davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1936-04-10

WASHINGTON FORECAST
Probably occasional showers tonight, tOmor.
row; minimum temperature tonight about 43;
warmer tomorrow; Sunday probably fair.
MEAN TEMPERATURES
The Washington times., 1936-04-10

{ Continued on Page 3, Col. Z
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-05-02
LEGION CHIEFS
OPEN SESSION
Fourth Annual Roundup
Here Tomorrow to Fea-
ture Annual ParIey.

Meeting of the subcommittee on
AmercisaniSm today signalized
opening of the annual sessions of
the American Legion's national ex-
ecutive committee at national head
quarters, TIT N. Meridian-st.
The fourth annual aerial member
ship roundup at Municipal Airport,
committee meetings and the aerial
roundup dinner in the Antlers are
part of tomorrow's program.
AirplaneS from all sections of the
country are expected to begin ar
irving at the airport at noon tomor-
row with Legion membership cards.
Leading the military section is to
be Maj. Gen. Oscar Westover, chief
of staff, Army Air Corps. The COM
mercial air lines are to be represent
ed by David E. Grant, New York,
foreign counsel of Pan American
Anyways.
Ray Murphy, Legion national
commander, Gen. Westover, Mr..
Grant and Dudley Steele, Los
Angeles, Legion aeronautics chair
man, are to be among the speakers
at the dinner at tomorrow night
in the Antlers.
The national executive committee
IS to convene Monday, and Monday
night Commander Murphy is to pre-
side at dinner in the Indianapolis
Athletic Club. The meetings are to
continue through Wednesday.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-05-02
OPPOSES, BILL
FOR INITIATION
Rep. PettengilI, Who Signed
Discharge Petition, Won't
Vote for It.
Times Special

Times Special
WASHINGTON, May AL
though the names of nine Hoosier
Congressman appear on the Frazier
Lemke bill discharge petition, the
SO 900, 100000 inflationary bill will
not get that many votes from In
diana when brought to the floor
May IL.
Rep Samuel B. Pettengill, who
was one of the first to sign the
petition last session, announced at
the time that he was opposed to
the bill
He hasn't changed his mind he
declared today.
Four Democrats refused to sign
the petition. They were Reps. Louis
Ludlow, John w. Boehne Jr., Eu-
gene B. Grove and William H. Lar
rabee. The latter did sign last SEES
sion, but removed his name when
urged to do so by Administration
leaders.
Mr.. Boehne announced that he
will oppose the bills passage as
he opposed passage of the infla-
tionary Patman bill to pay the
bonus.
Il am against printing press in
flation," he asserted.
Only outstanding spokesman for
the bill among the Hoosier Con-
gressmen is long-haired Rep. Finly
H. Gray.
1.-THE Frazier Lemke bill is all
right as a first step, Mr.. Gray de-
clared. But in my opinion it
doesn't go far enough. We should
extend the same advantages to all
creditors by increased initiation"
Rep. Charles A. Halleck. only Re-
publican from Indiana, was one of
the petition signers. Others were
Reps. William T. Schultz, James
I. Farley. Glenn Griswold, Mrs.
Virginia E. Jenckes and Arthur H.
Greenwood.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-05-02
TWO ACCIDENT
VICTIMS DEAD;
TOLL NOW so
Youth Killed When Hurled
From Auto as 1t
Strikes Tree.
Continued From Page One)


