davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana labor news., 1937-05-13
NEWSPAPERS AGAIN
CARRY LARGE BLATz
ADVERTISING SPACE

MILWAUKEE, Wis.-(SpeciaD-
AT a series of meetings during the
last two weeks, at the offices of the
Blatz Brewing Company, Milwau-
kee, attended by many distributors,
branch managers, statesmen, sales
and advertising executives from all
over the United States, the advertis-
ing and sales plans of that company
for the spring and summer of 1887
were presented.
The announcement was made that
newspapers had been selected as the
principal advertising media for this
years advertising plans.
1t is said that the Blatz schedule
for 1887 is one of the largest releases
of newspaper copy on beer that has
ever appeared locally and through
out the country.
I'VE believe in newspaper adver-
tising," says Hal johnson, advertis-
ing manager of the Blatz Brewing
Company. Last year, 1886, Blatz
enjoyed the largest sales volume on
Blatz beer in all its Sc years of con-
tinuous production of beer and soft
| drinks.
I'VE attribute this success to two
factors-first, of course, the very exS
cellence of Blatz beer; and second,
to the extensive newspaper adver-
Using campaigns that appeared
throughout the country, in hundreds
of markets.
1.-THE result has been a decision to
still further increase our newspaper
schedules, and sales records so far
this year have already indicated that
Blatz is repeating, and will hit a
new high in consumer preference
and sales volume.
Last fall Blatz started a building
program, making additions to the
enormous Milwaukee brewery, and
much new and most modern equip
ment was installed, so as to insure
an increased volume for 1887 over
100000 barrels. The increased de-
mand for Blatz beer indicates that
even these increased production ia
cilities will be taxed to capacity.
''This year leading newspapers
throughout the country are carrying
more Blatz advertisements, larger in
size, than ever before, and we look
to set new sales records in every
territory"
Montana labor news., 1937-05-13

brarian of the University. Instead
of complying with requests of Or
ganized labor, the Governor and
other members of the State Board
of Education, with the exception of
Harry Freebourn and Ruth Reardon,
scornfully insulted these people, held
a star chamber session, and accepted
the recommendations of President
Simmons.
Now organized labor is creating a
state organizing and defense fund
which has a two-fold purpose, ex-
panding the scope of teachers or
CARNATIONS in the state of Montana,
and secondly to have a second meet
ing of the State Board of Education
at which organized labor should at
least be given the courtesy of a hear
ing. Missoula unions are contribut-
ing literally to the organization and
defense fund. The Carpenters do
mated $50 at its last meeting.
The new Professors Union at the
University is proceeding along nice
ly. In the near future they will
be affiliated with the Missoula Coun-
ty Central Trades and Labor Coun-
Gil and also with the Montana State
Federation of Labor.
Montana labor news., 1937-05-13
Picketing Achievements

The vdlue of picketing as q method OF
informing the public with regard to I'M
fair labor conditions imposed on workers
by dnti-union employers and suggesting
thut the friends OF labor withhold their
patronage from such concerns ds long
as the unfair conditions ore not remedied
is well illustrated by the experience Of
the local unions of the International Al
lidnce of Theatrical Stage Employees and
Moving Picture Machine Operators Of the
United States and Canada in Providence,
Rhode Island.
About q year ago the proprietors OF the
Modern Theatre in Providence dis
charged their union moving picture mo-
chine operators and stage hdnds and de-
cided to operate on the open shop bosis.
Shortly otter this subversive decision.
the theatrical unions placed q corps OF
pickets in front of the theatre to inform
patrons of both day und night shows
that the theatre employees were not mem
bers of bona fide American Federation
Of Labor unions.
Despite dWindling audiences, the pro
prietors of the thedtre remained firm in
their unpotriotic determination not to
recognize the right Of the workers to or
gdnize in unions and bargain collective
lY through representatives Of their own
choosing.
The pickets persistentlY continued their
picketing week otter week ond month
otter month. Recently the attendance at
the theare became SO small thdt further
operation evidently mednt bankruptcy
for the owners. Consequently. rother
thun yield to the just demands Of organ
lied labor they closed the theotre.
Loyalty to q principle is often q virtue.
But when the principle is the denial Of
the right of the workers to organize and
bargain collectively to protest their liv-
ing standards. loYdltY is not q virtue-it
is. instead. q moral fault which merits
and receives the condemnation Of all
those whose judgments ore based on
ethical concepts.
Montana labor news., 1937-05-13
Low Wage Industries

