davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1936-06-07
PLAN FOR US. CANDIDATE
PROPERTY OATH NOT NEW
Cuatemalan 'Law of Probity," Passed
in 1881, Requires Affidavit of Pos
sessions by Officials.

mental influence" in Guatemala. The
are not confined to the low-salaried
employees, but include also the highest
officials of the administration, those
elected by popular vote or by the
National Assembly. They, too, must
file their statement of possessions
within Is days after their Inaugural
tion in Office. They, too, must declare
what they have, so that when their
terms are over II may be known what
they had not.
The "law of probity" finally speci-
f1es that when a government official
or employe ceases to function, or even
during his tenure of Office, any person,
by mere comparison of possession.
may file charges against him with the
state auditor or treasurer, who is di-
rected to make an immediate investi-
cation. and, If necessary, place the
facts before the courts"
The significance of this unprece-
dented law was particularly enhanced,
at that time, by the circumstance that
facts placed before courts" had. only
few months before, placed behind
the bars several prominent govern
ment officials in other Latin American
republics.
When the Guatemalan legislators
decided to make their private wealth
a matter of public record, and when
they pressed for the passage of the
Guatenlalan law of probity, they
probably had in mind the fact that
| charges of misuse of national funds
had been consistently heard in con-
nection with the violent changes Of
government, in the preceding year.
in Bolivia, Peru, Argentina, Brazil
and Panama.
Presidents Awaited Trial.
Whether justified or not-whether
legally accurate or merely the re-
suit of political passions and revenge
these accusations had accompanied
the overthrow of every oustG Latin
American executive during the then
recent epidemic of revolution. At
| the time the Guatemalan law was
| approved, two former South American
Presidents we're still awaiting in
prison the outcome of heated trials
! for allegedly shady governmental
transactions during their terms of
Office.
The arousing of keen sense Of
public responsibility had, precisely,
been one of the outstanding charac-
| teristics of the revolutionary wave
which was then sweeping one Latin
American government after another,
The epidemic-whether real or
only in the exalted imagination of
the enemies Of the disposed author1-
ties-had proved to be general. Not
one of them had escaped the charge
of mismanagement of the national
funds. No wonder, then. that the
Guatemalan legislators. with all these
experiences in mind. acted TO prevent
the malady in advance by means
! of their "law of probity." vac
cination, as it we're, against pos
sible contagion.
Copyright. 1850
Evening star., 1936-06-07
Foundation of Temple
To MOntu Discovered

CAIRO.-French archeologists have
made the discovery of the foundation
of a temple TO Montu, the god of war.
some 20 miles from Luxor on the right
bank of the Nile. Other discoveries
are four chests of bronze, the two
larger of which contain lapislazuli,
mineral of beautiful ultramarine color,
and in the other two chests we're OBJ
jects of gold, silver and lead. In the
chests Of lapislazui were found, mixed
with sand, pearls and amulets-many
of them broken. The amulets are an
eagle with a human head, winged
lion, bull and numerous strange in
sects. Two bracelets of gold were
found in one of the chests.
The strange part of the find is that
the sand has preserved all these OBJ
jects. The chests, according to the
archeologists, belong to the times OF
the first dynasty of Babylon, which
certain archeologists date to have
I commenced in 2l96 BIC. and others
claim a period about 1887 BIC.
Evening star., 1936-06-07
Centenary Celebration
OF Arc de Triomphe

PARASITIC Arc de Triomphe
celebrates its centenary this year.
Though begun In 1906 by Napoleon,
who intended 1t as a monument to
the glory of his army after the bat
tie Of Austerlitz, the great arch was
not completed and inaugurated until
80 years later. 1t cost the state over
nine million francs, because Of its
substructure, which extends As feet
below the ground.
The figures in the great frieze run
ming around the top are over six feet
high and represent a departure and
return Of the French armies. The
handsome arch has suffered badly
at different periods of its existence
at the hands of friend and foe alike,
notably perhaps at the fall of the
Second Empire, while the Commune
ragged in the city. 1t was calculated
that for three weeks 80 shells were
fired at it daily. With the restora-
ton of law and order the Arc de
Triomphe was completely restored.
To reach the summit 273 steps have
to be climbed.
Evening star., 1936-06-07

