davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1937-12-18
FORT PECK PLANS
WINTER REPAIRS
QUARRY STONE, TOE GRAVEL AND
BOULDER SHIPMENTS ENDED
FOR THIS SEASON

Two Dredges Also Shut Down; WIN
Permit WOrkmen to Get at Pipe
lines and Take Them Apart for Re-
pairs; All to Be Ready In Spring.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1937-12-18

and savings have been forced through
severe tax delinquency.
Delinquent taxes and penalties col
lected by Montana counties the three
years 1934-1936 inclusive totaled S.
785, 900, nearly half Of which was col
lected in 1850
services from local governmental units
Further evidence OF our shifting OF
to the federal government may be seen
from the total expenditures made by
the government as direct payments to
the states In recent years, DR.. Renne
said. These expenditures include PWA,
FERA and WPA grants, social security
payments, grants for highways, United
States employment service payments,
national guard expenditures, and the
other more regular grants MADE TO the
states In ordinary years,
These grants to all states totaled less
than 1875 million dollars in 1890, while
in 1896 they comprised more than two
billions or about Is times as much.
DR.. Renne points out that this great
shift of responsibility to the federal
government is merely one Phase OF the
whole modern movement from small,
local. direct face-to-face primary group
relationships which characterized more
primitive times mechanical society car
ried into the field OF public Jaxatlon
The fact that our local governmental
units are In better financial conu1Llon
than before the depression viii be very
to many persons, Dr. Henne
saws. but others will argue that debt
is a debt and it matters little which
governmental agency owes 1t. The fact
remains, this latter group will contend,
that our total public indebtedness, due
to the huge annual federal deficits
since 1890, has increased some ID to
20 billions and we must all eventually
help to pay this through taxation.
However. DR.. Renne asks, is it not
likely that citizens of local units IN
areas like Montana where crop condi-
lions have been so poor in recent years
will be in a better position to pay
federal taxes principally on income
and consumption in the future, than
to pay the high interest charges char
acteristic of local indebtedness and the
inflexible property taxes which are the
main source Of local revenue?
At any rate, DR.. Renne continues, let
irs call a spade spade and recognize
that a large part of our present public
debt represents merely shifting OF
the burden to Uncle Sam, rather than
a uniform increase In indebtedness OF
all governmental agencies whether fed
erai. state. or local Such recognition,
he believes, is a beginning step IN clear
ing I'D much Of the present CONFUSION
which exists on taxation, government
debt, initiation and related matters
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1937-12-18

at times properties which gave him
excellent returns
DR.. Mitchell was born in jefferson
county, KY, Oct. 81, 1881. His father,
William Daunton Mitchell, settled in
that state In 1902 and became farmer
on a large scale, at various times own
ing large plantations in other parts OF
the south. The elder Mitchell sent his
son to the University Of Virginia 20
prepare for a college course, and later
he embarked upon university course
there.
During his junior year he ran away
from college and enlisted in the United
States army for service in the Mexican
war. AS he was not of age at that time,
his father managed to get his discharge
from the army within a few months
and had him sent home. He then TOOK
up the study of medicine in Jefferson
college at Louisville. finally gradual
ing from the medical school OF the New
York City university in 1852.
DR.. Mitchell's father was at that time
operating a sugar plantation on the
BRACES river, near Galveston, Tex. The
son, attracted by the gold excitement
in California, decided to go there to
engage In the practice Of his profession
and went by way of Texas TO visit with
his father. Leaving there on his way
WGSbs llC AClOu1CA 4AAJ0 AASA&SCs WAAN~~
he fingered for q year, arriving In san
Francisco in the fall Of 1858.
There he hung out his single as a
medical practitioner He did not con-
fine himself, however, to the practice
of his profession. From the very first
he engaged in mining and took an
active part in politics. In 1857 he was
elected member OF the California
state legislature. In addition to his
a.. &C. 10 ole
partnership with man named Jasper
Harold in Che operation of large cattle
ranch. They bought stock from the
overland travellers from the east and
from other cattle growing regions OF
the state farther south, and sold them
into the retail markets Of the mining
camps, and to men who were starting
smaller herds.
At the time of the gold stampede to
the Fraser river country OF British
Columbia he disposed of his livestock
and mining interests in California, and
went north. The outlook there. how
ever, was not satisfactory and he re-
manned only a short time before re-
turning to California. From there he
went on to Aurora, New, and opened
an office for the practice of his pro-
fession. He also engaged IN speculative
mining activity with much success. he
was one of the original discoveries OF
a rich mine at ESmeralda, New. where
he operated until 1858, amassing con-
siderable fortune.
From there he went Austin, New,
and from there to Idaho City, Ida. He
found nothing that interested him,
however, and went to Oregon and from
there into the Kootenai country OF
British Columbia.
He obtained a mining claim on q
creek not far from Galbraiths ferry,
some miles north of where Bonner's
Ferry, Ida, Is now located. The placers
there were phenomenally rich and DR..
Nditchells proved to be one of the rich
est of them. In three months time he
took out $4,000 Fortified with this
stake, DR.. Mitchell went to San Fran
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1937-12-18
Dr. A. H. Mitchell Served State Well as Pioneer

