davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1936-10-09

had something Of interest to tell
CLAUDE MASON. did you tell
him Marge? l wish I had been
there if you did, cause I'd have
loved to have seen the expression
on his face.) ;. Two young men
have approached me during the
last three days as to the identity of
the st. Paul "fashion-plate gar
'bage man" working in Minneapolis.
Each one thinks he fits the bill
Especially the fashion-plate part
of it). Sorry, boys, the rules of the
column forbid me divulging names
of people mentioned. Thanks
to that tall, nice-looking Romeo in
the gray tweed suit for giving me
his seat on the University-S Smelling
streetcar the other night. You
must be stranger in town cause
I've never seen you before. (You
won't be strange long.) The
grand opening at the Phyllis
Wheatley House went over with a
bang last Friday night. -.
Well, I'll be dashing along and
be it remembered, "Life's lessons
are not all learned in a university. +"
Yours inquisitively,
SAL
ALPHA PHI ALPHA MEETS
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1936-10-09
Personalities
BY NELL DODsON

This is one of the weeks when
column material has been unusu-
ally slow and the Dodson brain re-
fuses to function even the teeniest
bit. AS a rule it's an easy task to
sit down at typewriter and dash
off a few words, but just like that
columnist of all columnists, o. o.
Mcintyre, says, there are days
when even the best efforts flop and
blank sheet is the total result of
mental jigging around. But col
umn is due and so something will
have to be put down in the usual
space even if it's only loud "Ker-
choo!"
In Philosophy class Wednesday
mawning, the prof kept everybody
dewy-eyed and enthralled with a
tale of the immortal love the poet
Dante had for the lovely Beatrice.
He told it in such glowing terms
that complete silence crept over
the room and not even the usual
coughs and shiftings interrupted
the beautiful story telling. I cast
wary glance around and saw hard
bitten college gals and lads with
far-away, dreamy look in their
eyes-that is, all with the exception
of one guy-who slept away peace
fully in the front row with such
open-mouthed oblivion that his ton
sils displayed themselves fragrant
ly. All of which goes to show that
some people just amt got no sech
thing in 'em as Romance.
The Minneapolis Forum last
Sunday brought out a capacity
crowd, and the discussion on racial
prejudice was interesting and, at
times, quite heated. I saw num-
Der of people sitting on the edges
of their chairs with tacit disap-
prevail of what was being said writ
ten on their faces, but none of
them got up to enter the discus
sion. A lot of the opinions that 1
heard expressed afterwards were
even more intelligent than those
that came to the front in the open
discussion. False modesty evident
ly prevented them from being
presented, and then, too, a few
views were so definitely startling
that they may not have been re-
ceived so well by the audience.
Ten of the colored students on
the campus, all boys, have pur-
chased their season football tickets
together and will make up sepia
roofing section. The gals were too
broke to bother much with the sea-
son ticket racket, I guess. Betty
Murphy and Audrey Beatrice have
season ducats but they purchased
theirs too late to get in with the
other gang.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1936-10-09
By Helen M. Scott
Hello Friends:

Hello Friends:
+ am sure you will enjoy the fol-
lowing interview from Mrs. PAN
sly ROSSER CHAVIS, well known
both in civic and social affairs of
the Twin Cities. Mrs. Chavis is a
graduate of Smiths Teachers Col
lege in Lynchburg, Virginia, and
has taught in the same school after
graduation. She is a graduate
nurse from Provident hospital in
Chicago and is now attending
classes out at the U.
1. Where were you born? Ans.
Lynchburg, Va.
2. If you we're leaving Mime
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1936-10-09

FREE: question answered FREE in this column ONLY
when clipping of enclosed with QUESTION
YOUR FULL NAME BIRTHDATE, and CORRECT ADDRESS.
For private reply Gin cOn) and stamped envelope for
INV AsTROLOGY READING receive by return mail FREE
OPINIONS on any QUESTIONS Address all communications
to RaymOn care this paper
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1936-10-09

