davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1937-11-18
500
SUMMONS

In the District Court of the Elev-
enth judicial District of the State
of Montana, in and for the County
of Lincoln.
Edward NJ Davidson, plaintiff. VS..
Ida A. Greiner, Norbert l.. Greiner.
Emmett W. Greiner, F. La Sha Grei-
ner, and Irma c. Greiner, heirs of
William E. Greiner, deceased. and
any and all other persons, unknown.
claiming or who might claim anv
right, title, estate, or interest in. or
lien or encumbrance upon. the real
property described in the complaint.
or any thereof, adverse to plain
tufts ownership. or any cloud upon
plaintiffs title thereto, whether such
claim or possible claim be present
or contingent, including any claim
or possible claim of dover, inchoate.
and the unknown heirs of William
E. Grelner, deceased, defendants.
The State of Montana sends greet
ings to the above named defendants
and to each of them, and any and all
other persons, unknown, claiming
or who might claim any right, title,
estate, or interest in, or lien or
encumbrance upon. the real prop
erty described in the complaint, or
any thereof, adverse to plaintiffs
ownership, or any cloud upon
plaintiffs title thereto, whether
such claim or possible claim be pres
ent or contingent, including any
claim or possible claim of dover,
inchoate or accrued.
You are hereby summoned to
answer the complaint in this action,
which is filed in the office of the
Clerk OF this Court, copy of which
is herewith served upon you, and
to file your answer and serve copy
thereof upon the plaintiffs attor-
ney within twenty days after the
service Of this Summons, exclusive
OF the day of service; and in case
OF your failure to appear or answer,
judgment will be taken against you.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1937-11-18
Definition Of Education

Years ago one Of the prize win
ming definitions OF education pub
Ished In the Forum was AZ follows:
Education Is the knowledge. ac-
quired through the systematic and
harmonious cultivation Of ones nat
ural powers, which gives one the
ability to adjust himself satisfacto-
rily to his physical and intellectual
environment"
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1937-11-18
PENSIONS ARE UP

Manufacturing November H.
088 aged citizens of Montana will
receive s228,000 or $2055 per per-
son, |. M. Brandjord, public welfare
commissioner has announced. Also
1857 children will be aided with
checks totaling $4,000. Montana
ranks fourth in the nation in the
number of pensions granted accord
ing to population. Oklahoma, Texas
and Colorado lead. National aver
age per pension is S1854.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1937-11-18
NOTICE OF SALE OF COUNTY
PROPERTY.

Notice is hereby gwen that the
Board of County Commissioners
will, on the sixth day of Decem-
Der, 1887, at Ten O'clock A. M. at
the door of the Lincoln County
Court House at Libby, Montana, sell
to the highest bidder for cas+s the
following described property.
1888 International Truck Model
B-3-1 36W Biz, Engine Number
F. G. B.-4176. Appraised value
$425. 90.
The Board reserves the right to
reject any or all bids.
ELDON j. SCHUCK,
County Clerk and Clerk of The
Board of County Commissioners.
Dated November S, 1887. nl1-d2-4t.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1937-11-18
GRASSHOPPER PLAGUE

Unless the guess of the experts
who are seeking funds from the u.
S. treasury for batting purposes is
wrong, Montana will be visited by
q grasshopper plague next year.
Fred D. Butcher, federal entomolo-
gist, reported that the egg count of
grasshoppers taken in 20 western
states indicates plague next year.
Federal funds are not received soon
enough to properly fight the pests
with poison, the experts say.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1937-11-18
THAT SAVING GRACE"
BY Clayton Rand
BY Clayton Rand

There is a lot of bitterness in the country Just
now. Many men have soured on their leaders and
hard feelings prevail.
There Is something greater than being Repub-
hcan or Democrat a Dirty Dealer or New Dealer,
and that is being good American citizen
There is something greater than politics and
that's being patriotic Parties run their course Isms
soon pass somebody cooks up new fad or freak to
fool the people.
Old Marse Henry Watterson was wont to refer to
that saving grace of common sense in the American
people" That may save us
Copyright
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1937-11-18
SUBSOH. MOISTURE

Cascade and other north central
Montana counties are getting good
stands of winter wheat and have
ample subsoil moisture, Jay G..
Diamond, federal statistician here
announced. Generally, prospects for
grains in the northern half of the
state are better than they have been
for a number of years.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1937-11-18
BIDS ON TIRES

Bids on tires and tubes were
opened by State Purchasing Agent
|. S. McQuitty, this week. Fourteen
firms competed for the contract to
sell approximately $4,000 worth OF
tires during the coming year. Bids
are being compiled and the award
will be announced soon.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1937-11-18
SUGAR RATE JUMP?

