davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1937-07-04
Czechoslovakia Is Being Lined Up
AS the Next Stop of Dictators

They feel, and with them the ma lorltv
OF their subjects, that the moment has
come when the beginning of the
authoritarian states can be set up in
Europe. The two dictators have de-
clded that showdown with armed
forces is no longer necessary; that
their withdrawal from the interna-
tional patrol clinches Francois victory.
The next move will be the Czecho-
slovak plebiscite question. The Ger
man minorities. under Henlein, will,
IN the course of this year, demand
plebiscite to obtain complete autonomy
from the Prague government. And
once more they will be backed bv
Hitler and Mussolini. Henlein is likelv
to become another Franco. If, in this
diplomatic match, the opponents de-
eide to call their supporters to their
rescue, both dictators are prepared To
accept the challenge and call show
down-With gloves off and where
everything goes" Whether the gloves
will be taken of in the Mediterranean
this Summer or in Central Europe in
the Fall is matter which nobody
ventures to predict.
Hitler and Mussolini are full of con-
f1dence-more than ever since their
advent to power-through the financial
crisis in France, labor troubles in the
United States and blood purges in
Russia. An admirable set-up, aver
the dictators. to assert the supremacy
Of the authoritarian states over the
"decrepit democracies."
(Copyrtght. 1872
Evening star., 1937-07-04

and destruction Of property are all
prohibited by existing law There
fore, it would seem that the basic
problem Is not one of law enactment
but rather of law enforcement. There
would be little use in passing new
laws If they are to be ignored by
certain labor factions with the &C.
quiesence OF public officials, A. has
been the case in the past.
Despite the pessimism Of some
business leaders, it would seem that
the real hope of reform rests on two
possibilities:
First, that public officials, by in
sisting on fair and impartial enforce
ment of existing statutes, will restore
the waning respect for Government
based on law.
Second, that an aroused pHblic
opinion will convince the leaders Of
the radical labor movement that the
old proverb Of "an eye for an eye
and tooth for a tooth" has no ap-
plication in the present situation.
Undoubtedly, some employers were
guilty Of many transgressions in for
mer days and there are some who
still refuse to abide by the spirit Of
existing laws. But it Is discouraging
to hear this cited as justification for
the present day excesses Of labor or
ganizations.
II labor has not profited even to
this extent by the mistakes Of the
employers the future holds little
promise Of industrial peace.
Evening star., 1937-07-04

signed the Federal credit union act.
Because Of its work in connection
with cooperative credit agencies, the
Farm Credit Administration was
found to be the proper place to put
the administration OF the new agency.
The development OF the credit union
in the United States Is due, in ma jor
part. to a 81 100000 contribution by
Edward A. Filene OF Boston, we'll
known in progressive economic and
philanthropic circles. In 1909 Mr..
Filene was instrumental in passage OF
the first credit union act that Of
Massachusetts, and in 1921 he
financed the organizati ton OF the Cred
1t Union National Extension Bureau
which spread information and advo-
Gated legislation. In 1884 the Fed
eral Government enacted the Federal
credit union act. Since that date
more than 1000 Federal credit unions
have been chartered through the credit
union section OF the Farm Credit Ad-
minNtration.
In 1885 the credit union national
hSOOSAdtlOl nO4AollOA Auo AC0u4udI
ters at Madison, Wis, due primarily
to the fact that the movement had
enjoyed . very sympathetic Develop
ment in the Middle Western States.
Supplemental to Banks.
The credit unions. we are reminded,
have no quarrel with the banks or
other financial institutions. The banks
flnd that they are real supplements
to the banking system, since they
often gather many small deposits into
one worthwhile credit union deposit
and help to educate their members
in saving habits. The credit unions
are empowered by law to borrow not
exceeding so per cent OF their assets
in order to increase their working
capital
(Copyright, 1877
Evening star., 1937-07-04
OLD WORLD LINK DELAYS
BINDING OF AMERICAS
Slow Progress Based on Southern Hem.
isphere's Historic and Cultural
Affinity to Europe.

