davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1937-08-01
LOWER RATE TO AID
M0LASSES SHIPMENTS
By the Associated Press

By the Associated Press.
The Interstate Commerce Com
mission authorized yesterday re-
duction from 20 cents to IT'S cents
per hundred pounds on black strap
molasses in car load lots from New
Orleans, Gulfport and Mobile to dis
tillery centers Of Peoria and Pekin,
Ill.
The commissions order said a
large solvents company at Peoria
which has been using barge trans
portation to obtain black strap, has
indicated 1t will turn over to rail car
riers at least half Of its yearly traf-
nc OF about 10000, 900 gallons.
Evening star., 1937-08-01
REGISTRATION STATEMENTS

registration statements for new Sc
eEltes fleo yesterday with the Securities
CtnmmlsSlon included: Welimann Bronze 4
auumlnum Co. Cleveland. SlJp.5UO OF 81
par Vaiue common stock for debt retire
ment ana eoulpment and working Capital
OnoerWrlter. GaSsman & Co.
Evening star., 1937-08-01
TOBACCO AVERAGE
FIRM IN GEORGIA
1eAches 1926 Cents a Pound in
Opening Week-About Fifth
of Crop Sold.
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
VALDOSTA, Ga, July 3l.-Tobacce
growers Of the Georgia Florida bright
leaf belt sold approximately fifth OF
the predicted 1887 yield at opening
week auctions that eSta ablished an aver
age price of 1926 cents a pound
The market closed firm for the week
yesterday after two days of brisk sales.
Unofficial total poundage was reported
at about seven million a day.
The Agricultural Economics Bureau
OF Washington said opening prices
were about as expected and reported
principal offerings consisted of good
to-choice-quality primings and low-to-
fair-quality cutters.
Prices appeared to be satisfactory
to growers and there We're but few re-
3ectlonS,' the bureau announced.
The opening compared in average
price with last years first-week figure
OF slightly over Is cents a pound.
Evening star., 1937-08-01
Sugar Deliveries
Decline Slightly
During First Half
BY the Associated Press.

oS tic HSsOcldtpu fIebS.
Total deliveries Of sugar during the
f'rst half OF the year, the Farm Ad-
ministration said yesterday, totaled
1886, lob short tons, raw value.
This was slightly less than total de-
llVeries during the same period Of
1885, which totaled 3,410,45s short
tons.
Distribution of sugar in form Of
consumption during the January June,
1887, period, was: BY refners, 2.l23,-
s0l short IONS; by beet sugar fac
tories. 588,l25 short tons: by import
ers, 36823S short tons. and by Conti-
mental cane sugar mills, 67.sOs short
tons. These deliveries, converted TO
raw value, give the total of 3,34s, lob
short tons.
Evening star., 1937-08-01
WOOL TOP FUTURES,

NEW YORK. July 3l lP,.-Wool top fu-
tures closed quiet, unchanged TO 10 lower.
o.,,I High. Low. Last
MAY - IlI0 i51 IL 'up up
Bid. ''' W.
Evening star., 1937-08-01
Share Turnover
Tops June Level,
Lags Below 1896
By the Associated Press.

NEW YORK. July 3l-Share turn
over on the New York Stock Exchange
In July totaled 2l.26452O compared
with l6449,l93 in June and 34793,-
159 in July last year.
The latest aggregate was the high
est since April. when 34,6O6,S39 shares
changed hands.
Volume Of bond transactions
dropped to the smallest for any month
since November. 1882. July turnover
was sl62,583.7O0 face value, COM
pared with sl78,898OOO in the previ-
GUS month and s2S2,57l 900 in july,
1896. The November, 1882, total was
Sl59,4l9,OOo.
Evening star., 1937-08-01
SMALL TRADER SELLS
MORE THAN HE BUYS

BY the Associated Press.
The Securities Commission said yes
terday the little fellow sold more
securities than he bought on the New
York Stock Exchange July 70 for the
first time since the daily figures on
small transactions became available on
June 7.
From June to the beginning Of this
week the small traders purchases
measured by odd lot-or less than 100
share-transactions totaled 1908 $780,
els and his sales $1es, ,8s1 ,5s2.
Evening star., 1937-08-01
PROFITS OF CLEVELAND
GRAPHITE BRONZE UP
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
NEW YORK, July 3l.-The Cleve-
land Graphite Bronze Co. for the
quarter ended June 80, 1897 reports
net income amounting to $3.50, 800,
equivalent to $l.97 per share
This compares with 1851 .279. equiv
alent to SLIP per share for the like
quarter Of 1896.
The above amounts are after all
charges, including provision for nor
NAL Federal income taxes, but not
including provision for the corporate
surtax in undistributed profits.
Evening star., 1937-08-01
GRADUATES TRAINED,

