davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-05-11
RED CROSS FIGHTS
TRAFF|CT0LL GAIN
Grayson Tells Convention
Emergency Is Year.
Round Disaster.
by the Associated Press.

By the Associated PreSs.
CHICAGO, May 1.-THE American
Red Gross aimed reinforcements to-
day against death on the Nations
highways, described as Rear Admiral
Cary T. Grayson, national chairman,
as q national emergency OF year.
round disaster proportions"
As the annual national Red Gross
convention opened, organizers an
nounced that rapid expansion Of vol
unteer personnel to give emergency
first aid in motor accident cases was
deemed 4 major projct. Admiral
Grayson pointed yesterday to more
than 5000 killed and 100000 manned
in the United States in 1885 as the
motivating force.
President Lauds Work.
President Roosevelt hkened the
American Red Cross to the Federal
Government in o letter read today Of
the convention.
perhaps one reason for the support
the respect, yes, even the love which
our Red Cross inspires IN all OF us Il
that 1t is so typically democratic" the
President said.
Like the Government itself, you
maintain national headquarters in
Washington. Like the Government
your organization is composed Of the
rank and file Of the people In every
county OF every State and Territory
of the Union. And, like the Govern
ment, you exist only to serve to the
best Of your ability the people who
created you"
Rear Admiral Cary r. Grayson
chairman Of the Red Cross, said the
organizations greatest problem this
Spring was the floods and tornadoes
He summarized the loss Of those dis.
asters as affecting 20 States, dam.
aging the property Of $4,000 persons
including $500 homes destroyed o,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-05-11
AzANA PRESIDENT
WITH OATH TODAY
Former Premier Second Ex-
ecutive of Second Span.
ish Republic.
~ the Associated Press.

xSy tAlC <AocoSi1tC6 EAGoos
MADRID, May 1I.-Manuel Azana.
abandoning active politics to accept
SPANS high post, became the second
President today of the second Spanish
republic.
The former premier was elected to
the presidency yesterday, 754 to 100,
in a quiet session of the Parliament
and presidential electors In the Crystal
Palace. He was the only candidate.
A simple inauguration ceremony was
arranged for later today, and the
presidential palace was made ready for
the new chief executive.
AZana, who assumed the premier
ship after the Leftist victory in the
February parliamentary elections, sue
ceeded Niceto Alcala Zamora as Presi-
dent after the first executive of the
republic was deposed by Parliament
on a charge of malfeasance.
Acting Premiership.
Minister of State Augusta Barcia y
Trelles, senior member of Azana's
cabinet, became acting premier to
serve until q new government may be
formed after the presidential inaugu-
ration.
Azana, IS years old, lawyer. ora
tor. playwright and one of SPANS
ablest politicians, promised firm 10y
atty to the principles of democracy
and steady devotion to the welfare Of
the republic under his presidency.
81 accept the honor conferred upon
me and will discharge my new obliga-
tons to the very best of my ability,
he said last night after an electoral
commission brought the announce
ment of his promotion to his small
apartment.
Stabilizing Influence.
The leader of the Left-Republican
party, obligated to give up active d.
rection of that strongest of SPANS
parliamentary groups to act as an i'm
partial President, was expected to
lend stabilizing influence to the ma
tons recently troubled politics. His
term runs until 1912. The only Incl
dent to enliven the convention was an
exchange of blows between two Leftist
members as an outgrowth of an al
legged reflection upon the character OF
one of them.
The convention bore all the ear
marks of a picnic. with delegates
sweltering under the glass roof Of the
large building. erected in 1885 for the
Philippine exposition. Members Of the
Cortes and an equal number Of electors
chosen by special election were privi-
legged to elect the new President.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-05-11
FIRST AID CLASS
Red Cross Chapter to Begin
Course Tomorrow.

