davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1937-08-28

stood erect: he had q purposeful, but
curiously uncertain. gait He looked
beyond Rolker rather than directly
at him.
I'm slowly going blind" he told
the bureau director. I've got = wife
and four children; I've lost my job
and that's the story. guess. Have
you any answer? I've thought OF
just one. but that's such 4 spineless
way out"
I'll have some experts look you
over Rolker promised.
The experts said that little could
be done. But at Johns Hopkins Will
mer Clinic, young doctor said that
there were 1000 chances they we're
right; once chance that they were
wrong. He operated, and today the
mans eyesight Is almost as good as
ever. Through the bureau he found
job
Sometimes a mans brain has been
injured by idle years. He has reached
the point where he is afraid to apply
for job, and he needs-and gets
the attention Of psychiatrist.
Baltimores medical experts Coop
crate with the bureau. among them
the men at Johns Hopkins They re.
Gently patched up a 55-year-old client
who entered the hospital i'll with
hernia, and came out healthy and
ready for a job with an airplans
manufacturer.
|OcCUPAT1oNAL tment,
Rolker says, will be tried out ex-
tensively at the bureau. He considers
it the answer for q second type Of
jobless man. whose former employers
are justified in not rehiring him. A
new economic life must lie before
him at IS, rather than q futile ham.
mering at doors the years have closed.
Take prize flghting," the director
said. That's really young mans
job. There are some jobs IN indus.
try and business just as definitely re-
+ served for youth. For instance, we're
planning to make a hotel clerk out
of client who worked at a steel
mill near here, and couldn't keep up
the pace. He didn't dream he could
be clerk until he talked with US
and We dug up his latent capa abilities
The client can't always do this for
himself, and agencies are often IN.
| different"
Too, good many chances at .
job are lost through the applicants
poor appearance. A practical man.
Rolker a4serts There's q lot In tho
J Sec NEW JOBS. Pase B-S)
Evening star., 1937-08-28

Eve had one very sad occurrence
during this last session." he said, sin
the death of our distinguished leader,
Senator Robinson. That death sad
dened us all His fine character and
his strong personality will be missed
here for long time
Fortunately for the Nation in the
structure Of American Government
there are men who arise to take charge
OF such unhappy emergencies. AS
ma ajority leader Of the Senate. sue
ceeding Mr.. Robinson. Senator Bark
ley is receiving unanimous support
and obtaining most effective results.
I'm fact, it seems that this Con-
gress has been particularly fortunate
in the caliber of its presiding officers.
In the Senate We have Vice Presi-
dent as presiding officer who is a
skilled parliamentarian and whose di
rect action brings him wide popularity
Evening star., 1937-08-28


~ jobless man who. at 40-odd,
~ has descended into economic
4 a twilight.
Industry terms him "unemploy-
able" A group Of Washington per-
sonnel leaders does not agree. They
have heard of plan now functioning
in Baltimore for his aid, and after
investigation may seek to extend it
nationally. To that end they will
hold meeting here on September IS,
when Howard Bruce, nationally known
Baltimore banker, will address them
and explain the scheme.
1t is reputedly duplicated nowhere
else In the United States-a public
employment agency, just started in
Baltimore which co-operates with the
National Unemployment Service and
has for it's clients chiefly middle-aged
men, caught in the age gap between
As and IS. when they will become eligi-
BILE for old-age pensions. 1t pioneers
also in stressing occupational read
justment and in combining social
service work with job finding.
Oddly enough, since employer preju-
dice is at the root of the problem, this
agency was established by group OF
employers. Mr.. Bruce is its founder
and president, allied with Baltimore
industrial and business leaders.
Chief among the interested Wash
ington experts are members OF the
Foundation for Upholding the Ideals
and Rights of Americans Of Mature
Age-the newly formed "F. A. M. A.
The meeting, which will also be ad-
dressed by James Hepborn, director
Of Baltimore's Community Fund, was
suggested by the F. A. M. A. president
and founder, Agatha D. Ward. for
merly the District Of Columbia di-
rector of employment, Department Of
Labor.
THE F. A. M. A. Is not alone in its
interest. Although the Baltimore
agency has been functioning only
about a month, its officers have re.
ceived Communications from as fal
away as Mississippi and California
From New York City, the Nations,
Association of Manufacturers asked
for details and said that 1t may want
to duplicate the service in that city
This comedies with = current In
vestigation by joint New York legis-
lative committee into alleged prejudice
against employing persons over 40
A State survey will be made, and II
such discrimination exists. remedia
legislation Win be demanded State
Evening star., 1937-08-28
WORLD TRADE BATTLE is ON
America Faces Skfu Foes As Our "Troube Shooters 81
itals Employ Expert Market knowledge to Protect
Interests of American Producers.

