davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1936-09-20

safety and interests it will promptly
get ready to meet the emergency.
But where, in all this, is the ex-
plicit, or even the implicit recognition
by the other 20 American republics
that the United States has right
or an obligation to look after them?
The provisions Of international law
must be derived from an interna-
tional agreement, open or tacit, with
out which they lack validity or ef-
feet, unless they are put into force
by sheer violence. No single State,
without consulting anything but its
own peculiar interests, can assume
the role of q universal legislator for
all the American continent.
The Latin American states have
never-except in isolated, individual
utterances of some Of their states
men who had in mind, of course, the
original doctrine, not its present de-
rivatives-expressed in a formal or
official way their adherence to the
Monroe Doctrine as it is understood
today. To be sure, most Of them
have praised, and still praise, the
original Monroe Doctrine. In fact,
they praise it exaggeratedly. Some
of them have even gone SO far as
to call it q principle of American
public law, when they thought they
could use 1t to their own advani
taee. But these individual declara-
tions are very far from giving the
Monroe Doctrine Q contractual or
continental nature, Just as the in
dividual declarations of their North
ern colleagues did not give the doc
trine an obligatory, unalterable char
acter.
On the other hand, on the one
occasion in which q formal proposal
for an Endorsement Of the Monroe
Doctrine-of the original Monroe Doc
trine, not Of. the modern one, which
they consider anathema-was sub
mitted to the representatives Of the
La American republics, they re-
jected it overwhelmingly. At the
fourth Pan-American conference at
Buenos Aires, q Brazilian project for
collective acknowledgment # the BEN
efits derived by Latin America from
the FORMULATION Of the Monroe Doc
trine failed to receive any support,
even. after it had been modified and
redrafted several times. And that
was in 1910. before the more recent
interpretations Of the doctrine had
added tJ its debit in the eyes Of
Latin America.
(Copyrisht. 1936.)
Evening star., 1936-09-20
NATIONS WILL RESIST
CERMANY'S DEMANDS
France, Japan and Britain Have
Indicated They Will Fight
for Colonies.
for Colonies.

governor OF German East Africa,
concludes:
"Other countries will gradually
learn to appreciate that peace and
reconciliation are the aims Of the
German people-that is to say, of
course, on the basis of an equality
which cannot be denied great peo-
pie in the long run. This equality
includes equality in the colonial
realm. This demand, too, will win
the day."
Editorial writer's, Hitler himself
and innumerable Nazi spokesmen
dwell again and again on the colonial
issue in German newspapers and lee
ture halls. They contend colonies are
matter Of German pride, as well as
economic necessity.
Confiscation of German possessions.
they argue, violated not only Wilson'S
IA points. but also pledges made at
Locarno in 1925 to recognize Ger
many's colonial claims.
Joseph Goebbels, Reich minister of
propaganda, told recent mass meet
ing In Berlin: '"The time Is coming
when, we must demand colonies.
Things cannot 60 on like this. There
are countries which have more Colo
nies than they know what to do
with"
William Frick, minister Of the In
terror. paved the way for Hitler's
first, decisive step toward claiming
colonial rights by condoning the
italian conquest Of Ethiopia.
"As q people who don't possess
SUFFICIENT elbow ROOM" he told dis
trict Nazi convention, I'VE have COM
plete understanding Of Italy's aims.
But also we want to say quite plainly
that Germany has an even far
greater right to colonial possessions
than Italy"
Then, on March Z, Hitler made the
official claim, amid the deafening
cheers Of the Reichstag. whose men,
bers he informed:
Germany Is ready to re-enter the
League Of Nations In the expectation
that in due course, by amicable nego-
taition, the question Of political equal
ity : : : shall be cleared up"
DR.. doebbel's propaganda machine
lContinusd a Iafth Pags.l
Evening star., 1936-09-20
BY BARNETT BILDERSEE,
Associated Press Foreign Staf1.

