davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1936-01-19

Included in the above figures for
both polls are Democratic voters in
1882. Republican voters in 1882 and
non- voters in 1892. Among those who
voted for Roosevelt in 1882, the pres
ent survey shows, fraction more
than so per cent now want to see him
reelected. He has lost 26.4 per cent
of his 1882 following and 1874 per cent
have gone over to the waverers.
The failure of the President to reg
lister as high percentage of votes for
his reelection as were registered for
the New Deal he created is accounted
for in part by this fact: More 1882
Hoover voters favor the New Deal
than favor the reelection of its spon-
sor. Partly, too, it may reflect shift
in public opinion during the past
month.
These were the two questions our
Evening star., 1936-01-19

arise In reference to all other nations
with which we have treaties, with the
exception Of the recent ones that
Rave a special reservation about war
materials. All of which shows that
neutrality revision Is more compile
Gated than some of our citizens sus.
pect and that it cannot be considered
by itself, but rather in connection with
other domestic and international laws
and policies.
Evening star., 1936-01-19
BY GASTON NERVAL.
TINE first Labor Conference of
the American States Members
/ of the International Labor

! TINE first Labor Conference of
the American States Members
of the International Labor
Organization has just closed
its sessions at Santiago, Chile. 1t
was fitting that the capital of the
| southernmost Latin American republic
be selected as the site for this contin-
entail congress. for Chile has today one
of the most complete bodies of labor
laws, and from many corners of the
world. experts on social legislation
have recently been going to Chile to
study their apparent success.
| Because of the differences in eco
nomic conditions and labor standards
in various countries, and because
competition between employers in the
world market furnishes an incentive
to lower labor costs by decreasing
wages, lengthening hours and impos-
ing unfavorable labor conditions, the
problem of raising the general level
of international labor standards has
been the concern of all progressive
! governments since the turn of the
ce ltury
Although the pioneering efforts of
Owen and Legrande as early as 1918,
at the Congress Of AiX-la Chapelle.
and those of the Swiss Government
in 1876 and 1880 and of the German
Government in 1890 should not be
overlooked, the first international
treaties on labor matters were con-
cluded in 1905 and 1906 at Bern. BY
the end of the World War the move
ment had grown to such an extent
that the Peace Conference of 1919
decided to establish a special Inter-
national Labor Organization at Ge-
neva, independent of, though related
in certain ways to, the League Of Ma
tions.
Aims of I. L. o.
The constitution of the I. l.. o. is
founded upon the principle of social
justice and recognizes as its aims:
1.-The regulation of hours of work, in
cluding the establishment of a maxi
mum day and week. the regulation of
the labor supply. the prevention of
lIlcIIlplOyICIlV, tLC pLOtlolOIl VI OH
adequate living wage, the protection
of the worker against sickness, disease
and injury arising out Of his employ
ment, the protection of children,
young persons and women, provision
for old age. protection of the inter-
ests of workers when employed in
countries other than their own, recog-
milton of the principle of freedom
of association" etc.
The members Of the International
Labor Organization include the orig
inal members of the League of Ma
tions and those who have joined since.
With very few exceptions, nearly all
the countries Of the Western Hem
isphere belong to the !. L. O., including
non-League members, such as the
United States and Brazil, and that
is one reason why labor leaders
throughout the Continent await with
Evening star., 1936-01-19

interviewers took to the voters of the
Nation:
Would you like to see President
Roosevelt reelected in 1862
For whom did you vote in 1892
Working independently in all Sec
tions of the country, they learned and
recorded the sentiment of a cross
section of the Nation. Miners, mer-
chants and mechanics, farmers and
fishermen, people in all walks of life,
rich and poor alike, all were asked.
Evening star., 1936-01-19

