davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1936-07-05
W WEAPONS :
of PEACE ?
by F. BRITTEN AUSTIN

never be attained by universally of en-
lightened reason, but will ultimately be SINH
larly imposed by some group or nation pos
sessing such overwhelming superiority of
armament as H. G. Wells postulates to his
World State technicians in THE Shape of
Things to Come"
That is surmise for the future. What is
demonstrably certain is that in the past as
war required more and more specialist equip
ment - and correspondingly became less fa-
Cile and more expensive to the individual and
the community -s so war has become less and
less the universal occupation. Perhaps the
greatest stride toward peace was, paradox
cally, the detested invention of gunpowder.
1t was gunpowder which ended the inter-
necine anarchy of the Middle Ages. Only the
king could afford to possess train of artillery.
The castles of the mobiles ceased to be i'm
pregnable. The hand-gun of the plebeian foot
soldier became startlingly fatal to the aristo-
cratic brigand in plate-armor. The privileged
classes lost their pleasant immunity from seri-
Gus damage to themselves.
The erstwhile serf and peasant became the
kills dI llllcI yIHdI Vi dIQucUuSlcI - dIiu Illc
mobiles took off their warlike panoply and went
to flatter Henry VIII at Hampton Court and
Louis XIV at Versailles. A new era opened. in
which war was waged only between kings
and dynasties.
1t was bad enough - but it was character
lied by unprecedentedly long intervals of
peace. That was not due to any improvement
in human nature The financial factor was
coming into play. The new warfare, with ar
Evening star., 1936-07-05

Let us think. In the good old days, before
the arms industry was invented, all po-
tential soldier had to do was to take down the
family axe, bow and spear from the hut-wall,
and go forth to battle. Qn the earliest times,
all he had to do was to pick up chunk of
rock.) The axe, spear and bow were the nor
NAL implements of his daily life in world
full of wild beasts War was cheap and easy.
1t was accordingly almost continuous, settle
ment against settlement, tribe against tribe -
with real profits in the shape of loot and
slaves. Africa, up to generation ago. is an
example.
With every improvement in weapons
bronze, iron and steel, the introduction of
body y-armor and the invention of powerful
war-machines such as the catapult and bal
lista - the communities acquiring these i'm
provements, more and more requiring trained
specialists to use them, irresistibly extended
their conquests over the less-efficently armed
savages around them until they became ma
tions, empires.
Each such extension lessened the area where
savage warfare was perpetual, made any sort
of war less frequent. The great empires of
antiquity - Babylon, Egypt. the Roman EN-
pire, comprising all Western Europe and
stretching from Morocco to the Euphrates -
for centuries enjoyed almost complete peace
within their boundaries. Thanks to the su-
periority of armament possessed by the state,
it could with equal ease crush any insurrec-
ton at home or repel barbarian invasion from
without.
1t may indeed happen that world peace will
Evening star., 1936-07-05
The world is
feverishIy rearming,
and peace crusaders
shudder.

-1HE whole world is feverishly rearming
on gigantic scale, as never before in
peacetime. The English-speaking peo-
Piles, at least. contemplate the spectacle
with shuddering dismay. The American and
British publics are virtually unanimous in a
profound horror of war; 1t seems to them -
they have been told it over and over again
by the peace crusaders - that these prepara-
tions must and do bring the catastrophe
nearer. 1t has indeed become a pacifist
axiom that ornaments create war.
Personally, believing as do that war is ar
insane anChronism in our present interde-
pendent civilization, think it monstrous
idiocy that mankind should still waste so
large proportion of its resources on prepar-
ing to destroy what it has so painfully
achieved.
/ think that humanitys most urgent affair
is to free itself forever from the atavistic curse
of war. think also that the only sure prophy-
Tactic against war is greater and greater
prevalence of cool logical reason, of starkly
realistic thinking. Glib catchwords merely OBJ
scure thought. And it appears to me that
pacifism, not less than militarism, has its
all too common catchwords.
Is the popular belief that armaments create
war indeed we'll founded? Is it even true that
modern ornaments make war more inhumane
and deadly? To most people, the answers to
those two questions will seem self-evident.
And yet -! Socrates, who largely taught our
western world how to think, long ago demon
strated to his disciples the value of examining
an apparent paradox
l am no champion of the arms industry.
The potentates thereof seem to me, as they
do to most of us, immorally wealthy men
battening on the primitive, blind instincts of
their fellows. But everything that exists, even
the wilfully noxious surely fulfills purpose,
transcending its conscious purpose, in the
complex symphony of life. The perversion of
science to more and more potent instruments
of destruction is doubtless consciously mott
waited merely by the desire for bigger profits.
But quite unconsciously - as unconsciously
as the profit-seeking builders of automobiles
and radios have transformed society in the
past generation - the hateful merchants of
death" may in fact be subserving greater
purpose hidden in the brooding profundities
of the ZeitgeiSt. | should like to submit,
boldly, that from the beginning of history
progress in ornaments has not only made
warsprogressively less frequent, but less deadly
in proportion to the numbers engaged. There
was no altruism in this 1t was automatic.
Evening star., 1936-07-05
Yet do
armamentS create
war? A noted British
authority answers

