davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1937-09-24
The Infantile Paralysis Epidemic

The number ante paralysis 28 in Chicago
o 18. Schools have opened.
Philadelphia chdren wards of the three hospitals
quarantine following discovery the dread disease
in each.
opening delayed until October
because of 81 of infantle paralysis.
Winnipeg above 0O and isolated
all combined
Medical authorities have been communicative the
possible the of this epidemic
months the heathest of the
that breeds this maady?
year. the milk purer and the body exposed
paralysis
there between improperly chilled foods and the
of this disease?
this maady and the greatly
consumption and much of purveyd under
highly questionable hygienic conditions?
parents permit and frozen
without nqung how old the is what contains
they usually question the and compost
juices" (Which merely chemcal) with which the
ices doused.
dog a venerable American
red days when the
meat in the refrigerator spois.
opinion parents take much for granted They
believe implicitly what statesmen and hawkers tell hem and they
their food for consumption
little ice and soft drink making the home where
preparation supervised would perhaps contribute
deal toward hating the of this annual visitation of the
dread infantie paralysis.-Pttsburgh Courier
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1937-09-24
Discovery Of Coal

There is strong reason to believe
that the first discovery Of coal on
this continent was made in Illinois,
by the early French explorers, some
time between 1873 and 1880. 1T Is
remarkable" states James Mac
Farlane, in Coal Regions Of Amer
ica," that the first discovery Of
coal in America Of which there is
any account in a printed book was
made so far in the interior as Illi-
nois by Father Hennepin more than
$50 years ago." Hennepin's map,
accompanying the edition Of his
journal published in 1893, locates a
coal mine in the bluffs Of the Illinois
river near Ottawa, where an in
ferior quality Of bituminous coal
comes to the surface. Referring to
this record left by Hennepin, r. c.
Taylor, another authority in eco
nomic geology, states This is the
earliest notice on record Of the ex-
istence of coal in America"
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1937-09-24
"MarshaIln Of French Origin

Marshall" Of old French origin,
is one of the occupation names. A
marshal was originally groom, or
manager of the horse. The king
marshal rose gradually in impor.
lance and dignity as the Importance
of cavalry increased, until he be-
came one Of the judges in courts Of
chivalry, and now the highest
French military officer is called q
marshal Cor marechaL in the
French spelling), a title which the
English and Germans adapted to
field marshal" When used as a
name tho word has two Pa
head bumps" Misleading
A high forehead Is not always
a sign of intelligence. Some people
have high, intellectual brows, but
as soon as they begin to talk one
would think they had never been
educated, asserts correspondent In
Pearson's London Weekly. On the
other hand, quite a lot Of really
clever people have small heads and
low foreheads, and they look far
from intellectuals. Experience has
taught that a big bald head may
contain the brain of a rabbit, and
a small bullet head that Of a genius.
What matters is the quality Of the
gray matter inside, and not the
shape or size Of the skull that con-
tains It.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1937-09-24
Paying Mining Royalties

In the long past, as their name
suggests, mining royalties were
paid to the reigning monarch. This
applied to mined products of all
kinds, as we'll as coal, says London
Answers Magazine. Then, the pri-
vate owners of land began to OBJ
ject to this, as they claimed that
royalties for coal produced from
their estates should belong to them.
About the middle Of the Sixteenth
century a law case was brought to
settle this, and the judges decreed
that, while gold and silver mines
belonged to the king, all other min
erals, including coal, were the prop,
erty of the owner of the land. The
rate Of the royalty payable varies
in different districts.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1937-09-24
Flash of Lightning Too
Quick for Eyes to See

The lightning fash is far too quick
for the human eye to actually see
but it is so bright that it burns a
distorted image on the retina which
is taken for the real flash. Prob
ably, most flashes endure less than
a thousandth of a second-although
multiple flashes, a series Of flashes
along the same general path taken
by the rest, may continue for as
long as a second. Really, lightning
is never zigzagged as it is generally
supposed to be. The bolt, as record
ed by cameras, is usually streak,
sometimes straight but often curved,
and frequently branching out like
the roots Of tree.
The commonly described sheet
lightning" is not a sheet or even
broad band at all; it is just an or
binary fash which, hidden by the
density Of the cloud in which it &C.
ours, lights up section of the cloud
in sheet" states writer in the
Boston Herald.
Since lightning takes the shortest
path possible, it usually strikes"
the talleSt object in the vicinity.
Church steeples are ideal targets
for lightning but, lacking them, a
big barn, a tall house or even a tree
will serve. The lightning crashes
through them and the destruction it
does depends upon the resistance
the object offers to the passage of
the energy. A metal object, such
as a steel lag-pole, is not harmed
in the least, as it allows the light
ming free passage. But a wooden
hag-pole, a building or even a tree
does try to stop the lightning and,
as a result, is blown to bits, liter
ally exploded. Often heat is gen.
Grated by the battle between wood
and lightning and the wood is set
afire.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1937-09-24
There Were No Glass
Mirrors Before 1850

