davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1936-05-28

H. H. Darby. d. r. Williams,
r. H. Willier. T. r. Kille. C..
Graves, scientists who are TO
leave for the summers activities
at the Carnegie Laboratory At
Loggerhead Key. arrived this
morning on the Cuba and viii
sail on the yacht Anton Dohrn +Or
their destination.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1936-05-28

Attorney General Cary u. Ian
dis is expected to arrive by plane
Sunday morning from Miami 10
spend the day in Key West. leav-
ing in the afternoon. for Miami.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1936-05-28

Mrs. E. A. Yates and little son
Willis, who were visiting with
Mrs. Yates parents in New Or
leans, were arrivals on the :. :.
Cuba from Tampa this morning.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1936-05-28
You and Your
Nations Affairs
Phantom for Taxpayers
By HARLEY L. LUTZ
Public Finance. Princeton University

The reserve provisions of the old
age security act are illusory. in so
far as they provide any prospect of
carrying the load of future oldage
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1936-05-28

James Fort. director Of Ma
tiOnal Youth Administration ac-
Invites in Key West. viii leave by
plane this afternoon for a confer
ence with directors from other
parts of the state.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1936-05-28
PERSONAL MENTION

Albert Lecuona, who was spend
ing about one week with friends
in Key West, left Tuesday for
Tampa.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1936-05-28

A silver "half-dime." minted
10 years before the Civil war,
was found bv Will Walchar OF
Weimer, Tex, while blowing.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1936-05-28

address questions to the author this netSpdper
Evening star., 1936-06-21
Xxx
K Xxx
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K ] 10 Xxx
WE
A x x XXX
AK
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@ XXX

Following an opening spade bid
South has reached q three no-trump
contract. The king of diamonds is
opened. Declarer counts five club
tricks, two hearts, one diamond and
one spade, provided his opponents
cannot make five tricks before he
runs his club suit.
There is no problem about his play
from dummy. but he will have to
decide whether or not to hold I'D the
ace of diamonds in his own hand. and
the time to make that decision is be-
lore playing from dummy. Declarer
decides in favor of the hold-up. The
king and queen of diamonds take the
nrst two tricks, and now the player
who is still on lead cannot be certain
that declarer holds the ace of dia-
monds and is almost sure to continue
the suit.
However, should declarer do his
thinking before playing from his own
hand and not before playing from
dummy, he Is serving notice that he
is holding up the act. Now. If the
player on lead originally held five dia-
monds and no ace Of clubs for re-
entry, he will be very likely to shift
suits. and should he shift to a spade.
he will beat the contract.
(Copyright. 1885,
The Four Aces will be pleased to an
sWer letters from readers II stamped
t3-centD, self addressed envelope is in
closed with each communication.
The next article In this series will
appear tomorrow.
Evening star., 1936-06-21
Continued From Third Page. }

nominations might be dictated by
minority Of the delegates.
Andrew Jackson, "Old Hickory" was
responsible for the two-thirds rule for
nominating presidential and vice pres
idential candidates. When his first
term as President was drawing to a
close, jackson decreed that the Dem
ocrats should hold q national conven-
tion for the nomination of the party
ticket.
First Democrat Convention.
This was the first national conven-
ton Of the Democratic party for the
purpose of nominating for President
and Vice President. Earlier 'nomina-
tions had been made by State, con-
gressional and legislative caucuses.
The national convention idea appealed
to Jackson as being closer to the peo-
pie. At that, the Old Warrior was
copying the National Republican
party of those days, which held a
national convention In 1881 and NOM
mated Henry Clay as presidential
candidate.
jackson could have had the Demo-
cratic nomination without calling a
convention, but he wanted Martin Van
Buren Of New York, his Secretary of
State, nominated for Vice President.
1t was jackson who decreed that the
rule governing the nomination of
candidates should provide that two
thirds Of the whole number of votes
in the convention shall be necessary
to constitute a choice" Not only did
jackson succeed In having Van Buren,
nominated for Vice President in
1882, but he also succeeded in hav-
Ing Van Buren, nominated for Presi-
dent in 1886. and Van Buren,, with
the backing of Jackson, was elected.
Why Jackson insisted upon a two
thirds vote to nominate has never
been satisfactorily explained. It Is
strange. however, that Van Buren was
a few years later to suffer from the
effect of this rule demanded by his
old chief. At the close of Van Buren's
four-year term. he sought reelection,
but was defeated by William Henry
Harrison, the Whig candidate. Van
Buren came knocking at the door for
the Democratic presidential nominal
ton in 1874, seeking vindication. On
the opening ballot in the Democratic
National Convention he received a
clear majority Of the votes cast. But
he never could reach the two thirds
mark.
Polk a Dark Horse"
Van Buren had written a letter dis
couraging annexation of Texas, which
was not relished by some of the
Southern delegates. They plotted to
bring forward dark horse" candi-
date-and they did so. James K.
Polk of Tennessee was the man they
picked. After seven ballots had been
cast resulting In no nomination be-
cause Van Buren, could not obtain a
two-thirds vote, the opponents of Van
Buren succeeded in getting an ad-
iOurnment They perfected their nlan
Evening star., 1936-06-21

