davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-24

bdger, licagl [ oill,
 In tn
Evening star., 1937-06-16
Labor Democracy's Sham
Coercion Over Minorities in Workers Struggle
Needs Action by Congress-

be coerced into doing even what Is
good for them.
Technique Of Trotzky.
Leon Trotzky, who is the greatest
living strategist OF revolutionary war
fare, thought this technique out and
put it into operation during the Rus
sian Revolution. He had a most in
teresting conflict Of ideas with Lenin
on the subject. Lenin felt that it WAS
extremely important to have the broad
masses of the workers with any revo-
lutionary movement.
Having paralyzed the plant, the
c. I. o. then proceeds to terrorize
the public. In the hotel strike in
Detroit, for instance. the people who
suffered were not, in the first line,
the employers, but the customers.
Terrorization having exacerbated
the workers and the public and being
costly in the extreme, especially to
the workers, who at all costs want
to keep their jobs and earn their
livings, plebiscite is finally held 1t
is a terroristic plebiscite, and, from
the viewpoint of the democratic
method, not worth anything at all
Public Interprets Acts.
Now-and this Is very important
for organized labor-the public feels
that this is all sham, and has moth
ing to do with workers rights or in
dustrial democracy. The public does
not see the ends; it does observe
the means. And the publicly the
public l mean just the ordinary
citizen who has not yet been drawn
into the class struggle, and who has
very great resistance against being
drawn into it-has very sound
hunch that the means are exactly as
important as the ends The public
thinks that in the long run the means
interpret the end.
In this situation the people Of the
United States are not helpless. The
Congress of the United States is not
helpless And it is inconceivable that
Congress welcomes the present state
of affairs. VigilanCes are being
armed-one Of the most dangerous
procedures which any democracy can
take-and their aim is not, and will
not be, to enforce the law, even If the
law were clear enough to be enforced,
but it will be to fight the strikers.
The organization of civil war by the
legal authorities is the breakdown OF
law altogether.
Congress Must Act.
Therefore, the Congress must take
hold Of the labor relations act and
make it mean something 1t must
define what are fair practices for en-
ployers and what are fair practices
for unions; what constitutes peaceful
picketing and what does not; what
procedures must be taken before a
strike is called, and when and how
elections shall be held.
Otherwise, let US have done with
all this fake stuff about democracy.
Terroristic plebiscites are not democ-
racy. They are the use of a demo-
cratic instrument to establish an au-
tocracy We have not lived through
fifteen years Of recent history with
out being able to recognize them for
what they are
Evening star., 1937-06-16

trial democracy, like any other form
of democracy, depends upon action
freely taken, not action taken under
coercion. 1t provides for the protec-
ton of minorities. 1t sets standards
by which the majority are permitted
to rule and the minority are per-
mitted to exist.
1t establishes a legal technique for
aScertaining that majority. II there
is no fair and disinterested applica-
ton of rules, then the rules are
established and maintained by force
The establishing and maintaining OF
rule by force is definition OF war
And at present We are engaged in a
civil war, and unless the struggle !:
returned to the arena Of law, that
civil war will extend itself into a
class struggle which may destroy the
American democracy.
The administration has apparently
adopted the policy that the Wagner
labor relations act is sacrosanct
Because it is highly ambiguous and
capable of being interpreted one way
by Mr.. Girdler and another way by
Mr.. Lewis, extremists have developed
at both ends whose object is tc
apply whatever Interpretation of the
law suits their particular interests.
Elections Languish.
The law suggests that majority for
collective bargaining should be deter
mined by free election under neutral
auspices. But it does not insist on
such elections, nor explain how
and when they should be held. There
fore neither side will invoke the act
unless it is sure Of a majority And
even then, if it is invoked, and an
election held, there is no confidence
that the auspices will be neutral
The Labor Relations Board lays
down in its first annual report its own
Interpretation of the act-that it Is
exclusively an act to protect the
workers in their right to organize, and
that it is not applicable as protection
for employers. In practice this means
that carte blanche is given the c. I. O.
to coerce the workers into joining their
union. Maybe they ought to join the
union; maybe it is to their benefit to
join it. But there is nothing in democ-
racy that says that people ought to
Evening star., 1937-06-16

