davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1937-05-31

saying ANY news will have to come
from the Governor"
Asked before the conference con-
vened if he planned to call out the
militia, Gov. Horner said:
Il can't determine until I
know what the situation is"
Among those at the meeting were
Police Commissioner James P ALL
man, Van Bittner; H. Y Hyland, Re-
public Steel representative; Michael
Igoe. United States district attorney,
and Nicholas Fontechi, c. I. o. field
director.
All declined to comment on mat
ters discussed at the conference.
Pictured as Brutal Massacre"
DR.. s. ]. Nickamin, staff physician
at one Of the hospitals where the in
jured were taken after yesterdays
savage battle, said they looked like
the came from a virtual massacre"
From his hospital bed, Nick Kruga.
craneman at the Republic plant
who suffered a minor bullet wound,
lkened the scene of the riot to a
war battlefield.
II was in the war and I fought in
France, but I never heard so many
bullets as those policemen fred he
said. Women and children were
screaming. Clouds of tear gas hung
over the prairie. 1t was just like any
war battlefield. The mob was like a
herd Of panic-stricken cattle. I ran
till they got me-"
Peter Rimac watched the fighting
from q secondfloor window of his
store at the edge Of the field.
Between 400 and 500 shots were
fired in about three minutes" he said.
The policemen had been lined up
single file for about several blocks
across the field when the marchers
met them. When the crowd tried to
push throuh, the officers closed around
them and the riot broke out
Battle Declared Spontaneous.
A. G. Patterson, financial secretary
of the C. l. O. local, who was on the
scene, said the fighting broke out
spontaneously
Some one started to Scuff1e with a
policeman Then I heard several
shots. Men and women were slugged
all around me- Police fired tear gas
guns. I was blinded and fell in heap
with bunch Of others. I got up and
saw the fellow next to me was shot in
the stomach. I grabbed him, but
police took him away from me and
loaded him in a patrol wagon
Capt. James L. Mooney, in charge
Of the police detail, said his men drew
their guns only to protect themselves
As the crowd headed for the plant
carrying banners and chanting &C.
O., C. I. O., c. I. o." Capt. John
Kilroy stepped forward and asked
them to disperse.
"You can't get through here" he
said. 1--WE must do our duty"
The strikers and sympathizers re-
piled with a shower of bricks. They
moved on, swinging clubs, cranks and
gear shift levers from automobiles
Some hurled steel bolts, while others
shot them from their sings.
The police tried to disperse the mob
, with tear gas, but the crowd pressed
on. The officers fired several shots
into the air and then, witnesses said
fired into the mob when they were
unable to halt the onward rush.
Men on both sides began to fall.
!. Capt. Mooney said the first actua
. shot was fred BY one Of the sympa.
, thisers. He said b had statements o.
Evening star., 1937-05-31
Memorial

Continued From First Page.)
Evening star., 1937-05-31

died yesterday in local hospital
after long illness.
For 4s years Washington resident
Mr. Ford was a member Of Mount
Pleasant Lodge Of Masons and the
First Baptist Church. He was an
honorary member OF the Robert E.
Lee Chapter. United Daughters Of the
Confederacy. He retired about five
years ago.
Surviving are two daughters, Mrs
Sadie F. Timberlake and Mrs Edith
F. Richter, and a son. Stephen o
Ford. all Of this city. He also leaves
IL grandchildren and 81 great-grand-
children. His wife was the late Mrs
Jane E. Huntington Ford.
Funeral services will be held at
pm. Wednesday in the funeral home
OF Almus R. Speare. 5000 Rhode Is.
land avenue northeast. Burial will bt
in Methodist Protestant Cemetery
Alexandria, Va.
Evening star., 1937-05-31
MITCHELL SPEAKS
ON lob SELECTION
Seeks to Correct "Errors"
in Apportionment for
u. S. Jobs.

