davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1937-11-15

Some of these recommendations
are consistent with each other;
some are at complete variance.
But these discussions make it
clear that we have enough wis
dom in the country today not
only to check the present reces-
sion but to lay the groundwork
for more permanent recovery.
If the people are as willing as
Government to use the eco-
nomic knowledge gained in re-
cent years, this recession need
go no further.
With the exercise of ordinary
prudence, there is no reason why
we should suffer any prolonged
recession, let alone any general
economic paralysis. Despite
some Embellishments, which
can be corrected, underlying
conditions are not unfavorable.
The fundamental situation is
not to be compared with the
far different conditions of 1929.
The banking system is not over
extended. Interest rates are
lower. inventories are not dan
gerously large. We are no
longer over-extended in new con-
Struction or in capital equip
ment. Speculation requiring
liquidation does not overhang
our markets,
The Washington times., 1937-11-15
Special Attention
To Small Business

instance. the problems of the
railroads and of other public
utilities. Here because of thor
oughly unsound financing ex-
tending over many past years,
solution will frankly be diff
cult.
But as we work with these
problems of detail we must not
forget the broad central truth
that this Administration has
pledged itself to the people of
the United States to carry on
with a wide social program
pointed toward higher living
standards and a more just dis
tribution of the gains of civili.
zation. Much of that program
is already in effect-but its con-
tinued and complete success de-
pendS on a wider distribution of
an immensely enlarged national
income. Such enlargement pre-
suppoSes full employment of
both capital and labor-reason-
able profits and fair wageS-a
resumption of that vigorous NOV
ing equilibrium which began in
1888. Deflation and initiation
are equal enemies of the bal
anced economy that will produce
that progressive increase in ma.
tional income.
The Washington times., 1937-11-15

Some crops will begin to be
planted within three months.
In recent weeks farmers have
once more been facing acute
Surpluses and falling prices.
Cotton farmers are harvesting
the largest cotton crop in all
our history-five million bales
more than the markets of this
country and of the world have
been accustomed to take. Corn
farmers and potato farmers are
harvesting crops that threaten
to crush them for producing this
plenty. And the producers Of
other crops are wondering how
soon they, too, will be the vic
Tins Of surplus uncontrolled.
We must continue in our ef-
forts toward abundance with
out waste. We need legislation
which will not only prevent new
farm surpluses from causing
new collapse in farm prices, but
which will also safeguard farm
erS and consumers against the
hazards Of crop failure. We
need an "all weather" farm
plan-a plan that uses the
reasonable surpluses of a year
Of good weather to carry over
food supplies to make up for
the shortages of year of bad
weather.
Out of the experience of the
last five years we have learned
The Washington times., 1937-11-15
Simple Slogans
Will Not Be Cure

Out of long experience 1 place
great value on this method of
getting suggestions from every
possible source. Single answers
or simple slogans will not cure
the complicated economic prob
lens which today face all ma
tions.
To over-emphaSize one symp-
tom out of many to over
emphasize any one panacea that
for the moment appeals to any
one group-iS to play with the
lives Of all the men and women
of America.
The ultimate answer to the
conditions of today is cordial
and confident cooperation not
only between government and
every kind of citizen-but also
between every kind of citizen
and his government. AS never
before in our history, the we'll
being of those who have much
as we'll as those who have less,
depends upon a contented So
ciety of goodwill where the
goodwill rests on the solid foun-
dation that all have enough.
From these conferences and
from other sources many sug-
geStions have come to me and
to other members of the Execu-
tive branch of the Government,
The Washington times., 1937-11-15

Obviously an immediate task
is to try to increase the use of
private capital to create en-
ployment. Private enterprise,
with cooperation on the part of
Government, can advance to
higher levels of industrial &C
tiVity than those reached earlier
this year. Such advance will as
sure balanced budgets. But OBJ
viouSly also, Government can
not let nature take its course
without regard to consequences.
If private enterprise does not
respond, Government must take
up the slack.
What we can do covers so
wide a field and so many sub
jects that it is not feasible to
include them all in this mes
sage.
A little later I will address
you further in regard to propo-
sails to encourage private capital
to enter the field of new hous-
ing on a large scale-a field
which during the past four years
has failed almost completely to
keep pace with the marked i'm
provement in other industries.
On the subject of taxation, in
The Washington times., 1937-11-15
Treasury Position
Must Be Protected

Constitution Of the United
States. Although vital portions
of the agricultural adjustment
act were set aside nearly two
years ago by the Supreme Court.
acts Of Congress to improve
labor relations and assure work
ers' security have since then
been upheld. In these later de-
cisions the powers of the Federal
Government to regulate COM
merce between the States and
to tax and to spend for the
general welfare have been
clearly recognized.
I believe that the courts
themselves are coming to have
increasing regard for the true
nature of the Constitution as a
broad charter of democratic
government which can function
under the conditions of today.
I believe that the Congress can
constitutionally write an ade-
quate farm act that will be we'll
within the broad meaning and
purpose of the Constitution.
I hope and believe that the
Supreme Court will not again
deny to farmers the protection
which it now accords to others.
The Washington times., 1937-11-15

