davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1936-04-16

Historians, writing century hence,
probably will see more clearly.
The fact is that, beginning about 1917,
there has been steady development of
the power Of the Federal authority at
the expense of community self-govern-
ment. American participation in "the
war to make the world safe for democ-
racy" established pattern which has
been confirmed under the influence of
arbitrary adventures intended to nqui-
date the depression. The theory has
been that nothing less than the national
state is competent to deal with such is
sues. Meanwhile, Mrs. Jones waits for
her -four. An order from Washington
has to be solicited and obtained before
the relief agents can accommodate her.
Ten thousand little stories out of the
luStrate the case. For instance: In a
Pennsylvania village a few days ago a
group of neighborS stood watching a
stream in flood. Regretfully, they re-
allied that the waters would not rise
high enough to suit their desire. Their
homes would not be inundated. Farther
down the valley another community
would have better luck"-the river
would invade another Main street.
Back Of the villagers anxiety lay tele-
gram from Congressman which read:
Advise Immediately what damage so
may urge Federal help in adequate
amount"
Cynics may smile, those who hate lib
erty rejoice. But the difficulty remains.
Slowly. step by step. day by day, vast
and far-reaching mutation is occurring;
the focal point of social organization and
responsibility is shifting. Whether the
event be for good or i'll still is to be
determined. Thoughtful citizens will
watch it with interest.
Evening star., 1936-04-16
Defeat 1t Fairly.

The Star believes the rent control bill
should be defeated in the House because
of its questionable constitutionality be-
cause there is no rental emergency" in
the District today compared with the
real emergency of the war days which
prompted the original rental legislation;
because the present bill will probably be
as ineffective in reducing rents as the
war time legislation on which it is based,
and because it Will have the effect OF
penalizing the majority Of landlords, who
are conscientious and fair to tenants, in
order to get at the few rascalS possibly
to be shown as proflteers.
1t is not believed that the legislation
will succeed in remedying the sort OF
landlord-tenant disputes which may
have produced the sentiment in favor OF
it, and the bill is plainly discriminatory
in favor of the owner OF new construc-
ton, to which its provisions will not
apply, as against the owner OF property
rented previous to the proposed passage
OF dCIG 1IlCIS OIAACA NNJSNSAOAAS
to the bill which have been voiced in
these columns before.
Nonetheless, The Star commends the
House Rules Committee for its action in
giving rule and preferred status to the
rent bill, which has been denied the fair
test of vote in the House to which it
is entitled.
The bill should be disposed OF in order
that dilatory tactics used in the past
three District days to block it will not
serve to postpone fair consideration OF
other District measures emanating from
the House District Committee.
Action of the House Rules Committee
In granting a special rule to Representa-
tive Norton comes as evidence Of long
delayed recognition by the House leaders
of her sincere efforts in behalf OF local
legislation as chairman of the important
House District Committee, responsible
ity she has discharged in the face OF
extraordinarily annoying opposition.
Evening star., 1936-04-16
s.Staf Talks

When Germany remllltari1ed the
Rhineland she did not destroy the Lo-
carno treaty. She merely transformed
it into a defensive alliance among Great
Britain, France and Belgium. To give
effect to the situation thus created, their
respective general STATS have just be-
gun a series of talks" designed to lay
the groundwork for joint military, naval
gency. It is an open secret that the
three countries have in mind the con-
tingency of possible aggression by Ger
many. The Nazi government at first
made such vigorous objections to the
conversations that it was feared that
unless they were abandoned the Ger
mans might abstain from discussion OF
a revised European peace structure.
The London talks" are said to deal
primarily with the protection OF Belgium.
Gen. Gamelin, chief of the French staff,
has reputedly expressed confidence that
the great Maginot line OF Notifications
will enable him to resist German at
tack. France is chiefly interested in
knowing to what extent Britain accepts
responsibility for assisting the Belglans
"a task looked upon as mainly the con-
cern of the British. London is not dis
inclined to accept this view of the strate-
gic problem and it is expected to form
the principal basis of the allies talks" !"
British plans again to come to Belgium's
rescue naturally contemplate use OF
French ports, airdromes and railroads
All and sundry associated with such re-
ouirements are now to be Studiously
canvassed.
Considering the political and military
consequences of the German plan OF
operations in 1914, it is understandable
that in another Franco-German conflict
the Reichs army would not seek to
hack its way through Belgium" In
France there is an inclination to expect
that the brunt of the first furious on
sIaught would have to be borne near
the southern end of the Maglnot line,
including an air attack directed from
Lake Constance toward Lyon, with its
threat to Frances central industrial
stronghold. In other words, France is
said to speculate on the possibility of
an invasion through Switzerland, and is
therefore all the more anxious to be
assured of what the British can do to
protect her left flank in Belgium.
1t may strike outside observers as al
most cynical inconsistency that while
Europe eagerly debates plans for peace
three powers should have their heads
together openly cogitating over measures
for war. But Britain. France and Bel
gium are considering palpably defensive
schemes carrying a menace only to
would-be aggressors. Unless Germany
cherishes certain designs, which Fuehrer
Hitler loses no opportunity to disavow,
the Reich has no reason for alarm over
the London talks" They are hand
writing on the wall only for those whom
they may some day concern.
Evening star., 1936-04-16
STARS, MEN AND ATOMS
Notebook of Science Progress in Field,
Laboratory and Study.
BY THOMAS r. HENRY.

