davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana labor news., 1937-07-22

After thorough discussion, the convention
adopted the recommendation of the Council
with but one dissenting vote.
In 1890 the Congress of the United States
for the first time in the history of that body
held an extensive hearing on the question of
old age pensions at the request of the Ameri-
can Federation of Labor.
Later the American Federation of Labor
prepared model old-age pension bill for the
consideration of the various states and mo-
bilized the entire labor movement in the in
terest of old-age pension legislation.
The movement for old-age pensions was
given an added impetus when President
Roosevelt included the proposal for Federal
assistance to them in the Social Security Bill
which he presented to Congress during the
first few weeks of the Seventy-Fourth Ses-
sion This progressive measure, which be-
came law on August IA, 1885, made
blanket Federal appropriation to the states
with approved old-age pension laws of one
half the pension up to $50 month provided
by the state laws together with a definite
percentage appropriation to aid the states in
administering their old-age pension systems.
1t is significant that the age requirement
fixed by the Social Security Act is 65 years,
which is the identical age recommended by
the 1929 convention of the American Fedora
ton of Labor
In view Of the fact that in some states the
old-age pension laws fixed the age at 70 years,
the Federal Act permitted that age to con-
tinue until January 1910, when it is manda-
tory to reduce it to 65 years.
Only eight years have elapsed since the
American Federation of Labor adopted the
report of the Federation's Executive Council
favoring pensions for the needy aged and
modified the organized labor movement and
other progressive forces in support of the old
age pension plan. Only eight years! And
now comes report of the Social Security
Board carrying the information that AZ states,
the District of Columbia and the Territory
of Hawaii now have plans approved by the
Board for assistance to the needy aged.
All of which is definite proof that repre-
sentative government, democratic institutions
and democratic procedure, plus democratic
labor movement working together for COM
mon purpose, can achieve relatively unlimit-
ed results in the field of social legislation de-
signed to protect the masses against suffering
imposed by conditions beyond the control Of
either individuals or groups
Montana labor news., 1937-07-22
Progress of Old-Age Pensions

The influence of the American Federation
of Labor in securing an approach to security
for aged people whose economic condition
does not enable them to live without private
or public charity, including resort to public
alnshouses, is well illustrated in the field OF
old-age pensions.
After broad study Of the question of old
age security, the Executive Council Of the
American Federation of Labor made report
on the perilous condition of the needy aged,
and the almost complete lack of public pro-
lection for them against want, to the 1929
convention of the Federation, held in Tor
onto, Canada.
On the general question of inadequate old
age security, the Council said:
"In addition to the job lUhich assures IN
come from dag to dag, the neTt big fear IN
the luage earnerS' life is the possibility OF
old age lUithout income. The SaUingS margin
of lUaqeS is usually not large enough to pro
Uide for family necessities and emergencies
and also proUide for income for old age"
Pointing out that in 1923 there were 49,
O9O persons in public almshouses," without
considering the number of dependent per-
sons "in private institutions or receiving some
Council analysed the economic conditions of
workers in the United States and gave the
following trenchant summary of the main
causes of poverty among the aged:
Unemployment, accidents, sickness, mas
fortune either of the individual or members
of his family, IN addition to declining earn
ing ability, cause dependency. In the early
days of this country, the prevailing agricul-
tural environment made it easier for family
group to take care of its aged. There lDas an
abundance of space and food that reduced the
difficulties of adding another member to the
home There 1Uere many chores that enabled
the older persons to find lUork and feel them
SeJveS useful.
with grolUing irduStriaIization and mod
ern methods of production, the organization
of modern homes, eUery additional member
of the household means a proportionate in
crease IN family expenses. Changed organ
ization of the home does not provide the for
mer opportunities for older persons to be
useful Modern standards of living all too
frequently IeaUe small margins for additional
expenses or SaUingS These conditions, to-
gether qUith the increasing difficulty Of older
lUorkers in finding employment, haze made
the problem of income for old age increasing
ly serious"
Confronted with these conditions, and the
fact that only seven states and the Territory
of Alaska had old age pensions Of any Sort
the Executive Council recommended compul-
sorry state legislation giving pensions to the
needy aged and urged IAN active campaign
for the enactment of such laws in every
state" In addition the Council recommended
sixty-fve years as the age for applicants
Montana labor news., 1937-07-22
Spanish Loyalists Unlucky

