davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1936-10-19

Across.
I. Pure.
2. Marine bivalve.
3. To aver.
4. Renews fermentation.
S. Constitutionally.
6. A lake.
Z. Skin.
8. To bend.
9. Costly.
10. Reserved.
IL. vanishes.
IL. To pinch.
13. To snare.
IA. Dolt.
! 20. To attach firmly.
%. Foundation for q machine.
"a. Clique.
Is. Girdle.
| 26. Greek war god.
90. Amongst.
80. Dry.
Jz. VenOmOuS SplQer.
33. Uncanny.
"a. italian house.
IS. State Of bliss.
36. Was borne on.
81. To spoil.
80. To weaken.
Al. To plead.
a. To refer.
43. To strip the skin from q whale.
a. Proved.
48. Cubes.
| so. Clues.
81. Base ball team.
81. Perched.
So. Little pocket
81. Sufix denoting qualities.
SIS. Crude.
56. Mire.
Evening star., 1936-10-19
Growing Without Soil.

Science and agricultural specialists
are experimenting with heated nutri-
ent solutions for raising plants on
q commercial scale in California. The
odd part of the experiments lies in
the almost complete control Of grow
ing conditions which they suggest.
Soil, climate and irrigation have been
factors over which producers have
had no control, except small one in
irrigation facilities. Plants respond
quickly to water culture, as, for in.
stance, the sweet potato vine In the
glass jar on the window ledge.
Evening star., 1936-10-19

Across.
I. Small round trays.
9. Chaperon.
Is. Wild excitement.
is. Begrudges.
II. Shamming.
10. Modifies.
1s. Hobbled.
20. Small bird.
21. Pithy.
"a. To exist.
%. A holy city.
a. Sooner than.
az. Demolished.
81. Canadian physician.
80. Subdued.
80. Inclose.
"a. Relating to pottery.
81. Feels indignant at.
80. Idolized.
80. Classified.
40. Inclosed automobile.
d. Sylvan demigod.
a. Astern.
Is. About.
Is. Akoft.
a. To muddle.
40. To capture.
81. Those born locally.
So. Flat piece Of wood.
Sc. Feminine name.
81. Vocally.
80. Creation.
30. Side paths.
so. Loathed.
Evening star., 1936-08-21

some unknown reason, are very vigor-
Gus. Some old medicine man probably
invented the rain-drawing legend to
get his people to plant the seeds which
gave the most abundant ears. White
and yellow ears are looked upon with
considerable disdain as food for sis
sizes.
The origin Of the Navajo's black
corn is the subject Of considerable de-
bate. The tribe, it is known, first
entered the country as a predatory
people who raised nothing. but lived
by raids upon the peaceful. agricultural
Pueblo Indians who dwelt around
them. The Pueolos had been raising
corn for 1000 years. It was Of q
rather inferior grade when the first
white men came into the country with
ears no longer than the length of ones
hand and with small kernels. Many
stores of such corn have been found
in Pueblo ruins. The ears were Of
various colors. including some which
were close to blue. These caught the
eyes Of the raiding Navajos. They took
some of them back into the hills and
consistently, generation after genera
ton, selected the blackest kernels for
planting. Later on some idea Of
pseudo-scientific plant breeding may
have been introduced among them, as
it was among the Pueblos. by the
Spanish padres. Even today the
Navajos make careful selection of their
blackest ears each year for their prize
specimens, for the black corn does not
come entirely true to type and soon
would revert to all sorts of colors II
left alone. The Pueblos also have oc-
Evening star., 1936-08-21

