davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Imperial Valley press. (El Centro, Calif.) 1907-current, 1937-01-31
WHAT DOES
"A. Fl. Pop) Keller
Candidate for Director Imperial
Irrigation District No.
STAND FOR?
- Lower Taxes and Less Politics
= More Consideration and
Comfort for Rural Homes
re-

He believes spent IN abusing the other
fenow rendering better service TO the tax
payers the Imperial Irrigation District.
He believes to be developed by the AL American
Canal those who have
soaring Of taxation for these many
and disposition should be such as
service in the community to which 1t be-
and comfort in our rural districts
Valley than other publicity
This unless sound and business methods
supersede petty politics
elected he be under obligation to any person
group or business organization all times work Tor
The interests whose servant he is will
be-
Imperial Valley press. (El Centro, Calif.) 1907-current, 1937-01-31

LEGAL ADVERTISEMENT
Evening star., 1937-03-04

Blue Brilliant
Pals.
Metal
Wash Boards.
Evening star., 1937-03-04
Hosiery

Hosiery
-137 Prs. Boys Knicker 70c
Socks. Odd lot -------
LAP Prs. Chiff0nS and Service
Weights. Some as is,
35c pr, 3 prs. $l
1900 Prs. Silk Top Chiffons,
,Hs;ss,s 11sG a 1s" Service 2 prs. ST.
-187 Prs. Sheer ChiffOnS and
Service Weights, also outsizes,
were 79c to s1.35; 36 Prs. ALL
Wool Bed Socks, pink SOo
and blue, reduced to- Wv
Kann's-Street Floor.
Evening star., 1937-03-04
49c

and deco
rated refuse cans with
foot lever and rem0v-
able galvanized insert.
Evening star., 1937-03-04

29c
Reg. 400 galvanized,
corrugated gar b ag e
cans. (No phone or
dersD
41z gal. reg. &c 54c
: gal, reg. 9Sc 79c
10 gal, reg. $1.10, $50
Evening star., 1937-03-04
<FRIDAY BARGAINS 's: '.% ::" ::.r:,:
Clearance I25
DRESSES
We're S3.9S to S5.95
Plain crepes and GOD
a few prints. Sizes eD~
IA to A in lot.
Second Floor.
Hondkerchiefs

HondkerchlefS
Linen and Cotton In
ltialed II a n d erchiefS. IN
Broken lot ---
-WOmen'S White Linens
and Sports Prints. Were CSo
--WOmen's Lace Trim 90
med Chiffons. Were Soc
Kann's-Street Floor.
Neckweor
Embroidered Wool AscOts and
Silk Wine Scarfs. Were SOc
$1.00
- Short Velvet Wraps; green,
red, brown Greatly S2.89
reduced ---
KannS-Street Floor.
Evening star., 1937-03-04
4S9c

-75c O'Cedar trian-
gular dust or polishing
mOps.
SOC O'Cedar - M a d e
Mops SIC
81 O'Cedar Mops. soc
The Washington times., 1937-10-16

consisted of a rectangular room
divided by an arched partition
into two nearly square chambers
of equal size. each surmounted
by a dome.
The principal point Of inter
est in the divan room is the
little grilled window opposite
the door and built high up
above the grand vizier's seat.
It was unfailing practice
Of the early sultans to attend
the divan meetings personally,
but Suleiman discontinued it
and built this little window, into
which he could creep unob-
served without the councils
knowing if he were there or
not. In this way a. certain
check was kept on the pro
ceedings, which always had to
take place as II in the actual
presence Of the sultan.
At the same time, the break
ing Of the old tradition was a
mistake, and historians have
traced the beginning Of the de-
cline Of the Ottoman power to
this very act.
The usual divan council meet
ing was not unlike a session in
an American courtroom, for it
had a judicial purpose and the
grand vizier was the principal
judge. Any plaintiff was free
to attend and state his case.
The Washington times., 1937-10-16
Suleinnan
Peeped on
Advisers

