davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1937-11-28
Control of Important Industries"
Taken by Manchukuo Government

SHANGHAI.-State control of "im-
portant industries" has been ordered
by the government Of Manchukuo,
making it still more difficult for for
eign business interests to gain a foot
hold in q country of great resources
that was at one time governed under
the principle Of the open door Of equal
opportunity.
Those industries listed as "impor-
taat" cover q wide field and range
from arsenals to breweries. They are
arms manufacture. aircraft and auto
manufacturing industries, liquid fuel,
such As mineral oils and alcohol man
ufacturing; iron, steel, aluminium,
magnesium, lead, zinc, gold, silver and
copper refining the wet process Of
refining gold and silver being ex-
cluded.
The coal mining industry Chat
producing less than $4,000 metric tons
q year being excluded), wooden textile
manufacturing chat carried Oh by
hand looms being excluded. cotton
spinning industry, cotton textile man
ufacturing industry (hand-loom work
being excluded. hemp thread man.
ufacturing producing more than SO
metric tons year, hemp spinning
and weaving Chat carried on by hand
looms being excludedD, flour milling
having capacity for daily produc-
ton Of more than 500 sacks. Beer
brewing. sugar refining, tobacco man
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1937-11-28

utacturing producing more than TO-
100000 cigarettes year. soda man.
ufacturing (refning of natural soda
being excluded. fertilizer industry
meaning sulphate of ammonium, nj
trate OF ammonium, superphosphate Of
lime and calcareous nitrogen-the
pulp manufacturing industry, oil mill
ing carried on by the abstraction sys-
tenn or that equipped with more than
Is presses, cement manufacturing and
match manufacturing.
Others may be added to this list
Of important industries" when or if
the government feels it necessary, the
new law providing that the kinds of
important industries shall be deter
mined by imperial ordinance.
Under the newly promulgated law,
any one desiring to engage in any OF
these listed industries must obtain
PERMISSION from the state. Once given
permission to carry on, he is required
to submit to the state a written state
ment of his business program and an
annual report for each business year
In other words, he is to open his books
at any time for inspection, but if the
state feels it necessary "for upholdine
public interest or exercising control
from what 1t reads on those books
then the manufacturer must submit to
new control and change his program
accordingly.
tcopyrisht. 1879
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1937-11-28
Attack on Farm Tenancy
Start New Plan to Be Made at the Beginning of New Year

is to operate. man who wishes to
buy farm will make an application
He will be looked over by the county
committees, who will report on him
to the Farmers Home Corp The farm
that he proposes to buy will be con-
sldered with respect TO fertility, the
price asked for it. its location, and
the likelihood that it can be made
successful. If both the farm and the
applicant are found satisfactory by the
corporation. the necessary money will
be advanced. 1t must be repaid in
installments over a period of 40 years
per cent interest will be charged.
The number Of farms that can be
purchased under this plan will be
necessarily small. If the average price
is $4,000, s10.0000oO will permit the
purchase of only 1000 farms And
1000 farms will make only a tiny
dent in the farm tenancy of the
United States. But it is contemplated
that the number will be greatly in
creased in future years.
What is being attacked here is q
disease, disease of nations The
disease is called 'latifundia" Doubt
less the word is new to readers, as it
was to me- Do not expect to find it in
any American dictionary-my secre-
tary looked it up in six without find
ing it. 1t is to be found, however, in
the English dictionary compiled under
the direction of Professor Murray OF
! Oxford 1t is an ancient word dat
ing back more than 1900 years to the
Rome of B. c. 1t is word that Amer
leans should become familiar with
and probably will. for this disease OF
many ancient nations has been getting
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1937-11-28
BY JAMES HILTON.

