davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana labor news., 1937-03-25
Do Democrats Want Neutrality?

With talk of neutrality in the cir.
audible. despite Supreme Court orotorY,
it is interesting to look back into the 1886
Democratic platform and see Whot Wos
said about keeping the country out OF
Wdr
The Democratic portY pledged "a true
neutrality" 1t promised to "gudrd
dgdinst being drawn by political COM
mitrnents, International banking or pri-
vote trading into dnY wor which mdY
develop anywhere.
The neutrality bills in Congress meet
the menace Of international bonking,
for looms and credits ere denied to no
tons at wdr. A neutrality low cdnnot
cover political commitments directly all
it con do is exert pressure on our diplo-
mats to avoid them
You can guard dgdinst the danger Of
"privdte trdding" drawing us into on
other wdr, but no such protection is pro
vided in either neutrality bill
Neither measure allows dnY embargo
on the sole Of wdr goods to belligerents.
As lonq Qs Wdrring nations hove the
cash, they con buy dnYthing here except
munitions, provided they tdke it dWdY in
their own boats. With billions Of foreign
dollars invested here now, ready to be
turned into cash. q wor boom in Ameri-
cun industries could be under wdY al
most overnight. with the President dnd
Congress powerless to stop it. The
United States would be once more the
arsenal of the world. accepting the
ueocherous profits Of wdr.
Unless amendments bring our neu-
ttffeeflitty city low into line with the platform on
which Fhe Roosevelt administration wds
returned to power, we must conclude
that the Democratic pdrtY hos gone bdck
on the people.
Montana labor news., 1937-03-25
Low Wages Uncovered by Strikes

One Of the usually unnoticed but new
ertheless important results flowing from
strikes is the revelation regarding low
wages paid by many employers in un-
organized industries
A conspicuous example Of these low
wages came to light recently in connec-
ton with q strike Of the employees Of an
underwear manufacturing company in
St. Louis. Mo. An investigation made
otter the women employees walked out
in protest against the wage rates dis
closed thdt the average earnings were
between SIS dnd Sc per week for 50-hours'
work. 1t was also shown thdt many girls
earned even less than this distressinglY
low wage.
This instance Of low wages could be
multiplied hundreds Of times if q notion
wide survey were made. And yet some
columnists qnd many employers seem to
be losing much sleep because Of the pre-
Yelling labor unrest dnd the constant in
crease in strikes.
Montana labor news., 1937-03-25
What Naval Preparedness Would
Mean in Housing

The House of Representatives. with
very little discussion, passed the $685.,
555.000 Naval Supply Bill for the fiscal
year beginning July l. 1887. Naval du-
thorities claim this lorge appropriation is
necessary in order thut the United States
may be prepared to protect our people
from invdsion by foreign powers,
Without indulging in dnY argument
for or against this large appropriation
for bdttleships, cruisers, submarines, de-
stroyers dirpldnes ond numerous other
kinds Of munitions, it is instructive to note
Whdt q like amount Of noneY would do
if devoted to the construction Of housing
for millions of workers in the lOW-inCOme
groups.
Housing authorities estmdte thdt GER
tdin types Of onefdnilY houses con be
constructed for around 81, 900. The NQvol
Appropriation Bill Of $526, ,555, 900 divided
by $4,000 equals 1858. This means
thot the amount carried in the Naval Ap-
preparation Bill would construct l75,5l8
three-thousdnd-dollQr houses.
Taking the usual estimdte Of five to q
fdnlilY these l75,5l8 houses would pro-
vide living accommodations for 877. $50
persons.
According to the United States census
for 1880 Boston hdd q population Of 78l-
1873, Baltimore 804.874 ST. Louis 82l $3.50,
dnd Cleveland 900,429.
1t is thus apparent thdt the money spent
for keeping up our Navy for one year
would provide modest housing Uccom-
moddtions for the low-income groups
equal in number to the average populd-
ton Of either Of these four large cities.
1t will not be dnaiss to give serious con
siderdtion to this comparison when the
Congress of the United States begins the
discussion Of the Wdgner-Stedgall Fed
erul Housing Bill. which hos dlreodY
been introduced in both houses.
Montana labor news., 1937-03-25
CLOSE UPS AND
LONG SHOTS

