davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1937-08-22

formed. OF which Mr.. Morris was q
member, with full power to carry it
into execution with AL possible ex-
petition"
Even during the gloomiest hours Of
the Revolution, Morris faith never fall
tered, and 20, on the very day that
Congress was compelled to retire to
Baltimore, We ffnd him borrowing
$40. 900 for the use Of the Marine Com
mittee. Nor did he leave Philadelphia
at this critical time, but on the con-
trary accepted appointment on q con-
Krenional committee of three to re-
main IN that city with power to eve
cute al necessary and proper CONT
Evening star., 1937-08-22

4 coin on their tongues.
This news does not signify, how
ever. that Capital tradespeople should
anticipate overeagerly the convention
this month Of the American Numis-
matte Association. For the numis-
matists are hoarders, after a fashion
Their treasure Of coins Is not for
spending, but represents valuable col
lections from which the owners can
read much of the history of man and
mans exchange.
The ancient Greeks coined the
word "nomisma," from which is de-
rived "numismatics." the science Of
coins and medals. The English word
is a jaw-breaker, but 50 is ''philatel-
ist." So the stamp collectors are no
better of from this standpoint than
the coin lovers.
From the study Of coins numismat-
lists learn of the life and times of
the periods at which the pieces are
minted, Of the art of past civiliza-
tions and Of fragmentary bits of de-
tail about peoples and places. AL
coins are of metal of some sort,
hence are more durable than most
other relics. They reveal ancient
truths long sought by archeologists,
confirm or deny age-old theories. i.
Many of the metallic gems of the
| finest American coin collections will
be on display during the week Of the
associations convention in the Wash
ington Hotel. Among these are speci-
| mems of every coin issued in the
United States, both before and since
independence, from the first regular
minting in 1852 to the latest proof
sets" State coins will be shown and
the entire United States issue of halt
cents, large cents, small cents, 2 and
3 cent pieces, both silver and nickel
/ silver half dimes, commemorative
half dollars and such coin freaks"
! as the hard times tokens" OF Jack
sons administration and tokens is
sued during the Civil War to fill the
need for small coins when regular
issues had been depleted.
Large collections OF Colonial paper
money and obsolete bank bills of
closed banks Of Maryland, Virginia
and the District Of Columbia and q
sample OF every bill issued by the
United States, including the fractional
bills, which appeared about the same
time as the first engraved paper cur
rency. will be on view. and a special
showing Of the most noted collec-
ton Of Confederate bills will be a
decided feature Of the exhibit.
MANY of the noted collectors OF
ancient coins will show their
prize pieces and there are. IN addi-
| ton, the modern coins Of foreign ma
tions, such as complete collection OF
English crowns and another prize COL
lection of uncirculated English colonial
coins. Roman, Persian, Armenian,
Chinese, Polish and Greek coins show
the various types Of ancient and mod
ern coinage, and small but complete
collection Of Saxe-Weimar gold Is one
| OF the most noted collections Of it,
kind.
Despite the tact. that there have
been innumerabls peddls issued In
Evening star., 1937-08-22

poet, statesman and philosopher,
whose wife w1s the Senator's sister,
and st the foot Of this estste, about
ut the intersection Of Massachusetts,
and Florida avenues, the BarloWB
erected an attractive tomb, to which
the body Of Abraham BALDWIN was
transferred. and later members OF
the Barlow and Bomford families were
inferred here. Stephen Decatur Was
also buried here after his fatal duel
with Commodore Barron, and here
his body remained for 70 years, until
removed to st. Peters church yard In
Philadelphia.
WHEN Massachusetts avenue was
w extended beyond Florida ave-
nue., in 1892, IA bodies, including
that OF Abraham Baldwin. were re-
moved to Rock Greek Cemetery on
February II Of that year. Regarding
Baldwin's burial place, Prof Selden
Marvin Ely. for many years connected
with the Washington public schools,
writing for the proceedings OF the
Columbia Historical Society IN 1917.
has this to say:
The bones OF Senator Abraham
Baldwin Of Georgia lie In Rock Creek
Cemetery under small marble
monument, erected jointly to the
memory Of his sister. Mrs. Joel Bar
low, and himself The remains OF
Senator Baldwin were thrice inferred,
first in Rock Greek. beside his COL
league, Senator James Jackson. then
transferred TO Kalorama and finally
again to Rock Creek, Just down the
slope from the famous Saint 0audens'
figure"
Eldridge Gerry is buried In Con-
gressional Cemetery. He WAS born In
Marblehead. Mass. July II. l744. and
died suddenly on his way to the Capt.
tol. Washington, D. c., November a,
1914. In 1910 and 1911 he WAS elected
Governor Of Massachusetts,. and it
was his party which, in 1912. divided
Essex County into . dragon-shaped
district for political reasons. . course
which resulted in coming . new word
for the ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS"
He vas active In his efforts for
American independence, and after
serving IS . member Of the Colonial
House OF Representatives from 1772
to TITS became . delegate to the Conti-
mental Congress, where he served from
l776 to l7S0 and from 1888 to 17s5.
He was also . delegate to the Con-
stitutional Convention Of the United
States, held in Philadelphia in 1887,
but refused to sign the instrument
upon the grounds that he felt it gave
the President too much power. He
WAS member of the first and second
Congresses, serving from March 4,
1888, to March ). 1888. In 1897 he
WIS one Of the ENJOYS sent to France
on . secret mission to establish rela-
tions with that country.
HIS election to the vice presidency
on the ticket with James Mad
ison occurred in 1912, and he served
as such until his death. on Novem-
Der %. 1914 His grave is covered
with a handsome monument, which
was erected by an act OF Congress
Evening star., 1937-08-22