Members Horace E. Casey, E. E..
Krebsbach and Tom Carey of the
public service commission must de-
eide whether the request for an in
creased rate on refined sugar ship
ments is justified All Montana
railroads have petitioned the board
for the increase.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1937-11-18
MUST STAMP EGGS

Buyers are warned to be alert for
low quality eggs shipped and sold
within the state. State certified
eggs carry blue seal of the dairy
division of the Montana department
of agriculture.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1937-11-18
and Ends
CARLOADINGS HIGH

Montana's carload freight ship
ments were 30,453 in September.
which is so more than 1886, but
5,663 less than 1885, the railroad
and public service commission an
nounced. Ore shipments and stone
to Fort Peck made up a large part
OF the freight business.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1937-11-18
Sherman Author OF Law.

John Sherman, brother OF Gen.
eral w. l.. Sherman, was the author
Of the Sherman Silver purchase act
and the Sherman antitrust law.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1937-11-18
MOVIE TAX $4,000

Motion picture houses will pay
the state treasury $4,000 this year,
which is ia per cent of their gross
income, E. A. Dye, chairman of the
state tax board announces.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1937-11-18
A DAY IN THE BIG HOUSE
By JOHN @. TAXPAYER
As interviewed by Our Special Correspondent

This the third
prison Deer Lodge
Evening star., 1937-07-17

created for American-made goods
Did buyer in Central America want
ice? New England warming pans
made excellent utensils for cooking
over open fires. Best in the world"
were Yankee clocks, shoes. rubber
boots. horse plows and agricultural
implements. For many generations
the senoritas Of Buenos Aires would
wear no other footgear but American
kid boots.
The supercargo would report on sale
prospects to his captain and the ships
owners. On the return home such
cargoes were shipped as could find
ready sale in foreign ports.
The town Of Salem built ships and
traded with the Orient. Ships OF Man.
tucket rounded the Horn and sailed
to the Bering Sea and the Arctic. AL
though the golden age OF the clipper
ships lasted only from 1888 to 1858.
they carried the American nag into
every important seaport of the world
and when the discovery Of gold in
California and Australia precipitated
a mad rush for speedy vessels, full
rugged and entirely seaworthy ships
were built in the United States in as
little as 80 days.
Possibly the first "blue ribbon" for
transatlantic ship voyages belongs
to an American ship, the Arctic of the
Collins Line, built in New York in
1850. The seagoing world gasped when
she made the startling speed Of 12h
knots. which is ~ fast as many mod
ern" ships Of the American merchant
fleet can 60.
THE Collins Line operated from New
York to Boston to England from
1850 to 1856 under Government sub
sidy, competing with the Cunard Line.
from which 1t shortly captured so per
cent more Passengers and 80 per cent
more freight, forcing the latter to re-
Evening star., 1937-07-17

ships, gave them to railroads and. as
the land carriers gained in power and
scope Of operation, the sea carriers
declined.
Confederate gunfire destroyed most
of the beautiful clipper ships, while
the United States fell woefully behind
England in the transition from sail to
steam and from wood to iron and
steel. In 1870 81 per cent Of the
worlds iron vessels were being con-
structed in British yards, as against
8 per cent in the United States.
Before the outbreak Of the Civil
WARM 1883. to be exact-the United
States had q merchant marine ton
mage of $500 900 tons-aS much as
all the rest Of the world, Britain ex-
cluded, combined, and this tonnage
was only 100000 tons below that OF
Great Britain. Currently the British
Empire has about 10 900 900 more tons
Of merchant ships $4,000 gross tons
and over, and we are likewise in
ferior to Japan.
In the heyday Of the clipper ship
II per cent Of United States imports
and exports were carried in American
bottoms. This figure had dropped to
81 per cent in 1914.
At the time Of the Spanish Ameri-
can War, because Of this country's
deficiency in merchant tonnage, it
became necessary to purchase and
charter ships for use as naval auxil-
iaries. When President Theodore
Roosevelt sent the White Squadron
around the world. in 1908, it was
Continued on Page B-3.y
Evening star., 1937-07-17
Only II in 100 Travellers Crossing North
Atlantic Today Are Aboard American
Vessels, Statistics Show.

