davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1937-08-31
CHICAGO LIVE STOCK.

CHICAGO August 81 iP.--tUnited
States Department OF Asriculture( HOES
1 900 including 1000 direct, uneven:
best hogs. lSO-22n pounds. steady to 10
lower than Mondays average: others and
snwS 1915 off; top. loo; bulk good and
choice 1S0-25o pounds II .65-ll 90: ESQ
300 pounds. IL .4o-l IS; 15o-l1o pounds,
1n.50-ll 40; bcS: l1o pounds TO Ito:
Cattle T.5oo; calves 1.50O; another
active mackeI on choice and prime medium
weight and weGhty Steers strong TO %
higher; ls.40 paid for l 1472pound aver
ages. several loads, l1.50-1 s.25. market
being good on Welghty offerings Of value
to sell at. 100 upward all others very
uneven slow; undertone weak TO lower,
but supply hardly large enough to per-
nit BUYERS to break the market; grass cows
and heifers dull; grass cows mostly 1918
lower; bulls and vealerS strong: top. 1900.
Spring lambs fully steady; good to choice
natives lO.5o-lo; y; Top II 90; merely
;nsfon ;Uu and Mon,anas h.id shoWe MaSn Sn
sheep steady; native ewes 3 300-4.15.
Evening star., 1937-08-31

Reduction Ordered
In Discount Rate
OF Dallas Reserve

By the Associated Press.
The Dallas Federal Reserve Bank
shaved It's discount rate from 2 to IN
per cent yesterday, following the lead
OF flve other banks which took similar
action In the last two weeks.
The reductions are designed to make
vast reservoirs Of credit available to
member banks in the affected cis-
tricts at cheap interest rates.
Preceding the Dallas banks reduc-
ton, which was effective today, lates
had been reduced from ~ per cent
to per cent by the New York Reserve
Bank and from to IL per cent by
the banks at Minneapolis, Atlanta,
Chicago and Richmond.
The reductions were voted by direc-
tors Of the individual banks, and ap-
proved by the Federal Reserve Board.
Board officials said they expected
further reductions.
Evening star., 1937-08-31
NEW SECURITY TOTAL
OFF SHARPLY IN JULY

BY the Associated P-ess.
A sharp drop in security issues ac-
companied unsettled money-market
conditions during July, the Securities
Commission reported last night.
Registration statements covering
new securities totaling 1856 1856 900
became fully effective during the
month, the commission reported The
total compared with 1858, 9,065,000 in
the previous month and 1862 ,925, 900
in the same month q year ago.
Eliminating from the July total
SOL, ,497, 900 of securities registered tor
reserves to meet conversion OF other
outstanding issues, the commission
estimated that manufacturing COM
panies issued SIT per cent OF the
months aggregate securities.
Financial and investment compan-
les accounted for 2l.3 per cen-, and
electric, gas and water utility COM
panies, Ill per cent.
Evening star., 1937-08-31
Plans
Test of Privilege
Taxin Wisconsin

By the Associated Press.
MADISON, Wis, August 31.-The
F.. w. Woolworth Co. of New York
filed notice with the Wisconsin Tax
Commission today of objections to the
State privilege dividends tax as step
toward a test In the United States
Supreme Court.
Company counsel asked hearing on
tax assessments of $l7,959.19 made
between December 2, 1885, and March
/, 1887, and applied for refund of
taxes paid previously under protest.
The 1885 law, upheld by the State
Supreme Court, provides for 212 per
cent tax on dividends declared by all
corporations out Of income derived
from property located and business
transacted In Wisconsin.
Evening star., 1937-08-31
y the Associated Press,


NEW YORK. August 31.-The bond
market tone hardened slightly in late
trading today with some improvement
In demand for corporate liens
Gains ranged from fractions to
around point in American & Foreign
Power SIS, Erie S. International Tele-
phone SIS, Columbia Gas & Electric S.
Armour 4s. Western Union SIS and
Nickel Plate 4l2s. Studebaker IS
pushed up about 2.
United States Governments were
mixed with narrow losses predominant
ing. A reversal of trend in Japanese
loans provided gains of 2 or more
points in the S IS and 6l2s. Changes
were unimportant in other foreign
groups.
Evening star., 1937-08-31
FOREIGN EXCHANGES.