The motion picture industry,
which boasts of returning box office
prosperity and thinks nothing of pay
ing Marlene Dietrich half a million
dollars for her latest picture,
Knight Without Armour" is
ashamed to admit that it has cut the
wages of its $4,000 registered extras
to $500 per week.
1t is true that the Central Casting
Corporation recently announced that
the total payroll for extras in 1886
was $2,42O, ,453, a reduction of $780,
$40 from 1885, and that the average
paycheck for a days work had
dropped from 1923 to $9O2. But
the Corporation refused to announce
the number of extras on its register,
nor would the Hays office, the trade
papers or the studios open their
mouth on the subject.
Last year, however, the Hays Of
flee said 10000 extras were regis
tered and there is no reason to be-
lieve the number has been reduced.
So the Corporations figures really
mean that the average extra gets
one days work every three weeks
and lives on sunshine the rest of the
time.
Hats off to the newsreel camera
men who are wading waist-deep in
icy water, working 76 hours at a
stretch, flying over raging torrents
with no landing field within miles,
and facing isolation and even death
in order that the public may see
those swell flood pictures. 49,.
Four thousand dollars was raised
to buy gas masks for the civilian
population of Madrid at dinner in
Hollywood at which the principal
speaker was Ralph Bates, English
novelist and one of the leaders of
the famous International Brigade.
Bates was introduced to most of the
great and near great of the film capi-
tai by Donald Ogden Stewart.
William Randolph Hearst has for
hidden his newspaper reviewers to
discuss David Lamson's picture,
Condemned Row" 1t must be good.
And Hitler has banned ''The Little
Colonel" and ''Wives Never Know
because some members of the casts
are Jews
Montana labor news., 1937-03-25

sold it to the public at q profit of $8,000.-
600. According to the testimony the
bankers were not overly careful in pro-
tecting the investing public dgainst in
flated vdlues represented by the securi-
ties. But the transactions brought them
q profit Of S8.000.000.
This ond other unsdvorY fdcts in roll
road finance brought to light by the Sen
ate Committee ore very interesting ond
instructive in illustrating the not dltogeth-
er ethical practices Of underwriters.
which is q technical term used to de-
scribe those financial groups who buy
corporation securities dnd unload them
on q frequently misinformed dnd unsus-
pectng public. which ultimdte = is COM
PEELED to pocket large losses.
The difficulty is thot Government in
veshgdtons Of these transactions. many
Of them questionable. ore usually not
scheduled until years ond years offer the
deals ore consummdted and the losses
Of the people are chlorofouned with the
lapse of time.
Montana labor news., 1937-03-25
Government HaItS Sale Of Coffee Chaff

Further evidence Of the need for tight
ening the Pure Food dnd Drug Lows is
seen in the recent announcement by the
Federal Food and Drug Administration.
thdt coffee chdff. q vdlueless waste
product, is being sold ds q food product
The Administration hos token steps to
holt this practice. one offender being
cdught without opportunity of dlibi,
pleading guilty oad being fined $50.
It is stated the coffee choff is used
chiefly to ddulterdte regular ground cof-
fee. The neforious operations Of the food
rucketeers ore indicated in q statement
by the Food and Drug Administration.
which sdid in port:
A manufacturer hos been furnishing
this ddulterdnt to coffee dealers under
the name Of coffee screenings. The choff
wds purchased from the trade under fic-
titious firm names. After further roasting
and molding in q form resembling
ground roasted coffee, it wds sold back
to the trade under the manufacturers S
real name. The ddulterdtion provisions
Of the low prohibit the sole for food pur-
poses Of this volueless waste product
coffee choff.
Montana labor news., 1937-03-25