We must keep in mind the
American democratic way.
Farm programs cannot long Sue
ceed unless they have the active
support of the farmers who take
part in them. Our program
should continue to be one plan.
ned and administered, so far as
possible, by the farmers them.
selves. Here again, majority
rule seems justified. If and
when huge surpluses in any one
crop threaten to enguf all the
producers of that crop, our laws
should provide ways by which
a small minority may be kept
from destroying the proceeds of
the toll of the great majority.
We must keep in mind the
United States Treasury. Ihave
already expressed my view that
if the new farm act provides for
expenditure of funds beyond
those planned in the regular
budget, additional means should
be provided to yield the addi-
tional revenue. May I reiterate
that with all the emphasis I
can give?
We must keep in mind the
The Washington times., 1937-11-15
Reorganization Plan
Proposed for SdlinqS

believe that the country as
a whole recognizes the need for
immediate congressional action
if we are to maintain wage in
come and the purchasing power
of the nation against recessive
factors in the general industrial
situation. The exploitation of
child labor and the underwriting
of wages and the stretching Of
the hours of the poorest-paid
workers in periods of business
recession has a serious effect on
buying power. In the interest
of the nation economy such ad-
justments as must be made
should not be made at the ex-
pense of those least able to bear
them.
I further believe that the
country as a whole realizes the
necessary connection between
encouraging business men to
make capital expenditures for
new plants and raising the total
wage income Of the total of our
working population. New plants
today mean labor-saving mach.
inery. What does the country
The Washington times., 1937-11-15
Asks Early Action
For Sake of Nation

Last year I recommended
such machinery. For this pur.
pose of conservation and devel.
opment of our natural resources,
I recommended that the coun.
try be divided into the seven
great regions into which Nature
divided those resources - that
in such regions local authorities
be set up to arrange projects
into some kind of comprehensive
and continuing plan for the en-
tire region-and that only after
such consideration should re-
gional projects be submitted to
the Executive and to the Con-
gress for inclusion in a national
development program of such
size as the budget of the year
will permit.
Such machinery will provide
decentralization. 1t will give
local communities and the ma.
The Washington times., 1937-11-15

ultimately gain If we encourage
business men to enlarge the cap
acity of American industry to
produce, unless we see to it that
the income of our working popu-
lation actually expands suffi-
GENTLY to create markets to alb
Sorb that increased production?
further believe that the
country as a whole recognizes
the need of seeking a more uni
fornly adequate standard of liv-
ing and purchasing power every
where if every part is to live
happily with every other part.
We do not recognize the destiny
of any state or any county to be
permanently backward. Politi-
cal and social harmony requires
that every state and every
county not only produce goods
for the nations markets but
furnish markets for the nations
goods.
This does not mean that legis-
lation must require immediate
uniform minimum hour or wage
standards; that is an ultimate
goal.
We should provide flexible
The Washington times., 1937-11-15

ment of large private corpora
tions or of governments hon.
estly suggests, that reorganiza-
ton Of government machinery
in the interest of efficiency is q
method of making major saw
ings in the cost of government.
Large savings in the cost Of
government can be made only
by cutting down or eliminating
government functions. And to
those who advocate such a
course it is fair to put the ques-
tion-which functions of gov
ernment do you advocate cut
ting off?
Of equal Importance with in
telligent reorganization Of the
Executive departments is intelli-
gent reorganization of our
methods of spending national
funds for the conservation and
development of those natural
resources which are the founda-
ton of virile national life. AS
said in special message to
the Congress last spring, we
have reached a stage in the de-
pletion of our natural resources
where we should allot a definite
portion of each years budget to
this work of husbandry.
Our present machinery for
carrying out such purposes, how.
ever. is geared to methods Of
which the rivers and harbors
legislation Of many years ago is
The Washington times., 1937-11-15
Early Determination Is Asked to
Accomplish Social Reforms
In Nation
In Nation

an example. We spend sporadi-
cally-on a project here and
a project there, determined upon
without relation to the needs Of
other localities-without rela-
tion to possibly more important
needs of the same locality
without relation to the national
employment situation or the
Federal budget.
To avoid waste and to give
the nation its moneys worth
from the national funds we ex-
pend, we must, like any bust.
ness corporation, have a definite
building and operating plan
worked out ahead of time-a
planned order in which to make
expenditures, a planned timing
for expenditures so that we may
keep our working force EN-.
ployed, and a planned coordi.
mated use Of the projects after
completion. And because rela-
tive values of local projects
should be appraised before they
come to Washington, first by
those with local knowledge, and
then by regional conferences,
we must have some kind of local
and regional planning machin-
cry and coordination to get full
value out of the final appropria-
tions authorized in Washing.
ton-money value and human
value.
The Washington times., 1937-11-15

