davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1937-10-13
Writer Tells
OF Chinese
Rout
BY JOHN GoETTE

Sopyright, 1881 by International News
Service
JAPANESE ARMY ADVANCE
HEADQUARTERS. P1NGsHAN,
HoPET. China. Oct. 10 d.N.s0
China's defense Of the northern
front turned into a wild debacle
today.
Pillaging and often killing fel-
low-countrymen as they go. the
huge Chinese army Of 100000 is
retreating in disorder to the south
with such precipitation that the
japanese are hard put to keep up
with their rear guard.
RESISTANCE WEAK
Everything I have seen on the
Pingshan front indicates Chinese
resistance has been extremely
slight since the last stand at the
ancient walled city of Chaocho.
Japan's forces have advanced
ITS miles in 30 days. Troops OF
General Count Juichi Terauchi
are now across the Huto River on
a wide front and less than 80
miles from the great Yellow
River, the natural boundary line
of north China.
Yet Japanese claims that $4,000
Chinese troops were slain below
Paoting are unconvincing, because
of the very fact that little Chinese
resistance has been put up.
RETREAT DIsORDERLY
Paucity Of the fighting is further
shown by the fact that I saw no
japanese wounded being taken
back to the rear in the two days
Of my trip towards Shihchiach-
wang.
The Chinese army is in such
disorder that the troops are fail
ing to cover UP their retreat by
blowing up bridges and otherwise
impeding the Japanese advance
along the Peiping-Hankow Rail
road.
Cities are being plundered, and
houses throughout the retreat area
are being stripped Of their wood
work, furniture, bedding, food, and
cooking utensils. 81
In many cases civilians who re.
sist the fleeing army are shot.
China's northern "Hindenburg
line" north Of the Huto River did
not last two days. -
(Other Details on Page ~.
The Washington times., 1937-10-13

closer even than they were after
Cardinal Pacelli's mission to
America.
THE Vatican expects that
diplomatic relations between the
Holy See and the United States
will soon be reestablished."
The Washington times., 1937-10-13
Mrs. MussOlini Loses
90 Pounds; Tells How
Rv WALTER HERMAN

NEW YORK. Oct 10 Q.N.s).-When Mussolni wags an
pressive finger apprhensve world ." sits the edge
it's chairs and pays attention When sgnora Mussoni
drops go pounds world of crowds down front and
The Washington times., 1937-10-13
BOARD Tells
.OF DAMAGE TO
SHIP At DOCK
Other Serious Cases
Are Recalled

Q.N.SO-EV1denc OF sabotage
on the Nays newest heavy
cruiser, Vincennes, was reported
today to the Navy high command
by a board Of investigation.
The board held its Investigation
after extensive damage was done
to the reduction gears in the
heavy cruiser while the warship
was undergoing dock trials at
Boston.
NOISES DEVELOP
While undergoing the trials,
strange noises developed in one
set of reduction gears. The gear
box was opened, and a stray piece
of metal which the board found
could not have become detached
from any portion Of the interior
was found to have stripped the
gears.
The other three gear boxes were
Immediately opened and while
two were found in perfect condi.
ton, in the third a file was found.
This tool, the board found, was
not Of Navy issue.
In its finding, the board stated
the foreign bodies were possibly
placed there by a person unknown.
but that it could have been acct
dental.
BUILT BY BETHLEHEM
The VincenneS was built by the
Bethlehem Shippuilding Corpora
TONS Fore River Mass) plant.
It was launched February "a, 1887,
and is the newest of the Nays
heavy cruisers.
It was recalled at the Navy De-
partment that the Vincennes' sis
ter ship, the cruiser Quincy, also
built at the Fore River plant, like.
wise had gear trouble under SINH"
lar circumstances while on trial.
The Quincy was undergoing
trials off Boston when its gears
were stripped, and when the gear
box was opened up it was found
that a spanner wrench was in the
gear box. Also while the Quincy
was being built a fire Of mysterious
origin developed in the auxiliary
machinery room and spread to the
aft engine room. This was in
August, 1885.
OTHER CASES RECALLED
Two other serious cases OF
sabotage have been discovered In
American warships in the past
few years, both occurring in the
New York Navy Yard.
The cruiser Indianapolis, while
undergoing overhaul, developed an
electrical fire. The cables were
replaced and on first inspection
appeared in good shape, but on
being put through a high voltage
test under which the warship
would have to function at high
speed operations at sea, a serious
short circuit occurred, and upon
investigation the new cables were
found to have photograph needles
and small nails embedded in
them.
A similar occurrence to the
Colorado in 1880 at the same yard
caused a fire which resulted In
damages of $3.50, 900 to the ship.
The Washington times., 1937-10-13
Nazis Say Vatican
Bows to Roosevelt

