davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1937-07-04
.AutOmotive Briefs

Combination Of completely
equipped new "express-stop" service
station and parking garage, with an
automobile agency and repair garage.
located In a hotel and business sec
ton of the city. was completed re-
Gently by the Gulf Oil Corp. at Four
teenth and L streets northwest.
The Barry-Pate CasTclet Agency
occupies one section OF TINS 1sW Ata-
ton, which is one Of Cuffs "a s<s-
tions in Washington and vicinity In
addition to the express-stop petroleum
services furnished by Gulf, motorists
also can get complete one-stop repair
service on all makes Of cars.
This new station is open "a hours q
day for full service.
Lee D. Butler, Inc. local Studebaker
distributors located at 1893 COnnecu.
cut avenue northwest, have appointed
two new dealers.
One Of them is Banfield Motors, On
Wisconsin avenue and Elm street, Be.
thesda, Md. Phil Banfeld. the man.
ager. was formerly sales manager for
q prominent automobile dealer Of
Bethesda
The other dealer appointed by the
studebaker distributor Is the Haines
Motor Co. at 6503 Georgia avenue
northwest, a newcomer in auto sales
business. 1t has one of the best
equipped service shops In Washington.
J. r. Brader, in charge Of sales, has
been well known In the automobile
business in this territory for years.
Evening star., 1937-07-04
BY BECK

mander ordered Gen. Pickett to charge
the Union lines. With Pickett came
the flower of Lees magnificent army,
| and on the failure of that charge
hinged Northern victory.
No greater display of courage ever
has been recorded than the charge of
Picketts men on the field OF Gettys-
burg, and the only feat comparable to
| 1t in the annals OF modern warfare is
found in the onrush of the Light Bri-
gade, which brought the laurel Of su-
preme heroism to little band of Eng
lishmen in the Crimean War.
A united Nation on July 4, 1898. re-
ceived with wild enthusiasm news OF
the defeat OF Admiral Cervera's Span
lsh fleet on Santiago. There it was
that the late Richmond Pearson Hob
sor performed his great feat Of bravery
in sinking the collier Merrimac across
the narrow entrance of the harbor.
ION INDEPENDENCE day, 1s4s, the
corner stone Of the Washington
Monument was laid in the National
Capital. In 1877, and on the Fourth
| OF July OF that year, work started on
the Erie Canal, highly importa mt
project and one in keeping with
| George Washington's concept OF 4
great system Of inland waterways to
connect all parts Of the country.
July also was the natal day Of
three widely known Americans who
distinguished themselves in different
fields and At different times; namely
Nathaniel Hawthorne, Joseph Pen
nell and Calvin Coolidge.
| 1t was John Adams who, in a re-
markably prophetic letter to his wife
dated July S. l776, frst predicted that
the Fourth OF July would become the
new Nations greatest holiday. He
wrote:
Yesterday the greatest question
was decided that was ever debated in
America, and greater, perhaps. never
was. or will be, decided among men.
A resolution passed, without one dis
sentine Colony, that these United
States are, and Of right ought to be,
free and independent States The
day is passed. The Fourth OF July,
1776, will be . memorable epoch in
the history Of America. 1t am apt to
believe it will be celebrated by sue
ceeding generations as 4 great ami
versary festival. 1t ought to be COM
memorated as . day OF deliverance. by
solemn acts Of devotions to Almighty
God. 1t ought to be solemnized with
pomp, shows, games, sports, guns,
bells. bonfires and illumtnations from
one end of the continent to the other
from this time forward, and forever.
You will think me transported with
enthusiasm. but l am not am we'll
aware of the toll and blood and treas
ure that it will cost to maintain this
Declaration and support and defend
those States; yet through all the
gloom, can See the rays of light and
glory. can see that the end is
worth all the means. and that pos
terity will triumph. although you and
may rue, which hope we shall not. "
The Americans who have followed
John Adams surely have not been re-
miss in needing his adjuration.
Evening star., 1937-07-04
NEW WAR SHRINE

