davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1937-06-14
Issues in Old Clothes
Sharecroppers, Relief, Taxation, Currency Woes,
Fascism Had Roots in Ancient Rome.

Of the second century, the city be-
came q hive of shiftless population
supported by the state with money
which the struggling agriculturist was
taxed to provide. The same situation
was to be found in all the leading
cities.
Cities Looked to Rome.
"In spite Of outward splendor these
cities were also declining. They head
now learned to depend on Rome to
care for them even in their own local
affairs, and their citizens had rapidly
lost all sense of public responsibility.
Everywhere the leading men were
indifferently turning away from pub
lie life. Moreover, Rome was begin
ming to lay financial obligations upon
leading men of such cities, and it
became increasingly difficult to find
men willing to assume these burdens.
. At the same time the business
and financial life was also declining.
The country communities no longer
possessed numerous purchasing
population. Hence, the country mar
ket for goods manufactured in the
city could no longer dispose OF their
products. They rapidly declined
Stage Set for Revolution.
These forces Of decline were
swiftly bringing on a century of rev.
olution which was to shipWreck the
civilization Of the early work. The
assassination of the unworthy son
Of Marcus Aurelius gave the oppor-
tunity for struggle among a group
OF military usurpers. From this
struggle a rough but successful SOL
der, Septimius Severus, emerged
triumphant he Systematically
filled the posts Of the government
with military leaders of low origin.
Thus both in the army and the gov
eminent the ignorant, and often for
eign masses were gaining control.
From the leaders of the barbaric
soldier class, the Roman Empire re-
ceived 80 rulers in 80 years One of
these rulers went through the mock
cry of celebrating the thousand wears
jubilee OF the traditional founding of
Rome. Most of these so-called emper-
orS were not unlike revolutionary
bandits -. For so years there was no
public order . In this tempest of
anarchy the civilization Of the ancient
world suffered final collapse. The su-
premacy Of mind and scientific knowl-
edge won by the Greeks in the third
century BIC. yielded to the reign of
ignorance and superstition in the So
cial disasters of the third century ADJ"
Excerpts from The Conquest Of Civil
lizatlon,' by James Henry Breasted. Copy
right by Harper q Brothers. 1920
Evening star., 1937-06-14

fgures the 40yedrold
Who had reached that political
rfes His knowledge OF military affairs limited but
braue During the Polish he uounded
Gen Kork the president the
awarded the revolutionary
Moscow had system
artillery officer in Czaris had
ideals enthusiastically become
of the armywhen Tukhachevsky attained the
the
None Of the
old, had passed the 4Oth milestone of life
government
the trial the the cuprts.
unlikely that these
The soldiers privileged position
Of the population suffering
crouded the soldiers
clothing When things changed
the U. S. S. R. the soldiers
The general belief that these
their
Of the Stain administrations like
tendencies OF their and sufficiently childish think
into saddle then they would
Evening star., 1937-06-14

There "break" betpeen the President and
Richbeg 1885
uten Raymond A1oley for example.
in
eral days before public.
N. A
him
frequent "soundest" Of the
No. Joseph Patrick Kennedy.
successful handling
the merchant marine.
hard-hittng HarUdrd
he he woud the admit called discuss many
sometimes
OF there still the
and Jackson.
Bernard Buch who had desk right
invited for his company than his
Business reured the
ttey
presidential advisers
Back OF the sharp attack their representatives
N. r. A'q BIack-Connery
than met the bristing administration
complain representatives in
Evening star., 1937-06-14
REPUBLICAN APPOINTED
TO COUNTY SCHOOL UNIT
Edward Thomas, Postmaster on
st. Georges Island, Named to
st. MarY's Post.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
LEONARDTOWN, Md. June IA
Edward Thomas, postmaster on st.
Georges Island, has been appointed
the second Republican member to the
ST Marys County Board of Education
He fills the place of George Quirk of
Pearson.
The board now consists of Mrs. G.
Morgan knight, sr., Republican, OF
Leonardtown; Mrs. Agnes Herbert,
Democrat, of Mechanicsville, Md, and
Thomas. Due to the lateness of the
appointment, most school business
had to be held up.
Evening star., 1937-06-14

any prospects for
bettering t h e M
selves or any op-
portunity f 0 r
their C h / ! d r e n
ever to possess
lands, these men
lost energy and
independence and
W ere very diff
ferent from the
hearty farmers of
earlier days.
"T he grea t
! a n d S o n C e
worked by slaves
were now worked
by these colOni.
Evening star., 1937-06-14