His condition at City Hospital today
was termed serious Sam Keith, 20,
of Washington, was driver of the
car.
Andrew Steen, 81, of 2610 South
eastern-av, who was struck by an
automobile at Rural and New York
sts last night, today was in a criti-
cal condition at City Hospital The
accident occurred during heavy
rain.
The driver of the car, Benjamin
Banayote, %, of 237 S. La Salle-st,
was arrested on charges of failure to
have drivers license, failure to
display a certificate of title and
improper license plates.
Bruised and Cut
Leonard Boles, IT, of Cumberland,
received decorations and bruises last
night when the automobile he was
driving was in collision with a car
driven by Frank T. North, II, of GIL
N. LaSalle-st, at 5000 E. Washing
ton-St. BoleS was treated by a
neighborhood doctor.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ray Mertz of Chi
cago were injured early today while
on their way to the Kentucky Derby
Mr.. Mertz told deputy sheriffs he
failed to see the blockade on State
Road So just north of Flackville,
and when he applied the brakes his
car turned on it's side. They were
taken to Methodist Hospital.
Two Negroes were injured SER
iously early today when car con-
tanning four persons and driven by
John Primus, 81, of 1854 N. Traub-
av, left the road and turned over at
70th-St and State Road 90. John
Primus, 40, of 943 N. Belmont-av.
uncle of the driver, and Clifford
Nelson, %, of 1861 N. Belmont-av.
were the most seriously injured. The
younger Primus and William john
son, 20, of 2703 N. Capitol-av, only
were bruised.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-05-02
CANDIDATE PLEADS
FOR 30-H0UR WEEK
Leon O. Martin Speaks at
Meetings Here.

Urging the "30-hour week" as a
method of spreading work and re-
lieving unemployment, Leon o.
Martin, Democratic candidate for
Congress from the Twelfth district,
spoke last night at several Demo-
cratic meetings.
Mr.. Martin said: Politicians may
shout to high Heaven about high
taxes and government spending,
about socialism and communism
and all the other isms, but the
truth of the matter is that we can
not expect reduced taxation as
long as we have IL million unem-
ployed people in this country"
MY own remedy is to ask in
dustry to cooperate in putting the
unemployed back to work. A right
step in this direction would be to
enact the 30-hour week law"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-05-02
FRY WARNS AGAINST
POLITICAL THREATS
Liquor Dealers Can Vote as
They Like, He Says.

In strong terms, Paul P. Fry, state
excise administrator, today warned
politicians anywhere in Indiana"
not to attempt to bring pressure to
bear on liquor permitteeS in next
Tuesdays primary election.
Mr.. Fry said it has been brought
to his attention that "thrsats" and
political pressure" are being used
against liquor permittees in various
parts of the state to force them to
line up" for certain candidates in
the primary.
BE assured" he said in an open
statement to all permittees, that
despite any threats from local politi-
clans. no permit will be revoked for
any political reason.
The Alcoholic Beverage Com
mission wants it definitely under
stood that permittees need have
nothing to fear from the commission
with reference to any pressure which
politicians may put on them for this.
or that candidate in either party.
This is bipartisan commission
and politics play no part in the
granting or revocation of any per-
NIT" he said.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-05-02
Wants to Vote in State
Without Meeting His
Constituents.
BY DANIEL. KIDNEY
Times STAFF Writer

WASHINGTON, May e.
Rep. Finly H. Gray has a bad
case Of postoffice filters.
AS a result he is plotting a sly
maneuver whereby he can slip into
Connersville andSvote in the primary
election Tuesday without his con-
stituents in Union City and Muncie
hearing about it.
The long-haired Tenth District
Representative admits that these are
two towns he wants to avoiG just
now.
In each he has given women tenn
porary appointments as acting post
master and the fight Is on among
the men for the permanent job. Ten
took the examination for the Union
City postmastership, but only two
have been certified for appointment.
Wants to Avoid Them
They are Bert Woodbury. and
Orvah Hindsley. So any day now
Mr.. Gray expects either the Wood
bury boosters or the Hindsley sup
porters to descend on him here. But
he would like to avoid them on his
trip home. He is afraid that if he
gets into that controversy, combined
with five-faction fight for the per-
manent postmastership at Muncie,
he will not have time even to vote.
Just say this for me-" Mr.. Gray
advised, II will return to Indiana
and vote, if legislation her permits,
but I am coming back on the first
train"
Neither Senator Frederick Van1
Mugs nor Senator Sherman Minton
will return to the state to vote. The
Senators and their wives have
mailed absent voteJ ballots.
Grove Follows Example
This route also is being taken by
Rep. Eugene B. Grove of the Ninth
District, who has been returning on
week-ends to look after his cam
paign for denomination.
Congressman returning to vote
include: William T. Schultz, Sam
uel B. Pettengill, James I. Farley,
Glenn Griswold, Mrs. Virginia E.
JenckeS, Arthur H. Greenwood,
John w. Boehne Jr, William H.
Larrabee and Louis Ludlow, Demo-
Gratis. Charles A. Halleck, Repub-
lican.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-05-02
UNEMPLOYED UNION LEADER
URGES BOYCOTT OF POLLS;
FINLY GRAY FACES PROBLEM
Official Advises Jobless to
Aid in Forming Third
Party.

