davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1936-07-23
Correlated Government.

Since the phrase planned economy"
appeared in political debate there has
been some danger that the constructive
ideal of intelligent correlation of govern
ment might be injured. A hint of CO.
ercive state socialism is in the air, and
numbers of citizens are quick to detect
it-and to resent it. Yet the majority Of
critics, it seems, would agree with the
National Resources Committee in its
recent recommendation for "the extern
sion Of cooperative endeavor to lessen
administrative duplication
American public affairs, the committee
finds, are managed by approximately
175,000 separate Federal, State and local
agencies. The cost Of upkeep necessarily
is tremendous, the resultant burden of
taxation oppressive. But the funda-
mental difficulty, the basic problem, is to
be discovered in the fact of repetition.
Literally hundreds of different branches
of government are operating without re-
gard for each other or for the single
picture" of unified community.
This rivalry. it may be conceded. is
historical in character. It reflects the
independent progressive spirit of the
pioneer period Of the country's develop
Evening star., 1936-07-23
A Praiseworthy Step.

The Presidents executive order on
postmasters restores their status as to
civil service effected under a similar
order by President Wilson. The Wilson
order was superseded by an executive
order of President Harding, which. in
stead of making mandatory the choice
OF the candidate with the highest rating,
gave the Postmaster General the choice
between three leading candidates, thus
restoring, in effect, the patronage
system.
Regardless of anything else, the
Presidents order is in itself praiseworthy
and represents notable advancement of
the principle of merit system in class
of public service notable for political
patronage The order goes as far as it
can to accomplish what was sought
under legislation failing of enactment
in the past session of Congress. Its
weakness is no fault of the President.
That weakness is inherent in all execu-
tive orders and exists in the fact that
the executive order of one President
may be repealed or superseded by the
executive order of his successor, or by
a subsequent executive order by the same
President. 1t is for this reason that leg
islation has been sought definitely plac-
ing all postmasters under the civil
service.
Coming at this time, however, the
Presidents order gains peculiar strength.
1t comes from a President who has
favored the removal of postmasterships
from the patronage system and should
expedite later legislation strengthening
the merit system. 1t comes at time when
the opposing candidate has strength
ened the platform declaration of his
own party by affirming his personal
belief in placing postmasters under the
civil service.
And what is, perhaps most important
of all, the Presidents executive order
is in the nature of reply to the increas-
ing and persistent attacks, partisan and
non partisan, on the breakdown of the
merit system under his administration.
1t reveals the strength of this criticism
and shows that it is felt. That is a
healthy sign.
The question may be asked why
President Roosevelt did not take the
step before. The answer is that legis-
lation is preferable to executive orders,
and the President gave Congress full
opportunity to enact the needed legis-
lation. issuing his order only after the
failure by Congress to act In the House,
in the closing days of the session, it was
the Republican votes, added to those
of minority of Democrats, which killed
the legislation.
Evening star., 1936-07-23
STARS, MEN AND ATOMS
Notebook of Science Progress in Field,
Laboratory and Study.
BY THOMAS r. HENRY.

horns includes cactuSes and other thorny
plants The tender leaves of the spiny,
polelike ocotillo cactus are a favorite
food. In times of food shortage old
rams often butt their way through the
thorny armament of barrel cactus 70 eat
the juicy pulp inside the plant.
In Winter the hairy coat of these ami
mails is dark brown, sometimes so dark
that band of sheep at a distance
appears as black spot moving across
the light back ground of the desert
sands. During Spring and Summer,
however. their coats are bleached by the,
sun into a dull yellow. Many of the
old rams have fine horns-long a cher
ished trophy Of hunters-which are
larger in proportion to the weight of
their bodies than the horns Of larger
species. Predatory animals that attack
mountain sheep usually make a hasty
retreat after one or two well directed
butts.
Wild sheep Of many species occupy
mountains in most of Asia, Southern
Europe and Northern Africa. Asia has
by far the greatest number of existing
species and individuals, and scientists
believe it to be the region where wild
sheep originated. They must have been
fairly early migrants to North America,
however. probably crossing from Siberia
to Alaska long before the first human
beings to populate the New World came
over by the same route.
Evening star., 1936-07-23

