davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1937-09-19

est-lived government Of the Third
French Republic.
For three years Tardieu managed to
keep him out of power, but on Novem-
ber 26, 1888, Chautemps became prime
minister again, and his was one of the
historic administrations of contempo-
rary France. The country was suffer-
ing from the repercussions of world
wide economic and financial crises
The Chamber was In an ungracious
mood, and the streets of Paris were
aggressive. Extremist organizations
were preparing to impose their rule
upon the nations representatives.
-Four governments had met defeat in
less than year.
Then the Stavisky scandal broke
it was the cause Of near-revolution,
in which hundreds were killed and
manned, and of a general strike, in
which all France was involved. The
end Of the Third Republic was pre-
dicted, while the agents Of the Third
German Empire and of the Third In
ternational were hard at work
The Stavisky scandal included a
murder which may have been q suicide,
and suicide which may have been
a murder. 1t turned out to be great
mystery story with a political slant,
perverted into device to oust Chau-
temps and his party friends. AS head
OF the government, he was the most
obvious target INSCRIPTIONS oppo-
nents distorted condolences into signs
of governmental conspiracy. Chau-
temps had to resign the premiership.
The villain OF the story was Serge
Alexander Stavisky, who had friend
Evening star., 1937-09-19
Egyptians Newspapers
Of Stone in Antiuuity

CAIRO. - Present-day newspaper
boys may bemoan the work they must
endure, but the lad who carried the
editions In the time Of the ancient
Egyptian Pharaohs could give him
cards and spades and then be far
ahead of his modern namesake. Ba,{
in the days when the Sphinx had a
purpose other than staring bleakly
into space, the up-and-coming news
paper boys carried large tablets of
stone or baked clay on which impor-
tant news had been inscribed.
These tablets, the forerunners of
the modern paper, were made in the
shape of scarab, the sacred beetle of
Egypt, and since stone has a discon-
certing habit Of growing heavier the
longer it is toted, it can readily be seen
that newspaper routes were not long,
and the realing public limited to .
few. Picture the fortunate Egyptian
householder propping up his tablet
just behind and little to the right Of
his coffee, or whatever he drank, and.
slipping and reading, learning Of the
completion of the large artificial lake
of Zarukhe for Queen Tiye, and the
kings success at lion hunting. And,
credit where credit is due, any one who
could both drink his morning bev-
erage and read hieroglyphics deserved
paper of such lasting material.
Evening star., 1937-09-19
VERDICT TO BE RENDERED
ON COURT PLAN in 1893
q Senators Will Come up for Re-Elec.
ton Then, 9 of Whom Favored
and 18 of Whom Opposed Bill.

Each of these a States, In one way
or the other, has It's chance to pass on
the court measure. In each Of these
States the voters will have opportunity
to say whether or not they like the
court measure.
If the Senators who opposed the
court measure, or most of them, are
defeated next year; and If at the same
time the 18 Senator'S who supported
the measure, or most of them, are
returned to the Senate-that outcome
would constitute public verdict OF
approval on the measure.
Contrariwise, If the nine Senators
who opposed the measure, or most
Of them. are returned to the Senate,
and If at the same time the 10 SEN
ators who supported the measure, or
most of them, are defeated-that will
constitute public verdict Of disap-
proval OF the court measure.
have stated the situation ~ sim
ply as it Is possible TO state a situation
that is rather complex omit, at this
time, the distinction between primary
elections and the general election In
November. All the Senators named,
both the 9 and the IS, being all Demo-
/ Gratis, will come up in Democratic pri-
maries next Spring and Summer. In
many cases, large number of cases.
the matter will be decided in the pri-
maries finally. Such Senators as sur
vive the Democratic primaries will
come before all the voters--Democrat
Republican and Independent--in the
general election the following Novem-
Der, 1888.
| (Copyrisht, 1891, New York Yribwns, ync.)
Evening star., 1937-09-19