watches the fort rise again. The
careful progress of the work strangely
contrasts with the feverish haste
which marked Union construction
activities. Today, she muses., the
embattlement is source of enjoy
ment to every one. This is a queer
reversal Of the forts destiny. During
the war the erection Of Fort Stevens
caused much anguish, even among
true blue patriots.
As SHE sways back and forth in
her rocking chair, beshawled
Mrs. Osborn harks back to the days
when men in blue dominated the
local scene.
My fathers l3-room house" Mrs.
Osborn recalls, was burned down
to make space for the fort. was
only 7 then but I remember distinctly
how I tugged on dads coat and told
him that a soldier with 4 flaming
torch was coming to set fire to our
house. 1t was true. The Union
engineers found it necessary to destroy
our home as we'll as nine others. Be-
lieve me, there WAS much wailing
among the womenfolk when they saw
their homes 60 up in smoke"
There were happier days, though.
Mrs. Osborn's keen eyes twinkle
when she tells OF times when her
mother bedecked her in her best bib
and tucker and they strolled up to
Fort Stevens to watch the soldiers
drill. She was a favorite with the
men. Sometimes a good natured
off1cer would allow her to fall in
and march in the Blue ranks
During the Battle of Fort Stevens
the Osborn family lived in a tiny
shack located where today stands the
Brightwood car barn.
we were quite close to the fight
ing" Mrs. Osborn reminisces, and
things were pretty hot around here"
And pretty hot" was right!
Washington citizens were alarmed
when nTs arrived that Gen. Early's
$4,000 Confederate troops had scat
tered Lew Wallace's men at Monocacy
and were advancing on the Capital.
July IL, 1864, found the Gray hosts
at the northern outskirts of the city.
Finding the city's forts feebly-mAnned,
the Southern general ordered his men
to rest for an attack the next day.
This delay was fatal
Until then Washington's defense
had been not much else than citizen
soldiery. Calls for volunteers had
been spread in all directions. In
order to make an impressive showing
of manpower, wounded soldiers were
taken from their beds and civilians
from their work. Hurried by urgent
orders of Gen. Grant, the 9Th and
Evening star., 1937-07-04
NEW FIREWORKS

beliefs are made Of red earth and to
red earth return"
In recent years some dozen fac
tories have grown up on the peninsula
OF Macua and nearby islands for the
manufacture of frecrackers. The
Initial steps in making nrecrackers,
however, continue to be done in homes
near the factories. where thousands
OF women and girls roll the small
paper castings and cover them with
red paper.
The manufacture of firecrackers In
this country started about so years
ago, although flrecrackers were known
in Colonial times Records indicate
that frecrackers were known in Eng
land in Elizabethan times, and even
today small quantity of certain kinds
OF bombs, rockets and Roman candles
are imported from Great Britain.
FIRECRACKERS, 4 machine-made
product. constitute only 4 minor
part of the total output of the pyro-
technic industry in this country. In
segregated buildings at some distance
from the main buildings. flrecrackers
are made at some half dozen plants.
The very strict standards which must
be met by the manufacturers OF all
kinds of fireworks has made possible
safe and sane" Fourth with less
injury to individuals during the annual
celebrations.
American firecrackers are made on
salute machines" The heavy card
board tube has plug glued into
position at each end and the detonat-
ing compound, placed in the center
Of this tube, connected with a twisted
cotton fuse. Great care is taken to
have all materials meet the speciica-
tions of the pyrotechnic industrial
requirements for safety" and special
attention is given to the carefully
controlled chemical compound which
is used as the explosive force. The
methods of manufacture and the
safety requirements in making Ameri-
can firecrackers make the finished
product sell for more than the i'm
ported article. This, probably, acc
counts for the small percentage Of
American f1recrackers used for Fourth
Of July celebrations.
The plants making firecrackers are
located in the Eastern part OF the
country. in Massachusetts. Connecti-
cut, New York and New Jersey, with
the nearest one to Washington at
Elkton, Md.
Evening star., 1937-07-04
British the Declaration was brough,
back to the Capital