intrenched to lose in the primary. He
claims also to be entirely confident of
winning over Republican opponent in
November. AS he put 1t recently: Il
couldn't lick myself"
One of Gov. Landon's visitors at this
time is Representative John HOLSTER Of
Ohio. Hollister is the ranking Repub-
lican member of the House Banking and
Currency Committee. He has been a
member of the House only six years,
but is regarded as one Of the most able
of its members. He has made himself
an authority on banking and currency.
and if the Republicans should carry the
House next November-as they may, par
ticularly if Landon is elected President
Hollister will become the chairman of
the Banking and Currency Committee,
one Of the most important Of the House
committees. In 1888, Senator Buikley,
Democrat, comes up for reelection in
Ohio. The Republicans in the Buckeye
State could pick Hollister for their SEN
atorial candidate and make no mistake.
HOLSTERS first claim to fame was based
on the fact that he was the successor
Of the late Speaker Nicholas Longworth,
and won election by o substantial ma
jority in q year when many Republicans
were going down to defeat. Since that
time, however, he made his own place
in the House.
Evening star., 1936-07-23
Drastic Air Traffic
Rules Are Necessary
From the Green Bay (Wisc) Press-Gazette.

Prom the Green Bay (Wisc) Press-Gazette
AS the use of the airplane becomes
more general the need for adequate air
traffic regulations becomes more inn
perative.
The commercial air lines are we'll reg
ulated. In that field of aviation the
hazards of flying have been reduced to
minimum by reason OF distinctly
marked aerial highways where the traf-
fic is carefully directed from central
points of control.
Air dangers will be multiplied, how
ever, as increasing numbers OF privately
owned ships take to the air. Conceiv-
ably, these hazards, even with alrplanes
having the highest degree Of safety in
operation, will be greater than those
with which the motoriSt on land high
ways Is confronted.
An example of what the future holds
in the way of air hazards may be found
in the kind of flying which took place
over New York Harbor with the arrival
of the British super-liner Queen Mary.
There were something life fifty planes in
the air and virtually all of them were
flying around in promiscuouS fashion.
ACCORDING 10 NC" 1oAh AAuico wv
server they Swooped down on the Queen
Mary. barged up through the smoke OF
the harbor. crossed each others courses
and swooped down on each others tails
for hours. They dropped low over Bat
terry Park, where $4,000 persons were
watching the big liner 60 up the river,
not once but many times. They ap-
peared to chase each other around the
pinnacles Of high buildings well below
the legal limit and they flew up and
around each other as If they were TAX
ing part in a movie dog fight
The only reason serious accidents did
not occur was because the pilots were
good pilots. They were also lucky. They
had to be.
The time Is at hand for more drastic
air regulations If non-scheduled flying is
70 be reasonably safe.
Evening star., 1936-07-23

The picturesque mountain sheep, after
a million years struggle with Mother
Nature in her most forbidding aspect.
is to be given respite from threatened
extinction.
A million acres Of desolate mountain
and desert In Southern Nevada has been
set aside for the animal. The area, to
be known as the Desert Game Range
surrounds the Dixie National Forest. Its
high, narrow, desert mountain ranges
once contained large bands OF bighornS,
but the numbers have been greatly re-
duced by unrestricted hunting. which
was permitted up to few years ago.
The range is believed to be sufficient
for 1900 of the animals. II the number
increases beyond this maximum some
will be moved to other ranges, or limited
hunting may be permitted.
The Desert Game Range Is the second
hereditary range for big game animals
to be established. The first. occupying
l.l35 900 acres in Southern Oregon and
Northern Nevada, was set up last year
and is used primarily as a refuge Tor
antelope, mule deer and sage grouse.
Much of the land of the Desert Game
Range is barren, but Biological Survey
officials believe that it will be possible
to restore native forage under modified
grazing conditions. In recent years.
the reports of these oncials show, the
desert bighornS have shown little, If
any, increase in number. Local extinc-
ton in many sections has been due to
unrestricted hunting. often for meat to
supply mining camps. Mountain sheep
commonly give birth to twins and under
favorable conditions multiply rapidly. In
eluding people and predatory animals
they take refuge In the most inaccessible
parts of the mountains, where they travel
with surprising speed.
In North America there are two species
Of mountain sheep. the Rocky Mountain
bighorn and the Alaska white sheep.
The desert bighorn is one of the SUBJ
species of the Rocky Mountain bighorn,
distinguished by its small size and pale
color. It's natural range includes the
arid mountainous regions of the South
western States and parts of Mexico.
Desert vegetation eaten by these big
Evening star., 1936-07-23
A Rhyme at Twilight
By
Gertrude Brooke Hamilton
A WOrldling.