n JEW YORK, June 16.--The IS.
nj 10000 Mexican estate of Will
liam o. jenkins, former United
States consular agent at Pu-
ebla, will go into the hopper with
the great home-owned haciendas, as
the Mexican government presses
forward with its new agrarian policies.
The land will go to the peasants Of
about so villages. They have COM
planned Jenkins was paying wages
below the legal minimum.
Jenkins disagreements with sue.
ceeding Mexican governments have
been Of long standing. The Jenkins
kidnapping Of 1919 worried our State
Department considerably, and certain
commercial adventures thought it
might be famed up into a nice little
war, but nothing came Of it, barring
few good newspaper stories. Jenkins,
rich man, with lands and factories,
had a textile mill puebla and
was the powerful business overload
of the region.
On Saturday night. October 9, 1919,
when the mill was running night
shift, jenkins was strollng through
the mill compound, smoking his pipe,
at peace with the world. Three polite
bandits, masked with red handker-
chiefs, rode into the yard.
Jenkins Goes With Bandits.
Jenkins, muscular and powerful a
former Vanderbilt University foot bal
player, was a good rough and tumble
fighter, but the bandits had guns, so
he mounted the horse they haC
thoughtfully provided and went along
hiding IN caves, galloping at night,
fetching up in a remote mountain
wilderness, where his hosts, with the
utmost tact, suggested that a trife Of
sl50,000 would amply repay them
for their trouble
The real trouble started when the
Puebla government put Jenkins in Jail,
charging he had framed the kidnap-
ing to make an issue and bring about
the overthrow of the CarranZa gov
ernment by American intervention.
That made quite a stir, this size of the
Rio Grande, and the case was a prom
ising apple Of Giscord for those who
wanted to see trouble develop.
"War of Jenkins Ear"
A reference to the War of Jenkins
Ear" might fit in here, apropos OF the
provocative name of Jenkins in inter-
national history. Nearly 200 years ago
one Robert Jenkins, a mariner, arrived
at the British court with his ear in
his pocket. He said the Spaniards
had boarded his ship, cut off his ear
| and ordered him to hand it to his King
which he did. The war started in
1899. Bells were pealing and crowds
we're cheering as the soldiers marched
away. They may ring the bells
now said Sir Robert Walpole, "but
before long they will be wringing their
hands" SO it happened as the British
got a good trouncing at Cartagena
| When it was all over, it was learned
| that jenkins ear had been cut off in
the stocks, and that he had been hired
to use it to start war.
| (COpyTight. 1877
Evening star., 1937-06-16
STUDENTS GIVE OPINION
ON COURT IN EXAMS

Future Citizens Asked to Discuss
Importance of Judiciary in
U. S. System.
By the Associated Press.
ALBANY, N. Y, June 16.-Severa
hundred thousand of New York States
future voters recorded yesterday ir
black and white their opinions of the
United States Supreme Court.
The future citizens took the business
of airing their views seriously, too
for it was all part of the annual re-
gents examinations which began yes
terday in high schools throughout the
State.
The opportunity for comment on
the Supreme Court offered by a ques-
ton instructing American history stu
dents to discuss the importance" of
the tribunal "in our system of gov
ernment"
The required discussion was only
half of the program. however, for after
giving their opinions, the students
were asked to give two recent deci-
sions of the Supreme Court and dis
cuss the Importance of each"
Evening star., 1937-06-16
This Changing World
Spanish War Less Worrisome to France Than
Weakness of Soviet Army.
BY CONSTANTINE BROWN.

b
French cabinet ordinary
49,
But the celebration brought the French leader
Is confronted with and serious problems.
the international Spanish continues
nightmare Frenchmen When things
nobody quite
nationsand of them--iue polcano
splitting might almost
But what
tiles than the Spanish situation
Evening star., 1937-06-16

does not do so.
1t does exactly
the opposite.
AS it is being
interpreted by la
Dor and by the
Labor Relations
Board, it legiti-
matizes terror
ism. The way
the Wagner La
Dor Relations act
is being applied
has nothing to
do with the es-
tabllShment Of
industrial d e =
mocracy. Indus
Evening star., 1937-06-16
BY DOROTHY THOMPSON.

w yE ARE engaged in civil war
~ in Michigan, Indiana and
v v Ohio, because a legal in
strument, supposedly de-
signed to transfer the industrial
struggle from the realm OF violence
and direct action to the realm of law
Evening star., 1937-06-16

from the chief
difficulty Mr. West has. All the routine
has Icke through Administrative
that official
administration
Mr. has to
of the international
Chamber Commerce dropped for visit at the White House the other
n 0 Exposition
Mr.
required
rpe-A checks to farmers w P A. checks
mutiarous
that mail
drivers reaction the
interference with the mails by strikers.
Evening star., 1937-06-16

