davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1936-01-07

equilibrium of the earths crust. The
cruStal material will sag under the added
load. Then the areas from which the
sediments are derived become lighter and
therefore there is a tendency for them
to rise by the intrusion into crustal space
of subcrustal material. The balance is
maintained to a rather high degree of
perfection, as is indicated by gravity and
other geodetic data which have been
accumulated over many parts of the
earth's surface.
"All mountains and plateauS occupy
areas that were once below sea level and
were receiving large quantities of sedi-
mentary matter. There must. therefore
be relation between sediments and the
formation of mountains and plateaus
Is it not possible that erosion and Sedi-
mentation are the principle factors in the
changing elevations of the earthS sur
face?
If the temperature increases with
depth, as the crustal material is pushed
down by the weight of the sediment the
matter would fill spaces that are hotter
than those previously occupied. This
may cause an expansion of the crustal
matter and perhaps a change of physical
state, thus creating a plateau or noun
tain range.
Areas that were once occupied by
mountains or plateaus are now below
sea level AS the crustal material rises
and as erosion lightens the crust matter
is brought into higher and colder regions
and eventually as it cools to the normal
temperature of its new position it con-
tracts and forms a depression or trough
into which new sediment will be de-
posted. There is evidence that mountain
areas have gone up and down more than
once and it is possible that the explana-
ton may be found in the effect on the
equilibrium of the crust of the loading
and unloaded resulting from erosion and
Sedimentation"
DR.. Bowie's theory is presented in the
current issue of the Scientific Monthly.
Evening star., 1936-01-07
Why Score President
For NOnconformity?
To the Editor of The star:

To the Editor of The Star:
In your editorial "The State Of the
Unon" you made the same remark sew
eral of our friends made as soon as we
turned of the radio at the conclusion
of the Presidents address. 1t was q
natural thing to do. No doubt thousands
of citizens throughout the land were
conscious Of voidness, Of something
they had been taught to find in a presi-
Dental message. They did not consider
the exigency of the occasion but were
looking for model formed by the read
ing of previous messages at the recon-
vening of Congress.
A President, in accordance with GUS
tom and the requirements of the Con-
stitution, reports to his countrymen on
the state of the Union. He conceives
an idea to speak to great number of
citizens at a time when the citizen is at
home. He utilizes modern invention to
reach that vast number. Immediately
a cry is raised by his opponents, who
condemn him before he has uttered O
word.
There are no recommendations for
new legislation! A President elect
comes on the scene in March, 1888, and
finds his country in chaos, largely be-
cause his predecessors spoke Of needed
legislation and submitted annual mes
sages similar to previous messages. OF
course, the farmers plight had been men,
toned, something had to be done about
banking, the stock market, the railroads,
crime. war, old-age pension, child labor,
business, etc. Yes, all Presidents spoke
about these things in their messages, but
little or nothing was done. This brought
our affairs to a condition threatening the
very life of our institutions. Along comes
F. D. r. and he has the courage to in
sist on doing something about matters
his predecessors had merely been prating
about. For doing these things the
President is being dragged to court.
ISAAC TEPPER.
Evening star., 1936-01-07
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL.

