davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1936-04-05

going on since 1927, but it Is only since
the Summer of 1884 that We have been
permitted to make public the results
of our findings.
In analyzing these accidents, 1t Is
apparent that no two are alike, ana
the causes, or contributory causes, are
greatly varied. This is encouraging,
since it demonstrates no single causa-
ton factor OF great concern.
Bad weather, which used to be one
of the many seemingly insurmountable
obstacles to the development OF nylng,
now stands with its back against the
wall, the last enemy Of safety in air
transportation to be conquered by
aeronautical scientists. other Toes OF
progress in the air, such as unreliable
power plants. improperly designed and
constructed aircraft, imperfect mate
rial, improper training and incom-
petent airmen. all have run up the
white flag against the continuous at
tacks by aeronautical scientists and
industrialists. However. one more
enemy turks In the darkness and ne
never will be conquered-the element
that causes the human being to make
the wrong decision at the wrong time.
But even this enemy OF everything
progressive can be subdued to the point
where 1t Is seldom encountered and
great progress on this front has al
ready been made.
Ice Deposits Form on Wings.
But back to the tangible and more
material problem before us. Bad
weather to the airman is not dark
clouds and rain. The science Of afr
craft operation has now progressed to
the point where the airman either
climbs above the rain or fog or flies
right through it on instruments. II
that's all there were to the problem
Evening star., 1936-04-05

of weather, we would never have .
delay or cancellation. But old man
weather brings ice deposits on the
wings. control surfaces. propellers and
in carburetors, and he also covers over
the airport of destination itself with
a shroud Of fog. These allies Of the
common enemy are known and there
will be more about them later.
Representative of the pilot error
type Of accident was one which Oc-
CURED near Cheyenne, Wyo., in which
nine passengers, a pilot, a co-pilot and
stewardess lost their lives. Flying
on a direct radio course toward the
Cheyenne airport. the airplane struck
the ground few feet below the top of
small knoll, rebounded and contin-
ued through the air for a distance OF
l,120 feet, where 1t came to rest. There
was no evidence Of mechanical failure.
Landing gear wheels were retracted,
proving that the pilot was not prepar-
ing to land. There was evidence that
the pilot was practicing flying on in
struments, although the weather was
clear, and the bureau concluded that
the pilot had erred in judging his alti-
tude. his distance from the airport, OF
both.
Many Causes Advanced.
On the latest tragedy, near Good
win. Ark, which cost the lives of IA
passengers and three crew members,
the bureaus statement first re.
counted theories which had been ad-
vanced, but which were not sup
ported by the evidence, as follows:
(a) Structural failure Of the con-
trolls, control surfaces or any part
Of the airplane resulting in uncon-
Probability; o. passenger interfer-
ence. and (c) erroneous instruments.
Each Of these theories was discussed
and discarded for lack of proof The
report then touched on three others:
Id Passenger being shown the pi-
lots compartment, te) one fuel tank
running dry, and % co-pilot alone
at controls. These were regarded as
possibilities.
The report then stated: 1T is prob
able that some occurrence similar to
those described in the foregoing SUBJ
paragraphs Id, te) and d) caused q
Evening star., 1936-04-05

