davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1937-12-26
COLDS ARE MYSTERY

which mount into scores Of millions
OF dollars.
Authority for these facts is the
United States Public Health Service
in Washington, where one learns that,
strange as it seems, nothing is known
definitely about the virus that brings
the most widespread Of all human
ailments.
On the basis of studies conducted
by the Public Health Service it is pos
slble to make the statement that, on
an average, each person in the United
States has at least one cold q year.
That means some folks may not have
any cold in a year, others may have
two or three. The calculation gives
an idea of the prevalence of colds 1t
is even greater than one might sus-
pect from the smiling and blowing
and coughing that go on.
Just what kind of bug or germ
or virus carries the cold from person
to person remains a mystery despite
a vast amount Of research. It is
known, however, that 1t is COM
municable and certain facts about
preventive treatment are available.
tOLDS, it Is explained. are melted
by bodily changes such as. for in
stance, severe exposure to wind and
weather, and not little susceptibility
to catching cold can be overcome by
judiciously and gradually increased
exposure to weather.
This hardening. health officials sug-
gest. should consist of regular exer-
else in all kinds of weather. How
ever. this regimen should be worked
up to gradually and on common
sense basis
Under ordinary circumstances wet
shoes and stockings allowed to dry
on the feet in the case of a person
not accustomed to such conditions
and not exercising vigorously, create
the risk of catching cold. But this
risk becomes slight in similar cir
cumstances in the case OF q person
who is used to wet feet or who
through physical activity keeps up q
vigorous circulation of blood through
the part of the body that otherwise
would be chilled by the drying Of
the article Of clothing on it.
In the opinion of these authorities
there probably is no better insurance
against colds for the average person.
tSee COLDS. Page C-5.)
Evening star., 1937-12-26
By Blanche Sytref
Mcknight.
nor all our visits from Santa,
4 our holly wreaths, spicy plum
puddings and evergreens gleam-

- our holly wreaths, spicy plum
i puddings and evergreens gleam-
ing with ornaments, the true
spirit of Christmas lies in the bells.
England may have her Yule log,
France her candles for Noel, and in
Holland wooden shoes may wait for
the coming of Kris Kringle. but from
one end of the world to the other.
wherever Christmas is celebrated, the
bells will ring.
In America, whose very existence
is wrapped up in priceless Liberty
Bell, chimes have long been a popular
form of music, and in the last decade
carillons have sprung up as good will
gifts and memorials.
The music of the bells is the most
democratic in the world. 1t isn't like
the music you hear at concerts. It
isn't the sort of music you can hear
only when you have the price of q
ticket Their musical messages Of
beauty, sweetness, tenderness, cheer
fulness and even hope and faith are
not closed within the walls and doors
of an auditorium. but are flung across
cities and countryside, mountain tops
and valley depths, and are heard by
rich and poor, high and low alike.
There has always been something
stirring about bells, particularly at
Christmas time. and what could be
more fitting, expressing an exultation
Evening star., 1937-12-26

told Seward. IF my name ever goes
into history it will be for this act.
and my whole soul is in it. If my
hand trembles when I sign, all who
examine the document hereafter will
say He hesitated.'
The President then aff1xed his sig
nature to the paper and wrote firmly
and steadily. An examination OF the
document today. in the archives at
Washington. reveals plainly that Lin
coin did not hesitate!''
FROM the precise instruments Of
the Naval Observatory in WASH
ington and through the great Airing
ton radio towers. America and much
of the world will learn the exact in
slant when the old year has passed
and 1888 has taken the stage And
it is from another haunt of science
in the Capital, the National Geo
Evening star., 1937-12-26

graphic Society, that one learns when
and where the new year begins.
The United States, accustomed to
ranking itself pretty highly in the
estimation Of the world, has to content
itself with being about sixth rate in
the eyes of Father Time, the society
points out. He serves his new year
to Australia, Asia, Africa, Europe and
most Of South America before he gets
around to the first OF our citizens in
Maine. Then for three more hours
the people of California must MUNICH
the crusts and pick the bones of the
old year before they receive a fresh
helping of time: and the residents OF
Alaska must wait two hours more.
While We sit impatiently on our
Westernmost continent, watching
Father Time helping the platters OF
the rest of the world We can ge,
some slight solace from the posses
Evening star., 1937-12-26

