davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1937-02-14
VIEWS OF SUPREME COURT
CHANGED ONLY BY GRANT
A1terine of Personnel i'm All Other Cases
Futile or Attended by Backfire,
Records Disclose.

pened to Jefferson's predecessor. Presi-
dent John Adams. To prevent the
incoming Jefferson from filling va
cancy. Congress reduced the number
of justices from the original 6 to S
Just before Adams left office.
The political jockeying did no good
when the Adams followers tried to put
it to use. The court refused to force
Jefferson to keep Adams appointees
in Office.
So it went through history.
President Jackson named fellow
Democrats to the court, only to have
them decide against him in States
rights controversy between the State
Of Georgia and the Federal Govern
ment and again in the Spanish land
claim cases.
Appointees of Jackson and his sue
cessor, Van Buren, issued a manda-
mus against Jackson's Postmaster
General in some postal contract claims
that were very embarrassing.
That the court could not be divided
by political considerations was DEM
onstrated further in the slavery cases
that preceded the Civil War.
The Federal Governments exclusive
power over fugitive slaves was de-
clared by majority made up of State
rights Democrats.
Decisions on Slavery.
Judges who opposed slavery and
those who favored it voted together
on every slavery decision.
President Lincoln was bitter against
the court for its decisions against ar
rests made by his military. But the
five Republicans he appointed to I'LL
vacancies annuled his reconstruction
plans in the South and killed his legal
tender legislation.
This brought on one of the storm
lest periods in the courts history
Proposals were made that the court be
"swamped by thorough reorganiza-
tion and increased number Of judges" "
The House passed bill requiring two
thirds concurrence in decisions on the
Constitution, but it died In the Sem
ate. The courts jurisdiction under a
comparatively new habeas corpus law
was taken away completely in a bill
which was passed over President john
sons veto. Ironically, the court up
held this emasculation of its power.
1t was this situation that led up
| to President Grants unique success.
Because johnson sided with the court
! johnson was put on trial for i'm
peachment. but won the case. To
prevent johnson from making an
appointment, Congress reduced the
number of justices in 1866 and in
creased them again when Grant was
President.
In more recent history the trend
has been the same.
Strictly Partisan Vote.
Between 1929 and 1910 there was
only one decision on the constitu-
tionality of an act on which the Re-
publican justices voted one way and
the Democrats another.
Two of President Wilson's appoint
ees, Brandeis and McReynolds. voted
against Wilson in case involving re-
moval of an Oregon postmaster.
On the present court Justice Stone.
Republican-anda corporation law
yer-named by President Coolidge, has
voted for more often than against
Democratic New Deal legislation
which industry has opposed. And two
Observation-Disclosures and Butler
have voted against more often than
] for the New Deal.
Evening star., 1937-02-14

