davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1937-07-16

legal Aryan Jew placed
political and civil disabilities.
Southern adopted definition of
Negro coord person. which roughly all of their
purposes definition Negro coored
the proportion of Negro and white blood but
Scientific blood tester has been discovered these have had
fall back upon observation and common judgment
Of which enacted laws based dsnc
of them has ultimate adequate definition of race
Individuals the forbidden
fetal evidence satisfactory the clerk of the Children
assigned to white coored schools wholly superficial
Every conductor the South judge
the abstruce science of anhropoogy and ethnoogy
The approach have Federal definition of Negro
oored the Supreme Court the District of
Columbia white oored schools the laws
The judge declared that cood who by
and association, abides in the racial status.
When this question reaches the Supreme Court does it
predict this learned tribunal will sdestep technical and
ultimate definition and will fall back the resoucefuness of
observation and
Ths tribunal
Chinese Fpnos becoming citizens by
Chinese Filipino, but took the definition for granted.
Supreme undertake technical definition
define white and the point where
ntermxtue blood the white the coored
would require wisdom than nine old
The Supreme Court WILL in all likelihood fall back
existing definition based heaay and eae evidence long
is workable"
either abolish all distinction and discrimination
blood composition establish scientific legal definition
of Grace"
the pending out is inevitable that
Federal judiciary will ultimate
definition
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1937-07-16
THE CREDIT UNIONS

Editor:
If credit unions could be sum-
married into a definition, the fol-
lowing would at least be partially
adequate:
A credit union is a cooperative
banking institution for people of
small means who desire to use
their money themselves instead of
letting the bankers use it. It is
an organization which loans money
to it's members at a low rate of in
terest and thereby saves them from
the loan sharks. It is the body of
the cooperative movement and a
way to economic betterment with
out bloodshed or revolution.
The old gardener is rather proud
of the Associated Negro Credit
Union of Minnesota. It's growth
has been steady and rapid. Negroes
are learning to trust each other.
The associated credit union is un-
der the State of Minnesota banking
commission. No one needs be
skeptical about investing his
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1937-07-16
A Matter of Importance

Many of the people of Minnesota and this in
cudes most of group in St. Paul and Minneapolis
may read in the dispatches from Washington of the dis
closures being made by the congressional committee nves
eating tax evasion They may have other thought than
that the evidence advanced shows pful seshness the
part of numbers of rich people, and places these persons
positions of deserved embarrassment.
But this is by the only emotion this nfor1na-
ton should arouse.
The papers of the country for easily understood
will not deeply into the practical result of this tax dodg
ing affects the pocketbooks of the people These will
be called upon to shoulder and all of the deficits the
eminent faces because of the refusal by many to
meet the share allotted to them.
requires but little thought to realize that government
responsibility in respect to it's annual recurring payroll Of
personnel of interest the borrows of it's
activities that call for payment in real money amounts to
certain definite That the government must raise
through taxes If certain citizens able legally other
wse escape the payment of many millions of the direct
taxes they counted upon to pay the itself
will not be relieved of single dime of it's obligations It
will be compelled to transfer those obligations to the burdens
borne by the people through indirect taxes that
not be evaded These will be reflected higher prices of
bread and meat of clothing and and gasoline; in
thousand nsous ways that do not plainly show but which
keenly felt
So this investigation has very personal interest for all
of What Congress will do to close loop holes is very
important. Perhaps shall have need to acquaint
representatives with this fact.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1937-07-16
Friday, July Is, 1887
Sumner Field Underway Again

Welcome to many Minneapolis people, especially
colored people, from Washington announcing the final
steps in the matter of the Sumner Field project.
1t will be recalled that three years the govern
ment selected Minneapolis of several cities in which
to finance rebuilding of sum section Out of several such
districts presented by interested Minneapolis welfare groups
the Sumner Field section selected the fulfilling
most closely the governments ideas for rehabilitation.
This section includes the territory between Emerson and
Lyndale Sixth and Eleventh avenues north Six
million dollars appropriated for the Improvement This
later reduced to $000 for best understood
in Washington.
All of the residents of the area about so coored
moved out the buildings torn down and foundations
constructed for the residences Then followed series
of happenings involving irritating delays leading many
people to believe the project would maeriaze beyond
the present situation.
It would be interesting story to develop the deep
anxiety with which the Phyllis Wheaey Board and ctzens
both white and coored have followed the several stages of
the PLAN The exercised protect the interests of the
colored folks who moved from the section followed to
their homes and given information and furnished blanks
upon which to make application for reentry But that
story for some future day.
We rejoiced that the last hurdle has been
crossed The last contract approved year from today
Sumner Field will be changed into of the most modern
and most beautiful residential sections in all Minneapolis
The only way in which it's benefits will fail to reach
Minneapolis Negroes is for them to fail in reaching out and
possessing them.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1937-07-16
WHO IS A NEGRO?
By KELLY MILLER