Spanish loyalists are playing in hard luck
these days. The fall of Bilboa was serious
defeat, not a deadly one. The planes and
guns which gained this victory for Franco
and his rebels came from Germany, and
goodly share Of the men in his army came
from Italy. And while the Fascist powers
are pouring in men and munitions on the side
of Franco, the nations naturally friendly to
the loyalist government are faltering and
hesitating
Russia whose planes proved distinctly SUI
perior to the German planes in earlier fight
ing, is torn with conspiracies which the gov
ernment is trying to crush by mass execu-
tons. France is in the throes Of financial
crisis and does not feel able to move without
at least the moral support of England. And
the British government Tory to the core, is
really hoping for a stalemate in the Spanish
civil war, and is proposing to recognize the
Franco regime as "belligerents"
All of which must be terribly discouraging
to the Spanish liberal groups who form the
loyalist Spanish government But discour-
agement can go too far England, France and
Spain all recognized the confederates as bel
ligerents in our Civil War, but Appomattox
arrived, just the same.-Seattle Labor NeaDs
Montana labor news., 1937-07-22

The General Council of the Inter
national Federation of Trade Unions
at its recent meeting in Warsaw,
Poland, unanimously adopted reso-
luton accepting the affiliation of the
American Federation of Labor
''It is the General Councils heart
felt wish" the resolution said, "that
this affiliation should help to unite
all sections of the United States trade
union movement and that all neces-
sary efforts should be made with a
view to removing the causes of the
internal differences which have aris-
en- in the United States trade union
movement.
"The international Federation Of
Trade Unions will gladly use its in
fluence in such a mediatory capacity
as the bodies concerned may ap-
prove.
"The international Federation o1
Trade Unions does not wish to inter.
fere in any way in the American
trade union movements internal af
fairs, wherefore its decision should
not be taken as approval or con
demnation of the form of organiza
ton of any of the bodies concerned
ut should be understood that thu
Montana labor news., 1937-07-22

present decision is entirely without
prejudice to the continued affilia-
ton of the United States unions to
their respective international trade
.secretariats recognized by the In
ternational Federation of Trade
Unions"
AffiliatiOn Hailed by Citrine
The resolution was moved by
George Hicks, Labor member of the
British Parliament, and was second
ed by Leon Jouhaux, secretary-gen-
eral of the French General Confed-
Grafton of Workers, and the Mexican
delegate Carrillo.
The Councils action favoring affil-
iation was hailed by Sir Walter
Citrine, president of the l. F. 7. u,
as one of the most important events
in the development of international
trade unionism. He said the addition
of the A. F. of L. raised the l. f. T. U.
membership to the 20, 900, 000 mark
Approved by WOll
Matthew Woll, third vice president
of the American Federation of La
Dor, who presented the application
for affiliation by authority of the
A. F. of L. Executive Council,
thanked his fellow members of the
I. F. T. u" for their action. He
fully approved the resolution and
welcomed the appeal it contained for
unity in the American labor move
ment.
Montana labor news., 1937-07-22
ASK FOR UNION
LABEL IN CAPS
CAP MAKERS LOCAL No. 10
United Hatters, Cap and Millinery
Mar.lrarc Itator.a o t.cxanl II.asa..

CAP MAKERS LOCAL No. 10
United Hatters, Cap and Millinery
Workers International Union
At this time we appeal to you be-
cause we have no one else to come
to when we are in distress, as repre-
sentatives of local unions we know
you will understand as no one else
can.
Our union has suffered more than
others. | say more because in addi-
ton to the general serious problems
workers have faced during the past
few years, we have had a separate
one all our own due to the bare
headedness fad we have dwindled to
one-third of our original size not be-
cause our members have lost inter-
est in their union but due to this in
dividual problem of ours which
seems hard to solve. Some of our
members have been forced out of
the trade. Whatever there is left is
hanging on to the union with all its
power and strength, but we cannot
do this alone. We need help and
assistance and the labor movement
can do this by just demanding the
union (help) label when buying a
cap. ! trust we can depend on your
cooperation.
Fraternally yours,
Jos. G. Snow, Secy
P. S. From time to time you will
receive cards same as those here
with apclOcod p1ooco oacc thoy,, ont
Montana labor news., 1937-07-22
A. F. OF |. JOINS
WORLD LABOR BODY

Affiliation Resolution Adopted
by l. F. I. U. Council Urges
Unity in American l. b r
Movement; Woll Approves
Councils Action; /. F. 7. u.
Membership Reaches Twenty
Million.
Montana labor news., 1937-07-22
Fraternally yours,