States history succeeded in
changing the views OF the
~ Supreme Court by changing
tts personnel.
All other Attempts failed, and most
Of them backfired.
The one exception was President
Ulysses s. Grant.
Grant nominated two justices Feb
fuary 7, 1870, the same day the Su-
preme Court declared paper money
unconstitutiona by a 4-3 decision.
Fifteen months later the two ap-
pointees Joined the previous minority
In reversing the ruling, to 4.
At the time Grant was accused Of
packing" the court to reverse the law.
Most constitutional historians now
agree that charge was unfounded. For
the nominations were in the Senate
at the time the first decision was
being read. But the Presidents ap-
pointees were Republicans, and their
reversal of the decision was in line
with Republican policy after the Civil
War.
Hints Of President.
This sort of bending the judiciary in
the direction of the economic theory
Of the administration in power was
what President Franklin D. Roose-
welt hinted at in his 1887 inaugural
address, and again in the message in
which he asked Congress for power
to increase the number of justices to
Q maximum of IS.
"A constant and sympathetic ad-
dition OF younger BLOOD" he asserted
in the latter message, will vitalize
the courts and better equip them to
recognize and apply the essential con-
cepts of justice in the light Of the
needs and the facts of an ever
changing world"
This was about the same thing that
Thomas Jefferson was saying when he
was President 1870 years ago. He, too
was confident, that different set OF
justices would assure better govern
ment.
Although their aims were different
Jefferson was strong for States rights,
while the Roosevelt New Deal calls for
o stronger central government-the
complaints of these two Presidents
were identical. Roosevelt in 1887 as
serted that the Supreme Court by ad.
verse decision was baking the popular
will. Jefferson, in 1907, after the
courts refused to hold his rival, Aaro-
Burr, for treason, said.
1T is unfortunate that federalism
Is still predominant in our judiciary
department, which is consequently il
opposition to the legislative and execu
tive branches and is able to battle the!
measures often"
To get around his problem. Jeffer'
sons supporters in Congress tried un'
successfully to shorten the terms O.
the justices and to remove Justice
Chase by impeachment.
Own Appointees BaIk.
Yet when Jefferson got an oppor
tunity to name three men to the cour
(two for vacancies and one for ar
increase in the number of justices) h;
found himself baked by his own ap'
pointees. One of these, Justice Viii.
liam Johnson, rebuked him for his
embargo acts, and the others JOINED
Jefferson's Federalist foe, Chief Justice
John Marshall, in strengthening the
Federal Government in opposition tt
the Jeffersonian ideals.
Somewhat the same thing had hap.
Evening star., 1937-02-14
Germany is Planning
To Produce Own Silk

CEILE, Germany R.-One hum
dred million mulberry trees are to
be planted in Germany to feed silk
worms in a big scheme to raise natural
silk at home.
A branch of the Labor Front, the
"Reichsfachgruppe Silk Producers" I"
has been charged with the wholesale
distribution of silkworm eggs and
later will buy up cocoons and manu-
facture silk from them.
Evening star., 1937-02-14
u. S. S. II. Will Publish
Many Books i'm 1887

MOSCOW R.-The State Literary
and Fiction Publishing House of the
U. S. S. r. is to publish $4,000, 900
copies of books in 1887, of which
many will appear in mass editions.
The one-volume edition of the
great Russian poet, Pushkin, will be
published in 100000 copies; some of
his selected works in 100000 copies
each.
Ten volumes of the 14-volume edi-
ton Of Gorky and the full edition Of
Mayakovsky in IL volumes will be
published. and publication will be
commenced of collected works Of
Russian classics - Gogol, Nekrassov,
Lermontrov and Turgenev.
Evening star., 1937-02-14

memorial could be
b uilt than a
Woman's Build
ing. in which
could be con-
tinued her work
among the living
as We believe she
con in ues her
work in the realm
Of spirit. The
women Of the
Nation, I am sure,
will cooperate in
the project and
they would re-
ciprocate the ef-
fort tn ke
Evening star., 1937-02-14

q profound infu-
enc upon the ma
tons for all time.
Miss Anthony
had the unique
distinc tion of
having served in
the thlee great
est movements Of
the race-temper.
ance, the abolish-
ment Of slavery
and the emanci-
patton Of women.
From the first
famous congress
sional hearing
rraptnd hv the
Evening star., 1937-02-14
WOMAN'S BUILDING URGED
AS ANTHONY MEMORIAL
Birthday Anniversary Of Great Feminist
Tomorrow Recalls Contributions
to Cause of Suffrage.

and then rushed frantically among her
friends to raise money to redeem the
portrait. At the auction sale $50 was
bid by Mrs. Hendley, another woman
added to the bid $40. providing the
portrait stay in Washington. Example
was a powerful thing, for SCOTS was
also contributed, making the cost OF
the portrait $80.75."
Stamps Offered August rs.
Another triumph for the woman's
movement was experienced when the
memory of Miss Anthony was honored
on the sixteenth anniversary of the
adoption Of the suffrage amendment
to the Constitution by the first official
sale Of the Anthony postage stamp.
August 26, 1896.
At the celebration of Miss Anthony's
Hath birthday anniversary, held at
Pierce Hall, All Souls Unitarian
Church, the following tribute was paid
to her by Theodore w. Noyes, editor
of The Star: Our honor of Susan
B. Anthony, the emancipator, the
woman of wonderful brain power, mas
ter of words, and indomitable courage,
will not be perfect until we complete
the work to which she devoted her
life. The men and women of the
Nation, including those of the District
of Columbia, who have won for them
selves the national franchise every
where. except in the District of Co
lumbia, will never permit the excep-
ton and other determinations to exist,
but will continue to work for national
representation for the District of Co.
lumbia until 1t is accomplished"
There Is another great honor due
this great woman. A monument to
her memory should be erected in the
Nations Capital. No more fitting
Evening star., 1937-02-14
BY ANNA E. HENDLEY.

