davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-05-14
Birchdaie

Mr.. and Mrs. George Schwanke
and family spent Sunday afternoon
and were supper guests at the ia
cob Hartung home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ira Lyon and
grandchildren and Mrs. Roy Lyon
were Sunday afternoon visitors at
Melrose.
Mrs. Mae Anderson and sons,
Floyd, Erwin and Albert, and
daughter, Loretta, Mr.. and Mrs.
Marvin Marshall and family, of
Sank Centre, and Mr.. and Mrs.
Boyd Ilgen and sons spent Sunday
afternoon at the o. F. Ilgen home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Wilbur Guse and
family were visitors at the Emil
Strassburg home Sunday.
Julius Trumble, of Long Prairie,
spent one evening last week with
his mother, Mrs. Vesta Trumble.
Ronald Stewart called at the O..
F. Ilgen home Monday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ewalt Schwanke
and family spent Friday evening at
Wilbur Guse's.
Edward Oldham spent Sunday
evening at the Mrs. Mae Anderson
home.
Mr. and Mrs. Max Wagnar and
family were Sunday dinner guests
a. the Albert Chase home at Swan
vile.
Richard Otte and. Jesse Martin
spent Sunday evening at Hartung's.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ivan Lyon and
baby spent Sunday afternoon at
the Paul Rohde home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ira Lyon visited
last Sunday afternoon at the Otto
Samuelson home at Kandota.
Mr.. and Mrs. AL. Harmeling and
family were dinner guests at the
Ted Schmitz home Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Christ Lentz spent
Sunday with the lady's parents and
family. Mr.. and Mrs. Ben Otte.
Henry Johnson, of Minneapolis,
and Mrs. Bob Elliott, of Sank Gen.
tire, were Friday morning callers
at the o. F. Ilgen home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ivan Lyon and
daughter, Roma, visited Thursday
evening with Mr.. and Mrs. Wilbur
Guse.
Mrs. Vesta Trumble and son,
Lester, and daughter, Violet, spent
Sunday afternoon at the Paul
Rachey home.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-05-14
Stiles

Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Unger, Of
st. Cloud, and Frank Unger and
daughter, REGIME, of Sank Centre,
were supper guests at the Leo Un-
ger home Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Herman Kemper
and family spent Sunday afternoon
with the John Kemper family at
Melrose.
Mrs. Mary Miller and Mile Van
Week, Of Sank Centre, were visit
ors at the Adolph Michley home on
Sunday.
Herbert Parker was a dinner
guest at the Wilson Swift home
Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Paul Guelsow and
Mr.. and Mrs. John Reble attended
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-05-14

home Sunday afternoon.
A large number Of young folks
from this community attended the
dance at the Ben Cites Friday.
George Ertle called at the Anton
Bieringer home Monday.
The ball game at the Detterman
home Sunday afternoon was large
ly attended.
Louise, John, Joe, Ben and Ed
ward Bieringer and Ralph Schloe-
gle called at the Joe Schloegle
home Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lawrence Schieffer
and family, from Clarissa, spent
Thursday afternoon and were sup
per guests at the Anton Bieringer-
home.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-05-14

