davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1937-06-10
Spelling an Achievement.
rom the Duluth News-Tribune,

1ioH lne DuIulN news tribune.
Whenever something big enough to
interest the whole world is attempted
there is usually some incident tending
to spoil it all
While the world was still feeling a
thrill at the news of the audacious at
tempt of a group of Russian scientists to
set up quarters at the North Pole itself
and to stay there for long time, the
voice OF Prof. Ludol Samoilovitch was
heard in statement that Robert E.
Peary, the American explorer, had not
come within $50 kilometers of the Pole.
Soviet people we're the first to get there,
he said.
Russia announced that 1t claimed the
Pole for its own
The National Geographic Society
checked Peary's records on his return
and expressed it's confidence in his story.
Since the Pole itself is water, covered
with ice that sometimes shifts, it is hard
to see how even Prof. Samoilovitch can
be sure that Peary was not there.
, At present the Russians are said to
be drifting toward North America at
the rate of half mile day. In a place
where that happens who can say whether
man reached the Pole generation
ago? No mark he left could possibly be
at the Pole today. And what does it mean
to the Arctic whether it's visitors and
and its newest conquerors are Com
munists, Royalists, Republicans or
Anarchists?
Attacking the achievements of a man
long dead with such an attempt to make
propaganda Of a brilliant piece of work
is to be regretted by all.
Evening star., 1937-06-10
Constitution Exhibition.

The Manuscript Division of the Ii
brary of Congress currently is exhibit
ing documents and letters relating to
the Constitutional Convention of 1887,
and residents of the District of Colum-
bia, as well as seasonal visitors to the
Nations Capital, are advised not to
miss the opportunity to see for them
selves this fascinating evidence of the
processes represented in the writing of
the basic charter of American liberty.
Inspection of the material displayed
will serve to convince the average Wis
itor OF the fact that the Constitution
was no accident Of literary compost
tion. Nothing new," it has been de-
clared, comes into the world without
pain" The elemental law of the land
patiently was not sn exception to that
rule. Rather, it is indicated that arduous
labor of heart and mind was neces-
sary for the production Of the Federal
Union.
For example, George Washington re-
quired to be persuaded to journey to
Philadelphia The Library shows one
Evening star., 1937-06-10
Trotzky's Admissions.
from the Buffalo Evening News.

From the Buffalo Evening News.
Admissions recently made by Leon
Trotzky, now an exile in Mexico. 90 to
prove that Josef " Stain, the dictator
of the Russian Soviet State, was not
far wrong when he charged his former
colleague with plotting to overthrow
the government at Moscow For Trotzky
is frank to say that he is behind move
ment to organize the Fourth Interna-
tionale. However, he emphasizes that it
is a movement" which he would have
the world believe is different from q
plot.
Il have no official position in the
movement" says Trotzky. II serve it
through my books and articles pub
lished in various languages throughout
the world. I can say with satisfaction
that many partisans of the Fourth Inter-
nationale-many, but by no means all
attach some Importance to my opinions. ="
The Russian exile represents that the
Third Internationale no longer operates
and that the movement for the Fourth
1nternationale IS in order. It is equiva-
lent to saying that the time is ripe to
move against the Stain dictatorship, to
go forward with plans to establish in
Russia regime bearing the Trotzky
stamp. Such movement certainly may
be described as a plot. Thus it would
appear that the charges aired at the re-
cent Moscow treason" trials were not
altogether empty. This is not to condone
the methods employed by the Stain
regime with respect to them, but it is
to suggest that, on the admissions Of
Trotzky. there was basis for action
hy Moscow.
Evening star., 1937-06-10