Roosevelt serves to emphasize that
a taxpayer ought to be able to escape
taxes if he gives all his income to
charity, every charitable institution,
university, hospital and community
chest in the country would rejoice.
Perhaps Mrs. Roosevelt's interpreta-
ton of the law will lead to an amend
ment by the Bureau of Internal Reve-
nue. of the rules that apply to other
taxpayers who do not enjoy the pres
tige and prominence in official life
that is enjoyed by member of the
Presidents own family.
(Copyright. 1877
Evening star., 1937-06-16


not the fact
secrets OF their conand implication those Franwhh worries
the Paris authorities That could easily remeded Furthermore
tary these days they
closure Of the weakness
The old Czarit hailed the early 1914
roller Would
amn roller incapable crushing ordinary
changed
lied the
soldiers.
The has OF
leaders ability
any armybe German Japanese Leon Blum
questioned the
politically miitariy
His Communist
to rush to the u S. Rs Blum principles
not let down his country
in disastrous
The economic and financial situation equally
France had join the decided
to embark while Bull
still plenty little
dowry she had gotten squandered
governments
In order the expenditures
the French secretary additional
retenue $500 900 900 according s2O00O0
900 according to the figures OF the opposition.
The German the Italian holders
Musohni
tightening their belts whenever exports
and production strictly controlled by the government
In the democratic nation where Parliament still has something
otOp hnr
Evening star., 1937-06-16

enjoy the ad-
vantage W h i C h
MIS-. Roosevelt
has, for O t h e +
taxpayers m u S t
n 1t onl ly pay
t a x IS on every
penny they re-
eive, but on
every penny they
earn.
Mrs. Roosevelt
has told the pub
lie that all of the
income she earns
by speaking over
the radio goes to
nlnaritr To rl1r IN
Evening star., 1937-06-16

Russian Army by the execution OF
field marshals and generals. The
late Marshal Tukhatchevsky had
visited Paris last year and was
taken into the confidence of the
general staff to establish a CO.
ordination between the two armies
in the event of an international
confiagration. Nothing was kept
secret by the French general staff
from that high-ranking Russian
oficer, who year later was placed
Evening star., 1937-06-16

of
he Uade lot
with the bill
high that he needs
is
of
On
to looking the
the horned toads his
departing
considerable
resolution he named committee of
relief
they Mr. Hopkins Only could classified
Hatch
Carolina the chairman
of Dakota
Pennsylvania.
Evening star., 1937-06-16

HE opinions OF the 1Uriters this page
necessarly The Stars Such opinions presented IN
The Stars effort to giue all sides OF questions OF interest to its
readers although such opinions contradictory
themselves and directly opposed to The Stars.
Evening star., 1937-06-16
What's Back of 1t All
Robinson Vetoes 9o-Day Vacation Plan Suggested
by President to Win Support.
BY H. r. BAUKHAGI

NEW White
n Hill has a sudden and unexpected
~ Ma
Robinson suggested recess for
The let the investigation the heat
private
cooling PALM might be
deck
But Robinson,
Evening star., 1937-06-16

are about due again. One of the
hardest working of the New Deals
workhorses, Mr.. Ickes is i'll. From
his sick bed at Naval Hospital he
is carrying on business, which
isn't helping his recovery.
Charlie West, Undersecretary
Of the Interior and likewise ace
liaison man between the White
House and Congress, has been try
ing to run the multifold depart
ment, But he is having a tough
Evening star., 1937-06-16
Mrs. Roosevelt
and Tax on
Charity
Law Bars Transfer of
Income" Without
Paying Levy.
BY DAVID LAWRENCE.

u II RS. FRANKLIN D. ROOSE-
M WELT discussed with the
VI newspaper correspondents a
L day or so ago her income tax
returns, and said:
"On every penny of income I have
received I've paid my full tax"
Unfortunately, no other taxpayers
Evening star., 1937-06-16

Norman injected mo- of his
own.
1t just couldn't be risked, he
said. If the boys ever had a chance
to get back to the grass roots,
heaven knows when they could be
rounded up.
And so, the court bill, Govern
ment reorganization, relief and
kindred matters will probably be
droned out on the floors of both
our Houses, if it takes all Summer.
IT.. 10 yofi |,
Evening star., 1937-06-16


The thing applies to France is dcu for the French
have the present Parliament.
looking and left find the additional
expenditure
another financial France. This
be
Evening star., 1937-06-16