recent years that the younger gener-
ations have expressed their longing for
more genuinely native civilization,
but that vaguely and only in isolated
points.
The education, the literature, the
arts OF the present generation OF Latin
Americans-except in the minor in
stance Of the Mexico-led revival OF
Indian art-are essentially European.
And there are few elements which
bind people more closely, unless 1t be
religion. but that, too, In the case Of
Latin Americans, turns their eyes to
Europe, that Is, to Rome.
Mother Love Big Factor.
This historico cultural factor is
constantly being emphasized and kept
very much alive today.by three differ
ent active influences. The first Is,
naturally enough. Hispanism, and
plays upon the direct blood relation
ship between Spain and the young
American republics. 1t appeals to the
religious devotion due to the mother
country to the love every son owes
to the parents who brought him into
the world and nurtured him until he
became of age" to the "invincible and
almost mystical strength of the eth
nical relation" 1t has powerful
weapons, most powerful Of all the Ian
guaee And it has 100000 conscious
or unconscious agents, Spanish emil
grants of this generation living and
working in various parts Of the for
mer colonies.
The other tendency may be de-
scribed as Latinism. but there are two
different brands Of it. Latinism, from
the Italian point OF view, stresses the
unity Of all the peoples who inher-
tied the spirit and civilization of Rome.
1t appeals to the imagination of the
American countries Latinized through
Spain by invoking Roman grandeur
and Roman beauty, and it appeals
to their heart by means of the Catho-
lie faith.
French Viewpoint Enters.
Latinism, from the French view
point, implies the spiritual and cul-
tural leadership of France, visible
head Of the Latin world and privileged
heir of the spirit OF the Latin races.
1t proclaims. with much reason, the
theological affinity between France
and the republics, daughters OF the
French Revolution" and the until re-
Gently undisputed intellectual rule OF
French culture over the educated
classes Of Latin America. In recent
years France has had an added ally
in the League OF Nations, carrying to
far off corners OF the world the French
ideal Of the organization OF interna-
tional peace
These cultural and historical influ-
ences binding Latin America to the
Old World and the economic links
between some of the large European
powers and the countries of South
America which they have fostered,
are still retarding the progress OF
Pan-Americanism, in spite of the tre-
mendous improvement brought about
by the good neighbor" policy.
Copyright, 1931D
Evening star., 1937-07-04

Hymn" (Which reminds one Of the
"Marseillaise") that is sung by the
youth OF the country The King s
arrival is still heralded by the Marcia
Reale," but the Royal March," too.
had to take second place behind the
dictators "Giovinezza Youth" The
words OF this best known of all Fascist
songs are by Salvatore Gotta, and the
music by Giuseppe Blanc Its refrain
every hardship. 1t salutes Italy in
its opening lines:
Hail, thou Home Of Heroes,
Hail, immortal Fatherland.
The difference between the attitudes
OF old and new Italy may be clearly
seen by comparing "Giovinezza" with
the first national anthem limo
Sardo,' in which the people of Sar-
dinia beseech Providence to protect
the ruling family 1t was more a
prayer than any later Italian an
thems.
Revolution Theme for Spain.
Spain's official national hymn Is
named after Gen. NuneZ Rafael del
Rego. an adventurer- patriot who
played a role Of some importance in
the Peninsular War at the time of
Napoleon the Great. 1t was he who
introduced the custom of starting
military rebellions, which for over a
century have been the lot of Spain.
The "Himno del Riego" Is more Of a
revolutionary song than A hymn.
Russia is the only European coun-
try without national anthem, since
hers is the chant Of the entire world
proletariat:
Arise, We prisoners Of starvation.
Arise, ye wretched OF the earth.
Its closing line predicts a world
nation: "Internationale sera la genre
n''-"International will be the
human race"
The origin Of this anthem goes back
to the short-lived rule Of the Paris
proletariat at the end of the Franco
Prussian War in 1871. 1t was during
the Commune" that the inhabitants
Of the Faubourg Saint Antoine and
of Menilmontant first sang the words
of Eugene Potter, set to music by
Adolphe Degeyter. 1t has proved to
be serious competitor OF the Mar
seillaise" because of its ominously
forceful tune.
Russia has never had a real national
anthem. as the term is understood in
the United States Under the imperial
rule Russians sang: God protect the
Car, strong and powerful oul
Evening star., 1937-07-04

