davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1936-01-14
FIRST DUTY TO GOD,
SAYS ARCHBISHOP
Address Features Annual
Dinner Of League Of
Layman'S Retreats.

without loyalty to God there can
be no loyalty to the United States, I"
Archbishop Michael j. Curley declared
in .mpressing upon nearly 500 Cath
olic men from all the parishes in
Washington their first duty in life to
be right with their creator" at q
banquet in his honor in the Mayflower
Hotel last night.
It was the annual dinner of the
League Of Laymen's Retreats spon-
sored by the archbishop and conducted
by Rev. Robert s. Lloyd, s. j., former
headmaster of Georgetown Prepara-
tory School, at Manresa-on-the-
Severn.
Fenerty Also Speaker.
Representative Clare G. Fenerty Of
Pennsylvania shared speaking honors
with the archbishop. He reviewed
the entire history Of the world and
culled from the greatest writers Of
all time in emphasizing the stead
fastness of the Catholic church to
right principles in leadership. 1T is
through such devotion that America
Is to be saved" he said. Archbishop
Curley supplemented this speech by
telling the retreatants their duties
as Catholic men-first to God and
then to country.
He explained that the retreat house
at Manresa as an oasis to which
laymen may 60 to mediate, removed
from the strife of life and daily cares,
to unburden their souls, and return
refreshed to take up again with light
Evening star., 1936-01-14
Marriage Licenses.

George A farley. 35. 24OO 18th St. and
Fannie e; Robinson. %. 1887 Irving St..
Geoffrey crsyke; ir:. .a5. 1925 r st.. and
Blanche ". Mahurin. 90. Chevy Chase.
Md; Rev. j. H. Hollister
James M. HAYNES. 43. $3.50 Chesterfield
Oliver St: Rev. J. H. Hollister
Spencer L, Weekley. 2e. Mclean. Va. and
Marie Z, Stark. Is. 3059 NJ St; Rev NJ
william K. Gedeon. 80. 90, M st.. and
Mildred IIjll E DOUGLAS: 81. Roanoke. Va;
Samuel G. whit. 23. Greensboro. N c..
and Linda v. DAnico. 2I. 206 lst st.
Norman r Fickling. 81. and Charlotte
Hardy. "a: both Of 1915 New Jersey
, ave. Sc Rev. J. E. Lee
James r. Frooke. -. and Ida A. Cobb. 90.
both OF Richmond Va. Rev. M. p. Ger
Nelson Gardner. %. and Matte Epps. %,
both of 2S13 18th St: Rev. w D. Jarvis
Martin Howard. 20. and Helen Bates. 49,
both Of Baltimore. Md; Judge r. E.
James D. Foote. SO. 1929 10Th st.. and
Mollie c. Parker. 80. $500 Georgia ave; ;
Judge R. E. Mattinely.
Harper. %. both of McKeesport. Pa:
Charles H Butler. A. and Carrie Ellis, SO,
both Of 113 W st.: Rev. A. A. Birch.
Evening star., 1936-01-14
CARL H. SHA|FER
SUCCUMbS At II
Retired Navy Department
Historian Capital Resident
30 Years.

Carl Henry Shaifer, n. retired Navy
Department historian and Washing
ton resident so years, died in Naval
Hospital last night after long illness.
He was an outstanding authority on
the naval records of the Civil War.
Funeral services will be held Friday
at jackson, Miss, where he lived as
. boy.
Born at Edgehill plantation. Port
Gibson, Miss, Mr.. Shaifer was the son
Of DR.. and Mrs. Stephen Pillsworth
Shaifer. He was educated at private
schools in Hazelhurst and jackson,
Miss.
In 1881, he married Miss Della
Howard Fondreau. Yesterday was
their f1fty-fifth wedding anniversary.
Coming to Washington nearly half
a century ago, Mr.. Shaifer entered
the service of the Navy Department
and was historian of the library
there 80 years. He was the only man
who began compilation of the Civil
War records who lived to see them
completed. His home was 800 Con-
necticut avenue.
Surviving are his widow, his daugh-
ter, Mrs. Alan Warren Pease; two sons,
Maj. Edward F. Shaifer, Omaha, Nebr..
and Carl H. Shaifer, jr.. Shanghai,
China; seven grandchildren and
great granddaughter.
Evening star., 1936-01-14
J. H: sweeney DIES,
WAS EX.POLICEMAN
Retired Officer Passes Away at
Mount Alto Hospital After
Long Illness.