from Winston Churchill, who in war
time. when he was working day and
night at the admiralty, used to repair
with three friends regularly to the
Turkish baths, but cut the massage
(the only one Of the four who regu-
larly took the massage succumbed be-
fore his time)
The King eats reasonably now, but
only the plainest food. Fruit, little
fish or bacon or scrambled eggs for
breakfast. A outlet and green vege-
tables, or cold meat and a salad-this
Is favorite lunch. Dinner, little OF
the fish and meat dishes, some fruit.
He smokes few cigarettes, q good
deal Of pipe tobacco, and likes a good
cigar; he chooses the latter with care,
and will smoke couple Of 5-inch ones
after dinner.
He runs his Office with all the aids
known to modern business science; he
is q working King five days in the
week, and likes to be a private person,
as far as that Is possible, over the
week end His week ends are physic-
Evening star., 1936-06-21
King Edward, Who Will Be az
On Tuesday, Keeps Himself Fit

After is years of trial and error ex-
perimenting, he has reached that
goal. These things suit him. They
give him relaxation and pleasure, while
doing their job with that body. which
he disciplines so strictly and keeping
his nervous system In tune.
The physical jerks are from Muller's
system. The King prefers the So
called activity exercises-knees un-
bending and stretching, hopping and
jumping. He also does any special ex-
ercises advised by Sir Morton, q smart
Scotsman and famous Grosvenor
Square practitioner, who was q fight
ing naval ofiicer during the war and
is now leading authority on muscles
and joints, the treatment of sprains
and injuries thereto and on how to
keep these items of the human organ
ism in tune. The King goes to him
frequently.
He has to watch his nerves. At one
time he was sleeping badly. He tried
various things from counting sheep
to deliberately tiring the body. He
still slept badly. Then he tried an old
Evening star., 1936-06-21

ident Of the American Federation Of
Labor, to express my feelings of ap-
prehension over the grave consequent
ces which might follow from the for
nation Of an organization within the
American Federation Of Labor, even
though it might be claimed that said
organization is formed for the achiev-
mert of q laudable purpose.
MY conscience and my judgment
lead me to advise against 1t aid en-
phasize most vigorously the danger
of division and of discord which may
follow.
MY loyalty and devotion to the
principles and ideals of the American
Federation of Labor inspire me to
transmit this coprhunication to you.
I ask you to accept 1t in the fraternal
spirit in which it Is sent"
Such is the "hght" that brews today
between the Committee for industrial
Organization. headed by John L. Lewis,
president of the United Mine Workers
OF America, and William Green, presi-
Evening star., 1936-06-21
Peace in Prospect for Democrats
I'm Move to Kill TwO-Thirds Rule

