davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1936-03-22
North African Desert
Becoming Air.Minded

The sheik riders of Northern Africa
are trading their best Arab horses as
part payment for swift airplanes. In
Morocco and Algiers, from Rabat to
Tunis and Tripoli. the African popu-
lace and French colonists alike have
become air-minded
According to travellers arriving In
this country who had visited that part
of the world. hitherto more or less in
accessible cases away inland have sud-
denly acquired a new and tangible
value. Desert princes are establishing
homes thereon, using their planes for
personal transportation and supply
purposes and incidentally assuring
themselves Of security and privacy
for their individual harems. Morocco
alone, these travellers report, is now
equipped with over 800 excellent land
ing fields, and desert travel by air has
already acquired permanency.
Evening star., 1936-03-22
War Horses HOnored
With Iron Crosses

SEES HAUPT. Germany tP.-1ron
crosses and pensions of oats are the
newest gestures of appreciation to
1.l64 equine veterans of the World
War.
Much of the work of keeping track
OF these horses, among the survivors
of the 100000 which we're at the front,
is in the hands of H. Finus, an agri-
culturalist, who volunteered for the
job.
1t Is estimated that there are 1000
such veterans in Germany, but not
all of them have been registered.
Eighty-flve per cent of those with rec.
ords on file are cared for by front SOL
diers: 2l8 of them were wounded.
The youngest equine survivor is %
years old, now in the possession of an
Allgaeu farmer. and the oldest is 60
a horse that once carried an Ulan at
the front. but now pulls a plow in
Hanover.
Little white disks with an iron cross
on them and the word "Kriegskam-
erad''-"War Comrade"-are given
the horses. Those owned by poor per-
sons get daily rations of oats, paid for
by the government.
Evening star., 1936-03-22
|CUEVARA BECS FILIPINOS
TO PRESERVE u. s. TIES
Former Resident Commissioner Here
Tells Islanders Cuban ''Freedom"
Has Led to Oppression.

reason given is that the interests OF
England. France and other nations
in the Far East will not permit such
eventuality.
I'VE must bear in mind, however,
that economic conditions may be the
determining factor of the integrity Of
Philippine territory. People cannot
| forever live on idealism, and the pres.
ent economic structure Of our coun.
try may be an irresistible inducement
for land grabbers and other peoples
seeking expansion. We must not close
our eyes to events taking place around
us-to the spectacle of countries older
in culture, superior in population
being dismembered and their terri
torial integrity violated seemingly
with impunity."
Turning his attention to domestic
conditions, Mr.. Guevara warned
| against the disturbance of the present
standard Of living in the Philippines.
Il must take exception" he said. Ito
the general belief prevailing among
some of our leaders of thought that
our masses can go back happily to the
| old days when they lived in nipa huts
as small tenants with nothing to look
forward to but small bowl of rice
after hard day in the field.
Accustomed to Comforts.
Our masses are accustomed to an
entirely different mode of life They
have learned what misery is, and they
look at the well to do as an example
of social injustice. They have learned
to live comfortable life, with certain
modern conveniences They have
learned to dress in the latest styles.
Since this is the case, it has become
our duty to plan how our people can
continue their onward march to better
standards of living. 1t is too late to
retreat and this is why I believe that
our fundamental concern at present Is
how We can live in a free country
without impairing our welfare and
happiness.
Il want to see my country satisfy
her age-old longing for freedom, full
of vigor, robust, happy and eontented,
duly prepared to preserve what has
been won through centuries of strug-
1 gle. I wish to avoid the doom of quick
death for Philippine independence
once 1t has been attained. This is
why believe that, in view of present.
day world conditions, the question of
Philippine independence should be
considered without emotion and with
our eyes fixed on the future.
Il for one. still believe that, If our
people desire to preserve their cultural
and social identity, the best way of at
tanning it is 20 hold fast to the existing
relations between the United States
and the Philippines. This would mean
our economic, social and cultural SAL
vation.''
Evening star., 1936-03-22
Equatorial Conditions Being Created
AS New York's 'Midnig ght Suns Increase

