davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1936-04-19

$3.50 000, 900 was ear-marked for eX-
penditure in cities, in accordance with
a plan put forward by the United
States Conference Of Mayors that all
quotas allotted to States be allocated
by the States on IS per cent popu-
lation and Is per cent relief loan
basis. The Federal c. w. A. money
went principally for wages, the States
and cities augmenting these grants by
furnishing materials and supplies.
Since the unemployment problem ex-
isted here as elsewhere. the District
shared in this temporary emergency
program.
Another indication that at least
some of the temporary new forms Of
Federal aid are likely to remain is
found in the case of grade-crossing
elimination. This type of work was
added to the Federal highway pro-
gram during the emergency and is
retained in the bill recently introduced
for continuation of the normal high
way authorizations.
In a drive to return unemploya-
bles to the care of the States and
local communities, the administration
terminated F. E. R. A. at the end
of 1885, leaving the Works Progress
Administration to carry on projects
for employables.
Centralized Program.
AS the directors and admins
traitors of w. p A. are Federal rather
than State officers. this work-relief
program is centralized in the Federal
Government to greater degree than
in any of the previous phases of work.
relief AS in the case of c. w. A.,
the Federal w. P. A. allotments are
supplemented by whatever funds the
localities have available to contribute
to the projects. The amounts pro-
vided by the political subdivisions has
been estimated at between Is and 16
per cent of the total of w. P. A. ex-
penditures.
Whether the States and localities
will be able to support the burden oi
unemployables is open to question
Reports were almost unanimous
among 20 sample" communitie:
questioned by the international City
Managers Association in December
1885, that the "facile distribution ol
the relief load among the severa
levels of government according tc
employability is not developing pre-
cisely according to plan," and thai
in the future Federal or State gov
ernments must assume major part
of the relief load for unemployable'
as well as for employables.
The social security law. of course
is new and permanent form Of Fed
eral aid to care for the aged, the blinc
and in. improving health conditions
While it is expected social security
legislation will make provision fol
many of the unemployables, the socia
security program is not yet in ful
swing. depending on the enactment
of cooperative State pension laws.
Under the New Deal the Fedora
Government has given definite sup
port to municipal ownership of utili.
ties in the form of allotments fol
municipal waterworks, city-owned gas
plants and public electric power
plants.
Evening star., 1936-04-19

ME feOeTal government, Oy
dealing directly with hundreds
of cities in the expenditure of
emergency funds, has ventured
along a new path in governmental
policy from which it will find great
| difficulty in turning back when the
depression is over, in the opinion of
experts who have studied the sub
ject.
Federal subsidies to the States are
not new-in fact they date back in
varying forms almost to the birth
of the Nation. But the establish
ment of direct contact between the
Treasury and the far-hung hamlets
of the country Is new trend of the
last four years, and is causing stu
dents Of political economy to pom
der over its future effects.
While this relationship between the
Nation and its cities was conceived
as an emergency step to fight the
depression, developments in Congress
this year bear out those who predict
it will not be easy to dissolve the
new partnership.
1lC" Dll IdllS 1OI q
four-year program starting in the
fiscal year 1887, and contemplates
grants and loans to local as well as
State housing authorities.
There is some sentiment also for
new appropriation to enable the
Public Works Administration to 60
forward with additional nom Federal
loan-and-grant projects of counties
and municipalities A recent Senate
resolution showed P. w. A. has a
long list of such applications that
have been approved and could be
started if funds were available.
March Fund Plea.
In his message of March lS on
relief needs for the coming fiscal
year, the President asked for an ap-
preparation of $500, 100000 to the
Works Progress Administration" This
agency works through State admin
istrators on projects which can be
started quickly to provide wages for
unemployed, as distinguished from
the more permanent type Of P. w. A.
Improvements.
Although a new P. w. A. authori-
zation bill has not been introduced
to date, it would be entirely possible
for Congress to ear-mark part of the
$500, 100000 relief fund for con-
struction loans and grants to munich
palities. In fact, it followed that
course last year in the $4,000, ,000, 900
work relief appropriation.
OF course, with 100000 families
and unattached persons still being
provided for by w. P. A. or local re-
lief projects. the additional work re-
lief legislation this Congress is ex-
pected to pass can be regarded as
part Of the emergency period.
Nevertheless, the history of how the
normal subsidies to the States ex-
tended gradually into new fields of
activity for more than a century prior
to the depression, would seem to sup
port the view of those who predict the
new policy of Federal aid to cities Is
likely to continue in some degree.
What effect would prolonged con-
tinuation of the policy have on the
Evening star., 1936-04-19
BY MARK SULLIVAN.
VTPVRODY knovs that In n