change In the flight path Of the air.
plane just prior to the accident. The
evidence does not support q state
ment rs to the exact nature of this
occurrence, but points to the con-
clusi0n that II 1t actually took place
it was of a minor nature which would
have been easily and safely corrected
had the airplane been flying at suf.
ficient altitude.
Based on the knowledge or infor-
nation in possession Of this agency, 1t
Is the opinion of the Bureau of Air
Commerce that. although flying at .
low altitude may have contributed to
the cause Of this accident. the prob
able cause or causes thereof cannot be
determined"
Structural Failure.
A structural failure accident oc-
CURED near Gilmer, Tex, when an air.
plane first lost q part Of a propeller
blade, which wrenched the left out
board engine out of its mounting.
Attempting an emergency landing
with the Airplane in this unbalanced
condition. the pilot apparently lost
control. The resulting crash cost the
lives of the pilot, co-pilot and two
passengers.
As q result Of this accident, air.
planes with similar propeller installa-
tions were temporarily grounded until
the bureau had made certain that
their propellers were airworthy and
safe.
In miscellaneous operations, head
ing which covers charter flying. stu
dent instruction, special commercial
services, private f1ying-in fact, every
thing in civil flying outside Of air line
operation-personnel errors normally
account for at least half Of the acci-
dents. One reason for this Is the
relative inexperience of some Of the
pilots. In an effort to reduce acci-
dents in private flying due to inexperi-
ence, the bureau is working with the
industry to develop types of aircraft
that are safer and easier for the novice
to operate.
Contributions to the high ratio Of
personnel errors in private and mis-
cellaneous flying are made by airmen
like the crop busting pilot, ferrying
his airplane from one job to another,
Evening star., 1936-04-05

the bureau undertakes it or encour-
ages the industry to do so. Thus. a
device for breaking up ice as 1t forms
on the wings and tail surfaces was
developed by the industry; singer
ring to spread fluid on the propeller
and keep ice from forming there was
brought out by Bureau of Air Com
merce engineer in cooperation with
the industry; the problem Of ice con-
ditions In the carburetor is being sue
cessfully met by our experts and the
industry, and instrument landings for
air liners are not far distant.
Difiiculty with radio reception, due
to rain and snow static, has caused
trouble, and the bureau now is CO.
operating with experts in their aero
nautics and radio industries in study
ing these problems.
We have good measure Of safety
Evening star., 1936-04-05
BY EUGENE L. VIDAL.


Serious airline accidents within the
last two years have caused much public
discussion of safety in the air, and un-
founded rumors as to the cause of
these misfortunes. The Bureau of Air
Commerce has investigated each of
13 fatal crashes which it has publicly
reported since authorized nearly two
years ago, only one was unsolvable or
remained mysterious. While our find
ings in this instance have not been
withheld. certain analysis might be
made publicly at this time.
Five years ago, the air lines were
flying 100000 passenger miles per
passenger fatality. At that rate, an
air traveller might go aboard an air.
plane every morning Of the year, fly
1000 miles every day, and keep this
up day after day for 10 years before
he would be due for fatal accident.
That would be his flight expectancy.
Today his flight expectancy would
be 60 years of flying. at the rate of
1000 miles a day. 365 days a year-six
times as much or as safe as 1t was
years ago. Before reviewing spe-
cifically the cases which have caused
discussion, believe it is fitting to en-
phasize this six-fold increase in the
safety factor in 5 years.
Accidents Investigated.
Each and every serious accident has
been and will be investigated by the
Bureau of Air Commerce. Both
private and public inquiries have been
made and the Investigations have
covered technical causes. personnel
meteorological conditions, radio, and
of course the remote, and in my view
fantastic supposition Of some criminal
activity. These inquiries have been
Evening star., 1936-04-05
POWERS HOLD UP
PAPERS RELEASE
Publication of American
Diplomatic Documents
Delayed IS Years.
Nv the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The refusal of several world powers
10 release important state papers until
they had aged into history was re-
ported yesterday to have delayed pub
lication of American diplomatic docu-
nnents more than Is years.
Some of the governments OF the
so-called leading powers" Cyril
Wynne, chief of the State Depart
ment's Division of Research and Pub
Hcation, said, have objected to the
l5-year gap as being too close to cur
rent events.
Consents Recently Given.
Consents to publish documents In
the three volumes of 1920 papers 1.-TWO
have lust been published and one IS
now on the presses were obtained only
last year after earnest and repeated
representatious made by our diplo-
matte officials to the foreign offices
of those powers"
Wynne made the disclosure to a
congressional committee in explana-
ton of why volumes containing Amer
lean diplomatic history were always
published at least Is years after the
events to which they pertain.
The State Department official did
not name the reluctant nations, but
the generally accredited list OF major
powers includes Great Britain France,
Japan and Soviet Russia.
Wynne explained that compilations
of the American documents alone
could he accomplished to bridge the
pap between occurrence of the events
and the present, but that the volumes
would not only be incomplete, but
misleading if the correspondence OF
the foreign governments is omitted.
Permission Necessary.
Under diplomatic custom and usage
1t is necessary to obtain permission
of the foreign government before any
of its communications can be pub
lished.
The last volume published con-
tanned official documents concerning
American Cuban relations in 1920;
negotiations between the United States
and Germany concerning reparations
ships and dye deliveries, and the oc-
cupation of the Rhineland by the
allied and associated powers.
It also contained documents on
questions involving Great Britain
which grew out of the World Wal
and general relations with the Do
minican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt
Ethiopia, Finland, Greece, Guatemala
Haiti and Honduras.
Evening star., 1936-04-05