1t was not until after the year 1850
that glass was in use for mirrors.
Before that date highly polished
metals were used, relates a writer
in the Los Angeles Times.
Until the time of Charles II, the
manufacture of mirrors was in the
hands of the Venetians. who guard
ed the secrets of their glass fac
tories very jealousy.
But about the middle of the Seven
teenth century the English were
making marked improvement in
mirror-making and set out to cap
ture from the VenetianS some Of
the world trade they had enjoyed.
The first plates for mirrors were
said to have been made at Lam
bert in 1873, and from this time on
were in general use in England.
Mirrors in America were listed as
early as 1880 and were undoubtedly
of English make as they followed
the prevailing furniture fashions Of
that time.
AS all glass was first blown as a
sphere it was impossible to make
big sheets. For this reason early
mirrors were invariably rectangu-
lar. Large mirrors were made in
two pieces. The plates were bent
straight after being blown.
After 1850 the plate was nodded,
not blown. The glass was thin and
uneven and the bevels were pressed
instead of being ground, which gave
a rounded edge and fiat angle.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1937-09-24
Organization with a Program

1t is apparent those of who have countless
organizations for civic and racial improvement and
that the real for their high mortality the lack
of program
Now comes group of young people with the Minnesota
Negro Council who have definite detectives and the
courage and intelligence to achieve them.
AS evidence their aertness the organization tired of
the discrimination the State Fair which has been grow
ing year by year, the Attorney Generals office and
made known that the people would not this year condone
such discrimination Result that in the Midway
shows owned by Georgia show propretors there dis
elimination noticed by Council members.
The Council is dedicang its activity to the many prob
lens in labor housing civil rights and kindred propositions
whose solving essential to many peoples fe liberty
and pursuit of happiness.
Since we have never been among those who think in
of failures of other past organizations instead of in
hopes for bigger and better organizations hope and feel
that the Minnesota Negro Council continues its
program people will it debt of gratitude.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1937-09-24
Joe Louis Good Influence

Something the fendsh delight with which
hail showing ceancut
reflected nothing credit his his
boxing itself if he accomplish miracle
time the wolf pack at his throat where people
thinker that he that he
lacking
is criticized giving Shmeng
If left
fight Max week. I'm convinced that Louis isn't the
nothing will shake opinion that
boxing a decadDan
Daily Mirror
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1937-09-24
Public Service
Bureau
Minneapolis Spokesman and
st, Paul Recorder

Ots L ddI
Books, toys and other articles
that would keep bed-ridden pa
tients, young and old, entertained
and happy would be appreciated at
General Hospital, DIR. F. E. Har-
ringtOn, health commissioner and
head of the hospital, said last
night. He said the articles can be
taken to the hospital, or by calling
the hospital they will be collected,
provided calls are not too numerous
and the distance for collection not
too great.-MinneapOlis Journal.
The school bells have rung. Chill
dren have been returning to school
after a three months vacation. Par
ents have been talking for several
weeks about getting their children
ready for the school year. This
should mean much more than out
fitting a child with new clothing.
Suitable clothing is important and
should be given much thought. We
all like to see our children look we'll
and to feel we'll. This cannot be
achieved without some effort on our
part.
Newspapers and other advertise
ments guide US in our purchases.
Teaching our children to form cor
rect daily health habits will aid
them in their growth to healthy,
happy adults. Check your child's
supply of physical resistance just
as you check their clothing supply.
Some communities were forced to
keep their schools closed because
of an outbreak of a communicable
disease. We should be thankful
that our city has not been faced
with this problem.
There has been an increase in the
number of our patients in the An
mex of Minneapolis General Hospi-
tai lately. The majority of these
patients is children. 1t may be that
some parents were preparing their
children for school by having de-
fective tonsils and adenoids re-
moved. Defects such as these are
a handicap and retard a school
child. The different parts of a
child's body should work so we'll
Together that they can forget all
about them.
Jack Miller and Thomas Jackson
have been released from the Chill
dren's Ward. Vernon Gardner is
doing fairly we'll and Wellington
Mccoy improving nicely. William
Williams, who was seriously i'll for
days, made the grade and was dis
charged last week. Levi Dodson
expects to leave soon. Leola Young,
Mable Holmes Brown, Louise Craig,
Sarah Carey and Jane Peppers are
our latest patients. We inquired
about a suitable Rest Home for
Mrs. Peppers. Hope her friends
will stand by her now in this sad,
trying time. Pauline Bryant and
Katherine Digit continue to i'm
prove.
Bob" Moulden remains on the
critically i'll list. He seemed to be
breathing "easy" in his Oxygen
Tent when we peeked in at him.
We noticed so many Oxygen Tents
on our way through the hospital.
Check up on your health when
nature gives the warning signal.
Remember the articles for the en-
tertainment of bed-ridden patients.
Dorothy W. Wilson,
Director.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1937-09-24
He Can Say, 81 Told You So"

