davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1937-02-21
By Alice Rogers Hager.
@AYy ANN r,o,<

Y y ERE today in a guarded hangar
IL have watched men studying
the torn body of giant
i L plane-quiet men with the
shadow OF tragedy on their faces; men
who speak earnestly together, who
are trying by all the canny forces Of
modern science to reconstruct into
living picture the testimony offered
by this mute, inanimate witness. Their
end is no effort to satisfy an idle
curiosity but to trace to its ultimate
source, If it be within the realm Of
the possible 20 to do, the point at
which failure began, at which safety
for the men and women riding within
the airy cabin ended, to the final
conclusion that that same failure
shall not be repeated nor human be-.
ings resubjected to that same hazard.
It is not necessary to put any specific
accident of the recent series under
the microscope to learn how their
causes are discovered. Details Of in
vestigation differ: procedures. are al
most identical. Wild theories of bomb
ing by foreign spies or, Of radiufn-
charged hills that defect radio beams
come from outsiders, but the men
who have the responsibility Of finding
out the facts work from facts alone.
These are costly errors, these crashes
costly in lives, costly In lost confidence.
costly in lost investment and financial
liability. It Is of primary, vital I'm.
portance that the, truth be known by
the company running the airlineo ~
the manufacturer who built the plane,
by the Government department. which
Evening star., 1937-02-21

search is started and continued until
the disaster Is located. This much Of
the routine is common knowledge.
What follows is not 50 generally IA.
miliar, not because any attempt Is
made to hush it up but because it Is .
slow and painstaking process.
I asked Oliver. West, chief engineer
for one Of the major air lines repre-
sented here today, to tell the story
from the operators standpoint. and he
did 90, graphically. t.
'The first thing done when an acci-
dent Is found, he said, ."s to rope 1t
Oh and place guards to prevent any
one approaching the wreckage until
the company officer in charge. usually
the chief engineer, arrives. OF course,
previous to that, every attempt has
been made to rescue passengers and
crew, unless 1t Is too late. Subject
to that primary necessity. our men do
everything in their power not to dis
turb any portion Of the plane. Some
times the smallest things are what
tell us the facts we need to know.
Suppose We put it In the first person
It's easier to tell that way. II my com.
pany is tlie one whose plane Is down,
/ ana immediately called from wher-
ever I may be at the time. As I travel
to the location of the crash, I Keep In
constant touch By radio and telephone.
directing the men On the spot what 10
Evening star., 1937-02-21

regulated the flight and by the public.
And all these interests are repre-
sented in q crash investigation. Here
in the secluded hangar where I am
an unobtrusive observer are engi-
neers, technicians, Government In
spectors. They work singly and IN
groups. aualyzing, protographing. tax
ing notes for the reports which viii
later be written from the details now
being accumulated. They ask, "Was
1t the machine that failed or the
ground aids guiding 1t, or did the
men In the cockpit err In judgment
at q crucial moment?"
The answer does not come from any
one man or from any one interest.
Final responsibility for that rests in
the director Of the Bureau Of Air Com
mefce In Washington, subject to ap-
proval of the Secretary of Commerce.
but that is the end. and now we are
at the beginning.
THE beginning comes when ship Is
= reported overdue at its terminal
and anxiety for its welfare mounts ss
time passes. Radio calls go7out in all
directions and, II there Is no answer.
when the maximum limit has been
reached, the executive ofnces OF the
air line are notified, as wen as the IN.
spector Of the Department Of Com
merce for the distSact An intensive
Evening star., 1937-02-21
,rce inspector before anything Is

merce inspector before anything Is
moved.
"The wreckage can then be taken to
q more suitable place for further study.
We wait, however, for Maj. r. W..
Schroeder, chief Of the air line inspec-
ton service Of the Department of
Commerce, before we begin internal
investigation. In the meantime, all
instruments are photographed. and
each injured part Of the ship. Several
hundred of these photographs are
made. They can b. enlarged for fu-
ture reference II thsre Is . question OF
detail later on.
with the major present, We begin
to tear away the litter. piece by piece,
examining the structure, tracing out
every cable from the cockpit control
to its fastening at q surface point.
Every fuel valve is checked for position
and then dissected. to be sure its core
is synonronized with its external op-
Grafton. We take nothing for granted.
while this minute inspection is 60
ing on, we are attempting to deter
mine the forces that will show us how
the plane was moving. II there Is evi-
dence of structural failure, we try to
reconstruct the sequence Of that fall
urs. II 1t is in the metal, we test the
failed part and adjacent unhurt sec
tions both physically and chemically
against original specifications for ten
sic strength and ductiiity-in other
words, for toughness In standing
Evening star., 1937-02-21

