davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1936-07-09

Coronado, in 1540-4l, brought an
expedition from New Spain now
Mexico) northward into what Is now
New Mexico, Eastern Colorado. West
ern Kansas. Reported Castenada, his
chronicler:
who could believe that 1000 horses
and 500 Of our cows and more than
5000 rams and ewes and more than
$500 friendly Indians and servants
in travelling over these plains would
leave no more trace where they had
passed than if nothing had been
there-nothing?"
Thus thickly did the lush green
grasses cover the plains. There the
buffalo, starting northward in the
Spring, graZed each section in turn.
yet left root and seed to the miracle
of reproduction.
After the Spaniards in the South
west came the settlers on the Eastern
seaboard, the Revolution. the steady
Westward march of the pioneers, the
influx Of homesteaders who staked out
their plots on the public domain.
Sheep Caused Damage.
Cattlemen and sheepmen drove their
herds and fiocks into the grassy plains
Of the Southwest Where cattle grazed,
something remained; where sheep
cropped, cattle could not follow and
live. Into Western Kansas. Nebraska,
Eastern Colorado they moved; to the
red desert country of Wyoming. up
across Montana. the two Dakotas,
clear to the Canadian border.
Had not Gen. Luther P. Bradley
reported, in 1868:
Il believe that all the flocks and
herds in the world could find ample
pasturage on these unoccupied plains
and the mountain slopes beyond"
Soon no range remained unstocked.
Cattlemen and sheepmen warred
against each other, but neither warred
against the overgrazing. which SCI
entists. even then, realized would kill
the soil.
OvergraZing leaves the soil without
adequate cover to tie it down. Even
the Sahara and Cobb Deserts were
once green, say scientists: might even
Evening star., 1936-07-09
DEADLOCK REACHED
OVER DARDANELLES
Turkey Opposes Straits Unit Re-
tanning Present Au-
thority.
BIZ the Associated Press.

BIZ the Associated Press.
MONTREUX, Switzerland, July g
A new deadlock developed today in
the Dardanelles conference over a
British proposal to have the Straits
Control Commission retain its present
authority.
Turkey, which has asked that the
commission be abolished and that she
have the rikht to fortify the straits,
insisted the commission was unneces-
sary and unjustified.
The Turkish delegation said the
commission was offensive to Turkeys
national sovereignty and prestige and
was supported by Soviet Russia and
Rumania.
Japan, no longer a member Of the
League Of Nations, filed reservations
against clause in the proposed con-
vention which would authorize Tur-
key to close the straits unless the
League Council. by two-thirds vote,
decided such an act unjustified.
1t was understood, Turkey also in
tended to ask that commercial air
planes be prohibited from flying over
military zones along the Dardanelles.
Evening star., 1936-07-09

blossom again If the fiocks that pas
ture at oases were checked or removed.
Science holds it is the overgrazing Of
these nomad herds that halt the work
of nature-the march Of grass over the
sand. the march Of trees in the wake
OF grass)
War Speeded Decline.
The World War brought cry for
more wheat. Thousands of acres were
put to the pillow, planted to wheat
acres which the conservationists say
should have been left in pasture.
Better farmers are nowhere to be
found. says the Soil Conservation
Service. for If they did not farm their
lands too wisely, they farmed them
too well, making crops grow where
perhaps nature never intended any
thing but native grasses marching in
thick, green ranks across the plains.
Flowing the land to wheat turned
up the clinging buffalo grass. which
protected the soil. Keeping the land
in wheat instead Of alternating wheat
with other crops. depleted the min
eral wealth Of the soil and made the
wheat less able to stand lack of mois-
ture. With drought came crop fail
ures. and crop failures left the land
barren, ready to blow with the wind.
(Tomorrow, Man Fights Back)
Evening star., 1936-07-09
HIT ON VACATION
Judge Mattingly Relieving Him
in Police Court.