A N AMERICAN magazine re-
n Gently held Nationwide
~ straw ballot in which 81 per
a cent Of the voters decided that
American Intervention in the last war
had been a mistake When some of
my American friends have tried to
apologize for or explain away such a
percentage, have replied CASUALLY
to their surprise) that a similar vote
taken in England might we'll lead to a
similar result.
Such opinion in both countries is,
indeed, more a reflection of feeling
about the next war than about the
last. Never. perhaps. have America
and England-without knowing it
been nearer to common determine
ton. That determination is to have
peace at almost any price. The British
refusal to take q strong attitude in
the matter of protecting shipping of
the coast of Spain seems to parallel
the Washington decision that in any
future war America will trade with
belligerents only on a sh-and-carry
basis.
This is not cowardice. 1t is not
even the Wilsonian gesture of being
too proud to fight. 1t is just the sane
mans decision to keep out of trouble
as long as he can. In fact, as one
American expressed himself to me:
When drunken man in a crowded
bar challenges everybody else to fight,
the answer is usually silence-not be-
cause everybody else is afraid, but be-
cause everybody else is sober"
Kinship Taking Root.
During the last few months I have
had the chance to talk to many Amer
leans in many different States, from
New York to California, and there is,
1t seems to me. growth Of kinship
with England that is all the better
for being. in some Of its roots, reluc-
tant. More harm than good is done
by the sentimentalists of both coun-
tries who stress the bonds of race
and language. To begin with, the
bonds Of race do not apply to a ma
jority OF Americans, and there is no
reason why the bonds of language
should be, of themselves, any more
efficacious than they are between
England and Southern Ireland or be-
tween Germany and Northern Swift
zerland.
I was struck by Americas huge in
terest in our coronation last May
yet I feel that it should not be exag-
gerated out Of its context Americans
! love pageantry, and are worshipers
OF most things that they haven't got
lie, ancient ritual, l5th-century
cathedrals. thousand-year- old tradi-
tons, royal family. People in Los
Angeles stayed up half the night to
listen in to the coronation broadcast
from England, but this did not prove
that they were pro-British 1t merely
showed the Americans typical eagerl
ness to get a personal kick" out OF
anything that comes to him from
abroad-a sort Of childlike receptivity
which enriches alike the British nov
ellst-lecturer, the Norwegian ice-skater
and the Oriental yogi-merchant.
Eschewing sentiment. however, there
is much to hearten the Englishman
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1937-11-28
Reich Degenerate Art Propaganda
Stresses Defense of Christianity

MUNICH. Germany.-You see the
first horrible example" the minute
you start up the old untidy wooden
staircase to visit the exhibit Of "degen-
crate" art here. 1t is huge wood
carving of the Crucifixion by Ludwig
Giles, hanging straight ahead and
steeply above you on the wall at turn
in the stairs near the top.
Behind it hangs a blood red cloth.
Underneath are a photograph showing
the figure in its original setting and
a sign which reads, This Ghastly
Work Hung as a Memorial to War
Heroes (this in shocked red capital
letters) in the Lubbock Cathedral"
The closeup view of Gies' "Crucifix-
ion." the unnatural perspective, the
violent red cloth and the sign and
photograph do nothing to improve your
impression of the figure. They are
not intended to do so. Quite the con-
trary, they are intended to give you
the worst possible impression Of it.
And SO YOU get at once a glimpse OF
! one phase of the propaganda technique
of the exhibit and of two of its slogans.
The phase of propaganda technique
is the displaying of the horrible ex-
amples" to their greatest possible dis
advantage.
One of the two slogans is THE Wei
mar republic allowed--or encouraged
the reviling of Christianity" The
implication is that the Nazis are the
protectors of Christianity. The Sec
ond slogan is. 1.-THE republic dishon-
ored the German army"
Gies' Christ Is an unconventional
tortured figure. It is 30 unconven-
tional and tortured that the Nazis
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1937-11-28

call it q mockery Of religion (Which
the clergy of Lubbock Cathedral APP
parently did not: so much the worse
for the clergy and of the war heroes
in whose honor it was set up, and
they call it degenerate"
When you have pushed your way
up through the crowd, past the Cruel
f1xion," to the big landing at the head
of the stairs, you find the religious
slogan of the exhibit repeated and
amplified
Painted in big, black letters across
one fabric-covered wall is this legend:
Under the Dominion Of the Center
Party: Mockery Of the Life of the
Lord" (The Center party was Cath
| olic)
On the walls are hung religious
paintings, even more unconventional
than Gies' "Crucifixion." by Beck.
mann, Schmidt-R ottluf1 and Nolde.
(The greater part of Nodes life
work is on display in the various
sections of the exhibitD
Of this landing. and to the right
of the head OF the stairs. extends a
lon. gallery in which the principal
exhibits of the show are displayed.
A second gallery, Immediately be-
meath this one and on the ground
floor, contains further exhibits. On
the whole. though, these are less
spectacular, and many OF them are
not even identified. Visitors are
shunted first to the gallery on the
second floor, then downstairs.
Manifestations of the Jewish Racial
Soul" is the title of the next section
in the main gallery. This includes
among others, THE Rabbi" and "Vil-
lags Scene" by Marc Chagall.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1937-11-28