personal sympathies. He is under
great pressure from both Hapsburg
and anti-Hapsburg circles. What
will he do? And, above all, what can
he do?
Kurt Schuschnigg is the only die
tator of Europe who was not under
privileged in childhood His birth
place is in that part Of Tyrol which
was detached from Austria and at
tached to Italy at the end Of the World
War. Kurts father was high army
officer-a general during the war
and his grandfather was also gen.
eral, known and feared as the "Thun-
derer" His was an Austrian military
family. of which the deity was
"Dienst"-s behalf Of the
all highest imperial and royal family
of the House Of Hspsburg and Lor-
raine.
Kurt did not spend much time at
home. His mother, who came Of
rich Tyrolean family, was mostly on
the 60 with her husband-today in the
garrison of subtropical Meran and
next week, perhaps, in Tarnopol, near
the Russian Steppes.
School of Aristocrats.
Kurt was sent to the school OF aris-
tocratic boys-the Jesuit gynasium,
Stella Matutina, the morning star, at
Feldkirch, known to American travel
ers as the first Austrian station COM
ing from Switzerland. Kurt was very
popular with his teachers, who praised
his ability, but less popular with his
schoolmates, who thought him too re-
served. He made name for himself
as star Of the school stage, where he
Evening star., 1936-06-07

employ to the best advantage. His
speeches have that popular touch,
which in pre-war Vienna would have
been considered the hallmark of the
agitator. Although he is flrSt-claSs
actor, he lacks the ability of popular
speakers to identify himself with his
audience. He is too much a member
of the intellectual elite-a born aris-
tocrat-to be able to feel completely
at ease with the masses.
Faces Great Problems.
Now he is confronted with great
problems, the greatest Of which is to
keep the German Nazis from swallow
ing up Austria. In this he is support
ed by Austria's other neighbors and
most of Europe's great powers. But
who can support him in his fight
against the domestic Nazi menace,
which is always acute? While he
needs Mussolini for the time being,
he must see to it that the Italian die
tator shall not make Austria a vaSsal
state. Schuschnigg will have to pacify
the working classes members mostly
of outlawed Socialist organizations,
who are on the warpath against his
fascistic policies. He knows full well
that he cannot fight both Austrian
Nazis and Socialists. Now he has an
additional problem on his hands in
the form of Prince Starhemberg S
Fascist Home Guards, who may be
driven to make common cause with
the Nazis. On top of everything,
there is the Hapsburg question. While
he is a monarchist at heart. he is too
good a politician not to know that
craftsmanship has little concern with
Evening star., 1936-06-07

nigg Is working on q compromise
plan which would give the Austrian
National Socialists representation In
his cabinet. He is said to feel that
Nazis sentiment is too strong in his
country to be entirely disregarded. II
not taken into account, it would be
forced into illegal channels-as 1t
already has been to a large extent.
On the other hand. Schuschnigg him
self maintains that as a Catholic
and an Austrian, he cannot accept CO.
operation from a goddess and state
wrecking political movement.
As a monarchist, Schuschnigg would
like to see the return of the House OF
Hapsburg; but as practical politi-
clan he may feel that the time has
not yet arrived for the restoration. He
is supported in his monarchism by a
growing sentiment in Vienna that
the return of Otto would be the best
answer to Hitler's explosive nation
alism.
On the other hand, 1t is generally
realized that the opposition of some Of
Austria's neighbors to the return Of
the dynasty is factor to be reckoned
with. At any rate, Chancellor Schusch-
nigg will have a lot to say about
the vital matter, and it is little won-
der, therefore, that Europe's eyes
should be on the young dictator of
Austria.
Evening star., 1936-06-07
Red Party Demands
Portion of Salaries

PARIS tR).-Each Of the Commu-
nists in the new French Chamber of
Deputies gets only a fraction of his
salary.
Representatives of the Communist
workers" announced the red news
paper Humsnite, can live on a
workers salary"
Each Communist Deputy keeps only
1900 francs (about $l12) out of his
5000 francs-a-month salary. The rest
goes into the party's treasury.
Evening star., 1936-06-07
BY GASTON NERvAL.

