davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1936-10-30

of woolen goods had a gentlemen's
agreement as to prices. At the same
time it was claimed that companies
were free to use their own judgment
about keeping the agreement, as
though companies" were not gen
tlemen.
Installation of new machines had
helped to reduce prices of woolen
goods. The prevailing low wages was
attributed to competition.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1936-10-30
UNEMPLOYMENT SCARS

Edmonton, Alberta (ILNS)-The
provincial governments employment
service reports that on October / there
were so per cent more unemployed in
Alberta than on the same date last
year, making a new all-time record
The social credit government, which
promised to provide prosperity for
Everybody, has been in office IA
months.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1936-10-30

Amt civilization wonderful? We
invent a machine to do the work and
then tax it to support the men it
displaces.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1936-10-30
To Vote OH More
Deposi-or Safety
Deposit Insurance Makes
Change Desirable.

Backed BY tile State Banking
Department ana of interest to ey-
cry one in Ohio Is the proposed
constitutional amendment which
appears at the tcp of the separate
ballot November 8, This proposal
would make for grester depositor
protection because it pases the
way for banks to increase their
capital, that is, put more Of their
own funds in the business to stand
between depasitors and possible
loss
In urging a "Ys" vote on this
question, government banking au-
thorities say this change would
benefit the pubic as follows:
Approval of the amendment
would eliminate Ohio's out-of-
date provision for double LA
bility on state bank stock
1t would cause banks to give
depositors greater protection
through more paid-in capital.
More than 80 per CEN Of all
accounts in Ohio's state banks
are fully covered by deposit
insurance, paid for BY the
banks themselves.
In its banking reform, the
Federal Government removed
double liability from national
banks as Of July |, 1887.
Twenty-Five states now are
in agreement with the Federal
Government in this respect.
Double liability has meant
less than 5 cents on the dollar
to depositors.
Adoption of the amendment
would not relieve stockholders
Of liability now assessed.
SAMpTE RAII0T
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1936-10-30
THIRTY-FOUR
STATE LABOR
Federations Back Roosevelt
For Reelection

Washington, D. C. (ILNS)-Thirty-
four State Federations of Labor rep
resenting every section of the United
States have endorsed the reelection of
President Roosevelt to date, Major
George L. Berry, president of Labor's
Non Partisan League, announced at
the leagues office in Washington.
.This bears a significance that can
not be underestimated by any political
dopesters, said Major Berry, when
it is considered that in addition to
these state federation endorsements,
President Roosevelt has received the
endorsements of 20 international
unions and 85 officials of interna-
tionals in addition to the state fedora
tion backings. Particularly significant
is the fact that NOT a single state
labor body has endorsed Candidate
Landon"
State Federations Of Labor which
have endorsed President Roosevelt to
date are:
Alabama, California, Colorado, Con
necticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois,
Iowa, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas. Ken
lucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland,
Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missis-
sippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska,
New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Okla
homa, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,
South Carolina, Tennessee. Utah, Vir-
ginia, Washington, West Virginia,
Wyoming,
international unions which have en-
dorsed President Roosevelt or Labor's
Partisan League, or both, are:
Amalgamated Clothing Workers oi
America.
Locomotive Firemen and Engine
men.
international Ladies Garment
Workers.
Hatters, Cap and Millinery Work
ers' International Union.
Hotel and Restaurant Employees
International Alliance and Bartend
ers' League.
American Federation Of Hosiery
Workers.
Mine, Mill and smelter Workers
international Union.
United Mine Workers of America.
Brotherhood of Railway Clerks
International Alliance of Theatrical
Stage Employees and Moving Picture
Machine Operators.
United Wall Paper Crafts of North
America
Brotherhood Of Railroad Trainmen.
Brewery, Flour, Cereal and Soft
Drink Workers of America
United Textile Workers Of Amer.
lea.
international Typographical Union.
United Rubber Workers Of Amer
lea.
international Association Of Bridge
and Structural Iron Workers.
international Association Of Ma
chinists.
National Organization Of Masters,
Mates and Pilots Of America.
Bakery and Confectionery Workers
International Union.
The Bakery Union was the twentieth
international to endorse the presi-
dents reelection.
---
Amt civilization wonderful? We
invent a machine to do the work and
then tax it to support the men it
displaces.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1936-10-30

