davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-04-27
The Power of Words
Cincinnati Enuuirer)

Cincinnati Enqurer)
 "The Congress shall have power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the sev era states Aiff'
 The founding fathers weighed their words with the utmost realizin1s the colossal responsibility they had assumed. But probably not one of them had a full appreciation of the power their words would mand in the 5O years to come. Certainly of them could have suspected the millions of words of exegesis that would come to surround one simple sen- tence of ther-the famous commerce clause"
 In writing the opinion of the majority in the Jones ard Laughlin case, Chief Justice Hughes adding la momentous chapter to the of interpretation Turning once more to the simple and yet ambiguous words of that clause, which much controversy has ragged for more than century, the Chief Justice has brought new vitality to the words of the framers
 The court seeks first the intention of the framers the inherent meaning of the words themselves. It examines the mass of opinions handed down in years past which amplfy and clarfy the terms of the sttuton itself It must also read the pertinent in the light of other parts of the constitution Finally and Of the utmost importance in the latest the Justices survey the economic society in which live and seek to fit the words of the constitution to the facts of time.
 It is laborious process this microscopic examna- tion of historic phrases in the light of odays cir cumstances To many it will seem futile and savor- ing of obscurantsm. But it is the only process ot which we have knowledge in America by which we can retain the continuity of fixed constitutional prin- ciples and still enjoy the patent benefits of flexible government. The broad principle of the commerce clause is unchanging The specific industries and types of activity which fall within the category of interstate commerce have been and today steadily shifting just the nature of our economic system is changing
 generation ago manufacture in large part local process. Today, the Chief Justice pointed out, and industry such Jones and Laughlin oper- ates in many states with thousands upon thousands of employees mining coal and iron and limestone fabrcatng metals transporting material and fin ished products Such business is national and not local in its character. Thus the commerce power re- mains the same concept it at first But it's scope
 has increased because has changed so great ly in character.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-04-27
MODERN
 ETIQUETTE By Roberta Lee

@. In what position should a person hold his hand while eating at the table?
 A. The hand should be held in an erect position, but not stiffly The body should bend forward slightly, of course, when taking a bite; but the head should never be bent over the plate.
 @. Which is the proper way for a young unmarried woman to sign her name to a business letter, "Hel- en Brown" or, Miss Helen Brown !?
 A. Neither. She should sign her name, tMiss) Helen Brown, enclos- ing the Miss in parentheses.
 Q. Is it permissible for one to lean across the table in order to shake hands, when being introduc- ed? 4.
 A. No It is ill-bred to do so. sl
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-04-27
Horoscope "The stars incline
 but do not compel'
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 2s, 1887

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 28, 1887
 Adverse planetary influences rule today, according to astrology. The morning may be time for discour- agement and lack of energy Posi- tive thinking along practical lines is important under this sway.
 Dissension among all classes of men and women may. be prevalent under this direction of the stars which inclines toward destructive criticism.s
 Members of Congress may be sus- Iceptible to the evil forces of the heavens. Bitter debates and odd Judgments are Indicated. Financial discussions will be long drawn out.
 Warming is given that the, sum- mer will be increasingly warm. Re- sort hotels will profit and country homes will multiply.
 Law suits of a sensational na- ture may be expected. While civ il actions may be of unusual char ter there will be criminal cases of extraordinary viciousness.
 Robberies are to be numerous and will demonstrate novel methods of obtaining large amounts of money. Owners of jewels and furs will be wise to carry adequate insurance.
 Plaques of insects now will be- gin to cause losses to farmers and gardeners. Forests will sustain ser ious damage.
 Dentists are subject to rule that foreshadows increase of patients, owing to unusual diseases of the mouth. Inventions of supreme im- portance in making artificial teeth are forecast.
 Persons whose birthdate it is have the augury of year of gain through inheritance as yell as through hard work. Sudden decis- ions and nasty resentments may tempt many to their own undoing.
 Children born on this day prob ably will be inclined to serious thought. Many subjects of this sign are writers or editors.
 zebulon Reed Broadway, peno- logist. was born on this day 1927. Others who have celebrated it as a birthday include Ezra Abbott, Bible scholar, 1919; Robert Bonner, jour nalist, 1924.
 Copyright, 1937)
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-04-27
LABOR DICTIONARY