Foreign builders gazed with envy at
the magnificent craft that few the
star-spangled nag Foreign merchants
hoped with rage as their Yankee
competitors snatched their richest
markets.
The Queen Mary or the Normandie
OF the day was neither British nor
French. but the American clipper
Lightning, 1853 tons, 244 feet long
and with a canvas spread OF 10000
square feet. Her sails billowed and
lowered like massed clouds on some
horizon toward which she pointed her
knife-edged prov. Costing $l6O,O0O,
she could carry 1865 passengers and a
crew Of II, and made her first trip
across the Atlantic. Boston to Liver
pool, in the astonishing time Of l3
days, 1917 hours.
Forerunner OF the clipper was the
war frigate. At the end OF the eight
zenith century American designers
evolved this entirely new type OF SAIL
ing vessel, OF which Old 1ronsides,
the Constellation and other famous
Navy craft were prototypes. Repre-
sentative Sirovich of New York, in a
speech in the House eulogizing the
American merchant marine of yore
and appealing for compare BILE suprem-
acy in this era. described these vessels
as "slim-hulled. with clean runs aft,
heavily SPARED and canvased and
carrying a cloud OF sail forrad,' quick
in the stays, ardent on the helm and
highly maneuverable on the seas or in
tight waters"
DURING the first half Of the nine
teenth century American ship
captains were not only shippers, but
also first-class statesmen OF American
goods. The real work fell on the SUPER
cargo, an officer aboard ship In charge
Of the cargo, whose duty it was to find
out what demand there was or could be
Evening star., 1937-07-17

Secretary of State Forecasts Economic Chaos
in European Countries Unless Powers
Shift Concentration From
ArmamentS to Trade.

can only lead to moral isolation A
well and an intensified nationalism
that breeds international friction, fear,
envy and resentment and DESTROYS the
very foundations Of world peace. No,
there is no other alternative. That is
why it is desirable to establish this new
point OF view as speedily as possible
-militaristic point of view that,
through the revitalization of inter-
national law. will achieve renewal Of
those finer relationships between ma
tions upon which freedom peace, pros
perity and civilization itself depend"
Just before l had entered upon my
visit with the Secretary had been
told that women's clubs, domestic and
international leagues. church councils
and peace organizations everywhere,
irrespective Of party interests, are ex-
pressing in ardent and sincere mes
sages their intention OF aligning them
selves with the trade-agreements
policy adopted by the present admin
istration. Their reason for indorsing
the plan, they state, is that they re-
gard 1t as an instrument for world
peace, more powerful than any yet
conceived out of that hope. Express
sions Of distinguished citizens have
been received in the Department of
State. pouring out the prayer that we
may have discovered in this plan for
brotherly international relationships
the one weapon for which mankind
almost hopelessly has been search
ing-a weapon to do away with war.
THERE now stands arrayed behind
the fresh and vital policy the
National Peace Conference, with a list
of 1000 distinguished names; the
World Peace Foundation. the Foreign
Policy Association, the Women's In
ternational League. the Council for
the Prevention Of War, the League of
Women Voters, the Young Women's
Christian Association and a long list
OF smaller but influential groups such
as church and school organizations,
mothers clubs and civic organizations
the length and breadth Of the land.
Here we are witnessing the aston
ishing spectacle of a nation aroused
to recognition Of a surprisingly simple
and beautifully apparent truth-that
happy, prosperous people will not fight
one another; that happy. prosperous
people do not nurture ill-feeling, pref
udices or aggrievements: that happy,
prosperous people do not rise up
against orderly government to estab-
lish relationships. That, in short
happy and prosperous peoples conduct
their family life. their business az
fairs and their neighborly relationships
with regard for their moral obliga-
tions. And this. in turn, means that
the individual standard reflects the
national standard, provided people are
Evening star., 1937-07-17
He Recites to Interviewer Record Of Ad.
ministration's Reciprocal Trade Agree.
ments in Encouraging International
Understanding and Mutual Benefits.
HE process OF reducing trade bar