- ERMANY'S colonial demands
I are part and parcel" of a
I plan for economic inde-
pendence Reichsfuehrer
Adolf Hitler proclaimed to 100000
Nazis at the Nurnberg convention.
Throughout the world the questions
were asked:
"Is Germany determined to demand
colonies?
eff SO, how?
"Will other powers resist force
full efforts?" Many signs indicate
the answers.
German ambitions, observers be-
lieve, cannot be fulfilled until the
Reich has become q colonial power.
They remember-and the German
people are not allowed to forget
point three Of the Nazis' famous Is
points:
I'VE demand land and territory
(colonies) for supplying foodstuffs to
our people and for settling our surplus
population" '
For more than q year every portent
has indicated the German foreign
policy viii be founded on the demand
for restoration Of the vast overseas
empire lost to Germany in 1918 or for
satisfaction elsewhere abroad, pos
sibly, even, in Europe. -
Technique L. Evident.
The technique Of Der Fuehrer In
whipping his nation into readiness
for Maxi coup by q careful propa-
ganda campaign is evident In German
discussions of colonial policy.
!, For years. before universal mill
tary training was decreed in defiance
of the Versailles Treaty, the neces-
sity for conscription was hammered
into the minds of the German people.
A careful campaign Of pointing out
the weakness of the League Of Nations
preceded Germany's withdrawal In
1888.
Tens Of thousands of copies Of
"The German Colonies Before. Dur
ing and After the World War" have
been purchased by the German people
and have awakened . colonial con.
sciousness in them. The text books
author, DR.. Heinrich schuee, former
Evening star., 1936-09-20

YlId tne Iormai suggestion
M by the Peruvian govern
Wv ment for a reform of
article 81 of the League
Covenant, the number of Latin
American countries which have off,
cially expressed their disapproval of
the famous article mentioning the
Monroe Doctrine as q regional un-
derstanding" has been increased to
seven.
Honduras, Fl Salvador. Costa Rica.
Mexico, Argentina and Ecuador have,
at one time or other, registered their
protest over the wording Of article
81, which says that nothing in the
covenant "shall be deemed to affect
the validity of international engage
ments, such as treaties of arbitration
or regional understandings like the
Monroe Doctrine, for securing the
maintenance Of peace" The Peruvian
suggestion is strongly supported by
those previous reservations and will,
probably, call forth more from other
Latin American governments.
Contrary to the belief Of Latin
Americans Of the time-which Is still
the belief Of the large majority Of
Latin Americans-the Monroe Doc
trine was originally intended to be q
nationalistic policy exclusively Of the
United States. And it has been just
that, In spite Of all the transforms
tions and corollaries which have fol-
lowed It. Monroe, Adams. Clay Gin
his later career as Secretary Of State),
Polk, all the statesmen who had q
part In the pronunciation Of the doc
trine, abhorred the idea Of its being
converted into q continental pact in
which the Latin republics to the
south would have q part. And later
on, Seward, Grant. Olney. Cleveland.
Theodore Roosevelt. Elihu Root, Taft,
Knox, Wilson, Bryan, Lansing.
Hughes, Coolidge, Kellogg, Hoover.
Stimson-all the northern statesmen
who have had anything to do with
the Monroe Doctrine In its ITO years
Of existence-have stressed the fact
that this Is . policy Of the United
States, which the United States alone
can Interpret. apply Of disregard At
viii. 4
Evening star., 1936-09-20
Oklahoma Farm Taxes
Decline so Per Cent

SALTWATER, Okla. R.-Taxes
on farms In Oklahoma have dropped
more than SO per cent in the past
five years. the most outstanding tax
shift in the history Of the State, 1t Ii
shown In figures compiled by ]. T.
Sanders, head of the department Of
agricultural economics at Oklahoma
Agricultural and Mechanical College.
school taxes were reduced from an
average Of 20 cents per acre In 1880
to 10 cents In 1885, decline Of 50
per cent" Sanders said State tax com.
mission records reveal
Other reductions cited included .
drop IN county taxes from 13 cents to
10 cents, q decline Of approximately
80 per cent; State and township taxes.
q decline from II cents II one and
one-half cents, q drop Of SO per cent.
Evening star., 1936-09-20
MONROE DOCTRINE HIT
AS MEANING A 'PACT''
Peru Is Seventh Nation to Disapprove
Language of League Covenant
... as Unilateral ONLY.