In this day of labor bargaining and change UT industrial setup terms are born to cover ne onditions; or, to be more exact, old words in nc ress Collective bargaining is, of course famili most of us due to its frequent use in the past fe ears but there are many other terms in the changi 'bor picture. The following enlightenng labor di onary compiled by the New York Times gives { Interpretation of those most commonly used:
 Individual Bargaining: Discussion between management and single employe determin- ing the latter's wages hours or other working conditions
 Collective Bargaining: Discussion between management and group of organized work CTS, the latter usually represented by agents who may or may not be employees of the man. agement, to determine the conditions that shall apply to the group
 Exclusive Collective Bargaining: Collective bargaining in which one organized group is accepted by the management as speaking for all the workers ina given craft plant or de- partment.
 Preferential Bargaining: Policy by which the management gives preferential status to single bargaining group; it may agree not to negotiate with another group on a given sub Ject first and not to grant another group better terms
 Craft Union A labor union organized along the lines of single craft or trade on horizontal basis which cuts across indus tries.
 Industrial Union: labor union seeking to embrace all the workers in and about a given industry regardless of craft, trade or any other occupational demarcation
 Company Union: An organization of enl- ployes of single plant or company; it is distinguished from a labor union which covers wider field Frequently a company union is launched and assisted or encouraged by the management Through it's representa- tives in the plant it may ask for better condi- tions, but its constitution may give the man. agement final power of decision . ,-
 Employe- Representation Plan The name z sometimes given by management to type of company union.
 Yeow-Dog Contract: A contract offered by the management to individual workers pledging them not to join labor union.
 Open Shop: plant department which does not require labor-union membership as a condition of employment and which usually refuses to deal with unions, saying it selects its employees regardless of union affiation Closed Shop: plant department which requires laborunion membership as condi- tion of employment. Some plants have a closed-shop condition in departments an open-shop condition in others)
 Preferential Shop: A plant or department in which the employer agrees to give prefer ence to labor unions members in hiring new employees. In some cases he agrees also to
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-04-27
Bureau Builds Tunnel
 for Coal Mine Research

WASHINGTON, April 27. The Bureau of Mines has undertaken further experiments to improve un- derground conditions affecting the health of miners.
 The bureau has established a re- search tunnel at Mt. Weather Va, spot once considered as a site for a summer White House, to carry on such studies.
 Similar research for coal mines is being done by the bureau at its experimental mine at Bruceton, Pa, where special emphasis is placed on the study of prevention of coal dust explosions.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-04-27
Women Sitdowners 4
 Pioneered in Saloon

MOORESVILLE, Ind, April 27.- The current wave of sit-down strikes lis nothing new here. Back in 1881 the women of this town staged such a siege in a saloon until the bar keeper quit.
 The women objected to having a saloon in Mooresville. They took their knitting and rocking chairs and planted themselves before the bar. They worked in shifts so sev- eral women were always present.
 The barkeeper muttered to him self, then he chewed his nails and swore. His patrons baked at drink , ing before the knitters-in fact they refused even to enter the place. This went on for days until the barkeepel admitted defeat and moved out of town.
 TOdaV'S News Todav-En1nirE
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-04-27
The Lucky Americas
(New York World Telegraph

tNeW York WOrd-Telegram)
 Democracy" said President Roosevelt in his Pan- American Day address, cannot thrive in an atmos- phere of international insecurity
 Such insecurity breeds mlitarsm, regimentation and the denial of freedom of speech, of peaceful sembly and of religion Such insecurity challenges the ideals of democracy based the free choice of government by. the people themselves" Thus, he concluded, We of the Americas believe that the continued maintenance and improvement of demo- cracy constitutes the most important guarantee of international peace" .g .#-a7-
 We of the Americas truly do not know how lucky we Every frontier of Europe is frontier of fear The sky is not just joyous bue something in spiring to look at but an open avenue of winged death Trees not just beautifully they are screens for advancing troops. Everywhere there is nerve wrackng insecurity which breeds militarism and reg mentation which in turn breed still insecurity.
 From most of these curses we in this hemisphere luckily reasonably free And shall remain fl we of mind to- But first must realize how lucky are, and resolve that, do what we must we are going to stay that way.
 It is thus the President indicated that we can make our greatest contribution to world peace.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-04-27
aa LOOK Mld LEARN. By A. c. Gordon alNi

l. What is the average number of persons per family in the United States? o 2. What is the origin of the ex- pression the lions share? 3. What state, because of its pe- culiar shape, is known as the Pan handle State?
 4. Who was John Clark Rid path?
 5. How many drops are there in one teaspoonful of liquid?
 ANSWERS
 l. 1880 census gives 401 persons 2. One of Aesop's fables, where the lion claimed three-fourths of the spells.
 3. Idaho.
 4. American historian and edu- cator. -..s .se.s .-t4 5. Eighty.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-04-27