John H. Sweeney, A, retired metro
politan policeman. died Sunday in
Mount Alto Hospital. He had been i'll
for some time.
Funeral services will be held at 2
pm. tomorrow in the Chambers fu-
neral home, SIT Eleventh street south
east. Burial will be in Arlington
Cemetery, with military honors.
Mr.. Sweeney was a World War
veteran. He was appointed to the
police force January 5, 1921. and
retired for disability September 80,
1885. He had received several COM
mendations for efficient work and for
the arrests of criminals.
Among his survivors are his widow.
Mrs. Rose Sweeney, and several chill
dren
Evening star., 1936-01-14
Deaths Reported.

Hannah Armstrong. "a. 1855 11th st.
Florence OBrien. so. Sibley Hospital.
Marv Ella wNSitias Narl e. S5gd Grsft1n 4nta Hotel
George McGriffth II. 18th St Sc
Alice Wood. National Homeopathic Hos
Thomas y. Lally. 50. United States Sol
diers' Home Hospital.
Alice Mabbett. So. $500 Georgia ave-
Harry Young. 81. National Homeopathic
HOSPITAL
Edward J Hickey. 65. Walter Reed Gen.
James r. Gutridge So. s1s 9TH st. s.w.
RRaymond RsSa9I Ksssler @ 54 Gsllinger Hospital
Helen E. Chancellor. so. 372O Upton St.
Gwendolyn Murphy. 35. Emergency Hos
Mary Fronstrobne %. Garfield Hospital
Infant ni1t, Edelstein. George washington Hos
Charles Richardson. 65. Alb 2nd st. sw.
Charles jackson; 4s: GallingeI HosDital.
George r. Ellison. Il. Gaiiineer Hospital
Infant Wright Mo-. Freedmen's HOSPITAL
Evening star., 1936-01-14
PLAN is REJECTED
The proposal Of a large oil company

The proposal Of large oil company
to erect duplicate Of Mount Vernon
for use as q gasoline filing station at
Alexandria, Va, has been rejected by
the Fine Arts Commission, 1t was
learned today.
The firm wanted to construct the
building near the Mount Vernon
Memorial highwty. The commission
took the stand, however, that this
would be out Of keeping with the
dignity Of Mount Vernon and so
vetoed plans for such q project.
Evening star., 1936-01-14
FIVE BURNED TO DEATH
Mother and Four Children Perish
as Father Is Injured.

POPLAR BLUFF, Mo-, January II
tP.-Mrs. Virgie Willard, 26. and her
four children were burned to death at
their home near Taskee, Mo-, today.
A can Of oil used by the husband
and father. Poney Willard, to start a
stove fire exploded. He was critically
injured.
Evening star., 1936-01-14
Receives Fracture in Fall.

Harold Crabtree, %, a window
washer, suffered possible fractures of
the pelvis and left ankle in a fall
from q second-story window at 2728
Cortland place today. He was taken
to Emergency Hospital.
Evening star., 1936-01-14
Pastors Resist.

The league Of pastors, resisting the
government in Germany has recently
jumped from 5000 to $4,000.
Evening star., 1936-07-14
Ottmar Mergenthaler
Inventor of Linotype

To the Editor Of The Star:
The linotype has recently been the
subject of an editorial. The article, while
referring to the great value of the inven-
ton, has not one word to say concerning
the man who invented, patented and
perfected this epoch-making machine.
He was, Of course, Ottmar Mergen-
thaler Q854-1899. Born in Germany,
he landed, 1872, in Baltimore and worked
as maker of instruments, clocks and
watches. He then came on to Washing
ton, D. c., and went to work for his
former employer in the old country, one
August Hahl. Coming into contact with
James o. Clephane, he was commissioned
to build writing machine" No success.
Going back to Baltimore he conceived the
idea of mechanical printer" Getting
in touch with Clephane and associates
once more, he was told to go ahead
1888. BY 1884 Mergenthaler applied
for his first patent BY 1886 the "lino-
type" was success. Afterward Mer-
genthaler took out over SO more patents,
some covering further improvements. He
died of tuberculosis in Baltimore in 1899
at the early age of IS. Worry and close
application had hastened his end. A
wife and children survived him. IA
martyr of science!" FRED VETTER. !
Evening star., 1936-07-14
Coal Miner Asks Some
Pertinent Questions
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
Why have John L. Lewis and Lieut..
Gov. Kennedy not called the anthracite
convention in Hazelton? They are afraid.
Why does Mr.. Lewis spend the money
of coal miners to organize the steel
industry when the coal miners are
starving? Where did Mr.. Lewis get the
right to spend 81 900 for box at the
Democratic convention?
Why, if Lewis and Kennedy are the
head of the mine union, do they not
spend their time and energy in taking
care of the miners and seeing that they
are put to work-and not let them
starve?
Why does Mr.. Lewis not realize that
the opposition of the present admin
istration to business enterprises which
use coal is the reason for miners not
working? Now a steel strike would cut
heavier into the coal sales and cause
men of whom he is supposed to be the
leader to be thrown out of work.
Some one should warn the people
throughout the country that Mr.. Lewis
has demoralized the United Mine Work
ers OF America, has left them without
work and in few years there will not
be any union of mine workers. He will
do the same to any other union. His
pay will stop in few years for lack of
a union so he is trying to get soft
position with another union.
Why did Grady leave the labor fed
Grafton? Why, on the N. R. A. Board,
were the representatives of the coal
operators all former U. M. of A. officers?
The answer to this question is that Mr..
Lewis and his immediate group. past
and present, are interested in their own
welfare and not the people whom they
represent.
Why should I write this? Well, the
answer is that I have been coal miner
and all my folks have been coal miners
and union men, but union men of the
type that were led by Mr.. John Mitchell
and not by personal seekers.
JOHN KEANE.
Evening star., 1936-07-14