in flying now. but it can be increased.
The standards have risen steadily in
the past, and they will continue.
If the objection, is raised that one
exposes himself to no risk whatever
If he stays on the ground, the answer
is that he can avoid the risks Of the
streets and highways by staying out
Of automobiles, and If he does not
take bath, he will not run the risk
of stepping on the soap and possibly
breaking his neck.
(Copyright! 1896. by the North American
Newspaper Alliance. Inc.)
Evening star., 1936-04-05

New Low Down Pay.
ment which may easily be
covered by the trade.in
value of your present car,
delivers q completely
equipped 1886 Studebaker
St. Regis Sedan in Wash.
ington. Transportation,
preparation and new low
c. /. T. 6fo financing
charges all paid!
Evening star., 1936-04-05
EDUCATOR TO SPEAK

DR.. Robert Williams, president Of
Ohio Northern University, will be the
guest of Washington alumni of the
institution Tuesday at dinner IN
the University Club. Approximately
100 members OF the alumni organiza-
ton and their friends are expected
to attend.
DR.. John Wesley Hill, president OF
Lincoln Memorial University, is hon.
orary chairman of the committee In
charge and Kahl X. Spriggs, attorney,
Is acting chairman.
Evening star., 1936-04-05

University Club
at 7::30 pm,
Tuesday.
Attorney Kahl
K. Spriggs, acting
chairman on ar
rangementS, said
approx m a t e ! y
100 alumni would
attend.
DR.. John Wes-
ley Hill, president
of Lincoln Me-
mortal Univer-
sity, will act as
honorary chair
man. Also on the
committee for
Evening star., 1936-04-05

the dinner are Lieut.. Col. Roy S.
Atwood, Jay Wingard and James E.
Fusco.
Senator Bulkley and Representa-
tive Fletcher of Ohio and Representa-
tives Robsion of Kentucky and Snyder
of Pennsylvania are expected to at
tend.
Evening star., 1936-04-05
Vidal Reuie,vs Fatal Crashes,
Citing Six-Fold Safety Increase
Cood,oin, Ark., Tragedy,
Killing IL, Only One
UnsOIued.
Cites Devices Developed
to Combat Hazards
offered by Elements.

In uieto of widespread reports OF
sabotage and racketeering in re-
cent tragic airline crashes, the
North American Newspaper Alli-
ance has asked the Director OF Air
Commerce OF the Department OF
Commerce to make public the facts
disclosed in his departments inues-
LEGATIONS. Mr.. Vidal, iUho is in
charge OF all CiUil Aeronautics in
the United States. is a pilot OF IS
years experience. as ,Uell as one OF
the pioneers in airplane deUelop.
ment tDOrk.
Evening star., 1936-04-05
Served Royalty so Years.