own $50, has not yet emerged into a
smooth-running high"
AS one American "a New York
magazine EDITOR said to me pun
gently: "Of course We have graft
Nothing but graft could have built
up America in anything like the same
Observation-Disclosures railways, mass
production factories. schools, public
works. one car for every five persons,
radios and refrigerators in nearly ev-
cry house. Oh, yes, Upton Sinclair
is right-the whole thing is just as
full of graft as a machine is full of
oil-and why not? We shall be differ
ent when we can afford to be, and
maybe our present troubles are caused
bv wondering whether that time has
already begun to arrive"
In all this one has to remember
that the most vitriolic things are al
ways likely to be said by Americans
about themselves. They are merci-
lessly self-critical: and If We English
laugh at Babbittry, let us admit that
they themselves laughed first And,
anyhow, let's be honest about Bah
bittry.
The other day was in a Midwest
ern town that might have been Ze-
| NTH. At the drug store counter with
| me were typical American small-towr
business men and workmen, all eating
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1937-11-28

a foothold in America, even though
the foothold is so far only slight.
Latifundia means destruction Of
the system og small landholdings Of
independent farmers and its replace
ment by something else This system
of small agriculture by worker-oWners
has been, everywhere in the world in
all periods of history. the one most
stabilizing factor in the life of every
nation dependent in any degree on
agriculture, and that includes prac-
tically all nations The system of
small landholding has been a kind of
gyroscope. keeping nations on an even
keel. But when in such countries
latifundia gets start, makes head
way and runs its course; when pro-
prietorship by farmers who themselves
own and cultivate their land ceases
when that happens, serious trouble
begins. Almost, inevitably ad prac-
tically always latifundia leads to
peonage or tenancy, low living stand
ards, political and social instability
general retrogression
Though few besides historians are
aware Of it, during the early period
of Europe's colonization of the Amer
icas some of the most enlightened and
happiest communities in the New
World were located in the Windward
Islands and the Lesser Antilles-Bar-
bados. Antigua. Guadeloupe. Jamaica.
The inhabitants were white colonists
from Europe or descendants Of COL
onists who owne dand worked the
land they lived on. They were hardy
and enterprising. From their ranks
came the professional and business
men and the subordinate officials OF
the governments and also the volun-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1937-11-28
A BritOn Looks at America

the same standardized 50-cent lunch
and talking about real estate, stock
markets. boom" prospects, and 30 on.
Through the window I could see .
row Of parked cars. a gasoline station
and, beyond it, the towns solitary,
heavily mortgaged and perfectly I'M
necessary skyscraper. But, I reflected,
these NERVOUSNESS men and artisans
alike-would return later in the day
to more creature-comfortabl homes
than many an Italian palazzo or
English manor house; their children,
well fed and healthy, would squander
their youth in college, not on the
parade ground; and the skies above
them would remain as safe as q mill
lion years ago. Heavens! If you
despise Zenith, would you rather have
Guernica?
Two points are bound to crop up
in any discussion of Anglo-American
relations. First. the debt question. I
have met few Americans who expect
the debts ever to be paid, and fewer
still who can understand why we
can't pay them. To argue that trans
fers Of money between two nations
is technically impossible or harmful
merely makes the intelligent Ameri-
can land perhaps some intelligent
Englishmen. too ask why. in that
case, cash always comes pouring across
the Atlantic from London whenever
there is lift on Wall Street. To
argue that, in equity. we should not
pay unless and until we have been
paid by others, bores where it does not
exasperate.
AS a matter Of fact, the average
American isn't, unless he is reminded
of it. especially interested in the debt
question. Like a business man who
has already cut his losses, he doesn't
enjoy counting them over and over
again; and partial resumption OF
payments would be such a drop ir
the ocean Of his own budget deficit
that he can't feel especially con.
cerned, still less grateful, at the pros.
pect. Furthermore, he suspects
rightly or wrongly - the familiar
financial maneuver Of paying bach
one dollar in order to reborrow FIVE
Sympathetic Toward Aiming.
The second point-and perhaps, by
implication, the more significant one
is the detached yet predominantly
sympathetic way in which America i.
watching the British rearmament pro.
gram. Most Americans regard British
rearmament as an additional guar.
antee of world peace. and have
never yet met any American who fell
that the two countries need match
themselves, even on paper, as poten.
tial enemies.
On the contrary. the launching o.
every additional British warship no.
only gives America no qualms on hel
own account, but affords the extrs
satisfaction that London and no
| Washington is paying for it.
| The two countries are. in this frantic
world. perhaps the only cool-headee
realists left-as far from the trucu
lence Of Palmerston or q Theodor,
Roosevelt as from the idealisms of {
Lansbury or a Wilson Indeed, O
their common policy today Britain
and America can vary the famou
slogan by saying: 1t may not be mag
nificent, but at any rate it is not war
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1937-11-28
German Army Officers
Rule Soldiers Debts