NEW YORK, July 81 CSpeciaD -
Forty college graduates have entered
the training course of the York Ice
Machinery Corp. in preparation for
active sales and engineering service
in the air conditioning and refrigera- =
ton fields, S. E. Lauer, vice presi-
dent and general sales manager, an
nounced.
Evening star., 1937-08-01

United States Freight Co.-Deficit,
six months ended June 80, was S56.-
265. against net income of $267,7
Evening star., 1937-08-01
JUMP SEEN IN SALES
OF OFFICE FURNITURE
By the Associated Press,

ey the Associated Press
The Census Bureau says new orders
Tor steel office furniture. shelving and
lockers totaled s2,32468O during June
compared with Sl,9l5,556 in Nav and
el,565,l83 in June year ago For
the first six months of this year orders
totaled sl4,153,51s, compared with
ee.374,l6S in the corresponding period
Of 1896.
Evening star., 1937-08-01
0LE0MARGARINE OUTPUT
DROPS BELOW YEAR AGO
BY the Associated Press


OleomargaEine production during tho
first half of 1887 totaled I8s.622,52l
pounds, the Commerce Department
reports, or about 4,000,0 900 pounds
under the total for the corresponding
period a year ago.
Evening star., 1937-08-01
RAIL ISSUE AUTHORIZED.

The Interstate Commerce Com
mission authorized the Chicago, Great
Western Railroad today to issue ST.
5000 of equipment trust certificates
In connection with the purchase Of new
equipment.
Evening star., 1937-08-01

IN bankruptcy receiverhlp
Act
Rates Of dividends in the foresons are annual dis
the quarterly
Ton unless otherwise noted special dividends are not
.rt X Es @ dividend TEx rights Also extra Including
pan So lar his year no regular Cash stock
warrants XIV Without warrants Warrants "' "" "'''
Evening star., 1937-07-24
Men VS.. Machines.

Scientists and sociologists working
under the National Resources Committee
voice considerable apprehension as they
view the future after concluding that
America is riding the tide of unprece-
dented material and mechanical de-
Velopments.
The prospect of painful periods OF
adjustment following the application of
new inventions leads to the recommended
ton that joint committee representing
several Federal agencies prepare for the
probable displacement of men by ma
chimes during such trying times.
Immediate studies are advocated Of
the sociological effects of potential man
diSplacing and investment -threa tening
devices such as the mechanical cotton
picker, pre-fabricated houses, the photo
electric cell, artificial cotton, synthetic
rubber, and steep-flight airplanes.
Commenting on the groups findings
President Roosevelt said that while it
is certain much of the unemployment
caused by the march of technical ad-
vance is absorbed by new occupations
born Of new industries, 1t is equally true
Evening star., 1937-07-24
Aliens and w. P. A.

Citizens throughout the Nation will
be interested to watch developments in
the fight now being made by. aliens to
retain their connection with W. P A. In
the necessary reduction of personnel in
the New York area approximately two
thousand foreign-born persons were
scheduled to be dismissed by July 81.
The law provides for such a cut.
Some of those directly affected, how
ever, are appealing to the courts for
protection against being dropped from
the Federal pay roll. A test case is to be
made of the firing" of a woman for
merly engaged in pre-school recreation
project. She has been in the United
States since infancy, but it is part of
the record that she did not apply for
her second papers until June last
The point at issue, it would seem, is
one Of fundamental equity. If curtail-
ments are essential, it appears logical
that aliens should be the first to go.
Their status in this country is that of
guests, and they are possessed Of no
rights save those which are granted
them by sufferance or courtesy. 1t is
doubtful if they can demand anything
except the ordinary consideration which
commonly is accorded to a traveller any,
where on earth.
But to comprehend the situation 1t
may be helpful to postulate a question
namely what would be the attitude OF
foreign government toward an American
who insisted on a dole or make work"
job? Tourists from the United States,
landing at Plymouth or Southampton,
are obliged to sign a covenant not to
compete for employment with natives
of Great Britain while staying in
England
Evening star., 1937-07-24
Captain Barnard.