SAMPLE BALLOT
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1936-10-30
GEO. KAPPEL

Practical all-around tailor, would like
to be favored with your patronage, for
Repairing, Altering, Cleaning. Press
ing, removing wearshine and Refining
1852 N. B Street. 1887 w. Will call for.
Give estimates and deliver.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1936-10-30
LEARY GOES WITH HEARST

Washington, D. G. GLNS)-John
J. Leary, Jr., labor editor Of the old
New York World, publicity writer for
the republican party labor division in
the 1882 election campaign, and who
has been on the publicity staff Of the
WPA in Washington during the last
few years, has signed a three year
contract with the Hearst publications.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1936-10-30
Patronize those who unionize!

There's a thrill in seeing the sign
Union Label Goods" in mer-
chants window. He will put it there
if enough workers will demand
union-made products.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1936-07-02
ARTHYDE

Mrs. J. A. Jendahl and son of Min
neapolis, are visiting at the home of
her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Miller
Christensen.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Fleek are the
parents of boy born June %.
Andrew West has gone to Sank Cen
ter, where he will visit his brother.
Mr.. and Mrs. E. Grant were visitors
at the T. ]. Adams home Saturday
evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harvey Nortrup Of
Elk River, and Mr.. and Mrs. Anton
Bitumski of Duluth, visited at the
Nortrup home Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Clyde Hutchins and
Mr.. and Mrs. Erwin Jarvis spent Sun
day at the Earl Fadden home near
McGrath.
Mr. and Mrs. Alvin Jarvis and Mrs.
Nels Jarvis visited at the Fleek home
Sunday afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. T. j. Adams and fam
lily picnicked at Grindstone lake Sum
day. Hazel returned home with them.
Mrs. Leonard Youngberg spent Sat-
urday at the home of her parents, Mr..
and Mrs. Clyde Hutchins.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1936-07-02

40; Alfred Kueten, 40; Joseph Kueten.
40; Bonnie Mohelski, 40; Ruth Ho-
berg, Al; Martin Pallock, AZ; Lee
Swafford, AZ; Bernard Kubesh, A;
Harold Ebert, 46; Helen L. Manick,
as; Faye L. Peterson, 46; Loretta M.
Reed, as; Clara M. Smith, As.
Marianne Fodder, ALE; Richard
A. Klande, ALE; Helen Kub, 4S;
Alma Goldberg, 40; Olga E. Yer
ronen, 40; Irene Albion, so; Agnes
Romanowski, so; Irene Hudak, So;
Helen Bonk, Sc; Florence Schneider
60; Margaret E. Pavcik, 60; Floyd W.
Eccles, 81; Leslie B. Griffith, 81; Os-
valid Kari, 62; Irene Lindquist, 81;
Vaino w. Pahkala, 62; Ernest Peitso
81; Ella Petry, 81; Vaino Suonvieri
g.; Walter Suonvieri, 81; Myrtle
Wooster, Sc; Ruth Planert, 50; DeLore
Trippler, 50; Barbara Currie, 70; Leon
M. Clyne, 70; William Osman, IS;
Regina M. Franta. II; Henry F. Sou.
kup, II; Walfred Kanto, IS; Arve
Mattson, IS; Vernon F. Jansen, go
Vernon Scofield, 80; Theresa White
80; Anton Libra, 81; Louis Tauber, 81
Martin w. Bissonette, "a; Raymond A
Dolly, "a; Roland Eliason, IS; Vance
Frye. IS; Vera Gilbertson, IS; John G
Ferguson, 81; Dorothy Abrahamson
90; Jean Chollett, 90; Jane A. Ander
son, 81.
Annibelle Erickson, 81; Margare
H. Hillbrand, 81; Florence Grutkoski
So; Eleanor Grabowski, 90; Angelina
T. Profit, 101; Jessie A. Whitney, 1O1
Velora Chaffee. 1902; Buddy Martin
1902; Irene Furey, 1903; Joseph Furey
1O3; Laverta Kruger, 1O3; Vernon
Sangren, 103; Ruth E. Bjork, 1O4; AL
dine Anderson, 1O6; Norma Ballan
tine, LOG; Cecil Harsch, LOG; Edit
Nelson, 106; Loddy Brabec, 1O7; Jen
ME Novy, 100; Amy R. Currie, 112
Doris M. Millhouse, 112; Ruth O
Smith, 112; May Koksma, 113; Vernon
Ellison, ia; Elaine Youness, 116; Ro
land Auers, III; Edwin C. Peters, III
Arnold Stumne, III; Alvina M. Juhl
118; Herbert E. Nelson, 122-E; Rache
L. Irons, 1923; Donald H. Kramer, 1913
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1936-07-02