Judge Robert E. Mattingly Of Mu-
nicipal Court today began a 30-day
period on the bench in the D. C. branch
of Police Court, relieving Judge Isaac
r. Hit, who began a 30-day vacation
on his farm in Virginia.
Judge Mattingly. who has been the
substitute judge in Police Court for
several years, has been off the bench
for more than a month, suffering from
a broken foot received when he fell on
the gangplank of Potomac River
steamer while disembarking from an
outing of a veterans organization.
Evening star., 1936-07-09
WYOMING SWEPT
BY FOREST FIRES
1000 Men Battle Three
BIazes in Northeast
Part of State.
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press
NEWCASTLE, Wyo.. July 9.-Two
thousand men battled three disastrous
fires today In "gunpowder dry forests
Of Northeast Wyoming.
Two Of the blaZes were under con-
trol, but the third ragged unchecked
within one-half mile of the mountain
town of Sundance, in the heart of the
Bear Lodge Mountains.
The fire started near the town,
which has a population of 400. and
only a lucky shift in wind kept the
flames from sweeping toward 1t.
The town, however, was threatened
with o serious water shortage. Sup
plying water to more than so neigh
boring ranches and approximately
1000 men fighting the forest fire at
its edge, Sundance found itself today
without sufficient water for domestic
needs.
Ranch Houses Destroyed.
An undetermined number Of ranch
houses in the forest near Sundance
were reported to have been destroyed
and several families in the path Of the
flames were forced to flee.
Val B. McGhee, w. P. A field repre-
sentative in charge of the fire-fighting
crews, said other fires on Plum Greek,
in Weston County. and on Stockade
Greek, near the Custer National Forest,
were under control, but might burn
for weeks.
TOD O of ol,,a n a
timber and grazing land had been
burned
The forests are as dry as gun
powder and fire in them spreads as If
they were soaked in gasoline" Nc
Ghee said. The situation is more
critical than at any time for years."
Grazing Land Needed.
The condition created by the fires,
he said. was extremely serious, be-
cause the grazing land was needed by
live stock suffering from drought on
adjacent plains land"
All three fires were started July l.
The one on Plum Creek started from
lightning, McGhee said, and ran
through the treetops for distance of
10 miles within six hours. The flames
roared through the green trees as
though they were paper
Some of the fire crews were taken
OF the Plum Creek and Stockade
Creek flames today and sent to Sun
dance.
A force of $50 men continued to
battle stubborn four-day blaze in
the Big Horn Mountains. near the
Wyoming Montana boundary. Ap-
proximately 5000 acres of timber and
grass lands have been destroyed by
this fire.
In Montana all the fires apparently
had been stamped out or had been
brought under control.
Evening star., 1936-07-09
South Carolina Strike Settled.

COLUMBIA. S. c.. July 9 P).-
State Labor Commissioner John w.
Mates announced yesterday strike
and lockout" at the Mollohon Mill at
Newberry had been settled "satisfac-
torily to all concerned"
He said an agreement was reached
at q seven-hour conference Of repre-
sentatives of the mill management and
the local union with him and Henry
Baker, jr., conciliator for the United
States Department Of Labor.
Evening star., 1936-07-09

but they promised days respite from
yesterdays high temperatures.
]. B. Hutson, acting A. A. A. ad-
ministrator, estimated 100000 to
100000 persons were directely af-
fected by the drought.
Evening star., 1936-07-09
BY CHARLES NORMAN,

THE dust bowl is a martyr, the
sentiments of its people sacri-
feed temporarily in the in
Il terests of Americas future
well-being.
Having their farms and towns
Jumped together as part of dust
bowl" does not set we'll with the people
of Southeastern Colorado, Northeast
ern New Mexico, Western Kansas,
Western Oklahoma and Northwestern
Texas. That is easy to understand.
Yet science can and does use this
area as a laboratory in which the
causes of duststorms can be ascer-
tanned, and in which remedial and
preventive measures can be perfected.
Its farmers, cooperating with the
Evening star., 1936-07-09