After so years as an employe Of
royalty, serving under three kings. r.
G. Walton has retired as foreman car.
penter at Sandringham, Eng.
Evening star., 1936-04-05
OHIO NORTHERN ALUMNI
TO HONOR WILLIAMS
Hundred or More to Attend Din
ner for University President
Here Tuesday.

DR.. Robert Williams, president of
Ohio Northern University. Will be
honor guest at a dinner of Washing
ton alumni of the institution at the
The Washington times., 1936-05-26
SIS Cash, Theoter Tickets, For
Casting These Actors

|stars and properly cast them for
these following roles:
Sergeant Victor, a handsome,
brave French Legionnaire; Major
Doyle, a clustering, hard-bitten
lie gion battalion commander;
Cigarette" darkeyed. flirtatious
desert beauty: Lady Venetia, a
proud, vivacious aristocrat who
mocks at emotions; Ivan, cour-
ageous Legionnaire with very
amusing dialect. Captain MenzieS,
crusty and cruel soldier; Rake, an
Englishman who is meek and al.
ways in trouble, and Lieutenant
Petain, sly, sneaky, and not to be
trusted.
How would you cast the above
eight stars for the eight roles listed
above? You know the talents Of
the above stars and the require
ments for the most important roles
in Under Two Flags" Now go
ahead and see how we'll you can
cast the stars? The best bit Of
casting will be rewarded with $40
in cash and $5 will be earned by
the three next best casting entries.
There will also be awarded ten
pairs Of guest tickets to Loew's
Palace Theater to see Under Two
Flags" hailed as an unforgettable
screen epic.
Be sure that the Under Two
Flags" editor receives your entry
not later than noon Friday.
The Washington times., 1936-05-26

How would you like to swap
places with Hollywood casting di-
rector for day?
Maybe you'll win yourself COM
pensating cash prize or be guest
of Loew's Palace Theater to see
what is heralded as one of the
years most engrossing dramas, if
you'll avail yourself of this oppor-
tunity.
Casting is a mighty important
undertaking in the production Of
motion pictures. No matter how
great a story may be, no matter
how outstanding the talents of the
stars considered for each role, they
must be ideally cast. And it is
said that one Of the finest Of all
Hollywood casting jobs was per.
formed for the filming Of Under
Two Flags, exciting spectacle OF
the French Foreign Legion, which
will be shown at Loew'S Palace
Theater this Friday.
Ronald Colman, Claudette Col
bert, Victor McLaglen, and Rosa
lind Russell, four great stars, have
important starring roles in Under
Two Flags. Nigel Bruce, c. Henry
Gordon, Herbert Mundin, and
Gregory Ratoff are others who
have highly important roles in sup
port. There are many other
capable players in a very large
cast.
Assume then, that 1t would be
your job to take the above eight
The Washington times., 1936-05-26
I Cover HOLLYWOOD

amazes one that some producer
doesn't sign her up for a dancing
epic. After all. last year in New
York she was a sensation on the
dance floor. Or maybe, they can't
remember that far back!
Thelma White "a little blonde
actoreen) is the proudest gal in
town these days on account of
Earl Carroll. He just stated that
she has the most beautiful knees
in the country, but so has Ann
Pennington-and I don't believe
she's working at the moment.
While on the subject Of speed: 4:
Hollywood is going air-minded
with a vengeance. First it was
Ruth Chatterton who flew up with
the greatest of ease and then
along came 19-year-old Cecile
Hamilton, the youngest woman
pilot in the land, who is now tutel-
ing Louise Henry. Mae Clarke,
Claudia Dell, Kay Linaker, and
others, in the gentle art of pilot.
ing Sammy White, who made
his film debut as a dancing come
dian in "Show Boat" informs the
breathless waiting public that he
is going in for the more serious
pursuits and. by way of proving
his pernt, he's studying grand
opera. AS a matter of fact, he's
learned already the score of one
opera and is on his second. Maybe
Columbia would like to hire him
to co-Star with Grace Moore.
The Washington times., 1936-05-26
M OWE
CLOCK.