pers, and the American importers as
we'll, found themselves without bottoms
in which to transport goods either into
or out Of the country, there has been q
determined minority which has said
such condition shall not arise again
to plague the American people. Presi-
dent Harding in vain sought to bring
about the passage of ship subsidy BILL
His successors saw various acts put
through to encourage an American
merchant marine and to provide for
the operation Of the merchant vessels
which had been acquired or constructed
at great cost during the World War.
None OF them, however, has been en-
tlrely adequate. The most recent is
that creating the Maritime Commission
enacted last year, and much is hoped
from that new law Under 1t the Gov
ernment has available $4,000, 900 to aid
IN the maintenance of shipping. What
IS needed in addition, however, as the
PRESIDENT very clearly points out is new
construction, before the present vessels
are out OF commission because of age.
The short-sighted policy would be to
let the American merchant marine die
as 1t died before the World War and
had been dead for years. The Ameri-
can people put up almost 100000 900
IN the World War days to build
merchant fleet. 1t is not an experience
which the American people remember
with any degree of satisfaction. The
program now advanced by the President
Is to provide not only for the needs of
American commerce, but to permit the
construction Of feet which can be used
IN time OF war as auxiliary to the NAVY
and the Army. 1t is national defense
measure, as well as a protection TO
American commerce.
Evening star., 1937-06-10
Mistaken Haste.

Representative Kennedy of Maryland,
chairman Of the House District Com
mittee's special subcommittee on taxes,
has doubtless worked as hard as any
body on the new tax bills reported to
the House yesterday. He is, of course,
impressed with the need for reasonable
speed In getting the measures before
the House. But to say that citizens of
the District have had any opportunity
to express themselves on the new tax
measures is not to state the matter ac-
curately.
Nobody had any definite idea of what
the omnibus tax measure would contain
until 1t was introduced in the House
by Mr.. Kennedy. And it is entirely un-
reasonable to expect intelligent criticism
OF any tax measure until one knows what
the tax measure provides.
Between Mr.. Kennedy's subcommittee
and the District Building, the tax matter
was shuttled back and forth with amaz-
ing and confusing speed, which seemed
to produce little except confusion.
Today 1t would be a sales tax. Next
day 1t would be an income tax. The
day following it would be a combined
sales tax and privilege tax, whatever
that meant. One day gasoline taxes
were to be boosted. The next day parko-
meters we're to be installed and there
were to be no higher gasoline taxes.
The weight tax was to be substituted
for the personal property tax, the in
come tax for the intangibles tax. and
then 1t comes out that instead of two
new taxes substituted for two old taxes,
the people of the District are to have
both the old and the new taxes with a
lot OF the money raised to prevent a
deficit segregated in a special fund
where 1t will not apply to the deficit.
With all sympathy for the difficult
laoors performed by Mr.. Kennedy and
the members of his subcommittee and
the gentlemen. at the District Building
who helped them, the very thing has
happened which should have been
avoided. An omnibus tax measure is
rushed to the House with no certainty
as to what it will yield and with no
public hearings to record the views of
those speaking to its specific provisions
for very few people know what its
specific provisions contain. That sort
OF thing leads to mistakes, which must
be repented at leisure by the taxpayers
affected.
Evening star., 1937-06-10
Income Tax Exemptions
More Important ThanCifts

To the Editor Of The Star:
That was a graceful gesture on the
part of Cecile Calling suggesting day"
for single people, but 1t occurs to me,
since they have progressed this far they
can worry along without it.
However, something of vital impor-
tance can be done in correcting a long,
standing evil and that is the exemption
OF the income tax-single persons, 81, 900;
married persons $2,5OO
l have handled the income tax for my
employer for good many years. The
FEBRUARY report calls for single persons
making $1,000 or more, therefore, the
government has no check on married
persons making less than $2,50O. From
my desk can see three woman stenog-
raphers-they all make the same salary
L report the two single women but not
the married woman. The single women,
although they both contribute to the
upkeep Of homes, get 81 900 exemption,
While the married woman and her hus-
band get $2.500-they have no children,
They both work
l know a young man who is buyinp
a home for his family; widow who has
brought up her own family and since
that time practically all of her income
has gone for adenoids, buttons or tonsils
for other people, and young woman
who not only pays for the upkeep of
an invalid sister in the South, but con-
tributes in various ways to relatives,
near and otherwise. Each gets an ex-
emption Of 81 900.
1t costs more for single persons to live
than it does married persons. If the
married person is entitled to an exemp-
ton Of $3.50 then the single person
is entitled to $3.50. If there are chill
dren 1t Is different matter.
j. FRANCES STEELE.
Evening star., 1937-06-10
Shooting Stars.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON
A Golden Age.

