davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-01-07
WORKERS UNIONS
 IN WPA BLOCKED

Efforts to organize unions in the WPA will be generally drowned up- on by administration officials. Al- though no official action has been taken by state authorities, an at- tempt to promote such Q union yes- terday in Hartford was blocked by supervisors of the Hartford projects, who informed workers that 1t was not the intent of the government to pay employees for time spent in participating in union movements. Thomas E. Walsh, Hartford place. ment offlcer, issued instructions to timekeepers to dock workers time card If the man held extended con. versations with visitors.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-01-07

If it may be classified with old razor blades, the latest method of getting rid of 1928 lizzie models has been discovered by George Dvesks of Fox Street New Years Day George and his dad drove to CandlewOOd Lake Danbury for afternoon with the rod and reel The lake covered with ice, the was driven far out where the fish alleged biting best. They went to work but not for long, The ice cracked and soon boys casting their cold Orbs among sinners they believed would later be their bait but which proved their downfall George and his dad decided to do something about saving the family crate, but when informed that the water was 60 feet deep more they unanimously decided that old lizzie could rest in peace.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-01-07

Whiteman has several numbers
 on each program played accord- ing to his definition of swing"
 The King of Jazz agrees with Hammond that Made in America" is the proper label for swing, although it had enthusi- astic friends in Europe long be- fore 1t took hold here. So mys- terious is everything connected with swing that experts even disagree as to its age. Some say French and English Hot Clubs have been listening to American swing records since 1920. But this age of sweet sixteen Is de-
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-01-07
Mr. and Mrs. Wayne LeGrand, recen
Chatter.

Chatter . MT. and Mrs. Wayne LeGrand recent honeymooners will be rendered testimonial banquet by admirers at Wavery Inn Saturday night The missus is the former Mary M. Coakley. John A. Cluney, Dem sports ed has been invited by Rev. William Botcelli of st. Peters church in Torrngton to be the principal speaker at the Holy Name Societys annual communion breakfast next Sunday. Miss Kathleen Crowley sends along lovely New Years card to extend good wish es for 1886 to the boys of editorial room Miss Crowley fllness. MT and Mrs. Thomas P. Kellogg took in the Bachelors Ball in the Delta Kappa Epsilon Hall in New Haven Saturday evening. Charley Teller, rated the best setback player the East End taken the hurdles the other day by Red Parker whom he regard ed as novice It was the first time Charley was wrong in years.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-01-07

nied by MT. Hammond, who says that the French yen for "le Jazz Hot" dates from 1928 and that English clubse started only recently. The honor of being the American leader of swing has many claimants, but so far, critical opinion has failed to place the laurels Cor thorns) on the brow of any individual.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-01-07
BEGNAL JOB TO
 BE WPA PROJECT

Begnai school will be repaired at Q cost of $5,5s9 under project ap- proved by the WPA. Twenty-two persons will be employed. The New Haven WPA project will begin to- day when members of the cast of the first production Men Must Fight" report ct the Lincoln thea ter.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-01-07

Joe Quinn, Fourth Estater in the making, dropped in to pay his respects yesterday afternoon be- fore boarding ratter tomorrow for the University of Kentucky where he is junior Joe contempates stop ping off in New York City tomorrow night to watch the Kentucky C0l0nels basketeers oppose New York University in Madison Square Garden and confidential ly tells me to pop few hard-earned 'kunnes' on his cohorts During the Joe worked on the sports department of the Cincinnati Post editing the amateur sports page. He likes journalism immensely and is
 high in his praise of his university professors all of whom are former newspapermen.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-01-07
Swing Music (MYsHfATTg) (MYsH fATg) Goes Round And Around Nation
'NEW TYPE OF JAZZ TAKES REVUES CABARETS BALL ROOMS
 AND RADIO BY STORM-BUT MUSICIANS CAN'T DEFINE IT

BY MARIAN YOUNG AND WALTER c. PAKKES
 Service Stan Correspondent NEW YORK, Jan. 7-Al America and great portion N of what is aughingly known as the civilized world swinging it.
 symbozed by spread day songht called The rhynms-the What melody wod-have caught radio musicians night ballroom dancers mak photograph records publishers of sheet music in mad musical whirl
 ITO swing or not to swng?" question frowng the usually
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-01-07

