davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1937-06-04
CHAIN STORES

In one of the best business centers of
The northeast section; two adjacent stores.
Total lease $4,000 per year. Also north
east chain store leased for 81 $50 per
year Can Mr.. Porter
ROBT. L. McKEEVER CO., INC.
ShOreham Bldg Nail 4 = 30
Evening star., 1937-06-04
SUBURBAN PROPERTY FOR SALE.


lot and beautiful trees; $1,000; terms,
ehorsb eehboreb N; "a E 10 CHURCH Reslt0r' Falls
but here is one that is better. Five rooms.
tile bath, breakfast room. full basement.
ssa 0FfS Gocaad sa'f in TSS H6Ro Y % nssjfd
on q wide park St. 55I Goth St. south
A22s huRoRA # H IGGsy HoMEs Res nc tS mGyS Phone
jackson 1s65-1S66. 6'
BARGAIN-l0 LARGE ROOMS. . BATHS,
4 fireplaces. electric refriRerator, range and
shrubbcry in ouict location; j block to
school stores and transportation IN Falls
Church eFG of'"iii Va. aa Pn0"s "N 'hoNoA' rails
IF YOU HAVE $500 TO $4,000 CASH
! have a. real real Virsinia home for you: l, r;
rsoeogmosc c.fsI hath md 1oor large attis room;
Tss snr2bbed 2 srounds half ali
kinds of flowers some fruit trees: two-car
cara, Earases ~ blocks 70 busS. Is minutes to
i4-B S;usr' Star ONCE. fRceee' "''oo' Ao'FeSS BOX
NEW; REDUCED FOR. QUICK SALE; 6
rooms ! baths. bullt-m garage. hot
o,at,g, Watcr heat, 1replace. large kitchen, lin
sulaton: restricted lot s5xl4o: - minutes
from fs ? "a d0WntGWn 0% F H A f1nanesd; now
ton Md, Marlboro l6-F-3l
JUST WHAT YOU WANT OPEN ALI,
day Seven rooms, three baths, recreation
hutt-in garage. tile roof. House is in
hulated and built of brick Located in
AURORA HILLS. VA. LARGE lot, restricted
and choice neighborhood. At 23,2T
South InPe ST. AURORA HILLS HOMES,
INC. Phone: jackson lS65-lS66. 6*
ATTRACTIVE HOUSE. I ROOMS, BATH.
h,.W.h., open tireplace, basement garage.
ton; convenient to bus. schools, stores:
Is minutes to heart of city. Priced to
Va -
Evening star., 1937-06-04
GARAGES FOR RENT
TRAIlERS FOR SALE

145G RHODE ISLAND AVE. NV.
iRearp
Natl
Evening star., 1937-06-04

OLDSMOBuE ''S' 1896 5-pass. touring
coupe, driven very little, by prominent
large bullt-in trunk fine tires SpotleSs
inside, smooth. powerful motor; we invite
your most careful inspection S745.
POhanka Service. 1926 Goth st, W.
District gl4l.
Evening star., 1937-06-04

CHRYSLER 1875 4-dCor sedan PANT
tires. motor and general condition Will
please The most Crlt.Ca! buyer, priced low
at $50. L. p. SeAa!t, Inc. 1879 l4th
Evening star., 1937-06-04

HUDSON "S'' 1884 de luxe coupe: RADIO.
Lincoln IO5g0 Ant 1OS
Evening star., 1937-06-04

LINCOLN passenger custom built
coupe. cost over 81 10000, appearance and
condition proves the very best of care
driven only 10000 miles BY one owner;
will sacrifice for $3.50 90; terms considered
Mrs. Whitney. 1919 Park rd Apt. l01. D.
Evening star., 1937-06-04
BAY RIDGE

BEAUTIFUL BUNGALOW. rooms and
bath. completely furnished: garage ana
large well-shaded lot; splendid location.
Owner must have cash and will sell at
real bargain VIM. H LANHAM. 14lo H
ST. NV. Natl O36G or Col 50l0.
Evening star., 1937-06-04
49, NET