Otto Blank, Dorothy and Betty
called at the Gust Emblom home
Thursday evening.
Mrs. John Steinbauer called on
Mrs. Conrad Freeberg Friday.
Henry Baldwin and John Kortan
were callers at the Blank home on
Saturday.
Ed Becker and family called at
the Berry home Saturday.
Mrs. Jonas Eckberg visited with
her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Herman
Lying, and Mr.. and Mrs. Alvin
Eckberg. Wednesday.
Mrs. Helmer SEVERN visited with
Mrs. Ben Detterman Sunday.
School in District 40 ended last
week with a picnic at Cedar Lake.
Mrs. Ole Trones called on Mrs.
Olaf Samuelson on Thursday.
Evelyn Holmes vIited at the
Ecklund home Sunday evening.
The following spent Sunday at
the Berry home: Mr.. and Mrs. Mar
vim Becker, Fern, Dorothy and
Betty Lou Blank.
Mrs. F. Connolly and son, Erve,
called on Mr.. and Mrs. John Stein
bauer Monday.
A large group of people helped
Ella Blair celebrate her birthday
anniversary Monday evening.
Alvin Sukke was a supper guest
of Ellen Ecklund on Thursday.
Mrs. c. M. Berry and family call
ed at the Jonas Eckberg home on
Thursday evening.
Alvin Blank, Clinton Smith, and
Tony Proell called at the Otto
Blank home Sunday.
Arthur Trones spent Sunday ev-
ening with Joe and Art Ecklund.
Erwin Sogge called on Werner
Samuelson Saturday.
Mrs. Carl Ecklund spent Wed
nesday afternoon with Mrs. Char
les West.
Mr.. and Mrs. Art Cooper spent
Sunday afternoon with Mr.. and
Mrs. John Kortan.
Mrs. Ed. Jacobson and Edith and
Donovan called at the Trones home
Thursday evening.
Phyllis Determann spent the lat
ter part of last week with June
SEVERN.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harvey Schumann
spent Sunday with the Ole Trones
family.
Mrs. Ed. jacobson and daughter,
Edith, spent Saturday night at the
Trones home.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-05-14
Getty Grove

Martha Wiener was visitor at
the Joe Jennissen home Wednes-
day evening.
Mike Essler and Mrs. A. E. Rod
gers and daughter, Helen, spent
Saturday at st. Cloud.
Henry Jennissen called on Mr..
and Mrs Albert Zimmel and fam
lily at Belle River Thursday.
Florence Uphus spent Wednesday
evening at Joe Jennissen's.
Mrs. Herbert Rouslang assisted
Kathryn Essler with her house
cleaning Friday.
Mrs. Ben Essler and daughters
Mrs. George Essler and Mrs. Henry
Nugent spent Friday at Frank Es-
slers.
Henry Jennissen was Sank
Centre caller Wednesday.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-05-14
Sank Centre Route 3

Frank Swirtz, Of Padua, trans
acted business at the Bill Schloegle
home Tuesday forenoon.
John Petermeier was a business
caller on Mr.. and Mrs. Hubert
Hermann Tuesday afternoon.
Harvey Veeder and Joe Beste
and son, Herman, spent Wednesday
evening with Bill Schloegle.
Joe Miller was busy grading the
roads Friday forenoon.
A few boys from West Union took
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-05-14
State Highway "a

Mrs. George Dinkel and son and
Mrs. Henry Brewer, Of Long Prair-
lie, were callers at the c. F. Botz
home Friday afternoon.
Herman Ostendorf is working
for Ray Walker this summer.
The Iwinski boys and Telling
children spent Sunday afternoon
with the Fred Botz children.
Mrs. B. H. Otte, Mrs. Henry Pop
De and Mrs. c. +. Botz attended
the County Chairman meeting held
at Albany Tuesday.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-05-14
Pleasant Valley