11O1 Marquette Avenue, Minneapolis
KNOW w.
ice Station and Auto Cleaning System.
the
operation of automobiles him to mpart his
toners valuable information regarding the operation cost of their
automobiles
polish your
WE NEVER CLOSE: % Years Experience.
OUR PRODUCT SERVICES BEST
Give Me Patronage and Will Give Employment
Red Crown and Red Ethyl Gasoline
B. W. SERVICE STATION
11O1 Marquette Ave. Main
Evening star., 1936-06-07
PARTY LINES SPLIT
ASPANAMA VOTES
Diaz and Arosemena Are
Held Most Powerful of
Candidates.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
PANAMA CITY, Panama, June g..
With party lines and prominent fami-
lies split, Panama took precautions
today for maintaining peace on the
eve OF elections.
The two most powerful candidates
who viii oppose each other at the
polls are Domingo Diaz and DR.. Juan
Demostenes Arosemena, and their
nominations brought ensuing party
strife.
Although consideration Of the new
United States-Panama treaty has been
held mp pending the election outcome,
there was no reason to believe either
candidate would oppose 1t.
Appealing publicly for a fair and
oeaceable election, President Harmodio
Arias appointed conciliation commits
sions to cooperate with authorities
and electoral corporations.
Traffic will be suspended over the
week end and all saloons will be closed
for the election tomorrow of a presi-
dent, deputies and municipal council
men for four-year terms.
The supporters of Diaz present a
powerful front known as the "Domin-
giStas." He is the candidate OF the
Doctrinary Liberal party-divided into
two camps-and also has the support
of the Renovation Liberal party.
No less powerful Is the combination
Of parties supporting DR.. AroSemena
who, as former foreign Minister,
handled negotiations for the new
treaty with the United States. Dis
tinguished by long public service
record, he is the nominee Of the Ma
tional Revolutionary Coalition party,
an of shoot of the Doctrinary Liberals
headed by DR.. Arnulfo Arias, brother
Of the president.
Also backing him are the National
Liberals, headed by former President
Rodolfo CHAR, and the Conservatives
under the leadership Of Julio Fabrega,
one time law associate Of the president.
Evening star., 1936-06-07

est average 10 international :. law
courses, James A. Ryan of Kansas
City, Mo.
William F. Notz gold medal, founded
by Delta Phi Epsilon Fraternity, for
the highest average in the course Of
economic principles, Walter L. Smith
Of Washington.
Daniel z. Casey prize for the highest
year average In the classes In export
ing, Howard Carson Mccarthy Of
Monroe, Ga.
The DR.. j. de s. Coutinno prize
for the best accomplishment in Por-
uguese, Anthony Lawrence Digiulian
of Washington.
The Prince Albert de Ligne gold
medal, founded by former Ambassador
de Ligne of Belgium, for the best
essay on Belgian history by student
Of the classes in political and diplo-
matte history Of Europe, Carl Francis
Garges of Washington, winner; Har-
old Haywood Baetjer Of Catonsville,
Md, honorable mention.
Kappa Alpha Phi prize. founded by
Alpha Chapter, for the highest aver
age in accounting I and II, John
Walmsley Stadler Of Washington.
Evening star., 1936-06-07

chemistry, Gabriel s. Martyak of
Hazleton, Pa.
The Pathology Prize of $40 for high
est grade in pathology, Henry Chieffo
of New York City. SIS prize for second
highest grade, Charles M. Smith Of
Hudson Falls, N. Y.
Dentistry Awards Given.
In the School of Dentistry DR.. Will
liam N. Cogan, dean, made the follow
ing awards:
Twenty-Five dollar Faculty Prize to
the graduate with the best record of
scholarship, James V. Flanagan of
Grafton, w. Va.
The Dean Cogan Dental Society
Prize of $25 to the member contribut-
ing most to the development of the
society, Israel Shulman of Washington.
Omicron Kappa Upsilon scholarship
in Zeta zeta Chapter, William r.
Sacady, Washington; James v. Flana-
gan, Grafton, w. Va; John G. Murphy
Richmond Hill, Long Island; Thomas
K. O'Mealia, La Roy, N. Y; Daniel F.
Radice, Washington; Fred G. Saker,
Freehold. N. j.; Harry Sembecos,
Washington; Israel Shulman, Wash
ington. and Joseph L. Waters, Iron
ton, Ohio.
In the School of Foreign Service.
DR.. Thomas H. Healy, dean.
Delta Sigma Pi gold scholarship
key, awarded by Mu Chapter, to the
senior who in the opinion of the fac
ulty has attained the highest scholar
ship in the entire course, John William
Wibel of Washington.
Coleman Nevis gold medal to the
student having the highest record In
the courses in principles OF foreign re-
lations Of the United States, Jack
Crouch Corbett of Los Angeles, Calf.
Silver Medal Awarded.
Coleman NevilS silver medal to the
student having highest record in
courses IN current foreign relations Of
the United States, John William
Wibel Of Washington.
Edmund A. Walsh gold medal,
founded by Delta Phi Epsilon Fra
ternity, to the student with the high
Evening star., 1936-06-07
Old Scottish Custom.