In an address in which he pointed
out that "the whole theory Of the
Civil Service Commissions method Of
selecting employees for the Govern
ment is that local eligibles shall be
selected wherever the Government
can be equally we'll served on the
whole by confining selections to local
people" Harry B. Mitchell, president
of the commission, last night sought
to correct erroneous Impressions"
by apportionment statistics.
President Mitchell spoke at the
joint convention OF the Postmaster
Association and Postal Groups OF
Florida in st. Augustine. His speech
attracted interest here because of the
pending House measure which would
deprive about 10000 employees from
Maryland, Virginia and the District
Of their jobs by bringing virtually
the whole government establishment
here under the apportionment law.
Mitchell also defended the charge
that the Government service discrim-
mates against older applicants for
HpiUg Iutlll.
In seeking to clear up mistaken
ideas about apportionment, which
bases the number of appointments
here on the population of the several
States, Mitchell pointed out that the
law applies Ito less than one-twelfth
of the positions under civil service
law, and less than one-half of those
in Washington. and while those in
departments in Washington which
are under the law show a large dis
proportion of appointments from the
District of Columbia and the neigh
boring States OF Maryland ano Vir-
ginia, the disparity would seem COM
paratively much less if all the po-
sitions in the Government service
| outside of Washington were taken into
! account"
Evening star., 1937-05-31
Riots
Continued From First Page.)

l. Gel
efforts of the Steel Workers Organiz-
ing Committee, an affiliate of the G. I.
O., to close it.
Mass Meeting Today.
A mass meeting and demonstration
WAS planned for 10 am. today at In
diana Harbor, home Of one of the In
land plants tied up by the independent
steel producers strikes which entered
their fifth day. Van A. Bittner, re-
gional director of the S. w. O. c.,
said he would address the Calumet
region workers, which would include
those from the Youngstown Sheet g.
Tube Co. and Republic.
Gov Horner learned Of the riot
shortly after his arrival here from the
State capital at Springfield. He can
celled a Memorial day speaking en-
gagement for a conference with both
sides.
Maj. Gen. Roy E. Keehn Of the
Illinois National Guard attended the
meeting for only . short time. He
declined to comment upon leaving,
Evening star., 1937-05-31

held Sunday at Danville under auspices
OF the American Legion. with other
organizations participating.
Representative William M. Colmer
Of Mississippi was the principal speaker
| at exercises yesterday in Fredericks-
| burg, where joint services were held
at the Confederate and National Gem
eteries.
State Senator Vivian L. Page, can
didate for Governor, made the princi-
| pal address at exercises held in the
National Cemetery at Culpeper yes
terday.
Evening star., 1937-05-31

20 policemen to prove the first shot
came from the mob
The union leaders, on the other
hand. denied that their members car
ried pistols.
Bryant McMahon was the most seri-
ously injured Of the policemen. He
suffered skull injury. Others under
treatment at hospitals were Peter
Cleary. John Hooley, Henry Lawson
George Barber and John Prescott
The remainder were treated at emer-
gency hospitals. and then taken te
their homes.
Evening star., 1937-05-31
STRIKES DEPRESS
STEEL OPERATIONS
50-Point Drop to 30 Per
Cent Reported During Week
at Youngstown.

ey the Assoc ated Press.
CLEVELAND. May 3l.-Widespread
steel strikes have brought a sharp
recession in operating rates at Youngs-
town, Cleveland and Chicago, the
magazine Steel said today.
The operating rate at Youngstown,
q focal point in the Steel Workers
Organizing Committee strike zone,
dropped so points to 30 per cent dur
ing the week, the publication pointed
out.
Operations at Cleveland fell off II
TO IS per cent. while Chicago dropped
TO IS per cent.
Other Operating Declines.
Other declines in operations in
cluded Pittsburgh, off 2 to 81 per
cent: Eastern Pennsylvania, down /
to 7217; Detroit, off S to 95, and New
England, of As to SIS per cent.
Wheeling, outside Of the active
strike area, showed an operation
gain of 2 points to 81 per cent. while
Buffalo was up to 81 per cent. No
change was made at St. Louis, ga;
Cincinnati, 80. and Birmingham, 80.
The scrap market also was clouded
by effects Of suspensions due to
strikes. the magazine said.
Pressure on Other Supplies.
Steel predicted that should the in
terruptions as a result of the strikes
be pf long duration, steel users de-
pendent on the idle plants for sup
plies will exert pressure on other
supplies in the effort to obtain mate
rails
1t pointed out, however, that with
deliveries still considerably delayed by
their normal customer demands,
these steelmakers probably are not in
position to give much help"
Evening star., 1937-05-31
STEPHEN H. FORD DIES:
FORMER D. c. EMPLOYE