Multitudes of country people. un-
willing to become coloni, forsook
their fields and turned to the city
for relief. Many did this because
| neglect of fertilization and long con-
tnued cultivation had exhausted the
land, and it would no longer produce
crops. Great stretches of unWorked
and weed-grown fields were no un-
common sight. AS a result the amount
of land under cultivation decreased,
and the ancient world was no longer
raising enough to feed itself properly.
The scarcity was felt in the centers
=. where prices had gone up.
"Ofers of the Emperor to give land
| to any one who would undertake to
| cultivate it failed the destruction
| of the small farmers and the inability
| to restore them formed the leading
cause among whole group of causes
| which brought about the decline and
fall of the empire.
Class Exterminated.
The country people who moved to
Rome brought about their own
determination as class. The large
families which country life favored
were no longer reared, the number of
marriages decreased, and the popu-
lation of the empire shrank. Debased
by the life Of the city, the former
sturdy yeomen lost his independence
in an eager scramble for place in
the waiting line of the city poor. to
whom the government distributed free
grain, wine and meat. The time which
| should have been spent in bread win
ming was worse than wasted upon the
| cheering multitudes at he chariot
races, bloody games and barbarous
| spectacles. Notwithstanding the fine
families who moved to Rome from the
! provinces under the liberal emperor
Evening star., 1937-06-14

Braddock, lately
toting bales on
the water front,
and Joe Gould,
h / S S u p e r
charged, sizzling,
pint-Si2e man
a G er. BraddoCk
fights Louis in
Chicago June %
a n d, b arrin z
physical incapac-
ltV I h e r e after,
Jim and Joe will
ride the cushions
and order from
the left side Of
the menu IT h q
Evening star., 1937-06-14

Washington, the Advisory Council
in the Commerce Department,
never tipped them off as to what
was coming.
This is the Advisory Councils
side, which, if ever made public, will
have to be printed in invisible ink.
The members assert they were
shown the gist Of the wages and
hours bill and their advice asked.
Advice and blotters, of course. are
free. They said, it is said, there
Evening star., 1937-06-14


j the
While nobody Except Senator Byrd would admit
calendar best friends sympathetic critics
Is concerned.
mentioned at ALL but which definitely scheduled
the without examination.
Alliance
Evening star., 1937-06-14

Gamarnlck, committed suicide be-
fore the trial. He lacked the pa
tience to go through the official
proceedings which he knew would
end with his death sentence. Tux
hachevsky, rated as the best officer
in the Russian Army, stood trial
and, like all those brought before
the courts in Moscow in the last
II months, admitted his guilt.
These t1Uo men 1Oere
1Dell knoUn abroad. OF the
Evening star., 1937-06-14
Headline Folk
and What
They Do
Joe Gould and Jimmy
Braddock Quit Eat.
ing at Beaneries.
BY LEMUEL F. PARTON,

n 1EW YORK, June 14.-Here are
M a couple Of sporting extra
v D'ArtagnanS who have min
gled with the scenery of full
many a goodly beanery, but who now
dine on ortolans at the Crillon-win
or lose. The same being Big Jim
Evening star., 1937-06-14

ing CNe OFFICES OF Joe DAVIES, UUW
fitting between Paris and Moscow,
where he is the accredited Ambas-
sador. The last time the former
head of the N r. A. walked openly
through the executive Offices he ex-
planned that he was there on
purely personal matter. 1t was be-
fore the wages and hours bill was
written.
But what other business than
purely personal" does a personal
adviser have with his chiefo
Evening star., 1937-06-14

HE opinions of the Oriters this oun not
necessarly The Stars Such opinions presented in
The Stars effort to giDe all sides OF questions
readers although such opinions contradictory among
themselves and directly opposed to The Stars.
Evening star., 1937-06-14