do. I take with me an aeronautical
engineer, who is an expert on struc-
lures; q supervisor Of inspection and
maintenance, and other engineers as
necessary.
"HERE,s an example Of what hap
pens then: In one accident we
had used 500 soldiers in hunting our
lost ship, When 1t was found we made
o guard line Of them, because . great
many curious people had followed the
search, and souvenir collectors are
pretty ghoulish sometimes. Inside that
guard line I marked of each section
Of the wreckage, bit by bit. I was not
satisfied with the first analysis, and 30
we made maps, indicating each sep
arate piece in the area, as well Is all
the features Of the terrain, such as
trees, rocks and so on. Out Of that we
finally reconstructed the whole scene.
"The terrain is always examined to
determine the approach Of the plane
to its point Of impact. This tells US
what to look for, although 1t may not
always be correct. Then, without dis
turbing anything, we make survey OF
the instruments, including all flight
controls and engine controls in the
cockpit. Position and indication are
put in writing, and whether the indi-
cations are reliable or unreliable, and
these statements are signed By the en-
gineer mating them and attested By
the ehief engineer and BY the ar com.
Evening star., 1937-02-21
Careless of Safety, They Live or Die for HUI
man Protection Against Deadly Disease
With Heroic Honor Roll.

Of four buildir Is. comprising two brick
laboratory buildings each two stories
high with working Easements, .
large three-story stone laboratory. and
q two-story stone library and admin
istration building. Within these 16o,-
600 square feet Of floor space spectac-
uiar discoveries have been made in
very quiet fashion; the biological
products for human use have been
under test and controlled: outstand-
ing results have been achieved with
respect to studies in the prevalence
and geographic distribution of hook
worm disease in the United States;
the carrier of Rocky Mountain spot
ted fever has been identified and a
vaccine for innoculation against it
devised: the plague-like organism Of
tularemia or rabbit fever" identi-
fed; the transmission agent Of typhus
determined; outstanding discoveries
made with respect to the nature and
control of pellagra; facts and prob
lens of rabies studied; milk in its
relation to human health has been
the object Of intensive research with
vitally important conclusions; . bio
logical method for Standardization Of
the thyroid hormone developed;
chemical tests for blood made; . new
Evening star., 1937-02-21

things that pull us up straight IN
our chairs as we read. Its control
of such forces that means everything
to us.
Nothing can be more dramatic than
tracking down, identifying, and f1n-
ally overcoming deadly germ. Some
OF these stories back of scientific
achievement we propose to- disclose, to
the end that you. may hioW how far
along the path Of progress we have
been carried by the men toiffng in
laboratories. To the end, too, that
you may be assured by the outstand-
ing conquests made in the realm Of
diseases, rare and common, and be
apprised Of what mankind may ex-
pect in the future with respect to
longevity of life and soundness OF
mind and body.
Scientists labor all over the world
upon their specific problems. but no
matter where their activities are un-
dertaken, there is no center Of prog
ress In the fight against disease more
fascinating or more productive OF
effort than in the Capital Of the
United States. Here, in the outlying
fringes Of the city, in an area where
the naval hospital rears its red brick
walls, Is located the National In
stitute Of Health, housed in q group
Evening star., 1937-02-21
National Institute of Health in 36 Years Has
Become Familiar With Scourges Which
Inspire World Fear.

earth, have experimental upon them
selves to ascertain its application.
They have unhesitatingly inoculated
themselves with vaccines and serums
heretofore untried upon the human
body. They have allowed themselves
to be bitten by fieas carrying tyPhus
and by mosquitoes to ascertain the
origin Of the deadly yellow fever; they
have even swallowed the filtered
sputum Of patients to determine
whether or not a disease is infectious.
They have lost themselves in the
tremendous humanitarian labors that
occupy their lives to an extent that
puts first the successful combat of
the meteorological enemies Of man,
to the exclusion Of individual con-
sideration. It seems in many in
stances of tireless, devoted labor, in
the interests Of the preservation of
life and health and the prevention
of the extension of the boundaries Of
disease, as If the psychologists, the
physicians, the chemists, and that
army of highly specialized scientists
engaged in this work have replaced
the first law Of NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
with the impersonal and divine law
controlling the preservation Of hu-
manity.
In WASHINGTON great names have
Evening star., 1937-02-21

