davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bismarck tribune., 1937-07-20
Nyes es=NEExs}
HOTEL REGISTRATIONS
Grand Pacific Hotel

Grand Pacific H0tel
Mr.. and Mrs. H. A. Murphy, DICK.
inson: Mrs. r. F. Smith, Minneapolls
MINI; Mr.. and Mrs. w. P. Wagner
Sykeston: NJ. G. Rausch aho !a1ht1S
Griils and o. A. Arneberg, Miles city
Prince Hotel -.
Tagus; L. A. McCauson, Hannaford
Neil Hogoboom, Sentinel Butte; John
N. Brown, Fingal: Mrs. R. K. Worder
and and Mrs. K. Gaitside. Pittsbursh. Pa.
Mr. and Mrs H. Auerbach, Pittsburgh
Pa: /. L. Doherty, Killdeer; Mr.. and
Mrs. A. o. williams, Bottineau: MI
and Mrs. A. J. Marks. washington
D. c.; Mr.. and Mrs. w. N. Nelson, La
kota: Mr.. and Mrs. L: W. Nelson
Bucyrus; T. X. Berge. Fort Ransom
Mr.. and Mrs. o. Lange. Kuhn; and
Siegrid Roe, Kathryn.
Son, Mr.. and Mrs. c. p. Green, 15l2
Ave. c, l1:12 p. m, Monday. Bismarck
stickei, 1920 Eleventh st.. 1920 .. NJ,
Monday, Bismarck hospital.
Daughter, Mr.. and Mrs. NJ. v. Davi-
son, Killdeer, 1914 q. M, Monday,
Bismarck hospital.
ter of Nj. and Mrs. le Louis Doll, soien,
Saturday night, local hospital.
Dr.. r. e. Montague, Bismarck, re-
turned Monday from Fargo where he
The Bismarck tribune., 1937-07-20
GENERAL WEATHER COMPTON
Sunrise, sos q. n.
Sunset, $50 p. N.
PRECIPITATION.

For BISMARCK Station:
Total this month to date ...... 2,l0
Normal, this month to. date -. 1.42
Total, Jan. LIST to date ........i2Sl
Normal, Jan: 1st to date. ........1o.sS
Accumulated excess to date -. 2lc
The Bismarck tribune., 1937-07-20

Stoke OF Jamestown; Ben Wright,
Antler postmaster; and R. l.. Wells
of Bismarck.
The Bismarck tribune., 1937-07-20

Pr. Albert. g. clear -. % IS 90
QuAppelle, s.. clear :. - 81 90
Roseburg, Greg. clear 81 81 90
St. Louis. Mo-, clear -. 80 66 .o4
Salt Lake City, clear 96 50 90
Santa Fe, N. Mex, clear So So 90
8 $. Marie, Mich. clear so 81 90
Seattle, WASH, clear =. rs IS 90
sheridan, Wyo., clear =. Ss 81 90
Sioux City, Ia, clear :. S6 So 90
Spokane, WASH, clear 81 81 90
Swift Current, s.. ptcldy S6 Sc 90
The Pas, Man. clear :. 90 so ~
Winnemucca, New, clear 96 50 90
Winnipeg, Man, ptcldy % 66 90
The Bismarck tribune., 1937-07-20

DR.. r. e. Montague. Bismarck, re-
turned Monday from Fargo where he
Evening star., 1937-04-18

Warner Bros gripping filn "a
reminiscent Of New York 8 bit
vice saids, Marked Woman, rs
to the Metropolitan Friday to Yoliow
Its week at the Earle with a second
week downtown. Bette Davis, winner
OF the Academy Award last year, is
starred and the supporting cast in
cludes Eduardo Ciannell, Humphrey
Bogart, Isabel Jewell, Rosalind Mar
qua, Lola Lane and Mayo Methot,
Evening star., 1937-04-18

