davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1937-06-19

Local brokerage houses, mem
begs of the Association of Stock
Exchange Firms, have received
word OF the proposed formation
of a senior margin clerks section
with its principal objective to as
sist in clarifying Securities and
Exchange Commission and Fed
eral margin rules and regulations.
It is the consensus of many mar
gin men, according to a letter sent
to members of the association, that
there is a pressing need to pro-
vide some means for their getting
together to discuss their common
problems with various qualified in
dividuals.
The letter announcing the pro-
posed organization states:
with the inception Of the
SEC and Federal margin regu-
latiOns, the business of properly
and completely complying with
all of the new Stock Exchange
and Federal rules has become a
very complex one.
Questions arise constantly
during the course of the day. In
quiry must frequently be made
of the proper authorities for rul-
ing. 1t is our intention in no
way to act as a ruling body, but
merely to assist in clarifying the
rules"
1t was said yesterday that much
Of the work of organizing the sec
ton has already been done and
that bylaws have been prepared
The Washington times., 1937-06-19
MAKER
SIGNS PACT

The Diamond T Motor Car
Company, which is now in sixth
place among truck manufacturers
of the country, has signed an
agreement covering wages. hours
and workin gconditions with the
Automotive workers Industrial
Union, which includes SO per cent
of the employees, according to an
announcement made by c. A. Tilt,
president of the company. The
agreement was voted upon, and as
a result, unanimously adopted by
the members of the union.
The union had been formed vol
unfairly and independently sew
eral months earlier and has no
affiliation with any other organi-
cation. R. c. Cahill, president;
D. j. Fallon, vice president, and
E. B. Winston, treasurer, headed
the union committee during the
negotiations, and the management
was represented by C. A. Tilt.
president of the company, and
C. A. Pierce, vice president IN
charge of production.
The contract runs for a period
of six months. An unusual fea-
ture, said Mr.. Tilt, is that it obi
gates both the company and the
workers, in the words of the con-
tract, ito promote harmony be-
tween employe and employer and
efficiency and improvement in
the manufacture of the com
pany'S product" and bonds both
employees and the company not
to interrupt production during the
life Of the contract. The com
pany has never experienced labor
trouble during its 80 years Of
operation.
The Washington times., 1937-06-19
Boston Wool Market

BOSTON, June 1s I'm SN.-The weeks
trade in wool was not quite as active as
during the previous week. Prices were
firmer on fleeces and mostly steady on
Western grown woods.
Spot purchases were moderate in vol
une and for immediate needs. Fair
amounts Of Western grown fine woods
were reported being bought in the coun-
try on orders from users anticipating
requirements.
CombinE Ohio fIeeces had little de-
m and in Boston at 40 q 42c IN the grease
for fine delaine, at 42643c for staple
combing length ia-hlood. at 43a44c for
q blood. and at 42642c for 4 blood.
The Washington times., 1937-06-19
Chicago Produce

CHICAGO. June 1s G.HsD.-Butter-
21.720 tubs: steady: old cars. Z: new. IL;
extras soc; standards. 29c: extra firsts
2s@2shc; firsts, 27la 2sAc; specials
SOia 6S1c.
Eggs-17791 cases: firm: old cars is
new. Is. Current receipts. 1S%C: fresh
extra firsts, less than cars. 1870: cars
2oc fresh firsts. less than cars. 19c
cars, 1S%c; dirties, lsc; checks. lie
Cheese Twins. 15% 016c, prints,
Daisies and Longhorns, 1914 d16iac.
Live Poultry-Steady: turkeys. 1870
15e hens. l3@17c; Leghorn hens 100
12c; ROSTERS. 129ISc; ducks. sa12i7c;
geese Ease,
The Washington times., 1937-06-19
Chicago Livestock