that country, applying to his import
license office for permit to purchase
quantity Of American apples, for
instance, finds that his quota for
American apples has already been
filled. The importer, turned down,
carried his story to the American trade
commissioner or commercial attache.
This functionary listens to his story
and decides to see the quota official
to discover, if possible, some means
OF obtaining the necessary permit.
Amicable conversation leads, per-
haps, to the discovery that some other
importer has used little or none of
his quota for American apples, so it
is decided to permit the apples to
come in under the other mans allot-
ment.
A N AMERICAN exporter has an
- order for goods from a merchant
in country Y, which maintains a pref
erence for country A in the alloca-
ton OF foreign exchange for pay
ments abroad. There being de-
f1ciency OF exchange anyway, the
merchant in Y finds that he cannot
obtain the American dollars-or other
universally accepted currency-with
which to pay for his purchase, al
though he has plenty of fund in the
currency OF his own country. The
American exporter Immediately gets
in touch with the American trade
commissioner in Y by cable, to see
what he can do to get the necessary
exchange for his customer. Friendly
exploration of the subject with the
exchange ofdcial reveals, perhaps, an
unused balance Of exchange in some
Idle account. The merchant Of Y
gets his goods and the American
company gets its money.
Another country maintained a quota
system whereby permits were issued
with different valuations, according to
whether the goods were transported
or not in its merchant marine. II 80,
the valuation-and all quotas were
stated in terms Of value-was fob,
the lowest; II not the valuation was
c.i.f, the highest. Thus more goods
could be exported to that country in
its own ships than in American bot
toms. resulting In q discrimination
against the latter. The protest OF
the American shipping company to
the American trade official in that
country was carried to the quota ofiice
there, resulting in IN order favoring
this disparity.
Aid was given one New York rub
Der company whose business Ia one
European country was threatened With
Evening star., 1937-08-28
NEW JOBS FOR MEN OVER FORTY
Baltimore Idea, Supported by Business and Industry Gains Ma
dona Importance and Already Has Extended to Six
States-Read ustments Undertaken.
Senators and Assemblymen head the

Senators and Assemblymen head the
group.
The Baltimore agency is known as
the Community Placement Bureau. a
member agency of the Community
Fund. When Mr.. Bruce retired as
fund president last May, he said that
the most needless suffering he had
observed was that of experienced
capable "oldSters" out Of jobs and
pushed about" by youth.
The time has arrived" he said,
when We must kill this prejudice
against employing men over 45-there
are many men OF 55 and even older who
are doing splendid work. Many men
do not reach their maturity until IS or
over"
When he called together . group
Of representative business men they
upheld this viewpoint and supported
Mr.. Bruce in founding the agency.
Adequate reports on its progress are
not yet available. But in its short
term of existence it has already been
forced to move to larger quarters, is
handling about $50 cases day and is
receiving such inquiries as that from
an employer who said: Send me 20
men about so years of age. I'm not
taking them on out Of charity, but
because there may be something in
this idea Of experienced men you don't
have to break in" A millwork con-
Germ asked for skilled employees Of As
years or over. I'VE can use" officials
bench hands and machine hands who
have had previous experience in mill
work. We shall be glad to interview
any whom you recommend"
THE bureaus director Is Harry w.
Rolker. He says that other pub
lie agencies might perhaps do we'll to
follow its example in two respects at
least: First, interest In occupational
readjustment; second, the combina-
ton of case work with job-flnding.
The latter service, he says, seems
necessary because Of hidden factors
mitigating against employment. Most
of the bureaus clients are drawn from
relief rolls, 80 prior to their registra-
ton the agency formerly In charge
sends q confidential report OF their
records and needs. The bureau then
provides adequate disqualification,
housing and legal aid.
Health obstacles are most frequently
met Vith-the nemesis Of the middle
aged.
One afternoon. in the bureaus early
days, . man walked into Rolker's Of
ice. His clothes were shabby, but he
Evening star., 1937-08-28