story 1t gave every one a chance to
work up fine lather Of indignation,
which is reputed to be good exercise
for the glands, or something, even II it
comes as postlude to the reform such
films suggest. 1t is the kind of in
dignation, of course, which must be
classed with those things that are bet
ter late, perhaps, than never.
Marked Woman" goes a bit far
ther along the harsh line. Its i'm
mediate predecessor had its tender,
grooming moments. 1t stole up softly
upon audiences, just as the Bla
Legion itself crept upon an uns,ls-
pecting prey.
Marked Woman" makes no such
tentative approach. 1t opens in
clip joint" with the big shot of the
vice racket speaking his wingless
words out of the corner of as leering
a mouth as that of Edward Cixan-
nelli, whose mouth, indeed, it is.
These things" one said to ones
silence in theater) are getting
tougher and tougher" The rightness
of that initial estimate was never to
be questioned after Cixannelli turned
loose his strong arm boys to beat
Bette Davis back to the paths of un-
protesting, unremorseful sin (She
had thought of reform, the silly
girl)
OUCH was the ugliness OF Marked
Woman" and remember the
abominable has way of being fas-
cinating, too. that one looks forward
to the next of the topical pieces. 1t
is called Mountain Justice" but
Warner Brothers do not want you to
think it has anything to do with the
Maxwell killing case. which put Wise,
Va, on the front page. At least they
do not want you to think it too en-
phatically.
Be that as it may, the dramatic
possibilities of story called Noun
tain Justice" dealing with the story
of girl who beats her father to
death when he upbraids her for stay
ing out late, seem pretty strong
Even stronger ones, however, may
inhere in another coming attrac-
ton chats what they are called of
the same topical character. The lat
ter bears the title, THE Deep South"
1t is based upon the best-selling
novel, called Death in the Deep
South" which at the time Of its
publication reminded literary critics
of the famous Leo Frank case Of many
years ago.
In the light Of growing potency Of
films exploring dramatic news stories,
one wonders where the end will come
in, not the defiance of the censor, but
in challenging what have seemed
broad class, or sectional, prejudices.
Evening star., 1937-04-18
"Dance Diary"

THE Anna T. Mitchell Studio OF
Dance presented its 1887 revue
last evening at the Community Gen.
ter on Sixteenth street. The program
Dance Diary" offered every inter-
probation Of the dance in a kaleido-
scopic fashion through the seasons OF
the year, its varying moods, in its in
ternational aspects and in the finale
the Stars and Stripes. The modern
babies were among the many hits OF
the evening which also was marked
by ingenious costuming.
The dancers were Betty Griggs
Frances Moran, Joan Pauls, Edna
Pleitner. Gladys Donaldson, Irma
Baker, Jane Stauffer, Mildred Tucker,
Evening star., 1937-04-18
"First LADY," Returns.

ZANE COWL, whose admirers in
Washington are legion, will appear
at the National Theater again in her
New York comedy success, First
Lady" the week Of April rs.
The cast supporting Miss Cowl in
cludes Ann Mason, Hunter Gardner,
Oswald Yorke, Ethel Wilson, Thomas
Findlay, Florenz Ames, Helen Brooks,
Judson Laire, Diantha Pattison, King
Calder, James Seeley, Carrie Reynolds
Paula Mclean and Marjorie Cross
land.
First Lady was produced by Sam
H. Harris, who also has given the
stage such hits as "Of Thee I Sing
and LAS Thousands Cheer"
Evening star., 1937-04-18

Catherine Moreland, Dora Pleitner,
Patsy Richards, Jeanne Clark, Corallie
Thoma, Connie Edwards. Sue Ryon,
Rosemary Gass, Anna Catherine Kraft,
Mary Catherine Prosise, Janice Hoff-
master, Helen Moran, Betty Schneider,
Chloe Clevenger, Pat Moran, Mary
O'Dea, Barbara Ann O'Connor, Nina
Chaconas, Patricia Crofton. Dorothy
Schneider, Margaret Wall, Nancy Ger
man, Beverley Shah, Dorothy Smith,
Barbara Ann Hines, Sammy Tanning,
jeanne Moran, Louise German, Jerry
Ralph, Eubank twins. Buddy Ralph,
Charles Schneider, M. M. McCarty.
Evening star., 1937-04-18