Strip teasers tell the judge says headline. From the verdict of guilty it may be assumed they didn't tell him much
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-04-27

Ham and eggs in Juneau restau- rants had been raised from 24 cents to 50 cents on account of the higher Icost of living Roast beef had jumped to 50 cents portion.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-04-27

The continuing volume of scrap metal going to war minded countries is warning the next won't depend scraps of paper Philadelphia Bulletin
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-04-27

Sitdown strike has closed drug company. Maybe a case of labor becoming drug the market
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-04-27

Ohio is to have trailer cathedral Why not? Hell wheels has been without opposition long enough.-(C Chicago TribuneD
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-04-27

One way to shake up Congress, it appears, is to take the members out for boat ride the Potomac
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-04-27
20 YEARS AGO
 From The Empire
APRIL 27. 1917

<hA 4eAo S'J A11'
 A compensation bill was engaging the attention of the Territorial Sen- ate while the House was wrestling with the Aldrich doctor bill, pro- viding for physicians for mining companies.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-04-27

discharge future employees if they do not Jon the union within specified period after they are hired.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-04-27

Visitor in Museuna-- Say don't start, looking at hings or we'll never get aro1nd-Boston Transcript.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-04-27
ATTENTION o. E. S.

Regular meeting Juneau Chapter No. T, Tuesday, at pm. Initia- tion and refreshments. Nugget Chapter No 2 of Douglas officiat- ing.
 LILLIAN G. WATSON, adv. Secretary.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-04-27
Fl A P P -
 -B l R I Fl D AY

The Empire ertends congratula- lions and best t3ishes today, their anniuersa-y, to the toilow- ing:
 APRIL 27 Mrs. Ethel Schramm
 Wilma E. Feero
 Marvin Isaak Eugene Weschenfelder
 Albert Narnan Jerry w. Mckinley Thelma Harvey Boyle
 J. J. Connors
 Albert F. Butcher Charles M Johnson
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-04-27

Empire classiIleos pay.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-04-27


 A warning had been issued through The Empire by Supt. Jack Hayes that reckless auto driving on pub lie highways had got to stop and arrests were promised
 MT. and Mrs. William Franks were to leave Treadwell soon for a trip to California
 Many officials of the Treadwell Company were handing in resigna- tions to prevent embarrassment in case curtailment is necessary on &C., count of the recent cave-in
 George A. Parks had been at Haines and was leaving for Skag- way on business connected with the General Land Office.
 Congress was arguing on the question of conscription. @
 Weather report: Maximum, A minimum 34; clear.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1937-04-27

Today's News Today-Empire.
Imperial Valley press., 1937-04-12
G of {,
Farm Bureau to
Hold Joint Meet

For the first time since either
group was organized in this coun-
ty,. the Associated Chambers of
Commerce and the Imperial Coun-
ty Farm Bureau will meet in joint
session at the Planters hotel, Braw-
ley, at 7:30 pm. April %.
The Associated Chambers will
be host to the farm bureau men,
bers, Secretary E. H. Cain an
nounced Monday, presenting the
largest program of the year. At
tendance is expected to exceed
that of any meeting for sevreal
years.
The general meeting will be pre-
ceded by a business session at $50
pm.
The two organizations, both
countrywide, have never gathered
in Joint meeting to consider the
rural and city problems of the
county as related problems.
Imperial Valley press., 1937-04-12
BILL
LIES AHEAD
OF ASSEMBLY

SACRAMENTO. April II. up
California legislators began the
seventh week of their spring Ses-
sion today with the realization
that they must settle down to work
on controversial subjects immedi-
ately if they hope 10 adjourn be-
fore summer.
The biggest obstacle in the way
of early adjournment was the ad-
ministration's S446, 100000 budget
bill which must be passed by the
legislature this week, but if con-
templated changes are made, three
weeks or more may elapSe before
the lawmakers and the adminiStra-
ton agree upon general appro-
priation measure to finance the
cost of state government for the
next two years.
Already, ways and means COM
mittee members have voted 10 in
crease various budget items by
more than S4,O0O.O0O and it appear
ed at least another s4,0O0000 may
be added before they are through
with the bill.
Imperial Valley press., 1937-04-12