According to reliable reports,
it seems that Field Marshal VASTLY
Bluecher. commander in chief of
the Far Eastern forces who, under
the name of Gen. Calm had begun
the reorganization Of the Chinese
forces, is at present under suspicion
and is likely to be put on the spot.
Bluecher was a member of the court
martial. But that does not matter
in PNSeio
Evening star., 1937-06-14
This Changing World
Execution of Soviet Generals May Have Profound
Effect on Russian Army and Aid Hitler
BY CONSTANTINE BROWN

BY CONSTANTINE BROWN.
ME shots which fired to eight OF Rusia leading
military
the world
Eight highest executed because
OF reasonable
relations with U S.
involved in this affair Marshal
Evening star., 1937-06-14

70 q G I e r m l n e
whether the post
al officials have
been derelict in
their duty in de-
livering mail cov-
ers only one an
gle of the inter-
ference with de-
liveries of United
States mail in the
M j d d e w e S t
strike areas.
The re Wis e d
statutes Of the
United S t a t e S
provide.
"Wboeyer ShaI1
Evening star., 1937-06-14
What's Back of It All
Richberg Regains Status Roosevelt's No. Man
Kennedy's Advise Sought on Many Questions.
BY H, r. BAUKHAGE

old familiar back the
House invisible cloak slips guard
/ other disguise
officially, but the old
There
that Donald Rchberg No
dence to the
Richberg pccing private attorney
Evening star., 1937-06-14
BY DOROTHY THOMPSON.

SST INDING the burden Of taxes
~ unbearable, most Of the
small farmers gave up the
struggle such a man
would often enter upon an arrange
ment which made him the colonus of
a wealthy villa owner -. not actu-
ally slaves but without
Evening star., 1937-06-14

Navy yards Of Great Britain are
expected to work on warcraft for some
time.
Evening star., 1937-06-14
MalDeliveries
Challenge to
Roosevelt
Constitution Requires
Faithful Execution
Of Written Law.
BY DAVID LAWRENCE.

TINE President of the United
States is charged by the Con-
stitution with the following
obligation: He shall take care
that the laws be faithfully executed"
For this reason the inquiry begun
by the Senate Post Office Committee
Evening star., 1937-06-14

NOVEMBER, 1890. .. Double. Mellow OLD COLDS were
first to Celophane wrapper as an added protection
for cigarettes.
good idea. So good that all other cigarette manu-.
facurers adopted Cellophane, too. A good idea-but
not good enough.
OCTOBER, 1898 Double Mellow OLD COLDS intro.
duced the EXTRA jacket Double! Cellophane. Double
wrapping. lnsurng the American cigarette smoker
for the first time-truy FRESH cigarettes anywhere he
buys them.
TO-DAY .. The OLD GOLD weather.tght, climateproof
package is no longer theory That the EXTRA jacket
actually does deliver FRESHNESS to the smoker ha.
been proved day in and day out period Of nearly
Evening star., 1937-06-14

two years. And proved in every kind Of climate: hot,
cold, dry or damp.
So the OLD GOLD smoker enjoys not only the luxury
Of the choicest prize crop tobaccos Not only the cee-
brated OLD GOLD double-mellow blend obtained by
exclusive Lorillard methods.
He enjoys these fine qualities at their bes-at their
top form. Because Double.Mellow OLD COLDS are al
ways FRESH thanks to the EXTRA jacket.
Always FRESH. Never stale. Always wholesome.
Never irritating Always fullaavored Never weather.
weary and clmate.wom.
You can't buy stale OLD GOLD. The EXTRA jacket
"yoof guarantee p LORlLLARD COMPANY, Inc.
Established 176O)
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1937-01-14
$4,000, 900 RECOMMENDED
Largest Budget to Be Proposed Yet
May Raise Teachers Pay

The General Assembly began this
week the consideration of the Advis-
DRY Budget commissions recommen-
dation for taxes designed to raise the
largest sum ever collected by the
State of North Carolina.
The levies would finance, under
a balanced budget, record expendi-
lures of $70,178,171 during the fiscal
year ending June 80, 1888, and $7O,-
24O,975 during the year ending June
80, 1889.
Expenditures for 1856 were
5 &c, AIS,
New Tax Proposals h
The huge sum would be raised
partly by three new tax proposals,
two of which were termed ''soak the
rich" measures by some legislators,
In general, however, the States tax
structure would be unchanged, ex-
cept for removal of the three per
cent sales levy on call necessities OF
life"
A flat ten per cent raise in teach
ers salaries was recommended.
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1937-01-14
Hash Placed on
Good Committee
Ashe Representative Appointed
On Six Committees by
House Members