some of them have been of world
wide application and have caused the
rewriting Of medical texts, as, for
example, the studies on anapl1ylaxis-
the increased susceptibility Of the
body TO toxic or remedial agents after
q primary dose has been received into
the blood; the treatment for acute
mercurial poison.
In addition to continued investiga-
ton into these and other subjects, the
National Institute of Health is now
engaged in nutritionaI studies that
will directly benefit human life; the
study of virus diseases and dysenteries,
the mutation of bacteria; meningitis,
malignant tumors, scarlet fever, in
vestigations into the chemistry of cell
growth and cell division, studies with
respect to the mottled enamel Of
teeth, and routine analyses and de-
examinations that will affect in greater
or less degree the health and life Of
mankind.
Back Of these discoveries are tales
Of heroism and intrepidity, dramas
behind the scenes In the laboratories,
where results alone have made the
headlines. Medical men who have
spent years Of their lives in research
in pursuit Of an elusive fact, when
finally they have run that fact to
Evening star., 1937-02-21
, G.MEN OF SCIENCE

In the Laboratories in the National Institute of Health
heroic men and women silently work making pro-
found and dangerous studies toward the prevention and
control of disease, and laying plans for the worldwide
warfare ssspst bacteriooc forces which shorten and
destroy huu1an life 81 sss19s' t5 =
Their discoveries have been. manyand back Of these
behind the scenes where results alone have made head
lines .-..
Here are men and women who deal daily with the
place for you to live in.
Here rooms shut off by sealed doors back of which
plague and pesence and horrors that defy descrp
ton should they be turned loose.
Here mysterious evidences of new Diseases dis.
asters young that they have not yet received name
The story this page the first of series describing
the thrilling and far reaching work of these fearless n
vessators, GMen of Science in their fight against the
most insidous of criminals. Another in the series will
appear shortly
Evening star., 1937-02-21

IN DR.. Sara E. Branhum
foreground and Mrs. Sadie
A. Cdrlin studying germs
aDhich cause different types
of meningitis. (2) The Librd-
ry of the National Institute
of Health; containing 10000
highly specialized technical
books. ~ Here scientists are
shoDn conducting researches
to Improve ther1putic men,
inqitis serumS. a. At tDork
on the classification and
Identification OF micro:
organisms. (5l Surg. Ralph
D. Lille, research patholo-
gist, at 1Dork in his ldbord-
tory. (6) Assistant PhdrmG-
cologiSt Thomas F. Probey
and Louis J. Pender innocu-
lating a 1Dhite rat 1Dith ar
sephendmine to test its
physiological efficiency. ~
DR.. Chester w. EmmonS,
senior nycologist, examining
a culture of fungus from q
hospital patient in the study
of disease. ~ Medical Tech
nictan Burr r. G. Hathaway
studying means for the con-
troll of malaria.
Photos by Harris & EtDing.
Evening star., 1937-02-21

shone forth, the light Of their dis
coveries and their research shining
even into the far corners Of the earth.
Stiles, Spencer, Badger, Dyer, Rum
reich, Rosenau. Anderson, Lumsden.
Kastle, Goldberger. Stimson, Hunt,
Seidell, Taveau, Cedar, McClintic,
Wheeler, Waring, Willets, Phelps.
Stevenson, Shoub, Evans. Smith, Hen
drick, Elvove, and others too numerous
to mention, have distinguished them
selves here for their scientific con-
tributions. The list of worthy. sue
cessors to Hippocrates, Galen, Vesalius
and the rest Of the honor roll Is long
and weighty with the accumulated
years of experience.
CONSIDER, for a moment, that the
National Institute of Health IS
an organization 50 young that its
affairs, at first concerned only with
maritime quarantine, in 1880, have
grown now to include as provided by
Congress, "the investigation Of infec-
tious and Contagious diseases, and
matters pertaining to the public
health" and that it has given to the
world priceless knowledge in these
fields in the short space Of time that
has elapsed since 1901, when the first
congressional appropriation was made
for buildings and 5 acres Of land pro-
vided. Likewise, consider that at the
present time not any country in Eu-
rope possesses. better equipped labora-
tories for scientific investigation than
the Washington Institute, nor that
any single laboratory abroad can
boast more extensive or diversified
contributions from their findings
within so short q period.
Actually, the National Institute Of
Health Is q field station Of the United
States Public Health Service, func-
tioning under the administrative SUI
pervision of the Division Of Scientific
Research of that service. Under the
surgeon general Of the United States,
DR.. Thomas Parran, jr, the Scientific
Research Division is headed by DR..
L. r. Thompson. In his capacity as
assistant surgeon general in charge Of
scientific research, DR.. Thompson
Is also director of the National Insti-
tute of Health. The institute is di-
vided into the Division of Chemistry,
under DR.. Hudson; the Division Of
Pharmacoiogy, under DR.. Voegtlin;
the Division of Zoology, under DR..
Hall; the Division Of Infectious Dis
eases, under DR.. Dyer; the Division
Of Biologics Control, under DR.. Har-
rison; the Division of Public Health
Methods, under DR.. Mountin; the Di-
vision Of Industrial Hygiene, under DR..
Sayers, and the Division Of Pathology,
some Of which investigation work b
Continued On Second Page.)
Evening star., 1937-02-21
AIR CRASH INQUIRY AIMS TO DISCOVER PERMANENT
Technique Applied to Small
Details and Experts
Study All Phases.