that with the aid of the Govern
ment, farmers can successfully
guard themselves against eco
nomic disaster.
In formulating a farm pro
gram there are certain things
we must keep in mind.
We must keep in mind the
fertility of our soil. We have
begun to assist farmers to stop
the waste of soil and save the
good soil that remains. Any
sound, longtime program must
have soil conservation as a prin-
cipal goal.
We must keep in mind the eco
nomic welfare of farm families.
AS a longtime national policy,
farmers must have a fair share
in the national income to supply
farmers buying to keep city
factories running.
we must keep in mind the
consumers of the nation. The
blighting droughts Of 1894 and
1896 which spelt disaster for so
many farmers in those years
were brought forcibly home to
our large cities in the high prices
of many foodstuffs this year.
Consumers should have the same
protection against the under
production Of years of scarcity
as the farmers should have
against the overproduction of
years of glut.
The Washington times., 1937-11-15
Complete Text of President Rooseves Message Outlining Program
Tax Reform, But Without Loss to Treasury,
Is Recommended; Method Is Left
Up to Members

lar the anticipated revival Of
building. And over a month ago
I quoted one of the country's
leading economists to this effect
that the continuance of busi-
ness recovery in the United
States ends far more
upon business policies than it
does upon anything that may be
done, or not done, in Washing
ton.
The present decline has not
reached serious proportions. But
it has the effect of decreasing
the national income-and that
is a matter of definite concern.
During the adjournment of
the Congress I have sought to
avail myself of the wisdom and
advice of managers of large in
dustrial and financial enter
prise, of owners of small busi-
nesses in many lines, and of
representatives of agriculture
and of labor.
The Washington times., 1937-11-15
War Depth Bomb
Moved From Beach

LEWES, Del, Nov. ia 400
pound submarine depth bomb of
war vintage, which has lain on a
nearby sand dune since Septem.
ber S, was removed by Coast
Guardsmen yesterday-and inhab-
itants once more will allow their
children to frolic on the beach.
The bomb, which was shared by
a fishing trawler off Cape Henlo-
pen, was dropped off Lewes in
1917 when American destroyers
were chasing an enemy" sub
marine flotilla, later proven to be
U-boats of their own country.
The Washington times., 1937-11-15

ton alike new confidence in the
true worth of such expenditures.
What these four subjects
promise in continued and in.
creased purchasing power
what they promise in greater
efficiency in the use Of Govern
ment fund ds-are intelligent
foundations for the other plans
for encouragement of industrial
expansion with Government
help. What they promise in
social contentment is an almost
necessary basis for greater sc.
curity of profits and property.
In the months they have been
before the Congress they have
been discussed from one end Of
the country to the other.
For the sake of the Nation, I
hope for your early action.
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT.
THE WHITE HOUSE,
November is, 1887.
The Washington times., 1937-11-15

The tert of President RooSe.
DeltS n1eSSSge to Congress today
tolloUS::
To the Congress:
IMPORTANT measures are al
l. ready pending before this
Congress-, and other matters will
require early consideration.
Therefore, it has seemed advis.
able to call this extraordinary
session to expedite the work of
the regular session which will
begin in January.
Since your adjournment in
August there has been marked
recession in industril production
and industrial purchases follow
ing a fairly steady advance for
more than four years.
We have not been unaware of
uncertainties in the economic
picture, AS far back as last
Spring I called attention to the
rapid rise in many prices-a
rise that threatened in particu.
The Washington times., 1937-11-15
Agriculture Needs
Demand PrOqran1

In the attainment of the broad
central purpose we recognize
many related objectives. This
message, however, deals with
only four of these objectiveS-
four which are already being
considered by the Congress. Two
relate directly to the Stabiliza-
ton and maintenance of the
purchasing power of the nation.
The other two, essential tools
for the whole task, look to the
The Washington times., 1937-11-15
5-POINT PL A N
GIVEN CONGRESS
BY ROOSEVELT
Tax Reform, Labor, and
Farm Needs at Top
Continued from Page ~