We imagine Chas. L. Horn, President of Federal Car
fridge Co., of most sincere critics in espOusa
of F. D. R., now, with Hugo Blacks K K. K perfdy
clearly proved qualify of those 81 told you soers
While talking about Mr. Horn it might be apropos
to mention that the wild animal life conservation camp which
he sponsored for coored kids down in Georgia big
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1937-09-24
Other Editors Say
C.. [. O. Forces A. F. L.

In the face of the of the c. o. the of unions have
many abandoned their traditional attitude indifference
Negro labor which frequently bordd hostility and often
eager eliminate every color discrimination the c. O.
organizations Courier.
Evening star., 1937-01-24
Less Talk in the Talkies
Considered by Hollywood
Directors Feel Current Deluge Of Dialogue
May Be Excessive Gilbert and Sui
livan Operas for Everybody.
By Jay Carmody.

think how pleasant would be to see motion picture in
1 \
emotion
- manifest itself expression of features
through the of sound?
film reports from HOLLYWOOD
Evening star., 1937-01-24

careful about the whole thing. and I
suspect that you do not have to be
exactly a Communist 70 credit the
truth of its thesis.
As matter of fact, 1t is not of I'M
portance to the quality of the play
whether the author is a red or an
economic'royalist. My point is merely
that the Guild seems to have
thought that it was reviving some of
its youthful intensity when it went in
for the proletarian drama. And.
really, the illustrious rganization is
much more at home in expressing its
viewpoint when it presents, as it did
at the beginning Of its present dis
couraging season, such mild liberal
piffle as And Stars Remain" I am
not trying to assert that there is any
direct relationship between the The
ater Guilds increasing conservatism
and its decreasing dramatic effec-
tiveness. My intention is merely to
point out that just when some good
social plays would be of great value
TO the season. our first producing or
ganization has terrible time man.
aging one.
Evening star., 1937-01-24
Hatch With Roach.

ERIC HATCH, noted author of
- novels and magazine stories, has
been placed under long-term writing
contract by the Hal Roach Studios.
Author of the story of MY Man God
frey" recent screen hit starring Carole
Lombard, Hatch's first assignment for
Roach will be the screen play of a
musical comedy extravaganza. Fea-
tured in the cast will be Patsy Kelly
and Lydia Roberti. whose first CO.
starring effort, "Nobody's Baby" re-
ceived a tremendous ovation from the
audience at the Fox Tower Theater
in Compton, Calf, where 1t was sneak
previewed last week.
Hatch's addition to the Roach per-
sonnel is the latest of number of new
names. Norman z. Mcleod will pro-
duce and direct Topper" from the
novel by Thorne Smith. Bert Kalmar
and Harry Ruby have been signed to
do the book, music and lyrics for one
musical during 1887, with an option
for another in 1898. Milton Bren,
formerly a well-known, agent, has al
ready started at the Roach Studios
under . producer contract.
Evening star., 1937-01-24
NCE OF SILENCE MAY FIND ITS WAY INTO FILMS
NEXT AT NATIONAL

