davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1937-04-21
BY GEORGE C. JORDAN.

Associated Press STAFF Correspondent
MADRID, April 2l-The tenth day
OF incessant insurgent shellfire rolled
up total of $50 dead within Madrid
today and forced a grave test of the
city's fatalism under nearly a half
year of siege. 1t was the worst Of all
Madrid's shellings.
Thirty-two bodies were hauled to
morgues this evening, the grim harvest
OF today's insurgent cannonade from
the besiegers' gun emplacements in
the citys suburbs.
At least 100 more were injured to-
day, a third of them gravely. The IA
talities made the toll approximately
$50 for the 10 days of bombardment
ESQ Shells Hurled Into City.
The newest phase Of the lombard
ment began before dawn and lasted,
with the briefest of lulls, all day.
Something like $50 shells were poured
into this city of million people;
Madrid's Gran Via. her Broadway"
was made major front of war.
AS this was being telephoned, big
shells were falling, one every two or
three minutes, in the Gran Via. I
saw one strike street car. A woman
with shattered legs was pulled out.
Fourteen other passengers were wound
ed. in all.
The ones who were not hurt ran
pell-mell for subway entrance. One
man lay in gutter. From where I
Watched-in the big telephone build
ing-he seemed badly hurt. He drag
ged himself toward U.S. Suddenly he
jumped up and ran.
Glass Flies From Windows.
A little boy fell in the street. An
auto hustled him away. Other autos
tried to speed by, but militiamen,
waving their pistols, halted them and
drafted them as ambulances.
Glass flew about us from our own
windows in the "Telefonica." Every
shell hit brought the sickening roar of
falling debris. Subways and base
ments were jammed-they had been
jammed for hours by refugees, afraid
to go home
Some Of the shells hit high in the
buildings, others fell square in the
streets, spraying shrapnel, sending up
showers of stone and plaster. 1t
seemed as if downtown Madrid was
being literally destroyed before our
eyes.
In the basement of the "Telefonica, +"
doctors and nurses worked breath
lessly over the wounded. Militiamen,
Evening star., 1937-04-21
Eclipse Z Quadrilion Miles Off
Studied for Data on Gases

Mrs. Cecilia Payne Gaposchkin and
DR.. William A. Calder, Harvard
astronomers, said the eclipse makes
possible almost the only study of the
atmosphere Of star, except for OBJ
servations of the atmosphere of our
own sun during total eclipses.
Such study can be made, Mrs.
Gaposchkin explained, because the
red giant has one of the largest known
:.tmospheres, almost as deep as the
core of the star itself.
AS the blue-white star moves
toward eclipse behind its gigantic red
companion, its light begins to pass
through the turbulent, hot gases that
form the red stars enormous atmos-
phere.
The quality of the light from the
blue white star then begins to change,
due to the flltering effects OF these
gases, DR.. Calder and Mrs. Gaposch-
kin explained Such an effect was
first noted few days ago by Prof.
D. B. Mclaughlin of the University
Of Michigan.
As the blue-white star moves farther
behind the atmosphere OF the red
giant the changes in its light become
more pronounced-just as the light of
our sun Is changed by passing through
the dense atmosphere close to the
earth Ut s,insst.
Evening star., 1937-04-21
INTIMIDATION LAID
TOHARLAN FIRMS
u. M. w. Witnesses Declare
Organizing Efforts Were
Hindered.
BY JOHN c. HENRY.

Obstruction by intimidation of ef-
forts of the United Mine Workers to
organize employees of the United States
Coal & Coke and the Wisconsin Steel
Cos. in Harlan County, KY. was de-
scribed before the Senate Civil Liber-
ties Committee today by three U. M.
W. witnesses
Favorite device for discouraging or
ganizers, it was disclosed, was the
practice of openly shadowing U. M. w.
representatives by heavily armed
deputy sheriffs.
While the hearings continued, Ted
Creech, husky 35-year-old son of a
Harlan County mine owner, who was a
witness before the committee last week
and again yesterday, awaited arraign-
ment on perjury charge this after
noon before Police Court Judge John
P. Mcmahon.
Creech was freed under $4,000 bond
after he was arrested outside the Sem
ate Office Building yesterday and
taken to police headquarters to be
photographed and fngerprinted
He was to have been arraigned
(See LA TOILETTE, Page A-2)
Evening star., 1937-04-21
Sea CulIs Become Landlubbers
To Help Formers Eight Beetles