(Tomorrow, Man Fights Back.)
Evening star., 1936-07-09


but they promised days respite from
yesterdays high temperatures.
j. B. Hutson, acting A. A. A. ad-
ministrator, estimated 100000 to
100000 persons were directely af-
fected by the drought.
Damage Estimates Rise.
The havoc already wrought in the
Nations agricultural sections had been
estimated at s3,000,ooO,0OO. But this
was regarded by observers as an
underestimate when c. A. Russell,
secretary of Agriculture for South
Dakota, set crop losses in his State
alone at s140,0o0.O 900. The damage to
wyoming dry land crops was placed
ut $5,000,0OO. No new authoritative
approximations were forthcoming
from other States visited by greater or
lesser devastation.
But reports of ruined pastures, bar
rem fields, insect infeStations and
prospects of half normal harvest or
none at all came from the drought
districts.
Every day from now on, with tenn
peratures of 100, means irreparable
injury for Iowas great corn crop"
said Meteorologist C. D. Reed.
Gov. Elmer Holt declared the pres
ent drought is the worst in Montana's
history" at conference on the crisis
at Havre. The consensus there was
that only long time water conserva-
tion program could save the agricul-
tural eastern part of the State from
financial ruin.
Pasture Lands Hit.
Up in the important dairy State OF
Wisconsin the Department of Markets
measured the waste of pasture land in
. millions.
Tennessee officials pronounced the
situation distressing" They feared
corn production might be halved and
tobacco yield cut one-third.
Worse daily" was the gist of COM
ment by Illinois and Minnesota au-
thoritieS.
York County, S. c., commissioners
said normal crop was impossible
despite any change in weather
B. r. Laskowsi. meteorologist, made
this report at Aberdeen, S. OAK:
THE only harvesting of grains in
the State will be in the extreme
southeastern border counties. Most
OF the potato and truck crops are
beyond recovery. Range and pasture
grasses are burned brown. Stock Is
being moved out as fast as possible
Little or no moisture occurred from
the fourth week in succession"
From Hosmer, 8. OAK, came news
Of "hoppers and beetles chopping off
corn at the ground"
Many farmers cut grain for hay.
Nebraska Asks Aid.
Gov. r. L. Cochran of Nebraska
appealed for Government assistance
in combating the inroads of insects
and drought. Prayers for an end of
the crisis were offered by Catholics
of that State. Agricultural agents
Of five south central counties ex-
pressed fear grasshoppers would strip
fields.
The worst forest fire in five years
ragged in the Big Horn Mountain area
near the Wyoming Montana border
A number of ranch homes were re-
ported razed. Thousands of men were
Evening star., 1936-07-09

Note: This is the third in a series of
floods and what they mean to America.
Evening star., 1936-07-09
Drought

Continued From First Page.)
Evening star., 1936-12-30
BY NINA CARTER TABB.