NEW YORK.-In the course of its
dusk-to-dawn performance, Broad
ways midnight sun will be some g.
100000 watts brighter, nearer to
pedestrians. and hotter. within a few
weeks. And before Summer is over
there's no gainsaying right now what
the additional wattage will be. One
thing is as good as certain, if the
race for electrical ballyhoo continues
as it has started-there's only one So
luton for visitor and native-wear
smoked glasses and asbestos treated
garments if you want to walk down
the blazing way with any feeling of
security.
Building Race Continues.
Hardly is the steel structure of the
S. S. Normandy of signs completed
when habitues hear their thorough
fare may have an H. M. S. Queen Mary
OF billboards getting under construc-
tior shortly. few blocks away. What
this will lead to is any ones guess.
1t doesn't require much memory to
recall that the Metropolitan's long
boast Of being the tallest building was
upset finally by competition among
builders which witnesses such struc-
lures today as the Empire edifice and
rambling Radio City, among the top
pers.
The New York Edison Co. figures
the latest and largest sign will burn
1900 kilowatt hours of juice every
hour it is Illuminated. Any house
owner or tenant can get Immediately
a fairly accurate idea of what the
electric bills will be- AS for the
number of bulbs that will dot the sign,
all one has to do is to expend the
kilowatt hours into watts. In this
case it is done by multiplying 1890 by
1000. Take the total and divide it
by whatever you may estimate the
number Of watts in the average bulb,
and you'll come somewhere near sat-
isfying any curiosity about the size
Of the bulb bills which are coming
this advertisers way.
Wide as City Block.
The worlds largest sign is as wide
as city block and shoots up into
space for about rs feet Compare
lively speaking. for New York outdoor
advertising, it's close to the ground
since it Is atop new theater building
which Is itself less than six stories
high.
II other advertisers who threaten
to expand their signs to even greater
proportions ever get their plans in
operation, the light situation on
Broadway will be truly without prece-
Evening star., 1936-03-22
Earth's Undulations
Are Measured i'm Caves

TRIESTE @.-Deep in the grot-
toes of Postumia. Italian scientists
are measuring the tidal waves pro-
duced in the earths dry crust by the
gravital pull of the moon.
Caused by the same force that rolls
up tides at sea, these land waves are
inf1nitesimal and can be recorded
only by extremely delicate instru-
mentS
To "see" the earthS undulations,
young scholars working under Prof.
Luigi Camera of Naples mounted their
apparatus in caves protected from
surface jars by layers of solid rock.
One set of mirrors Is Fixed to the
rock of the cavern and another
swings ever SO slightly as the earth's
surface rises and falls. Reflected light
thus traces the movement on rolls Of
sensitized paper.
Evening star., 1936-03-22
n n ANILA.-A gloomy picture of
Nu the dangers that await an
independent Philippine re-
u ranthlin nraca oil kiar NTH thu

n n ANILA.-A gloomy picture of
|" the dangers that await an
independent Philippine re-
= public, once all ties with the
United States are severed, was pre-
sented by Pedro Guevara, former
Philippine resident commissioner in
Washington, in recent address before
a university student group.
At the risk of being attacked by
leaders Of his own people as a reac-
tionary and standing almost alone in
his campaign ito get my people to
see the light" Mr.. Guevara, speaking
as a private citizen for the first time
in 20 years, referred to the unrest all
over the world, spoke of the futility of
neutrality treaties, drew a vivid pic
ture Of the dangers Of Philippine
alliance with Japan and concluded
that the only safe course for Filipinos
to take, in view of present-day world
conditions, was to preserve the ties
that now bind the islands with the
United States. forgetting for the time
being all dreams of complete, abso-
lutte and immediate independence
Cites Misery in Cuba.
Picturing the difficulties that beset
Independent peoples of similar eco
nomic conditions, Mr.. Guevara cited
Cuba as an example. When I Wis
tied Cuba in the Summer of 1884"
he said, my heart was deeply touched
by the realization that national in
dependence may sometimes result in
collective suffering and human mis-
cry; that such independence may
sometimes be transformed into the
oppression of the people for whom
it was sought and fought. After all,
individual liberty and happiness is
more precious than political inde-
pendence
After referring to neutrality treaties
as useless in guaranteeing the inde-
pendence of any small country, Mr.
Guevara passed on to a Philippine
japanese alliance which has been
suggested in certain quarters as a
means Of insuring Philippine inde-
pendence. An alliance with Japan.
Mr.. Guevara warned, will mean the
political, economic and cultural abb
sorption of the Philippines by Japan
But If such an alliance must be
entered into as the best measure to
insure Philippine political and terri
torial integrity" he said, then it is
time that we started reshaping Philip
pine life and policies and the Filipinos
might as well start at once consider
ing modifying their system of educa
tion, revising their laws and working
out new mode of national life which
would best suit the Japanese concept"
Not few have given us the as
Surance," Mr.. Guevara continued
that Japan will never come to the
Philippines. Let us hope so. The
Evening star., 1936-03-22