. 500; steady. Holdovers. 500; top. &l1.55 {:
bulk. 50 SOdII.5 so; heavy &14011.50:
medium. $1l,25611.5O: light 10000
11.5O; light lights. S1O15@11.15; packing
sows. $500 1850; pigs S7.5O91o.7O.
Beef Steers: Good and choice. S13.50@
1850: common and medium. $7.5O@12. SO (;
yearlings S6.5O612.75. Butcher Cattle:
Heifers, &6@1S.5O; sows. $4@1O: bulls.
$5.5O9S.5O: calves, $75O610.O0: feeder
steers. 81 5O0 1890: stocker steers. IS 50
6s5O: stocker cows and heifers, IS O
$50.
Sheep, 900: steady. Lambs, S11.50 q
12.25: common. &Sd11: yearlinRs. $40
1885, feeders. 500; ewes, S264.50.
The Washington times., 1937-06-19


hours shortened there will be less product man per day
Then the will less and he can't buy SO much
Less products can be sold Employment will be reduced
The general principle that must be limited by the
productivity of labor They must be earned
The less work done, the less the productivity
The less the productivity, the less the wages earned
The less the wages the less the income spend
The less the spending of earned income the less production
and the less employment.
There only general condition under which short hours
may increase employment namely hours have previously been
long reduce the productive efficiency of labor
And there is only condition under which labor get
larger total real in without earning them by in
creased productivity that by Selling income earned by
ta enterprise But then business Will Sutte ana uneo
ment grow.
San Antona Tex reader asks "Can it be said that $50
is artificial price and that $2O67 natural or
cost price? Aren't both equally arbitrary"
Answer-To call the $35 price of gold artificial is msead
ing Other prces of gold would be artificial too if fixed by
government for its sole
The point that this gold price is not market price at all
1t merely the Governments idea to what 1t wants to pay
and the pay is in its paper!
Put another way, that the Government says
there only 1879 grains of gold gold dollar 1t used to
say that there 1922 grains
There however, this much in the artiflclal idea Now
we can't get gold dollars The Government won't let US
have any, There aren't any But formerly, when the price
$2067 (and there 1922 grains OF gold in
gold dolar the relationship between dollars and gold
dollars real one The two were interchangeable
SIN your monetary theories, do you not make gold sort
of fetish?"
Answer-Certainy not attribute magical powers to
gold 1t simply happens to be the substance which has
be regarded the best of measuring economic
values 1t is easily recognized convenient durable and stable
in value. It is by-product like silver.
If there other substance that would do WELL
could take the place of gold.
The point is that any medium of exchange must as
measure of value, and if to value must
have standard. Much must have standard yard
stick distances must have standard money
unit values.
But be Standard" thing must be generally recognized
and acceptable. And it actually determine the value
of the money unit (doar) so that it will always be par"
New York asks care French francs redeemabe in gold
Answer-No France is off the gold Standard the result
of political troubles and public debt similar to own
The Washington times., 1937-06-19
Naval Stores

NEW YORK. June 10 U.N.s).-Pe-
troleum quiet: crude Pennsylvania, S2.52
d2s2; Buckeye, S2.37; Corning, S1.42.
Linseed oil. per ID, lie. carlots,
Turpentine steady, sec.
Rosin easy; common. s.o7A.
The Washington times., 1937-06-19

goes with the initiation of currency.
From New York city comes the following
question: "Nr. John l.. Lewis says that the
Black Connery bill would make work for more
men bv reducing hours. Is this true?"
Answer-You can figure that out for your
self Clearly if the same product per man
Der day exists because the man works harder
in shorter day. he may earn the same wages
The product may also sell for the same price.
Then there will be as much of it bought as
before. and the same number of men will be
employed.
n. ,.nrE hnnnllSn the
The Washington times., 1937-06-19
AYTX% Labor and Money Kin Because
IA "A ~ II, Y Attempt to Initiate Wages Goes
IA IA - n With Initiation of Currency.
By LEWIS HANEY
Professor of Economics, New York University