BERLIN, Oct 10 Ns)-Chargng the Vatican with "kow
towing President Roosevelt the Naz newspaper Der Angr
today criticized Archbishop Mooney of Detroit for sencng
Father Charles E. Coughin the "radio priest"
The Washington times., 1937-10-13
Local Laws Studied
For Special Session

Hard the heels of President Roosve call for extra
session of Congress, Congressional leaders in District affairs
today began preparations of of local legislation to
be placed before the session which starts MONTH
The Washington times., 1937-10-13
TO SHUN MISTAKES

And then, Mr.. Roosevelt reas.
sured the public that mistakes OF
the Wilson Administration would
not be his.
Remember" he admonished.
"that from 1918 to 1921, I was
fairly close to world events, and
in that period, while I learned
much of what to do, I also
learned what not to do"
The President did not retreat
from his position as outlined at
Chicago.
The Washington times., 1937-10-13
WILSON errors
CALLED help"
BY PRESIDENT
Point Way in Peace
Work, He Says
Full text of President
RoOseUelFs speech on
Page IL.
By GEORGE DURNO

HYDE PARK. N. Y, Oct. 10
ON.SO.-President Roosevelt to-
day retired to Hyde Park for a
week, after assuring the Nation he
had been close enough to the Will
son Administration from 1918 to
1921 to profit by errors Of those
then conducting our international
relationships. He emphasized that
America hates war: America
hopes for peace; therefore,
America actively engages in the
search for peace"
In his "fireside chat" from
Washington last night, the Presi-
dent carefully divided his address
into sections-the latter part am
plifying, and, in many respects
conciliating the startling speech
he made in Chicago last week
warning of the possibility Of war
and pointing an accusing finger
at Japan, Italy and Germany. ]
WILL JOIN IN FARLEY
Mr.. Roosevelt emphasized that
the United States was willing to
attend a conference Of the sigma
tories to the nine power treaty
of 1922 to solve the Sino-Japanese
problem but he added "it is our
purpose to cooperate with the
other signatories to this treaty, in
Guiding China and Japan"
China will be present at the
conference table. Dispatches from
Tokyo indicate Japan will not.
Still hammering at the ominouS-
ness of the international situation,
however, the President asserted:
IT want our great democracy
to be wise enough to realize
that aloofness from war is not
prompted by unawarenesS Of
war. In a world of mutual sus-
picions, peace must be affirma-
lively reached for. It cannot
just be wished for. It cannot |
just be waited for"
The Washington times., 1937-10-13
Protest on Volunteers Delayed
By K1NGsBURY SMITH

LONDON Oct Is (NS.) -Drasc action against Italy fol
her continued refusal withdraw Italian volunteers from Spain
deferred by the British cabinet today aha
The Washington times., 1937-10-13

hour meeting.
Bowling to Premier Mussolini for
the present at least, the cabinet
decided to hand the volunteer
issue back to the chairman's sub
committee of the international
nonintervention committee.
DEADLINE SET
A brief time limit was imposed,
however, and if no settlement is
reached, Britain will support
Frances demand for opening Of
her Pyrennes frontier to permit
passage of men and munitions to
the Spanish loyalists.
The proposal for Anglo-French
occupation of Minorca in the
Balearic Islands was fatty re.
jected, however.
The cabinet agreed that the
question Of security of British
communications in the Mediter-
ranean has now become Of more
paramount interest than that of
volunteers or, so far as Britain is
concerned, than who wins the
Spanish war.
BALEARIC PROPOSAL
Rather than any occupation of
Minorca, the British went on rec
ord in favor of internationaliza-
ton of the Balearics pending out
come of the Spanish conflict.
If Italy or Spanish Insurgent
General Franco refuse to agree,
the British then will consider
anew the possibility Of an Anglo
French patrol off Minorca, with
orders to all warship commanders
to "resiSt invasion"
The Washington times., 1937-10-13

Representative Vincent Palmi-
sano of Maryland, chairman of
the House District Committee, re-
turned to Washington today and
at once drew up an agenda for
his committee. Senator William
H. King of Utah, chairman Of the
Senate District Committee, Is on
a tour of Hawaii and is expected
back in the Capital by the first
of the month.
ECONOMY is AIM
Reorganization of the local gov
eminent with a view to bringing
about economy and greater eff
cheney and preliminary considera-
ton of a new tax bill loomed as
the most likely centers of District
activity in the special session.
Representative Palmisano said
he hopes to complete conference
consideration of the bill passed by
both Houses designed to mod
ernie the Juvenile Court proce-
dure early in the special session.
The bill went to the conference
CONTINUED on Page 2, Col. 81
The Washington times., 1937-10-13