We hope that r. w. Hitchcock, Re-
publican publicity representative, sees
fit to make amends for the following
statement appearing in his weekly
column: "A new administration pay
roll set-up under the board Of control
is that Of old age assistance where
Minnesota has already added q new
taxeaters to its list of employees"
Surely Mr.. Hitchcock does not mean
to say that the old age assistance law
should be a dead letter affair and
should not be administered! No doubt,
his party would like to see that, be-
cause they have always been opposed
to social security legislation and
passed this inadequate law only be-
cause they were virtually compelled
to do so.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1936-07-02
PINE COUNTY RURAL
SCHOOL NEWS
A. e. GUSTAFSON
County Superintendent
Rural Graduates. 1886.

The following are the rural grad
yates for Pine county for 1886. Dis
trict number follows name:
Ethel M. Bell, 1; Reuben L. Dyr-
land, 4; Clarence E. Peterson, 4; Wal
ter Krieger. 6; William Pranghofer,
z; Bernice c. Lager, 10; Ellen Jane
Tate, 10; Alice M. Fish, liza; Bernice
E. Swenson, liza; Leona L. Carlson,
~; Edgar w. Hanson, II; Gordon H.
johnson, IL; Wendell Erickson, 10;
Berl ]. House, 10; Clara Peterson, 13;
Violet M. Huffman, ID; Wallace A.
Nelson, ID; Earl d. Nordvall, ID; STAN
ley R. Walberg, II; Allen A. Walberg,
II; Jack e. Berger, IS; Vernon Mel
lancon, IS; Doris E. Kroon, 10; Helen
R. Ryden, 10; Elaine Iverson, %;
Bernard Bartos, 25; Harry L. Camp
bell, Is; Francis w. Kryzer. %; Joe
Jirovec. 26; John Majzner, 26; Laddie
Stepan, 26; Elmer Dahlstrom, q; Leo
Skluzacek, %; George Hoffman. 80;
Glenn Karas, 30; Esther Klande, 30;
Philip Nordstrom, 30; Lawrence Zalas-
mix, 80.
John Bible, 80; Charles Engels, 80;
Catherine Lamberty. 80; Frank POLKA
chik, 80; Eileen Musser, 80; Pauline
Saloka, 80; Viola Workman, 80; Vada
J. Engler, 33; June F. Madison, 49,
Merlin C. Madison, 33; Ellen L. Mer.
rift, SO; Leonard ]. Plessel, 80; Marie
l. Skluzacek, 33; Betty J. Trollen, 49,
Esther Henderson, "a; Kenneth Quid.
ing, "a; William Rys, "a; Betty Schu-
macher, "a; Edward Dougherty, 35
James McDermeit, 35; Arlene N. Mot
taz, 35; Norma H. Olson, 35; Doris C
Presley, 35; Albert B. Stockamp. SO
Everett A. Weser. 80; Dorothy Bart
czak, 40; Margaret Chmieleski, 40
Clifford Folen, 40; Shirley Gilbert
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1936-07-02