Il n ISIS BETTINA BEEMONT'S
M debutante party, given by her
wv stepfather and mother, Mr..
4 4 and Mrs. Arthur White, at
the North Wales Club recently, at
tracted a large gathering Of notable
fox hunters, steeplechasers. polo play
ers and other hard-riding people. The
colored facings and collars Of the eve
ming pink coats, representing the dill
ferent hunts from all over the country,
made the ball extremely colorful.
MI. and Mrs. White and Miss Bel
mont received in front of a bank
of flowers made of bouquets that had
been sent to the popular debutante.
A huge horseshoe of white flowers,
holding the center piece in the decora-
tions, was most suitable, as Miss Bel
mont is an expert young horsewoman.
Following the foreign custom, guests
the steps to the receiving line.
Held in the midst Of the hunting
season In the best hunt country Of
America, the party took on the nature
of a hunt ball. The host, twice the
winner of the Maryland Hunt Cup,
country event, wore scarlet coat
with the apple-green facings of the
Middleburg Hunt, the costume in
which Daniel c. Sands, for q years
M. F. H., also appeared. Others wear
ing the colors of the Middleburg Hunt
were William Hulburt, Ridgely White,
Jack Skinner, James B. Skinner, Du-
val Tyler, Frank Littleton, jr., and
Charles E. Perkins, jr. The Polish
Ambassador, George Polocki, wore the
somber uniform of his own hunt in
Poland, which has pack Of French
hounds with cross of English and is
called the Pomordnz Hunt. The Am
bassador and his charming Spanish
wife were the guests of Mrs. John Hay
Whitney. England was represented by
Col. Wyndham Torr of the Garth
Hunt, in full evening pink with cut
facings: France by Frederick H.
Prince, jr., wearing the tawny collar
of the Pau Hunt, Of which he has
been master in his fathers place many
times; Ireland by Harry Worcester
Smith, dean of American fox hunters
and organizer of the Master of Fox
hounds Association in 1907, who wore
the black collar of the Westmeath
Hunt, of which he was master in
1929. His son. Crompton Smith,
wore the color of their home pack,
the Grafton Hunt of Massachusetts,,
winner of the historic American
English foxhound match in the Pied
mont Valley in 1905.
Charles c. v. Cushman of Boston,
now living in Upperville, appeared
in the green color of the Norfolk
Hunt Of Massachusetts,; William Phil
lips, the orange color of the Essex
Evening star., 1936-12-30

and clustered at the nodes. This
Is the ideal time to study trees. You
can get such o splendid idea Of the
bark, it color and form, the twigs
and the way they make up the out
line of the tree you will see next
Spring clothed in garments of green.
The leaves Of the silver maple grow
to be 4 to z inches long. They are
deeply five-cleft and irregularly
toothed; pale green above and silver
lined.
In early March the tree begins to
show its interest in the Spring season.
The greenish-yellow flowers. petal
less and on spurs or in axis Of last
years leaves, are the first to announce
the trees awakening to the world.
The staminate and pistillate flowers
are on different branches of the tree.
The fruit is matured in May and
Evening star., 1936-12-30

ary show here. A study made by the
industry indicated factory employment
could be stabilized and workers wages
increased by advancing the date of
the show.
Completion of the second year of
the stabilization program, a spokes-
man for the association said, indicated
an increase in average annual earnings
Of $469 for workers since 1884.
Evening star., 1936-12-30

ornamental trees and are fine as nurse
trees for the slower-growing, longer
lasting trees.
It must be taken into mind when
planting the silver maple that wind
and ice storms are very hard on them.
For this reason q tree should not be
planted close to 4 dwelling. The
limbs and twigs are very brittle and
snap Oh, crashing to the earth.
Courage is the motto Of silver ma
piles and even after every limb has
been Topped of by some disaster the
trunk send out shoots. OF course,
the beauty and symmetry of the tree
are gone forever. But the silver
maple Is game to the last.
In the Winter look for the buds.
The pointed ones are the developing
leaf buds. They are red and in pairs.
The flower buds are blunt, also red,
Evening star., 1936-12-30
ny LILLIAN cox ATHEY.
ME naples have many friends
and ardent admirers. Perhaps
the sugar ynan1e il better


\ known for its delectable sugar,
but the whole family is colorful
group and in the Autumn their colors
are so beautiful and brilliant you each
year renew your allegiance to the
naples.
This one has been named for the
silver lining of the leaves. 1t is
known as the lazy mans tree, for it
can take care Of itself, transplants
well, grows fast and adapts itself to
climate and soil without a murmur.
1t is a large tree, 80 to 120 feet
high, with q wide-spreading top and
a sturdy trunk that in youth divides
into long limbs which end in slender.
dropping twigs. The bark Is q pretty
reddish-brown, furrowed and rather
scaly on the surface.
The wood is q pale brown, close
Evening star., 1936-12-30
Natures Children
SILVER MAPLE (Acer saccharinum) {.

grained, brittle and hard. but easy
to work. It decays easily when ex-
posed to the weather or where 1t comes
in contact with the soil. To some
Evening star., 1936-12-30
AUTO SHOW DATES SET
New York to Exhibit New Models
Last Of October.