IfWeS cVeCt0t
TERRE HAUTE, Ind, May
merrill Jackson, Workers
Alliance of Indiana secretary
treasurer, today recommend
ed that members of the unem-
ployed union boycott the polls
Tuesday.
Mr.. Jackson addressed delegates
to the union state convention in
session at the Central Labor Tenn
pie here. The organization claims
$4,000 Indiana members.
The WPA administration in In
diana will not discriminate against
workers for belonging or not be-
longing to the union, Wayne Coy
State WPA Administrator said in
a message read to the delegates
Mr.. Coy was unable to appear at
the meeting.
Urges Farmer-Labor Party
Urging independent political &C.
ton for the jobless. Mr.. Jackson
recommended that the convention
go on record as advocating the for
nation of Farmer-Labor Party.
Referring to the primaries, he
said, II suggest that wherever pos
sible pickets be placed in front of
the polling places with such slogans
as The old parties are unfair to the
organized unemployed-boycott the
primaries"
Mass action among locals of the
union for an adequate appropria-
ton to continue the works program
an dagainSt any more layoffs," was
suggested by Mr.. Jackson.
Suggests March to City
"If we fail to convince the poll
ticians," the secretary said, "of our
refusal to submit to further cuts in
our living standard, I recommend
that the incoming executive board
and your officers be instructed to
plan for huge march on the state
capitol"
For many years." he said, "the
unemployed have been the victims
of the tweedledee and tweedledum
of our political systematic Repub-
lican and Democratic parties. 1t
has watched the two old parties
use relief and the WPA as political
footballs. The unemployed are fed
up with the old parties and want
to al din the formation of new
party.
Mr.. Coy said in part: II have
followed with interest the attempts
of the workers on WPA to organize.
1t was an uphill business. The
Works Progress Administration of
Indiana has in no way hindered
such organizing, neither has it lent
Its assistance.
Privilege of Citizens
ITO organize is the privilege of
any American citizen. To decline to
join such organized groups likewise
is the privilege of any American
citizen. This administration there
fore will refuse to discriminate
against any person on the grounds
that he either belongs to an Or
ganized group or that he does not
belong to such group"
Mr.. Coy said he was opposed TO
the dole and that a strike of WPA
workers gives pleasure only to
those in this country who would
gladly see the WPA program fail"
A vote on Mr.. Jackson's report is
expected this afternoon.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-05-02
Alvin Karpis Is Captured;
Police Hunt Brady's Aids
Dozen Midwest Cities Join
Search for Suspects in
Rivers Killing.
Continued From Page one)

