davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1936-12-03
Forces Creating War
True Role for America Will Be to Defend System of
Democracy, Observer Declares

the rest Of the world. BY pr6paganda,
by subsidy. by secret agents, by force
where feasible, they determined to
overthrow the old system Of society
wherever 1t existed. Their agents, and
their money began operations in prac-
tically every country, including the
United States.
In one country, Italy, communism
made material progress-not enough
to set up that system of society, but
enough to bring about paralysis and
apprehension. At that point emerged
Mussolini. with another new concep-
ton Of society, fascism. Fascism arose
~ means Of combating communism.
as an Offset to communism. The out
standing characteristics Of fascism,
distinguishing 1t from communism. Is
that fascism permits private ownership
Of business and profit. though under
rigid state control.
Communism in Germany.
In Germany, somewhat the same
thing took place. Communism made
certain amount of progress. Thereupon
the persons and forces opposed to COM
munism set up Naziism, which Ia q
form of fascism
In Spain, the course OF events had
much similarity to the course in Italy
and Germany. Communism made q
certain amount Of progress. Thereupon
fascism sprung up as an antidote, and
in the ensuing civil war. Russia gave
aid to communism, Italy and Germany
to fascism.
In all this, the development follows
a common pattern. In q given coun-
try. an attempt Is made to introduce
communism. Thereupon the forces op-
posed, the property owners large and
small, the adherents of religion, the
army and the other forces Of order,
set up fascism.
In the most recent development
Germany and Japan. both having the
Fascist ideal, entered into q compact
which gives as its reason the threat
Of communism.
Whether all this portends q world
conflict between opposing ideas about
government and society, is a matter of
judgment. If war should come. many
individuals in America will take sides.
This taking sides by individuals and
groups constitutes the chief danger
of our becoming involved. When Will
son. Immediately after the beginning
Of the World War, on August 19, 1914.
coulnseled Americans to be impartial
in thought as well as in action" he
did fine thing but vain one. Hardly
one American in a hundred remained
neutral in thought. and it was the
aggregate Of individual emotion hos
tile to Germany that mainly took us
into the conflict.
Yet it would be both sad and un-
discriminating for Americans TO take
sides as between communism and
fascism In operation, there is, 10
Americans. almost literally no choice
between them. True. in principle.
! Fascism in the beginning preserves
! the right Of private ownership of
business, but that soon begins to be
/ limited. as II now is in Fascist Italy
and Fascist Germany. Ultimately it
will probably disappear. True. also
fascism differs from communism in
that it does not in the beginning seek
to exterminate religion: but Fascist
Germany asserts control over all re-
lision, and practices hostility to much
Of it.
Both fascism and communism
Evening star., 1936-12-03
nan the yardarms during the coming

which yardarms during coming
constitutional hurricane.
For this there
administrative in Washington to persuade the President
coming medses for Federal reorganization to make
mans
The political that
that they
and aland
succeeded and entitled to their
argument
that the buess the New Deal against future
reaction appoint with
condition the Government itself against future changes
honest Of the
with the problems Of the vacuum tube and the
Moreover to but8 itself.
needed In the view Of observers world affairs
fascinated
and Nasm We wonder it because of their
Rubbish!
they
Similarly democratic died
defects democratic
mens England America by
old and for old
The proposal therefore, to begin ,rh the Federal judiciary
body which fortunately wH
IN the merit four yearsby appointing Federal
OF or at the most 40 There plenty inteH
gent and honorable
Of American Government. Why
rn-out party hacks defeated Senators
succeafM politicians eligible for the bench?
Evening star., 1936-12-03

practice dictatorship as q form Of
government. Both have q broad fun
damental principle repugnant to
American thought, the principle that
the government has unlimited power
Of compulsion over the individual. that
individuals and minorities have no
rights which government need respect
Both deny democracy.
The true role for America-it will
be much needed-will be 10 defend
democracy against both. As Mr.
Roosevelt put it at Buenos Aires. wal
can best be prevented through the
strengthening Of the processes Of con-
stitutional democratic government"
(CopyrlEht, 1861
Evening star., 1936-12-03

