davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1936-09-11
LIARS

Ticonderoga, N. Y.-An annpsl
Glars contest" will be conducted
by the Champlain Valley Archeo-
logical Society of this village for
residents of Essex, Warren and
Washington counties.
This years contest is to be con-
Quoted in the grove on Thomas J.
Cooks farm, North Ticonderoga,
at a date to be announced in late
September.
The board of directors of the
Archaeological Society will act as
and a prize will be awarded
for the biggest and best lie
No women will be permitted to
enter.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1936-09-11
VS.. FASCISAf

Two concepts of government,
both relying upon force, are war
ring for control of the world. They
are Communism and Fasicsm. The
present civil wal in Spain is distin-
city a war between these two for
ces. When Spain rose in rebellion
against its ancient monarchy and
expelled its King, the idea of the
leaders of the revolution was to set
up a democratic form of govern
ment, a republic somewhat on
American lines.
The Spanish people, having never
had any experience Or training in
self-government, fell an easy prey
to the Communist propaganda, and
two years ago the government got
into Communist hands. Now the
leaders of the aA,f-monarchist re-
volution are in rebellion against the
Communist government, seeking to
set up another sort of dictatorship,
of the type to which Mussohru
gave the name of Fascism.
1t has been Europe's experienc
that only a dictatorship can over
come Communism, once that doc
trine has taken root among thu
masses. Communism is interna
tional. From Moscow the effort
is ~unceasing to stir up discomfort
all over the world and convert thu
workers to its program of seszur
of power by force. The first ma
ton to feel this influence after tn
World War was Italy. Communism
threatened the throne and tn
! church. Mussolini's bold seizur'
of power was a successful effort
+, with King and Church giving tact
encouragement, to resist force will
force and set up a stable govern
ment.
Hitler's rise to power in Ger
many came about in much tn
same way. A Communist uprisin.
was imminent among the .impov
erished German people. Hitler seiz
ed the opportunity to gain contro
of the government and its armet
forces, and has brought about
semblence of internal order, though
at a frightful cost not only in hu
man lives but in the suppression
of human liberties.
We in America want neithe
Communism nor Fascism. w
have learned how to operate a de
mocracy and we will sustain it.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1936-09-11
HARVARD 800 years

HARVARD 800 years
The whole world of scholarship
is paying compliments this month
to the Oldest American institution
of learning, Harvard University,
which was founded in 1886, three
hundred years ago. sfo -,
Harvard's tercentenary interests
me particularly because one of my
earliest American ancestors, DR..
Benjamin Stockbridge, was one of
the first students in the "colledge
or schoale" which the Rev. John
Harvard endowed in the town
which was named for his own
English university town of Cham
bridge.
In its beginning Harvard was a
crude, one-teacher boarding school,
where Nathianel Eaton, the master,
half starved and mercilessly whip
ped the unfortunate boys. B ut
from hat seed sprang what is,
believe, the most far-reaching edu-
cational influence in America, and
the most democratic.
COTTON for roads
New York state is about to try
out the new type of cotton road,
on a six-mile stretch in the Mo-
hawk Valley. Cotton roads have
been quite successful n the South,
as the cheapest improvement on the
ordinary gravel Or clay road.
I have been trying to remember
a time when the cotton planters
of the South were not in distress,
seeking new uses and markets for
their surplus product. 1t was a
year or so before the World Wa
that the ''buy a bale of cotton
propaganda was started all over
the country, to help the Southern
planters.
The truth about cotton, il
seems to me, is that it can b
grown profitably only in especially
) favored regions or where there i
a plentiful supply of the cheapest
manual labor to *chop" and picl
it. Most of cotton's troubles arise
from trying to grow it under con.
ditions which initiate against pro
fits.
PIGS from abroad
"Pigs" as my friend Ellis Parke;
Butler pointed out in the stor,
which made him famous, els pigs
In pigs is Pigs it was a country
railway agent who insisted thai
g~uiena-pigs should come under tn
same classification as regular pork.
ers.
In England, where they hav'
been breeding pigs since long be-
fore Columbus discovered America
pigs is also pigs, but they know
they are not all alike. The kim
) that bring home the bacon il
England are known only by tn
name of Large Black pigs. The!
are said to be far more docile thar
the fancy breeds, and also NOR,
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1936-09-11