Sleighbes ring. |. |. Every time get bit of snow memory hearkens back to the days of dOuberun ners seighs and slegh-rides, etc. Remember the first sleghrde you went on. It was fun until the cold got into your bones. Then it was real misery And how your toes and fingers would ache when you got into warm spot and tried to thaw out comfortably. You didn't have to go mile from Exchange Place in those days to get into the sleigh like they do today It would pick you up at your house you lived along the route And the first time you drove cutter with a spanking bay occasionally casting bit of hard snow up in your face over the curved dashboard. How you'd rattle the whip in its socket to make the tep along at faster gait with the wind whstling by vOvr face and cOlOrng it beef red. Those were the kays my boy, those were the days....
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-01-07

England's National League of Airmen is growing rapidly, and members. are being trained to fly and helped to get 8 government fly. ing permit for $70.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-01-07

But with everybody going around and around to the dizzy rhythns, 1t seems that the song writer. was a prophet who said Tt don't mean a thing if 1t ain't got that swing"
 Tomorrow: The War Raging Over Swing Tunes in the Music World.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-01-07
Hits and bits.

Hits and bits. Marjorie Oviatt was recipient of
 beautiful gift and the well wishes of Claire beauticians Saturday evening she severed connections with the firm to join the staff of HowandHughes She assumed her new capacity yesterday morning Anthony Ora zosa pride and joy of the South End will slip ring on the beautiful finger of Mary Lentin Thursday morning at St. Lucys church. Theirs budding romance and I wish them pleasant voyage on their matrimonial cruise Mary Phelan, daughter of MT. and Mrs Ar thur Phean II South Street. forwards another box of tnfo She's of the Towers most consistent donors and one of it's most welcome visitors Felix Guarni, dimnutive funmaker has been dropped for count by Kid Pneumonia. Laugh it off Felix, the boys miss you.
 Mrs. Lena Srica and daughter Evelyn excursoned Congress in action before boarding return choochoo next Saturday.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-01-07
Daily Statistics On Auto Accidents

+1936 totals of accidents, In juries and fatalities are subject to change because of incomplete or tardy traffic accident reports and because of injured oc- cupants and pedestrians not be- ing definitely resolved as "re- coveries" or fatalities"
Evening star., 1936-03-10

holders, thereby subjecting all such
earnings to individual income tax at
the rates established for the various
groups. Further. it Is estimated that
such rate of tax would equalize, on
the average, the taxes paid by share
holders in withholding corporations
with those paid by shareholders in
corporations distributing all their
earnings, and with those paid by in
dividual firms or partnerships. The
removal of the corporation income tax
would eliminate the reason for pres
ent exemption of dividends from the
normal individual income tax.
Tax Timing Hit.
The third chief beneficial effect of
the suggested change, namely, the
elimination of serious tax evasion, is
equally clear. At the present time the
ability of corporations and Of their
controlling stockholders to choose the
timing of dividend distributions, with
out penalty and without reference to
current earnings, often results in a loss
of revenMe to the Federal Government
and an unjust avoidance Of taxation
by stockholders Of large personal in
comes The earnings withheld by a
corporation would often, If distributed,
raise the surtax brackets OF many
stockholders, thereby Subjecting such
earnings to the higher surtax rates.
When withheld for time and then
paid out In years when the other in
come Of important stockholders is
smaller, such earnings escape the
higher rates to which they would have
been subject.
Finally. adoption of the measure un-
der consideration would greatly SIM
plify our corporation tax structure and
carry with It a correlative simplifica-
ton in corporate accounting. For in
place of three separate and some
what complex taxes, there would be
substituted Just one tax Moreover,
it is clear that the proposal under
discussion, far from imposing any new
taxes on business, actually removes the
largest single tax paid by business
enterprises. The tax on withheld
corporate earnings could not be passed
on to consumers nor passed back to
workers. No corporation need pay
this tax. To avoid it, the corporation
need only pass on to its stockholders,
as earned, the earnings that belong
to them anyhow. Nor does the pro-
posal involve any increase in the in
dividual income tax rates. It's primary
result would be to make effective
the present income tax rates on very
large volume OF income that now
escapes an important part of ordinary
income taxation.
The Ways and Means Committee of
Evening star., 1936-03-10