ably formed an important article of diet
for paleolithic man.
~ -
Cosmic rays may be used to weigh the
dust between the stars.
This suggestion is contained in a
report submitted to the National Acad-
emy of Sciences by DR.. F. Zwicky of the
California Institute of Technology.
The validity of the suggestion de-
pends, DR.. Zwicky points out, on the
thesis that this most penetrating of all
radiation originates outside the vast
Milky Way galaxy, of which the sun
and billions Of other stars are a part
perhaps in the island universes which
lay millions Of light years distant across
empty space.
If such is the case it must pass through
the galaxy to reach the earth. A part
OF 1t will be absorbed by the dust and
gas particles which fill the great tracts
Of space between the stars. The further
it travels and the thicker the dust the
more 1t will be absorbed.
NOW the solar system lies about half
way between the center and one edge
OF the disc-ike Milky Way galaxy. If
the thesis is correct, DR.. Zwicky holds,
eAiCi1 tlIC COclIllC TdQldUlOll COIIl!IlS IIOILI
the direction of the center of the galaxy,
which has passed three-fourths of the
way through it before reaching the
earth, should be appreciably weaker than
that which comes from the direction Of
the edge.
This would be true, even if the cosmic
dust were Of equal thickness throughout
the galaxy. There is considerable evi-
dence, however. for the belief that it is
much thicker toward the center than in
the neighborhood of the solar system.
The thicker the inter-stellar matter the
more cosmic radiation would be abb
sorbed.
Hence, DR.. Zwicky points out, the rel
ative intensity of the radiation picked up
from different directions should afford
measure of the actual amount of inter
stellar matter through which it has
passed and astronomers should be able
to check on conclusions arrived at from
other considerations.
1t now Is generally believed that this
cosmic dust, extremely tenuous through
the vast reaches of inter-stellar space,
contributes to the total mass of the
system as much as all the stars and
planets.
He proposes that preliminary OBJ
ServationS. to test the hypothesis, be
undertaken in Eastern Australia and
New Zealand. which are ideally located
for testing the directional effects.
Evening star., 1936-04-16

Many eminent minds have come from
Ohio. Old Governor Bill Allen did not
leave his native State and his memory
Is lost in the misty distances of time.
He said one thing that might relate
to the present tendency to apply per-
functory actuarial standards in limit
ing human usefulness. In response to
an inquiry as to his years, he answered:
1T makes no difference how long a
man has lived. The question is what S
left of him"
Evening star., 1936-04-16

