davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1936-07-25
Jefferson as Agitator
And as Administrator
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor OF The Star: -
Glamorous romanticists can weave .
spell Of enchantment around the acqui.
sition Of Louisiana by the United States
during the administration of Thomas
Jefferson. But contemporary history
gives 1t quite q different setting when
the reason is known.
Inhabitants Of the Northwest Terri
tory (ancestors, probably. Of the so-called
modern economic royalistsc were'using
the Mississippi River as commercial
convenience. The outlet was through
the Port of New Orleans. The Spanish
commandant threatened to close the port
to American shipping. Then the militant
ancestral commercial element threatened
to seize the port If he did. ~. {.
The news naturally spread to Wash
ington. 1t created q serious problem for
President Thomas Jefferson. He was
forced to act and act quickly.
Starting to negotiate with Spain for
continued use by Americans Of the COM
mercial outlet through New Orleans, he
found that Spain secretly had retroceded
Louisiana to France.
Being a matter of commerce with for
eign nations or among the States, 1t
could be settled best II Louisiana became
American territory. Jefferson learned
that France needed money for war pur-
poses and was willing to sell Louisiana
for q moderate price. To avert inter-
national complications and threatened
hostilities, this commercial uprising was
quelled by purchase of Louisiana by the
United States.
The temporary government for part
Of 1.-THE Territory OF Orleans-was
formed by President Jefferson appoint
ing the Governor, secretary, Legislative
Council of thirteen residents holding real
estate therein, judges, district attorney,
marshal and all general officers OF the
militia. If Congress was in recess at
the time, the incumbentS were to pe NOM
next meeting.
Thus the great apostle Of liberty
(Thomas jefferson, approved and ex-
erciSed over the newly acquired Territory
of Orleans the power of Governor, Legis-
lature. court and militia. All the great
departments OF civil government and
military control there were centered
under authority of one man. 1t was also
property government, so far as his real
estate owning Legislature was concerned.
Probably no territorial acquisition Of the
United States had less freedom than
the Territory of Orleans under such q
temporary government.
Some day the worshipers of the Sage
of Monticello will learn to differentiate
between Thomas Jefferson the agitator
and Thomas Jefferson the office- e-holding
administrator. His championship OF the
rights of man was sublime. But in an
administrative capacity his high ideals
were sacrificed. by conformity or ap-
proval, to Government procedure through
laws that did not uphold his espousal
of liberty for all men.
Jefierson's all-embracing preliminary
government of the Territory Of Orleans
with his real estate-owning makers OF
the laws, was far, far distant from the
principles enunciated in the Declaration
of Independence and perpetuated under
the Constitution of the United States.
JOSEPH w. CHENEY.
Evening star., 1936-07-25
Judge Mattingly's
Comments Praised

To the Editor of The Star
take it that your editorial policy does
not prevent the publication by you of
views at variance with your own. and
am therefore requesting the publica
ton of these views.
I believe q serious mistake was COM
mitted in publishing your editorial of
Monday entitled Judicial Duck Soup"
criticizing Judge Mattingly for what
you call his ill-advised lecture on COM
munism" to two persons found guilty OF
distributing communistic handbills at
the ball park" Instead, think you
missed a splendid opportunity to pay
him a well-merited compliment for his
wisdom. good judgment and patriotism.
and his unwillingness to be beguiled
by the oft-repeated communistic propa-
ganda that communism should not 'be
taken seriously" Those who have given
the matter serious study know that it is
most serious. It is creeping through the
world like Shiny snake. The peoples
of Russia, Mexico. Spain and France all
thought it couldn't happen there. They
know better now, but too late! Com
munism does not wish to be taken Sc
riously by others than its dupes and
paid agents, until 1t is too late to sue
.ceSSl ullv COMBAT II. 1nlS is why the
boring from within methods are resorted
to in all countries. 1t is so serious that
Pope Plus Is constantly warning all
pilgrims who visit him that mankind
is 'neglecting to do its duty" against
this immense peril"
Two other important factors appear
to have been overlooked in your criti-
cism of Judge Mattingly. First, that
Judge Mattingly was and is, obligated
by an oath of Office to support the Con-
stitution of the United States, and, con-
sequently, with his knowledge that COM
munism seeks, by insidious and deceptive
means and also by resort to force and
violence when deemed necessary, to over
throw this Republic, he was not at liberty
to treat communistic handbills distrib-
uted in violation of law as no more
serious than other handbills not In
themselves Objectionable Second. that
it was distinct part of his judicial
duties, in determining the amount of
sentence to be imposed, to consider, ex-
plain and condemn the seriousness of
the violation. GEORGE E. SULLIVAN.
Evening star., 1936-07-25
Good Omen.