Winter care of tropical fishes in the
home aquarium Is much the same as the
care Of them at any time of the year.
Their requirements must be met, that
Is all. :.
Surely there is no point in calling
them, as some do, TOY fishes"
They are not toys, In any sense OF the
word, but fishes, and as much so, In their
way, as sharks.
We side with those who believe that
the use of TOY" in regard to the exotic
fishes now kept by the hundreds Of thou
sands in home qquaria tends to place
distinctly derogatory structure on the
hobby.
1t does more than that, however. Such
use helps make many keeper careless
of his charges, since they are, to him,
but toys II he feels that way.
Properly regarded as living creatures,
fishes as much as any, although vastly
smaller, aquarium inmates will receive
enough attention for their proper care,
in Winter as well as in Spring, in zero
weather as well as when the average
home is 80 degrees.
* y
Temperature, with tropical specimens,
is the main requirement at this season
Of the year.
Those persons who, through inexperi-
ence or mere Stubbornness, refuse to keep
their aquarium water at the necessary
temperature constantly, will find that
fish-keeping in Winter takes on some
thing of the proportions Of nightmare.
Think, then. what it must mean to the
fishes themselves If their forbears came
frOVT xItof fnrc NiF hal lnyr
The very latest theory in the tropical
fish hobby is that 10 degrees, constantly
maintained with other factors right. is
enough for practically all varieties likely
to be kept.
This enables the keeper to push the
temperature to 30 degrees, for breeding,
and in some treatments of diseases. with
IS degrees as the outside" or highest,
temperature.
This is quite different from the gen.
orally accepted minimum of "a degrees
commonly held by experts two years ago
as the proper minimum.
We wonder II the new '1oW" has not
been brought about by necessity since
the past two Winters were of exceptional
severity almost everywhere in this coun-
try.
Lie IOO, IL OlAC
judge from its beginning, with low of
degrees above zero the other day, bids
fair to be another hard season on tropical
fishes and their keepers.
1t may be that many persons. unable
to keep their tanks at IA degrees con-
stantly. have discovered that by paying
particular attention to other factors
most Of our favorites may be kept alive
and well at 10 degrees.
The main trouble with this last tenn
perature is that it affords very small
margin Of safety.
When one accepted the point of "A
to 78 degrees. allowing for a 4-degree
huctuation, as the standard of perfec-
ton. there still was 4-degree drop per-
mitted if something went wrong with the
heating arrangements.
Guppies kept for more than three years,
about as long as these little fellows can
be kept in captivity, were placed on
book case in front of windows.
These tanks were permitted fluctua-
ton Of degrees in "a hours. from high
Of 80 degrees at night to 70 degrees in
the morning.
Evening star., 1936-01-07
Pan.American Neutrality.

Amid the excitement and interest gen.
Grated by the domestic political i'm
plications of President Roosevelt's re-
cent message to Congress, relatively little
notice has been taken of his references
to neutrality as it is proposed to apply
that principle to the republics of the
Americas The Presidents language is
aptly described by Mr.. David Lawrence
in The Star as being of historic i'm
portance" What Mr.. Roosevelt did was
to proclaim that las consistent part OF
q clear policy, the United States is fol-
lowing twofold neutrality toward any
and all countries which engage in wars
not of immediate concern to the
Americas"
In plain terms this means primarily
that the United States program to
withhold shipments of arms. munitions
Evening star., 1936-01-07

and other essential supplies to belliger-
ents is not to apply to the nations OF
North, Central and South America,
should they find themselves embroiled in
conflicts with nations of Europe or Asia.
The Presidents action in excepting the
twenty sister republics of the Western
Hemisphere from the operations Of the
future neutrality program Of the United
States is notable extension Of the good
neighbor" policy toward our Latin
friends to the south. 1t indicates that
If any of them are engaged in foreign
war this country will not be shut of to
them as source of supply for required
sinews. There is, of course, in the as
sumption of this attitude by the Presi-
dent not only an expression Of fraternal
desire to aid fellow American state,
but also an earnest of the United
States purpose, in so far as conflict
with a non-American nation is con-
cerned. to do nothing that might abet
violation of the Monroe Doctrine by
enabling a European or Asiatic power
to secure foothold in the Western
Hemisphere.
Mr.. Roosevelt's proposal would specifi-
cally permit the United States to fur
nish possible aid to American republics
which become belligerents. They are
not to be placed at the mercy OF stronger
powers overseas, themselves adequately
equipped to supply arms and munitions
on any needed scale. Notice is thus
given to the world that the Colossus OF
the North" does not intend to leave the
American republics in the lurch in the
hour of need, no matter to what extent
the war material resources of the United
States are barred to nations outside OF
the American Continents.
The overwhelming bulk of the people
of this country, devoted to the twin prin-
ciples of Pan-American solidarity and
the Monroe Doctrine, is not likely to dis
approve the projected exception in the
neutrality program Congress is about
to lay down. Any other attitude would
be negation of our consistent protesta-
tions that the republics of the three
Americas are bound together by indis-
soluble ties Of common interest.
Evening star., 1936-01-07
The District Budget.