A semi-weekly class on first aid win
be organized at 1880 am. tomorrow
by the District Red Gross chapter at
the Chapter House. 1880 z street, &C.
cording to announcements.
Meetings viii be held Tuesday and
Thursday mornings from 1880 TO IL
O'Clock for 9 period Of i've and q half
weeks. Organized at the request Of a
number Of Army and Navy officers
wives, classes viii be open to others
interested. A small fee to cover the
cost of text books and equipment viii
be charged.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-05-11

tional director, said In an address
today it sis not tnconoeivable that
they may In the course Of time
change the whole trend of world his
tory"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-05-11

Galena place. He leaves his wife,
Mrs. Mary Chmylko, who Is treasurer
of the Soroptimist Club.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-05-11

in December, 1922, and was promoted
to precinct detective January this
year. His home here was at 540l
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1936-09-04
There Amt No More Decent Livin'
in Prospectin', With Men a Messin'
Up the Gold; So Old Miner Quits

After nearly so years Of living the
life Of an early westerner, freighting,
trapping, cattle raising, and placer min
ing, the last Of a lost generation Of the
west, recently passed through Yellow
stone national park with his pack horse
and mule on the way to the home Of
q daughter to rest.
In 1879 A. j. Stanbery came to Lead
vile, Colo, as a freighter from Mont Mont
worked in Oklahoma territory. In 1860
he helped build the railroad over
Marshall Pass in Colorado turning to
cattle and horse ranching in the states
of Montana, Oregon and Colorado
after 1883.
Placer mining, his livelihood the last
eight years, had gradually become
poorer as more and more men entered
the field with the rise In the price OF
Finally the weight of rs years forced
the oldtimer to take his last long trip
from the valley Of the Snake river in
Idaho to southern Wyoming where a
daughter makes her home.
A few little grains of yellow washed
from some Idaho m~ountainStde gave
the old prospector the Is cents q day
he needed to buy his bread, potatoes
and bacon as he continued his trek
through the park on his way to Fort
Even Sagebrushers Stared
A day after entering the west gate
Of the park, dude and sagebrusher
gawked In turn ct the curious figure
With his two pack animals slowly
trudging past the CONF Of Old Faithful
geyser. Cameras were turned from the
geyser to snap the oldtimer who knew
his cameraworth.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1936-09-04
Rich Historical Heritage of Big Horn County
Spans Fur Trading Times to Custer Massacre

American railway union strike of 1894
In 1898 the Tenth went to Cuba, to-
win fame at Las Guasimas and San,
Juan Hill. After 1898 only a small.
guard remained at Fort Custer, and
In 1903 this fort, which had been de-
clared the finest cavalry post in the
world by visiting European army off,
GERS, was ordered dismantled. Much Of
the material from the fort vas used TO
erect buildings at Crow Agency. The
fireplace and chimney Of the home Of
the late Chief Plenty Coups at Pryor
came from Fort Custer. Today only q
bronze marker, placed by the Billings
chapter of the Daughters of the Ameri-
can Revolution, reminds the traveller
that Fort Custer once stood guard
upon the prairie.
Many reminders of Big Horn county
early days are contained in a public
museum in the library at Hardin.
Here may be seen the leather suit woFn
by General Custer in campaigns pre-
vious to the battle of the Little Big
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1936-09-04

two Harvard students, went through
the canyon a few years later. In 1914
five men are said to have lost their
lives shooting the rapids near the
mouth of Bull Elk canyon, one of the
main tributaries.
Several years ago Charles J. Belden,
famed photographer and manager of
the great Pitchfork ranch at Pitchfork,
Wyo., made a trip through the Big
Horn canyon and took both still and
motion pictures. The trip required six
days and Belden has the only motion
picture record of the beauties of the
canyon, pictures Of a virgin country of
fine gorges and lacy waterfalls which
has been seen by few.
On May 5, 1868, James StuartS party
of gold-seekers from Bannack reached
the mouth Of the Big Horn after miss
ing their rendezvous with the Edgar
Fairweather party in the Ruby valley.
Fate" says one writer, was in a
playful mood that spring, for the Ed
gar-F;airweather party, by missing the
rendezvous, had an encounter with In
dians which turned them Blackjack
to Alder gulch to make n of the
greatest gold discoveries of all time"
On May II the Stuart party encoun-
tered John M. Bozeman, John Jacobs
and Jacobs small daughter in the Up
per Big Horn country. Two days later
Indians attacked the Stuart party and
two men were killed, two MORALLY
wounded and several others less serious
ly hurt. Among the less seriously
wounded "a George Ives, who was
hanged by the Vigilantes seven months
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1936-09-04

