davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1936-02-07

served without a strong national
government.
But deaths on the Supreme Court
bench and the Jacksonian move
ment altered the relationship Of
forces. By 1857 the Democrats,
now openly and almost exclusively
the party of the shareholders, were
in control of the Supreme Court,
with fancy at its head. So, in the
bred Scott decision, the Supreme
Court reversed the tradition of
Marshall, and declared for Estates
rights" against the Federal govern
ment. In actuality, of course, the
decision was not for the legal fic-
ton, Estates rights" but for the
shareholders: by it's terms, the
Court declared that Congress had
no power to legislate concerning
slavery. The Philistimes of those
days thought that then the battle
was over, and that the Northern
industrialists had lost. Or, at most,
they inveighed against the auto
cratic ursurpation by the Supreme
Court.
JUDICIARY AND
CLASS WAR
But the bourgeois was not going
to let legal fictions block it's his
toric road. Organized in temporary
alliance with the free Western
farmers, into the new Republican
party, it accepted the challenge:
and fought out the issue of control
of the state not in the judicial
chambers but on the field of bat
tie. Neither the acts of Congress
nor the decisions of the Court, but
the Northern armies decided the
basic class questionable question
Of which class, the bourgeoisie or
the plantation owners, was to hold
power. And this is the manner in
which every class which means
historic business settles the basic
question.
The struggle which the working
class faces at the present time, the
struggle for power and for the
overthrow of the boureoisie and
it's state, is not expressed in any
direct way in the conflict between
the New Dea upheld by the
President and Congress) and the
Supreme Court. The struggle of
the working class, in its political
aspect, is a struggle against every
branch and division of the state.
The conflict between the Supreme
Court and Congress represents in
part a conflict between different
sections of the bourgeoisis, in part
a bureaucratic contest for control
of the immense and highly lucra-
tive governmental apparatus. The
AAA decision is perhaps chiefly
important for accomplishing the
fact that the New Deal was merely
a series of temporary devices to
tide capitalism over dangerous
spot: and that, with profits now
mounting it has outlived its use
fulness. The Supreme Court, by a
reasonable division of labor, is
given the job of undertaken For
Roosevelt, the New Deal remains
now as pure demagOgy-as a SER
les of agitational phrases wholly
divorced from social reality, with
the help of which he hopes to re-
tain enough of middle-class and
labor sentiment to enable him to
secure reelection.
nr $780,
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1936-02-07
DENIAL OF THE
CLASS STRUGGLE

What follows? What follows is
the denial Of the revolutionary
class struggle for workers pow
er, which is and must be the stug-
gle not to win control over the
existing state machinery, but a
struggle against the existing state,
a struggle to smash the present
state-wnich is the instrument of
bourgeois rule-and to erect in its
place the revolutionary workers
state. What follows is social-dem-
ocatic parliamentarism, gradual
ism, Kautskyism, all over again.
In this manner does history take
its revenge on the corruption Of
theory. The approach Of the Com
munist party and the Socialist
party to this problem-which is
naturally not an isolated example
lis part of the propagation of
an anti-revolutionary theology. In
the case Of the Communist party
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1936-02-07
BETTER IN
N. Y. POST

Such analyses and such propos-
ais have, of course, nothing in
common with Marxism. They are
reformist, not Marxist in charac-
ter. This is sufficiently indicated
by the fact that the liberal New
York Evening Post, the shrill New
Deal defender has taken exactly
this same approach TO the Supreme
Court in its editorials following
the AAA decision, except that its
words have been more challenging
and more vigorously written; and
it has proposed the same reform
measures.
What then, Is wrong with this
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1936-02-07
HOW THE
FOUNDERS" REASONED

