davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1937-08-07
Protest Wage Slash
PROPOSAL for Workers
Protestants M e e I
/, With Commission
In Hearing

The Detroit Civic Rights Com
mittee. headed by Chairman S. F.
Grigsby. held an open hearing
Monday before the Detroit Library
Commission. in protest OF the pro-
posed reduction in salary OF a col
ored employee with long years OF
service.
Several maintenance employees
IN the library system. II Is said
we're originally scheduled by the
Library Commission to receive pay
cuts. in the persons OF George
Jones. John O'Dell. Josephine
Merecki. Benny Bica, Ralph Nc
Cubbin. John Bairgre, and Henry
Paquette. Only one was given cut,
however. namely. John O'Dell, VINO
Is employed at the Duffield Branch
Library, with a service record OF
eighteen years.
According to the Civic Rights
Committee. O'Dell was receiving a
salary OF 1880 per year His re-
; Continued on Page -
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1937-08-07
CIO Oragnizer To
Speak At Meeting

In answer to the call OF the
Michigan Division OF the National
Negro Congress- annual INDUS
TRIAL and ECONOMIC CONFER
ENCE" to be held at the Bethel A
NJ. e. Church, August 9th and 7th.
1897. the Steel Workers Organic
ing Committee, affiliate Of the G..
I. o., is sending Leondies Me-
Donald. Mr.. Mcdonald has been
long identified with the labor I'M
ions and has been on the organic
ing staff OF the Steel Workers Or
ganizing Committee since It's be-
ginning. Hailing from East Chi
cago. Indiana. he has had many ex-
periences in the steel drive: he
was severely beaten and driven out
OF Monroe, Michigan. MIR. McDon-
aid will speak on the policy OF the
Steel Workers Organizing Com
mittee and how II effects the Negro
steel worker.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1937-08-07

Charged that the Illustration OF
Miss jenkins efforts TO pull sit
down strike formed the basis OF
the charges (which are without
4 5ndajon and pxdicated on a
y,ts 4. lies.
INf BIARTS VERY BAD
Wednesday morning | went to
Inc Edyth Thomas Memorial Hos
pital for the purpose OF getting
the charts OF discharged patients.
I had intended taking the charts
to Chicago so that they might be
examined by officials OF the Amer
lean College of Surgery. These
charts were TO be used as basis
OF rating for the hospital.
81 discovered the charts in very
bad condition. dirty and incorrect.
| called Miss jenkins and repri-
manded her for the bad work. She
said she would quit
Shortly after this. four other
nurses asked that Miss Miss Jen-
kIns be retained, and when I re-
fused. Miss Powell and Miss Rob
erson left.
Miss jenkins was disappointed
because I had nipped her planned
strike"
DR.. Thomas then stated that he
would let the employees at the
hospital explain as 10 the quality
OF the food and the working condl-
tions. He called Miss Cassia An
derson. head nurse at both Beth
esda and Edyth Thomas hospitals.
SERVE THREE MEALS
Il don't know how any one
could say that the nurses and pa
tients are not given good food and
plenty OF IT," Miss Anderson said.
I'VE serve three meals a day
and the nurses work nine hours.
have half day off each week and
every other Sunday"
Miss Bertha Harris and Miss
Roberta McCoIley, nurse aids, de-
clared that they had plenty OF
Confined on Page 81
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1937-08-07
Leibouitz Asks Release of
5;Scottsboro Ala. Sought Deal

New York (ANP)--Samuel Lei
bowitz. attorney for the Scottsboro
boys called on Atty. Gen. Albert A.
Carmichael OF Alabama to use all
his influence to free the remaining
five. after telling 1000 persons in
a mass meeting Thursday night at
the Hippodrome that two Alabama
officials proposed a deal with him
by which four would be given their
unconditional freedom II he allow
ed four others to plead guilty TO
charges OF rape.
Sitting on the platform as he
talked were the four liberated boys
-Olen Montgomery. william Rob-
erson. Eugene williams and Roy
wright-who had discarded their
prison overalls for natty blue serge
suits. The mothers OF two OF them.
Mrs. Viola Montgomery OF Atlanta
and Mrs. Ada Wright OF Scottsboro.
sat near by and directly behind
them was Ruby Bates. one OF the
white women the boys were accus-
Confined on Pare ~
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1937-08-07
PAN HELLENIC
COUNCIL S E 7
National Conference
Here Aug. 1914