in their seats, with their nickels and
their tickets held in their hands-a ges-
ture which may, for all one knows, have
been the inspiration Of Ghandi's passive
resistance"
Put your fare in the box!" thun-
dered the river-conductors.
Come and get i'll" the passengers
replied. And they stuck to their mutton.
Business on the Columbia line was tied
in a knot. The progress of the rapid
transit horse cars was stricken with
paralysis. The sitting passengers were
in the end victorious when the car line
announced that thenceforth two men
at an added cost Of $4,000, including
the cost Of new and larger cars-would be
placed on their line, and fares would
be collected from the rebellious public.
Today many things have changed.
But the objection to one-man cars still
seems to linger with some persons, much
to the surprise of street car executives
IN other cities where this type of vehicle
is in general use. The chief questions
for the Public Utilities Commission to
answer, in ruling on the proposed in
crease of one-man cars here, are whether
they are safe, whether they are efficient
and meet the demands of passenger
convenience. whether their savings to
the company will permit the expendi-
ture of other funds-now lacking-for
the desirable betterment of service.
Evening star., 1936-07-14

privacy had been stripped from their
minds. Little secrets which they had
preferred to hide were dragged out for
the records Of the intruding state. No
element of reticence was permitted
them. They had been wrung dry of the
curious spiritual element called per
sonality." The experience was painful
while it was proceeding, and it left q
scar.
But also it created an expectant hope.
The public, dissected, analyzed, comput-
ed, appraised and evaluated, looked to
the government to justify its prying by
the performance of acts of social phil
anthropy sorely needed. Statistics so
compiled, it seemed, should yield helpful
relief for the masses. A vast bubble of
anticipation rose against the mental
landscape of the nation. The golden age,
undoubtedly, was dawning.
The hope, however. died a-borning.
Gradually, through long months of wait
ing, the bubble was Debated. And in
the end the index cards survived their
usefulness, supposititious at best. The
generation represented in them died out.
Government officials scrapped them.
Their final appearance was in the role
of scrap basket monument to paternal-
ism.
Mr.. Belloc, still confirmed believer In
democracy. warns against its negative
aspects. The state. he insists, should
be resisted when 1t seeks to take pos
session of the soul Of mankind.
Evening star., 1936-07-14
Pennsylvania Relief.