Stephen H. Ford, "a, of 1411 Newton
street, retired sand and gravel in
spector for the District government
Montana labor news., 1937-09-09
NOTE FOR
MEAT EATERS

profits of the meat packing COM
panies at the moment are shaping
up exceptionally WELL" observes
Business Week (7-3). Probably one
of the best percentage gains in net
will be turned in by Armour & Co.
for the fiscal year closing with end
Of next October" It is expected that
its profits for the full year will total
nearly SIS million, compared with
$10,239,000 in last fiscal year.
For some time" says this bust
ness organ, there has been a creep
ing advance in most meat prices,
which is ideal for the packing
houses" But although Frederick H,
Prince, the big Boston capitalist who
controls Armour, and the unsavory
Albert H. Wiggin and their friends
will be happy, Business Week adds
that Record hog prices" which will
give the meat trust the excuse to
raise prices, will not mean more
money for farmers as a whole-only
individual lucky ones"
Prince alone drew a total of over
$174,000 in dividends out of the com
pany in 1885 and 1886. During
period 1934-19S6 he lodged federal
taxes amounting to $1,022,812, ac-
cording to recent revelations of u.
S. Secretary of the Treasury. Wig
gin, by virtue Of ownership of com
mon and preferred, took $4,000 in
these two years. Wiggin is a former
Morgan man who headed the Chase
National Bank until shortly after the
Rockefellers obtained control. The
Pecora U. S. Senate investigation Of
1888 showed that Wiggin set up sew
eral fa~mily-owned dummy corpora
tons whose operations enabled him
to evade large federal income tax
payments and also used them as a
blind to trade in stock of the bank
which he headed.
Montana labor news., 1937-09-09
AFL Council Summons
Wesi Va. Labor Men
State Labor Federation Officials
Ordered to Explain Their Ac-
ton in Seating Convention
Delegates from c. /. o. Unions.
ATLANTIC CITY. \. ]. lAFLNsl

ATLANTIC CITY, N. j. (AFLNS).
The Executive Council of the
American Federation of Labor, in
session at the Hotel Ambassador,
moved to reorganize the West Vir-
ginia State Federation of Labor I'M
der the A. F. of L. banner.
This action was taken because the
State Federation had refused to
comply with the orders issued by
the Council to dissociate from its
ranks locals affiliated with the ma
tional and international unions sus-
pended by the American Federation
of Labor because of their member
ship in the Committee for Industrial
Organization.
William Green, president of the
A. F. of L., said that because the
convention of the West Virginia Fed
Grafton at Parkersburg had refused
to carry out the instructions of the
Executive Council, appropriate mea-
sures to make the Councils ruling
effective would be initiated.
If necessary, the Executive Coun-
Gil will revoke the State Federation's
charter and take the necessary legal
moves to obtain the books and pa
pers. Mr.. Green stated.
Convention Was Illegal
''The entire convention was il
legal" he said. Some locals were
seated illegally and should not have
been entitled to participate because
of the fact that they owe allegiance
to another labor organization.
Our first move will most likely
be to summon John B. Easton, presi-
dent of the State Federation of La
Dor, and Harry Norrington, secre-
tary, to answer to charges that they
violated their obligations as officers
of the American Federation of Labor.
eve received a request from
Charles r. Wood, a spokesman for
the loyal A. F. Of L. members, ask
ing that we take some action.
eve plan to follow this same
course in ali states where the c. l. o.
affiliates are permitted to participate
in the business of the State Fedora
tons. The next place will probably
be Pennsylvania"
Montana labor news., 1937-09-09
Labor Day Address oil
Sen. James {. Murray

l am happy to make this Labor
Day celebration my first public ap-
pearance in Montana following the
memorable 1887 session of Congress.
1 feel that it is most fitting that !
should return to my constituents at
this time and submit myself to an
inspection and examination on the
part of my friends and supporters
in the ranks of Labor who were
most instrumental in sending me to
the Senate of the United States.
Had it not been for the confidence
and support that the workers and
miners in Butte had for me in 1894
| never would have been selected
to fill the important seat in the Sen
ate made vacant by the death of the
late Senator Walsh.
I recall with a feeling of pride the
fact that l was given the endorse
ment of the Silver Bow Trades and
Labor Assembly in my first primary
campaign in 1884. That endorse
ment was not lightly given. 1t was
granted only after the most search
ing and painstaking study of my
record and of my dealings and re-
lations with the workers of this
county where l have resided for
over a third of a century.
Other able Democrats of high
character and standing contended
with me for the nomination and
support of Labor. We were all given
a respectful hearing, and I am sure
that action. was taken only after
the matter was thoroughly debated
in the Council Chambers of the As
sembly.
Now the time has arrived for me
to return to the people Of Silver
Bow County and give some account
of myself. The question is Have !
stood by my platform pledges and
promises?" Have I been faithful
to the principles I espoused when ]
went before the voters for approx
al?" In other words, Have I prom
ised n thing and done the oppo-
site?
My record in the Senate of the
United States is plainly written and
no one can be left in doubt. Every
action taken in Congress is the sub
Continued to Page g.
Montana labor news., 1937-09-09
unions WILL ASSIST
YOUTHS In GETTING
EMPLOYMENT In NYA