BERLIN (P.-The German army
is doing its best to keep the bill COL
lector away.
Under instructions issued by the
war minister, Field Marshal Won
Blomberg, soldiers under rs years Of
age may not buy anything on credit
or on the installment plan without
first obtaining the consent Of their
sllperiors,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1937-11-28

who feels that Anglo American friend
ship is the brightest hope of the world
today. There is, to begin with, Amer
ica's slightly wBtful admiration for
the English way of managing things.
Even that part Of the American press
which no one could accuse of being
Anglophile is always pointing out the
greater sureness and celebrity of British
justice. Wall Street admires the sound
record of British banks. Washington
labor conciliators sigh for the spirit Of
tolerance that enabled England to offer
the spectacle Of the worlds completest
general strike without the loss of a
single life.
Recent Acquisitions.
In all these things America is likely
to forget. or to ignore, the comparative
regency of the standards she admires
so much English public life in the
18th century was as corrupt as the
domain Of any modern American ward
boss: the South Sea bubble was madden
than the Wall Street crash of 1929: and
the works of Dickens provide an anti
dote to any complacency Englishmen
may feel about yesterdays behavior
1t almost seems as if nations have to
accelerate through the same gear
changes, and that America. compress
sing our own thousand years into her
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1937-11-28

teer troops needed for protection
against the raids Of pirates and the
navies Of enemy powers. Latifundia
was unknown.
Then came the sugar industry. With
it came latifundia The sugar BUSH
ness was not adapted to the existing
system Of small landholdings: it re-
quired great tracts under one owner
ship or control. The sugar planters,
or the nature Of the sugar industry.
by one means or another. forced the
small independent landholders of
their acres and replaced them with
blacks from Africa. slaves. The whites.
deprived of their land, were in a bad
way The could not compete as Ia
borers against the system of slavery.
Those among the whites who had re-
sources migrated, some to Virginia.
others to South America, still others
back to Europe. Those who lacked
resources sank, economically and So
cially.
Today all of these once idyllic
regions are, to a greater or less degree
under a blight. Their native popula-
tions labor at field work under a
soaring tropical sun for pitifully small
wage. The present owners of the land
live abroad for the most part. and
leave the management of their estates
to overseers. The absentee owners
drain away such wealth as the islands
produce. When former President
Herbert Hoover visited one Of these
regions he was appalled, by the abject
poverty visible on every hand and ex-
claimed that the island was an "ef-
fective poorhouse."
To what extent has latifundia made
inroads on the agriculture Of the
United States? Is there reason fol
the nation As a whole to become seri-
o,lsly alarmed?
Details Coming to Light.
The facts on which to base reptile.
to those questions are available. The
general facts about the situation have
been known long. The detailed one.
have just recently been made public
by a committee Of experts appointed
by the President to make study. The
committees report, issued last Febru-
airy, states:
For the last SIS years the entire
period Of which We have statistics or
land tenure, there has been a contin.
uous and marked decrease in the pro.
portion of operating owners and ar
accompanying increase in the proper.
ton of tenants. Tenancy has in.
creased from Is per cent of all farmer,
in 1880 to AZ per cent in 1885. Be.
cause Of debt the actual equity Of op.
Grating owners is far less than thoss
| figures indicate. In some of oul
States, among them . number settled
under the homestead system, little
more than generation ago. 1t is esti-
mated that the equity of operating
farmers in their lands is little more
than one-fifth: nearly four-flfths i.
in the hands of landlords and mort
gage holders"
The kind of absentee ownership Of
farms that has been growing up In
America is perhaps not a true lati.
fundia. The change that has beer
going on for more than so years ha.
not been, generally speaking, trans.
fer of small holdings into big holdings
It has been, rather. that individual
farms, remaining the same size, passed
from owners to tenants, from opera.
ton by the owner living on 1t, tt
operation by tenant occupying tht
land while the owner lived elsewhere
| Copyright. 1879
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1937-11-28
BY MARK SULLIVAN,