tillery and muskets and an ever growing ex-
penditure on munitions, was - for the period
- terribly expensive.
In the 18th and 18th centuries state of
war might continue for years, but actual
campaigning was an affair of relatively small
bodies of men maneuvering against each other
for few summer months. 1t needed the
social cataclysm of the French Revolution to
produce the twenty years of continuous war
which terminated with Waterloo. Europe was
utterly ruined for the next thirty years there
after. 1t made local wars, but it did not start
another universal conflict until 1914 when
the lesson was forgotten, to be'relearned at a
then unimaginable expense.
That factor of expense is the greatest de-
terrent to war today. Thanks to the arma-
ment inventors, war has become fabulously
costly game. In old days it cost very little
to shoot an arrow at man, and nothing to
hit him with club In the Napoleonic wars
gun could be cast for few hundred dollars;
it lasted for years and its projectiles could be
and often were collected and used again.
Today big gun may cost quarter of
million dollars and it can fire, at thousand
dollars time, only score or so of rounds
before it needs refining. The German Paris
gun began seriously to deteriorate almost
from the first round The modern field-gun
itself has very short life, and it uses an
enormous quantity of ammunition, mostly
wasted. The artillery bombardments on the
Wacferp Front coct nanv x,,;1I;o,,c ., daxy The
next war will plainly be yet more expensive,
thanks to all the improved weapons our
scientists have devised for us and munition
trusts sell impartially to ourselves and our
various possible enemies.
War of course could be waged quite as ef-
fectively, and as decisive results achieved,
with the comparatively cheap weapons of
former times. For their purpose, Nelson's
wooden ships at Trafalgar, costing only $780,
900 each. were at least as effective as the mass
of $50 900 900 ultra-precious battleshps with
which Jellicoe did not attain decision at
Jutland. But the progress of science - the
Zeiigetst - will not have it so. If we want to
fight we must now do SO at fantastically
ruinOus COST
Inadvertently, indeed, our modern scien-
tifc merchants of DEATH have put an enor-
NOUS premium on peace. 1t is probable that
if war could be waged with the cheap and
simple implements of a century ago, the fear
obsessed. hate-crazed Continent of Europe
would now be in .confagation. But even the
(Confinvsd on po0s 10)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-05-02
Liverpool Grain Prices.
CHICAGO LIVE STOCK.

CHICAGO. May . UNITED Sta q
Department of Agricultural Cattle. e
ceiptS 500; calves 100; compared to Fri
day last week: Medium weight and weightv
steers. %, TO 40 cents lower; bulk Of light
steers and practically. all grades yearlinr :
fully, steady. but bulk of crop comprised
weighty offerings hence general market
uneVenly lower. average cost steers ard
yearlings for week around S.25 new low on
crop; extreme top. 1000; best .yearlinSs.
all grades yearlines and light steers sellins
IS high or slightly higher than comparable
heavies; largely 7.75a900 market with
lower grades high in contrast with middle
Or better grades: receipts larger locally;
steady to 25 lower. fed heifers in liberal
supply. steady to weak best 900, best
light offerings 8 50: beef cows. 10 TO Is
lower; cutter COWS steady; bulls weak TO
10 cents lower; vealers, % to 80 cents
h ec4ed ven late top bulls e4o
Sheep-Receipts. . 900; for week ending
Friday 300 directs: compared Friday last
week: General market around IS cents
higher. dull at close; fat lambs went up
sharply early in the, week. but lost, most
J" 50. highest since early. 1880; clippers.
II 90; closing top wooded lambs 1910;
bulk. II 75a12 90: choice 1O3-pound clip
pers 900 at close but above 1000, still
best wooled yearlinss earlier. in week.
HoesEReceipts. 45oO. Including 1900
direct: market nominally steady; few sales
good and choice 26O-300 pounds. 9S5a
none; estimated holdover.- / 900; compared
with week ago. weights below $50 pounds
25 to 80 lower heavier weights and SoWs
35 to so cents lower.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-05-02
DIR. HERzFELD JOINS
FACULTY AT c. J..
Prominent Physician Named
Head of Department.
Succeeds Prof. Shea.