British the Declaration was brought
back to the Capital.
FOR 36 years. beginning in ls4l,
the parchment was in the United
States Patent Once. The Declara-
ton was on display. This long ex-
posure to all the elements OF strong
sunlight, heat and cold is said to
have caused most OF the fading now
apparent.
The centennial year OF 1875 brought
tremendous revival of public inter-
est in all things pertaining to the
formation OF the United States, and
it was considered hitting that the
Declaration be displayed at the CEN
tennial exposition at Philadelphia.
Authorization was given for its re-
moval from the Patent Once to Inde-
pendence Hall Through the activity
Of Philadelphia citizens the Govern
ment permitted the Declaration to
remain in Independence Hall for some
time after the exposition was over,
but agitation to keep it there per-
manently failed. The State Depart
ment finally requested the document s
return to its custody, and in March,
1877. the transfer was effected.
The Declaration found rest in the
newly completed State. War and Navy
Building. where it was to be seen
freely by the public for about 20
years, until. in fact, it seemed to have
deteriorated so much that nothing
ever could be done to keep it safely
on view. Toward the middle of the
last decade OF the nineteenth century
it was in steel safe and kept there
never taken out save by express per-
mission OF the Secretary OF State
Here the famous paper was kept fol-
more than 40 years
The last move was to the Library OF
Congress in 1921 Will it remain
there or will 1t be moved once again
this time to the new Archives Build.
ing?
DID you know that July has .
host Of diverse claims to fame
in American history? For example
going back to more than . century
before the adoption Of the Declare.
ton Of Independence, one finds that
on July 4 the city of Providence, r. L.
was established by liberty loving Roger
Williams. And on July 4. 1926. thu
fifteenth anniversary OF the signing
of the declaration, both Thoma.
Jefferson and John Adams died Ir
1881. and on the Fourth OF July Of
that year, James Monroe. NTH Pres.
ident Of the United States. WHOSE
| name Identifies the doctrine which
has established 80 much American
foreign policy, passed from the scene
Thus another day Of celebration va!
clouded by the death OF one who hae
played major part in molding the
early history of our country.
In the War Between the State.
the surrender Of Vicksburg took place
on Independence Day, 1853 Also
North and South received news OF the
result OF the battle of Gettysburg or
July 4. 1868. For two days the ISSUE
hung in the balance. Then. in \ final
desperate effort, the Southern com.
Evening star., 1937-07-04

Of periodical published in the interest
OF yard employees, because Admiral
So and So had called him on the
telephone and advised him that should
he refuse to do so, he (the admiraD
would be forced to request the en-
ployes not to eat there. And he fell
for this line. Although he paid for
the advertisement over three months
ago 1t has not as yet appeared. We
later discovered this publication was
in the clutches of a promoter and 4
corps OF his solicitors, who have been
getting away with murder" among
the little shopkeepers in that section
OF the District for some time.
When we commenced this series we
did not realize we might be looked
upon as a philanthropist, but such
appears to be the case in some in.
stances. We have received numerous
calls for financial assistance, many of
them really pathetic and no doubt
worthy. We have replied with the
advice that they call upon the Com
munity Chest. where they will be
directed to the proper agency for in
quiring into their particular case and
taken care of ACCORDINGLY.
Evening star., 1937-07-04
Trading Up' to Better
Used Cars Is New Trend
Turning in Old Car for a Better Secondhand
One Permits Buyers to Reach High Level
of Car Ownership in Easy Stages.

bought every year A survey Of the
used car market in several cities re.
vealeo the fact that numerous uged
cars have no major defects whatever,
their original owners parting with
them for 4 variety OF reasons far
removed from failure to measure up
to standard.
Recently a 50 900 car came on the
used car market for $1,000. 1t had
been turned In by \ wealthy woman
who felt that, while completely satis-
fed with the car, she was entitled
to the luxury Of 4 new car every year.
This car WAS purchased by 4 doctor
who traded up" from a car OF the
same make but OF the vintage OF
1894. 1t cost this physician $500 to
step ahead two years into a car that
had had only the best OF care and
which gave him almost as much A.
he could have obtained in the latest
model OF the same make.
A MOTHER case illustrates how the
system OF trading up can be
used to marked advantage by those
who study the situation carefully.
The motorist in question was obliged
to keep his car in the open most Of
the time. 1t was not entirely salts
factory and was extremely difficult
to start, but it had unusually smart
lines. He traded this convertible
coupe for a less attractive but more
practical car. The deal involved 80
little cash outlay that it became some-
thing OF a swap
For best results. however. the process
OF trading up" should be so arranged
that the buyer finds it necessary to
invest at least 5000, preferably more.
whenever he makes a change. BY
doing 80 he is able to take a marked
forward step in his equipase, adding
considerable safety in the better
equipment which he then possesses.
There are also greater economies in
buying the better used cars. Engines
waste less Oil, the gas mileage is
usually higher and obviously fewer
repairs should be expected
Exceptionally good used cars are
turned into the market for a variety
OF reasons. Frequently widows are
obliged to give up their cars. Reverses
account for many persons giving up
their cars. In the present wave of
buying I am reliably informed by
automobile men that an unusually
large number of people are buying
body models which they later regret
selecting. There also are many dis.
appointments in eolors. All this en-
couraees people to trade in before
there is anything really wrong with
their cars.
Keen motorists take advantage OF
these cars by trading up."
Evening star., 1937-07-04