JOS G. Snow, Secy.
P. S. From time to time you will
receive cards same as those here
with enclosed. Please pass them out
among your delegates and please
read this letter to your next meeting.
Montana labor news., 1937-07-22

PERTH AMBOY, N. J.-(FP)-
Sole bargaining rights at the local
plant of the American Smelling &
Refining Co. were won by the Init.
Union of Mine, Mill & Smelter
Workers in an agreement ending a
2-week strike of LAO workers.
Wages were upped, and unskilled
workers get S. for an 8-hour day.
Montana labor news., 1937-07-22

NEW YORK-(FP)-Four unions
affiliated with the Committee for
Industrial Organization have an
nounced a drive to bring 100000
u. S. and Canadian machinery and
metal working workers into the c.
I. o.
The Nome daily nugget., 1937-03-24
Sunrise" Service

A Sunrise" Easter Service will be held on Chicken Hill Sunday morning beginning at 8 sclock-if the weather holds dear.
 The church bell will ring at 2 o'clock if the service is to be held The service will last for haf hour. It is understood tina. this is a novel undertaking for Nome but if the weather per mits, it should be an inspiring service
 You are invited to dress warm " put on your skis Cor what nave yoU and come.
 Possibly everyone has attend ed Sunrise Service in the stat es or other countries, and you undoubtedly remember the beau Eful locations where they were conducted, with the spring breeze sad the warm sun making the morning one to be long remem- oered.
 This is the first time that such @ service is to be conducted in Nome and it should be doubly interesting and attractive due to the fact that nearly everyone will have to be attired in warm clothes. and more especially ski toas.
 It should present an attractive picture to see Nomeites assembl- cd on this hill taking part in the Easter Services for the day.
The Nome daily nugget., 1937-03-24
LEAVES MOSCOW TO
 COMMAND SURVEYS
 ROUTE ACROSS POLE
(By The Associated nress)

(By The Associated nress)
 MOSCOW, March "A, - o. J. Schmidt, director of the Soviet northern sea route left Moscow yesterday amid strict secrecy.
 It was learned that he is to go to Archangel and take charge of polar air project, believed to include a plan for an air base at the North Pole.
 Several noted Soviet aviators have recently reported it feas- ib,e to land at the Pole and es- tablish a midway base between Moscow and San Francisco for future flights.
 S;gmund Levanefsky, one of the aviators, returned to Russia last summer after several months study in the United States, which some believed was connected with this project.
The Nome daily nugget., 1937-03-24
Senate Acts To
 Prevent Other
 Bills Coming Up
Especial to the Nugget

F,s3
 JUNEAU, March "A, - A par tial lid was clamped down on the introduction of bills at the extra ordinary session, with the excep- ton of those relating to Social Security.
 The action was taken when the senate passed resolution which provides that no bills, memorials, or resolutions can be accepted without two thirds consent of the senate.
 Brunnelle and Walker oppos- ed the resolution limitation which will automatically stop any action by the house, which means that the disputed sixty five thousand dollar appropriation TOT the transportation of school child ren, will probably be killed.
 The old age assistant measure was before the committee the whole day. Discussion centered around the amount which was to be paid. An effort was made to fix the compensation at forty five dollars monthly but it will pro- bably be decided to be set at thirty dollars, with the general government supplying half.
The Nome daily nugget., 1937-03-24
Experts Drilling See Gas Seepage
 Was Responsible
tBy The Associated Press)

NEW LONDON, Texas, March 24, - Texas government experts drilled ground here to determine whether gas seepage contributed to the school explosion last week
 Plans have been made to com plete the school year for the sur vivors. Only thirty of the seven ty in the June graduating class. survive.
 The military board of investi- gation into the disaster. speeded it work toward completion and the submitting of report to Governor Alfred
The Nome daily nugget., 1937-03-24
(Continued From Yesterday

(Continued From Yesterday
 That should it appear to the District Court after the granting of such license that any of the statements above enumerated and reuqired to be made in the appi- cation are untrue it shall be the duty of the Court to forthwith enter an order revoking such lic- ense and all license moneys de- posited by the applicant shall be thereby forfeited to the Territory and it shall be the duty of the United States Marshals and their deputies, and United States At- torneys and their assistants and all chiefs of police and other peace offers in their respective Divisions, Districts, Towns or set dement's to investigate and re- port to the District Court any vo- lation of any of the provisions of this Act.
 Section 5-lt shall be unlawful to give, barter or sell any intoxi- eating liquors, including beer and wine, to any person under the age of twenty-one years, to any
The Nome daily nugget., 1937-03-24
British Investigate Violations of Pact
(By The Associated Press,