The decision of the uphodng
fobng Negroes from owning renting occupying
brings which is bound
state and national litigation.
defendants this squarey
ground that although they conceded mocum
they ouy contendd that
established scientific or legal definition.
The Court sdesteppng the frontal ISSUE accepted working
definition in general practice and denied that the litigation
violated the Constitution of United States
ing decision of the Supreme Court this specific
acter.
Arthur Garfield Hays the we'll militant attorney radical
declared his intention advance appealing the
Supreme Court of the United States
legal definition of the "Negro"
The that the for the Advancement of
Coord People and the Civil Liberties
When Mr. Hays his intention appealing
article for the May issue Opportunity dena
ton for the socaed Negro Cored of the United
then predicted the pending prophesied
that both the local and court would deep den
on Whatever said there the
I cannot do better than it here.
Pior to 1890 the Census Office sought Negro
into blacks muattoes qadroom
to that date it found impossible make such
these divisions mpercep
there definite discriminate criterion which
be separated from the other
Thre 20 which
of such schools
marriage would be therefore,
should be federal definition of
such distinction Hitler will soon be confronted with the necessity
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1937-07-16
Public Service
Bureau
MINNEAPOLIS SPOKESMAN
AND ST. PAUL RECORDER
From the Nurses Notebook

The north wind did blow and we
did have snow and there was much
grumbling then.
The south wind did blow and now
we know there are year round
grumblers-among men.
Well, well, well, we are not quite
clear whether we were the pa
tients or the visitors last week. We
do feel that our painting and per-
spring did do some good though.
What? Why, our wilted appear
ance, weary walk and woozy con-
versation so startled the various
inmates they forgot their own
troubles and ills to sympathize with
us.
It is a relief to enter one of our
institutions, leaving the glazing
sun and hot pavements outside. The
very quietness of the place is cool
ing. The young women in white
going from bed to bed, serenely
carrying out the orders of the men
in white, deserve to be called good
troupers as much as any actors of
the stage, or soldiers of wars.
Their calm, steady expressions are
as much a part of their uniform as
the white cap and dress. They
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1937-07-16

southern cities where he had ts
compete with white workers in the
most unfavOrable environment
young Whatley made application to
the National Shoe Service company
at its Toledo, Ohio, headquarters
and meeting the stringent demands
of the company in the matter Of
capability, experience and charac.
ter was taken into the Organiza.
ton, which fortunately is not in
terested in color. His proven
ability induced the company to
send him among its force in several
southern cities; to Atlanta, Mem
phis, Birmingham, among Others
When it completed it's negotiations
with the Minneapolis store they
sent Whatley. He not only is able
to care for the physical condition
of all the intricate machinery but
can also do any of the actual work
and some of it like the sewing of
ladies' shoes is very delicate task.
calling for the very highest tech
meal skill.
The National Shoe Service COM
pany furnishes the machinery and
its own employees whom it pays
and the local store, of course, has
nothing to say about it.
Except, it is reported, that the
Leader which does not employ any
colored help-(it gets lots of col
ored patronage without that con-
sideration) objected to having this
young Negro in it's force. Then
the Service company said, Gail OF
none," and the Negro youth
stayed.
He has made friends with his
fellow workers, with the manage.
ment, with all who appreciate
ability, mOdesty and proper self
respect. He came to Minneapolis
last December, expects to remain a
year, the usual limit before his
company sends him elsewhere.
His ultimate aim is to get a bust
ness of his own somewhere in the
north, send for his family and con.
tinue to build for himself and his
people a new place in the economy
of this country.
Howdy folks:
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1937-07-16
HERE and
THERE
D W. Il. Smith