When harvesting time came in
Scotland the prettiest girl among
the workers on the harvest field was
chosen to cut the last sheaf Of corn
and to decorate 1t. She was known
as the "Hairst Queen" harvest queen.
She had to carry the sheaf to the
farm house to the accompaniment Of
bagpipes and f1ddles, where the sheaf
was hung from the rafters in the
kitchen and . dance took place in its
honor. Sometimes Ceres, the goddess
of corn, was represented as a doll.
The Hairst Queen having cut the final
handful Of corn would tie it up with
ribbons and deck 1t out in honor OF
the goddess.
Evening star., 1936-06-07
conference LIKELY
ON SWIMMING POOLS
Park Officials Plan Talk With Nc
Carl Tomorrow on Recent
Ruling.

Although Controller General j. r.
McCarl has ruled that the contractors
building the new swimming pools in
East Potomac Park and in Anacostia
Park must put In piles as underpinning
at their own expense, If that be neces-
sary, park authorities propose to con-
fer with him tomorrow In an effort
to clarity the muddle.
Spokesman for the National Capt.
tai Parks will take up further details
relating to construction problems with
the controller general in an effort to
seek modification of the ruling, C.
Marshall Finnan, parks chief, re-
vealed yesterday.
McCarl's decision held that the con-
tractors were put on notice in the
specifications for the jobs to make a
first-hand inspection Of the ground
and, ascertain for themselves actual
conditions. If piling now Is necessary,
because Of flood damage, he contended,
the contractors can not blame the
Federal Government, for they should
have anticipated conditions them
selves. He will not authorize the ex-
penditure Of funds for this purpose, he
said, although Public Works Admins
traitor Harold L. Ickes has made
100000 additional available for the
pile driving.
The contractors are the BIZ Con-
tracing Co. Of New York City and
the Charles H. Tompkins Co. Of this
city.
Meanwhile, the work on the swim
ming pools is practically at a stand
still. Whether the contractors will
go ahead and finish the job without
the safety factor of piles as under
pinning remains to be determined.
Evening star., 1936-06-07

