davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1937-03-14

the prisons and in 1882, in Russia
alone, 100000 cases were reported.
During epidemics the mortality rate
was as high as so per cent.
1t was not until 1909 that the cause
of the disease was proven. Charles
Nicolle, director of the Pasteur In
stitute in Tunis, showed that it was
transmitted by body lice. He received
the Nobel prize for this contribution
to science.
But the form taken by the disease
in the New World did not coincide
with these findings. Another Oman
from the Washington laboratories Of
the Health Institute, Maxcy. investi-
eating cases in our Southern States,
noted that, unlike the European species
Of typhus, this new malady did not
strike twice in the same place, Like
wise, said Maxcy, ut is occurring
among the well-to-do. Typhus as We
know it and as Nicolle identified 1t is
transmitted by body lice My patients
are not infested with these parasites
Nor do they live under conditions of
filth such as breed typhus in the Old
World"
OTHERS took up the pursuit.
Ricketts,, in Mexico, had already
sacrificed his life to the disease
Wilder, Anderson and Goldberger
took up where he left off. Maxcy
noticed an association between the
cases in this country and the hand
ling Of foodstuffs. This was suggestive
froptipund IN C;ytb Do oel
Evening star., 1937-03-14
There's One Soldier for Almost Every Hundred of Ctys Popua-
hon-For Myers Cavalry Meades Infantry, Bevoir's En-
gneers Boings Flyers, Walter Reeds Surgeons
TROOPS at posts where these

TROOPS at posts where these
schools are located play an i'm
portant part in the training of officers
and men who form the student bodies.
They serve as demonstration outfits,
making of the training a very practi-
cal thing. Student Engineer officers
at Fort Belvoir, Va, for example,
have Engineer troops and equipment
right at hand and can give practical
expression to classroom theory. The
same situation prevails at other posts
where schools are located. There are
four schools at the Army Medical
Center and Walter Reed General Hos
pital which give student medical off,
GERS, dentists and nurses an oppor-
tunity to see the practical application
OF their instructions.
Apart from their work as school
demonstration units, the Army outfits
here are engaged in unusually rigor-
GUS training programs of their own
They are called into the Capital fire.
quently for parades, demonstrations
and escort work, and there are show"
outfits.
Largest of the local Army posts is
Fort Myer. Its military population
today is Sc officers and 1883 enlisted
men. Eighteen months ago the total
strength was 942 officers and men.
Fort Myers troops are to Washing
ton what the Horse Guards are to
Evening star., 1937-03-14

blood. in the early l9O0s, developed
typhw after II days-proof that the
disease was present in the blood
stream.
Within his laboratory at the Ma
tional Health Institute DR.. Dyer is
now making experiments upon colo
MES of rats, infected and uninfected
feas, guinea pigs and rabbits in a
fight against a mysterious form of
this ancient disease that. appearing
first among some immigrants who had
entered New York City, occurred spas
medically in that city and blazed a
trail of affliction in Atlanta, Ca;
Texas, North Carolina and Alabama,
just preceding and directly after the
World War.
Men, women and children came
down with burning fever that at
tackled them suddenly and was of
short duration. With mounting tenn
peratures, rash covered their bodies.
The onslaught lasted for about two
weeks. Sometimes the patient re-
covered in that time. When he did
not recover completely he died
Goldberger and Anderson were
among the early scientific G-men
sent out from the National Institute
Of Health to study and fight the dis
ease. Ricketts,, of the University of
Chicago, outlived experiments with
Rocky Mountain spotted fever in
Montana, to succumb to the ravages
OF typhus, and died as direct result
Of laboratory infection.
VERY little had been known Of this
disease in the New World.
Nathan E. Brill discovered 1t first In
New York and therefore it was called
Brill's disease. He remarked its close
resemblance to cases Of typhus fever.
But when, in attempting to identify
the disease, he inoculated monkeys
with blood drawn from some Of his
patients, he was unsuccessful in in
fecting them and concluded the dis
ease could not be typhus as it was
known in the Old World.
Typhus in its Old World form had
been the scourge of armies for CEN
turies, though what transmitted it
was not known. At Granada in the
days Of Columbus it was known as
eel tarbadiglo," the "red cloak" and
1t had played havoc with those early
peoples. During Napoleon's retreat
from Moscow there was an epidemic
Of the same disease, and it ragged
through the Serbian army in 1915.
Thousands died from it during and
directly after the World War As
"jsil fever It adnpread throughout
Evening star., 1937-03-14
By Joseph S. Edgerfou.