NEW YORK, December 80 (F.-
The National Automobile Show will
open here October q and continue
through November 3. two weeks earlier
than the 1886 show, the Automobile
Manufacturers Association announced
yesterday.
Until a year ago, it was customary
to initiate new models at the Janu-
Evening star., 1936-12-30
In the Hunt Country
Activities Among the Horse Lovers of
Virginia and Maryland.

Hunt Of New Jersey: Robert Young,
the black collar and yellow facings OF
J. Watson Webb's Shelburne Fox
Hounds; William G. Langley, the rob-
bins egg blue Of the Meadowbrook
Hunt; Stacy Lloyd. the Blue Ridge
Hunt colors; Amory s. Carhart, mas.
ter of the Warrenton Hunt, white
collar. Alex Hagner, william Emory.
Baldwin Spilman, Dicky Wallach,
Harry Poole, William Doeller and sew
eral others also wore Warrenton Hunt
colors. Archibald c. Randolph, master
of Piedmont Fox Hounds, wore the old
gold facings of his hunt. Others rep
resenting the Piedmont Hunt were
Archie Cary Randolph, jr.; Dulany
Randolph, Taylor Hardin, Harry
Frost. Turner Wiltshire and Paul
Llewellyn. Tommy Letter Of WASH
ington, representing the Aiken Hunt,
wore a pale yellow collar; Sterling
Larrabee, master of the Old Dominion
Hunt, red collar and facings; "Pete"
RumSey, son Of the late Mr.. and Mrs.
Charles G. Rumsey, whose grand
father, E. H. Hartman, brought the
Orange County Hunt to Virginia from
New York, wore the collar and color
of that hunt, white corded silk collar
and reverses. Henry Skinker of The
Plains, son of the late william Skim
ker, at one time master Of the Orange
County Hunt, wore this hunts color,
as did Hubert Phipps.
Povroprl Rolv,,ont fc fofI,>~
was a fine horseman, having won the
Maryland Hunt Cup three times dur
ing his racing career. He was dis
qualified once after coming in first,
for cutting flag, which he could not
see because of pouring rain. Raymond
Belmont was one of the hest polo
players in America and many times
acting master of Orange County
Hounds. Miss Belmont's grandfather,
August Belmont, 3D., was one of the
founders Of the Jockey Club, while
her great grandfather, the first Aug
ust Belmont, founded the American
Jockey Club.
HUNTING LOG,
TOMORROW'S MEETS.
Virginia.
Middleburg Hunt, Miss Charlotte II.
holland, Daniel c. Sands, joint mas
ters, Mount Zion Church, 10 am:
Orange County Hunt, Fletcher Har-
per, NJ F. H., Munfords Lane, II am.
Maryland.
Elkridge- Hartford Hunt, H. S. La
dew, M. F. H., Churchville, II am:
Howard County Hunt, Augustus Riggs,
Philip Bowen, joint masters, High
site, 10 am.
Evening star., 1936-12-30

extent 1t Is used for furniture and
flooring and more for fuel.
Silver naples prefer rich, moist
soil that can be found from New
foundland to Dakota: south to Florida
and Oklahoma. They make excellent
Evening star., 1936-12-30

at this time you can see the "twins"
take of on their own beautiful wings.
(Copyright. 1867
Evening star., 1936-12-30
HUNTING LOG,
TOMORROW'S MEETS.