VERYBODY knows that in con-
- sidering the coming presiden-
tial election past performances
- count little because the New
Deal, to a large extert, cuts at right
angles across the old American politi-
cal line-ups. Not "at right angles.g
for to surprising extent Democrats
still remain Democrats, Republicans
remain Republicans. In the coming
election everybody expects the Dem
ocratic solid South to vote as Demo-
cratic as it habitually has. Funda-
mentally, the terms Democratic" and
Republican" are as obsolete as terms
like "Federalist" and "Whig." But
Republican" and Democrat" remain
the terms under which the country
will vote.
I say this by way Of introducing
figures showing the popular vote in
five presidential elections during 20
years past. The figures, as light on
what may happen next November,
are reduced in their significance by
the fact have just mentioned. They
are modified also by the fact that
woman suffrage came in 1920. They
are further modified by the fact that
in one election, 1924, there was a
third party tthat of the late Senator
La Toilette who, running as a candi-
date labeled independent, Progress
sive and Socialist" got 1922 1856
votes).
Statistical Starting Point.
Nevertheless, these figures, the Re-
publican and Democratic vote in the
latest five presidential elections, re-
main the statistical starting point for
Evening star., 1936-04-19
, functions of the States as units Of

7 functions of the States as units OF
| Government?
To what extent would it spread part
Of the cost of municipal improve
ments over the country as whole?
To what extent would it encourage
cities to increase their own tax bur-
dens in normal economic times to
| supplement the Federal grants?
These are some of the questions
that suggest themselves, If Federal CO.
operation with cities should become
more or less permanent.
Creatures of States.
"Traditionally, American cities have
been considered creatures of the
States having no important connec-
tions with the Government at Wash
ington," writes Bryant Putney, in a
recent bulletin of Editorial Research
Reports. But since 1882. and espe-
cially under the Roosevelt administra-
ton. the cities have come into direct
contact with the Federal Govern
| ment."
Students are generally agreed that
the relationships which have grown
up between the Federal Government
and the cities in recent years will not
disappear with the passing Of the de-
preston" he continues, and then
quotes Harold W. Dodds, president OF
the National Municipal League as
follows:
Human nature being what it Is
It is not probable that the new lines
of communication and supply. opened
between Washington and the Local
governments, will be allowed to crum-
bic. In years to come we shall
realize that the New Deal has left
its mark upon Federal-municipal at
titudes, and that it has launched us
upon a new and difficult relation
ship"
Another authority, Charles E. Mer-
riam, professor of political science al
the University of Chicago, maintain;
that the State. in many instances ha:
become a fifth wheel so far as city
government is concerned. The State
will neither grant autonomy to the
cities, nor will it assume the burden
| of administrative supervision over
| them. The State will neither rule mol
permit any one else to rule over
metropolitan regions Future govern
mental relations will be closer between
| the city and the Nation than between
city and county or between city and
State because the Federal Govern
ment Is more modernized in point oi
view than Is the State government
The emergency relief and construc-
tion act of 1882, the last year of thf
Hoover administration, was the first
step that brought the cities into close
contact with the Federal Government
by authorizing the r. F. C. to leno
money to cities as well as States. ano
to finance self-liquidating public
works.
Paul v. Betters, executive director
of the United States Conference oi
Mayors, has pointed out that munich
palities were specifically mentioned
in this first relief act, mot because
Of any agitation by State Governors
or State Legislatures, but as the
direct outcome Of a plea made te
President Hoover by the mayors oi
several large American cities
Evening star., 1936-04-19
Continued From First Page.)

pretense of taking the matter in hand
would have to be given up by Geneva.
1t has been suggested that Benito
Musolini did all he could to favor the
German action Of March 2. 1t can
be surmised that, nowadays, Adolf
Hitler himself would be only too
pleased If clashes between the Japa-
nese and Russians, in Outer Mongolia
or elsewhere, assumed extensive pro-
portions. The League could not even
attempt to save its face.
From the standpoint of the Leagues 8
Covenant, the warlike occurrences In
Eastern Africa are of a more serious
nature than the violation and the sup
preston of the demilitarized zone in
the Rhineland.
But cancellation of the demilitarized
zone, which can be described as no
more than a threat to the peace Of
the world, has to be handled under
Article XI, which does not bar mill
tary precautions. but makes their
adoption depend upon q unanimous
vote, from which the parties to the
conflict are not to be excluded.
The new Interpretation Of the Rhine
land pact and Of the Covenant which
has prevailed (cMsay on account Of
Evening star., 1936-04-19
Oslo Blames HOLLYWOOD
For Deficit i'm Children