~ N INAUGURATION day and
other important occasions in
the National Capital there
~ appear upon Pennsylvania
avenue khaki-clao troops represent
ting virtually all the arms and services
OF the United States Army. Between
times, so far as the average Wash
mgtonlan is concerned, they disap-
pear. Where do they go? What do
they do in the intervals of their in
frequent appearances here?
Fort Myer, Va, the home of the
famous Sd Cavalry and the 10Th Field
Artillery, is very well known to many
people. There are staged the famous
Friday afternoon rides" which at
tract hundreds OF spectators.
But there are other Army posts,
many Of them, which are little known
and seldom visited by the general pub
lie. These are the homes OF troops of
the other arms Of the services and
they, too, are colorful and of great
Importance to the Capital, not only
As the backbone of it's defense sys-
TEN, but from an economic stand
point.
The total strength Of the military
forces in the District of Columbia
and its immediate vicinity, not in
eludtng the great Infantry post at
Fort George G. Meade, Nd, today
Is approximately 5000. This military
population represents an increase of
nearly Fl per cent during a period
OF 10 months, the Capital having
benefited far more than the country
As whole from the increased strength
Of the Army ordered by Congress. This
increase, from 145,000 to 1865 900,
represents a gain of about 13 per
cent. In view, however, of the fact
that the Army has been built up,
30 far, to only about $4,000 makes
the proportionate gain here the
greater.
What is the daily life of these Off
GERS and men? 1t is public knowl-
edge, Of course, that the Army en-
cages in many activities on behalf
OF the civil government. The Air
Corps, at Boiling Field, is almost
continuously engaged in mapping ac-
tivities and aerial survey work. Its
Photographic section has mapped the
District several times. 1t has made
aerial traffic studies. Flood control
studies have been made by Boiling
Field in the Potomac and Susoue-
hanna Valleys. The Army Engineers
not only are engaged in a great
variety of engineering and long-range
development projects in and near
washington, but they participate in
emergency relief projects. The troops
occasionally have important escort
and police functions.
But these activities, important
though they may be, are only small
part OF the peace-time life of Army
Units IN and near Washington. One
OF the important regular functions
here Is the operation of the Army
educational system. It probably will
come as surprise to Washingtonians
70 learn that there are Is Army COL
aeges and schools of various kinds in
this vicinity.
Evening star., 1937-03-14