II 1NDER the present Roosevelt
social betterment program I
would name the -Steagall
housing act as very important piece
OF legislation. One of the final acts OF
Congress in this session was the enact
ment of the tax loophole law. This
is OF national significance in the
financial world and is primarily de-
signed to prevent tax evasions in the
larger income brackets.
The first joint resolution Of the
session was in the interests Of neutral
ity This was to prevent this country
from becoming involved In the Span
ish conflict, and it forbade exporta-
ton of arms or munitions to the
combatants. Another similar law, al
though more general and far-reach-
ing in its effects, was also passed in
the interest of neutrality introduced
by Senator Pittman and known as
the Pittman act, this piece OF legis-
lation provided that no arms. am
munition or implements Of war be
supplied to foreign combatants. 1t
is expected this law will serve to keep
us free Of international entangle-
ments."
An important provision in connec-
ton is that which has come to be
known-though this is something Of
a misnomer-as the cash and carry"
clause. This part of the act does
not actually provide for payment on
the part of foreign nations Of goods
such as arms, ammunition or imple-
ments of war, shipped to belligerants,
but does make it necessary for title
to such goods to be vested in for
eign individual or nation before they
are placed on shipboard for trans
port All good destined for belligerant
nations, in other words must have
changed hands before shipment, SO
that II lost in transport the title
is not held by the United States.
A second important provision OF
this neutrality act was that which
prohibits American citizens from ira
Yelling on vessels Of belligerant ma
tlons-a clause resulting from the
tragedy Of the Lusitania, when SC
many American lives we're lost.
Secretary Halsey drew attention to
the emergency nature OF many OF
the laws passed during the Seventy
NTH Congress and stated that while
originally Of an emergency nature
they had proved 20. efIicacious that
they had been extended by Congress
for various periods, and that many
might eventually take their place upor
the statute books as permanent legis-
lation. Particularly he designated the
law establishing the Civilian Conser.
vation Corps and the Connally petrol.
cum conservation bill, the first de.
signed to protect our forests and the
second to protect natural oil resources
There are others of similar nature, ht
pointed out.
In my estimation" Col. Halsey con.
tinued, "the enactments under the
Roosevelt administration will prove o1
long-standing benefit to the entire
Nation. Such provisions as the guar.
antee Of bank deposits and other fea.
lures under the. Glass banking act
have done inestimable good through.
out tbs country. Because Of them
the entire banking structure has been
Evening star., 1937-08-28
By CreSt0u B. Mullins.
YNClE SAM is abroad lust now

NCLE SAM is abroad just now,
sample case in one hand and
order book in the other, ex-
panding the frontiers Of his
trade and playing game in which
there are no rules.
It is three e-cornered battle with
the odds against him, for even if he
outplays his competitor he must still
overcome the obstacles created for
him by the referee If he succeeds
In nosing out British preferentialists.
Nazi barterers, and Japanese hawkers,
he has yet to overcome the antipathy
OF foreign governments to delivery Of
his goods to his customer His sales
man can do a good Job of selling if
he can deliver.
This is the job OF his 100 or more
expert trouble shooters" men and
women in "a world capitals, who COM
pose the Foreign Commerce Service
OF the Bureau of Foreign and Do
mestic Commerce: to break down the
barriers against American, commerce
IN Europe, Latin America, the Far
East, and Africa, and to smooth the
way for American goods against the
petty harassments, the manifest
inequities OF highly complex sys-
TENS of import restriction.
TMPEDIMENTS to American COM
merce by no means consist merely
OF oficial obstacles such as quota
systems and exchange controls
which too often prevent payment for
purchases-but are frequently sup
plemented by deliberate Instructions
erected by hostile government func-
tionaries with special interest to
protect. Tales Of such chicanery are
frequent in the confidential reports to
the heads Of the foreign service: DR..
Alexander Dye. chief of the Bureau
OF Foreign and Domestic Commerce,
and Larry Groves, chief OF the Once
Of Foreign Commerce Service.
The manipulations of Americas
trade trouble shooters" are legion
The means by which they clear the
path for the products of American in
dustry and labor into every land are
derived from numerous personal
friendships and from the informal
nature Of their dealings Here are
only few examples of the dollar and
cents value Of their work:
Country x maintains system OF
import quotas under which the United
States Is allotted fixed portion Of the
importation Of certain commodity
during any one year. An importer Of
Evening star., 1937-08-28
By Lucy Salamanca.

