davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1936-03-19
sALE-AuToMoBrLEs.

PLYMOUTH 1882 Qate) sedan: dandy mo-
tor. clean interior: beautiful. new 1896 nm
ish: excellent tires; any denomination.
Motosa a nses Motor co
1928 Georgia ave.
PLYMOUTH 1895 de luxe 4-door sedan:
perfect throughout; price below market:
liberal trade and terms. Capitol Motors,
10 Penna. ave. sc. Phone Lincoln 0303.
$40 monthly; looks and runs fne; good
tires: guaranteed special two days only.
Fhone Eddie Adams, kensinEton 69.
PLYMOUTH 1890 coupe, 1.4oo actual
family car; like new in every detail. Save
substantially from new-car price. Small
down payment; easy balance; Carries Tri-
back 'R. r. O." guarantee. No. 2 New
York ave. NV. Phone National 1882.
PLYMOUTH 1894 coach. rennished in
stratosphere blue: Spotlessly clean and
owner; S425, Triangle's Blue Ribbon and
p & e." 2oday, money.back suarsntee
Naons th Snd ah9ds s.sns sys ne Phone
es2sTv I,ss lsso % asks 3 With b.rg large
car must be sold. 1921 Conn. Phone
PONTIAC 1881 sedan. SI79. This little
car Is in extra good condition mechani-
cally and in appearance: tires show little
wear Trade and easy terms. Safety
Tested" Used Car. Wisconsin Motors, 2Oth
and NJ SITS. NV. Phone West 2972.
PONTIAC 1893 de luxe sport coupe. owned
since new by newspaper leader; 500;
terms. Sl6 mo. 4221 Conn. Phone Cleve-
land 1888.
PONTIAC 1882 G-cylinder coach. finished
in beautiful black with cream trim.
rubber spotless interior. Well worth
$3.50. L. Steuart, Inc, 1925 14th st.
NV. Phone Decatur $500.
than 500 miles: not q demonstrator: $925:
will trade. Sl7 18th st. NV.
Evening star., 1936-03-19

FORD 1882 Tudor: VS. motor is quiet and
powerful; beautiful new 1896 finish: clean
interior. A car you will be proud 20 own
and drive. Honestly Priced: only $50
down. balance to suit you. Owens Motor
Co 63.l3 Georgia ave
Evening star., 1936-03-19

FORD 1894 VS. de luxe coach; built-in
radio: original finish like new; powerful
VS. motor. excellent condition; very good
tires. Only $685.. Addison Chevrolet, 1437
Irving ST. NV. Phone Adams Ball.
Evening star., 1936-03-19

FORD 1885 de luxe Tudor. black finish.
red trim: low mileage Your 1881 Ford,
Chevrolet or Plymouth and S25 monthly.
Carries Iriiangle's Bye e. Ribbon ta and 25day,
New York ave. NV. Phone National 39S2.
Open evenings.
Evening star., 1936-03-19

FORD 1885 VS. coach: low mileage: driven
by lady: gave it the best of care; very
SAG Addison Chevrolet, 1431 Irving st.
NV Phone Adams 54ll
Evening star., 1936-03-19
PARTSl
PARTSl

For All Cars and Trucks
Auto Glass Installed and Repair Work,
ROBERT HERSON AUTO EXCHANGE, mo,
12 Elortda Ave NE North l040a.
Evening star., 1936-03-19

FORD 1895 Tudor trunk. See this car
and trade. 2l5 Penna. ave. sc. See Mr..
Rawlings
Evening star., 1936-03-19

FORD 1885 de luxe Tudor sedan; Cordoba
tan finish with red stripe and wire wheels;
clean as branG-new throughout, dual horns
and tail-lamps; splendid VS. motor is
smooth and economical; S4q5: small down
payment and easy terms. Carries the r. &
G two-day money-back guarantee. Hand
lev Ford Dealers. Il years, $3.50 Georgia
ave Phone Adams GnGn. Omen evenings.
Evening star., 1936-03-19

FORD 1894 Victoria. 5-pass. coupe. in
maroon. red stripe and wheels: completely
reconditioned: sos down and So. 80
monthly including Triangle's Blue Ribbon
and 2-day. "R & G" money-back GUAR
entee. No . New York ave. NV. Phone
National 39S2. Open evenings.
Evening star., 1936-03-19