UCh comment IlhS DC Z II
M aroused by the suggestion,
wv advanced by leading politi-
Il cal journal, that all candi-
dates for public Office, starting with
the November election, should give out
list of all personal property owned
by himself and immediate family to
serve as a matter of public record
during his tenure in Office. The pro-
ponents of the idea have empha-
sized that it would be in keeping with
the traditional prestige Of the United
States as the land of innovations and
broken precedents in matters polite.
This time, however, the innovation
would not be quite so original. Stu
dents of Latin American affairs will
remember that a similar suggestion
was made, some five years ago in one
Of the Central American republics and
that it did not remain merely a sug-
gestion. In April, 1881, the Guate-
malan Congress actually enacted
what it designated with the eloquent
name of Law of Probity."
Official Must Reveal Property.
Article of the law makes it man
datory for sll employees of the Guate-
malan government receiving in ex-
cess of 5000 monthly or handling
public funds to make an affidavit set
ting forth their personal possessions
at the time they take Office. Real
estate, securities, industrial interests
and bank accounts of any applicant
for public Office must be declared be-
fore he can be given post. A de-
tailed record of all personal property
owned by government employees is thus
kept by an officer of the national
treasury.
The law further provides that, in
addition to an inventory Of all per-
sonal assets. debts must be specified,
as well as the possessions of the wife
and children of the employe and all
property held as trustee, guardian,
etc.
Article III specifies that within Is
days of the acquisition of property in
excess of 50 600 by an employe already
in Office. full particulars must be
recorded in an affdavit filed with the
government auditor The traditional
'nouveaux riches" of the administra-
ton, the grafters and the treasure
hunters" of politics would thus be
eliminated.
Another article Of the law provides
| that neither the individuals affected
| by it, their relatives nor intimate
friends, may contract with the state
for work or supplies when the pro-
visions of the contract are to be en-
forced by the individuals in question
Still another one declares that if a
person is the owner of, or stock
/ holder in, mercantile or industrial
enterprise which may produce goods
for government consumption, he must
take oath at the time of entering the
government service, that the enter
prise will have no relation with the
government during the term Of his
employment.
These last two provisions make par.
ticularly difficult the sale of govern
Evening star., 1936-06-07
Return of COssacks to Soviet Favor
ArOuses Old War-Like Enthusiasm

MOSCOW.-Few recent changes in
The Soviet Union have provoked so
much comment and discussion as the
sudden return to favor of the Co.'S
sacks. Once considered to represent
all that was most terrible in CzariSt
oppression, and having acquired an
additional black mark in the Soviet
books by their stubborn opposition to
agricultural collectivization, it looked
until few days ago as though even
the very name "CoSsack" was to dis
appear from the new Russia, or re-
main only as bugaboo to frighten
Socialist children.
The Cossacks had lost their national
identity; they were forbidden to wear
Aheir old costumes and thousands had
been exiled for their opposition to
collectivization. The young Cossacks,
called for military service, were sum-
n1arily scattered among polyglot units
without respect for their warriors
pride.
Almost overnight the whole picture
has changed. An elderly Cossack
named Yakovenko, one Of delegation
of peasants from the collective farms
received at the Kremlin, in the course
of his speech said, THE Cossacks have
become Sovietic" The phrase was
greeted with thunders Of applause and
when Yakovenko went back to his
home on the Don River, he brought
q message from Joseph Stain which
spread rapidly through the country
side and led to the organization Of
such q series of fetes and merrymak-
ing as the region has not known for
two decades. The Cossacks were going
TO be restored to their national iden-
tity. No longer as the condottieri
of the Cars but as soldiers of the new
order whose courage Is appreciated in
high places.
The message from Rostov to Stain
said: I'VE now understand that we
Evening star., 1936-06-07
Dogs Are Put to Work
By TOiling Japanese

TOKIO.-Even the pet dogs of the
Japanese must work and earn their
keep. Every dog seems trained to har-
ness; many are big dogs, but even tiny
fox terriers are harnessed to the un-
calmly two-wheel carts and strain
every muscle to help pull.
But man power. it is pointed out,
is the cheapest thing in all Japan.
Thousands of japanese pull carts
and what work it is-l2 hours each
day for a yen and a half-about so
cents A stone-cutter is the highest
paid workman; he gets yen (about
$l.30) per day.
Evening star., 1936-06-07

