davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1936-12-31
RAILROADS AIDED
BY TRAFFIC SPURT
Income for First 10 Months
of 1886 Up 81 Per Cent
Over 1885.
(By Cambridge Associates.)

"Undue and unwarranted pessimism
has colored much Of the public COM
ment and discussion Of railroads in
the United States" Such was the
statement Of J. j. Pelley, president of
the Association of American Railroads,
in an address in Chicago last July.
Considering that Pelley had risen to
his post from the presidency of the
New York, New Haven e. Hartford.
since placed in receivership. his state
ment might have been regarded as
whistling in the dark
1t is not likely, however, that his
audience believed that to be the case.
Despite the fact that over 20 per cent
Of the railroad industry's funded debt
has defaulted since 1929. the record
of the industry as whole in cutting
costs and improving service has been
little short of phenomenal. Returning
traffic levels to the tune of approx
mately Is per cent in 1886, in conse-
quence. brought operations back into
the black for the majority of railroads.
even though rail freight transporta-
tion Is still 30 per cent below that of
1929. From this point on, every mod
crate increase in revenue will be mag
nified in net income because addition
al volume is transportable at rela-
lively small increase in cost
Even the recent refusal of the I. c.
c. to grant an extension of freight
surcharges beyond the close Of 1886
fails to take the bloom from the rose
For railroad executives. while they
may lament the loss Of income. must
admit that the lower rates make it
less likely that other forms of trans
portation will divert traffic.
Evening star., 1936-12-31
Electrical Firms
On Capacity Basis
AS Demand Scars

A. w. Robertson, chairman of the
board. Westinghouse Electric Il Man.
ufacturing Co., says prospects for the
electrical manufacturing industry are
very bright.
practically all divisions are operat-
ing at capacity, and orders in suffi-
cient volume are coming to warrant
an optimistic view for the next several
months. Incoming business is not
confined to any one type of product.
The demand for household goods is
excellent and the public utilities and
industry generally are making SUBJ
stantial purchases.
Notwithstanding many threatening
unpredictable contingencies, there is
evidence that We are moving upward
along more or less typical American
business curve. The upward swing
may continue for considerable time.
1T is now the problem of industry,
Government and individuals to make
certain that the present improvement
will be maintained, to the end that
business conditions in the future will
not be subject to the violent, disastrous
fluctuations experienced in the past"
Evening star., 1936-12-31
NEW RECORD SET
BY POWER USERS
Utilities Industry Expects
Continued Growth Despite
New Regulations.
By Cambridge Associates.

70 ShhASAioec hocoSioscos
At the close of a new record high
year, with evidence that the long
term trend of growth Of electric power
consumption has been resumed at the
same rate existing before the depres-
sion, optimism prevails in the utility
industry. Plans are going forward
for the construction of additional ia
cilities in many parts of the country.
For regardless Of the restrictive legis-
lation of the last four years it Is
quite evident that the industry will
continue to grow for a number Of
years.
In addition to the increased use Of
power, there Is growing tendency to
apply reason and logic to the prob
lens that have been brought to at
tention by inquiry and legislation.
Instead of the general antagonism on
both sides which stirred the early
days of regulatory legislation, there
have recently been gestures" toward
at least Incorporation in the solution
of mutual problems. The Government
Is interested in providing as much
electric power to as many people as
possible; the utilities are mainly con-
cerned with undertaking that which
will produce profit.
Directions of Attack.
Briefly, there are four directions to
the attack on utility companies at
the present time. for two of which
there is some hope of relief by Su-
preme Court decision:
/. The public utility holding COM
pany act of 1885. This requires reg
Stration with the Securities and Ex.
change Commission of all companies
holding more than 10 per cent of the
Evening star., 1936-12-31

voting stock Of another company. It
requires further that dissolution Of
the holding company relationship
shall have been completed by jan
uary l, 1910, unless the company Is
specifically exempted by the commits
sion. And finally 1t prohibits profits
on intercompany services, requiring
them to be furnished at cost to sys-
tenn members.
2. Grants of funds to municipali-
ties by the p. w. A. for construction
OF municipality owned power plants.
A case on this point has reached the
Supreme Court, but was tossed out on
technicality. Meanwhile, no such
loans can be extended.
3. Entrance of the Government into
the power business as a result of
river and harbor improvement, flood
control or conservation. 1t has been
definitely established that the Gov
ernment has right to do this.
4. Compulsory reductions of rates.
Appeals to the Federal Power Com
mission on adverse rulings by State
commissions have in most cases
decided against the utility compares.
No constitutional question appears to
be involved here.
Evening star., 1936-12-31
LUMBER RETAINS
PLACE IN BUILDING
Used in Four Out of Every
Five Residences Built
During 1886.
BY WILSON COMPTON,
National Lumber Manufacturers
Association