TOHN GIELGUD'S Hamlet"
produced by Guthrie McClin-
tic, with Judith Anderson, Arthur
Byron and Lillian Gish important
in the cast, comes to the National
Theater for one week, starting
February 1. There will be mat
inees Wednesday and Saturday.
The production has Just hung
up a record in New York which
bids fair to stand for years
to come. The Broadway run
ended with 1872 performances, and
in spite of this could be extended
indefinitely except for the fact
Gielgud must sail for England
February %. SO McClintic de-
cided to let Washington, Boston
and Philadelphia have a look at
Gielgud in Hamlet" before it
closed forever.
The drama was staged by Nc
Clintic, and 10 Mielziner designed
the costumes. George Nash, Nor
gan Farley, Harry Andrews, Harry
Mestayer, John Cromwell, Ruth
March and William Roehrick
head the cast supporting the four
stars.
Evening star., 1937-01-24
Coming Film
Attractions
At Theaters
"BlackLegion," Earle
Feature-P al ce
Has "Plainsman."

I<@ LACK LEGION" the new
- Warner Bros film based
upon front-page headlines,
- comes to Warmers Earle
Theater Friday. The picture already
has won considerable praise for the
courage and daring of the manner in
which it presents an unusual story.
Humphrey Bogart is in the leading
role and Erin O'Brien-Moore has the
top feminine spot. Archie Mayo di-
,rected. The stage bill will bring to
town Harry Reser and his Eskimos,
Paul Gerritts, the wit on wheels"
and the Keene Twins, Vic and Lamar.
The close and tender feeling which
existed between two of the hardest
characters of the old West, Wild
Bill' Hickock and Calamity Jane"
is the basis for "The Plainsman,"
Cecil B. De Miles latest film, which
comes to LoeW'S Palace following the
current run of Champagne Waltz"
Gary Cooper plays Wild Bill"
MERLE OBERON is said to have
one Of the most emotional of all
her screen roles in Beloved Enemy"
which will be the next screen attrac-
ton at Loew's Capitol Theater, start
ing Friday. Brian Aherne appears
opposite Miss Oberon, and Karen
Morley is prominent in the cast. The
Capitol'S stage show will be head
lined by Eleanor Holm Jarrett, sing
ing swim champion, and her Groom
ing husband, Art Jarrett.
Sylvia Sidney comes to the Metro
politan Tfleater Friday in the new
film, The Woman Alone" based on
Joseph Conrad's novel. "The Secret
Agent" Oscar Homolka and John
Loder, popular English leading man,
head the list of supporting players
The film was directed by Alfred Hitch
cock, who directed THE 80 Steps"
and Secret Agent"
COMA HENIE'S Introductory film,
the musical comedy. "One in a
Million" comes to the Columbia FRI
day to continue the success it started
last week at LoeW's Capitol. The
graceful skating champion is sup
ported by Adolphe Menjou, the Ritz
Brothers, Airline Judge, Jean Hersholt,
Ned Sparks and others.
Shakespeare's 1887 cinema invasion
of Washington starts today, the Brit
ish production of "As You Like It."
with Elisabeth Bergner, opening at
the Rialto Theater. The brilliant and
sensitive star of Escape Me Never"
and Catherine the Great" fulfills
one of her ambitions in playing Rosa
lind in this new film. The role is
one of her favoriteS and she has done
it more than 500 times on the stage.
LES MiSerables" will be revived at
the Little Theater, starting today.
Charles Laughton and Fredric March
head the cast.
Evening star., 1937-01-24

concerned with such vigorous left
wing polemics as Professional"
'Masse Menche" and THE Adding
Machine" Now it is more comfort
able when it produces suave and
amiable continental parlor comedies.
1t probably is natural enough that.
with the increase of its fame and for
tune. the Guild should lose come of
its old-time crusading spirit. One
might note such a decrease in youth
full enthusiasm without being surprised
or unhappy about it.
What is unfortunate is that with
the diminution of editorial high spirits
there has gone hand in hand a dis
tinct loss in creative energy and ar
tistic spiritedness. 1t is, thank heaven,
certainly not the time for any Theater
Guild obituary. Three unsuccessful
plays in a row do not by any means
indicate the end Of such capable and
intrenched organization. Further
more, the Guild has a way of pulling
itself together and making hand
some comeback just as critics begin
shaking their heads and giving the
whole thing up. 1t is undeniably
true, however, that something has
gone wrong with its creative ability
and that steps should be taken. Even
those who are not fond of the Guild
for a certain smugness they find in
it must confess that its demise would
be serious loss to the drama.
TYPICAL of the spirit that has over
come the Guild in recent seasons
is the fact that. according to the evil.
dence, it regarded But for the Grace
of God" as a vigorously radical play
and felt that by producing it the
rumors about the increasing conServ-
atism of the outfit would be scotched.
That the drama has its suggestions of
radicaliSm is undeniable. Its grim,
bitter picture of the way in which
poverty breeds crime among the
youth of slum district aSsuredly
has its implications of left-wing edi-
torializing. 1t is, however, pretty
Evening star., 1937-01-24
Switzerland.