There exists no proper measuring stick
useful a life as that of Captain Morris
Macy Barnard He was unique in char
aCter and temperament, and the forty
years Of service he gave to society repre-
sent a durable asset which it would be
impossible to appreciate too highly. AS
superintendent of the penal institutions
of the District of Columbia from 1924
until his seventy fifth birthday anniver-
sary on April 4 last, he earned the undy-
ing gratitude of the people of Washing
ton.
But more particularly he will be
moumed by the unfortunates with whom
he was principally concerned. 1t was his
belief that "a man does not cease to be
a man simply because he has been con-
victed of a crime Also, he entertained
an ardent faith that even the worst of
rascals can be and should be reformed"
Prison, in his considered judgment, ought
not to be "a hell on earth" He gov
erned his charges in harmony with this
philosophy of scientific but humane
penology.
OF course, there were occasions when
he was criticized. The Lorton riots of
1888 put his doctrine to a bitter test.
Yet he did not despair. Indeed, he pre-
served his habitual confidence in mercy
as an alternative to vengeance to the
end of his career. And it was part OF
his reward that he found courageous
public officials to support him and
large number Of thoughtful citizens to
indorse their attitude of trust
Captain Barnard will be remembered
for the kindly and courteous gentleman
he was as well as for the work he did.
BY genius of heart and mind and soul
he wrote his name into the history of the
Nations Capital indelibly.
Evening star., 1937-07-24

It = political instrument. And that Is
it's significance today.
But in neither Moscow nor New York
is it possible to mix art and propaganda
without social peril. No conceivable
sophistry can obscure their fundamental
opposition. They are, basically, hostile
forces. Painting, sculpture, literature,
music and drama cease to be free the
moment they are harnessed to a special
cause. In other language, partisanism
is a poison. Even propaganda against
propaganda is a sorry affair.
Yet the Dancing Teachers Business
Association is to be commended for its
criticism. The truly great dancers-Ad-
cline Genee, Anna PavloWa, Isadora
Duncan and Ruth st. Denis among
them-simply could not interpret such
slogans as Down with the capitalists"
or "Hurrah for John l.. Lewis"
Evening star., 1937-07-24
Art Versus Propaganda.

A multitude of lovers of the dance
ert will rejoice in the news that the
Dancing Teachers Business Association,
meeting in New York, has protested
against political and propa agandistic
activity" in the Federal Dance Project
division Of w P A In formal res
olution the organization "deplores the
obvious lack Of respect for taxpayers
money" opposes Identification OF en-
doved groups Of dancers with commu-
nistic societies, objects to the use of
Government time in picketing" and de-
nands worthwhile dance productions"
The charges are serious, but there are
indications numerous enough TO suggest
that they are justified. No special re-
search is required 10 demonstrate that
the influence Of Soviet Russia is manifest
In the character Of the programs offered
by the w. P. A. dancers in the recent
past. The shadow of The Red Poppy"
is only too clearly manifest in terpsi-
chorean appeals to unite against war
and fascism." etc.
Perhaps, however, an explanation will
help the general public TO understand
what has happened. Briefly, the story
Is this: In 1918, following the Boshevik
revolution, Lenin and Trotsky found
themselves obliged TO decide the fate of
the Marinsky Institute and the Imperial
Russian Ballet. 1t was their choice to
pervsrt 1t to radical ends. They made
Evening star., 1937-07-24

circulated pamphlet among mine own
ers-one Of whom was using 500 horses
to raise water by buckets-but was un-
able to convert them to the idea of
raising water by fire" Actually the
machine was costly and dangerous ard
the mine owners probably were sound in
their conclusions. In 17l2 another
Englishman, Thomas Newcomer, in
vented steam engine to pump water
from mines which was essentially the
steam engine of today.
The invention generally is credited to
James Watt. Actually, the report points
out, his only made an Improvement on
Newcomers device, but was able to 50
tie it up with patents that all further
development was held up for century.
Watt didn't realize the implications of
his own invention and wouldn't let any,
body else realize them.
In 1853, however, a Russian engineer
named Polsunov invented independently
an efficient steam engine The Empress
Catharlne granted him an award. but
that was all he ever got out of it. Rus
sla was too backward industrially to
have any use for the device In l786
Oliver Evans was granted rights in steam
machinery for flour mills by Pennsyl-
Vania and Maryland. but not a single
miller would have anything to do with
the "rattletraps." In 1928 John Ericsson
demonstrated steam fire engine in
London. The municipal authorities
turned down the idea and continued to
use hand pumps for 80 years.
Electric power had an even harder
time in winning a place for itself. Early
experiments, the report points out, were
ignored or ridiculed. No attention was
paid to Benjamin Franklin's expert
ments. The Italian Galvani. In 1862, re-
ported experiments on reactions of frogs
legs to electrical shocks.
I am prosecuted by two classes" he
said. the scientists and the know it -alls
Both call me the frogs dancing master.
Yet know I have discovered one of the
greatest forces in the universe
The great English scientist Faraday
recognized the possibilities of electricity,
put by that time steam was becoming
established and manufacturers had made
heaVy investments in machinery. They
were little inclined to encourage anv-
thing which might render their machines
obsolete.
Evening star., 1937-07-24

