davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1937-11-06
Correlation OF the Arts to Be
Demonstrated by w. T. Benda
In Shouting His Masks.
CAPITAL ONCE HAD TO STRUGGLE FOR PLACE NATION

Dutch bankers, the Congress opened
its eyes and Its pockets and saved the
capital Of the United States for the
Americans. Development of the Len
FAINT plan by the few citizens of the
District was just impossible.
What the place looked like in 1906
is shown by the derisive remarks of
Charles w. Janson, an English
traveller.
Strangers after viewing the offices
Of state" he wrote, ARE apt to inquire
for the city while they are in its very
midst. Farm animals roam the thor
oughfares, and quail and other bird
are constantly shot within q hundred
yards of the Capitol during the sitting
of the houses of Congress"
Secretary of War John Armstrong
snorted at the idea of the British tax
ing time to pillage such q sheep
walk" in 1912, but the gentleman
made bad guess. The redcoats came
and burned the Capitol down about
the ears Of those who had not al
ready checked out" with the an
nouncement Of their coming. Instead
the District was such a sad looking
spectacle after the English had left
that efforts were made to move the
Capital to some other place
BY 1889 no progress had been made,
for according to George Combe, an
other English traveller. Washington
was % large, struggling village reared
in 4 drained swamp"
THREE years later the incompatible
Charles Dickens came to town
and Immediately dubbed Washington
the headquarters Of tobacco -tinctured
saliva"
1T is sometimes called the city of
magnificent distances" quoth Boz
but it might with greater propristy
Evening star., 1937-11-06
Established Here to Escape Confusion in Settled Com
munities, Resources Were Limited and Many
Visitors Were Caustic Critics.

George Washington to select him Cap
ital designer. The plan was based on
a series Of very wide avenues radiat-
ing spoke-like. from focal points where
Government buildings were to be To-
Gated. There was to be no place where
a troop of cavalry could not charge
into a square from nve different direc-
tions if necessary.
Accordingly his design called for 81
per cent of the total area of WASH
ington to be laid out in streets in
contrast to the approximate IS per
cent of Paris.
T 'ENFANT arrived here March 9,
1871, delighted with the unique
prospect of laying out the Capital of
Nation for whose freedom he him.
self had fought, and four days later
l9 Maryland and Virginia landowners
met together and signed on the dot
ted line deed Of conveyance giving
outright to the United States five
sevenths Of land in the 10-mile square
area selected. Maryland and Virginia
had already passed acts ceding juris-
diction to the Federal Government
But even after the design was COM
plete, 1t was more than 100 years be-
fore Washington became the city Of
beautiful memorials it now Is.
AS soon as the streets had been laid
OF, efforts to sell the land began
through private purchases and through
syndicate financed by the wealthy
Robert Morris. Bands were brought
Evening star., 1937-11-06
BLAKE'S ART SEEN
Great Masters Illustrations Made for
Book of Job Represented in
Studio House Exhibit.

the Book Of Job very accurately and
beautifully. Some of these are now
on display at Studio House, in the hall
way. serving as introductions to the
more elaborate originals in the gall
lery. The facsimiles give whole pages,
with illustrations, marginal embellish-
ments and text. The originals. on
the other hand, are practically all in
wash and tint, delicate blue and gray
predominating. Thus the full scope
of the artist as illustrator, craftsman
and painter is exemplified. Was bibli-
cal story ever more vividly set before
us in pictures?
Loan Exhibition OF the
Works of HOnOreDdumier
Opens in Philadelphia.
IN THE Philadelphia Museum Of Art,
Fairmont, Philadelphia. opened to-
day the first comprehensive one-man
exhibition of the works of Daumier
ever held in this country. To Wash
ingtonians this exhibition is of par
ticular interest inasmuch as acQuaint-
ance with Daumier's paintings has
ripened into friendship for us in this
city through contact with the dis
tinguished group to be seen for years
now in the Phillips Memorial Gallery.
This gallery, it will be remembered,
possesses the large canvas by Daumier,
THE Uprising" as we'll as six or more
outstanding little canvases, including
that of the Three Lawyers" typical
Evening star., 1937-11-06
The S. w. A. Announces
FOrty-Serenth Annual
In the CorcOrdn GALLERY.