KINGS CHILDREN ENJOY
PLAYING CHILDISH GAMES
headline. Wonder if they like to eat
and breathe, too.
Montana labor news., 1937-03-25
The Security Underwriting Racket

The large profits made by banking
concerns in selling railroad securities to
the investing public is revealed by the
testimony before the Senate RdliwuY Fl
nance Committee relative to the activities
Of J. P Morgan & Company in unloading
$5l8.627,0O0 Vm Sweringen securities
over q period Of sixteen years.
The Morgdn firm wds the head Of
syndicate which purchased this vast
amount of VU Sweringen Paper end
Montana labor news., 1937-03-25
each heir to family estate?

each heir to family estate?
Shorter hours may not increase
total wealth, but it will reduce dire
want to millions unemployed. We
abolished the twelve and ten hour
day with no dire results.
Instead of part of us earning all
and dividing up we can all earn our
part and be self supporting.
The only difference between a
free man and slave, the free man
works under rules of agreement, the
slave under an arbitrary master.
A few workers may through per-
sonal favoritism win a place through
the boss, but the system is wrong.
A good dictator is better than a
bad one, but the system is wrong.
A good slave holder was better
than a bad one but the system was
wrong.
Montana labor news., 1937-03-25

Yesterday a writer said our Presi-
dent wanted court that would send
a man to Jail for pressing pair of
pants for 35c instead of 40c.
Why shouldn't he be sent, if that
is the price agreed upon? The fell
low who cuts the price from 40 to
35c loses nothing as he just reduces
the wages Of the sweat shop girl
from 10c to nickel.
The cut-throat method Of price
cutting is simply passed to the cut
throat wage scale of the worker
That's the vicious circle that the sys-
tenn perpetuates.
F. M KIRKINDALL.
Montana labor news., 1937-03-25
REGULATION OF PRICES
IS VERY NECESSARY

A little over a century ago the
first born in the family fell heir to
the family estate.
When the '1aw of entail" was abol-
ished it worked hardship to the
first born.
The oldest could no longer exploit
the others, not even high-hat them.
When we adopt the six hour day
and the four or five-day week it will
work hardship to the worker who
gets eight or ten hours, six or seven
days week.
Isn't every worker entitled to his
share of opportunity as much SO as
Montana labor news., 1937-03-25

Have Union Label tattooed on
your pocketbook as a gentle re-
minder.
Evening star., 1937-05-05

bold, Robert Woods Bliss, Princess
Margaret Boncompagm, Mrs. Freder-
lex Brooke, Mrs. Dwight Davis, Clar-
ence Phelps Dodge, Fred Emery,
Right Rev. James E. Freeman, Wilbur
IaRoe, Frank Nesbit, Mr.. Saccardi,
John Saul, Mary Church Terrell,
/ George w. White and Theodore w.
Noyes.
Organization members: Odell S.
Smith and John Lewis Smith, Board
Of Trade; Miss Nina Kinsella, Business
and Professional Women's Club; Lee
D. Butler, Lee D. Butler, Inc; Mr..
Remon and Charles A. Robinson,
Chesapeake 81 Potomac Telephone Co.
Henry Brawner, sr., Chestnut Farms
Dairy; James E. Collihower, James E
Collifower g. Co.; Newbold Noyes and
Crosby NJ Boyd, Evening Star; William
Roy Valance, Federal Bar Association
Santus link and Aubrey G. Russell
Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co.;
Charles B. Dulcan, ST. and George M
Quirk, the Hecht Co.; Lyle ORourke
Junior Board Of Commerce; Cecil D
Evening star., 1937-05-05