orthodox Gar, to reign for our glory
and the fear Of the enemy" Both
the text and the music OF the anthem
were written by imperial off1cials-
the former by teacher OF Gar Alex
ander II and the latter by the con-
ductor OF the imperial chapel choir.
The anthem was thus purely dynastic,
and its appeal would have been more
limited If 1t had not been popularized
in the churches OF Russia
Austrian Discord.
Austria's national anthem is still
that OF the now defunct democratic
and liberal republic. 1t was written
by q Socialist. ex-Chancellor Karl
Renner, who today is political out
cast, having been thrown into prison
by his country's special brand Of
Fascists. 1t is harmless little piece,
not particularly stirring singing the
beauties OF Vienna. the Austrian
mountain pastures and the Alpine
brooks leaping from cliffs on their
headlong way toward the Danube.
Before its adoption some l9 years ago,
the suggestion was made that Austria
accept part of the famous Blue
Danube Waltz" as her national
anthem.
Now that Austria Is no longer q
republic even in name, yet has no
monarchial form OF government, the
imperial anthem, "Gott Erhalte -
has hack inf 70 ic ia
only truly classical composition among
all national anthems. its music having
been written by Papa" Joseph Haydn
l40 years ago. The present chancellor
OF Austria, DR.. Kurt Won Schuschnigg,
is himself a monarchist, and while
outside powers have 80 far prevented
him from bringing the young crown
prince Of the Hapsburgs. Archduke
Otto, back to Vienna, he does not
seem averse to having the imperial
anthem propagandize the cause 80
near to his heart.
Poland Resurrects Bootleg" Theme.
A group OF new countries. set up at
the end OF the World War, had to find
suitable national anthems. Poland
did not have to contend with such a
difficulty, As she had bootleg" an
them Of her own, sung wherever there
were patriotic Poles. It's music is sad,
but its words are defiant. Poland
isn't lost yet This was the chal-
lenge hurled at the three empires
which had dismembered the ancient
kingdom.
The anthem originated early last
century when Gen. Jan Dombrowski
commanded a Polish division in Ma
poleon's Grande Armee The Poles
Evening star., 1937-07-04
Continued From First Pare =,

In France. Great Britain and the
United States. The Brazilian planters
no longer burn mountains of coffee
and bales of cotton because they can.
not find markets for them. All their
crops are accepted in advance by
Germany and Italy. Payments are
made in kind. They receive in ex-
change electrical appliances. agricul-
tural machinery and such goods as
German industry is able to manufao-
ture. To a lesser degree, the same
applies to Argentina and Chile. who
exchange wheat and beef for what
have you?"
In the Danubian basin. German and
Italian products now reign supreme.
Even luxury articles. such as perfume
and women's apparel. over which
France has had the monopoly for more
than a century, are being replaced by
German and Italian products. French
perfumes may have a pleasanter odor.
but you can't pay for them with hogs
or chickens. Traditional gold is no
longer the yardstick for the exchange
Of goods between the totalitarian states
and their clients. The dollar, the
pound or the franc used to be quoted
in these transactions. Now 1t is the
reichsmark, which is more stable
unaccountably-than the currency Of
the democratic states. It may be with
out value in terms of gold. but 1t cer-
tainly has value in terms Of nations
work and production.
Whether the predictions Of the eco
nonists Of the old school will prove
true-that the German and Italian
structures are built on sand and will
collapse with the first strong wind
remains to be seen. But Hitler and
Mussolini are confident they are on
the right track. They think that the
rigid demands laid on their peoples
will make them more hardy fighters.
Evening star., 1937-07-04

FedeTal SUPERVISION, are now
4 A developing cooperative
thrift in the United States. Known
As credit unions, these groups now
have more than 1,250,000 members.
They function through the credit
union section of the Farm Credit Ad-
ministration or through the banking
departments of Al States, and may be
compared to national or State banks
in that they are really savings in
stitutions.
Reminding us that these $500 credit
unions are now operating in In
dustrial establishments of almost all
types, in banks and insurance COM
panies, in church parishes and In
various other community groups. the
credit union section states that, at
present. the majority Of loans are
made for the consolidation Of old
debts, payments to doctor and hos
pitals, for the cash purchases Of fur
nishings and other home equipment,
and, in general, for what are known
rs provident or productive purposes-
tnaC Is, any purpose OF real penent
to the borrower.
Originated in Germany.
The first credit unions were estab-
Nshed in Germany nearly . century
ago and came to be known As
"Raiffeisen banks" (from the name Of
the originator. They proved Of i'm
roaps> assietarrA tn the TA~pan
farmers-and> others-during the diff
fcult famine years OF that period
and later. The first American credit
union law was passed in 1909 in
Massachusetts,, and eventually 10
other States and the District OF Co.
lumbia joined the procession. On
June 26, 1884, President Roosevelt
Evening star., 1937-07-04
BY GASTON NERVAL,.