Philodemic Society, Leo F. Ourley Of
Boston, Mass.
The Hamilton Philodemic Medal for
the best extemporaneous debate,
Thomas B. Finan, jr., Of Cumberland,
Nd.
OratoricaI Award Given.
The Garvan Oratorical Medal for
the best original Grafton, Newton A.
Free of New Rochelle, N. Y.
The American Institute of Chemists
Medal for the highest average in
chemistry, Bernard ]. Entner Of
Newark, N. J.
The Bellarmine Scholarship, provid-
ing four years free tuition in the
Georgetown Law School for the best
examination and essay on the Life,
Thought and Times of st. Robert
Bellarmine and the general history Of
Political Ideas" William J. Shaugh-
messy of Washington.
In the School Of Law, Dean George
e. Hamilton made the following
awards:
Graduate School:
The Chetwood Medal for excellency
in graduate study, William John Wal
lace of Roxbury, Mass; honorable
mention, Neil Given Ferguson Of Aus
tralia.
Cash Prize Is Listed.
Forty-dollar faculty prize for best
thesis in graduate course, Godfrey
Rees Fowler of Oakland, Calf; hon.
orable mention, Herbert o. Eby Of
Washington and James Phillip Lynch
Of Mobile, Ala.
Undergraduate School:
Rev. Francis E. Lucey Medal for
the senior attaining the highest gen.
eral average during his entire course,
Charles Vincent Shannon Of Mobile,
Ala; honorable mention, John Will
liam Ahern of Texarkana, Ark.
Dean Hamilton prize Of $50 for the
best paper in the course in legal
ethics, william Vincent O'Connor, jr.,
of Grand Forks, N. OAK; honorable
mention, John Kaier Leberman of
Mahanoy City, Pa, and Fergus VAL
anger of Washington, D. c.
Twenty dollar faculty prize for the
best debate in finals, William Joseph
Schall of Omaha, Nebr.; $40 prize each
for winners of preliminary debates,
Jerome Joseph Downey of Washing
ton, James Patrick Bradley Of Ware,
Pa; William Joseph Schall Of Omaha,
Nebr., and Roger Anthony Fortuna
of Ilion, N. Y.
Forty-dollar faculty prize for the
highest average of the year in the
senior morning class, John William
Ahern of Texarkana, Ark; $40 prize
for next highest average, Benjamin
Holstein of Milwaukee, Wis.
Highest Average Rewarded.
Forty dollar faculty prize for the
highest average of the year in the
senior afternoon class, Charles Vim
cent Shannon of Mobile, Ala; $40
prize for next highest, Leonard An
drew Thomas of San Anselmo, Calf.
The Prof. Hugh j. Fegan Prize for
the best work in English legal his
tory, Herbert Oscar Eby of Washing
ton.
In the School Of Medicine Dean
David v. McCauley, s. j., made the fol-
lowing awards:
The Baker Memorial Medal for the
highest grades in anatomy, Joseph F.
Corless of West New York, N. ].
The Kober Medal for the highest
average in the course in hygiene, Vito
F. Cangemi of Summit, N. j.
The Hird Prize of $35 for the high
est grades in biochemistry, Sol Katz Of
Perth Amboy, N. j.
The Holm Prize of $25 for second
highest grade in biochemistry, Abe S.
Goldstein of Brooklyn, N. Y. Staff prize
of SIS for third highest grade in bio
Evening star., 1936-06-07

Mrs. Mitchell, representative OF
Holmes g Edwords, will be here
for this week to tolk on Correct
Service.
Evening star., 1936-01-02
THREE ARE NOMINATED
TO WORLD COURT SEATS
DR.. Manley o. Hudson and Henry
L. stimson Among Those
Named for Vacancies.

BY the Associated Press.
GENEVA, January a. National
groups of the Netherlands, Estonia
and Cuba today nominated DR.. Man.
ley o. Hudson Of the Harvard Uni
versity School of Law for the va
cancy on the World Court created by
Evening star., 1936-01-02
Twins to Make Bows
This Afternoon

Twin sisters will be presented TO
Washington society this afternoon.
when DR.. and Mrs. Edward b. Meigs
will entertain at reception from to
7 o'clock in their home on M street to
introduce their daughters, Miss Saran
Meigs and Miss Mary Meigs. The sis
tiers made their debut in Philadelphia
at a reception given earlier in the
season.
Assisting the debutantes will be Miss
Constance Marlatt, Miss Eleanor Flood,
Senorita Amelita Alfaro, Miss Eleanor
Sayre, Miss Julia SEE, daughter of the
Ambassador of China and Nine. SEE;
Miss Katharine Meyer, Miss Margaret
Matheson, Miss Juliette Dulany. Miss
Miriam Scott, Miss Angelica Lloyd and
Miss Mary Wells.
A group of Mrs. Meigs' friends wall
alternate at the tea table.
Miss Sarah Meigs will wear q dress
of apple green MORE. fashioned on
Evening star., 1936-01-02
State Officers P. E. 0.
Hold dAtHOmeSunday