RKO-KEITH'S-1rene Dunno in
"Show Boat" 1O:45 a. M, 1850,
1902, 5:14, 1925, 9:38 p. m.
FOX-Francis Lederer in zone
Rainy Afternoon" 11:00 a. M,
1875, 4:20, 7:1O, 1000 p. m.
Stage-12:35. 3:20. 6:10, 8:55
p. m.
EARLE-Grace Moore in 1.-THE
King Steps Out" 11:00 a. M,
1880, Ais, TOO, 9:45 p. m. Stage
-12:55, $40, 6:25. 9:10 p. m.
LITTLE-Gary Cooper in "The
Lives of a Bengal Lancer" 11:0O
a. m, 1:O7, 3:14, 5:21. 1928.
9:35 p. m.
PALACE-Janet Gaynor, Robert
Taylor in Small Town Girl" 4"
11:45 a. m, 2:15, 4:30. 700,
$3.50 p. m.
METROPOLITAN - Richard Dix
in Devils Squadron" 1920
a. M, lis, S:15, 5:25, 1880.
COLUMBIA-Paul cavanagh in
Champagne Charlie" 11:15
a. M, 1855, 2:5O. 4:3o, 6:10,
sos, 1000 p. m.
BELASCO Ecstasy" at 1905.
2:O5, 4:o5. 6:05. sos. 1905,
11:30 p. m.
HOWARD-Joan Bennett, Fred
MacMurray in "13 Hours BY
Air." 1890. 400, 7:05, 1918
p. m. Stage-Teddy Hill and
his orchestra, 2:40, $50, 9:10
p. m.
The Washington times., 1936-05-26
BY LLOYD PANTAGEs

HOLLYWOOD. May 26.-Topics
Of the dazed. Thought you'd be
cheered to garner a few statistics
on that sensational stage play,
Tobacco Road" It's now in its
third year and bids fair to rival
the run of "Abie's Irish Rose" :"
which amused audiences for five
years. Ever since it first took to
the boards it has been crossing not
less than $4,000 a week, and the
royalties to Erskine Caldwell (who
wrote the novel;, and to Jack
Kirkland (who did the dramatiza-
tion), now hit around $500 a
week each and every seventh day.
What's more, the play is expected
to gross around $4,000, 900 before it
gives up. Too bad it was too cen
sorable for the movies - then
they'd all have been rich like
CroeSuS.
The assistant director on the
location Of "Ramona" is really
having his troubles assembling the
Indian ThespianS before the
camera. Their names in the first
place are so Historically funny as
is proven by the following bit of
conversation one may hear most
The Washington times., 1936-05-26
Shaw at
Earle May %

Wini Shaw, Warner Bros. fea-
ture player who has gained ma
tional recognition as one Of the
screens favorite singers, will come
to the Earle in person starting
Friday, May 20. Announcement
Of Miss Shaw's booking was made
today by John j. Payette, Warner
Bros. general zone manager for
the Washington territory.
Since she appeared at the Earle
a year ago, THE Lady in Red"
has had an active screen career,
appearing in six films. These in
clude THE Case Of the Curious
Bride" Broadway Hostess" " The
Singing Kid" and three pictures
not yet releaSed-"Hard Luck
Dame" '"The Case of the Velvet
Claws" and Sons O. Guns" the
last the new Joe E. Brown mu-
sical comedy.
Tall and StatueSque, Winifred
Lei Momi-to give Wini the real
name which is accounted for her
by English-Irish-H Hawaiian heri.
tage-began her stage career at
six, when she appeared with her
parents in vaudeville. Later she
made a distinctive hit in various
Broadway musical productions and
revues, resulting in her screen hit.
Two songs-"The Lady in Red, "
in I'm Caliente," and Lullaby Of
Broadway in Gold Diggers Of
1885," established Miss Shaw on
the screen. Since then she has
had ample opportunity not only
to sing but act in a wide variety
of roles.
The Washington times., 1936-05-26
D. c. Has MQny
Two Flags
Veterans