TT Is only natural that the friend
ship which the good d-neighbor'
policy has won for the United
States in Latin America, together
with the improvement In inter-
American commercial and personal
contacts witnessed by the past few
years, should have encouraged a
change in the traditional position OF
Latin America in world politics.
There is hardly any need to account
for that change, involving a gradual
drifting away from Europe in the di-
rection of the United States. AS a
matter of fact, the thing to be ex-
planned is why the change, under such
unprecedentedly favorable circum-
stances, is not progressing at faster
pace. And the recent Buenos Aires
Conference for the Maintenance of
Peace showed only too clearly that it
Is not proceeding as rapidly as it
could be expected
OF all the factors working against
the change the historico-cultural is
the strongest. The colonization of
Latin America was both in principle
and In practice entirely unlike that of
the United States, which was settled
by religious emigrees and puritan
pioneers eager to build a new world
different from and freer and happier
than the old
Extended Old World.
The Spanish "conquLstadores"-
very name is revealing-had no such
dream in mind. They had not set
their hearts upon a new world. They
craved an extension OF the old World
and of its civilization into the lands
OF the new. Their discoveries and
conquests were prompted by ambitions
of mixed greed and glory which bound
them inexorably to the old civiliza
ton they had carried across the
ocean.
Some one has written of the three
g's' OF the "conquistadores" Gold.
glory and gospel. But the gold they
found they took back to Europe, the
glory they reaped went to increase
the prestige and pride OF glorious
Spain OF the sixteenth century, and
the gospel they preached, and
preached tenaciously, was exclusively
the gospel Of the only religion Spain
admitted, Thus. through gold, glory
and gospel. the "conquistadores'
ueaved indissoluble links between the
Old and the New World, for the
wealth, the culture and the religion of
the colonies became inseparable from
those Of the mother country.
Links Still Strong.
Those links are still strongly felt
throughout Latin America. Inde-
pendence did not cause nearly as great
Z separation from European civiliza
ton as did in the North the success of
the Revolutionary War of the thirteen
English colonies. Through one whole
century OF independent life, the cul-
tural heritage of the governing classes
Of Latin America has remained ex-
cluslvely European, predominantly
Spanish and French, 1t is only in
Evening star., 1937-07-04
Woman, Trying Stills, Injured.

BURT, Iowa R.-Mrs N. F. Nor
ness mounted her sons stills to show
him how to walk on them. She fell,
fracturing q kneecap, and hospital
physicians said she would not be able
to walk for several months.
Evening star., 1937-07-04
Credit Union Thrift Plan Spreads
To Embrace l,25O,OOO in u. S. Alone

4 ORE than $500 wage-earners'
nl associations, operating under
|" Federal supervision, are now
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1937-05-15
New DWELLINGS
Convertible

Homes that pay for themselves,
because the second floor can be
rented to provide the monthly
purchase payments, will shortly
be offered by william H. Saunders,
Inc, in the 100 block Of Hamilton
st. N. w.
known as duplex" two-family
dwellings, the new homes are said
by the builder to be even bigger
and better equipped than Is
similar houses on Gallatin Street
Northwest, all of which have been
sold within the past few weeks.
Because there is such a demand
for homes Of this type, officials
Of the Saunders Company have ar.
ranged with the buyer of the
premises at 215 Gallatin st. N. W.,
to keep the home open, so that
prospective purchasers of the
forthcoming houses on Hamilton
Street may gain an idea Of the
value they will receive.
VlSlCOrS Will De welcomed To-Day
and tomorrow at 215 Gallatin st.,
but will be cautioned that the
Hamilton Street homes are wider,
larger and have more convenienceS.
No less than 10 convertible houses
are now being built on Hamilton
Street and will be ready for occu-
pancy in the next few weeks.
The homes on Gallatin and Ham.
ilton Streets are the first to be
built in the Northwest section Of
Washington on the duplex" idea,
Buyers may either occupy the
entire edifice or rent the second
floor. Both floors have large liv'
ing and sleeping rooms, as well as
fully equipped kitchens, baths and
screened porches in the rear.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1937-05-15
Savings Loan
Policies Are
LiberoIized
Federal H o m e Loan
Board Announces
New Rules