through the classified Story posi-
bilities are sought everywhere by every
one in the film business. Warmers,
however, seem to be the most vora-
cious' consumers of the daily jigsaw
Of human drama laid down by the
newspaper boys"
There Is this to be said of the prac-
tice Of trAnslating yesterdays news
paper into tomorrow's photoplay: If
a news story adheres to Page / day
after day, it is pretty sound assump-
tion that there is drama in it some
where. You can fool a news editor
some OF the time, but the managing
likely to catch up with him before the
interval is great enough to start the
public yawning.
WARNER BROS. turned that feel
ing into system back in 1882
That was the year they made Il Am
Fugutive From Chain Gang" AS
every one who goes to the movies
knows, it is necessary Qibel and SLAM
der laws being so far-reaching) to dis
avow that any such film is based upon
the recent news story it so patiently
resembles. That one, however, looked
so much like briefly earlier running
newspaper tale that its own mother
Gf films had mothers) couldn't tell
them apart.
Between that picture, which starred
Paul NUM-, and Marked Woman" the
latest of the breed, there have been
quite few others. They have varied
In merit just as the front pages upon
which they appeared varied in at
tractiveness to the editorial eyes which
created them.
BY and large. however, such pic
lures have had good box Office results
Sometimes it is even better than the
film producers anticipated, That was
the case of BLACK Legion" which, in
spite of the title, was declared to bear
only accidental, if any, resemblance
to any terroristic society just put out
of business. 1t is intimated that the
potency of BLACK Legion was not
recognized until it got to the public,
which has its own standards of drama
criticism. "Whoops," said the public
"Whoops," said the girls in the box
office. "Whoops," finally said the
higher-ups in the organization which
began to promote the thing, then, at
a dizzy pace.
"RLACK LEGION" was one of the
most powerful pieces OF pic
torial journalism, more so than its
predecessors, because it dared to speak
forthrightly. If punch was pulled
here or there, in It's direction, the Gu
mulative impression of t4le picture was
that it held faithfully to the essential
Evening star., 1937-04-18
May Speed Return.

WITH theaters in more than 400
w key cities throughout the coun-
try reporting they are playing to
Standing room only" upon flrst pre-
sentation OF THE King and the
Chorus Girl" Fernand Gravel, con-
tinental star Of the film, may return
to the United States earlier than he
anticipated to commence work on
another picture in which he will be
teamed With Ethel Merman.
Mervyn Leroy, who produced and
directed THE King and the Chorus
Girl" Gravet,s hrst American picture,
has cabled the continental film idol
requesting him to report back to
Hollywood in August, II possible
Gravel previously had planned to
return to this country In September
or October, after completing French
film commitment.
Evening star., 1937-04-18
"The Gambler" !"

MAX REINHARDT, famous Euro
pean director and producer who
directed the notable Midsummer
Nights Dream" has been assigned
to direct Bette Davis in The Gam
bier" based on the famous novel by
Feodor Dostoievsky Production on
the picture will get under way as soon
as Miss Davis completes work in her
next picture, THAT Certain Woman" +"
soon to 60 before the cameras.
THE Gambler" Is powerful
vehicle dealing with a woman who
CANDLES not only with money but
destiny, and Is one of Dostoievsky's
outstanding works Selection of the
Evening star., 1937-04-18
Popular.

A SURVEY conducted by Helen
Duncan, motion picture editor OF
the South China Morning Post, pub
lished in Hongkong. revealed that
Dorothy Lamour is the most popular
actress with Post readers, the Para
mount studio has been advised
Hongkong has seen Miss Lamour In
but one picture, jungle Princess"
Evening star., 1937-04-18
Coming
Attractions
Cinema Houses Book
Films for Next
Week.
- W1NGT1ME IN SPRING.
TIME'-a flve-week season
Of outstanding band attrac-

(k~ W1NGT1ME IN SPRING.
TIME-a five-week season
Of outstanding band attrac-
~ tions-begins next Friday at
Warmers Earle Theater, with Horace
Heidi and his Brigadiers presenting
the stage show. In addition to the
orchestra there will be Alvino Rey,
originator Of the singing guitar"
Lysbeth Hughes, singing harpist;
Alyce King. Queen of Ballads" the
King Sisters, Bob Mckay and others.
The motion picture attraction will be
the new Paramount film "Internes
Can't Take Money" co-starring Bar
bara Stanwyck and Joel Mcrea. The
supporting cast includes Stanley
Ridges and Lloyd Noland and the pic
tue was directed by Alfred Santeu.
TWO OF the screens more capable
performers, Paul NUM- and Miriam
Hopkins, are together in THE Woman
Love-" scheduled to follow Top of
the Town" at R-K-O Keith's. Mum
plays a shy, sensitive wartime flyer
and Miss Hopkins his wife, who falls
IN love with chap whom she learns
too late is her husbands closest friend
at the front. Louis Hayward is the
third member Of the trio. Anatole
Litvak directed the photoplay.
Wake Up and Live" co-starring
Ben Bernie. an orchestra leader and
Evening star., 1937-04-18