The quest Of the Loew's Palace
management for men who have
served under two or more flags is
gaining momentum, with seven
military heroes thus far having
responded. These seven, along
with others who may be diScov.
cred within the next few days, will
be guests Of honor at the Palace
Friday night at which time the
screen drama, Under Two Flags"
will make its local debut.
The following Washingtonians
have qualified as Under Two
Flags" men:
Col. Edward H. McCrahon, Of
1785 Columbia Rd., who served in
the Mexican Punitive Expedition
ary Forces, the French army and
in the last war as a member Of
the A. E. F..
Major John A. Maigret, 312
Hume St., Alexandria, who was a
member Of the French and Cana
dian military services.
Mr.. A. M. Morris, 424 Warner
st. N. w., who served with the
British and American armies.
Lieut.. Won Zastrow, who was a
German flying ace during the last
war and after the armistice few
with the Russian air forces. He
is secretary Of the International
War Birds.
w. B. Covert, 1902 Meridian Pl.
N. w., of the U. S. and Canadian
armies, and Louis Gade, 901 Thir-
teenth st. N. w., also a former
Canadian and American army
hero.
Lieut.. Sam Goldberg of the
AAA, who served with the A. e. F.,
British and French armies
The Washington times., 1936-05-26
Warner Bros. Now Sounding Out
Industry on Countrywide Problem
Tobacco Road
Final Week

Tobacco Road" Jack Kirk
lands soaring dramatic portrait Of
the Georgia share croppers,
opened a third and final week at
the National Theater last night.
With Henry Hull as Jester Les
ter" shiftless and Immoral head
of the worthless clan, this drama
has been one Of the most widely
discussed and prosperous in Wash
ington's stage history.
In the supporting cast are Mary
Serves, Donald Barry, Pauline
Drake, Hallene Hill, Leon Ames,
Dick Lee, Priscilla Knowles, Haila
Stoddard, Howard Banks and
FiSke O'Hara.
Tobacco Road" winds up the
Nationals regular season with the
final performance next Sunday
The Washington times., 1936-05-26
Guy Kibbee Adopts
Old Chinese Custom

Guy Kibbee, playing a featured
role with Anne Shirley in RKO
Radios "M'liss," has adopted a
Chinese custom which he claims
definitely has its merits. He pays
his physician $1,000 a year to keep
we'll!
Under the agreement, Kibbee
pays his doctor the specified sum
unless he is Ill, when deductions
are made. The actor is required
to visit his doctor once q month
for a check-up.
The Washington times., 1936-05-26
DOUBLE FEATURES POLL
Washington as Nations No.
Theoter-Going City Is Free
Of GROWING Evil
By ANDREW R. KELLEY

In the national poll which Warner Brothers is taking
exhibitors editors critics. theaer managers and others in the
industry the question to whether double features
are desirable, Washington is excluded.
The omission of the National Capital because the policy
two pictures program not problem in this
city or in this theater operation territory.
To be those who heaping order OF ceuod at
one sitting may Ninth Street. in what called
the subsequent rum movie theaers which play pictures that
have completed their engagements in frsrun houses and in
the preferred neighborhood cinemas
The Washington times., 1936-05-26

amy day on the set: "Hey, Laugh
ing Water and Running Black
Cloud and Helen Skyeagle, go
over with White Dove and Little
F1ower-and you, Spotted Elk and
Wheeling Hawk, come forward
with Foamy Water"-and such.
James Dunn has cut his personal
appearancing practically in the
middle so he can be in the pit
for Wilbur Shaw when the latter
takes his car hurtling around the
track at the Indianapolis 500
mile classic.
Now that Louise Brooks has de
cided to crash the movies it