davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1936-08-13

lectual talent in each particular
department. No newspaper can
meet its competitive situation, at
tain and retain the economic in
dependence necessary to the Sc
curity of its employees and its
service to the community, unless
it's editor has as much freedom
in selecting his editorial and re-
portorial team with an eye to
pleasing it's customers, as was pos
sessed in their respective fields
by John McGraw, Knute Rockne
or GatttC CaSSazza. If to pep up
a paper on some weak point, an
editor can't sign up a Joe Will
liams, a Helen Worden or Rollin
Kirby, regardless Of their politics
or their affiliations, when in his
judgment their type of service is
necessary. that editor is ham
strung and the paper is on its
WaY out.
The Washington times., 1936-08-13

The newspaper business is COM
petitive. When all competitors
have to pay the same rate in labor
costs, then whether that rate is
high or low provided it is within
the range of earning capacity is
Of relatively less concern to an
individual employer than when
pressure is brought on him alone.
1t is for this reason that trade
union contracts are of necessity
negotiated by publishers associa-
tionS acting collectively. The pres
ent effort of the Guild to enforce
orthodox trade union contracts
upon individual newspapers COM
pletely ignores the competitive
and economic realities which
every publisher must face.
Departments Differ
Second: The mechanical de-
partmentS, being on a quantita-
tive basis, vary in employment
costs instantly, automatically and
directly with the size of the
newspaper as determined, from
day to day, by its varying busi-
ness volume. No editorial de-
partment is so geared. An edito-
The Washington times., 1936-08-13
Formula May vary

1t is along this line hat minority
pressure groups have proceeded in
Italy, Russia and Germany with a
resultant destruction of free and
independent journalism. In each
of these countries the entire ma.
tional press is committed to the
support of a single political faith
and, in each, the first requirement
for holding newspaper job is
adherence to that faith. The Guild
formula today is the Farmer Labor
party. Tomorrow it may be Com
muniSm, FaSciSm, Republican,
Democratic-or any other political
dogma that appeals to its leader.
ship. This paper can have nothing
whatever to do with such an in
telle2tua reginentation in the
newspaper profession.
Returning to the Guild policy
borrowed from the mechanical
unions, that selections for employ.
ment in editorial departments
can be restricted to any list of
membership chosen by the Guild,
or that minimum pay in these de.
partments can be regulated in de.
tail by some rule of uniformity
based on time or quantity (rather
than quality) of work produced.
Every newspaper man knows that,
in editorial work, any such pro-
posal is absurd and wholly i'm
practical.
An editorial staff, to produce
a newspaper of balanced excellence
in all departments, must be a bal
anced team of diverse, peculiar,
and preferably outstanding, intel.
The Washington times., 1936-08-13

onStrably on a more expensive and
liberal basis than obtain on COM
peting evening newspapers. This
fact, though known to the nego-
tiating committees, has obviously
not been made clear to all mem
bers of the staff.
Exceeded Limits
In short, in approaching the
World Telegram with the idea that
the editorial margin of expense
can be forced up by further gen.
eral concessions applying to all in
dividuals on it's staff, the Guild
negotiators have given no recogni-
tion to one important fact. This
is the fact that, as an emergency
measure during the depression,
despite the sharp decline in re-
ceiptS suffered by all newspapers,
the WorldTelegram exceeded all
the limits of sound economics to
make a possible investment in good
will, but primarily to maintain
and spread employment during a
tragic period. AS the demands of
the emergency lessen, instead of
further increasing the percentage
of receipts devoted to editorial ex-
pense, the figure must be restored
to normal.
To recapitulate: The World-Tele-
gram preSumeS to no opinion re-
garding the Guilds plans or poll
cies, but. for reasons stated, the
paper can sign no contract with
the Guild which involves any OF
the following principles:
(a) Confinement of selection of
editorial and repertorial staff TO
any closed Guild list.
(b) RECOMMENDATION or even sug,
gestion by the Guild to its mem
bers of any political or other
dogma.
(c) Regulation by Guild rules
of rates of compensation on any
rigid quantitative or time basis 10
be applied generally in the edl-
torial department.
Cd Insistence on any policy
calculated arbitrarily to raise the
World-Telegram margin of edl-
torial expense above that of its
principal competitors - even
though motives of self interest
will prompt us to seek the ad.
vantage of the highest standard
of salaries as rapidly as business
conditions permit.
Dispute W-AdUiSed
While we are anxious to avoid
anything suggestive Of an arol,
trary attitude, it is a fact that
all of the above points have
been gone into at length and
on several occasions with the
Guild committee, in consequence
of which we can see neither wis
dom nor justification for continu'
ing argument so long as the
Guilds program and objectives
remain as announced. Such con-
troversy seems particularly i'll
advised in the World-Telegram
and in Scripps-Howard where, in
| the last named organization,
The Washington times., 1936-08-13
Voted Closed Shop