THE Army Medical Center, in North
west Washington. is the outgrowth
of the old United States Army Hos
pital of Civil War days. 1t is named
for Maj. Walter Reed. world-famous
sanitarian and bacteriologist Up to
the World War, Walter Reed General
Hospital had a capacity Of l20 beds.
1t was expanded to $500 beds during
the war and now is down to about
1900 beds.
The medical center is more than
hospital. 1t is the home of the
Army Medical School, the Army Den
tai School, the Army School of Nursing
and the Army Veterinary School. The
medical school was founded in 1893
by Surg. Gen. Sternberg and first was
located in the Army Medical Museum
pendence avenue.
The medical center has one Of the
worlds largest vaccine plants, produc-
ing not only for the Army. but for
civilian use in such emergencies as
the recent Ohio River floods. 1t
raises monkeys, guinea pigs and other
animals for study in its Laboratories
and even breeds sterile" maggots for
use in destroying diseased bone and
flesh in infected wounds-a lesson of
the World War.
Next to Fort Myer, perhaps the
best known Of the Army posts in
Washington is Boiling Field, the local
Air Corps base. Boiling Field, named
for Lieut.. Col. Raymond P. Boiling,
killed in action In France, wasNstab-
lished in 1919. The old post recently
was turned over to the Navy Depart
ment to become part of the Ana
costa Naval Air Station as soon as
the Army moves to its new airdrome
on higher ground adjoining the old
field on the south. This new field,
to be one of the finest Of its size, is
well advanced.
Boiling Field has gained little in
personnel during 18 months. It now
has % officers and 463 men.
Virtually all types of military aircraft
are assigned to this post. They are
used largely for the continued flight
u oiiliilS VI All SOl po OulCeIS dSSlSIlcQ
to desk jobs in the War Department.
These officers are assigned to Boiling
for flying and keep their hands in by
regular local, cross-country and in
strurhent flights in the types of air
planes for which they were trained.
Boiling Field also provides the air
planes for liaison flying between Wash
ington and Air Corps posts in all parts
Of the country.
Boiling now is installing a thor
oughly up-to-date airport traffic con-
troll toWeA
FORT HUMPHREYS, D. c., is the
goal of all Army officers, since it
is the home Of the Army War College.
The number of students at the college
varies, but at the time Of the last
available strength report .h.rs were SO
student officers there.
Fort Humphreys also is home of the
famous Army Band, which ranks today
Continued on Eighth Page.)
Evening star., 1937-03-14

and E streets, next to the Naval Hos
pital.
To the scientists who labor in these
laboratories goes the credit for great
advances in our knowledge Of two new
disease entities of similar nature in
this country-Rocky Mountain spotted
fever and endemic typhus-and their
studies, undertaken in the last decade,
have cast light on the prevalence of
one and mode Of transmission of the
other. DR.. Dyer has achieved distin-
gulshed results in his efforts to ascer-
tain the carrier of the typhus germ,
and today, in the Washington labora-
tory, he is giving his attention to
development of vaccine or some
practical mode of immunization
against the American form of typhus.
1t is this newer manifestation of
the disease in this country as con-
trasted to the epidemic typhus of the
Old World, that is the object of the
institutes most intensive research. In
certain Southern and Eastern sections
OF the United States spotted fever
has been mistaken for typhus in the
past, before a distinct line was drawn
by our scientific G-men between the
epidemic typhus and the endemic
typhus fevers.
Epidemic typhus, DR.. Dyer points
out, was known to have existed in
Europe and Asia for several centuries,
but it is impossible to separate typhus
from other diseases in early records
of the Mediterranean civilizat tions.
Not until the eleventh century were
epidemics described in enough detail
to make sure that typhus was meant.
Scientific Investigators tell us that the
first definite record of epidemic typhus
is the description of an epidemic in
. monastery near Salerno, Italy, in
1888. In Bohemia, in 1906, an epi-
demic, apparently Of typhus, broke
out, and DR.. Dyer calls attention to
the fact that all through history the
appearance of typhus has been pre-
ceded by a crop failure and famine,
and adds, The tendency of epidemic
typhus to bloom among distressed
peoples has been noted by every writer
on the epidemiology of the disease to
this day."
TYPHUS, in its Old World form, has
= thus been associated with poverty
and nth and human misery, and has
been q disease most prevalent in the
lower strata of society. It's next most
noticeable chara cteristic, says DR..
Dyer, Is It's communicability from man
to man. Idkewtsss It nourkhes most
Evening star., 1937-03-14

Note-This is the fourth in d series
or articles describing the thrilling
and tdr-redching 1Dork OF the C.
men OF science" in the National In
stitute OF Health, Uho are conduct
ing profound and perilouS studies
toWdrd the prevention and control
OF disease and laying plans for the
10orld-,Oide 1Dartare against bacteri-
illogical forces, Which shorten and
destroy human life.
Evening star., 1937-03-14

posed Of colored soldiers and acts as
color guard of the regiment.
One Of the features of the famous
Friday rides which always mystifies
visitors is the silent" Cavalry drill.
The mounts are ridden bareback, with
out reinS, and the drill is performed
Evening star., 1937-03-14