OSLO CP.-Norway's capital has
an alarming deficit" of 10000 chill
dren, according to the city registrar,
and he places the blame squarely on
the film companies of Hollywood
TN lowering the birth-rate," he
said, people do not really save money.
They merely use their wages on un-
patriotic things instead Of supporting
national work.
1.-THE population Of Oslo spends q
million dollars year for moving pic
lures, which means that the film COM
panies of Hollywood get that to which
Norwegian farmers and food produc-
ers have a moral claim"
As a result Of the lowering birth
rate, Oslo today has $4,000 children
under IS, whereas the normal num-
Der should be 100000.
Evening star., 1936-04-19

of collective action, the League will
unavoidably recede in the minds Of
men far. very far-to the vanishing
point. Its unsuitability to the world
of today will not be seriously denied
any longer.
Evening star., 1936-04-19

In considering those figures the
names Of the respective candidates are
only partially material. Yet the
reader may wish to recall who the
candidates were and how the per-
sonality of each may have affected
his vote:
Evening star., 1936-04-19
Floods Close Schools.

Schools had to be closed when the
River Memal recently inundated So
streets and TOO houses, making 10000
people homeless, in Kovno, Russia.
Evening star., 1936-04-19
Paints 800 Windmills.

Karl Salisbury Wood. the painter.
has put on canvas pictures Of 500
| windmills in England.
Evening star., 1936-04-19
Promising Era Seen
For Western Nations

Continued From First Page)
Evening star., 1936-04-19
Faces Fight in Congress.

pSANSo eAAu oCoPlOC t4AC law b1ldG lC"
housing program is intended also as
an incentive for private industry to
do its part, the measure faces a long,
hard road In Congress. For President
Roosevelt the chief question is whether
he would care to back a bill author
izing expenditure of $4,000, 900 for
housing at time when he is seeking
new taxes to pay the soldiers bonus
and finance $500, ,000, 900 program
for additional work relief, the fate of
which is hanging in the balance.
Should the Wagner bill become a
law, however, its future path would
be lighted by the lamp of experience.
The early pioneering by p. w. A. in
low-cost housing makes 1t possible to
attack the problem on surer ground
and on principles of local cooperation
grown out of bitter experience.
When the Housing Division was or
ganized in the Summer of 1888 it was
first thought that the low-rent prob.
lem could be solved by private initia-
tive, that limited dividend companies
borrowing 85 per cent of their capital
from P. w. A. could build and operate
their own projects. Out of some 500
such applications. scarcely 20 were
thought acceptable and only 2 prof.
ects undertaken.
Limited dividend projects were ruled
out as mistake number one.
While the land troubles were at
their height President Roosevelt i'm.
pounded $110,000,000 of Mr.. Ickes'
housing funds for relief purposes and
the early slum clearance program was
tied up for six months.
The resourceful Mr.. Ickes, when the
money was turned back to him later,
abandoned slum clearance and land
condemnation in the heart of large
cities and started buying UP sites on
the outskirts. Yet there are 26 prof.
ects of a slum- clearance character out
Of the so NOW under construction.
Evening star., 1936-04-19

The first year of New Deal pioneer
ing in housing was one of cropping
in the dark, year of mistakes, lack
of information and battling difficulties.
And yet Sir Raymond Unwin, the
foremost world authority on housing,
has said that the United States had
accomplished more in its first year
In public housing than England had
In its Is.
AS an immediate and purely relief
measure, housing in this country can
not as yet be wholly effective. That
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-08-20
sAUK CENTRE HERALD, Sank Centre. MINI.