Plans for the annual meeting Of
the National Pan Hellenic Coun.
Gil, which will convene here in De-
troit August 13 and IA. at the
Lucy Thurman Y W c. A.. have
been completed. Mrs. Maude e
Brown, chairman OF the Alpha
Kappa Alpha. will preside az al
sessions.
Officers say this will be the mos.
significant meeting of the council
since its early days. The council
was incorporated under the laws II
the state OF Illinois on April u,
1887, by the secretary, Attorney
violette N. Anderson.
The following are the delegates
who will sit in on the sessions:
Omega Psi Phi-S. Herman Dreer.
st. Louis: Francis n. Dent, Detroit
Thomas B. Drum, Detroit. Phi
Beta Sigma--George E. lawrence,
Chicago: Edgar J. Pitts, Detroit;
DR.. s. w. Jenkinsh Detroit Kappa
Alpha Psi. Ernest wilkins. Chi
cago. Joseph A. Craigan, Detroit;
C. O. Washington, Philtdelphia;
Alpha Phi Alpha --Josepf II. b.
Evans, Washington, d. e.; 2. r..
Piper. Detroit; DR.. c. y Wesley,
Washington; Alpha Kapt Alpha
Mrs. Maude whitby. Dfoit: Miss
Maude K. Brown, Louifille; Miss
Margaret b. Davis, NV Orleans,
La: Delta Sigma Thet-Miss Ed
ma ]. Morris. Gary, M: Mrs. Eli
zabeth T. Morton, Rtroit; Mrs.
Mamie d. Robertsot Zeta Phi
Beta-Mrs. Goldie Guy Martin.
Chicago; Mrs. Fanfe c. Clay,
Knoxville; Miss BftrIce Collier,
Washington: Sigma Gamma Rho
Miss Ruby G. Pea'e, st. Louis;
Miss JulIette BoylS4 Chicago; Ber-
tina M. Black. st. louis.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1937-08-07
'Bama State Sends
Delegation to Philly

PHILADELPHIA-(C)--Alabama
state Teachers college of Mont
gomery sent the largest delegation
to the National Association OF Tea
cheers meeting here last week. So
arriving in the college bus. with
all expenses paid. Tuesday morn
ing for the opening session. Since
81 the college summer schools at
Montgomery and Mobile have stag
ed monster membership campaigns
and delegate contests for the Ma
tional. and have sent at least 20
persons to each annual meeting.
President Harper Council Tren-
holm, attending the University OF
Chicago this summer. came here
to deliver an address on "Coordi-
mated Effort OF Negro Colleges
and Universities. Three other
'Bama state representatives had
places on the program.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1937-08-07
FANS STUNNED
BY REFEREES
DRAW VERDICT
Dave Clark Victor
Over Ceccarelli;
Millsapp Wins
By Rus ]. CoMans