Announcement by the United States
Steel Corporation of uniform plan for
overtime compensation for labor in ex-
cess of eight hours day or forty eight
hours a week will doubtless derive much
of its significance from the activities of
the Committee for Industrial OrganiZa-
ton. The steel corporation announce
ment let's it be known that adoption Of
the plan follows conclusion Of con-
ferences with employees under the col
lective bargaining system which has
been in effect in the steel industry for
many years. 1t is this system that the
c. I. o. would displace.
Certainly the steel corporations pres
ervation of its collective bargaining sys-
tenn will not be damaged by a plan
which holds out the promise of higher
wages and uniform working hours for
its employees. But it is to be doubted
that the proposed unionization drive
under the c. I. o. had great deal to
do with the overtime wage announce
ment.
That plan was in effect during the
boom days of the war; being dropped
in 1921. During the war it resulted in
material wage increases for employees.
No such immediate prospect is seen now.
While the average work week in the
steel industry has risen from the low
point of thirty hours during the de-
preston to slightly above forty, under
the present impetus of reviving busi-
ness, there is still lacking the demand
that will shove the average work week
above forty-eight hours, when time and
half pay becomes effective. Steel Is
now employing almost half million men
the greatest number on record. But
production, while showing rather con-
sistent increases, is but seventy per cent
of capacity. ...
The steel industry is doubtless antici-
pating the day when continued de-
mand, under business revival, will put
labor at premium, or, as Governor
Landon said in his Topeka address,
when "the problem will not be to find
work for the workers, but where to find
workers for the work" Since 1879, ac-
cording to the American Iron and Steel
Institute, employment in the steel indus
try has increased at the rate of 81 per
cent per year, as compared with an
average annual rate of 2.7 per cent in
other industries. The overtime policy
just announced, then, is a good omen in
more than one respect. The steel indus
try is getting ready for business.
Evening star., 1936-07-25
STARS, MEN AND ATOMS
Notebook of Science Progress in Field,
Laboratory and Study.
BY THOMAS r. HENRY.

which it is possible to take pictures Of
living cells enlarged $4,000 diameters.
The space e-measuring device enables
Prof. Arthur H. Compton to survey the
distance between layers of atoms in a
crystal. The technique involves send
ing x-rays ricocheting between the
atomic layers and measuring the change
in wave length Of the rays as result Of
their passage.
The ruling machine, recently devised
the gratings which are vital to all spec.
trum work.
Wild ducks and geese are getting a
new deal. The Federal Government now
has more than two million acres under
development as refugees for these birds
Two years ago there were only TOO, 900
acres.
These refugees are located along the
four main north and south routes of the
birds-the Atlantic. the Mississippi, the
central and the Pacific. The land con-
sists for the most part of swamp area
worthless for agriculture. although some
Of it has been utilized for improbable
farming in the past This has resulted
in running it for the migrants, but so
strong is the force of instinct built up
through thousands of generations that
the birds continue to follow their an
cestral routes.
The work of restoring the old water
fowl feeding and stop-over grounds is
being done by % Civilian Conservation
Corps camps, with nearly 5000 workers,
under the direction of Biological Survey
workers. These improve the refugees by
building islands in many Of the large,
shallow water areas and dams to store
and control water. In the northern areas
the islands are used by the ducks as
nesting grounds, while in the central
and southern regions they serve as food
growing sites. The islands also prevent
waves and wind from tearing up water
vegetation before it is firmly rooted. To
provide food for the water fowl the
G. c. c. workers are planting field crops
and also seeds Of aquatic plants in shall
low water. Food for upland game on or
near the refugees Is provided by planting
food-bearing shrubs and trees.
Evening star., 1936-07-25
berian Melange.