strain. We work over every point until
all has been proved that can be and
logical development Is present.
During this period the flying per-
sonnel, q committee of three supervis-
ing pilots and several Of the pilots Of
the local division, join with the opera
ton and dispatch personnel to analyse
all radio reports and other irforma-
ton available on the exact condition
Of the ship when 1t left the ground
for the flight In question. The history
Of every instrument IL on record in
the company shops end this Is brought
out for questioning. To these are
added the daily pilots logs. the over
haul work sheets and other pertinent
data.
Finally all the investigators meet
and Q report Is written, and then it Is
that the Department of Commerce
holes its public investigation"
uERE Maj. Schroeder himself, his
usual lean and friendly look
overlaid by grimness, took up the
story. THE most important thing In
investigating Q crash" he said, sis to
allow enough time to elapse so that
all the experts can look into the sit
uation and all outside witnesses be
found. The farmer who heard the
motor and saw the planes riding
lights crossing the upper panes OF his
kitchen window gives us . basis for q
simple mathematical calculation
which tells us its altitude; from the
point Of impact we plot the flight
path backward, to see where the pilot
left q normal course; we look for the
total plane, knowing that vital part
found several miles away eliminates
looking for the trouble In the cockpit.
Parts Of the control wheel will usually
be found in the hands Of the pilot who
was doing the flying. We check the
story Of the radio control tower at
the terminal, we check weather re-
ports, and add these facts to those
being drawn from the study Of the
wreckage. At the public hearings, re-
quired by law since 1884, evidence is
given under oath. When they are
complete, all records are taken back
Continued on Seventh Pase.)
Evening star., 1937-02-21
American Record Is Finest,
but Constant Gains
Are Demanded. =.

Note: In order to get frst-hdnd
information for this story the au-
thor few to Oakland, Calif, iosere
Investigations tDere under 1OGy BY
Department of Commerce and air.
line officials to determine the cause
of the recent crash OF the Douglas
atrliner tn San Francisco Boy. The
jollo,Ding story is based on, inter-
pie1ps ,rith officials In the Municipal
Airport hangar, ,phere the tcreckdge
OF the plane pds under study.
Evening star., 1937-02-21

vitamine brought to light; the aiul-
terant causing ginger jake" par
alysts identified; far-reaching stud
les made with respect to cancer and
heart diseases; malaria, leprosy,
measles, tetanus, encephalitis, have
been the objects Of intensive research
Evening star., 1937-02-21

and experimentation. with highly i'm
portant results.
THE past has witnessed the evolu-
ton offs considerable number Of dis
coveries by the workers Of the insti-
tute, Of great value to this Nation, and
Evening star., 1937-02-21

CONTINUED On Second Page.)
Evening star., 1937-02-21
ByLucy Salamanca.

= r ACHINE GUNS deliver
M tattoo against the pursuing
Iv car. But the pursuing car
4 i diminishes no whit its des-
The Washington times., 1937-02-03