Service Commission, headed by Harry
B. Mitchell. and has given it his sup
port on half dozen occasions when
the commission has gone to the mat
with Congress over some fragrant
threatening breach of civil service.
To the contrary, the President
"unblanketed" about 300 employees of
the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic
Commerce-Herbert Hoover's pet-and
some ITO in the Soldiers Home at
Johnson City, Tenn, for no good rea-
son other than the familiar cry of
politics" although at the Tennessee
establishment, another McKellar tar
get, some of those affected had been
in service 80 years.
Acts of that sort furnish ammuni-
ton for foes who comment that Presi-
dent Roosevelt talks good civil serv-
ice."
Workers Forced Out.
The vast personnel hodge -podge
that has been created in the past
three years could only have been pro-
ductive Of abuses, some readily ap-
parent; others not so easily seen, par
ticularly when the huge machine ex-
tends into 48 States. In recent months
there have been reports of civil serv-
ice workers being forced out in favor
OF patronage appointees on works
progress jobs, and of political prefer
ment being invoked for appointments
in civil service agencies. The Amer
ican Federation of Government En-
ployes has charged fatty that wage
scales were being cut by the substi-
tuition of public works employees for
civil service forces. There have been
several instances brought to light
where it was suggested to employees
that it might be good idea for them
to contribute to the Democratic war
chest. None of these things make
for good administration, but the sys-
tenn lends itself to any of this.
In restrospect. the thing that stands
| out from the shadows of the past three
years is that the merit system faced
the first test of its half century of
existence, and come out second best.
And there is no guarantee that this
condition would not recur. no matter
| whether Democrats. Republicans or
Hottentots were in Office.
One of the grave shortcomings of
the present system is that it never
fostered career service. Changes of
administration see department heads
showed around because of politics in
many instances.
Will Receive Test.
The good faith of some of those
crying loudest now about "spoils" will
be tested soon when the National Fed
Grafton of Federal Employees goes be-
fore both national conventions and
urges an adequate civil service plank.
AS Luther c. Steward, the fedora
ton president. remarks. however, the
test of such plank would be in carry
ing 1t out.
In a recent talk before this Fedora
tion, Sir Willmott Lewis, the scholarly
correspondent of the London Times,
sounded a note that well might be
taken to heart by those whose interest
Is in good administration.
The British civil service system-a
model-he explained, practically forced
itself on the government, because with
changing times. those in high places
realized that haphazard patronage ap-
pointments no longer would suffice
that sheer competence was demanded.
In Sc years the theory has been justi-
| fed
That is q lesson this country still Is
] to learn.
Evening star., 1936-06-07
MOnasteries Built
As Large as Cities

W.-Monasteries as large as
entire cities abound in Armenia. At
Gerart, four churches have been hol-
lowed out of the cliff, possibly in a
period long before Christianity.
There also are cave dwellings, pas
sages, secret paths and holes evidently
made as refugees.
Going by road from Delizahn TO
Akastafa, to the right and left are the
ancient monasteries of Agartsin and
Goshavank. In Ani-Pemza there is a
remarkable fifth century monument,
preserved intact. Around this basilica
are the ruins of large settlement and
nearby, in the Canyon Akhuryen, Is a
cave settlement, apparently the DWELL
ing place of the Middle Ages religious
classes.
Evening star., 1936-06-07

Staten Island soon will have its own
museum depicting life on the island
in the early nineteenth century: The
Staten Island Historical Society is pre-
pairing a collection of relics of the
Colonial, Revolutionary and nine
teenth century life which placed in
the old county clerks Office and will
be opened to the public after the next
annual meeting of the group on Wash
ington's birthday.
The project is being developed by a
group of Staten Islanders who started
the collection as a private hobby.
Curators and executives Of the new
museum are touring the island coun-
tryside for antiques that have an
authentic background. Actual work
on the museum plan began three years
ago. although the suggestion for
museum was made in 1880 when Will
liam T. Davis. president of the So
ciety. suggested that it should bear IN
mind and work toward the establish
ment Of a museum"
In 1922 Loring McMillen, an archi-
tect and engineer whose hobby was
the collecting of Revolutionary and
Colonial tools, joined the society. With
the aid of Mr.. Davis and the Rev.
Lefferd M. A. Haughwout, vice presi-
dent of the society. Mr.. McMillen and
his three associate curators, Burton A.
Kollmer, Howard r. Hill and c. Fred
erick Vreeland. began collecting and
co-ordinating the many finds that the
locality produced.
The building in which the museum
is to be housed is itself historical. A
certain amount of restoration has
made The red brick building an attrac-
tive one. boasting beautiful exhibition
rooms with excellent lighting and ven-
tilating facilities. and such attributes
as a spiral staircase and massive
safe 70 be used for museum documents,
which once protected the local govern
ment papers.
Mr.. McMillen described the purpose
of the museum as threefold. I'VE
want to collect objects depicting the
life of old Staten Island, such as books.
tools. furniture, documents and so
fourth: we want to exhibit them in
telligently and We want to educate the
nublic to the use of these objects by
lectures, publicity, circulars (pann-
phlets and other means at our dis
posal."
In connection with the actual mu-
scum work, a w. P. A. project has
been started under the direction OF
Evening star., 1936-06-07