~ SUSAN B. ANTHONY,
4 whose birthday anniversary
tomorrow the Nation COM
~ memorates, it can be justly
said, as it was of Washington and
Lincoln, that she was one of history's
great souls. Inspired by spiritual
vision, she rose above the level of the
age into which she was born and left
Evening star., 1937-02-14
Pineapple Production Heavy.

More than 10000. 900 cases Of pine-
apples and $500 900 cases of pineapple
juice were produced IN Hawaii last
year.
Evening star., 1937-02-14
BY JOHN LEAR.

~ My one President in United
n States history succeeded in
changing the views Of the
~ Supreme Court by changing
Evening star., 1937-03-22
Deaths Reported.

Ida s. Nowlin, So 2245 Nichols ave. Sc.
George w. Heath. 7S. Casualty Hospital
Alfaretta Miller. rs. PRESBYTERIAN Home.
Emily Graef, 81, 1880 Cathedral avenue
Bessie M. Smith, so, 1924 K St
Hugh T. Blankenship 40, Soldiers Home.
Mary S; Colt, AZ. Georgetown Hospital.
Emory ". Lacy, A tuberculosis Hospital.
Laura g., Smith, 36. 1882 Wisconsin ave
Dolores Mattingly, 9, Children's Hospital.
John Lamb. 4, Childrens Hospital
Ernen Simmons. so, Casualty HospitaI'
Charles Stewart Al. Gallinser Hospital.
Herbert Thomas, 36 Gallinger Hospital
preston Swami. q. Gallinger Hospital.
Samuel jackson. 20, Georgetown Hospital.
William M. Massey. 20. tuberculosis Hos
pital.
Walter johnson. %. Freedmen's HOSPITAL.
Dempsey Faulkner. % Gallinger Hospital
Evening star., 1937-03-22
Alpha Delta Pi
Alumnae Guests
Of Miss Mitchell

THE Washington Alumnae Associa-
ton of Alpha Delta Pi will be en-.
tertained at its March meeting tomor-
row evening at the home of Miss Helen
Mitchell. 1923 K street northwest, at
BIS o'clock. Assisting Miss Mitchell
as hostesses will be Mrs. Charles
Dooley, Miss Ann Burger, Miss Kath-
ryn Campbell. Miss Evelyn Kerr, Miss
Frances Zebley, Mrs. Cecil Smell and
Mrs. Graeme Bannerman.
Following a brief business meeting
entertainment will be furnished by
Miss Maxine Mitchell and Miss Mary
Norman West of the Alpha Pi Chapter
of Alpha Delta Pi at George Wash
ington University.
Officers Of the association this year
are Mrs. Hubert Bisselle, president;
Miss Elizabeth Rees, vice president:
Mrs. George B Martin, recording Sec
retary; Mrs. Francis lie Sourd. corre-
spending secretary; Mrs. Graeme
Bannerman, assistant secretary; Mrs.
Richard Fourchy, treasurer, and Miss
Marian Boyle, delegate to the Pan
hellenic Association.
All Alpha Delta Pts in the city
are cordially invited to attend the
meeting. Please call Mrs. Hubert
Bisselle, at 4458 Reservoir road north
west, or Mrs. Charles Dooley, 27OO
Connecticut avenue northwest.
Evening star., 1937-03-22
Williams Hosts,
Honorine Mrs. Cass

