davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1937-06-12

which pierced it during the night long
mbardment Of Baltimore's defenses
by the British fleet.
Especially made by the citizens Of
the Maryland city for use at Fort
McHenry, the flag was presented to
Lieut.. Col. George Armistead. who
commanded the defense during the
siege. The flag finally became the
property Of the Smithsonian Insti-
tuition through Eben Apperson, son Of
Georgianna Armistead, who was the
daughter OF the original owner. The
flag had been the most cherished
possession Of the Armstead family
for more than century.
THE Star Spangled Banner" is one
Of the few flags Of its design still in
existence. It consists Of IS stars and
is stripes. the design Of our nag from
1894 to 1918. In the latter year the
number of stripes was reduced to l3
and the number Of stars was made to
agree with the number Of States.
Another noteworthy point in connec-
ton with this flag Is its unusual size;
% by "a feet.
Carefully preserved in = glass case
at the Smithsonian, this emblem Is
viewed with the greatest interest and
respect by Thousands OF visitors
annually. Few know that the original
nag Is in existence. and museum
omctah frequently are called upon to
oondrm the tact that 'this really u
Evening star., 1937-06-12
BIRTHDAY OF FLAG
Nation Observes 16oth Anniversary of Star
Spangled Banner, as Climax of De-
mand for Special Day.

the flag that few over Fort McHenry
and about which Francis Scott Key
wrote the song which has become our
National Anthem"
THE recent renewal Of pressure for
the admittance Of Hawaii into
the Union as q State-which would
result in the first change Of the
American flag since July 4, 1912.
following admittance of New Mexico
and Arizona earlier in that year
calls attention to the fact that many
different devices were used in America
beginning with the flag OF Ferdinand
and Isabella, set up by CHRISTOPHER
Columbus. There were literally scores
OF flags, abong them many used by
the colonies.
The colonial flags first were English,
but about the turn Of the eighteenth
century the colonists began to design
their own emblems.
A plain pine tree nag appeared in
New England. A famous variant of
this nag included, in addition to q
green pine tree on a white field. the
legend, "an appeal to Heaven"
printed above the tree. This nag
reflects graphically the temper OF the
times.
One Of the oldest flags in existence
Is said to have been carried by the
minute men Of Bedford at the battle
OF Concord. Against q maroon back
ground is emblazoned silver, armored
arm, outstretched and grasping a
sword. A gold scroll shows the words
Vince aut Morrie," ("Conquer or
Die'). Another group OF flags symbol
.zes even more clearly the colonies
opposition to the continued expressions
OF King George III. South Carolina,
for example, adopted an emblem show
ing a rattlesnake, coiled and about to
strike. with the legend, Don't Tread
on Me" boldly printed below against
the yellow background.
COLONIAL flags continued to In
crease in plumber as the years
passed. South Carolina had a blue
flag with three white crescents strewn
across 1t; New Yorks banner bore a
beaver on its center; the Culpeper
minute men carried a rattlesnake flag
which gave their name and included
the legends, Liberty or Death" and
Don't Tread on Me" In 1776 a flag
OF 13 States was fashioned; l3 white
stars In a circle against a blue field.
Evening star., 1937-06-12
By Herbert H0llauder.
T WAS 160 wears aeo tomorrou

TT WAS 100 years ago tomorrow,
June IA, l777, that the Continen-
tai Congress adopted the reso-
L luton which provided the basis
for the Stars and Stripes, an event
which will be celebrated throughout
America in special Flag day exercises.
And exactly l25 years ago this week,
the fledgling United States OF 1912
went to war with Great Britain in the
conflict which was to bring forth our
National Anthem, The Star Spangled
Banner"
Today the commemoration Of Flag
day Is universal in all parts of the
country. 1t was not until June IA,
1916, however, that the observance
became national event. In that
year President Wilson issued his Flag
day proclamation, calling attention to
the significance of the event and
urging its public observance. SUBJ
scquently it has been ofhcially recog-
nized on numerous occasions and this
year commemorative exercises will be
more widespread than ever before.
Sporadically during the last century,
efforts were made to bring about the
celebration Of June IA as Flag day on
q national scale, but with little success.
In 1885, however, the work OF B. j.
Cigrand, a Fredonia, Wise, school
teacher, began to attract attention.
Cigrand was convinced the day should
be recognized appropriately in the
schools, and he organized such exer-
cises. Then, under the impetus Of his
enthusiasm. group known as the
American Flag Day Association was
organized in 1894, and undertook to
bring about Nation wide observance.
Services at the Betsy Ross House in
Philadelphia in 1890 had helped to
arouse interest.
BY 1916, Cigrand's pioneer work was
rewarded in the issuance OF the first
presidential proclamation on Flag day.
A CENTER OF attention on Flag day
this year will be the original
Star Spangled Banner" the identical
flag which flew over Fort McHenry
in the War Of 1912 and inspired
Francis Scott Key to write the song
which has become the National
Anthem. This flag, most famous of
all national emblems and priceless
relic Of the Nations past, may be
seen at the Smithsonian Institution
in Washington. 1t still bears the
honorable marks of shot and shell
Evening star., 1937-06-12
IDENTIFY
Herein Are Explained Strange Devices Dis
played by Army and Navy Planes and Un-
derstandable Only to Their Creators.