he defeated the opposition with pre-
cocious sagacity.
The reputation of Chautemps grew.
Like his father, he was extremely
social minded, and few cities had
mayors who were as ardent champions
Of the underprivileged.
Although Partisan by birth, he be-
came an adopted son of Tours. He
married there. In 1919 he became
Deputy from that city. In the Cham
ber his name had familiar ring.
His main interest at first was admin
istrative problems, but gradually he
worked himself up to position where
his words were listened to with atten-
ton when he spoke about the inter-
allied debts, the evacuation of the
Rhineland, the army budget. or the
problems of the colonies. His party
had been wandering in the political
desert for years, but in 1924 it again
took power, and Camille Chautemps
was in the government at the head Of
the interior department.
1t was on February 81, 1880, that
he was called upon to head the ma
tional administration. France had
been experiencing a turbulent spell of
partisanship and strife was ripe be-
tween the Right and Left. His prede-
cessor, Andre Tardieu, was bent upon
regaining power, and organized a
powerful opposition At Z o'clock in
the evening of February rs. Chau-
temps began to read his ministerial
program: he finished it at 7:3o, and
Is minutes later was an ex-Premier,
having been defeated by handful of
votes. This was probably the short
Evening star., 1937-09-19
REBEL RECOGNITION HELD
VIOLATION OF WORLDLAW
Spanish Government Fights Not Only
Civil Strife but Also Armed
Foreign Invasion.

to armed groups In revolt against
their legal authorities with the sup
port of outside powers. This view
conforms not only with the established
canons of international law, but also
with the interests Of legitimate gov
ernments anywhere, which may find
themselves, in the future, in situa-
tions similar to that which confronts
today the Spanish loyalists. With
what right could Uruguay, or the Cen
trail American countries which have
recognized the Franco regime, pro-
test tomorrow against an invasion of
their own territory by foreign troops
under the pretext of helping a band
of insurgents in a domestic strife?
The Colombian and Panamanian
replies, rejecting, as the others, the
Uruguayan proposal, left also the
impression that what had weighed
most in the minds of the South
American statesmen was the presence
of foreign troops which prevented the
Spanish war from being treated as a
purely domestic struggle.
Two P0Wers Help Rebels.
At the beginning Of the revolt there
might have been rumors of outside
help received by both parties, but,
now, it is an undisputable, historical
fact that the rebels have the formal
support of the two European Fascist
powers, which assist them with men
and materials of war, with financial
resources, with diplomatic influences
and, in certain cases, even with their
own regular armed forces. This is
admitted today by the heads of the
Italian and German governments, who
have openly acknowledged their in
terest in the outcome of the strife and
their determination to prevent loyal
ist victory by all means at their dis
posal.
Not only that, but the recent sue
cesses Of the rebel forces in Northern
Spain have been celebrated through
out Italy as Italian victories, and,
as for Germany, Hitler has publicly
confessed that his ultimate interest
is in the minerals and raw materials
of Spain.
There may be evidence, also, of Rus
sian and other aid to the loyalist
cause, but, aside from the fact that
nothing in international law prevents
one legitimate government from pro-
viding another legitimate government
with the means with which to defend
itself, never has that aid assumed the
scandalous proportions of Fascist par
ticipation on the side of the insur-
gents. The mere recognition of the
Franco rebel regime by Italy and
Germany was in disregard of the
standard rules of non-intervention in
the domestic affairs of other coun-
tries, but when the violation of these
rules has come to the point where
poorly concealed war of aggres-
sion is being conducted by two for
eign powers upon the legitimate gov
ernment of third, there is no doubt
whatsoever that any move intended
to benefit the former would neces-
sarily constitute an affront to the
law OF nations. In rejecting the un-
justiflable Uruguayan suggestion. the
governments of the American repub-
lies have recognized this obvious fact
(copyTtsht, 1oS7J
Evening star., 1937-09-19
Market
Continued From First Page.)