One of the outstanding social events
of the p. e. o. year will be held Sum-
day when the State officers will be "at
home" to all local members, unaffii-
ated and visiting p. E. O.s in Wash
ington at the home of Mrs. Harry l..
Underwood, at $500 Ontario road
northwest, from to Z o'clock.
The State officers receiving will be
Miss Laura Hanson. president; Mrs.
Kenneth Jacob, first vice president;
DR.. Ella r. Fales, second vice presi-
dent; Mrs. w. o. Reed, organizer;
Mrs. Robert Ferguson, recording Sec
retary; Mrs. E. G. Higbie. correspond
ing secretary, and Mrs. Harry Under
wood, treasurer. They will be assisted
by the presidents of the local chap
ters. including Mrs. G. F. Bixby, Mrs.
E. E. Stockberger, Mrs. Florence Cole.
Mrs. C. v. Burnside, Mrs. Harry B.
Pitts, Mrs. Sidney Forbes. Mrs. Johns
ton B. Campbell, Mrs, Donald L. Max
son, Mrs. Floyd Reynolds, Mrs. Alan
c. Maxwell and Mrs. Leo H. Paulger.
Others assisting will be Mrs. Worthy
P. Sterns, Mrs. Efie Williams, Miss
Evening star., 1936-01-02
SOF 41 T|LTS WON
BY GAMES WIZARD.
Chess and Checker Contest
Is Event at Y. NJ. c. A.
Open House.

Emerging from comparative retire
ment in a belated celebration OF bis
recent 80th birthday anniversary, w.
3. Mundelle. veteran chess and cheek
er wizard" played 80 games Of check
ers and IL games of chess simulta-
neously yesterday at the Central Y.
M. C. A. and won 36 of them.
More than 5000 Y. M. c. A. mem
bers and friends, attending the new
year "open- house" celebration at the
Central Y. M. c. A., saw the unusual
contest, which lasted more than three
hours. Mundelle moved rapidly from
board to board, with his opponents
grouped around him in a square.
Prizes were awarded Mrs. Else
Schwartzkopf, who was first of four
players to beat Mundelle at chess, and
to Richard Marsh, only winner at
checkers.
Miss Ann Barr, 16, of George WASH
ington High School, Alexandria, Va,
who is State high school spelling
champion of Virginia. won the Dis
trict of Columbia inter high school
spelling championship at a "bee" in
the Y. M C. A. auditorium, under
auspices of Southeastern University.
Tertiary" Proves Decisive.
Miss Barr showed a Marylander.
Nancy Kelley, into second place by
spelling tertiary" word which had
stumped Miss Kelley, a senior at the
MONTGOMERY Blair High School, Silver
Spring, Md. Jacob Seidenberg of East
ern High School won third place. Miss
Barr was presented with an un-
abridged dictionary, while Miss Kelley
and Seidenberg were awarded abridged
dictionaries.
There were 81 contestants from
senior and junior high schools-public
and private-in Washington and vi
cinity. Judges were DR.. James A. Bell,
president of Southeastern, and ProfS.
Arthur L. Maiden Thomas J. Frailey
and Stuart Cuthbertson of the uni
versity faculty.
Another feature Of the "Y" fes-
tivities was concert Of classical
selections by 5-year-old Preble Earle
Donoho, local musical prodigy, who
had appeared at Radio City He played
difficult compositions by Chopin and
other noted composers with apparent
ease.
Play Is Presented.
Other musical attractions were
songs by the Y. NJ C. A. Glee Club
AMI solos by Robert Frederick Freund,
Anne Evans and Justin Lawrie.
The Y. M. C. A. Dramatic Club
presented a play, Dust of the Road"
an there was free sound movie
show
Athletic events included the annual
"Y" two-mile run, indoor base ball,
volley ball. basket ball, tennis, hand
ball ant squash. In the mems pool
there we're diving, speed swimming,
water polo and life-saving exhibitions.
The Boys Department also staged
lively round of club games and sports
contests.
The celebration ended with a home
coming party and dance sponsored
by the Y. M. G. A. Dormitory Council.
Evening star., 1936-01-02
Mr.. and Mrs. Bennett
Observe Anniversary

Nearly 1000 guests attended the
reception given yesterday by Mr.. and
Mrs. John S. Bennett in the large
board rooms of the Children's Emer-
gency Home. ga Indiana avenue
northwest. a unit of the Central
Union Mission. Although New
Year reception is an annual custom,
the event this year was Of particular
significance as it marked the twenty
fifth wedding anniversary of Supt.
and Mrs. Bennett and the cloring of
Evening star., 1936-01-02

bouffant lines, with fitted bodice and
a tiny shoulder cape. Her sister will
wear q gown Of pale blue taffeta, also
fashioned on bouffant lines, with q
fitted jacket Of deep blue velvet. Their
mother will wear gown of black crepe
shot with gold threads.
Evening star., 1936-01-02
GROCER NORRIS FINED

LINCOLN, Nebr., January 2 P.-
Grocer George w. Norris, who in 1880
attempted to oppose Senator George
w. Norris in his campaign for re-
election, today was sentenced to three
months in Jail and fined 500 for
perjury in connection with his testi-
mony before a Senate investigating
committee.
Evening star., 1936-01-02
Plans Arctic Study.