Arturo Godoy can write to his
people back home In Chile and tell
them that Santa Claus does not
wait until the twenty fifth OF
December before delivering his
presents in America.
Old ST. Nicholas. bit shaky az
ter watching 10 rounds OF fighting
between Godoy and Roscoe Toles
at University OF Detroit Stadium
Wednesday night. staggered across
the ring TO the two combatants af-
ter the final bell had rung and
raised the gloves of both fighters,
indicating that he was the only
person among the more than seven
thousand who calculated the men
had ended their embroglio in a
dead heat.
II Godoy ever had present CIV
en- to him It was given to him by
Johhfi With. the baid-headed
referee from Grand Rapids who had
been imported at the last minute to
referee the bout after Everett
Watson. Toles' manager. had pro-
tested Sam Hennessey.
DESTROYS SCORE CARD
AS soon as Wirth had raised the
hands OF the two lighters. he
ducked through the ropes before
the stunned fans could voice their
disapproval OF the verdict. He de-
stroyed his score card before leav-
ing the ring.
The sadfaced and mild hammered
Toles fought the best fight OF his
short career. The former factory
hand mixed excellent boxing abili-
ty with unsupported punching
power to win by wide margin.
Toles was credited with winning
the first, fourth, fifth, sia h. sew
enth. eight. ninth and tenth rounds
on the Tribune score card. Godoy
was given the second and third.
sTAGGERS CODOY
Using a short right uppercut
that landed flush on Godoys jaw
as the Chilean came rushing in.
Toles staggered the South Ameri-
can in the first round. Godoy was
swinging wild, rushing into the
ropes several times as he tried
valnly to connect with the elusive
Toles.
Confined on Page ~
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1937-08-07
LEAGUE LISTS
RENT STRIKES
ON LANDLORDS
Renters League To
Stage Parade
In Protest

Favoring neighborhood rent
strikes instead OF city-wide rent
strike, over two hundred delegates
to the conference Of the Renters
and Consumers League last Satur-
day approved reports from the
Leagues governing board, includ-
ing plans 10 organize twenty-five
branches Of the League through
out the city
Although the need for greater
organization before calling strike
was generally expressed. Merrill
Work. OF the rent committee. gov
erning board OF the League. re-
ported that organizational activi-
ties were temporarily handicapped
by lack OF funds. Despite finan-
cial difficulties. however. Work
said. five neighborhood branches
ARE in the process Of he organiza-
ton.
NJ. J. Furay, who was reelected
chairman for period Of three mon
tbs, urged all delegates present 10
assist in the membership drive
The conference approved q biz
prepared by Johnson and John
son. attorneys who handled the
Pontiac rent strike, askine the
state legislature 10 declare an
emergency existed due 20 shortage
in housing facilities and thereby
giving the courts discretionary
powers to evict and 20 enforce fair
rentals
Two slogans adopted a. the con-
ference called for Organized Ac-
tion and 1000 Dues-Payins
Members by January l." The rent
committee recently SET member
ship fee Of one dollar a year.
Among the speakers on the pro-
gram was Victor Reuther. LAW or
2 nicer. who pledged the support
Of 100000 workers TO the Renters
and Consumers League
Patrick O'Brien fIayed erstwhile
liberals who defeated President
Roosevelts plan for re-organIza-
tion OF the courts and thereby
made social reform virtually i'm
possible under the present set-up.
Rev Horace White. OF the Ply
mouth Congregation Church.
brought out the fact the Negro
and white people would have to
work together in the movement to
reduce rents as the landlords
were using the Negro as a threat
TO keep white tenants paying high
rents.
After raising the rents OF color
ed tenants. Rev. White said. the
landlords tell the white people II
they don't pay high rents. they'll
eyict the white tenants and put Ne
groes in who will pay high rents.
Both Negroes and whites are help
less then. Rev. White added, I'M
less they are organized together.
All the delegates present voted
to elect other officers at meet
ing OF the rent committee wednes-
day night in 200 Hofmann build
ing. A motion was passed that
the Renters and Consumers League
have a parade in the near future
for the purpose OF publicizing the
present membership drive.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1937-08-07
FUNERAL RITES
FOR FRANKLIN
Prominent Mortician
Buried Wednesday

Funeral services for the late
Samuel Washington Franklin, OF
the Franklin and Fritz Funeral
Home. at Brush and Garfield. were
held al ! p m. Wednesday from
Ehenezer A. NJ f. Church. corner
OF Brush and Willis streets.
Rev. H. Z. Owens. pastor Of Mt.
Olivet Baptist Church. Of which
the deceased was member. Off
ciated. being assisted by Rev. n II.
Coleman. OF Macedonia Baptist
Church. Burial was in woodmere
Cemetery.
Mr.. Franklin. who was born In
Toledo. Ohio. fifty-three years ago,
died Sunday while visiting friends
In Flint. Mich. He had motored
to Flint to join his wife. who was
attending a religious meeting in
Saginaw. When the end came. Mr..
and Mrs. Franklin were at the home
OF their friend. Charles Robinson.
a prominent undertaken.
Mr.. Franklin was stricken al a.
bout / .. m. Becoming alarmed.
Mrs. Franklin called Mr.. Robinson
and a physician, but the stricken
man succumbed before the doctor
arrived. Death was attributed TO
heart failure. previous attack
having been suffered during the
Christmas holidays.
Mr.. Kelly Fritz, Mr.. Franklin's
business partner, was notified and
he and Undertaken Siampp Willis
rushed to Flint. reaching there an
Continued on Page 81
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1937-08-07
Business Men To
Plan Atlanta Trip