Continued From First Page)
dropped for age, it seems likely that
almost all of the 1000 we're placed
elsewhere. Not even a guess could be
hazarded about the outcome in the
field service over the rest Of the
country.
Undoubtedly. civil service was at its
ebb in this period, and the Capital was
being treated to scenes paralleling
those of early days. when, as one
chronicler put it, the influx OF job
hunters was comparable to a locust
swarm. Long lines daily sought ad-
mittance to their Senators and Repre-
sentatives; the reception room lead
ing to the Office of Postmaster General
Farley was crowded from morning to
night, and when the jobs still were
put out too slow to suit them, the
patronage committeeman on the Hill
invited" Farley to come up and give
them an accounting. Farley aides
were placed here and there to super
wise the flow, and so far as the politi-
CldIlS NeIC COuJCILlCO, lLIC AioNAAAAO
was in gear For brief period it
seemed that civil service would get a
break in the Agricultural Adjustment
Administration and public works, but
the patient suffered relapse.
Critics have emphasized that the
failure of President Roosevelt to step
in and halt the undermining of civil
service right at the outset was the
turning point. In the beginning
presidential advisers drafting the
emergency laws seem to have had
some idea of stating the new groups
with civil service workers. There was
no reservoir on which to draw, how
ever, as employment registers of the
Civil Service Commission had become
outdated and depleted by the long
employment lag and unregulated re-
cruiting became the order.
On this point the Commission OF In
uuiry on Public Service Personnel,
headed by DR.. L. D. Coffman, president
of the University of Minnesota, said
last year that the emergency justified
the departure from civil service.
Granting that was true at the very
start, the fact remains that in the
World War employees were brought in
by the hundreds of thousands, and
even though examination requirements
were somewhat relaxed, it was never
theless a civil service set-up. Once
civil service had been sidestepped in
this administration, an irresistible
force was loosed. 1t is debatable
whether after that President Roose-
welt could have stemmed the tide.
Plea on Work Relief.
To cite an example: When the
81, $50 100000 work relief bill was
in Congress in February year
ago, the Civil Service Reform League
wrote President Roosevelt urging
that those administrative agencies
handling the huge fund be organ
lied under civil service. The Presi-
dent acquiesced, explaining he already
had given consideration to this very
thing and adding:
ION instructions from me, the Civil
Service Commission has prepared an
amendment to this bill which would
bring about the result you desire, If
Congress sees fit to accept the amend
ment."
The amendment never got out OF the
Senate Appropriations Committee.
Connection of President.
In considering the Presidents direct
connection with the plight in which
the merit system finds itself, some
strange paradoxes are presented.
He appointed an excellent Ciyl
Evening star., 1936-06-07

Must be ready to defend our country,
that we shall have to lead our horses
to drink at other rivers than the Don,
Kuban and the Terek. Let the Japa-
nese generals, Polish and pan-Ger-
man Fascists know that Cossack
steeds, robust Cossack sabers and
sharp CoSsack rifles hit the mark"
Another exuberantly warlike message
to Klementi E. Voroshilov promised
him: When We hear you calling
us to battle, we will leap upon our
swift horses and destroy the enemy
forever"
(Copyright. 1q36)
Evening star., 1936-06-07
Staten Island Will Have Museum
Depicting Life in Nineteenth Century

Lothrop c. Stoddard. to gather all the
historical material available concern
ing houses, roads, farms and families
of the island for the museum library.
A card index already has been pre-
pared of the material available TO
date.
Evening star., 1936-06-07

Can He Save Austria?

Hitler
Constantly Watching
Evening star., 1936-06-07
Spoilsmen's Attack OH Merit System
Laid Principally at Door of Congress

Continued From First Page.)