blamed for the September break IN
stock prices, as their recent selling
operations here have been Of minor
Importance. Europeans rather are
reported to have been greatly sur
prised and perplexed at the markets
collapse.
The administration naturally Is con-
cerned at any event which affects the
business picture. It's various ofncial
warnings during recent months con-
corning the dangers OF speculation,
and its action in setting up certain
anti-inflationary barriers such as
higher bank reserve requirements.
albeit at some distance ahead OF actual
dangers, indicates its interest In the
economic situation. Oficial Washing
ton for various reasons is very anxious
to avoid repetition Of the excesses
Of the late lo2os, particularly before
1910.
At the Treasury the immediate In
terest In stock trading lies In the
general revenue and business situation
as it may be affected by the stock
market. The Commerce Department
Is watching closely the repercus-
sions on business. The Securities
and Exchange Commission, to which
New York brokerage circles attribute
considerable responsibility in protect
ing the investor, has done much to
reduce the volume of speculation. The
commission Is blamed on various
counts for the reduced stock market
turnover, which condition, it is in turn
maintained, is the cause of wide price
fluctuations. The Federal Reserve
Board Is responsible for present high
(55 per cent? margin requirements,
another effort TO restrict speculation
and therefore another cause Of thin
markets.
Speculation may be restricted BY
Government and Federal Reserve reg
ulations. but 1t Is ever present. Be-
cause the markets have been thin,
with relatively few buyers, "bear
raiders" are said to have had little
difnculty IN driving down prices by
selling short. i.e.. by selling stock
they do not at the moment possess, but
intend to buy in when the price Is
lower. But Chairman Lands, on the
occasion Of his retirement from the
Securities and Exchange Commission,
denied the validity of this theory.
According to him, large volume alone
Is no assurance of stable prices. An
excessive volume of "long" or short"
speculative positions waiting to be
iquidatsd at any time Is unhealthy.
1t is not only manipulative speculation
which runs counter TO public interest.
Liquidity, the Securities and Exchange
Commission holds, IL not measured
merely by volume, and the present
stock market is deemed far more
stable than one with larger speculative
interests.
There has been some misoonception
regarding the purposes Of the Federal
Reserve Boards action on September
IL IN requesting the Treasury to re-
lease ster1lized gold and in announcing
prospective purchases of Government
securities. These steps-it is definitely
asserted-were not designed in any
way as measures to counteract the
stock market decline. Their sole
purpose was to assist the banks during
the usual Autumnal demand for more
currency.
Evening star., 1937-09-19

\A4G OlQ ud oil IOlFlkll
ter could not have chosen a
more untimely opportunity to
side with the Spanish rebels
than when he invited the American
republics, few days ago, to extend
a joint recognition of belligerency to
the insurgent Franco regime.
At the very time that Senor Es-
palter was forwarding his astounding
suggestion, British and French vessels
were being attacked, some of them
sunk, by piratical submarines engaged
in blockading the Mediterranean. The
nationality Of these submarines is an
open secret to any one with the slight
est knowledge of current international
affairs, SO that according belligerent
rights tos the Franco forces, and
thus legalizing such blockade. would
have meant little less than an act of
hostility against Britain, France and
the other great democracies which are
endeavoring to prevent the Spanish
crisis from setting the whole CONT
nent afire.
OF course, even without this cir
cumstance, the mere proposal to ac-
knowledge the belligerency of the
Spanish forces which have revolted.
with the help Of foreign powers.
against their legitimate and popularity
elected government is, in itself. a
violation OF international law and q
challenge to democratic institutions
and TO the peace Of the world. That
may not have been the case IL the
Spanish struggle were no more than a
regular civil war between two equally
divided domestic factions, but, as it
is, the Spanish government is now
flghtlng what amounts to a foreign
invasion OF Spanish soil, and any act
IN support of that thinly disguised
invasion is necessarily a breach of the
law of nations.
London Committee Mentioned,
The reply of the United States
turning down the Uruguayan sugges-
ton made appropriate reference to
the London Nom Intervention Com
mittee, pointing out that it was I'D
10 that body to suggest any new COL
lective moves with regard to the
Spanish situation, and not to the
American republics, far away from
the conflict and avowedly opposed to
armed foreign interference in any
country. The State Department, nat
urally, could not be more explicit
without departing from conventional
diplomatic language, but newspaper
correspondents were frank enough
to recall the recent visit of an Italian
mission headed by Federzoni, Presi-
dent of the italian Senate, to the
capitals of Argentina, Brazil and
Uruguay for alleged educational pur-
poses, and to add that Washington
considered the governments thus
educated" about the merits of the
Franco rebellion the less qualified to
initiate a joint all-American move in
its favor.
The Bolivian and Mexican replies
were even more emphatic. They were
not content with restating the Ameri-
can doctrine OF non-intervention, but
went . step further and denounced
| the idea Of granting belliserent rights
Evening star., 1937-09-19
England Will Rebuild
Cradle of Cricket Game