Cloudy tonight and tomorrow; colder
tonight with minimum about 40; north
winds. "Details on Page 22)
Evening star., 1937-10-08
Nine. Chang Sees Shanghai
Morale Raised as Lines Hold

Shanghai. The results OF this attack
are as yet unknown.
Just at sundown Wednesday eve
ming six seaplanes were seen heading
for Marking, but anti-aircraft fire
from two Sino pursuit planes scared
them of. One Of our pursuit planes
became disabled and this left only one
OF our planes to chase away these
intruders. En- route to their base the
Japanese planes dropped bombs some
distance south of the city Of Marking
and three at the Chuyunc Airdrome,
the results of these being yet un-
known.
Wednesday and yesterday the Sino
troops around Shansi turned the
tables on the invaders near Kwohsien,
which is north of Taiyuan, causing
them to retreat so rapidly that the
Sino troops soon lost contact with
them.
After an all-day battle Wednesday
near Pingyuan, the Japanese troops
were defeated and lost several heavy
guns with heavy casualties. A second
attack on Pingyuan was made yester-
day by about 700 Japanese troops
who were repulsed. Shantung is still
being upheld in the direction of Tai
chow, according to reports we are
receiving here.
(Copyright, 1877
Evening star., 1937-10-08

carried out with a minimum OF
casualties, while teaching their army
to maneuver In preparation for opera
tions on = grand plan.
While this goes on Franco is con-
stantly forced to divert troops to meet
these small offensives.
Personally, think Franco got him
self into fix when he advanced into
Madrid and failed to take 1t, a sit
uatiOn from which he can never extri-
cate himself. Sooner or later he must
risk everything in a major offensive on
the Castilian Plateau.
Riding home at night without lights
toward the blacked-out suburbs OF
Madrid, watching the Dipper and the
North Star with Matthews and talking
about old days under the Southern
Cross, I thought the most vivid i'm
preston OF the day was not the she'll
ing. Shells are all much the same
and. II they don't hit you, there's no
story. and, II they do. you won't have
to write it. In that yellow waste Of
plain, carpets of purple flowers like
crocuses had come up where the wheat
fields had been set aflre with incen-
diary bullets. In the dark I remem-
bered a garden in Key West and
thought, II Franco is going to take
Evening star., 1937-10-08

ceive, but 1t was actually q relief to
hear shells, being fired at 4 definite
objective, strike the earth and burst
with m honest mud-throwing thump
after the feeling one gets about the
indiscriminate shelling in the stony
streets Of Madrid.
Brunette was not a last desperate
EFFORT by the government. to relieve
the siege OF Madrid, but the first in a
series OF offensives launched on the
realistic basis of regarding the war
as OF a possible duration Of two years.
In order to understand the Spanish
War. 1t is necessary to realize the
rebels are holding on to single
linked-up line of trenches on an 300
mile front. They are holding forth
f1ed towns, often unconnected by any
defenses, but those which dominate
the country around them.
The government first began to
maneuver in a counter-o offensive that
beat the Italians at Guadalajara. At
Brunette, the government troops were
not yet experienced enough to turn
and take their objectives on time so
that the whole front could advance.
But they held and threw back a
counter-o offensive that cost the rebels
more men than they could afford to
lose. The Loyalist casualties were es-
timated at $4,000. The rebel counter
offensive across that bare terrain,
lacking any element Of surprise, must
have cost them many more than that.
Nibbling Offensive Completed.
While Frances troops have been
advancing this week in the Asturias,
the government troops have just COM
pleted. another nibbling offensive in
the extreme Northern Aragon which
brings them within striking distance
Of Jaca. just now.they are in striking
distance OF Huesca, Saragossa and
Teruel. They can fight on in this
way indefinitely, improving their posi-
tions in series Of small offensives,
with limited objectives, designed to be
Evening star., 1937-10-08