| Mrs. Ben Hellerman ana MISS
Clara Schwieters visited with Mrs.
Theo. Wiener and Marian Monday.
Mrs. Sig Werdell is now employ
ed at the Waldorf Cafe in Sank
Centre.
Mr.. and Mrs. Peter Pflipsen
visited at the o. c. Hardin home
Sunday afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Theo. Wiener Wis
tied at the home of Mr.. and Mrs.
Albert Leitz, Sunday.
Mrs. John Brandes, who has
been visiting at the Oscar Sukke
home for several weeks, left for
her home at Quincy, ILL.,, the lat
! ter part of the week.
Miss Bernice Julson, who has
been an efficient operator at the
Personality Shop, left Saturday for
Austin, Mimi, where she will OPP
crate a beauty parlor.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ben Hellerman
moved into their new home Friday.
James, Lawrence and Viola
Christie spent the weekend at the
home of their mother, Mrs. Ella
Christie.
Mr.. Lembke is now staying at
the Lembke tourist park, and had
his telephone connected Monday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Hubert Schieffer
and daughter, Helen, spent,Sunday
at the Ben Lynch home.
Miss Clara Schwielters was a Wis
itor from Sunday until Wednesday
a. the home of her uncle, Ben
Hellerman.
Frank Hens called at the Theo.
Wiener home Tuesday.
Madeline Kampsen is spending a
few days at home.
Miss Marian Graham was a guest
over the weekend of her cousin,
Eileen Kennedy.
Miss Elizabeth Kramer returned
to her home at New Munich, after
short visit with her sister, Mrs.
Ben Hellerman.
Mr.. and Mrs. Mick Johnson are
rejoicing over the arrival of a
"a pound son on Friday, May 8.
Mrs. Johnson and son are at the
Long Prairie hospital, and all con-
cerned are getting along nicely.
Mrs. John Heidgerken and Mar
ian arrived home last week We'd
Eesday by train, after spending the
winter months In California.
Mrs Ella Christie and daughters,
Myrtle and Gladys. spent Saturday
afternoon at Bert Meals.
Mrs. Peter Pflipsen, Mrs. Leo
Frederick and Mrs. Owen Hardin
spent Monday at the Mick Johnson
home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Kramer, Of
New Munich, visited al the home
Of their daughter, Mrs. Ben Heller
man, Friday.
Howard Neal and daughter,
June, were short callers at the AL
Westbrock home Tuesday.
Loren and John Hardin visited
Jack Adrian's Sunday afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Chas. Kennedy
were guests at the marriage and
wedding breakfast Of their niece,
Miss Mary Kennedy, Saturday.
Mr.. H. ]. Adrian and son, Sep,
were callers at the Mike Adrian
home at st. Anthony Sunday.
Mrs. Ella Christie was a supper
guest Of Mrs. Theo. Wiener and
Marian Tuesday evening.
Mrs. Julia Kampsen and children
and Frank Stitch were visitors at
H. ]. Adrian's Sunday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Jens Lying attend
ed funeral services held for Mr..
Lyng's cousin, Mrs. Leo Holt, at
Long Bridge church, Sunday after
noon.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-05-14
South Sank Centre

Carl Bieringer called at the An
ton Bieringer home Wednesday af.
ternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Hubert Schieffer
and daughter spent Sunday after
noon at the Thomas Lynch home.
Mrs. William Schloegle spent
Saturday afternoon with Mrs. An
ton Bieringer.
Gust Quade motored to Wahpe-
tor Friday.
Carl Bieringer and AL Gaspard
called at the Henry Barchenger
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-05-14

Scaffolding has been specially
designed to aid in washing air
planes.
Imperial Valley press., 1936-09-27
MILLIONS PAID
TO SPY UPON
RED ACTIVITIES


WASHINGTON, Sept. 26. W.R)-
American industrialists paid the
Pinkerton National Detective Agen-
cy nearly S60O0,OO0 in the last two
and one-half years and $2,000,000.
1t was applied to spying on the
union labor organization work and
radical activities, the senate civil
liberties committee disclosed today.
Secret details of the agencys op-
erations extending from coast to
coast were barred for the first time
by its 32-year-old president, Robert
A. Pinkerton, and a group of his
shreWd, well-tailored executives.
Revelations included:
l. Union officers were hired by
the Pinkerton organization to spy
on their brother workers.
2. A total of $150G00 has been
spent thus far this year for indus
trial espionage through the Pink
erton agency.
). The Pinkerton operators were
ordered to discontinue filing writ
ten reports Of their Investigations
after the company correspondence
had been subpoenaed by the COM
mittee.
4. The Pinkerton office in Mil
Waukee, Wis was abandoned after
passage of a state law forcing de-
tectiye agencies to register the
names of their operators.
5. Five per cent Of the Pinkerton
operators are women.
6. Fisher Bodies Corp a subsid-
iary of General Motors, was billed
81, 300 for services by Pinkerton at
a tool and dye makers picnic"
from Aug. 4, 1888 to Nov. 80, 1888.
7. Pinkerton agents obtained in
formation on radical activities in
Denver, Colo, from a Major Harr-
ing, cavalry officer at Fort Logan,
Colo.
The committee recessed its in
quiry subject to call of the chair.
1t is expected to be resumed around
Nov. !, when it was reported Pearl
Bergoff, self-styled king of strike
breakers" may be summoned.
The investigation is a fore-run-
ner of legislation designed to elm
mate or curb drastically the actiV-
tiles of private detective agencies
and other organizations engaging
in strike breaking and labor espion-
age.
Imperial Valley press., 1936-09-27