Appointment of DR.. Karl F. Herr
field, widely known physicist and pro-
lessor of physics at Johns Hopkins
University since 1925, as head Of the
department Of physics at Catholic Uni
versity, was announced today. He
also has been named John OBrien
professor of physics and will occupy
the chair formerly held by Prof. Dan
lei w. Shea. who died in 1880.
internationally acknowledged as a
leader in his field, DR.. Herzfeld comes
to the Catholic University after a
brilliant career of teaching and lee
turing in Europe and America. He
received his Phi. D. degree at the age
Of % from the University of Vienna
in 1914, and after four years of service
in the Austrian Army, became mem
Der of the faculty Of the University
Of Vienna as an assistant professor.
In 1926 he visited the United States
as Speyer guest professor at Johns
Hopkins and after a years stay was
named professor Of physics at the in
stitution.
DR.. Herzfeld has lectured at the
Universities of Michigan, Fordham
and Cooper Union. Is an associate
editor of the Journal of Chemical
Physics, a member Of the Committee
on Insulation and the National Re-
search Council. He is also a member
of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science and a fellow
Of the American Physical Society.
In recognition of his work, which
includes the contribution of nearly a
hundred articles to scientific maya
zines as well as authorship of a num-
Der of books, DR.. Herzfeld was awarded
the Mendel Medal for outstanding
service in the field Of physics and re-
ceived the degree of doctor of science,
honoris causa from Loyola College OF
Baltimore in 1882 and Marquette Uni
versity in 1888.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-05-02
PROBLEMS OF YOUTH
WEIGHED AT FARLEY
Council of Education Unit Sur.
veys Field, Convention
Is Told.

A comprehensive survey of the prob
lens in the care and education of
American youth is being developed by
the American Youth Commission of
the American Council on Education,
the commissions director, DR.. Homer
p. Rainey, today told the councils
annual convention, in session at the
United States Chamber OF Commerce
Building.
DR.. Rainey disclosed the attitude Of
youth toward society in general and
then presented the results of a study
ut Houston, Tex. It was found one-half
Of per cent were classified as having
an antagonistic attitude toward society,
10 per cent were Indifferent, and 70
per cent were favorable, while the
remaining 20 per cent were enthusiast
tic in their outlook.
Other speakers on the concluding
program Of the convention this
morning were Marie Butts, executive
secretary of the International Bureau
Of Education, Geneva, Switzerland, on
Recent Trends of Education In Eu-
rope" Beardsley Ruml, treasurer, r. H.
Macy & Co., New York City, on
Confusion and Compromise in Edu-
cation" and S. P. Capen, chancellor
Of the University Of Buffalo. who sum-
married. the work of the Committee on
Problems and Plans In Education.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-05-02
VACCINATION BILL
ARGUMENTS HEARD
Chillum Heights Citizens Given
Conflicting Views on
Measure.

The bill to eliminate compulsory
vaccination of children before enter
ing school was discussed last night
by the Chillum Heights Citizens AS
ISOLATION in its first meeting at which
the new president, H. M. Dixon, pre-
sided. 1t was the last meeting until
Fall
Arguments favoring the bill were
offered by Harry B. Bradford of the
Medical Freedom Society of the Dis
trict. who commended vaccination does
more harm than good.
DrS Stewart M. GraySon and S
r. Taggart spoke against the bill
illustrating their remarks with lantern
slides showing the ravages of small
pox. They declared the disease has
been practically eliminated in this
country through vaccination.
The following standing committee
chairmen were named by Dixon:
Mrs. Dora C. Leizear, membership;
George S. Foreman, legislation; Cyrus
T. Bright. publicity; Arthur w. Cline,
public buildings and public parks;
Thomas w. Joy. public utilities and
coming; Einar Christensen, highways
and streets; w. A. Myers. public
health and sanitation; Joseph D.
Bulman. fire and police; o. N. For
rest, schools. and Mrs. N. B. Webb
entertainment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-05-02
MICHIGAN BOOM REPORTED.
Gov. Fitzgerald to Name Vandenberg
at Convention.

