davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-25
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PObuk Advises Novice to Learn Four Parts of Diving
BY JACK POBUK Noted Swimming Instructor

Diving is exhilarating fun and a splendid exercise for developing poise. Almost everyone can learn to dive If they will only take time to practice.
 In order to perfect the standard dives, and the many fancy ones, too, of course, it is important to practice the various steps sepa- rately.
 A dive may be divided into four parts:
 The approach; the take-off; the form; and the entrance into the water.
 On your first diving attempts, concentrate on the appoach. After you have mastered this, then con- centrate on the take-off. Then the form in the air. And, lastly, the entry.
 Diving Practice
 This is the simple, front dive: Walk out onto the float and place your toes over the edge.
 Bend your knees and place l hands above the head.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-25
PRODUCT OF CHINA

Lawson Little, golf star, learned his golf over "the graves of 10000 Chinamen," as the son of a U. s. army major in far-of Shanghai.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-25
The Standing
Sport Shorts
ALL BY HIMSELF

Ky Laffoon is the only prominent golfer who chews tobacco during a tournament and squirts thin stream in tense moments.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-25
SS. Peter & Paul's s Softball Loop News
Next Weeks Schedule

Monday night-Daly vs. Kern. Wednesday night-Wrenn vs Cody.
 Thursday night-Kern vs. Cody. Friday night-FitZ vs. Shaw.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-25
BACK IN PICTURES

Hollywood-Jim Thorpe, great old Carlisle Indian athlete, is movie extra once again after having fling at selling automobiles in Pas adena.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-25
CREDIT TO SIRE

Descendants of Man O War have earned about $2,250,000, of which Crusader contributed the most, $2O3,261
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-25

Bend forward from the waist and bring your hands and head down so that you are looking at the sand on the bottom.
 Fall forward. Do NOT lift head
 As you strike the water and sub merge, tilt your head up. This will direct you back to the surface.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-25
WHAT'S A HATPIN?

Washington Buddy Meyer
 Washington second baseman, looks for hairpins because he thinks each one he finds is a two-base hit.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-25
FOND OF FOOTBALL

There are 12,OOO football clubs with an aggregate membership of 100000 playing members in Ger many.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-25
Standing

Fans sing the praises of Andy
 High,
 Ruth and Speaker and Ott: But only Shove can miss fly And then kick it out of the lot.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-25
Pert Paragraphs of Sport

Jimmy Braddocks still get guees which White local history time disrupt local high school relations
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-25

Mickey has to do in Chocolate off nearly pounds which unless he trains in the Merchants Trust building.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-25
Wateryille Park

1:45 p. m.--Mason Supply vs. Will son A. c. 4 p. m. A. B. c. vs. Full ton A. c.
 Umpire, Gerace; scorer, Block.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-25
Sunday Schedules Local Leagues
Washington Park

Washington Park 2 p. m.-WeSt Sides vs. Water town Aces. 4 p. m.-St. Ann Maple Leafs vs. Blessed Sacraments. Umpires, RuggleS.
 Hamilton Park 4 p. m.-Fairmounts A. c. vs. North End Tigers. Umpire to be named.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-25

Mickey Walker referee Walnut Beach Saturday speaking old Eddie If things look tough short Al Caroy will Cicksten in extra four rounder.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-25

take those "redho they will wagon a calls
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-25
Hamilton Park
Public Parks League
 FuItnn Park

1:45 p. nc. & c. Juniors vs. St. Lucy's; p. m., St. Ann's vs. St. Stans.
 Umpire, Greece; scorer, Meleski.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-25

Gamer spotted Bruce of Pittsburgh, and then knocked him Which another why will probably with Nathan Mann the Mann meal ticket taken yet for big Connecticut
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-06-25

"-One out when winning run scored.
Evening star., 1937-06-20

(see OBSERVATORY. Page F.4.)
Evening star., 1937-06-20

$ s: 81: !: ;:;; e. :; s.; S. 8 !: { $; j.; ;:;:: ;:
Evening star., 1937-06-20

Irresponsible for keeping the trail In
condition and Supervisor Schairer
sees that they do it. Proper main
tenance requires at least three work
jaunts (shall we say a year. Early
Spring trips are directed mainly at
windfalls-dead trees; early Summer
to remove young growth, struggling
branches and the invading blackberry
and locust, and early Fall to remove
Summer growth so it will not have a
chance to get started in the Spring
These private trips are fun. A few
friends are invited by the overseer to
60 along to help, and the trail is
often in such good condition that the
trip turns into a short hike and a
picnic.
In the p. A. T. c. region, main trai
blazes are painted white and the side
trails blue. Side trails lead h
springs. a fine viewpoint and noun
tain, which are OIL the continuou,
ridge line, but have such charm ane
personality Of their own that they
deserve IN easy means Of access.
Evening star., 1937-06-20
DISCOVERY RECORD
Amid Beautiful Surroundings, American
Star Gazers Aid Navigation, Study
Universe, Keep True Time.