perhaps with not all his phrases as
well balanced and as dramatic as the
address of Lincoln. but no speech OF
an American President ever was dedi-
Gated to . loftier purpose or to .
greater concept Of human rights.
Those of use who have for many
years been supporting the philosophy
that the depression's disorders and
social disturbances can best be cured
by the revival Of world intercourse
and the exchange Of goods will de-
rive peculiar satisfaction that Mr..
Roosevelt has expressed himself so
forcefully against the self-contain-
ment school Of thought. the exponents
Of economic nationalism.
The welfare and prosperity Of each
OF our nations" says Mr.. Roosevelt,
depends In large part on the benefits
derived from commerce among them
selves and with other nations, for our
present civilization rests on the basis
Of an international exchange of COM
modities ..
F6hlluk StaHu2IuS OIt6O.
"It is no accident that attempts
10 be self-suf1icient have led to falling
standards for their people and to ever
increasing loss Of the democratic ideals
IN a mad race to pile armament on
armament"
Mr.. Roosevelt has described the road
30 fascism with telling accuracy and
he has appealed for liberal trade poll
cies in line with the reciprocity treaties
negotiated by Secretary Hull as a
beacon in a storm of economic mad
ness which has been sweeping over the
entire world during these later years"
The Buenos Aires speech Of the
President Is tremendously significant
from a domestic point of view. Mr..
Roosevelt has accepted Fundamentally
the doctrine of his great Secretary of
State, Cordell Hull. who has insisted
that economic nationalism means reg
imenta ton, higher trade barriers. reg
ulation OF the life of the individual
and regulation by the state of all en-
terprise.
Opposing Forces Pull.
There have been trends and tenden-
eies in the New Deal that imply
rationing Of employment within our
boyders and domestic allotment pol
Icy of seH-sufficiency. but 1t Is charac-
teristic Of the New Deal that the
forces in it are often opposite
Many times during his speech the
President spoke of democratic proc
esses''
No clearer statement Of the dilem-
ma Of the United States at the mo-
ment has been made. No better de-
scription of the opposite forces that
are contending for mastery Of New
Deal policies and programs could be
given.
Money Troubles Breed Fascism.
But there is . larger cause of So
cial discomfort and internal disturb
ance than just the absence of
social justice. It is the desperate
plight produced by unbalanced budg-
cts. Thus Germany today owes her
Evening star., 1936-12-03
Headline Folk
and What
They Do
Jimmy Savo Once Sold
Papers at Theater
in Bowery.
in Bowery.
BY LEMUEL F. PARTON.

7 IMMY SAvO used to balance q
stove or bedstead on his nose.
Now he balances feather, with
even greater histrionic success.
He said he had learned that the i'm
portant thing was not 50 much. what
you did as how you did it. European
gun balancers please note.
Quite unbalanced and unmeasured
are some of the critical tributes to
"Gabbo the Great" the pathetic little
clown of the Russian postwar up
heaval, as portrayed by Mr.. Savo In
his filnn, -Once in a Blue Moon" Just
now opening in New York. After %
years on the stage, Americas leading
"dead-pan" comic ambles into the
Commedia dell Arte, along with other
great pantomimists, such as Harlequin
and Truffaldino. The modern world
hungers for the ancient and inefiable
spoof1ng Of great witness
Chaplin: Rudolph Won Laban and
Mary Wigman and the "Neue Tanz-
buhne" in Germany-and now Savo.
The film Is its gorgeous new medium.
Sold Papers Around Thezter.
Jimmy's life story would film nicely,
with little screen artiflce. At the age
Of 8, tiny lad with an ankle-length
sweater, he sold papers around Miners
Theatef on the Bowery. He danced
TO keep warm and soon found 1t
brought him pennies. He put on line
nf ginntnO onH fInnlinn fntk
was an Italian shoemaker, the family
name being Sava. Jimmy sifted ashes
to help keep the family in coal.
1t was as juggler that he began
to win prizes at amateur nights.
Picking up a coin here and there, he
pieced out the family income At the
age Of 10, solemn. wan. big-eyed
little boy in baggy pants. he stood at
the Fall River dock in a drizzle Of cold
rain. Around him was a pile of strange
boxes and bundles. There was o hat
box with six trick derbies in II, a
sheath of billiard cues and an ac-
Gordon suit case tied up with rope.
Jimmy Savo was on the way to New
Bedford to begin his stage career.
Missed Elevated.
In 1881 he retired to his walnut
grove in California. He was sad.
One of the deep, throbbing motiva-
tions Of his life and genius was miss
ing II was the roar Of the elevated
railroad Now he's back under 1t. and
happy again.
A few months ago sat across the
table from Mr.. Savo at New York
club luncheon. His Is sad face, like
that of most inspired clowns. He Is
Punchinello who probably never will
become deliberately intellectualized.
as did the later Chaplin. Which seems
to confirm the integrity Of his genius
as genuine, I thought, as I saw him
put on his act at the club as the
humble offering to Our Lady by the
juggler Of Notre Dame
(copyrisht. 1850
Evening star., 1936-12-03