It is quite evident my mail that two big questions
in most peoples minds labor The other money
the initiate
The Washington times., 1937-06-19

Preferred yearly with sxcoetOns Indicated
(a Optional stock cash. OBJ Extra stock (sD Lqui.
dating dividend (f (S) Paid
in 1895 CHI includes participating dividend (rl or
payable this (t Also 81 tive (ww
warrants (xw) without (e1 dividend az he
The Washington times., 1937-06-19

Volume This Year
22S,74S,S1S Shares
The Washington times., 1937-06-19
r%s9==, NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE CLOSING PRICES
Volume Yesterday
$4,000 Shares

I'LL Name and Net
High Dividend High Low Close Chge
The Washington times., 1937-06-19
Todays AVERAGES

NEW YORK, June 10 UN.S.).-TO-
days hourly DOw-JOnes averages follow:
n 40 Indna. 30 RaiIn | 90 ItiI
The Washington times., 1937-06-19
Name and
Dividend Rate

Name and Net
Low Dividend Rate High Low Close Chgel
liz Duplan silk Of 49,. ll419 ll414 ll415+ 3
49, Dupont dc N CAD. 1895 1874 lS3
The Washington times., 1937-10-02

compromises Dith the solemn
commandments of the Koran,
the Mohammedan Bible, the
Sultans never recorded it in
their history and it has re.
manned the mystery of the ages,
penetrated only By a handful of
rare GdDenturerS 1Uho at one
time or another Uere lucky
enough to glimpse a bit of the
great palace grounds or peek
into the hGrenI courtyard and
Nve to tell the tale. That Is, up
to the recent thorough t1Spec.
ton By Mr.. Penser of the NON
abandoned serGglio grounds, in
cluding the Snnermost sane.
tunls of the hGrenI and the SUI
tGn'S bedchGmber.
But the eyewitness accounts
of some of these early OisitorS
are Deu worth Tetelliug, because
these individuals alone haze
painted direct from life a fen
sure brush strokes upon the rare
cGnUGS OF the intimate HveS of
the SultGns that Is presently to
be urtolded before you.
The Washington times., 1937-10-02
Custom, In China

According to HerodotuS, the
great historian who lived in the
fifth century B. c., eunuchs in
Persia were especially priced for
their fidelity and were fire.
quently promoted to the highest
offices. The capacity of eunuchs
for public affairs is demon
strated by the great power they
attained to in the administra-
tive systems not only of Persia
but of India, China, and espe-
cially the Roman empire during
the period of its decline.
For the sake OF poDer and
1DeGlth many an eastern youth
eagerly presented himself for
emGscuIation. Still other young
men had the operation per.
formed on themselves to Guotd
sexual temptation and sin.
The original home OF the eu.
much appears to haze been
MeSopotGnrtG. The contention
of MGrceIlinuS that the first per.
son to unSer men 1DGS SENT
rants may perhaps be not so
far from the truth after all.
1t is proved from ertGnt terts
that eunuchS DeTe employed in
ASSyrtG, and their constant men
ton In the Old Testament
(,DhGteUer meaning SGrts may
haze In each particular refer.
ence) only tends to support this
assertion. HerodotuS tells hotO
the PerSiGnS emGScul1ted the
IontGnS and carried them oft,
together Nth the most beGutt.
jul origins, to their king.
NeIt to the eunuctS the Sc.
rGglio physicians had the great
est opportunity to knotD the hG.
rem intimately. Euen they. hot0.
euer, i1ere restrained to an al.
most absurd degree, it being
rarely permitted them to UietD
more than the Gilino lGdy's face
and hands. sDhich parts Uere
thrust osStiOWSIV tbTosgk Q Oas
The Washington times., 1937-10-02
The Inside Story of Life
I'm the Sultan's Palace
Beginnings of Harem
Custom Are Lost in
MiStS of History