A bit deep, yet it served to touch
off a young mans fancy. 1 wrote
proposals to five different girls the
same day. And how F. Marion
Crawford's story saddened. The
White Sister, What tears when
she told the young man she was
going away, in the memorable
shocker: TO nurse the lepers of
Rangconi!" One could feel the
back hair lift.
The first faint rumble deep in
the Park avenue canyon. The cab
line forming on the Waldorf's hips.
One wonders where the street
sprinklers Of yesteryear? And all
those industrious people we once
saw keeping things up"-setting
posts, trimming hedges, painting
back porches, etc. Thousands of
newcomers will begin arriving in
an hour or SO for their first glimpse
and perhaps grapple with the big
town. Thousands who signed off
down country to take city office
job or chase career. Thousands
Imperial Valley press., 1936-09-27
By HENRY SUTHERLAND

HOLLYWOOD, Sept. 25. U,P -
Red-headed Jimmy Cagney TIN
Just a transformer at HEARTS,
organizing a round-robin Holly
wood circus" to revive legitimate
drama in the small towns.
Recruits to date include stocky
Pat O'Brien, former Cagney screen
team-mate, Robert Montgomery. M
GIN personality boy, and stalwart
William Gargan-all on condition
their studios let them 60.
The Cagney circus will tour
towns of less than 100000 with a
play-"we're already dickering for
one" - and under the round-robin
idea no actor will have a definite
part.
Tonight" explained Cagney, I'D
play the william = next night the
hero - night after that something
else - maybe just carry a spear.
Everybody will get to play a diff
ferent role every performance"
In case anyone wonders why
Cagney bankers to take on job
of trouping after alleging he was
overworked in his recent court bat
tie with Warner Brothers, he has
an explanation for that, too.
Cagney went to court to break
his contract with Warmers on the
ground an alleged verbal contract
limited his output to four pictures
a year, whereas he was required
to do five or more. Court disSolv-
ed the agreement, but for another
reason-because an ambitious thea
ter manager violated Cagney's top
billing clause" by hosting Pat o.
Briens name to the top spot in
the Ballyhoof or Ceiling Zero. "
The case has gone to appeal, and
meanwhile Cagney has signed to
do two year for Grand National.
This circus idea is different" he
explained. 1T will be fun. Well
have a chance to work with real
audiences. and try lot of things
we'd never have chance to do on
the screen.
"We're not going into it to make
money-just expenses. That's why
we are going to smaller towns
where people seldom see legitimate
shows. We'll give the public and
the theater a break, and take one
for ourselves"
90
Roger Pryor, band leader, flew
in from Chicago and Immediately
called up Ann Sothern. They will
deny a wedding is in prospect and
still nobody believes them. Pryor
said he will remain here until Sun
day, when he flies back to Chicago.
Adolphe Walbruch, distinguished
Viennese actor, has signed to play
the title role in Michael Strogoff, "
according to Sam Briskin, RKO-
Radio mogul. Radio will super
special Jules Vern'S tale of a
courier of the Gar, using for back
ground shots from European pro-
duction the entire Bulgarian army
helped make.
Imperial Valley press., 1936-09-27