then by the thousands "as they told
their friends about It," He reported
his find to the Federal Department Of
Agriculture.
Because Of their webbed feet, the
gulls can't scratch like chickens" !"
but Raymoley learned they followed
the tractors and scooped up the beetle
grubs from the burrows
Raymoley said: II believe the good
word will soon spread to all gulls up
and down the coast. Many Of them
don't bother to fly back to the sea
at night. They just roost in tree
or on fence, and may become land
lubbers yet"
The agriculture expert said he got
on the right track when he heard
Of the Mormons' famous monument
to the gulls who delivered them from
the grasshoppers the first Summer
after they arrived in Utah In 1858.
Evening star., 1937-04-21
IL DUCE BARS ARMS CUT
ANSWERING PARLEY PLAN
Limitation Is Possible, However, He
Thinks-Reform or Death Declared
Leagues Alternatives.

reduction of armament, under the
present circumstances, was out of the
question. Whether or not he would
take the existing level of armament as
the basis for limitation he declined to
clarity.
The writer said that most Americans
believed the next world war, If it
should unfortunately come, would be
fought along the same lines as the
last one; namely, democracy against
autocracy, now manifesting itself as
fascism or nazism.
What is democracy" asked Mus
solini; and he went on to answer the
question himself. If democracy means
a government for the greatest good of
the greatest number of people, then
the Italy of today is the greatest de-
mocracy. Our system is not only con-
ceived but actually functions to pro-
mote the welfare and happiness of the
people. Those so-called democracies
whose submerged tenth are left to
shift for themselves have no right to
throw stones at US"
l said that both in America and in
the Orient the impression prevailed
that war in Europe was inevitable.
The Duce closed his eyes for a mo-
ment. The situation" he said, lis
pregnant with evil possibilities, but
TO say that war is inevitable is to as
(See MUSSOLINI page A-7l
Evening star., 1937-04-21
TA|L0RS QUIT Jobs
IN AZ STORES HERE.
First Strike Supported by
c. |. 0. in Capital
Area.

Demanding higher wages and short
er hours, 240 tailors and their helpers
have stopped work in AZ clothing and
department stores in the first local
strike supported by the Committee
for Industrial Organization.
Shortly after the tailors reported
for work yesterday, the strike was
called by local 1873 of the Amalgamated
Clothing Workers of America, c. l. O.
affiliate. National Organizer Herman
Holtznecht said, the strike is 95 PEI
cent effective"
An hour after the strike was called,
Holtznecht said, 10 merchants an
nounced they were willing to sign con-
tracts granting demands of the union.
Negotiating Month.
I'VE have been negotiating with a
committee of the Merchants and
Manufacturers Association for a
month without getting anywhere, +"
Holtznecht said. Our members be-
gan clamoring for strike so today
we gave it to them"
ElCkeL lines Will De bHIOWn around
all esta blishments which have failed
to meet the unions demands by to-
morrow, Holtznecht declared. He said
he is confident the majority of the
merchants will sign agreements.
The union is demanding a 40-hour
week for its members and minimum
weekly wages of s36 for tailors and
pressers and S22 for their helpers.
Not Sanctioned by A. F. L.
John Locher. president of the Cen
trail Labor Union, declared he had
received no official report of the
strike and hastened to point out that
1t Is not sanctioned by the American
Federation of Labor.
The strikers did not attempt to in
woke "sit-down" strategy, but filed
quietly out of the establishments in
volved when the strike was called.
Holtznecht said that at present the
tailors work between A and go hours
a week for salaries ranging from s2l
to $50 week.
Evening star., 1937-04-21
JEFFERSON EDIFICE
FOUGHT IN HOUSE
Pressure Exerted to Balk Fund of
$50000O to Start Memorial
Work.

