davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1937-03-16

| all parts of the country, has as much
meaning as President RooSeVelt's pro-
posal to alter the Supreme Court. The
two are equally far-reaching and are
| related.
The revolutionary quality Of the sit
down strike lies in its relation TO the
right Of private ownership of property.
When employees remain in shop
against the will of the owner, they Of
course pass into the status of tres
passers AS such they are subject
to eviction the process is one of the
| most familiar in the law. Courts, in
all cases brought before them, have
passes. Governors Of States have
| varied in their attitudes.
The beginning of the sit-doWn strike
in an important sense, the strike that
probably will be the key case in any
future history, was the one in the
plant OF General Motors at Flint,
Mich, some weeks ago. There the
court lived up to its obligation COM
pletely. Upon application by the
owner Of the shops, General Motors,
the court issued the usual warrant
of eviction and ordered the sheriff to
serve it. The sheriff read the war
rant to the Sit-downers and was
"booed" by them. AT the same time
the sit-doWnerS sent a telegram TO the
Governor of the State, Frank Murphy,
declaring that they would not obey the
courts order of eviction. Also, at the
moment the eviction proceedings were
being heard in court, the sit-doWners
extended their occupancy into an
additional shop Of the same owner.
The sit-downers were clearly defiant
of the court.
Two Courses Open.
The sheriff, obviously not able to
personally evict several hundred sit
doWners, could have followed either of
two courses. CAT least, this is the pro-
cedure in most States; I assume it
holds in Michigan) The sheriff could
swear in as many deputies as he felt
he needed, or he could apply 10 the
Governor for the necessary help. He
chose the latter course Gov. Muir
ply, according to newspaper reports,
sent no reply. Instead. he called a
conference of heads of General Motors
and of heads of the striking union.
Gov. Murphy SAID he did this in ac-
cord with the wish of President Roose-
welt After several days of confer
ence, the owners and strikers reached
an agreement. Thereupon the sit
doWners evacuated the shops volun-
tarily.
BY this outcome, the sit-downers in
effect won the strike, and won it by
means OF the sit-doWn. 1t does not
matter that they did not win every
thing they had contended for. So far
as they won any concession at all,
they won it at the price of ceaSing
the sit-doWn. To express it in a diff
ferent way, General Motors paid a
price, kind of ransom, for the return
Of the property to its owners.
II this Flint case gets standing as a
precedent, then something new will
have been introduced into American
usage. The new thing includes far
Evening star., 1937-03-16

to bring on the eighteenth amendment
and it was an alliance between boot
leggers and the politicians that pro-
duced conditions which helped to re-
peal the eighteenth amendment and
force the adoption of the twenty-frst
amendment Most Of the distillers now
engaged in the legitimate industry
are anxious to abide by whatever regu-
lationS are prescribed but they recog-
nize that in various States they are
being held up in various ways by ef-
forts to put through legislation harm
full to their increased sales.
There are other instances in which
industries and businesses have looked
toward men prominent in the New
Deal to aid them in Strengthening out
tangles with government. Heretofore
If commission or bureau in the
executive department of government
appeared to be taking an arbitrary or
one-sided action, or if Congress, at the
hehest of special interests, passed a
law haraSsing business, the tendency
was to look to the courts Of law for
justice.
There will be little occasion to wait
for the judgments of New Deal Su-
preme Court. Big business and little
business, through its trade associa-
tions, will seek in more direct fashion
Evening star., 1937-03-16

ooo Year, support
committees established Minimum
prices to be fixed necessary prices code eab-
Shg unfair methods of competition
"
lhe thing LETT the
out there trick that. The price firing
OASIS OF mining costs plus
tadt
computing costs. That all John Lewts uiUn
the consumer be
tected by consumers will get
Sloo00
be mainly that of obng publicly reporting Congress
The wording entirely
authors but also of former Attorney John Dickinson
lie d the old CuHe case before the
head has announced his belief that the bill
stiuonal objections
The probably for another year or
Evening star., 1937-03-16

repacklng
While
his complete ability legislation
prices
Only all Washington supposed the
authority OF Government and
lately doubts
Hefn bestsoyeler
Congress Now Senate cloak hbues
Senator Bachman
there perhaps which aren't,
Seven distinct obbes operating here connection
with the bill
(Copyrs
Evening star., 1937-03-16

has decided that
the sit-doWn is
illegal, and that
I h e sit-doWners
m uSt leave the
p n is. What
happens fro m
now on will be
significant. The
ultimate outcome
will have much
W e | & h t O n
whether Lne Slt-
down is to secure
an accepted sta
tus in America.
The sit as
4 phenomenon in
Evening star., 1937-03-16
News Behind the News
Guffey-Vinson Coal Bill Is Held Model for
New N. R. A,
BY PAUL MALLON,