FORD 1875 sedan, custom type; only run
10000 miles. Must sell S537; terms or
trade NolanS I'LL Eighteenth st. NV.
Evening star., 1936-03-19

FORD 1885 coupe; black factory finish like
rev. spotless Bedford cord interior shows
no wear: aO-h.p. VS. motor Just nicely
broken in by one careful owner; S415i
small down payment and easy terms. Car
RES the R. e. c. two-day money-back guar
sntee. Handley Ford Dealers. IA years.
$3.50 Georgia ave. Phone Adams 5000.
Omen pVenjpPS
Evening star., 1936-03-19

FORD 1898 de luxe coupe. only 1887;
almost new condition: terms can be ar
RANGED also trade. Nolap's. I'LL Eight
Evening star., 1936-03-19

NASH 1898 sedan; original finish is per-
feet, upholstery is spotleSs and shows no
wear: tires are like new. motor smooth
you of the original owners good care: the
price is only S335. Pohanka Service
1126 Goth St NV. Phone District gI4I
Evening star., 1936-03-19

FORD 1880 coupe: beautiful blue; in
storage months: now in fine condition.
Sell S157. Nolan'S. iii Eighteenth NV.
Evening star., 1936-03-19

TORD 1894 de luxe Tudor sedan; kept in
daSs. ave garage since new; marvellous
'alue: $500 422I Conn. Cleveland 1888.
Evening star., 1936-03-19

FORD OBS de luxe 5-window coupe; black:
low mileage: retains its new-car condition.
Name your own price and terms. Any
Ribbon and r & G - .-day. money-back
guarantee 4th and Florida ave. ne.
Phone National 39S5. Open evenings.
Evening star., 1936-03-19

FORD 1881 coupe; Al shape inside and
out. all good tires; Ideal car for business
"safe rested" used Car. wisconsin
Motors Goth and NJ SITS. NV. West 1912
Evening star., 1936-03-19

FORD 1924 Tudor black finish with cream
trim. faultleSS condition in every respect:
SOS down, S32 so month. with our Famous
Blue Ribbon and ..R, & G." ',-day. money
back guarantee. Triangle 4th and Florida
ave ne. Phone National 39S5. Open ewes.
Evening star., 1936-03-19

FORD 1881 roadster: had best Of care,
looks new Sell only S167: new-car terms.
~ Hichtnernfh st n
Evening star., 1936-03-19

OLDsMoBILE 1880 coupe black finish,
new top rumble seat fine motor. very
clean car; SlAg. Lee D. Butler, Inc, 1888
Conn. ave. Phone District ono.
Evening star., 1936-03-19

owner iust turned in: looks and runs like
new: Sl57; terms only S37. balance Sl4
Nolan Ii Eirhteenth st. u ".
Evening star., 1936-03-19

FORD 1923 sedan This is q special sale
price S2S7. See this car. Nolan's. I'LL
Evening star., 1936-03-19

FORD 1894 Tudor black factory finish
thoroughly reconditioned to comply with
our Famous Blue Ribbon and 'R & g."
2-dsy money-back guarantee. Triangle.
18th and Rhode Island ave. ne. Phone
National 3aSf. Open evenings.
Evening star., 1936-03-19

NASH 1899 '.6" sedan. S:35; shows un-
usual care given by former owner: fine
motor and set of almost new tires. A real
buy in a Better Conditioned Car" sold
as Guaranteed Red OK. Tag car See 1t
at 10Ol 18th ST TaYlnr Mntnr Co
Evening star., 1936-03-19

NASH 1894 g. sedan. 4-door; original
black finish shines like new: very smart
body. the short-coupled type: beautiful
tan mohair upholstery without a blemiSh
engine. which is in the best OF condition
You will never fnd another bargain like
this. Think OF it. S435- Stanley H. Horner
Inc. I'LL 14th st NV. National 1851.
Evening star., 1936-03-19

NASH 1929 sedan. sos; finish Is perfect.
upholstery is clean; has good tires and its
performance will please you; a real bar
gain at this price Pohanka Service, 1126
goth St NV Phone District al41
Evening star., 1936-03-19