Uncle Sam has just imported
four Large Black pigs, two boar.
and two sows, and is going to try
crossing them with familiar Amer
can breeds. Which is interesting tt
~hog-raisers, but to most of us pig.
is just pigs.
BATS . some useful
l have long accounted bats a.
among the most interesting as wei
as the most useful little animal.
we have. They are useful, because
if you have plenty of bats flying
around your house on Summer eve.
nings you won't have SO many
mosquitoes. Indeed, one Texa.
town some years ago built a "ba,
tower" in which these flying mice
could live and breed, and so get
rid of a serious mosquito pest.
Only a few persons with excep-
tionally keen ear can hear the
squeaky cries of bats as they fly
Their tone is pitched in a key BE-
yond ordinary audibility.
Not all bats are harmless, how
ever. The great vampire bats OF
the TROPICS and some parts Of Eu-
rope are actually a menace to hu-
man and animal life. And the
other day the Federal government
ordered the killing of eight ''flying
foxes" from India, fruit bats with
a three-foot wing spread, which
destroy orchards and fruit grove.
of all kinds.
Still, I like bats.
CHILDREN 49,. work
A new law has rust gone into
effect in New York, raising from
IA to 16 the age at which a boy
may leave school and get hi!
working papers," Boys of II arr
still allowed, however, to sell news.
papers and shine shoes on thu
I have never been convinced
that it is always a good thing fol
a boy to keep him from earnins
his own way in the world, what.
ever his age. I know too many
men who have risen to real great.
ness, who had very little lorna
schooling but got their education
through their contacts with lif'
itself.
Of course, it all depends or
what the boy has got in him; bu.
l think most boys who want to g.
to work don't get very much o:
value out Of compulsory school at
tendance.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1936-09-11

WE WOULD like to mention a
NAME TODAY, but rules are still
IN THIS column. Most of our
READERS KNEW the man whom
r y = SIX.
OUR LITTLE drama centers to-
T DAY, SO it will likely prove just
AS INTERESTING as if we did
CALL A name or two. "Did your
LIVE to a ripe
OLD AGE?" asked one local citi-
ZEN OF another just this week.
mo-" WAS the very prompt re-
u 4
PLY. HE lived to a green old
n
AGE. HE was badly swindled four
M AFTER reaching the age
OF TO-"
I A YOU.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1936-09-11
The Influence of wsrkly news-
papers ON public opinion exceeds
that of all other publications in
THE country.-Artbar Brisbane.
POPULATION DATA
C193O Census)

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER II, 1886
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1936-09-11

IS GOLDEN
Al an informal parry Fmet Herb
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1936-09-11
Refreshing Relief
When You Need a Laxative

Because Of the refreshing relief It
has brought them, thousands Of men
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1936-09-11

UOuSQG tQeIu, uQOuSA0QS on me
and women, who could go
afford much more x nGlSA
pensive laxatives. use '%@s
Black Draught when NtE1
needed. It Is very eco &
nomical, purely vegeta- ~
BILE, highly effective. . MI. J. Lester
Robertson, well known hardware
dealer at Martinsville, Va, writes:
II certainly can recommend Black
Draught as a splendid medicine. !
have taken 1t for constipation and
the dull feelings that follow, and
have found it very satisfactory"
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1936-09-11

LAND POSTERS-For Sale at The
Waterman Office.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1936-09-11

Buy In Salisbury
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08
TODAY'S YESTERDAYS

Aug. s, 15S8-England became mis-
tress of the seas. What remained of
the Armada which had made Spain
supreme in western. conquest and
European commerce, at the end of
the 9-day battle was upon the oceans
bottom or in smoking hulxs pounding
upon shores.
Sir Francis Drake, aged 43, emerg-
ed as hero of the battle and ever since
some historians have enormously re-
ferred to him as commander of the
English fleet. He wasn't. In fact,
he didn't arrive at the scene with his
squadro nuntil the battle had been in
progress for a week. Drake had de-
layed sailing to play a game of
bowls, saying, There's plenty of
time to win the game and thrash the
Spaniards, too"
One preparation undertaken by
Towards fleet before it sailed en-
abled it to win: hulls caulked with
tallow made the ships more easily
Unanswered than the barnacled, slow
Spanish vessels.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08
4-H Club Members
To Spend n Week
On Encampment