Inger Christensen, 1875; Nola Cluett,
1875; Blanche Golden, 1875; Edith Hult-
gren, 1875; Grace Southerton, 1875.
Superior.Accredited Schools.
Schools No. 10, "a, 35 and 1875 are
superior School No. LOG
is temporarily off the superioraccred-
tied list this year.
Schools No. 4, 6, Tic, 81 and SO
are being considered for the accred-
tied list this year. The fate of sew
eral eighth graders in these schools
depends on the states decision. Of
fetal notice has not yet been received.
Rock Creek, No. 4, is quite certain to
be accepted.
We hope that a number of other
schools, employing two year gradu-
ates, will take steps to become ac-
credited next year.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1936-07-02
State Capitol News

1t might be a bit embarrassing for
the Republican propagandfsts to ex-
plain exactly how any man can take
the credit for balancing the budget
of the state of Kansas when the state
laws themselves do the balancing.
Kansas statutes specifically provide
that all monies necessary for the OPP
GRAFTON of the state government be
paid out Of current revenue and under
no circumstances shall money be
raised by a bond issue unless the
same has been first approved by the
voters in general plebiscite.
Because of this legal quirk. the fed
eral government was forced to liter
ally dump money into Kansas to re-
lieve the distress and poverty OF the
unemployed. This statute restriction
also resulted in the closing OF many
public schools due to the Lack OF
funds; the reduction of teachers sal
aries from 25 to 40 per cent; the
deterioration of the states highway
system, and an average old age PEN
sion of 50 a month.
While these rights of the people OF
Kansas were being destroyed, Cover
nor Landon chose figuratively to as
sumo the role Of Nero by playing
a violin concerto while the real func-
tions of state government were go
ing up in smoke.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1936-07-02
SANDSTONE BIBLE CHURCH

Sunday services Sunday, July g.
Sunday school at 10 a. m, all ages.
Morning service at II a. m, subject,
The Last Days; 2 p. M, Bear Greek,
Sunday school; p. m, Evangelistic
service. Hear the young peoples
string band sing and play. Special
song service, subject, The Door in
Heaven.
Tuesday, p. M, Fisherman club.
Wednesday, p. m, prayer meeting.
Friday, p. M, choir rehearsal.
Saturday, 10 a. m, boys and girls
club.
r. DEURSEN, Pastor.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1936-07-02

The Seventy-Fourth Congress, ad-
journed Last week, goes down in his
tory with many unforgivable fumbles
and few constructive bills to its
credit.
While American citizens were mill
family campaigning for peace, it
passed the largest peace-time war ap-
preparation America has ever known.
The constructive Benson Youth Act
was turned down because Congress
could not find the funds necessary to
educate Americas unemployed youth.
The important Frazier-Lemke bill
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1936-07-02

The idea seems to be quite prevail
ent that under the old age assistance
act the homestead of a deceased re-
cfpfent is subject to the claim of the
county for all assistance paid. Attor-
ney-General Peterson has given an
opinion on this feature of the law.
The opinion holds that the home
stead of a deceased recipient is ex-
empt from the claim of either the
county or state agency for the amount
of old age assistance paid. 1t is held
that the homestead is free from such
claims and descends to the surviving
spouse or children of the deceased
and is subject to the provisions of
wills made by recipients.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1936-07-02