BY a recorded vote of 83 to 5,
taken at it's 1885 convention, the
Guild stands finally committed to
a policy borrowed from the me.
chanical trades, the effect of which
is that nobody who is not COM
mitted by membership to the poll
cieS of the Guild can be employed
in editorial production.
The Guild Reporter of June Is,
1896, records further resolutions
condemning the two existing po-
litical parties, recommending ''in.
dependent political action on the
The Washington times., 1936-08-13
To the Editorial Staff:

To the Editorial Staff:
The World Telegram desires to
make it's position clear in respect
to recent developments and poll.
cieS Of the American Newspaper
Guild. Hitherto the management
has, unwisely perhaps, permitted
to go unchallenged incorrect state
ments of fact or opinion, and
inaccuracies or half-truths of the
papers position and as to what
has taken place in discussions
between management and Guild
negotiators. We learn that many
members of the staff have had no
clear understanding of the atti.
tude of the management or the
reasons justifying this attitude.
1t is to dispel any such miSun-
derstanding that this statement is
made.
For about half century this
organization has fought for the
right Of labor to organize, choose
its own representatives, and bar.
gain collectively. Ever since the
organization of mechanical de.
partment unions, we have en-
courageo, recognized and dealt
With them. When the Guild move
mcnt first attracted attention, we
hailed it both tecause we believed
it was consistent with our prin.
cipleS and because we thought
that collective bargaining on
national scale would improve eGi-
torial working conditions and at
tract and keep better men in the
profession. Our position on oil
these matters remains the same.
But the Guild has injected new
issues
The Washington times., 1936-08-13
WORLD TELEGRAM EXPLAINS
REASONS FOR STAND

York WordTelegam of tDhich Roy W. Hot01rd
editor has announced that cannot further discuss
contract 1Dith OF the Newspaper Guild
In 1OeH ren statement the Telegram declares that
after period OF bargaining found impossible to reconcile
the principles OF that Dith those OF the Guild
This statement is in accordance tUh the attitude that the
papers maintained connection tOh the Guild
The World-Teleoram statement tolloUS:
The Washington times., 1936-08-13

Hpart Of labor" and Cooperation
(by Guilds and officers) with local
and Statewide farmer-labo-' parties
and with other labor groups for
the purpose of providing independ
ent political action of labor"
The effect of these actions, taken
together, is that nobody can write
for a newspaper who is not Of the
Guild, and nobody can be loyal
to the Guild who is not committed
against both of the political parties
of which 90 per cent Of our popula.
ton are members, and in favor Of
a movement which many farmers
and workers regard as impossible
and abortiVe.
The Washington times., 1936-08-13
\ y NEWSPAPER REFUSES TO SIGN CONTRACT WITH GULL

more than so per cent OF tho
business is owned by men and
women who have come up
through the ranks or are in that
path-all of whom, have been
financed in the acquisition OF
their holdings by the concern ib-
self. 1t seems out Of place in
a concern which for more than
a half century has without pre-
tense of paternalism, created and
promoted it's executives from
within it's own ranks, and has
filled its most remunerative and
most important executive posi-
tions from the same source.
The Washington times., 1936-08-13
Guild Policy FLdyed