eszhtp and in the museums Of the
larger cities.
RY FAR the most interesting and
artistic ef present-day coinage is
that Of the commemorative coins,
principally Of the half-dollar silver
variety, although at various times
commemorative coins have been issued
In gold. With each new issue q COM
pletely different design appears ap-
propriate to the event which its issu-
ance commentaries. Originally de-
signed to commemorate events of ma
tonal character, there have been van-
Gus Of these coins issued and others
continue to be petitioned for which
are In commemoration of events of
little importance nationally. but their
minting has resulted from . desire to
show material pride in local history.
The flrst Of these commemorative
half dollars was the Columbian, issued
coincident with the opening Of the
Columbian Exposition in Chicago In
1902. As . matter of fact, the expo
sition was delayed one year In OPEN
ing. but the first Columbian coins
bare the date 1892. approximately
1000, 900 Of the 1892 issue and over
l,s00, 900 Of the 1893 minting were
placed in circulation, and today these
Columbian half-dollars are many
times found in regular circulation.
From then on commemorative ap-
peared at frequent intervals, all
minted at one mint in accordance
with the provisions of the act author
idng the coinage. However. in 1888
these coins began to appear In sets,
one from each OF the present operat-
ing mints, Philadelphia. Denver and
San Francisco, and the dnele issue
Of the past became the triple issue OF
1885.
The original intent to commemorate
only events Of national importance
has seemingly been lost sight Of In
the rush Of various groups to place
some local celebration in the national
eye. These groups organised Tor the
purpose Of celebrating the anniversary
Of the community's charter or even
the change OF name Of the village or
some celebration which exists only in
the minds of the group, and lacking
the necessary funds to prepare for
such . celebration, took new heart
when the subject Of the commemo-
rative coin was suggested. A. . re-
suit, these groups. whose interest
seems to run more to the price for
which each coin shall be sold than
to the commemoration Of the event,
have become quite active In having
bills introduced in Congress for the
minting Of the particular coin.
Since the nrst issue In 1857 there
have appeared 81 commemorative
ootns, - ef' them In the "oommemora-
tive" year 1885. True. al Of these
ne not sepante issues, but are sepa-
rats niqthU, for many q ths issues
vsrs Of lach quantities that tbs mint
Evening star., 1937-08-22
RARE COIN COLLECTIONS WILL BE EXHIBITED HERE

