The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1936-11-23


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Hawaii over It's continued inde-
pendence.
Franklin Pierce, inausurated
President In 1858, had O profound
influence on the destinies Of South
American republics because OF the
special attention given by his Sec
rotary Of state, william L. Marcy,
TO the principle Of free navigation
OF rivers.
Pierce sent to the senate trea-
ties with the Argentine Confed.
Grafton and Paraguay which
established the free navigation OF
the Parana and Uruguay rivers,
ratification Of which Is still recog-
nised o. an outstanding event In
the worlds diplomatic history,
Negotiations with Brazil regarding
the Amazon were not successful
immediately, but In 1857 Brazil on
It's own initiative decreed that the
Amazon and It's tributaries were
open TO the vessels Of oil nations
Arthur's Regime Outstanding
Inter American relations re.
ceived extraordinary attention
during the Presidency Of Chester
Arthur, who entered the White
House after the assassination OF
President James Garfield In 1882.
During Arthur's term Secretary OF
State James q. Blaine worked out
comprehensive plans for peace
and fraternity on the American
continent.
These. plans were not accorded
full application until the admin
istration OF Benjamin Harrison,
when the first Of the modern Sc
ries Of Pan American conference
convened at Washington In 1859,
with Secretary Blaine presiding.
The bipartisan logic Of recip-
rocai commercial relations with
Latin America Is suggested In the
fact that the reciprocity policy
now given effect by the Roose-
velt-Hull administration was pre-
coded by reciprocity program
undertaken by President William
Mckinley early In this century.
In his message 10 Congress on
Dec. 3, 1900, having particularly
IN mind Latin America, President
Mckinley said:
'"t'he policy OF reciprocity 80
inanifeBtly rests upon the princi-
pies OF international equity, and
has been 30 repeatedly approved
by the people OF the United States
that there ought TO be no hcsita-
ton In either branch OF Congress
In giving TO II full effect"
Progress Since 1900
Latin American policies OF more
recent Presidents have had the
following aspects:
Theodore Roosevelt changed the
map OF the continent by rushing
10 completion the Panama Canal,
but lost international favor by
over.emphaSis on the policing"
function Of the United States In
the Caribbean.
william Howard Taft sponsored
o policy OF inter.American rela.
ton which soon ran against the
tions based on financial coopera-
slogan dollar diplomacy" and
failed.
Woodrow Wilson envisaged the
American republics ~ O region In
o world political system based on
tho League OF Nations, and the
Senate wrecked his program by
refusing 10 raitfy the Versailles
Treaty.
Warren @. Harding and Calvin
Coolidge, through Secretary OF
State Charles Evans Hughes,
sought 10 establish inter-Ameri-
can peace and general relations
on juridicial rather than political
bases, and progress was made In
the codification OF international
law and resort TO arbitration.
President Coolidge obtained gpos
cial credit for tho resumption OF
more cordial relations with Mex.
leo after O decade OF dissatiSfac-
ton across the border, and by
Conference at Havana In 1920.
Herbert Hoover Initiated his
attendance at the Pan American
foreign policy before Inauguration
by O good will" cruise 10 South
America. Later he Withdrew Mr..
rines from Haiti and started their
withdrawal from Nicaragua. Full
development Of his intended policy
was halted by the world depression.