enough available combat
pilots in the Army Air Corps
- to keep an air force in &C
ton more than a month and that the
Air Reserve must be regarded as part
of the Nations first line Of defense
in the air, the Air Reserve Association
OF the United States is calling upon
Congress to build up this portion OF
the country's defense bulwark.
Warning has been sounded that the
Nation will find itself woefully un-
ready for emergency if it continues to
place unjustified reliance in an un-
trained Reserve or in the hope that
commercial and private aviators can
be turned overnight into battle flyers.
Should the United States become
involved in war with major world
power tomorrow, officials of the Re-
serve Association say, it is safe to
assume that our Regular Air Corps
would be unable to place more than
500 men in the air as pilots OF combat
planes"
At the beginning Of the present
fiscal year there were only 442 pilots
Of the Regular Air Corps assigned to
duty as pilots of combat squadrons
located in the continental United
States, according to figures compiled
by the association. The remainder of
Air Corps pilots were assigned to in
dispensible duties other than those as
pilots of combat sQuadrons.
Airmail Emergency Cited.
The results of this situation, it Vas
pointed out, were wildly illustrated
when the domestic airmail emergency
arose in the Winter and Spring of
1884 and the Army Air Corps was
called upon to fly the mail. So acute
was the shortage of available Regular
officers that it became necessary to
call upon the Reserve for 1873 pilots.
It was necessary to press into service
more air Reservists than all the pilots
OF all grades Of the Regular Air Corps
combined.
1T is recognized by air tacticians
that for continued intensive operations
pilots cannot be kept in the air for
more than three or four weeks before
having to be relieved for q period of
rest" officers of the association have
reported to Congress. Were not, there
fore, single pilot shot down, or dis
abled from inevitable crashes, after
the first month Of war, our Nation
would not have a plane in the air un-
less the Regulars be replaced by
trained Reserves"
Evening star., 1936-01-19
BY DIR, DANIEL STARCH,

Director Of Americas Leading Research
Organization.
" rankin D. ROOSEVELT is
- trailing his own New Deal in
popular favor.
a We asked a cross-section of
the voters of America whether they
wanted to see the President reelected
next November NO" said 47,9 per
cent; Yes" said 1856 per cent. Only
1875 per cent had not. made up their
minds.
These percentages compare with
the results Of similar poll of senti-
ment toward the New Deal, conducted
a month before, as follows:
Evening star., 1936-01-19

Without hesitation the answers came.
Opinions in most cases were definite.
Evening star., 1936-01-19
BY MARK SULLIVAN.

nu following figures; they are
wv the ages Of six justices of
4 ! the Supreme Couit-the six
who decided Triple A to be uncon-
stitutional. On second thought, we
may as well look at the ages of all
nine Of the justices, for all nine
united in the unanimous decision
which last May declared another New
Deal mechanism, NJ r. A., to be un-
constitutional. And all nine united
in the unanimous decision that Pres
dent Roosevelt's removal of a member
OF the Federal Trade Commission was
Evening star., 1936-01-19
RY JOSEPH s. EDGERTON.

\ ECLARING that there are not
\ enough available combat
pilots in the Army Air Corps
tn keen an air force in &C.
Evening star., 1936-01-19
Railroads Facing
Future Unafraid

Continued From First Page)
Evening star., 1936-01-19

termination were served now (aS it
could be- the treaty would not actually
go out Of effect until one year hence.
Large Scale Action Seen.
It might well be argued that fragrant
violations Of treaty give the other
nation the right t. immediate termi-
nation. II we care to use this princi-
pie and at the same time be con-
sistent and refrain from dangerous
discrimination, we shall have to en-
bark on treaty denunciation on a
large scale. As the voluminous rec
ords show clearly, many leading ma
tions can be charged with fragrant
violations Of their treaties with us,
involving trade determinations, ex-
tension Of the contraband list and
Gin q number of cases) the KELLOGG
pact. Even Great Britain, France
and Japan would not be exempt under
one or more Of these headings. Uni
lateral treaty denunciation (even for
good cause) Is q dangerous weapon:
IN sweeping away the bad clauses we
may destroy other clauses Of great
value to us. In view of Mr.. Hulls
stand, 1t would seem much better to
terminate undesirable parts Of exist
ing treaties by the orderly legal
processes provided within the treaties
or by mutual agreement through ne
gotiations. It will not be difacult to
modify or terminate conflicting treaty
provisions, but If we are consistent
this cannot be done Immediately and
solely through the fiat of the United
States.
While the observations here made
concern more particularly italy, the
same theories and the same problems
Evening star., 1936-01-19

partles OF its intention to terminate
the treaty at that time. No such
notincation has yet been given, Even
II 1t were given the treaty would re-
main In effect for another IL months.
Inc actions of our State Department
indicate clearly that the executive
branch OF our Government considers
the commercial treaty still in effect
today.
Changed Attitude Seen.
That our Government fully appre-
ciates the difficulties raised by such
general provisions prohibiting restric-
tions on exports is evidenced BY its
actions In recent years in inserting
special provisions In new treaties max
ing an exception tn reference to war
materials. The latest example of this
- the trade agreement between the
United States and Canada that has
just come into effect. In Article IL
Of that agreement, 1t is stated that
nothing In this agreement shall be
construed !. to prevent the adop.
ton Of such measures as either gov.
ernment may see fit with respect to
the control Of the export or sale for
export Of arms. ammunition, or i'm
plements Of war, and, in exceptional
circumstances. all other military sup
plies"
Section is OF the administration
neutrality bill similarly recognizes the
difnculty by providing that in case Of
coni1ict with existing treaties, the
President may negotiate with the for
eign country for the necessary modi-
1ications. Naturally. this will take
time and 1t Is bilateral action, not
dependent solely on the will Of the
United States.
Evening star., 1936-01-19