LONDON, March B, Great Britain pressed an independent investigation of the reported It. allan aid to Spanish insurgents, as a direct violation of the ban against intervention in the Span ish civil war.
 The French and British who are in close touch, are convinced Mussolinis unexpected return from his Libyan visit is con- nected with the insurgent defeat
The Nome daily nugget., 1937-03-24

intoxicated person, or to an habit ual drunkard; and it shall be un- lawful for any licensee to permit the giving, selling, bartering or drinking of any intoxicating liq- uor within the premises covered by any license to or by any of the forbidden classes, nor shall such hcensee permit the drinking of hard or distilled liquors by any person upon the premises covered by his license.
 The drinking of intoxicating liquors on the premises covered by any license by any of the for bidden classes, or the presence of any intoxicated person on such premises, shall be cause for revo- cation of any such license, and further, that any person attend ing any grade or high school shall be considered less than twenty
The Nome daily nugget., 1937-03-24

tlolNoLOLO, MdTCn Lf, Il nlT- ty members of the crew of the freighter Fijian are adrift in op- en boats on the Pacific Ocean, a thousand miles from the nearest ship
 The men deserted the freight CT last night following an explo- sion in one of the holds.
 The crews only hope was to row five miles to Arutua Island in the Tahitian group, two thous- and miles south of Honolulu.
 The U. S. Coast Guard Cutter
The Nome daily nugget., 1937-03-24
Woes Friendship
(By The Associated Press)

PARIS. March 24, Diplo- matic circles reported that Fran ce was taking steps to woo the friendship of Generalissimo Fran cisco Franco, if the Insurgents win the Spanish civil war.
 The fall of Madrid would re- suit in France immediately re cognizing the Franco government it was surmised.
The Nome daily nugget., 1937-03-24
AN ACT

VS. b. TJ To provide for the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors in the Territory of Alaska. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the Territory of Alaska:
The Nome daily nugget., 1937-03-24

CREW OF FREICHTER ADRIFT IN
 OPEN BOAT 1000 MILES SHIP
(By The Associated Press)

Shoshone is at Jarvis Island d thousand miles away, but does not have fuel enough to make the trip.
 The freighter was chartered by San Francisco firm. 1t weighs SAY gross tons, and left San Francisco March End with a gen eral cargo for the south seas in the Antipodes.
 A wireless message from the Fijian did not say whether the ship sank or whether any one was killed.
The Nome daily nugget., 1937-03-24
NEW LIQUOR BILL FOR THE TERRITORY CONTAINS A
 FEW CHANGES THIS YEAR
northwest of Madrid.

The Spanish government char ged that three Italian divisions were included among the defeat ed troops.
The Nome daily nugget., 1937-03-24

one years of age, and the burden of determining the age shall be on the licensee.
 CD It shall be unlawful to per init any person under the age of tWenty-one years to enter any Beverage Dispensary unless the said minor is accompanied by his parent or guardian
 (3) No license shall be issued for the sale of any intoxicating liquor in any building within two hundred feet of any school build ing or church.
 (4) The premises of licensees under this Act shall be easily ac- cessible for inspection by munici- pal officers, United States Attor- neys, Assistant United States At torneys, United States Marshals, Deputy Marshals and Clerks of
 (Conknued on Page Three)
Milford chronicle., 1937-03-26
OVERLOOK

