davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana labor news., 1937-01-14
DIALOGUES ON LABOR SUBJECTS AID
IN UNDERSTANDING WORKERS PROBLEMS
(HILDREN'5 CORNER
POOR CHILDREN PLAY
RELIEF

81 wanna be the case worker" said
a little girl of 7.
mo, femme play case worker and
you be the nurse" said her 8-year-
old companion.
"And I wanna be the mailman
bringing the check to mamma"
shouted a boy of 6, evidently not
wanting to be left out of the game.
They are about to play the game
"of relief" These youngsters and
others are part of a play group at
Chicago Commons, noted settlement
house in Chicago.
But the youngsters do not get a
chance to play the game. They are
noticed by a supervisor. She rounds
them up, gets them interested in the
Treasure Island game, and soon
the tots are all excited as they go
about looking for the hidden treas
ure.
Many Chicago children living in
the neighborhoods where the relief
worker is a familiar figure play ire
lief" now, turning misfortune into
fun as only children cam" says Miss
Lea D. Taylor, head resident of Chi
cage Commons.
"Most of the children of nursery
and school age with whom we come
in daily contact are all too aware OF
family troubles. Nothing is kept
from them. Homes are usually small
and crowded and the youngsters
must share in all the desperate wor-
ries which results from poverty and
unemployment.
Relief has become such a part
of these children's lives that it is
little wonder they make a game OF
it. They don't have a chance to see
anything else. The danger lies in
their becoming warped; of facing life
morbid and bitter because they
missed the normal pleasures of child
hood.
ITO correct this situation super
visors at Chicago Commons try to
divert the youngsters into playing
games of a more normal Cd nature
Instead of playing relief and imi-
tating the case worker, the visiting
nurse or papa out of work, the
youngsters at Chicago Commons now
play house" or store or Treasure
Island" or any of the other frolic-
some games that a child in a norma.
home would play"
Instead of trying to eliminate a sit
uation in which poverty and hard
ship are the normal lot of million:
of children, and playing relief the
normal expression of their everyday
life, our society remedies the situa-
ton by trying to divert the minds
of the children away from their or
| binary existence.
Montana labor news., 1937-01-14
Green Recommends "Skits" Pub
lished by Workers Education
Bureau Covering Social Secur-
ity, Occupational Diseases,
Workmen's Compensation and
Allied REPRESENTATION of
Unions with Bureau Urged.
BY A. E. of L. News Service

by Il Il vi ~ 1NtWO OCt fttt
WASHINGTON, d. C.-Affiliation
of State F~ederations of Labor and
local central bodies with the Work
ers' Education Bureau of the Ameri-
can Federation of Labor was strong
ly urged in a letter released to the
organizations concerned by William
Green, president of the A. F. of L.
1t was pointed out that the 1886
convention at Tampa approved of a
special charge to State F%ederations
Of Labor and central bodies that de-
sire to affiliate with the Bureau. The
service charge for the coming year
for material from the research di-
vision, as well as for the Bureaus
news service and Quarterly, is set at
So a month, payable quarterly.
A large number of affiliation fees
will enable the Bureau, under this
arrangement, to give much more
service, President Green stated. For
the year 1887, he added 1--WE espe-
cially need an educational program
like the one contemplated by the
Bureau"
Scope of Educational Assistance
The years of experience of the
Workers Education Bureau in help
ing the labor movement to develop
education of, by and for workers.
have shown the need of educational
material that could be carried di-
rectly into the unions, it was ex-
planned. Existing educational insti-
buttons have been urged to cooper
ate with labor in such education,
with notable success in many places.
'But our experience shows" says
President Green, chat in this, too,
the Bureau must point the way"
Giving further details of the work
accomplished and contemplated,
President Green stated:
Recently the research division of
the Bureau, here in Washington, in
collaboration with certain local I'M
ions, has been preparing material
for union use. The first material to
be published comprises seven skits
or dialogues on Social Security, three
Of which you may have seen. From
all over the country the Bureau is
receiving requests for this material,
and reports of its usefulness to union
members for grasping the basic
principles of social security and the
essentials to work for in their state
law and its administration.
Constant Flow of New Material
"The Workers Education Bureau
has also prepared other material, in
collaboration with unions. 1t has
completed explanations in dialogue
form on the union label, workmen's
compensation, occupational diseases,
and wage negotiations, and is pre-
pairing material that will be useful
to unions in organizing and in in
sisting on labor's legal rights. It's
working plans for next year con-
template material in dialogue or
other form that can be presented
by the members themselves in their
union meetings. The Bureau expects
to be able to provide enough new
material of this sort upon subjects
suggested by unions for every two
weeks throughout the year. 1t hopes
also to service unions upon request
with special information to follow
up the material which II sends out"
Montana labor news., 1937-01-14
u. A. w. A. STRIKE Al
A OF GENERAL
EMPIRE