Before pointing out the bearing
which the ages of these justices has
in the coming presidential election
and therefore on the future of the
United States, we might as well give
the answer to complaint, an epithet,
frequent in New Deal and radical cir
cles for some time past. The phrase
of the radicals, uttered not with re-
spect, but with jeering. is nine old
men," sometimes amplified to mine
old men in black gowns" The as
sertion Of the radicals is that these
nine men have too much power. that
they are an impediment to popular
government. The additional implica-
ton is that there is something wrong
in the mere age Of the justices.
Appointment Ages High.
To this the answer is that man
must be we'll through or past middle
life before he has attained the expert
ence and standing to qualify him for
appointment to the Supreme Court.
1t will be a contribution to sound
thinking, therefore. to examine the
ages of these justices at the time
they were appointed to the Court.
The ages we're:
Charles E. Hughes first appoint
Evening star., 1936-01-19

Continued or Eighth Page.
Evening star., 1936-01-19
NEUTRALITY BILL RAISES
CONFLICTS WITH TREATIES
Section Is Provides President May
Negotiate for Modification, but
Barriers to Plan Appear.
nv THOMAS II. HEALY, PH.D.,

Dean and Professor Of International Law
Georgetown University School OF
FOREIGN Service.
Nogales international., 1936-03-07
100 CHILDREN AT
TUCSON HOSPITAL

TUCSON, March CUP) - Near
ly 100 children are receiving school,
ing and health aid at one of Ari-
zona's most unusual institutions, a
tubercular preventoruim near Tue
son.
Among those enrolled are many
children of war veterans. The pre-
ventoirium is a former Civilian
Conservation Corps camp in the
Tucson mountains, where a giant
cactus forest and other scenic eff
fects form a setting Of unusual
beauty
Children are furnished occasion
al musical entertainment by the
Old Pueblo orchestra, a group OF
musicians formerly on relief whose
orchestra has been adopted by
the Works Progress Administration
WPA funds assist in support of the
school.
Equipped with electric lights and
piped water, the camp is complete
ly modern.
Nogales international., 1936-03-07
.TALMADGE LOSES
TO ROOSEVELT

DONALDSONVILLE, Ca, Mar 6.
CUP) - President Roosevelt won a
smashing five to one victory over
his bitterest Democratic critic, Gov.
Eugene Talmadge, in the nations
first presidential preferential pri-
mary in a Southwestern Georgia
county Wednesday.
In a surprise ballot, Seminole
county voters cast 661 votes for
President Roosevelt to 100 for Tai
madge.
Reputation of Talmadge, who
carries the endorsement of a south
ern grass root convention" for the
presidency. came in a section where
in previous years he has drawn his
major strength.
In the 1884 gubernatorial race
Talmadge polled 852 votes in the
county to an aggregate of 216 fol
two opponents.
The primary was declared by the
Seminole county Democratic eXecu-
tive committee after the Talmadge-
controlled Democratic executive
committee had refused to declare
a statewide preferential primary tt
define the direction in which Geor.
gia's support would go.
Nogales international., 1936-03-07
WILL TRY TO
SETTLE STRIKE

MEXICO CITY, March 6 (By
Trens Agency - Following instruc-'
tions from President General La
zaro Cardenas, the head of the La
Dor Department Genaro v. Vas
quez has instructed Jose Cantu Es-
trada Secretary General of the said
Department to proceed to Cananea,
Sonora, within a few days for the
purpose Of endeavoring to find a
solution of the strike of the workers
of the Cananea Copper Company.
In view of the fact that serious
economic difficulties are being ex-
perienced in the region which is en-
tirely dependent on. the activities
of the mines, it is hoped that a
settlement of this conflict, which
has n w lasted several weeks. will
b. TO 'thcoming as result OF the
direct intervention Of Cantu EStra-
da, who i we'll known as an expert
in labor matters.
Nogales international., 1936-03-07
MAN WHO SAVED AMERICAS
BEING DENOUNCED, REVILED