Six ?-story apartments and corner store
with apartment above. Prominent corner
ne. Total rental s. 400. Very low rents
For further information call Mr Tibbets
ROBT. L. MckEEVER CO., INC.
The Washington times., 1937-02-05

lightened some years ago by au-
thorizing the court, in it's discre-
ton, to refuse to hear appeals in
many classes of cases. This dis
cretion was so freely exercised
that in the last fiscal year, al
though 867 petitions for review
were presented to the Supreme
Court, it declined to hear TIT
cases.
If petitions in behalf of the Gov.
ernment are excluded, it appears
that the court permitted private
ItigantS to prosecute appeals in
only 108 cases out of 8O3 applica.
tionS. Many of the refusals were
doubtless warranted. But can it
be said that full Justice is achieved
when a court is forced by the sheer
necessity of keeping up with its
business to decline, without even
an explanation, to hear 81 per cent
Of the cases presented to it by
private litigants?
1t seems clear, therefore, that
the necessity of relieving present
congestion extends to the enlarge.
ment of the capacity of all the
Federal courts.
The Washington times., 1937-02-05

at the age Of "a. A number OF
states have recognized it by pro
viding in their constitutions for
compulsory retirement of aged
judges.
Life tenure of judges, assured by
the Constitution, was designed to
place the courts beyond tempta-
tions or influences which might
impair their judgments. 1t was
not intended to create a static
Judiciary. A constant and syste-
matte addition of younger blood
will vitalize the courts and better
equip them to recognize and apply
the essential concepts of justice in
the light of the needs and the
facts of an ever-C changing world.
1t is obvious, therefore, from
both reason and experience, that
some provision must be adopted,
which will operate automatically
to supplement the work of older
judges and accelerate the work
of the cn11rt
The Washington times., 1937-02-05
MORE SPEED AND EFFICIENCY
IN HANDLING CASES IS AIM

'1799, changes have been made by
the Congress whereby the mum
bers of judges and the duties of
judges in Federal courts have
been altered in one way or an
other. The Supreme Court was
established with six members OF
1888; it was reduced to five in
1901; it was increased to seven
in 1907; it was increased to nine
in 1887; it vas increased to ten
in 1868; it was reduced to seven
in 1866; it was increased to nine
in 1869.
The simple fact is that today a
new need for legislative action
arises because the personnel of
the Federal judiciary is insuffi-
cient to meet the business before
them. A growing body Of our
citizens complain of the complex
ties, the delays, and the expense
of litigation in United States
courts.
A letter from the Attorney Gen
eral, which I submit herewith, JUS
titles by reasoning and statistics
the common impression created by
our overcrowded Federal dockets-
and it proves the need for addi.
tional judges.
The Washington times., 1937-02-05
Many Aged Judges

A part Of the problem of obtain.
ing a sufficient number of judges
to dispose Of cases is the capacity
Of the judges themselves. This
brings forward the question of
aged or infirm iudges-a subject
OF delicacy and yet one which re.
quireS frank discussion.
In the Federal courts there
are in all 237 life-tenure perma-
nent judgeships. Twenty-Five of
them are now held by judges
over 10 years Of age and eligible
to leave the bench on full pay.
Originally no pension or retire
ment allowance was provided by
the Congress.
When after 80 years Of our
national history the Congress
made provision for pensions, 1t
found a well-entrenched tradition
among judges to cling to their
posts, in many instances far be-
yond their years Of physical or
mental capacity. Their salaries
were small. AS with other men,
responsibilities and obligations
accumulated. No alternative had
been open to them except to at
tempt to perform the duties Of
their offices to the very edge Of
the grave.
In exceptional cases, of course,
judges, like other men, retain to
an advanced age full mental and
physical vigor. Those not so fortu-
nate are often unable to perceive
their own infirmities. "They seem
to be tenacious of the appearance
Of adequacy" The voluntary re-
tirement law of 1869 provided,
therefore, only partial solution.
That law, still in force, has not
proved effective in inducing aged
judges to retire on a pension.
This result had been foreseen in
the debates when the measure was
being considered. It was then pro-
posed that when a judge refused
The Washington times., 1937-02-05

Modern complexities call also
for a constant infusion of new
blood in the courts, just as it is
needed in executive functions of
the Government and in private
business. A lowered mental or
physical vigor leads men to avoid
an examination of complicated
and changed conditions. Little by
little, new facts become blurred
through old glasses fitted, as it
were, for the needs of another gen.
GRAFTON; older men, assuming that
the scene is the same as it was in
the past, cease to explore or in
quire into the present or the
future.
We have recognized this truth
in the civil service of the nation
and of many states by compelling
retirement on pay at the age of 10.
We have recognized it in the
Army and Navy by retiring officers
The Washington times., 1937-02-05
Urges More Judges