The weekly meeting OF the
MONDAY Luncheon Club of the
Booker T. Washington Trade AS
sociation, Wednesday August IL,
will be devoted entirely to further
ing the plans and arrangements
for the Detroit delegation who will
attend the convention Of the Ma
tional Negro Business League In
Atlanta. Ga. August IS, 10, goth
All members OF the Trade Asso.
citation, Housewives League and
other friends who plan to make
tho trip are urged to attend this
meeting. The program Will be In
charge OF the local On to Atlanta
committee OF which A. X. Lake Is
chairman. other members OF the
committee are Fred Allen, J. II
Dounveor, L. c. Blount and Carl
ton w. Gaines.
Arnett G.. Lindsay OF Atlanta
convention chairman, made a spe-
cial trip to Detroit TO tell OF the
plans that Atlanta Is making for
he convention. He made known
these plans at the 9Th anniversary
dinner OF the Luncheon Club. We'd
nesday evening July 2Sth. Since
that time many additional reserva-
tions have been made by the local
committee.
Business people OF Detroit and
other cities in Michigan are urged
not TO miss this opportunity to see
Atlanta and Tuskegee. The On To
Atlanta Committee extends a cor
dial invitation 10 all. Their slogan
IA "Aii Aboard For Atlanta
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1937-08-07
HECTIC WEEK

In hectic week OF swift move
ment back and forth in the Senate
on pending legislation, the anti
lynchlng bill jumped suddenly to
the front when Senator Royal S.
Copeland, OF New York. moved TO
attach II as an amendment to the
length-of-freight train bill. 1t is
believed that Senator Copeland had
two motives for this entirely un-
expected move. One was TO try to
defeat the freight-train bill. which
be Is opposing: and the other was
TO make a bid for the support OF
Negro voters In his contemplated
race for Mayor OF New York City.
Senator Copeland long has favor
ed the anti-lynching bill.
Senator Copeland's action which
was his own idea, was not a popu-
lar one since the freight-train bill
was backed by the four railway
brotherhoods.
The anti-lynchinr bill was In
iected into a While House press
conference on Tuesday when a re-
porter asked the President whether
the anti-lynching bill would be
among the bills called up before
adjournment The President Is said
to have not made a direct answer
but to have stated merely that ne
favored an anti-lynching bill.
When a move to attach the anti
lynching bill as an amendment was
voted down 41-34, Senator Copeland
announced his intention to try TO
attach the anti-lynching bill to the
wages and hours bill. This brought
on a conference between Senators
Wagner, Copeland and Van Nuys
Wednesday noon and It was decid-
Cd then not TO pse the rider metho
except as a very last resort.
WANT RECORD VOTE
II was felt that the anti-lynching
hill ought to go through and be
tested on its merits and not be
Continued on Page -
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1937-08-07
Carlton Gaines
Is Convalescing

Carlton W. Gaines, prominent To-
cal real estate dealer and chair
man of the B. T. Washington
Luncheon Club. is convalescing at
his residence at 2S4 f. Warren,
following a recent attack OF Ill
ness.
Mr.. Gaines collapsed Wednesday.
July 2S. in local barber shop and
was unconscious for some time.
The stricken man was taken 10 his
homo and physicians summoned.
Mr.. Gaines Is improving rapidly
and will soon be at his desk again.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1937-08-07