years of the last century, made the re-
gion contained in Big Horn county his
headquarters. Arapooish was proud of
this country. When he met Robert
Campbell of the Rocky Mountain Fur
Co. he described the region in q glow
ing account which Campbell had trans
lated and which was included in Wash
ington Irving's celebrated saga of the
fur trade, The Adventures of Captain
Bonneville.
Some modern wag has declared that
Chief Arapooish would have made q
scribing his domain Arapooish said:
The Grow country is a good country.
The Great Spirit has put it in exactly
the right place. While you are In it you
fare well. Whenever you go out Of it,
whichever way you may travel, you fare
worse. Everything good is to be found
here. There is no country like the Crow
pooish do sound much like an excerpt
from a Billings real estate salesman's
sales talk, but they expressed the
Chiefs feeling for his beloved land.
Picturesque events and people were
honored in the naming Of several Big
Horn county points. Garryowen, a sta
miles slGh on so1 1nS o Of custer battiefield was vHs
named for the famous Garryowen bugle
call which was the battle song of Gus
ter's Seventh cavalry. Hardin, the
county seat, was named for Samuel
Hardin, prominent Montana and Wy
oming cattleman at the time of the
plating Of the townsite, May 81, 1907.
Pryor and the Pryor mountains were
named for the daring, dashing Sergeant
Pryor Of the Lewis and Clark expedi-
ton. Lodge Grass, in the Little Big
Horn valley, vas so named because Of
the abundant forage there, which lead
whites, to choose this site for summer
encampments while hunting buffalo.
Wyola was named because Of its prox-
unity to the MISUNDERSTANDING line.
On Jan. I, 1743-nearly SO years be-
fore Capt. william Clark camped at
the mouth Of the Big Horn on his re-
turn from the Pacific-the Chevalier
de Ia Verendrye, his brother, Louis
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1936-09-04

I'm they want to take my picture,
they outer be willin' to pay two-bits,
Tor you'll never see an outfit like this'n
Not that I haven't been flat broke
many time afOre this. The silver panic
Of 1908 broke me up in the cattle bust
ness: and this here depression put me
out in the cold on gold panning."
With this the one-time rancher and
proSpector brandiShed the double duty
frying pan used both for placer min
ing and frying bacon and potatoes.
Ranched and Trapped in State
"Once I had 500 head of beef on the
range. near Ray. Colo, and I've pros
pected, trapped and ranched in every
dern state In the Rockies from Old
ranching on the Flathead Indian res
ervation In Montana and running
horses near Baker City, Ore, I took
to prospecting and made as much as
$40 a day; but this here depression got
me. There amt no more decent living
from prospecting, and the trapping for
the last two winters near Montrose,
Colo, and on the Piute river in Idaho
warnt no good"
Guess I'm about done anyway, but
I got the best saddle horse, Buck, and
best dern mule in the west, Becky"
Eight years had seen the prospector
journey from Idaho to Old Mexico in
search OF gold which once provided him
q comfortable living. But he says with
the rise In the price Of gold, placer
mining has proved improbable lately
because depression-born prospectors
coming in 7droves have been "digging
and messing the gold up"
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1936-09-04