sions of overseas territories. Through
them we have q few representatives
at least who can sit in at the early
tables on New Year Day. Guam, for
instance, has its new year as early Is
Eastern Australia.
When the new year I. born 1t will
be am, Decembe: 81, in our East
ern cities, 8 am. in the central time
zone, am. in the mountain zone
and 4 am. in the Pacific Coast States.
WHILE the New Year celebrations
w in all countries are basically
similar, there are many interesting
variations and special features.
For example, in Great Britain the
Kings honor list provides = large topic
of conversation on New Year Day. The
wassail bowl Is an important part Of
the New Year observance in England; |;
and "open house" is generally kept in
town Is well as country.
In Scotland. New Year Day is said
to transcend Christmas as the most
important festival Of the year. Two
old customs. those Of first footing"
and "hogmanay," still are preserved
and widely followed. First footing"
is midnight custom of New Year
Eve. The person who first, after the
stroke of the new year, sets foot inside
the house Of a friend remains the
guest throughout the day and is the
privileged friend throughout the year.
"Hogmanay" also Is a New Year Eve
custom in which Scotland's children
60 from house to house singing:
"Hogmanay. Trollalay.
Gie's your white bread,
And non o. your gray"
In response. the townsfolk give the
children small oaten cakes, much IA
vored.
In France and Germany the holi-
day Is marked by fevtivities resembling
those OF this country, and the great
cities, such as Paris and Berlin, take
on a carnival atmosphere on the eve
OF the new year. Poland. Ljthuania
and Czechoslovakia mark the New
Year with round Of calls by the peo-
pie and onicial receptions. In these
countries tables are piled high with
both food and drink and vast quanti-
ties OF both are consumed on the eve
OF the new year as we'll as on New
Year Day. Gifts, too. are exchanged.
A gold coin is baked in a large cake
cake by New Year celebrants in Greece.
On New Year morning the cake is cut
into as many slices as there are men,
bers OF the family and the one receiv-
ing the coin is considered to have much
good luck in store for him.
Huge bonf1res are built by the peas
ants OF Bulgaria as New Year greet
ings to their friends in nearby villages.
1t is on this day also that the King
announces army promotions. He also
holds State banquet to which cabinet
and army officials are invited. Carol
singing likewise Is an important fea-
Evening star., 1937-12-26

the clappers are brought against the
bells by means Of levers, and a sys-
tenn of counter balanced transmission
bars.
This majestic instrument is played
by skilled musician, called a caril-
lonneur, and sitting before keyboard
or clavier he uses, as does an organist,
both hands and feet, sometimes
sounding 6 or 7 notes at one time. The
keys are arranged in sharps and flats
like those of a piano, except that the
individual keys are oak pegs about
three-fourths of an inch wide and
spaced farther apart Each key Is con-
nected with its bell by an amazing
number TO rods and wires, which move
the spring balanced clapper inside.
Unfortunately, there are not many
masters of this musical instrument in
America. 1t is not an easy instru-
ment to learn, and the player needs to
be of strong, robust constitution.
Notwithstanding the difficulties en-
countered, many musicians in this
country and other parts Of the world
are pursuing the study of the carlton
with diligence.
In q well-attuned carlton not only
must every bell be in tune with itself.
but 1t must be in tune with all its
associated bells. The process of tun-
ing . bell is a complicated, scientific
and costly one. but strictly speaking
means that in every properly made
bell there are five distinct tones. which
must be brought into perfect accord.
IN ALL centuries. and countries, for
all classes, creeds and cultures,
bells have had a part in the lives
of the people. Like the mariners
compass, and gunpowder. bells seems
to have been known in the East be-
fore they penetrated to Europe. Abor-
iginal people used bells as ornaments
and set bells "a-jingle" in dances
and incantations.
Moses and Isaiah mention the use
of bells As anklets on the feet of
women. yokes for horses and in temple
ceremonies. Small bells were the first
made and they performed multitude
a uses. The Greeks festooned thar
Evening star., 1937-12-26
By Herbert H0llander.