the Continental Congress ordered that
July be marked as holiday.
From July, l778, until June, 1888,
the Declaration was kept at the State
House at Philadelphia. At the latter
date insurrectionary conduct on the
part Of certain American troops made
removal of the Congress advisable
Nearby Princeton. N j., was selected
as the temporary seat Of Government.
Very temporary it was, however, for
shortly afterward the Declaration
moved with the Congress to Annapolis,
Md, then over to Trenton, N. j.: and,
In 1888, to New York City. The
Declaration remained there until 1889
when the Continental Congress ceased
to exist and the Congress as provided
under the Constitution came into
being.
With the convening OF the new
Congress, the Declaration OF Inde-
pendence was turned over to President
George Washington by Charles Thom-
son. Along with other oficial papers
it in turn was handed over to the De-
partment Of State. And in December
1890, the Declaration took to the road
again and found itself in Philadelphia
where, IA years before, it flrst had seen
the light of day.
Several buildings successfully held
the Declaration in Philadelphia during
the 10 years from 1890 to 1900, when
the seat OF Government was moved
to the newly created District OF Co.
lumbia After moves to two Govern
ment buildings in Washington during
the space OF few months the
Declaration finally found a semi.
permanent home in the War Once
Building Here the document re-
manned until the War Of 1912.
In August, 1914, the British cap
tured Washington and the Declare ton
had to be moved again. In the COM
pany Of other important state papers
the Declaration was started on a hur-
ried journey. Overnight the document
was stored in barn on a farm near
Washington, but the nearness Of the
British made it imperative for the
guardians Of the papers to 60 deeper
into the country. Leesburg, Va, was
reached, and the precious documents
were stored in \ private home. That
night the British troops set fire to
Washington. Several weeks after the
evacuation OF Washington by the
Evening star., 1937-07-04
Continued From First Page.)

Continued From First Paee)
Of potash comes chiefly from Germany,
Sweden and Japan, with small
quantities from Belgium, Switzerland,
France and the Netherlands. Old
newspapers, which come from the
United States, are used in small
quantities in the Chinese frecracker
industry.
For export, bundles are made up
containing from 40 to 200 of the small
packages. eight Of these bundles bound
together make \ mat, which Is placed
IN \ fiber carton and wrapped with
mating. The weight of carton when
ready for shipment must not exceed
IS pounds. From the interior districts
these cartons are carried in junks to
Canton or Hongkong for export to
all parts of the world Shipments to
the United States from Hongkone
come by direct steamer to Pacific
Coast ports or via Suez on round the
world steamers
The firecrackers destined for the
United States usually have red wrap
pers. The outer coverings of those
used in China, however, generally
vary according to their color symbol
ISM yellow denoting aristocracy;
green. the law, and red for the com
mon people who according to ancient
Evening star., 1937-07-04
Continued From First Page.)

Continued From First Page.)
work gives assurance of a job web
done"
After McKean and his associates
were armed with the valuable data
they began a survey of the remaining
breastWorks at the site. Scale drawings
of existing topography and original
sketches, when placed side by side,
dovetailed neatly. Before long, ex-
cavation work got under way.
This phase of the job proved in
tensely interesting to the C. c. C.
enrollees. Their imaginations were
stirred and pulses quickened when
workaday shovels uncovered long
buried war relics-uniform buttons,
battered canteens, bullets and bits of
shells. At times. freshly upturned
earth disclosed bark fragments of the
original parapet. In fact, the various
finds are of such archaeological merit
they may be exhibited in a museum
that park officials hope to erect later.
EVEN the concrete base of the
- Lincoln monument yielded an in
teresting cache. Recently when the
marker was removed temporarily
workers found copper box containing
shiny medals, rare photographs, old
newspapers and other patriotic me-
mentoes. The souvenir chest, first
buried in 1920 when the Sixth Army
Corps Associa ton erected the tablet,
has been replaced in the memorials IS
foundation.
One Of the most exciting phases OF
the restoration job, Mexican says, was
his talks with Civil War veterans and
their contemporaries. Since the rankl
of the Blue And Gray survivors ART
thinning fast there are today few
people alive who remember Fort Ste.
vens of the war era, but from seasoned
cavalrymen. drummer boys. flag bear.
ers and sharpshooters, Mexican heard
many thrilling tales. Surprisingly, the
most fascinating story was told not by
q grizzled campaigner but by gentle
silver-haired woman who resides on
Georgia avenue near Rittenhouse
street at the edge Of the restoration
area-Mrs Anne Osborn.
Her experience is unique. All her
life this sl-year-old native has lived
in the immediate vicinity of the fort
AS child she was present when the
Union men threw up the defense
Down through the years she watched
the structure fall into ruin. And
now she looks upon its rebirth-a re-
birth inspired by a rich historical
heritage which she saw in the making.
Poignant memories come swirling
out of the misty past and it is with
mingled emotions that Mrs. Osborn
Evening star., 1937-07-04