NEW YORK August 81 tP,-Foreign
exchange easy; Great Britain in dollars,
others in cents.
Great Brian demand, 4;a6ss: cables,
96's; 6n-dav bills. 4.95 ll-3.; France.
demand, 3.7i 1916 cables 3.73 1915;
Italy, demand 5.26i2; cables. 5.96lz.
Demands-Belgium l6.S5; Germany,
free 401 Registered. %" so; travel
$500: Holland 55.15; Norway. 2495;
Sweden, $50; Denmark. "@.17 Finland
22l n; Switzerland. 80 g5l2; Spain. un-
quoted: Portugal, 4.51 Ia. Greece 81 Vi;
Poland. 1898; Czechoslovakia 3.49 Yugo-
slavia. 233, Austria. 1S.S1n; Hungary.
10. -; Rumania "a Argentina 3D. on
Brazil. S.SOl4n: Toxic, "S.9S; Shanghai,
3012l2; Hong Kong, liza; Mexico City,
2Gs5; Montreal in New York, 10000
New York in Montreal 10000.
Evening star., 1937-08-31
FOREIGN MARKETS.

LONDON. August 81 P,.-Trans-Atlantic
issues closed steady in slightly quckened
stock exchange dealings today. Early i'm
provement in the gilt-edge group was well
maintained The industrial list had an
improved tone and oil shares were in bet
ter demand. kaffirs were steady and most
OF the mining list displayed resistance.
PARIS.-Government bonds were firm
as the Bourse closed on steady note
following early fndeciSlvenesS. 1nterna-
tional issues were irregular. Bank of
France closed 1870 points net higher
6entes showed some improvement.
Evening star., 1937-08-31
NEW YORK PRODUCE.

NEW YORK. August FL tFN.-Egss
1880, steady. All mixed prices un-
Butter, 1916: frmer. Creamery, higher
Man extra }4.-35: extra t92 scorep,
3as.-34: nrst tss-9D scores, 31-3312;
4econds fs4-s7 scores. 2S-30Aa; central
he'd 600 scorel.- 33-33H.
Cheese, 561,666. steady to firm and un-
changed
Dressed poultry steady; fresh Spring
turkeys, Northwestern. 2S-3l: ducks
15-1T. Other fresh prices UNCHANGED
Srn and Southwestern, 1881; other frozen
prices unchanged
Live poultry. BY freight steady: fowl
<plored 23-25: Leghorn. 1919. by express
steady: broilers, LeRhorn. 1925: Rocks,
so; Reds, 1926: fowl Leghorn, 2O-22 ):
ether freight and express prices unchanged.
Evening star., 1937-08-31
PHILADELPHIA PRODUCE.

PHILADELPHIA. August 81 lP.-Live
poultry. fowls, fancy, Plymouth Rock, "a
2e; mixed colors. 1924; pullets. Rocks,
1881; Reds, 27-2s: Spring chickens.
Plymouth Rocks, fancy, 2S-2a: cross
breds. 26-271a: Leghorns, broilers, 1926.
Dressed poultry, UNCHANGED.
Butter. top grades, 35A-39: % score,
34L-35: 81, "a, 90, 33 1a; SO, 32h: IS,
80; 81, 81 "a.
Eoes, 1890 cases, firm, extras, whites,
S4h-37: browns. 3235.
Evening star., 1937-08-31
APPROVES DELISTING
OF ULEN & co, ISSUE
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The Securities Commission granted
today an application by the New York
Curb Exchange to strike from listing
and registration Ulen g. Co. per cent
convertible sinking fund gold deben-
lures, due August !, 1914, bearing
three stamps.
The commissions order will become
effective at the close Of the trading
session September 7.
Evening star., 1937-08-31
U. S. TREASURY POSITION.
~ the Associated Press.