tain for pulse and tongue dag.
noSis.
One Of the late sixteenth CEN
tury physicians was an Italian
named Domenico Hierosolimi-
tano. He ranked third among
the sultan's seven physicians.
and his duties took him occa-
sion ally to the haremlik.
Among the descriptions he
wrote Of life in the palace is the
following:
zone enters a narrow CORR
dor which leads to another court
with a garden Of various flow.
ers; here on one side are the
rooms of the Grand Turk, and
when the women wait upon him
they pass through high corri-
doris by means Of a key to the
door which he reserves for him.
self alone, or his chief eunuch.
The Washington times., 1937-10-02

royal secluSion, elaborate court
ceremonial, or the almost eI.
cluSive employment OF Chris
ti1ns to form a SlGUe goUern-
ment.
At the earliest It UGS not un-
til the middle of the fifteenth
century that the use OF eu1uchS
began to be adopted. As time
1Dent on the Byzantine custom
of the SecIuSion OF majesty be.
gan to impress itself on the con-
QuerorS, and the methods pTeOt'
ously employed to protect that
nGsjety Dere also adopted, and
so gradually the hGTens and the
employment of eunuchS came
into being.
Despotism and polygGmy had
created the necessity for Gu.
nuchs, and the irjuncttonS OF
the Koran ,Dere Overlooked NTH
surprising rGpidity and casual
ness. 1t lDGs, of course, the SiDttt
Development of the Turkish en-
pire that forced the pace.
The reign of the eunuchS was
a long one, and even in this
Twentieth Century, in the time
of Abdul HamiG II, their power
was as great as ever. The idea
that eunuchs are necessarily
lacking in courage and intellec-
tual vigor is not borne out by
history.
The Washington times., 1937-10-02
Lovely BrOcades

ION the side where the wom-
en- are in attendance there are
A separate courts, with conven-
fences Of baths and fountains in
each, so that one does not look
into the other, but he (the sui
,an) has access by a secret cor.
ridor by means Of which each
can be entered without the
others being any the wiser.
Communicating with the wom-
ems rooms are the suites where
the Grand Turks children
that is to say, the maleS-are
brought up; for the girls re-
main with their mothers, and
the boys on arriving at the age
Of six are taken from their
mothers and placed in other
roo S allotted to them, with the
masters who teach them.
1.-THE aforesaid rooms Of the
Grand Turk stretch from the
side of the mems suites to that
of the women's apartments
that is to say, the 40 suites,
each with its hall, chamber, and
conveniences Of baths, foun-
tains, gardens, and aviaries.
built with surprising cunning
and ornamented with panels Of
painted flowers, but not figures,
and hung with divers lovely bro
cades, with carpets on the floors
and brocaded mattresses and
cushionS-the bedsteads all Of
ivory inlaid with aloes and SAN
dalwood and large pieces Of
coral, Of which one was sent to
Amurat from Hiemen (China) :"
The first foreigner to describe
the whole OF the SerGglio, ir,clNd.
ing the hGrem. Wds q French
manufacturer named Jean
Claude FlGchGt. Passing through
Holland, italy, Germany, Hun.
gary, WGllGchiG. and Turkey, he
The Washington times., 1937-10-02
Mournful Trek

Here is the way one witness
described the mournful process
sion:
"These unfortunate ladies
were Of all ages between is and
so Finally they were all
collected in the seraglio in con-
nection with one Of the strang-
est ceremonies that ever took
place even there. It is well
known that most of the ladies
in the harems of the Turkish
sultans were Circassians, the
Circassian girls being very much
esteemed on account of their
beauty and being consequently
very expensive.
Gas Abdul Hands seraglio
was no exception to this general
rule, the Turkish government
telegraphed to the different Cir
cassian villages in Anatolia mott
The Washington times., 1937-10-02

