. 1t was estimated
that reductions have been made in
rs percent of the cases where loans
have been granted. 1t was explained
that reductions were not being made
from this end of the department.
a committee headed by Sen. Lars
Angvick Immediately took steps to
contact Washington officials in an
effort to halt the slicing of seed
loans.
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1937-04-08
Dog Prisoner Working
In City and Many Pets
Die Agonizing Deaths

The "meanest man" is at work
again in the city.
During the past week many dogs,
cherished as pets, have fallen victim
to a dog poisoner. The CANNES have
been lured to their death by choice
and tempting morsels of meat which
carries deadly strychnine.
Many of these pets have stiffened
In agonizing death in P~lentywood
this week.
Plentywood's city council has Of
fered a reward of S25 for the APP
~prehension and conviction of the
poisoner.
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1937-04-08
Return from Visit with
Relatives in Missouri

Mrs. H. E. Ross and son Otis re-
turned last week from a winters
visit in Missouri with relatives of
Mrs. Ross. She had been called south
by the death of her mother last fall.
While away Otis took unto him
self a bride, Miss Laura Garnett Of
Archer, Mo-, who returned with her
husband.
Just before starting for home
Mrs. Ross was called to New Lon
don, Texas. the Gene Of the terrible
gas explosion catastrophe which
took the lives of more than four
hundred children three weeks ago.
A nephew, Robert Sallee. IT, who
would have graduated in June, was
among the fatalities.
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1937-04-08
SNOW COMES TO
AID DRY FIELDS
WET SNOWFALL OVER WEEK
END Is GENERAL OVER
THIS SECTION

A wet snow bringing moisture in
varying degrees b~lanketed Sheridan
county over the week end and came
to aid top soil, dry from lack of win
ter SHOWS and early spring rains.
In Plentywood it was estimated
rs of an inch of precipitation was
received, while at Westby the gov
eminent gauge there recorded 10 of
an inch.
Shows were heavier in the south
part of the county and in the Re-
serve vicinity the fall was believed
% be the greatest. Stubble fields
in that section two days after the
snowfall carried a good covering.
Saturday this entire country was
blanketed with moisture-laden snow.
Monday another light snowfall
brought additional moisture and
that evening a light rain fell.
The precipitation was greatly well
coined by farmers who have been
none too optimistic during the dry
spring. Fields lacked moisture in all
parts of the county.
Overcast skies continue this week
and additional moisture is expected
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1937-04-08
PROMOTERS MAKE
PLANS FOR SKIES
MATCH april q
Pacific Coast Battler to Meet
Canadian Fighter in
P~lentywood

Negotiations were completed to-
day to bring Johnny Skies. outstand-
ing Interchangeable fighter, to
boxing card to be staged here April
% by the Plentywood American Lee
gion post.
Harry McGee, Legion promoter,
states that Tiger" Fischer, Moose
Jaw. Sask.. ELECTROMAGNETIC and
highly rated ring general, has been
signed to be Skies opponent.
The bout brings to Plentywood in
Skies one of the best ring men of
the Pacific coast. He has been cam
paigning with top-notchers and has
gained prominence in the squared
circle. Recently in Seattle he fought
Allen Matthews, colored boxer, rated
by THE Ring" in the upper bracket
of the worlds best light-heavies.
Skies battled Matthews twice, and
although losing hair-line decisions,
won the plaudits Of fans. Skies is in
Williston visiting relatives for a
short time, before returning to the
coast in search of new laurels. 1t is
his visit to this section that makes
possible his appearance here.
Promoter McGee lost no time in
securing a %top-notch opponent for
the Pacific coast battler. Spider
Fischer was the logical opponent
He has been fighting the best in two
Canadian provinces and a telephone
conversation with his manager yes
tarduv T. rnunatnd thaf Eicnhnr mo q in
good condition and was ready for
the fray-anXious to meet Skies
Supporting Card
Matchmaker McGee is lining III
an outstanding supporting card. Art
Hoff, Radville. Sask., featherweight
who KIDD Kid Van Dee of Minot. N
D., here in SO seconds or their noal
on the last Legion caro-. mas been
signed for the semi-windup. He is
scheduled to fight Cehank Carrico OF
Great Falls. Roland Light, Noonan,
N. D., middleweight, VIII from pre-
sent indications fight Johnny Vanos-
XII of Grea. Falls in the main pre-.
%liminary.
Other preliminary bouts are be
ing arranged and one will feature
"King Kong of Plentywood ant
Battling Heron of Raymond. Botf
appeared on the card here in Deem
Der.
Arrangements are being made tt
accommodate the record crowd ex
pected. AS in the past, all seats will
be ringside.
The card, without doubt, brings
together some of the best fghteri
that people of this section have eve,
had opportunity to see in action.
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1937-04-08

affect city elections which will occur
next week. Last general election and
additional registrations made prior
to passage OF the act are to be used
in elections held prior to June l..
Under terms of the bill, re-regis-
tration of voters is to be made by
county clerks and by deputy regis
trars appointed by boards of county
commissioners for the various pre-
cincts Of the different counties.
The new law is the outcome of a
thorough investigation of alleged
election frauds in the western sec
ton of the state.
Charges reverberated that persons
known to be dead many years were
still casting their ballots"
-afteripfare
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1937-04-08
Neville Reelected Mayor and
Two New Aldermen to
Take Office