~ UIlE NSSUN4d teU I ItSS
The position of the Treasury August
IS: Receipts. .S17.95o,3 1851; expenditures,
s2l'33557 oIs 40; balance s2sss 500
435.775,551
Receipts for the fiscal year (since July
j.. SS2S, ,6SS.24. "a; expenditures. ST.
Is6 6.e1s 1s6as. including S363. OPS, ,aSS. %
Of emergency expenditures: excess of ex-
penditures. S351,a223 1924: gross debt,
S31 041 AZ ,652 .95 an increase of 3d.
800, 176 81 over the previous day: gold as
gets. So. 1924 ,46l.0S. including ST.
S20,S00, 1913 90 of inactive gold.
Evening star., 1937-08-31
LIONEL SHARES OFFERED.

NEW YORK, August 81 (speciaD.-
Public offering Is being made today
of $500 shares of $40 par common
stock Of the Lionel Corp. at price Of
$l2 per share, by group headed by
Granbery, Marache g. Lord and in
cluding Emanuel & Co. and A. c.
Allyn g. Co., Inc.
Evening star., 1937-08-31
FAILURES TOTAL HIGHER.

NEW YORK. August 81 lPy.-Busi-
ness failures in the United States for
the week ended August Is totaIed l55,
against $50 a week earlier and 1873 in
the like week last year, Dun g. Brad.
street reported.
Evening star., 1937-08-31
ODD.LOT DEALINGS.
BY the Associated Press.

The Securities Commission reported to-
day these transactions by customers with
odd-lot dealers or specialists on the New
York Stock Exchange for August 2s: 2.52e
purchases involving 50, eb3 shares: 2.l36
sales involving 81. 256 shares.
Evening star., 1937-08-31
MONEY MARKET.

NEW YORK. August 81 Es-CalI money
steady: l per cent. Prime commercial
paper l per cent Time loans steady
so,eo gays; X; 1.e months per cent.
count rate. New York Reserve Bank. pkr
cent.
Evening star., 1937-08-31
MONTREAL SILVER.

MONTREAL August 81 lP,-Slver fu-
lures opened firm so points higher Sep
tember 43.75b: December, 4355b; March.
44.55b Bid
Evening star., 1937-08-31
FREIGHT LOADINGS.

NEW YORK. August 81 R.-Revenue
freight oArloadings on railroads reporting
2odAy for the week ended August 20 in
0luded:
Evening star., 1937-02-06

jurisdiction over the Cherokees. Re-
lease OF the missionaries was ordered.
Informed OF this development, Jack
son was widely quoted as comment
ing: We'll, John Marshall has made
his decision, now let him enforce it."
Some historians doubt that he made
the statement. Anyhow, the time
never arrived when the executive
power to enforce the ruling was re-
quested. Georgia later pardoned the
missionaries.
A few weeks after the Supreme
Court ruling. Jackson made a state
ment as to the relative powers OF the
Executive, Congress and the Judiciary
that has been frequently discussed
In vetoing . bill on July 10, 1882, to
renew the charter Of the Bank Of the
United Staes. Jackson asserted that
the authority of the Supreme Court
must not be permitted to control the
Congress, or the Executive, when act
ing in their legislative capacities"
After criticism by President Van
Buren, in his 1888 message to Congress
Of decision upholding the right of
the District of Columbia Circuit Court
to issue a writ Of mandamus against
Government officials, the Supreme
Court passed through period of COM
parative quietude.
Theodore Roosevelt expressed the
view that the courts at times were an
obstacle to progress and suggested the
recall Of judicial decisions and Of
judges by vote of the people.
In . speech at Vicksburg in Octo-
ber, 1907, he made statement bearing
q striking resemblance to recent ut
terances Of his distant cousin. Frank
lin D. Roosevelt. He said:
The Constitution must be inter-
preted not as a strait jacket. not as
laying the hand of death upon our
development. but as an instrument de-
signed for the life and healthy growth
of the Nation"
The court thereafter proceeded
amid tranquility until Franklin d.
Roosevelt became President
Evening star., 1937-02-06
of the American Bar Association, in
a prepared statement. criticized Presi-