FLINT, Mich.-(FP)-Auto bar
ons, their mouths watering at the
thought of record 1887
profits, will have to give their work
ers a slice of the pie. Or there won't
be any pie.
Tired of speedup, espionage, dis
elimination and low pay, autowork-
ers, newly become union-conscious,
launched an offensive at Flint, heart
Of the General Motors empire. With
Fisher Body plants already shut
down at Atlanta, Kansas City and
Cleveland, the United Automobile
Workers of America were making
good the word of their president,
Homer Martin, who had warned, a
couple of days earlier:
I'VE mean business. This issue
cannot be settled locally. Settlement
must be on a national basis"
Sitdowns at Flint Plant No. 2,
quickly followed by similar action
at No. l, lent emphasis to Martins
letter, the fourth of its kind, to G..
MS executive vice-president, Will
liam S. Knudsen, asking a general
wage conference. Attempts to deal
with local plant superintendent, de-
void of authority, had proved fruit
less, he pointed out.
The Flint tieup, quickly felt at
Chevrolet and Buick plants in the
city and by Cadillac, Pontiac and
Oldsmobile in other auto centers,
came at the end of the old year and
shortly before a scheduled national
union conference at Flint to plan
strategy for complete organization
of G. M, announced goal of the Com
mittee for Industrial Organization.
Immediate cause of the Flint sit
downs was the firing of inspectors
who belonged to the union.
With the two big body plants
closed down, and work halted OF
threatened on various assembly lines
the prize principally in the DUPONT
empire was virtually strike-bound
Scores of accessory companies were
also affected, as orders were stopped
or scaled down for tires, batteries
radios, hardware, light bulbs, safety
glass, speedometers, panel equip.
ment, oil filters and other equip.
ment.
At Cleveland, as Fisher Body
workers dug in, Vice-Pres. Wynd
ham Mortimer of the auto unior
called it a showdown. Proposals BY
Mayor Harold H. Burton for purely
local negotiations were rejected.
At Jackson, Walker Michigan Co
sitters were driven out by the police
Standard Cotton Products Co. work
ers at Flint sat down, demanding 20
) an hour increase. Bohn Aluminium
& Brass workers at Detroit were de
handing a Csc minimum for womel
and 75c for men. Kelsey-Haye
Wheel, who settled in Detroit, wa
5 obliged to make the settlement eff
t fective for Windsor, across the Cana
dian line. At Akron, Goodyea
executives clustered they would pro
5 duce fewer tires. At Toledo, Libbey
Owens-Ford pulled furnace fires il
r prospect of a long shutdown in glass
In short, the big showdown in
big industry with many feeder in
: dustries was under way.
Montana labor news., 1937-01-14

AUSTIN, Tex.-(FP)-A steam
shovel crushed off the leg of Ed
ward Daugherty, %. Like other
workers at the government-financed
Buchanan dam, where industrial cas-
ualties take a weekly toll, he will
receive no compensation, not even
payment of medical fees.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH Rev. Russell F. Pederson, Pastor