I, therefore, earnestly recon-
mend that the necessity of an in
crease in the number of judges
be supplied by legislation provid-
ing for the appointment of addi-
tional judges in all Federal courts,
without exception, where there are
incumbent judges of retirement
age who do not choose to retire
or to resign.
If an elder judge is not in fact
1ncapacltated, only good can come
from the presence of an additional
judge in the crowded state Of the
docketS; If the capacity of an elder
judge is in fact impaired, the ap-
pointment of an additional Judge
is indispensable. This seems to
be a truth which cannot be con.
tradicted.
I also recommend that the Con-
gresS provide machinery for tax
ing care Of sudden or Iong-stand.
ing congestion in the lower courts,
The Supreme Court should be
given power to appoint an admin
1strative assistant who may be
called a proctor. He would be
charged with the duty of watch.
ing the calendars and the busi-
ness of all the courts in the Fed.
eral system. The chief justice
thereupon should be authorized to
make temporary assignment of
any circuit or district Judge here.
after appointed in order that he
may serve as long as needed III
any circuit or district where the
courts are in arrears.
The Washington times., 1937-02-05
The teTt OF President RooSe-
Delt'S message on reorganization
of the judiciary tolloiDS::

The teTt of President RooSe-
Delt'S message on reorganization
of the judiciary tollotUS:;
To the Congress of the United
States:
have recently called the at
tention of the Congress to the clear
need for a comprehensive program
to reorganize the administrative
machinery of the executive branch
Of our Government. I now make
a similar recommendation to the
Congress in regard to the judicial
branch of the Government, in or
der that it also may function in
accord with modern necessities.
The Constitution provides that
the President shall from time to
time give to the Congress infor-
nation Of the State of the Union,
and recommend to their consld.
Grafton such measures as he shall
Judge necessary and expedient." !"
No one else is given similar man
date. 1t is, therefore, the duty
of the President to advise the Con-
gress in regard to the judiciary
whenever he deems such informa-
ton or recommendation necessary.
I address you for the further
reason that the Constitution vests
in the Congress direct response
bility in the creation of courts and
judicial offices and in the formu-
lation of rules of practice and
procedure. 1t is, therefore, one Of
the definite duties of the Congress
constantly to maintain the effec-
tive functioning Of the Federal
judiciary.
The judiciary has often found
itself handicapped by insufficient
personnel with which to meet a
growing and more complex busi.
ness. It is true that the physical
facilities Of conducting the buSi-
ness of the courts have been greatly
improved, in recent years, through
the erection of suitable quarters,
the provision of adequate libraries
and the addition of subordinate
court officers. But in many ways
these are merely the trappings Of
judicial office. They play a minor
part in the processes of justice.
The Washington times., 1937-02-05
Opposes Court Delay

Delay in any court results In
injustice.
It makes lawsuits a luxury
available only to the few who can
afford them or who have property
interests to protect which are suf.
ficiently large to repay the cost.
Poorer litigantS are compelled to
abandon valuable rights or to &C
cept inadequate or unjust settle
mentS because Of sheer inability
to finance or to await the end Of
long litigation. Only by speed
ing up the processes of the law
and thereby reducing their cost,
can we eradicate the growing i'm.
preston that the courts are
chiefly a haven for the well-to-do.
Delays in the determination of
appeals have the same effect.
Moreover, if trials of original &C.
tions are expedited and existing
accumulations of cases are re-
duced, the volume of work imposed
on the Circuit Courts of Appeals
will further increase.
The attainment Of speedier
justice in the courts below will
enlarge the task of the Supreme
Court itself. And still more work
would be added by the recon-
mendation which I make later in
this message for the quicker de-
termination of constitutional ques-
tions by the highest court.
Even at the present time the
Supreme Court is laboring under
a heavy burden. It's difficulties
in this respect were specifically
The Washington times., 1937-02-05
Much Energy Needed

With the opening of the Twen-
tieth Century, and the great in
crease of population and COM
merce, and the growth of more
complex type of litigation, similar
proposals we're introduced in the
Congress. To meet the situation,
in 1918, 1914, 1915 and 1916 the
Attorneys General then in office
recommended to the Congress that
when a district or circuit judge
failed to retire at the age of 10
an additional judge be appointed
in order that the affairs of the
court might be promptly and ade-
quately discharged.
In 1919 a law was finally passed
providing that the President may
appoint additional district and cir.
cult judges, but only upon a find
ing that the incumbent judge over
10 "is unable to discharge eff
GENTLY all the duties of his office
by reason of mental or physical
disability of permanent charac-
ter" The discretionary and in.
definite nature of this legislation
has rendered it ineffective. No
President should be asked to de-
termine the ability or disability of
any particular judge.
The duty of a judge involves
more than presiding or listening
to testimony or arguments. It is
well to remember that the mass of
details involved in the average of
law cases today is vastly greater
and more complicated than even 20
years ago. Records and briefs
must be read; statutes, decisions,
and extensive material of tech
nical, scientific, statistical and &C.
onomic nature must be searched
and studied; opinions must be for
mulated and written. The modern
tasks Of judges call for the use Of
fII1l arer0ieS
The Washington times., 1937-02-05
NeU Blood in Courts