and launched Polk on the eighth bal
lot The convention was "stampeded"
and the first DARK horse" candidate Of
any Of the major political parties had
been chosen.
Polk had been the first jackson
leader in the House of Representatives.
Later he was Governor of Tennessee.
In national politics and as national
figure he was little known. The year
Of his nomination, in Baltimore, was
the first year that the telegraph was
In use. Many persons did not believe
that messages could be sent. When
the Wings in convention in Baltimore
nominated Clay for President, and
the message came In the Morse code,
the skeptics said any one could guess
what the Wings would do. Later,
when the Democrats nominated Polk,
and the name came over the wire. the
skeptics insisted that the telegraph
was a fraud 1t was the nomination
of Van Buren they had been expect
ing. Not until train rolled into
Washington from Baltimore, bringing
the news, were they convinced.
The new instrument, however,
served also to carry that year the de-
clination of Silas Wright. Senator
from New York, to accept the vice
presidential nomination, and to run
with Polk.
Other Notable Struggles.
Van Buren and Champ Clark are
the only two candidates for the Dem
ocratic presidential nomination who
obtained a majority vote in national
convention and failed to be nominated.
There have been other notable Strug-
giles, however, for the Democratic
nomination. In 1924 at Madison
Square Garden l03 ballots were needed
to reach q nomination. The nominee
was John w. Davis Of New York and
West Virginia, compromise candi-
date between the Al Smith and Will
liam Gibbs McAdoo forces. McAdoo
approached the majority figure, but
never reached 1t. The Democratic
party was badly torn in this struggle.
Gen. Cass, in 1s4s, was unable to win
a Democratic nomination because of
the two-thirds rule. In 1860 Stephen
A. Douglas had failed to obtain nomi-
nation of a united Democratic party
largely because Of this two-thirds rule.
II the two-thirds rule is thrown out
by the Democratic National Conven-
tion and q majority rule Is adopted,
Franklin D. Roosevelt will be the first
Democrat so nominated for President
since the convention plan for nomina-
tions was adopted by his party. It
will be merely another precedent set
by the New Deal President. He Is ex-
pected to be renominated unanimously
by the convention. Whether a two
thirds rule or a majority rule obtains
IN the convention Is of little moment,
therefore, at this time. The Demo-
Gratis are looking to the future, how
ever, and hope that by doing away
with this ancient Jacksonian rule, they
will be able to avoid bitter conflicts
in days to come.
Evening star., 1936-06-21
lent of the American Federation Of

dent of the American Federation Of
Labor.
How far the fight" will 60, into
how many fields 1t will ramify,
whether it means the first rift in the
lutte" OF the American Federation, re-
mains to be seen, remains q subject
for conjecture and argument.
But this much is true: The commit
tee is meeting with tremendous SYM
pathy among the rank and file of
workers throughout the Nation. Its
broad, democratic appeal Is having
telling effect in winning adherents.
There Is every reason to believe that
mass production has affected skilled
labor adversely. Machines have sup
planted men and, save in only q few
instances, craftsmanship Is dominated
in the industrial picture. So what is
to prevent Labor from feeling this
momentous corner turning Of indus
try? Nothing. For the disinterested OBJ
server it Is labor "weltering through
to new ground with "the times" Just
another bit Of evidence that the world
moves.
Evening star., 1936-06-21
Continued From Third Page.

to London" he explained. with his
characteristic disarming smile.
When he has recast the Kings per-
sonal staff arrangements (the house
hold is in turmoil at present and SUM-
dry designations and retirements on
pension are pending) he will probably
plan to leave London late on Friday
nights for the fort" and not return
until Tuesday noon. Even when the
court is of1cially in residence at Wind
sor Castle, chief seat of the monarchy,
the King probably will be living at the
adjacent fort"
Wants Handy Facilities.
A busy man, he wants has facilities
for exercise handy. He is not tennis
player and he rides little now-never
in the horse-ride circling the park
back of his London palace, where his
father until his final illness regularly
took before-breakfaSt rides.
Swimming in his own pools, squash
on his own courts, golf and gardening,
along with his physical jerks-this is
now his exercise and games program.
Evening star., 1936-06-21
milk and whisky. II

remedy-warm milk and whisky. It
worked.
He had a spell of nervous indiges-
tion. He tried half q dozen cures be-
fore he found breathing exercises,
which have a massaging effect on the
region Of the lower. ribs. They fixed It.
The breathing exercises were de-
vised by Cortlandt MacMahon, VIM
pole street specialist. Although they
need practice and control, they are ef-
fective. In essence these exercises con-
sist OF taking deep breath into the
lower lungs. holding it and simulta-
neously contracting the abdominal
muscle and concentrating the mind
on the region Of the diaphragm to Sc
cure control Of the muscles there and
to make them exercise the internal
massaging function
When he Is being run extra hard
now, he turns to the Turkish baths for
tone-up. He has taken as many as
three in week. going down to a club
bath with his valet. He cuts the mas
sage II he is feeling tired; taking a tir
Evening star., 1936-06-21

ally zestful, and even In the quietude
Of this country home he Is up early,
following the Napeoleonic rule which
the Emperor voiced thus to the lady
who was surprised to hear that he
slept in o soldiers bed so narrow that
there was scarcely room to turn in 1t:
Madam, when I turn, turn outl"
World Copyright Reserved
Evening star., 1936-06-21
Continued From First Page. }