tables were submitted showing the
assets of these men, and the bonds
they had written, indicating the ratio
Of bonds to assets.
Only two of the nine professional
bondsmen on January 81 Of this year,
the report showed, had full coverage
on the bonds pledged. The seven
others had written over the assessed
value Of their property pledged, less
the membranes.
Studying rleas Of mot guilty" the
association staff took Up all cases
which had originated and been tried
by the courts between January /,
1885, and June 30, 1896. There was
a total OF 154 pleas Of not guilty
entered, in which trial was had and
90, or 6O.4 per cent, were found
guilty, while 81, or 1916 per cent, were
found not guilty.
For the same period, the associa-
ton studied the indicted cases and
found q total Of 374 not guilty pleas
were entered. OF this number, 22O.
or $50 per cent, Of the not guilty
pleas resulted in entries Of nolle
prosequi.
Taking up the time involved for
prosecutions, the association found
that the average length of time for
case to be presented to the grand
jury and tried in the courts was from
, seven to eight weeks, but that $40
out of a total of 300 cases, or .43. S
per cent, were tried within five weeks.
The Committee on Institutions and
Prisons, Marcy L. Sperry. chairman,
branded the Jail here as anti
quated" and said there had been con-
siderable discussion about the time in
volved between arrest and final dispo-
sition OF cases." Prior to 1896, it
was pointed out: the District Court was
closed, except for pleas of guilty, dur
ing the Summer, and it was believed
that this accounted for the high popu-
lation OF the Jail The committee in
dicated it would study particularly the
elapsed time from the arrest to the
trial of cases" from the standpoint of
detention"
Officers Are Chosen.
Mr.. Meyer was reelected president
of the association for the next year.
Other officers were named as follows
Mr.. Remon, first vice president; Miss
Ella C. Werner, second vice president:
Joseph E. Rice, secretary, and Vincent
Saccardi, treasurer. The report Of the
8,
by Newbold Noyes.
The board Of directors for the COM
| ing fiscal year was announced as fol-
lows.
Members at large-MrS. Ann Arch
Evening star., 1937-05-05

and has reassigned additional officers
to the Detective Bureau to help elimi-
nate it. These technical" charges
were those not pressed against prison.
ers, who were tried on only q few of
the other charges brought.
Also agreeing that the practice
should be eliminated, United States
Attorney Garnet. Nolan said, had
determined to present to the grand
jury every case in which there was
evidence that the defendant had COM
mitted the offense."
Following conferences on this with
police and the United States attorney,
Nolan reported that out of 691 indict-
ments from September to December
80, ITS true bills were presented In 80
cases. This indicates an average of
As indictments per case in 80 cases,
wherein over period of years there
were only two cases in which persons
were indicted for as many as i've
ofenses.
10 Specific Facts Outlined.
Ten specific facts were outlined as
depicting serious crime in the Dis
trict in 1896.
Introducing these, the report de-
clared, 1T is well to remember that it
is a provable fact that crime in a
given city can be reduced in some
what the same ratio that efficiency in
the administration Of criminal justice
Is increased"
The 10 summarized points were as
follows:
81. 6,S18 felonies or serious crimes
Of the type carried in the associations
tables were reported to the police In
1886.
%. Arrests were actually made IN
2,126 cases, or in 31.2 per cent OF
the cases.
"3. Three hundred and forty-two
Of these arrests, or 16.1 per cent, were
disposed Of in Juvenile Court.
-. One hundred and eighty-seven,
or 88 per cent, were convicted in
Police Court, while 1872, or ST. per
cent, were dismissed in Police Court.
IS. The records in Police Court
also show that Ill, or SO per cent,
were nolle pressed, while no papers
were issued in SO cases, or 2.5 per
cent, making a total of 286, or 1876
per cent, Of the cases actually termin-
ated by discharge in the Police Court.
"6. The grand jury returned in
dictments in 1913 cases, or 90 per
cent, OF the cases presented to it,
while 104, or 8 per cent, were ignored.
"7. OF the 1913 cases indicted,
Evening star., 1937-05-05

Continued From First Page.)