1t is unfortunate that Congress ad-
journed without passing the Benson
resolution calling for Congressional
Investigation of Black Legion, Silver
Shirt, and other similar subversive
activities.
The joint resolution was voted out
of the Senate judiciary committee
and, through an oversight" failed
to reach the Senate committee on
audit and control in time for action.
And so the people of the United
States will not know of the extent
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1936-07-02

the insidious fascist organizations
have gone in their plan to establish
fascist dictatorship in this country
and will wait to be aroused again
when some particularly outrageous
piece of new terrorism has been per-
petrated by these bigoted hoodlums.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1936-07-02

to refinance farm mortgages was re-
jected while a large appropria-
ton to substitute the shipping indus
try passed successfully.
The new Guffy-vinson coal control
act, which would have guaranteed i'm
poverished miners a living wage, was
filibustered to death.
To its credit, is passed SLABS. 900
600 work relief appropriation. 1t kept
faith with the World War veteran by
paying him his adjusted compensa-
ton certificate. 1t passed the $780,
100000 rural electrification bill.
The SeventyFourth Congress s
muffed an unusually fine opportunity
to lay foundation upon which an in
telligent social and economic order
could be built.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1936-07-02

Most liberals will feel that Presi-
dent Roosevelt has reason to be CRATE
full for the enmity of such reaction
aries as AL Smith and cambridge
Colby. 1t is safe to assume that these
men would not be so bitter in their
opposition to Roosevelt's policies If
they did not fear a further extension
of liberalism. Fortunately for the
Roosevelt administration Al Smith
and his friends are much too close to
Wall Street and the reactionaries of
the Liberty League to have any appre-
ciable influence on the voting public.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1936-07-02


petrated by these bigoted hoodlums.
Inter-company credits and advanced
royalties of the Oliver Iron Mining
Co.. totaling $722.0O0,OOO between the
years 1929 and 1894 may be assessed
under the moneys and credits tax law
if plans of the Minnesota Tax COM
mission carry through.
An opinion probably will be asked
Attorney General Harry H. Peterson
as to whether inter-cOmpany credits
and advanced royalties constitute
moneys and credits under the laws
of Minnesota and are taxable as such.
If the opinion is in the affirmative,
millions of dollars of taxable values
will be added to the tax rolls of the
state.
The Independent merchant is learn
ing that his welfare is enextricably
bound up with the welfare of the
wage-earner and farmer.
Last week a Minneapolis concern
invited the grocers of the city to a
banquet. where they were asked to
lend their support in fighting strike
of truck drivers.
The scene was set for the usual
resolution of protest against the strik-
ing workers when several of the in
dependent grocers started asking en-
barrassing questions. They wanted to
know if it was true that the best GUS
toners of this concern were the chain
stores, and if any of the chain store
managers had come to the meeting.
They also asked why the company had
refused to sign an agreement with
the union when all other market firms
had done so.
Whereupon the chairman hastily
adjourned the meeting without TAX
ing any action.
Evening star., 1936-09-20
THIS WEEK

do you know this man," he demanded
I've seen him, of course. but I've never
talked with him."
captain Pollard stepped to the telephone
SAID to the operator, Captain Pollard
speaking. Send the first officer down here on
the jump" He turned swiftly to Lvnn
Downey. why was your room searched,"
Il don't know"
Have you any valuables here?"
Nothing to speak Of"
DO you think this matter has anv con.
nection with what you heard on the upper
deck?"
i don't know. I'm sure," she said with
dignity. and. watching her. Tracy felt a
vague uneasiness. Was her sudden coolness
an attempt to forestall questions concerning
that bit of paper?
Captain Pollard stepped to the foot of the
oed. stood looking down at the figure on the
floor. This man." he said, was in YOUR
stateroom when he was killed, Miss Downev
he was not dragged in here afterwards" ;"
Evening star., 1936-09-20
Mogoxins Section