are planted haphazardly. but every
woman knows her own hills and there
seldom is any dispute about the har-
vesting. The field never is regarded
as communal, in any strict sense Of
the word. A good crop one year
usually means no crop at all the next,
because the Navajo never can see the
value Of labor If there is enough to
eat. The woman with the 7O-bushel-
per-acre crop last year was urged by
the extension agents to plant the same
field again. The crop was 50 phe-
nomenal that they wanted to see if it
would repeat. She Indignantly refused
to plant any at all. She had enough
stored in her hogun to last for three
Winters. It seemed incomprehensible
Stiffness to clutter up the place with
any more while this remained.
Corn Not Money Crop.
The corn, Of course. never Is q
money crop with the Navajos. The
only reason for raising it Is to eat it.
Their entire diet consists Of corn,
beans and mutton or goat flesh. When
the corn is husked the women select
the prettiest-colored ears and hang
them on strings about the hoguns as
decorations-about the only esthetic
touch in their homes. The place Of
honor always Is reserved for q few
red-and-blue speckled ears, which al
ways are saved for seed. A few hills
of such seeds are supposed to bring
rain to the entire field. Actually, say
the extension agents, originally there
probably was some basis for this Su-
perstition. The speckled seeds, for
Evening star., 1936-08-21

casional black ears, but pay no special
attention to them.
The Navajo women, except in cases
where family life has been modernzed
do all the work Of planting, cultivat-
ing and reaping the corn. But when
1t Is harvested it belongs to them.
theoretically the men can use 1t only
with the permission Of their wives.
This may not obtain in actual prac-
tice, but when q Navajo man was
asked for one Of the black ears he
had been displaying proudly. he could
only look questioningly at his wife for
her nod Of approval.
Just what Navajo man does, ex-
cept tinker with his broken-down,
secondhand car or work on Govern
ment projects, is difncult to discover,
because, under the ancient economy of
the people. the sheep and their wool
also are the exclusive property and
responsibility Of the women. They
usually are tended by the children, but
the women, shear. card, spin and weave
the wool and trade the finished prod
uct for groceries. The horses are the
responsibility Of the men-a holdover
from the old days Of raiding.
(Copyright. 1885. BY The Evening Star
Newspaper Coz
Evening star., 1936-08-21
BY THOMAS r. HENRY,
STAFF Correspondent of The Star.

w WINDOW ROCK, Ariz., Au-
M gust 21.-The pride of the
Wv Navajo farmer Is coal black
Blue, lavender, red, speckled, cerise
and golden corn ears are well enough
for corn meal and ordinary eating
but for a real feast they must be Jet
black. This unique product Of Indian
agriculture is believed to be the re-
suit of primitive breeding experiments
extending into an unknown antiquity.
Every year the Navajo woman, who
carries on all the farm activities, Sc
lects her blacklist ears for seed.
Regardless of color, this Navajo corn
Is remarkable. 1t covers the whole
range Of the rainbow, exclusive of
green. Ears IS to II inches long are
by no means rare. On what appears
to be the most unpromising scrt of
mountain soil, irrigated by diverted
flood waters, crops of from 80 to 40
bushels to the acre are not unusual.
The most successful yield last year
was about 10 bushels to the acre for q
5-acre tract. This Is as good as Is
achieved in the corn belt with tho
best products of the plant breeders.
Grows 2 Feet High.
This corn never grows more than 2
feet high. The ears almost grow out
OF the ground. Under the Navajo
method Of husbandry the crop is sell
dom a failure, even with the badly de-
Perforated land in dry year. and the
Indian woman laughs scornfully at the
advice Of agricultural extension agents.
The method of planting seems very
wasteful, until one has seen the re-
suits. Thirty or forty kernels are
planted in a single hill, in contrast to
the four or five planted by white farm
ers. Most of them send up stalks.
The seeds are planted as much as
feet deep, instead Of the customary 3
or 4 inches. Sometimes the Navajo
woman will push her planting stick
right through sandhill a foot or more
thick and deposit the seeds in the
black soil underneath. The sprouts
have q marvellous capacity to push
their way to the top. When approved
seed corn was introduced by an Indian
agent a few years ago the Navajoes
accepted it grudgingly and suffered a
hungry year because there happened
to be a bad drought and the white
mans product was q miserable failure
All efforts to improve upon the Indian
system have been failures because this
has been adapted to the environment
through countless years of success and
failure, which eliminated the unfit.
Sometimes the land is plowed. Often
the corn seed simply is placed In holes
without any effort to turn over the sod.
The hills are 4 or feet apart. Sell
dom is the same field used two years in
succession. Looking casually at an
Indian cornfield one would say the
crop was dismal failure, because the
big ears under the low stalks are hid
den. Little effort is made to keep a
patch free of weeds.
A Navajo corn patch may cover two
or three acres. but different women
own different hills. These, seemingly,
Evening star., 1936-08-21
KNOX MADE member
OF CAMPAIGN CLUB
Vice Presidential Nominee Re.
ceives Honor After Hagers-
town Speech.