Nevada as the citizens petitioned the
Legislature for permission to stage a
World Fair here In 1869. They were
turned down.
IN THAT same year another effort
was made to move the Capital else
where. This time 1t was to go to st.
Louis. Mo. In and out Of Congress
the plan was lobbied and popularized
by L. U. Reavis, = writer. predictions
being made by proponents that the
President would deliver his next mes
sage to Congress in the Missouri city.
1t was not until the prosperous day
following the turn Of the century
that Washington really blossomed
forth into the magnificent Capital its
design had intended. Under the
organic act of 1878, by which the
Federal Government agreed to meet
half the expenses of the city, building
proceeded apace and the incomplete
streets and avenues which Gov. Alex
ander Shepherd. the great municipal
patriot, had nearly bankrupted the
city in projecting, began to take form.
The results were so impressive that
a great English diplomat overfiowed In
his praise of q city which he felt Sec
ond only to Constantinople in beauty.
The other capitals of the world, ac-
cording to Lord James Bryce, British
Ambassador here in pre-war days,
might have their historic landmarks
of ancient vintage, but none of them
could match the wooded beauties Of
the parks and buildings here.
Evening star., 1937-11-06
Bulletin of Exhibitions

CORCORAN collections
sculpture paintings century; the
W. A. Clark Collection
echings exhibition
Joseph T. Pearson Stanley.
Edward c. Walker Collection.
NATIONAL MUSEUM, NATIONAL COILECTION-The w. T.
Evans Collection of American Geley Collection
and objets
Miniatures Herbert Ward Collection African sculpture
Industries Building Pictorial photographs by H. E. West.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DIVISION OF GRAPHIC ARTS
Exhibits illustrating graphic methods Special exhibition
etching by Joseph Marguies York
FREER GALLERY OF collection
Oriental
Paintings drawings Whistler
paintings by other
OF CONGRESS, DIVISION
NELL illustrations Illustrators
plication.
MEMORIAL GALLERY-Pemanen
by etchings
Malol Also
canvaSe by other well-known
HOUSE-Exhbion
members the American paintings
ARTS CLUB OF WASHINGTON Angelina
Rockport
of by
Korf-Solar Eclipse Expedition to South America.
HOWARD UNIVERSITY GALLERY of
of the American
LITTLE STREET-Drawngs oils
by
Evening star., 1937-11-06
By John Thomson.
HHE French Revolution and
/ riot of American Revolutionary
/ soldiers are largely responsible

TINE French Revolution and a
riot Of American Revolutionary
soldiers are largely responsible
= for Washington's tremendously
wide avenues and the famous me-
mortal circles that today are such a
traffic nuisance.
1t was in the summer of 1888 that
angry American soldiers raided the
session of the Continental Congress
in Philadelphia, demanding back pay.
The frightened legislators appealed to
the city council for protection, but
were refused, and fled in hasty confu-
sion to the safe, but none too ample,
walls of Princeton's Nassau Hall.
The incident decided Congress
against establishing the Capital of
the Nation in any of the then existing
cities. 1t would have to be set up on
spot over which Congress would have
complete jurisdiction and with COM
plete protection from such occurrences.
Five years later France rose in arms
against the tyranny of the Bourbons
and the ruling nobility. Mobs rosmed
and pillaged Paris, barricaded the mar
row, winding streets against the SOL
diery of the King.
1t was combination of these two
incidents that resulted in the plan of
the Capital drawn up by Maj. Pierre
Charles L'Enfant. the French Army
officer and architect, whose work on
the New York City Hall had Influenced
Evening star., 1937-11-06
Census by Tracks.
THE Biological Survey. reoui