Obviously" she said coolly and easily
knuckles sounded in a perfunctory knock
on the door, 1t was opened without waiting
ior response, and the first mates husky
frame loomed on the threshold.
Captain Pollard said, Mr. Swanson, take
MISS Downey to my cabin, take MIR. Burke
10 yours and return here at once"
The captain turned to stare meaninplv at
tne TWO passengers, and his gaze struck Tracy
burke with a force amounting almost to
physical impact 1T is my WISH" he said.
that you two don't try to compare notes.
Is that satisfactory"
Lynn Downeys eyes were indignant.
Do you mean that am being accused -"
Il mean," Captain Pollard said, that I'm
gong to be busy. Obviously you don't want
to stay in this stateroom. want you where
can hnd you, and don't want you talking
tnis thing over with Mr.. Burke MAY I count
upon your co-operation?"
She hesitated moment, then said. "Verv
well.'
Tracy Burke nodded and said. "You may
count on my cooperation. Captain"
This way" the mate told him.
Burke had been waiting in the mates room
tor more than an hour when the mate opened
the door and said, "You may 70 now. Mr.:
Burke. The captain says thanks for your CO.
operation"
Did you find out anything?" Burke asked.
Il didn't discuss the matter with the
captain"
What | meant was had - has the guilty.
party been discovered?"
AS to that, couldn't tell you. The old
m-m-m - Captain Pollard is peculiar chan.
You should see him in poker game to under
stand him. Good night. MIR. Burke"
Burke said good night and turned back to
ask. Am supposed to be under any particu-
lar restrictions?"
There was the ghost of a smile on the mates
Ups. i think not" he said, "only don't trv
70 leave the ship before it docks in Papeete."
Burke managed to grin, and walked out
(Co"finUsd on poos 10)
Evening star., 1936-09-20

AAoSSAA~A W AAdSy
Bwke's story with yawning composure
Now he took one look at the body in the
stateroom and galvanized instantly into the
competent executive who is accustomed to
shouldering responsibility.
Whose room is this?" he asked.
Lynn Downey, who had followed him in
through the door said, "It's mine Captain"
"Who killed this man."
81 don't know"
'How did he happen to be in your state
room?"
Il don't know. but you can see for yourself,
the room has been searched"
DO you know him."
Just as one of the passengers that's all.
He's Gregory Jackson. talked with him
only this afternoon, just casual chat in the
smoking room. understand he is banker
from Pittsburgh
Evening star., 1936-09-20
THE STORY so FAR

on the floor, and be-
side it - the body of
a dead man!
From Lynn's cabin
Burke sent word of
the murder to the
captain. Immedi-
ately the deck lights,
turned off at mid
night, flashed on.
Tracy stared out on
deck incredulously.
The sudden illumina-
ton had caught Lynn
unawares. She was
tucking into the
front of her dress a
sheet of note paper
like that which had
futtered down from
the boat deck!
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1936-01-11
7Q ';;!:?;,:! T., Topics
(cOpyright 1880

Mr.. Thad Brown, of the Fed
eral Communications Commits
sion, has been rejoined by Mrs.
Brown, who has returned from
their home in Columbus, Ohio,
where she has been for the
past three weeks.
Mr.. Brown and their son,
Thad. jr., who is . student
at Princeton, were with her
in Columbus for the holiday
season, and a gala round of
parties kept them in a mad
rush during their visit.
Thursday evening Mr.. and
Mrs. Brown were among t h e
guests at dinner of Mr.. George
Henry Payne-Federal Com
munications Commissioner-at
the Mayflower. The company,
which later attended the re-
ception at the White House, in
cluded Mr.. and Mrs. Norman
S. Case, Mr.. and Mrs. Paul A.
Walker and Mr.. and Mrs. IT.
vim Stewart.
1t is Detroit and not Chicago,
as we told you yesterday, that
will be the new home of Mr..
and Mrs. j. Arthur Mullen.
They are there now, temporar-
lily at the Fort Shelby Hotel,
and within a short while will
be looking about for a suitable
apartment.
They will be greatly missed
in the Capital where they have
been popular in the younger
married circle.
When you least expect it,
you run into someone you
really want to see. While
awaiting an elevator in
one of the shops, whom should
we run into but Mrs. William
Stanley and her daughter,
Mary Jane. They were dash
ing hither and yon, gathering