How were the drafters of the League
Covenant induced to call the Monroe
Doctrine a regional understandings"
Latin Americans have several ques-
tions to ask in this connection,
Where, they say. is there any such
regional understanding" about the
Monroe Doctrine? If there is any,
which of the different versions of it
has been adopted? Upon which
formula has the understanding been
reached? Upon formulas already ex-
pressed? Then, upon which of them?
Upon future formulas? This would
amount to accepting, in advance,
whatever new interpretations the
Washington Government may choose
to favor in the years to come. When
have the Latin American states ex-
pressed their adherence to the Monroe
Doctrine, particularly to the Monroe
Doctrine as 1t stands today, with
corollaries, ETC.? When has the doc
trine even remotely approached an
understanding among the nations of
the Western Hemisphere? Is not the
doctrine, on the contrary, denounced
every day by Latin Americans-due, 1t
is true, to q misunderstanding Of 1t,
but also to the misuse and distortions
which have caused such misunder-
standing? And, even in the case Of
the original doctrine, when has the
United States expressly received from
the Latin American countries man
date to protect or defend their terri
torial integrity or their political
sovereignty from non-American infu-
ences?
The United States undertook this
responsibility without consulting or
asking permission from any one be-
cause it deemed the integrity Of its
Latin American neighbors convenient
to its own safety and intert
Whenever an infringement Of that
integrity threatened its interests or
safety the United States upheld the
Monroe Doctrine. When the infringe
ment failed to alarm 1t, even the
United States overlooked the doctrine.
And 1t is safe to predict that when
ever In the future the United States
feels that . violation Of the Monroe
Doctrine y again threatening IT.
Evening star., 1936-09-20

friendly. but far from hilarious. His
eyes are steady and brown (but not as
brown as Peggy Ann's). and he wears
glasses. He has tousled, unruly hair.
Nothing up and dressed" about him,
as they used to say in my home coun-
try. Not the slightest touch of the
statuesque statesman, just an average
citizen of the upper brackets.
In the press stand I sat where !
could watch him closely and was with
in 10 feet Of him while he spoke. It
was when he said: This American
Evening star., 1936-09-20

way Of life is being challenged" that I
caught his profile, saw the significance
of that chin. 1t was warning to the
challenger-not a telligerent chin of
the jutting type, a rather delicate one,
but it had q way Of setting that meant
no fooling.
Gov. Landon's full-face cuts in the
public prints don't do him justice. To
catch him right, the camera men
should turn him profile on, then. be-
fore pressing the button, contradict
him about something,
Evening star., 1936-09-20
Nazi Government Helps
Build Russian Cathedral

BERLIN R.-The German govern
ment contributed $4,000 marks ($i2.-
000) towards the building Of new
Russian cathedral In q southwestern
suburbs Of Berlin, further funds being
provided BY the Russian emisre col
ony here.
Evening star., 1936-09-20
BY GARRETT SMITH,

BY GAKKETT SMITH.
I GOT my first view of the Governor
as he approached the speaker S
stand almost under the rail of the
4 press stand behind which I stood
1t was good closeup as he came
by bowling and smiling, but with never
a suggestion of the professional poll
tician's bow and smile, though he had
a special greeting for old neighbors
here and there.
The first impression one receives of
Landon is an impression of quiet, un-
assuming dignity. His attitude is
Evening star., 1936-09-20

No. /. The Landon family as they
celebrated July while vacationins at
Estes Park, Colo.
No. 2. The Governor passes the
time of day with George Seaman
ueft), "bullwhacker," whose oxen
pulled the covered WAGON in which
Landon rode during a campaign trip.
Mark Reeve is at right.
. No. 3. Greeting Republican leaders
in New York while en- route to Maine.
- Note-How does Coo Alfred M.
Ldndon's personality impress the
typical American cttizen-the man
Who is not a professional politician
but who is deeply interested in his
country's pelfare? Garrett Smith
tcdnted to ansuer that question. In
the tollotuin0 article he tells OF
meeting the nominee and describes
the reactions OF the public to his
personality.
Evening star., 1936-09-20
BY GASTON NERVAL.

BY GASTON NERVAL.
w YITH the formal suggestion
\A/ by the Peruvian govern
Wv ment for q reform Of
article 21 of the Ieap1le
Evening star., 1936-09-20

lcontinusd on Fifth Pags.l
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1936-04-03

On it's guns the Frick Company gets
''the usual discount" which means it
is steady customer.
A discount on death.
Frick gets his guns for cash, minus
a discount. No waste there. Good
sound business management. If there
is irony in that, it is the irony of
fact.
Meanwhile it has to be admitted that
labor isn't presenting SO very much
of threat to steel. 1t isn't breaking
its neck to organize.
Organization is what steel fears.
Steel doesn't want to shoot workers
who go and come about their work,
never talking to any other workers,
or joining with them.
Steel fears it will be confronted
with workers who are organized into
union, and it is preparing to
SHOOT AT THAT
That is very interesting fact, in
1886.
The situation might interest the
National Relations Board, which is
doing its best to keep from getting
knocked out by the courts.
Gentlemen just like those who are
buying guns to shoot at unions are
firing away in the courts to kill the
Labor Relations Board.
Their idea IS to let nothing come
between the baron and his chattels.
It's great idea. 1t has been in
the world, in one form or another, for
long time. Napoleon had it. Musso-
lini has it; so has Hitler; SO has Stain
What is the essential difference be-
tween steel and other dictators?
Some will say, "This can't go on
forever" And that is exactly right
1t can't go on forever. But it can go
on for a long time to come, unless
workers DO get together.
The guns of steel can impede prog
ress but LABOR HAS TO WIN IN
UNITY or forever accept bondage. Of
course labor will win in unity, for
1T can't go on forever"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1936-04-03