In Russia the government Is pre-
pairing for new voyage next year
along the lines of Nansen's Fran,
sending . sturdy wooden vessel into
the ice which no ice breaker can break,
and from which Prof. Wiese will make
observations of the deep Arctic.
Evening star., 1936-01-02

Jessie Elting.. Mrs. Helen L. Bentley
and Miss Julia Macmillan.
All p. E. O.s are cordially invited
to attend this function
Evening star., 1936-01-02

American co-author Of the Kellogg.
BRAND peace pact.
The Netherlands group, however,
also nominated former Secretary OF
State Henry L. Stimson OF the United
States and AXE Hammarskjold Of
Sweden. now registrar of the court.
Two vacancies exist, the other be-
cause Of the death Of o German
jurist. The League Of Nations, how
ever. understands Germany may not
nominate countryman.
Evening star., 1936-01-02

their twentieth year Of service at the
mission.
In the receiving line with MIR. and
Mrs. Bennett were three guests whose
friendship began 20 years ago when
they arrived in Washington, Mr..
Homer Rodeheayer. internationally
known evangelist and singer; Mrs.
william Ramsey, president Of the
Women's Guild of the Mission, and
Mrs. e. H. De Groot. jr., president of
the Board Of Directors Of the Central
Union Mission.
Evening star., 1936-01-02

Tourist Hotels.
Japan is to have a chain Of tourist
hotels.
Evening star., 1936-06-04
DECLINE RECORDED
BYBROKERS' LOANS.
Collateral Borrowings Drop
$93,952,897 Under Mark
at End of April.
BY the Associated Press.

NEW YORK, June 4.-The New
York Stock Exchange reported mem
bers' collateral borrowings at the close
of business May 81 amounted to $685.
997 ,839, a decrease of $685., ,897
compared with the April total of ST.
O63 ,950,736.
Total face amount of Government
securities pledged as collateral for bor-
rowings included in the above on May
81 was SAC, 1866, 400, against $68, 1928, 700
on April 80.
The low point for brokers' loans
since the Exchange started publishing
these figures was reached July 81, 1882,
when they amounted to $241, 500, ,943,
compared with the record high Of
$8,549, ,383,979 on September 80, 1929.
Total borrowings against collateral
by members of the Stock Exchange
on June / were 1.94 per cent of market
value of all shares listed, compared
with 2.23 per cent on May l, a de-
crease of 0.29 per cent.
The average market value Of all
shares listed on June / was $37.35,
compared with s3574 on May l and
S26.50 on June /, 1885.
On June /, 1886, there were 1,191
stock issues aggregahng 1885. TAO. .698
shares with a total market value of
$49. 1898, ,732,557. This compared with
1,193 stock issues aggregating 1885,
686, 400 shares on May with total
market value of 7,774, ,402 ,524.
Evening star., 1936-06-04
MONEY MARKET.

NEW YORK. June 4 .1P.-calI money
steady, j per cent all day. Prime COM
mercial paper. 2. per cent. Time loans
steady, so days-6 months, 1A per cent
&ediscount rate. n. Y. Reserve Bank. ia
per cent.
Evening star., 1936-06-04

Fy the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, June A mixture
of gains and losses, with the latter
most numerous, was the pattern OF
the bond market today.
A drop of about II points on small
volume by Schulco "A" stamped 6 Us
provided the most vigorous move in
the list. Other domestic corporate
bonds clung to fractional trading
ranges.
The break in the Schulco issue re-
suited when Schultz Retail Stores
Corp, of which Schulco is an indi-
rect subsidiary, filed reorganization
petitions in the Federal Court.
United States Governments worked
lower on moderate volume, with losses
to 5/32
Foreign bonds also displayed some
weakness, particularly the French
and Polish government issues.