ull energies,
The Washington times., 1937-02-05
Problem for Congress

Since the earliest days of the
Republic, the problem of the per-
sonnel Of the courts has needed
the attention of the Congress.
For example, from the beginning,
over repeated protests of Presi-
dent Washington, the Justices of
the Supreme Court were required
to ride circuit" and, as Circuit
Justices, to hold trials throughout
the length and breadth of the
land-a practice which endured
over q century.
In almost every decade since
The Washington times., 1937-02-05

do not suggest any form of COM
pulsory retirement for incumbent
judges. Indeed, those who have
reached the retirement age, but
desire to continue their judicial
work, would be able to do so under
less physical and mental strain
and would be able to play a use
full part in relieving the growing
congestion in the business of our
courts. Among them are men of
eminence and great ability whose
services the Government would be
loath to lose.
If, on the other hand, any
judge eligible for retirement
should feel that his court would
suffer because of an increase in
The Washington times., 1937-02-05
Text Presidents Message Congress Proposing Changes Federal Courts

its membership, he may retire or
resign under already existing pro-
visions Of law If he wishes so to
do. In this connection let me say
that the pending proposal to ex-
tend to the Justices of the Su-
preme Court the same retirement
privileges now available to other
Federal judges, has my entire ap-
proval.
One further matter requires i'm
mediate attention. We have wit
messed the spectacle of conflicting
decisions in both trial and appel
late courts on the constitutionality
of every form of important legisla-
Continued on Page 35, Col. y
The Washington times., 1937-02-05
Not Compulsory

I attach a carefully considered
draft of a proposed bill, which, if
enacted, would, I am confident,
afford substantial relief. The
proposed measure also contains a
limit on the total number Of
judges who might thus be ap-
pointed and also a limit on the
potential size Of any one of our
Federal courts.
These proposals do not raise any
issue of constitutional law. They
The Washington times., 1937-02-05

to retire upon reaching the age Of
70, an additional judge should be
appointed to assist in the work of
the court. The proposal passed
the House but was eliminated in
the Senate
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-12-13

Christmas. You've all helped out ir other years and this year the need is even greater.
 Hundreds of Families
 There are hundreds of families, your neighbcrs, your good but un- fortunate neighbors, who will not have enough for real Christmas dinner this year. Times are not what they might be, you've heard your parents remark. Well, they're tougher than that for many a fam fly in Waterbury.
 So, the morning before Christmas, the annual Christmas party of The Democrat, with Manager Edward Fitzpatrick of Poli's putting on the finest show of the year, and the Waterbury Elks cooperating, and Uncle Harry De vorken acting as master of ceremonies will be held at the Loew Poll theater. There will be entertainment unsurpassed by any show you've seen this year There will be vaudeville and the finest comedies that the screen has been able to manufacture.
 There will be a chance for your children to do your bit towards making the Christmas spirit a very real and practical spirit here in Waterbury.
 Pay in Food
 As in other years, all that you need for admisslon to this great show is some article of food, not1- perishaple food, of course. This food, in other years sutrcient to till several trucks, will be distributed ux1- der the dtrecrion of the Eiks' com mittee that same afternoon to inc sure the many needy families in town of real Christmas dinner.
 It IS your chance to be santa Claus" in the finest sense that the spirit of Christmas allows. And, besides, you will attend the great- est show in the history of Water bury as a part of doing that good deed which is typically American lending a hlping hand to the un- fortunate leighbor.
 You may not know 1t, but there are families not too far from every section in which you children live who are looking at Christmas today with wistful eyes, hungry eyes, with realization that the children in their tenement homes cannot have even the sufficiency of food which the Christmas season is supposed to indicate. Let alone, the toys, the many nice things which happen when family joins for celebration of the years greatest fete.
 Remember this, when you go to sleep tonight. Remember, that there are those unfortuante children who will have no Christmas dinner if you do not help.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-12-13
U. OF V. RIFLEMEN
 REGISTER VICTORY
Waterbury Student, M. L. Thibault, Jr., on Win.
 ming Team, Scores 265