LANSING, Mich. May (P).-Mich-
igan's Governor, Frank D. Fitzgerald,
will present the name of Senate Ar
thur H. Vandenberg to the Repub-
lican National Convention as a candi-
date for the presidential nomination,
with the authorization of the Mich
igan Senator.
Howard c. Lawrence, chairman
of the Republican State Central Com
mittee. said today that Senator VAN
denberg had written to the Governor
asking that he make the nominating
speech, and adding: THE Michigan
delegation may have a great influence
on the convention"
The Michigan Republican Conven-
ton last week instructed its dele
cation to the national convention to
present the name of Senator Van
denberg. but the letter from the Mich
igan Senator contained the first def
mite indication that he has more than
passive interest in his chances for
the nomination.
Gov. Fitzgerald said. however, that
Senator Vandenberg would not an
nounce himself as a candidate at
any time. In his nominating speech.
the Governor said, he will stress
the fact that the Michigan Senator is
not offered as competitive candidate.
Nevertheless, State Republican
leaders consider Senator Vandenberg
as far more than a "favorite SON"
Many Of them predict a deadlock at
the Cleveland convention next month.
Seen as Compromise Candidate.
Should that happen, they contend,
Senator Vandenberg would become
the logical compromise candidate.
The State Republican Convention,
at the Senator's request, did not bind
its delegation to support Vandenberg,
although it had been prepared to
do so.
Michigan Republican leaders said,
however, they would solicit support
from other State delegations for
Vandenberg.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-05-02
Washington Produce

Range of prices to stores, gathered from
wholesale dealers tprices to nearby ship
pers based on Philadelphia and New York
prices)
BUTTER - one-pound prints. carton
(92 scorel. SO; 1-pound prints, carton 900
scoreJ. 80: H-pound prints. carton (92
score, 34l, H-pound prints, carton go
sccoorel; 80: tubs COZ scoreh 80: tubs.
MEATs1Beef. 12ha1s: veal 1ea1s:
ham 23a24: pork loin. -24a25: compound.
12aI224: lard. I294a131a.
mediums. i6a10sz: heavies' Sai9H..::
rouEhs,, 5asla; calves. GAG: Spring lambs,
Prices paid shippers. net (. o. b. Wash
ington. BY the United States Bureau OF
Agricultural Economics:
EGGS-Market generally steady at an
changed prices. Current receipts, 1al2s20;
hennery whites. 2O1za21. Government
graded and dated white eggs Gncludins
extras trF la rte 81; O. s. extras. mediums
23l2; U; s.. standards. large. 231a; brown
LIVE PoULTRY-Market steady. PRICES
UNCHANGED. Fowl: Colored, heavy, 20a22
Leghorns. 1Sal9: ROSTERS. 12a14 Chick
ems: Plymouth Rock broilers. "a fancy
Plymouth Rocks. 26: Leghorn broilers. goa
%; mixed colors, 1Sa20. Capons: Heavy
%; light, %: slips, 20. Turkeys: Hens
1921: toms. 16alS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-05-02
ZiOnclleck
Continued From First Page.)

Zioncheck, whom he married six days
ago.
She said that from newspaper de-
scriptions and a radio broadcast she
heard early today asking for the ap-
prehension of Zioncheck for Alexan-
dria authorities, she recognized the
Washington whirlwind.
When, she said, the legislator drove
out of Shallotte at an illegal speed
she hoped in her car and dashed
after him along U. S. Highway II.
From a social standpoint, he is
the biggest prisoner my husband or ]
ever caught" said Mrs. Russ, who was
excited over her quarry.
One result of Zioncheck's Alexan-
dria arrest, his second within a fort
night on charges of speeding, was a
move to support legislation enabling
District authorities to revoke out-of-
town driving permits.
The Advisory Board Of the Ameri-
can Automobile Association yesterday
adopted a resolution indorsing the bill
introduced by Chairman King of the
Senate District Committee to provide
for suspension of permits Of visitors
convicted of fragrant traffic VIOLA
tons.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-05-02
MRS. FRANK BROECHIN
LIVED HERE 81 YEARS
Native Of Switzerland Came to
q. S. in 1So2-Rites to Be
Held Monday.

Mrs. Clara Broechin, wife of Frank
Broechin, retired musician of the
Army Engineer Corps Band. died yes
terday at her home, 4518 Seventh
street. She would have been IS on
June 20.
A native Of Switzerland, Mrs. Broe-
chin came to this country in 1892,
spending 10 years in New York be-
fore coming here "a years ago. She
was a member of Die Stauffacherin, q
Swiss society.
She is survived by her husband,
two daughters. Mrs. Harry F. Bieber
and Mrs. Albert L. Ferber, both of
this city: o sister, Mrs. Albertine
Widli, New York City, and a brother,
Adolf Holer, Switzerland.
Funeral services will be held at 2
pm. Monday at the residence. Burial
will be in Arlington National Gene
terry.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-05-02
c. O.P. DELEGATES
At LARGE CHOSEN
43 Added to D. C. Commit.
tee by Regularly Elected
Members.