Fascism to the break down Of ner
currency in 1928, with an imitation
that swept property values aside and
left the people impoverished. Under
such burdens they became progress
sively more desperate and found the
world less and less sympathetic as
they strove to find way to build
up export trade.
To keep spending extremists from
driving America along paths OF fiscal
uncertainty to a dangerous imitation
is the challenge to a deficit-running
administration, and when Mr.. Roose-
welt comes home he will find the Ma
Evening star., 1936-12-03

the discussion. two main points of view
emerge as to just what Is going on and
what may be ahead.
The opinion most prevailing is that
the world is seeing Q conflict of ideas
q war between two conceptions of So
ciety, fascism and communism-with
Russia representing communism, while
Germany, Italy and Japan represent
fascism. In . war Of ideas nations
cease to be primarily nations and be-
come adherents to cause. Such q wal
would have somewhat the nature OF
the old religious wars, in which one
group Of nations fought another group
over an issue Of religion. A war BE-
tween ideas is an especially dreadful
struggle IS we see today in Spain.
A smaller but very intelligent body OF
opinion says that what is brewing il
not war Of ideas at all, that COM
munism and fascism are merely con.
venient beliefs and slogans which the
heads Of nations make use of to stir
up martial emotion. According to this
view Germany in its deepest instincts
is not primarily Fascist. it is primarily
German; Russia is not primarily Com.
munist, it Is primarily Russian. This
line Of thought says that what Is brew.
ing is merely an old-fashioned war oi
conquest-Germany wants territory tc
the east of her now belonging to Rus.
sia; Mussolini wants to set up a new
Roman Empire by seizing territory
wherever he can: Japan wants part.
Of Russia's Asiatic territory and o!
China.
War Forces Deep.
For each of these views there 1.
much to say. So deep are the force.
which have been set loose that people.
and even the dictators themselves dt
not fully understand the motives tina,
lead them. the forces that drive them
Light on the present stage Of develop
ment may be procured by considering
the stages that preceded.
The starting point is October. 1917
That month and year is probably tn,
true beginning of the era in which W,
now live, more so than the openint
of the great war in 1914 or its endint
in 1918.
In 1917, in Russia, little group o
men. taking advantage Of chaos tina
existed there, carried that'country int,
communism, . form Of society an,
government utterly new. OF commun
ism, the principal distinguishing char
acteristic is denial Of private ownership
Of business and Of profit.
Immediately after the Communis
leaders had set up their system il
Russia, they set out to impose it OIL
Evening star., 1936-12-03

lions In Europe
which seem to
portend q war
that would in
volve the whole Of
the world outside
America.
These gestures
toward war in Eu-
rope and Asia are,
Of course, the oc-
casion for intent
consideration by
American leaders
Of thought and In
military and Dip
lomatic circles in
Washington. In
Evening star., 1936-12-03
To Tax for Exhibition.