The District budget for the next fiscal
year, as transmitted by the Budget Bu-
reau yesterday, demonstrates once more
the urgent need for fairer basis of
fixing the respective obligations OF the
local community and the Federal Gov
ernment toward the upkeep of the Ma
tion's Capital.
The Commissioners had recommended
a total of S47,477,160 as representing the
essential requirements for next year, and
urged that the Federal share of this total
be placed at $S3l7 500, which would have
resulted in a balanced budget.
While the bureau made deep cuts in
bringing the Commissioners total down
to SAB 100000. even this sum means an
increase of $878,385 over current appro-
priations without any increase whatever
in the Federal share, which the bureau
again places at the current figure of
SIS, TOO 900. In other words, the bureau
again has followed the policy of revising
the Districts end of the account without
touching Uncle Sans side of the ledger.
Since the bureau, apparently, was un-
willing to 60 into the equities Of fiscal
relations. by changing the present Fed
eral payment, some reduction in the
Commissioners total was advisable to
save the local community from having
to bear an even more inequitable pro-
portion of the total. Whether all of the
cuts made were necessary is another
question, and one which can be gone into
at the congressional hearings.
For example the deletions made in
the highway estimates will leave prob
able balance of 100000 in the gas tax
fund next year, despite the fact that
that fund of local revenue cannot be
spent for any other purpose under ex-
listing law.
In view of the fact that even under
the current appropriation law the local
community is bearing at least eighty-five
per cent of the total, 1t is to be hoped
that Congress will consider the equities
Of the partnership between the District
and Federal governments when it is
passing on the funds for the National
Capital for the 1887 fiscal year. The
Federal payment of $S,3l7,500 urged by
the Commissioners was approved by the
Senate last year. 1t was regarded by the
Commissioners as fair, representing the
average of the various lumr-sum pay
ments which Congress has appropriated
since it departed from the 60-40 ratio
eleven years ago. In conference, how
ever, the Senate last year had to yield to
the House on a continuation of the pres
ent s5,7O00OO figure.
Evening star., 1936-01-07

notably, enthusiastic about it. They
merely accepted employment where they
could find 1t.
And now, after nearly three years, their
worst fears have been justified. The blow
they anticipated has fallen. Yet the
blame in the circumstances is not prop
erly attributable to them. Instead, it
should be and will be placed where it
belorgs-namely, with Mr.. Roosevelt and
the brain trust. They entered upon the
experiment somewhat too lightly. Law
yers among their friends in Congress
could have told them that the legisla-
ton they demanded and were granted
was unconstitutional. Indeed, such warn
ings were given. But "the starry-eyed
dreamers" preferred not to listen. Hence,
the dehacle.
The occasion, however, should not pass
without sober comprehension of the
human values involved. Traced down to
their elements, the policies of statesmen
inevitably affect people. That truth, it
would seem, ought to be sufficiently
obvious to suggest caution in the appli-
cation Of theories. The masses, not
merely the politicians, must suffer for
the administrations mistake. A few
thousands, including the discounted
A. A. A. employees. profited by the error
for while, but millions will pay for it.
The lesson of the experience should be
appreciated and taken to heart by all
who aspire to leadership in public
affairs.
Evening star., 1936-01-07
Squandered Energy.

When your luck amt goin' steady
An the road seems pretty steep
An you're toilin' though you're ready
To lay down an 60 to sleep;
When the shadows seem to thicken
Till you're worried most to death
There is some excuse for kickin'-
But you'd only waste your breath.
Your luck may look more cheerful
II you meet it with grin.
The pace that's slow an fearful
Amt the pace that's goin' to win.
An a song your step will quicken;
You kin interrupt the climb,
If you want to, with your kickin'-
But you'll only waste your time.
Evening star., 1936-01-07

