Evening star., 1936-03-01

covers that modern motor car design
plus proper preparation has told the
same story everywhere-that OF an
automobile that has met Winters
worst terms with complete success.
The double challenge of Winter has
revolved around the two familiar Diff
culties of hard starting and damage
caused by lack of proper fabrication.
In the old days, it was difficult to
get a car to run at all in very cold
weather and when it did run there
was danger of damging the engine
because the cold-stiffened oil did not
reach the bearings or the cylinder
walls.
A single remedy is credited with al
leviating both troubles, the fact that
the modern engine is designed to
operate on light. thin oils that flow
freely at extremely low temperatures.
The experts say this remedy can be
applied to many older cars also. pro-
vided their pistons, rings and cylinder
walls are in good condition.
The adoption of crankcase ventila-
tors, originally intended solely to pre-
vent thinning out of heavy crankcase
oil, resulted In the discovery that
thin oils are best for engine lubrica-
ton.
Automobile engineers point out that
every make of engine should be oper-
ated with the oils recommended by
the car manufacturers. During the
Winter the drivers selection of a
grade of oil should be based on ease
of starting at the lowest temperature
expected during the period the oil
is to be used.
Service directors for the manufac-
turers are advising that motorists
this Winter give special attention to
the protection of their cars COM
plection" from damage to snow, ice
and sleet.
They say the exteriors of auto
mobiles should be prepared for cold
weather driving just as radiators,
crankcases and batteries are Win
terized." A film-forming polish or
wax is recommended to keep cars
"looking young"
"Metered choking Is largely re-
sponsible for quick cold-weather
starting" is the explanation of a
motor company executive. He goes on:
"The old-fashioned choke did not
regulate the quantity of gas pumped
into the cylinders and resulted in
flooded carburetors and loss of time.
With fooforoi aholyinn o,,vf1io WY
valve provides additional air the
moment the engine starts. This
eliminates flooding.
THE positive engagement starting
gear is another boon to quick starting.
Former starting gears disengaged as
soon as the engine started. # the
engine died 1t was necessary to release
the starting pedal and begin again from
scratch. The positive engagement
starting gear stays engaged until the
pedal is lifted. The starter not only
turns the engine over, it continues to
turn it over while it starts and does
not disengage until the engine is
running smoothly and no longer needs
the help of the starter"
The same executive gives credit, too,
to the full-length water jacket and
the bypass thermostat. The thermo-
stat prevents the flow of water
through the radiator when the cold
engine Is started. This heats the
water within the engine much more
quickly. A bypass valve permits the
warmed-up water to circulate through
the full-length jackets, warming up
all parts of the engine quickly and
uniformly. When the proper engine
temperature has been reached the
thermostat opens and the water cir
culates through the radiator.
Full pressure fabrication materially
cuts down wear in Winter driving"
he says. DRIVERS who have failed to
take advantage of the newly developed
light Winter oils not only risk incon-
veniences in starting, but also undue
wear of the engine under ordinary
lubricating methods. Full pressure
fabrication forces the oil to all moving
parts of the engine Immediately, pre-
venting them from over heating and
reducing wear caused by friction"
X y
Motorists of the United States have
paid more than $5,318,615,856 in
State and Federal gasoline taxes since
highways was inaugurated by Oregon
on February Is, 1919, it was reported
during the past week by Baird H.
Markham, director of the American
Petroleum Industries Committee.
Declaring the tax was producing
larger revenue every year, with 1885
income exceeding $800.000,000, Mr..
Markham said it now is possible to
give the taxpayers relief, without cur
failing funds available for highways,
by reducing excessive. State gasoline
tax rates, by eliminating the duplicat-
ing Federal gasoline tax, and by con-
fining expenditures of the revenue to
the original purpose Of the levy
highway development.
The rapid increase in gasoline con-
sumption during the last few years,
he explained, will enable the average
State to obtain from lower taxes reve-
hue sufficient to finance a long term
program of planned highways If eco
nomically built and effectively adapted
to actual traffic needs. He said that
at the same time highway develop
ment would provide employment for
workers of "a different industries.
-, Present consumption Of roundly Is
billions of gallons of gasoline an
nually," said Mr.. Markham, will pro-
.duce more than $500 ,O00, 900 yearly
revenue from Scent gasoline tax.
Since every dollar expended upon
highways starts trade movement
which results in the ultimate distri-
button of $3.15 In business activity
and IN wages, ss00.0o0. 900 spent upon
roads would distribute $l,575, 900 900
In trade and wages among "a indus
tries. Every four men put to work on
highways make jobs for seven addi-
tional workers in industries whose
h. products are used In highway con-
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