have been saved from foreclosure. Farm in
debtedness has bsen reduced approximately
$1,000 100000 since 1882. For the first time on
record, tenancy decreased in the period from
1882 to 1885 The huge 1882 surpluses of al
most every farm commodity have been elnlin-
ated.
For the first time, a systematic national
effort is being made to conserve and rebuild the
nations most valuable heritage, the soil. For
the first time, also, farmers, through the AAA's
benefit payments have had crop income insur-
ance. Commodity loans corn and cotton
have helped to stabilize prices Steps have been
taken toward additional crop insurance and to-
ward programs that will decrease tenancy.
In brief, government has given agriculture
some of the protection and benefits that wealthy
and powerful industrial groups had long de-
manded and received. Agriculture did not get
real or lasting aid, however, until the special
privilege groups mad been driven from power
by the man now occupying the White House.
have been a member of the House Agri-
culture Committee for a number of years.
know that it is difficult to enact constructive
legislation for agriculture under the most IA
vorable circumstances 1t is virtually impos-
sible under an administration whose first con-
Germ is big business, and big business has been
the first concern of every Republican administra
ton since the war.
Imperial Valley press., 1936-09-27
Other Editors Saw
TROUBLE ZONES
Riverside Daily Press

Every time war breaks out anywhere in the
world, our state department has to get busy
looking after American citizens there.
There were 1900 Americans in Spain when
the revolution started and hundreds of them
are still there. A staff at Washington has been
on the job almost constantly, locating and keep
ing up with them compiling address and evacua-
ton lists, lending the stranded travellers money,
arranging for their return, safeguarding them
in danger zones, and SO on.
This experience duplicates on a small scale
the situation in 1914, when 100000 Americans
were caught in the war zone and Herbert Hoo
yer took charge in London office and became
a world figure.
1t might be supposed that any Americans,
whether abroad for business pleasure, would
have sense enough to get out when anything
like the Spanish mess develops But many are
ignorant or unsuspecting many are eager to
see what is going on and have more to talk
about when they get home. And many simply
love the bright face of danger"
And why should Uncle Sam worry about
these adventurous folks-and the great majority
Of them seem to be in that category. If they de-
sire to experience the thrills of a Spanish rev.
olution. let it be their own responsibility.
American warships have been in readiness to take
Americans from war torn Spain. They have been
importuned to get aboard and be protected.
When they refuse to do this they themselves
should shoulder the responsibility. If anything
happens they should do the worrying
Imperial Valley press., 1936-09-27
LIFE SAVING
COURSE WILL
BE OFFERED

Course in life saving is to be
given at the Brawley high school
plunge Oct. 5-10 under the aus
pices of the Brawley chapter OF
the American Red Cross with Carl
Helmick, Scout executive and life
saving examiner, as director and
Coach Marvin Clark as associate
director.
Instruction will be given for two
hours after school .on Monday
Oct. 5; Wednesday, Oct. 7; Friday,
Oct. 9. The final examination will
be Oct 10 from 9 a. m. to IL noon.
The purpose of the course is to
teach those who know how to swim,
life saving methods. 1t is free OF
charge and open to boys and girls,
over IL years of age, of Junior high
school, high school, and junior
college ages, and also to adults.
Those who complete the course
and pass the tests will be award
ed American Red Cross life saving
emblems. junior or senior. First
class Scouts will receive swimming
and life saving merit badges in
addition to the Red Cross creden-
tialS.
Those having had previous life
saving instruction and who wish to
take the examination may come
Saturday morning The course is
open to all residents of the valley
and advance registration is not
necessary.
Imperial Valley press., 1936-09-27
7HE POST-PRESS

Published every Sunday by The
Imperial Valley Publishing Com
pany, 625 State street, Ell Centro,
California. as successor to the
Sunday issue of The Morning
Post and Valley Farmer, and the
Saturday issue of the Imperial
Valley Press.
Entered at FL Centre. California,
post office as second class mat
ter.
Paul Jenkins, Publisher; George
Bennitt, General Manager; Rus
sell Bennitt, Seer retary-treasurer;
Ed. Fitzhugh, Managing Edi-
tor.
Member California Newspaper
Publishers Association.
M. C. Mogensen & Co., National
Advertising Representatives.
Subscription Rates: &c per copy
or, in conjunction with the Inn
perial Valley Press or The
Morning Post and Valley Farm
er. Per Month, 60c; Paid In
Advance: 8 months, $1.65; 6
Months, 1925; one Year, 5000
Imperial Valley press., 1936-09-27
New York Day by Day
By O. O. Mcintyre