Powerful political influences at the
Capitol are being exerted to prevent
the House Appropriations Committee
from appropriating the s500,0oo asked
by President Roosevelt and the Budget
Bureau to start work on the 100000
Thomas Jefferson Memorial
Chairman Taylor is said to be
sympathetic to this plea since he is
now asking members of the commit
tee to hold down on relief appropria-
tions in view of the Presidents mes
sage of yesterday.
Taylor declined today to discuss this
question, stating it is a matter for
executive consideration and decision
by the committee
Other prominent members of the
committee and the House strongly
intimated the appropriation will not
be made unless word comes directly
from the President that he particularly
wishes this s5oo,ooO appropriation not
withstanding his economy message.
Evening star., 1937-04-21
DAYllGHT-SAVING TIME
FOR D. c. ASKED IN BILL
Sacks Measure Would Force Capt.
tai to Follow Other East
ern Cities.

A bill designed to force the Dis
trict to so on daylight-saving time
schedule. along with a number of
other cities in the Eastern part Of
the country, was introduced today by
Representative Sacks, Democrat, of
Pennsylvania.
Sacks said he had discovered there
is considerable sentiment here in favor
OF daylight saving and he believes it
would be welcomed by thousands Of
employees in the Government service
as well as those in private employ
ment
Sacks is a member of the House
District Committee and represents a
section Of Philadelphia, which, along
with New York, Boston and a num-
Der of Pennsylvania cities, operate on
a daylight-saving schedule from the
last Sunday in April through the
last Sunday in October.
Washington had daylight-saving
time during the war period The
act, however, was repealed by the
Sixty-sixt Congress.
Evening star., 1937-04-21
FIVE BOMBINGS LAID
TO CHICAGO LABOR
Union Troubles Ascribed as Cause
as Creamery, Club and Two
Homes Are Blasted.
By the Associated Press

By the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, April 21.-Explosion of
bombs in the doorways of two South
Side dwellings early today brought to
five the number of bombings in the
metropolitan district within the space
of few hours.
Police ascribed labor troubles as the
probable cause of at least four of
the blasts, none of which caused in
juries or extensive damage
A home in suburban Wilmette and
the Lake Shore Country Club in
suburban Glencoe were bombed last
night. Both were being renovated by
the same firm, police said
A bomb tore hole in the roof of
the Kedzie Creamery Co. plant and
two others damaged the homes of Of
ficials of the International Union OF
Operating Engineers. Occupants Of
the dwellings were shattered with win
dow glass.
Evening star., 1937-04-21
Joilbreak Attempt Foiled
after Prisoner Forces Bars
Man Held in Long List
of Crimes Tries to
Escape.

Deputy marshals in Police Court to-
day foiled an attempted jail break
by Raymond S. Sutton "a, who is
wanted in at least three Eastern
cities for a series of robberies, house
breakings and automobile thefts.
Sutton had been put in the cell
block to await a removal hearing to
Philadelphia on charges of robbery
and violation of parole He broke
off half of the seat in the cell and
used it to force three window bars
out of place. He was about to climb
through the window into the court
yard when discovered by marshals.
The marshals reported they sub
dued him only after a violent strug-
gle. He was taken in handouts be-
fore Judge John P Mcmahon, who
continued the hearing until tomor-
row.
Sutton was captured about 10 days
ago by members of the automobile
squad, who said he drew a gun on
them. He was riding in a stolen car
at the time, police said, and had two
guns in his possession.
Evening star., 1937-04-21
Summary of Today's Star