quarrel with it. Necessarily, there
may be various analyses made and diff
ferent conclusions drawn from the sta
tistics
Bail BOndsmens Ratios.
"One of the situations referred to
therein which has recently received
very careful consideration from the
office is that pertaining to bail bonds.
I agree that some fair basis might be
established for determining the ratio
between the liability of bondsmen and
their unmortgaged assets. OF course,
the Police Court has rule that no
bondsman can write bonds in excess
of twice the value of such assets. The
District Court has no such rule on the
subject, but the judges are fully ad-
vised of the current situation of the
tice has recently made study of the
condition here, and, under the date
Of April II, 1887 wrote me as follows:
GAS to the comparative risk in
volved in accepting security in GRIM
inal bonds in the District of Columbia,
a recent investigation made in this
division has disclosed the following
facts which may be Of value to you in
determining the proper limitations and
fixing your regulations to govern the
taking of such bonds.
Prom January l, 1885, to February
%, 1887, bonds were accepted in your
district in 1855 criminal cases. These
bonds ranged in face value from 500
to $4,000, and aggregated total bond
risk Of 81 ,480,500. This total, however,
did not exist in its entirety at any one
time, but IS the total over this period.
The general average OF each bond was
$94760.
One $4,000 Bond Forfeit.
"'Only one bond has been forfeited
during this period. This bond was
for the sum Of $4,000 Cease No.
54,254). The full amount of this for
feiture has been reported collected.
up to the date of February %,
1887, 1921 Of these cases were re-
ported terminated, leaving pa then
pending
"Only one bond has been forfeited
since I have been District attorney
and not collected. The assets Of this
bondsman are now tied up and the
matter is under consideration by the
Department of Justice"
Maj. Brown expressed regret that
he had been unable to attend tho
annual meeting Of the association yes
terday, but said he knew all about
the report of the association.
Help Of Association Mentioned.
II have worked with them and they
with us" he said. "They can help us
all along the line. They follow through
from the report of crime to its dis
position, even to the extent of q re-
port on probation.
II see no reason why such a fair
and impartial group cannot be Of great
help to law enforcement here. Such
a commission has worked successfully
in Baltimore and there IS no reason
why 1t won't work here in Washing
ton"
The invitations to Maj. Brown and
Garnett to address the association will
be sent promptly. 1t was indicated last
Evening star., 1937-05-05
night at the groups annual meeting
in the Willard Hotel

night at the groups annual meeting
in the Willard Hotel
Already excellent cooperation" has
been offered the association by all
public officials engaged in the admins
tration of criminal justice, it was
explained in the annual report, and by
James M. Hepbron of Baltimore, con-
sultant to the Washington association.
Some Reforms Already.
Hepbron, who is director of the
Baltimore Criminal Justice Association
and for some time was acting director
here, emphasized that officials here
not only have co-operated in the In
vestigation OF the past year, but al
ready, without fanfare of publicity"
have put into effect some reforms,
especially attempting to eliminate the
technical arrest" He reviewed the
annual report and called on the public
to back up enforcement omcials in
efforts to stamp out crime.
The suggestion that law enforce
ment officials be invited to address a
meeting of the association soon was
one of several informal proposals made
at the annual meeting yesterday. 1t
came from Clarence Phelps Dodge,
president of the Community Chest.
Hepbron hastened to say Maj Brown
already had attended many meetings
of the association, and no doubt would
be glad to come soon. Eugene Meyer,
president of the association, an
nounced at the close Of the session
that arrangements would be made to
have the officials invited.
Charts and Tables Supplied.
The report contained many charts
and tables Of figures, backing up the
general charge that machinery for
law enforcement here should be made
more effective and efficient.
The low percentage of conviction
for all serious crimes was depicted in
a big chart, showing that out of 6,818
reported felonies in 1886 there were
685 convictions.
Summarizing the results of prose-
cution for major crimes here during
1896, Nolan said the figures showed
convictions were obtained in approxi-
mately one out of three murders, one
out of five aggravated assaults, one
out of 10 robberies, one out Of IL
burglaries and one out of II grand
larcenies. The ratios are to reported
offenses and not to actual arrests.
While expressing appreciation for
cooperation Of enforcement officials
in the inquiry, Nolan disclosed some
unfavorable factors all down the line
police, bail bonds, United States at
torneys Office, institutions and prisons.
"The District has far more serious
crime than is healthy for any COM
munity," he declared. THAT the
machinery for administering criminal
justice can and should be made more
effective and efncient is all too ap-
parent"
Taking up prosecutions, the report
gave considerable attention to the
high percentage of cases nolle
pressed, which in one instance ran as
high as 58.8 per cent Of mot guilty"
pleas In indicted cases.
Two specific improvements already
have been made in law enforcement
quarters here as q result Of the asso-
ciation's action, Nolan reported. Maj.
Brown, has agreed that the practice
Of so-oAllsd willie Pys" arrests, or
technical arrests." was mot good" !"
Evening star., 1937-05-05
ADVERTISEMENT.
ADVERTISEMENT.
If constiipated
Take This Tin

