davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1937-12-15
BY the Associated Press.


TUCSON, Ariz, Dec. 15.-Dr. A. Z.
Douglass, originator Of tree-ring chro-
nology, asked fellow scientists today
to come to his new laboratory here
and pool their resources to give the
world peek at what lies ahead In
the way Of weather.
The future Of reclamation projects,
drifts of population and even the his
tory Of nations could be foretold by
long-range forecasts of disastrous
droughts, Dr. Douglass said.
The University of Arizona astron-
omer invited four scientific groups to
participate in this new approach ito
one OF our great economic problems
estimation or prediction of future con-
ditions."
DR.. Douglas would combine the
work Of:
/. The astronomer on all apparent
changes in the sun.
2. The physicist on all forms Of
radiation.
3. The tree-ring man on cycles past
and present.
4. The meteorologist on weather
changes about the world.
Evening star., 1937-12-15
Scientist Asks Pooling of Study
To Predict Worlds Weather

Large-scale operation toward long
range prediction, DR.. Douglass said,
can be brought step closer by as
sembling data from the four groups
Of scientists, reducing it to cycles in .
frequency periodogram," and study
ing the relation Of the cycles to the
sun.
I'VE should analyze all available
meteorological records that are long
enough" he said, "and develop every
possible long tree-ring record having
climatic Interpretation, in order to
lengthen enormously the meteorologi-
cal knowledge by ring records scat
tered over thousands Of square miles" !"
He already has assembled data from
Scandinavia and North Germany,
Arizona. California and parts of New
England. He has dated and measured
half a million rings and studied twice
that number.
Evening star., 1937-12-15
S0UTHBURY is ZONED
TO BAR GERMAN BUND
By the Associated Press,

sOUTHBURY. Conn, Dec. 15-
Southbury citizens weren't quite sure
today how the zoning code would af-
feet them personally, but were pretty
certain 1t would halt plans Of the
German-American Bund to establish
q camp in the Kettletown district.
The town was divided into four
zones restricted to various uses. Ket-
tletown is now in an area restricted
to farms and residences. The regu-
lations also forbid military drill
ing with or without arms" except by
Federal or State military forces within
the town limits.
The zoning law was adopted, 142 to
81, at a town meeting yesterday.
Gregory Cassidy, Democratic town
chairman, condemned the action.
If you don't zone the Germans will
get you," he snorted.
Evening star., 1937-12-15

Panay affair. There may Be need Of
curbing the wild, apparently uncon-
trolled, aggressive spirit Of the jap
anese military. The instruments use
full to this purpose are various among
the Western nations. However, 1t L
not single nations duty to rush into
the breech and pull hot chestnuts out
Of the blazing fires in China.
The United States, from a humane
and even a financial standpoint, is
somewhat interested Yet, before we
take a step forward-a step which,
once taken, might be impossible to
retrace-it would seem the better part
Of valor to discover If, by any chance
the Nation will find itself playing q
lone hand. It must remember that
it will have pitted itself against a
nation whose thoughts and set-up are
built upon an obsession of force with
chauvinistic purpose to fight for
what it has decided is a vital principal
of national conduct, no matter what
othe- nations may think or feel
Copyright. 1887. by The North, American
Newspaper Alliance, Inc.)
Evening star., 1937-12-15

Nearly 275 exhibits of foreign firms
featured the Fall Fair Exhibition in
Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
Evening star., 1937-12-15

Nearly 1900 persons work in toy
factories of England.
Evening star., 1937-12-15

Shipyards Of Sweden are operating
at capacity.
Evening star., 1937-12-15

Turkey recently purchased six
American airplanes.
Evening star., 1937-12-15
admiral Stirling Fauors Action,
i If Necessary, to Protect Fleet
Retired Chief of Staff
J Sees Pa,,ay Sinking Of
{ Great Import.

The sinking OF the United States
cunbodt Panay and the conse-
/ Quences it may haze for American
japanese relations are discussed
here by a retired chief OF stat OF
the United States Fleet, tOho made
the 1907-S ,Dorld cruise ordered
bp President Theodore Roosevelt as
a "shoD of force" against the Jap
nnese. He ,Uas later commander
OF the Yangtse Riper patrol, OF
phich the Panay ,pas unit. He re-
tired from actipe service in 1886.
Evening star., 1937-06-20
BY A. G. GARDINER.