Page. Page.
Amusements- BIS Radio .-----A-14
Comics ----- C-6 Society ----- B-3
Editorials A-10 Short Story BIO
Financial -A-15 Sports .C-l-2-3
Lost & Found A-3 Woman's Pg. CA
Obituary --A-12
STRIKE SITUATION.
PILOT" by Hepburn and G. M. G.
charged by union aide. Page Al
Bargaining overtures with Ford may
be delayed until Fall. Page Al
FOREIGN.
Madrid bombing toll may be 100
dead. Page Az
NATIONAL.
Democratic leaders fight efforts to
boost relief funds. Page Al
Maritime Commission privileged to
certify 923 employees. Page Az
Democrats of Nation mourn w. Forbes
Morgan. Page Az
Attorneys for Denhardt seek to delay
trial. Page AZ
Treasury searching for cheapest terms
to borrow money. Page Al
Clark Gable returns to testify in fraud
trial. Page Az
Four-departn e1t supply bill sent to
conference by Senate. Page AS
WASHINGTON AND VICINITY.
$40 tailors halt work in first c. l. o.
supported strike here. Page Al
D. A. r. opposes Roosevelt court pro-
posals. Page Al
Rhodes jurors resume deliberations in
forgery trial. Page Al
Ted Creech to be arraigned today on
perjury charge. Page Al
Accident victim in crash on way to
hospital dies. Page "A
Government to give further details of
alleged blackmail plot. Page B.
Fight over abattoir project is shifted
to Congress. Page B-1
City manager form of government be-
ing considered for D. c. Page B-l
Commissioners urge ban on transfer
OF liquor licenses. Page B-l
Evening star., 1937-04-21
TREASURY SEEKS
CHEAPEST Cash;
TAXPLAN STUDIED
S50,000,00O Borrowing
ProgramWiII Be Continued,
Is Indication.
TIGHTENING OF LEVIES
"LOOPHOLES" STUDIED
Move Aimed at Bringing Income
Closer to Expenses-Sales
Tax Advocated.
BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND
Disturbed by tar revenues ,ohich
hate fallen beloD estimates, Treas
ury Department has launched oper-
dtions for borrowing $4,000 900
Deekly tor 1Oorking capital in an
ticipution OF third-Quarter tar re-
turns.
At same time, talk has cropped
up in Capitol on possibilities OF ney
tar legislation, if not this year then
surely during the nert session OF
Congress.
Es the Associated Press.
The submission of President Roose-
velt's revised budget message started
the Treasury today on a search for
the cheapest terms to borrow money
and for methods to tighten the tax
system to bolster future income.
First, however, fiscal spokesnen
predicted, an already launched pro-
gram of borrowing s5O,0o0,o0o week
would be continued until 100000, 900
has been obtained.
They said they would have to deter
mine by June Is whether to continue
borrowing on short-term bills or turn
to longer time bond issues for future
funds. On that date about $780,
100000 of discounted bills issued in
March will come due.
Originally it had been expected
these bills would be paid out of tax
receipts for the second quarter of the
year, but authorities said today this
would be prevented, because revenues
were not coming up to expectations.
The same problem will arise Sep
tember IS, they believe, when the
Government will have to pay back the
money it is now borrowing in $50
100000 weekly chunks.
short-Term Bills Decision.
y The unsettled state of the market
for Government bonds in recent weeks
apparently led to Secretary Morgen-
thaus decision to issue short-term
bills to tide the Treasury over for the
rest Of this fiscal year.
President Roosevelt's message yes
terday showed the net deficit, esti-
mated last January at s2,248, 128,OOO
would be increased by 5000 1000, 900
through failure of tax collections to
match up with forecasts.
Additional borrowing before July l
Is expected to push the public debt to
a new peak Of s35, ,335 900, ,ooo-s1, $751;
100000 over last July l.
In the fiscal year beginning July
the Treasury must prepare to pay off
$2,466 100000 of notes coming due,
lSee FINANCES. Page A-5l
Evening star., 1937-04-21
WEALTHY WIDOW
COMMITS SUICIDE
Mrs. Julia T. Waterman, SO,
Found Drowned in Bath.
tub-Left Note.

Mrs. Julia T. Waterman, 68, wealthy
widow, was found dead this morning
in the bathtub of her apartment in the
Brighton Hotel, 2l23 California street.
Death was due to drowning, according
to Coroner A. Magruder Macdonald,
who issued certificate of suicide.
DR.. Macdonald said Mrs. Water
man had taken a strong sedative,
which may have put her to sleep
shortly before death The tub was
filled with water.
A note, apparently meant for her
daughter. Mrs. George Y. Worthing-
ton, jr.. 2122 LIE Roy place, whose hus-
band is a prominent real estate man,
(See SUICIDE, Page A-5)
Evening star., 1937-04-21
Fan, IS, Seeks
Opener Seats
Next Is Years
CarOIinian Has Not
Missed One Since
He Was IS.