Fig trees bloomed and fruited in the
neighborhood Of Washington $4,000, 900
years ago.
Identification of one Of the most
nearly perfect fossil figs ever discovered,
obtained from an Eocene geological
formation at Belvedere Beach on the
Virginia shore of the Potomac, is re-
ported in the current issue Of the Jour-
nal of the Washington Academy Of
Sciences by DR.. Edward w. Berry OF
Johns Hopkins University.
1t dates from the time when warm
blooded animals were first appearing on
earth, is one of the first remnants OF q
land plant yet found in this formation
in Maryland and Virginia and leads to
interesting speculations on the climate
and the insect population here at that
time. Figs dating from slightly earlier
period have been found elsewhere in the
world, but for the most part the speci-
mems have been so unsatisfactory that
they throw little light on the ancestors
Of the race.
The presence Of this fruit, DR.. Berry
says, indicates that the climate Of this
part of North America must have been
slightly warmer than at present, although
by no means tropical. 1t also raises the
question OF the existence Of wasps
similar to the insects Of today at that
remote period. Most cultivated figs Of
the present must be fertilized by wasps
carrying pollen from blossom to blossom
in order. to bear fruit.
Fossil finds already have indicated
that the Eocene period had an extensive
vegetation in Western North America
and along the shores of a Mississippi
embayment extending far into the conti-
nent. These finds at Belvedere Beach
and discoveries of fruit and seeds in
Vermont, however, yield the first evidence
that the Eastern part Of the country
had an extensive flora.
There are now, DR.. Berry points out,
402 named species of fossil figs, extend
ing from the early Eocene through the
relatively recent ice ages. Their distri-
button indicates that this species of fruit
grew quite generally through the warmer
parts Of the temperate zone and prob
Evening star., 1936-04-16
A Rhyme at Twilight
By
Gertrude Brooke Hamilton

A Tramp.
Tramping the fields in an April shower,
Drenched by the warm, sweet rain,
STOPPING to pluck meadow flower
Blooming amid young grain;
Catching the rhythm of water falling
Out of the heavens above;
Sensing the thrill Of a song bird calling,
Calling his lady love.
DuSk-and a South wind, wild and
fragrant,
Blowing the clouds away;
Tramping on home, a happy vagrant-
Hobo for one wet day.
Evening star., 1936-04-16

to the Buckeye State since he went there
in flood time to make an address in
youngstown. The Ohio primary falls on
May II, and Borah plans to spend the
last week in the State campaigning. He
is encouraged by his showing in Illinois,
although he lost to Knox. and believes
that what he did in Illinois will have its
effect in the Ohio primary, where he is
opposed by a favorite-son candidate,
Robert Taft, son of the late President
and Chief Justice. Mrs. Nicholas Long
worth, widow of the late Speaker and
daughter Of the late President Theodore
Roosevelt, is on the Taft slate of dele
gates and against Borah's slate. In the
light Of the campaign of 1912, the sup
port Of a son Of william Howard Taft
by a daughter of Theodore Roosevelt is
an indication of the strange twists that
politics sometimes takes.
Evening star., 1936-04-16
Shooting Stars.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
leadership.

what do you think of leading new
party?"
my friend" replied Senator Sorghum,
you don't appreciate the value of a
good old trade mark. A new party is
bound to lack prestige. A successful
leader must find way to persuade an
old party to adopt new ideas"
Evening star., 1936-04-16
The Weather Man.

The Weather Man.
At last the Weather Man draws near
With tidings strictly pleasant,
He brings no threat that seems severe
At least none for the present.
Though joy he often may dispel
Like some unfriendly wizard,
We know full well he will not tell
OF any further blizzard.
Evening star., 1936-04-16
The Airport Bill.

Final passage of the airport BILL judged
by past occurrences in the matter OF
such legislation, does not offer much new
hope for successful settlement of the air
port question. 1t creates a commission
composed of three members Of the House,
three members Of the Senate and three
members to be appointed by the Presl-
dent, supplies the commission with Slo'-
900 for the hire of experts, half to
come from local revenues and half to
come from national revenues-and Or
ders it to select the best site for an
airport. But it does not attempt to bind
Congress to the selection. suggesting
repetition of the same old squabbles that
have dogged selection of sites in the past.
But this much is to be said: The bill
is fairer than some of the other propo-
sitions advanced, in recognizing the joint
financial responsibility of the United
States and the District. The tact that
the selection of site is not arbitrarily
limited to exclude such sites as GraVelly
Point means that Gravelly Point Will
receive, with other sites, continued 1alr
study. And if the joint commission will
exert itself in the careful elimination OF
sites proposed by interested real estate
owners and center its undivided attention
on the possible acquisition Of site OF
greatest utility and convenience as
National Capital airport, the argument
1t presents to Congress in the form OF
q report is likely to be more effective
than some of the arguments OF the past.
Evening star., 1936-04-16