ONDON, June 19.-While the
Irritation between Hitler and
Evening star., 1937-06-20
Japan SEEKS BRITAIN'S
COOPERATION in CHINA
Fall of Gen. Hayashi as Premier Fore
shadows New Orientation in
Nations Policy.

conquest Of Manchuria Is not con-
summated. The rigors of that country
make no appeal to the Japanese as
settlers and the occupation remains
purely military. The formidable de-
velopment of Russian power, es-
pecially In the air, bars any advance
westward, and in China itself the
hectoring policy Of Japan has had two
conspicuous results, both adverse to
Japan. It has aroused fierce hostility
to the japanese in the greatest market
they have. and it has consolidated
China, under the prudent and able
leadership Of Chang Kai-shek, as
only such challenge to its funda-
mental liberties could have done.
The economic and financial effects
Of all this upon public opinion in
Japan have precipitated something
like collision between the people and
the army. and the general election
has left the diet numerically over
whelmingly in the hands of the op-
position. The army. with its direct
access to the Emperor, still holds the
whip-hand, but its moral authority
has suffered shattering blow, and
the fall of Gen. Hayashi as premier
and his supersession by Prince Konoye,
with Mr.. Hirota as foreign minister,
foreshadow a new orientation in
Japanese policy.
It is In these circumstances that
Anglo-Japanese cooperation is invited
in the Far East. That invitation will
not be lightly refused. But the pro-
posals will need the most severe
scrutiny. II it is suggested, as the
Osaka Mainichi" states, that Japan
is to acknowledge the British position
In Central and South China in return
for Britain's recognition OF the fait
accompli in Manchuria and Northern
China, it is pretty certain that Japan
is asking for something she will not
get. There is no parity between the
purely businesslike interests of Britain
in China and the predatory attack
on the property and independence Of
China by the japanese, and 1t may
be taken for granted that Britain will
not be party to any settlement which
compromises the full sovereignty of
the Chinese government over Chinese
territory. 1t may be assumed. think,
that Mr.. Eden's reported assurances
to DR.. Kung are to this effect. Mean
while, the feelers are welcome as an
indication that the role of the rogue
elephant" Is played out and that Japan
is feeling the need Of an accommoda-
ton with the peace powers whom her
army chiefs have 20 openly douted.
(Copyfisht. 1e37)
Evening star., 1937-06-20

ments due to our Government during
the corresponding period. From Great
Britain. which during the years men,
toned should have remitted s407 ,0O0,-
900 on war debt account, our Treasury
received nothing. yet 5000, 900 OF
hot money" came in from Great
Britain on private account. The
French government during the same
period politely defaulted on sl83,000,-
900 of war debt payments. but private
capitalists sent over $500 100000 from
France. and probably additional sums
of French capital through neighbor.
ing countries. Italy. whose govern
ment pleaded inability to meet sl9,-
100000 of payments due the United
States Government. still found s45,-
100000 Of dollar exchange for other
capital purposes Of its nationals.
Evening star., 1937-06-20
Rome to Use Guides
As PrOpagandists

ROME P).-Only lips that are Fas-
cist may tell American tourists Of the
glories of Rome it has been decreed.
Guides not only must be of sound
political faith, but they also have to
pass stiff examination to fix in their
minds the order Of the Caesars, who
the naughty emperors were, what Cae-
sar ran of with whose wife, and all
the other interesting things that are
poured into the ears of tourists.
The government insists on Fascist
trained guides, so that a few para
graphs of propaganda on the glories OF
modern Rome will be mixed with the
tourists diet. Not infrequently tourists
have heard from guides how dissatis-
fed they are. how hard conditions
are, and the like. Sometimes the guides
we're sincere, sometimes they were
pumping up the prospective tip.
Evening star., 1937-06-20
Moscow Bans Old Cars
By Government Decree

Old cars are being banished from
the streets of Moscow, Russia. The
latest model automobiles manufactured
IN government plants are rapidly re-
placing them on newly widened boule-
vards.> After July is certain early
models, including open American fliv-
ers, will not be allowed on the streets
OF the Soviet capital, according to a
decree recently issued.
Cars turned In by private owners
are of1cially appraised to determine
the difference in cost between them
and the new MI model, and the mu-
nicipal bank then advances the owner
state credit, extended for one or two
years, to cover payment of this Diff
ference. At the same time the state
insurance trust insures the new car.
Evening star., 1937-06-20