third, IL would prevent current tax
evasion Of considerable magnitude, and
fourth, it would greatly simplify the
existing tax structure, and Herewith
the tasks of corporate accounting.
Let us consider these beneficial eff
fects of the suggested change in order.
II the corporation income, capital
stock and excess profits taxes were re-
pealed, 1t is estimated that the ag-
gregate corporate net income avail
able for dividend distributions In the
calendar year 1886 would exceed $8,-
100000, 900. The anticipated divi-
dend disbursements to individuals by
such corporations from the earnings
Of 1885 amount to $3,540000 600,
thereby leaving $4,778 100000 avail
able for additional dividend disburse-
ments. If, by reason of the proposed
tax, this additional amount were dis
tributed, and all dividends were made
subject to the per cent normal tax,
it is estimated that the Treasury's
collections under the individual income
tax would be increased by approx
mately $1,732. 100000. The repeal of
the corporation income. capital stock
and excess profits taxes would make
the net gain in Federal revenues about
$500, ,000, 900.
Alternative Considered.
II, on the other hand, corporations
decided to withhold from their stock
holders any part of the extra $4,778,-
100000 of earnings available for dis
tribution, and paid the proposed grad
uated tax thereon, the net increase
in Federal revenues, inclusive Of the
per cent normal tax on such dividends
as were declared, would approximate
the same figure. In other words, the
proposed graduated tax on withheld
corporate earnings would approx
mately equalize the loss in Federal
revenues occasioned by the withhold
ing from the personal income tax Of
reinvested corporate earnings. Whether
the $4,778, ,000, 900 Of earnings were dis
tributed in their entirety, in part, or
not at all, the changes under discus
sion would increase Federal revenue
in the coming year by upward Of
$500 ,0O0, 900.
Turning now to the second consider
alton, analysis shows that under exist
ing corporation taxes, three types of
unfair discrimination between differ
ent classes of taxpayers are now un-
aVoidable At present, all the earnings
of partnership or OF an enterprise
owned by a single individual, whether
reinvested or not, are subject to in
come surtaxes. Corporate earnings
likewise, when distributed to stock,
holders, are subject to these surtaxes,
which range up to rs per cent.
Corporate earnings which are not cur
Evening star., 1936-03-10

it not been for the events Of. which
have just spoken our advance to-
ward a balanced budget would have
proceeded uninterrupted. For, as
matter of fact, the revenues Of the
Federal Government have been on the
increase. And with the spread of re-
covery, the increase in national in
come generally, the better business
which is evident everywhere. both in
volume of turnover and in earnings,
it can be predicted confidently that
Treasury receipts will expand accord
ingly.
On March the President
transmitted to the Congress a mes
sage calling for more revenue. A
part of our revenue loss resulting from
the decision Of the Supreme Court in
the A. A. A. case is purely temporary
in character. 1t consists Of the de-
crease in receipts during the current
fiscal year, represented by processing
taxes that will not now be paid. The
amount involved is approximately
$5l7 100000. To take care of this,
the President has suggested two pos
sible sources one "windfall' tax on
those unjustly enriched as result of
the decision of the Supreme Court,
and second, processing tax at low
rate on wide variety of agricultural
products, and spread over a three
year period.
To take care of the more permanent
necessities with respect to new reve-
nue., to take care of the added re-
quirements for the bonus, about $780,
100000. running for nine years, and
to provide for expenditures under the
new farm plan, about $500, 900, as
set up in the soil conservation and
domestic allotment act, recently passed
by the Congress and signed by the
President. his suggestion is that we
provide a tax on the undistributed
earnings of corporations At the same
time the present corporate income tax,
the capital stock tax and the excess
profits tax might be repealed, as well
as the present exemption OF dividends
from the normal tax on individual in
comes.
This suggestion of the President is
widely misunderstood 1t is not a
tax on present accumulated surplus
That would be untouched. While the
President does not suggest it, it may
well be considered whether the ex-
emption of tax on present accumu-
lated surplus may not stimulate ac-
tivity in the capital-goods industries
in which employment is most need
ed where such surplus is used for
permanent betterments, requirements
and expansion. The Presidents recon-
mendation, however, relates to future
net earnings only. He recognizes the
principle that business profits, no
Evening star., 1936-03-10