The government Of China is pur-
chasing surplus rice and wheat for
storage.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1936-02-28
Leopold Mum
I. In Loeb Quiz

Joliet, Ill.-Nathan Leopold re-
fused to testify before a grand Jury
probing the prison razor murder of
Richard Loeb, his partner in the
thrill staying of Bobby Franks.
I've got nothing to say"
That's all the county investiga-
tors could get out of Leopold.
Three other convicts, who were
taken with him to the hearing
from Statewide Prison where Loeb
was killed by Convict James Day,
echoed his words.
Angered by the defiance of the
quartet, the grand jury decided to
continue their investigation with
in the walls of the prison where a
lehman board appointed by Gov
ernor Horner has opened a general
inquiry into Illinois penal institu-
tions as a direct result of the Loeb
Staying.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1936-02-28
Guard Ewes Against
Landing Paralysis

Landing paralysis, the cause of
which is not definitely known, is a
disease common to farm flocks but
seldom found on the open range.
1t strikes ewes in an advanced
stage of pregnancy, and lack of ex-
ercise appears to be one of the con-
tributing factors, said DR.. c. D.
Grinnells, veterinarian with the N.
c. Agricultural Experiment Sta
ton.
Storms and heavy snowfalls seem
to increase the incidence of the dis
ease, he said. Some research work
ers are of the opinion that under
feeding and unbalanced feeding al
so are causes of the disease.
The symptoms are dizziness,
walking in circles, or standing
with the head pressed against some
object. The head may be drawn
to the side, or the animal may
be lying down with the head turn
ed aside. An increased dhirst,
loss of appetite, blindness, paralysis,
and convulsions are commonly not
ed.
Many sheep breeders, as we'll as
veterinarians, feel hat an ample
allowance of a balanced ration,
forced exercise if necessary, and
sufficient calcium preferably
supplied by a good legume hay) are
important bone meal is also recon-
mended.
Veterinarians report that bene-
fetal results have bs.1 obtain
ed from intrayenous injections Of
calcium gluconate.
One way of forcing ''seep to ex-
ercisc i; to spre.1 hs~ I'VE. a field
ST Ill bunch:s 50 the animals
w.. lave to W Tx from are tc an
oti er TO eat it.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1936-02-28
jackson
Birth Record
But Not Those Of
odd Hickory

York, S. CA research worker,
thumbing through old records at
the courthouse called out excited
ly he had found evidence to settle
the question of Andrew Jackson's
birthplace, over which North
Carolina and South Carolina have
waged so long a controversy.
Fellow workers on a PWA pro-
ject gathered about a faded birth
certificate saying Andrew Jackson
was born in Bethel township, York
county, S. c., thus apparently re-
futing North Carolina's long-stand-
ing claim that he was born acros.
the line.
But soon the research workers:
joy subsidized. In blurred ink, the
word NEGRO was deciphered on the
document.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1936-02-28
Debt Adjustment
Activities

The depression was only one of
a whole series of misfortunes that
buried a well-to-do farmer of Owen
county, Kentucky under a crush
ing debt load, from which he was
helped to free himself by the Farm
Debt Adjustmane unit of the Re-
settlement Administration.
This farmer owed $21,700, ac-
cording to a report in the files of
W. Kerr Scott, regional chief of
FDA, Raleigh. Of this amount,
only $500 represented the farm
er's own direct debts.
The balance was for debts piled
on his shoulders through %unfortu-
nate Endorsements, a bank failure,
the deaths of two sons and a broth
er and the bankruptcy of another
!brother-all occurring within a
space of nine months.
The burdened citizen applied to
the FDA committee in his county
for help, the report stated. At
that time he owned $50 acres of
land. The committee advised the
sale of 800 acres to pay off a
$1,000 mortgage. This was done.
Unsecured debts totaling $4,000
remained and he was advised to ap-
ply for a bank loan on the remain
ing $50 acres. He obtained a
commitment for $4,000 on this ac-
reage, $500 of which was to buy
grass seed, repair buildings, ETC.,
leaving $4,000 with which to pay
the unsecured claims totaling s14,-
700. After extensive negotiations
by the FDA committee, the credi-
tors agreed to accept so cents on
the dollar for their claims, which
left the farmer with enough land,
livestock and implements to carry
on.
IF anyone could have seen this
mans co~unternance when he came
into the committee room and when
he left," reported David S. Martin.
district FDA supervisor, 'he would
have thought, as l did, that this one
case justified the whole FDA pro-
gram"