Governor Earle and the Republican
State Senate of Pennsylvania have COM
promised their contest over new taxes
and relief funds, demanded by the Gov
ernor. The Governor, when the Legisla-
ture met on May 4, recommended new
taxes estimated to bring in more than
$8O0O0,OO0 revenue, of which he proposed
that S7l 100000 should be used for "emer-
gency relief" The Senate took the view
that not more than $4,000 900 should
be appropriated for this purpose. More
recently Governor Earle has scaled down
his original demand to $55,OOO 900, still
a score of millions more than the Senate
was willing to appropriate. At a session
of the Senate last night it was agreed to
make the sum $45,0OO,OOO. If the dead
lock had continued the result might have
been to throw relief back upon the coun-
ties and cities, just as has been the case
IN New Jersey, where similar contest
between the Governor and the Legisla-
ture resulted in no State appropriation.
Many charges have been made to the
effect that relief money has been and is
being expended in Pennsylvania for po-
litical purposes. Former Governor Clifford
Pinchot laid such charges before the
President long ago. Nothing has been
done about them. When the Republican
State Senate declined to go along with
Governor Earle, who is an ardent New
Dealer, in his plans for new taxes and
relief appropriations, it launched an in
quiry into the uses which the Guffey-
Earle organization was making of relief
funds, to the great indignation of those
handling relief.
Pennsylvania, it is claimed, has half
million unemployed. They have been
on relief in very large numbers. How
many of the relief cases are unworthy
and how many of them should be
weeded out is not definitely known. In
New Jersey, since relief has been re-
stored to the counties and cities to
handle, many chiselers and grafters have
been removed from the relief rolls, and
the taxpayers have been saved a very
considerable amount Of money. The
New York Board of Trade, looking into
the matter Of relief in New Jersey, re-
ports that there is no acute suffering,
much less starvation, under the new
system of relief there. In fact, the New
York Board considers that Jersey has
done very good thing, which might be
emulated by other States.
If relief money is to be spread around
so as to make votes for the New Deal
ticket in Pennsylvania next November,
then the $45,oOOyOOO. which the State
Senate apparently is willing to appro-
pirate, is too much, not to mention the
$55, 100000 which Governor Earle was in
sisting upon. It might be real solu-
ton of the relief problems to turn them
over to county and city governments to
handle. That Is where they belong
primarily.
Evening star., 1936-07-14
How Far is Freedom of
Speech Constitutional? ?

To the Editor of The Star:
Nobody is likely to quarrel with Mr..
Boake Carter's eloquent defense of free
dom of speech. It's extinction abroad
and recent sinister bureaucratic activi-
ties at home have made us rather jittery
about it. But Mr.. Carter has, of course,
presented only one side of the case.
Freedom of speech is only one of our
cherished liberties and may, if abused,
render quite futile the supreme aim
of all liberty, the pursuit of happiness.
Even politician has right to some
degree of immunity. Theodore Roose-
velt made that perfectly clear. 1t is
well, from time to time, to have the
no mans land between fact and fiction,
truth and libel, more clearly defined.
If Gov Hoffman has indeed been ira
duced, it is his right, perhaps even his
duty, to accept the newscaster's chal-
lenge and seek redress in the courts of
Pennsylvania.
We have been promised dirty polit-
ical campaign. Let us therefore know,
as speedily as possible, just how much
dirt Is constitutional
r. D. MILLER,
Evening star., 1936-07-14

In the wild mountains Of Kurdistan,
submerged in a maze Of peoples and re-
ligions, dwells race of primitive herds-
men.
They are conservatives of conserva-
tives. Extreme conservatism has been
essential, in the face of hostile pressure
on all sides, to maintain their ldentlty.
Their way of life has not changed Tor
2 900 wears. They speak still the same
language as did their ancestors in the
days of the Hebrew prophets. They are
Christians, with Scriptures written In
their own tongue.
This survival, says DR.. John P. Har-
rington, noted Washington ethnolog1st,
is the miracle of miracles" hardy
ANYTHING reported in the Scriptures
themselves, he holds, is more miraculous
For 20 centuries the world mas 1orgotCeh
about these people. They become Sig
nificant today for two reasons:
First, in 722 BIC, at the time OF tne
Babylonian captivity, small colony OF
them was planted on the shores OF the
Sea of Galilee, which had been oepopu-
lated. They remained undlsturpeo,
although looked down upon socially a1ter
the restoration. From them arose all
but one OF the IL QlSclpleS.
Second, their speech is northern Ara
maic. They are still, alone IN the worlo,
speaking the tongue of the Sermon on
the Mount. More significant still, tney
are speaking the tongue OF the housenoio
of Mary and Joseph, the tongue OF Jesus
in his everyday conversations with MS
associates.
After 1000 years these primitive herds
men have sent forth a scholar-Dr;
George M. Lamsa. He is a llngulSt ana
a theologian, and at one time was STU
dent at the Episcopal Theological Semi
nary near Alexandria, Va. He has mace
a deep impression on American ana
English linguistS.
Now DR.. Lamsa as baby was sung TO
sleep with northern Aramaic lullaoles.
When he was scolded for pranks IN
school he was Scolded in exactly the
same language as was used in the hutS OF
the Galilean fishermen from which came
the disciples, He was taught almost
from the cradle to read the four gospels
in his mother tongue. He has turned
the light of his early training on the
gospels, which came down, through the
Greek, to the Western world. Some Of
the results, If his interpretations are
accepted, are remarkable.
1t is quite evident, DR.. Lamsa says, that
the first accounts of the life and teach
ings of Jesus were written in northern
Aramaic. The disciples knew no other
language. They hardly could have
been expected to be Greek scholars.
They were simple men, who wrote as
they spoke When Christianity began
to arouse a wider interest the gospels
were rewritten in the "dignif1ed' Ian
guage of the period-a divergent form OF
Greek. The writer's must have gone back
to the original northern Aramaic docu-
ments-or perhaps to word-of-mouth
accounts-for their data. They were
confronted with the difficulty of trans
lating the idioms of one language into
the scholarly forms of another.
Such a process, DR.. Lamsa says. often
leads to strange results. Take, for ex-
ample, such a relatively simple transition
as that between French and English.
Supposing French should disappear COM
Evening star., 1936-07-14
A Revolt Recalled.