The progeny of Tubal, fifth of the
sons of Japhet; the Phoenicians, voyag-
ing from Tyre; the Carthaginians, led
by Hamilcar, Hannibal and Hasdrubal,
uselessly challenging the might of Rome;
Pompey, Caesar and Augustus, followed
by the Vandals. the Visigoths and the
Saracens; the Emirs at Cordova and
Pelayo in Asturias and Leon; Charles
Martel at Tours, turning back the ORR
entail tide in 1888; the invasion of Charlie
magne; Roland at Roncesvalles, calling
in vain for the aid of his master.
CASTLE and Aragon, new stars among
the nations; Henry of Besancon in Por-
tugal, driving out the infdels; the Cid
Rodrigo and his exploits valorous;
Moors, from Africa, displacing Saracens
in the struggle against the Christians;
five hundred years of racial war until
Ferdinand and Isabella occupied Gran
ada in 1892.
Meanwhile, the blood-red shadow of
the Inquisition and the expulsion of the
Jews: then Columbus discovering the
Western Hemisphere "by accident; the
House Of Austria, Charles v and Cardi-
nal ximenes; Philip II, the conflict
with France, victory at st. Quentin,
persecution of the Protestants, the
building Of the Escurial, Morisco revolts,
the naval triumph over the Turks at
Lepanto, the loss of the Netherlands
to William Of Orange, and, in 1888, the
destruction Of the Armada unwisely
sent against England and Elizabeth.
The Bourbons succeeding to the throne
at the close Of the eighteenth century,
Gibraltar taken by the British, Cardi-
nal Alberoni's reforms, the conquest Of
Naples, Trafalgar and the invasion Of
Napoleon, Joseph Bonaparte as king, Sir
John Moore at Corllnna and Wellington
at Fuentes de Onoro, Ferdinand VII re-
stored, Riego's revolution, the Carlist
troubles, Queen Christina and Godoy,
General Prim and Isabella II, ten dec
ades of civil strife, gradual colonial de-
cline, ending in surrender of Cuba and
the Philippines to the United States,
Evening star., 1936-07-25

A window box will do It II nothing
better Is available. but . small yard Is
best.
Yes, even better than q large yard.
The big place Is best only for q certain
type. If one Is sure he is this type, and
has the money, then the bigger the
better.
Your average human Of city inclina-
tions will do best to be satisfied with
a small place, for gardening Of the best
sort Is not for . day, or . week, month
or few years, but ought to be for many
years, when the long pull at times be"
comes tiresome.
The best garden for the average city
person is one in which there Is enough
to do, but not too much to be done.
There is . subtle distinction.
The typical city person may look
,longingly at acres, and scores Of acres,
but he will have enough sense to realize
that their care Is an all-day job.
Why, even the lawn, II large enough,
will take several days to cut.
Hence the small place is better suited
to many-we had almost said most-if
there is not In the habits and inclina-
tions of the subject q real deep-seated
urge for the work in hand.
A little of this work, . gentle potter
ing, Is about all the strict city man
needs. In this amount, however, he will
hnd much to help him over the rough
places of life.
A little is enough.
...- ++&A
He will never get over the strange
ness Of the garden, though he live in
1t for half a century.
Daily 1t reminds him of all that is
not city.
It's problems are not city problems, its
solutions not city solutions.
You leave the city when you go
through the gate of the smallest garden.
You not only leave concrete behind
you, but civics and the like. Leave those
to men whose minds run in those di-
rections.
The garden brings up q new set Of
problems, in whose solution the city man
finds himself a cousin Of the great
naturalists OF times past, devoted men
of all nations. who were called and
looked upon themselves as natural phi
losophers," which they were.
IL SOd pAdht PaShCt "a cCC0 yOu "A e
making first timid steps in their di-
rection.
Linneas is your blood brother then.
Many q city resident catches himself
feeling q bit strange that first time he
plants ANIMALS, or digs hole for
rosebush, or trims . hedge, or handles
. lawnmower.
It Is true feeling, one which subse-
quent days and years will wear away, SO
that he will come to regard himself in
the amateur gardener role as by divine
right.
Then It will be just as well II he re-
minds himself that this role is a strange,
q novel one. at least for him, forever.
He will be able to look at his yard
with fresh eyes, reminding him always
of the perennial youth of Nature. who
long ago found the elixir of life for her
self, If not for the rest of US. If this
elixir is to be discovered it will be in
the garden. and no place else. Old
Ponce de Leon had the right idea about
that. -l-.
May the sheer strangeness Of it all
never desert U.s. but cling about our
hearts and minds and hands, and re-
fresh us each time We step within the
garden gate.
Evening star., 1936-07-25

On his trip to this country the affable
Dane who wed Ruth Bryan Owen is de-
scribed by keen sartorial observers as
having worn a raspberry-colored shirt.
There are SO many black shirts and even
red shirts mingled in the political color
scheme that fashion might welcome the
raspberry shirt as significant of pleas
ant state of mind.
Evening star., 1936-07-25
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRAcEWELL.