At the conclusion Of the speech Of
Col. Frank Knox at Hagerstown. Nd,
"wednesday night, the colonel became
an honorary member Of the District
of Columbia Landon and Knox Cam
paign Club.
Among other honorary members are
Gov. Landon and John Hamilton.
chairman Of the national committee,
who accepted membership at the noti-
fication ceremonies in Topeka last
month. The presentation was made
in behalf Of Paul e. Lesh, president
of the Landon and Knox Campaign
Club, and Miss Reeves, secretary Of
the club, by Fred Linton. executive
secretary Of the campaign club.
Present for the presentation was q
delegation from the club headed by
James c. wilkes, chairman for the
Republicans Of Maryland and the Dis
trict Of Columbia. Joseph Mccoy,
an executive of the national commit
tee was also In the delegation.
Col. Knox, in accepting member
ship, expressed his appreciation and
charged the Republican State Com
mittee for the District Of Columbia
Evening star., 1936-08-21

Charleston, q. O., died here yesterday
while visiting her sister, Mrs. J. r.
Fletcher. Miss Anderson had been a
telegraph operator for the Seaboard
Air Line Railroad since 1904.
Evening star., 1936-08-21
Examine Sea Monster.

To examine sea monster, 46 feet
long and having t,isks projecting IL
feet. which nobody can identify. Dutch
and British naturalists were dispatched
from Singapore. Malaga, to Pulu Is
lands, AZ miles away. where the crea.
ture was landed by q Malay fisherman.
Evening star., 1936-08-21

with the duty Of broadcasting through
out the nation the picture Of the
extravaganza Of the New Deal acti-
vities centered In Washington.
Evening star., 1936-08-21

Fine paintings made by bushmen
have been found near Swellendam,
South Africa.
Evening star., 1936-08-21

Ninety tons Of gold were mined in
Russia in the first half of this year.
Evening star., 1936-08-21

Woman Telegrapher Dies.
JACKSONVILLE. Fla, August 2l
@.-Miss Georgis Anderson, IS, Of
Imperial Valley press., 1936-05-17

Sented.
The following numbers viii mi
clude a trumpet solo by Bill Moodyl
an address on Americanism bs|
Glenn Kieffer, commander of Boycd
Aten post; a song by the higf|
school double trio; the recitation o|
an Americans Greco by Bob Weak
ley of Wilson school: music by th'|
East side sixth anG seventh grade|
under the direction Of Lucil~ ~,
berson: music by the Hardinl
school chorus under the lirectioi|
cf Gladys Ikenberry, an accordioI|
sclo by Calvin Furukawa: sprini
songs by the Mckinley school chor
US. Gertrude Reese directing; pre-
sentation by Mrs. Morrison of th'
American essay awards; presen
oation of the poppy poster award
by Marcia Farrell, state treasure
CT the ct 40; The War Prayer
by Dorothy Lou Gillian, state decla
nation champion; the singing oI
America.
The program will conclude will
30 minutes of silence in memory o.
the honored dead and with the re-
tirement of the colorS.
This program is open to the pub
Imperial Valley press., 1936-05-17
Peace Officers
To GiUe Dance
Next Saturday