1O:30 a. m. Morning Worship: "The Memorial in the Christian Church.. The Sacrament of the Lords Supper will be administered in this service.
 12 noon Bible School: God the Creator, study Genesis II to 2:25.
 7:3O D. m. Evening Worship: Christian Conference"
 Wednesday, 7:3O p. m. Prayer meeting in the Church Parlor
 John 2O:3O, 31 And many other signs truly did Jesus in the pres ence of his disciples, which are not written in this book: But these are written, that ye might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believeing might have life through his name"
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02
JUNEAU SELECTS TEACHERS

Juneau-At a meeting of the Ju- neu School Board all teachers in the Juneau grade and high school were reelected for the next school year. <. ?. Phillips was reelected city su- perintendent. A. S. Dunham was re elected principal of the high school and T. F. Dryden reelected principal of the Grade school.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02
ALASKA IS WAsHINGTON's
 VERY BEST CUSTOMER

Seattle - Washington's 1886 ex- ports to Alaska and foreign countries totalled s61,990.964. or twenty per cent more than exports of the pre- viou year. Imports were $37.262.- 526.
 AIaska was the States best GUS toner, buying $35,124554 worth cf products from Washington in 1886. Japan was second best customer with $14,0O0,000.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02

All this argument over packing and "unpacking' the Supreme Court ought to lead somebody to suggest that a zipper would make things more convenient-Cincinnat- ii Enquirer.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02
FOR SALE

By owners. Motorship SILVER WAVE. Built Seattle 1925. length 59 1t. in., beam IS 1t. 3 ina depth 10 it. in, net tons 69. engine 100 H. p. c. o. Diesel re- gently completely oyerhauled. ready for service, ideal boat for fishing industry or general cargo. Terms pr charter to responsible party. Price reduced to $12,500. Can be inspected at Lake Union. Seattle. Write for further infor- nation.
 Lomen Commercial Co.,.
 COlman Bldg, Seattle
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02

Oar Smith arrived on the Prin- cess Norah Monday morning after having spent the winter in Seattle He is now engaged with E. Reid and Jack Wilson in preparing the river boats for their summer season. Oar reports that his sisters who visited him here last summer will not re- turn this year as they are attend ing business college.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02
ST. PHILIPS EPISCOPAL CHURCH
 Arnold Krone

The First Sunday After Easter.
 10:3O a. m. Morning Prayer aud Sermon. "The Grace of Jesus Christ
 11:3O a. m. Church School and Adult Bible Class.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02

Tn, sday-7:3O p. m. Public Ser vice
 Friday-3 30 D. n. Band of love.
 Sunday-l0:OO a. m. Holiness meeting. 800 D. n. Su n d y School. 7:S0 p. n. Salvation meet ing.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02
CATHOLIC CHURCH

April 4. The First Sunday after Easter.
 7:30 a. m. Communion Mass.
 10 a. m. Parish Mass Sunday School.
 D. m. Rosary and Benediction. Monday. Annunciation of the Jles sed Virgin Mary.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02

Rummage Sale, 2 D. m. Saturday April 3rd at the Salvation Army Hall.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02

Charles Hawkesworth, assistant 10 the Director, in the office of Indian Affairs in Juneau, arrived Monday on the Alaska and is spending the week in conferences in Wrangell.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02

Jack Wilson, whose lease at Jen- kins Cafe expired the last of March, is again with the Harrington Trans portation Company.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02
GILLNETTERs NOTICE

Gillnetter meeting A. N. B. Hail D. m. Sunday April 4th. All mem bers please attend
 Richard Karnerva,
 Secretary.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02
Local Items

A. B. Johnson and Grover Foster arrived this week to resume their work with the Wrangell Packing Company.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02

The Gunderson family arrived from Seattle on their boat the Alas kan yesterday afternoon after q fast trip up. George Case was a pa3sen- ger on the boat. The trip was made Up in 82 hours with a tow.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02

Returning from a winter spent in and around Seattle, A. Anderson ar rived on the North Sea, Monday ali ternoon. Mir Anderson, who has cooked for the Diamond K Packing Company for a number of years, op- ened the mess house on April l.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02

pr. Floyd B. Gillespie, well-known physician and surgeon of Fairbanks, accompanied by Mrs. Gillespie and daughter, called on Dr. and Mrs. Scruby and Dr. Clements while the Alaska was in port Monday. The Gil- lespies were returning from a visit to the states that began last Novem- Der and that included for pr. Giles pie some wrok at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. They plan ned to fly from Juneau to Fair banks, the trip out last fall having been made by plane between the two cities.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02