SULTAN ABDUL HAMID
II. The harem system ended
with his exile.
tistic appetite for the exotic. AS
described by a later French Wis
itor to the seraglio, Maxine Du
Champ, also an artist, here is
the chief white eunuch Of the
palace:
HE is clothed in a splendid
costume, and a white tHrban en-
bellished with green palms
around the front. His tired man
ner gives one the impression that
his age is nearly go years: he
is so huge that he seems not to
have a human form because the
lines Of his overlooking fairness
are continued by his clothing.
His cheeks, yellow and dropping.
furl themselves into q thousand
interviewing ripples.
HE hasn't a blade Of beard:
a down Of childish shade thick
ems his lips. His gentle eye
stares lazily and seems to have
difficulty in half opening itself.
His hand, holding the flexible
stems of a crystal hookah (Arab-
ian tobacco pipe>. sparkles at
each finger with precious rings.
Behind him, a Negro boy
boils coffee on a portable hot
water heater; he calls him, and
his voice is shrill, coarse. and as
weak as a woman'S."
The Washington times., 1937-10-02
The SerGgliO

Nicolas De Nicolay was one Of
the earliest Of these, having
Travelled from his native France
to Constantinople less than q
hundred years after the historic
city had been captured by the
Turks from the last of the East
Roman emperors, Constantine
DragaSes, in 1853. Constantine
pie was by this time just settling
down to a new life under the
Ottoman Turks, those Asiatic
barbarians who had so astonish-
ingly fought their way into
Europe and carved for them
selves the new Ottoman empire,
which in De Nicolay's day COW
cred the whole Balkan region.
It was natural, therefore. that
De Nicolay. being an artist.
should journey to Constantine
pie in 1851 to make drawings of
Turkish costumes. And, once
there, that he should go to the
newly built Seraglio palace and
make the acquaintance of a
eunuch who in time was able to
reveal to him certain parts of
the great palace grounds in his
quest for subjects. Realizing
the rare privilege he had been
accorded, De Nicolay jotted
down his impressions in brief
as follows:
''ThiS seraglio is inclosed with
strong and high walls, being in
circuit about two miles. in the
midst whereof, upon a little hill,
is to be seen a fair and delec-
table garden, which. beginning
on the middle of the mound, de-
scendeth toward the sea. There
are divers little houses and dwell
ing places, with gallery, stand
ing upon columns after the form
of a monastery, round about
which are about 200 chambers.
within this compass is still
the Seraglio of the sultana, wife
to the great Turk. garnished
with baths most magnificent,
and near unto the same a place
for young children, which are
pages, being Notwithstanding es-
teemed as slaves. They are there
nourished. instructed and exer-
cised as well in their religion as
to ride horses, to shoot, and do
all other warlike exercises, even
The Washington times., 1937-10-02

flying them that every family
which happened to have any of
its female members in the ex.
sultan's harem was at liberty to
take them home, no matter
whether the girls had been orig
may sold by their parents or
had Gas was the case in some
instances) been torn from their
homes by force.
In consequence of this a large
number of Crcassian mountain
GERS came in their picturesque
garb into Constantinople, and
on a certain fixed day they
were conducted in a body to the
Seraglio, where, in the presence
of a Turkish commission. they
were ushered into a long hall
filled with the ex-sultan's wives
and concubines, all Of whom
were then allowed to unveil
themselves for the occasion.
The Washington times., 1937-10-02

by means of long and mutual
explanations.
"Clad in Circassian peasant
dress, they are now in all prob
ability milking COWS and doing
farm work in Anatolia.
This joyful reunion in the Sc
raglio had its sad side, however,
as more than one of the men
did not find the face he sought.
Some of the girls had died, some
had been put to death by Abdul
Hamid, and others Of them,
after Abdul Hands fall, had
been taken with him to Salonica
or quietly drafted into the
harems of imperial princes who
had taken a fancy to them"
Moreover, a good many Of
the women, specially those who
had already passed their first
youth, were disheartened to
learn that nobody came to fetch
them. Apparently their relatives
had died or migrated, or did not
relish the prospect of bringing
back into their miserable noun
tain huts women no longer
young, who had contracted ex-
pensive tastes and forgotten the
language of their childhood -.
Such was the end of the i'm.
perial harem.
The hdrem's beginning, whtch
tDGS gradual, is lost in the misty
history of the later middle ages.
Perhaps because it tnvolved
The Washington times., 1937-10-02