may have been wounded during the
battle in front of DR.. E. E. Roses
home, 2153 Barth-av.
Three of the desperadoes went to
DR.. Rose originally to seek treat
ment for a wounded confederate,
policesaid.
Whitley and Tibbets, arrested in
two raids yesterday afternoon, are
believed to be accessories in the
case. Immediately following the
gun battle in which the policeman
was slain, three members of the
gang, including Brady, fed to Whit
ley's home, according to Capt. Matt
Leach of state police. who ques-
toned the two new suspects.
Went to whitley Home, Report
They remained there until 4 Tues
day morning, Capt. Leach quoted
Whitley as saying, and then Whitley
took them N an automobile to the
Hart home, 27 S. Lyndhurst-dr.
Whitley said he knew Brady as
Barton, but never had met the other
two. A statement attributed to
Whitley by Capt. Leach, accused
Brady of killing Sergt. Rivers.
This statement confiicted with one
city detectives said they received
from Hart. They quoted the garage
owner as saying the bandits were
not certain who fired the shots.
Denies knowledge of Robbery
Whitley denied any knowledge OF
the $4,000 jewel robbery at Lima,
but Capt. Leach said he had been a
partner of Brady's in bootlegging
enterprise.
Whitley was arrested in Tibbitts'
home on Silver-av. Tibbitts later
was picked up at the Maron Indus
trail Center, 1900 Kentucky-av,
where he is employed as me-
chanist, but police have not deter
mined whether he has any connec-
ton with the case. oBth men were
reslated at city police headquarters
today on vagrancy charges and are
being held under high bond.
While detectives were questioning
Brady at headquarters yesterday,
the Rivers funeral procession passed
through a lane of $50 uniformed
officers standing in front of the
building.
Rivers Burial Held
Sergt. Rivers was buried in
Washington Park. Services were
held in Shirley Brothers chapel.
Although detectives thought
Brady would tell them where Mar
tin was hiding, the desperate main
tanned he did not know. At first it
was thought the wounded hoodlum
still was in Indianapolis. This the
DRY had been abandoned today.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-05-02
DONALD SILVER HONORED
State Safety Chief Elected to Inter-
national Association.
Times Special

4 FWItH NVttFuI
WILMINGTON. Del. May a.
Donald F. Silver. Indiana Public
Safety director, has been elected to
membership in the international
Association of Chiefs of Police, it
was announced today.
This association, which was estab-
lished in 1893. works to develop i'm
proved methods of communication
Identification, crime prevention and
police administration.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-05-02
WEATHER IN OTHER CITIES AT A. \
Isolated Trapper Saved

By United Press
SEWARD, Alaska, May 2.-Steve
Agenia, Portlock trapper, lay for
IA days in a. cabin without fire or
food before being rescued by an
other trapper. Had it not been for
the chance passing of neighbor
he probably would have persisted.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-05-02
LAUNCHES SILK DRIVE
China to Make Effort to Capture
World Market.

SHANGHAI, May I'm a dras-
tic effort to capture the world silk
market for China. the ministry of
industry viii soon establish SELL
ing agents in key cities of the
world as well as providing for the
Standardization Of the price and
quality Of Chinese silk,
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-05-02
BY DIR. ID. E. ROBERTSON