bert, who suggested the establishment
of first meridian in the United
States at the seat Of Government.
Congress did not give heed to the
pleas of Lambert. nor to those Of
President John Quincy Adams or the
Secretary of the Navy until 1842, when
that august body finally authorized a
suitable house for a depot Of charts
and instruments"
In the interim, however. the Secre-
tary of the Navy, in 1880, had ordered
the establishment OF depot Of charts
and instruments, to be in the charge
of a lieutenant, L. M. Goldsborough,
U. S. Navy, for the purpose Of as
sembling and caring for the nautical
instruments, books, charts and chro-
nometers not in use, but to be issued
to naval vessels. In 1888 Lieut.. Colds
borough was succeeded at the depot by
Lieut.. Charles Wilkes Of the u S.
Navy, and Lieut.. Wilkes increased the
facilities for time derivation.
Wilkes was followed, in 1887, by
Lieut.. j. M. Gilliss, who. by author
ity of the Secretary OF the Navy, Sc
cured equipment for continuous OBJ
servations in astronomy, magnetism
and meteorology. He began this work
in 1888, and the depot that was con-
Evening star., 1937-06-20

structed by congressional act on the
site OF the present Naval Hospital on
Twenty-fourth street northwest, in
1912, carried on the astronomical OBJ
servations, including photographed
work as we'll
I; was Lieut.. NJ F. Maury. who fol-
lowed Gillis in this year, who COM
pleted that great work in photography,
Wind and Current Charts" which
finally covered every navigable sea
and have been of universal and lasting
value.
-FOUR years later the Secretary Of
the Navy approved the astronomi-
cal observation work being done, and
as result there was issued in 1882
the first American Ephemeris" and
American Nautical Almanac" to
cover the year 1855. In recent times
this almanac is issued two years in
advance, so that the release for 1899
Is now due.
While the old Observatory Building
SUlll SIdliOS VII VIC SltC do N0lSy
fourth street, the center of activities
has long since been elsewhere. The
present site on Massa chusetts avenue
has been occupied since 1893. and it
was selected after consideration Of
various localities with respect to dis
tance from the vibrations Of trafhc,
distance from the lights Of growing
city and other factors entering into
the particular needs Of scientific
center.
In finally deciding upon the site.
many curious and interesting expert
ments were made to determine its
suitability. Among these was one
which necessitated placing mercury in
a chosen central spot and leading
heavy horses at varying distances from
it to determine the effect Of land vibra-
tions and allied conditions that might
disturb the precise instruments neces-
sary for the conduct of observational
activities.
When selected, the spot was cir
cumscribed by circle Of l,000-foot
radius, distance decided upon as
safeguarding against street trafic, ex-
ternal disturbances, or other vibrations
which might affect the instruments
! In the exact center OF this circle today
Evening star., 1937-06-20

light Of our general daily needs. But
the deviation by thousandths of a
second is significant to that fraternity
that deals with ATTITUDES and longi-
tudes, the measurements OF land and
other computations based upon the
exactness OF time.
Within the vault, each timepiece
Is set on a different pier, oriented
so as to be in the dead angle" Of
adjacent pier. This is to prevent one
pendulum from becoming influenced
by the motion Of a neighboring pendu-
lum. which, If it worked in rythmn,
might affect the precision OF the
neighboring timepiece.
Any visitor to the Naval Observa-
tory here in Washington may see
these clocks that keep the Nations
time, though he cannot enter the
vault. A very neat arrangement.
consisting OF periscope, permits
one to view them. During one Navy
day "at home" more than 1000
people peered through the periscope
THE impulse that announces the
precise time, is sent by land wire
from the central time Office Of the
Observatory. and by an alternating
current goes through the Navy De.
partment switchboard to Arlington
Operation is direct and immediate, NJ
fraction OF second being lost il
transit Of the impulse. One impuls'
finds outlet over branch that serve
the Bureau of Standards, the Distric
Of Columbia fire alarm service, tn
A. T. and T.. the Western Union ant
the Postal Telegraph.
The twenty signals sent out dali
are the outgrowth Of the first attemp
on the part OF the Naval Observator
to announce correct time to the resi-
dents Of the District OF Columbia. I
day when every railroad station ha
its own time meridian. made its ow
time determination and operated Il
trains thereby 1t was oftentines b
sheer luck that one made his traiI
for train time seldom, if ever, agree
with local time Thus the questio
of a universal standard time const
tuted major problem for the Nautic.
} Almanac ONCE, and the following ir
Evening star., 1937-06-20