The private money which has been
coming here from debtor countries. of
course is not the property Of the
debtor governments. and could only
be obtained from its present owners
by borrowing or by taxation why
something like that should not be
done. thereby transferring at least a
part Of the debt burden to the Euro
peans who incurred it. the average
American cannot see. Since the State
Department has offered to enter upon
diplomatic discussions with each de-
faulting debtor. the aloofness of the
debtors appears very unreasonable to
the American taxpayer.
From the year of the funding Of the
war debt, 1922, until 1881, when the
Hoover moratorium was declared, the
debtor countries found 1t possible to
Evening star., 1937-06-20

special funds of foreign currencies be
set aside for sale to American tourists
at a discount and the proceeds applied
to the debts, thus avoiding any trans
fer problem, etc. Such proposals have
met with no encouragement.
While the debt question has thus
been at stalemate, the hope of settle
ment Is not entirely abandoned. It
is denied that the visit of Mr.. Runci-
man last year had as It's object dis
cussion OF the debts 1t is denied that
M. Bonnet's financial training was an
important reason for his appointment
as French Ambassador. None the less,
in February, Senator Robinson, the
Democratic floor leader, volunteered
to the Senate the opinion that within
the next year something substantial
may be accomplished toward final
settlement OF the war debts"
Debtors See Nothing to Gain.
A settlement of this vexatious prob
lem would be hailed by the Treasury
and the State Department. 1t would
clear the air of general ill-feeling
which the semi ni-annual announcement
Of defaults has been creating.
But settlement of the debts would
not solve Europe's economic problems.
It would not balance European budgets.
It would not be of any direct help in
connection with the continental arma-
ments race, although 1t would improve
the credit of the countries concerned.
On the whole, Europe apparently feels
there's not much to lose by continuing
to ignore the debts for the time being.
Probably the debtors will rather await
an opportunity when they can dis
cuss debt settlement in connection
with some other problems as quid
pro quo, in which case the smaller
countries will take their cue from the
bigger ones.
In view Of the statements frequently
heard that war debts are to be settled,
II at all, only In connection with other
problems of international concern, the
matter Is worth little analysis What
Is really meant by such statements on
the part Of debtor countries, appar-
entity. Is that q settlement of the war
debts will be entered upon only in ex-
change for some concession on our
part.
In this country, also, there is In
some quarters . disposition to link the
CONTINUED On Page D-S)
Evening star., 1937-06-20
British Using ''Phon''
To Measure Noises

A new name has been added to
Great Britain's list Of standard
weights and measures. Known as
the "phon," 1t is to represent the Brit
kh unit OF loudness, and it is fnd-
ing Its way into general use In con-
nection with noise-meter devised
by the National Physical Laboratory.
The ministry Of transport in Lon
don has recommended that no noise
exceeding 90 phons should be emitted
from any motor vehicle, whether orig
mating from engine or screechiug
brakes,
Evening star., 1937-06-20

II AAAooOAAAA lllC BIZ
49, uation in Europe must remain
in state Of uncertainty, but mean
while another principal in the great
drama is attracting a revived interest
among the Western powers, and espe-
cially in official circles in London.
Events in Japan of late have taken a
significant turn. and the approaches
which have been made to the British
government raise problems of capital
Importance which may have psyche
logical effect in Europe.
Curiously little has been said in the
public press here on the subject of
those approaches, beyond the admis-
sion that conversations Of a general
kind between the two governments are
proceeding. But they are being dis
cussed with much freedom in the
Japanese press, which states that the
japanese Ambassador in London has
beer instructed to end the prelimi-
nary discussions, ITO initiate formal
negotiations" and to propose an
entente cordiale for Anglo-Japanese
cooperation in China"
Apart from the nature of the pro-
posals, to which will refer later, the
fact that they are being put forward
is indicative of the change that is
apparent in Japanese policy. It was
Japan's invasion OF Manchuria in
1881 that upset the Leagues apple
cart and started the train of events
which led to the Abyssinian adventure,
the military occupation Of the Rhine
land, the explosion in Spain, the
collapse Of the ideal Of collective Sc
curity and the raise In ornaments
which Is now the dominant preoc-
cupation Of Europe. Since that event,
Japan has been outside the pale Of
negotiations, q sort Of rogue elephant"
who was beyond reason or rules.
The army was in control Of the
state and was bent upon the prosecu-
ton Of its ambition to establish q
Japanese hegemony in China and
Eastern Asia. They pushed westward
into Jehol and southwark beyond the
Great Wall into the northern provinces
of China. They bombed Shanghai and
were hand-in-glove with the smugglers
who undermined the legitimate trade
Of China. They adopted to the Chinese
the attitude Of conquerors debating
terms to the conquered. and opposi-
ton ut home was put down by ruthless
measures, eliminating in the whole
sale mAssacer Of responsible statesmen
IN WAhv1,avv ~ last vnAp
But al has not gone well. Even Mhe
Evening star., 1937-06-20
BY HERBERT NJ. BRATTER,