"A detailed investigation of the
wreckage showed no evidence of
failure in the air of the airplane
structure engines or properferS,"
the bureau reported.
The separation of the right
propeller from the engine and the
engine from the wing was proven
beyond a reasonable doubt to be
the result of the impact with the
water. The condition of both pro-
pellers and both engines indicated
that they were rotating and oper-
ating normally at the time of con-
tact with the water, either under
their own inertia while slowing
down, or, in any event, at low
power"
Investigators found the master
switch in the "off" position and
they believed that the pilot had
cut his engines just prior to strik-
ing the water.
There were indications, the re-
port said, that the combined ef-
forts of the two pilots had been
used in an effort to pull back on
the elevator controls to overcome
some mal-functioning" of the
elevator control system, which
guides the plane upward or down.
ward.
"A most careful inspection of
the entire control system, however,
failed to disclose any jamming or
notwithstanding of the system it
self" the report continued, land
no foreign objects, not easily ac-
counted for as result of impact,
were found interfering with these
controls.
The two radio microphoneS were
recovered within the pilots cock
pit but were not found in any
position to suggest their having
interfered with the control of the
airplane in any way. Further in
vestigation, however, showed marks
on the co-pilot's microphone, the
seat rail support, the canvas boot
| around the control column and on
the control column itself, which
suggested that this microphone had
been squeezed between the column
and the seat support. Also, small
piece of bakelite from micro
phone casing was found wedged
between the metals adjacent TO
the seat rail support.
Placing the microphone in the
position indicated by the marks,
Investigators found, prevented the
control column from being brought
back 10 full neutral position which
meant that the nose of the air.
plane could not be raised to level
flight position. .-..
Imperial Valley press., 1937-04-12
Supply Ship
Breaks Down

WASHINGTON. April l2-tUR)-
The Navy department announced
today that it had ordered the mine
sweeper Teal from Balboa, Canal
Zone, to aid the naval supply ship
Vega, which suffered IAN engineer
ing arrangement" in the Pacific
ocean.
The Vega was en- route from the
west coast to Norfolk, Va, when
damaged. No one was injured, but
the boat was forced to reduce its
speed to "steerage way"
Imperial Valley press., 1937-04-12
Project in Yuma
County Will be
Laid Before FIR.

WASHINGTON. April 1s.-Up
The White House announced to-
day that President Roosevelt
would confer today with Chair
man Henry F. Ashurst of the
senate judiciary committed.
Ashurst said he was going to
the White House to Talk irrig-
Cation only"
II am going at the request of
and probably with Hugo b. Far
mer Of Yuma County, Arizona,
in connection with his plan for
an irrigation project i'm Yuma
County" he said. II specifically
said when the conference was
arranged the supreme court
would not be discussed"
Imperial Valley press., 1937-04-12
MINED CONTROLS BLAMED FOR FRISCO BAY AIR CRASE
Public Hearing Will be Held on Milk Marketing

the county and Is in conformity
with the Young Milk Control law,
as amended by the 1897 session OF
the legislature.
Under the stabilization and mar
keting plan proposed for the area
distributors operating with the
area would be required to pay pro-
ducers at the rate of So cents per
Mound milk fat for fluid milk.
Imperial Valley press., 1937-04-12

posed stabilization and marketing
plan for fluid milk bought by dis
tributors from producers for the
proposed area.
The hearing has been called by
the director following the presen-
tation to him of petitions by pro-
ducers supplying more than IS per
cent of the fluid milk sold within
Imperial Valley press., 1937-04-12

SACRAMENTO, April Estate
Director of Agriculture A. A. Brock
announced Monday mat a public
hearing will be nelu April 81 at
10 am, in the Board of Supervis-
ors Room, Court House, Ell Centre,
upon the proposed designation Of
Imperial county as a marketing
area for fluid milk, and upon pro-
Imperial Valley press., 1937-04-12
QUNTYBRIEFs Q(