Assignment of Potomac Appalachian Trail
Club Is to Keep Up 258 of National
Organizations 1850 Miles of Trails.

logs and rocks. and get torn and
scratched on locust and briars. Then
the selected route is marked with
strips Of cotton tied to trees and
bushes at intervals and a string is run
through the underbrush to these
markers in order to straighten out the
jogs.
THE club members help out, now
= that the trail is ready for the work
crew There are about 400 members
in the local group. but work trip is
usually restricted to one busload, or 40
persons. These work trips being most
popular, 1t means that the anxious
members have to make reservations
with the trip leader early. Clear. cold
days are ideal for trail work because
the crew must work to keep warm.
Even then it is easier and less tiring
than straight hike, and there Is
time for scenery viewing between the
chopping OF trees and. the clipping Of
bushes. Rain doesn't dampen the
members hardy enthusiasm, but snow
is not welcomed, for at every clip OF
the shears or stroke of the AK un-
friendly little piles of snow come drift
ing through the air for a lodgment at
the back Of hitherto warm neck!
The work group is usually divided
into gangs. First, a gang Of ak men,
then additional groups far enough
apart not to be in each others way.
Some use pruning shears and weed
cutters, others throw the brush out
of the trail, while the ak men cut
and throw out the larger trees. As
stumps may cause bad stumbles and
falls, the close cutting of trees Is es-
sential. This requires skill, as pro-
jecting rocks, generally called wild
grindstones," soon ruin an ak in the
hands of a novice The best trail
cutter carries his own ak, and his
motto is to lend even his tooth brush
but not his AK.
The trail-clearing tools are given
out as club members come from the
bus. There are two varieties OF
weeders in favor, a sharp horizontal
blade on the end Of forked stick
which fells slender underground with
the swing Of one hand, and the other
a short mache blade which looks like
the days Of the Moors, and il wide
blade on a short handle. There art
various weights Of pruning shears
which are useful in cutting branche!
up to about 2 inches in diameter
The trail Is cut 6 feet wide, and with
40 good people On the work it take
obout hours to do half mile Of nev
trail. Dividing the distance, half o
it before lunch and half after, break
it up comfortably.
We now have a regulation P. A. r. c
trail. In the Shenandoah Nationa
Park the new trau built By the Ne
Evening star., 1937-06-20

tional Park Service Is much more ritzy
or highly developed. Rocks have been
moved out of the trail and crushed
stone placed on the footway and COW
cred with dirt At places the trail
has been graded. so that the ascent
is not so steep as the original. more
hardy trails laid out by the P. A. T. c.
THE trail being opened. the next
step is proper marking. Metal
markers, diamond shaped. bearing the
legend "A. T. from Maine to Georgia"
and white tree blaZes are placed at
intervals along the trail. Blazes form
the major worry Of the trail super
visor, for every one likes to cut blazes
and there is a happy medium between
too many and too few. You should
be able to see a blaze from any point
on the trail, but one is enough, and
when eight or nine loom up ahead
they become Objectionable. The
greatest need for them is at points
where the trail is intersected by wood
roads and, as these are continually
being built to take wood out Of the
forest, blazes have to be close enough
together to eliminate confusion.
Blazes have been used since time
immemorial by lumbermen and woods
men. But the average blaze makes
an ugly scar on the tree. The regu-
lation blaze for P. A. T. G. Is about
one inch wide and three inches long.
The bark is scraped to get smooth
surface and then paint is applied. The
scraping can be done with q sharp
ak, but scraper is q safer instru-
ment. On rocky slopes blazes are
painted on rocks. On bare mountain
tops or in the open fields Of the
southern Blue Ridge. cairns Of rock
are built at frequent intervals, since
clouds come down and obscure vision
at any great distance.
The trail is now marked and ready
for the measuring wheel, . bicycle
wheel with an odometer on 1t. The
distances between mountain tops and
from highway crossings on the trail
are carefully recorded and signs
painted, indicating distances to the
tenth Of mile, and nailed up at the
proper places.
DIR. L. F. scHMEcKEB1ER. a re-
search political scientist in real
life, whose picture Is below, is first
vice president Of the club, as well as
chairman Of the Signs Committee, and
his contribution has been over 1000
painted or stenciled signs, which he
makes as needed for new trail or re-
placement. Replacement occurs 80
often that he has the signs inscrip-
tions neatly filed and when the trail
overseer finds q sign missing or broken
he reports the location or numbe,
on the back Of the sign and It Il
quickly replaced. Unfortunately ther'
Evening star., 1937-06-20