want an identity for 1t and their
planes other than the stereotyped,
official designations of 1lth Bombard-
ment Squadron, 18th Attack Squadron,
10Th Pursuit Squadron, etc. When
that time comes, they begin to think,
worry, plan and draw strange designs
on scraps of paper, and the result is an
insignia which may turn out to be the
monkey or mule mentioned above.
Then the squadron must get oficial
approval for its insignia and must
keep that design, instead of changing
it every time a new squadron COM
mander is appointed or q bright idea
Is born.
WITH expansion OF both services
aircraft under way, there will
be q continuing stream Of new in
sigma designed and approved. At
present there are more than 1900
planes in the Navy, with a strength
Of 1910 authorized by 1912, and about
400 planes in the Army, with future
authorized strength OF 1920.
Because an insignia is a voluntary
acquisition, it is usually much more
imaginative, amusing and interesting
than any imposed symbol might be.
Both Army and Navy request that the
insignia represent to some degree the
mission" Of the squadron, and most
OF them do, though one of the most
famous Navy insignia, the high hat
of Bombing Plane Squadron 2, doesn't
mean anything at all. That squadron
had been pondering for some time
over new insignia, having discarded
its old diving eagle because 1t looked
too much like 4 parrot used to ad-
vertiSe chocolate. Just at the low
or high point Of pondering, In walked
one OF the pilots in a battered silk
topper, and that settled that.
The Army has more specific rules
for insignia and seems to pay more
attention to the art Of heraldry than
the Navy. After an Army squadron
chooses an idea and draws it as best
1t can (much insignia art, as sub
mitted, Is very homemade, indeed, it
sends its design to the Army Air Corps
headquarters in the War Department.
Then it goes to the Quartermaster
Corps for approval, then to the
Heraldry Division, then back to Air
Evening star., 1937-06-12
By Dor0fhea J. Leuis.
IRPLANES sweep by over head
in impressive formation, roar

al lllpI cSSltc lOTMaUlOQ, roar
~ ing through clouds and above
them-silver ships as sure in
the uncharted heavens as an earth
bound motorist complete with a dozen
road maps.
But suppose pilot loses his squad
ron and his proper place in that
perfect formation. How is he ever to
find it again, with the planes looking
so much alike? Does he hunt for q
certain width Of Widespread, or a
blunt-nosed plane, or what?
He simply sets out to find bright
blob of color painted on a planes
fuselage, gaudy little painting of a
monkey, mule, skull, red devil,
or an Indian, the personal and proud
insignia, of his own squadron, the in
sigma that matches the design painted
on the breast pocket of his leather
flying jacket.
This insignia is the pilots signal
flag, the means by which they may
distinguish friends and enemies in
time of war or in peace time maneu-
vers. The use of Air Corps insignia
in the Army began during the World
War when serious mistakes had to be
prevented during periods of low visi-
bility. They were first merely tri-
colored circles used by all aircraft OF
the allied forces, and the Iron Cross
Of the German aircraft. As activities
and strength in numbers of the air
craft grew, squadrons replaced the in
dividual flyer and squadron insignia
came into being.
1t was continued in the Army after
the war and the Navy adopted squad
ron insignia when aviation went to
sea with the fleet" some years later.
There is nothing compulsory or even
official about adopting squadron in
sigma and not all Of Uncle Sans
Army and Navy planes have them.
The question Of adopting insignia is
entirely up to the squadron.
An aviator is as fond of his plane
as the old Cavalryman was OF his
horse. When group Of men have
flown together in Army or Navy avia-
ton, pride in their squadron grows
and there comes a time when they
Evening star., 1937-06-12