FoRDs! FoRDSl FoRCc: ssAs, d 1--WE
Tudor S5i5; 1894 de luxe Tudor. 300,
1854 Victoria. S3a5 All above cars listed
are in the very best OF condition as TO
paint tires. upholstery top and mechanic
cal condition and carry a 30-day guaran-
tee. Submit your own terms. Stanley h:
Horner Inc. iii 14th st. NV. Phone
National 1851.
Evening star., 1936-03-19

FORD 1895 dc luxe coupe; privately owned.
Going to West Coast Real bargain. Run
400 miles. Terms. Columbia 1852. eve.
Evening star., 1936-03-19

coupe. rumble seat, new
paint. new tires. mechanically perfect, at
your price and terms. See Dick English,
522 Penna. ave sc. Phone Lincoln 0305.
Open ewes and Sun
Coulee City dispatch. [volume] (Coulee City, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1936-12-31

Just simple square, repeated
and joined together forms this
smart rug. You'll love doing the
colorful squares in varied colors,
and, in no time at all, you'll have
enough completed to make this
stunning rug. Here's one way to
turn useless rags into something
worthwhile, though rug wool or
canclewicking may also be used.
Done in Germantown the
squares would make a handsome
cushion or chair set. In pattern
5000 you will find complete instruc-
tons and charts for making the
square shown; an illustration of
it and of the stitches needed; ma
terial requirements.
To obtain this pattern send Is
cents in stamps or coins (coins
preferred) to The Sewing Circle
Household Arts Dept, 259 w.
Fourteenth street, New York, N. Y.
Write plainly pattern number
your name and address.
Coulee City dispatch. [volume] (Coulee City, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1936-12-31
Foreign Words
und Phrases III.

Arriere pensee. CD A mental
reservation. 49,
Crescite ct multiplicamini. (L)
Increase and multiply. (The motto
of Maryland
Fa ties vos ieux. CD Place your
stakes Cat roulette, etc.).
Ipso jure (L.) BY unques-
toned right:
Lusus 1aturae. 0L.){A freak of
nature. q
Nemine contradicente (nem.
COM CID No one speaking in OPP
position. j. II, n
Renommee. (F.) Fame, renown.
Coulee City dispatch. [volume] (Coulee City, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1936-12-31
A Three Days Cough
Is Your Danger Signal

No matter how many medicines
you have tried for your cough, chest
cold or bronchial irritation, you can
get relief now with Circumcision.
Serious trouble may be brewing and
you cannot afford to take chance
with anything less than Creomul-
sion, which goes right to the. seat
of the trouble to aid nature to
soothe and heal the infamed mem
branes as the germ-laden phlegm
is loosened and expelled. +.
Even if, other remedies have
failed, don't be discouraged, your
druggist is authorized to guarantee
Creomulsion and to refund your
money If you are not satisfied with
results from the very first bottle.
Get Creomulsion right now. (Adv)
Coulee City dispatch. [volume] (Coulee City, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1936-12-31
Don't Hs4s.iGafe
Gas BBOaaigs

II you want to really GET RID OF
GAS and terrible bIoatina, don't expect
to. do i by lust .doctorina your stom:
ach with harsh. Irritating alkalies and
the stomach. and upper intestine and
Is due to old poisonous matter in the
constipated bowels that are loaded
with ill-causing bacteria.
II your constipation Is Of long stand
Ing, enormous Quantities of dangerous
bacteria accumulate. Then your diles-
ton is upset. GAS often presses heart
You can't eat or sleep. Your head
aches. Your back aches. Your COM
pIexion Is sallow and pimply. Your
breath is foul. You are sick, arouehy,
g sYsTEM IS uH poIsoNE person. YOUR
Thouoands of sufferers have found in
Adierka the quick, scientific way to
rid their systems Of harmful bacteria.
Adlerka rids you Of gas gas and eleans
lower bowels. Give your bowels a
REAL cleansing with AdIerika. Get
rid of GAS. AdIerlka does not grippe
lis not habit forming. At all Leading
Druggists.
Coulee City dispatch. [volume] (Coulee City, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1936-12-31
Low /. @.