We would prefer to see the Guild
negotiating on an lnduStry-wide
basis on these matters as the me-
chanical unions do. We believe for
the competitive reasons already
stated that this is the only way
it ever stood to make substantial
and lasting advances. But we sub
nit for the diSpaSSionate conSid-
Grafton of all thoughtful members
of the World Telegram staff that
the Guild policies discussed in this
statement have made industry-wide
negotiation impoSSible-even more,
that they have made any contract
impossible with any newspaper
that insists in intellectual freedom
for newspaper men and women,
and an independent press.
One more point: Any bright
young man by serving his appren-
| ticeShip can, with brains and some
manual skill, become a competent
printer, preSSman or stereotype.
Not every bright young man with
brains can become a good reporter.
No union card will compensate for
an absence of that particular
mental makeup which qualities
the real neWSpaperman. No union
card will compensate for the abb
sence of a nose for news. Ambition
can not be hobbled in the interest
of mediocrity to the advantage OF
either the newspaper or the news
The Washington times., 1936-08-13

by the economic and competitive
conditions. OF the gross receipts
of any newspaper there is a
maximum percentage that can be
spent in the editorial depart
ment. This maximum is usually
being expended. 1t generally can
be curtailed, to a considerable
degree, without any effort notice
able to the reading public.
II the salaries of individuals
are raised disproportionately with
the increase in receipts. or if the
minimums for whole classes of
workers are increased without
regard for the value of the indi-
viduals production, the inevita-
BILE result must be fewer individ-
ualS.
The ld-Telegram faces a
situation where exactly this result
must ensue for exactly the rea.
sons just stated. On various con-
siderations, during the depression,
we maintained a much larger staff
and a much more favorable Sched-
ule of compensation and of privi-
leges than our income, our com.
petitive situation, or the wel-rec.
ognized margin Of permissible edi.
torial expense warranted.
When our income dived during
the depression, instead of thin.
ming editorial employment, we
made additions. Although there
has been no sufficient recovery of
income to justify it, we have in,
creased the editorial payroll con.
siderably more than 100000 per
year above the precut peak. There
are today AZ more people on the
editorial staff than there were
prior to the first salary cut. OF
this number. only IA were neceS
sary to meet the requirements Of
the national recovery act, which
have been preserved in the World
Telegram.
Most Cuts Restored
OF the 10 per cent salary cuts
put into effect. the first affected
only those employees receiving $40
per week and over. The second
affecting the entire payroll, has
been completely restored. Today
rs per cent of the entire editorial
staff are receiving their peak
World Telegram salaries or better
An additional per cent of the
entire staff have had increases but
are not yet back to their peak
Less than 10 per cent of the en-
tire staff are receiving 10 per cent
less than their peak salaries Of
the boom dayS-a figure which
will, we believe, compare advanta
geously with general payroll stand
ards today.
From the standpoint Of mini
mum wages, the five-day, 40-houl
week, vacations, sick leaves anC
dismissal notices, etc. Call condi
tions outside the realm of regular
mechanical union "demandSD
working conditions on the World
Telegram editorial department
are, taken in their entirety, dem
The Washington times., 1936-08-13
Can't Sign Contract

For the reasons we have out
lined, the orld-Telegram can
not further discuss or sign any
contract with any unit Of the
American Newspaper Guild as the
organization is now committed.
involving any of the policies here
discussed. However, we do not
intend to take any backward step
in the matter of collective bar
gaining. We will continue. as the
needs of the situation dictate, to
negotiate with our own employees
through representatives of their
own choosing to work out further
improvements in salaries, hours
and working conditions. We be-
lieve our interests are mutual, and
that the fullest measure Of sue"
cess for one is not possible without
the fullest cooperation of the
other. From the management, We
pledge continuance of that coop
Grafton,
Evening star., 1936-09-25

the viewpoint proclaimed In the KEEL
logg and the Argentine anti-war
pacts-that warfare u . crime and
governments that perpetrate It.,
whether declared or not, are guilty
Of law breaking. which is felony! There
Is no relationship between the Amer
ican law and policy of neutrality and
the Leagues sanctions. either In law
or theory. The League sanction Is
only q Recommendation, rs yet in
effectively carried out-there are no
persons directly under League turis-
diction. But the American neutrality
acts code OF restrictions and duties Is
imposed and enforced by American
Federal authorities and courts upon
citizens directly"
"And as for the new pam American
ism?" he. was asked.
Stage Set for Change.
ut Is not for US. perhaps, to MAKE
the world over" replied Senator
Thomas. But the stage Is set for q
mighty change In outlook and for q
new attitude, especially among the
self governing and democratic Ameri-
can peoples, which will result In q
new and enlarged relationship. Such is
the new pan-Americanism. 1t Is COM
ing about by the most peaceful. natu-
raj of processes-by the enactment Of
the highest authority of the British
commonwealth of nations and the Con-
gress of the United States. I count as
the outstanding gain Of the past 80
years the statute Of Westminster.
adopted in 1881. The modern, demo.
cratic British commonwealth Of ma
tions came into existence as q result
OF the shock and sacrifices Of the
World War; for that war and Its peace
brought to an end the legal structure
of the old British Empire and its King
Emperor. BY that statute England
spoke to Canada. thus: That which
your Parliament decides shall be un-
questioned henceforward by u.s." Sec
ondly, our Congress spoke: when
any American republic finds itself at
war with q non American state, our
neutrality act and its prohibitions
shall not apply to the former" This
provision is in reality not merely an
echo of the Monroe Doctrine, but
Evening star., 1936-09-25