Great Union flag, and Is now fre.
quently referred to as the Cambridge
flag"
WHETHER Betsy Ross really did
make the first versions Of the
flag that came next as the nag Of the
united colonies, and which by reso-
luton of the Continental Congress
formed the basis Of the nag Of today,
IS still subject OF historical
controversy.
With the year l777, the development
Of the flag is traced more easily
although it went through another
stage Of development in addition, OF
course. to the numerous changes
necessitated by the addition Of stars
as new States came into the Union.
Vermont entered the Union in 1871,
and Kentucky in 1892. In 1894 an
act was passed by Congress which
provided that the flag "be Is stripes,
alternate red and white, and that the
-
field" The stars were placed IN
three rows Of five each.
AS the country expanded and new
States were admitted into the Union,
it became evident that 1t would not
be practicable to continue adding
stripes to the flag. As a result OF .
special Congressional study, An act
was passed, and signed by President
Monroe, which established once and
for all the design of the nag. The
act read:
That from and after the fourth day
Of July next, the flag OF the United
States be l3 horizontal stripes, alter.
nate red and white; that the Union
have 20 stars, white in blue field.
BE it further enacted, that on the
admission of every new State into the
Union, one star be added to the union
Of the flag; and that such addition
shall take effect on the fourth OF July
next succeeding such admission"
The armies O. the Confederato
States Of America carried at least
four different flags into battle durins
the course of the War between the
States and these included the most
famous Stars and Bars, the Beaure-
gard flag, and distinctive flags adopted
in 1853 and 1865.
Many special flags have been
evolved, and now are in use for
Government ofhcias, departments ana
services. Among them are the Preei-
dents nag, which has . dark bluo
1eld, white star in each corner, and
the Presidents seal in the center; the
Pennant Of the NavS;
the flags Of the various Federal secre-
taries, including State, Treasury, War,
Navy, Interior, Commerce and Labor;
Immigration Service. Custom House.
anl Ahe like. Then. too. there are
stae flass, regimental colors, and
count ss others.
Evening star., 1937-06-12
WHITE FLAGS BRING DOCTOR
BvGOrd0n Eames Br0wn.
%HE white flags fluttering beside

"HE Whlte nagS Hutterlng DeSlde
the little-used roads Of nearby
Nanjemoy district, Md, tes-
L tify to the isolation of 1900
people without a telephone-l,5 500
people who live less than an hours
drive from the Nations Capital.
To the natives of this 500-square-
mile area along the Potomac River,
the banners are as inviolate as the
United States mail. No resident would
tamper with them. They are signals
Of distress to notify the districts lone
physician that his help is needed in
neighboring farm houses.
For 81 years, Or. George Cleveland
Bicknell has been canvassing the
currently unprosperous rural territory
zach day. Since he was 26-year-old
medical school graduate, with
missionary's fervor and a scientists
technique. DR.. Bicknell has been
stopping at the white flags hung from
mail boxes, trees, newspaper tubes,
roofs or sticks plunged into the
roadside.
The stocky, graying, weather beaten
physician travels more than $4,000
miles annually; he has burned out 20
automobiles: he has worked frequent
periods OF four and five days without
rest to tight storms, floods and epidem-
ics; for the first five years he averaged
$4,000 miles annually on horseba ok
and the white flags, whether devised
from dish cloths, towels or babys
diapers, still signify the isolation
which has prompted this gruelling
career.
In the absence of telephones, the
banners are mute but often desperate
calls for help.
Nanjemoy district. lying between
Indian Head and Chapel Point, is
land still staggering from the blow of
the depression. Its difficulties are
more economic than agrarian. 1t is
suffering from abandonment. Many
are the swaybacked farms and sagging,
element-beaten dwellings standing
amid fields whose fertility is normal
but whose crops could not be sold for
years because transportation was
lacking.
THREE decades ago, Nanjemoy
farmers sent their crops to market
On river boats. Then river trafic
dwindled, finally ceased. Left only
were the almost impossible roads,
Not until shortly before the Nation
wide depression did the State build
farm-to-market thoroughfares in the
region. But by that time poverty
grtpped the section. Manv farmers
had deserted the district. + -perity,
Evening star., 1937-06-12