President Roosevelts speech cannot
fail to call attention to flaming youth"
as one of those things that are admirable
while they last. There is still force In
the observation of the poet Young,
AT thirty man suspects himself fool,
knows it at forty and reforms his plan"
Evening star., 1936-04-16

The initials which imply deputized
authority have become so numerous as
to indicate possible need Of pressing
into executive service some individuals
who were qualified by nature to be only
lid.sitters.
Evening star., 1936-04-16

A young man from Missouri won a
prize in radio contest for the best
essay on How to Keep Out of War"
The discovery that it is a plagiarism
is resented, although question is raised
as to whether prize contestant has
not the right to use old stuff or a ghost
writer, the same as radio comedian.
Evening star., 1936-04-16
Honest Admiration.

"You are very deferential toward
traffic policeman"
"I try to show proper respect for su-
perior wisdom" said Mr.. Chuggins. "He
is one of the few men who knows all the
driving regulations as fast as they hap
pen."
Evening star., 1936-04-16

A new system of postage stamps
has been called for which does not
depict war heroes. Debunking all postage
stamps is too much to ask P. M. G.
Farley to undertake in such crowded
hours as these.
Evening star., 1936-04-16

In order to enhance the happiness OF
the farmer it is proposed to provide him
with electric lights by which to read his
pay checks. Reduced rates on fountain
pens would also facilitate the work of
signing receipts.
Evening star., 1936-04-16

Differences of opinion have arisen in
strange ways on many subjects. But
it has still been possible to hold an
Easter parade with unanimous consent.
Evening star., 1936-04-16
The Songs Give Proof.

From the Worcester Gazette.
A prominent crooner contends that no
one can write good song on an empty
stomach. Apparently the starvation
problem along Tin Pan Alley is more
acute than is generally supposed.
Evening star., 1936-04-16

There are still watch dogs OF the
Treasury" in public life, but some OF
them begin to fear kinship with the
faithful friend of Mother Hubbard who
heard only the bad news.
Evening star., 1936-04-16

One of the things flaming youth needs
always to learn is to beware the arts
of himhamming old age.
Evening star., 1936-04-16
mi Other states and Canada.
Member of the Associated Press.

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to
the use for republication OF al news dispatches
credited to II not otherwise credited in this
paper and also the local news published herein.
herein are also reserved
Evening star., 1936-04-16
Optimists.

OPIIIIIISIe'
From the Jackson (Mieh) Citizen Patriot.
The United States has one filling sta
ton or garage to every mile and half
of paved highway. Yet some people can
succeed in running out Of gas halfway
between.
Evening star., 1936-04-16
PLAYING Rough.

Playing Rough.
The things our present authors write
Are frequently most impolite.
The intellectual game grows tough,
With Genius trying to play rough.
Jud Tunkins says one way to lose a
friend is to try too hard to help him.
It makes him think you regard yourself
as knowing more about his business
than he does.
The Traffic.
Life's like the traffic past the door,
Where none dare be faint-hearted.
It scarce gets through one jam before
Another one is started.
"Poets," said Hi Ho, the sage OF China
town, ARE deceitful. They often speak
the truth and pretend it is only imagi-
nation"
Influence Humble, Yet Mighty.
"They also serve who only stand and
wait"
It is proverb still quite up to date.
They who stand up and cheer bid base
ball thrive,
And serve to keep the Glorious Game
4 alive.
"De man wifi big voice" said Uncle
Eben, "kin be mighty useful same as Q
locomotive whistle. But It's mistake
to expect to git fur wifi de whistle as de
only reliable part of de machinery"
Evening star., 1936-04-16
Nursery Propaganda,

From the Christian Science Monitor
How long will it be before children's
alphabet blocks are considered Demo-
cratic propaganda?
Evening star., 1936-04-16

Those Spanish Castles.
From the Boston Transcript.
Castles in Spain are not being built,
but pulled down.
Evening star., 1936-04-16
Nfgbf Final Edition.