Burlington, Vt., Dec. l3-Rhode Island State College, Kingston, R. l., last years winner of the Hearst Trophy match, in which the Uni- versity of Vermont finished second, in the National Rifle Association, New England League, turned in a total score of 1264, according to of- ficial advices received today Major J. E. Gillfillan's University of ver- mont rifle team consequently lines victory against them in the first match Of the season for the local bulls eye artists. who with ten men shooting, high five to count, made 1925 points.
 Local shooters whose scores con- tributed to the final result were A. B. Meservey, Bradford, N. H., 276; A. Schwartz, Brooklyn, N. Y., 272; w. M. Griffin, Hackensack, N. J., 267; M. L. Thibault, Jr., Waterbury, 265; A. R. Williams, Underhill, 245. Others who fired in this match were A. M. Cate, Plainfield; F. B. Mack, Dover, Del; D. A. Grady, Burlington; A Pesarik, Windsor; H. E. Ross, Lyndonville.
 The victory was decisive in the standing and kneeling positions, where Vermont made 37S to Rhode Islands 355, and 440 to 422. Only eight points separated the teams in the prone position.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-12-13
HADASSAH GROUP
 SPONSORS SUPPER

A spaghetti supper and party last night at the Beth-El auditorium un- der the sponsorship of the Henrietta Szold group of Hadassah, was at- tended by 100 persons. Entertain ment included readings by Mrs, Irving Kliger; songs and dances by Lila Klibner. Judith Goldberg, Bar bara Greenblatt, Sandra Levowitz Joyce Ross, Rosalyn Solomon, Dor othy Brewer, Janet Prager, Lois Meyers, Bernice Damsker, Eleanor Collins, Allyne Cohen, Gloria Freed- man, Lila Cooperman, Adrianne Luria and Joyce Schneer.
 Mrs. Clarence Freedman was in charge of the committee and was assisted by Mrs. Arthur Hertzmark, Mrs. Max Matzkin, Mrs. George Peller, Mrs. Harry Baumel, Mrs. Samuel Drubner, Mrs. Benjamin Ozeroff, Mrs. Louis Levin, Mrs. Edward Goldberg, Mrs. David Wal ger, and Mrs. Benjamin Koss.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-12-13

Following an attack upon the intricacies of the state liquor law Prosecuting Attorney William J. Larkin Jr. in the court of common please today, Emil R. Bruneau, operator of a night club on Wat. ertown avenue was fined $26 ana costs on a charge of allowing li- quor and glasses to remain on his. tables after midnight. He paid Q total of $56.10. He pleaded guilty.
 The appeal was from Q city court conviction and fine of $l00 and costs of $l8.44. The charge ap- piled to an incident which oc- cured February 28.
 No Sales Claimed
 Prosecutor Larkin suggested to Judge Miles ?. McNiff that the fine of 925 and costs be imposed saying, We have no evidence that MT. Bruneau made 6 sale of liquor after l2." He continued by saying, We have evidence that on the morning of February 26 there were liquor glasses in evi. dence on the tables of the inn, and this of course $ in violation of the liquor law.
 But what is a restaurant owner going to do when Q customer buys Q drink before l2 o'clock and
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-12-13
Prosecutor Attacks State Liquor Laws

doesn't finish 1t on the stroke of midnight? It's a rather difiicult thing for him to go from customer to customer urging them to hurry their drinks. If e man did that very much he wouldn't have many customers" In conclusion Prose- cutor Larkin said. However the law is there, and 1t must be prosecuted"
 MT. Larkin said that the Bru. iieau bar was closed at midnight.
 License Revoked
 The state liquor control commits sion has already revoked MT. Bruneau's license on the charge.
 Police and state liquor control inspectors were attracted to the Bruneau establishment on Feb- ruary 28 when Harold Cider" Maxwell assaulted and fatally in- jured Harry B. Watts in a fracas early that morning. Maxwell is now serving time in Wethersfeld on a charge of manslaughter aris- ing from the incident. Admins. trators of the Watts estate have sued Bruneau for $l0,000 on the grounds that he was responsible for the death in selling liquor to Maxwell, who was allegedly in- toXicated.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1937-12-13
GurlbO

Six residents of Waterbury are jumbo policyowners of life insur- ance. each owning $50,000 or more, according to an analysis made by The Lincoln National Life Insur. ance Go. of Fort Wayne, Indiana. The amount of insurance held by the local owners of large life in- surance estates totals $482, 900. These substantial policyowners were reported in the prominent patrons number of the Spectator, Arthur r. Hall, president of The Lincoln National Life said.
 'The owners of these large poli- cies are, for the most part, the business leaders of their commu- nity," said MT. Hall. This insur. ance guards the business interests not only of the policyowners but also of employees who know that the sudden death of their business heads would not seriously affect the establishment from which they gain their livelihood"