1t was in this way that the
founders of our country" who
reasoned more clearly about these
matters than our present Stalinists,
reformists and centrists, under
stood the complicated government
al forms which they established
under the Constitution-that mag
icall powerful document which
they designed to legalize the power
of property. The intricate "checks
and balances" between the three
branches of the Federal govern
ment and between the Federal
government and the States, with
the probability of frequent conflict
which these contained were
meant by them not at all to "guar-
antee" democracy, but to make
sure that what democracy there
was would not get out of bounds.
every institution" wrote Hamil-
ton, Calculated to restrain the ex-
cess of law-making and to keep
things in the same state in which
they happen to be at any given
period was more likely to do good
than HARM"
Nor have the masters of Ameri-
/ can destiny ever been too much
disturbed over legal fictions. They
have understood that the central
question is the question of class
power, not institutional form. and
they have consistently approached
the Constitution, the Supreme
Court, and the other branches of
government in the light of that
understanding. During the admin
istrations Of Washington and John
Adams, for example, the Supreme
Court played minor role. The
question of its fright" to invalidate
acts of Congress or Of the States as
unconstitutional, left ambiguous II
the Constitution itself, was MOI
openly raised. The Federalist par
ty, representing the commercial
banking and industrial interests
that is, the progressive class al
that historical stage-held contro
over the executive and Legislative
branches, and could not keep the
courts in the background.
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1936-02-07
: PARLIAMENTARY ACTIVITY
SUPPLEMENTARY

Parliamentary activity Of ~
kinds must remain onlv snnri ~
mentary to the basic work Of prS
noting and strengthening the has has
ic organizations of the masses IT,
The poor farmers must look first
not to Congress and the Sunranao.
Court but to their unions, coorar.
atives, leagues and demonstrators
for benefits and relief. The work
ers will have the "right' to organ.
ize when they take that ripbt
through the independent strength
of their trade unions, and cease Cy.
pecting it to be handed down from
on high by Favorable decisions
The one effective "curb" of The
Supreme Court is, preciselyr-tbe
organized strength of the masses
The real business of the revolu-
tionary party is the organization
of the working class and it's allies
for the conquest of power. Every
immediate demand, every particu-
lar campaign, is correct, is justi-
fled, only so far as, in itg histori-
cal implications, it aids in this CEN
trail task; and is on every occasion
to be condemned insofar as it
turns the class aside from the road
to power.
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1936-02-07
Supreme Court Integral Part
Of the Capitalist System

it must be understood as one item
in the preparation for the POSSIBLE
ity of supporting Roosevelt in
November-a possibility which will
be realized if the Far Eastern cris-
is sufficiently deepens. Indeed the
current analysis and phrases of
the C. P. can hardly be distinguish
ed from those of the President.
Now Marxists do not believe that
Congress is "the peoples represen-
tative." They believe that Con-
gress, like the Supreme Court, is
part of the apparatus of bourgeois
state rule. They do not deny that
genuine and bitter conflict can
arise between Congress and the
Supreme Court, or between amy
other subdivisions of the state ap-
paratus, nor do they deny the nee
essity for interpreting and analyz-
ing hese conflicts, and attempting
to use them where possible to the
workers. But such conflicts, they
point out, are never struggles be-
tween representatives of the work
ing class or of "the people" on the
one side, and representatives of the
bourgeoisie on the other. There are
always conflicts between different
sections or groups within the bour-
geoisie, sections which on the Civ
en- issue have opposing needs and
opposing ideas of how best to ad-
vance the basic bouregeois inter
ests. In all cases, therefore, such
conflicts are subordinate to the
underlying class conflict, which
cannot express itself directly with
in the bourgeois state apparatus.
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1936-02-07

approach? Where does it differ
from Marxism
What is wrong with it is that
instead Of clarifying, it obscures
and CLOSES over the fundamental
class issues which are the source
and root of historical development,
and, instead of exposing, it wells
and softens the role of the state.
MARXISM AND
THE STATE
Marxism is primarily distin-
guished by Analysing every social
and political problem from a class
point of view. In contemporary
imperialist society, this means that
Marxism always explains and in
terprets events only in the light of
the fundamental conflict whose
course determines the direction of
historical development: the con-
flict between the bourgeoisie and
the proletariat. In terms of this
conflict, Marxism interprets the
role of the state as the political
executive of the bourgeoisie whose
historical function is to maintain
the social power of the bourgeoisie
and to uphold the system of pro-
perty relations upon which that
social power is based.
The state, however, is not an
abstraction" 1t is actualized in
whole involved maze of concrete
historical forms. In the United
States these include the Federal
executive (the President and his
subordinates and administrative
departments), the Federal legisla-
ture Congress and the departments
and commissions it creates), the
Federal judiciary (from the Su-
preme Court DOWN, the Federal
army, navy, prisons; together with
all the branches Executive, legis-
lative, judicial, military, police of
the state, county, and municipal
governments. These are all in a
great variety Of ways, part of the
state apparatus. Their central and
primary historical function is to
assure the maintenance Of capital
list property relations: that is, to
uphold the class rule of the bour-
geoisie.
1t is only from an understanding
Of this basic function that a cor
rect analysis can be made of the
various actions and activities of
the different subdivisions of the
state apparatus.
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1936-02-07