back, and Quijorna. the left halfback.
Halfway to Navalcarnero was Bru-
nete, the fullback. All the villages
were heavily fortified by the rebels and
all were captured by the government,
but the play was not run of smoothly.
The timing was wrong.
A dangerous salient was formed,
with Brunette its head, and for a
time it looked undefendable In the
event Of a counter offensive. The
capture of the right halfback position
of Villanueva del Pardillo and the
heights beyond made it possible to
defend the salient, and, when the
counter-offensive came, the govern
ment held all its gains during five
days of the bloodiest fighting of the
war, except the town OF Brunette it.
self and narrow slice of the front
of its salient. The front line is now
just halfway between Villanueva de
la Canada and Brunette itself.
Treeless roads and complete alb
sence of cover exposed the troops on
both sides to terrific punishment
by artillery fire and incessant attacks
by enemy aircraft. How visible any
is on that bare plain we
found out when Herbert Matthews of
the New York Times, Seton Delmer
of the London Daily Express and
visited the Brunette front in Delmer's
automobile. flying British and Ameri-
can flags from the mudguards.
From the heights we could look
into the Town of Brunette and see
rebel soldiers walking about the
streets and noticed with surprise
that the church tower is still stand
ing and many houses are moderately
intact In town reported pounded
into dust. We walked back to the
road, and the Ford followed gov
ernment staff car that raced over
a shell-pocked, black asphalt road
into Villanueva de la Canada. There
an officer rushed out to the car
and halted us, saying We could not
Evening star., 1937-10-08
BY NINE. CHANG KAI-SHEK,

NANKING, October 8.-The con-
centrated wrath OF the japanese
against us continued to explode along
the Sino lines toward Shanghai with
relentless ferocity. They are using
numerous heavy artillery guns, huge
tanks and fleets OF airplanes.
The sixth day Of this sixth big
offensive ended with the Japanese
both startled and shaken In their
confidence. The residents of Shanghai
are realizing that the Sino troops are
still holding their ground against all
these onslaughts and 1t Il a COM
forting feeling.
Our enemies have main thrust in
the direction Of Liuhang and Lotian,
but all these attacks have been re-
pulsed, partly by counter attacks.
with very heavy losses of japanese
troops in the Chapel sector. Very
heavy artillery fire and bombing at
tacks by shock troops we're repulsed.
Near Lotian there was much activity
between the outposts. In the evening
the Sino plants along the River
Hoping were raided, the japanese
attempting to destroy Idzumo and
the air field This caused a great
display Of anti-aircraft activity around
Evening star., 1937-10-08

watched a haff-dozen shells land
close to a cross-road toward Quijorna
while the officer explained that a
rebel artillery observation post in the
Brunete church tower had evidently
taken the beflagged Ford for some
sort OF super-staff car.
Being sniped at with 6-inch stuff
is compliment journalists rarely re-
Evening star., 1937-10-08

proceed. They have seen your car
with the flags and are shelling the
road" he said.
Mistaken for staff Car.
There was a crashing thump,
cloud of black smoke shot up a hun
dred yards ahead where 6-inch
high explosive shell landed beside the
road. We got out of our car and
Evening star., 1937-10-08
BY ERNEST HEMINGWAY.

MADRID, October 8 IN. A. N. A.,
by Wireless).-In the Fall, the Cas-
tilian plateau is the color of a lion
and as bare as a clipped dog. Look
ing across the fiat yellowness from
a hill crest where the old line had
run. you saw four villages and a dis
tant town. The town was Navalcar-
nero on the Estremadura road, which
was the ultimate objective in the great
Government offensive of July. 1t
showed blue in the distance, church
steeples rising above the yellow plain
where 10000 men fought each other
to deadlock in the fiercest battle of
the Spanish War.
The Navalcarnero road was defend
ed by the four villages you saw below
They lay almost in the positions of a
backf1eld of an American foot ball
team set to receive a kickoff; Villa
nueva del Pardillo. the right halfback;
Villanueve de la Canada, the quarter
Evening star., 1937-10-08
MADRID STILL KEY
TOREBEL SUCCESS
Government Troop Tactics
Show Growing Mastery
of War Technique.