THE Biological Survey, requiring in
formation from time to time on
the size of the wild-life population,
particularly the fur-bearing animals,
has two methods of taking census.
Some times from the air it is possible
to make quick and accurate estimates.
Usually, however, the count is taken
on the ground through following the
trails left in the snow.
Following the tracks-backward or
forward-leads the census taker to
dens or burrows. but this does not
reveal how many animals may be
living in a den. Further study of the
snow trails. however, yields such in
formation to an experienced observer.
Each animal in den has distinc-
tive footprint that varies from the
others in length. When the tracks
from den diverge trained observer
can quickly measure with his eye
or with scale-the various sets Of
footprints, and can then jot down an
accurate estimate of the number of
animals in the den and their approx
mate age groups. For uniformity the
animal-census takers usually use the
length Of the hind footprint in record->
ing the count.
Evening star., 1937-11-06

and enhancing work The exhibition
in Philadelphia includes about Is
works by Daumier, lent anonymously,
besides examples from the Metropoli-
tan Museum, New York: the Baltimore
Museum, the Maryland Institute, WAL
tiers Gallery, the Fogg Museum, Cleve-
land Museum and private owners. Sew
eral, it is said, have been lent by the
Louvre.
A great Daumier exhibition was held
in Paris last year, but some of the
paintings now on view in the Philadel-
phia exhibition were not shown then
Among the loans from Baltimore will
be found the six water colors in the
collection of the Walters Gallery,
which have lately been found in a
portfolio where they have lain unseen
for 40 years.
HonoreDaumier was illustrator,
painter, photographer. cartoonist, Carl
caturist. man of extraordinary gift
and determination. a great humani-
tartan, hating injustice and doing ev-
erything in his power to obliterate it.
Lawyers and the law courts held his
chief attention and became his most
famous subject, but the life of the
poor, not merely the lower, but the
lowest classes in Paris, is feelingly mir
rored in his drawings. He was keen
observer, his satire was biting, but he
seems never to have held up any one
to derision without just cause. Be-
hind his satire one feels his sense Of
beauty, hatred of sham and crime.
but mercy for the pretender and
criminal. He had, it has been truly
said. an absorbing love of humanity,
even when seen in its ugliest aspects.
In some of his drawings of women
and children there is a touching note
of tenderness. In all this Daumier's
work and attitude differ from those
who set forth vulgar subjects today.
Above all, Daumier was an artist.
Whatever medium he used, he used
well. His method was invariably di-
Evening star., 1937-11-06

in to play music in an attempt to
make the land sales as attractive as
possible. President Washington was
so afraid Congress would be dissatis-
fled with the place and change the
location of the Capital that he built
three houses at his own expense to
accommodate them.
Nevertheless, a gentleman named
John Law, whose father had bought
lots from the Norris -Greenleaf syn
dicate, wrote in 1921 of the city in
1896 that the largest part of the
beautiful avenue that connects the
principal public edifices together was
an impossible wilderness and the
streets were not distinguished by any
visible lines"
And yet" said Mrs. John Adams
when the Government moved in with
its entire force of 123 clerks in 1900,
"it is beautiful spot capable Of any
improvement, and the more view it,
the more am delighted with it."
THINGS looked promising for early
development of the seat Of the
Nation when her husband urged the
first session of Congress in the new
capital to consider it as the capital
of a great Nation" The Senate re-
piled that the legal power vested in
Congress over the District by the Con-
stitution "is one of great Importance
and we shall naturally be led to weigh
the attending circumstances and every
probable consequence of the measures
which may be proposed" Said the
House, "The District will not escape
our attention"
For IS years, however, Washington
managed to escape attention, and it
was only when in 1885 it seemed as
If large part of the capital Of
American would fall into the hands Of
Evening star., 1937-11-06

| ne never yielded to what he thought
was wrong. Perhaps it was this
Staunchness of character. as we'll as
gift of art. that endeared him to the
gentle painter Corot. who, in the
affluerce of his late life, gave Daumier
house in which to live
The great mass of Daumier's work
is in black and white, but he was a
grand painter and when he turned
for short time to sculpture his little
portraits were found to possess great
distinction. Born in Marseille, 1903.
son of glazier, he went to Paris, 1928,
and lived there until his death in 1879.
In acquainting us here with Dau-
miers works with such intimacy and
through such excellent examples. the
Phillips Memorial Gallery has laid us
under great obligation.
Art OF the Negro Shoun
In Current Exhibition
In Ho,0drd University Gallery.
IN THE Howard University Gallery
Of Art there was placed this week,
to continue to November Is, an exhi-
oition of the art of the American Ne
gro. This exhibition, assembled by
Alonzo j. Alden of the art department
of Howard University. is sponsored by
the Association for the Study Of Negro
Life and History. which has been
meeting in this city. The works of
about 25 artists are included, the
earliest Of whom died in 1872, while
among the latest are living con-
temporaries.
Most notable is a group of seven
paintings by Henry o. Tanner, who,
until his death during the past sum-
mer held high rank and international
fame. Two of these were lent by the
Red Cross, two by Hampton Institute,
two were privately loaned and one.
Return From the Crucifxion," was
purchased by subscription some
months ago for the Howard Univer-
sity permanent collection But Tan
ner was greater as an artist than any
Evening star., 1937-11-06