GrTtDed at his deSttftdtton ~
1910.
Here he settled for no less
than IS years, during the reignS
of MGhntud ! and OSTsGil ILL.,
and By diIi0ent and unrenGtt.
ting labor not only traded on q
considerable scale In psGnntGc.
tured goods of all Kinds but
taught the Turks hon. to make
and use looms, dye cotton, plate
copper, do tin plating. and other
similar Industrial trades.
His friendship NTH the chief
black eunuch, the kislGr ugIsG
Literally, captain of the, gtrlsJ.
mas the main cause OF his sue.
cess. So interested did this
AbysStniGn become In FlGcEGt's
novelties that FlGclsdt iDdS Gre
Gted first merchant OF the grand
Stgnor. He sold all manner Of
things to the serGglio. mecltGni.
cal deuices being in special de.
ntGnd. 49,
AS luck would have It,, some
mirrors sent by Louis XIV to
Mahmud I were being installed.
Flachat, with the Comte de Cas-
tellane, the French ambassador
to the porte, was introduced
among the workmen, and so any
suspicious Of the other eunuchS
were unaroused.
Having described the palace
school and gardens, and kioskS
in the fourth court Of the grand
seraglio, he wrote: -
ION leaving the grand harem
one goes down a corridor quite
dark. 1t crosses the detached
building which the eunuchs in
habit and leads directly to,the
prison of the princes, the sui
tan's sons who can aspire to the
throne. This prison is like q
strong citadel. A high wall ID
built all around it.
1.-THE princes have fine apart.
mentS and baths in the de-
tached buildings which sur.
round the court. The eunuchs
detailed to their service all live
on the ground floor, and there
is a large number Of them.
They spare no pains to mitigate
their hard lot and to make their
prison at least endurable.
women are given them, al.
though it is a fact that these
women can no longer bear chill.
dren. They have all kinds Of
masters, and they even en-
courage them to perfect them
selves in all handiworks that
are applicable to their rank.
In a word, they leave nothing
to wish for save freedom"
(ItalicS appearing In the text sFO
the editors explanatory notes.l'
NEXT WEEK-Lite in the Sc
emilia
The Washington times., 1937-10-02
Koran Overlooked

Although the use OF eunuchs
to guard 1Domen had been Gus
tomary for centuries both In the
Middle and the Far East, the
practice aDGS NntnonDn and W1-
necessary among the Turks ~n-
til they had established their
capital In Europe and had be.
gun to adopt so many OF the Gus
toms of the Byzantine Greeks.
The early SultGns kneto moth
ing of eunuchs. Just as they
knetO nothing of the hGren1.
The Washington times., 1937-10-02

The year was 1909. The occa-
sion was the final breaking up
Of the imperial harem and the
harem system. Abdul Hamid II,
the last of the sultans, had
fallen and was on his way to
exile in Salonica with only a
few of his favorites. An institu-
ton that had existed for more
than four centuries was at an
end,
The Washington times., 1937-10-02
Had Its Sad Side

1.-THE scene that followed was
very touching. Daughters fell
into the arms of their fathers,
whom they had not seen for
years. Sisters embraced brothers
or cousins, and in some instances
met relatives they had never
met before and were only able
to establish their relationship
The Washington times., 1937-10-02

from their age of 8, 9 or 10 years
unto 20, the ordinary number Of
these children being commonly
about five or six hundred"
NNk
OF course, De Nicolay was al
lowed not even a glimpse Of the
haremlik, or women's quarters,
Of the great, rambling palace.
He did, however, gain consider.
able intimacy with at least one
Of the head eunuchs, a creature
who must have delighted his ar.