LONDON.-The Bat and Ball Inn or
Broadhalfpenny Down, Hambledon
often called the cradle of the game
cricket, is to be rebuilt. The game Is
believed to have originated there about
200 years ago, and down the years the
inn has been more closely associated
with cricket than any other building
in Great Britain. The Hambledon
Club, founded there about 1850, was for
many years a national authority on
the game, and it was at Hambledon
that a metal frame was designed for
measuring the size of cricket bats.
Evening star., 1937-09-19
Huge Statue of Christ
Crowns Brazilian Peak

RIO DE JANEIRO.-No one should
visit this city without seeing the huge
monument of Christ the Redeemer.
The statue, which has height of
over 100 feet, was erected on the Cor
covado. highest peak in Rio, by public
subscription. A cogwheel railway
takes 40 minutes to make the trip
TO the summit of the mountain, which
rises 1925 feet, and the view is con-
sidered one of the finest in the world.
Evening star., 1937-09-19
Early Pixies Peak Fire.

In the early days of settlement in
the country our present fire-fiphtinp
methods were unknown and when a
nre started by hunters on Pixies
Peak 1t is said to have burned inter-
mittently for eight months and n
have covered many thousands of
acres, although there were several
times during this period when a small
crew Of men could have extin.
guished II.
Evening star., 1937-09-19
England's Movie Coach
Enters Its Third Year

LONDON.-Not all the innovations
In railroad travel come from the United
States. The first permanent railway
movie" coach in England is now en-
tering its third year introduced in
May, 1895, on the Kings Cross-Leeds
service, the movies have been shown
six times day, to an estimated $4,000
people in the last two years. Each pro-
gram is an hour long and sound pic
lures are used, outside noises being ex-
cluded by the insulation of the coach.
The original movie" coach was SO
successful that second one was put
into service last year.
Evening star., 1937-09-19
All Taxis in Istanbul
Must Be Painted Green

ATHENS.-All taxis in Istanbul,
formerly Constantinople. must now be
painted green, according to the Amer
ican Express Travel Service. Any taxi
painted in other colors is now being
ordered on the street. and the nsw
system has considerably silnpltded
matters for patterns Of the vehicles.
Evening star., 1937-09-19

Language Courses for Employees.
The Swedish state and private rail-
ways give language courses for their
employees. Courses which last 10
months are given n Enslish end
German.
Evening star., 1937-09-19


When Japan has complete control
over that section of China, the jap
anese industrialists intend to encoIr
age an intensive culture of important
raw materials which. until now. had
10 be purchased in the United States
India and Egypt.
japanese branch factories will be es-
eanlished there. Independent of the
world cotton markets and with chean
local labor, they will be able to kill anv
competition from the Lancashire
cotton mills. This would mean the
destruction of the whole British cotton
industry. It's immediate repercussion
VIII be that with the loss of the jan
anese and British markets our cotton
price VIII tumble and either the Gov
ernment will have to support an i'm
portant section Of our population or
lace real trouble in the South.
This is not ghost or a phantom
put stark reality which has worried
our Government since Japan took over
Mancnukuo six years ago.
Besides this very real danger TO ths
well-being of an important section q,
the United States, with all its in
eutaole repercussions on the rest O.
the country, the White House and the
state Department see moral angle
IN the Far Eastern situation which
permitted to continue. would throw
the Wnoie world into an upheaval L
IS Wnst is generally termed diplomatic
eanesterism. That is to say, tn.
determination of well-armed. desper.
ate nations to take what they wan
wherever they want by force OF arms
wnne, thanks to our geographical
pos'tsoo and the independence Con
eress has granted the Philippines, VI
Evening star., 1937-09-19