People who ore either SO untruthful or
idnordnt as to boast about the universal
high Wdge scales which it is alleged en-
ployers in the United States pay working
men and women would redlize thdt ST.
lence is golden if they really and sincere
lY undertook to find out just what wUges
ore pdid.
A good eye opener along this line hos
recently been afforded by the Colorado
industrial Commission in q herring on
wages paid florist and greenhouse en-
ployes in Denver. The question before
the commission wds the proposal. sup
ported by the Colorado State Federation
of Labor, to increase the wage rates for
the workers in thdt sWedted industry.
After herring the case the commission
by q two-to-one vote reversed its former
decision and fixed the wages at As cents
an hour.
Testimony submitted by the represent
dtives Of the State Federation Of Labor
showed hot although the employees Of
the Denver greenhouses and florists ore
skilled workers, the employers, taking
ddvdntdge of economic conditions, i'm
pose q work week ranging from 81 to 72
hours ond pdY wages ranging from
$1,000 to Sl2 q week.
These wage rates ore unbelievdbly
low. They are too low to permit the
workers to provide q decent living for
themselves and their fdnilies. But the
representatives. Of the employers insisted
thdt although the cost of living had in
creased q rise in wages wds not justified.
Happily. the commission decided dgoinst
this unWdrrdnted argument end dwdrd-
ed On increased wage rdte.
1t is interesting to note thdt. even when
confronted with indisputuble testimony
thdt the Denver florists hdd had the most
profitable year since business recovery
began in 1888, the member of the com
mission who voted against the wage in
crease held there wds nothing in the tes-
timonY to convince him thdt they could
pdY even the AS cents ON hour. which the
majority Of the commission found req
sondble.
The low wages of the Denver florist
dnd greenhouse employees ore dupli-
Gated by the wages paid other unorgom-
lied employees in many ports of the
United States. 1t would be q good pldn.
to make record Of these low wage bust
ness groups and throw it in the face Of
the chronic bdllyhooers who insist in I'M
lodding on the public the fdlse propd-
gundd thdt u~nredsondblY low wages do
not exist in the United States.
Montana labor news., 1937-05-13
PEOPLE INVITED TO
TOWNSEND MEETING

DR.. Francis E. Townsend will visit
Butte this summer, according to an
announcement made at the meeting
of Townsend club No. | at the Y.
M. c. A.
At the meeting it was stated that
DR.. Townsend would visit the Min
ing city when weather conditions
permit an open-air meeting. Musi-
cal selections were given by Miss
Emily Sibley, Miss Ruth Bennett,
Master Billy Rice, and Betty Marie
Rice. Talks were given by Park
Lea, Kerr Beadle and other club
members.
M. j. Doepker, chairman, an
nounced that the club meeting every
Friday evening in the Y. M. c. A.
is open to visitors and that any
phase of the Townsend plan in
which visitors or members may be
interested, will be explained.
Montana labor news., 1937-05-13
M|SS0ULA LOYALTY
SUPPORTS TEACHERS
Labor Establishes State Fund to
Be Used for Organizing Teach
ers Unions and Promoting
Academic Freedom.

MISSOULA.-The Missoula labor
movement is responding generously
to the appeal of organized labor for
funds to carry out the program
adopted by the State Federation of
Labor in respect to prosecuting the
campaign against the State Board of
Education for their naughty attitude
toward representatives of the labor
unions at the meeting at which Pro-
fessor Keeney was notified of his
dismissal. During this session of the
State Board of Education on April
the 7th, members of the Teachers
Union, President Graham of the Fed
Grafton of Labor and some of its
executive board members asked per-
mission of the chairman of the
Board of Education, namely Cover
moi Ayers, to be allowed to present
their side of the argument against
the dismissal of Mr.. Keeney, as Ii
Montana labor news., 1937-05-13

The Daughters of the American
Revolution are SO afraid of becom-
ing mothers that they exercise birth
control-against new ideas.
Montana labor news., 1937-05-13
Shoe Company Sells
Union Label Shoes

Union men %ger5erally will be pleas
ed to know that they can nov pur-
chase shoes bearing the Union Label,
No. 218, of the Boot and Shoe Wor-
kers' Union from the Bronson Shoe
Company, TO W. Lake Street, Min
neapolis, Minnesota.
Henceforth every pair of Bronson
Shoes will bear the Union Label.
The Bronson Shoe Company ser
YES customers direct all over the
United States so there is now nc
longer any reason why loyal work
ers need wear shoes without the
Union Label.
Montana labor news., 1937-05-13

