davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1937-09-18
STOCKS OFF ST TO 81
IN WAVE OF SELLING
U. 5. Steel Closes at 80, Bethle-
hem at 76-Motors
Also Down.

EF the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, September 1s-Shares
tumbled 81 to 81 in the stock market
today as wave Of liquidation found
buyers few and chary.
While there was a light tightening
OF pressure in some sections near the
finish, motor and steel issues gen.
orally ended at their lows for the day.
U. S. Steel closed at $90.12, off $4.25:
Bethlehem was down about as much
at $76, Chrysler lost 1912 at $94.3s,
and Anaconda Copper was $2.75 lower
at $43.
Exceeding the general run of losses
was Allied Chemical, which finished
$12 lower at 1892.
Brokers could ascribe no definite
news item as having q preponderant
effect on trading. Some felt Presi-
dent Roosevelt's renewed insistence on
his program might have had a bear
ish effect, but others asserted Wall
Street already had taken his attitude
for granted and taken position ac-
cordingly.
Evening star., 1937-09-18
NIGHT SCHOOL PLAN
FAILS TO GET ACTION
Education Board Defers Adoption
Of New Teacher Selection
Program for Year.

After brief and stormy session the
Board OF Education today decided to
defer adoption Of new night school
teacher selection plan for a year and
ordered the school officers and Per-
sonnet Committee to make complete
new study of the plan.
The board, acting on a motion Of
fered by Col. West Hamilton, also
voted that appointment of night school
teachers be continued as heretofore.
The board meeting followed a 2h-
hour session of the Personnel Com
mittee, at which protests against the
new selection plan were voiced by a
number of teachers who said they
would not have sufficient time to
qualify under the new requirements
and therefore would not be eligible
for appointment this year.
Evening star., 1937-09-18
BY che Associated Pres.

By che Associated Press.
Fresh outbursts of criticism and
support OF Justice Hugo L. Black, al
legged to be life member of the Ku
Klux Klan, had come today from these
public figures:
l. Republican Chairman John
Hamilton termed it inconceivable that
President Roosevelt would knowingly
have appointed q KlanSman to the
Supreme Court"
2. President Jouett Shouse of the
American Liberty League, which fought
Mr.. Roosevelt's reelection, contended
the President must have known of
Blacks alleged af1liation. It was the
leagues first statement since the 1896
campaign.
3. Senator Connally, Democrat, OF
Texas declared the furor was q ques-
ton OF politics, apparently an effort
to embarrass the President.
4. Senator Glass, Democrat, Of Vir-
ginia, who opposed Blacks confirma-
tion, said he still considers the justice
UNIT regardless OF the Ku Klux Klan
charges"
5. Senator Lee, Democrat, Of Okla
homa termed the Klan charges "onIy
a smoke screen" laid down by persons
who disliked Blacks championship Of
the utilities holding company bill and
wage-and-hour legislation.
Hamilton's statement, more mod
crate than the comments OF some Re-
publican congressman, said:
In an issue Of such seriousness
(See BLACK. Page A-3l
Evening star., 1937-09-18
SAIL CRAFT OPEN
REGATTA TODAY
President to Watch Races
From Yacht-150 Vessels
Await Start.
picture on Page Az

A fleet of some $50 sailing craft OF
all descriptions waited restlessly off
Hains Point today for the starting
gun which will signal the opening
Of Washington's biggest and most
spectacular regatta program.
President Roosevelt will view the
races from his yacht, the Potomac.
1T was announced at the White House.
Accompanying him will be Gov. and
Mrs. Lloyd c. Stark OF Missouri and
Harry Hopkins, relief administrator.
The President planned to board his
yacht at the Navy Yard about half
an hour before the races start. It was
expected he would spend the rest Of
the afternoon on the river, returning
only q few hours before he is scheduled
to leave for Hyde Park
Trim sailing vessels from many
ports will compete over q V-shaped
smile course around Hams Point to-
day and tomorrow for The Evening
Star trophies, while power boats OF
national championship renown will
race over the Potomac next Friday,
Saturday and Sunday for the coveted
Presidents Cup.
An added feature Of the week-long
nautical celebration this year will be
an impressive historical and patriotic
night pageant on the Watergate next
Thursday, when the most dazzling
fireworks display in Washington's
history Is promised by a civic COM
mittee.
With race officials watching from
q 75-foot Coast Guard cutter an
chored in the Georgetown Channel
and thousands Of boating fans view
Ing the events from East Potomac
Park, II classes of sailing vessels will
compete in 80 races today and to-
morrow. Many Of the spectators will
occupy reserved seats in a grand
stand on the shore.
The inaugural sailing race this af-
ternoon will be 20-foot open event
with Galesville and Shadyside we'll
represented. Eleven other races will
follow-the 20-foot restricted class.
albatrosses, 18-foot open, handicap
c, comets, folding canoes, open canoes.
snipes, handicap A, handicap B and
moths.
The races will be run under aus
pices OF the Potomac River Sailing
Association. The Race Committee is
(See REGATTA. Page All
Evening star., 1937-09-18
N ECAUSE A. M. Lohman, Al
X year-old Department of Agri-
culture artist, was never one