tomless war-chest disclosed the fact
that more than 10 per cent of con-
tributions to the American Liberty
League came from the DUPONT fam
lily and their allies. They can well
afford to give because, thanks to
the Roosevelt recovery policies, they
are earning more money than at
any time in history. 1t is like this:
"The Roosevelt Administration en-
acted the AAA to give the farmers
decent income for their products.
The farmers paid off their debts
and bought automobiles and other
DUPONT products. The duPontS got
their pockets filled and then they
formed the American Liberty Lea
que. The League poured out money
like water to prove that AAA was
destroying America and raising food
prices to the consumers. So the far
mer's money was used to destroy
his own prosperity. That is really
going round and round.
1.-The members of this League, who
are making more money than any
other group in the United States,
complain that Mr.. Roosevelt is de-
stroying their liberties. They are
ungrateful and they want the people
(Turn to Page Eight)
Nogales international., 1936-03-07
PAYING MORE
STATE WARRANTS

Nit Simms, State Treasurer. yes
terday called all warrants registered
in December 1885, for payment
March 18th. The call is for $294,-
3O1.16, totaling $8,263, ,O11.98 in twel-
We calls in the past thirteen months.
Five thousand, seven hundred
warrants were registered in De-
cember. When they have been paid,
more than 10000 registered war
rants will have been honored in
the twelve calls since February 4,
1885.
Mr.. Simms said that thirteen
months ago the State was 249 days
behind on it's registered warrants
whereas the March 18th call will
put it seventy one days behind, a
gain of six months in period OF
thirteen months.
The March 18th warrant call is
the third in 1886, two calls having
been made in February
Nogales international., 1936-03-07
ROOM SHORTAGE
In DEATH HOUSE

FLORENCE, March 6 CUP) -
Arizona state prisons death house,
where condemned murdelerS are
kept until they expiate their Grim
es in the lethal gas chamber. faced
a severe m-shortage today.
Imposition by Maricopa super
ior court jury Of the death penalty
for David Benjamin Knight. 81
year-old former Oklahoma garage
mechanic, for the alleged murder OF
]. c.. Kalb, Watsonville, Calf, Ia
borer. caused the death houses po-
pulation to overflow into the re-
gular cell blocks.
The death house, built to accom-
modate but four men, already holds
that number They are Roland Co
chrane. 27, and Frank Rascon, 70,
condemned in Maricopa county;
Jack Sullivan, %, sentenced to death
in Cochise county, and Frank Quar-
te. 90. from Pinal county. Each has
sought supreme court reversal OF
his death sentence, as Knight was
expected to do. The high court ruled
against Sullivan March 2.
Knight, Warden A. G.. walker
said, will be confined in one Of the
regular cells until there is room for
him in the death house.
Nogales international., 1936-03-07

PHOENIX, March 6 UP)-Ari-
zonans visiting the next state fair
will find an almost completely re-
novated grounds, resulting from ex-
penditure of approximately $780,
900 on new buildings and improve
ments, a survey of construction
showed
While largest expense items will
be general exhibit buildings, recon-
struction of the race track, and
grandstand provided interest to
followers of the sport of kings.
Construction of the grandstand
to seat 10000 persons, has progress
sed rapidly. with 600 men at work
in day and night shifts during pour
inc of concrete for the forms. To-
tai cost of the stands will be $780,
600. of which Works Progress funds
have provided 100000. Labor's share
was reported at 100000.
The race track and supplementary
equipment are modled on the Santa
Anita track plan, it was said.
When finished, sportsmen expect
ed the track may become a Mecca
for winter turf followers. In addi-
tion to track improvements, and
the stands. $116,488 of WPA funds
has been allotted for horse barns and
paddocks. Barns now under con-
struction are of adobe and concrete
Legalization of pari-mutual bett-
ing. long banned with all other
forms of gambling, paved the way
for the track improvements, it was
said. =.
Upon completion, the State Fair
grounds will compare with the 5es'
plants in the country, plans indi-
Gated. The grandstand will be long
er than the Santa Anita stand, and
of lees depth. but will have ap-
proximately two-thirdS the Santa
Nogales international., 1936-03-07
STONE TOWERS
BUILT In 1888