The Field Artillery battalion is the
largest unit at the post, with Is Of
f1cers and $50 men. The Sd Cavalry
has % officers and 435 men at Myer.
The 10th Cavalry troop, however,
adds three officers and LOG men to the
Cavalry strength. This troop is com.
Evening star., 1937-03-14

investigator, suggested that this para
site might be the vector Of the disease,
and bearing out the contention, Cor
tezo, in 1908, reported that from his
experience in Madrid the disease was
transmitted by lice. Scientists, in
oculating themselves Nth Vphus
Evening star., 1937-03-14

virulently in the Winter and Spring.
All of these distinguishing peculiari-
ties of epidemic typhus are explained
by the habits of that obnoxious little
"arthropod," or six-legged parasite,
known as the body louse
Back In l7o6 Tobias Cob N early
Evening star., 1937-03-14

W The Sd Cavalry goes the top. (2) Troops
from Fort Meade the march. (3) Gas mask drill at
Fort Meade. ~ The tanks coming (5) Revile.
l6) Camp Meades 34th Infantry the 2OO.yard firing
line - Inspiration for peace the chapel at Fort
Myer, Va
Evening star., 1937-03-14
By Lucy Salamanca.

~ NE MILL1ONTH Of one
I typhus- infected flea, ground
up and diluted, and injected
~ into healthy guinea pig Is
enough to bring the healthy animal
down with an attack of typhus fever,
DR.. R. e. Dyer tells us. That, we
suggest, is a very appalling potency
and serves as graphic illustration
OF the dangers to which human be-
ings are subjected, in one instance
alone, in the course of their daily
lives.
To make the world safer against
typhus is the job of Dr. Dyer. This
eminent scientist, who has made a
concentrated study for many years
of scarlet-fever germs and typhus, in
an effort to derive a vaccine that will
prove efficient in fighting the ravages
of these two diseases, is assistant di-
rector Of the National Health Insti-
tute in Washington, D. c., which, as
part of the United States Public
Health Service, functions in the white
stone laboratories, at Twenty nth
Evening star., 1937-03-14

~ N INAUGURATION day and
1 other important occasions in
the National Capital there
~ appear upon PENNSYLVANIA
Evening star., 1937-03-14

Continued on Sixth Page
Evening star., 1937-03-14

Continued on Eighth Page.)
Evening star., 1937-09-21
CHICAGO PRODUCE.

CHICAGO. September 81 lP.-Poultry,
live. 40 trucks: hens steady: chickens
easier. Leghorn hens. 1e. Springs. 4
pounds up and less than pounds, colored,
90: Plymouth and White Rock. 22la:
broilers. colored, 22: Plymouth and White
Rock. "a: bareback chickens is: Leghorn
chickens. 20: other live poultry prices un-
changed.
Butter 1O.139: easier: prices unchanged.
Eggs. 1862: steady: prices unchanged.
Potatoes, II SO; on track. 417: total u. S.
shipments, 696: weak: supplies heavy, de-
mand slow: sacked per cwt.. Idaho. Rus
set Burbanks; y; S: No; l, 1.50-65: few,
best. 1.s0; y. S. No. 9. 1.20-40: Idaho.
Bliss Triumphs, U. S. No. l. LIS; u. S.
commercials. LOO; Colorado. Bliss Tri-
umphs, U. s. No. l loo: Russet Burbanks.
U. S. No. l. 1.25; Washington. Russet
Burbsnks,. U. S. No. i, large, 1902. 5;
North Dakota, Bliss Triumphs. U. S. No.
] and partly graded s5-95: Cobbers, U.
g. No. ! and partly graded, 90-95: Mime
sofa: ,Warbus:. U. s. No. ! and partly
graded rs: Wisconsin, Cobblers. U, S. No.
], 95-1 90: Wisconsin. Warbus U. S. No.
] and partly graded, 10: Bliss Triumphs,
y: s. No. 1, S5; Iowa, Cobblers. U. s. No.
i. S5.
Evening star., 1937-09-21
REVIVAL EXPECTED
IN MEMS CLOTHING
Gains Over 1885 Reduced After
Substantial Progress of
First Quarter.