of the American Bar Association, in
a prepared statement, criticized Presi-
dent Roosevelt's recommendations for
revision of the Federal courts and said
they were "out of line" with the Con-
stitution's segregation of official
powers. Stinchfield said his observa-
tions were his personal views and were
in no sense to be construed as an
official declaration by the Bar ASs0-
citation. 1.-THE Constitution itself pro-
vided q way for amendment" he said,
"a way in which every citizen could
have influence in his home State"
The statement said congressional
legislation the last four years has pro-
posed extraordinary changes" and
added that the Supreme Court had
invalidated some measures because
they invade the fundamental rights Of
citizens and States"
Newton d. Baker, prominent lawyer
and Secretary of War in the cabinet
of President Wilson, said: This is q
very serious proposal and, having been
made by the President. has to be Sc
riously considered. AT first blush, 1t
looks as though court Of wholly un.
Evening star., 1937-02-06
COURT ADDITIONS
HELD NO SOLUTION
Legislative Curb on Sd De-
cisions Is Advocated
by Norris.
BY FRED C. KELLY.

Senator George w. Norris, independ-
ent, Of Nebraska, after expressing sur
prise over President Roosevelt's tudici-
ary reform message. said:
Il am heartily in accord with the
President as to the need for remedying
existing conditions. But I do not agree
with him on what the remedy should
be. I am not in sympathy with the
plan to enlarge the Supreme Court
If the court gradually came to have Is
members we might sooner or later be
In the same situation we are now
unless something else were done.
1T might easily happen that q ma
jority out of Is members would see
through glasses htted to meet needs Of
another generation. Just as is true to-
day with only nine members. 1t IS
not only men past 10 who see through
glasses darkly. There are plenty "
younger men totally and hopelessly
unaware that the world about them Is
undergoing inevitable changes; this
Is even true sometimes OF men once
called liberals
Il think a much simpler plan Is for
Congress to pass legislation-Which n
I'm sure 1t has a constitutional right
to do-making a bare five-to-four de-
ciSion illegal. and requiring that, n
cases involving constitutional inter-
pretation, at least two-thirds majority
is necessary.
II would also limit the powers of
injunction. This could be done by
bonding requirements. In one of the
T. v. A. cases the plaintiff put up no
bond whatsoever TO protect those who
suffered from long delays while the
case was awaiting decision OF the
Supreme Court. During that time II
municipalities willing and anxious to
buy T. V. A. power were not permitted
to do so. The Federal Government lost
that revenue, while water spilled over
dams creating power that went TO
waste. and the municipalities lost the
advantages Of cheaper power. Why
shouldn't the plaintiff in such an IN
junction have been compelled to put
up bond to pay for all those losses II
the courts finally declared the injunc-
ton unwarranted?"
Senator Norris said he approved tf
the Presidents proposal to have coll
stitutional questions taken immediate
ly to the Supreme Court and given
priority there for prompt decision.
tCopyrtght. 1887, by the North American
Newspaper Alliance Incl
Evening star., 1937-02-06
BALTIMORE SIN.

The President is fresh from q ma
tional election in which he was re-
peatedly challenged to declare whether
he had plans either to amend the
Constitution or to alter the Supreme
Court. He was silent before those
challengers. He avoided the issue
when the voters were going to the
polls. He thereby permitted those
who might have voted against him.
had he declared himself on the great
issue Of the Constitution and the
court, to vote for him on other issues.
Therefore, his present plan to revo-
lutionize the Supreme Court and thus
to change the prevailing theories of
constitutional construction takes on
quite plainly the character of decep-
ton. To put it conservatively, Mr.
Roosevelt has been disingenuous with
the people of-this country.
Evening star., 1937-02-06
ROCHESTER DEMOCRAT AND
CHRONICLE.