First big social affair to be given
by the Imperial Valley Peace Of
.icers association is set for Sat
urday May % in the Veterans
Memorial hall.
This organization, only recently
formed, is determined to make the
dance one of the best parties OF
the spring. Carroll Campbell"
seven piece orchestra has been
engaged, there will b free punch
and lemonade during the evening,
and every detail will be planned
which can contribute to the sue
cess Of the dance.
The affair is open to the public
and peace officers are selling tick
cts now for the party.
The association numbers resi-
dents of both Imperial and Yuma
valleys and SO distinctive are its
meetings that representatives from
Los Angeles and San Diego always
attend affairs sponsored by the
group.
Imperial Valley press., 1936-05-17
Herbert Lee Elected President of
Central Union High School

Herbert Lee was elected presi-
dent of the Central high school
student body Tuesday in one if
the closest races in school his
tory. Not until the last votes were
counted was it certain whether
Herbert or Leonard Carey would
be the next president. Other Off
GERS elected in the exciting race
ar as follows: Evelyn Russell, girls
vice president; John Dubois, boys
vicc-presidcnt; Daisy Rapson,
treasurer; Calvert Moody, athletic
manager; Bob Burke, publicity;
Marian Lively, girls welfare; For
rest Damron, boys welfare; and
George Miller, house management.
In the offices of secretary and
commissioner of halls and grounds
no one candidate received a maj
ority of votes over the other two.
Those who will run in the election
next week are Gerry Blake and
Juanita Kirkpatrick secretary:
and Stella Mae Johnson and War
rem Rhodes, halls and grounds
Imperial Valley press., 1936-05-17
Americanism Program Monday in
City Park Sponsored by Unit

Americanism is the theme of the
patriotic program to be presented
Monday night at 7:30 o'clock in the
city park under the auspices OF
Boyce Aten unit, American Legion
Auxiliary.
Since the date is also that of in
oernational good will day. being OBJ
rerved by nine countries of the
world. the program will also be il
illustrative of that theme.
Ethyl Martin, unit president will
preside and the program will begin
with the advancing of the colorS
after which the national anthem
will be sung, Miss Lucille Krausc
directing. Fanny Kuhn, vice-pres-
idcnt of the twenty-second district,
will read the preamble to the Unit
ed States Constitution after which
Edna Morrison, twenty second dis
trict Americanism chairman in
charge CT the program will be pre-
Imperial Valley press., 1936-05-17
Impressive Ceremony Featured at
Camp Fire Council Fire

Roach. Virginia Lee Reed. Patricia
Bucklin, Eva Ortiz.
Mrs. Hanson awarded the next
rank, that of firemaker, to Mrs.
Faye Manley, Jane Allindep, Alice
Combs.
The highest rank of all, that Of
torch bearer, was presented by Mrs.
Miller to Ruth McClimans, Mary
Ann Riddle, and Dorothy Boyer,
Mrs. Miller being assisted by Louise
Shaw who is torchbearer.
AS the different ranks were
awarded, those making the presen-
tation explained the meaning OF the
ranks and the requirements which
must be met in order TO attain
them.
Mrs. H, K McClimans. local Sec
retary. awarded number of the
honorS which girls have earned
during the year, explaining the
methods of earning them, such
honorS as the five faggot, Christ
mas, doughnut, special service and
others were awarded.
Awards Grand Prize
o. L. Davis for Cramer's Bakery,
presented the grand prize in the
annual doughnut sale, that of a
week at the summer camp Wolahi
at Lake Cuyamaca won by Dorothy
McClimans for selling the largest
number of doughnutS.
Mrs. Manley presented national
memberships to Ruth Riddle, Mary
Ann Riddle and Betty Hoy who
have been Camp Fire girls for three
years.
Special musical numbers were pre-
Sented at intervals and the cere-
mony closed with the recessional
walking song of Camp Fire.
This Fridays council fire was the
second annual ceremony conducted
by the Ell Centro groups.
Imperial Valley press., 1936-05-17
Society
Clubs
State Club Women
Pass Resolutions
AT Convention