UNHERE were many among Mon
eana's pioneers who never killed
an Indian, who never partici-
pated in the hanging Of an out
law, who never whacked bulls,
yet who served the state and It's people
well and had . large part in the de-
veIopment Of the commonwealth from
q wilderness into 3 rich mining, stock
growing and agricultural territory. One
smch was Or. Armistead Hughes
Mitchell, who. with DR.. Charles F.
MussigbrOd, established the state
hospital for the insane at Warm
Springs In 1877.
Prior to that time DR.. Mitchell, while
engaged in the practice of medicine,
took the contract for building the ter
ritorial penitenttary at Deer Lodge. IL
was erected during the years from 1869
to 1871. After 1t was finished he served
for several years as physician and sur
geon for the institution In connection
with his general practice OF medicine
at Deer Lodge. DR.. Mitchell was grad
uate physician when he first came into
the west, and during the years that he
spent In California, and in mining
communities as far north as British
Columbia, he never failed to answer a
call for his services. No night was too
dark, no trail too long for him to ira I
verse in ministering TO the sick or the /
injured. That was his part in the sub
jugation Of the wilderness, and he did
it well.
During the campaign against the
Nez Perez Indians he was surgeon
general of the territory and took per-
sonal charge of the wounded after the
battle of the Big Hole.
DR.. Mitchell was possessed Of an adj
venturous spirit. Before his arrival 10
Montana in 1865 he had practiced med
Icine and engaged in mining in Mexico,
IN California and in the Fraser river
country of Canada. During the more
man 90 wears he spent in Montana, he
was at all times engaged in mining
development on a large scale. having
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1937-12-18
Net Indebtedness of Montana
Counties Has Been More Than
Cut i'm Half Since Depression

Many persons believe that while the
national debt of the United States has
been steadily climbing until it now
exceeds SO billion dollars, state and
local governments are piling up pro-
portional debts.
Of local governments for the country
as a whole has actually declined during
the five years, 1932-1937, says DR.. r. r.
Renne, head of the department. Of eco
Monies and sociology at Montana State
college.
He points out that not only has the
average net indebtedness Of all county,
city, township and school district gov
ernments decreased during the depres-
sion, but there has been only a small
(about IA percent) increase IN state
indebtedness.
In other words, he explains, much Of
the responsibility for furnishing public
services has been shifted to the federal
government, while county and other
local governmental units have paid off
a considerable portion Of their indebt-
edness and are in better financial con-
dition than before the depression.
This is particularly true Of Montana
where county, city and school district
governments are as a whole in the
best financial condition in years. The
net indebtedness Of Montana counties
the depression began. In 1880 county
Indebtedness exceeded II million dollars
while today it is less than five million.
Montana cities and towns have also
lightened thei- debt loads. The net In
debtednesS of the states larger cities
Chose exceeding $500 population)
dropped from more than Is million
dollars in 1882 to less than five million
in 1886.
The net bonded Indebtedness of
from about 13 million dollars in 1922
until today it is about half that
amount. School expenditures have de-
clined from a predepreSSion average OF
from II to IA million dollars annually
to around nine TO 10 millions.
DR.. Renne's studies show that these
decreases in county, city and school
district indebtedness have not been &C
complished by increases In taxes. The
total taxes levied for Montana county
purposes declined from more than lob
million dollars in 1890 to eight and one
half million in 1885; those for schools,
from nearly II millions to nine millions,
and those for cities and towns from
four and one-half millions TO three
and one-half millions.
Several other factors enter into the
debt reductions made by local govern
mental units. Among these are more
stringent budget regulations and other
restrictions pertaining to local tndebt-
edness that have been set up by the
state legislature; county and other
local officials have made an earnest !
effort to economic in expenditures, !
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1937-12-18
We Like to Get to the
BOTTOM OF THINGS