Joe Jennissen and Mrs. j. G.
Matthiesen called Friday at the
George Kind home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Walter Kind and
daughter, Marcella, George Kind
and son, Arvin, were Sunday visit
ors and dinner and supper guests
of Mr.. and Mrs. Albert Kind.
Heidermann boys visited Sunday
with the Henry Betow boys.
Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Below and
family and Mrs. Chas. Hummer WIS.,
tied Sunday evening with Mr.. and
Mrs, Walter Kind.
Mr.. and Mrs. Chas. Goodpaster
and sons. Larry and Roger, visited
Sunday afternoon at the Albert
Kind home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Martin Fritzlar and
family and Mr.. and Mrs. Henry
Fritzlar visited Sunday at George
Vile with Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Kum-
mer and family.
Mrs. Henry Betow and daughter,
Ella, visited Sunday afternoon at
the home of VIM. Below.
Arvin Kind was an overnight
guest Saturday at the home of Mr..
and Mrs. Arthur Lloyd.
Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Quade visited
Sunday with Mr.. and Mrs. Clemens
Hummer.
Arnold and Arvin Kind called at
the J. c. Matthiesen home Satur-
day evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charlie Martin Wis
tied Sunday with Andrew Fritzlar.
Fred Kohl, Of Elrosa, called on
Henry Below last Tuesday.
Mrs. Hulda Hummer visited with
Mrs. Alvin Hummer Friday.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-08-20
South Unity
Iulius Schmidt called at I

Julius Schmidt called at the Emii
Wiener home last Monday.
Leonard Betow returned to his
home after being employed at the
VIM. Betow home for the past few
weeks.
Alvin Betow is helping Herman
Wiener with filling silo for a few
days.
Clemens Hummer called at Walt
er Kinds Wednesday.
Arthur Cheadle called on the
Goodpaster boys Thursday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ray Goodpaster
and daughter, Alva, visited Thurs
day evening with Mr.. and Mrs.
Chas. Goodpaster and also with Mr..
and Mrs. Chas. Hummer.
Arnold and Arvin Kind, Gregor
bold and Earl Gamradt motored
to Minneapolis Thursday and re-
turned in the evening.
Mrs. Chas. Hummer and Willard,
Arnold and Arvin Kind visited Fri
day evening with Mr.. and Mrs.
Walter Kind.
Howard Goodpaster called on
Walter Kind Saturday.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-08-20
Stiles

Mr.. and Mrs. James Winters and
son, Irwin, and Mr.. and Mrs. Clar-
ence Winters and family, Of Mel
rose, were Sunday afternoon visit
ors at Henry Winters.
Mr.. and Mrs. Adolph visited at
the Frank Walthers home at West
port Monday afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Leo Doege and
family, of Westport, and Mr.. and
Mrs. Bill Klapperich, of Freeport,
were visitors at the Ben Lindemann
home Sunday.
Henry Holdvogt and son, Nor
bert and daughters, Agnes, Rose
and Theresa, Of New Munich, spent
Saturday afternoon at the Henry
Winters home.
Colt. Pastian and sons were Wis
itors at the Carolina Paul home
Sunday evening.
Mrs. Henry Miller and son,
Adolph, called at the John Reble
home Wednesday.
Virginia Lindemann is spending
few days at the Leo Doege home
at Westport.
Rev. and Mrs. Martens, of Tyler,
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-08-20

Mimi, and Mr.. and Mrs. Henry
hammers, Of Balaton, Mimi, spent
Monday night at the John Reble
home.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Reble accom-
panied by Mrs. Henry Wiegers and
son, Reinholdt, Of West Union, and
Raymond Guelsow spent the week.
end at Marshall, Mimi, visiting
with friends and relatives.
Mrs. Mary Miller and daughter,
Gerda, of Sank Centre, visited at
the Adolph Mickey home Friday.
Glen Willard called at I. w.
Kings Sunday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Jasper and
family spent Sunday evening at
Fenton Parker's.
Mr.. and Mrs. Herman and family
spent Sunday evening at the Geo.
Thieschafer home at Sank Centre.
Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Jasper and
family, Of Northwood, Iowa, spent
Friday evening at the Matt Mich
els home.
Marie Kemper, of Melrose, was
a dinner guest at the home of
her brother, Herman Kemper and
family, Saturday.
George Hermann and Tony Ben
field, of West Union, made a bus
mess trip to jamestown, North Da-
kota, Friday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Leo Unger visited
Tuesday evening at the John Re
BILE home.
caller at Little Sank Wednesday.
Ben Lindemann was a business
Mrs. Frank Domke spent one
day last week at the Ralph Lent
home.
Bill Beste called at the Adolph
Mickey home Wednesday,.
Mrs. Carolina Paul, Mrs. Paul
Guelsow and Mrs. John Reble at
tended the Zion Lutheran Ladies
Aid held at the Church basement
Thursday.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-08-20
Country News Letters
Items from Live Correspondents OF
the Rural Districts