citisenship, but We soon shall recog-
nixe citizenship In the American
Hemisphere.
"The modern theories Of self-con-
troll and self-restraint on the part OF
nations-still by no means universally
accepted-are not much older, as an
expression Of law and right, than half
Of the past 80 years. Throughout his
tory the titles of kings and emperors
reflected an unquestioned authority
wherever they were thundered; but
th.re was no unity, save In medieval
idea. Yet today, when tie concept OF
international unity Is heard chiehy IN
prayer to q universal or eternal God.
and all states stand apart but in legal
theory equal to all others, we have
more actual unity than the world has
ever known before. It Is the irony Of
history that, when the fact Of uni
versal authority was asserted, the
world had, no united will; and that
now, when the fact Is denied, SOW
ereign states show restraint and give
at times assent to . united, collective
purpose. In this we may have the
key to . better future.
Neutrality Law New Idea.
"Our neutrality law Is . new political
idea, responsive to an altered set Of
physical and military facts. The old
formula becomes untenable. At pres
ent it is q domestic enactment, not
treaty law. It may become good in
ternational law, however. as q result
of the coming Buenos Aires confer
ence. At the initiative Of Congress and
Of the Munitions Committee, the law
passed by the Seventy fourth Con-
gress last session sets certain prohi-
bitions and duties governing the ac-
tions of American citizens in the event
Of war. between foreign states, while
our Government remains at peace
The important point of difference BE-
tween 1t and the sanctions theory OF
the League of Nations at Geneva Il
that in spirit and word it reafhrm,
one Of, the old fundamentals of the
doctrine Of neutrality asserted by the
administration Of George washington
and accepted by the world as gooc
international law-that all belligerent.
shall be treated with impartiality anc
that the provisions of the law apply
automatically upon the proclamation
of . state Of neutrality-apply to in.
dividual citizens in their commercial
and personal behavior and without
prolonged debate as to which Of two
or more foreign belligerents Is 'thl
aggressor.' This in consistent with
Evening star., 1936-09-25

Americas response to the spirit Of
similar acts Of certain Latin American
states towards the United States dur
ing the World War.
Canada may now take her seat IN
the Pan-American Union, for under
the statute Of Westminster she may
assume all the privileges and duties
Of an American republic. At the coun-
Gil table Of the union In Washington
there has always been . vacant chair
"a thoughtful reservation made for
Canada. The stage Is properly set to-
day in law and attitude for that seat
to be taken. All far-sighted Americans
pray for its fulfillment. It should hap
pen before President Roosevelt's pro-
posed meeting OF all the Americas at
Buenos Aires"
Evening star., 1936-09-25
Stolen Birds Fly Home.

The danger of stealing homing pig
cons has been brought home to three
youths tried at 0othenburg for the
theft of birds from . varberg pigeon
cote last June. One Of the stolen birds
returned to the owners loft with an
other pigeon fancier's mark on its leg
Inquiries were made, and the second
fancier was able to indicate from
whom he had bought the bird. This
led to the arrest of the youths who
confessed to the theft Of half . dozen
birds from the Varberg mans loft.
Evening star., 1936-09-25
BY BRENT DOW ALLINSON.