Association.
Although 1895 was a good building
year, it turned out to be a disappoint-
ment to those who expected to see a
residential building boom. The actual
building was more in proportion to the
still shrunken dimensions of the ma
tional pocketbook than it was to the
proportions Of the dearth of housing
The will, or at least the desire, to build
and buy was undoubtedly here, but the
ability to satisfy the desire was not. It
begins to be apparent that booms de-
pend as much on capital as on enthu-
Siasm.
The lumber industry, however, has
particular cause for hopefulness by
reason of the prospective national
building situation. The many new
tangled gadgets and fantastic expert
mental proposals for residential con-
struction have not materially retarded
the progress of the substantial build
ing industries of the country. The
manifold activities of industries which
would profit if this country were to
become one Of masonry or metals hous-
ing, have been unable to shake the de-
votion of Americans to lumber-built
homes.
As in the past, four out of every
five residential units this year have
been lumber built. Inasmuch as what
has been done in 1886 has not yet
brought the volume of the lumber bus
iness anywhere near where it was in
the dying days Of the last golden era"
further expansion of activity in the
lumber industry is confidently ex-
pected. We look forward through 1897
to 1888, and possibly 1889, as a period
likely to compare with the activity of
1925 and 1926.
The national lumber consumption in
1887 may reach 26 or 27 billion feet, as
compared to about IL billion feet at
the lowest depression level.
We expect considerable additional
opportunity, much needed, for the re-
of dependent labor.
Production in 1886 is the greatest
since 1930-at the rate Of q, 500 ,000, 900
board feet year, but stocks are not
heavy and the prospects for sustained
activity are the best in the last eight
years.
Evening star., 1936-12-31
SLOWING OF TRADE
UPTURN FORESEEN
Chief of Credit Mems Association
Believes Recovery Will Be
m Couuder Rasis

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, December 31.-Henry
H. .Heimann, executive manager of the
National Association of Credit Men,
foresees a slowing of the rate Of busi-
ness improvement in 1887.
There will continue to be much
replacement of needs developed dur
ing depression years." he says in q
survey at the close of 1886. There
will also be a strong demand for ma
terials to keep abreast of current
trends, particularly in machinery and
housing fields. This activity will
maintain production in both consumer
and durable goods lines at a high
rate.
IF the rate of recovery is some
what slower" he argues, 1T will be
sounder. The real need is to con-
tinue efforts to keep the unit price of
goods as low as possible consistent
with fair returns on capital. This
will make possible increased consumer
demand"
Evening star., 1936-12-31
STEEL HEADS PUSH
EXPANSION PLANS
$340, 900, 900 Spent in Last
Two Years on Better
Mill Equipment.
Ry the Associated Press.

NEW YORK. December 31.-"Im-
provement in the steel industry during
1895 lifted production to the largest
total since 1929 while the number of
employees and wage rates reached the
highest points In the industry's his
tory" says Walter S. Tower, executive
secretary of the American Iron and
Steel Institute.
Steel company earnings did not
increase in proportion to the expansion
in activities, the indicated total for
the year falling below that of 1890
although output was larger by q wide
margin.
production of steel ingots for the
year is estimated at 47,700,00O tons,
compared with 35.900.000 in 1885.
This total made 1886 the third largest
year in steel production, being ex-
ceeded only in 1923 and 1929. The
1929 peak was 81 10000 tons.
For 1886. it is estimated that the
steel industry's net earnings will
amount to about $3.50 0.000, 900, repre-
senting return of per cent on in
vested capital, compared with As per
cent in 1880 and 1914 per cent in 1929.
ut has been putting its house in
order for the future, spending about
$340, 600 900 on new construction and
equipment during 1885 and 1886.
''The most significant development
affecting facilities has been the further
construction of new continuous wide
strip mills. Three Of these new mills
were put in operation In 1886 and con-
struction is under way, or about to be
started, for six more.
"The industry enters 1887 in the
confidence that it has not only kept
pace with its markets but that 1t has
foreseen future needs and has made
preparations to meet them"
Evening star., 1936-12-31

Year End Riddles
For Business Men
BY the Associated Press.