There are at first glance many
things to commend in the purposes
stated in the Presidents Recommended
tions on the Fedei al judiciary. One
turns with question. however, to the
news report that the President ex-
pressed belief that j. his proposals
were effective no constitutional
amendment and no fundamental
change in the powers of the court
would be necessary" Does he mean
by that that he proposes to appoint
Supreme Court justices who will in
terpret Federal powers as he wishes
them to be interpreted? Is the con-
stitutional distribution of Federal
and State powers to be altered by in
duced judicial Interpretation, instead
Of by clear expression of the peoples
wishes through an amendment?
These. and not the purposes stated in
the text of the message. are the con-
siderations on which public opinion
Evening star., 1937-02-06
Press Comment on Court Plan
Newspapers of Nation State Opinions on Pre,;-
DENIS Move to Increase High
Tribunal Membership.

Editorial comment from leading
daily newspapers Of the Nation on
President Roosevelt's proposal to in
crease the membership of the United
States Supreme Court follows:
Evening star., 1937-02-06
DES MONIES REGISTER.

Many of Roosevelt's proposals have
merit. But the heat of the debate
will center not on what he propose
but why he proposes it. Packing OF
the court is bad method. Putting
the court in its place in this country
would. unfortunately, have primarily
the effect of expanding the power, not
Of the legislative but of the executive.
Executive aggrandizement is not safe
for democracy. 1t is not yet evident
that packing the court is indispen.
sable to the getting of a workable 6e-
gree of liberal constructionism from
the court in the next decade. We
doubt very much whether even the
greater Roosevelt that arrived Novem-
ber will be able to get this whole
program through his almos one-party
Congress.
Evening star., 1937-02-06
ALBANY KNICKERBOCKER PRESS.

ALbAN1 hNIChEHbOChEH fhkSS.
On January 80, 1895, he announced
he did not intend to recommend an
increase in the number of associate
justices II forthcoming decisions on
New Deal policies were not favorable.
Now he has acted consistent only
with his inconsistency. The message
will start all sorts of comment This
will boil down to the solid fact that
our Government has been composed
Of three equal parts-eXecutive, legis-
lative, judicial-but If the executive
by controlling the judicial absorbs it,
then it is no longer our Government,
no longer essentially American.
Evening star., 1937-02-06
SAN FRANCISCO CHRONICLE.

BY his own choice. Mr.. RooSevelt's
second political honeymoon is over.
He has raised an issue which he
knows will evoke an opposition as
implacable as his own purpose. On
it he invites a fight to a finish.
Inevitably he will get it. His sensa-
tional message to Congress is an open
declaration of war on the Supreme
Court. which is none the less direct
because its first attack is on the
flank. 1t is the announcement of the
Presidents determination to pack the
Federal judiciary with judges who will
sustain the measures which he is de-
termined that Congress shall pass.
Failing to get the desired results this
way, he will reluctantly seek them
the other way, by constitutional
amendment. Either way, he proposes
10 get them.
Evening star., 1937-02-06
NEW YORK TIMES.