BY BRENT DOW ALLlNSON.
New portents of peace and prosperity
for the world are contained in the
coming economic and political CO.
alescence of the American nations at
the Inter American Peace Conference
at Buenos Aires, Senator Elbert D..
Thomas of Utah believes.
At the same time the noted interna-
tional jurist and legislator urged con-
sideration of Canada as q self-govern-
ing American republic in everything
but, name, which ought to be invited
to I'LL the vacant chair long reserved
for it in the Pan-American Union
here.
Life" he said, "is always a process
Of change, and history merely an ex-
PLANTATION of that change, and the role
Of true statesmen is to recognize eco
nomic and political necessity before
It is too late, and to extend law to
places where there has not been law
before.
No Central Authority.
AT no time have we had law
that spoke for the entire world. To-
day. politically speaking, there is no
central authority. We speak Of q
World Court; but even if its jurisdic-
ton were worldwide, its judgment
against a state could be enforced only
when that state accepted it. There
is a society of nations extensive in
scope; but that society is conceived
Of as existing not for itself. but fol
the benefit of its individual members
which are states, not individual citi.
sens., We do not yet recognize worlc
Evening star., 1936-09-25
PEACE CONGRESS
HAILED BY THOMAS
Utah Senator Sees Portent
of Prosperity in Talk
at Buenos Aires.

(This Is the sixteenth article OF a
series on the netD Pdn-Arleric1ntSm
and the forthcoming Peace Con-
Nress at Buenos Aires.)
Evening star., 1936-09-25

"A limited quantity of
these handsome robes ..
so shop early! All-wool
flannel tailored in the
popular convertible Co.'S
sack style with smart
pocket insignia and fringed
belt. Blue or maroon.
Small, medium and large
sizes.
KAnn's-Street Floor.
Evening star., 1936-09-25

-Stetson opens the new season
with four Of the smartest hats
they have ever turned out! They
are the Rawlings" Whitney"
"Sky Top" and the "Gault." Smart
Fall colors.
Stetson "Play Boy" IS
Evening star., 1936-09-25

This smart Fall hat has the
wider brim and lower crown which
is gaining the favor of discrimin-
ating men. Note its clever lines
and silk binding. In rich new
colorS.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1936-09-10

by more than 10000 persons a.
he drove through Knoxville, hear
of the Tennessee Valley Author
ity power spikerweb, and turned
eastward for an automobile ton,
through the Great Smoky Noun
tains National park.
Crowds of more than 10000
lining gaily decorated streets
shouted enthusiastic greeting tt
Mr.. Roosevelt as he was driver
through Knoxville after leaving
the presidential special there in
the morning.
The president made no response
other than to wave his grey hat
and smile at the crowds.
Today he is to deliver a major
address at the Green Pastures
rally, which more than $4,000
Democrats from seven southern
states are expected to attend.
White House attaches said the ad-
dress will not be of political char
acter, but many observers felt
the president would touch upon
some campaign issues.
With major political leaders of
the south in his party, Mr.. Roose-
welt entered the Great Smokes at
Gatlinburg, and began the grad
ual ascent into the park in a gen.
tie rain.
The rain continued during most
of the climb up to mile-high New
found Gap but cleared away
while the president and his party
paused for a picnic lunch atop
Clingman's Dome, 6,642 foot
peak, highest in the Great Smok-
les.
Guides accompanying the party
said the president obtained a
natural color" view of the pic.
turesque park since rain falls
among the higher peaks almost
daily. He was able to make out
the 6,593-foot show-peak, Mt. LIE.
conte, and the sharply-outlinec
chimney tops.
Some of the green peaks partly
were obscured by clouds as the
presidential party passed through
the mountains.
Emerging from the park, Mr..
Roosevelt paused at Cherokee
where chiefs and medicine men
of the Cherokee nation were as
in full tribal regalia to
make him a chief. Indians had
been gathering from the coves of
North Carolina for "a hours for
the ceremony.
To the throb of primitive TOM
toms, President Roosevelt was in
stalled as "Chief White Eagle"
Mr.. Roosevelt remained here
overnight to put finishing touches
on his speech before driving to
Charlotte today. His schedule calls
for him to be back in Washing
ton Friday to address the world
power conference. He will remain
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1936-09-10
ROOSEVELT PRAISES
GREAT SMOKY PARK

Continued from page one)
served the president and members
of the party in front of Lake Lure
Inn.
En- route to Charlotte, the presi-
dent will pause and go half
block off his direct route at Gas
tonia to allow pictures to be taken
at the Orthopedic hospital there.
Charlotte today had completed
elaborate plans for the Green Pas
lures rally. A crowd of $4,000
people was expected to hear his
address there at 5 o'clock.
Just outside of Charlotte he will
be met by an official escort and
will proceed to the Southern rail-
way station, where his special
train awaits to take him back to
Washington. He will probably
board his train for a short rest
before making his address at the
new Municipal Stadium.