The strategy OF the government
forces and the situation around
Madrid, irhere the decisive battle
OF the Spanish cipil ,Ddr is expected
to be ultimately fought, is described
here By the noted American author
OF Death in the Afternoon, Fare
UeN to Arms" and other stories.
Evening star., 1937-10-08

the offensive. let's have 1t soon and
get 1t over with.
(Copyrisht. 1887. By the North American
Newspaper Alliance, Inc)
Evening star., 1937-03-14

deterrent to German warlike ambi-
tions. For the time being, the diplo-
matte battle in Eastern Europe seems
to have ended with score for peace.
Marshal Rydz-Smigly is also con-
fronted with large number Of domes-
tic problems. Poland is poor and
thickly settled; her peasant population
has been hard hit by the worldwide
farm crisis. The proximity Of Russia
and Germany has stimulated eco
nomic and political uneasiness. AS
one of the "have-not" nations Poland
is beginning to lay claim to more
equitable distribution OF the worlds
raw materials. The colonial question
has become an issue.
Further complications have been
caused by the presence Of millions of
non-Poles, representing about one
third of the entire population. There
are more than 100000 Jews in the
country. most Of them near the hunger
level. Emigration overseas is strictly
limited and extreme nationalist propa-
ganda to exclude the minorities from
certain walks of life is strong. The
opposition parties hint at the betrayal
of the ideals to which the new Poland
had been dedicated Meanwhile the
idea OF dictatorship makes headway.
and the life of the opposition ebbs.
It remains to be seen how Marshal
Rydz-Smigly will tackle these prob
lens. His background is liberal, and
his mind is open. He looks at the
world from the broad viewpoint OF
the artist He may be able to reconcile
the love of his country with the love
of all men. Such broadminded die
tator would be Handicapped, Of course,
as strong man is supposed to be q
lingo. But the marshal has winning
ways and he may succeed where others
have failed.
On the other hand, too much power
may turn his head, although as yet he
has given no evidence Of 1t.
The social whirl is not for him, and
his free time Is devoted to serious
study. His early education as phil
osopher may stand him in good stead
If he is to avoid the pitfalls Of dictator
ships. His countrymen have learned
to know him as reliable statesman
a high praise In these days Of special
political ethics.
Evening star., 1937-03-14

subsection. Here the tragedy Of a
nation was plainly written
He might have become philosopher
OF art, the author of erudite disserta-
tions, If his path had not been crossed
by human tornado. Joseph Pilsud-
ski, then a Socialist revolutionary
fighting for Poland's future, selected
him as his collaboration, and Edward
Rydzs life as a conspirator and
soldier began.
FOresaw World War.
Poland was to be liberated-but how?
The three Emperors seemed invincible
and they kept the Poles in place with
the aid of the police, the jails and the
galloWs. Pilsudski foresaw the World
War and realized that it would be a
most powerful ally. He trained hun
dreds of his followers in the military
arts, so as to be prepared. Some of
them he sent to Paris, others to Mont
pelller and Berne, where they learned
all there was to be known about the
warfare that was to come Thus he
created an excellent sharpshooter or
ganization, in which Rydz became an
Evening star., 1937-03-14

officer, and as such received its in
signia-the parasol.
The World War broke out and Pill
sudski's army moved to make history.
They sided with the central powers,
as Russia was considered the coming
Polands most dangerous foe Pill
sudski's Polish Legion won widespread
recognition for discipline and valor.
But the idea of the central powers
about the war differed from that of
the Polish patriots. Disagreement en-
sued, and the German government
had Pilsudski confined to Magdeburg
fortress. Now Rydz assumed COM
mand Of the Polish military organi-
cation, the far-famed P. o. w, an
underground crop. Then it was that
he assumed the name of Smigly.
From the point of view of the CEN
trail powers the war took turn for
the worse. The German and Austrian
empires were cracking up; imperial
Russia had already cleared the field
During the night of November s, 1918,
Polish provisional government was
formed, and Rydz-Smigly became its
minister Of war. But the laurels went
Evening star., 1937-03-14
Woman Will Attempt
To Photograph Fairies

Miss Paula Spere, % years old, OF
Glasgow, Scotland, is preparing to
take photographs Of fairies this Sum-
mer. She has seen them for three
years, has been studying their ways,
she says. She thinks that, given hot,
clear weather, she will be able to snap
them with an ordinary small camera.
She also expects to get pictures OF
brownies, elves and gnomes.
Fairies are low in the evolutionary
SCALE" she says. They have no in
dividuality, but work in groups like
ants and bees, carrying out Natures
plans Conan Doyle believed in fairy
photographs.
Evening star., 1937-03-14
Shortage of Paper
In Russia Stressed

MOSCOW CP-The story of how
a vodka factory bought a carload
of school tablets for substitute labels
while the children were forced to
write their lessons on margins of old
newspapers is told by the newspaper
Komsomolskaya Pravda as proof of q
long-existing tablet crisis.
The paper shortage has long beer
acute in Russia because most of the
wood pulp is exported to ready world
market and domestic paper factories
are not yet geared to home demands
The newspaper attributes the crisis
to buck passing" among four com.
missariats.