cock, South Dakota, McAdOO, Cali
fornia; McGill, Kansas; Pepper
Florida; Pope, Idaho; Reynolds, North
Carolina; Thomas, Oklahoma; Thom-
as, Utah, and Wagner, New York
For clarity repeat: Those ID are
the Democratic Senators who sup
ported Mr.. Roosevelt's court measure
and who come up for denomination
and reelection next year.
These two lists have been made up
with care. think they are accurate
1t is not easy to say as to each and
every Senator whether he was for OF
against the court measure. There
was never any roll call in the Senate
directly on the measure, neither on
the original measure nor on the sub
stitute one. But all except few
Senators took positions one way on
another. The Senator'S who were on
the Senate Judiciary Committee took
direct position because the measure
was before that committee and the
committee voted on it.
Public Ruling Seen.
Other Senators took positions in
other ways Some made radio
speeches. For example, Senator Carter
Glass of Virginia made a speech
against the measure, Senator La Fol-
lette of Wisconsin made one in favor
Of the measure. Other Senator's made
public announcements of their posi-
tions. Some Senators made speeches
in the Senate. For example, Senator
O'Mahoney of Wyoming and Bailey of
North Carolina made speeches against
the proposal, while Senator Guffey of
Pennsylvania made = speech In favor
of it.
1t Is from this kind Of evidence and
from other commitments, made In
other ways, that the two lists given
here are made up. The lists are con-
fined to those Senators who come
before the public next year; Senators
who come up In 1910 or 1912 are
omitted. I think no error has been
made in assigning Senators to the two
lists. If there is an error, the Sena-
tors to whom injustice is done will,
I hope, give me opportunity to correct
It,
The action Of the electorates Of ~
States on those ~ Senator'S will con-
stitute the formal public verdict on
Mr.. Roosevelt's court measure. Voters
who like the court measure will vote
In favor Of Senators who supported
1t. Voters who do not like the court
measure win vote for Senators who
opposed +.
Evening star., 1937-09-19
BY GASTON NERVAL.

.HE Uruguayan Foreign Minis
ter could not have chosen a
more untimely opportunity to
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-11-20

c. Does the Catholic Church teach that rebellion Is justifi- able?
 A. Catholic authorities teach that under certain circuln. stances, citizens may rebel against the government. How ever, when conditions which justify Q rebellion are present, according to Catholic authori- ties, the government has ceased to be Q just and orderly gov- ernment, and is, in fact, tyr- amy.
 Thus St. Thomas Aquinas, in the Summa Theological (II, IT., Gu. XIII, 9 teaches, "A tyr- annical regime is never just, because 1t is ordained, not to the good of the people, but to that of the ruler himself. And therefore, to distrub a regime of that kind is not sedition."
 A summation of Catholic opinion on the JuSClncatlOn oI rebellion is to be found in a standard Catholic treatise, "The Science of Ethics" by Rev. Mich ael Cronin, M. A. The summa- ton is as follows:
 Resistance is lawful CD when a government has become sub- stantially and habitually tyrin- nical, and that is when it has lost sight of the common good, and pursues its own selfish Ob- jects to the manifest detriment of the subjects. especially where their religious interests are con- cerned:
 (N when all legal and pacific means have been tried In vain to recall the ruler to his sense of duty;
 (N when there is a reasonable probability that resistance will bc successful and not entail greater evils than t seeks to re- move;
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-11-20
Congregational
FIRST CHURCH
Sunday Services


 Morning service at Il o'clock. Sor- mon by Rev. Dr. James Fl. Gregg: "Thc one Hope of the World.
 3 D. n.-Meeting of the Water- bury Youth Council.
 6 D. rl.--At the meeting of the Chrismon society Dr, Gregg will show his moving pictures Of Russ sia, and will speak on the develop tnents in that country during the last four years.
 The Every Member Canvass for the budget for 1888 will be taken during the afternoon and coming week. Roger s. Makepeace Is the chairman of the canvass.
 Notices for the Week
 Monday, 1 D. nl.--Junlor choir rec hearsal; 7:30 D. fn.-The Ellen J. Whiton Book club will meet with Mrs. David Babson, b8 Melbourne terrace; 7-0 D. if.--dirl Scout lead- CTS training course Tn scout house.
 Wednesday. 10 q. i1.-An extra meeting of tho Women's Guild to work for the sale to Dc given on Dec. g. Coffee will be served to those who wish to stay for lunch !; 1 D. in.-Cub pack No. 2.
 Thursday, 0;30 a. fn,-The union Thanksgiving service will be held in this church. The preacher will bc Rev. Alan M. Fairbank Of the Bunker HI church, and the Rev. McsSrs. Gaines, Bobilin and Walker will take part in the service. The offering will be for the Lincoln House.