That loss Of not less than s2,500,-
900 and possibly s3,750,ooo will be
sustained by the Empire Exhibition
at johannesburg. South Africa. Is the
prediction Of d. w. Pringle, city
treasurer Of Capetown. who says Jo-
hannesburg may have to levy . special
tax TO make up the deficit.
Evening star., 1936-12-03
News Behind the News
Debt Settlement Talk Runs Into Political Tsboos
of cny ctsud;no
Of Long Standing.
ny PAUL MALLON,

CITING STATE SECRETARY MOORE romped upon the French
feelers debt settlement with
diplomats cuscmary employ There
\ q
Mr. Moore sentlemsn old congressional school which
political
teaching President could
him. voted against original debt
prevailing congregational practical
country baepc ched
they I'D payin1 Degrees
atesmsn Uould not the
had something Of benefit
that not illogical assumption They France
posbN Britain wouM like to torm around the United States
constitutional governments against dicaor
they any that either
riding of his recent electoral probably
Evening star., 1936-12-03
We, the People
Young Men in New Deal Insist Roosevelt Use Them
in Filling Positions.
ny JAY FRANKLIN.

RESIGNATION Of Rex Tugwn has revealed The secret crisis Of The
crisis Of personnel Scarcely day but
able ambitious young mangeneraly well down in the al
political stakes
himself recognizable relationship between
achievement While Roosevelt doing
hundred designations
Evening star., 1936-12-03
on
Spending Is
Supplied
Roosevelt's Speech for
Democracy Cited as
Reason for Curb.
BY DAVID LAWRENCE.

BY DAVID LAWRENCE.
~OMETTMES in the age In which
men live their words are not
appreciated in true significance,
- but history long afterwards
makes the final appraisal. Thus may
Il be said Of President Roosevelt's
speech at Buenos Aires that some day
Evening star., 1936-12-03

the historians
WI proclaim 1t
IS the finest
speech On peace
nd democracy
that has com e
from IN Ameri-
can Pre- siden t
since the i'm
mortal address Of
President Lincoln
ct Gettysburg.
The difference
Is. to be sur e,
that Mr.. Roose-
velt spoke to the
whole world as an
or,Hinnce an d
Evening star., 1936-12-03

The second step is to begin filling
the vacancies in the higher admin
istrative positions with young men,
particularly with the young men
who are already on the spot, who
know the ropes and have stayed
the full distance of the first New
Deal administration.
Both of these decisions will be
hard for Roosevelt to make He Is
very much of a traditionalist and
Evening star., 1936-12-03

ton even more eager to see his Buenos
Aires speech applied concretely to
the domestic problems Of the day.
tCopyright, 1851
Evening star., 1936-12-03

public anything since he has been
until he announced himself the other
. which
habuauy represive Garner longer stand.
history that the
Vice Raybun Speaker At the
denied the parties
will confirm
What happened the clear but
Garner kept late Byrns
An excellent guess then that pres
informed
burn could not will happen again.
Some Endorsement of Rayburn was matter OF per-
CHICAGO Also he gomd Raybun fight by helping him into
Speaker Bureau during the last
paen after Senator selected for the job
A conclusive tip the administration stands hon.
PennsJtudntd
DELEGATION supposed before its grand actory od
onioht public Rayburn wond furnish Just dooat
proof OF what the White House wants
friendly Raybun indicates al but
two of delegation swing to him
leadership nehts They usually
Of hnchmen to
40 honor and anuAr
Evening star., 1936-12-03

HE opinions OF the criters this page their
necessarily The Stars opinions presented tn
The Stars effort all sides questions
readers although such opinions may be contradictory among
Themselves and directly opposed to Tho Stars
Evening star., 1936-12-03

cessfully combat them If he chose to.
Consequently, you need not lie
awake In expectation Of any debt
settlement or any alignment Of con-
stitutional governments.
Note-No authority here be.
lieves France will make an accept
able offer or that serious negotia-
tions will be undertaken, although
some sort of token payments for
December IS may develop out Of the
~rarapt c{tno fion
Evening star., 1936-12-03
Garfnckel Closed on Dec. 26.

Julius Garfinckel & Co.. 2 street at
Fourteenth, will remain closed the day
after Christmas, 1t was announced
today.
Evening star., 1936-12-03