TN CONGRESS, the word fam"
echoes from every wall in the
newspaper accounts of the pro-
= ceedings that word leads all the
others. Congress is going to do some
thing about farming-or perhaps,
whether for good or i'll, do nothing
about it.
From that. turn your eyes for a
moment to something that is actually
being done about farming, something
that will begin to operate in January
something that excites no newspaper
headline. It was initiated some time
ago. it owes it's origin to the New Deal.
and it is the one step the New Deal
has taken in this field about the
beneficence of which there will be,
think, the least dispute. 1t is very
small, but it has real promise.
Beginning in January it will be
possible for limited number of young
men who are properly trained in farm
ing and who wish to own and operate
farms of their own, to be financed for
that purpose by the Federal Govern
ment. The number who can take ad-
vantage of the opportunity will be
small. for the appropriation for this
purpose is. for the first year, only $lO,-
600, 600 In the second year the
amount available will be 5000 900,
in the next year. s50.0O0,0Oo. If the
plan operates well. doubtless Con-
gress in future years will increase
the amount. So small is the amount
for the first year that the Depart
ment Of Agriculture can only set up
the machinery for operating the act
in 300 counties in limited number of
States.
Entirely New Plan.
This institution is the Farmers
Home Corp. It is wholly new. The
law authorizing 1t, the Bankhead-
Jones Farm Tenant Act, was approved
July 20 last. There was in existence
before that the system of Federal
Farm Loan banks. which would
finance purchases of farms in the
| ordinary way. But the farm loan
banks merely took mortgages on farms
| for purchasers who were able to pay
Is per cent or more OF the price in
| cash.
! The Farmers Home Corp. is for
the benefit of farm purchasers who
are able to put up very little cash. or
! even none at all. Possession Of some
cash, or Of some live stock, is looked
on as a reason why one applicant
should be preferred above another. As
the law puts it: I'm making available
the benefits preference shall be
given to persons who are married, OF
who have dependent families, or
wherever practicable, to persons who
are able to make an initial down pay
ment, or who are owners OF live stock
and farm implements -"
Since the President signed the &C,
the Department Of Agriculture ha,
been setting up the machinery to op.
crate it. Wisely. much of the work Of
selecting the persons who shall bs
helped to buy farms Is being left Il
local committees composed Of farm.
ers and others who know personally
or can easily find out the fact.
about the character and other quail.
ties OF applicants for loans. Applica.
tions for loans will be received II
January and some Of them will b
passed on, and the money loanec
out, in March.
l Within the counties where the plar
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1937-11-28
u. S. AGRICULTURE UNIT
VITAL FORCE INU.S.LIFE
Guards Health, as Well as Filling Amer.
ica's Cornucopia, by Research.
Reaches 18th Birthday.
Nv THOMAS r. HENRY.

BY THOMAS X. HENRY.
THE Department of Agriculture
Is entitled to few bouquets
on this-its seventy-fifth BIRTH
Evening star., 1937-05-30
APARTMENTS UkFuRk,suEp.

1861 IRVING ST. NV.
Living room. bed room. kitchen and
path. $40; electric refrigeration on house
current completely redecorated, Resident
MANAGER. Columbia T479
WALTER K BACHRACH, Agent.
s0'NEW YORK AVE. NV, No. 3O4: Q
rms; kit. bath. elec. refrigerator. S4S.
bo n39 . Eye st., NV, No. /; ! rm:. kit.
939 Eye ST.. NV. No. 5, j rm', kit.
oath;:: ~, Murphy ara =; bed; el.e. gas $50 so
oath. elec.. gas. h.wh, $40
iO04 lth st. NV, No. 2; 2 rms, kit.
1907 St. NE. No. 8; 3 rms kit.
bath. gas & cleo. S37 80 ''' '''
r. A. HUMPHREYS,
s0a No. Cap st. Realtor Natl. s733