College Station, Raleigh, Aug. s.
A week of camp life, with plenty Of
time for study and play. will be CIV
en- 40 or more North Carolina All
club members al the Wild Life and
Conservation camp this summer.
Those attending the camp will be
clubbers who have made the great
est contribution to the wild life and
conservation program being pushed
by All clubs, said L. r. Harrill All
club leader at State College.
The campers will be selected on a
basis of their achievements, he con-
tinued and on basis of stories they
submit to their farm and home
agents. Achievements will count up
to 500 points, and the stories will
be graded on a scale running from
to 500 points.
Tho stories, "The All Club Mem
ber'ss Contribution to a Wild Life
Conservation Program" and records
of their achievement must be sub
mitted to the county farm or home
agents not later than August Is.
The camp will be held from August
81 through September at a site to
be designated by Harrill.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08
SUNDAYS YESTERDAYS

Aug. 8, 1642-Harvard College first
institution of higher learning in the
Is colonies, acquired it's first loyal
alumni. The initial graduating class
of nine received diplomas from Pres
ident Henry Dunster, who laid main
stress in the curricula upon Latin,
Greek and Hebrew.
Not long afterward Harvards first
president was forced to resign and
was indicted by the grand jury as a
hereto, because he expressed doubts
concerning the validity of infant
damnation.
Aug. 9, 179O-The 212-ton schooner
Columbia, captain Robert Gray, &C
companied by the sloop Washington,
captain Kendrick, arrived at Boston,
completing the first trip around the
world by ships flying the American
flag 1t was voyage more momen-
tous in history than Cooks first cir
COMMUNICATION of the globe. For
Gray opened up western commerce
with China and established the great
days of New England shipping and
industry.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08

College Station, Raleigh, Aug. 8
T. T. Brown, former associate mar
keting specialist with the State De-
partment of Agriculture, is now a
poultry specialist with the State Col
lege extension service
His new duties which he assumed
August 1, will include supervisory
work in connection with the record
Of performance project being spon-
sored by the college poultry depart
ment.
The project is designed to help
breeders and hatchersl keep close
check on the performance of their
birds, so they will be able to tell ac-
curately which birds are best for
breeding purposes. ,c. #.
BY Matching only eggs from birds
known to be good, said Roy S. Dear
stye, head of the poultry department,
North Carolina poultrymen. can great
ly improve >the quality of their flock.
Brown graduated from Rich Square
high school and Farm Life school,
then attended State College, wehre
he got his B. S. degree in 1925 and
his M, S. in poultry science in 1925.
For three years he was county
extension poultry agent in Wayne
county, then was flock and hatchery
inspector for the State Department
of Agriculture until October. 1884 At
that time he became associate mar
keting specialist, in which capacity
he served until he joined the extern
sion service as poultry specialist.
He is member of Alpha Zata.
Pine Bur Socirety, Phi Kappa Phi,
and Lambda Gamma Delta.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08
4 TODAY y
ToDAY,S ANNIVERSARIES

Benjamin Silliman, Yale
scientists to win world-renown, tath-
err of a noted scientist, born at Trum-
bull. Conn Died Nov. "a, 1864.
1819-Charles A. Dana, famed New
York Sun editor, public servant, born
at Hinsdale N. H. Died Oct. II, 1897.
1S22-George Stoneman Union gen
eral, California governor, born in
Chautauqua Co., N. Y. Died at Buff
falo, N. Y, Sept. 5, 1894.
1S39-Nelson A Miles, soldier, lieu
tenant-general, born near Westmin-
ster, Mass. Died in Washington,
May Is, 1925.
1857-Henry F. Osborne, famed
scientist, born at Fairfield, Conn.
Died Nov. 6, 1885.
1SS4-Sara Teasdale poetess, born
in st. Louis. Died Jan. 20, 1888.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08
ANSWERS

l. According to the 1880 census re-
ports there are 596,O27 married women
over Is years Of age in North Caro-
lima. OF this number 93,324 are wage
earners.
2. Early governors of the colony
were appointed first by the Lords
Proprietors, later by the Crown. Their
salaries, if any, were voted by the as
sembly, or legislature. In this way the
colony politicians held the whip hand
and in many cases they did not fail
to use it.
3. Associate Justice Walter Clark.
Of the North Carolina Supreme Court.
Justice Clark was nominated by the
democratic party and shortly after
wards received the endorsement of
the other two parties. In 1903 he was
elevated to Chief Justice.
4. The 1880 census gives North Car
DINA total of 587,665 men of mill
tary age-18 to As years. Whites, 49,
920; negroes, 1925, all others 2,783
5. Fifty-two years, from 1879 to
1871. North Carolina did not have any
ports that would accommodate ships
engaged in foreign trade. Through an
embargo on North Carolina tobacco
Virginia hoped to capture the bust
ness that might come to North Caro-
lima. The embargo was removed by
the Crown in 1871.
g. 1t was planned to levy poll tax
of 81 cents. This with the tolls from
the use of the railroad would be suf-
ficient to carry on the work. It was
estimated 1929 that the cost of con-
structing a wooden railroad would be
$3.50 per mile. Horsepower was to
be used, and individuals were to fur
nish their own cars, or carriages.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08