ME- noticed ouneyV coal bill supposed to contain
hidden key e President Roosevelts N A. revival
passed the House last without
\ The debate largely Leaders in
q record
Nevertheless those who know than they
administration plans believe the is likely
Tor the
Such suspicion is bolseed by the
Lewis setting
has not been announced but he also has rubber
next break His ally Sidney Hnman
The speed with which they
a
industries along
Evening star., 1937-03-16

Tt0IUoh0 O4I UIIt 5upltHlt CUufL
reforms - liberals have always
fought each other over the means
even when they agree on the ends
OF political reform.
What has given them their
only strength is their ability to
recognize their common enemies.
When Senator Wheeler referred to
Two liberal newspapers" which op-
posed the Presidents plan he
showed that he could no longer
Evening star., 1937-03-16

of Labor, spon-
sored by Senator
Borah.
The Children's
Bureau has had
only three chiefs.
Katherine Lem
root Is its third.
She came from
Wisconsin TO be
special agent in
the Social Serv-
Ice DIVISION in
1915 and in 1884
b e C a m e chief.
D a u g h t er of
Judge Irvine L.
Jat,rcot 20 c.,
Evening star., 1937-03-16
BY MARK SULLIVAN,

1HOSE who look beneath the
surface to identify the mo-
mentous change now being at
tempted in America will watch
for Landmark in the outcome of the
Shutdown" strike in the Chrysler
plants at Detroit. The Detroit court
Evening star., 1937-03-16

ecoge I'M, enemy even when he the whites
particular
ana ananooned their traditional Democratic policy support
Gov Iandon for the presidency
1hey USED TO be
De young
n"spapermen
ooth year and has already activity into
Ie not
Evening star., 1937-03-16

perior, Wis, Representative and Sen
, ator in Congress for 18 years, Miss
Lenroot can logically trace her public
spirit to home influence, from which,
theoretically, all blessings flow"
graduate of the University of Wis
conSin, specializing in sociology and
economics, Miss Lenroot was quickly
absorbed in industrial and welfare
| problems through the Wisconsin State
Industrial Commission.
AS member of the Advisory Com
| mittee for Social Justice, League of
Nations, and of the Pan American
| conferences, Miss Lenroot has ad-
vanced the childrens cause in other
nations.
16,000,0 900 Pamphlets.
Primarily the Children's Bureau was
created to investigate and report facts
about children in cooperation with
State agencies. Facts so collected and
interpreted through the medium Of
trained workers have been the basis
for 100000 pamphlets published
during the last 10 years. They cover
almost everything imaginable about
babies, adolescence and motherhood.
In serried ranks the publications cover
the wall like so many time tables in
station. The Infant Care" PAM
phlet is called Uncle Sans best
seller" 1t is the Nations child
raising Bible
Duties Increase
Now that the Childrens Bureau is
administering eight million of Federal
funds through the social security act
Of 1885, Miss Lenroot says that the
duties are vastly magnified. This
money is used TO improve maternal
and child health, TO provide medical
care of crippled children and rural
child welfare. The scope of this pre-
vention, correction and development
helps overcome juvenile delinquency
Of 100000 boys and girls a year, in
FAINT deaths OF 100000 and more
deaths in childbirth than in any
civilized country.
The seeds of delinquency are sown
in early life, due 10 home, school and
| community conditions" Miss LenrooJ
says In the role of intelligent and
interested co-Operator," the bureau
has available help for the 45,0000O0
babies, children and young people
under l8 that live in this country.
Copyright, 1872
Evening star., 1937-03-16

Two, II then. II IS certain to pass
the Senate soon, but any one who
wants to sue will have to wait
until he suffers some damages. If
time and tide do not change the
Supreme Court before the bill gets
to it, certainly Mr.. Roosevelt will
be more disappointed than he
is now.
In view of all these consid-
eratlonS, many q congressional
friend of Mr.. r. doubts that he
Evening star., 1937-03-16
An American
Should
Know
Katherine Lenroot Has
Job of Mothering an
Entire Nation.
BY DELLA PYNCHON,