PHOENIX, Mar (UP) - Stone
towers along the Arizona-New Mex
leo boundary near the Navajo In
dian reservation, long mystery as
to origin and purpose, have been
revealed as defensive fortresses of
the Navajo nation, constructed
about 1888 for protection against
Apache raids.
The information came from an
Indian works bulletin containing a
translation of an old Spanish re-
port to Don Jacobo Ugarte y Loyola
at Chihuahua, dated Nov. II, 1888
The translation was made as part
of the New Mexico federal writer's
project.
Nogales international., 1936-03-07
TAX COMMISSION
ALLOWS REQUEST
OF LOCAL BOARD

State Tax Commissioners Frank
Luke and D. c. O'Neil and Clar-
ence Standage, chief clerk of the
tax commission, were here Tues
day from Phoenix and allowed the
emergency levy asked for by the
county to pay for the new oil fur
mace recently installed at the court
house.
The commissioners we're accom-
panied by their wives and by DR.
Russell of Chicago, guest of Mr.
O'Neil.
Commissioner Luke, who, by the
way is the father of the late Frank
Luke, Jr.. famous ballobn buster
in the World War, said that the
state this year will take in between
four and five million dollars from
luxury, liquor, sales, and income
tax. if funds continue to come in
as they did in January and Feb
ruary. : 3
Nogales international., 1936-03-07
10 Million Voters
Approve 83% Of
All PWA Projects

A more authentic expression of
public opinion on recovery measures
of the Roosevelt Administration
than can be deduced from some of
the nationwide straw votes is
revealed in a survey of the ten mil
lion ballot referendum of regularly
registered voters on their desire to
contribute from local funds for P.
w. A. non-Federal projects.
Eighty-three percent of all such
proposals submitted at the polls re-
ceived direct approval of local tax
payers by a margin of more than
two to one in 2,166 elections. In the
AT elections where local contribu-
tions were defeated, there were A.
100000 votes cast and the negative
majority was only $4,000. In many
instances where local contributions
we're defeated, majority of the
votes we're affirmative but the cleo
tions were lost because of State laws
d11O COA1oUAUUU4OAAO4 OAONAOAOAAO ACAOAA
approval by more than a majority
usually by two-thirds.
Voters approved proposals for
PWA permanent improvements re-
quiring local contributions of $213,
621, 900. which approXimated four
times the projects defeated, $54,-
1856 900. More than 1000 secondary
schools are included, also college
and university buildings, libraries
city halls and other types of muni-
cipal structures, SGT water systems
370 sewer systems and 234 street
and highway construction programs
Ftfty-five per cent of the cost ir
each instance was voted from loca;
funds, to match As per cent from
the Federal government.
Nogales international., 1936-03-07

"The astonishing thing about pre-
sent day conditions is not so much
what President Roosevelt has ac-
complished, because the people have
faith in him and they know what
he can do" said Chairman James A.
Farley in his address to the Kan
sas Democratic Club at Topeka.
1.-THE astonishing and depressing
thing is that the man who saved
America is being criticized and de-
nounced, reviled and condemned, by
certain noisy elements as though he
were a common enemy of his coun-
try. The financial and industrial
overlords who three years ago were
signing for a dictator are now cry
ing aloud that President Roosevelt
is trying to take away your 11ber-
ties.
"This campaign of distortion is
so intense, bitter and biased that
many honest and upright Ameri-
cans are confused and bewildered.
They wonder why such a campaign
is being leveled at the President
when their own common sense tells
them he has been laboring night
and day to preserve and protect
their rights and interests. They want
an answer to these attacks.
LET us find the answer together
Let us reflect not so much on what
is said but who says it. First let us
take the miScalled American Liberty
League, an organization of multi
millionaires which is run as a sub
sidiary of the Republican National
Committee. Their leaders are in
constant heavy conference in Wash
ington figuring out way to destroy
President Roosevelt's influence with
the people A brilliant editorial
writer said it ought to be called the
American Cellophane League and
he gave two good reasons. He said
first. it's a DUPONT product and
second, you can see right through it
A recent examination of its bot
Nogales international., 1936-03-07
Million And Half Being Spent
AT Arizona State Fair Ground:

Anita capacity.
Fair commission representative
reported proposals already were un-
der discussion for sponsoring race
meet late in January, 1887, in con-
junction with an elaborate fair
program.
Additionally, auto racing may be
held in the fall. The auto race track
is being oiled and rebuilt to AAA
specifications.
Sixteen one-story exhibit build
ings will be constructed as part of
the improvements, to be supplement-
ed by 100000 landscaping project.
Cost of the buildings was set at
81 100000.
An adobe wall will enclose the
grounds.