Mr.. and Mrs. l. Quistdorff and
daughters, Mr.. and Mrs. Henry
Quistdorff and family took dinner
and spent the afternoon with Emil
Quistdorff's.
The farewell party which was
given for Miss Luella Magnuson,
Monday night was attended by
friends and neighbors. At midnight
lunch was served.
Mr.. and Mrs. Avery Norton and
children visited Sunday at the
Floyd Norton home.
Harold Birdsell was a caller at
Pete Anderson's Sunday forenoon.
Merlin and Shirley Magnuson
and Beverley Ireland spent Friday
night at the Emil Quistdorff home.
Charles Kennedy was a caller at
the Eddie Johnson home Monday.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-08-20
Fairy Lake News
ISIS Dorothy Beste is working

Miss Dorothy Beste is working
for her cousin, Ralph Beste.
The Misses Luella and Marcella
Magnuson, Of st. Paul, returned
home Saturday for a visit with
their mother. They will return on
Wednesday.
Gregor Dold spent Monday at
the Magnuson home.
Miss Mabel Quistdorff returned
home Sunday after a weeks visit
with Bertha and Ira Quistdorff.
Chris Warner was caller at the
Christ Anderson home Thursday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Emil Quistdorff Wis
tied Friday evening at the Avery
Norton home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph Beste and
daughters attended the farewell
party of Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Will
liams,
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-08-20
Elrosa

Math Worms, of New Munich,
was an Elrosa caller Tuesday.
Edmund Bayer made a trip to
Willmar Tuesday.
Ben Kampsen called at the Al
bert Schmidt home Wednesday
forenoon.
Mrs. Tony Lesser and Mrs. Al
bert Henning, Of Belgrade, were
callers at the Joe Lesser home
Wednesday.
John Spaeth, Of Padua, was at
Elrosa Thursday.
Glen Gullickson, of st. Paul, was
business caller in this vicinity
Thursday.
Leonard Kurchner, Of Spring
Hill, was an Elrosa caller Thurs
day.
A large crowd drove to Green
valid Thursday to attend the fun
eral of Mrs. Frank Wenglar.
John Meyer was a Brooten call
er Thursday.
E. r. Austin, Of Belgrade, was
at Elrosa Friday.
John Dericks was a Sank Cen
tire business caller Thursday.
Virgil Meyer had the misfortune
Of breaking his arm Wednesday
while playing ball.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ben Kampsen
visited at the Benedict Petermeier
home at st. Rose Saturday after
noon.
Avis Hieserich helped with cut
ting corn at Ben Kampsen's Mon
day.
Erwin and Bobby Imdickie and
Othmar Henkel called at the Nick
Hennen home Saturday.
John lilies spent Saturday and
Sunday afternoon with relatives at
Sank Centre.
Bill Imdickie called at the Louis
Michels home Friday morning.
Mr.. and Mrs. Joe Lesser and
family were Sank Centre callers
Sunday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Sieben and
family, Of Decatur, Illinois, are
visiting with relatives here.
A large crowd attended the Pete
Welle sale at Spring Hill Monday.
The John and Math Stang fam
lilies, of st. Martin, and Mr.. and
Mrs. Joe Lesser were callers at the
John Dericks home Sunday after
noon.
Lucille Meyer, who Is employed
at DR.. Townsend's Office at
Brooten, spent the week end with
her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. John
Meyer.
Nick and Claude Hennen visited
with relatives at Rockville Satur-
day and Sunday.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-08-20
Thursday, August 20, 1886

Frank Chermack took supper at
the William Kortan home Satur-'
day evening.
Tony Bieringer and little daugh-
ter and Ed Ebensteiner were cali
ers at the Frank Chermack home
Monday evening.
Robert and Lloyd Kinsella, OF
Sank Centre, spent Monday with
the Ben Lynch children.
The party at the Ed Kinsella
home on Thursday evening drew a
big crowd. Dancing and cards were
enjoyed and lunch was served at
midnight.
Frank Trisko and son, Roquette,
called at the Chermack home FRI
day evening.
Thomas A. Lynch spent Sunday
at the Albert Bromenschenkel
home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ben Lynch and
family and Jay Kinsella called at
the Hubert Schieffer home Satur-
day.
Paul Norris, of Glenwood, was
caller at the Frank Chermack home
Tuesday.
Jim Kinsella, of Morris, Mimi,
is spending a few days at the
Thomas Lynch home this week and
also with other relatives.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank frisco and
family spent Sunday at Osakis.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ben Bodomer spent
Monday at the Mrs. Sarah Rosneau
home.