>HE process OF reducing trade bar
riers by negotiation with indi-
vidual countries is from its very ma
ture = gradual one" Mr.. Hull OBJ
served, land many factors enter into
any consideration Of figures. Never
theless, such evidence as We have in
dicates an unmistakable and continue
ing gain in American foreign trade,
attributable In no small degree to
the trade-agreements program. The
influence of trade agreements upon
our exports has been decidedly grati-
flying. During 1885 our foreign sales
exceeded those Of 1884 by $50 mil
lions Of dollars and during 1885 they
increased by further ITO millions.
That trade agreements had an impor-
tant influence upon these increases
Is shown by the fact that exports
to countries with which trade agree
ments have been negotiated increased
IS per cent in 1896, compared with
1885. whereas our exports to all other
countries increased by only 4 per
cent"
Secretary Hull pointed out that all
those who produce for export mar
kets must. as foreign trade increases,
buy in turn additional domestic raw
materials and semi-manufactured
goods. while those from whom they
buy, in turn, gain increased purchas-
ing power and buy from others.
Each dollar Of imports" he stated,
enables foreigners to buy q dollars
worth OF exports, and increased for
eign trade directly expands domestic
markets and helps speed the wheels of
American industry"
He mentioned the effect of the
droughts upon the ch-discussed
Favorable balance Of trade"
Since 1892" he explained, "im-
ports have been increasing as well as
exports, and emphasis has been placed
by some upon the increasing amounts
of agricultural imports. While our
imports have increased within the last
few years, such increases in agricul-
tural products have been largely either
in homeopathic commodities like
coffee, silk or rubber, or in products
in which there have been domestic
shortages due to droughts and to in
creased demand due TO economic
recovery"
Ono cannot speak for more than 4
few minutes with Secretary Hull with
out being vividly impressed with his
absorbing interest in this new way to
peace-his vital concern for the future
Of nations which persist in policies OF
isola ton and harsh retalatory prac-
tices. 1t IS = compelling interest,
lending vitality to every expression.
One is conscious Of the fact that here
is 4 statesman who refuses to regard
the possibility OF world peace as the
dream of an idealist. World peace,
Evening star., 1937-07-17

ships, ships flying the Stars and
Stripes from their sterns
OF All the thousands OF passengers
tourists. honeymooners. immigrants,
emigrants. men and women on busi-
ness or diplomatic missions-of all
these thousands America n bound or
headed the other way, only 20 in every
100 are on American ships And Of
the travellers crossing the North At
lantic via the principal routes only III
IN 100 are on American ships. Most
Of them are on British ships.
Since all of the export carsoes are
American products going out to
bring dollars in, all Of the import
cargoes foreign products to be used
by Americans, and since the ma jority
OF the travellers are American citi-
zens, why is 1t that more are not car
ried on American ships?
The answer is a simple fact OF long
standing-the United States just
hasn't got the ships. Most American
vessels-and there are not a great
many Of them in comparison with the
merchant fleets OF other maritime
powers-are old, slow and relatively
small.
That is why the new Maritime Com
mission has set out to obtain for this
Nation a merchant marine which, in
the promise Of President Roosevelt,
will be second to none"
TINE was when Columbia ruled the
waves. United States maritime
prestige today is to that Of the middle
Of the last century as a satyr to
Hyperion, = minnow to a whale.
American shipping grew rapidly
from 1889 to 1910. its history showing
q close relationship between maritime
progress and governmental support.
The young country. newly freed from
allegiance to English Kings but cling
ing to British sea tradition. began to
enact beneficial ship legislation as
early As 1889.
A generation later the fame of
American vessels was world wide, and
with the launching OF the clipper
Rainbow. in l845, this country en-
barked on 4 sea-going career that was
to enthrone her as mistress Of the seas.
Evening star., 1937-07-17