however began to return; then the
depression struck, and today the area
is again beginning its uphill climb.
The areas proximity to Washington
makes its comparative isolation seem
fantastic. The lack Of telephones and
electric power in the territory belle
twentieth century progress.
But DR.. Bicknell's perennial routine
will soon be eased. The Chesapeake Il
Potomac Telephone Co. has announced
that by October l Najemoy district
residents may lift = receiver from .
hook to call him. Late this Summer.
workmen will begin stringing lines
through the countryside. Company
ofrcials haven't done this before, they
Evening star., 1937-06-12

say, because there has been insufficient
demand. They don't know just how
many natives can afford telephones,
but enough Of them reacted favorably
to inquiries to warrant installation OF
equipment.
One recent, sun-baked day, I drove
through DR.. Bicknell's area with him.
As We rolled from his driveway in
MArbury, on the edge Of the district,
he smiled at my steady stream Of
questions.
Il don't see why you take all this
interest IN country doctors work"
he laughed. mo one ever has paid
much attention to me. That Is, no
one except my patients. Ill admit
Continued - Page B-3.)
Evening star., 1937-06-12

Above, left to right of the most famous of
the Army Air Corps squadron insignia: The kicking
mule of the 9Sfh Pursuit Squadron the skeleton and
sche of the 18Th Attack Squadron, the famous "Ho in
the Ring" of Eddie Rickenbnckers World Wnr outfit
the ace in the hole Of the 77th Pursuit Squadron and
the black panther Of the Ssh Pursuit Squadron.
-omeisl photosraphs Of the and
Evening star., 1937-06-12

upper: Navy bomber In
sigma.
Center: 1O1st Observation
Squadron OF the MdSsdchu-
setts National Guard.
LoUer: 103d Aero Squadron.
The Washington times., 1937-06-15

the wheel, and we drove down to
the end Of the runway.
Dynamite Blows Tire
There was a dynamite cap at
tached to the right front tire, and
he explained that he would set the
cap off when we got speed up,
blowing out the tire.
Now with the ordinary tire, a
blowout at that speed means al
most certainly that the car will
roll over.
At the control tower they gave
us q green light The field was
clear. Koffroth stepped on the
gas: and we streaked down the
runway, the Speedometer needle
mounting until 1t reached rs miles
an hour.
Then he pressed a switch. I'M
mediately there was a terrific re-
port as the dynamite went off.
blowing a large hole in the tire.
-, But there was no skid--just q
little feeling of the right front
dropping a bit, as though we had
hit a deep chuck hole in the road.
And we drove on for a quarter
The Washington times., 1937-06-15

of a mile more, then turned and
went back to the hangers, and
that tire, with a gaping hole, was
not yet flat. .~-
The tire was removed and
showed a big hole in the inner
tube, but the second inner tube
that's the secret of the safety Of
this Life Guard-waS intact, and
air from this was slowly leaking
out through an escape valve and
keeping the tire up.
Next the performance was re-
peated, with this time the right
rear tire being blown out. And
again there was perfect safety.
Never Skids Once
And for the final test, Koffroth
drove the car over a series of sharp
railroad spikes, which punctured
both the front and rear tires on
the left side of the car. Even then
the car did not swerve or skid, but
was brought to a stop under per-
feet control.
Goodyear officials have been
working for q long time to make a
safer tire.
The Washington times., 1937-06-15
SHERR|LL GETS
CINCINNATI JOB

After q seven-year lapse, Col
C. o. Sheriff., first city manager
of Cincinnati, will resume his old
post. He succeeds Clarence A.
Dykstra, newly.elected president
of the University of Wisconsin.
Colonel Sheriff. became city
manager in 1925 after Is years Of
service in'the United States Army,
part Of which time he was q White
House aide and officer in charge
Of pubic buildings and grounds.
He Is now president of the
American Retail Federation, a
$40, 000-a.year job he has held FOR
the past two years. He has offices
at 1897 K st. N. w q.
The Washington times., 1937-06-15
TIRE BLOWOUT
AT ISM. P. H.
.UNEVENTFUL
BY CARROLL PEEKE
We laughted ct death today.