One Of the charms Of the small garden
to the city man is the pure strangeness
of it.
A plot of ground is adventure, some
thing out Of the ordinary. to him, and
1t always stays so, II he handles 1t
properly.
If he cannot 60 to far places, at least
he can journey into this twice q day
II he pleases, all day Sunday II he feels
so minded. . Z
+ The yard may not seem much to
others, but to him 1t is something very
out Of the ordinary Of his life. The surer
grip he has on this central fact the more
he will appreciate his garden.
The city man, whether strictly In the
city or in the suburbs, Is q man who in
sensibly has grown away from the soil.
He has come to accept his parks,
squares and circles and such large tracts
as Rock Greek Park as having been pro-
vided for his enjoyment. ,.
All the work in them has been done
by others.
The home garden, large or small, is
the place he goes into ION his own, y
%,
cept by his will.
II he wants roses, he plants them. II
he has secret hankering for sweet peas,
he tries to grow EN-. His mind may turn
to lilies, often difiicult subjects, or the
stately delphinium, another hard-to-
raise flower.
It is all up to him, and he knows It,
and in that knowledge finds his first real
contact with the soil.
1t will not do to sneer politely at the
man with a few feet of ground on the
assumption that acres are required for
human to be completely in touch with
Mother Earth.
The small garden, in some ways, is
the ideal garden-especially for the city
man. II objection is raised that there
really is no difference between the city
man and the small town man or the
country man We reply that the city man
Is distinct from all other types on earth.
Whether he is city born or came from
village or farm, the city insensibly does
something to him in the end. Just how
long this will require is another matter.
One will succumb quickly. Another may
require years before he is changed. But
at last one and all come to accept too
much and not do enough. 1t is the city.
No one is to blame. if blame there is,
and some feel there is. 1t is the city, and
there is no getting away from 1t If you
stay long enough.
The small garden gives complete re-
freshment from the spirit Of the city,
for it is the real thing. as far as it goes.
1t is the spirit Of the country-the
country toned down, undoubtedly. but
the real thing after all.
Hence the city resident finds in his
garden something more than a handful
of flowers, q few shrubs, maybe tree,
a fence or q hedge.
He discovers principles which rule the
earth, no less.
1t is a curious thing to witness faces
on hard city streets and realize that
many of those faces belong to men and
women who actually believe that flowers
come from florists boxes, Just as some
city children honestly believe that milk
comes from bottles.
The small garden-sometimes one may
feel the smaller the better-Saves one
from all that. 1t actually puts one in
touch with the real things of heaven
and earth, the many-sided adventures
which are ever new, though completely
old -
Evening star., 1936-07-25

the 19-year group continued its GRIM
inal tendencies and became second Of
tenders, or denotes an improvement OF
economic factors lessening the temptation
of the younger group to engage in GRIM
inal practices. The trend Is being studied
to ascertain its significance and to deter
mine whether it is Of temporary or per-
manent character.
One fact is significant. During the
first six months of this current year
about one-sixth. of the persons arrested
in the United States had pre-majority
arrest record. Approximately IS per cent
of all persons arrested, were less than
rs years of age. ~ T..
Evidently the training of American
youth is at fault. What are the factors
of this failure9 Lack of proper educa-
ton? Lack of proper, home training?
The negligence of parents, the evil influ-
ence Of environment or the pernicious
suggesuyeness of amusements? 1t is not
the function of the Federal Bureau of
Investigation to probe into these causes
or to seek remedies for this lamentable
condition. It's job is to conduct the sta
tistical research and to take hand in
the pursuit and capture Of. those who
violate the Federal laws. But its revela-
tions, through its studies Of the crime
figures and facts, are of value to the
disciplinary agencies of the States, the
educational authorities and the indi-
vidual parents, upon whom. in the final
analysis, rests the responsibility for the
proper care and training of the younger
generation.
Evening star., 1936-07-25
LandOn on Foreign Policy.