y
- AGERLY and hopefully, the
- world this week will greet the
AZ new year and turn its back
rc - on 1887.
-u. The worlds eagerness and its hope
asfulness in welcoming the coming of
another year is traditional for in all
!. ages men of all races and creeds have
~ seen in the change itself an augur
tseof better and brighter times.
For countless generations, the New
'F'Y Year season has been an admixture
'dof gaiety and solemnity: an occasion
70 OF glowing prophecy and grave stock
q taking; time for resolutions, both
humorous and serious.
But whatever humankind will do
:" at this season is hallowed by the most
ancient traditions and customs.
With but few variations, the worlds
- greeting to New Year, 1888, will fol-
low pattern set long, long ago.
: IT is only in relatively recent times
that the new year has been ushereo
IN on January l. This holiday has
been a movable one, and various races
have marked it at various seasons
The ancient Persians and Egyptians
celebrated New Year September o.
at the autumnal equinox, while the
: Greeks did so at the winter solstice
December 2l. The vernal equinox
March %, marked the beginning OF
the year of the Jews.
Pope Gregory. in 1882, instituted the
% Gregorian calendar During the
Middle Ages Europe had observed
New Year on March 25, but with the
81 advent of Gregory's system the day
adopted for the beginning of new
tWelvemonth was January l. Some
countries did not adopt the change at
ONE, but the Christian world accepted
1t generally in 1852, when the British
Parliament finally established New
Year Day as January l.
New Year customs always have had
.t. joyful theme. Few tears ever mark
the death of the old year, but there
always is gladness at the advent OF
new era which man feels is to prove
- bCtICl llldll Cllc OIlS.
No New Year tale is complete with
out mention of Numa Pompilius, to
whom is ascribed the addition of two
months to the year, one of which was
Janaurius, honoring the two-faced
god Janus Janus, represented by the
Romans as looking backward as we'll
as forward, was regarded as the ideal
parsonage for the opening month of
the year, standing firmly implanted
in a middle position, with one pair
of eyes to that which has gone be-
fore and another pair peering into the
future
''Lewd Orgies" is the way one writer
describes the early festivals of the
Romans, and the German celebrations
of the time also were notable for their
largess in the way of food and drink.
There was much public gorging, a deal
OF drunkenness, and singing always
was an impressive feature Of the day.
MANY Qaint customs cling about
New Year. In those early years,
for example, superstitious persons,
sword-equipped, repaired to their
rooftops to see what of good and evil
was coming their way during the new
year. Others, it is said, knelt down
Il at a crossroad on cowhide to listen
= for oracles. Our custom of decorating
: our homes with laurel and evergreens
!! Is remnant of the old Roman prac-
tice Of presenting branches of trees
Evening star., 1937-12-26
ture of the Bulgarian celebration of

ture of the Bulgarian celebration of
New Year.
Travelling northward to Sweden, one
notes that an ancient custom, still
preserved. Is that Of high officials Of
the government inscribing their names
in huge book at the palace Of the
King. This appears to be in lieu of
an official reception. In this North
ern land it is the custom also to drive
to church in sligtps very early on New
Year morning. Torches are carried to
light the way.
And far to the east, in Japan and
China, ancient customs still prevail in
the New Year celebrations. In Japan
particularly it is time of cleansing
and renovation, of replacement of
broken household articles, and of feast
ing. There are religious services,
Evening star., 1937-12-26

triumphal cars with bells. the Romans
called citizens to the Senate forum,
the market place and the bath. and
later bells called the early Christians
to worship.
Down through the ages bells have
been ringing, sunmoning, command
ing and rejoicing. In the Middle Ages.
when there were no clocks or news
papers, they called the people to
arise and open their shops. made
holidays happy for young and old.
warned the traveller on the outskirts
of the village when the gates of the
town were closing for the night, guided
the "way-wildered" traveller, adrift at
night on sea and land, to safety, and
sounded alarm in times of danger.
From childhood to old age, their ring
Ing became associated with every
event, and. therefore, it is not sur
prising that credulous people should
soon have come to look upon their
bells as possessing supernatural DOW
ers. So the custom arose of blessing
the more important bells to Cleanse
them "of evil spirits"
NOWHERE in the world is the
history, the music, the poetry
Of bells so wrought into the very
fabric Of the peoples lives Is in
Belgium and Holland, and it Is to
these countries the honor goes Of
having first understood and felt bells
as musical notes and devised that
colossal musical instrument, the
carlton.
This devotion to bells was demon
strated on that fateful day in
August, 1914, when the bell-ringer
Of Antwerp sat in his tower with .
breaking heart, and played the
national airs, to the steady tramp.
tramp of the soldiers feet in the
street below, as they marched away to
meet the incoming enemy. When the
city was taken and pillaged, he was
still in his tower, playing. He es-
caped. and five years later when
President Woodrow Wilson visited
Antwerp, he was back In his tower.
And how b. did make tho bells ring.
Evening star., 1937-12-26
By Mary Jane Moore.