Horn. The suit was a gift to the mu-
from Clusters widow. Another in
teresting item is a Springfield rifle,
taken from one of Clusters men BY
Sun Bear, Cheyenne warrior, who kept
the firearm hidden until June is, 1927
81 years after the Custer massacre
and then presented it to the late
Thomas B. Marquis. The extra edition
Of the Bismarck, N. D., Tribune for
July 6, 1876, shows the first published
account of the humiliation Of Clusters
command. An OK yoke, nearly 10 years
old, reminds of the pioneer wagons On
the Bozeman trail and an old Indian
saddle, made of deer horns covered
with hide. shows that the Indians had
saddles before the coming Of the whites.
The saddle va picked up on the Crow
reservation.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1936-09-04
Region Was the Focal Point for Explorations;
Studded With Scenes of Trail Blazers Deeds

Joseph Verendrye and two other French
explorers from Montreal, after travel
ing for several months in a southwest
erly direction from Fort La Refine (near
what is now Winnipeg, sighted 3
range of shining mountains. Whether
these mountains were the Big Horns,
the Black Hills of South Dakota, or the
Wind river range of Wyoming, remains
a disputed point. Chevalier de Ia Yer
endrye, French nobleman and court
favorite Of old King Louis, was a scien-
fist and an accomplished map maker
but soon after leaving Montreal he
broke his instrument for determining
cling blind" His way led through I'M
charted terrain, across unnamed rivers,
among strange Indian tribes of whose
language he knew naught, and as a
result his journals are open to a wide
variety of interpretations as to Just
where he was on certain dates.
The records of Verendrye's journey
are now preserved in a Montreal o
vent and several historians have made
ersed the route supposedly taken by
the Verendryes over 100 years after
them, in IN effort to determine just
how far westward their explorations
carried them. Parkman, after careful
study. concluded the expedition reached
WQaC are now the Big horn mountains,
near the Montana-W Wyoming line.
Doane Robinson, former secretary Of
the Historical society of South Dakota,
also made a study Of the Verendrye
journals. He decided that the expedi-
ton did not get west of the Black Hills,
basing his conclusion on the length
Of time consumed by the expedition in
returning to Fort La Refine.
Charles e. DeLand, another South
Dakota historian, differed with both
Parkman and Robinson, and believed
the Verendryes traversed the south
eastern tip Of Montana along the Little
Missouri, and pushed as far west as
the present vicinity Of Casper, Wyo.
In 1905, Francis A. Laroque and two
companions are said to have accom-
panied a band of Crow Indians through
this region. The first well-authenticat.
ed exploration Of this region is that Of
Captain Clark, who camped at the
empties into the Yellowstone. early
Redoubtable John Golfer, honorably
expedition in 1905, returned to the
Lisa in 1907 and helped build the first
permanent" buildings in Montana
Fort Manuel, long since crumbled to
dust. After the fort was completed,
Golfer set out to the westward to adj
vertiSe the trading post among the In
dams. He was Montana'S first travelling
advertising man and from all accounts
he did a good job, for soon the Indians
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1936-09-04