~ ECENT talk in Europe about a
l. revived economic conference
has not unnaturally suggested
L y the ever-annoying subject of
our $4,000. 100000 war debts now In
default. Although every one here is
reconciled to the thought that those
large obligations represent an extreme
ly dubious offset against our growing
national debt, they are not officially
dead and would hover in the back
ground of any international economic
discussion between our Government
and the debtors. Late in April. for ex-
ample, the question was again raised
in the British Parliament, although
without disclosing any change in
Downing Streets attitude. In France
also. the subject has had renewed at
tention in the press during recent
months.
Including overdue payments, in jan
uary this year the war debts totaled
more than $l2,665, 900 900, despite the
fact that Congress. when funding
them in 1922, made concessions in ex-
cess of $4,000 100000. Three countries
account for the bulk OF the debt. The
principal debtors and the amounts
they owe are:
Evening star., 1937-06-20

The 13 remaining debtor countries
together owe s783 100000. With the
notable exception of Finland and
Greece, none of the debtor govern
ments has transmitted anything on
principal or interest accounts since
1888, when several governments took
advantage of our willingness to ac-
cept silver at premium on war-debt
account and made nominal payments.
Non -Committal Notes.
The reason given by the debtors for
defaulting has been their inability to
maintain or transmit payments. Amer
ica's unwillingness to accept large
commodity imports has also been cited
as an obstacle. The attitude Of our
largest debtor, Great Britain, is ex-
pressed in its last communication to
our State Department dated December
10, 1896. After noting the American
Governments willingness ITO discuss
any proposals which his majesty's
government may decide to put forward
in regard to the payment Of this in
debtedness, with view to the eventual
submission of such proposals to the
American Congress the British gov
ernment gave assurance that his
majesty's government will be ready to
reopen discussions on the matter
whenever circumstances are such as
to warrant the hope that a satisfac-
tory result might be reached"
The latest French note is similarly
non-committal, the French govern
ment regretting profoundly that the
distressing economic depression which
the country has just undergone and
the state Of world economic relations
do not permit 1t as yet to present any
proposals."
Since budget deficits became almost
universal during the depression, the
plea Of poverty was accepted by many
Americans as not unreasonable. How
ever. the heavy inflow of private
European capital into the United
States during the past two years and
longer has raised question in many
minds as to the supposed inability Of
debtor countries to at least make q
gesture Of paying. The capital inflow,
1t Is held, indicates that some of the
nations concerned, If not their govern
ments. have funds to spare.
Thus, while We recognize that per-
haps not all the money which has
come here from England is British
and not ali that from France, French,
1t Is fact that the capital inflow
chief debtors-tte only ones for which
all the data u avaiiable-has been
considerably in excess Of the debt pay
Evening star., 1937-10-11
New Crop Control Program
Merely a Revival of A. A. A.