She sat apart. The crowded place at
twilight
Was filled with merriment, with Jest
and chatter
OF which she often was the natural high
light,
Laughing, and making talk in idle
patter.
But as looked at her, so silent, sitting
Away from all the rest, there came a
feeling
That in the dusky half-light, transient,
fitting,
glimpse of her bare soul she was
revealing.
The texture of her skin 50 pure and
pearly,
The poise of her proud head. turn of
her shoulder,
Clint Of her hair, bright auburn, glossy,
curly,
Was evident to all. But was bolder;
For deep down In her eyes ! caught .
burning
Thirst for a wider life, roads more
beguiling.
saw her soul unsatisfied and yearn-
ing
And then she rose and joined tlaS
others, smiling.
Evening star., 1936-07-23
Preparedness i'm Japan.

While American soldiers and Marines
have been re-enacting the battle of
Bull Run and faithfully reproducing
battle conditions of seventy-fve years
ago, Japan has been waging a make
believe modern war in order to perfect
Its citizenry in the arts of defense, espe-
cially against air attack. Through four
nights of complete darkness total popu-
lation of 6500,00O in the Toxic -Yoko-
hama area was subjected to the physical
inconvenience of twentieth century
warfare. Operations were conducted on
the hypothesis that IAN enormous air
force in Asia and certain big fleet in
the Pacific Ocean" were menacing Japan
While official announcements punctili-
ously refrained from mentioning names,
American correspondents report that it
was evident that the air force was con-
sidered to be that of Soviet Russia, while
the "big feet" was looked upon as that of
the United States.
The war game staged on the basis of
these mythical perils was carried out
with thoroughgoing regard to probable
emergencies under real conditions. It
began with radio warning broadcast by
the mayor OF Toxic in these words:
diplomatic relations with certain
nation have been severed. The time has
arrived for us to defend Japan by united
action. I place complete confidence in
our citizens and in the members of the
Air Defense Association, and in their
ardent desire to live up to the expecta-
tions of the throne and the country.
trust you will acquit yourselves credit
Evening star., 1936-07-23
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL.

The latest telephone racket, evolved by
a sweet lady in California, has just made
its way to Washington.
1t works this way:
The master mind has limited phone.
Her friends have unlimited phone Serv-
ice. They can call at any time, and
talk as long as they wish. She can't
without paying extra.
So here is her neat little plot:
She dials a friends number, then be-
fore it is answered, hangs up.
The friend, who is in on the plot, knows
who has called her, and Immediately calls
up the woman who had just called her.
The company. in other words, Is
obliging by ringing up one friend for
another. The second lady. with un-
limited service. can call and talk all day.
If she wants to.
tkk
This little scheme, about which the
company seems to be able to do little
if anything. could be worked out Tor
several friends, Of course.
Let us say that Mrs. Jones, the lady
with the unlimited phone service. has
three favorite friends with limited
phones.
Ladies like to talk for long time, OF
course.
Mrs Smith waits while the girl at the
exchange rings Mrs. Jones four rings
then she hangs up.
These four rings notify Mrs. Jones
that her pal Mary wants to talk to her
If the bell rings six times, and stops
it means that she is to call Mrs. Gray.
If it rings eight times, Mrs. Brown, and
SO on.
The thing is susceptible of many COM
binationS, for the obliging company will
call for long time if you hold the phone
The plan seems flawleSs. the company
being what 1t is, and human nature what
1t is, too.
Suppose Mrs Jones, with her un-
limited phone, should forget about the
plan, and dash to the phone, answering
it before Mrs. Smiths four rings are de-
livered.
All the latter has to do is to hang up
hastily, then Mrs. Jones, realizing what
has happened. must start on her list to
see which one of those in the know" il
was.
Talking over the phone Is a great in
door sport.
Especially among the ladies.
Irate husbands. who want to talk to
wife, and find the phone at home eter-
nally busy, are wont to put the blame
on feminine nature, in general.
Mostly just one long talker is to blame
for such situations.
Mary, or Lucy. or Betty. or some other
of the girl friends. likes to write a
letter over the phone.
Women are great letter writers, so 1t
may be supposed that when long -winded
Mary gets to talking about the happen
ings of yesterday and the day before 1t
is Just the same to her as If she were
writing to the home folks.
Only in this sort of letter writing" by
telephone there is the constant inter-
change of opinions, which makes 1t so
much more pleasing and downright
exciting.
Every one knows how it is with real
letters.
When you get q letter you make a
mental note of several points which seem
to call for an answer.
A few days pass. then when you answer
Evening star., 1936-07-23
The RubicOn Crossed.