Travelling rs miles an hour in
an automobile and deliberately
blowing q tire certainly is daring
death and disaster. But we did it
and with perfect safety.
It was the first test here Of the
new Life Guard tube for automo-
bileS, developed by Goodyear after
several years Of experiment.
Several hundred persons gath
cred at Washington Airport today
TO- witness the demonstration. And
the three of us who were the first
to ride entered the car with just
q little bit of doubt in our minds.
We hoped that the claims they
made for these new tubes would
stand UP. But we need not have
worried. They did. .....
Ed Koffroth, veteran test driver
for Goodyear, took his seat behind
The Washington times., 1937-06-15
BUCK" JONES
FACES TESTS

Policeman Robert L, Buck"
Jones, who was denoted from the
rank Of precinct detective several
weeks ago, today was ordered to
appear before the Police Board Of
Surgeons for examination.
Jones, who served as a detective
for 10 years and was commended
many times, was seriously injured
once in an automobile wreck while
chasing a liquor runner.
Inspector L. I. H. Edwards, per
sonnet head of the police depart
ment, said that in event the board
finds the policeman is handi-
capped by the injuries he will be
retired.
The Washington times., 1937-06-15

other step forward today following
revelation Of q raid on the offices
Of the Archbishop Of Cologne by
the Gestapo. German secret police.
The raid was staged last Thurs
day, according to an announce
ment. Secret police agents re.
manned in the Archbishop's Offices
from early morning until Z p. m.
The Washington times., 1937-06-15
German Secret Police
Raid PreIate' S Office

COLOGNE. Germany, June IS
GN.s0-The controversy between
the Nazi government and the
Catholic Church was carried an
The Washington times., 1937-06-15

RYERsoN (bOttom) examining new tire after dyna-
mite had been exploded inside of it auto raced at rs
miles hour (op) at Washington Airport The gadget
The demonstration prove the safety factor of
type Of tire Photos copyright Washington Times AL
rights reserved
Evening star., 1937-01-20
Base Ball Holdout Publicity Is Going to Waste
anne About It-Most Good Athletes Have Flat Feet.

worst thrashing Of his life In an
elevated train the other night from
. guy who said Mike called him Q
"Nazi" Imagine Mike running
out of words and having to call
guy Nazi!
Port Arthur and Beaumont,
down Texas way, have got into
such q squabble about their high
school foot ball teams that the
Port Arthur Board Of Education
has asked its citizens not to patron
ize merchants in nearby Beaumont.
Blair Cherry, Amarillo, Tex,
High School coach, Is almost GER
tain to wind up at the University
Of Texas In one capacity or an
other within the next few days ;.
If he doesn't get the head foot ball
lob. hs'll b offered ens q ths ~
Evening star., 1937-01-20

othy Round and Peggy scriven
and even dare to suggest that Jesse
Owens Is o little low-arched
Which reminds US the national
sportsmen's show will hold q pam
cake contest.
Tom Heeney Is running cafe In
Miami Beach -. Wisconsin's bas-
ket ball team hasn't been going 50
well, and Coach Bud Foster has
been going around asking: where
can take out some job insurance"
They're getting al steamed up on
the coast over a middleweight called
AL Hostak Bob Pastor. who
meets Joe Louis q week from Fri
day, Is New York State heavyweight
champion, but the boys on Eighth
avenue say Louis Just don't care
Il b -"
Evening star., 1937-01-20
Gambled on Scott.

ONE Of the most dramatic instances
~ wherein player was kicked up
stairs by McGraw occurred in 1922.
when Mac was driving the Giants to
another pennant-they had won in
1921 but needed another pitcher
badly. Big Jack Scott had been re-
leased by the Reds because his pitch
ing arm had developed kink.
A tobacco war, resulting in price
slashing, had ruined his hopes-of max
ing money out of his tobacco crop
down in North Carolina. His barn had
burned, destroying the wheat that had
been cut in his fields. He was jobless,
broke and desperate.
He went to New York and asked
McGraw for a chance, and McGraw
gave 1t to him. He staked him, told
him to work out for a few days and let
him know when he was ready. Scott
worked out, got his arm in shape, did
some relief pitching that helped the
Giants to cnnch the pennant-and
then shut the Yankees out with four
hits In the world series.
The big fellow never was of much
use to the Giants after that. But Nc
Graw had gambled on him-and once,
anyway. he came through.
tcopyright, 1882. by the North American
Newspaper Alliance Inc)