6y tne AsSoClhted FrebS.
NEW YORK. December 81
Some Of the questions asked by
business and finance at the year
end:
Has recovery proceeded too
fast?
viii q substitute N. r. A. be
enacted?
How much longer will interest
rates hold at record low levels? q
Is imitation under way, and, II
so, can 1t be checked from de-
veloping into another specula-
tive boom?
How many unemployed remain
and how rapidly can they be put
back to work?
Evening star., 1936-12-31
Gay Emphasizes
Dangers Of Rapid
Credit Expansion
BY the Associated Press,

NEW YORK, December 31.-Charles
r. Gay. president of the New York
Stock Exchange. in year-end state
ment today said the chief problem
facing the Nation was to avoid too
sudden or too full use" of its swollen
bank deposits and credit resources.
His comment reminded financial
observers Of recent discussion on ap-
plying Federal controls to prevent an
other speculative boom based on credit
expansion from use Of a vast supply
of idle bank funds.
Gay pointed out that rising security
prices, although accomplished sub
stantially without use of bank loans.
have been sufficiently impressive TO
give concern in some quarters lest the
problems Of the previous era of pros
perlty might reappear."
Evening star., 1936-12-31
FURTHER RISE EXPECTED
IN STEEL FABRICATION
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, December 31.-V. G..
Iden. secretary of the American In
stitute of Steel Construction, says a
further IS per cent increase is ex-
pected in 1887 in steel fabricating
business.
A 40 per cent gain in 1886. he
notes in review Of the year, marked
the first great improvement from
the depression low" of the industry.
Fabricated shipments for the year, he
reported, totaled about 100000 tons,
compared with 100000 in 1929.
Evening star., 1936-12-31
SALARIES INCREASED.

NEW YORK, December 81 R.-
Great Western Sugar Co. announced
salary increase Of per cent and
a bonus distribution. to be made next
month, of S per cent of 1885 salaries.
Evening star., 1936-12-31
French Suspicious.

French government policies are not
trusted by the wealthy in a bid for
boarded gold. The situation is not
auspicious for sale Of new issue gov
eminent bonds.
Evening star., 1936-08-13

agency here and by representatives OF
the Jesuit order. Back in 1840 Father
De Smet, a Jesuit missionary, came
through the Bighorns accompanied
by Indian guides on his way to the
Flatheads and Nez Perces to the
northward. The country at that time
was mostly unmapped and it often
was necessary for travellers to take
their directions from the stars.
Now it was an ancient Crow Indian
custom for scouting parties to leave
lines of white stones with a pile OF
stones some distance removed from
one end in the line of sight as guide
for the warriors following behind
them. The Jesuit missionary appar-
entlv knew of this custom and dupli-
Gated it for parties of priests who
might come after him-but he gave it
a symbolic as well as practical
significance.
| Directional Importance.
In the first place, it enabled any
one familiar with the practice to 1nd
the four points of the compass. Sec
ondly, the line of sight not only was
due north, but also. by chance, exactly
toward a long since vanished mission
which Father De Smet had set up in
valley miles away. 1t may well have
been possible to see this mission on
clear day by sighting the cross. And
in the third place, it pointed the way
for Christianity-northw to the
still heather tribes.
The work of placing the heavy
stones must have been enormous and
hardly possible for one man. The
assumption is that the priest was
aided by his Indian guides who were
recent converts and fanatically de-
voted to their new faith.
This explanation for the great
stone cross has been arrived at largely
by process of elimination for, as far
as can be ascertained, the priest him.
self made no reference to the work in
his writings. Plans have been dis
cussed for placing fence around 1t
to preserve it as a possible future
shrine of religious history.
Curiously enough, the mountain
pastures contain hundreds Of smaller
cruciixes built in the same way, but
without the exact orientation. The
history Of these is known. They are
known as sheep herders' monu-
ments." The majority of shepherds
In the Big Horns used to be Moravians.
an intensely religious people. One Of
them would live alone in the open
for weeks at time. He would make
one of these white crosses as an act
of devotion and as way Of passing
the time. Then he would move to a
new pasture and forget about 1t.
Evening star., 1936-08-13
Cross Guides Indians
Missionary Credited With Stone Compass
in Grow Reservation.