The Presbytery of Alaska will con- vene in Juneau for their spring ses- sion on April 7th until 18th accord. ing to word received by Rev. Peder- son. He plans on leaving for tue meeting on the Monday boat.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02

Arriving at S:OO p. m. Monday, the M S North Sea brought the fol- lowing passengers for Wrangell: Grover c. Coffin, J. E. Weaver. Wm. Norrie, Melvin Ross, Laurence Fra ser, James Nolan, MT. James Nolan, J. w. Cline, J. F. Dryer, B. F. Kane, and Chet Lloyd. Those taking pass age from Wrangell were: A. Bum for Sitka and Jennie Kanook Ade- laide, and Ella Jackson for Juneau
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02

E. J. Lindsley and o. D. Ltnds- ley, brothers of Oscar Lindsley ar rived from Seattle Tuesday with their recently purchased boat Ruth NJ, five ton boat, powered with q twelve horse gas engine They intend to fish salmon later in the season.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02

Tom Fuiita left on the Victoria for Seattle where he will meet his two daughters who recently arrived from Japan. They will all return to Wrangell soon.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02
At the Churches

THE SALVATION ARMY P~!sadier and Mrs. Carruthers
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02

Word has been received of tht marriage of Miss Nellie Bakke anC Corey Strand on March IS, in Sitka
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02

FOR SALE-Rowboat good condi- tion, $2O Also tent and stove, $15. Inquire Sentinel.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02

MT. and Mrs. Waino Perttunen ar rived in Wrangell this week on a small boat from Astoria, Oregon During their stay here they are wis iting with Mr. and Mrs. John Arola. Mrs. Perttunen was formerly Ms John Prusi
The Wrangell sentinel., 1937-04-02

Since the Red Cross Roll Call was printed in the Sentinel last week the following names have been added: Brig W. J. Carruthers, Mrs. Car. ruthers, F. s. Barnes, and from To- keen; Frank Hurdy and s. Pearson.
 The S. s. Alaska arrived from the south Monday afternoon at 3:3O with the following passengers for Wrangell: A. Anderson, Mrs. L. A. Bender, L. A. Bender. Grover Eos ter, Tony Hernandez, A. B. John son, Jane Moore, Jean Pablo, and J. J. Zover. The following booked passage for Juneau: Miss E. M. Nor ris and MT. Chamberlain.
 The Alaska left Seattle with 219 cabin passengers and 83 steerage.
La gaceta., 1937-12-23

Aqui, en- ell PATIO ESPANOL, Sc agrega al
placer de la buena comida I'm excelente servicio
a cargo de competentes y amables camareros.
La Fuente Luminosa, las columns esbeltas.
los BALCONIES, la luna reflejada en- las baldosas del
Patio -.,--- producer la emocion ~artistica Y ell an
hello romantico.
FL aver y ell hoy en- conjunction de arte.
La vida moderna y la orquesta que toca un
walls sentimental.
La gaceta., 1937-12-23
EN- Ell PATIO

Los Whistles de Escocia y de Norte Ameri-
ca; los Vinos de California, de Francia y de Es-
p9ana; Cognacs franceses y de otros passes; Cor
diales; Cervezas; C~hampagne....... TODD 10 one
su buen gusto demande.
La gaceta., 1937-12-23

Ofrecemos FL PATIO ESPANOL, con nues
tros mejores deseos, a las poderosas Sociedades
Centre Espanol, Centre Asturiano, .Circulo Cuba
no, Unione Italiana, Logias, Sociedades mutua-
listas pequenas y a todas las personals que saben
apreciar el merito de 10 que un Bien Intenciona-
do Esfuerzo Significa.
Nos place reconocer que en- gran parte debe-
mos nuestro exito a la noble cooperation de los
ciudadanos ~latinos, amantes' de TODD 10 que repre-
senta progreso y bondad.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-08