N ECAUSE A. M. Lohman, Al
X year-old Department of Agri-
culture artist, was never one
to take dare, Washington
merchants may salvage $25, 900 worth
OF acid-stained plate glass In their
show windows, it was developed today.
With mixture Of pumice stone
paste and an electric buffer Lohman
removed all traces Of hydrofiuoric
acid stains from three show windows
In Georges Radio Store, 814 F. street.
and proved that chemists were wrong
when they reported the plate glass
had been permanently clouded.
AS a result Lohman may have to
spend all his leave from the Agri-
culture Department cleaning windows
OF the approximately so downtown
stores which were sprayed with acid
by vandal or vandals early Tuesday.
Il sort Of got into this on a dare I"
Lohman explained as he paused in his
window polishing. when I saw the
windows. didn't believe the reports
that the stains could not be removed.
So got a rag and some powdered
pumice and rubbed for about is min
utes. The stains began to disappear. !"
Lohman confided his secret to sew
eral merchants, he revealed, but they
were skeptical.
Il told them if they would put their
porters to work, they could clean the
windows, but they replied that the
chemists said 1t couldn't be done.
Finally I offered to clean one window
here just to show that it could be
done.
After I got through, the manager
told me to clean them all. Now I
have been offered other window
cleaning jobs. I'm not q window
cleaner-I'm an artist-but I'm on
leave, so figured might Just as well
occupy my time this way"
Lohman said he had worked at the
Bureau Of Standards for nine years,
and had learned some tricks about
polishing glass there.
Faint ridges where the acid had
eaten in remained in the windows
Lohman had cleaned, but the opaque
stains had disappeared. Lohman lives
at 722 Fifteenth street southeast.
Evening star., 1937-09-18
BY Stan Correspondent OF The Star.


SILVER SPRING, Md, September
l8.-Tickets for improper automobile
tags were issued to approximately $50
residents Of this community and so
more OF the Takoma Park area last
night as the first move in a county,
wide campaign against Maryland
residents operating automobiles on
District tags.
Corpl. James Miller of the State
police Is in charge of the drive. as
sisted in the Silver Spring section by
County Policeman Ira Hoover and in
the Takoma Park district by Town
Policemen Frank Lane and Earl
Thomas.
Owners of machines tagged last
night must appear by tonight at the
Silver Spring or Takoma Park police
| stations, according TO residential juris-
Evening star., 1937-09-18
Pledges in Talk Here to
Follow Constitution in
Contemporary Sense
WARNINGS SOUNDED
BY FOES OVER NATION
Wheeler and Vandenberg Fire
Blasts-Interest Grows in
Presidential Trip West.
TeTt of President Roosepelt's
Constitution day address on page
At.
BY JOHN C. HENRY.