Prosecuting Attorney-Are you
acquainted with any members of the
jury?
Witness-Yes sir, with more than
half of them.
Attorney-Are you willing to
swear that you know more than
half of them?
Witness-If it comes to that, Mr..
Attorney, I'm willing to swear l
know more than all of them put
together.-Capper's Weekly.
Coulee City dispatch. [volume] (Coulee City, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1936-12-31
Hardly

Specialist-Could you pay for an
operation if thought one was neces-
sary?
Patient-Would you find one neces-
sary if ! could not pay for it?
Coulee City dispatch. [volume] (Coulee City, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1936-12-31

Contempt for Life
War is one place where human
life is treated with contempt.
Coulee City dispatch. [volume] (Coulee City, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1936-12-31
What Cat?

"Stop asking so many ques-
tions!" exclaimed the exasperated
mother. Don't you know that Curl
osity killed the cat?"
The little girl pondered a mo-
ment. "Izzat SOP" she queried
brightly. "What'd the cat wanta
know"
Evening star., 1936-12-08
Marriage Licenses.
Thomas Bradley. 81. 1901

Thomas Bradley. 81. 1901 2sth St. and
Mary ngTT.y II.s,,s au%s Is; ths cordova
John Edward walters. 20. ouantico. Va.
and Helen Irene Jeffries. 23 233 Penn
sylvania ave. Sc; Judge Robert 3. Mat
Jose ph /. Pierce, 81. 31ss 11th st.. and
Rev. Walter H. Brooks.
George Hamilton nj on, 3 S and Kathesine
Rev. ~ N. ?. &c German. man " A' A''''
James Blackburn; 36. and Rosie Young
q. both h, Of 2t,3 32s Virginia ave. sw.; Rev
Melvin E shipley. 81. and Mildred A.
THOMAS; Is. both of Silver Spring; Rev.
Spencer Wiiioushby. SO. 1715 sth st.. and
Jennett 4. Phillips. 70. Kingston. N. G.;
James Nickens. ~; 1896 Chain Bridse I'd.
and Martha Hall, 80. 2326 G ST.; Rev.
Theodore Fisher. 81. 1901 10th St. and
Marssretta Henderson. Is. 1922 sth st.
Arnold sH Esz Es E0esE' .na AnsfEfSn E%s L. Peterson
y. both Of PetersburE' Va; Rev. H.
. Da.s .na Vi vr.ais ssS North T. hs4 Ss!'n. s
Richmond; Rev. A. F. Poore.
Woodrow A. Baumg ardner. %. Hsrrogate,
Tenn: and Bolilue copDingsr; "a. Chat
Edward Faick. 26. Chattanooga. Tenn.
and Miriam R. MCGEE. 81, Knoxville;
asnsl X sttts 1873 HsG eth st.. s Rsv saa
Joseph L. Battle. jr.
Vance Daniels nds,}! r.. 49, & sssS Sherman ave-:
Samuel mi &. Woodend. Woo ends jr.. s' as' % %sennins. D.
G.. and Noel Thompson; 20; West Her
ley II MiH Rev % walter hta e tb Hook %
Ethel r. Wright IS. Nokesville. Va;
Rev. Freeley Rohrer.
Evening star., 1936-12-08
Deaths Reported.

George Jennings. Sc. 429 18th st. 80.
Abraham schwartz, SO. 1890 Eth st.
Lila Thompson So, Sibley Hospital
George Thomaides. 81. Emergency Hospital.
John Hobbs, Al. 1850 wisconsin ave.
Harry Blanks. 80. Gallinger Hospital.
Henry N. Prender. ~. Harris Hotel.
James Z. Phillips. IA, Walter Reed Hos
Infant, to G. v, and Grace Mitchell. Co.
Infant to George W. and Thelma J. Pryor.
Garfield Hospital
Infant Franklin D. Burton. Providence
Infant to Nicholas and Anne Puchetti.
George Washington Hospital
Infant to Earl A. and Dorothy M. Dennis,
Columbia Hospital.
Infant to Lawrence and Ruby West. CAL
linger Hospital
Mary Banks. IS. Gallinger Hospital.
Adline jackson. 81, 22SH2 st. s.w.
Bessie Hood. 55. Freedmen's Hospital.
Hood Simpson. 35. Tuberculosis Hospital.
Ethel Jeter. 4. Gallinger Hospital
Margaret Coleman. 3. Gallinger Hospital.
Infant Donald Quarles, Gallinger Hospital.
Infant to Randolph and Blanche Holmes,
Gallinger Hospital.
Infant to John Z. and Sunbeam Lee. GAL
linger Hospital.
Infant to M. and A. Smith. Freedmen's
Infant to BENJAMIN and Elsie NJ. Taylor,
Infant to John and Lille Nichols. CAL
linger Hospital.
Evening star., 1936-12-08
G.O.P.WOMENP[AN.
STUDY OF Dc. VOTE.
Mrs. Fitz-KeIIy Announces
Program After Talk by
Paul leSh.