FREE TUITION NOW AVAILABLE
Six scholarships in presswork, sub
ject to immediate acceptance and
certain requirements. No scholar
ship available in other departments
which include linotype, monotype,
and hand composition. Training
available in these departments on
the usual terms. Why not be a
pressman or a printer? For full in
formation with reference to scholar
ships and training in other depart
ments, write v. c. Garriott, South
ern School of Printing, 1914 South
ST., Nashville, Tennessee.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08
TODAY IN HISTORY

1776-Army of the Revolution this
day consisted of 10000 men fit for
duty.
1829--The "Stourbridge Lion" coun-
try's first successful locomotive, tried
out at Honesdale, Pa. Bought in
England for about $4,000, ran about
3 miles, then remained idle for 20
years when put in shops and boiler
used there.
1919-Presdent Wilson, addressing
joint session of Congress, asked pen
alties for profiteering, licenses for in
terstate corporations, broadening of
food control act, etc.
1925-Some 10000 Ku Klux Hammers
marched through Washington, D. C.
in white sheets.
1930-Height of severe drought in
Middle West.
1933-China's National Government
paid an independent general to quit
fighting and take up farming.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08

key city of Gorilla occupied. The
French, when they received news of
the victory, had good news of their
own to impart, the recapture of
F1eury. But there was disturbing
news from British G. H. @. The at
tack on the Somme was breaking
down. 1t was apparent to all the AL
lies that the Germans could not be
beaten until all their armies advanc-
ed with uniform success, but in no
case had any unified effort met with
encouraging results.
Queries, reproofs, ETC., are welcom-
ed by Clark Kinnaird.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08
What Do You
Know About
North Carolina?
BY FRED H. MAY

l. How many of North Carolina's
married women are wage earners?
z. In what way did our early assem-
elies hold the whip hand over the
governor?
B. What democratic candidate re-
celved republican and populist en-
dOrsement in 1894?
4. How many men of military age
does North Carolina have?
5. How many years did Virginia
prohibit North Carolina tobacco from
being shipped from her ports?
8. How was it planned to finance
early railroad building in the State?
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08
ANSWERS TO
TEN QUESTIONS
See Back Page

1. Marking.
g. Conan Doyle.
3. ~he Bronx Zoo, New York City.
4. DR.. Rudolf Dieses, the inventor.
8. An instrument for measuring tenn
peratures higher than the boiling.
point of mercury $3.50 degrees c.
6. American composer.
7. Stefansson.
8. 1t is one of the Philippine group.
9. Galaxy.
10. Our American Cousin"
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08
TODAY'S BIRTHDAYS

Eugene fGene) Buck of New York
songwriters' head born in Detroit,
81 years ago.
Roy Barton White, president Of the
Western Union, born at Metcalf, ILL.,,
SO years ago.
Robert H. Lucas of Washington, D.
c., Republican leader, born in Ken
lucky, 48 years ago.
y. S. Senator Patrick A. McCarran
Of Nevada, born at Reno, go years
ago.
Admiral Louis N. Fulton, U. S. NJ
retired, Of Virginia, born there, 81
years ago.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08
TODAY'S HOROSCOPE

Today indicates one of very super
Tor ability, who generally specia!izes
in his iWork and attains eminence.
Born in the higher spheres of life,
and native will attain fame and
wealth; in less advantageous circum-
STANCES, there is still good fortune
and the respect of all.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08
NOTICE OF APPLICATION FOR
PAROLE

Notice is hereby given that the ind
ersigned will apply to the Governor
for the parole of Walter Fits who
was convicted of manslaughtcr at
March term 1881 of Vance County
Superior court. Any person opposing
this parole are invited to file their
protest.
This July 80, 1886.
BESSIE Fits
His wife.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08
Today is the Day
By CLARK KlklNAIRD
Copyright, 1886, for this Newspaper
by Central Press Association

Saturday, Aug. 8; 46 more days till
Autumn. Zodiac sign: Leo. Birth
stone: sardonyx.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08
NOTICE.