v announcing the first appear
ance Of the totalitarian state
in the Western Hemisphere.
Cable dispatches from Asuncion re-
ported the establishment In Paraguay
Of totalitarian state, apparently pat
termed along lines familiar in certain
European countries. The exact ma
ture Of the new regime was not yet
clear to press correspondents, but they
were impressed by the use of the word
'totalitarian" in the somewhat drama
tic proclamation of Col. Franco and
they hastened to conclude that
Facism had arrived on the American
continent.
Students Of Ltin American political
history, however, do not have to take
the announcement so seriously. The
totalitarian state is, really, an old in
stitution south Of the Rio Grande. 1t
has not been known by that name, but,
what greater absolutism, one-party
rule, or one-man rule could be possible
than those characteristic of the nu-
merous dictatorial and personaliStic
governments which have figured 50
largely in the annals Of nearly every
one of the Latin American nations?
Totalitarian state? The Venezue-
lans had 1t for almost three decades
with Gomez, the Mexicans for even q
longer period had it with Diaz, the
Peruvians for IL years with Leguia, the
Cubans had it with Machado, the
Guatemalans with Estrada Cabrera,
the Nicaraguans with zelaya, to men,
ton only a few of the more recent
ones. During the nineteenth century
it was almost typical of Latin Ameri.
can politics. The Francias, Lopez,
Rozas, Melgarejos, Garcia Morenos.
Guzman BlancoS. Castros, ETC., were
alarmingly frequent.
Preceded MussoIini, Hitler.
When Mussolini was only q modest
corporal In the Italian army and
Hitler an even less conspicuous one
In the Kaiser's forces, the totalitarian
regime was living reality in Latin
America. AS matter of fact, in
many of the Southern republics,
which were then temporarily free of
that type Of government, it was re-
ferred to as thing of the past.
Paraguay, by the way, supplied
three of the more outstanding of the
early dictators who were the fore
runners of modern totalitarian lead
ers And it is no mere coincidence
that Col. Franco in his appeals for
popular support of the newly estab-
lished regime makes frequent, refer
ence to the glories and achievements
of all three Of them, Francia and the
two Lopez, father and son.
The program Of the "totalitarian"
government just set up in Paraguay
has been announced in q decree sign
ed by Col. Franco and widely pub
licized abroad. Its main points are:
l. The ruling party identifies itself
with the state.
2. 1t bans all political activity, ex-
cept its own, for one year.
8. All permanent activities of citi-
zens Of the republic are to be carried
out directly through state organiza-
tons.
4. All questions of social politics
are placed under the minister Of the
Evening star., 1936-03-22

dent in the world. In an atmospheric
sense it will mean that New York will
have its own equator-that the merger
of wattage will be so great that folk
may be able to forget about Florida
and violet ray machines. and get their
own Winter tan or sunburn right on
Broadway.
fCopyrght 1a36D
Evening star., 1936-03-22

literary pieces, adding substantially
thereby to their value. He will go to
infinite pains to add signature to a
genuine drawing which the artist
carelessly left unsigned. His knowl-
edge of the value of autographs will
also persuade him that a first edi-
ton is better with a signature than
without it; and he never fails to do
the necessary" as Sir Basil Zaharoff
Evening star., 1936-03-22

put it in connection with another sort
of business.
He is panied to see rare books with
missing pages or fly leaves, and you
can rely on him to remedy the defect
with promptness and uncanny skill.
But every time a set-up like the
Courtauld one will detect the fraud
unless every material and chemical
the faker has used In the process is
Evening star., 1936-03-22
Silent Horns Cut Accidents.

The enforced silencing Of auto
mobile horns, except In cases Of ex.
treme emergency, is credited with
reducing trafiic accidents in Sweden.
Evening star., 1936-03-22
SEA PROBLEMS SOLVED
BY FLIGHT NAVIGATORS
Difficulties i'm Air Are COntrasted With
Conditions in Plotting Surface
Vessels Across Pacific.

The Navigator lDho accompanied
the China Clipper on its initial
flight from San Francisco to Nd
Mia and return tells here OF the
navigation problems peculiar to
firing and contrasts them tOith his
experience 20 years ago as nduigd-
tion officer of one OF the old SAIL
ing clipper ships. Mr.. Noonan is
navigating instructor OF the Pa
cifc division OF Pdn-Americdn
AirwdyS.
Evening star., 1936-03-22
BY GASTON NERVAL.

n EWSPAPER readers were sur
nj prised recently by headlines
v announcing the first appear
= ance Of the tot a lit a ria u Sf q fe
Evening star., 1936-03-22
81 RaphaeIs Turned Out.