Special Dispatch TO The Star.
NEW YORK, September 2l.-Un-
daunted by the irregular rate of i'm
provement during the Spring and
Summer months, the mems clothing
trade has prepared for a more con-
tinuous broadening of demand for
the remainder of 1887, according TO a
survey by Dun g. Bradstreet, Inc.
While progress has been recorded
for the fourth consecutive year, mar
gins have been narrowed since the
first quarter. Gains of 10 to IS per
cent set down for retail sales in that
period over 1896 were cut to to Is
per cent for the eight months; pro-
duction increases OF is to 80 per cent
shrank to to 20 per cent Whole
sale buying was restricted by heavy
carry-overs.
Consumer buying at the start of
September developed enough strength
to dispel most fears regarding the out
come OF the Fall season. Equaling
the average 1896 rise of 80 per cent
was held unlikely. but conservative
trade estimates set 1887 retail sales
volume at approximately 20 per cent
more than last years. Much of the
increase would emanate from farm
districts, and a further sales stimulus
would be provided by the adoption
of installment selling by many inde-
pendents, and the Inauguration of the
limited-payment plan by more of the
chain-store systems.
Evening star., 1937-09-21
OUTLOOK BRIGHT
FOR FILM FIRMS
Profits of Industry Appear
to Be Headed for Good
Fourth Quarter.
Special Dispatch to The Gar.

Special OlSpeich 10 Ine GSar.
NEW YORK, September 21.--Profits
in the motion picture industry appear
headed for favorable last quarter,
and prospects for at least the fore
part of 1888 seem generally good, ac-
cording to the Standard Statistics Co.
Box Office prices were increased
again during August, bringing the
average for the country as whole to
an estimated 10 per cent above the
level in force last year.
Moreover, as the lowest admission
group, which comprises sizable per-
centage Of the country's theaters but
which does not figure appreciably in
producer-owned chains, participated
in only limited degree in the advance,
the current scales of theaters in which
the producing companies have direct
interests are believed to be consid-
erably more than 10 per cent above
those Of 1886.
Attendance has shown little or no
decline as the advances have gone into
effect. AS matter of fact, Labor
day attendance was reported as the
highest in history, and the trend since
has apparently been up to expecta-
tions. The combination Of higher box
office prices and greater patronage
should more than offset the producers
cost increases.
Profits over the rest of this year
should be satisfactory and the longer
range outlook is mainly favorable
The fact that movie going and the
industry's earnings held at close to
peak levels until well into 1881 sug-
gests that operations should weather
a fair-sized decline in general business
without much difficulty.
This view is bolstered by the fact
that the rural areas are much better
off than in 1901, as well as by the
prospect that foreign business will
hold up well. The latter accounts for
80 per cent to 40 per cent of the do
mestic industrys total gross.
Evening star., 1937-09-21
FASTER PACE SET
At COTTON MILLS
August Rate of 1905 Per
Cent Compares With
1919 for July.
By the Associated Press.