II an attempt had been made to keep
them constantly at 70 degrees, there
would not have been much of a drop per-
mitted, although these fishes, of course,
can stand lower drop than most Of the
other species kept in small tanks.
If for no other reason than that too
small drop Is permitted at tempera-
ture Of 10 degrees, we still are Inclined to
advocate minimum of "a degrees.
If such a mark could be kept con-
stantly, as 1t may with high-class elec-
trio heater with good thermostat, it
would be quite enough. But since most
persons do not care to spend the money
necessary for such high-grade heater,
it is much easier to manage q high"
and low" as given above.
This differential in "a hours is not
harmful to fishes. Probably it is more
natural than steady, uniform tempera-
ture. In Nature, water differs in tenn
perature at different levels and the. heat
Of the midday sun naturally heats the
water and the cool of the night as
naturally cools 1t. although slowly.
y
Common sense plays it's good part In
Winter care of fishes.
1t is common sense to give them almost
as much water as tank will hold and
to keep the top covered with a sheet
of glass, both to prevent the fishes from
leaping out and to keep in the warmth
of their water.
1t must not be forgotten that aquarium
inmates are "in swimming" all the time,
that they cannot get out of the element
they are in, and that they cannot live
in it long unless it meets their require
mentS.
The long dark days of Winter often
reduce the appetite of home aquarium
fishes. 1t is well, then, to keep this in
mind and to put in less food at a time
than in the lighter days of Spring and
Summer. Do not fairly coat the surface
of their water with dry foods. Put in
just little, the much-talked-of pinch,
but very little pinch, much less of a
pinch than that used in hotter times.
+
Tanks ought not TO be permitted TO
go for weeks on end, in Winter, with
out the addition of some fresh water
properly tempered, no matter how clear
they seem, or how well the fishes seem
to Be doing.
AS much as one-fourth of the total
"dScl (OlAtCAlG Va ally dHOd4 US
changed at this season at least every two
weeks, provided proper care is taken to
do it correctly.
This will mean that one-fourth of the
old water should be Siphoned from the
bottom, with as much debris as can be
collected in the time.
Then a small amount Of water should
be taken from the cold spigot and mixed
with certain amount of warmer water
to bring the mixture to so degrees or So
Then this amount. say a quart or two
quarts, is placed on the gas burner of
the kitchen stove and slowly brought to
IA degrees, or whatever the temperature
of the remaining water in the aquarium
may be. A small floating thermometer
should be used for this work and no
guesswork permitted.
This amount of water is then slowly
poured onto sheet of paper fioated on
the aquarium water surface. The process
is repeated, each potful being properly
tested until the tank is filled to about
an inch from the top. The old method
of permitting the replacement water to
sit for day or so before use is not
necessary hereaboutS, if the above pre-
cautions are taken.
Evening star., 1936-01-07
Good Newspaper Deserves
Place i'm Public Schools

10 the Edltor OF Inc star.
was much impressed by the letter
written by Mr.. Joseph George in which
he commends the editorials in The Star.
especially approve his implied sugges-
tion that the newspaper be adopted as q
part Of the course of study in our public
schools. know of no better idea. In
these brief accounts there may be found
everything one desires in a newspaper;
news. comedy. tragedy, pathos-every-
thing is there if one will but look for it..
Any one who passes up such reading,
think. misses the highest form of the
writing art. We can all learn and profit
from perusal of these editorials, even
those who consider themselves so learned
that nothing more can sink in.
AS to the use of editorials for inStruc-
ton purposes, it might be Of interest to
know that in local night school there is
one teacher who has long realized the
value of such material for class use. This
woman daily clips out the editorials and
in the evening she dictates them to her
shorthand class in the business school,.
BY SO doing she fulfillS two-fold pur-
pose: she is keeping up with news events
and is inStructing her pupils. But she is
not the only one who profits. The STU
dents likewise are benefited. With work
during the day and study at night they
would not have time to read editorials,
but in the aforementioned manner they
not only study but gain in knowledge of
world events without any additional ex-
penditure of effort. The plan has much
to commend it and I can see no reason
for not being in favor of It,
1t is hODed the Board of Education
will take cognizance of these facts and
place such accredited journalistic writ
ings in the curriculum of our public
schools, and make them one of the es-
sentials of study. There is pressing
need in modern pedagogy for just such
an addition. j. DANTE AMBROSE.
Evening star., 1936-01-07
Friday Nights Political
Show on CapitOl Hill

10 Inc EDITOR OF Ihe SLhr:
The political show on Capitol Hill Fri
day night outraged the sense of propri-
ETY. of us, the common people, and filled
us with humiliating shame. The hood
lumlike reception Of the President could
not have happened in any other civil
lied country. The whole affair was
national eye-opener, which explains er-
ratio and unsound legislation and the
weak, emotional abrogation Of congress
sional powers. 1t also assays the admin
istration as ballyhoo, unsound and ur-
trustworthy from crown to toe, and
shows the President in demagogic light.
God save America! JAY GOULD.
Evening star., 1936-01-07
Not That Kind Of a Show.

This worlds a stage" said the ready
made philosopher.
'Mebbe so," replied Farmer Corntossel.
"But it amt any minstrel show. Busi-
ness amt arranged so that the middle
man always gets the joke put on him
while the men at both ends of the line
do the laughin'. Not yet"
Evening star., 1936-01-07
Danger in Liberality.