duce its freight rates SIS a ton. With
drawal Of the Government subsidy left
North Amrican dominance to the
Cunarders.
It is historical fact that when the
United States became engaged in the
War OF 1912 her mechant ships, serv-
ing as privateers, were a potent in
fluence in effecting an advantageous
peace.
Another achievement which glori-
fies the Nations maritime history is
the voyage Of the James Monroe in
January, 1918. Putting out from New
York in Snowstorm this vessel OF the
famous Black Bali Line inaugurated
the first ocean liner service across the
North Atlantic to Liverpool Black
Balls fine fleet Of sailing packets. dis
playing the company symbol on one Of
the foresails, provided monthly service
and later semi-monthly maintained
with remarkable regularity.
The Flying Cloud, the Rainbow, the
Sea Witch and other American sailing
vessels Of the middle nineteenth CEN
tury outranked all competitors. and
as shipbuilders the United States out
built all competitors. From 1920 to
1860 American vessels carried II per
cent OF United States foreign trade.
The rise and fall of the American
merchant marine is like the rise and
fall OF = mounta nous ocean wave
First We were on the crest, reaching
into the sky, surmounted by none;
then We were in the trough, while
other waves" reared higher and
higher around us.
THE Civil War, expansion Of the
West and Great BritAin's rapid
development OF coal burning iron
ships signaled the decline Of the
United States as maritime power.
Probably chief among these causes
was the westward, ho!" movement.
With extension OF the Nations rail-
roads. the discovery Of gold in Cali
fornia and the trans Mississippi land
rush the eyes Of the East were turned
from the sea, turned toward the region
where the sun sets. Money that had
financed clipper ships was poured into
railroad upbuilding. The Federal Gov
ernment withdrew its subsidies from
Evening star., 1937-07-17

'There is gradual trend" he said
hopefully, toward greater understand
ing OF the tremendous significance Of
international trade relationships
Assurance grew in his voice, and
he nodded TO emphasize his expecta-
ton OF fuller cooperation as the
ideal takes hold.
There are definite indications that
nations are coming to the realiza-
Evening star., 1937-07-17

happy and prosperous. These facts
preclude war
Nations are slow to admit these
things, it appears. In answer to an
inquiry about the attitude Of other
powers generally. and what we may
expect in the way OF their future CO.
operation in the effort to estab blish a
world at peace, Secretary Hull gave
measured answer.
Evening star., 1937-07-17

ton Of what may be accomplished
by this means Billions OF additional
dollars would be available for employ
ment and the uses Of prosperity if ma
tions Of the world would adopt pro-
grams for the freer interchange OF
their surpluses."
The Secretary states that. despite
droughts in our own country which
inhibited our usual export OF surplus
Evening star., 1937-07-17

agricultural products and necessitated
agricultural imports instead. and in
the face OF the dEjointed state Of AZ
fairs in other nations and the fact
that commerce is tied up with selfish
agreements" there has been improve
ment since Inauguration OF those
trade agreements which have been
operating with other countries.
Evening star., 1937-07-17
BY Wiliam A. Bell, L.

N THE seapOrts OF the Nation to-
day, as happens every day, trans
i oceanic vessels are loading or I'M
loading their cargoes; taking on
passengers or putting them ashore
And in ports throughout the world
cargoes destined for the United States
are being lowered into ships holds.
Other cargoes - American wheat.
American farm implements, American
automobiles, American business ma
chines-are being hoisted out. Up
ships gangplanks in these far-off
places march United States-b bound
travellers. Down ships gangplanks
come others who days before were
waving good -bys at piers in New York
or New Orleans or San Francisco or
Galveston.
Around the world, Of all the hum
dreds of thousands of tons Of cargo
shipped from this country or to this
country, less than one-third-3l tons
in every hundreds in American
Evening star., 1937-07-17
STARS AND STRIPES MAY RULE THE OCEANS WAVES AGAIN

authors note: Much OF the
material in the tolloming article
nas deriUed from "The Historical
Romance OF the Foreign and
American Merchant Mnrine," bv
Representative William I. .Siropich,
and participation of the Ameri-
can Merchant Marine in the Inter-
national Carrying Trade" By Al
fred H. Hadg of the Georgetown
University Foreign Service School.