The approach of the Daily Work
er and the Socialist Call, however,
instead of proceeding from the
basic analysis of the class struggle
and the class roll of the state, and
thence going on to a detailed anal
ysis of the particular acts in ques-
tion (here the AAA decision), does
just the opposite. They take the
conflict between two subdivisions
of the state apparatus (the Su-
preme Court on the one side and
Roosevelt and Congress on the
other) as primary; and consequent
ly they totally obscure the class
role which these two subdivisions
share in common, and thus also
obscure the fundamental class con-
flict of modern society.
In terms of their approach, the
Supreme Court is the representa-
tive of "Wall Street." of the 'ifi-
nancial oligarchy," the "Tories.
Congress in conflict with the SUI
/ preme Court, is "the peoples rep
resentative" (this is the Daily
Workers own phrase). We are
then, called on to support Con.
gress against the Supreme Court
in order to make our will felt anC
to secure our rights"
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1936-02-07
SUPREME court, NEW DEAL And CLASS STRUGGLE

and or setting up in its -,
new state, the workers sto pace a
prime reason why a revo I~te. The
party enters into parTaT''looollarg
campaigns is to bring it, one.
revolutionary program one STn Iul
fore the masses. It's parliarnoyy. De-
representatives sit not 70 Tr -; Iyy
tories" for the workers WIN II Vie Vie
gress or the Courts-which even OO q
the the smallest scale, is increasinnSgn.l
illusory in the decline Of csr;tsiy
ism-but to expose the inner r@ 1s,u't
ings of the bourgeois state m moaE'
inery before the eyes of the '', Tosl
ses. Revolutionists utilize b .,aS'
geOis parliamentarism as 'VuE-
means for destroying bourvoOuuies
parliamentarism. SOUS
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1936-02-07
THE REFORMIST
APPROACH

state apparatus,
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1936-01-14
WEALTHN0TI0N
HELD FALSE

Do 2 per cent of the people own
go per cent of the wealth?
Albert w. Atwood attempted to
disprove this oft-repeated estimate
last night in talk before group
of economics students at McKln'
ley Night High School.
Dr. WNfred I. King. who made
the estimate, has since admitted
that it is wrong, Mr.. Atwood said.
But King made a new estimate.
and while this one is no so often
quoted neither has it been chal'
lenged,, the editor said.
The new estimate asserts that
2 per cent of the people own 40
per cent of the wealth, 8 per cent
own so per cent, 20 per cent own
80 per cent, and so per cent own
30 per cent, according to Mr. At
wood who added:
These CURES have nothing
like the Importance they appear
to have"
This is true, he said, because the
estimate considers only those who
receive incomes as poSsessors Of
wealth.
AS to sharing the wealth, Mr..
Atwood said it is already being
shared, noting the tax paid by
those who report incomes of more
than a million.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1936-01-14
MOTORS, RAILS,
OILS SET PACE
ON MARKET
By LESLIE GOULD

NEW YORK. Jan. IA QN.SO.
Motors, oils and rails set the pace
in a strong and moderately &C.
tive market today in which mum.
Der of highs for 1885 were
reached.
A feature of the trading was
the turnover of a number of large
sized blocks of stock, including
10000 Remington Rand. 10000
Socony Vacuum and 10000 Will
son and Company.
With the dollar turning steady,
the mild amount Of European sell.
ing of American securities noted
last week has apparently dried up
and instead some new foreign buy.
ing is developing, particularly in
the rails.
The earnings statement of viii.
son and Company released yester.
day continued to give the packing
issues a buoyant tone with both
Armour and Wilson entering new
high ground.
The spread of crude oil price
boosts to the East stimulated new
activity in the oil shares, with
Consolidated Oil. Texas Corpora
ton, Standard of California and
Pure Oil all making new highs.
Southern Pacific and Union
Pacific set new high marks in the
rails.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1936-01-14
COTTON STEADY
ANDHIGHER