Here's one of the friendliest tips
one can give another-how to really
relieve Constipation. It is simply this:
One or two E-z Tablets taken when
bilious, due to Constipation, are amaz-
ingly effective yet so mild and
gentle. If you haven't felt good
for sometime have headaches,
tired feeling, no pep, you may be
suffering from Intestinal Fatigue,
commonly called Constipation. If so,
E-z Tablets are what you need You
get 90 little E-Z Tablets for 25c. At
all GOOD drug stores.
Evening star., 1937-05-05

quarrel with it. Necessarily, there
may be various analyses made and diff
ferent conclusions drawn from the sta
tictins
Evening star., 1937-05-05
Kaufman, Key Jewelry Co.; Curtis
E. McCalip, Northeast Motor Co.:

Kaufman, Key Jewelry Co.; Curtis
E. McCalip, Northeast Motor Co.:
Joseph E. Rice, Optimist Club: Ben
jamin Ourisman and Robert Tarshes,
Ourisman Chevrolet Co.; Dr. Malcolm
G. Gibbs and George E. McCann,
Peoples Drug Stores; Alfred G. Neal
and James G. Ferry, Potomac Electric
Power Cos: Mrs. Margaretta K. Hume,
Quota Club Of Washington; Miss Daisy
Reed and Miss Ella Werner, Soropti-
mist Club; Mrs. Karl Fenning (acting),
Twentieth Century Club; Mrs. Eleanor
Patterson and Michael Flynn, WASH
ington Herald, Charter Hesslep and
Robert Mccormick, Washington Daily
News; Mr.. Meyer and Charles F.
Moore, jr., Washington Post; John
Lambert and John J. Fitzpatrick,
Washington Times; Miss Beatrice
Clephane, Women's Bar Association,
and Mrs. Harvey Wiley, Womens City
Club.
Evening star., 1937-05-05

100. or 8.4 per cent, were nolle
pressed; 81, or 26 per cent, were
found not guilty; 685, or 573 per cent,
Wer found guilty, while 377, or BIS
per cent, were pending trial.
g. OF the 7l6 cases actually tried,
685, or 95.6 per cent, were found
guilty.
%. OF the cases in which convic-
tions were secured, 95, or IA per cent,
were granted probation.
10. OF the 6,818 cases of serious
crime reported, the police cleared
their cases as follows:
Actual arrests 2,126 31.2G
Technical arrests - 734 1919
Cleared because COM
plainant did not care
to prosecute 948 1897
3,808 558%
Evening star., 1937-05-05
Bonds Discussed ,

The committee on courts and prose-
cutions, headed by Frank F. Nesbit,
in its part of the report took up the
bail bond situation. with figures on
nine professional bondsmen who were
designated not by name. but by let
tiers running from "A" to ~" Two
Evening star., 1937-05-05

Britain averages some 5000 divorces
annually.