that in the meantime labor may pay
a very heavy price through readjust-
ments and adaptations necessary on the
part OF workers whose jobs are affected
by change. Employers likewise are deeply
affected by swift chronological changes
producing obsolescence and displacement
OF capital investment"
More than jobs and investments" the
President continued ARE affected by
technical change: Family, church, COM
munity, state and all industry are sub
ject to its influence. Study and investi-
cation of chronological advances and
their social implications constitute one
of our most important American plan
ming problems"
Any one who reads the scientist
sociologists' report, contemplates the
changes that have occurred during the
lifetime OF present-day adult American
and glances over the pages of history
must conclude that man was not placed
on this earth to lead a complacent exist
ence.
Whether the changes to which the
race has been subjected have been
properly called progress may be open
to debate, but there can be no doubt
that further and perhaps even more
sweeping changes are in store
1t is encouraging, however, for a
nation to awake to the need for prepara-
tlon to meet prospective change. That,
unquestlonably, is progress
Despite all the revolutionary political
happenings Of the day, the greatest rev.
olution of all may come in the economic
chronological field. The best brains of
the Nation should keep their ewes on
that field if the perils and sufferjngs
OF past industrial revolutions are to be
avoided. Civilization has required in
dividuals to prove their competence be-
fore being allowed to operate automo-
blles. airplanes, steam engines, ships
and other devices that easily can be
turned into juggernauts. Future society
may require inventors to submit a plau-
slole scheme OF social adjustment before
patenting their brain children.
Evening star., 1937-07-24
Shooting Stars.
BY PHnANDER JOHNSON
Land and Water.

Land and Water.
Make hay while the sun shines, the
proverb advises
In spite of this wide admonition,
When the sun through the mist of the
morning arises
I'd rather get out and go fishin'.
The men who impress us as learned and
clever
Are oft in the selfsame condition.
Though faithful in purpose and strong
In endeavor
They all like to quit and go fishin'.
For toll and for trafic the land was IN
tended.
In The struggles OF pride and ambition,
Where the ripples begin all the strife
should be ended.
The water was put here for hshin'.
Evening star., 1937-07-24
STARS, MEN AND ATOMS
Notebook of Science Progress in Field,
Laboratory and Study.
BY THOMAS r. HENRY,