Say apOut expenditures, tNe repre-
sentatives Of the nation are gen.
orally raising merry Cain when a
secretary of the treasury comes
with some sort of bill which taxes
the principal sources of wealth of
the country. Thus Neville Cham
berlain had to withdraw gracefully
his project Of putting a substantial
tax on the surplus industrial profits.
These are increasing by leaps and
bounds as the empire proceeds to
Evening star., 1937-06-16
Headline Folk
and What
They Do
S5,000,0 900 Jenkins Es.
tate Becomes Part of
Mexico Land Policy.
BY LEMUEL F. PARTON,

EW YORK. June 16.--The S..
100000 Mexican estate of Will
liam o. Jenkins, former United
Evening star., 1937-09-27
LABOR DEMOCRACY
CALLED c. |. 0. AIM
Lewis Says Group Wants to
Avoid Conditions Which
Caused Depression.
n the Associated Press.

PRINCETON, N. j., September 81.
The Committee for Industrial
Organization, says c. I. o. Chief John
L. Lewis, lis in reality a widespread,
Evening star., 1937-09-27

biologists. collectors. dealers and zoe
enthusiasts. Many we're old friends
and. others merely shared mutual
interest.
Photographer Gets a Scare.
Tall stories about strange happenings
in the four quarters of the world went
around the table in the Mann cabin.
while a noiseless Chinese boy passed
refreshments and tobacco The con-
versation ranged from the price of
tortoises in the Galapagos to the
morals of Batak rajahS of Sumatra.
The talk usually got back in the end.
however. to the prohibitions placed on
collectors by the worlds petty poten-
tates, office autocrats and regulation
makers. There are permits to be
obtained, forms to fill out, fees to
pay and endless wrangles with immi-
grafton inspectors, plant and animal
quarantine agents, customs men, local
politicians port authorities, ETC.
Every group of visitors had to be
taken on personal tour of the boat
by DR.. Mann, who never seemed to
tire of showing off his favorites One
Of these. Wrestler. the young orangu-
tan, insists on shaking hands with
the guests. The other day a pho
tographer, who had never met Wrest-
Ter, got the fright of his life when he
strolled by the apes cage in the dim
hold
~.
swapping a bird. Suddenly a long
hairy arm darted from the crate and
the cameraman felt his ankle fixed
Evening star., 1937-09-27
LEWIS DENOUNCED
BY RIVAL UN|0N|ST
c. !. 0. Tactics May Lead to
Laws 'Handicapping'
Labor, Frey Says.
BS the Associated Press.

BS the Associated Press.
DENVER, September 27.-John p
Frey, president of the American Fed
Grafton OF LAbor's metal trades divi-
sion, predicted here today that "tac-
tics applied by the C. 1. O." soon will
lead to a campaign by anti-union en-
ployers for legislation to handicap
trade unions.
In a speech opening his depart
ment's annual convention, a prelm-
mary to the A. F. L. conclave to open
here next Monday, Frey warned that:
Employers who are opposed to trade
unionism and collective bargaining
and there are still many of them-will
endeavor to secure legislation placing
unfair and unjustified handicaps upon
U.s."
Stimulus for Legislation.
Without mentioning sit-down strikes
or political contributions in so many
words, Frey declared that ''the stimu-
lus for such legislation has come from
the methods and tactics applied by
the c. I. o." OF which John I Lewis
Is the head.
However, Frey continued, there are
those who, moved by entirely differ
ent considerations are in favor
OF legislative regulation and recon-
struction of the trade union movement
as part Of a planned national econ
omy. They, too, will seek legislative
ways through which to curb our activi-
ties and interfere with the form and
structure OF organization built up
under the A. F. of L.
Those who seek such legislation
will have the active support of the
self-anointed halo wearers who, with
Evening star., 1937-09-27

In the current issue of the Public
Opinion Quarterly of Princeton Uni
versity, said labor was convinced it
must have strength in the economic
as we'll as the political field for use
without reserve, if necessary, in the
great battle for humanity and genuine
democracy"
THE great majority of industrial
workers of today" he wrote, find
that political freedom without in
dustrial democracy is meaningless"
"A critical attitude toward capital
ism and the depression which brought
1t on, together with labor's pitifully
no logical improvement" he said. have
brought the masses to the realization
that political democracy in America
to be effective, must be extended to
Include sound measures and guaran-
tees of industrial democracy"
The real significance" of the pres
ent-day labor movement, Lewis wrote
lay in its aims to eliminate past So
cial and economic injustices Or "ac-
tually to attain economic well-being
freedom for themselves in their own
day and generation"
Lewis declared there must be new
economic and social controls and OBJ
Jectives established in America and
constructive reforms must be worked
out in accordance with American
precedents and ideals
National industrial unions. includ-
ing all employees of each industry. he
said, afford the only effective means
for the organization Of labor in the
United States.
Evening star., 1937-09-27
Zoo
tCOntlnued From First Page !


