Evening star., 1937-09-24

| II the lamp smoked during developing
the worker had to continue in the dark
by guess work
Occasionally the candle tilted, and fell
against the cardboard side of the Ian
tern IN which is was the motive power.
Then there was q conflaRration, and
much excitement until it was put out,
which was not difficult since there was
tray OF pure water present.
First, the film, after the paper is de-
tached, is rolled back and forth in the
tray of water.
This is essential, in order that there
may be no air bubbles attached to it In
the developer.
If this preliminary wetting is done
thoroughly, the film becomes slightly
more tractable, and is now ready for
lmmersing in the developer.
+ All Of the solutions should be at about
u degrees, more or less. few degrees
one way or another will do no harm.
1t is essential to hold the strip so that
the back is down, that is, it strikes the
bottom Of the tray.
Scratches will result if the emulsion
side is incautiously held downward dur
ing this process.
The film is sea-sawed back and forth
In. the developer. After few strokes
one gets the hang" of it, AS the left
hand goes away up, the right hand goes
down to the tray edge. Care is taken
at all times to keep the film moving
rapidly, but evenly, so that all parts get
the action of the chemicals.
The selection of this developer is a
nj 90 Nrn1fv ,ir,a,
formulae-today the tendency is to use
an all-purpose developer for average
work.
While the film is being rocked in the
developer tray Is the time for giving it
the great "once over" in order to see
whether it has been overexposed or un-
dereXposed.
If the former, the developing may be
discontinued; If the latter, it may be
heightened; perhaps some shots have
been too much exposed, some too little.
In such cases the development of one
part Of the strip may be retarded, while
the underexposed shots are given a bit
more. In case there are very widely
different exposures on one roll, it is pos
sible to cut them apart, but this is diff
cult, and not to be recommended unless
absolutely necessary.
After the photographer becomes &C
customed to handling wet film, he is able
to hold back one portion, and speed up
another, simply by keeping one portion
of the strip out of the solution while the
other is kept in.
1t must be kept in mind that the part
not immersed, in such case, still has
some developer on it, and undergoes a
slower development even when out in
the air
1t is essential to run the strip of film
through the tray of water again, before
1t goes into the hypo solution, which
usually contains hardener, too.
Too long in the hypo is not good; the
secret Of all Photographic work of this
type, after proper development, and abso-
lutte cleanliness in every step, lies in the
thorough washing of the finished film.
This is best continued for an hour.
Less time is not safe. The film is coiled
in the bottom of a basin, and a slight
trickle of water left on. Care must be
taken to so adjust this stream that the
basin will not run over. Inspection should
be given every ten minutes or SO. to pre-
vent this untoward event, also to raise
the roll and replace it in the bowl
This thorough washing, to remove traces
OF all chemicals previously used is too
often sighted