other. The infirmary was en-
tirely run by them, and they
acted as ntter-bearers, as well as
managing the arrangements Of
the wards and the commissariat.
AS regards the supply of white
eunuchs, plenty Of opportunities
offered themselves when the
Ottoman power was at its
height, and Hungarian, Slavon-
ian, and German prisoners Of
both sexes were pouring into the
capital. The number Of white
eunuchs made at this time, how
ever, seems to have been very
small, more care being taken to
recruit the Turkish legions with
men capable of bearing arms.
Owing to the fact that emaS.
culation was forbidden in the
Koran (Mohammedan Bible), 1t
is usually stated that the opera
ton YVES performed outside Con-
stantinople, and the newly mads
eunuch was then sent into the
Seraglio to be taught his duties.
The Washington times., 1937-10-16
Ambitious Youths

From the early seventeenth
century description by Bon, it
would seem that in some cases
the operation was performed in
the Seraglio itself. Wrote Bon:
&c. They choose some Of the
renegade boys, who are given az
presents to the sultan, but rare
ly against their will, because the
master of ceremonies says that
they would incur great danger
Of death.
Although aware of this, the
youths are tempted by the GER
tainty of becoming in time men
of great consequence if they
live"
Another supply Of slaves was
procured from Armenia, Geor.
gia and CircaSsia-first by right
of conquest and subsequently By
peaceful negotiations, particU-
larly in the case Of Circassia,
a traffic which had been quite
unknown in the case Of the
transportation Of Negroes.
The cargoes were mixed, and
II was not long before the
beauty of the Georgian women
became proverbial. and thirty.
ing trade soon Sprang into
being, the merchandise being
shipped in boats across the
treacherous Black Sea.
When the Georgian supply
was temporarily checked by the
Russian advance that from eau
casia increased, and small boats
packed with men and women
for the markets of the Levant
made their way to Trebizond,
which now became the port Of
entry.
The Washington times., 1937-10-16
Inside the Portal

Such was the aura Of the
entrance to the court of the
divan in the days Of the sui.
tans Of Turkey. An idea Of
what was to be seen just inside
this impressive portal in the
early days can be gained by
reading the account Of Ottavi.
ano Bon, who won admittance
in 1904. Wrote he:
zone enters another court
yard a little smaller than the
first, but much more beautiful
owing to its variety Of elegant
fountains, avenues flanked by
very tall expresses, and the
presence of certain stretches Of
lawn where the growing grass
provides pasture for a number
of gazelles which breed and are
regarded with pleasure"
On the left hand side of this
court stood the important divan
building, which was at once ex
ecutive mansion, legislative
chamber, and supreme court. It
The Washington times., 1937-10-16
Ceremony Galore

The decisions Of the judges,
however, had to be ratified later
by the sultan. AS to costume,
of course, the pashas, grandees,
the grand chancellor, the
ushers, secretaries, notarieS, and
others present all wore their
most elaborate robes and
plumes, and there was bowling
and ceremony galore.
X 4 X
At midday dinner was served
in de luxe picnic style, the stew
ards covering every ones lap
with napkins and passing
around huge wooden platterS
containing the usual fare Of
mutton, guinea fowl, pigeons,
goose, lamb, chickens, soup
made Of rice, vegetables, and an
assortment Of pastries and Sher-
bet as dessert, the whole being
eaten with great alacrity.
In the other parts of the court
Of the divan are the privy sta
bles, an arms museum, the hal
berdierS' quarters. and the kit
chens. In the Sultan's personal
stables about 80 horses were
kept for his use. The harness
room adjoining impressed Bon
in 1904 so much that he wrote
that there are saddles, brides.
pectorals, and cruppers set with
The Washington times., 1937-10-16
Gate of Felicity