I've read the advertisements
Bout things you ought to take
For instantaneous relief
From every pain an ache.
No matter what the trouble,
They will cure it, safe and quick.
Expense is jest a trif1e.
What's the use of being sick?
And in the next door column
The financial folks exclaim
How ten dollars is invested
To bring thousands, all clear gain.
They show you calculations
Which are absolutely sure
To lead the way to fortune.
Where's the sense OF being poor?
I'm mighty glad I'm living
In lucky time like this;
The chances are so many
That I can't tell which to miss.
An I want the world to Join me
In my gratitude intense.
We can all be rich and happy
At a nominal expense.
Evening star., 1937-06-10
Italy in Palestine.

Light is thrown by Jerusalem dis
patches on the true inwardness of recent
antl-Semitic manifestations in Italv. It
appears that the Arabs in Palestine. in
order to broWbeat Great Britain into
curolng zionism, are eagerly promoting
tasclst imperialist ambitions in the
Mediterranean and Near East. incl,1dino
the Holy Land. To emphasize their
spltetW attitude toward Britain and
their hatred OF Zionism, Arab politicians
are now doing their utmost to popularize
both Mussolini and Hitler and their
cults, while depicting the dictators as
the only true friends of the Moslem
universe
The Palestinian Arabs have convinced
themselves that systematic exaltation
OF II Duce is the surest method of ir-
rltating the British and of extorting
from them anti-Zionist concessions
This process has been in cumulative
progress ever since John Bull in last
years Ethiopian crisis, failed to display
that interchangeable might in tho
mediterranean which has SO long been a
tradition in the Near East. BY exhibi-
ton OF pro-Italian tendencies, the Arabs
claim they have achieved substantial
results. They cite, for instance, the
TACT that only ITO Jewish imnigration
labor certificates were authorized in re-
cent times, although the Jewish Agency
had asked for more than 10000. Arab
hopes OF coercing the British with a
pro-1tallan club even rose to a point
where there was expectation that Lon
don, on the occasion of King Georges
oirthday this week, would pardon the
numerous Arabs imprisoned for COM
pllclty in last years uprising against
the British and the Jews.
Italy reveals every inclination to ex-
plot Arab resentment of the British
refusal to repress Zionism. Systematic
Italian propaganda is reaching Palestine
through Arabic radio broadcasts and
antl-Britlsh material distributed by the
Italian government news agency. The
burden OF the appeal for Arab support
is the contention that the movement to
resurrect Jewish state is myth" and
that the Zionist movement Is merely
an instrument of British domination
IN the Eastern Mediterranean" AS
such, 1t is protrayed as an intolerable
challenge to the Arab race. All this.
OF course, dovetails into Mussolini's
recent proclamation as the Grand
Protector of Islam,' rank to which
he laid claim following the conquest of
Ethiopia 'and the deliverance of its
Moslems from the yoke of the Negus,"
1t is deplorably apparent that the
Zionist ideal, never more firmly rooted
IN world opinion as practical solution
OF the problem of Jewish oppression in
many lands, is becoming a catspaw in
the ruthless game of Mediterranean
politics, with Arabs and Italians ready
TO make common cause for the uncon-
cealed purpose Of thwarting Great
Britain. Whether Islam under Fascism
the Arabs in Palestine, in particular
would enjoy any greater degree of ma
tlonal contentment than is vouchsafed
them by the British "oppressor" is open
to grave question.
Evening star., 1937-06-10
Merchant Ships,