By the Associated Press.
GREENvILLE, S. c., April 2l.-A.
3. Pap) Scruggs, who hasn't missed
seeing the Washington Mats open their
home season since he was IS years old
(he's IS now), disclosed today he had
asked owner Clark Griffith to reserve
him seat at openers for the next IS
years
Pap" came home yesterday from
his twentieth straight annual 1000
mile trip "just to see the Mats"
The Mats lost to the Athletics Mon
day, but they looked powerful good"
to him. Pap" said.
Evening star., 1937-04-21
YOUTH, Is, GETS LIFE
FOR SHOOTING GIRL
Killed Her to Watch Her Fall"
Witnesses Say at the
Trial.
By the Associated Press,

By the Associated Press.
SOPERTON, Ga, April 21.-Six-
teen -year-old Bill Calhoun was under
a life sentence today for fatally
wounding l4-year-old girl to watch
her fall
State witnesses at the trial said
young Calhoun was returning from a
hunt when he stopped near the home
OF Birdie Lee Darley, rested his 22-
caliber rife on fence and shot the
girl after telling companions to
watch her fall"
Evening star., 1937-04-21
AID FUND BOOST
EFFORT ATTACKED
Democratic Leaders Seek to
Prevent Increase From
S1,50O,OOO,OOO.


Mayor hurdle in Way OF budget
balancing BY NeW Deal has been
tremendous burden OF Federal
financed public relief.
After leaving figure out OF early
budget estimates tor coming fiscal
year, President Rooseuelt this ueek
set $500, 100000 as necessary
amount, thereby touching of heat
ed controversy in both directions.
Under pressure OF organized Mayors
and Governors, one congressional
faction tdUors higher appropria-
ton; another faction, prompted by
economy, taUors decreased appro-
priations.
BY the Associated Press
Democratic leaders. needing Presi
dent Roosevelt's plea for economy
today resisted efforts of two groups
OF Representative to boost next year.
relief funds far above his recon-.
mendation of ,500,OOO,O0O
Representative Maverick. Demo.
crat, of Texas, invited more than G
score of his colleagues to discuss the
possibility of increasing the appropria
ton by s900,0000O0 Representative
Boileau, Progressive. of Wisconsin
said the House liberal bloc" woulc
try to raise it to 100000 900.
Administration chieftains, besides
forecasting defeat for these proposals
expressed certainty they could stor
efforts of other Senate and House
members to cut Mr. Roosevelt's re.
quest by a third.
Speaker Bankhead indicated The
leaders were ready to put on the
pressure to block all bills-except
those of the utmost importance
which would authorize extra appro.
priations.
The President, Furthermore, said G
measure probably would be offered tc
let him withhold from Federal de.
partments appropriations which ht
considered unnecessary.
He wanted to keep the relief func
fSee PEIIFE pace Ad1
Evening star., 1937-04-21
By the Associated Press.

by tne ASSOClateu IIcSh.
BRIDGETON, N. j., April 81.
Swarms of sea gulls headed inland
today as allies to New Jersey farmers
in their 15-year war against the
Japanese beetle.
What tempted the birds away from
the ocean and their fish diet was
their greater relish for the beetle
grubs turned up by plows on Cum
berland County farms.
When full grown in June the
armored bugs start to eat everything
in sight, particularly the corn and
tomato harvest. In spite of arsenic,
kerosene and tobacco dust, the in
sects fatten and raise large families
to attack the following years crops.
The gulls' interest In the beetles was
discovered by Francis A. Raymoley,
county agricultural agent, who said
they came first by the hundreds and
Evening star., 1937-04-21

VATICAN CITY, April 81 Pl.-
Pope Plus XI. looking tired, but we'll
otherwise. gave audiences today to
$50 newlyweds and $50 French pill
grims. after denying himself to visitors
for two days on instructions of his
physician.
Evening star., 1937-04-21
BY X. X. KAWAkAMI,
Noted Japanese Journalist.