GREAT FALLS.-Youth desiring
employment with the National Youth
Administration should register. Such
a recommendation was made at the
last meeting Of the Cascade Trades
and Labor Assembly. It was for
merly reported that the available
money for use in employing young
people in this administration had not
been consumed. Cascade County
Commissioners are also assisting in
securing employment for youths in
the NYA.
No definite action was taken on
the proposal to declare Nash-Finch
unfair in Great Falls. The Team
sters requested additional time.
= = =
President Steinmetz in making a
report of his visit to Butte, together
with Keith Dolson, assured the dele
gates that the Butte unions would
support the Great Falls organiza-
tons, if necessary, to force the Eddy
Baking Company to a satisfactory
settlement with the Bakers in Great
Falls. At the present time Dele
gates Voden, Yeager, Biallis, Dolson,
LeFebre and Clark compose the gem
eral strike committee.
Members of the Machinists Union
and Fire Fighters Union will be
fined $40 if caught buying any I'M
fair bread or bakery goods.
Many unionists have indicated
their intention Of travelling to Lin
coin September II to be present at
a celebration, held to commemorate
Rogers Pass.
County Surveyor Hendrickson was
a visitor to the Council and ex-
planned how his office had arrived
at the wage scale which will be in
effect for the ensuing year.
3 y 4
The Cascade Assembly contributed
$25 to the Butchers champion soft
ball team to help defray expenses
to Chicago.
4 T. 8
Entertainment was provided at the
last meeting through the showing of
four special numbers by Julius Hill
gard, musical director Of the Labor
Day night show and Al Jaeger, pro-
Queer. The entertainment was APP
preciated and broke the usual mon
otony of the meeting.
Montana labor news., 1937-09-09
Union Representative
0piimisiiC About The
FOrf Peck Power Plan

Saying he felt that Senator
Wheeler was wrong in his opposi-
ton to the Presidents court reform,
Fred Martin, a member of the News
paper Guild and a visitor from Great
Falls to the Silver Bow Trades and
Labor Council, laid the defeat of the
wages and hours bill, farm legisla-
ton, and other important measures
to this Supreme Court attack.
In commencing his remarks, Mr..
Martin stated he was a native of
Butte and had formerly worked at
the Butte Daily Post.
The Cascade Trades and Labor
Assembly elected him to represent
them at a hearing before the Rivers
and Harbors Committee at the House
of Representatives at Washington, in
relation to a proposal to develop
electric power at Fort Peck. Mr..
Martin was also representing the
Farmers Union of Montana. This
organization is chiefly interested in
the development of irrigation.
After the hearing it was init
mated to Mr.. Martin, 50 he said,
that the people of Montana were
going to be satisfied with Fort Peck
development. Mr.. Martin interpret
ed this to mean that power would
be developed there. But it was not
only for future development of pow
er at Fort Peck, that Mr.. Martin
went to Washington, but also to see
if some of the power now being used
at Fort Peck could be curtailed and
transferred to other places, especial
ly to Great Falls, to be used in oper-
ating the zinc plant which has been
closed down.
Mr.. Martin said that reports of the
Army engineers and the Federal
Power Commission virtually con-
nived in blocking development of
Fort Peck power.
While in Washington MI. Martin
talked to Resident Green of the
American Federation of Labor. He
also visited c. l.. 0. headquarters,
After visiting these people, he made
the acquaintance of Mr.. Mcintyre,
secretary to President Roosevelt,
During his short stay at Washington,
Mr.. Martin became convinced of GER
tain very definite things and one OF
them is that there is a distinct cleav-
age in regard to the President. One
is either with him or against him.
The speaker said that he was con-
WINGED that Senator Wheeler was
wrong in his antagonism to the
Presidents court plan and this an
tagonism of Senator Wheeler was
largely responsible for the defeat of
the farm legislation, wages and hours
bill, and the liberal measures that
the people wanted.
Montana labor news., 1937-09-09
LABOR DAY picnic Is.
ENJOYED BY LARGE
And HAPPY CROWD
Senator Murray, Jerry O'COn-
nell, Mayor Hauswirth Give
Fine Addresses.