who will never find desired COM
panionship and who will eventual
" wonder whether to go on grimly
or take a what's the use attitude.
New recruits for the Lonesome
Hearts Clubs!
--OO---
Thoughts, thoughts, thoughts.
Dawn in the offing. The giant
metropolis dropping its nocturnal
cloak and shadow boxing with an
other day. Many will take the
count before the sun dips. Mem
ory: That fellow at the movies
with a bag Of peanuts and the
snuffles. The magic of far away
names - Singapore, Madagascar,
Zanzibar. Small town delights:
The fish story tellers VS.. the hail
stone boys. What whoppers!
Imperial Valley press., 1936-09-27
Str0lls Thru HOLLYWOOD

house for his family about to trek
Hollywoodward from New York,
sat disconsola te.y in the Brown
Derby. A friend hove in sight and
asked how the search was going.
"I think I got it, cracked the
comedian. IF I can just talk the
waiter into putting in a shower
we're going to move into this
BOOTH"
Hugh Herbert, not to be outdone
by Mayor Al Jolson, of Encino and
Mayor Richard Arlen of Tolucca
Lake, has gotten himself appointed
Mayor of Studio City, a San Fer
nando valley town. Local chamber
of commerce elected him to help
root for better sidewalks and sew
ers. Herbert has ideas of his own,
however, and says he is going to
make the place a paradise for
goats. AS a matter of cold fact
all three mayors and their con-
stituencies are within the far-flung
city limits of Los Angeles.
Cold shouldering Hollywood
nghtlife, such as it is, Lily Pons
as forsworn all parties until her
current picture is finished. Her
schedule calls for dinner at $50,
study until 9 pm. and lights out
at $50.
Others may be able to stay up
late at night and work next day,
but it is not for me-" she explain
ed. Another reason is that ]
never smoke myself, and the tobac-
CO smoke of Others hurts my
throat. I can hardly ask them to
stop, so the next best thing is to
stay at home"
Cutting Room Scraps: Asked
where he was going as he ducked
into an American Anyways pullman
liner bound for New York, gang
ling Gary Cooper gagged; ITO
sleep" Gladys George laid up
at home with influenza Jim
Ritz of the Ritz Brothers tumbled
off a stage and sprained an ankle,
among other things Gregory
Ratoff is bound for New York to
take out final American citizenship
papers-he was born in Russia j..
Warmers have signed Vida Ann
Borg, Boston model originally i'm
ported by Paramount Esther
Ralston gets part in the new
quintuplet picture.
-OO-
Producer Edward Chodorov halt
ted before a White-garbed man in a
corridor of Cedars Of Lebanon hos
pital, puzzled a moment, then ven-
tured:
Haven't I met you somewhere,
Doctor?
eyes, I think you have" replied
the young man. But 1 am moi a
doctor. I'm Irving Kline, your
assistant cameraman."
Imperial Valley press., 1936-09-27
Both Sides of the CAMPAIGN

EDITORS NOTE: The articles appearing in
this column not presented representing
the opinions of this newspaper. During the
vacation of Mr.. Rodney Duscher, who conducts
'News Behind the News. both sides of the cam
pa;gn are being pictured here without discrm-
ination.
Imperial Valley press., 1936-09-27

steadily the past three years.
This improvement is all the
more remarkable since it took
place despite the drouths of
1884 and 1886, the worst on
record.
The recovery of agriculture
is strikingly told in the fig
ures on Iarm income. debt,
surpluseS; in every trend. 1t
is told in increased farm buy
ing power; in the recovery Of
the nation itself.
Cash farm income rose from
S4,377,o00.00O in 1882 to ST.
POI 100000 in 1885 and the es-
timated income for 1886 is
more than S7,5OO,0O0,000. APP
rNroyi,,ootalv 500 nm { a N, c