later. Also among those saved was
Samuel T. HauSer, who lived to become
territorial governor in 1885. Good men
and bad travelled with the Stuart gold
Bostwick, who was among those wound
ed in the Indian attack, knew that he
would be a burden to his companions
in the wilderness in his wounded con-
dition and shot himself. Geery, who
was also wounded, did likewise. After
this series of tragedies the Stuart party
returned to the gold camps Of the
western part Of the territory.
In 1864 John Bozeman blazed his
famous trail across what is now south
ern Big Horn county, the trail he had
been seeking when he encountered the
Stuart party the year before. Fort F. c.
Smith was established in the Upper
Big Horn valley on the Bozeman trail
in 1866. In April, 1868, all troops were
withdrawn by order of the president
and in May the region was declared
the Crow Indian reservation and white
settlers were forbidden to take up land.
the stage for the greatest tragedy in
western history-the Custer massacre
in the battle of the Little Big Horn,
10 years later. The ruins of Fort F.. c..
Smith may still be seen neal the
mouth of Big Horn canyon. Just a few
adobe bricks remain. The site is reached
owe a graveled road from the village
of st. Xavier. Nearby is the site Of the
Hay Corral fight, in which three SOL
diers and seven civilians were killed by
Indians in 1867.
In 1877, as soon as possible after
the fateful battle of the Little Big
Horn, a fort was established near the
confluence of the Big Horn and the
Little Big Horn, three miles south of
the present site of Hardin. It was
general. The fort was erected by Lieut..
Col. George P. Buell. of the Eleventh
infantry, son of the heroic Maj. Gen.
Don Carlos Buell., commander of the
army of Ohio in the Civil war. The
establishment of Fort Custer served
to halt the depredations of the In
dams in this region and few outbreaks
occurred after 1877. The soldiers of
Fort Custer were therefore given much
leisure time to hunt, fish and explore.
Fort Custer days were happy days and
the fort kitchens were always well
stocked with venison, buffalo meat and
mountain trout. The soldiers of the
fort even went in for amateur the
atricals and it is recorded that they
presented Captain John Smith"
In 1884 the Second cavalry at Fort
Custer a replaced by the First cay
airy and in May, 1892, another change
took place when the fort was occupied
by the Tenth cavalry, negro troops from
the desert of Arizona, who arrived in
Montana in a roaring spring blizzard.
The Tenth was employed to guard the
railroads of Montana during the STIR
ring days of Coxey's Army and the
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1936-09-04
By WALTER ED TAYLOR

The present-day Big Horn county
is . region with q rich heritage Of
colorful history. Big things went on
there in other days and great men
took part. The county embraces
several points of great historical,
scenic and chronological interest, in
Guiding the Custer battlefield and
national cemetery; the Crow In
dian reservation; beautiful, little
Of two frontier army posts. The
steried Bozeman trail, over which
thousands of pioneers made their
laborious way to the gold fields
Of western Montana, traversed the
southern portion Of this e
The famous Chief Arapooish, head O.
he Crow Indian nation in the earl,
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1936-09-04
CANYON OF BIG HORN
RATES WITH COLORADO'S

Many Msmentos Of Stirring Days Are
Preserved At Hardin Library; Mate
rial From Dismantled Fort Custer
Is In Crow Agency Buildings.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1936-09-04

flocked down to Fort Manuel and the
fort carried on a trade which made
black eyes OF Manuel Lisa sparkle
with Joy. He called Golfer his "hombre
bueno." It was on this trip of adver-
Evening star., 1936-11-17
WELFARE ACTIVITY
TOLD BY DR.. MAY
Phases of Social Security
Work Are Told Monday
Evening Club.

Social welfare phases Of the social
security act and their administration
in the nation and the District were
presented last night to the Monday
Evening Club at It's regular meeting
in the Y. w. c. A. Building.
Provisions Of the act for old-ase
pensions and aid to the blind and
dependent children were outlined by
DR.. Geoffrey May. chief of the
Division of Plans and Grants In the
Bureau of Public Assistance, Social
Security Board.
Costs Since February.
Since February, he said, the Sc
curity Board has expended $50 o,oo0,-
600 Of its s135, 100000 appropriation
to match State funds for aid Of the
aged. blind and Of dependent chill
dren.
Other speakers on the program
were Miss Edith lockwood Of the
Children's Bureau. who discussed
public assistance phases Of the act In
the Nation; Miss May o. Hanktns
and Miss Medora Donohue of the
Bureau OF Public Welfare, and Dl-
rector Of Public Welfare Elvood
Street, who spoke for his assistant,
Paul L. Kirby, who was unable to
appear.
Determining Eligibility.
Miss Hankins said the eligibility
Of persons for old-age benefits was
determined by marriage licenses or
divorce papers. family Bibles. census
figures. insurance policies and birth
certificates. Marriage and divorce
papers account for "a per cent Of
the cases, birth certificates for only
per cent
Miss Donohue described the project
in Northeast Washington for devel-
opment of neighborhood resources to
aid dependent, delinquent and neg
lected children.
Street explained how the District
government had discovered a pro-
vision Of the social security act under
which the District was able to secure
s25,000 for services to crippled chill
dren and match it with a like sum
Of District funds.
Evening star., 1936-11-17
Marriage Licenses.