Wake Up and Live" co-starring
Ben Bernie, an orchestra leader. and
Evening star., 1937-04-18
TODAY'S FILM SCHEDULE

NATIONAL-"The Good Earth"
at 2:30 and $50 pm.
KEITH'S-"Top Of the Town." at
2. $50, 5:45, TAO and e35 pm.
CAPITOL-"Love From a Stran-
ger" at 2:45, $40. 7:30 and
9:55 pm. Stage shows at 2,
4:20, 6:45 and 9:10 pm.
EARLE-"Call 1t a Day" at 2,
4:40, 1920 and 10 pm. Stage
shows at $40, $40 and 9:05
pm.
PALACE-"Waikiki Wedding" at
2, $40, $50, 7:30 and 9:25 pm.
METROPOLITAN-"Swing High,
Swing Low" at 2, 3:55, $50,
7:50 and $50 pm.
TRANS-LUX-News and shorts.
Shows run l hour and Is min
utes. continuous pm. to mid
night.
COLUMBIA-"Seventh Heaven"
at FPS, 4:45, ITO and s:S5
pm.
RIAhFO-"The SO Steps," at 2,
4:28, 7:19 and 1910 pm.
LITTLE-"The Barretts of VIM
pole Street." at 2, 355, $50,
7:50 and GAS pm.
Evening star., 1937-04-18
Papoose F!

MERVYN LIE ROY, now producing
THE Deep South" for release
through Warner Bros, began his act
ing career as . papoose in the stage
production Of The Squaw Man" in
| his native San Francisco.
Evening star., 1937-04-18
Topical Film Finds New
Emphasis in Later Form
Picture, Which Is Warner Specially, Finds
Its Origin in Stories Which Cling Long
est to the Front Pages.
Bv Jaw CarmOdy.

an analytical eye the recent product of Warner Brothers
the topical impression
is vivid remember
The Warmers who what papers
Evening star., 1937-04-18

walter Winchell, newspaper writer,
is down on the books to follow Wal
kiki Wedding" at Loews Palace. The
musical comedy (Which recently OPEN
ed to much praise in Miam) also has
Alice Faye, Jack Haley, Patsy Kelly,
Ned Sparks, Grace Bradley, Walter
Catlett, Leah Ray and a number Of
others.
The Washington times., 1937-03-29
F0CHT FUNERAL
TOMORROW

Funeral services for Representa-
tive Benjamin K. Focht (R0, Of
Pennsylvania, one-time chairman
of the House District Committee,
will be held tomorrow at his home
in Lewisburg. Pa.
The Congressman died Satur-
day night of a heart attack in a
taxicab. He had just finished
dinner in a downtown restaurant,
which he left in the cab, when he
was stricken. He was taken to
Emergency Hospital where he was
pronounced dead.
The services will be attended
by a delegation from the House.
A motion of sympathy also will
be drafted by the House.
Surviving him are his wife, Mrs.
Edith F. Focht; a son, Brown, and
a daughter, Mrs. Ellen w. Richard.
Focht celebrated his seventy
fourth birthday on March IL. He
was a native of New Bloomfield,
Pa.
The Washington times., 1937-03-29
Three States COnlbed
lin Death of Model