have not gone about the business of
flood control and prevention on scale
sufficiently large Army engineers
say floods can be eurbed, if not en-
tirely prevented, Yet the nation, de-
spite large sums Of money spent on
attempts TO harness the Mississippi
and other rivers, has tackled the flood
problem ii half hearted manner
which has not done away with the
flood danger.
Here IS national task that will
give work to the unemployed for years
to come, and that will be Of meal
culable benefit as long as the nation
endufes. There Is the money, the
equipment, the ability and intelli-
gence to successfully solve the prob
lem. Nothing seems lacking but the
will.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1936-04-03
The Jehovah Complex Of Judges

lespie VS.. Oklahoma, and that this
decision was wrong and ought to bt
reversed.
Justice Brandeis, in three notes te
his dissenting opinion, gives 28 cases
in which the supreme court has over,
ruled its own previous decisions. The
mere recital of these cases woult
take more space than can be spared
here.
Many Decisions Later Qualified"
Justice Brandeis also notes IA cases
in which the supreme court has
strongly qualified an earlier deci.
sion by later one. On page 400, he
says in Note 4
ssSee Farmers Loan & Trust Co. VS.
Minnesota (28O, U. S. 204), overrul-
ing Blackstone vs.. Miller (1S8 u. S.
1897. =. During the 27 years pre-
ceding the decision of Farmers Loar
& Trust Co., Blackstone VS.. Miller
had been cited in this court with ap
proval Is times"
IN less legal language, the SUI
preme court decided a certain
way in Blackstone VS.. Miller,
They held to it for 27 years; and
in that time they cited it as au-
thority Is times. And at the end
/ of that time, they had to reverse
themselves and overrule this
| favorite decision when they came
to Farmers Loan and Trust Co. vs..
| Minnesota.
/ If anything will take the halo o
infallibility from the courts head
that oought to do it.
Under the rule of Gillespie vs.
Oklahoma, says Justice Brandeis il
his dissenting opinion, vast privat
incomes are being given immunit.
from state and federal taxation.
agree with Mr.. Justice Stone tha
i that case Gillespie, etc. was wrong
/ " decided and should be frankly over
ruled. Merely to construe strictly it
doctrine will not adequately protec
/ the public revenues.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1936-04-03
Bv GEORGE L. KNAPP

Every opinion delivered by the
supreme court is as positive as if it
came from Sinai To read these opin-
ions, one might think that there was
no more chance of revising the courts
decision than of revamping the Ten
Commandments
But the facts are somewhat differ
ent. Chief Justice Taney wiped out
all barriers to slavery; and where is
slavery now? The American people
abolished it. 1t took civil war to do
this, however, and supreme court
that has to be overruled by a civil
war is rather expensive. A later
supreme court denied the right of the
federal government to levy income
taxes. 1t took an amendment to the
constitution to overturn that deci-
sion; but the job was done. And
there are times when the court turns
over of itself.
DuEHel vs.. 1OIOIliuO VII x 6dS ~.
(285 U. S. 393), decided April II,
1882, is an interesting case in itself,
but more interesting for what it
brought out. Oklahoma had leased
some lands to the Coronado, and that
company raked in profits which only
black gold can give Burnet, com
missioner of internal revenue, assess
ed the Coronado for income and ex-
cess profits taxes for 1877. 1918 and
| 1919
Company's Claim Upheld
/ The company went to court, claiming
that it was only an agent Of the
state to utilize lands which were dedi-
Gated to the public schools, and was
therefore exempt from taxation.
By a vote of to 4, the supreme
court upheld this preposterous claim
Justice Braindeis and Justice Stone
wrote separate dissenting opinions, il
which Justices Cardozo and Roberts
concurred. These dissenters pointed
out that the court was following a
decision rendered in the case Of Gil
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1936-04-03
TO The POINT
Union Label Paragraphs that
Tell in Few Words How Pur-
chasing Power Can Be Used
to Boost Labor Movement and
Restore National Prosperity.