~ NE hundred and twenty-five
million colds year,
That is the annual crop
~ In the United States alone
enough sniff1es, sneezes, coughs and
raw throats to entitle every citizen
Of the land to an enforced four days
vacation!
The by-product is not only physical
unpleasantness, which frequently leads
to serious illness, but economic losses
Evening star., 1937-12-26

n AGERLY and hopefully, the
~ world this week will greet the
new year and turn its back
- on 1887,
Evening star., 1937-12-26

tSee COLDS. Page C-5.)
The Washington times., 1937-10-14
Church Farley Bans
Women Delegates

LYNN Mass, Oct IA NS) )-Under strong oraorical
proddng by Rt Rev. Msgr A. Alfred La Lbee Central Falls
L. 300 delegates the fourteenth of Union
St. Jean Bapste DAmerque today had the conclusion
that loo women DELEGATES should not be there.
The Washington times., 1937-10-14
Ford UniOnist
Fires On Rivals

KANSAS CITY, Oct. IA QN.S.)
David Rennison, member Of the
recently formed independent Ford
union at the plant, yesterday fired
a sohtgun twice into a car in
which were riding four men whom
he asserted had attempted to in
timidate him into joining the U. A.
w. None was injured.
The lockout and picketing which
closed the Ford plant yesterday
continued today. Along with this
incident came reports that the
Ford assembly plant here might be
closed permanently and Kansas
City's three-million-dollar annual
pay roll shifted to st. Louis. No
officials of the plant here could be
reached today,
The Washington times., 1937-10-14
TRAFFIC JUDGE
ASKED FOR D. C.

District Commissioners were
weighing a suggestion today that
they appoint a long-term traffic
court Judge who would handle
only traffic offenses, thus concen-
trating traffic cases in one spot
and relieving police court judges
of a heavy burden.
George E. Keneipp, manager Of
the Keystone Automobile Club,
sponsored the proposal.
A traffic judge appointed for
10 years or comparable tenure
would be free to impose penalties
without fear of political retalia-
tion, it was pointed out by the
club manager. His suggestion was
made at yesterdays monthly con.
ference of police, prosecution and
traffic officers on WaShington's S
traffic problems.
Corporation Counsel ElWood Seal
disagreed with suggestion by
Traffic Director William A. Van
Duzer that policemen be given the
right to stop motorists at random
to examine their driving permits.
Col. Lawrence c. Crawford, u.
S. A., retired, appearing for the
traffic committee of the Board Of
Trade, criticised members of the
police force for what he character
lied dereliction in failing to pro-
tect pedestrians at downtown
street intersections.
Creation of a traffic safety com.
mission and of an accident preven.
ton bureau in the Police Depart
ment was urged by Washington I.
Cleveland of the District Motor
Club of the A. A. A.
The Washington times., 1937-10-14

Saved His Faithless Queen from the
Pitiless Witch Doctors. Why the
African King Didn't Behead His Err
ing Wife but Asked the English Judge
to Punish Hen. An Illustrated Feature
in The American Weekly, with Sum
days Washington Herald.TimeS.
The Washington times., 1937-10-14
MD. SORORITY d
DANCES FRIDAY

COLLEGE PARK, Md, Oct. IA.
The final subscription dance spon'
sored by any Greek letter organ
ization at the University Of Mary
land will be held Friday, from 9
to 1890 p. m, in the Gym-Armory
under auspices of Alpha omicron
Pi Sorority.
Members of the sorority chapter
supervising arrangements are So
phia Hoenes, social chairman:
Louise Tucker, assistant social
chairman; Muriel James, preSl-
dent, and Dorothy Hobbs, vice
president.
A recent university ruling, which
goes into effect next week, pro
hibits fraternities and sororities
from sponsoring dances at which
an admission is charged.
The Washington times., 1937-10-14
Beats Fog
Simple DeUice Means
Safety for Ships