4 CITATION for child conserva-
~ ton through the long arm Of
~ the Federal Government began
- in 1905. Six years later it
eliminated in the creation of the
Children's Bureau in the Department
Evening star., 1937-03-16

open up in WASH
ington if the Con-
gress should
adopt President
Roosevelt's plan
to add six justices
who will refuse to
override acts of
Congress.
Mr.. RooSeVelt'S S
exact words for
mally admitting
that he wants to
pack" the the
Supreme Court
were.
Il will appoint
judges who will
Evening star., 1937-03-16

at. Then l read 1t, the other fellow
read it, and if it seemed to mean
what we had already decided to
do, we signed it and forgot about it.
L guess most laymen think
OF the law pretty much as I did
before l came down here. But
here-good Lord!-you never know
where you are. The courts and
lawyers mess things up so that you
can't go ahead with the simplest
and most reasonable tbirur rTrl,o,,
Evening star., 1937-03-16

the lines Of the coal bill, Mr..
Roosevelt would have practically a
new N. R. A., without packing the
Supreme Court or rewriting the
Constitution.
This Guffey-Vinson bill goes
the whole way of the N. R. A. for
the coal industry. 1t creates ma
tlonal bituminous coal commission
within the Government, and puts
a sales tax of one-half of l per
cent on coal (raising about $4,000
Evening star., 1937-03-16

opinions OF the 0ritcr this page their oon not
necessarily The Stars opinions are presented IN
The Stars effort gve sides OF questions OF interest to II.
readers although such opinions nuau be contradictory aono
themselves and directly opposed to The Stars
Evening star., 1937-03-16
Smoking Cars Painted Red.

In Berlin's electric subway cars for
smokers are red and non-smoking
cars are painted yellow.
Evening star., 1937-03-16

s51 NERHAPS I oVersmpHy The suaton'
- The speaker young MdWestern business who
had been called to Washington
position
with conservative background
thought reformers OF 1893 asknucked
mad asked him for his opinion the Presidents
Court
perhaps ouersimpHy" he repeated. "A
to time in human history particular
out OF line th the rest Of the At iary
another the Priesthood recerhe
Today 1t is the aWys And whenever this happens
the people Just reach
Vere doing nop."
rake case" the official continued.
personal affairs that
or was sued Perhaps lucky but
courts In my business the only had for
put IN nnal form agreements which fair and acceptable
ana people with whom dealt Sometimes
couldn't certain thing
whole
Evening star., 1937-03-16
Trials Furnish Plots.

Many playwrights have found
themes for good plays in the reports
OF cases in the law courts.
Evening star., 1937-03-16
PalmyDayson
Horizon for
"Fixers"
Business May Be Forced
to Avoid Courts and
Hire Politicians.
BY DAVID LAWRENCE.

! OPTICIANS, lobbyists, political
lawyers and prospective candi-
dates for big Jobs as liaison ex-
ecutiveS between industry and
Evening star., 1937-03-16

Government are rubbing their palms,
figuratively speaking, in anticipation
of the new era which they expect will
Evening star., 1937-03-16
We, the People
Legal Profession Undergoing "Devaluation' in
Revolt of Public Against Lawyers.
BY JAY FRANKLIN

SSTERHAPS oversimplfy the situation"
- The speaker a young MidWests
Evening star., 1937-05-01
But It's a Mission of Adulation, Not of Con-
quest, as Anglophiles Go by the Thou
sands to Glimpse Coronation.

to supervise the 36 temporary employees
added to the IS permanent ones in the
section, since clerks experienced in
passport routine are few and far be-
tween. Desks have overflowed from
the 81 passport Offices to the end OF
the first-floor hall in the State, War
and Navy Building.
Usually the peak of the passport
issuance season is not reached until
the first two weeks in June. In March
1851 passports were issued and re-
newals granted, an increase of 87.7
per cent over the same month last
year. Receipts for the past nine
months exceed the same period of last
season by $204,OOO.
In 1887 the passport and renewal
total will be around 10000, Mrs Ship
ley estimates, in contrast to 141 1896 for
1896. This figure Is about the same
as those for 1925 and 1925, in the
midst Of the boom rush to Europe,
although 1t is not expected to equal
or surpass the all-time high of 1880
(before people were paying any mind
to the Fall stock events of 1929, when
100000 Americans received passports
for foreign travel
The passport agency in New York
reports that $4,000 persons were inter-
viewed there about passports in March
and that 1t Is thought the April figure
will hit $1,000, Mrs. Shipley says.
Twelve employees took care Of those
$4,000, but rs others are badly needed,
she points out.
The business Of issuing passports Is
an amusing and sometimes heart
Evening star., 1937-05-01