John H. Goss, Al. Columbus Ohio, and
Marie Rachel; 2s. Shreveport. La, Rev.
Leon W. Stern. 81. 1e37Ia Linden st. ne.
and Hattie L. Run, 1a. sos 10th st.
ne; judge R: z. Mattinsly.
Emma G. Blake. 20. 4le A st. ne; Rev.
Robert S.Itr NJ Jsebson; bx 90; Dodge Hotel and
Apartments; Rev, A. j, Mccarthy. A"''
Robert J. Beatty. 81. Chesterfield County,
Va and Lillian R. Smith; 81 Highland
Va: and Helen NJ Doris. IS, Norfolk.
Simon A Blechman. So and Rose spector
is, both OF Baltimore: Rev J. T. Loco
Charles ?. Sullivan. 40. Harrisonburg. Va
an9 s. G0es'fnSe he ReT \ n M MsNiEnra aaen a4 4oS
Thorvald s. Patterson. .. 400 Anacostia
ave. Sc and Adele c. Dreslin. 90.
252o Burns st. Sc; Rev. Charles Lang
oscar W. SNYDER. ~. Alexandra. Va. and
Anna NJ Sanford. A., 5l6 10th St. Sc:
FuIniss L. ParneI. y Lanear. S. C.. and
Mary e. Dove; IS, Monroe, N, c. Rev.
William NJ, Elliott, %, New York City.
ana Gladys Hall l9. Gainesville. Ga;
Rev. A =. Poore.
Albert P Mccsoe. 25. AIS goth St. and
Frederick Il. Arnold. 80 Richmond. and
Violet Wilson; %. 174o Euclid ST.;
Desssr Esg s er.sa' E ssn'k q. IS Myrtl. st. ne,
and; nad R.H, Nstfis RuFP Fyl.3 20 4s Myrtle St
Claude q Emefsy 25 41os Illinois ave.
s.Nd.E and Ellen scX!aHd % 1905 CRIT
Chamberlain s. Cotton. IS, 540s sth st.
and Marie c. Harrington 23. 4443 Con-
EdssT c. Zane, Is, New .YY99Tk Y9Tk CITY, ana
St: judge R E. Mattinsly.
Everett s and san.s aa.sns e watson 80 1888 3 c stTsEs s
ST.. ST., Re Rev. A !. Mccartney' gn,; 90 'O' 81"
Philip W Clarke. 25. Danielson. Conn.
and Violet NJ Metts, 20 strssburr.
jacob s H. TX Kline ne "a. NGs1H Cincinnati Ohio and
Matilda r. Smith. 50. Santa Barbara.
Calf: Judge r. E. Mattingly.
Edgar M. Garrett, 40. and Edith Y. Truitt.
40 both Of Richmond Rev j. Z Brisss.
Carl c. Norousst - 221t shannon pl.
m sth St. and ne MfSy Rev s 4 EAnSfiiS Sichol.s go eSl
Wyman Barton. Il, and Elsie Drigsers,
10. both of s13 I st; Rev. H. NJ. Hem
EdSaIf B9ss' 5os 0f sna hui,y T. N.T A:T
Hes.kish e e Roper: Roper % eos s St. and o.or-
gia Robinson. rs, 1242 Girard St;
joins Rev q E. ssuEs s. smith; ~, Aya.n N. c. and
Rev. A. P. Shirley;
Robert Q: Decker 90 III 18th St Sc.
Md; Rev William Harris
and Virginia A: Collier. "a, 611 Ham
cranaison ilrSn sa RsH Allan s9sm'p fsG1 st. and
Rev. N. W, Hyi.. LAC