We have no opposition to craft unions
which are established and successfully
functioning. We do not believe any
craft union, however. as is now the
case in the American Federation of
Labor, should be permitted to inter-
1ere, through paper jurisdictional
claims or otherwise, with the organiza-
ton of the great majority of American
wage and salary workers in our basic
manufacturing and mining industries.
VT hope" he continues. that the
significance of our movement will not
be misunderstood. 1t is not a conflict
among unions, or a striving for power
among organized labor groups. We
are working for a future labor move
ment which will assure proper future
Tor America-one which will crystal
lie the best aspirations of4hose who
really wish to serve democracy and
humanity"
But the outsider looking in upon the
differences between Mr.. Lewis and
Mr.. Green sees something more than
a mere squabble of a committee with
its parent. He sees the broader aspect
OF the controversies new conception
OF labor organization to supplant an
OLD, one to place more power in the
hands OF labor, one to make it more
effective in the pursuit of its policies
than it could ever be under the craft
organization idea.
Power Centralized.
This does ont mean the abolition of
craft unions 1t only means mass or
ganization of labor by plants and in
dustries, rather than organizations by
skill. More power in the hands of
labor comes in by virtue of the ability
of labor to fight for its detectives as a
masSed army on one industrial front,
Father than as crafts on sectors. To
illustrate concretely:
A group of paint workers in an auto
plant is dissatisfied with its rate of
wages. The matter comes to head
with the officials of the plant. All
workers in that plant, whether they
be assembly men, riveters, body men,
chassis men, support the paint work
ers in their demand for better rates
Of pay. The result is family affair"
In which all the workers In that par
ticular plant take part
Under the craft plan nobody in this
plant would strike except the paint
workers. And such support as these
received in their demand for higher
wages would come from other members
Of the painters union. And these Of
course, would be scattered over the
entire country.
A great argument, advanced by Mr..
Lewis as to the value of such an or
ganization Of laborers as he proposes,
sonal interest that other workers in an
as against the craft unions, is the per-
industry would have In a fight waged
by a section of that industry. For IN
stance, in the case of the paint work.
ers in the auto plant, the chassis men,
assembly men. riveters and others,
would be for them tooth and toenail"
because of their fellowship. Skilled
and unskilled workers. throughout the
plant, would stand beside their plant
"buddies."
Small Walkouts Ineffective.
In the case of crafts such a condi- |
ton cannot, nor could exist, declares
Mr.. Lewis. An automobile painters
walkout in Detroit supported by
painters in Chicago and St. Louis is
mot so hot" in his estimation. Only
painters are affected; other workers
in the industry keep right on. Only
through sympathy" can they be
Evening star., 1936-06-21
Ardmore Group Elects.

ARDMORE, Md, June 20 (SpeciaD
Warren Lee Olifi has been reelected
president of the Young Peoples League
of the Union Evangelical Church, with
VILLAIN Hammerly, vice president;
Miss Mary Yoho. treasurer, and Miss
Louise Coomes. secretary.
Evening star., 1936-06-21
Green and Lewis Feud Is Explained;
Mass Production Heightens Tension