Night Final ano Sunday Star----70c per mont
Night Final ava - oss ss.S per mHrtf mSnif
Orders may be sent by mail or telephone Ma
tiopal 5000.
Evening star., 1936-04-16

Rate by Man-Payable in Advance.
Evening star., 1936-04-16

braska primaries on Tuesday are giving
the politicians plenty of food for thought.
President Roosevelt appears to have
rolled up a big vote in the Democratic
presidential primary in both States-un-
opposed. Senator Borah, while losing the
preference primary in Illinois to Col.
Knox, a favorite-son candidate, never
theless rolled up an imposing number Of
votes and is likely to have some Is
Illinois delegates in the national con-
vention. With no organization to back
him, Borah faced Col. Knox, who was
backed by the Republican organization.
In Nebraska Borah had no opposition in
the presidential primary-for Gov. Lam
don of Kansas declined to go into the
race against Borah. Landon supporters
wrote in the Kansas Governors name,
however, on a large number Of ballots,
and 1t is predicted that number of the
delegates on the first ballot will sup
port Landon, notwithstanding the vote
for Borah in the preference primary.
The next test for Borah in State pri-
mary comes April %, in Pennsylvania.
He is the sole entrant there in the presi-
Dental preference primary on the Re-
publican side. The Republican organ
ization, however, is intent upon sending
an uninStructed delegation and has an
nounced its delegates do not intend to
be bound by the primary result. Presi-
dent Roosevelt is entered in the Demo-
cratic primary, and he will have the
opposition of the anti-Roosevelt Demo-
Gratis, who are expected to vote for Col.
Breckinridge. Breckenridge has been
campaigning recently in Pennsylvania.
The colonel is also entered in the New
Jersey and Ohio primaries against
Roosevelt.
X
Senator Borah yesterday accepted an
invitation to speak in Columbus, Ohio,
on April 30. This will be his flrst visit
Evening star., 1936-04-16
ANSWERS TO
QUESTIONS
By Frederic ]. Haskin,

A reader can get the dnswer to any
question OF fact by tOriting The WashingA
ton EUentng Star Information Bureau,
Frederic J. HaSItn, Director, Woshinq- !
tom d. C. Please tncIose stamp for reply.
Q. What percentage of possible total
vote was cast in 1923 and 1920. MA,
A. The percentages of potential voters
actually voting in 1928 and 1892 were as
follows: 1928, 62.3 per cent; 1882, 5s14
per cent.
Evening star., 1936-04-16

O. Have many Jewish refugees from
Germany gone to PaleStine?-H. H.
A. A statistical analysis shows that
36,372 Jews from Germany entered Pal
estine from January, 1888, to December,
1885.
Evening star., 1936-04-16
Rate by Carrier Within the City.

Regular Edition.
Evening star., 1936-04-16

@. What was the name Of the boy who
was hanged for mutiny whose father was
a cabinet member?-P. F.
A. John c. Spencer. He was mid
shipman and was hanged for plotting
mutiny on the u. S. S. brig Somers. His
father was Secretary of War in Presi.
dent Tyler's administration.
Q. Have any famous books been writ.
ten entirely in Shorthand?-E. H.
A. The Gregg Writer says that the
diary of Samuel Pepys, first published
in six volumes in 1925, was written en-
tirely in shorthand.
Evening star., 1936-12-20
PLATE GLASS STRIKE
STILL is DEADL0CKED
Workers Spokesman Says Com
pany Representative Walked Out
on Mediation Session.
" the Associated Press.

Py the Associated Press.
PITTSBURGH, December 1s.-The
strike in five plants Of the Pittsburgh
Plate Glass Co. continued in dead
lock tonight as Glen w. McCabe,
president of the Federation Of Flat
Glass Workers, charged company
representatives walked out" Of q
meeting arranged by Federal labor
mediators.
There was no date set for a future
conference to end the eight-week
strike of 5000 employees Of the COM
pany in plants in Mount Vernon,
Ohio: Clarksburg, w. "; Henryetta,
Okla; Ford City and Creighton. Pa.
"They offered us scent increase
and we rejected It," McCabe said.
Then, when we brought up the pref
erential closed shop agreement. they
walked out. They (the company
representatives, said there was an
agreement that was not to be brought
up" he added.
Fred ]. Keightly. labor relations
representative for the company, de-
clined comment, which he said would
have to come from Howard T. Colvn,
Federal Labor Department conciliator.
Colvin said only that the meeting
ended without setting Of q date Tor
future conferences.