of these canvases was lead the visitor
to-Suppose. He had rare and deli
cate gift of perception and interpreta-
tion. He was first of all a painter of
religious subjects, to which he in
variably gave spiritual feeling. There
were no racial traits in his art: it
reflected the European art of his day
the art of all time-but it was with
out doubt individualistic. subtle. re-
fined. withdrawn. One of the most
interesting of his paintings now on
view Is OF lions head done as a
study for his painting of Daniel.
Somewhat similar in viewpoint and
method of technique are two portraits
painted by William Simpson before
1872, when he died, and one of a
woman. "Une Petite PariSienne," by
Annie E. Walker of this city, Who,
finding American art schools closed
to her, sought study abroad. and won
acclaim All three of these are in the
traditional manner, a bit timid but
remarkably successful so far as they
go. Between these and the works of
contemporaries there is a wide gap,
but no wider than that between past
and present prevailing styles. When
it is remembered that a great deal
of modern art is derived from study
Of the primitive art discovered in
Africa, it is not strange that
modernstic tendencies have found re-
sponsive echo in the current art of the
Negro. When art which is essentially
vulgar and savage-or at least primi-
tive-is held before the public by
those of wealth and power, and. sup
pOsedly, culture as extraordinarily
fine, why should not these people, who
in less than three quarters of CEN
tury have come up from slavery and
out Of ignorance, accept it as correct
and initiate it? There is plenty of
evidence of talent and intelligence in
the works now on exhibition at
Howard University, but it is submerged
by evident effort to keep up with the
extreme style. Better work by Negroes
has been shown in this same gallery
and under the auspices of the Harmon
oundation-paintings wings,
Evening star., 1937-11-06

rect, his utterance clear, but short
cuts were never carelessly taken. He
commanded his medium as we'll as
his thought.
For the greater part Of his life he
was employed by La Caricature, later
La Charivari, illustrating the evils,
political. social. economic, Of the day.
He suffered arrest and imprisonment.
The wonder is that he escaped with
his life. But he never lost courage,
Evening star., 1937-11-06

prints which were we'll done and with
more than touch of racial character
istic The trouble now seems to be
a straining toward the ultra which
literally smothers originality.
James A. Porter's portrait of q
Negro soldier seen against a red back
ground is exceptionally good. well
drawn. we'll modelled. Hilda Wilkin-
son Browns Still Life With Tulips"
is strong and yet subtlely rendered.
There are other commendable works.
The wood block prints by Woodruff.
Wells. and others are strong and bold
in execution but not really pleasing,
partly because Of subject, partly on
account OF sameneSs. Inherently the
Negro is artistic, but if this exhibition
may be taken as representative, he has
not yet mastered the language Of art.
and until he does he cannot find
adequate expression. In order to ex-
press himself and his racial instincts
he must first of all command his
medium. When he does he will un-
doubtedly make valuable contribution
To follow the old gods, or the new, will
be fruitless. He must think, feel and
speak for himself-but this he cannot
do without adequate technical train
ing and equipment.
Much praise must be given to the
upbuilding and conduct Of the depart
ment of fine arts at Howard Univer-
sity-to its head for many years,
James v. Herring. his assistant, Alonzo
J. Alden and capable staff Of teachers.
Correlation of the Arts to Be
Demonstrated by w. T. Benda
In Shouting His Masks.
w. T. BENDA, well-known illus
traitor. will demonstrate at the
first of the Washington Society of the
Fine Arts lectures for this season. held
in the auditorium of the Corcoran Gal
lery Of Art, next Thursday evening,
not only the use Of masks in dancing,
pantomime. etc. but the versatility
Of the artist He is. it seems one of
the talented few. During the World
War Mr.. Benda made posters for the
Government. He has also painted
Evening star., 1937-11-06