BOSTON, Oct. IA G.N.S0.
Hold it, please!
John Hays Hammond, jr., Glou-
cester millionaire and inventor,
came out of a fog-a real one-to-
day and announced successful
adaptation of one of the simplest
accessories of Photographic art to
the battle against mans dread en-
emy, fog.
Result-every vessel, large or
small, as long as it has an electric
lighting circuit, can be its own
lighthouse, warning other vessels
of it's presence with flashes as bril-
liant as the largest and most pow
erful beacons.
An ordinary 25-cent photo-flood-
light bulb-the kind used by ana.
teur photographers-can be used
as a beacon light on any vessel,
and the dazzling rays will pene-
trate the densest mist for a quar-
ter of a mile, according to Ham
mond, who spent four months in
fogS of Labrador and Nova Scotia
conducting his experiments.
The same principle, he said, is
adaptable for use on much larger
scale as a signal beacon for light.
houses to give them greater power.
The Washington times., 1937-10-14
Charges Nazi Cash
Lures US. Teachers

BOSTON, Oct. IA G.NSO.-The
German government is spending
$2,500,00O annually in the United
States for dissemination of Nazi
propaganda, John L. Spivak, for
mer newspaper correspondent in
Berlin, today told a special legisla-
tive commission probing so-called
subversive organizations.
In addition, he said, the Hitler
government is giving free tours to
Germany to professors in mid
western colleges in order that they
may act as "apologiSts" for Nazi
activities when they return home.
Spivak charged Nazi organizations
all over the United States had
aligned themselves with the Ku
KluX Klan.
The Washington times., 1937-10-14
ADVERTISEMENT
No One Ever Kissed
Her Good Night

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Bad breath is death to romance. And
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ormostskin blemishes aggravated byit!
DR.. F. M. Edwards, during his years
Of practice, treated hundreds of women
for constipation and frequently noted
that relief sweetened the breath and
improved well-being and vitality. For
his treatment he used vegetable COM
pound-Dr. Edwards Olive Tablets.
This laxative is gentle, yet very effec-
tive, because it increases the bile flow
without shocking the intestinal system.
Help guard against constipation.
Use DR.. Edwards Olive Tablets. At
all druggists, 15t, 30t and COZ.
*Your liver secretes from 20 to 80 ounces Of
bile every day to aid in the digestion Of fats and
stimulate the muscular action Of the intestinal
system. DR.. Edwards Olive Tablets, besides
helping to keep you regular, contain special
ingredient which definitely assists the bile now.
That is one reason why Olive Tablets have
unsurpassed efectivenesSs
The Washington times., 1937-10-14
MERR|CK QUITS
TRAFFIC CASES

HYATTSVILLE, Md, Oct. IA.
Complying with instructions re-
ceived today from Attorney Cen
eral Herbert r. O'Conor, Judge
George B. Merrick. Of the Prince
Georges county magistrate court,
announced he will discontinue
trial of traffic cases in that court.
Judge Merrick today turned
over to various justices aof the
peace traffic cases for trial and
said that he would assign the re-
mainder of such cases as they
come up for hearing.
The Attorney Generals decision
was reached following conferences
with States Attorney Alan Bowie
regarding the effect upon con.
stitutionality Of the county court
Of a decision handed down by the
court of appeals on September 16.
The county court will continue
to try all criminal cases in which
the justices of the peace will act
only as committing magistrates.
The Washington times., 1937-10-14
Off to WiIds
Explorer to DeLUe
Into Peru Jungle

PHILADELPHIA, Oct. IA
Los Angeles engineer supervised
packing of TOO tons Of equipment
obtained here and with which he,
in company with six others, hopes
to explore a country "still filled
with wild Indians, strange beasts
and lots of malaria"
Before Earl D. Van Meter sailed
from pier SO, south, aboard the
British freighter Swinburne, he
told Of the proposed trip to the
heart of the Peru jungle. The
Swinburne, he said, will go to
Para, Brazil, where it will be met
by small boats, which will take
the equipment to the wild country
of Rio Pachitea.
The Washington times., 1937-10-14
ST. John Auxiliary
To Give Pageant

Plans have been completed by
the District auxiliary Of the
Knights of st. John for a pageant
and reception to be given on Mon
day evening at the Lincoln Colon
made.
Miss Addie Marshall IS general
chairman of the committee on ar
rangements which includes Mrs.
Geneva Tippett, district president;
Miss Louise Middleton, secretary:
Mrs. Ella Dent, Mrs. Lizzie Wells,
Mrs. Ella Watkins, Mrs, Marie
willis, Mrs. Rebecca Thomas and
Mrs. Violet McKenny.