Presumably, as in the case of other
fundamental issues, Governor Landon
will seize later campaign occasions to
amplify his views regarding the United
States foreign relations. His acceptance
speech, like the party platform, deals
only briefly with international affairs
The nominee contents himself with
terse recital of the Republican record in
"the advancement of justice and peace"
without indicating any future program
along those lines. 1t was understood at
Cleveland that Senator Borah's influ-
ence was responsible for giving the for
eign affairs plank an essentially ma
tionaliSt or isolationiSt hue The Idahoan
will not discover anything in the Topeka
address that runs counter to his .con-
ception of what the United States should
door not do-to ameliorate conditions
in the sadly disordered world beyond our
shores.
Unquestionably this attitude of aloof-
ness faithfully reflects the present tenn
per of the American people. 1t does
not differ in any vital respect from the
position assumed by the Democrats. The
political heirs of Woodrow Wilson, even
in advocating the reelection of a dis
tingushed member of the World War
Presidents administration-Studio
refrain from proposing adhesion to the
League of Nations or its adjunct, the
World Court. Both parties obviously
have come to the conclusion that it is
the preponderant determination of the
country at this juncture to attend
strictly to its own knitting and concen-
trate on the solution of its many and
Still grave domestic problems.
Governor Landon nevertheless does
well to recount tersely the consistent
efforts made by the United States not
only under the Republican initiatives
he cites-efforts continued under subse-
quent Democratic supervision-to
strengthen the worlds peace and eco
nomic structure. 1t is record of which
the American people have no need to
be ashamed. The Governor recalls how
Republican Presidents sent delegates to
The Hague conferences and how one of
them, Theodore Roosevelt, took the lead
in terminating the Russo-Japanese War.
He refers to President HardingS con-
vening of the Washington Conference
for reduction and limitation of naval
ornaments and to President Coolidge's
leadership in securing adoption of the
Kellogg pact outlawing war. In pur-
suance of the policy typifed by these
successive activities Governor Landon
pledges the United States readiness to
'take every opportunity to promote
among the nations peace based upon
Justice and human rights" He enun-
ciates fortnight American doctrine in
insisting that this country will join in
no plan that would sap its independence
of judgment" or commit it to any prof.
ect that might embroil us in war, in
the starting of which we had no part.
Furthermore, the KanSan emphasizes
Americas mistrust of "a false peace built
on the foundation of armed camps
his way of saying that the United States
does not look upon excessive armaments
as a guarantee of a warless world.
Common sense, the hallmark OF the
Landon candidacy, finds characteristic
expression in the Governors plain
spoken definition of American foreign
policy.
Evening star., 1936-07-25
Judge Mattingly Upheld
In Communism Case
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
I say three cheers for Judge Mat
tingly and would like to be one to Join
others in contributing 81 each for the
purchase Of medal of honor for him
to show our appreciation for his cour-
age.
The rapid growth of communism in
this country is due principally to the
pussyfooting of good, true Americans
I never yet have poured a spoonful of
sour cream in a pitcher of sweet cream
without communicating the whole.
MRS. G. C. SNIFFEN.
Evening star., 1936-07-25
Plunking Out the Bad News.

"It's marvellous what you can do with
machinery" said the inventor. Look
at an adding machine!"
Il don't like to-" said Senator Sor-
ghum. "Its all right when you can keep
feeding your favorite figures into it. but
it's poor company when your calculations
have been thrown into reverse"
Evening star., 1936-07-25
A Rhyme at Twilight
By
Gertrude Brooke Hamilton
A Heart Cry.

: A Heart Cry.
They send me fiowers-say that am
brave:
And all the while the sob within my
breast ... ..~.r
VIII not be quelled. The only thing
crave
Is your dear voice to sing my heart
to rest.
All, my beloved. 1t seems long, so long,
Since have heard the music Of your
song! -
To hear again, as twilight closes down.
The songs that both Of us once held
so dear
think would hush the noises of the
town
And bring the peace of Heaven very
'F near.
The flowers are lovely, sweet too In
the praise. - %
But oh. for one hour Of those song
filed days!
Evening star., 1936-07-25
Italy's Heel and Toe.

From the Sacramento Bee.
Halle selassie says. the Ethiopians
never will consent to live under the heel
Of an aggressor. 1t would appear in this
instance. however, that the heel has not
been employed nearly 50 much as the
toe.