Those who have hoped for truce, If
not a reconciliation, between the Execu-
tive Council of the American Federation
of Labor and John L. Lewis Committee
for Industrial Organization will find 1t
difficult now to suggest any common
meeting place for these two warning ele-
ments of organized labor. The C. I. o.
is plainly done with the executive coun-
Gil. AS one of its members said, not Sor.
rowfully, Yes, we have crossed the Rubi-
con-" Neither side can very easily con-
cede anything without backing down.
The matter of strategy alone in advance
of the A. F. of L. convention next Fall
prevents any backing down.
In its letter to Mr.. Green, the c. I. O.
declines to submit to the Jurisdiction
of the executive council of the A. F. of L. ;"
Mr.. Green accepts that as meaning q
refusal by the c. I. o. to meet with
the executive council and answer charges
filed against the C. I. o. unions Mr..
Lewis has burned his bridges as far as
his conflict with existing leadership of
the A. F. of L. is concerned. His next
front is the membership of the A. F. OF L.,
and that is where the real battle lines
will be drawn.
Much of the c. I. O.'s letter to Mr..
Green is devoted to raising the issue
of A. F. of L. constitutionality of the
executive councils course of action. The
letter argues that suspension or expul-
sion of an affiliated union is an action
convention. The c. I. o. claims enough
votes to prevent an expulsion or sus-
pension, which requires a two-thirds
majority. Mr.. Green and the executive
council concede to themselves the neceS-
sary authority to deal with IAN emer-
gency such as never before existed
within the Federation of Labor" If the
executive council should take the step
of suspending the c. I. o. unions in ad-
vance of the next meeting of the fed
Grafton, the question Of the eligibility Of
their delegates may not be settled, but
it will have to be raised before the con-
vention's credentials committee, if not
the courts. Without participation of
c. I. o. delegates-said to represent about
1,250,000 members out of the federation's
membership Of 3,l0o,0oo-Mr. Green's
and the executive councils leadership
doubtless would he ,Ipheld
This is merely an outline Of some OF
the problems in minor tactics to be
solved by MIR. Lewis and MIR. Green.
Overshadowing them is the fact that the
labor movement in the United States is
definitely faced with the choice between
two alternatives: Domination of the con-
servative A. F. of L., with its traditional
preference for craft unions, by the Wig
orous and more radical elements allied
with Mr.. Lewis and the c. l. O., or di-
vision of organized labor in America into
two groups, working toward similar OBJ
jectives, but along routes destined to
bring them into conflict.
These alternatives have in effect been
presented by John L. Lewis He has
chosen his own path and shows little in
tention Of turning back.
Evening star., 1936-07-23

ably by obeying instructions, thus dis
playing your training and fulfilling your
defensive mission"
Thereupon Tokio's fire department
scurried hither and yon. extinguished
imaginary conhagrations presumed to
have been ignited by incendiary bombs.
After dark 230,OOo members. of the Air
Defense Association patrolled the capi-
tails streets, enforcing ''lights-out" Or
ders. Loyal residents, along with in
mates of the imperial palace itself, un-
complainingly spent sweltering nights
behind barred doors and windows, with
black shades drawn. Theoretical bombs
rained down on strategic points. The
first important structure "hit" was air
defense headquarters. A thousand clerks
Systematically removed government files.
Firemen solemnly extinguished "blazes." ;"
Other imaginary bombs struck military
barracks and arsenals, while several
thousand defenders toiled feverishly to
put out assumed fires. In the midst Of
the bombing raids" another broadcast
warned that "the main force Of an
enemy fleet is now approaching Toxic"
Military, naval and air commanders
inspected Threatened" regions at inter-
yals to assure themselves that the people
are learning how to face modern war
dangers The strongly armed, patriotic
Japanese people, though the chance
seems remote that any outside power will
ever seriously menace their insular secu-
rity, apparently intend to take no chances.
Nippon believes that preparedness means
being prepared.
Evening star., 1936-07-23