tributed, would have brought greater
revenue to the Government through
the taxes on the incomes Of the share-
holders to whom the dividends would
have gone.
A revision Of our tax laws such as
the President has suggested will not
only remove undoubted inequalities in
our taxing system, but will bring more
revenue into the Treasury. Nor is
the proposal new one. 1t was seri-
ously considered in the Congress as
much as IS years ago. Eleven years
ago a similar proposal passed the
Senate.
The present tax on the incomes OF
corporations is on scale of from 1914
to IS per cent of their net profits. They
pay other taxes on capital and on ex-
cess profits to the Federal Govern
ment. When earnings are distributed
in the form Of dividends. the dividends
are subject to surtaxes ON the incomes
of the individuals. The small stock
holder particularly is penalized by this
situation. He has been charged a
higher tax than he would have been
had he been engaged in business for
himself as an individual.
Corporations Offer Shields.
But some profit from this situation.
1t makes 1t possible for the manage
ment of the corporation to withhold
profits from distribution for reinvest-
ment in the business. No personal in
come taxes are paid on such earnings
at all. This process is referred to as
blowing back earnings into the busi-
ness and it makes it possible for large
and wealthy stockholders to place
their earnings directly into good in
vestments without the necessity of
paying a personal income tax on them,
Had they been engaged in business as
individuals or as members of a part
nership, they could not have done So
The corporation thus affords refuge
from taxation for big incomes.
II withheld corporation income was
subjected to the same surtax rates
that apply to income Of individuals
and partnerships. the Treasury De-
partment has estimated that In the
calendar year 1885 the Government
would collect $1.7o0 600 900 additional
revenue. This is the biggest leak in
our tax system. The proposal of the
President would put stop to this
practice.
Substitution for the existing cor
porate taxes Of a graduated tax on
undistributed corporation earnings
would bring about four definite bene-
fits First, 1t would result in a sub
stantial increase in the Federal rev.
enues; second, it would eliminate three
existing types of discrimination in
herent in the present tax structure:
Evening star., 1936-03-10

the House Of Representatives, which,
under the Constitution, must originate
revenue measures, Is holding hearings
preparatory to the drafting Of reve-
nue. bill for the consideration of the
Congress. The Finance COMMITTEES Of
the Senate will also consider In public
hearings the recommendations sub
mitted by the President. 81
These recommendations must bs
carefully examined to determine
whether new loop holes to tax evasion
will not be opened up; whether the
estimates Of added revenue are cor.
rect; to determine whether the pro-
posed graduated TAX rates should not
be based upon the percentage of net
income undistributed instead Of the
amounts Of money withheld by the
corporations, and what is yet more
important, whether the proposal rnaast
not be substantially modified so that it
will not prevent the reasonable accu-
mutation Of a surplus sufficient ito
carry a corporation through the
fluctuations Of economic conditions and
to safeguard the opportunity of Ansgi-
can labor to find employment in times
of economic stress. q
Windfan Tax. %si
AS to the so-called windfall tax. one
must heartily approve its objectfye.
while he may be extremely skepticaltas
to its practicability. Certainly no one
should profit by passing on to his
customers tax which he did not in
fact pay. Whether the tax in given
case was passed on and other questions
difficult of determination will probably
result In croWding our courts with a
mass of litigation. If the, professor did
not pass the tax on to his vendees or
if he has accounted for money col
lected by him, provision for credit
against the tax is obviously Just.
To supplement the revenue from The
undiStributed profit tax, the President
suggests moderate processing taxes on
wider range of agricultural products.
In order to work justice the processing
taxes should be placed on all products
which enter into substantial coTnpeti-
tion with each other. It would seem
that this suggestion is beyond reason
able objection when it is remembered
that under our protective system the
farmer has helped to carry industry
and to enable the general consumer,
including the labor of industry. n
maintain an American standard o.
living.
1t is timely to insist that current
revenues should equal all current ex-
penditures. except for the single pur-
pose of relief, and that expenditures
for relief should be reduced wherever
DosSihle
Evening star., 1936-03-10