by tne Associated Press.
The Census Bureau reported today
that the cotton spinning industry had
operated during August at 1905 per
cent Of capacity. compared with 1919
per cent during July this year and
115.8 per cent during August last year.
Spinning spindles in place August
81 totaled 26,923,712, of which "a
1853, 102 were active at some time dur
ing the month, compared with &c.
987,716 and 24,39l, 1872 for July this
year and 28.065,518 and 23,433,65 for
August last year.
Active spindle hours for August
totaled 8,184,561, 1888, or an average of
304 hours per spindle in place. COM
pared with 1865. OBS, ,632 and 284 for
July this year and 1873 3,009,997 and
270 for August last year.
Spinning spindles in place August
81 in cotton growing States totaled
1881 ,686, of which 17,775,110 we're
active at some time during the month,
compared with 18,896,138 and 17,751,-
056 for July this year, and 19,038,5 ,542
and 1929, ,442 for August last year.
Active spindle hours for August in
cotton growing States totaled $685.
888,033. or an average of 339 hours
per spindle in place. compared with
,329,989,364 and 314 for July this
year, and 5,853,804,413 and 307 for
August last year.
Active spindle hours and the aver
age per spindle in place for August
by States follow:
Alabama, 623,363,3S3 and 327;
Georgia, 1.053,176,372 and 324; Mis-
sissippi. 57,776,972 and 280; North
Carolina, 1,789, 716.O9O and 296; South
Carolina, 2,287,743,965 and 402;
Tennessee, 222, ,463 and 352: Texas,
81,s66,744 and 321, and Virginia, 22O,-
849, 1904 and 331. -
Evening star., 1937-09-21
10 LOw-Yield Bonds.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK. September 2l-The
bond market: led by rail issues, ad-
vanced into higher ground on a broad
front today. with gains ranging up to
around 2 points.
Missouri -Kansas-TeXaS SIS at one
time were up ? points A point or
more higher were New York Central
SIS, Pennsylvania Alas, Nickel Plate
tl2s, Frisco 4i2s and Southern Pa
Gifts 4l2s.
Industrial gamers included Stude-
baker IS, up L s. at one junction; Wal
worth Is, International Hydroelectric
-6s and International Telephone e.
Telegraph SIS.
Western Union SIS lost ground.
Lower also were Loew's 312s, McKes-
son g. Robbins 5l2s and Utilities Pow
er 81 Light SIS.
Most United States Governments
tilted upward, with prices ranging
from 6-32 higher to 1-32 lower.
Evening star., 1937-09-21
OIL OUTPUT
| UP 49,S77 BARRELS
Both Oklahoma and Texas
Report Large Increases
in Weekly Totals.
BY the Associated Press

By the Associated Press.
TULSA, Okla.., September 2t.-An
increase Of 4s,S77 barrels daily in the
national production of crude oil,
bringing the average daily output to
3,676,000 barrels for the week ended
September 18, was reported today by
the Oil and Gas Journal. W
Oklahoma had an increase Of A.
675 to- 609,175 barrels daily, East
Texas was up 1900 barrels to 479,250
daily and all of Texas jumped 11,098
to an average of 1,492,895 barrels
daily.
Louisiana had an increase Of 5,34O
to 26l,270 barrels daily, California was
up $4,000 to 694,750 and Kansas hao
jump of TOTS to 195,475.
Eastern States, including Michigan,
increased their output 2,726 to 1922
016 barrels daily and the Rocky Noun
tain area had an increase of 5,532
to 10000.
Evening star., 1937-09-21
INCREASE SHOWN
BY ADVERTISING
Retail Lineage Advances 4.S Per
Cent Ahead of Level
Year Ago.
Special Dispatch TO The Star.

Special Dispatch TO The Star.
CHICAGO, September 2l.-Through
September IL of this year retail dis
play advertising in 80 important
cities is 33,864,055 lines. or 4.8 per
cent, ahead Of the comparable period
of last year, according to a report
released by Advertising Age.
Newspapers in the measured cities
show total of 711,179,154 lines for
this year, against 678,315,099 lines
for the comparable period of last
year. Compared with 1885, this years
increase amounts to 10.6 per cent.
Due to prolonged warm weather,
which has delayed retail sales pro-
motion of Fall items, retail display
advertising for the seven-day period
ended September IL totaled 19,461 $50
lines, decline of 658.357 lines. or
3.3 per cent, from the 20, ,120,0l7-line
total shown for the corresponding
week of last year.