lround up all known friends and
acquaintance. Forty-siX were
questioned.
The latest Of a group Of per
sons questioned was a former
boarder in the Gedeon home.
After grilling by police he was
taken to a secret destination by
four detectives.
Assistant Chief Inspector John
A. Lyons admitted police have
made little Roadway in solving
the brutal murders. He said:
owe have no tangible clues,
but there are a lot of loose
ends we've got to clear up.
It's a process Of elimination.
Robbery was not the motive
as there was nothing stolen"
Two detectives were sent to
North Adams, Mass, repeatedly
to question a man known only
as Link" However, when they
arrived there they said they
sought Miss Lucy Giacca, 10
also q model, of Stockbridge
Not finding her, they left for
New Jersey, where Miss Giacca
was said to be visiting.
Lincoln Hauser, 20, son of DR.
Louis Eauser, prominent stom
ach specialist, was questioned
He had met Miss Gedeon eight
months ago. He confided:
1--WE had intended to get
married. We were very much
in love-"
Robert Flower, Is, manager OF
a bowling alley, was another the
police talked to. 1t developed
he had married the beautiful
young model when she was 16
but the marriage was annullec
a few months later.
Talked of Wealth
Flower declared he didn't have
the means to support a wife who
always talked about the million
aires she knew and the yachts she
had been on"
Their unsuccessful marriage was
reported to have been a cause lead
ing to the eStrangement of the
girls parents. Mr.. and Mrs. Gedeor
continued amicable relationships
however, and dined together occa
Sionally. Gedeon admitted he hac
hoped the Easter Sunday dinner
date would lead to a complete
reconciliation.
The Washington times., 1937-03-29
CONTINUED from Page u

NONAA@S~NN@
victim with an ice-pick or an awl.
Byrnes' body, blood-splaShed, was
found Sprawled out in his adjoin-
ing bedroom. He had ben stabbed
several times through the head.
The girl model was last to come
home, about O'Clock yesterday
morning. Strangled to death, her
nude body was found on the bed
beneath which lay that of her
mother. Lingerie strewn between
the bedroom and the bathroom in
dictated the killer had attacked as
the girl was disrobing, and had
later borne her to the bed. A pre-
liminary examination indicated
she had not been criminally at
tackled.
Near Crime Scenes
The murders took place within
two blocks of the Good Friday
bathroom murder last year of Mrs.
Nancy Evans Titterton, and the
earlier shooting of DR.. Fritz Geb-
hardt by Vera Stretz, in the fash
ionable Beekman Tower apart
mentS.
Completing his deliberate task
(police believe it was five hours
between the first and last murder) ,
the killer left the apartment door
ajar and vanished. There were no
clues to his identity, and the trail
was IL hours cold before the MUIR
ders were discovered.
Mrs. Gedeon's estranged huS-
band, Joseph, and their daughter
and son-in-law, Ethel and Joseph
Kudner, made the discovery.
Dog Failed to Bark
Invited to Easter Sunday din
ner, the three arrived at the
apartment at 3:15 yesterday af-
ternoon. Finding the door ajar,
they walked in. A glance into the
bedroom revealed the tragedy.
Mortified, they raced to the near
est police station. 1t was after
the arrival of police that ByrneS'
body was discovered.
A Pekingese covered in a cor
ner of the room where the two
women lay. According to neigh
bors, he had set up no unusual
cutlery during the preceding night
although of a breed that banks
shrilly at strangers. Police
thought this significant.
Commissioner Lewis A. Valen.
tine took personal charge of the
investigation.
FOrty-six Are GriIIed
DR.. Thomas A. Gonzales, chief
medical examiner, reported the
varying stages of rigor mortis in
the three bodies indicated the
murders had taken place several
hours apart.
Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Allen, &C.
cupants of the apartment below,
declared they heard no untoward
sound between 7 p. m. Saturday
and 4 a. m. Sunday.
A number of letters were
found in the apartment and de-
tectiYeS were despatched to
The Washington times., 1937-03-29
4 STRANGLED
AFTER FATHER
FORGET"
Mother Kills 3, Self
When Easter Card Is
Not Received

AURORA, H., March 20 G.N.SO.
A father who forgot to send his
children an Easter greeting today
was sought by police bearing .
tragic message.
A note reading, tits pretty
good Johnny has kids and can't
even send them card at Easter"
was the only clue police had to
the motive of Mrs. Jeanette Mar.
tin, IS, in strangling to death her
three baby girls and taking her
own life.
Children Baptized
Mrs. Martin CARRIED her children
in their Easter dresses yesterday,
and took them to the United Pres
byterian Church, where the chill
dren were baptized. The Rev. Will
liam Neebe said the mother and
children seemed in excellent
spirits.
Then, as police reconstructed
the tragedy, the mother and her
three children returned home. She
penned the note which she con-
cludec with a plea for forgiveness,
strangled the children with a piece
of clothesline, and looped the moose
about her own neck.
JObleSs Two Years
The children were Betty Jean,
3; Olga Jeanette, 2, and Joan,
three months.
Out of work for almost two
years, the little girls father, John
Martin, left recently for a job in
Texas. In the home was found a
card from him, sent from Cen
tralia, ILL.,, five days ago, reading:
II am going to Texas to look
for job"
Texas authorities we're asked to.
help locate the father,
The Washington times., 1937-03-29
Dorothea Kopsch, IS,
Honored by D. A. R.