]. B. Hash, county representative
in the General Assembly that is now
in session in Raleigh, came out well
in the committee assignments that
were made last Thursday. The FL
nance and Appropriations rank
among the most important in the
legislature and Hash is named on the
Appropriations Five other commit
tees that he will work with during
the next few months will be: educa-
ton, welfare, game, conservation
and development, and manufacture
ing and labor. He is the ranking
member on the latter committee.
A legislative spanking for cam
supporters of Governor-reject Ralph
w. Mcdonald, in prospect since the
beginning of the special session last
month, became a reality Saturday
with announcement of House COM
mittees.
Mcdonald stalwarts not only fail
ed to get important chairmanships,
but were used as sparingly as posi-
BILE on the major committees.
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1937-01-14

Well-KnOwn County Citizen Dies
After Lingering Illness

George Franklin Bare, prominent
Wagner citizens, died at his home
there Monday after an illness of
over three years which grew worse
during the past eight week. Funeral
services were held Wednesday at
Roans Creek with Revrends R. H.
Stone and J. w. Luke in charge. A
large crowd of friends and relatives
were in attendance and a handsome
floral tribute was evidence of the
esteem in which the deceased was
held.
Mr.. Bare served as a member of
the revenue department under the
Wilson administration and for the
past twelve years has been in the
employment of the state highway
system. Prior to that time he was a
farmer.
Mr.. Bare is servived by his moth
er, Mrs. Lois Bare; his wife, Mary
Edith Bare; four children, Mrs.
Brantley Coward, Mrs. Archie Lit
tie, and Messrs. Murill and Garlic
Bare. He is also survived by four
brothers: Ambrose and Jess, both
business men of this city, Lee and
Mack Bare, of Jefferson. Two broth
ers, James and Will, are deceased.
Four sisters survive: Mrs Wiley Sc
vert, of Jefferson; Mrs. Hiram Bare,
of Crumpler; Mrs. M. E. Little, of
Jefferson; and Mrs. Cora Morgan, of
West Jefferson.
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1937-01-14
Program for Farm
Demonstration
Under Way

Mr.. E. H. Meacham, assistant
farm management supervisor, spent
most of three days in the county
last week helping in meetings at
which he gave interesting discus
sions on facts pertaining to funda-
mentals underlying S ucc &c u |
farming. He also explained the
workings of the demonstration
farm program.
At these meetings six men were
elected to serve on county COM
mittee whose duty it will be to
choose the demonstration farms.
The farms will be chosen from ap-
plications submitted to the COM
mittee.
Any farmer may secure the op-
plication blanks from the county
agents office if he wishes to sub
NIT his farm for demonstration.
Several applications have already
been submitted.
It is expected that the committee
will meet within the next few
weeks for the purpose of choosing
the farms. It is advisable that all
applications be in as soon as posi-
BILE so that the committee may
have them at the time of the meet
ing.
If anyone does not fully under
stand the program it will gladly be
explained if call is made at the
county agents office in the court
house.
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1937-01-14
Be Sure to Sign
Application Now

Everyone who filled work
sheet under the soil conservation
program and who carried out any
of the practices for which pay
ment is made, is required to sign
his application for payment in Or
der to get his pay.
Those who have not already
signed either at the place of meet
ing in their township or in the
county agents office need not
come to sign again.
It is very necessary that all
those who have not signed come
at once; no one can sign for
another. Personal signature is re-
quired.
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1937-01-14
Franklin d..
Asks Court
TOBeAidin
Democracy
Halt in Rising Deficit
Is Predicted in His
Budget Message
CCC Permanent