Inauguration of a municipal gov
eminent program by the National Cap
ital Republican Women's Club to con-
slider the. question of national repre-
sentation for the District was an
nounced yesterday by Mrs. William
Fitz-Kelly, president, after a plea to
that effect by Attorney Paul Lesh. a
prominent Republican.
Lesh, who was guest speaker at q
meeting Of the group. warned against
letting "any one confuse you between
national representation and local self
government" Local elf-government
would violate the theory under which
the National Capital was planned, he
said, but national representation would
not.
Urges Support Of Parties.
The speaker estimated that not more
than 10000 persons living here voted
in the November election, mostly by
the absentee ballot system. He cited
numerous reasons why the District
should have national representation.
and declared it was time both major
parties voted in favor of legislation to
that effect.
Predicting brighter future for the
Republican party, Lesh expressed the
opinion that the people in the recent
presidential election didn't vote to
change the form of government, but
to keep the same party in power" be-
cause business was on the upgrade.
Lesh praised the Supreme Court, and
deplored the fact Congress has given
SO much power to the President.
Great Single Power Avoided.
In drawing up the Constitution. the
lawmakers especially intended that
great power would not be vested in any
one branch Of the Government, Lesh
declared, explaining that for this
reason it was divided into the several
parts.
Congress, however. Lesh said. has
seen fit to put $4,000 ,000, 900 into the
hands of the President for distribu-
ton, which, he added, Is considerable
power.
Lesh spoke in place of former Secre-
tary of War Patrick Hurley, who was
unable to be in Washington, he in
formed the group by telegram.
Evening star., 1936-12-08
CIVITAN CLUB WILL HOLD
ANNUAL ELECTION TODAY
Officers to Be Selected at Dinner
Meeting-E. Barrett Prettyman
Candidate for President.


The Civitan Club will hold its an
nual election Of officers at q dinner
meeting in the Pan-American room
of the Mayflower at pm. today.
Candidates for Office are z. Barrett
Prettyman, president; George H. Coale,
DR.. Ralph Morrison. Frederick M. Net
tleship, William J. Vaught and Ralph
M. Wolfe, vice president, and Leo O..
Drumwright. Joseph High, James c.
Ingram, George H. Markward, DR..
E. e. Merrimsn, Arthur ]. Richards
and James B. Skinner, Board Of Di-
rectors. Oficers will be installed i'm
mediately after the meeting.
Ashby L. Leeth, retiring president
Of the club, will preside.
Evening star., 1936-12-08
Births Reported.

Angelo a; and Mary r: Edwards, girl.
Ralph D. and Alice J. Ramley, girl.
Harry j. and Mildred 3. johnson. boy.
Charles 8. and Minna l.. Myer boy.
Walter K. and Florence M. King. boy.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1936-05-29