~ RESPECTS of catching q
- glimpse of the same jewel
incrusted crown the founders
L of the United States once re-
jected with the aid of the Atlantic
Ocean and gunpowder are today keep
ing more than 100 permanent and
emergency employees of the State
Departments Division of Passports
working nights.
The coronation rush for passports
and renewals far exceeds early esti-
mates made by the division and steam
ship lines, according to Mrs. Ruth B.
Shipley, chief of the division since
1923. Mail sacks filled with applica-
tions are heavier than they have been
since before the market crash, she de-
clares
Despite the feeling Of century and
halt ago about allegiance to George
III, that portion of Great Britain's
ex-colony with the passage price is
eager to view the pomp connected with
crowning the charming and reserved
George VI and his Queen. Descend
ants of those who threw the Boston
tea party are among the gay swarms
of visitors drinking English tea in
busy London shops this Maytime.
At the moment, those who can still
find room on trans Atlantic ships are
making last-minute requests for pass
ports by wire from agencies in San
Francisco, Boston and New York, Mrs.
Shipley says.
Six foreign service officers have been
temporarily detailed to her division
Evening star., 1937-05-01
By VeSta CUMMINGS.

- RESPECTS of catching
- glimpse of the same jewel
incrusted crown the founders
of the United States once re-
Evening star., 1937-05-01

the 'land Of nom de plume" in the
passport division, since so many cinema
folk applying for passports give two
names, one real and the other pro-
fessional, added in parenthesis, unless
the name with which the applicant was
born has been changed by court order.
Clerks of $500 Federal and State
Courts are authorized to receive pass
port requests, all of which must be
cleared through Washington. The pass
port division has, in addition, two
agencies in New York and one in Bos-
ton, Chicago and San Francisco. The
New York Offices, with IL permanent
employees, have been faced with watt
ing lines for weeks, and Mrs. Shipley
has asked the House Appropriations
Committee for deficiency appropria-
ton to cover the salaries of additional
help badly needed both there and
here, primarily because of the corona
ton.
although we are frantically busy
here, we are not as badly off as New
York." Mrs. Shipley said. I'VE deal
primarily with mail, and can work at
night to catch up. In New York they
are faced with waiting people"
Ordinarily the lowest point of the
year in passport requests is around
Christmas. rising steadily until the
high point in June, with brief in
terruption around the 1st Of May.
A per cent annual increase can be
counted on during periods Of prosper
ity. Because Of the coronation, no May
drop Is occurring this year.
Evening star., 1937-05-01
Uneasy as May Be the Head That Wears
the Crown, Passport Rush Makes State
Department Heads Uneasier.

pRIOR to the World War very few
countries required passports for
entry, Mrs. Shipley says, but now you
can go almost no place without one.
In 1910, for example, only 23,977
passports and renewals were granted.
Passports, for the benefit of those of
us who stay at home and don't know
about such things, are good for only
two years, and then must be renewed.
Perennial travellers renew their pass
ports as soon as the date expires, Mrs
Shipley says, whether they are going
any place or not They want to be
all set whenever they take a notion
to board vessel.
Getting passport, If you live in
Washington, only takes about 10 or Is
minutes at the State, War and Navy
Building, If you possess documentary
proof of your citizenship. But lots Of
persons find it difficult to prove they
were born in the United States, espe-
cially older persons whose parents are
no longer living to swear to the facts.
Birth certificates seem to be COM
paratively recent in many sections Of
the United States. Lacking one, bep-
tismal papers will do if you were bap-
tized as an infant. Land records in
the old Indian Territory are often used
to establish citizenship. Or friends Of
deceased parents may swear before q
notary that they were about when you
were born. School and college records
have assisted many in obtaining poss-
ports and World War veterans may
always resort to service records.
The Los Angeles area Is known as
Evening star., 1937-05-01
BUREAUCRACY TENDS BABIES
Child Health Day Focuses Attention 25 Years of Work lust
Completed by y. S. Childrens Bureau-New Born Now
Have Double the Chance to Survive