It was Thomas jefferson who
warned: Like a thief in the night
it (the Supreme Court has been
constantly, consistently encroaching
upon the liberties of our country,
until eventually there may group up
a judicial oligarchy in our land"
Unless we act on the maxim that
it's never too late to mend, our de-
scendants will comment: "a stitch
in time might have saved the nine"
Montana labor news., 1937-05-13

The excise tdx on copper will not rdise
the domestic price materially because Of
the competition Of the many metals, such
as aluminium dnd dlloY steels, which
have been greatly developed during the
post few years and which CON replace
copper in many uses if the price goes
too HIGH.
Evening star., 1937-03-01

ians). Up to 1904 the Federalists
fully controlled the court. In that
year the resignation of Justice Moore
enabled jefferson to appoint the first
Republican-Dem to the Supreme
Court. He was William johnson of
South Carolina. age 80, the youngest
man ever appointed to the Supreme
bench The death Of Justice Patter-
son and the addition of new Cir
cult gave President Jefferson two more
justices.
With the hope Of getting control of
the court in a lawful way. the JEFF
fersonians abandoned their plans of
changing the courts structure and
the tenure of Office for the justices.
But jefferson was destined to dis
appointment in his desire to control
the court. The Chief Justice. John
Marshall, was too clever for him
At the time the justices all lived
| under the same roof. and the cul-
tured intelligence of Marshall proved
more potent than the politics Of the
President. Jefferson's justices wouldn't
stay hitched.
Two Opposed Sponsor.
Both Justice Livingston and JUS
tice Johnson, Jefferson's own ap.
pointees, went against their sponsor
in opposing the embargo act prohib.
iting the selling of food to European
nations at war-an act as unpopu.
lar as the Volstead law a century OF
Evening star., 1937-03-01

Of the workman's compensation act
five judges held it unconstitutional
and two thought it constitutional
The views of two judges, under the
rule. prevailed-two-sevenths of the
court outvoted five-sevenths!
There was no question in the earlier
days regarding majority rule in the
Supreme Court. The views upon this
matter of the two outstanding leaders
Of the two major political parties were
identical:
ITO give minority negative upon
the majority, which is always the case
where more than majority is requi-
site to a decision, is, in its tendency,
to subject the sense of the greater
Evening star., 1937-03-01

President has learned to his dismay
that justices. once on the Supreme
bench, feel little or no obligation to-
ward the man who named them.
As the slavery problem began to
attract greater attention, the agita-
tion to limit the jurisdiction of the
Supreme Court increased. During the
decade 1820-1830 nearly all of the
proposals to alter the Supreme Court
that are being presented today were
discussed in Congress and out of il.
Ex-President Jefferson advocated
limiting the tenure of the justices 10
six years without reappointment ex-
cept by agreement of both houses
of Congress. In 1921 Richard M.
johnson of Kentucky offered a reso-
luton in the Senate to give that body
appellate jurisdiction in cases calling
for constitutional interpretation
In 1922 and 1928 Representative
Stevenson of Virginia sought to de-
prive the court of the right of judicial
review of acts of Congress and, IN
1924, Senator johnson proposed a
bill requiring the concurrence of five
out of seven justices in constitutional
caSes-a proposal that was favorably
reported from the Committee on
Judiciary by Senator Martin van
Buren,.
Nine Proposals in As Years.
Proposals for the concurrence Of
more than a majority of the Supreme
Court to hold an act of Congress un-
constitutional have appeared in Con-
gress every now and then since 1924.
More than nine times from 1923 TO
1868, proposals were made requiring
concurrence of more than a ma
jority of the court to hold State
statute unconstitutional.
Nothing the Supreme Court has
done in the last two decades has oc-
casioned more discussion than its
hve-to-four decisions. The greatest
good that will result from the pres
ent agitation will be that the gen.
eral electorate will have clearer idea
of why the framer of the Constitution
adopted the majority rule.
Charles Warren, IN an exhaustive
review of this subject, relates the
story of Senator Borah's conversion
to the rule OF majority opinions. In
1923. the Senator introduced bill in
the Senate requiring the concurrence
Evening star., 1937-03-01