But the gate was always re-
garded as the closed gate, sacred
to majesty, beyond which moth.
ing was known. That 1t led to
the throne room and the harem
was all the public could surmise.
The guard consisted Of thirty
eunuchs.
The quarters of the white
eunuchs were situated in such a
position as to command view
Of both the court Of the divan
and the third court inside the
gate of felicity.
The duties of the white eu-
nuchs in the seraglio were
chiefly concerned with the five
berS of pages, which
formed such an important part
of the inner service of the pal
ace.
Just as it was the duty Of the
black eunuchs to control all mat
ters connected with the harem.
SO it was the duty Of the white
eunuchS to look after the selan-
lik and its numerous activities.
In the sixteenth and seven
teenth centuries there were four
head eunuchs, while a fifth was
added subsequently. The first
Of these was the kapi agha, or
chief white eunuch, who was
head Of the inner service. which
naturally meant that he was the
personal confidant of the Sultan
and the head Of the palace
school. He was also gatekeeper-
in-chief, head of the infirmary
and general master of cere-
monies Of the seraglio.
The Washington times., 1937-10-16

jewels Of every kind with much
taste and cunning and in large
numbers and they amaze every
one who sees them because they
surpass the bounds Of imagina-
tion."
The halberdiers formed a
corps Of servants Of the outer
service of the seraglio. but their
duties brought them into such
close contact with both the
selamlik (men's quarters) and
the harem that they were quar-
tered very near to the harem.
Those connected with the
harem bore the curious name
of ZulufI Baltajilers, from zu-
luf, a curl or tress. because two
false curls hung down from
their tall hats, in order to hinder
them from viewing the women
when taking the monthly sup
ply Of wood into the harem.
Similar chastity curls" we're
worn by the sword bearer and
the chief musician and several
other members Of the Seraglio.
The kitchens form by far the
largest separate unit in the
whole Of the seraglio-unless
you should count the realm Of
the harem as q unit. The
whole quarters consist not only
of ten large double kitchens
arranged in line one after the
other overlooking the Marmora,
but include suites of rooms for
the chief kitchen functionaries,
two mosques, baths. and store
rooms, offices and pantries, and
quarters for the cooks, food
porters, confectioners, scullions.
wood cutters, ice collectors.
water carriers, etc.
The Washington times., 1937-10-16
Fond of Sweets

One hundred apprentice jani-
zaries, who transport the wood
of the palace on carts. Ten
sakkas, who carry water on
horseback in leather sacks"
According to Bon, From
Egypt come large quantities Of
dates, plums, and prunes, all Of
which are placed in the care Of
the servers and cooks, being
used in the cooking-both roast
and boiled. The honeys, which
are consumed in enormous
amounts, because they are used
in all food as well as in the sher-
bets for the poorer folks, come
from Wallachia, Pennsylvania,
and Rumania; as well as pres
ents made to the sultan by the
Moldavian dukes. But for the
The Washington times., 1937-10-16
Head Eunuchs

He controlled all messages, pc
titionS and state documents ad-
dressed to the Sultan, and alone
was allowed to speak to the Sui
tan in perSon-though in later
years many Of these privileges
were transferred to the chief
black eunuch. The dress of the
kapi agha consisted of a loosely
fitting pelisse of brocade or vel
vet, edged with ruch furS, with
long, hanging sleeves. Under
meath was a shorter garment Of
the same material. A belt, yel-
low shoes, linen or silk drawers
and a white sugar-loaf turban
completed the costume.
The next eunuch in command
had charge Of the treasury and
was head Of the corps OF pages
attached to it. The third officer
among the eunuchS supervised
the sultanS food and controlled
the whole Of the kitchen staff.
On the fourth devolved charge
Of the seraglio in the sultan's
absence. The latter was also as
sistant director of the palace
school and head of the chamber
of campaign.
The rest of the white eunuchS
acted as assistants to the above
officers In one capacity or an.
The Washington times., 1937-10-16
SlaUe Trade Continued