T h c charges
made against the
hospital followed
Inc dismissal OF
NJ 1 s $ Frances
Jenkins, nurse at
Ed y { h Thomas
Memorial | a S t
Wednesday, morn
Ing after a heat
ed discussion be-
tween DR.. Tho
mas and Miss
jenkins in which
the physician ac-
cused the nurse
az inefhciency.
Dr. T h o m a s
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1937-08-07
Newly rk Women
Publish Pamphlet

NEW YORK CITY-(ANP)-An
interesting pamphlet. containing GA
pages OF Informative material con-
corning the present status OF over
worked and underpaid laundresses.
most OF whom are colored. has
been published by the League OF
Women Shoppers, Inc. whose mem
bership includes many prominent
New York women and is headed
by Evelyn Preston. the president.
Consider the Laundry Worker" Is
the pamphlets title, and informa-
ton concerning Il may be had by
addressing the League OF Women
shoppers. Inc. 22o Fifth Avenue.
New York CITY.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1937-08-07
DEMAND VOTE
ON LYNCH BILL
Seek Vote Before
Adjournment

Misunderstanding every pos
sible strategy to get action upon
federal anti-lynching bill before
the adjournment OF Congress. sup
porters OF this legislation are cir
culating a round-robin among sena-
tors 10 be signed and presented TO
Senator Alben w. Barley, MAORI
~ leader.
The round-robin demands action
on the anti-lynching bill before adj
journment and in effect serves
notice that the signers will oppose
adjournment until vote is had on
the anti-lynching bill.
Il is expected that fifty or sixty
tigners will be secured for this
document.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1937-08-07
Rodgers Heads
Smith Campaign

ATTORNEY JULIAN p. ROD
GERS, assistant corporation
counsel OF Detroit, has been
selected as campaign manager
Of the John Smith For Mayor
campaign.
Mayor headquarters has been
officially opened mt 1905 Beau
blen, at Forest avenue. At
torney Rodgers announces that
branch Offices will be immedi-
ateIy opened In every section
of the city.
Mrs. Carrie Riley has been
placed In charge OF the wo-
mems division OF fhe Smith
For Mayor campaign.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1937-08-07

Roscoe Toles Gets Drau luith Arthur Godoy
Dr.. Thomas Denies Charges
Made Against Hospital

Charge that the nurses at Edyth
Thomas Memorial Hospital are un-
|'derpaid, poorly fed and forced to
work long hours were vigorously
denied by DR.. ALI Thomas. head
ef the Edyth Thomas Memorial and
Bethesda Hospitals. Tuesday morn
ing.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1937-08-07

MISS ROLANDA ROLAND,
attractive daughter OF Mr.. ana
Mrs. william NJ. Wilson, OF
Second avenue, Ypsilanti, who
will become the bride OF J.
Donald Wilbur Taylor young
business man and son OF Mr..
and Mrs. william II. Taylor, OF
Inkster, Mich. The engagement
was announced by the parents
Of the bride-elect and the
wedding date has been set for
September ~. The ceremony
will be solemnIzed at Brown
Chapel A. NJ. L. Church. IN
Ypsilanti.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1937-06-19
GREEN RIVER
MAN KILLED IN
TRUCK CRASH
Phillip E. Hart Dies Almost
Instantly in Leap For
Safety
BRAKES FAIL; TRY
TO AVOID COLLISION