Of seven justices out of nine to pro-
nounce an act of Congress uncon-
stitutional. In 1895, the Senator told
why he changed his views In a letter
to Mr. Warren. July, 1885, the Sena-
tor said
I'm 1923, felt very strongly and
I feel now that. if there is any prac-
tical way to avoid these five-to-four
decisions upon constitutional ques-
tions, it should be done. But, after
introducing the bill and studying the
subject with considerable care, could
see no practical way to bring this
about. The more I considered the
subject, the more I concluded that
the majority rule had to obtain in
Evening star., 1937-03-01

the courts as elsewhere in our Govern
ment. There were other objections
which seemed unsurmountable. 1t
was also doubtful whether the result
could be reached by statute or in
any other way than by constitu-
tional amendment"
Minority Rule Illustrated.
Mr.. Warren also gives a cogent
illustration of how the minority
rule" works. The State Constitution
of Ohio provides that mo law shall
be held unconstitutional and void BY
the Supreme Court of the State with
out the concurrence Of at least al
but one of the judges"-of six out OF
seven. In suit attacking the validity
Evening star., 1937-03-01

more later. Four years later. when
President Madison revived the en-
barge act. Joseph Story, Madison's ap-
pointee to the Supreme bench. ruled
vigorously against it. President after
Evening star., 1937-03-01
BY WILLIAM c. McCLOY.


No sooner had the general public
begun to appreciate the Importance
of the Supreme Court in the affairs of
the Nation than it sought to change
the structure and power of the court.
This was about 1900. The first
changes suggested had to do with the
justices term of office. close decisions
and the courts power over acts of
Congress.
With the rise of the Republicans
progenitors of the present Democratic
party-the country became office con-
scious. Everybody was in politics, in
cluding the justices of the Supreme
Court. some of these campaigning
openly for their respective parties. In
the last days of John Adams admin
1stration, his party, under the judiciary
act of 1901, created l6 Circuit Court
judges and, under a supplementary
law, AZ justices of the peace for the
District of Columbia.
When the Jeffersonians came into
power in Congress, they repealed the
judiciary act of 1901 and anticipated
a possible unconstitutional ruling of
the Supreme Court by suspending the
court This was accomplished by set
ting aside the courts next term of
meeting until February, 1903. The
conduct of Justice Samuel Chase was
particularly obnoxious to President
Jefferson and he sought to have Chase
impeached. Justice Chase was ac-
quilted in 1905.
Randolph introduced Bill.
John Randolph, on advice of Presi-
dent Jefferson, then introduced bill
in Congress, providing that the judges
of the Supreme Court and of all other
courts of the United States shall be
removed by the President on the Joint
address of both houses of Congress.
The ns-Jeffersonians-w
so disappointed over the result of the
trial of Aaron Burr that another
amendment-again with the Presi-
dents approval-was proposed in Con-
gress limiting the tenure of all United
Seates judges to term of years. The
bill also provided for their removal by
the President on petition from two
thirds of both houses
The object of these amendments
was to wrest control of the Supreme
Court from the Federalists and place
It with the Republicans Jefferson
Evening star., 1937-03-01

number to that of the lesser "-.Alex-
ander Hamilton.
The first principle Of Republican,
ism is that the law Of the majority
Is the fundamental law of every So
ciety Of individuals of equal rights:
to consider the will of the society
enounced by the majority of a single
vote as sacred as if unanimous is the
first Of all lessons in Importance. yet
last which is thoroughly learned. -
Thomas Jefferson.
tCopyrlsht, 1897. by The North American
Newspaper Alliance IncJ
England's lisp cooperative So
Evening star., 1937-03-01
CHANGES IN COURT
2
LONG CALLED FOR
Close Decisions and Power
Over Acts of Congress
Subjects in 1900.

The story OF the Supreme Court
its origin, its development and
issues it has raised in the history
of the United StateS-tS told here
In q series OF articles, OF tohtch this
Is the fifth. nth the object OF
throwing light on questions raised
in the momentous political battle
noU being ,Uaged in Washington
as a result of President RooSeuelts
program for court reorgdnizationS.
Evening star., 1937-03-01

otograure section OF The Sunday Star attracts the at
of
Kindergarten The child Donna Belle Robinson daughter OF
and Mrs Carl H. Robinson sos Philadelphia SuUer
Spring. Nd TomorroUJace Elaine Bregman, daughter OF
Mr. and Mrs. Dauid Bregman, at the TrueSdae School.
Star staff Photo
Evening star., 1937-03-01

England's l,l52 cooperative So
cietles now have 7.435. .307 members.
The Washington times., 1937-03-01
GENERAL FOODS
PR0FI7SR|SE