ing at one mint or In one year would
have flooded the country with that
particular Issue. which would have
defeated the purpose Of the sponsor
ing group. A remedy was found for
this apparent oversight on the part
Of the group by obtaining permission
to have the coins minted ut the
three mints and tn succeeding years.
Congress is considering . bill to
limit such coinage to commemorate
events Of national importance only
and the issue to one mint and one
year. This interesting discussion win
no doubt continue On the floor of the
convention, and delegates to the
Silver Jubilee meeting are expected
to liven the sessions with debate
SO FAR little has been said about
the collector. although it Is he
who forms the nucleus Of every
numismatic group. for unless one
collects coins he IS unable to study
satisfactorily the history Of the
peoples who issued them. The
ancients for some reason did not make
any serious attempt to collect speci-
mems of their coinage in the sense
that collecting is practiced today
Many of them did put aside certain
Of their coins, Or Of those which
came into their hands through trade,
which we're struck in artistic designs
or were unusual In their beauty. but
the search for the various designs and
coinAges does not seem to have In
terested the early peoples.
Francesca Petrarca, the great four
teenth century poet and haugurator
Of the Renaissance In Italy, Is gener-
ally credited with being the f1rst
person to make any effort to ra,nass
. collection Of coins Since his time,
however, the science has invited .
tremendous following among all classes
and nations. The fact that coins
are minted in various values from
the lowest to the most valuable makes
the collection Of coins . comparatively
easy pastime for all classes and all
ages.
It Is not generally known that many
Of the worlds finest collections are
owned by Americans and many OF the
noted groups Of coins and medals in
our great museums represent the gift
Of some outstanding collector to the
city Of his birth. Pussibly the fact
that Americans are extensive world
travellers Is responsible for these coll
lections being owned BY our country
men. They are thus able to visit
the markets Of the world or pick up
choice pieces In the out-of- -the-way
corners Of the globe which eventually
become . part Of their own collection
Or are traded for others In the COL
lections Of friends.
No doubt many IN American COL
lection has had its beginning q .
result Of one trip to . foreign land.
Possibly some interesting foreign coin
has been found tn the change from
hst-minute purchase without oppor-
tunity Of exchange before sailing. It
inrigues the traveller and he puts It
aside for further study. It may be
that it, history interests him Of It
represents some interesting part of
his trip. Whatever the reason, It
will, in all probability. become the
nucleus Of another collection and
thus . new collector comes into the
= vhespread numismat3c world.
Evening star., 1937-08-22

the mint, the denomination Of the
piece on the reverse. Silver coins nrss
appeared In 1874, and gold the follow
ing year. Part Of the first mintinQ
were distinct As to the designs, for
the bust Of the Goddess Of Liberty on
the silver coins depicted that lady With
her hair hanging down her back,
whereas on the gold coins Of the fol-
lowing year Liberty wore the famous
cap.
The act further prescribed that upon
the reverse Of each Of the gold and
silver coins there should be the figure
or representation Of An eagle, with the
inscription. United States Of Amer
lea" The word Liberty and, most
naturally. the year of the coinage
were other requirements. Changes
have been made in the design of the
devices, but the silver and gold coins
Of Unitd States mintage have remained
in almost every detail similar to the
first issues from the Philadelphia mint
With the addition of other States to
the original Is there came q decision
to add . star for each State, but after
the sixteenth STATE was thus COM
memorated, wise heads found this plan
inconvenient, for II the Nation con-
tinued to grow Is It gave early prom
ise, stars would cover the reverse. The
stars then were limited to Is.
The Owl War added materially to
the design Of the coins Of the United
States with the introduction of the
inscription In God We Trust" Ap-
peals from many sources for some rec
ognition Of the Deity on our coins in
nuenced the then Secretary Of the
Treasury, Samuel p. Chase, to forward
the authorization for the inclusion,
upon the diverse Of our coins, Of q
motto expressing the trust OF the
American people In God. and IN 1854
the motto as we know It today on our
coins appeared drst on Z new 2-cent
piece.
In 1880 there appeared gold coins
Of . private mintins. struck at Ger
tain mtnts IN the Southeastern and
Far Western States. The quantities
were small in the former but fairly
large in the latter, due principally to
the scarcity and wealth of material
IN the respective places. There
seemed to be no real economic reason
for this private minting, although the
United States entered into negotia-
tions with private California frm
to mint = number OF gold coins. The
establishment Of the mint at San
Francisco made unnecessary this con-
tract, but the coins - minted by the
private Arms were readily accepted
as legal tender. The reason Was obvi-
Gus, for they conformed In general to
those Of Government striking already
In circulation. Today this Oaltfornta
gold u much sought after hy collectors
and mAnz. ptsoss are found n ths
noted COLI tsona both IN private own
Evening star., 1937-08-22