new District record.
George Honey held the former
mark. 1919, which he rolled in the
Temple Major League last season.
De Fino started his sensational
string with triple-header strike,
scored two spares in the fourth
and fifth frames, an eight in the
sixth, spare in the seventh, strike
in the eighth and ninth and a
spare in the tenth. His score
sheet read:
80 So 10 9s III 122 14s 40 1870 2Oss
The worlds record is only three
points better than DeFino's 2O8
and is held jointly by Bill Arnold,
of Annapolis, who rolled 211 in the
Baltimore Major League early this
year, and Tony zagryn, Bristol,
Conn.,, who rolled his 211 in the
Eastern Sweepstakes in February
of 1886.
When he added games Of 122 and
119 to his record breaking 208,
De Fino set new all-time record
in the Columbia Heights League,
for his 449 for the three games
proved up as eight points better
than Paulie Harrison's AL scored
in 1888.
Incidentally, Harrison's record
was broken twice last night, as
Harry Aiken came up with a
AS set.
De Fino's team, Vincent BARRIERS,
due to his great rolling, set up
new all-time league record of 686.
The Washington times., 1937-02-03
Columbus Meets
To|edoU. Next

Columbus University's boxing
team, undefeated thus far this
season and fit and ready for more
action, will take on the strong un-
defeated University of Toledo this
Friday night at Joe Turner's
Arena.
Ten per cent of the gate re-
ceipts, it was announced by DR..
John R. Fitzpatrick, dean Of Co.
lumbus University, will be turned
over to the American Red Cross,
toward relief of flood victims.
DR.. Clarence w. Spears, former
football coach at West Virginia
University, where he established
himself as one of the greatest
coaches in the country, and now
director of athletics at Toledo Uni
versity, will make the trip with the
team.
Together with Coach Spears will
be Pep JuSto, professional fighter
with 38 wins in AZ starts to his
credit, who started his boxing
career with the world champion,
Barney Ross.
Well drilled and trained in
every division, the Buckeyes are
especially strong in the lighter di-
visions. In the 118-pound class,
the Toledoans are well fortified
with Kenny Schuyler, recent SEN
Sation of the Detroit Golden
Gloves tournament, during which
event he scored three one-round
knockouts. He is favored to win
the championship which will be
fought in that city in two weeks.
The Washington times., 1937-02-03
Five
Loses First
LoopGanne
BY SID KATZNELL

No wonder Senate Beer is lead
ing the Washington Times Com
munity Center Basketball League
today with three victories and no
defeats. Four former all-high
players are carrying its bright vel
low colors.
They are "Bucky" Buchholz,
"Dopey" Dean and Gay Edelin,,
who learned their basketball under
the tutelage of Chief" Guyon at
Eastern and "Huck" Cavanaugh,
a tow-headed youth with a con-
tagious smile, who studied the
finer points of the game under
the direction of Lynn Woody"
Woodworth, Roosevelt's congenial
athletic director.
DOpey Dean Stars
The Senators marched into first
place last night at Tech School by
handing Columbia Beverage its
initial defeat in league conpe-
tition, Al to 35. Dopey Dean, who
is not so dopey, gave a neat ex-
hibition of sharp shooting, send
ing II points through the rims.
His all-high teammates weren't
so accurate with their shooting
but contributed some fineness to
the game with their classical
passing.
Pep" Hunter, the. boy who
failed to make the grade in Bcho-
laStic circles, but has proven to
be a thorn in path for every
team he played against this sea-
son, led the losers offensive with
four field goals.
Labor Improves
In the preliminary, a rejuven-
ated Labor team almost doubled
the score on the supposedly SUI
perior Flying Eagles. The score
was 27-14. Fletcher, center, and
Desmone, guard, shared the scor-
ing honors with eight points
apiece for the Labor outfit. Pat
Sinclair, flashy forward, regis
tered six markers for the opposi-
ton.
The second place Bureau of In
vestigation toSsers who have won
two games and lost none in the
league, went outside the circuit
last night and hung a As to 80
plastering on the Central Y. M.
C. A. quintet. Herbie Thompson,
former Duke luminary, shot IL
points, and Robinson, huge center,
who halls from New York city,
counted 10 for the G-men. Nc
Guire and Keefe totaled II points
apiece for the losers.
The Washington times., 1937-02-03
SENATE TAKES FIRST PLACE IN TIMES LEA CUE
ACCOLADEW WINS CAP

such stars as Red Rain, TempeStu-
olls, Sir Emerson and Silk Mask.
Tempestuous ran second, a neck
behind Accolade, with Red Rain
a length and a half back of
Tempestuous. Sir Emerson was
fourth and Silk Mask last in a
field of five.
The Washington times., 1937-02-03

Donald Christmas. of Upper
Marlboro, Md, scored with his Ac-
colade yesterday in the Duarte
Handicap, forerunner of the IA
nous 100000 santa Anita handi-
cap. The Duarte, worth $500
added, found Accolade conquering