Most of us, in our secret hearts,
admit to ourselves, though not for
public consumption, that the youth
of our day leave much to be de-
sired. We recognize that its
most noticeable characteristic is an
aggravating self-sufficiency that
borders closely on insufferable con-
ceit. That it's main objective in
life seems to be a good time" re-
CARELESS; that the opportunities
scattered so plentifully around are
hedged about with the necessities
of hard work and sacrifice with
which it has no sympathy or
strength of character to endure.
But if we dig about with enough
of persistency-even here in our
Twin Cities-we will unearth
enough evidence to show that there
are other youth, the very antithesis
of that other youth that so flls our
horizon and weighs down our
hearts with disappointment and de-
spair.
I find examples occasionally, and
strangely enough, always en-
virOned by the same general cir
cumstance.
First this youth, boy or girl,
comes from the South where the
spurs of ambition are presumably
least in evidence.
Second, this young person is in
fluenced by an imperiOus desire to
get more from life than a~gOOd
time and something to eat and
enough to wear.
Third, these Negro youths al
ways have been aided by some
white person, who for one reason
or another have been able to look
beyond the barrier of color and
have seen ability, ambition and an
irrepressible determination to be
somebody, and on that basis have
provided the needed opportunity.
A fourth, and believe the most
important, characteristic of these
young people is a certain "close
mouth" attitude. They see nothing
to brag about in their manner of
life. They have done only what any
other youth could do if he wished !;
they don't enjoy talking about
themselves, and only by dint of
questioning can their story of
themselves be drawn from them.
Such a one I found this week in
the person of TeaviOus Whatley,
who comes from Chattanooga,
Tenn, and is at present working in
Minneapolis in the shoe repair de-
partment of the Leader Depart
ment store.
Young Whatley is "a years old,
is married, has a baby son and has
completed two years of high
school. Nothing very exciting or
unusual about all of that. But wait!
The National Shoe Service cor
poration is widely known organ
ization. It has taken the simple
matter of shoe repair and built it
into a national business.
With the most modern machinery
and the most expert workers to be
found it moves into a city and
takes over the shoe business of a
firm like the Leader store in Min
neapolis where this business is only
a side-line in which the local store
can not afford the expensive ma
chinery nor the high priced opera
tives necessary for it's fullest de-
velopment.
So after several years of work in
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1937-07-16

have to be well trained for the part
they carry out while on duty. Their
audience is the most critical of ali
audiences. The mind as well as
the body has to have special treat
ment when one is i'll. Nurses are
taught that the needs Of the pa
tient are their first consideration.
To be able to give the best possible
care to the patient, the nurse must
be physically and mentally fit Good
health can not be too highly valued.
All good business men take an
inventory of their stock. Do you
ever check up on your most valu-
able possession-your health? You
should. Find out from your family
doctor just where you stand on the
road of health or whether you are
wandering off the road. So many
of our traffic accidents happen be-
cause we do not observe the warn
ing signs. Likewise, so much Of
our expense and suffering is due to
the fact that we ignore little warn
ing symptoms of nature.
It would be very interesting to
have some of you well folks write
in to this Bureau telling how you
managed to stay well. We know
some rule of health has been brok-
en- when there is sickness. Tell us
what you do as daily health habits
to keep up your vitality during this
heat wave.
Here's how our hospital patients
stand: Mrs. Beulah Stevens at
University Hospital has improved
sufficiently to sit up in a chair at
her bedside.
At Parkview: Mrs. Sally Bailey,
Fanny Banks, and Mr.. Andrew
Horton are getting along just
fairly well. No definite change in
the condition of the three men at
Veterans.
New patients at General are
little Curtis Stevenson in the Chill
dren's Annex, John Morris, who
was released a month ago and re-
admitted last week, condition fair.
Mrs. Leah Peale is not doing so
well as we get ready for press.
Mrs. Ida Taylor is awaiting the
stork. Mrs. Margaret Price spent
four days in the hospital.
Mrs. Corrinne Pope was released
with her brand new baby boy.
Little Wenzil Miller has returned
home minus the streptococcus
germs which were troubling his
throat. They are very popular
germs, so you folks had better be a
little more hygienic about your
nose and throat this hot, dry
weather.
James Faison, Archie Owens,
Ray Dibrel and Rosalie Alexander
have been released.
The remains of one John Jen-
nings are at Glen Lake Sanitar1um
awaiting burial by the city. We
tried very hard the past week to
assist the Social Service Depart
ment out there to contact some
relative or friend of the dying man
without results.
DOROTHY W. WILSON.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1937-07-16

money in the Negro Credit Union.
Let's draw out some of our
dollars from privately operated
banks and put the money into the
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1937-07-16