n VOW that the clouds have
N cleared away from the Capt.
tol dome and a great calm
4 has descended upon the Hill,
while Senators and Representa- tives
pack trunks and look up timeta bles
for the exodus that follows upon ad-
1ournment of Congress, the Nation
settles into its easv-chair with the
avowed intent of taking a backward
glance at what has been accomplished
in the matter Of national legislation
during an historic congressional
session.
AS secretary of the United States
Senate, Edwin A. Halsey is perhaps
the logical reviewer, having been on
hand from the first conversational be-
ginnings of each separate piece of
legislation to its final enactment into
law, and his secretarial suite having
been the backstage setting, so to
speak, for those personalities and
informal discussions that have con-
tributed to the general legislative pic
ture during this and other sessions.
Secretary Halsey, too, by reason of
his position, has had an excellent op-
portunity to see the session in a per-
spective hardly achieved by those
legislators who have personal interests
IN this or that bill or whose view
points have been concentrated upon
particular phases Of national legisla-
ton. His is a simple review of the
facts, a statement of actual accom-
plishments. Those accomplishments,
he believes it is obvious, have been
diverse and many.
">HE calendar of the Senate" Col.
Halsey stated to this interviewer,
will show the enactment Of many i'm
portant and beneficial laws for the
session just closed. The session may
have marked time while the Judiciary
Committee was preparing the bill on
the Supreme Court, but close re-
view of legislation passed shows a
commendable list.
Public law No |. for instance,
deals with extending the time within
which powers relating to the stabili-
cation fund and alteration of the
weight Of the dollar may be exercised.
Law No. was to continue the func-
tlons OF the Reconstruction Finance
Evening star., 1937-08-28

(see CONGRESS. Page B-s)
Evening star., 1937-08-28

n VOW that the clouds have
cleared away from the Capt.
" tol dome and a great calm
has descended upon the Hill, !
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1937-11-12
q. FRIDAY, NOVEMBER

done it may be by good man with
the best of intentions. But the prece-
dent is established, and in future
years that precedent will be used by
the demagogue and the rascal to
perform his tricks and to fool the
people"
Senator La Toilette, who introduced
the Senate resolution adopted while
President Coolidge was in the White
House, declared that popular feeling
against third term sis not based
upon an idle fear"
Power and Prestige Greater.
1.-THE power and prestige of the
Chief Executive have grown continu-
ously since the foundation of our
Government" he said in the Senate.
1.-The President of the United States
is the most powerful individual in
the world. Establishment of the
precedent that one man may con-
tinue to WELD this power for more
than eight years would mark def
mite step toward the abrogation of
popular government.
"Once the precedent has been
broken it will be difficult if not i'm
possible to prevent reelection for
IL, for 16 and perhaps for 20 years.
II believe that the Senate will by
a substantial majority place itself on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1937-11-12