teresting record Of how 1t was in
augurated is taken from old files Of
the Observatory:
In 1864 the City of Washington
introduced a telegraphic fire alarm
system OF which it was exceedingly
proud. 1t was considered the last
word in fre-alarm systems. The su-
perintendent of the Naval Observa-
tory Immediately perceived the op-
portunity offered to extend the use
fulness of the Observatory by broad
casting time throughout Washington.
Prior to that. the broadcasting Of
time was limited to the dropping Of
time ball at noon on the dome OF
the Observatory.
In the Fall of 1864. the superin-
tendent and Professor William Hark-
ness communicated to the Hon. Rich
ard Wallach, Mayor of the City Of
Washington, their plan to connec.
the Naval Observatory by direct wire
with the central fire alarm Office
After that the fire bells were struck
at am. and pm. by the NavaI
Observatory. In August. 1865. this
first step in time broadcast was in.
augurated.
''At that time the State Depart.
ment was housed in a building O.
upper Fourteenth street. Upon it
urgent request, special wire va
run from the central fire alarm of
fee to its main ofdce 50 that tn
State Department could receive it
own time signal over a private wire
The Western Union Telegraph Co
which maintained an Office in th
State Department Building. had
wide-awake operator who immediate
Iy appreciated the situation and be
gan transmitting private signal .
the Western Unions own central Of
flee every time he received a tim
signal in the State Department. Thi
is the origin OF the Western Union
| connection with the Observatory
which has continued. ="
Evening star., 1937-06-20

are vandals who thoughtlessly steal
signs to decorate the walls Of their
rooms, and rifle targeteers who man
age to do away with some go signs a
year.
The overseer's Job does not end
here. however, with fine 6-foot trail
located, opened, and nicely marked.
Maintenance comes next. Husky
blackberry bushes and locust trees
have no respect for the effort that
has been made to cut the trail. Trail
locations often run along old woods
roads along the ridge. This Is fortu-
nate because there the growth Is low
and can be easily cleared.
Even here storms blow down trees
branches extend over the trail and
must be cut out 30 that the hiker will
not be hit in the face when the tree!
are weighted by snow or rain. Th<
trail supervisor appoints q group o.
helpers, club members, to whom HI
assigns sections Of the trail-usuall!
about 10 miles. These ovesseers a.
Evening star., 1937-06-20
work trip IS on-Schairer makes his
associates work, and they love 1t.

work trip IS on-Schairer makes his
associates work, and they love 1t.
As the novice walks along on the
beautiful woodsy mountain footpath
that stretches on, seemingly endless,
before him, he Is innocent IN his ig-
norance' of the work and fun that went
into making this trail, which Is open
to any one, and costs every one just
exactly nothing.
Trail workers begin locating with q
map, preferably one from the Geolog-
ical Survey. because that shows the
contour of the mountains and the crest
Of the ridge along which the continuous
trail Is to be located. The response
bility falls to the supervisor, who scouts
with the map and locates the trail on
the ground.
This necessitates great care and q
lot Of walking in circles to determine
the most desirable location. The trail.
makers must push their way through
virgin forest, dodge branches which
whip their faces, scramble over faller
Evening star., 1937-06-20
Bv Suzanne Mullen.
@WO thousand and fifty miles {