over breakfast coffee with Mrs. Flor
ence Kelly at New York's Henry street
settlement. Mail was heavy with
pleas for milk and medicine for my
sick baby" Mrs. Wald's harassed eye
fell on the morning papers announce
ment Of special cabinet meeting to
discuss the boll-Weevil threat. Her
indignation banished further thought
Of breakfast No problem of the need
lest children had ever evoked a spe-
cial cabinet meeting. Surely it seemed
that the Government considered bugs
and cotton more important than fu-
ture citizens. Mrs. Wald and Mrs.
Kelly evolved the hope that some day
Federal bureau would be as eager
to safeguard our crop of children as
our farm products and mailed the
suggestion to the President forthwith.
Theodore Roosevelt Immediately
wired back: Its bully idea. Come
to Washington and let's see"
NEXT morning Mrs. Kelly was at
the White House explaining her
hope. Interest in national childrenS
agency spread rapidly. The first White
House childrens conference recon-
mended it to Congress in 1909 Sena-
tor Boran's bill creating the Children's
Bureau became law on April 9, 1912.
The new agency was ito investigate
ing to the welfare of children" To
begin this Herculean task the gallant
Julia Lathrop came from Jane
Adams famous Chicago Hull House
A no-man's land confronted her. We
didn't even know accurately the num-
Der of babies born each year, how
many died, or why. Cemeteries were
filled with tiny gravestones and it was
guessed that about 100000 babies died
annually. Miss Lathrop Immediately
undertook a birth registration cam
paign. Within few years there were
complete birth records in most States.
The first national attempt to find
out why babies die was made in 1918.
Children's Bureau experts studied
every baby born during a selected year
in representative cities They visited
about $4,000 infants, rich, poor, white
and colored in slums, novels and luxu-
rlous nurseries. When Investigators
finished the bureau knew why babies
die and that most could be saved.
High mortality was coincident with
low incomes, poor housing, large fam
lilies, improper feeding and unsani-
tary conditions. Further study revealed
that nearly half the deaths of women
in connection with childbirth could
have been prevented by proper care.
Pleas for advice flooded tn bureaus
mailboxes and stimulated it to try to
Evening star., 1937-05-01

stay at home more than one might
think, only 1892 having gone abroad
last calendar year, in comparison to
1870 housewives.
To see the world, apparently, out
side of being housewife or being COM
pletely idle, one should take up the
professions of clerk-secretary, engi-
neering or skilled labor. Last season
1903 persons who called themselves
skilled laborers received passports,
more than three times as many labor
ers as bankers.
Only 1,548 buyers got across in 1896,
whereas more than 1000 secretaries
needed passports. Servants numbered
more than 5000. Only ITO persons
who admitted being writer's asked for
passports. Druggists scarcely get about
at all, for reasons the Passport Di-
vision cannot imagine. They are the
least numerous of all ooccupational
classiflcations, with only 270 leaving
America last season.
Persons whose occupation is re-
ligion seem to travel more than actors,
strangely enough. Only GIL actors
received passports in 1886, while 2,783
persons in religious callings left
America.
Object Of travel was called travel
by half Of 1855 travellers, while the
next largest classification, numbering
46,546 is called family affairs" That
left only about 10000 persons who Wis
tied foreign lands for health, educa-
ton, business, jobs and scientific and
missionary pursuits.
Western Europe received the bulk
Of American travellers, around 5,000
or 81 per cent, stating it was their
intention to visit that part Of the
globe. Eastern Europe was the des-
tination Of around 10000, while the
Near East, Far East, Latin America
Uncluding the West Indies and Mex
ico), Africa and Australia followed II,
the order named
Evening star., 1937-05-01

to every parent. More than 100000
of its best sellers" on prenatal, in
FAINT and child care have been dis
tributed since that time Each days
mail brings over 1000 queries to its
experts.
RULG1NG files tell how the gospel
Of healthy motherhood and child
hood has been sent to slums, mountain
cabins and Western sheep lands
There are letters from all States,
Alaska and even South Africa, writ
ten on everything from scraps of
wrapping paper to scented violet sta
tionery; letters in dialect, misspelled
and scarcely legible; typed English
gems from professors, formal epistleS;
chatty, grateful and pathetic notes.
Some ask about infantry" pre-
navel care" and infant immortality"
Others learnedly specify pediatric
problems.
We find one bright pink envelope.
please" it requests in a childish
hand, "can you send your book, In
FAINT Care, in Greek? We can read
American, but our mothers cannot.
We will be very pleased if you send
us Greek book so they can read it
their own selfs."
A native girl writes from the Philip
pines: Il feel duty bound to prepare
myself for this most important stage
OF life. I beg your kindness to send
me information on expectant moth
ers."
In yellowed little note Kathryn"
begs Uncle Sam" to please send me
baby brother whenever you have
any in" With implicit faith a Vir-
ginian seeks the truth about babies
and other things, too-you know
what I mean"