Notwithstanding a threatening
rain the night before and early in
the morning, Labor Day turned out
to be rather pleasant. Columbia
Gardens was the scene Of much ac-
tivity sponsored by the unions of
Silver Bow County. Perhaps the
outstanding feature of the day was
the cheerful attitude Of the people.
The sports program started about
noon. Some of the events were
rather serious but many of them had
a ludicrous touch, especially n
wherein contestants were required
to don some old fashioned women's
apparel.
The speaking in the grove was
well attended. James Comba, presi-
dent of the Silver Bow Trades and
Labor Council, presided and he in
troduced Mayor Hauswirth as the
first speaker. Mr.. Hauswirth was
well received. He pledged his fidel-
ity to the labor organizations, to the
working people, and their aims. He
is not a spectacular orator but made
quite a convincing talk.
The speech of Jerry O'Connell
could be classified into three dis
tinguished parts; n relating to the
Supreme Court, the other relating
to the accomplishments Of labor and
the last to the confinement of Tom
Mooney in California jails for the
last 20 years. Mr.. O'Connell pre-
diets great things for labor in the
ensuing years. He was heartily in
favor of the Supreme Court and
perhaps more than anyone else,
realized its vital position in refer
ence to the whole program that
President Roosevelt is trying to in
augurate for the people of the United
States. 1t is too bad that there are
not more congressman with the seri-
ousnes and sympathy of jerry
O'Connell. If we had more of them,
Tom Mooney would have been free
long ago, labor legislation would
have been passed and less poverty
would be prevalent in this land of
plenty.
Senator Murray covered quite ex-
tensively the history of the recent
session Of Congress. His address be-
gins in this issue and will continue
s~erially until finished.
Montana labor news., 1937-09-09
THE GERMAN WAGE
SCALE
Reprint from Chicago Daily News OF
Tuesday, June %, 1887.
By FRANK. KNOX
-n-I.- ~ IL.
Special Radio to The Chicago


Special Radio to The Chicago
Daily News,
PARIS, France, June 22,-Those
who find conditions in France I'M
satisfactory or unsettling should con-
trast them with those in Germany.
When the present Nazi govern
ment came into power in January,
1888, it found German working men
paid a scale Of wages that marked
the lowest point in the depression
In general, these same rates of pay
the depression low-are still main
tanned. In fact, it is illegal to pay
more, but a lesser rate may be paid
with the consent of the government.
To prevent an increase in wages, a
whole series Of regulations has been
issued, calculated to prevent a
workman from leaving one job for
another in order to earn more money
in the new job.
In an attempt to justify this pre-
vention of workers from improving
their wage status, DR.. Robert Levy,
head of the labor 'front.'" told an
audience of Bavarian workmen in
Munich; Germany is entering on a
period Of severe material privation,
and it will take US at least twenty
years to regain our prosperity. It is
more important to feed the souls OF
men than to fill their stomachs."
Assuming the wage level Of 1928
to be 100 in percentage, the general
average of wages paid hourly in 1882
before the advent Of the Nazis-
was 86.2 per cent. The general aver
age paid now is 1875, although wages
all over the rest of the world have
gone upl Measured in cents per
hour, German skilled workers were
paid 20.4 cents in 1882 and now are
paid 1875. Unskilled labor was paid
16.1 per cent in 1882. It is paid 1916
now.
To bring home to American read
ers the actual wage conditions in
Nazi Germany, I am going to take
the case of a worker in my own
profession, that of a typical linotype
operator. The figures I quote are
from official records.
We will assume that the family
consists of a man, his wife, a boy
aged IL, a girl of 7 and an 18-months-
old baby. The operators earnings
hourly are 1884 cents, which gives
him a weekly earning for a forty
four hour week of $1O.47, a monthly
wage Of $45 and an annual income
of $3.50.
Deductions and compulsory con
tributions weekly from the pay en-
Continued to Page g.