In the most spirited city election
held here in many years, voters on
Monday returned p. G. Neville to
the office of mayor, reelected Henry
w. Barner and c. c. Johnston al
dermen and voted Roy Nelson and
Edw. Peterson to aldermen posts.
Johnston and Nelson will repre-
sen citizens in ward l on the city
board and Barner and Peterson in
ward 2. The mayor and aldermen
were elected for two-year terms.
Albert HOLMAN, candidate for
city treasurer and Geo. Munson, can
didate for police magistrate. were
reelected without opposition.
p. G. Neville 9arnered 213 votes
in the two wards. Joe Redmond re-
ceived 119 and E. NJ. Jackson II.
In ward two. 141 ballots were
cast from a registration of 100 and
in the first ward 268 ballots were
cast from a registration of nearly
400. The percentage of votes cast is
believed TO be the biggest of any
city election in Is years.
Roy Nelson led the aldermen bal
loting in ward n and Edw. Peter
son in ward two. A close contest de-
veloped between H. w. Barner and
AL Hendrickson in ward two, the
former winning by eight votes.
The officials elected will take Of
fee the first Monday in May. Mayor
Neville will at that time start his
third term as mayor. Alderman
Johnson has served three terms and
H. b. Barner has served three.
Interest Revived
With many candidates in the field
and civic issues involved, the cleo
tion interest gained as b~alloting
time neared.
Candidate Joe Redmond, seeking
the mayorial seat, as In issue cam
paigned vigorously by scatter-sheet
attacking the Montana-Dakota Pow
er Co. Redmond contended in cir
culars that brentwood citizens
were paying SIS a month in taxes
10 live IN their own bpmes, when -
power company pays to the city APP
proNimately 500 a year in taxa
ton"
Redmond, in his charges, stated
thai the power company OF Willis
ton runs the town OF Plentywood by
remote control He charged that
sit cost the city of P%lentywood S145
for electricity to pump water at the
new rate in February" and as a
comparison of the amount of water
used in summe months. he contend
ed pumping costs would be at least
$435.
A statement published by P. G.
Neville stated that records of the
city of Plentywood show that during
the last fiscal year the City OF Plen.
tywood paid the Montana-Dakota
Power company for electricity fol-
pumping city water, the sum of ST.
1876" This would average approx
imately 500 a month.
Candidate Redmond campaigned
on a platform favoring a Diesel-op-
Grated electric plant for the city.
How They Voted
WARD 1
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1937-04-08
Sheridan Students on
College Honor Rolls

Four Sheridan county students
are listed with SO students on the
Northern Montana college honor roll
for the winter quarter.
Those from this county are Alice
Ridenour, Plentywood; Arthur john
son, Plentywood; Raymond Ander-
son, Westby; Emma Wollan, Out
look. Daniels county was also we'll
represented on the scholastic roll.
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1937-04-08
President Doe of St. Olaf
College Will Speak Here

Tuesday, April 10, DR.. l.. w. Boo,
President of St. Olaf college, will
give an address at the Plentywood
Lutheran church. His appearance is
sponsored by the Lutheran Mems
club. The public is cordially invited.
The meeting will begin promptly at
s pm. Lunch will be served after
the meeting by the following COM
mittee; Robert Smith. chairman; j.
A.. Benson, Alfred HELM, T.. Nj.
Jackson, Selmer Johnson, Alden
Klovstad, l.. S. Smith.
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1937-04-08
County Clerk Will Burn Old
Registrations and Start Anew

Within five days after June /, old
registration records at the Sheridan
county court house will be taken to
the refuse pile and burned. This is
in accordance with a law passed by
the last legislature which provides
for complete new registration lists.
The law has been signed by the gov
ernor.
The law states county clerks
must within five days after June /
of this year burn all present regis
tration records" Each county clerk
is instructed to inform voters,
through advertisements, their regis
t~rations have been cancelled and
they must re-register.
The new law does not in any way
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1937-04-08
RANGE is
SLATED I'm COUNTY

Farmers and ranchers wishing to
participate in the 1897 range pro-
gram must file their applications
Immediately, Harry Ehrmanntraut,
secretary of the county Soil conser-
walton board has announced.
Every operator should report to
the county office the number of
acres fenced of non-crop pasture
land on each unit, the secretary
said.
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1937-04-08
Ally Weather Road from
Here to Scobey Is Seen

An all-weather road from Plenty
wood to Scobey appeared a reality
last week with the finishing touches
of %gravelling operations under way.
Gravel trucks of the Mclaughlin
Construction Co., have been operat-
ing, completing hte job, and as soon
as weather permits, oiling OF the
stretch will get under way.
Gravel has been taken from city
pits in the south outskirts of the
city. The gravelling work went for
ward at a rapid pace.
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1937-04-08
Big Vote Cast In City
Election Monday With
Many Names on Ballot
SHERIDAN COUNTY is
IN REFERENDUM SIDE

More than double the number of
signers needed to place Sheridan
county in the column favoring a re-
ferendum on the open saloon act
have been gathered, committeeman
in charge state.
Five hundred signatures were
needed here and from present indi-
cations the total number of signers
on petitions will exceed one thous-
and. Many petitions are yet in cir
culatiOn.