induced to support their striking
brothers.
Another advantage of industrial
unonism, according to Mr.. Lewis, Is
the protection that it would afford
the unskilled worker. His wages are
never those of the skilled worker, vet,
argues Mr.. Lewis, he has as much
right to a decent living wage as the
skilled worker. Industrial unionism
would give to him this protection
the protection of weak by the strong
On strike he would have the support
and power of the skilled workers of
the plant behind him.
Mr.. Green's quarrel with Mr.. Lewis
apparently, lies in the fact that the
committee for Industrial Organi-
zatlon was set up outside the feder-
atoms tent. In other words, the
eight unions adhering to it at the
time-l0 now-took the step without
the federation's approval. This Is
borne out IN letter to the commit
tee by Mr.. Green, dated November
%. 1885. In this letter he says:
Il learned through the press re-
ports recently Of the formation of an
organization called the Committee
for Industrial Organization It was
stated therein that representatives of
your organization participated in the
conference when such an organization
was formed and that the international
union that you represent is to be a
component part of it.
"Omcers of national and interna-
tional unions would undoubtedly view
with feelings Of apprehension and
deep concern any attempt on the part
OF group Of local unions to organize
within the organization they repre-
sent movement for the avowed pur-
pose OF promoting the acceptance or
rejection Of q principle or a policy
which had been considered and de-
cided upon at a convention repre-
sentative OF all the members of said
national or international union.
Hits Divided Authority.
Some officers and members within
national and International unions. as
well as within the American FEEDER
alton of Labor, regard separate move
mentS formed within the main or.
ganization structure as dual In char
acter and decidedly menacing to its
success and welfare. When orsani.
cations are formed for the achieve
ment and realization Of some de-
clared purpose no one can accurately
prophesy or predict where such a
movement will lead. II could and
may be diverted from its main Dur.
pose.
Experience has shown that such
thus formed are pro-
ductive Of confusion and fraught with
serious consequences. A line Of cleav-
age between such a movement and
the parent body may be created and
the breach between those who sincere
ly and honestly believe in different
forms OF organization could be def
nitely widened. Bitterness and strife
would inevitably follow.
1t has been fixed rule, both with.
n the American Federation Of Labor
and national and international unions
affiliated with it, to decide upon or
yanization policies by . majority vote
1T legally convened conventions.
When q decision has thus been rem
iered 1t becomes the duty Of the OIL
,ers and members of the American
Federation of Labor to comply with 1t
md they should be permitted to do
his free from the interference and op-
position Of those who constitute the
=
II deem 1t my ofiicial duty, a. pres
Evening star., 1936-06-21

TINE average student Of bridge
puts most Of his time into
working on the bidding, since
4 he figures that the play of the
cards can be learned only through
experience. Actually he Is pretty
nearly right, but there are many
general principles Of play that few
people will discover if left to them
selves.
For instance, as the basis Of all
pay, we should endeavor to memorize
the cards already played and to
count the distribution of those not
played Like all other feats Of men,
ory and mathematics, both these prob
lens are greatly simplifled by sys-
tenn, and as a first step, one should
learn to count in terms of 13. There
are 13 cards to suit, 13 cards to a
hand and 13 tricks. If you are
declarer the simple subtraction from
I3 of the total number of cards you
and dummy hold in any particular
suit gives the number held by your
opponents.
Suppose that you now proceed
farther and find that your left-hand
opponent held 4 spades and the
right-hand opponent / spade You
now know that the left-hand op-
ponent has but other cards. If
you are now able to ascertain that
he held six diamonds. together with
4 spades, this equals 10-he has
exactly 3 cards in hearts and clubs.
You now play hearts and he dis
cards on the second heart lead. Since
he originally held one heart, his orig
1nal club holding must have been two.
Your club holding is queen-teA and
two small, dummy holds ace-king-
small. You have found out the left
hand opponent holds exactly two clubs.
Hence you lead out dummy's ace of
clubs, then the king and then the
low club. Since you know that the
left-hand opponent had but two clubs
originally, you now know that your
right-hand opponent holds the guarded
jack, and you may finesse just as
surely as If you had seen both the
opposing hands. BY a simple process
have found out everything you needed
to know.
OF course, the count does not always
give guaranteed results. Suppose
dummy held ace-ten-small of clubs
and you king -jack-nine EIGHT. You
have counted your left-hand opponent
Tor two clubs, and hence the right
hand opponent for four. You play the
ace Of clubs from dummy, and follow
with the ten and f1nesse. Your left
hand opponents one remaining club
may be the queen, but since he origin
ally held only two and his partner
four, the odds are four to two that
your finesse will succeed In other
words, in four out of six instances YOU
will be successful in picking I'D that
missing queen, and that is a reason
ably good percentage.
Every master player is popularity
supposed to be able to call off every-
body's cards after a few tricks have
been played, although in actual ex-
perience he can do so only with oc-
casional hands when the count is
made easy for him. Many of their
seeming double dummy plays result
partially from the count and partially
from the fact that the master player
has said to himself, unless my op-
ponents' cards are distributed thus
and-so, I cannot make this hand. ]
must try to make my contract, hence
shall play it this way" The play