are in conflict with the position taken
by leading Senators on the third term.
term.
During the last session Gov. Earle
launched the movement for renomi-
nation of the President. There are
many leaders of intelligence and hon.
esty in the Democratic party" Gov.
Earle said. There are, however, no
men in the Democratic party who
reach knee high in stature, mentally
and morally, to Franklin D. Roose-
welt. Between the third-term prece-
dent and the welfare of the country
can any patriotic citizen hesitate as
to which course he will take? l am
for franklin D. Roosevelt for Presi-
dent in 1910 unqualifiedly and finally"
Alfred for Third Term.
Gov Alfred of Texas visited the
United States Embassy in Mexico
City in August and gave out an
interview declaring that Texas voters
ARE overwhelmingly behind Presi-
dent Roosevelt if he wishes to run
for a third term
IF the President is available for
third term and wants it, am for
him." Gov Alfred said.
Gov Murphy has responded to in
quiries with the statement that the
President is stronger than ever" and
that there is IAN appreciate senti-
ment for a third term"
dO,,;t L,,out upu rooco,, ,.,l,1, 7
should be candidate" Gov. Murphy
said 1T is too early to predict just
who will lead the progressive forces.
But it may be that the country's
needs by 1910 will make it essential
that Mr.. Roosevelt be a candidate
| again"
Among other governors interviewed
on the question, Gov. Quinn of Rhode
Island is opposed to a third term,
and Gov. Nice of Maryland is doubt
full that the President will be a cam
didate Gov. Benson of Minnesota,
Farmer-Labor, has joined with Demo-
cratic governors indorsing the Presi-
dent for reelection.
Two other Senators on record
against third term, the veteran Nor
riS of Nebraska. independent, and La
Toilette of Wisconsin, Progressive.
both strong supporters of the Roose-
welt administration, took a leading part
in the fight on the Senate floor for
the resolution adopted in 1928 Neither
Senator has joined in the Endorsement
of Mr.. Roosevelt or expressed change
of view on the third-term issue.
Norris Quoted.
my reason for supporting this
resolution" Senator Norris said on
the floor, lis one that has no parti-
sanship in it and is without any re-
gard whatever to any man or to any
President.
If it were the fact that he was
my closest, personal, confidential
friend, would still feel that should
vote on this question, as we'll as on
any other, without regard to his
| wishes.
I'm my judgment, should our pres
ent partisan political conditions con-
tinue, if the President of the United
States were allowed to renominate
himself, as he could, it would mean
ultimately the establishment in this
country of a monarchy upon the
ruins of our republican form of gov
eminent"
The acceptable record of the adj
ministration in power, Senator Nor
ris said. lis no argument why We
should not prevent, if we can, Presi-
dents from being reelected to
third term. The first time wrong is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1937-11-12

an influential group of Democrats
takes issue with this view, predicting
conditions may force the renomina-
ton of Mr.. Roosevelt in 1910.
Postmaster General Farley, who will
call the 1910 convention to order
as chairman of the National Commit
tee, has freely discussed the posi-
bility of the Presidents candidacy in
recent interviews and speeches, de-
claring that Mr. Roosevelt alone can
decide the question.
If the President is renominated in
1910, Mr. Farley said at Spokane,
Wash, on his Western tour, October
Is. 'he will carry all 48 States, in
Guiding Maine and Vermont"
Senator Wheeler Opposed.
Senator Wheeler, who led the fight
against the Presidents Supreme Court
bill at the last session, would actively
oppose his denomination for third
term, it was learned today.
"In century and a half no Presi-
dent has been a candidate for a
third term while in Office" Senator
Wheeler said. "A departure from the
rule against third term would, in
my opinion, present an issue not
unlike the proposal made at the last
session for sweeping alteration in
the traditional function and role of
the Supreme Court At time when
democracy is on trial and has yielded
elsewhere to governments of unlimited
tenure, the tradition against a third
term ought not to be broken down.
would oppose any man for renomi-
nation and reelection for third
term"
In an interview during the recess
of Congress Senator Borah predicted
the Senate would approve an anti
third term resolution if it came to
a vote in the form adopted by a
two-to-one majority under the Cool
idge administration.
L have not changed my mind"
the Senator said, referring to the
position he took in urging the Sem
ate to uphold the tradition against
a third term.
Under all ordinary circumstances
the principle of the anti-third term
policy" Senator Borah said in the
Senate, ought to prevail in our ma
tional affairs. I would not write it
into the Constitution. I would leave
it where it is. but, generally speak
ing, / believe it is wise tradition"
Would Help Mold Opinion.
1.-THE adoption of the resolution"
the Senator declared, would not have
the force and effect of law. 1t would
be simply an expression of the Senate
that would help to mold public opin-
ion and buttreSs the third-term tradi-
ton and more thoroughly establish it.
so far as the Democrats are con-
cerned, they would be strikingly in
consistent if they would not vote for
this resolution. 1t is a Democratic
doctrine-it originated with Thomas
Jefferson. I cannot conceive of a
Democrat voting against the resolu-
ton if he believes in the principle
which has been one of the cardinal
principles of the Democratic party
for the last hundred years.
This has come to be also a Re-
publican principle. When we come
down to the time of Grant and to
the campaign of 1912, the great Re-
publican leaders were fighting the
third term, and it was regarded as
a sound Republican principle"
While no member of the Senate has
yet Endorsed President Roosevelt for
reelection, number of Democratic
Governors in important States today