AS far as the Circassian wom-
en- were concerned, they often
went entirely Of their own free
will, being anxious to exchange
a peasant life for the gamble Of
becoming a pasha's wife. or
maybe even the concubine Of
the sultan himself.
But as regards the men, the
number that became eunuchS
was still small, the reason being
that whereas any amount OF
black eunuchS could be used to
look after the harem, the num-
ber required to keep the court
pages in order was limited.
When a white eunuch was re.
quired he would be found and
duly delivered, but by far the
greater trade was in women,
not only to supply the slave
markets but to provide material
for enthusiastic amateurs, who,
after carefully training the girls,
would sell them later to adVan-
tage.
In spite Of all efforts to stop
the slave trade, and the actual
passing of a decree by the Turk
ish government itself aboliShing
slavery among the CircasSians,
the trade continued unabated
as before, only not quite so
openly. 1t was only some terrific
national upheaVal, coupled with
lessening Of the demand. that
could end a system that was
part and parcel of the social
and religious life of the COM
munity.
Such an upheaVal has oc-
Cured, and today a curious
Turkey presents itself to us, o
Turkey that is looking west per
haps, but Turkey that has lost
much Of its old charm and
beauty.
The Washington times., 1937-10-16

of meat never sitting down
with, say, the timers or con-
fectioners.
The assigned functions Of the
ten kitchens are very interest
ing, for they may be a reliable
indication of the order Of social
rank of all members Of the
seraglio.
The first kitchen was to cook
for the sultan himself. The
others, in order, prepared food
for CD the sultan's mother,
sometimes called the queen, 90
the sultanas, meaning the
kadins or favorites Of the sultan,
(4) the chief white eunuch,
(5) the members of the divan,
co. the sultan'S pages, Cd the
humber members Of the
seraglio, (8) the other women,
(9) the less important members
Of the divan, and (1O the
kitchen staff.
Today each kitchen is divided
into two parts, the inner Of
which contained the fire on a
low stone hearth in the center
Of the room, the smoke passing
up to a dome pierced by a long
chimney. A visitor in 1884 listed
the kitchen personnel as fol-
lows:
"The chief cook, with so cooks
The Washington times., 1937-10-16

sultan's kitchen a stock is laid
in from Gambia which is Of
greater purity and delicacy.
The oil, of which they use a
large amount. comes from
Greece, but for the sultan'S
kitchen that from Gambia is
supplied, being odorless."
Of all the innumerable sugary
confections so dear to the Otto
man palate, the many varieties
of sherbets probably hold first
place.
The near east, incidentally, is
believed to be the original home
of sherbet, ice water, and prob
ably Ice cream as well. These
once exotic oriental luxuries
gradually spread to India and to
China, and from there in time
to the rest Of the world.
The seraglio was supplied
with great ice pits where snow
was stored, being brought by
sea all the way from Mount
Olympus.
On procession days the show
men wore turhanS sometimes
made entire out Of frozen snow,
and they dragged tremendous
loads of snow on wagons to
show the multitude.
The next gate one comes to,
after passing through the court
The Washington times., 1937-10-16
Order of Social Rank

There are also the remains
Of a school Of cookery,
musicians rooms, a timing
shop, ablution fountains, and
dormitories. Many smaller
rooms, the use Of which has
been forgotten, were very posi-
bly, used as divans or coffee
rooms for the various sections
Of the kitchen community.
Thus each section probably had
its own coffee-room-purveyors
The Washington times., 1937-10-16
BelorO, the Dungeons