Today's Sport
 Parade
By HENRY McLEMORE
 tunited Press Stan Correspondent

New York, June 8. CUP)-A gen. tleman of Minneapolis q do not dare divulge his name for fear the squirrels in that city would have him stored for the winter within an hour) has written in for my opinion on the 1887 Davis Cup play.
 lie wants to know honest, I'm telling you the truth-how I feel about the chances of the American squad which, as these are written, is bOb.bobs bobbing along on the high seas toward England.
 The letter hattered me nearly to death, because it came at a time when 1 was almost convinced that the citizens of this country not only do not want my opinion, but were actually being inoculated so they wouldn't catch it." so to speak, in crowds. have even heard of fn- stances where entire families were quarantined because a newspaper containing my opinions had gotten into the house.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-08
Summer Shows In M. s. Garden At Two Dollar Tops

Madison Square Garden will in- augurate the summer season Of boxing with rousing collection of fighters in an all-star show, on Thursday night, June 17th. The new cooling plant that cost the Garden management more than $1O0,00O will be put in operation for the first time, thus assuring the fight fans of comfortable eve- ming as they watch the scrappy youngsters battle through the big program.
 The familiar slogan Tt never rains in the Garden" will be very much in evidence on this occasion, for no matter what mood the weather man might be in, the pa irons of the big arena will be able to enjoy their boxing in the re- freshing atmosphere supplied by the huge cooling arrangement.
 PachO Vs. Saban
 James J. Johnston, the Garden promoter has signed Bobby Pacho, the hard hitting Mexican welter- WG1RuU, LO lIlCcU HID OlU AAVul odDy Salvy Saban, the clouting Italian from Greenwich Village, in the main event of ten rounds. Those two battlers had riotous ten round scramble at the St. Nicholas Palace, six weeks ago. that wound up in a draw and both have been seeking return bout. Evenly matched in every department, those two vicious hitters should furnish the best fight of the year.
 Betting on this fight is very brisk with Saban 8 slight favorite. Most of the boys are looking for a knock out and are betting accordingly. Two of the best punchers in the game, it seems almost certain that one or the other will be out of the picture before the ten rounds are travelled.
 Popular prices will prevail for all summer shows ranging from forty cents to two dollars.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-08

Brooklawn. 10:10-MrS. A. c. McLave, Innis Arden, vs. Miss Grace Balch, Hart ford. 10:15--Mrs. A. L. Rowland, Indian Hill, vS. Mrs. Roger Rowe, Wee Burn 10:20--Mrs. P. c. Barney. Farm ington, vs. Miss Alice Warner Greenwich.
 Mrs. Wendell Haycroft, Brook lawn, vs. Mrs. I. L. R. Browne Pennington.
 10:30 - Mrs. Russell Holman Innie Arden, vs. Mrs. J. B. Kirby Pine Orchard. 1O:3b = Mrs. Edward Stevens Round Hill, vs. Miss Marion Glazer Race Brook.
 Second Flight: 10:40 = Mrs. P. v. Pell, Wee Burn vS. Mrs. r. Morny. Ilinis Arden.
 1O:AE = Mrs. W. s. Rodie, Brook lawn, vs. Mrs. J. E. Elavin, Nauga- tuck.
 10:50-Miss Louise Barnes, Farm ington, vs. Mrs. D. s. Page, Brook lawn. 10:66 - Mrs. Charles Slosson Round Hill, vs. Mrs. Thayer Jaccaci, Fairfield.
 11:00-Mrs. w. L. Cooke, Hartford vs. Mrs. P. F. Moore, 1nnis Arden. 11:O5-Mrs. Y. H. Boulcy, Nauga. tuck, vs. Mrs. c. M. Wheeler, Brook lawn. 11:10-Mrs. J. H. walsh, Innis Arden, vs. Miss Dorothy Day, West port.
 ll:l6-Mrs. w. T. Van Wrinkle Innis Arden, vs. Mrs. R. H. White head, New Haven. Third Flight: 11:20-Mrs. A. Aaron, ShorehAve1i vs. Mrs. c. I. Platt, Wepawaug. 1l!1E--MHrs. g. D. Kovel. Manga tuck, vs. Mrs. J. c. Sterling, Round Hill.
 li:so-Mrs. Brooke Daisley, Innil Arden, vs. Mrs. e. |. King, Brook lawn.
 ii:3S-Mrs. R. A. Payne. Meadow. brook, vs. Mrs. w. P. Seeley, Brook. lawn.
 ii:4O = Mrs. J. R. Booth, New Haven, vs. Mrs. A. M. Wagner, In. dian Hill.
 11:46--AKrs. A. J. Crawford, Brook. lawn, vs. Mrs. J. A. 0illies, New Haven.
 ll:40-Mrs. F.. c. Colhoun, Brook. Town. vs. Mrs. II. A. Won Hacht Broklawn.
 i1:5O-A6rs. ogden White. New Haven, vs. Miss Frances Moore ! Rockledge.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-08
Autographs
RIGHT ARM ALSO MUST BE STRAIGHT
 AT TIME OF IMPACT FOR BODY POWER
By ART KRENZ NEA Service Golf Writer