Roy Binyon, formerly of the Bar
bara Worth Barber shop. is now at
the shop in the Central Pool Hall
and invites his friends and custom
erS to see him there. ala
90
Drug Store Burglarizcd-The In
tcrnational Drug store at $50 East
Main street. Brawley. was burglar
lied this weekend of cash amount
ing TO between $50 and 5000
Brawley police informed the Coun-
ty sheriffs department
Hous hold Goods Stolen - A
quantity of household equipment
was stolen from a house on the
Sawdey ranch northeast of Ell
Centro this weekend. Deputy sher-
ifs are searching for a man sus-
pected of the burglary.
10
We Wish &c Thank our many
friends for their kindness. SYM
pathy. and floral offerings during
the illness and bereavement of our
loved mother.
Signed.
ROSE. BOB. MARY. RAYMOND.
Files Complaint-Kuby Brumbe-
low filed divorce complaint
against j. T. BrumbeloW. accusing
him of extreme cruelty. They mar
ried in Houston, Tex, Dec. l, 1929
and separated Jan. 80. 1887.
American Legion Mountain En-
pire Post dance at Jacumba Casino
Sat, April II SOC couple al6
Imperial Valley press., 1937-04-12
OPERATION ON
BABY PERFORMED

LOS ANGELES, April T.. IUR)-
A coo from a corner of the hos
pital .children's ward today sound
ed something like:
Did you hear about my appen-
dix operation?"
Patrick Reagan, II months old,
is recovering from an appendec-
tony performed April 2. DR.. j. j.
Galbraith said such operations
among babies are sufficiently un-
usual to arouse surgical interest.
Imperial Valley press., 1937-04-12
TWINS BORN II
AT SAME TIME

LOS ANGELES, April IL. tU.P
simultaneous birth of twins
one-in $4,000 times occurrence
was described by two physi-
clans today.
Twin girls weighing and 4:
pounds respectively were born
TO Mrs. Mildred Reubin at the
same moment instead Of one
following the other at an in
terval. This was accomplished
through delicate Obstetrical
maneuver b. DIR. Howard Mer-
rill and DIR. Joseph Reed.
Imperial Valley press., 1937-04-12
Earthquakes Jar
Towns in Greece

ATHENS, April 12.-UP)-Stfohg
earthquakes were reported In the
Gulf of Corinth and at the towns
of Janina and Preveza in the dlSS
trict of Epirus in Northwestern
Greece. No casulties had been re-
norted here
Imperial Valley press., 1937-04-12
BUREAU
REVIEWS TRAGEDY
-IlIl

WASHINGTON. April II WP)-The bureau
the probable Bay
the accidental microphone
controls causing them
persons killed the
Imperial Valley press., 1937-04-12

Drunk Driver Jailed-LlOyd An
drews. az. was sentenced to one
year in Jail on a drunk driving
charge brought against him in
Holtville
Imperial Valley press., 1937-04-12
8Mteat!M?

and Tuesday but with considerable
cloudiness nj west portion; little
change in temperature; moderate
northwest wind off the coast.
Los Angeles and Vicinity - Fair
tonight and Tuesday with consider
able cloudiness; little change in
temperature, gentle to moderate
wind. mostly southwest to north
west
Imperial Valley press., 1937-04-12
Nelson Studio. 528 Main, Phone l8

Judgment Entered-Judgment in
favor of the National Dollar store
was entered in superior court in
the suit filed against William Hash
EN-. The case involved a dispute
over rental property at PA second
street. Calexico. The plaintiff was
awarded S400 damages and costs
of the action.
Imperial Valley press., 1937-04-12

Service Station Burglarized - A
service station at Plaster City was
burglarized this weekend of $3.50
and nine cartons of assorted cigar
cites. The burglar opened window
by reaching the latch through a
broken pane Of glass.
LOUISIANA trvg Legs-Oysters Oh
half shell-at the Trocadero. D22
File Appeal Notice-NotiCc Of sp-
peal WAS filed in superior court
from a Judgment in favor of the
defendant in the case of Edna
Harrup against John B. Baker.
justice of the peace OF Imperial
Mrs. Harrup does not wish suit
filed against Der by Chief of Pc
lice j. Sterling )swalt of El Centre
TO be tried before Judge Baker in
Ell Centro and before a jury COM
posed of Ell CentranS.
Imperial Valley press., 1937-04-12

Now the Don Room Tor your steak
,iipners. Trccanero. J28tf
Imperial Valley press., 1937-04-12

The Trocauero Tor your evening;
entertainment. tJ2ot1J
Imperial Valley press., 1937-04-12

Decree Granted - An interlocu-
tory decree of divorce was granted
by Judge Vaughn N. Thompson to
Zelma Num- in her suit against
John N. Num-. She accused her
husband of extreme cruelty and
wilful neglect.