crative, the income is to be pro-
portionately large to the Grow
Tribe: If the gold-bearing ma
terlal is low in recoverable gold
the returns to the tribe will be
correSpOndingly low. The method
by which this sliding scale of in
come for gold recovered is to be
operated has not yet been made
public. Perhaps a member of the
trtoe Will be on the scene of the
gold mining operations form the
oegmning OF operations to the
weighing IN OF the recovered gold.
senior Forester James Stanton
ana Junior Forester Ray Chagnon
went to Custer, Wednesday, to
LOOK over Indian allotments in the
Ceded Strip for the purpose of
locating a livestock water well.
Inc range water conditions in the
area east Of Tullock creek are not
TOO good. Springs are drying UP
and water for livestock is hard to
OBTAIN. The farmers and ranchers
OF that area are anticipating a
protracted fight against grass
hoppers. The area is notably free
from cricket infestation.
ECW at Crow is organizing its
program for the coming year to be
submitted to the Washington Of
flee July 1st. Among the projects
submitted will be the truck trail
between Lodge Grass and St. Xay-
Ter. This road, if approved by the
Washington Office, will be another
valuable improvement to the res
ervation.
Signs warning tourists and Wis
itors to be careful with cigarettes
and matches while passing through
the reservation will be put at the
main entrances to the reservation,
One sign will be placed on the
Billings hill and the other on the
state highway where the Montana
wyoming line exists.
ECW employees will hold
smoker in Hardin, June 5th, to
which all foremen and supervising
personnel will act as mutual hosts
and guests. A committee will ar
range for entertainment.
Cricket poison left in former
camps and cricket operations of
ECW allegedly caused the death
OF nineteen head of cattle on Lost
creek in the Pryor district. The
cattle are owned by Clark Green
and the poison was apparently
left in this place by a slight over
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1936-05-29

sight Of those in charge of cricket
operations last year. This al
legged cattle poisoning seems to be
the only case worth serious con-
sideration, although several claims
for the same cause were presented
last year to ECW.
In order to prevent any posi-
bility of further claims against
the government, all cricket nOison-
ing activities will be handled by
individual farmers and rancherS,
hereafter. ECW will furnish crick-
ct poison to all farmers and ranch
ers and lessees on the Crow reser-
walton who call for such material
at Crow Agency. The poison viii
be available shortly after July LIST,
since the supply left over from
last years operations has been de-
pleted and a carload has been
purchased and is en- route by
freight now.
Leonard Smith, accompanied by
Mr.. Altrock. U. S. geologist, has
been investigating open coal mines
and burning coal mines. Nine
burning mines have been located
to date and it is proposed to close
and seal such mines to prevent
danger to livestock and human
beings. Small animals and birds
are frequently asphyxiated by the
poisonous gases from these dan
ger spots,
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1936-05-29

own experiences as a narration,
or else he or she may write in
essay style.
5-The Crow IECW reserves the
right to retain all manuscripts
submitted in the contest and to
publish same in various of the
Indian publications.
The essay must contain not
less than 5000 words and not
more than 5000 words. The con-
test will close June 10, 1885, at
500 p. M, and no manuscripts
will be accepted thereafter.
The judges will Judge the essays
and announce the winners of the
contest Saturday, June Is.
The judges reserve the right to
declare the contest null and void
if less than six versions tender
manuscripts in the contest.
Ray Chagnon, junior forester.
will offer further Information to
contestants who desire same.
IECW Office,
Crow Agency, Mont.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1936-05-29
PRIZE ESSAY CONTEST

"A $1,000 cash award will be CIV
EN- to the winner of prize essay
contest on IECW work on Crow
reservation. The prize essay will
be published in Indians at Work.
Photographs of IECW work will be
furnished to accompany the prize
essay submitted to Indians at
Work.
Rules of the Contest
LIVERY present Or former en-
ployee and enrollee is eligible for
this contest.
2.-Indians who cannot speak
English may enter the contest by
having someone else write their
stories.
3.-Two or more persons may
collaborate in the production Of
an essay: but the names of every
contributor must appear under the
authorship or else the essay will
be disqualified.
4.-The writer may write of his
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1936-05-29

Elmer Miller helped VIM. Son.
namaker, Sunday, to put up his
irrigation pump.
Cecil Movers and John Harold
Beckley of the OW visited, Thurs
day, at the James Armstrong
home.
A public meeting was held at
Decker hall, TUESDAY,. for the
purpose Of obtaining work in this
community.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry L. Session
Of Sheridan visited the first part
Of. the week with Mr.. and Mrs.
O. A. Miller.
MRS. James Armstrong visited
over the weekend with her
daughter, Charlotte, at the Joe
Brown ranch at Birney.