10 the Editor of The Star:
1t is my purpose in writing this TO
thank you for the editorial in The Star
lew days ago headed Crop Control !"
l read this editorial over and over. as I
believe every statement that it made.
1t seems strange to me that this admin
lstration should conclude that under
production and borrowed money will
bring prosperity to the American
people. We all know what happened
before the old triple A law was killed bv
the Supreme Court. Wheat and other
grains were destroyed in the fields. pigs.
COWS and pregnant sows were killed to
raise the prices of meats. An act of
sin and shame that no other nation
has ever been guilty of.
Now Mr.. Roosevelt and those who
agree with him are planning to resur-
rect this old law of destruction; give
1t new life and a new name called the
crop control bill. The crop control law
was tried out in Russia; finally both
farmers and their crops were controlled
by the government. The result was
thousands of farmers died of starva
ton after raising bumper crops. Surely
we are on our way.
Thank you for the interest YOU are
taking in the welfare of our people.
A. L. YOU'LL,
Evening star., 1937-10-11
Big Incomes.

large part of the prevailing hatred
OF so-called economic royalists" traces
back to the notion that privileged
few" enjoy prodigiously big incomes. The
exact number of these princes of plu-
tocracy" In 1885, according to Treasury
Department report, was forty -one. Earn
ngs and dividends in amount of $73,-
631 900 net we're confessed in the returns
filed by the stipulated group.
The professional radical, logically
enough, insists that something should
be done about" such manifest "scan-
dal." A person with an income of a
million a year, he loudly proclaims,
ought to be forced to share his wealth
with his less fortunate neighbors. The
Government enthusiastically agrees and,
in line with the intent of legislation
regularly enacted by the peoples dele
gates in Congress assembled, demands
lions portion of the presumptive feast.
Before the magnates may take their
places at the imaginary banquet they
must pay over to the Internal Revenue
Bureau a total of SAL 500, 900. Thus the
theoretical ''fat of the land" which they
are permitted to control is not s73 ,631 900
at all but. rather, merely S32 ,131 900. 1t
follows that the much vilifed capitalist
class" is less than half as lucky" as its
hottest critics had supposed. After Civ
ing Uncle Sam his split an average
economic royalist," then, is only about
fortythree per cent of an "uncrowned
czar"
1t likewise is worthy of mention that
the millionaires troubles are not over
when he has divided his ill gotten gains"
with the Federal Government by the
direct route. He still must take care of
the indirect taxes which, in common
with the rest of the population, he must
bear. And when at last he dies, his
executors are obliged to cough up
estate levies which pretty effectively
protect society against the danger be-
lieved by many to be represented in
vast accumulated riches"
The bystanding philosopher, thinking
the big income problem through, is will
ing to concede that appropriation might
20 further, but he realizes as the pro-
fessional radical apparently does not,
that the road is not nearly SO long as
once it seemed.
Evening star., 1937-10-11
QUESTIONABLE Invites
Inaccurate Reporting
To the Editor Of The Star:

TO the Editor OF The Star.
I have just read in The Evening Star
OF October the article on the jobless
questicnnaire, which has been approved.
AS I understand the instructions the
QUESTIONABLE will be distributed to every
household, which implies that the head
OF the household is expected to fill it out,
thus he will report others in his family
and household who are unemployed
On the other hand, every person who
regards himself as unemployed is urged
to fill out the questionnaire Isn't it pos
sible, then, that one or more question:
naires may come from the same house.
hold? If this be true, that one or more
persons In the same household will fill
out the QUESTIONABLE, according to his
own Judgment that he is unemployed
and the head of family will there not
be discrepancies in the final results in
regard to questions II, IL and 13? Each
member OF the same household report
Ing will report the other under these
particular questions, doubling or even
tripling the actual number.
ROBERT VAN HYNING.
Evening star., 1937-10-11
Shooting Stars.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
Stumbling Block.

stunning DlOCk.
A man once sat and pondered on the
ways Of this existence
AS he counted up a scanty store of
pelf
He sighed, "I've solved great problems
as to housing and subsistence,
But I somehow cannot do it for myself.
I can tell men how to labor while dis
couraging dissension,
And how to gain fortune of superior
dimension
While practicing philosophy to soothe
the nervous tension;
But somehow cannot do it for myself.
Il can always solve problem that re-
lates to moral duty
For each inquiring, undecided elf.
I can show him how to lead a life of
beatific beauty;
But somehow cannot do it for myself.
I can indicate just how the country
ought to cut expenses,
And offer pleasant platitudes in all the
moods and lenses
To show most anybody how he ought to
mend his fences;
But I somehow cannot do it for
myself"