BY JOHN C. HENRY.
President Roosevelt served notice on
the Nation last night that present
policies Of the administration will be
pursued, hastily and within the limita-
tions OF Constitution interpreted in
a contemporary sense" rather than
Realistically.
Plainly, he indicated there is no in
tention on his part to retreat or even
to stand idle In the face Of swirling
controversy and frequent criticism Of
the objectives and the methods Of the
New Deal. His defiant determination
virtually was flung into the faces Of
his critics last night as numbers of
them took the rostrums throughout
the country yesterday and last night
to warn against relationships, in
fringements Of liberties, subversions Of
the Constitution and numerous other
evils.
As the President thus put himself
clearly on record, interest was height
ened IN his announced Western trip,
which is to begin next week. It will
carry him through the home States
OF several Of the most bitter opponents
OF the court reorganization plan.
Presumably, his address OF last night
will serve as q keynote of speeches
and action planned during the COM
ing weeks and months.
Large Crowd Present.
Speaking before thousands of per-
sons clustered In the deep natural
bowl Of the Sylvan Theater, the Presi-
dent paid full homage to our Constitu-
tion, $50 years old yesterday. Glaring
noodlights served only to emphasize
the brilliance OF the nearly full moon
above as the Nations Chief Executive
leaned toward the battery Of micro
phones In order that millions Of listen
ers also paying tribute to our national
charter might hear his words. Oc.
casionally he glanced aloft at the dark.
needle like spire OF Washington Monu-
ment, looming high above the entire
assemblage.
Avoiding specific definition of what
he intends as he purposely painted "a
broad picture" the President sounded
. familiar rallying cry in expressing
the opinion that the resources Of the
Nation can be made to produce q far
higher standard Of living for the
masses If only the Government is in
telligent and energetic In giving the
right direction to economic life."
Ideal Explains Many Thinxs.~
1t is an ideal, he continued. that
makes understandable the demands of
labor for shorter hours and HIGHER
wages, the demands of farmers for a
more stable income, the demands of
the great majority OF business men
Tor relief from disruptive trade prac-
tices, the demands of all for the end
OF that kind Of license, often mis-
termed liberty which permits a hand
ful OF the population to take far more
than their tolerable share from the
rest Of the people"
Pointedly remarking that the course
OF the present Government. his ad-
ministration, is opposing the schools
both OF plutocratic and proletarian
dictatorship as it hews to the line of
democracy, the President spoke with
seeming conviction as he expressed
Evening star., 1937-09-18
Negrin Demands League Aid.

GENEVA, September 18 (R.-Dr.
Juan Negrin, Spanish government
premier, demanded today that the
League of Nations name Germany
and Italy aggressors in Spain and
force an end to their Intervention on
behalf Of insurgents in the Spanish
civil war.
The Madrid-V Valencia "win-the- war
premier" opened debate on foreign
intervention in the civil war before
the League of Nations Assembly with
the declaration that the conflict in
reality has become a war of in
vasion" by Germany and Italy.
DR.. Negrin demanded of the League
on behalf Of his government:
Il. That German-Italian aggres.
sion, Of which Spain has been the vic.
tim, be recognized.
-. In consequence of this recogni-
tion that the League of Nations ex.
anime a means of putting an end u
this aggression.
3. That the Spanish government
once more have the right to acquir,
freely all the war material 1t may con.
slider necessary.
4. That non-Spanish combatant!
be withdrawn from Spanish territory
IS. That measures Of securit,
adopted in the Mediterranean be ex
tended to Spain and that Spain b
assured Of her legitimate participa
ton in them"
Negrin then presented, for Assembl,
consideration, resolution demanding
that the Spanish question be sub
miSted to the League Political Com
mittee Tor study.
Evening star., 1937-09-18

CALENDER, Ontario, September 1a
l4).-Marie, tiniest OF the quints, has
been permitted again to play with her
sisters after having been isolated for
two days with slight indispositiou.
She was fully recovered.
Evening star., 1937-09-18
Snow Falls in Pennsylvania,

KANE, Pa, September Is R).-The
first snow OF the season fell yesterday
on this highest Pennsylvania town,
sending hay fever refugees and towns
folk scurrying for their overcoats.
Flurries continued for two minutes
before changing to rain. Lowest tenn
perature was 48 degrees.
Evening star., 1937-09-18
"Caesarean" Twins Thrive.

POMONA, Calf, September 1s R.-
Seven-pound twin sons born by .
Caesarean operation to Mrs, J. Art
McCanne were reported thriving to-
day. The mother also was doing well.
Evening star., 1937-09-18