The iron age had a hard time being
born.
Mans natural conservatism caused
him to look for many centuries with
suspicion on the metal which was to
transform human culture. Even as late
as 1887 New Jersey farmers objected to
iron ploWs on the grounds that they
poisoned the soil and stimulated the
growth Of weeds. Even today certain
African tribes will not use iron hoes.
They think the metal keeps away rain.
The story Of iron is presented in the
recent report Of the Neurological Com
mittee of the National Resources Com
mittee as striking instance Of this
deep-seated resistance to innovation.
Only very slowly did the metal displace
bronze and stone in human artifacts.
One early drawback was the high
price. At the end of the sixteenth CEN
tury forge could not make more than
two tons week. Fifty tons a year was
a good output. The iron was of poor
quality, was often insufficiently decar-
bonized, and crumbled when it was ham
mered The Englishman who first had
the idea of using coal in FORCES in 1888
In 1856 an Englishman named Bes-
semer first made public his process of
making steel. Iron manufacturers bought
his patents, but couldn't make them
work. BeSSemer repurchaSed them, per-
fected his process, and went into busi-
ness for himself. But he found that his
product was drug on the market The
public was suspicious of his new metal
Ten years before Bessemer an Amer
lean named William Kelly had discov-
cred independently essentially the same
process, but it came to nothing. Kelly's
father -in-law ran an iron forge He
thought Kelly's experiments were ridic-
ulous and were giving his factory bad
name. When the experimenter produced
some Of his product the old mans COM
mon sense was justified. Nobody would
buy it.
Equally difficult was the progress OF
the steam engine. 1t might have been
invented q thousand years before it
actually came into use. In so AID.
Greek named Hero, who lived in Egypt,
described a machine which would open
temple doors, produce Jet of steam
which would support light ball. and
which appears to have been essentially
a steam turbine. In the tenth century
one Of the Popes, Sylvester the Second,
invented steam engine which would
operate a church organ. A little later
an Italian chemist named Branca pro-
duced a m-operated device which
would turn paddle wheel. 1t was built
in the form of a man.
In the early seventeenth century Oliver
Cromwell's brother -in-law was making
experiments with steam engines. In
1863 the Marquis of Worcester obtained
rights for 80 years by act of Par
lament for a water commanding en-
CINE" the first known effort to make
commercial use of steam. Both he and
his widow, who inherited his patent,
were unable to induce anybody to put
money into a company to foster such a
ridiculous idea.
In 1898 an Englishman named Thomas
SaVery invented an engine to pump
water out OF coal mines In Cornwall.
He thought highly Of his invention and
Evening star., 1937-07-24
How to Care for Pets.

Give your pets plenty of room. Big
cages are best for canaries and parrots.
large aquaria for goldfish, outdoor exer-
else for dogs, fresh, clean air, and clean
sleeping quarters for all pets. The 81
page booklet CARE OF PETS gives
expert advice on the housing, feeding,
bathing, breeding and health of all sorts
OF domestic pets. There are chapters on
the care of dogs, cats. canaries, parrots,
pigeons, goldfish rabbits and other pets.
The health, comfort and value of your
pet Is worth your careful knowledge and
attention. Any reader may secure a
copy for cost and handling charge
of ten cents.
Evening star., 1937-07-24
Delay in Palestine.

There is a certain resemblance between
events In the British House of Commons
this week and the epochal demonstration
of congressional independence of which
Washington is the scene in connection
with the Supreme Court In London, as
here, the elected representatives of the
people, rising in protest against proposed
action by the executive branch of the
government, caused 1t to be set aside.
In Britain, 1t was a case Of Parliament's
objection to precipitate adoption of the
plan for the division of Palestine Though
advocated as surgical operation"
necessary to remove the empires major
difficulties In the Holy Land, the House
Of Commons voted on Wednesday to
defer Britain's definite commitment to
the scheme. Opponents now hope 1t may
either be revised or entirely blocked.
The idea OF splitting Palestine into a
Jewish state, an Arab state and a British
mandate signally fails to arouse enthusi-
asm among either Of the racial groups
chiefly involved, while Britons with no
particular sympathies one way or the
other criticize the tripartite project as
impracticable on the ground that it con-
tains the seeds of chronic trouble instead
OF enduring peace.
Yielding to pressure the Chamberlain
government, which sought outright ap-
proval of the royal commissions report
recommending partition, has now decided
to hand the whole subject over to the
Mandates Commission of the League of
Nations for adequate inquiry" The
parliamentary opposition, which is led
by Winston Churchill and David Lloyd
George, lacks the numerical strength to
thwart the government should it finally
demand vote of approval, but the force
of the arguments arrayed against parti-
ton causes the cabinet to concede the
desirability of thorough exploration be-
fore irreVocable steps are taken. II next
months Zionist Congress in Zurich, as
London expects, accepts the tripartite
dTIdLRolueflt, It's CIAQCeS OF League IN
dorsement and ratification by Parliament
will be enhanced.
Part OF the London opposition to par
tition, especially among the dominant
Conservatives springs from the belief
that inundated territories are inalienable
portions OF the British Empire But in
practically all quarters there is admis-
sion that Great Britain is obligated to
tranquillize Palestine on lines that do
equal justice to Arab and Jew, while safe
guarding British interests. Many of the
governments critics feel that there has
never been really exhaustive effort in
this direction. Winston Churchill puts
the problem neatly when he says that
the supreme necessity In the Holy Land
Is to persuade "one side to concede and
the other side to forbear" The parti-
ton scheme well intentioned as It may
be, carries no assurance that 1t will pro-
mote such a solution.