HALIFAX, N. S.-Hav-
ing missed death in the
first unexpected move, we
found that the period of
most intense excitement
had passed. We were still
living, capable of rational
thought and action.
| was more than satisfied
with the quality of the two
men with whom I was ma
rooned. They had them
selves well in hand, and al
though tense and quiet,
did not lose grip on them
selves. From them I was
able to reap a large store of
confidence.
Magill asked me how long it
took man to starve to death.
told him there would be do diff
Guilty in going two or three weeks
without food, but that starvation
would not be a factor in this.
Other questions of a similar
nature were asked me, having to
do with the medical end of such
situations. We agreed that we
would have tc establish ourselves
in definite place, and that we
must do this while our lights still
lasted.
We counted on the lantern for
some 18 hours, and on the miners
lamp for some shorter period. We
Immediately hit upon a plan of
building a fire in order to warm
and dry ourselves. It was very
cold. The absolute temperature
was not low-I fancy somewhere
in the 50s-but under the circum-
stances it seemed very cold.
XXTE shivered freely, through
w fear and nervousness as well
as cold. suggested that this was
physiological reaction and that
we should not try to restrain these
shivers but to give them full rein,
and in this way stimulate circula-
ton and warm ourselves.
We searched for wood that was
burnable, and we found small
box made of thin, soft wood which
had been used for carrying dyna-
mite. Just little to the south
of the landing stage we pulled a
big piece Of fallen rock into cir
cular position. 1t was about three
yards in diameter.
On this ALT, who had a knife,
began to make splinters. While
he was engaged in this large
piece of rock fell from the hang
ing wall and barely missed his
head. got thrill when I saw
the calm manner in which he
pushed it out of his way.
We moved our burning stone to
position under some tin1bering,
which protected us against any
more falling rock. We got the
fire started by using the miners
lamp. BY means of incessant
blowing, with our faces close down
to the fire, we were able TO get
the fire alight and produce smoke.
We then realized that the
smoke was typical wood smoke
and that it would in all prob
ability seep through the crevices
of the rock and let the people on
the surface, by recognizing it's
character, realize that We were
still living and had built fire.
NTAGILL and ALI wanted to
1V1 smoke, but found that their
cigarets were sodden and their
matches in like condition. We
kept our fire going a matter of Is
hours, but it was only by dint of
continuous blowing by one or two
that it was kept alight at all.
1t was during this time, think,
that we all first complained of
numbness in the feet, which I
recognized as the beginning of
trench foot" particularly i my
case, as my shoes were not tight.
I suspected that Alf's boots were
laced too tightly.
Magill took the opportunity of
changing his socks, or at least
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-05-02
CCC Youth 7-Feet Tall

By United Press
KLAMATH FALLS, Ore, May 2.
Claiming to be the tallest man in
the CCC organization, Elmer
Reichert, whose home is in Ohio,
measures seven feet, four inches.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-05-02
NARCOTICS ARE STOLEN

DIR. George F. LawIer Reports S756
Theft to City Police.
Narcotics valued at $756 were
stolen from DR.. George F. Lawler,
1909 E. 10th-st, the physician re-
ported to police today.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-05-02
Phone Charge Ordered Cut

CHICAGO. May 1.-THE Illinois
Commerce Commissicn has ordered
the Illinois Bell Telephone Co. to
reduce its monthly charge for use
of hand-set telephones Immediately
from IS cents to is cents
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-05-02
445 ARE ARRESTED BY
STATE ABC, FRY SAYS
2sS Convicted of Liquor Infractions
Since Jan. 1.

Since Jan. 1.
The enforcement division of the
State Alcoholic Beverages Commits
sion made 1882 Investigations, con-
fiscated n stills and arrested 44S
persons during the first quarter OF
this year. Paul P. Fry, State Excise
Administrator, reported today.
OF the number arrested, 238 con-
victions were obtained, he said, and
fines totaling s25,So9 were collected
This money is distributed in pay
ments to school units, Mr.. Fry said
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-05-02
TRAMP PIG ARRESTED
Montreal Police Jail Tiny Animal
for Lettering"

By OnNed Press
MONTREAL, May "A tiny
pig, found wandering about the
streets in Cote Ste. Paul, was ar
rested on charge of lettering and
placed in a cell until the owner
claimed it.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-05-02
OFFICIAL WEATHER
United States weather Bureau

Sunrise ........4:44 Sunset .......6:40
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-05-02

BAROMETER
IA. m..... 29.9O
Precipitation "a hrs ending a. m... AZ
Total precipitation since Jan. 1.......10 g
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-05-02

Three men are marooned in col
lapsed mine. One is fat and so; one
30, thin. high-strung; one tough-fibred,
a miner. How do these men face the
catastrophe of being buried alive? DR..
d, e. Robertson, one of the survivors
OF the Moose River mine entombment
writes the second installment of his
tense narrative today.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1936-02-28
Professor DIR. Paul Dittrich
ZemToI