The statement of General Foods
Corporation, and subsidiaries, for
the year ended December 81, 1885,
after all charges and expenses.
and provision for taxes, shows net
earnings of $14,240,957
This is equal to $2.71 a share
on the 5,251, ,440 shares of COM
mon stock outstanding at the
close of the year, and compares
with net earnings of $11,730,768.
or 1928 a share, earned during
1885 on the 5,251, ,440 shares then
outstanding.
Net earnings for the fourth quar-
ter totaled $3,623,757, or SO cents
a share, against net earnings Of
$2.960,331, or Sc cents a share, for
the corresponding period in 1885.
Total dividend payments to
stockholders amounted to $11,815,-
TAO in 1886, the company having
maintained its quarterly dividend
rate of As cents throughout the
year, plus an extra dividend Of
As cents in December. On Janu-
ary 13, 1887, a dividend Of so
cents a share was declared, and
paid on February IS.
The Washington times., 1937-03-01
OUTPUT Found 9.4 Per
Cent sAbOVe Normal

Farm income and the price level
Of manufactured goods in 1886 in
dicates that the normal index Of
manufacturing activity for the
year was So whereas the index Of
the actual amount produced was
105, according to the Alexander
Hamilton Institute. In other
words, manufacturing activity last
year exceeded normal by 9.4 per
cent.
The excess in 1886 was greater
than in 1929 or in 1886 and was
nearly as great as in 1920, the
three years which were featured
by the largest excesses since the
end of the war. Each Of these
three years preceded a business
recession.
The fact that manufacturing
activity was excessive in 1886 does
not mean that 1887 will not be
another year of excess. 1t is very
probable, however, that any excess
The Washington times., 1937-03-01
So n. Y. LISTED
SHARES SLIP

The market value of so repre-
sentative stocks listed on the New
York Stock Exchange at the close
of business for the week ended
February 27 was $23. $50. .675, $50, a
decrease of $265, ,123,125, or Ill
per cent, as compared with $685.
955, 5,798,375 at the close of the
preceding week, according to Paul
H. Davis and Company.
At the close of the correspond
ing week a year ago, the same
stocks had a market value of $19,-
361 1854, 500, indicating an increase
during the year Of $4,329, ,410, ,750.
or 22.36 per cent.
Twenty-Five representative stocks
listed on the Chicago Stock Ex-
change had a market value at the
close of business for the week
ended February 27 of $1,127.-
2,625, a decrease of $23, ,737 ,375,
or 2.06 per cent, as compared with
$1.151, 100000 at the close of the
previous week, the firm said.
At the close of the correspond
ing week year ago, the Is stocks
had a market value of $1,033,-
11,125, indicating an increase dur
ing the year Of $93,671,500, or
GIG per cent,
The Washington times., 1937-03-01
1896
PR0F|TSR RISE

Consolidated net working capital
of Gillette Safety Razor Company
at the close of 1886 was $3,525, ,089,
based upon figures given in the
1896 annual report.
AS previously reported, net in
come for the year amounted 20
$4,975, 1888, equal to $1.72 per share
of common compared to $l.51
shown for 1885.
Consolidated current assets on
December 81, exclusive of foreign
accounts subject to serious none
tary restrictions, were valued at
$6,567, 800, and included $3,398,925
in cash and United States Govern
ment securities.
Consolidated current liabilities
amounted to $3,042,8C1 and in
cluded $375,0O0 for the quarterly
dividend payable February / on
the preference stock, as we'll as a
reserve of $1,259,440 for income
and other taxes.
The directors recently declared
the regular quarterly dividend 0f
$1.25 a share on the preference
stock. payable May /, 1887, to
stockholders of record April 2, and
a dividend of Is cents a share on
the common, payable March 81.
to stockholders of record March IL.
The Washington times., 1937-03-01
n f |
MULT|PL|ES

Celotex Corporation reports for
the three months ended January
81, 1887, the first quarter of the
company's fiscal year, net profit
of $268,331 after all charges and
including dividends of $76,971 re-
ceived during the period on it's in
vestment in the South Coast Cor
poration.
This compared with net of $751;
981 earned in the same period last
year. No provision for Federal in
come and undistributed profits tax
was necessary because of statutory
deductions in excess of that
amount.
Net for the quarter was equiva-
lent, after allowing for preferred
dividend requirements, to Sc cents
share on 268,6S5 shares of COM
mon stock outstanding, against S
cents common share earned on
the same basis in the correspond.
ing period a year ago.
Net sales for the period amount
ed to $2,235 1858, a gain of 61.5 per
cent over $1.383,81s in the first
quarter Of last year.