"A drop Of ink makes millions think. p"
remarked the ready-made philosopher.
YES" replied Senator Sorghum, "but
you want to limit your use of ink to drops.
AS soon as you go to spreading it around
in quarts they're liable to get too tired
to think"
Evening star., 1936-01-07
Shooting Stars.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
A Plea.

A Plea.
Oh, Mistoh Weather-man,
Can't you change your tune?
Can't you sing dat little song
You used to sing in June?
Sing about de hot wave
Comm FUN de South,
WIFI all de fish a-swimmin' fas,
To beat another drouth.
Oh, Mistoh Weather-man
What makes you talk so plain,
Prophesyin' ice AM snow
An mebbe mud an rain?
Be a little easy
On us mortals here below.
Speak a word of comfort,
Even if it isn't so.
Evening star., 1936-01-07
A Rhyme at Twilight
BY
Caught Mapping.
Gertrude Brooke Hamilton

Oaugnt mapping.
How long have I been night watchman
there?
Lord! since before my old mop went
gray.
And last night added a snowy hair
Yet as it turned out it raised my pay.
Nine o'clock I was making my round
I tell you it gave me a deadly shock
When at our presidents desk I found
Him slumped in his chair, still as
rock
1t looked like murder. All in heap.
His face on his desk. And then ] saw
That he wasn't dead, but just asleep.
took of my coat-weather was raw.
To cover him up. pillowed his head
On an auto cushion; eaSed his feet
BY loosening his shoes =. The hours sped.
I never saw his big jaw so sweet.
Twas day when he Strengthened up and
woke
He stared around him. why, Jim!'
He smiled.
st stayed after hours-what a good joke
"A sleep all night like tired child"
Evening star., 1936-01-07
ToMnsenditis.

From the Burlinston tIowa) Hawkeye Gazette.
Statesmen profess to be worried as to
how we are going to raise the money to
pay 5000 monthly to all over so years.
But they are more worried as to how
those who believe this desirable are
going to vote.
Evening star., 1936-01-07

When relative powers of the executive,
legislative and judicial branches of the
Government come into discussion, fears
arise that the old eternal triangle has
broken out Of the magazines and into
the Congressional Record.
Evening star., 1936-01-07

Many of the members of Congress
started as small-town politicians who ap-
plaud freely as a matter of courtesy
among orators, just as opposing attor-
neys may be seen shaking hands in a
lunch room during recess.
Evening star., 1936-01-07
Proof Not Needed.

From the Roanoke tva) Times.
The female of the specieS-deSpite
tradition-is stronger than the male, says
DR.. Edgar v. Allen, OF the Mayo Clinic
at Rochester, MINI. That's what most
of us thought. but we were too meek to
say anything about it.
Evening star., 1936-01-07

A good tract on farming discusses not
only crop producing but methods of
marketing to the greatest advantage.
Secretary of Agriculture Wallace may
have expected too much of the A. A. A.
as school for expert finance.
Evening star., 1936-01-07

Every good reporter looks for drama"
in his story. The effort often inspires
a wish for the old professional theater
where dramatic efforts were not at
tempted in an impromptu fashion, with
one eye on the wrist watch.
Evening star., 1936-01-07

Many lawsuits are threatened as the
result of the A. A. A. decision. Expert
ence with the law is likely to create an
impression that litigation is inevitable
and may be largely incidental.
Evening star., 1936-01-07

The Supreme Court of the u. S. A. has
its share of Harvard talent, but does not
necessarily make decision harmonic
completely in an alma mater enthusiasm.
Evening star., 1936-01-07
An Epixram From the Bench.

"Dat wasn't a bad epigram OF de
judges" said Plodding Pete.
What did he say?"
"Thoity days"
dat amt no epigram, is it?"
"Sure it is. asked fellow what an
epigram is; an he says It's short sen
tence dat sounds light, but gives you
considerable to think about"
Evening star., 1936-01-07
One Impossibility.

From the New York Times.
! DR.. Carrel thinks it is possible to post
spone death, but he knows better than to
raise our hopes about taxes,
Evening star., 1936-01-07

Lotteries are regarded with disap-
proval. but after studying the World
War Senator Nye is especially emphatic
in denouncing "the old army game"
Evening star., 1936-01-07
Insomnia and A. A. A.

From the Miami tF1a) Herald.
The fellow who counts sheep to WOO
sleep should be careful not to get sur
plus or he may be obliged to answer TO
Mr.. Wallace.