President Roosevelt has again called
to the attention of Congress the need
Of an adequate American merchant ma
rine. He has always been entirely
frank about the need of Government
aid to the development and maintenance
Of the merchant marine. His present
proposal is for s16o0O0,OoO, to be used
in aiding American shipping companies
IN the construction Of new merchant
vessels, freight and passenger. The ap-
preparation he now asks is $4,000, 900
to make a beginning, with the other
S150,000,000 authorized but to be ap-
propriated later.
There are good and substantial reasons
why subsidy-to call it by its most
unlovely name-is necessary for the
American merchant marine. First, the
laws relating to the merchant marine
IN this country make the operation cost
much more than the operation of COM
peting foreign merchant vessels. Sec
ond, foreign maritime nations subsidize
conditions of competition American
ocean-going shipping has had tough
time.
The President has concerned himself,
IN this proposal, particularly with the
need of new vessels. The present fleet
Is becoming obsolete, faster and faster.
There is no ocean-going shipbuilding
under way in this country, except for a
few tankers. The program now ad-
vanced is expected to add ninety-five
new vessels to the American overseas
merchant marine. For in addition to
the funds advanced by the Government
for ship construction, the shipping COM
panies are expected to make their own
contributions, which will very materially
swell the total amount to be expended.
Ever since the World War, when the
American producers and American ship
Evening star., 1937-06-10
Commemorative Days Not
Intended To Be Vacations

10 the Eoltor OF The Star:
Not many days ago, read in The Star
that a certain Representative in Con-
greSs proposed placing all holidays due
Government workers on Monday so
that the vacation period might be con-
tinuous-Saturday, Sunday and Monday,
l wonder if this man knows that GER
tain days are made holidays in order
that the patriotic citizens may honor
the memory of outstanding personalities
and not, primarily, to give Government
employees vacation. If we are not to
use February %, February II, May 80.
etc. as days to commemorate great occa-
slons, then let us eliminate the HOLIDAYS
entirely. Perhaps it would be as we'll
to do so, for there are millions of people
who think Of these days in terms of
pleasure jaunts and give no thought to
the reason for setting aside this special
Gay. A. M. GARDNER.
Evening star., 1937-06-10
AutOcratic Possibilities
In Legislative Program
To the Editor of The Star:

40 Jlie EulLOr OF Inc Star.
How long shall we let our passion for
reform blind us to the absurdities and
manifold iniquities of the Roosevelt re-
eime? When the Presidents crudely
callous assault upon the Supreme Court
shocked his adherents into alarmed re-
volt, it was hoped that the scales had
at last fallen from their eyes, that they
would now see the situation steadily and
see it whole.
The Senate judiciary hearings de-
stroyed that hope. Opposition to court
packing was indeed welcomed, but only
from otherwise devout believers In the
new Utopia.
The court bill, we are assured, is
dead. But nobody can assure us that
IN the smoke screen of its demise things
equally sinister will not be jammed
through a heatridden Congress- New
and more drastic N. R. AS are afoot
and the autocratic possibilities of the
reorganization bill may we'll appall u.s.
1t has been urged as a merit in Mr.
Roosevelt that he knows no fear. If
that be true, and his light-hearted
eagerness to try everything twice seems
to prove it, it goes far to explain the
present perilous coalition of ruthless
doctrinaire and petty politician.
R. D. MILLER.
Evening star., 1937-06-10

Of Edmund Randolph's letters to the
Father Of his Country, pleading for his
attendance at the convention Had the
petition failed, who can say what the
outcome would have been? The citi-
zen-soldier of Mount Vernon was an
imperative human asset in the circum-
stances. Probably no other individual
could have taken his place. He was,
in sober truth, the man of the hour
pre-eminently fitted for the work, trust
ed, respected as no one else was or could
have been at the moment.
The part played by James Madison
also is demonstrated in the Library ex-
hibit. He was possessed OF the genius
to prepare for his task, and his notes,
written in his own hand during long
months OF careful study OF different
systems of Confederate" government,
prove his devotion. AS historian of the
convention, he is entitled to the graf
itude of successive generations. His
journals are the principal source books
OF their knowledge Of the debates which
in the end produced their democratic
republic.
Benjamin Franklin's notes likewise
are on display. So, too, are the Vir-
ginia and New Jersey plans" submitted
to the convention, and many other
papers relating to the development of
the final instrument. And not the least
significant of the records is the page
OF the Civil List on which is computed
the cost Of the convention to the erst-
While Colonies-a mere s1,1659o! II
money ever was better invested, the
world has not heard of the occasion.
Evening star., 1937-06-10
Postwar Generation and
The German Atrocities