Col. and Mrs. Seth Williams enter
tanned at cocktail party yesterday at
their home and later at a dinner at
the Army and Navy Club in honor OF
Mrs. Helena Whitney Cass, widow OF
Brig. Gen. Walter Cass, senior off,
Ger Of the Australian forces, who was
A. D. c. to two Governors-Lord
Foster and Lord Stonehaven.
Mrs. Helena Whitney Cass has been
special woman correspondent i Mel
bourne for some years and also broad
cast from the National stations.
Among the guests were the COM
mandant Of the Marine Corps and
Mrs. Thomas Holcombe, Maj. Gen.
and Mrs. Louis Little, Brig. Gen. and
Mrs. R. P. Williams, Gen. and Mrs.
Hugh Matthews, Rear Admiral and
Mrs. Lloyd Chandler, Col. and Mrs.
w. w. Ashurst, Col. Jester Horton,
Col. Calvin Matthews, Col E. w.
Banker, Col. Howard H. Bailey, Capt.
Frank Watrous and Mrs. Mary Bruce
Wallace.
Evening star., 1937-03-22

iected by these new schedules, since W
there Is no change involved in the
handling of the baggage of individuals.
Evening star., 1937-03-22

brought about by a drastic reduction
In the number OF pieces constituting
load. At present, the company de-
livers load Of 174 pieces or less any,
where in the city proper for SO. Un-
der the new schedule it asks the same
rate for load of 20 pieces.
In the case of loads Of over 174
pieces, but not exceeding 900 cubic
feet, the present tariff of IS would be
retained for loads exceeding 20 pieces
under the proposed tariff.
An additional $3.50 would be
charged on loads in excess of 20
pieces to destinations in Anacostia,
Benning, Bethesda, Burlieth, Chevy
Chase and Takoma Park, D. c. An
additional rate of $3.50 and SIS would
be charged for the smaller and larger
loads, respectively, on deliveries to the
zone including Silver Spring, Md;
Takoma Park, Md, and Rosslyn, Va.
The company said local residents and
theatrical companies would not be af-
Evening star., 1937-03-22
OSCAR B. ROBINSON, 81,
EXPIRES AT HOME HERE
Lifelong Washington Resident
Was Poultry Dealer at New
Center Market.

Oscar B. Robinson, 81, lifelong res
ident OF Washington and poultry
dealer at New Center Market, died
Saturday at his home, 1923 Kansas
avenue.
The son Of Bernard and Rosa Rob-
inson, who operated poultry stand
for years at Old Center Market, Rob-
inson succeeded them and stayed on
at the market when the Government
took control in 1922. Among his
steady customers had been Senator
James j. Davis, Republican, of Penn
sylvania. and other prominent Wash
ington persons.
His wife, Mrs. Katherine R. Robin
son. survives, as do two sons, Wilbur
B. and Maynard o. Robinson.
Funeral services will be held at his
late residence at 10 am. tomorrow
followed by burial in Adas Israel
Cemetery
Evening star., 1937-03-22
RABBI SAYS THREE
THINGS MAKE JEW
Blood, Culture and Religion
Cited by Dr.. Pool in
Debate Here.

Three things-blood, culture and
religlon-make Jew, Rabbi David de
Sola Pool of New York last night told
the National Temple Forum of the
Washington Hebrew Congregation, 816
Eighth street.
Debating with DR.. Lewis Browne,
author and skeptic, on What Makes
Jew?" the bearded rabbi explained:
Jews in Germany may give up their
culture and religion, but they can
never change their blood. Albert Elm
stein, famed scientist, is Jewish be-
cause OF his parentage and cultural
associations, though he has no par
ticular synagogical association. Re-
ligion, however, is the most important
OF the three characteristics. To be a
Jew by birth only is ignoble. The only
kind OF Jew who has dignity and self
respect is one identified with the soul
OF his people-religion."
Challenging this definition, DR..
Browne declared: "A Jew is Jew be-
cause he can't help it-because the
rest of the world won't let it be other
wise"
There are unquestionably Jews who
would still want to be Jews if they
didn't have to be-" he continued AT
the same time that's mere sophistry
We are Jews because we have to be-"
Because of this, DR.. Browne went
on, Jews have been set apart and
forced to live in ghettos in cities. The
characteristics they have developed
that are Objectionable to non-Jews
are not Jewish" but urban" This
city dwelling is responsible for the
"city thinking" of Jews. he said
Insisting he is Jew despite his
skepticism, he announced: II came
here a skeptic and, having heard Dr.
Pool, am still a skeptic."
Evening star., 1937-03-22
DR.. HAYDEN WILL EDIT
DISTRICT BAR JOURNAL
Head Of Catholic University Law
School Appointed by
Henry Quinn.