1t was q mastery technician OF this
sort who, playing in with an interna-
tional gang of "con" men, flooded
South America with forged Murillos
some years ago. There are two. one
living In Paris and the other In Brus-
Montana labor news., 1936-08-13
.Coughlin Record Being
Examined

WASHINGTON.-(FP)-Th record
OF Father Charles Z. Coughlin, one of
the chief hackers Of the Union party. is
analysed here by Farm Research, Inc.
in its current bulletin, Facts for Farm
ers.
According TO the bulletin, published
by an independent research orqaniza-
ton, on April s, 1884, Coughlin told his
radio audience. Il will never change
my philosophy hat the New Deal is
Christ's deal" Two weeks later at a
dinner in Washington, Coughlin de-
nounced the NRA as Borrowed part
and parcel from Mussolini."
On March 3, 1885, Coughlin charged
Roosevelt "out Hoovered Hoover" but
on May II declared, Il still proclaim
to you it is either Roosevelt or ruin"
In the fall Of 1885 he again harshly
criticised the New Deal but on Decen-
Der l jumped back to say, 81 am for
the principles of the New Deal"
According to the bulletin Coughlin
told the Wall Street Journal newspaper
OF the fat boys, on June Is that he
might throw the support OF lis Ma
tional Union for Social Justice to the
Republican party" After forming The
Union party, Coughlin admitted in an
exclusive interview with the New York
Sun that the new ticket is likely to re-
suit in the election Of Governor Ali NJ.
Landon."
The Sun added, "fhe prizes. made it
quite clear without saying it, that as
between Roosevelt and his New Deal
ard I,andon he would prefer the cleo
ton Of the Kansan.'
Facts for Farmers also points out
that Coughlin, as well as I.andon, has
Hearst connections. He has been
given Hearst endorsement, he bulletin
says, and has been a guest at the
Hearst ranch in California.
In Campaigning for nj ton he has
had the support Of Hea s. newspapers.
Hearst OWES the Home,tak NINE, the
most valuable gold mine III the world,
and also controls rich silver mines in
Peru. Thus any measuf S which would
result IL to5sting the price OF gold or
silver are to Hearst's advantage.
Other items in the record of Cough
lin mentioned in the bulletin are his
conversion to a cheap money policy
after a conference on October %, 1882,
with George Leblanc, former vice
president Of the Equitable Trust Co.,
and Robert M. Harriss, well known
silver Spectator. When the q. S.
Treasury in April, 1884, revealed a list
OF the silver spectators, Amy Collins,
Coughlin's secretary, headed the list in
Michigan.
Though constantly inveighing against
the money changers and international
Bankers, Coughlin's meeting in New
York, according to the New York
Times, was sponsored by Frank A.
Vanderlip and James N. Rand and
other leaders Of business and finance"
Nanderlip was president OF the Ma
tional City Bank Of New York during
the World War and afterwards while
Rand, head Of the Remington Rand
corporation, is a member Of the com
mittee for the Nation, closely akin to
the Liberty League.
When Coughlin, Lemke and others
met OF June 2lst to map the strategy
OF the Union party, they gathered at
the summer estate of Francis P. Kee-
Ion, the New York silver broker the
bulletin remarks.
Montana labor news., 1936-08-13
Some Fascist Connec-
of Republican Party

While the general membership. OF
the Republican party is not interested
in fostering Jim-Crovism, anti-S Semi
tism, r%ed-baiting and heavy spending
for a bigger military establishment, the
financial hackers OF that party are, ac-
eording to the findings published by the
Black Lobby Committee. Outstand-
ing supporters OF the Republican party
were found to be supporters of the
American Liberty League, the Amer.
lean Federation OF Utility Investors,
American Taxpayers League, the Cru
saders, the Economists National Com
mittee on Monetary Policy, the Farm
ers independence Council, the League
for Industrial Rights, Minute Men and
Women OF Today National Economy
League, New York State Economic
Council, Sentinels OF the Republic.
Southern Committee to Uphold the
Constitution and Women Investors of
America, Inc. In all about IS societies
were investigated. The DuPonts, the
Morgans, MELONS, Rockefellers, Z. F.
Hutton and the Sun Oil Company were
among those named as hackers.
The National Republic, a mon. par.
tisan' magazine "of fundamental
A%mericanism," is edited by Walter S.
Steele, described as a former secretary
OF the Delaware County (Ind.) Re
publican Central Committee. The
magazine was called the National Re.
publican before it came under the con-
troll Of Mr.. Steele, and among its sup
porters have been James J. Davis, John
w. Weeks, John 7. Adams, Charles D.
Hilles and Claudius H. Huston, the first
two former cabinet members and all Of
them Republican National Committee.
men. Rep. Frank Murphy (Ohio) and
Former Rep. Carl Riddick (Mont.)
wrote letters to Republican party mem
bers TO solicit funds for the support Of
the magazine. L. DUPONT also wrote
personal letters to the stockholders of
the DeNemours Company, recommend
ing that they become Interested in"
the American Federation of Investors,
Inc.
The investigation OF the Black
Legion has disclosed that the Wolver.
inc Republican Club OF Detroit, before
which a high state official made his
keynote speech, is a blind for the Sc
cret %terroristic order. Men who hold
posts in the city, county and state gov
ernments were found on the rolls OF the
Black Legion, among them approx
mately one-third OF the police force Of
Pontiac, Mich.
Montana labor news., 1936-08-13