NEW YORK, Jan. IA QNS).
Cotton futures continued steady
and slightly higher in later trad.
ing with the near. months begin
ming to reflect the short covering
resulting from the Government
POOLS delivery announcement
while the distantS held about un.
changed in the face Of Far East
ern liquidation.
Hedging increased somewhat as
the session progressed. In addi-
ton to Far Eastern pressure on
the distant contracts, the South,
cooperative and spot houses were
also selling. The trade and Liver
pool were providing good support
and professionals and Wall Street
were buyers.
Officials of the AAA cotton pro-
ducers pool have declared that
they are not willing to sell their
holdings of some 1900 bales Of
January long futures at present
prices and as a consequence are
stopping notices and preparing to
take delivery. .. = e..
Towards noon the market was
steady. March was quoted at
lips, up 4; May, 1896. UP 2:
July, 1858, up /, and October.
1910, unchanged.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1936-01-14
GRAIN FUTURES
DULL, NARROW

CHICAGO, Jan. IA GNs).
Grains were little changed in dull
early dealings today.
Back-spreading operations, in
the way of selling May and buy.
ing July, constituted the principal
activity in the wheat market. Dull
flour demands and poor export
outlet were responsible for the
switching operations. and as a re-
suit May wheat lost ground. while
July gained.
Near mid-seaSon wheat was l4c
off for May and " to Ac up for
deferred options. Corn, which
chiefly followed wheat, was hsc
lower to 1sc higher, oats I'M
changed and rye zee UP. May
wheat sold below a dollar.
Foreign markets held steady.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1936-01-14
Chicago Produce

CHICAGO. Jan. II S1-7,s4S
tubs; weak; old cars. II; new. 3; extras,
SSc: standards. 32Nc: extra firsts. 32k
dS2kc; firsts. Six d8I=ic; seconds,
301Ac: specials, az. n sac
Eggs-7.39s cases: weak; old cars. S;
current receipts. 9Oc: fresh extra firsts.
less than cars, 20 fresh firsts. less than
cars, 21l2c; dirties, lie: checks. lec.
Cheese Twins IN 017%c; single
Daisies and Longhorns. 1e@1SAc.
Live Poultry-Steady; turkeys ana
young toms. 20c; old toms. lsc: hens
16921e; Leghorns. lS917c; ROSTERS, 1891
ducks. 14022c; geese. 12@16e: chickens.
lsc; Leghorns, lie.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1936-01-14
Cleveland Livestock

CLEVELAND, Ohio, Jan. IA Q.N.s).
few sales strong top, $1O.25.
Cattle-Receipts 275; all grades slow
with a tendency for lower prices.
Calves--Recepts 800; good calves &C.
tive and strong; top $13; medium and
out grades steady.
sheep-Receipts 1000; good lambs
selling fully steady.
The Omaha guide., 1936-12-12

Columbus, O., Dec. 2 (C)-The
Ohio Supreme court ruled Thurs
day that operators of retail stores
may refuse to sell merchandise to
Negroes when it refused to review
decision Of the Cuyahogo County
Court of Appeals, which held that
women's apparel shop in the Ter
minal Building, Cleveland, was
within its rights in refusing to sell
to Miss Elton Sissle, colored, The
Court of Appeals reversed a de-
cision of the Cleveland Municipal
court, which awarded Miss Sissle
500 damages. The Appeals Court
held retail stores are private
business not within the provisions
OF he civil rights statue"
The Omaha guide., 1936-12-12
A CASKET BUSINESS
IN CLEVELAND, OHIO

Cleveland. Dec. II (ANPl-J.
Walter Willis, ir., of the firm Of
Willis and Son, undertaken, who
operate one of the largest under
taking Establishments in the eoun-
try are about to embark in the
business of casket making. Young
Willis returned to the city Thurs
das after spending some time in
the factory Of the Crown Casket
II torv IN st. Paul. MINI. The cask-
ct end Of the business viii be known
as Wflea Products. Willis and Son
recently began the installation Of a
hallway leading to their chapel, a
mosaie mosterria e worth $4,000.
The Omaha guide., 1936-12-12
First Girl Student
At Lincoln II. Dies

Jefferson City. Mo, Dec. u (By
Elizabeth Cobb for AMP Mrs.
Mary Chapel, SO years old, a for
mer slave and first girl student at
cid lincoln Institute, now Lincoln
university, passed away Wednes-
day at the State hospital in Full
tom She was widely known here.
where she had lived most Of her
life and had attended school at
z .nealn shortly after the Civil War.
Last rites for the oe,ogenarian were
held Sunday at Second Baptist
shurch. the Rev A. ". Ross off
eiating.
The Omaha guide., 1936-12-12
RANDOLPH AND CHESTER.
SPEAK TO TAMPA, FLA,
LONGSHOREMEN