Although actively opposed by
National Committeeman Edward F.
Colladay, an organization slate of
43 delegates at large was victorious
Thursday night in elections held by
the elected delegates to the local
Republican State Committee.
Leo A. Rover, State chairman and
formerly United States Attorney, pre-
sided. Many of his rulings were ap-
pealed to the floor, but in each in
stance the chair was sustained. For
several weeks hotly contested elections
had been in progress in the 43 dis
tricts into which the city is divided.
Each district selected a chairman, a
secretary and delegate to the State
Committee These delegates, in turn,
elected the delegate-at-large slate.
The committee will meet again
Tuesday to elect officers, and Thursday
will select delegates to the national
convention in Cleveland. as well as
the national committeeman and COM
mitteeWoman.
While there were two tickets under
consideration for delegates at large, it
was said today they were not entirely
different, some of those chosen having
been on both states.
A number of prominent citizens
of the Capital we're included among
those chosen Thursday night, who
were:
Albert w. Atwood. c. A. Baker,
Charles A. Camalier, Judge James A.
Cobb, Colladay, Charles F. Consaul, DR..
George F. Dudley, Merlin A. English,
jr.; Robert v. Fleming. William A.
Gallagher, Charles H. Galliher, c.
c. Glover, jr.; West A Hamilton,
Douglas l.. Hatch, John r. Hawkins,
Frank J. Hogan, Mrs. Joseph Horgan,
Charles Jacobsen, Rev. w. H. Jernagin,
H. Lincoln johnson, Ralph w. Lee,
Paul Lesh, Thomas P Littlepage, jr.;;
Demarest Lloyd, Miss Pearl Mccall,
H. K. McCook, William P. McCracken,
Jesse H. Mitchell, Claude Owen, Mrs.
E. H. Parry, jr.: Samuel j. Prescott,
Charles F. Roberts, Judge Gus A..
Schuldt, Emmett ]. Scott, Samuel
Scrivener. I. E. Shoemaker, Paul e.
Shorb, John Sirica, Edgar C. Snyder,
Mrs. Virginia White Speel, Charles
H. Turner and Mrs. G. Louis Weller.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-05-02

situation has not changed in the
slightest"
Many of Senator Vandenberg's
friends, however. believe the Republic
an Convention eventually will nomi-
nate the Michigan Senator for Presi-
dent. Vandenberg has never said that
he would refuse the nomination His
position has been that he would not
actively seek it.
Senator Vandenberg's request to
Gov. Fitzgerald to make the speech
placing him in nomination eliminates
the possibility of other members of
the delegation as the nominating
speaker.
Former Gov. William M. Brucker
for example might have been glad to
make the speech at the convention.
Brucker is now a candidate for the
Republican senatorial nomination
against Senator CouzenS. This means
a bitter intraparty row.
The belief is growing here that if
Gov ALT NJ. Landon is not nominated
at the Cleveland convention, the
nomination will go to Vandenberg.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-05-02
PAUL DULANEY, IS,
|. LAWYER, EXPIRES
Was Official of Coal Cor.
porationS-ReSident of
Capital Since 1908.

Paul Dulaney. SO, widely known
lawyer and prominently identified with
several business organizations, died
early today after short illness at his
home, 1915 Huntington street. Death
was due to heart disease.
Mr.. Dulaney was president, director
and general counsel of the Windsor
Coal Corp. director and general coun-
sci for the Benedict Coal Corp. and
counsel for the Virginia Coal Oper-
ators' Association.
In 1888 he was assistant general
counsel Of the United States Railroad
Administration.
Born in Blountville, Tenn, Mr.. Du-
laney was graduated from King COL
lege. Bristol, Tenn, with bachelor OF
science degree in 1901 and received his
law degree at the University Of Vir-
ginia in 1908. He had been resident
Of this city since 1908.
He was a member of the Columbia
Country Club and the University Club
here and the Pennington Country
Club at Charlottesville, Va. He also
was a member of the Connecticut
Avenue Citizens Association, the
Chevy Chase Presbyterian Church
and the Bristol, Va, Lodge 1872 OF
Masons.
Surviving him are his widow, Mrs
Bane Summers Dulaney; two sons
Ben B. Dulaney. assistant sports edi-
tor of the Washington Post, and Paul
S. Dulaney, local architect; a daugh-
ter, Miss Jane Dulaney; three brothers
Landon Cobb Dulaney Of Atlanta, Ga;
Fred Dulaney of Bristol, Tenn, and
William Dykes Dulaney of San An
tonic, Tex, and a siste.. Mrs. r. N
| Carter of Rochester, N. Y.
Funeral services and burial will be
a. Glade Springs, Va, Monday aft
ernoon.