In his annual message to Congress,
President Roosevelt issued a warn
ing to the Supreme Court, calling
on it to do it's part in making demo-
crazy successful. He said he saw no
fault with the Constitution as it
stands, but felt that it should be
looked at literally. The fault, in his
opinion, is not with the document,
but with the judicial branch which
has failed to give an increasingly en-
lightened Interpretation of it.
Through his address ran the
thread of this thought By inference
he accused the court of using the
Constitution as "a device for the
prevention Of action rather than as
IAN instrument of progress"
Asks Cut in Relief
Following this up, he sent his an
nua1 budget message to Congress
yesterday, message in which he
called for a cut in relief and a halt
to mounting deficits. Stating that al
though large sums had been spent to
combat the depression the benefits
obtained far outweighed all costs.
He predicted that with economic
conditions improving at the present
rate, completely balanced budget
can be expected in 1889. In the
meantime the country must continue
to spend substantial sums for work
relief, but the 1888 budget will be
in balance except for debt reduc-
tions Of $401, $4,000. i
Employers Must Help q
If all employers would undertake
to give employment to persons now
on relief in the next six months, the
national budget can thereafter be
kept definitely in balance, he be-
ieves. At the same time the Govern
ment does not propose to allow
American families to starve, he
added.
In the near future he proposes to
submit to Congress broad plan for
placing the executive branch of the
Government on sounder and more
responsible basis of government, he
said. At the same time expenditures
must be planned with a view to the
national needs, and no expansion of
Government activities should be au-
thorized unless the necessity for
such expansion has been definitely
determined and funds are available
to defray the costs.
Scent Postage
It should be the definite policy of
the Government to operation postal
service out of postal receipts, he be-
lieves, and a continuation of the B.
cent stamp will be necessary step
toward this accomplishment.
Gee Camps Permanent
He recommended that Congress
enact legislation which would make
the CCC a permanent agency of
government, and he predicted that
the Governments income in 1887
will increase substantially over that
of 1886.
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1937-01-14
Healing Springs
Girl One of Five
Contest Winners
Five Dollars Goes to Miss Mamie
Gambill of County for Rating
in Fact-Finding Contest

Miss Mamie Gambille, of Healing
Springs High School, has been an
nounced as one of the five winners
of the five-dollar awards that were
offered in the fall by the Winston
Salem Chamber of Commerce for the
high school students in this section
of the state who secured the most
accurate and interesting material
concerning their respective counties.
The information is to be used in a
series of bulletins which will be dis
tributed to tourists and travellers.
In announcing the winners, Presi-
dent White expressed his gratifica-,
ton over the interest shown in the
contest, and the cooperation of high
school principals and teachers. All
the entries from the five counties
were creditab1e, and the judges
found it difficult to determine the
winner in several instances.
President White said that plans
are now being made to present the
cash awards of s$5 to the winners,
and will be announced in few days.
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1937-01-14
and BatteredB Body
Of Kidnapped Boy Found
In State Of Washington
Entire Northwest Scene Of Manhunt After
Identification Of Charles Madison
Found in Thicket Frozen
Had Been Missing Since Dec. p

His own bulldog fought to be let
out.
Tracks indicated an automobile
brought the body to about $50 feet
from where the child was found.
Frozen to Snow
The body was found shortly be-
fore noon, frozen to the snow. Hands
and face were covered with what
appeared to be river silt, as though
the body had first been placed in
water along the edge of stream or
mudflat.
The tragic discovery of the child's
body ended one of the nations
strangest kidnapings.
In fact it was the only major kid
naping of the year and it's tragic de-
nouement broke before a veteran
squad of agents of J. Edgar Hoover's
bureau of investigation. They were
headed by Harold Nathan, his assist
ant and chief detective in the Stoll,
Urschel and Bremen kidnapings.
Charles was kidnapped from the
living room of his fathers home at
8:45 p. m. Sunday night, Dec. q.
A masked man, waving pistol,
broke glass in a French window and
forced William Mattson, Is, to re-
lease the latch.
Inside, he terrorized William;
Muriel Mattson, IA, and Virginia
Chatfield, Is, of Seattle, a house
guest. These three, with Charles, the
curly haired, brown-eyed youngest
son of DR.. Mattson, were all in the
living room and were alone in the
house except for Oke Pilsen aged re-
tainer who was sleeping above the
garage wing.
Charles was wearing blue knick-
ers, blue blazer and house slippers.
He had just recovered from severe
cold which kept him away from
school the last few days before
Christmas vacation.
Freezing weather and rain and
snow at intervals, aroused fears for
Charles safety, especially in view of
a cold from which he had suffered
before the kidnapping.
The Mattsons and Investigators
were hopeful for the boys safe re-
turn during the first ten days after
the kidnapping, but m the last week
the belief grew that all was not well.