V Praze zemrel nahle We We
ku Is let byvaly professor soud
n1ho lekafstv1 ma prazske ne
mecke universite prof. DIR.
Paul Dittrich. ZemTely pros
lul jake lekaTsky znalec v mno
ha vzrusuj1c1ch kriminaln1ch
pT1ch. Jeste kratce pred OBJ
chodem do vysluzby jake hlav-
nj vedecky expert rozhodl O
zahadn6m pr1pade smrti l6ka-
re v kutnohorske nemocnici.
Hlavn1 cast rozsahle vedecke
prace konal professor Dittrich
%pozornost sirokeho pu-
blika, jez z jeho prace znalo
len briliantnl a peclive posud-
ky pronasene v soudni SIM.
Professor Dittrich, syn malo-
stranske patricijsKe nemecke
hodiny lekarnicke, Sc chtel pG-
vodne venovat psychopatolo-
gil. Ma studijnich cestach Ne
.meckem VSak Sc pr1klOnll mel
prve k bakteriologii, a pax she
dou okolnostf, Sc dostal v ro-
ce 1890 "a asistenta v 1stave
pro soudni lekaTstv1. Tomu jiz
zGstal veren. V roce 1898 pc
pGsobeni We V1dni a InsprukU
Sc dostal "a profesora teto dis
cipliny v Praze a setrval tn az
do svych sedmdesatin. KRONE
ucitelske prace sepsal vynika.
j1c1 des1tisvazkovou ucebnic.
soudn1ho lekarstv1 a Tadu cd.
bornych spisG, jimiz pfispel
k zakonodarne formulaci ne.
kterych kriminaln1ch = lekai
skych otazek.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1936-02-28
0 narodni dunn " Ceskem
TeSine.

Pred nekolika mes1ci seSel
Sc pf1pravny vybor osvetovych
pracovnfkG, jenz 81 wal "a u
kol postaven1 Narodn1ho do
mu, jehoz nutnost sc ma ohro-
zenem pomezl pocitovala z
nejrGznejs1ch dGvodG. Maly
Slezsky dun uz davno nepo-
stacoval a cetne ceske osv6to-
We a jine podniky musily Sc
spokojiti S mfstnostmi nemec-
kymi nebo polskymi. Budou
zahajeny obecne sbirky ma u
zem1 nejenom tesfnskem, ny
BIZ We vsech krajfch republiky.
jez Sc zajfmaj1 o tyto 1koly.
Akce Dude zahajena 80. ledna
predstaven1m Narodnlho diva
ola moravskoslezskeho z Mo-
travske Ostravy, jez sehraje We
prospect Narodn1ho domu
Smetanovu Libusi.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1936-02-28
VALKA.

We vladnich kruz1ch ital-
skych bylo ujistovano, re cisaf
Habese, Selassie, postal Lie
narodd V zeneve move navrhy
ma ukoncen1 italo-habeSske val
ky.
Dalsf italsky postup ma Sc
vernf fronte V Habesi byl dnes
oznamen marsalem Badogilou,
ktery prav1: "Prvn1 armadn1
sbor obsadil silnou posici u
Aderatu. jizne cd Bully. Letci
byli nejvice cinnymi We vsech
sektorech severn1 fronty. Ma
somalske fronte situace zusta-
va nezmenena." Novy italsky
napor ma JIM fronte V Habe-
81 byl pTedpov6zen italskym
tiskem, We smeru Magalo a
Hararu. y Magalo pry zaca-
10 slime letecke pumovan1, ably
bylo pTeruseno spojen1 S Hara-
rem a Adds Ababou.
Italove vy~uz1vaj1 1plne de-
moralisace habesskych vojG
zkrusenych drtivou porazkou
ma severnim bojisti, kde ztra-
tily asi 5000 muzG. Italske
vojenske kruhy prohlasujf, re
by nebylo pro ne pfekvape-
MIN, kdyby valka byla ukon-
cena do tTf tydnu.
Armada gen. Badoglia, tab
nouc1 ma Jill, obkl1cila 100000
habesskych boiovnfkG rasa Sc
luna a rasa Kassy. Glen /
tall je skalni tVrz Amba Ala
il, pnoucf Sc do vyse 1900
stop mad hladinou moTskou.