her artist-pupil, Ruth Baxter, Mildred
Kolb Schulze will furnish musical
accompaniment.
In sponsoring this demonstration,
the Washington Society Of the Fine
Arts is again testifying to its belief in
the correlation Of the arts, bringing
together at one time the arts of sculp-
ture. portraiture. acting. dancing and
music. 1t will be unique occasion.
Mr.. and Mrs. Benda will arrive in
Washington on Tuesday, after having
given similar demonstrations in the
art museums of Pittsburgh, Mime
apolis. Chicago. Springfield, ILL.,, and
Cleveland, Ohio.
In addition to his other accomplish
ments Mr.. Benda is said to speak four
languages fiuently and three after q
fashion,; to find delight in solving
geometrical problems and collecting
Chinese art. He Is, moreover, an
ardent horseman and an enthusiastic
traveller.
The S. w. A. Announces
FOrty-SeUenth Annual
In the Corc0ran Gallery.
THE Society of Washington Artists
has announced this week its 47th
annual exhibition, which will open in
the Corcoran Gallery of Art December
II. Works submitted for this exhibit
ton must be delivered at the New York
Imperial Valley press., 1937-09-22
TOOLS FOR CHILDREN
AT THE DETENTION HOME

E. A. Nance, county probation officer,
has asked the community for something
it should give gladly and wholehearted-
ly He wants carpenters tools for chill
dren at the county detention home, to
furnish them with wholesome, education
al activity.
With hammers, saws, planes and other
similar tools, many of the children at
the detention home may be taught a
trade or a hobby which will stand them
in good stead during their entire lives.
More than that, they will be given some
thing to occupy their time and minds,
keeping them away from thoughts of
mischief.
Anyone who has such tools not in use
can put them to good advantage by turn
ing them over to the probation depart
ment.
Imperial Valley press., 1937-09-22

sci and had won the Presidents complete con-
ndence by the time General Hugh Johnson left
NFSA Richberg helped write the MIRA and still
loves it passionately.
Richberg's outstanding achievements had to
do with NRA code-drafting and policy making.
He lost organized labor's friendship even before
his promotion.
The wolves were on Richoerg when the court
killed NRA Secretaries Perkins, Roper and
Ickes; MesSrs. Tugwell and Johnson many con-
servatives we'll nearly all the liberals, labor
and sections of Congress were after his scalp.
Tnd there is reason to believe that Roosevelt,
who himself caused his grand vizier to make too
many speeches grew tlred of seeing Richberg's
name in SO many headlines.
But Richberg today is very close to the
throne.
Out of office he has made educational
speeches critical of the Supreme Court, earned
plenty of money as a lawyer-lobbyist was a
"liaison man" with business men in the presl-
Dental campaign and apparently was one of
but three or four men who advised on the Roose-
vet Supreme Court plan which emerged last
February. Richberg wrote most of Roosevet's
message to Congress presenting that historic
proposal.
Frank Walker, successful New York lawyer
business man, stands out as the only New Deal
exponent of that passion for anonymity demand
ed by Roosevelt from the six new secretaries
he seeks. A politician who helped dish out
the original New Deal gravy, Walker is still a
mystery man to nearly everyone here.
Walker set up the National Emergency Coun-
Gil, with state offices, a New Deal two-Way
information agency at least partly designed to
make votes He bossed development OF the
Federal Housing Administration program And
after his second and last draft by Roosevelt he
worked like a dog through NEG in setting up
the S4 800 100000 works program information
service and machinery for applications for allo-
cations.
Walker worked patiently and painfully to get
the heads of federal agencies together and did
his best to conciliate such persons General
johnson, Secretary Perkins and Secretary Roper.
Some officials say Walker never got anywhere
because he was too cagey, cautious and easy
going, trying to avoid making enemies or fight
ing.