The amended charter for Federal
savings and loan associations, re-
Gently approved by the Federal
Home Loan Bank Board to provide
for more home financing policies
and more attractive investment
provisions for the saver, has al.
ready been adopted by 786 institu.
tions throughout the country, it
was announced by the board today.
This represents SO per cent Of
these associations, It was explained.
Under the revised charter, in.
vestment in these institutions has
been simplified by reducing the
types Of accounts from. four to
two-investment and share &C.
counts. No membership or with.
drawal fees are charged, and the
retention Of dividends on repur.
chased shares is eliminated.
service augmented
Members can now borrow up to
80 per cent Of their share accounts
repurchaSe value, instead Of Is
per cent. One vote is permitted
for each 500 invested, UP to so
votes.
The more liberal lending
policies, 1t was said, enable the
associations to perform a greater
service in promoting home owner
ship in their communities. AL.
though still required to have IS
per cent Of their assets in amort-
lied home loans, United States
bonds or cash, they may now lend
the remaining Is per cent on
mortgages secured by other real
estate.
Liberalize Loans
These loans may be in the form
Of straight mortgages for periods
not exceeding five years and may
be made up to so per cent Of the
appraised value Of the property.
Amortized loans may be made up
to 80 per cent Of the appraised
value Of homes, If authorized by
association memberships.
There are now 1,241 Federal
savings and loan associations, 80
Of which have come into existence
under the revised charter. Their
combined assets are $848, 094, 108.
The. shares Of their members are
all insured up to $1,000 each by
the Federal Savings and Loan
Insurance Corporations. ae..
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1937-05-15

Families desiring a summer
home on Chesapeake Bay, at q
beautiful beach only one hours
drive from washington, will be
wise to investigate the new, re-
stricted community Of Cape
Anne, Md.
Cottages with three rooms,
kitchen and bath-as well as q
fireplace and heating plant-are
being made available at the re.
sort for only $25 a month, after
a small down payment has been
made.
The developer Of Cape Anne is
Louis P. Shoemaker, wellknown
local real estate man, who points
out the beach community has salt
water bathing and fishing, q fine
beach, a protected harbor for
boats, many trees and over q mile
Of Shoreline. .-s
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1937-05-15
Homes for Low-Income Families Provided in Nel
inexpensive Rentals Prevail
For Apartments, Houses
In Virginia Project

Fnging down the gauntlet at thinkers" who deplore
the lack of proper housing for owincome groups but
who take no action to remedy the situation Paramount
Communities Inc, today announced the fufiHment Of
plans to provide beautiful living quarters for at least
$40 families of less than average means
The dream being accomplished at Buckingham Community
new development Gebe Road and Perhing Drive Airing
ton Va where several buildings nearly completed and con-
kriiotinn lie starting IN m
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1937-05-15
.CoIored Glass
Now Popular

The use Of glass in interior deco.
ration is growing in popularity,
particularly in kitchens and bath
rooms.
Plate glass is now made in vari-
Gus tints, such as ivory. gray,
jade, black, white. burgundy and
orange.
It retains its bright. clear sur
face even after many years of
service. In kitchens, particular
housewives choose 1t for walls
and work counters, as it is readily
kept clean and does not absorb
odors or moisture.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1937-05-15
Realtors Plan
Outing

The annual outing Of the
Washington Real Estate Board
will be held at the Congressional
Country Club on Tuesday, June
8, according to an announcement
made by Morris Cafritz, chair
man Of the program committee,
Over 800 members and guests
will participate in the outing,
Many will enter the golf tourna-
ment at 10 a:ams,- while others
will assemble at the boards Of.
flee at 1890 and proceed to the
club to enjoy the sports events
planned for the afternoon.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1937-05-15
Beach Cottages Near
d. c. on Market

with each cottage, which Shoe
maker builds to order, goes q lot
measuring so by 100 feet. All lots
are convenient to the bay, which
is IA miles wide at Cape Anne.
To reach the community, which
is only n miles from the District
Of Columbia, the motcrist should
journey out Pennsylvania Avenue
Southeast to Upper Marlboro
Md, continue to Wells Corners
and there make . right turn ia
Drury. At Drury another right
turn Is made to Bristol, where q
left turn leads to the Cape Anne
Road,