To the Editor OF The Star:
There are lot OF fledgling college
graduates, amateur historians and or
binary wise guys around, most of whom
were babes in arms during the World
War, who, nevertheless. know Just why
we entered the war and who can point
out to you exactly how stories of Ger
man atrocities originated in the minds
OF the propagandists.
For the benefit of myself and other
veterans who had the privilege of fight
Ing in France for Uncle Sam and who
had visual evidence of the way in which
Germany Waged war, will the gentlemen
tand ladies' in question please explain
the slaughter, without warning, of the
women and children of Almeria by the
Dig brave German navy, or hereafter
hold their peace.
EDISON w. BANE.
Evening star., 1937-06-10

The sun does four things for human
beings. 1t lights their world. 1t warns 1t,
it sterilizes it and 1t helps certain proc
esses Of nutrition.
1t does as much for fishes swimming In
the home aquarium.
Here we have something new In pisca-
torial circles, for in Nature the rays Of
the sun seldom strike deep enough to do
all these things.
In the glass walled tank all the plain
benefits OF sunshine may be received by
the animals with fms.
Once the keeper starts to think OF his
charges as beings with f1ns instead Of
arms and legs he comes to give them
more attention than when he regards
them as lust fish,"
Summer sun Is hot however.
1t has way Of burning through glass;
especially its heat rays. Modern science
has shown us that the light of the sun
is not single, but multitudinous. Instead
Of just one sort of light, 1t is a complex
Of blended lights, along with heat.
Certain forms of this light do not pene-
trate ordinary window glass very well,
but that fact should not make the ambi-
e4Oto 1ioll hCCpCl lCldA Ills flRlldIlCc.
Some of the ultraviolet rays do get
through, to help the fishes in their liv-
ing, but at the same time they tend to
increase that bane of the aquarium, the
free-living forms Of green algae, which
so often render the water pea -soupy"
The keeper thus finds himself on tho
horns OF dilemma: If he gives the tank
no sun it is not SO good for the fishes;
II he gives too much it is likely to be
bad for the water and, so, the fishes.
1t must always be kept in mind that
the Summer sun is hot. If the aquarium
is small-say one or two, or even five,
gallons-there Is some real danger OF
oVerheating the water from too long
exposure to the direct rays Of the sun.
Some sunshine is good, either for a
tank Of tropical fishes or plain, ordinary
goldflshes. To permit the water tenn
perature to be raised to the 90s, however,
and higher, as is sometimes the case,
is to risk spelling the water and cooking
the fish.
1t is very dangerous, then, to advise
any one to give an aquarium sunshine,
because here as elsewhere many persons
think II little is good, great deal will
be just that much better
There is happy medium, which de-
pends so much upon the chemistry of the
particular tank, whichever one it may
be, that it Is impossible to give specific
directions.
Beginners, especially, in a fascinating
hobby most often fail to realize that even
the smallest bowl of guppies is mar
velous chemical laboratory in which in
tricate processes are taking place be-
tween the water, the fishes, the air, the
food and the plants.
Great changes in little these, which
would tax the intelligence of the
brainiest chemist in the world to solve
completely.
Plants under the action of sunshine
give out oxygen. At night they consume
oxygen in the water and give forth car
bon dioxide. The fishes do the same, so
that in the morning the concentration of
the latter gas is very heavy. The ami
Evening star., 1937-06-10
Follow European Situation
With a Good Man

With war clouds lowering, do you own
an up-to-the-minute map of Europe?
Epochal news is flashing from the con-
tinent every day. Will there be war
soon? Can Europe keep the peace?
Scores of such questions occur in the
news dispatches every day and you will
need this excellent Map OF Europe to
follow the news quickly and accurately.
The map, 21X28 inches in size, is In
five colors; shows old and new boundaries
of all countries, and on the reverse side
IS wealth of the latest data, economic,
geographic and political. offered at a
cost and handling charge Of ten cents.
Get your copy now.