It enters upon the carefully
guarded court Of the divan'
where only such high function
aries as the officers Of the in
ner service and visiting ambaS-
sadors are allowed to enter.
Silence and mystery surround
the central gate, and the awe
with which it is regarded is not
lessened by knowledge of the
elaborate and lengthy court
ceremonial that begins as soon
as q foot has crossed the
threshold, nor by the not in
FREQUENT sight of severed heads
being carried out to be erected
on spikes atop the outer walls.
The gate itself contains sew
eral rooms, among them the
quarters of the palace execu-
toner. Below are the dungeons
in which are thrust those un-
fortunates who have displeased
the sultan. From the small cells
in one of the towers, where they
are usually put at first, they
are removed to the dungeons.
then into the cistern below and
finally to the room Of the ex-
ecutioner.
If they were officials Of high
rank their heads are spiked in a
conspicuous place above the
outer gateway. slowly to blacken
in the sun. If their rank was
below that of pasha their heads
are generally exposed to public
gaze in the many inches on
either side of The main entrance.
In either case a conical
shaped scroll is affixed on the
adjoining wall stating in bold
characters the name Of the Of
fender and the nature Of his
crime ito be a warning to those
who would be warned" There
the scroll remains, competing
with the head to see which will
stand up longer against the rain
and sun, unless a bereaved rel
ative bribes the chief gatekeeper
to remove 1t.
The Washington times., 1937-10-16

of divan, is the gate Of felicity,
within the body Of which the
white eunuchs live. At this gate,
which had "a fine portico
flanked by sixteen columns Of
porphyry," the personal part Of
the palace began. The few who
were privileged to enter had to
kiss the threshold as they did
so.
The Washington times., 1937-10-16

By N. M. PENZER
Copyright. 1887. Chicago Tribune
New York News Syndicate, Inc.)
INSTALMENT III
TWO fat octagonal tow
= ers with loopholes for
cannon and tops like candle
snuffers stand on either side
Of a battlemented gatehouse.
An impressive guard Of so
armed gatekeepers is ar
rayed below to make sure
that no one shall enter with
out proper credentials, for
this is the famous central
gate Of the sultan's seraglio.
The Washington times., 1937-10-16

under him. The chief confec-
toner, with 80 companions. The
chief faster or chief Of the cup
boards; morning and evening he
brings with his own hand the
dish Of the sultan, and he has
under him a hundred assistants.
(He is paid twice the salary Of
the chief cook.) The steward
Of the kitchen, who has a Sec
retary.
The Washington times., 1937-10-16
Secrets of the Harem
SO Cooks Prepared Choice
Foods for the Sultan
And His Women
FOreUOrd
Imagine 500 1OeU formed girls and
aUomen qUith some 1000 attendants,

I N IHLUyTTE
TOEELUOIu uonueu aUth some g. 900 attendants,
e,uuchs oardemers iIers Bakers cooks, carpenters,
bath keepers soldiers and others lvng IN IuTury
hv peninsula all qOithn aOaed enclosure about one
third of square mile IN That the imperial
seracio or royal palace of the Turkish sutGms at its
height
Mr. Pemzers story here being unfolded in aUeeky IN
stolents presents the hare its true perspective as
an institution pOth lGaOs customs and political hierarchy
of its o1vm erstimg aOi the larger realm of the complete
serago Uhch in turn had its Laws, irobo~d tradition
and governmental administration.
Today Mr.. Penzer goes stage deeper thG" before
into the secret of th swons priVdt 0oTtd He
enters the second court or the court of the dvom 901ch
1vas the seat of government not only Of the serGgho ana
its horenp but of the entire Ottoman empire.
The Washington times., 1937-10-16

Next Week: The EunuChs 4
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-12-30

The father of Henry Wadsworth LongfelloW disapproved of his son becoming a man of letters.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-12-30
ICE BURDENED ALASKA DOCKS
 AT NOON TODAY
Arrives in Juneau Two Days Behind Schedule After
 Severe Storm