Byron Nelson was three over par as he walked to the fifth tee in the Bellair, Fla, Open last spring. When he walked of the sixth green the Masters champion was one under.
 A mighty drive and a deadly No. 6 iron gave Nelson an eagle two on the 4l0-yard, par four No. $ hole. He followed with an eagle three on the 620-yard sixth hole, sinking . long No. 3, after terrific drive.
 To keep the left arm straight iB correct, but in doing so don't over- look the right arm. At impact 1t also must be straight. Good golf cannot be played unless the right arm straightens before impact and remains straight for some time after the ball is struck.
 This straightening process is q great source of power since the right arm is the means of trans. hitting the power from the right side and shoulder. If 1t bends at ina.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-08

 decided called okscrew and MT Rush promptly became Incidentally 1894 that Mccoy title from Tommy Ryan and the Norman Seby Jr, that's the real Mccoy, too.
 riding Indiana suddenly requested make himself It whistle tagged Mccoy Indiana where Seby bounced oil the career including Philadelphia tributes according his of department himself Kid Mccoy He thinker a ring"
 last bout took place in Brooklyn Y in 1912 during which Elliott At ringde rated by the greatest fighter who lived and Fzmmons ared full clothes proposed finish of Elliott Fiz and Mccoy while they did Ruby Robert still in his and fish, They had fight 
 Duke" Browne who has been coming in remembered to his would like shake Thomaston and moneys worth money back
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-08
EAST ENDERSW|N
 |FR0M ST. MARY'S
Peter and Paul Team Wins Easily = St. John, St.
 Thomas Come Through

Further indication that they are the class of the Parochial league this season was given by Sts. Peter anr Paul yesterday when they set back St. Mary's 13 to 2 as Thompson pitched a no-hit game though two runs were scored on errors. Ray Cashin belted out home run scoring two ahead of him, the losers pair of runs coming on three walks wild pitch anr fielder's choice. Summary:
 SS. Peter-Paul O06 142 x--13 Il St. Mary,s ...... 900 900 2--2 o 5
 Thompson and Hammel, Waters; ,, Buckley and Ford.
 St. Johns of Watertown also proved able in turning back St. Margaret's 8 to 5 in the closest of the three games played in the league during the afternoon. Six runs in the first two innings set- tied the game, Rawlinson giving the losers but four hits. Score:- St. John .......... 33O O20 x-8 g 2 St. Margarea'S .. 900 010 4-5 4
 Rowlinson and Ahearn; Goodale and Mccarthy.
 St. Thomas was walkaway IT to 13 winner over the St. Ann team, no less than 16 hits being made of Le Clair and the winners scoring in every one of the seven innings played. Score by innings:-
 St. Thomas .... 131 614 1-17 16 1 St. Ann's ....... 00l Oil 0-3 8 5
 Spena and Olson; LeClair and Cyr.