SOVIET NORTH POLE CAMP, by
wireless to Moscow, September 18
CP).-The temperature touched Is de-
grees below zero CD here today and
the barometer read 1874 inchex.
Evening star., 1937-09-18
LONDON BELIEVES
LOYAL|ST PLANE
MAY Be ATTACKER
Six Missiles Launched at
Warship, but None
Strikes.
ITALY INVITED TO AID .
WIDENED PIRACY WAR
English Aircraft Carrier Target
Of Torpedo Thursday on
Sub Patrol.
BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND
Nine-po,Der agreement concluded
at Nyon, Switzerland, for var on
piratical submarines in Mediter-
rdneon expanded yesterday at meet
ing OF parties at Geneua to include
iDdrships and aircraft attacking
neutral commercial shipping. Sub
marine attacks ceased abruptly
after Britain and France sum-
n1oned Nyon conference early this
month. Signs OF rene,Oed activity
are present.
~ the Associated Press.
LONDON, September 18.-The Brit
1sh destroyer Fearless reported toda!
to London naval authorities that i
had been attacked at noon yesterda,
by bombing plane off Gijon, Spain
Six heavy bombs fell close to tn.
Fearless, but the destroyer was no.
struck. Having completed the at.
tack, the plane new toward Gijon
leading to belief in London that the
plane might have been a Spanish
government craft.
Gijon Is the governments last i'm.
portant port on the Bay of Biscay
There are nearby concentrations OF
ansargent troops and planes.
The Fearless carried the regulation
identification as a British warcraf,
and in addition the fore gun turret
was painted red, white and blue. The
destroyer has heavy anti-aircraft
armament, but 1t was not disclosed
whether she opened fire on her at
tacker.
Italy Invited Again.
The Nyon powers, formidably backed
by = mighty sea and air armada of
British and French warcraft, invited
italy finally today to accept a minor
role to help stamp out the piratical
attacks on shipping.
Gin Rome copy of the latest
agreement Of the Nyon powers as
well rs the invitation to partici-
pate In their work in the Mediter-
ranean were handed to Count
Galeazzo Ciano, italian foreign
minister. There seemed no doubt
the invitation would be declined.)
Advices from Malta said the British
aircraft carrier Glorious, a unit Of
the immense Anglo-French patrol of
the Mediterranean, narrowly escaped
. torpedo Thursday evening.
"a secret naval inquiry aboard
the Glorious led to a belief that
British naval o1icials were seeking
details of the reported attack.
No ofacial information was forth
coming IS result OF the inquiry,
which was concluded late yesterday,
and authorities evaded direct
questions.)
Franco Accuses Russia.
A news report from insurgent Spain
had Generalissimo Francisco Franco
formally accusing Russia of operating
two pirate" submarines in the Med
aterranean. Communist Russia is one
OF the Nyon signatories.
Malta, Britain's island naval base
and control point of her Mediter-
ranean fleet, blossomed with talk of
Spanish insurgent submarines moving
with Italian and German destroyer
escorts-this apparently founded on
reports Of the crews of two British
destroyers, the Imperial and Shark.
1t was rumored that a contingent
Of British marines was ordered to
leave today on two battle cruisers for
\ landing on the insurgent held island
of Mallorca. Reports of the expedi-
ton to Mallorca were bluntly denied
In London.
Evening star., 1937-09-18
BLACK CASE ST|RS
FRESH OUTBURSTS
Hamilton Believes President
Would Not knowingly Pick
a KIanSman.

The last OF a series of articles by
Ray Sprigle, copyrighted by the
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette and the
North American Newspaper Ali
ance, Inc, containing charges of
Justice Blacks a1tliation with the
Ku Klur Klan, appears on page A-3.
Evening star., 1937-09-18
Charges Anger Moscow.

MOSCOW, September 18 [P).-Dis-
patches to London reporting that In
surgent Gen. Francisco Franco ac-
cused Soviet Russia of submarine
piracy today were Indignantly brpxded
as malicious inventions in unoNcial
Soviet circles.
Onlcials said privately that the re-
ported charges were an attempt to
justify Italian submarine piracy
which will be unmasked before the
League"
Evening star., 1937-09-18
Summary Of Today's Star

Aooe 0 round C-l4 WOman'S Pg. -B-S
WAR IN FAR EAST.
Japanese shells imperil American
Marines patrol. Page Al
Wang to repeat arms ban protest to
Roosevelt. Page Al
Final article by Upton Close on Sino-
Japanese war. Page Al
FOREIGN.
British destroyer bombed off Gijon,
Spain. Page Al
Rightist revolutionary plot barred by
France. Page Az
Austria warned by Pope against Nazi
church policies. Page Az
French border town demands better
defense. Page Ar
NATIONAL.
Outbursts of attack and support con-
tinue In Black case. Page Al
Roosevelt defies opponents in assail-
ing legalistic rule. Page Al
Alabama Klan proceedings revealed
by reporter. Page AS
Green fires new blast ut c. I. o. in
radio address. Page AS
WASHINGTON AND VICINITY.
Artist removes acid stains from down.
town store windows. Page Al
Sailing craft to open regatta program
today. Page Al
Pilots divided on new airport regula-
tions. Page Ar
Roosevelt decides to start Western trip
Wednesday. Page Al
Evening star., 1937-09-18
Decisive Battle Looms.