NOTICE.
Having this day qualified as Adj
ministratrix, C. T. A., of the estate OF
R. D. Vaughn, deceased, of Vance
County, North Carolina, this is to
notify all persons holding claims
against said estate to exhibit them be-
fore the undersigned or her attorney
on or before the 18th day Of July,
1887, or this notice will be pleaded IN
bar of their recovery. All persons in
debted to said estate will please make
immediate settlement.
This the 18th day of July 1886.
MRS. LUCY VAUGHN STAINBACKs
Administrative C. T. A, of r. D.
Vaughn.
D. P. McDuffee, Attorney. .1
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08
Bargains in Used Cars
Every Day at
Legg-P arha1n Co.

NOTICE 847 N. GARNETT ST.
You get 100 percent pure Pennsyl-
vania motor oil 11-15-25c qt. All
guaranteed at highest speeds.
Greases, Tires, Tubes, Patching. al
so white gas for cars, trucks, lamps,
stoves, etc. 63ti
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08

FIRST WORLD WAR-DAY-BY-DAY
20 Years Ago Today, Aug. SO, 1916
The Italian attack on the Isonzo
front, the beginning of which was
noted in this space Tuesday, was
brilliant success, with the important
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08

Louise Madeline Garner
Louise Madeline Garner, 17-year-
old baby mixup" girl of Atlanta,
Ca, has decided that Mrs. John
Z. Garner of Macon, Ca, is her
real mother. Louise was involved
In baby n1ixup at hospital in
1919 and was reared by Mrs. D.
l.. Pittman of Atlanta. Recently
a court gave her power to pick
her own parents. Louise selected
the Carriers.
Central Press
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08
AMERICAN LEAGUE
|T6da8Gd11les

PIEDMONT LEAGUE
Durham at Rocky Mount.
Portsmouth at Norfolk.
Richmond at Asheville.
AMERICAN LEAGUE
Boston at Washington.
Chicago at Cleveland.
Philadelphia at New York.
st. Louis at Detroit.
NATIONAL LEAGUE
New York at Philadelphia.
Cincinnati at st. Louis.
Pittsburgh at Chicago.
Brooklyn at Boston.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08

SINS OF INJUSTICE: For 1 know
YOUR manifold transgressions and
your mighty sins: they afflict the
lust, they take a bride, and they turn
aside the poor in the gate from their
right.-AmoS 5:12.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08

FOR SALE-1934 DODGE TRUCK
with cab, dual tires, reworked, re-
painted and in good condition; with
out body, price $225.OO. Corbitt
Motor Truck Company. 23-tf
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08
SUNDAY IS THE DAY

TX Sunday after Trinity, August 9.
222nd day of the year. Moon: last
quarter.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08
WANT ADS
Get Results

SPECIAL GOLD SEAL 9x12 RUGS,
$5.95. 6x9 rugs $1.95. Refrigerators
all sizes 1895 and up. Home Fur
niture Exchange. Corner Garnett
and Montgomery streets. Phone 80.
5-tf
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08
Wife Preservers

Rock salt dissolved in water,
as much as the water will take
up, will destroy grass growing
between the f1ags-of a back yard.
Pour the solution into the cracks.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08
NATIONAL LEAGUE
ReHsNylts]
PIEDMONT LEAGUE

PIEDMONT LEAGUE
Durham 8; Rocky Mount 2.
Asheville 9; Richmond 3.
Only games played. ..
AMERICAN LEAGUE
Chicago 1; Clevelad 8.
Boston 2; Washington 8.
Only games played. M
NATIONAL LEAGUE
Chicago IA; st. Louis 5.
New York 9; Philadelphia 3.
Pittsburgh 81; Cincinnati 10.
Only games played.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08
BRIBERY

BRIBERY CONDEMNED: Thou
shalt not wrest judgment; thou shalt
not respect persons, neither take
gift: for a gift doth blind the eyes
of the wise, and pervert the words of
the ighteous.-Deuteronomy 1913
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08

YOUNG LADY STENOGRAPHER
and bookkeeper wants position. Adj
dress Young Lady,, care Dispatch.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08

FOR RENT OWEN APARTMENTS
on Belle street. Two six room apart
ments recently renovated, all mod
ern conveniences. Possession can be
given August Is. Apply to D. P. Nc
Duffee. 5-6ti
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1936-08-08

a..... =, ~. ~ iL - ny. -. ~ ..a-Re. ~ -