CEVENTY YEARS AGO, the founders of what is
- now the Socony-Vacuum Oil Company, Inc, first
exhibited the unsuitable curiosity which character
ICES every SocOny-Vacuum fabrication engineer to-
day. They not, nor is he, content with super
things.
That attitude is reflected in every CargoyIe In
dustrial Lubricant In mining, i'm railrOading, I'm
shipping, in manufacturing i'm every industrial
enterprise CargOyIe Lubricants earning Lubri-
cation Profit for their employers because they
doing thorough job.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1937-12-18
SHELTER BLAZE
SEEN INCENDIARY
EARLY-DAY FIRE IN ANACONDA
CUT OFF PRODUCTION
IN BUTTE
Guards Were Employed to Watch Mine
AS There Was Suspicion That the
Anaconda Fire Was the Work Of a
Foreign Copper Syndicate.

In 1889 the lower works Of the
Anaconda company, i'm Anaconda
was DESTROYED by fire. 1t was so
Gated a mile below the city on the
north side Of Warm Springs creek.
About half the plant was de-
strOyed." The company maintained
its own fire department and carried
its own fire Insurance, Following
Is a summary taken from the files
Of the Butte daily press:
s@The loss of the Anaconda company
by the fire at the lower works-and its
probable effect on Butte and the copper
svndicate generally, formed the pre-
vailing topic of conversation in the
CITY today. It Is learned from parties
who came up from the Smelter city
this morning that the belief is firmly
fixed that the fire was OF incendiaTy
origin. The fire broke out in the middle
Of the roof Of the smelter ore house.
There was no fire there and never had
been. Not even a stove was kept there.
so fire by accident was utterly i'm
possible.
ssThe fire started between six and
seven o'clock in the morning at the
time the men were changing shifts, a
time when an incendiary might OPP
covery. No one in Anaconda regards
the fire as an accident. They all feel
that it is the result of malicious plan.
While the officials make no statement
Il Is certain that vigorous investiga-
ton will follow.
ssThe loss viii be much greater than
was indicated In yesterdays estimates.
The building was 80 by 900 feet. It re-
01ired fore than q years labor by 200
mechanics to construct it. 1t contained
40 mammoth Brueckner furnaces and
az mating furnaces. Expert examin-
alton OF the ruins this morning brought
forth the statement that, allowing SO
rercent recovery on the machinery, 1t
viii require about three quarters of q
million dollars to repair the damage
wifh a possibility that the loss may
fota1 q million dollars. Loss Of pro-
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1937-12-18

Now that rail shipments to Fort
Peck of quarry stone, toe gravel
and glacial bouIdeFs have been
stopped for this season, w0rk has
been started on relocation of the
railroad tracks along the down.
stream edge of the dam. The new
alignment involves 1906 IineaI feet
Of track (2ss miIes) and win elm
mate the existing trestIe ramp with
its upgrade leading to the level Of
the old Missouri river bridge. The
wood trestIe and the steel girders
and trusses of the bridge viii be
taken down. All materials viii be
Salvaged and the Job will provide
work for many men during the
winter. Ties, switches and rails viii
be used on the new grade while
timber from the trestle structure
will find ready demand ut many
places about the project.
Taking off from a point near the
Fort Peck depot behind the laundry,
the new grade will pass east of the
machine shop and cross the river valley
at a level 20 feet lower than the steel
bridge. The track will be laid on q
shelf made half way up the gravel toe
and will connect with the existing track
over the tunnel outlet portals. A stiff
climb for the heavy trains Of stone
Will De e1nluaJeQ SINCE tine new dllBu-
ment will be practically on level.
With two dredges shut down for the
winter there Is chance for the work
men to get at the pipelines and take
them apart for repairs. Long stretches
of pipe have already been Hnbolted
and rolled to the ground for inspection.
Much of the pipe Is considerably worn
and will provide plenty of work for the
welding crews this winter. They will
have to apply metal half soles' to the
pipes to make them ready for next
years dredging.
Toulouse No. 5, together with its
work barges and floats has been
moved from exposed position on the
river bank near the old boatyard to
the dredge slip west of the depot. There
they are spread out at this, new locas
tion. which Is near a paved road ana
more accessible to all hands employed
on the dredges and attendant plant.
The other two dredges are still work
inc. They have been hooked up to dis
charge at either the upstream or
downstream BERN.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1937-12-18