IIAYE you ever used frozen cof-
1 / fee In place of the usual ice
cubes or Clipped ice, when serving
iced-coffee? 1t is one way to pre-
vent loss of the full refreshing
flavor in this popular summer bev-
erage which might otherwise happen
because of the ice diluting the drink.
Frozen coffee cubes not only add
a decorative touch TO your coffee
service but will cause your family
or guests - enjoy this universal
drink more than ever before.
Many housewives list ~iced-coffee
as one of their favorite summer bev-
erages because of its ease of prep
a%ration, the fact that it goes we'll
with any meal and can be made
from staple supplies which are al
ways on hand in every kitchen.
Ieed-coffee makes an excellent sum-
mer drink especially because of its
inyigorating qualities.
In preparing ~iced-coffee, make it
in the same manner as you would
the coffee for every meal. using the
usual proportions of coffee and
Montana labor news., 1936-08-13
Joint Organizing Activity Plan
ned as Auto and Rubber Inter-
ationaIs Line Up With Indus
trial Groups; Split Held Gin
conceivable"

WASHINGTON-(UNS) r Annou-
ncing the addition of two new unions
to its ranks, the Committee for In
dustrial Organization met in Wash
ington to mobilize its full strength be-
hind the campaign to organize the steel
industry.
All of the 10 previously affiliated I'M
ions were represented at the meeting.
They voted to accept into membership
the United Automobile Workers OF
America and the United Rubber Work
ers Of America, whose spokesman,
Pres. Homer Martin and Vice Pres.
Thos. F. Burns respectively, were pre-
sent at the meeting signified their read
mess to affiliate.
The II national and International I'M
ions now associated with the CLIO. re-
present a membership of approximately
1,250,00O.
Chairman Philip Murray of the Steel
Workers Organizing Committee re-
ported fully on the launching of the
steel drive, and the greater part Of the
meeting wa devoted to planning ex-
p~ansion of the campaign and coordin-
ating efforts in steel with the organ
izing work Of the CLIO. unions in the
auto, rubber, textile and other indus
tries.
Gadsden Situation
Announcing that support would be
given to the organizing campaigns OF
the United Auto Workers and the I'm
tied Rubber Workers, Chairman John
L. Lewis of the CLIO. called particular
Montana labor news., 1936-08-13
TWO MORE UNIONS JOIN c. 10.
AS BIG STEEL DRIVE Is PRESSED

attention to the situation in Gadsden,
Ala. In this city, which has large steel,
textile and rubber plants, Pres. Sher-
man Dalrymple OF the U.R.W. was re-
Gently beaten up and union organizers
were run out of town.
"The Committee has the assurance
OF Governor Graves, and other state
authorities OF Alabama" Lewis said,
that protection will be given to the re-
representatives. of labor in that state.
Failing such protection, the CLIO. will
call upon the federal government to
safeguard the rights Of the citizens"
The Committee took note of the
statements and full-page advertise
ments OF the American Iron & Steel
Institute, opposing union organization
in the steel industry. It instructed
Lewis to make a radio reply over NBC
network and released a statement scor-
ing the Institute for its Threatening"
and provocative" attitude.
The Committee also briefly discus
sed the letters sent by the executive
council of the American Federation Of
Labor to the CLIO. unions, asking them
to appear before the next council meet
ing, but took no action on the matter.
"The members deemed it inconceiva-
Bile" Lewis declared, chat the execu-
tive council would commit any act to
split the labor forces of America in
the midst OF the campaign in the iron
and steel industry and in the face Of
the arrogant ultimatum issued to the
American Iron & Steel Institute.