ment. And so long as that era prevailed
no comprehensive doctrine of reform was
feasible. But now centripetal forces are
at work. Improved systems Of transpor-
tation and communication have had the
effect of breaking down sectional divi-
sions, shortening distances and unifying
hitherto isolated communities. The Ma
ton, in effect, is becoming one neighbor-
hood. Psychologically. too, the people
are being drawn into new relations-a
new society.
The National Resources Committee,
then. suggests the obvious desirability Of
closer association of agencies of like pur-
pose in like fields. Also. it urges the
elimination of conflict between agencies.
For example, "a co-ordinated unified ma
tional water policy is needed, not COL
lection of unrelated policies applicable
respectively to individual types of prob
lens associated with the use and control
of water. The constituent parts of such
q policy which relate to the various types
of use and control-navigation, irriga-
ton, power development, flood preven-
tion, pollution control, municipal and
rural water supply, land drainage, recre-
alton, wild life conservation and erosion
control-must be consistent one with
another"
A similar observation is made with re-
gard to land policy. and the principle is
subject to extension throughout the en-
tire realm of government. Nor is it i'm
perative that the privilege of reasonable
self government should be impinged.
There can be and there should be corre-
lation without too great degree of CEN
tralization.
Evening star., 1936-07-23

the letter you invariably forget all about
the points you intended to answer SO
carefully. A realization of this natural
failure has resulted in the good habit Of
many persons reading over the letters
they intend to answer at the time of
answering.
The telephone makes no such demands.
You talk, and the voice on the other end
talks.
There is give and take at the very
time of talking.
One does not forget, because every
thing is fresh.
So it is not to be wondered at that
city women spend a great deal of time
on the telephone.
This visiting between friends Is good,
from all standpoints. 1t dispels loneli-
ness keeps the conversationalists in
touch with one another's thoughts and
doingS. helps smooth out the trials OF
the day.
1t may or may not be a secret that
women, as class, are not as loquacious
as they are reputed to be.
1t Is usually some one woman who
compels all her feminine friends to talk
by the hour.
They, in their turn, often dislike this
as much as possible, but for friendships
sake, to say nothing of politeneSS' sake,
put up with the long talk as gracefully
as they may.
II telephone is SO located that one
end to the conversation must stand up
the whole time, it becomes a positive
physical hardship.
This is so commonly realized that most
instruments are placed on stands or
tables, where chair may be used con-
veniently.
With the long talker this is most
helpful.
The masculine listener to feminine
telephone conversations will pause in his
meditations to admire the great skill
sation carry on.
There is all the light and shade of
good conversation, while at the same
time the sally takes on something of the
finer points Of good letter writing.
1t is this combination Of conversation
and writing, as it were, which distin-
guiShes womans telephone talk.
The wise male listener, therefore, will
admire it most of the time, instead OF be-
coming irked at it.
He will understand that. in talking
over the phone, modern woman is really
doing two things at one time talking to
a friend and writing her little note.
All the charm of these ancient occu-
pations are hers-theirs, let us say.
Just as women are the best letter writ
ers, SO they are the best telephone con-
versationalists. Surely they have enough
experience.
The terse business letter. upon which
men pride themselves, is really a very
impolite form of correspondence. 1t
commonly offends needleSsly.
Women's letters. as well as telephone
conversations, seldom make this mis-
take. If they err on the long side they
miss the bad points of too much brevity
which is often akin to cruelty.
Even the telephone company may feel.
while contemplating the latest little
racket, that they are boosting their own
game and services, when they do any
thing, consciously or unconsciously, to
help the ladies get their daily talking
done.