He got job in the Indian Service
as q boys trade instructor. He spent
his vacations studying art-but he
had to make living and the oppor-
tunity never came. He ended up as
the Crow reservation blacksmith-and
tnere isn't opportunity for artistry in
horseshoes.
Last Summer he underwent a seri-
Gus surgical operation. He was in
capacitated from blacksmithing for
months. He turned to art again to
pass away the time. Plans were
underway at that time for developing
the reservation for visitors and
Afraid-of-a-bear's paintings on wood
seemed just the thing. He had his
opportunity at last.
So Sam McLane set up his studio
IN the blacksmith's shop-an artist
at last.
tcopyright, 1896, BY The Evening Star
Newspaper Co..
Evening star., 1936-08-13


| One of the greatest foot ball players
in the history Of the game was Afraid
of-a-bear, Carlisle fullback in 1907.
Exendine was a halfback that year.
Jim Thorpe was a sub on the team.
Afraid-of-a-bear got columns OF
space in the papers that year. He
was a marked man wherever he went
Afaird-of-a-bear's heart was not in
foot ball. He looked to higher things.
| Today 300-pound Sam McLane sits
in corner of his blacksmith shop on
the Crow reservation here and paints
landscapes on wood-realistic and
artistically executed pictures Of elk
herds, bison hunts, forest fires, Indian
battles, fields of flowers, snow-covered
mountain peaks. He always has been
highly dissatisfied with the conven-
tional painting Of the Battle Of the
Little Big Horn and has recently
painted it according to his own con-
ception. It hangs in the Custer Mu-
scum on the battle field.
Sam McLane and Afraid of -a-bear
are the same man, with an interval
of 80 years. He told the story of his
life the other day. Always during his
foot ball career he wanted to be an
artist Whenever the Carlisle team
visited another college he spent his
time of the field in the art collec-
tions. They didn't teach art at Car.
Isle. They taught him the black
smiths trade.
Evening star., 1936-08-13
This Is the last OF q series OF noe
articles on the rehabilitation OF the
CroU Indians.

GfLtcteS OH tNe TcftoOHtSottob " WV
Crow Indians.
BY THOMAS r. HENRY,
star Correspondent Of The Star.
CROW AGENCY, Mont. August
l3.-Shaggy black bison trample over
the great stone cross, and munching
sheep keep the grass and mountain
asters from hiding 1t.
This enormous crucifix In cloud
wrapped pasture Of the Bighorn
Mountains hasn't yet gotten into
guide books and is known only to
Indians and sheep herders. It is
formed Of white stones set closely to-
gether in the earth. The longest por-
ton of the cross measures about 100
feet. Each arm Is about Is feet long.
At the foot is large pile Of white
stones. The curious thing about it is
that the upright points directly north
and south and one always can sight
the North Star along it by looking
over the pile of stones which serve as
the sights of a rifle.
This obviously Intentional exact
orientation argues against Christian
origin for the mysterious crucifix, but
it is explained by facts recently un-
covered by employees at the Indian
Evening star., 1936-08-13
"PEACHES" HEENAN WINS
ROUND IN ESTATE FIGHT

E-W1te OF browning Upneld py
Supreme Court in Attempt to
Fix Dover Rights.
ny tht Associated Press.
NEW YORK. August l3-The
claim Of Mrs. Frances Heenan Hynes
Of Denver, Colo, the former Peaches"
Browning, to be the legal widow Of
Edward w. Daddy" Browning was
upheld yesterday in Supreme Court
in her suit to measure her dover
rights in his real estate holdings.
His fortune is estimated at $4,000, 900.
Mrs. Dorothy Sunshine" Browning
Hood Of North Carolina, Browning's s
adopted daughter, and the Title
Guarantee & Trust Co., executor Of
his will. contended Brownin's 1924
Paris divorce from his first wife,
Adele Lowen Browning, had no
effect.
Mrs. Hynes successfully contended
that the separation suit brought
against her by Browning resulted in a
Supreme Court ruling that they were
man and wife and legally separated
them.
Evening star., 1936-08-13
THOMAS HITS COUGHLIN

WATERvILLE, Me, Aug. 13 CP.-
Norman Thomas, Socialist candidate
for the presidency, characterized yes
terday Rev. Charles E. Coughlin's
campaign in behalf of the National
Union for Social Justice as "Na1 emo
tionalism."
"Amuse yourself sometime" he told
a local gathering, by comparing the
IS points of the National Union for
Social Justice with the "a points when
Hitler was coming into power"
Evening star., 1936-08-13

EOLKS argued about beer in bottles and
l. beer in cans until maybe you're little
bit confused. But now the debate is ended.
Now the Cap Sealed Can has taken the best
features of can and bottle and combined
them in one simple, ideal container, custom.
buih for beer.
Easy to open, easy to pour, easy to drink
out of Qfrom clean, cap-protected, sanitary
opening), the Cap Sealed Can brings you
all the original delicious brewery flavor,
Evening star., 1936-08-13