Miss Dorothea Kopsch, IS,
daughter of Mrs. Helen E. Kopsch,
1927 Twenty-eighth st. N. W.,
will be Miss District Of Column
bia' at the forty-sixth continental
congress of the Daughters of the
American Revolution here April
1913.
Miss Kopsch is a Central High
School student. She won good
citizenship contest conducted by
the society earlier this month.
Practically every State in the
Union will be represented by a
young woman at the congress.
They will attend as members of
the Good Citizenship Pilgrimage. \"
The Washington times., 1937-03-29
RAIL LABOR ACT
IS UPHELD
Continued from Page II

Continued from Page II
datory upon the railroad en-
plOyer, and that its command,
in a proper case, be enforced by
the courts"
The opinion continued:
"The policy of the transports
ton act of encouraging volun-
tary adjustment Of labor dis
putes. made manifest by those
provisions of the act which
clearly contemplated the moral
force of public opinion as afford
ing its ultimate sanction, was,
as we have seen, abandoned by
the enactment Of the railway
labor act.
INTENT PLAIN
Neither the purposes Of the
later act, as after nor its prOvi-
siOns when read, as they must be
in the light of our decision in the
railway clerks case, supra, lend
support to the contention that
its enactments, which are
mandatory in form and capable
of enforcement by judicial
process, were intended to be
without legal sanction"
The opinion found the plain pur
pose of the law was to compel col
lective bargaining - though MOI
agreement-to avoid strikes. i
went on:
"It's major objective is the
avoidance of industrial strife, by
conference between the author
lied representative Of the en-
plOyer and emplOye.
INDIVIDUAL DODGE" OUT
"The command to the en-
plOyer to treat with the author
lied representative of the en-
plOyeS adds nothing to the 1925
act, unless it requires some af.
firmative act on the part Of the
employer"
The Washington times., 1937-03-29
By THOMAS A. LOAYZA

MADRID, March 20 Q.N.SO'
laundering a warning of a new
offensive, insurgent artillery to-
day resumed heavy bombardment
of Madrid while troops were
massed north and south Of the
capital for the fifth attempt to
capture the city.
One shell screamed into the
heart of the city, killing q man
and bursting gas main. Jets OF
flame leaped high from the street,
and taxed a large force of fire
men.
Air Raids by Reds
LoyalistS sought to stave off the
anticipated offensive with relent-
less air raids on insurgent muster
ing-points northeast of Guada-
lajara and on the Jarama front
just southeast of Madrid.
In the earlier Guadalajara Of
fensive, which ended in the rout
of 10000 Italians, confusion was
so great, according to Major An
tonic Luciano, that Italians killed
hundreds" of their own men.
Capture of a loyalist vessel
loaded with munitions was re-
ported today at Salamanca head
quarters. Two leftist ships that
tried to rescue the munitions boat
were sunk by the cruiser Canarias,
and their crews were taken aboard
the CanariaS. The munitions
ship was escorted to Passages.
Charge British Flag Used
Indicating that the insurgents
were opening a vigorous naval
campaign, headquarters at Sala-
manca charged that loyalists were
flying the British flag on some
of their armed ships. For this
reason, the insurgents warned,
British ships would have to obey
signals in the future.
In Barcelona, meanwhile, Presi-
dent Luis Companys, of the Cata-
lonian Generalidad, was striving
to form a new cabinet, after the
resignation of five radical min
listers.
Advisors recommended that
Companys form a new cabinet,
stressing solution of public order,
The Washington times., 1937-03-29
Boy Scout Executive
Is Missing in Desert

Stafford, Ariz., March %
G.N.SO.-A dozen searching par.
ties renewed their grim battle
against the desert today, seeking
Robert w. Miller, Stafford Boy
Scout executive who has been
missing five days.
The hunt was pressed by Boy
Scouts, CCC camp members, Fed
eral Department of Justice agents,
and private posses of citizens from
neighboring communities.