BURTON HOLMES will give the
third of five travel talks. spon-
sored by the Community Center De-
parment and the public schools, next
Wednesday evening at Roosevelt High
School.
The subject will be Switzerland"
and Mr.. Holmes tour" illustrated
with motion pictures and colored
slides. will take in the famous Lion
of ST. Mark
Evening star., 1937-01-24
Quiet Please!

EOLKS have to be quiet in hospitals
= and they have to be doubly quiet
b motion picture studies. It stands
TO reason that the slightest sound will
be picked up by the cameras sound
recorder.
All Of this, however, didn't prevent
voices from continuing conversation,
not In the script, one day recently on
q set in the Paramount studio. There
o sequence in Bulldog Drummond
Escapes" with Ray Milland, was
being photographed and recorded.
Annoyed and indignant, the assist
ant director, after an intermission had
been declared. beloved about the rule
Of silence.
There's only a Ire back here, 4"
piped up one of the voices which had
helped violate regulations.
And there was. A short circuit had
caused small blaze, which was ex-
tinguished before the assistant director
could think up an apology.
Evening star., 1937-01-24
Model Signed.

ORIEN HEYWARD, New York pro-
fessional model, has arrived in
Hollywood for fling at films.
The streamline beauty. long sought
by movie makers, will make her screen
bow under the aegis of B. P. Schulz
berg, independent producer for Para
mount and noted diScoverer Of stars.
A native of Kentucky, where she IS
socially prominent. Miss Hayward for
the past two years has been modelling
for magazine covers and billboards.
Highest paid Of New York's models,
she is regarded in motion picture cir
cles as one of the prize star bets
of 1887.
Evening star., 1937-01-24
Today S Film Schedule

R-K-O KEITHS "Three
Smart Girls" at 2, 1858, $50,
7:54 and 9:52 pm.
LOEW'S PALACE - Cham
pagne Waltz" at 2:20, 4:35.
$50 and 9:05 pm.
RIALTO-"As You Like It." at
2, 3:41, 5:42, 7:53 and 9:54
pm.
CAPITOL - "Stowaway," at
$50, $40, 7:5o and 1915.
Stage at 2, 4:25, 6:55, 9:25.
WARMERS EARLE-"Man of
Affairs" at 3, Sis, TAO and
9:55 pm. Stage shows at
2:10, 4:25, $50 and 9:O5 pm.
METROPOLITAN-"MindY Your
Own Business at 2, $50,
$40, 7:45 and GAS pm.
COLUMBIA College Holi-
day." at 2, 3:55, 5;55, 7:50
and $50 pm.
LITTLE-"Les Miserables," at
2, 1857, 5:54, Isl and 9:48
pm.
Evening star., 1937-01-24
Two Solos.

GEORGE STEVENS, VINO has risen
TO a commanding place among
Hollywood's directors in the past l8
months, has been assigned TO two Of
the most important directorial spots
on R-K-O-Radio's 1878 program.
He will handle the megaphone on
the first Fred Astaire solo starring
vehicle, "a Damsel in Distress" and
also direct Ginger Rogers in a SOLO
feature, "Vivacious Lady"
Evening star., 1937-01-24
Lillian Hellman Signed.
LILLIAN HELLMAN, who aut

r LILLIAN HELLMAN, who authored
the script of These Three" has
been signed by Samuel Goldwyn on a
long-term contract for future scripts,
as yet unnamed Meanwhile, Miss
Hellman is sailing for Europe on a
four weeks vacation preparatory to
beginning her Hollywood commit
mentS.
Evening star., 1937-01-24
Theater Organizations
Meet DiscOuragement
While Efforts Lack Popularity
Measures Suggested.
By Richard Watts, J.

bad most earnest theatrical organza
Repetory offered fine production of the
its controversial Johnny Johnson
the finish his play THE Silent