DR.. James ]. Hayden, head Of the
Catholic University Law School, has
been appointed editor in chief Of the
Journal Of the District Bar Associa-
ton for three years, it was announced
today. The appointment was made by
Henry I. Quinn, president of the as
sociation.
Publication of the journal was in
stituted three years ago under the
auspices of committee Of which DR..
Hayden was secretary. He was re-
appointed to the group last year and
the year before
The journal is published monthly
except during July and August of each
year.
Evening star., 1937-03-22
BANKHEAD RETURNS
AFTER 2-MONTH REST

BY the Associated Press
Senator Bankhead of Alabama re-
turned to the Capitol today after a
two-month rest in Tucson, Ariz., ex-
pressing confidence he is we'll again
and determination to press for passage
of his farm tenant bill.
Accompanied by Mrs Bankhead, the
Senator arrived in Washington last
night. He went to Tucson in January,
shortly after he took the oath for
another six-year term in the Senate.
Bankhead said he had been studying
President Roosevelt's court proposals,
but was not ready to make a state
ment.
Evening star., 1937-03-22
; Months to Pay Without
Interest or Carrying Charge

he Polos Royo offers this special credit those
thousands OF Neutrality-suspicious. who EXTRA BUYING POWER
tor Easter 1t is SIMPLE practical plan thot should solve your
Easter buying problem
lake advantage Of this special Letter SERVICE come to
our red Sales Office the 5th floor No long questonnq
no delays, red tope
You oy Letter Of Credit every department
except the Fountain Tea Room.
OF CREDIT TODAY Complete your Shop
ping this convenient Poos Royal Buying PIon
Evening star., 1937-03-22
JOB GAIN NOTED
Increase in Class / Carriers' Pay
Also Is Reported.

The Interstate Commerce Commits
sion reported today marked increases
for 1885 in the number of employees
OF class l carriers. and in compensa-
ton paid.
The commissions Bureau Of Statis-
tics said the average number of en-
ployes was 1,065,970, an increase O,
1882, or 7.23 per cent compared
with 1895.
The total compensation for the year
was $l,S48,498,422 an increase Of
12.49 per cent over 1895.
Evening star., 1937-03-22
RATE BOOST ASKED
| BY TRANSFERF|RM
Tariff Increase Is Sought
for Handling Baggage for
Tour Parties.

The Railway Express Co. successor
TO the old Union Transfer Co., today
presented before the Public Utilities
Commission its application for in
creased tariffs in handling baggage at
Union Station for tour parties visiting
Washington.
c. F. Messenkopf, traffic manager,
said the new schedule compares with
similar charges in other cities and was
necessitated by the practically non
profitable handling of such business
under existing tariffs.
The principal increase would be
Evening star., 1937-03-22

Any man or woman in the District of Columbia or
its environs, who is steadily employed, can use the
Polois Royal LETTER OF CREDIT. You do not
have to own real estate. You do not have to have
bank account. You do not have to have chorqe
accounts in other stores We ore hoppy to have
you as q PoIois Royal Customer.
Evening star., 1937-03-22
DOCTOR OF UTAH INDIANS
DIES IN SALT LAKE CITY
DR.. o. E. Patterson Former Resi-
dent of Misunderstanding of
G, W, Medical School.