because stores of fresh provisions were
short and the distance to the mex,
port was long. Many of the more del
icate specimens have complicated diets
OF variety of foods sometimes un-
obtainable at -the-way ports
Capt. H. Rowe and his fellow officers
OF the Silverash have lent every pos
sible assistance. They risked injury
in gale to secure the four big giraffe
crates on deck when they began to
shift, and they catered to the needs
OF the demanding cargo with patience
and ingenuity. Still, all hands were
ready to heave a great sigh of relief
at making the home port.
The decks of the Silverash were
vivid with color and motion as the big
freighter sailed down the North
American Coast or lay in port at
Halifax and Boston under clear Sep
temher skies.
The final lap of the voyage was IA
vored by nearly perfect weather.
In port, groups of spectators came
aboard to see the strange animals
They hurried from cage to cage while
winches whined, stevedores swore and
the cargo went over the side.
Hemp in bales, rubber in metal
bound boxes, untanned hides in great
bundles and other products of distant
ports were dumped on the wharf from
the cargo nets.
There was a babble of many tongues
on deck-Chinese, Malay. East In
dian dialects. The number one boy
Of the Chinese contingent of the crew
directed his coolies with an air of
lordly disdain. He was dressed in black
silk pajama trousers, bright cum
merbund, embroidered shirt and san
dals.
Others of the native ere were hav-
Ing their rice and curry in their quar-
ters forward, squatting on their heels
about a mutual dish with their chor
sticks flying. The natives were shipped
at Chinese ports and are not allowed
to 90 ashore.
Ships officers watch them as closely
Is immigration inspectors, for if one
is missing the steamship company
Is fined $1,000
On the top deck Mr.. and Mrs
Mann received visitors in the living
room of their suite adjoining the cap
tain's.
In Halifax, the American Consul
and his wife and various officers from
ships in the harbor came aboard The
returning explorers were asked to tel
their story over and over again. MOI
that they minded, for it had beer
long since they had an audience.
In Boston Saturday the MSnns were
greeted by several returning explorers
some of whom we're just back from,
the East Indies, various ornithologlsis
Evening star., 1937-09-27

The National Geographic Smithsonian
institution collection, due to leave New
York today for the Washington Zoo
follows:
Cats.
black leopards. a gift from the
Crown Prince of Johore.
clouded opard
l adult tiger.
! tiger cub.
leopard cats.
Ruminants and Swine.
tapirs.
2 African buffaloes.
giraffes.
blue sheep.
S deer (including three tiny, delicate
mouse-deer with legs little larger
than pencils).
2 gaur (Asiatic wild cattle).
2 pygmy buffaloes (anoas).
/ babirusa tpig).
serow "a 'goat-antelopeo
Miscellaneous Animals:
2 Crag-utans.
gibbons (small apeS).
S Moor monkeys
S lemurs primitive Monkeys.
2 tree kangaroos.
S binturongs tprehensile "bearcats'O
2 hog badgers.
l Sumatran wild dog.
l martin.
/ otter.
S Asiatic porcupines.
! bamboo rat.
Numerous squirrels.
9 civets "a catlike creature).
6 coconut monkeys.
2 lutangs rare leaf-eating monkeys)
2 Himalayan bears presented to the
expedition by Harold Coolge of
the Harvard Primates expedition)
Reptiles:
Komodo dragon" lizard.
8 crested lizards.
20 Monitor lizards.
6 Borneo gavials tcrocodilellke crea-
tures).
13 Chinese slligators.
2 king cobras.
Siamese cobras.
Banded Kraits.
20 vipers.
Turtles.
4 giant pythons.
II blood pythons
! amethystone python very rare).
Birds and Fowls.
Lories "a species OF parrot,
l9 birds of paradise, representing six
species.
II parrots.
8 crowned pigeons.
IL fruit pigeons.
kites.
4 storks.
Evening star., 1937-09-27

out any practical experience in the
relationships OF men to each other,
feel called upon to save the world from
its human Weaknesses" he said.
Links c. 1. o. TO Reds.
Frey yesterday linked the c. I. o.
with COMMUNISTS and accused the
National Labor Relations Board Of
siding with Lewis in organized labor's
big civil war.
Today he reported the federation's 5
metal trades unions we're thriving de-
spite attacks by the c. !. O. Lewis,
he said, is slipping.