Mr.. Cecil E. Newman, Publisher
Dear Sir:
I take this opportunity to thank
you for your splendid editorial,
"Polce Officers" in the July is
sue.
It is the belief of Commissioner
Barfuss and myself, the same as
you state, "Turpin and all other
peace officers are sworn to combat
vice and crime. That's what we
who pay taxes, pay them for and
that's what most of US expect them
to do"
Most of US, yes, and this police
administration knows that most
people, white or colored, are law
abiding and are deserving of atten-
ton. Rather than be Indifferent to
acts of lawlessness by the few in
comparison we shall make every
effort to rid your people and others
of the undesirables.
Believing Officer Turpin of out
standing character we assigned
him to your district. In law en-
forcement the Department of Pub
lie Safety shall not look to color of
the skin but to character.
Again, thank you.
Very truly yours,
C. A. Hackert,
Chief of Police.
The Washington times., 1937-08-21
CHINA REFUGEES
CALM IN QUAKE

MANILA, P. l., Aug. 81 Q.N.EO.
Coming safely through war and
earthquake, BIT American refugees
settled down here today anxiously
awaiting word from their loved
ones in Shanghai.
The contingent, mainly women
and children, arrived here aboard
the liner President Jefferson just
as Manila was jolted by the worst
quake it has experienced in 40
years.
One person was killed and 30
injured in the quake, but the refu'
gees, who had fled Shanghai as
japanese and Chinese shells whiS-
tied over their heads, took the
earth tremors calmly.
The Washington times., 1937-08-21
HEAT-STRICKEN
AT AUTO Wheel

Overcome by yesterdays record
breaking heat, Mrs. Richard F.
Roper, daughter-in.law Of the Sec
rotary of Commerce, collapsed at
the wheel of her car while she was
driving down Connecticut Avenue.
Her machine, out of control,
crashed into one owned by George
M. Kidd of the 300 block L st.
S. E., which was parked in the
300 block Connecticut Ave.
Mrs. Roper, who lives at 41s
East Leland st., Chevy Chase, Md.
said she tainted. She was taken to
her home by a. passing motorist.
NO one was injured. Z we
The Washington times., 1937-08-21
Ship Firms Set Up
China Embargo

PHILADELPHIA, Aug. 21-Eight
steamship lines. carrying cargo
from Philadelphia to the Far East,
have declared an embargo on all
merchandise shipped to Shanghai,
according to the Maritime Elk
change.
Some ships are en- route to the
beleaguered city with cargoes, but
these were advised by radio to dis
charge their contents at Manila or
Hong Kong. The lines affected
are the O-SK., the Mitsui. N-Y,K,
Bank, Prince. American Pioneer,
Blu Funnel and Isbrantdsen-M Mol
Ter Company, Inc.
The Washington times., 1937-08-21
FRANCO DEF|ES
BRITISH THREAT
By KINGsBURY SMITH

By KINGSBURY SMITH
LONDON. Aug. 81 (I.N.s0.-Tn
flat defiance of British warnings,
Generalissimo Francisco Franco,
Spanish insurgent leader, today
notified this government of his in
tention to sink all ships suspected
of carrying war supplies to Span
ish loyalist ports.
Ignoring Britain's recent an
nouncement that warshipS have
been instructed to fire on any YES
sells attempting to modest British
merchant shipping, Franco dis
patched a note to the foreign Of
flee, declaring all suspected sup
ply ships will be shelled or tor
pedoed whether they are sighted
on the high seas or in Spanish ter
ritorial waters.
The Washington times., 1937-08-21
British Shipping
In Orient Suffers

LONDON. Aug. 81 (C.T.P.SO.
The Chinese-Japanese clash is
having an adverse effect on Brit
ish shipping and commerce in the
Far East.
British lines serving Chinese
ports today were either refusing
point blank to accept cargoes for
Shanghai or discouraging shippers
from forwarding merchandise.
Movements are underway, il was
disclosed, to secure a JOINT de-
cision to omit calls at Shanghai
by British and foreign shipping
lines.
The Washington times., 1937-08-21
Chinese War Laid
To Russian Crisis