SACRAMENTO Ma II up
Passage Of 10 resolutions t0das
marked tie closing hours Of tn
annual convention Of the Cainof
MIA Federation of Womcnb Club
Approval w3s given resolution
objecting 10 recognition OF Com
munists as a political party II
California.
The delegates also approved
resolution asking members 10 cam
paign against repeal o. the sales
tax and against approval OF a SUI
stitute single tax. Several dele
gates spoke against contract me
thods used In circulating petitions
to qualify propositions for cleo
ton ballots.
Other resolutions approved b.
the convention urged.
A change in the migratory blfd
hunting season TO coincide with
Oregon and Nevada, more ade-
quate control of bovine tubereu-
losis; fingerprinting OF all appli-
cants for automobile operators IL
censeS; prohibition of the sale Of
liquor in public parks, special
study of the problem of taxation,
inclusion of training in funda-
mentals O. safe driving in the
public school curriculum, and
more stringent examinations for
automobile drivers before licenses
are issued.
In recognition of outstanding
club activities, awards of merit
in the various districts included:
Southern district, Lake Arrow
head club; Los Angeles district,
Santa Maria club
Imperial Valley press., 1936-05-17

Camp Fire girls of the city con-
Quoted their impressive council fire
ceremony Friday night in the city
park north of Mckinney school,
many residents of the community
watching this picturesque event at
which honors earned during the
year are awarded to the girls.
Out of the 121 Camp Fire girls
enrolled. 112 we're present to partl-
cipate in the ceremony which open
cd with the professional Of the
girls in their uniforms lead by
Louise Shaw, who has the highest
rank in Camp Fire, that OF torch
bearer. Leaders of the procession
wore their ceremonial gowns which
added to the effect OF the parade.
Light Council Fires
Three council fires. representing
work, health and love, the symbols
OF Camp Fire, were lighted by
Louise Shaw, Alice Combs, Jane Al
Under and Margaret Small.
A group of Camp Fire girls from
the high school then presented
Burn Fire. Burn" in pantomime
after which charters were present.
ed to tie two new groups by Mrs.
S. A. D!mpSter, president of Hard
ing school Parent-Teachers' associ-
alton; Mrs. Jens Hutchens, guard
ian for HiSpesee group, and Miss
Marjorie Gillmor, guardian for Mi
niheka group, received the chart
ers, Lucille Bridges, president OF
Hispesee group responding for her
group, and Virginia Lee Reed pres
ident of Miniheka, responding for
that group.
Mrs. w j. Meagher, chairman of
the committee on awards introduce
cd the members of her committee,
Mrs. A. B. Hanson and Mrs. Homer
Miller and then presented the fol-
lowing girls who have earned the
first rank in Camp Fire, that OF
the wood gatherer:
Wood Gatnerers Rank
Lenora Costello, Marie Skinner,
Marian Sharp, Marilyn Ingle, Lu-
cille Bridgers, Janet Moore, Marilea
Hanson, Lucille Burke, Mrs. Alberta
Hutchens, Lois Vogt, Haruyo Ku-
bota, Helen Mae Beronio, Dorothy
Rapson, Ruth Parker, Fayola
Imperial Valley press., 1936-05-17
School Children Seeking Donations
OF Jars for Canning Project

Children in the elementary
schools en- Monday viii take home
notices explaining the need for do
nations and asking gifts OF jars.
Hundreds of quarts of tomatoes,
given by local growers from their
surplus, will be canned and stocked
away for use neXt fall when they
will be included in the lunches fur
nished needy children who other
wise would have no lunches at all.
In Ell Centro the tomatoes will be
canned in the Wilson school home
economies laboratory.
Alamo and Mt Signal schools
ar also engaging in a can the sur
plus campaign.
Imperial Valley press., 1936-05-17
Business Women
In Convention
At Coronado