We're Building Up to An Awful
Let-D Down" unless we maintain union
wages, shorten hours and buy union
label goods.
Lets have a new theme song en-
titled "Cut the Hours and Not the
Pay"
If we truly desire to recover, we'll
have to discover that union-label buy
ing is the only way.
Man power will not be utilized un-
less workers use their buying power
The stretch-out, speed-up and
"chisel-in' can all be Offset by buying
union-labeled goods.
The union label and the labor union
are the pioneers of higher wages anc
shorter hours.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1936-04-03
The Cherry
STw Where with our
roo Little Katchet
we tell the truth
about many things, sometimes pro-
foundly, sometimes aippantly,
sometimes recklessly.

Steel is stocking up with guns and
gas masks and clubs and all the
things which was is made.
War is steel's idea Of LABOR RE
LATIoNS.
Labor relations are the kind Of re-
lations you kick out, with the injunc-
tion, Don't ever come back. /"
Steel has been that way ever since
Andrew Carnegie set the pace.
Since Holmstead there has been no
learning about labor in the great
barony Of steel
And the state of Pennsylvania, by
and large, has been the kind Of state
willing to abdicate sovereignty to
steel.
Who doesn't remember the coal and
iron police and the rotton borough
judges?
The Nye committee started out to
get facts to bear on neutrality legis-
lation and it is winding up in steel.
Neutrality is not exactly the func-
ton the state ought to play in the
kind Of war that is being planned by
steel.
When guns are bought they are
bought because somebody wants to
have guns for use.
The one purpose Of guns is to shoot
bullets that viii kill men.
Read elsewhere the figure about
what steel has been buying in the
way Of munitions.
So many machine guns, 50 many re-
volvers, SO many gas bombs, SO many
this, 50 many that, piling up war
supply that Emp. Halle Selassie
might well envy.
This is 1886 and that is the way Of
the ennporers Of steel in 1886.
Civilization progress modern
times it depends upon the point Of
view.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1936-04-03

Notice
The So, So, $5 Sales Tax Punch Cards
may still be used. Our stock is complete and
ready for delivery in any amounts
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1936-04-03
WHAT NEXT?

A new electric fan, just put on the
market, is equipped with flexible,
tough, molded-rubber blades that are
peculiarly shaped to give maximum
efficiency, are virtually noiseless in
operation at all speeds and will not
iniure fingers Or other interfering
objects
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1936-04-03
ISDOM

The mind, when imbued with the
lessons Of wisdom, is like a charioteer;
for it restrains the desires implanted
il US, and brings US back to virtue
Demophilus.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1936-04-03

Minneapolis (ILNs) Workers at
the ]. R. Clark Wooden Ware and
Lath Company plant, who engaged in
sit down strike for two days,
returned to work when the company
agreed to arbitrate the case of a
DISCHARGED worker.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1936-04-03
GEO. KAPPEL

Practical all-around tailor, would like
to be favored with your patronage, for
Repairing, Altering, Cleaning, Press
ing, removing wearshine and Refining.
162 N. B Street. 1887 w. Will call for.
Give estimates and deliver.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1936-04-03
WHY NOT REAL FLOOD CONTROL

Disastrous floods il the eastern
states have again focused public at
tention on flood prevention mad con-
troll
4 business publication, citing Mis-
sissippi floods from the time of De
Sofa to the present, asks why are
great floods still possible after cen
turies Of experience, The question IS
heard after every big flood
There Is only one answer to the ques-
tion. The people Of the United States
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1936-04-03
FRIDAY, APRIL 3, 1886
BACKWARD STEP IN INDUSTRY


As inevitable as the movement OF 2
glacier apparently IS the trend q
lengthenlng hours n industry. t ap-
pears N reports from PennsyiYania
20 California ~ the deceptive torn
OF an apparent increase q paVfoils
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1936-04-03
For. Sale
Certificate Of Exemption
Blanks
Prescribed by the Tax Commission of Ohio

The rulings Of the Tax Commission of
Ohio make the filling out Of Certificate Of
Exemption Blanks mandatory where goods
are purchased for resale, for Incorporation
in manufacturing, assembling, processing
or refining and in the production of tangi-
bic personal property for sale in farming.
These certificates must be filled out by
political subdivisions, interstate commerce,
charitable and religious organizations Fed
eral Government or a government instru-
mentality and all others who are exempt
from the Ohio Retail Sales Tax
We carry these Certificate Of Exemption
Blanks in stock. Bound in convenient pads
and ready for immediate delivery
For full information call 1896