ROBERT MORRIS,
Ftn0ncter OF the American
Revolution and a stqner OF
the Constitution. He later tods
sent to prison for debt.
mental business. To accomplish this
he moved his family to the country
and resided with an intimate friend
who had resolved, at every hazard, to
remain in the city.
! 1PON another occasion when the
Army was desperately in need Of
food. he pledged his own fortune for
the payment Of several thousand bar
rels Of -four in order to obviate the
necessity Of the commander in chief
seiEng all the provisions Of the nearby
country. Regarding this incident, .
letter written by Mr. Morris states:
1T seems that Gen. Washington Is
now in the utmost necessity for some
immediate supplies Of hour, and must
either undertake to procure them or
Evening star., 1937-08-22

Elbridge Gerry Baldwin, who was
signer OF the Constitution, died in this
city while serving as . Senator from
Georgia. and was first buried In Rock
Creek church yard, and at . subse-
quent date his body was placed in the
vault at Kalorama, still remembered
BY many.
KaloramA Mansion stood on s
street, near Phelps place, for many
year. surrounded, in the early days, by
upward Of 90 acres of beautiful wooded
land, along which ran Rock Creek.
About the time Senator Baldwin
died 1t was bought by Joel Barlow,
Evening star., 1937-08-22
Com Collectors You) Will Display oards
Nnted in the United States Before Since
Pieces From Foreign Lands
This Month";.

honor OF the first President. the most
important collection Of these medals
has one Of each type and may be con-
sidered complete. Another great
medal collection shows one Of each Is
sued In memory Of Abraham Lincoln
One OF the most interesting of the
foreign exhibits is the vast collection
OF eighteenth century English tokens
The convention this year marks the
silver jubilee of the American Numis-
matte Association as a chartered Or
ganization. The membership has
steadily grown until it covers the en-
tire United States and many foreign
countries. for its name has become
known throughout the civilized world.
Here in Washington the Washington
Numismatic Society, a branch of the
parent association, has . large men,
bership and meets the second Tuesday
IN each month in its own headquarters
in the Hotel Washington.
The officers Of the association are
generally selected from as wide an
area as Is consistent with good organ
ization, and this years officers which
1t is believed will be elected come from
Chicago, New York City. San Fran
cisco and Ell Paso, 30 that the group
has . variety OF ideas and plans for
advancement of the science.
This year the association is celebEat-
ing not only its silver jubilee, but the
most prosperous year in its history,
for more advance has been made tn
the study of numismatics during 1885,
81 and more interest has been aroused
from the standpoint of the collector
than ut any time during its existence
N1Ns have, since their beginning,
been the object Of interest and
admiration Of design. and the finer
pieces have been sealously boarded.
In many lands coins became the
means Of expression for the most noted
and skillful artists and sculptors, and
today many Of the gems of their
artistry have fortunately been pre-
served for moderns to study.
The f1rst known coinage was intro
duced by the Lydians about 750 BIC,
although it is not generally believed
these were issued under authority Of
the state. This belief comes from the
rather poor shape, not at all like later
issues from the same ancient peoples,
and the wide difference which exists
IN the weight and purity of the same
issue. The ancients, however, learned
the value Of Standardization of their
coinage. for it was not long before
Croesus became the EmpeYpr Of the
Asia Minor states and changed the
crude Lydian pieces into disks Of
pure gold and silver. To this early
f1nanceer the world owes the flrst
definite figures on coins, mainly Of the
OK and the lion. .~
Coinage spread with great rapidity
to the Ionian coastal states and to
the Islands In tl,e Aegean Ga and
thence "a to ore y and her colonies
Evening star., 1937-08-22