"WO thousand and fifty miles OF
trail, from Maine to Georgia,
is the boast Of the Appalachian
L Trail Clubs. The locating, trail
making and maintenance Of 258 miles
of that trail and miles Of side trail
has been and is the task Of the Wash
ington branch, called the PotolAac Ap-
palachian Trail Club. Geophysicist DR..
Frank Schairer, peppy, dynamic
man, is trail supervisor. Schairer Is
the man you must avoid if you are to
loaf on q club work trip, and the one
to whom to make excuses If your sec
ton of the trail is out of order. Being
a practical man and full Of boundless
enthusiasm, he inspires his overseers
with the desire to do their share. Trail
supervising is hobby of his, along
with hiking, scouting trips and other
activities of the P. A. r. c., but above
all he is an inveterate fisherman, and
beware little trout If the season Is on,
Just as 1t Is beware little hiker II .
Evening star., 1937-06-20

perature and constant pressure. and
three times a day they are consulted
for purposes Of comparison with the
main clock in the time Office. The
mean error is taken at 8 am, at II
noon and at IL midnight. The clocks
in the vault are not changed to cor
respond. When a minutely fractional
error is ascertained that error is
recorded in the time ONCE. and thus
an accumulated error is taken into
consideration with every computation
Of time.
Over a period Of years, the "ac-
cumulated mean error" has been all
most infnitesimal, regarded in the
Evening star., 1937-06-20

is the clock house, which is sunk deep
in the earth and consists Of two vaults.
The inner vault is separated from the
outer by 30-inch air space and
both vaults have been designed to
prevent transmission of heat through
their walls. Both are controlled by
separate thermostats: the outer is
heated by gas and the inner by elec-
tricity.
THREE timepieces are buried in the
vault. though there are six stand
ard clocks used in deriving time
Shorts" and "Rieff1ers." Those
in the vault are kept at constant tenn
Evening star., 1937-08-04
Where and When
Current Theater Attractions
and Time Of Showing.

Keith's-"The Road Back" at 1870
am, l:30, $3.50 and $50 pm The
Toast of New York." premiere. at
1925 and Gas pm.
Exclusive" drama in 4
newspaper city room, at l1:l5 am,
1:3O. 420, tbs and 9:55 pm. Stage
shows at l2:45, 3;35, 625 and 9:lo
pm.
Capitol Slave Ship" the last
SLAYER goes down to sea on a wave of
melodrama, at 10:45 am, l:35. 4:25,
7:l5, and 1905 pm. Stage shows at
1885, $50, and 9l0 pm.
Saratoga" Jean Harlow's
last film, stays a second week, at II
am, los, $40, $40, 1925 and 9::35
pm.
Metropolitan-"King of Gamblers, ~
the slot machine racket gets its due
at II am, l:l0, 3:l5, 5:25, 7:3O and
9:40p.m.
Columbia-"A Day at the Races,
the mad Marxes at their maddest, at
80 q Sos H'cos ~ ~ pin.
Rialto-'Dreaming Lips" Elisabeth
Bergner, torn between two loves, at II
l:55, 3:55. $50. 75O and $50 pm.
Little-"Maedchen in Uniform" ar
outstanding success revived, at 11:l5
am, l, 245, 4:3o, 6:25, $40 and
s55 pm.
Trans-Lux-News and shorts. Show
runs l hour. and is minutes. continu-
Gus from 10 am. until midnight.
Penn-"Captains Courageous, fine
screen translation Of the Kipling novel
for young and old, at 2:2O, 4:40, 6:55
and 9:l5 pm.
Exclusive" at Sis
sos and 1905 pm.
Sheridan-"Another Dawn" Kay
Francis and triangle in the desert
at 2:35, 4:2o, sos, 7:55 and GAS pm
Tivoli-"Captains Courageous" al
2:20, 4:45, 7:o5 and 9:25 pm.
Roadside-"1n Mizzoura," pioneer
period melodrama by the local Sum.
mer theater group, at $50 pr
Evening star., 1937-08-04

producers, Boles and fisticuffs are
never thought of together" the actor
complained Maybe there'll come a
film cycle full of blood and thunder,
and every movie, even parlor dramas,
will find the leading men swinging
their fists and kicking up general
rumpus. I hope So"
POLES started out to be surgeon,
but the World War stepped in
and changed the course Of his life
He served % months as a spy for the
American forces, taking in Germany,
Bulgaria and Turkey during that time.
In Turkey he was arrested and ac-
cused of espionage. He proved that
he was German!
Later he returned to Europe and
studied voice. On his return he got
the leading role in Little Jessie
James," an overnight sensation. He
was one of the first recruits from the
stage to Hollywood-Gloria Swanson
being listed as his "discoverer'-with
the advent of talkies. THE Desert
Song" did for him on the screen what
Little Jessie James" had done on
the stage
Married to a non-professional, he
is the father of two children, both
girls. He leads quie+ family life
and bears the rare Hollywood distinc-
ton Of never having made a news
paper headline with any suggestion
OF scandal in his private affairs.
Copyright, 1887, by the North American
Newspaper Alliance. 1ncD