OConnor defeated would retain Craftsmanship OF the
Rules Committee
a bodysuad to the President He
strong a unsehsh devoee
haze often heard OF loyal subjects uho woud be glad
lres their leader but not haze seen
Perhaps there dozen around here who
Would hdUe glad to do
his job He dlUay thrust his barrel
front whtch might
glored it, He
permit else to do it.
Inside White House he the unofhcia ruler OF the secret
service the family including the children watchfu
which recorded everything reported Others will take his but
replace him.
passing President
ouh
January nationally known service
a salary reputed o $40 900 per
Evening star., 1936-12-03

preerring age
Of energetic his and unless he able
a
stands about chance a
Copyrsh
Evening star., 1936-12-03

johnson, announced: Reform
without the ofiices Is worthless!"
The New Deal measures-devolv-
ing, as they do. so much power on
the executive branch Of govern
ment-can scarcely succeed with.
out the young men who fought,
bled and conquered for Roosevelt
and reform. Unless 2. d. r. Is very
careful, when he returns from
Buenos Aires he may find nothing
Evening star., 1936-12-03
BY MARK SULLIVAN.

NRESIDENT ROOSEVELTS ad-
- dress at Buenos Aires Is . step
to safeguard the United States
a and the whole American con-
tinent from infection bv war on the
continents of Europe and Asia. 1t
takes account of the almost daily ac.
Evening star., 1936-12-03

pOrtant posts OF nOnOr anu po"cr
in the House. This time the deal
ing has just begun, 50 it is impos-
sible to tell just what will come out
Of 1t.
However. Guffey might reason
ably expect to get the selection Of
a whip of the House; Representa-
tive Lea Of California would natur-
ally be chosen to succeed Rayburn
as chairman Of the Interstate Com
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-02-21
Swanson Recovering.

The most optimistic report in more
than week on the condition Of Sec
rotary Swanson, i'll of pleurisy and a
fractured rib, came today from Naval
Hospital.
Capt. George c. Thomas, comman-
dant, said the Navy chief has been i'm
proving continuously" for several
days. He is getting along fine" and
should recover unless something now
unforeseen develops, Thomas added.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-02-21
ROOSEVELT TURNS
THUMBS DOWN ON
IVA. OF POTOMAC
Opposes Proposal Because
|. He Believes Area Is
Too Small.
EXPLAINS OVERHEAD
WOULD BE TOO GREAT
Rankin, Author of Bill, Says He
Would Be Willing to Con-
slider Amendments.

President Roosevelt today turned
thumbs down on Potomac River
Valley Authority. fashioned on the
lines Of the T. V. A., which is the
main feature of bill introduced in
the House yesterday by Representa-
tive Rankin, of Mississippi.
Mr.. Roosevelt made it plain that
he would oppose the plan principally
because he does not think the
Potomac Valley area is sufficiently
large to warrant separate electric
power authority on the part of the
Federal Government
The President also intimated that
at the present he does not favor a
multiplicity of these power authorities
scattered about rivers throughout the
country. He explained that the over
head cost would be too great for an
authority of this kind in an area as
small as the Potomac Valley.
Has Studied Subject.
Mr.. Roosevelt made it evident that
he has given considerable previous
thought to this subject, as well as to
the proposed parkway development
and scenic treatment along the Poto-
mac, at least from Mount Vernon to
Great Falls.
In this connection, the President rec
called that already the Governments
planning includes at least three fea.
lures which are included in the RAM
kin venture. The first of these is the
extension and further development
of the highway and parking system
between Mount Vernon and Great
Falls The second feature is the de-
velopment OF superhighway from
Great Falls to Gettysburg, Pa, which
is aimed to serve as highway con.
Meeting the Gettysburg battlefield with
Washington and Mount Vernon.
He said that a commission already
is working on preliminary plans for
this. The third feature, the President
said, calls for the revamping of the old
National Highway up the Potomac to
Cumberland. This, along with the
other tentative plans, have in mind
the provision for connecting links be.
tween this park area and the Blue
Ridge trails and the Great Smoky
Park system farther South, and even-
tually provision to make a connecting
link with the Bear Mountain Highway
park system in New York State and
the Berkshire Mountains in New Eng
land.
Rankin Denies Conflict.
After being informed of the Presi-
dents view, Rankin issued statement
in which he said there is no conflict
between the administration attitude
and his on the power question, and that
he would be willing to consider any
amendment to make his bill conform
to the administration wishes.
The statement also declared that
electricity consumers in the District,
Maryland, West Virginia and Della
ware are overcharged S24,O0O,000 a
year and that the people of Virginia
are overcharged more than 100000
(see POTOMAC-T.V.A., Page So