DR.. o. E. Patterson, Bureau OF In
dian Affairs physician on the Unitah
and Ouray Indian Reservation in
Utah and former Washington resi-
dent, died Thursday in Salt Lake
City, according to word received here.
Burial was at Eugene, Greg.
DR.. Patterson was a graduate Of
George Washington University Medi-
cal School and a former employe Of
the Treasury Department. He served
in France during the World War as
lieutenant in the Army Medical Corps.
Surviving are his widow, Mrs
Cecilia S. Patterson; two sons, Robert
and Byron Patterson, and daughter,
DR.. Virginia Patterson.
Evening star., 1937-03-22
CAT TAKEN TO CLEANERS

ARKANSAS CITY, Kans. R).-Mrs.
Boyd Mohler bounded up the family
laundry in a sheet the other day, tied
1t in customary fashion and handed
1t to the laundryman.
A half hour later the laundryman
was back, carrying the family cat and
inquiring whether he was to dry clean
or merely wash the animal.
The cat had been wrapped up while
asleep in the laundry pile.
Evening star., 1937-11-21

IRON coast-to-coast, you now
hear women singing the
praises of a thrilling new re-
ducing method. A method, which
DR.. Damrau of New York demon
strated in actual tests among a
large number of people, and
which was responsible for an
average loss in weight of 7
pounds per month.
Most amazing, this method does
NOT call for special diet lists.
You never suffer a hungry mo-
ment. Nor is it necessary for you
to take strenuous exercises, or
drugs.
H0sr This Pleasant Way
Takes OF Excess Fat!
All you have to do is eat sensibly,
and drink u of a glass of Welch's
Grape Juice, mixed with " of a
glass Of water, before meals and
at bedtime.
Nothing could be easier, or more
pleasant. Yet!-this is what hap
pens. First, this delicious drink
satisfies your craving for rich,
sweet foods. You have less desire
to over.eat fattening foods-but
Evening star., 1937-11-21
irene RICH

Radio Dramas Every Sunday Night
from Hollywood over WMAL at
9:45 P. M. Or consult your paper
for time and other stations.
Evening star., 1937-11-21
)ntBeFat
"Ent seusikLv and drink XeLCb,s
"Eat sensibly and drink Welcb's
Grape Juice" says Irene Rich

ugly fat without suffering hungry moment
Evening star., 1937-11-21

you do feel comfortably full.
Second, the grape sugar in
Welch's is quickly consumed,
and by this process helps nature
to consume excess fat.
Thus weight is lost naturally and
safely. And this remarkable
method is just as beneficial and
effective for overweight men, as
it is for overweight women.
Watch One Thing Carefully
There is only one thing to watch
in following this proved way to
take off excess fat. Eat sensibly-
and be sure to use Welch's pure,
aged, unadulterated, full.strength
grape juice before meals. Made
from the finest grapes grown.
No water added; no artificial
coloring. Good Housekeeping
approved. Insist upon the genu-
inc Welch's Grape Juice for the
results you want. And for econ
omy's sake-buy Welch's by the
case.
WEIGH GRAPE JUICE CO.. wess6eld. NY.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-10-28

Waterville, Oct. 2s.-A general holiday for children of the public schools will be observed tomorrow, when about 800 high school and grammar school teachers from the Waterbury public school system will attend the 90th annual convention of the Connecticut State Teachers association at Bushnell Memorial In Hartford and in other state cities.
 With this extra day added to the usual weekend recess the local school children will have an extra opportunity to enjoy football, and prepare for Halloween activities.
 A Halloween party will be given tomorrow afternoon, ct 2 o'clock ct the Grace Methodist church, for the children of the primary department. Mrs. Ralph Bates will be in charge.
 Rehearsal Planned
 Immediately following the business meeting of the Pride Of Welch Cir- cle next Tuesday evening, 8 o'clock ct Foresters' hall on Hanover street, Q rehearsal will be held for c inif1- strel show, which tho circle platla to present sometime later In the sea- son.
 All talented young woman, sixteen years or older, of Waterville, are invited to take part in this show and are requested to attend the first rehearsal, November 2, ct 9 o'clock Mrs. Louis Dadario Is general chairlady, assisted by Mrs. Joseph McArdle and Mrs. James Duncan, while Arthur Doucette and George
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-10-28

The Federated Malay states is reducing import duties on food. stuixA