NEW IOhh IIMES.
President Roosevelt surprised Con-
gress and the country yesterday by a
message, with an accompanying bill,
urging sweeping reforms in the Fed
eral judiciary. For some Of them he
argued plausibly.
The Presidents message repeatedly
speaks of the desirability of introduc-
ing new blood" into the Federal
courts. As 1t would not be constitu-
tional to remove the men of older
blood against their will, the plan is
to name young judges to sit with
them. This would be tantamount to
public notice that they are incompe-
tent for their work. Under such cir
cumstances most Of them would prob
ably resign in disgust. Or TIE
other hand, If the wicked old men"
refuse to resign. the President can
add six judges to the court.
This is undoubtedly the p .. OF the
Presidents plan which should be most
adversely criticized. His action leaves
him fairly open to the charge that
he is endeavoring to do by indirection
what he cannot do directly. Clever
ness and adroitness in dealing ith
the Supreme Court are not qualities
which sober-minded citizens will ap-
prove. Nor will the fact fail to be
emphasized that Mr.. Roose cit gave
not q single hint of such a scheme in
any OF his speeches during the cam
To he II
when seeking a mandate from the
people, 1t would have been only l-oper
for him to make public some mt of
his intentions.
They will now, however. have the
opportunity to express their opinion
And the voice OF lawyers in particular
will and should be heard in no uncer-
tain sound. Congress may make haste
to PROSTATE itself before the Presi-
dents will, but fortunately there are
in that body enough good lawyers
to make sure that the bill will have
full and searching discussion. The
closest scrutiny will be given those
parts OF it dealing with the personnel
Of judges. Therein lies the greatest
danger of political sharp p:actice-a
thing which Americans are not yet
ready to condone under the name of
judici reform.
NEW YORK NEWS.
At long last, to use Edward Wits
famous phrase, President Roosevelt
has done what people generally
have felt he would have to do if he
was to carry on the New Deal. In .
sensational special message to Con-
gress the President came out for
reform and Encouragement of the
Federal courts. from the Supreme
Court down.
The message vas historic No such
sweeping reform Of the courts has
been called for by a previous Presi-
dent. though other Presidents. notably
Jackson and Grant. have ha their
historic tilts with the Supreme Court.
The fact is that the people voted
on the question whether they wanted
Roosevelt to carry on with the New
Deal or wanted Landon to put the
New Deal to death and get back to
Harding Coolidge Hoover normalcy.
The people voted for Roosevelt by an
overwhelming ma ajority.
With both houses of Congress heav-
lily Democratic, it looks to us as II
the Presidents reforms will win, and
We hope they do.
Evening star., 1937-02-06
should be formed and congressional
action based.
HARTFORD COURANT.

The disguise of sophistry does not
MAKE 1t any less apparent that Presi-
dent Roosevelt wants to attain the
objectives Of the New Deal by packing
the Supreme Court of the United
States. When he says that If the
measures he recommends achieve
their aim I'VE may be relieved of the
necessity of considering any funda-
mental changes in the powers OF the
courts or the Constitution of our
Government" he makes evident what
his real purpose is. He might more
plainly put it by frankly saying, let
me appoint six judges to the Supreme
Court and they will see to it that
the Constitution does not stand in
the way Of what want to do"
PORTLAND (Oreg.) OREGONIAN.
Nobody unless an unreasoning par
tisan of the New Deal, will fail to
recognize that President Roosevelt,
in his proposals to Congress, is reach
ing for control Of the courts and more
particularly the Supreme Court. No
body will fail to know that If the
legislation he asks for is enacted he
will appoint to the Federal courts,
including the Supreme Court, men
whose views concerning legislation
that he wants coincide with his own.
That will be the test of their qualifi-
cations. This is significant and the
keynote Of the Presidents message.
They cannot be obscured by the
plausibility and the soundness of
much else that he had to say.
Evening star., 1937-02-06

The plan is put forward with all the
artistry of the Presidents political
mind. He bangles before the House
and Senate 50 new and important
jobs, always ripe and luscious bait
for the congressional mind. He in
geniously conveys the impression that
all he seeks is routine and moderate
effort to speed up justice and improve
the whole Federal bench.
Yet :. the brutal fact Is that Pres
ident Roosevelt would pack the Su-
preme Court with six ney justices
of his own choosing. The laws de-
lays, due to clogged calendars, are
made the chief basis for the action
asked. These do exist In some Of the
lower courts. They do not exist in
the Supreme Court which, since the
time of Chief Justice Taft, has been
practically abreast of its calendar.
These petty failings Of the minor
courts are the pretense, the smoke
screen, under which the President
asks Congress to deliver to him con-
troll Of the Supreme Court and with it
the right to rewrite the Constitution
as he and his compliant Congress
choose,
Evening star., 1937-02-06

NEW YORK HERALD TRIBUNE.
President Roosevelt has brought
forward . proposal would end
the American state as it has existed
throughout the long years Of its life.
Evening star., 1937-02-06

BUFFALO COURIER EXPRESS.
In his special message to Congress-
Mr.. Roosevelt said the purpose Of his
proposal was Ito strengthen the ad-
ministration OF justice and to make
it a more effective servant of public