Does your present refrigerator give
you al the ice cubes you want3
is your present refrigerator Begin
Evening star., 1936-09-29
Illinois Central
Volume at Best
Level Since 1881
nv tie Associate Press

BY tie Associated Press.
NEW YORK, September 29.-Stat-
ing Illinois Central System is hand
ling more business this year than in
any other year since 1881, L. A.
Downs, president, said today improve
ment represents general gains in
most major commodity groups"
Our 1886 revenue passed SIS, ,000, 600
In the second week of September" :"
Downs said.
TN previous years this mark was
not reached until the second week of
October, in 1885, the fourth week in
October. in 1884, the second week in
November in 1888, and the fourth
week of October in 1882. In 1881 it
was reached in the third week Of
August"
Our August freight traffic, meas
ured in carloads handled, was less
than 2 per cent below 1881 and was
higher than for any intermediate
year. The final week of August and
the first three weeks of September
were the best comparable weeks since
1880"
Compared with last year, eight
month gross of $72, ,531 900 repre-
sents an increase Of II per cent. eight
months net operating income of So
$4,000, and increase of AZ per cent"
he said.
Evening star., 1936-09-29
TAYLOR CHEERED
BY STEEL OUTLOOK
Board Chairman of U. S.
Steel Points to Progress
in Many Nations.
BY rne Associated Press.

NEW YORK, September 29.-My-
ron c. Taylor, chairman of the Board
of Directors Of the United States
Steel Corp, returned from Europe
yesterday TO predict a favorable out.
look for the steel industry of the
world.
Our industry is doing very well
on the whole" Taylor said, referring
to steel output in the United States,
land the steel industry in Europe
is doing as well-especially in Eng
land"
The 62-year r-old financier returned
from combined vacation and busi-
ness trip on the Continent aboard
the liner Normandie.
"Third-quarter operations in re-
spect to steel tonnage should make
favorable comparison with the sec
ond-quarter output" Taylor said. i
am glad to make this statement in
asmuch as production has been sus-
tanned, especially when due consid-
Grafton is given to the vacation period
granted employees with pay during
the preceding quarter"
Taylor declined to discuss the pos
sibility Of increased prices or rails.
ing the wages of steel workers.
But, he added, the statement made
recently by an Official Of the Car
negie-Illinois Steel Corp. that "I don't
think the time Is economically ripe
to raise the wages" was q fair"
statement.
Evening star., 1936-09-29
FEDERAL LAND BANKS
NEW YORK. September 90 (Pl-Federal
and Band bonds:
CHICAGO PRODUCE.

CHICAGO, September 20 lP.-Poultry,
live. 81 trucks: easy: hens; 4l2 pounds up;
90; less than Ala pounds. is; Leghorn
hens. 13: Springs 4 pounds I'D. Plymouth
Rock 1872: White Rock. 1712: colored, y :;
less than pounds. Plymouth Rock. 16l3;
White Rock Is; colored- 1914; Plymouth
and White Rock broilers. 1871; colored. ! 5;
bareback and Leghorn chickens I3;
IA; young white ducks. "a pounds up,
1914; young colored. 13: small white
ducks. 13: colored. IL old geese, ID;
young. 15; roosters. IA Leshorn ROSTERS,
Butter. $50: weak. Creamery-Specials
(93 scoreJ 33a331a; extras (92). 32l2;
extra firsts (90-9D, 3134a3e; hrsts 5ss;;
cariots. 32. Eggs, 4.9s1; easy; prices un-
Potatoes. 6s: on track. 2s2; total y. 9.
shipments, 395: steady; supplies liberal:
for other. Sacked per cwt.: Idaho. Russet
gnrSankfi isrSe r. sdss5 sS s. com@erela
1.75aS5; U. S.. No. 2. 1.50; Washington,
Russet. Burbanks, y. s; No ]; washed
commercial grade, l car, 1.25; Colorado.
Red McClures. U. S. No; L. 00a2O; Ne
braska, Bliss Triumphs. U. S. No. l, 80:
wisconsin, Cobblers. u. 8. No. l. 1.70;
fine quality, large. 1.75aS0: Minnesota.
Cobblers, q. S No. 1. .65a70: North Da-
kota. Bliss Triumphs. U. S. No. l. so;
North Dakota. Cobblers. U. S. No. l. 1.70.