Seventy-seven hours from Cordova to Juneau as compared with B hours average weather time - that's the record of some sort or another set by the steamer Alaska, Capt. 70. c. Anderson, upon that crafts arrival in Juneau this noon.
 I've been in Alaskan waters for ? years and I can't remember sec ing anything as bad as we just came through We lost ten hours between Cordoya and Yakutat and ten hours between Yakutat and Cape Spen- cer-She was bowling hurricane out there!"
 Passengers reported bridge rec ord of wind velocity of TT miles per hour-and showing heavily. Ex- tra watches were put on the bad weather bridge above the pilot house because it was impossible to see from the pilot house.
 After coming around Spencer Capt. Anderson dropped anchor in Icy Passage on the northeast end of Pleasant Island, made one at tempt to get through to Juneau. but turned around at Rocky Island when the gale that swept down Lynn Canal blasted the ships plates and booms with dangerous ice.
 At one time the wind was blowing .so bad in the Gulf, the Captain said the ship had 20 degree list.
 It was a happy looking lot of pas sengers that stepped ashore in Ju- neau today.
 Seven passengers arriving in Ju- neau were: R. J. DeLeo, F. Plem- ents, G. L. Harris, c. Courtney. E. Thompson, H. Rasmussen, L. G. Birgel.
 The Alaska is scheduled to sail south at o'clock tonight.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-12-30
A Three Days Cough
 Is Your Danger Signal

No matter how many medicines you have tried for your cough, chest cold, or bronchial irritation, you can get relief now with CreomulSion. Serious trouble may be brewing and you cannot afford to take a chance with any remedy less potent than Creonulsion, which goes right to the seat Of the trouble and aids na- ture to soothe and heal the inf1amed mucous membranes and to loosen and expel the germ-laden phlegm.
 Even If other remedies have failed, cent be discouraged, try Creomul- son. Teur druggist is authorized to refund your money if you are not thoroughly satisfied with the bene- fits obtained from the very first bottle. Creomulsion is one word-not two. ard it has no hyphen in it. Ask for t plainly, see that the name oa the bottle ts Cre0mulsion, and you'll get the genuine product and Inc re-le~ yL1 want. (Ady)
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-12-30
Boy Transients Called
 "Incurable Wanderers

LOS ANGELES, Cal, Dec. 30- Seventy per cent of t h e rowing youths now receiving aid at this country's transient camps are in curahle wanderers" says a report by M E. Lewis, camp director.
 About 30 per cent seem anxious to go home but the rest will keep on moving" he reports. Many of them brag about the number of transient camps they have attended"
 The boys in question range in age from IT to 19 and some have been cn the road as long as eight years, Lewis says,
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-12-30
WEATHER CONDITIONS AT 8 A. M. TODAY

Seattle partly cloudy 42; partly 40 Victoria clear 43 Aer Bay showers 32 Bull Harbo haing 8 Triple Island cloudy Langara Island partly cloudy 35 Prince Rupert showers 34 Kehikan 3 Wrange cloudy Petersburg Ska ve cloudy 0 Hoonah cloudy 8 Soapsone Point clear 24 H. Skagway cloudy g. Hnchinbrook partly Yakataga St Elias 28 Cordoa partly Chitna Mccarthy 32 Anchorage Fairbanks partly IT. Hot Springs partly cloudy 2 20 Ruby 20 Flat clear 16
 Juneau, Dec, 31. Sunrise 8:49 sunset BIT
 
 Atu southern Alaska and the north Pacific Ocean another Alaska third Prince The barometer high from the Arctic coast the St Lawrence River with cene Hudon and Barrow Light Island Alaska Alberta Atka south the Oregon with fair prevailing the field observation Tempera this northern lower southeastern Alaska and somewhat higher other portions.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-12-30
|. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WEATHER BUREAU
 THE WEATHER
(By the U. S. Weather Bureau

vicinity, beginning at pm
  0 strong southeast Weather
  southeast trance Strait Canal and along  along of Alaska: Strong
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-12-30

The South American llama, a use ful beast of burden, can carry 100 pounds.
 The magpie is very tame in Nor way, nesting even in the gardens of town houses.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-12-30
WAR MATERIAL STOCKS ARE UP
 N. Y. EXCHANGE
Selected Ste els, Aircrafts and Kindred Shares
 Are Boosted

NEW YORK, Dec. 30.-War ma terial stocks again furnished most of the buying ammunition in the Stock Market today over indications that the Army and Navy will inau- gurate an expansion program next spring.
 Selected steels, aircrafts and spec ialties which benefit defense spend ing, pushed up as much as two or more points at the best.
 Transfers today were 100000 shares.