and position without his permission
and causing him much embarrass-
ment.
In using the names OF these gentle
men they always wind up their pitch
with, Now don't fail to call upon us
If you need favor at any time"
If the prospect happens to be a
builder, the building inspectors name
is used; if plumber. the plumbing
inspectors name is used, and so on
down the line. But always a veiled
threat to come through 'or else"
Asked what group was considered
the best taps" the solicitor, who
showed us Washington's latest suck
err list, stated, Every embassy and
legation, with the exception of the
Japanese. Next in line comes the
doctor and then the dentist They
are the three best groups. The ma
jority of Senators and Representatives
particularly the Democrats, will not
give up at all"
WE TALKED with a restaurant
proprietor down near the Navy
Yard, and he told us that he had
taken advertising space in some sort
Evening star., 1937-07-04
IF YOU haven't considered the
possibilities in TRADING I'D" in

IP YOU haven't considered the
possibilities in trading Up" in
car ownership, or If you have
= not as yet become acquainted
with this new trend in car buying
now is the time to investigate. Never
before has 1t been more advantageous
to trade up"
The process is simple enough, ac-
cording to Frederick c. Russell, noted
motoring authority, in spite OF the
fact that so few motorists know what
it Is all about. You merely trade in
your present car for q better used
car. BY this process you not only
enjoy increasingly better transporta- =
ton, but are able to reach 4 fairly
high level In car ownership In easy
stages
Trading up" Is the well-known
installment plan spread out over 4
longer period. Its chief improvement
over the latter lies in its safety. BY
never obligating yourself to purchase
any car requiring large outlay you
are not SO likely to 60 overheard in
stepping up the scale.
These who have investigated this
development In buying claim that it
has certain other very attractive
features. One is that it gives the
motorist a broader view Of the auto
mobile market, acquainting hin. with a
larger number OF cars. Another is
that he can benefit by more of the
special features which each individual
make OF car has to offer A third
and appealing reason is the oppor-
tunity to get out of 4 certain make
and model OF car If you don't like it.
Often this change can be made with
out expense.
MOTORISTS who have been trad
ing up" for years say that they
have been able to get a very broad
picture OF the American automobile.
II they were in the market for a
brand-new car they could make q
selection with exceptional confidence,
due to the fact that they know most
of the bugs" in case and have not
spent five or six years restricting their
motoring experience to just one We
hicle. There is. of course. the op-
portunity to make some very fine
buys. For \ modest outlay an owner
frequently can get out of one make
and into another, possibly leaving a
troublesome proposition for one that
is just to his liking.
The impression that no cars are
traded in unless they are defective
badly worn or otherwise undesirable
is rather current among motorists
Many people still feel that only q
brand-new car can offer them com.
plete satisfaction, never stopping to
realize that there are many lemons
Evening star., 1937-07-04
10Th Corps had arrived by land and

10Th Corps had arrived by land and
water.
The Unions ruse was successful.
When Gen. Early surveyed the
situation the next morning he was
amazed to nnd the hitherto empty
fort britling with armed soldiers
Despite the hopeless outlook. he sent
his forces into action. But regiments
OF Blue fighters dashed from the
Unions advance line and after hot
skirmishing overcame the enemys
stubborn resistance. Earlys chance
of making the most brilliant stroke
of the war" had vanished.