Phillip Edward Hart, 26, son
Of Mrs. Hattie Shipman Hart, of
Green River, was killed this morn
ing about 7 o'clock in a truck &C
cident three miles beyond Green
vile, S. c., on the Augusta road.
The body will be brought to the
home this afternoon and funeral
arrangements will be announced
later after the arrival of relatives.
James F. Mackey and Sons, Green
vile morticians, are in charge Of
arrangements.
Mr.. Hart, a farmer and truck
driver, was en- route from Savan-
nah to Asheville in truck. owned
by George Freeman. At the time
of the accident, a Mr.. Morgan was
driving the truck and Hart was
riding in the cab. On long hill
the brakes of the truck failed to
operate in spite of the efforts of
both men.
In order to avoid a collision
with q truck and wagon, Morgan
turned off into a road leading into
Waldron's tourist camp. The truck
continued through the camp. ran
through a shed attached TO one of
the cabins, knocked down several
trees and finally stopped short
distance from a small creek. Nor
gan and Hart jumped from the
truck just before it struck the
shelter and Hart struck his head
and shoulder on the side of the
cabin. Death was practically in
Simultaneous. Morgan was unhurt.
Two young women occupying
the cabin were also uninjured.
Hart was unmarried and made
his home with his mother. He is
survived by six half-brothers, U.
S. Hart, Shawnee, Okla; H. L.,
Mineakh, Okla; George b.. Dali
las. Tex; C. s., New Britain,
Conn. Max, Louisville, KY, and
Roy Hart, of New Bern; a sister,
Mrs. w. f. Freeman of Tuxedo,
and three half-sisters, Mrs. Chas.
Hetlinger, Napa, Calf; Mrs. Paul
Teigler, Shawnee, Okla, and Mrs.
Angie eagle of Hendersonville.
Hart was born and lived all his
life at Green River. He was
member of the Tuxedo Baptist
church.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1937-06-19
STEEL STRIKE
MEDIATORS IN
FIRST SESSION
Miss Perkins Wants "Stat-
us Quo" Kept as Farley
Progresses
COURT RULING HITS
LABOR BOARD POWER

HARRISBURG, June 10. (UPy
Gov. George Earle today declared
martial law at Johnstown, Pa. To-
cation Of the strikebound Cambria
plant of Bethlehem Steel Co.
He ordered Colonel Augustine
Janeway to take 500 additional
state police and highway patrol
men to the steel strike city for
reinforcement of the 40 state
troops already there.
The governor directed the force
to take over policing Of the Cam
bria plant and close operations
there.
Governor Earle said he would
not call out the national guard
unless police are found to be in
sufficient in number.
Attorney General Charles Mar
giotti advised the governor that it
was legal to declare martial law
without dispatching troops to the
scene.
Meantime, at Cleveland, O., two
members Of the Federal Steel me-
diation board went into a prelim-
mary session with labor depart
ment members before starting the
opening Of the mediation confer.
enceS.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1937-06-19
lNAMERICANS
SAID LOST ON
SPANISH ship
Italian Paper Has Only Re-
port of 1000 Drowned
in Sea Tragedy

ROME. June 10. (UP).-One
hundred and four Americans, vol
unteers in the Spanish Loyalist
armies, were believed to have
drowned when the Loyalist steam
ship Ciudad de Barcelona sank in
the Mediterranean recently, the
Giornale D'Italia said last night.
The Fascist newspaper said that,
in addition to the Americans. 900
other foreign volunteers probably
were lost.
American officials here had
heard nothing of the report until
it appeared in the Italian news
paper which gave no source of in
formation for the rumor.
On the basis of information
available here officials knew of no
reason why American volunteers
should have been on the ship.
1t was pointed out, however,
that Americans serving in the
Spanish LoyaliSt armies are with
out passport privileges to enter
Spain and consequently are not
registered at border conSulates.
Many of the Americans are
serving under assumed names so
that their eventual return home
will not be challenged on grounds
they have violated the U. s. neu-
trality laws.
The ordinary procedure for
American volunteers has been for
them to enter France as tourists
and then to make their way Sc
cretly across the border into
Spain.
The Giornale D'Italia quoted a
dispatch from Salamanca, Spain,
which confirmed the report that
aboard the Ciudad de Barcelona
were more than 1000 volunteers
of which lO4 were from the Unit
ed States" m
The dispatch added that liter
ally all of them were drowned
Also aboard the vessel were
500 aviation engines of American
make, according to the newspaper.
The dispatch said the Valencia
government was attempting to sal
wage the engines as well as ships
papers. which might list the names
of passengers.
The Ciudad de Barcelona was
sunk in the Mediterranean, be-
tween Barcelona and Valencia,
two weeks ago. Loyalist authori-
ties at Valencia said it was tor
pedoed by an unidentified foreign
suhp,arine