In italy and Sicily. Thus by the
time OF the great PerstAn Wars, coins
were In common usage tn the cities
Of the Greek world. Much Of the
trade was carried on in Africa, Italy
and the provinces Of Asia Minor and
as traders obtained goods in exchange
for the gold Of Greece, the coins Of
that nation were quite familiar to
the peoples of the Mediterranean
states.
These Persian Wars also marked
the period Of greatest development in
the art Of coin design, and from this
time the human head became the
main emblem of the coins. Formerly
each coin had impressed upon it the
badge or seal OF the state issuing 1t,
but with the introduction of the
human head the seal Of the state was
removed from the diverse and ap-
peared whenever desired on the re-
verse. This change in the markings
on coins seemed to strike Z popular
response tn all the COIN issuing states,
for 1t gave the native artist . wide
field tn which to display his talents.
Thus coins, Is We know them today,
are minted In practically the same
standard shape and design as those
in early Roman periods. With new
trade routes being rapidly opened,
for the Ancients were important
traders and pioneers, coins came into
common usage in the new colony
almost as soon as . form Of govern
mens WAS established.
WHEN colonists sought other shores
for . new homeland, the coins
OF the mother country went with
them and carried the same authority
and exchange value Is Ut home. Thus,
IN our own country. the Spanish
doubloon became = familiar piece OF
mouey and various early deeds and
contracts carried the stipulation that
payment should be made In Spanish
doubloons or similarly valued coins.
The coming Of the English In great
emigrations brought coins Of Great
Britain. These were In general uss
until the organization Of the Virginia
company, the first attempt at Or
CANNED colonization. In 1912 there
appeared shillings, sixpences and
threepences with the figure of .
hog impressed on each. These coins
formed the famous "Hogge" money Of
the Virginians, but its coinage did
not receive the popular acclaim which
regular issues of British coins enjoyed.
The first regular mint Of the United
States was established by resolution
Of the Continental Congress Its loca-
ton was Philadelphia, and its date Of
establishment April 8, 1872. Eleven
months later this mint struck the i1rSt
coins Of the new Nation. the cent and
half cent, on the diverse Of which the
hut Of LbeIty xas Impressed and, u
accordance With the oct estahlishing
Evening star., 1937-08-22
BASIC LAWGIVERS|
Members of Original and Historic Band
That Made Constitution Connected
With Washington as Capital.

| 10 years ola, ana daughter named
Mary, about years old. The lady
1 married Is a daughter Of Daniel
Carrol1. son OF Charles Carroll. ESQ,
OF Littertone, who came from Ireland
and settled in this country.
Two of his sons survived out OF
great manly children-Charles and
Daniel-the latter my vtfe's father,
who died in the year 1874 and left
three children, Charles. Z. w. (my
wtfe) and Mary. Charles mherits
about 600 pounds per annum-win
not probably marry, and Mary y
married to one Mr.. Ignattus Digres.
Charles Carroll. ESQ, eldest brother
to my wife'S father, is living and y
worth about 100000 pounds and Il
the second richest man In our prov
ince. My eldest sister, Ann, Is
well married to one Mr.. Robert Brent,
In Virginia. . province to the north
ward OF this, divided BY the River
Potomac. He lives about so miles
from us. They have one child, named
George. My brother John Was sent
abroad for his education on my return
and Is now q Jesuit at Leige, teaching
philosophy and eminent In hts pro-
fession E. W.. my second sister, Il
married. likewise very well, to one MI.
William Brent, in Virginia, near my
eldest sister She has three boys and
one girl. My sisters Mary and Betsey
are unmarried and live chiefly with
my mother, who is very wen'
As TO Daniel Carroll Of Dudding-
ton, he was q second cousin of
Charles Carroll Of Carrollton, who
was the son OF Charles Carroll of
Carrollsburg. grandson of Daniel Car
roll, who married Ann Rosier. and
great-grandson OF Charles Carroll, the
immigrant IN this line.
AS evidence of how easy it is to
get the Daniel CAROLS mixed up. one
has but to refer to the census OF 1890,
and there he will hnd six heads Of
families in Maryland Of this name, one
from Anne Arundel County, one from
Baltimore County. one from Dorchester
County, one from Kent County, one
from Montgomery County and one
from Prince Georges County.
Locally the chances are that Daniel
Carroll Of Duddington Is the best
known of those bearing this name, for
it was his property that today forms
so large a part of the city and in
cludes the site upon which the Capitol
and other public buildings stand. and
who is not the one who signed the
Constitution.
This property was not q grant to
the Carroll family, As might be as
surned. but was inherited through the
Rozier family, into which the CAROLS
had married-Daniel Carroll (son Of
Charles, the immigrant) having msr-
ried Ann Rozier, only surviving daugh-
ter and heiress Of Motley Rozier. whose
wife was Jane Diggs.
MOTLEY ROZIER, who was willed
the land on which the Capitol
Building stands. was apparently
reared by his grandmother, Lady Bal
timore," We are told in q sketch on the
early owners Of jenkins Hill or Rome,
by which names Capitol Hill was also
once known. It says:
Thompson and Gerard In 1923
acquired title to an extensive acreage
which now includes all Of Capitol Hill,
parts OF Anacostia and the outlying
country. and a generous slice of the
city property from about Ninth and
Evening star., 1937-08-22
By Thomas II. Chairman.

THE numismatists are coming to
town with coin in their pock-
cts, coin in their luggage and
u ttnnirO ~, thar. fonnl1os