One of the most remarkable meet
ings held in Tampa, Fla, during
the Convention of the American
Federation of Labor, was by and for
the Longshoremen. This Union is
affiliated with the A. F. OF l..
through the International Long
shoremen's Assn of which Joseph
Ryan is president.
W. P. Webster, first international
vice president of the Brotherhood of
Sleeping Car Porters made the
main speech in which he recount
ed the struggle of the pullman por-
tiers to win recognition from the
Pullman Co. and the National Medi-
ator Board and the International
Charter from the American FEEDER
alton of Labor. He stirred an aud
fence of five hundred Negro Long
shoreman to high enthusiasm when
he stated that the Negroes of the
south were held down by any ina
ginary fear and that the organic
ed Uegro workers such as the Long
shoremen and the Pullman Port
ers, and workers sPR. -; =,
ers and not Preachers, business or
professional men, had to lead the
Negro race out of mental slavery.
Webster continued that the time had
come for the Negro worker to real
ize that they could not depend up
on the co-called friends, white or
black, but that they had to- depend
upon themselves to effect the solu-
ton of their economic problems, to
raise their wages, reduce hours of
work and improve their working
conditions.
Mr. Phillip Randolph, Information
al President of the Brotherhood
counselled that organization was
the main road to economic security
and power
Mr.. E. Rhone, International Or
ganizer Of the International Long
shoremen Assn. located at Mobile,
Ala, gave an interesting talk to.
Longshoremen in terms Of their
practical craft problems.
This Union of Longshoremen is
only one year old and now has a.
membership f 1000 or more men,
with a few whites who contrary to.
the traditional custom in the south,
meet with the Negroes in the same
hall and don't sit on opposite sides
of the hall but they all sit together.
The immediate problem of this
Union is to develop a closed shop
and raise their pay approximating
the level of other ports. The pre-
sident is J.. L. Lavell, secretary
Michael Lazarus and the vice pre-
sident Percy Harvey.
The Omaha guide., 1936-12-12
DEDICATE NEW SAME.
SCHOOL IN so. AFRICA

Maitland, S. C., Dec. Il (ANP)
"A new African Methodist Epis-
copal School has been opened At
11th street, Kcnsington Estate,
Maitland. The d~edicatory exercises
took place on Saturday My. 9TH,
the ceremony being performed by
Ii. s. van der Nerve. acting super
inten9ent general Of education fer
the Cape.
Tie program for The school was
started by the former Bishop of
The area. David d. Sims, but the
dedication was delayed in the hope
The Omaha guide., 1936-12-12
She LOST 20
POUNDS OF FAT

Feel full of pep and possess the
slender form you crave-yOu can't
If you listen TO gossipers.
To take off excess fat 60 light on
fatty meats. butter. cream and sug-
AIRY sweets = cat more fruit and
vegetables and take "a half teaspoon
full of krusehen Salts in "a glass OF
hot water every m%c~1ipa - a1irpi-
nate excess waste.
Mrs. Elma Verille o. Hfas de
Grace, Md, writes. Il took off 20
lbs,-my clothes fit me fine Now"
No drastic cathart cs-no eonati-
patiuu-8ul lliaai4 &c
ton when You take yOuI u1Ls ally
dose Of Kruschen.
The Omaha guide., 1936-12-12

that Bishop r. r. Wright, the new
prelate might arrive. Bishop Wright
will not reach Cape Town until
Dec. LIST.
The Omaha guide., 1936-12-12

A. p. Al am sending you a
question so here | GO: Does the man
/ love care for me or not? Should
I go farther with him or have |
gone too far?
Ans: Just what do you mean by
going too far! According to my
foresight..-.-you have already gone
as far as anyone could possibly go
and now there isn't much more to
find out about each other. It is my
opinion this mar will never become
your husband and suggest that you
do not become too attached to each
other.
The Omaha guide., 1936-12-12

L. B.-I want to send my daugh-
tel and SON to school to make a
nurse and doctor. Will they ever
make the grade?
Ans: This is truly a noble spirit
on your part little mother, and /
urge you to let nothing come be-
tween you and this ambition. With
your help and encouragement your
children will, I believe, reach this
goal you are setting for them. Good
luck and God bless you.