Effective Democracy through
Education and Participation is the
theme being carried out in the
annual convention of the Califor-
mia Federation of Business and
Professional women's clubs which
opened Friday in Coronado, each
officers report illustrating this
theme.
Friday morning was devoted
largely to the coutine organiza-
ton of a convention, setting the
machinery in motion.
The menace facing California if
the sales and income taxes are
repealed was vividly made evident
by Nathan H. Hubbard, director
of public relations, California Al
filiated Teachers organizations of
Los Angeles who said, IF you
want Communism, state ownership
of land and its attendant evil, reg
imentation of labor, vote for the
repeal OF the sales and income
taxes
Considerable excitement occur
red when after the report OF the
nomination committee had been
made, nomination from the
floor was made presenting Sara
E. McCardle of Fresno, now first
vice president, in opposition to
Carolyn Weber, incumbent, for the
office of federation president.
Friday afternoon reception
was held after which a dinner took
place with Miss Marian Parks,
Pasadena historian, as the speak
er on "Old California, Its Women
and Your Heritage
Election returns were to be an
nounced Saturday afternoon. Miss
E. Louise Jolly. state chairman
of membership who has visited in
the valley. was to speak on Econ
omic Insanities' after which the
women were to discuss the policy
of the state federation in COM
batting determinations against wo.
men in business.
Imperial Valley press., 1936-05-17
Three Studios Plan
Student Recitals
For Coming Week

Music stuNentS are being present.
ed in recitals during the coming
week by the various sturioS Of the
city.
Monday night a o'clock In the
Methcdist social hall, Oria Kenah,
teacher OF piano, will present the
following students in a program oi
piano solos and ensembles: Winl-
fred Anderson, Charles Ritz, Lila
Hunt, Phyllis Justman, Robert
SWarthout Betty DO Brinnon, Jud-
it'll JuStman, Marvin Haun, Fayola
Roach. Richard Hatncr, Alleuc
Roberts, Mary Yano, Roberta Bar
tholomew, Virginia Hunt, Jack Sui
tic, Helen Bishop, Marion MarcoC.
The next night, Tuesday, at the
same time and place, the following
group will be presented: Opal An
derSon, Virginia Jones, Jock York,
Floyd Rogers, Evelyn Mitchell Rob-
ert Tackett, Barbara Ruth Henson,
Lorene Linekin, GWendolyn Bliss.
Thursday ni@ht Estelle Livingston
will present a group of her students
at the Methodist social hall.
Saturday Nola Heald Bennitt has
scheduled the fourth of her series
of recitalS III which pupids of all
grades will be presented at 8 o.
clock at the Kennah studio, $50
Olive.
Those who will appear are Carl
Bennitt, Rodcrick Scott, Walter
Enz, Leroy Ferguson, Calvin Furu-
Kawa, Susie Schaffner, Betty Nc
Donald, Elsie FurukaWa, Marcia
Mercereau, Barbara BayleSs, Car
men Engebretsen, Evelyn McGreW
Elizabeth Kavanaugh, Mrs. Roger
Imperial Valley press., 1936-05-17

School children of Ell Centre are
conducting concentrated drive
this coming week to secure glass
jars in which to place the canned
tomatoes which are to be stored for
use in the school lunch project
next year.
Any jars which will fit Kerr lids,
such as mason pars those which
contained Miracle Whip, and IRIS
coffee, one or two pounds, can be
used, whether or not the tops are
available.
Those having jars to donate may
deliver them at the nearest school
or if they find it impossible to de
liver them, may call Wilson school
where arrangements Will be made
TO call for them.
Imperial Valley press., 1936-05-17
Younger Set Guests of Jane Hartzog
At Dance Friday at Barbara Worth

One of the prettiest parties of
the season was that at which
Miss Jane Hartzog, daughter of
Mr.. and Mrs. w. E. Hartzog en-
tertained members of the younger
set.
This party took place Friday
night in the blue room OF the
Barbara Worth hotel, the young
hostess using a charming spring
motif which was carried out BY
means of a profusion of lovely
larkspur blossoms in pastel shades.
Programs were in white, with
touches of green. complementing
the floral decorations.
Miss Hartzog was gowned in
white organdy OF smart design
and was assisted in receiving by
Imperial Valley press., 1936-05-17
Williams Student
RecitaIs Named

Mr.. and Mrs. Horace Williams,
we'll known music teachers of the
city, have announced the dates for
their annual spring recitals, June
and g.
Violin, piano and band instru-
ment numbers will be presented by
a selection of students, both re-
citalS being evning affairs and
held in the First Baptist church.