ROME, April2l (N.ANAD "Arme-
ment limitation is possible; armament
reduction, no."
These clear-cut words came from
Benito Mussolini as I told him that
President Roosevelt had evidently
been studying the European situation
with view, eventually. to calling an
international conference for peace
through disarmament.
In II Duce's opinion, it was not i'm
practicable to limit armament, but the
Evening star., 1937-04-21
Es the Associated Press.

Es the Associated Press.
OSHAWA, Ontario, April al
Hugh Thompson, United Automobile
Workers organizer in charge of the
Canadian General Motors strike. &C
cused Premier Mitchell Hepburn and
General Motors officials today Of con-
spring to break the strike"
Thompson made this accusation
when he heard that a committee of
strikers had gone to Toronto this
morning to meet the premier and
Harry J. Carmichael, vice president
and the general manager of General
Motors of Canada, Ltd.
The committee was the same one
the premier received yesterday after
noon, Thompson said.
The premier, after talking to the
committee, said he was confident ma
jority of the 300 strikers were ready
to go back to work and abandon the
John l.. Lewis union.
Meanwhile, without explanation,
Homer Martin, head of the c. I. o.
affiliated United Automobile Workers
of America, put off plans to come here
and cake command of strike strategy.
He remained in Washington, attend
(see LABOR, Page A-5.)
Evening star., 1937-04-21
MATS RAINED OUT

Will Resume Series With New
York Tomorrow.
NEW YORK, April 21.-Rain to-
day forced postponement of the Ma
tionals' game with the New York
Yankees
The clubs are scheduled to play
here tomorrow.
Evening star., 1937-04-21
BATKGROUND-

oASA olOCND
Carrying his struggle for porld
peace into the Uorld stage after
Buenos Aires conference for the
consolidation of peace in the West
ern Hemisphere, President Roose-
pelt has been reported studying a
neD tDorld conference to link dis
armament and economics.
World Disarmament Conference
Jailed in 1888 after departure OF
Germany from Genera and Inter
national Economic Conference the
same year Dds deadlocked as result
OF American refusal to stabilize its
currency in the face OF the admin
istrdtton driue for eleUation OF the
domestic price lepel.
Evening star., 1937-04-21
MADRID SUFFERS
WORST SHELL|NC
$50 Dead Amid Debris and
Chaos of Direct ArtiI-
Iery Hits.
BACKGROUND


Pressing bitter offensive into
the heart OF the Teruel iron mines
Spanish government troops gained
control OF an important communi-
cation center bet,Ueen Teruel and
Zdragoza in the reported capture OF
Celddas, 10 miles northwest OF
Teruel.
Evening star., 1937-04-21
HEPBURN-G. N. c.
PLOT IS CHARGED
BY j. A. v. AIDE
Organizer Sees Effort to
Break Canada Strike
by "Conspracy."
COMMITTEE CONFERS
AGAIN WITH PREMIER
Martin, Head of C. I. 0. Affiliate,
Puts Off Going to Oshawa to
Direct Strategy.
BACKGROUND

Almost three months after peace
Jul settlement OF General Motors
strike United Automobile Workers
OF America encountered trouble
tDhen strike DaS called in Canadian
plants OF G. M. at OShdDa. Premier
Hepburn announced he Would toll
crate no inuasion OF Ontario by
John l.. LeDis' Committee tor In
dustrial Organization Peace plan
Offering 1Dage and hour concessions
1oas Dorked out by management,
but local OF U. A. w. rejected it be-
cause it did not meet their demands
TOR union recognition.
Evening star., 1937-04-21
STEAMER in TOW
Ship That Lost Propeller Is on
Way Toward Florida.

"dJ ~ " III u 1O1 1Uns
JACKSONVILLE, Fla. Aprn 81
P).-The Coast Guard cutter Vigilant
took the disabled steamship Ell Isleo in
tow today and started toward the ST.
Johns Light.
The steamship, en- route from Nor
folk for Houston, lost her propeller $50
miles off the Florida Coast. Radio
messages today reported no danger.