rently distributed In dividends, how
ever, escape these surtaxes for long
periods or altogether, thereby creating
an unfair discrimination. The pro-
posal under discussion would tend to
place all business, whether incorpo-
rated or not, on the same basis for in
come tax purposes.
Moreover, there exists under the
present laws an equally unfair dis
elimination against stockholders in
the low income groups. Earnings of
corporations which are cerditable to
such stockholders are now subject to
the corporate income tax of 1917 to
Is per cent, while the dividend receipts
of these individuals are exempted only
from the 4 per cent normal income
tax. Under the proposed law, how
ever, the earnings applicable to their
stock, If distributed, would be subject
to the same treatment as in any other
portion of their income Thus, these
earnings would in many cases bear
no income tax at all. or would bear
only the normal tax or very moderate
surtaxes, at rates below those that
they now pay.
Gain Wealth without Tax.
A further form Of discrimination Is
to be found in the differing incidence
Of income taxes upon shareholders in
corporations that pursue liberal divi-
dend policies and upon shareholders
in corporations that do not pursue
liberal dividend policies. The former
are often Disseminated against because
they are not permitted to reinvest tax
free the corporate earnings received
as dividends, whereas the latter are
enabled under the present law to re-
invest their share of the corporate
earnings without payment Of indi-
vidual income taxes thereon. The un-
fairness of the discrimination is to be
seen in the fact that the earnings
withheld by corporations add no less
to the wealth and taxpaying power Of
the shareholder than the earnings dis
tributed in dividends. The reinvest-
ment of corporate earnings becomes
reflected in the market price Of the
stock and in the increased earning
power OF the corporation. Thus,
owners of stock In a corporation that
fails to distribute earnings literally
pay no taxes on undistributed earn
ingS, but gain in wealth nonetheless,
while stockholders of a corporation
that does distribute earnings literally
pay heavier taxes.
The substitution for the existing
corporate taxes of graduated tax on
withheld corporate earnings would
eliminate these serious sources Of I'M
fair tax discrimination. Sucf a tax
would go far to encourage the full dis
tribution OF current earnings to stock
Evening star., 1936-03-10

matter from what source derived, and
no matter when received, should bear
the same tax burden. They do not
now.
1t is not the province of the Govern
ment to say in what form business
shall be carried on, whether as an
individual enterprise or as partner
ship or under the corporate set-up.
Neither is it for the Government to
say whether the earnings Of corpora
tions shall be distributed. But it is
in the concern of Government that
structural devices shall not be used
for the purposes Of tax avoidance.
Present tax laws make the corporate
form Of organization advantageous to
some and disadvantage to others and
encourage the accumulation OF un-
reasonable surpluses which, If dis
Evening star., 1936-03-10
Deficits Grow Smaller.

Naturally enough, during the years
OF depression just past, the expendi-
lures of the Government have been
heavy. Nevertheless, the yearly deficits
have been growing smaller, and had
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1936-10-30
TO
SPE AK AT :
ON SATURDAY
Senator Here in Afternoon
to Close Local Demo-
cratic Campaign

Hon. Robert r. Reynolds of
Ashcyillc, junior L. S. senator,
will speak at the Henderson coun-
tv courthouse on Saturday after
noon at o'clock instead Of Mt 8
o'clock Saturday night as announc-
cd yesterday.
Mr.. Reynolds will come here to
close the campaign for the local
Democratic organization and a
large crowd is expected to hear
him speak.
Senator Reynolds has been
speaking in all sections of the
state and will speak here in the
afternoon and also fill another en-
gagcment Saturday night. lie
speaks in the western part of the
state tonight and will come here
tomorrow afternoon.
VI. VI. Rcddcn, chairman OF the
county Democratic executive COM
mittec will preside at the meeting