NEW YORK, Aug. 81 (C.TP.S0.
Walter Duranty. newspaper CORE
spondent, declared today as he
sailed on the Bremen that Japan
had been emboldened to invade
China by the decline in Soviet pres
tige caused by the execution Of
eight prominent soviet generals
He added, however, that he did not
believe there was as much discon-
tent in Russia as was generally
believed.
The Washington times., 1937-08-21
CHINA ACCUSED
OF BIDDING FOR
RUSSIA AS ALLY
Seizure of Ship Inks
Japanese ENJOYS
BY JAMES R. YOUNG

TOKYO, Aug. 81 INSO.
Charges that China is maneuver'
ing to bring the mighty Red army
of Soviet Russia into her struggle
against Japan we're made in high
diplomatic quarters today while a
fresh Russo-Japanese incident"
threatened to disrupt the two ma
tons relations.
Soviet authorities seized a
Manchukuo repair boat off an
islet in the Jatho River four days
ago, it was announced.
In spite of protests, the Soviets
have not returned the boat and
have not released the crew.
PLOT CLAIMED
Confirming that only thread
now held together diplomatic re-
lations with China, Hinrokuro
Hidaka, until early this week
counsellor of the Japanese en-
bassy at Marking, made the
allegation that China tried to win
Moscow as an ally.
Chinese military leaders planned
to massacre the 10000 japanese
residents of Shanghai together
with the Japanese naval landing
party, Hidaka asserted, but the ar
rival of requirements frustrated
the plot.
Counsellor Hidaka has just re-
turned from Marking with his en-.
tire staff, including all japanese
newspapermen. Although the en-
bassy was closed, Ambassador
Shigeru Kawagoe remains in
China to maintain formal diplo'
matte relations.
LONG WAR LIMITED
While military, naval and aerial
activity continued on a large scale
in China, Premier Prince Fumi-
marc Konoye called on Emperor
Hirohito today and informed him
of all the latest developments, In
GLIDING Japan's measures to wage
a long war.
Blame for Smelling Of the q. S.
S. Augusta off Shanghai was
placed on the Chinese today by
spokesman for the Japanese navy
Since there were no Chinese
airplanes flying over the Augusta
at the time, there was no occasion
for firing from Japanese anti
aircraft guns, the naval repre-
sentative explained.
He expressed the belief that the
shell was a stray shot from a Chi
nese trench mortar.
The Washington times., 1937-08-21
News in Brief

CHICAGO, Aug. 81 G.N.S0.-A
seventeenth blood TRANSMISSION to-
day left Lige Debowski in a fairly
good" condition. The heroic chef
was critically wounded July II
when he disarmed and killed two
bandits.
NEW YORK, Aug. FL N.N.SD.
While two little girls looked on,
screaming, Louis Green, 81
year-OId WPA worker was fatally
stabbed at his Brooklyn home
today. TOney Quin0neZ, 40, of
Brooklyn, was arrested when pO-
lice learned he had quarreled
with Green.
CHICAGO, Aug. 81 Q.N.SO.-
The rotund policeman was fading
from the scene in suburban Evans
ton today. An order by Chief of
Police William o. Freemen requires
any officer with surplus weight to
join the departments exercise
class.
NEWARK, N. J., Aug. Fl
(I.N. S.)-AuthOritieS today
were rounding up a "gang" Of
young boys here for questioning
regarding the death of Leonard
Macali, =, who died Of peritOni-
tbs as the result of a severe beat
ing in a year-Old argument over
a toy wagOn-lOad Of kindling
wood. Police were expected to
arrest a 9-year-Old boy.
DETROIT, Aug. 81 GN.S0.
Toivo Heino, alias Nelson, %, OF
Fitchburg, Mass, faced arraign.
ment before United States Com.
missioner j. Stanley Hurd today
on charges Of robbing a jewelry
salesman Of $4,000 worth Of gems
near Kelso, Wash.
BANNING, Cal, Aug. FL
(I.N.SO.-Five C. 1. o. strikers
were badly injured here today
following q clash between zoo
pickets and deputy sheriffS.
The Washington times., 1937-08-21
MSMifAz67s
>" .:: :s:::.' SEMES

Published daily at 1917 H st.
N. W., washington, D. c.
Editor and Publisher.
Mrs. Eleanor Patterson
Associate Publisher.
William c. Shelton
Entered as second-class matter
Saturday, August 81, 1887, at the
Post office at washington. D. C.
The Washington Times will be
sent to any subscriber in the
United States. postpaid. at the
following rates:
] month. S so 6 months $3.50
8 months. 1875 year. .... 500