duction must also be estimated and
with the present selling price Of copper
this win also be q considerable amount
THE smelter just destroyed was the
ground work Of what was to be made
the. greatest copper smelter IN the
world. It embodied many new smelling
ideas that have been put into oper-
alton by Otto Stahlman dhe supertn-
tendent) The plant had been in OPP
Grafton Just long enough to prove that
it was a complete success. Mr.. Stahl-
man had gone to Europe to study
plans, it is believed, for the construc
ton Of copper refinery.
ION Mr.. Days arrival In Butte he
gave orders to close syndicate mines
for the present This throws 900 men
out of employment temporarily but it
is hoped that it will not be for long.
The suspension is necessary because
the ore houses Of the company are
filled to overlooking. The destruction
Of the plant makes necessary reduc-
ton Of the quantity Of ore hoisted.
MIR. DAILY says 1t will be possible
to speed up the upper works to a con-
siderable extent, so much so that the
output will not be greatly reduced. The
lower concentration will be partially OPP
Grated and the concentrates used at
the upper works to crowd the furnaces.
AS for the plans for rebuilding, Mr..
Day uecuueo 70 make q statement
The plans await the decision of j. B.
Hagg1n. The fire win not affect the
financial standing of the Anaconda.
Guards will be employed to watch
the Anaconda mine to protect It from
possible damage at the hands Of mis-
creantS. (Note-There was 8 strong
suspicion that the Anaconda fire was
the work Of foreign copper syndicate
which sought to reduce production In
order to maintain prices 1t was as
serted -March IS, 1885,"
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1937-12-18
STATE BALANCE
Is SS,714,2O5.22
STATE TREASURER REPORTS Cash
ON HAND NOV. 50, OVER
1885 FIGURE

The states total cash In banks
at the close of November amounted
to 4,205-2z, State Treasures Kay
N. Shannon said . few days ago
compared with q balance Of 3d.
l,064.3I ON the same date Last
year.
Receipts Of the treasurer'S office last
month totaled SO ,s46, G4461, while dis
bgYreemerfs came Co 81, $50, 52015.
In November year ago the recelptS
were 81 $50, Is and the disbursements
were ", 300, 6zO.51.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1937-12-18

MARKETING POLICY: In
dustry almost always finds lhat
the controlled rise of high-grade
Cargoyle Lubricants pays for
itself many times over and that
they actually cost less TO use
than ordinary lubricants. But
for such equipment as does
mot justify the highest-grade
lubricants, SocOny-Vacuum en-
gineers will recommend a
Iower-priced lubricant con-
sistent with true economy.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1937-12-18

Members of the Montana rail-
road and public service commission
announced recently that farmers
were predicting a crop fer the first
time In seven years In the north
eastern part Of the state and they
believed the 1888 crop would re-
deve a threatened curtailment Of
railroad service In that region.
Walter j. Milan, chief clerk and as
sistant counsel of the commission, said
that farmers In the northeastern areas
said there was more moisture in the
ground this year than they had seen
in years and that 1t seeped into the
earth to depths Of from three TO five
feet.
They predicted q crop, Milan said
With the crop would come renewed
business for the railroad. he explained
The 500 railroad, evidently antici-
pating improvement, has withdrawn a
petition to the board to cJrtail an
agency at Comerton and substitute a
custodian service.
An application to substitute custo-
dian service for an agency at McElroy
and Dooley also was qualified with the
suggestion that the change be made
on a temporary basis until July with
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1937-12-18
FARMERS PREDICT
GOOD 1898 YIELDS
CROP IN NORTHEASTERN PART
OF STATE WILL BE FIRST
IN SEVEN YEARS