William NICK. Clayton's reference, at
the hearing on one-man street cars, to
statute of 1892 requiring two-man
operation of horse cars may by way of
suggestion point to the source of the
distrust with which Washington seems
to view one-man street cars. For it
was only few years before enactment
of that statute that the riders of the
one-man horse cars of the old Columbia
Street Railway, from Fourteenth and H
streets northeast to Fifteenth and New
York avenue, staged their famous re-
sellion-and won a victory.
In those days the driver of the horse
ear was separated from his passengers
by partition. Passengers entered from
the rear, were supposed to walk dutifully
10 the front, deposit their nickels or their
tickets in the box over which the driver
presided, and then take their seats. What
started the uprising against this practice
Is difficult now to recall. It may have
been the first, faint rumblings of the
New Deal. Some passenger may have
been reading the Declaration of indie
pendence and was struck for the first
time by the thought that all men are
born equal.
At any rate, there was riders strike.
Astonished driver-conductors of the old
Columbia line were confronted one
morning with rebellious passengers who
stalked into the cars and sat stubbornly
Evening star., 1936-07-14
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL.

Hot weather care of the birds and
small animals Of the garden rests almost
solely in the provision Of water.
There is little else that can be done
for them, but this is often forgotten in
the general effects of heat on humans.
The latter are so anxious to escape the
heat themselves that all too often they
overlook the necessity for seeing that the
bird baths and water pans are full OF
fresh water and are Kept full day and
night.
Hot days deplete these vessels quickly.
Often a small pan of water is brought
to a very high temperature In few
hours, so that the birds do not enjoy it..
1t is easy to overlook these matters.
Even the ardent friend of birds, who
may have kept several feeding stations
going all Winter, much to the delight Of
scores, even hundreds, of SongsterS, tends
to overlook the water supply Of his
feathered friends.
A garden hose with the nozzle of, the
water permitted to flow out turned
down somewhat at the source, will pro-
vide sport and health for the birds.
Especially the robins.
These faithful fellows enjoy their bath
perhaps just little bit more than most
birds.
They are large, full of pep" always
on the go, hence seem to require more
water.
There are few garden sights better
than half a dozen robins, including a
couple of young ones, frolicking in the
water around a hose laid out in the
fashion indicated.
They f1utter their wings, hop around,
even rest quietly in the very soppy place
all around the open end where the water
is flowing out.
One really "kills two birds with one
stone" to make an unusual use of an
old saying. The water does the lawn
a world of good, at the same time the
birds love it, and profit accordingly.
Forgetting to keep the bird bath filled
is an old garden vice.
Too often the bath Is regarded solely
as an ornament. which it is, all right,
but 1t is more, 1t is q distinct utility.
above everything else.
If properly located, near shrubbery,
which practically all birds love, the bath
will be sought by scores of SongSterS,
especially in hot weather.
What a shame, then, for them to find
it empty, or filled with stale. hot water!
1t will not be too much to ask of any
bird lover, that he give the bird bath
daily attention, even to the point of
cleaning it and reflhng it at least once
a day.
1t is good thing, in very hot weather,
to gather up several old pans from the
kitchen and place them full of water
at strategic points about the yard.
Cake and pie pans of enamelware, or
of glass. are especially good for this pur-
pose They will require constant re-
filling, however, owing to their shallow
ness.
A good way to use them is to dig a
hole and sink them in the earth Just
to the level of the grass.
This makes them more natural, OF
course, but they are acceptable to the
birds even when just placed on the
ground.
1t must be kept in mind that birds
prefer a shallow bath. That is why the
average pool, although a wonderful thing
in any garden, is not quite to the liking
of the bird population.
Some of the bird baths one sees around
town are really too deep. Most birds
prefer a bath shallow enough so that
they can stand in it with not more