PEIPING, September 1s DR.
Japanese military authorities an
nounced a triple-headed thrust deep
into the Chinese Central Hopeh
Province lines today pushed the de-
tenders back toward q fortified line
which neutral observers believed would
see the decisive battle Of the sino-
Japanese conflict.
Despite fierce resistance, the jap
anese declared their forces had swept
on past Chochow, the walled city 20
miles south Of Peiping which fell late
yesterday, and taken new positions
along the railway lines south.
The right wing was said to Be 70
miles west of Chochow and the CEN
ter wing at Kuanlichuang, 3 miles
southwest Of the same city.
Evening star., 1937-09-18
Blockade Evasion Charred.

TOXIC, September I8 R.-The
Japanese foreign Office today accused
Chinese vessels Of trying to evade the
Japanese coastal blockade by changing
their registry, thus to gain the protec-
tion Of a neutral flag.
The foreign ONCE statement declared
steps" would be taken to halt the
practice.
Evening star., 1937-09-18
18 Below at North Pole.

(See REGATTA, Page A-8.)
Evening star., 1937-09-18
Marie Dionne Recovered.

(See CONSTITUTION, Page A-9.)
Evening star., 1937-09-18

(See BLACK, Page A-3.)
Evening star., 1937-09-18
WEATHER.

10. 8. Weather Bureau Forecast.)
Fair and somewhat warmer tonight. to.
morrow mostly cloudy and warmer; prob
aoly followed by showers and cooler at
night; fresh winds. Temperatures TODAY
Highest. 81, at noon; lowest. As. At
5:45 am. Full report on page A-s.
Evening star., 1937-09-18

Yesterdays Circulation, l36,07l.
(Some returns not yet received)
Imperial Valley press., 1937-07-19
VINO rs THE MASTER
OF OUR DESTTNTE.S1

Charles A. McCalmon, in a very in
1erestlng and sincere letter, criticizes
our recent editorial of July II about the
prevalence of sex crimes following a
case such as that at Inglewood last
month. His criticism, which we regret
Is too long to print here, is not criti
clsm of the things this column said so
mueh as criticism of the things we did
not say. With Mr.. McCalmon's principal
conclusion, we are heartily in agreement.
We disagree with him in only one place.
Mr.. McCalmon's principal disagree
ment Is with those who attempt to ex-
cuse criminals of any sort on the theory
that they are not responsible for their
actions, that they are the victims of
abnormalities, insanities. lack of oppor-
tunlty, lack of parental care or environ
ment-and that they cannot help what
they do
Speaking of the social individual, Mr..
McCalmon says:
in his education, let us tell him
that he is responsible for his behaviour
regardless of both inheritance and en-
vironment. He CAN either surmount all
their limitations or spurn all their sue
cor"
We had no intention of indicating. if
We did so, that we do not consider the
individual responsible for his actions.
The law makes the same point in the
legal meaning of insanity. Legally, an
insane person Is one who does not know
the right from the wrong. In other words.
to be legally insane a person must not
know that he has done wrong.
We do not believe in pampering Grim
inals of any sort We do not believe in
placing the blame for their crimes else
where than on their own shoulders. We
Do believe most criminalS-those not
actually insane in the legal meaning of
the word, that is-could by the exercise
of self control, born of a strong charac-
ter. have prevented their own crimes.
We do not believe-and here we dis
agree with Mr.. McCalmon = that the
criminal is not operating under "the
clutch of some Unseen force"
All of us, criminal or not, are guided
by some unseen hand.
We do things because we want to, GER
tainly. But WHY do we want to do
them? What makes us want to do one
thing, and not want to do another? You
might pile up a silly sentence. words on
end, by saying that we want to do things
because we want to do them, but in the
end you come back invariably to the
same question:
Why do we want to?
Why do some of us want to be good"
and some of us want to be "bad?"
Above environment, above teaching,
above opportunities, there is some un-
seen force that shapes our character
None of us is wise enough yet to know
what it is.
Imperial Valley press., 1937-07-19
ATTORNEY GENERAL WEBB
OUTLAWS STAR CHAMBER
SESSIONS

Attorney General U. S. Webb, frown-
ing an official frown on secret sessions
of official boards, told the California
board of state medical examiners this
week that Sound policy before such
boards as yours should be open to the
public, unless eXigencies of the case de-
mands otherwise"
The advice would be we'll taken by
many public boards, in Imperial county
as well as elsewhere When public Off
cials attempt TO transact public bust
ness in private, even if there is nothing
wrong, they Immediately become liable
to suspicion of the worst kind The pub
lie is entitled to know its own business.
When a group of officials attempts to
conceal that business, the public is justi
fled in thinking that the business is more
that of the officials than of the public
and that sort of business is dangerous
in public places.