John Houston has a telephone In
stalled in his home. The line being
put under ground from the State
Highway to his home. distance OF
three-fourths of a mile.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Hastings and
sons David and Robert spent last
Sunday with their daughter, Mrs.
George Chapel and family in Cool
spring.
Mrs. Lester Fearns of Overbroox
and Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Reed and
Mrs. Charley Reed, Sr., of Siaugh-
ter Neck spent last Saturday in Will
mington shopping.
Philip Hastings of Coolspring
called on Harry Hastings on Sunday
morning.
Mr.. and Mrs. Rufus Mitchell of
Lewes called on the formers par
ents on Friday afternoon, Mr.. and
Mrs. Wash Mitchell.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Sharp called
on Mr.. and Mrs. William Warren and
Mr.. and Mrs. Edward Pettyjohn i'm
Rehoboth on Sunday afternoon.
The young people of Whites Cha
pei will put on a play on March 81
at the Community Hall at Cool
spring.
Virginia Warrington of near Lewes
spent last Sunday with Miss Elva
Neff.
Roy Simpler spent last Thursday
and Friday with friends In Philadel-
phia.
Mrs. Theodore Richards and
daughter Mable spent Sunday with
relatives in Lewes.
Mr.. and Mrs. Arthur Campbell at
tended the funeral of their cousin,
Mrs. Mary Stevenson in Selbyville
on Saturday afternoon.
Elisha Campbell who spent the
winter with their daughter. Mrs. |
Fred Stevenson and family of Media.
Pa, will spend this week with Mrs. |
Ira Wells and family. Arthur Camp !
bell and daughter Dorothy and Mrs.
Harold German and family OF Over
brook.
Mr.. Campbell will return to Will
mington the last of this week where
he will spend few days with MS
sons, Howard and Lee Campbell.
The first week in April he will spend
a few weeks with his son, John
Campbell and family up in the State
of New York.
Sunday school next Sunday morn
ing at 9:45, followed by classmeet-
i'm gat eleven by the leader, Green
East service at 1880 p.
nj. Everybody welcome to these SER
vices.
MIR. and Mrs. Charley Stout and
son Franklin spent last Sunday with
Mr.. and Mrs. John Legates. They all
motored to the home of the latter's
mother, Mrs. Mary Ann Legates and
spent the afternoon with his mother
and brother. Harley Legates and
family. Mrs. Legates, Sr., celebrated
her birthday anniversary on Friday,
March 10.
Milford chronicle., 1937-03-26
A MEDIEVAL SYSTEM

Are we going to establish In this
country a medieval system under
which a man is not allowed to enter
a business IL his prospective COM
petitors are too soft or too numerous
to stand his competition?" asks Busi-
ness Week. THAT seems to be what
some of our price-fixing laws are
leading up to.
Business Week then cites a law
in a Middle-We5tern state under
which all car dealers are licensed
and, If they make what state officials
consider excessive trade-in allow
ances. may be denied renewal of
their licenses, which amounts to
forcing them out OF business. Under
such a system, a business can be-
come 100 per cent politically con
trolled"-no man can enter 1t with
out political pull and approval. The
magazine adds: "If this is good for
auto dealers. what about clothing
stores and retail grOcers and maga-
zine publishers? What business will
your son be able to enter? Your own
business and no other? Are we to
become a nation of hereditary
castes?"
Many other kinds OF laws attempt
to fix prices, change the law OF sup
ply and demand, or interfere with
free and legitimate competition.
Thus, according to a summary made
by the Institute of Distribution, more
than 300 bills affecting retailers were
in state legislatures in
Milford chronicle., 1937-03-26
LIFE INSURANCE REPAYS RFC

Speaking generally. insurance
companies today enjoy the soundest
financial position in our history"
said Secretary of Commerce Roper
recently
One fact cited by Mr.. Roper pro-
vides dramatic evidence of this.
From February. 1892. through De-
cember. 1896, the Reconstruction FL
nance Corporation loaned Si3.000.000
to life insurance companies. OF this
vast sum. all but $2.000000 has been
repaid. No better illustration of the
soundncss, the efficiency and the
ability of life insurance to meet
CHANGING conditions. could be given.
The sound actuarial principles un-
derlying Ms activities, plus good
management. have guided the indus
try safely through the worst econo-
mic storms.
Milford chronicle., 1937-03-26
DEVELOPING MEN
FOR THEIR WORK

The complicated conditions of our
times have been clarified to con-
siderable extent by vocational
schools. Practical instruction and
training is being provided to cover
trades and professions. including
electricity, aviation. photography. the
textiles. chemical industries. cook
ing, accountancy, and management.
The outstanding leadership in de-
veloping men for work is found in
the plans announced for the fifth an
nual summer session for teachers of
automotive mechanics in high
schools and colleges at the General
Motors Institute, and applications for
enrolment or information are being
furnished by the registrar of the in
stitute at Flint. Michigan.
The courses have attracted scores
of teachers from all parts Of the
country who have returned to their
homes to initiate instructions cover
ing the broad ranges of car specifi
cations and adjustments, shop meth
DDS and procedure, service operations