Farmers In That Section Say There Is
More Moisture In the Ground This
Year Than Has Been Seen I'm Years,
and Has Seeped Into Earth Five Feet.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1937-12-18

a provision to resume the agency 4
necessary.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1937-12-18
ONE JOB ELIMINATED

The state liquor control board has elinin-
ated at least for the time being. the poss
Of assistant state liquor administrator al
ministrator L. NJ A. Wass. speaking for the
board, said Il Is the intention to try to set
along without an assistant thus cutting OF
an annual expenditure Of $4,000 a year.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1937-12-18
MOTORISTS WARNED

Montana motorists have been warned by
Lou Boedecker. supervisor Of the state highway
patrol. to beware Of loose rocks and debris on
highways at this time Of the year. The sup
ervls1r said that each year at this period
there Is the hazard in the mountainous dis
tricts OF the state Of small slides OF rock and
dirt which are DANGEROUS to highway travellers
Evening star., 1937-03-25
SYMPHONY DRIVE
CLEANUP OPENS
Campaign Formally Closed
With $73,223, but Hope
for Goal Is Expressed.

With contributions totaling $73,-
223.75, the National Symphony Or
chestra's sustaining fund campaign
was closed formally yesterday. At
the same time Mrs. Walter Bruce
Howe, general campaign chairman,
received an enthusiastic response to
a call for a cleanup drive to COM
plete the canvass of prospective donors
and announced that the goal Of $ll0,-
900 would be reached.
I'VE are absolutely sure Of several
thousand dollars more from former
subscribers now out of the city, or
who are for other reasons unable
right now to make their usual con-
tribution," she said.
Mrs. Howe expects that the orches-
ira fund can soon claim the $4,000
offered by an anonymous donor on
the condition that another $4,000 be
raised in new, money. Approx
mately $2,500 of this new" money,
representing gifts from new subscrib-
ers, or increased amounts from former
givers, was reported yesterday. This
new money, it was pointed out yes
terday, has been included in contri-
buttons made to the fund since Sum
day, when the $4,000 offer was made
The combined reports yesterday
netted $8,845.15. The divisions report
ed as follows: Special gifts, $2,777;
mems business, $9O5; women's busi-
ness, s6l8; Army, $l59.93; associa-
tions, 81 100; civic, $605.50; education,
$67068; Government, s673.33; Junior
League $500; Orchestra Guild,
s25625; suburban, s176.21; national,
$3.50, and Navy, $5325.
Evening star., 1937-03-25
Platinum, Blond
And Hen1,ued Hair
Latest Male Style
80 Youths at St. Louis
High School Create
Stir.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
ST. LOUIS, March 25.-With plati-
mum blond and hennaed heads held
high, 30 male pioneers Of fashion"
defied pedagogical disapproval and
derisic Of fellow students today, firm
in their conviction ''if it's all right for
the girls, it's all right for us too"
Stares and laughter greeted the
yc sths, students of suburban Webster
Groves High School, when they ap-
peared with locks dyed in varying
shades, ranging from "bricktop" to
lighter pinkish and golden to plati-
mum blond.
"A foolish prank" was the COM
ment Of Principal ]. T. Hixson, who
said he had found no reason for the
latest "extracurricular" activity and
added that he did not wish to dignity
it by inquiring.
"Just for the heck Of it" was the
explanation of Bill Red" Heath,
junior, who runs the 50-yard dash
and tosses the javelin, while Henry
Schulz, senior whose black hair has
turned to gold, declared the novelty Of
the idea appealed to him.
Gould Littlefleld, senior, tossed
platinum blond locks, rivaling Jean
Harlow's as he explained the technique
of "rinses" and henna shampoos.
And the girls-"Oh, we think it's
cute"
It's Spring in Webster Groves.