Continued from Page u
last August there has been "a
marked recession in business
after "a fairly steady advance for
more than four years"
THE present decline" he said,
''has not reached serious proper
tions. But it has the effect Of
decreasing the national in
come-and that is matter of
definite concern"
There is no universal panacea
nor patent remedy for this sinking
spell of business, he said, but by
cooperation and good will its
effects can be ameliorated.
1--WE have enough wisdom in
the country today not only to
check the present recession. but
to lay the groundwork for a
more permanent recovery" he
declared. IF the people are
as willing as Government to use
the economic knowledge gained
in recent years, this recession
need go no further.
CONDITIONS FAVORABLE
With the exercise of ordinary
prudence, there is no reason
why we should suffer any pro-
longed recession, let alone any
general economic paralysis.
Despite some Embellishments,
which can be corrected, under
lying conditions are not un-
favorable"
There is no comparison, the
President said, between the condi-
tions of 1929 and today. Then
the banking structure was un-
sound and the country was in the
throes of speculative mania.
That condition does not exist
today.
obviously" he said, "an
immediate task is to try to in
crease the use of private capital
to create employment. But
obviously, also, government can
not let nature take it course
without regard to consequences.
If private enterprise does not
respond, government must take
up the slack"
The Washington times., 1937-11-15
MzsMi6kz57s
. .::::;:::. s:;::.. &&EIMES

Published daily at 1917 H st.
N. W., Washington, D. C.
Published Sunday as the Wash.
sngton Herald-TimeS.
Editor and Publisher,
Mrs. Eleanor Patterson
Associate Publisher,
.... William C. Shelton
Entered as second-class matter
Monday. Nov. Is, 1887, at the
Post Office at Washington, D. C..
The Washington Times will be
sent to any subscriber in the
United States. postpaid. at the
following rates:
! month. s. so 6 months. $3.50
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The Washington times., 1937-11-15
German JObless
Gained in October

BERLIN, Nov. 15.-German un-
employment increased by $4,000
during October, but it is still $751;
900 under last years figures for
the same month. It now stands
at $4,000.
The government employment
statistics bureau says that 160, 900
of these unemployed are incapable
of full-time work on normal jobs
and 255,OO0 are wholly incapable
Of working. Therefore there are
only 1000 workers capable of full.
time work on the unemployed list.
The Washington times., 1937-11-15

improvement of the machinery
and functioning of both the
executive and the legislative
branches of the Federal Govern.
ment.
Intention to pass a new and
permanent national farm act
was declared by the Congress in
Joint resolution last summer.
Great as the need was then,
that need is still greater today.
The Washington times., 1937-11-15
UNDAUNTED MOTHER

FREMONT, Ohio, Nov. IS
0.N.SO.-Mrs. Wilfred Walby, 35,
is the mother of four children and
all have been delivered by
Caesarian operations. All are
normal and healthy.
Evening star., 1937-04-04
AZ yet found in my mind any leading

as yet found in my mind any leading
toward 1t.
IT went to bed that night as usual
and slept, according to my wort, quite
soundly. I awoke in the gray of the
morning twilight and, as lay waiting
for the dawn, the long lines Of the
desired poem began to twine them
selves In my mind.
Having thought out all the stanzas,
I said to myself, I must geU up and
write these verses oow1i, lest fail
asleep again and forget them So,
with sudden effort, l sprang Out Of
bed and found III the dimness an old
stump Of a pen which remembered
to have used the day bato-e. scraWled
the verses almost without looking al
the paper I had learned to do this
when. on previous occasions, attacks
of versifcation had visited me in the
night, and l feared to have recourse
to a light lest I should wake the
baby, who slept near me was always
obliged to decipher my sc-awl before
another night should intervene, as it
was only legible while the matter was
fresh in my mind. At this time.
having completed my writing, re-
turned to bed and fell asleep. saying
to myself, I like this better than
most things that have written"
Evening star., 1937-04-04
4 review Of troops at some distance
from the town. While We were en-

. review Of troops at some distance
from the town. While We were en-
gagged In watching the maneuvers .
sudden movement Of the enemy neces-
STATED immediate action. The review
was discontinued and we saw q de-
tachment of soldiers gallop to the
assistance of a small body Of our men
who were in imminent danger Of being
surrounded and cut of from retreat.
The regiments remaining on the field
we're ordered to march to their can
tonments We returned to the city
very slowly, of necessity, for the
troops nearly filled the road. My dear
minister was in the carriage with me,
as were several other friends.
ITO BEGUILE the rather tedious
drive We sang from time to time
snatches OF the Army songs so popular
at that time, concluding, think, with
"'John Browns body lies a-mouldering
in the ground;
His soul Is marching on
THE soldiers seemed to Like this,
and answered back, Good for you!
Mr.. Clarke said, Mrs. Howe, why do
you not write some good words for
that stirring tune?' I replied had
often wished to do this, but had not
Evening star., 1937-04-04

THE history of the air is interesting.
AS far back as 1888 it was printed
in Scotland, the composer having been
John Stafford Smith, the words, by
Ralph Tomlinson, being entitled ITO
Ana creon in Heaven" Parenthetical-
ly, Anacreon was a Greek lyric poet,
who lived about 500 years BIC, and
the meter OF the verse Is attributed
to him, or is in his style, and, there
fore, known as "Anacreontic." Web