davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-11-05

IS hours; 4S took the examination,
10 passing with q mark OF 70 or
more. This course was conducted
by Drs. Moynihan, Dubois, john
son and Kettlewell, assisted by
Miss Rehm, Harley Forsyth and
the highway patrolmen Fredrickson
and Gray, and the Boy Scouts who
served well as victims"
A second First Aid" class was
started in July but owing to ex-
treme hot weather, was called off.
In August a class in life saving
was completed by Red Cross in
.structors. One child was placed in
the Ramsey Hospital, st. Paul;
several cases of home neglect were
reported to the Child Welfare.
Your chairman attended two dir
ector meetings in st. Cloud. Mr.
Belts, of the National Red Cross,
was present at one meeting and he
urged the directors to grant the
three requests made by your local
chairman: THAT Sank Centre be
re-instated as a Branch Chapter;
that the townships of Ashley, Get
ty, Raymond and Sank Centre be
included in the Branch Chapter;
that the Branch Chapter give its
financial and moral support to the
Health Department of our local
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-11-05
Attention! Red
Cross Committee
Meeting Monday Evening, Nov.
9th, 8 O'Clock Jr. High
School Assembly

The Red Cross Committee, or
ganized last November, will meet
in the High School next Monday
evening at 8 o'clock. Supplies will
be issued and the drive organized.
Supt. Kohl and Miss Rehm will re-
port the recent survey made to de-
termine the health of the children.
DR.. johnson, city physician, will
speak for the Health Department.
Several vacancies will be noted in
the following committee list. May
we suggest to the pastors of the
various churches, the chief offic-
ers of the societies, to fill in their
committees. Everyone interested in
the work of our schools health de-
partment is invited to attend the
meeting Monday evening.
Congregational Church: Mrs.
Paul Besser, Mrs. Clyde Thomas,
Mrs. v. T. Conklin.
Episcopal Church: The Misses
Ruth Austin and Mary Louise
Scott
Gospel Tabernacle: Mrs. ]. E.
Key, and Miss Rosaline Bauern-
feind.
Methodist Episcopal Church:
Mrs. r. B. Kettlewell, Mrs. L. H.
Obs.
Norwegian Lutheran Church:
John Myhre, Mrs. Oscar Sukke.
Our Lady of the Angels Church:
Mrs. Chas. Holcomb, Miss Mable
Orth, Mrs. Robert Plant.
st. Paul's Church: Mrs. Tony
Miller, Mrs Hy. Bastian, Mrs. M. j.
Fleming.
Seventh Day Adventist: Mrs. B.
F. Ives. f.
Zion Lutheran Church: Mrs. L.
o. Lea, and Mrs. p. j. Svenneby
American Legion: Commander
vern Soltau, cooperating with v.
F. w. Commander L. o. Lea.
American Legion Auxiliary: Mrs.
Nora Hershiser, Mrs. Frank Pang-
burn.
Community Club; Walter Gritz-
macher, Robert Newman.
d. A. R.: Miss Hattie Irwin, Mrs.
Frank Segrin.
Gradatim Club: Mrs. c. E. Bo-
hall, Mrs. Chas. Klar.
League of Women Voters: Mrs.
Wesley Kohl, Mrs. c. E. Sundell.
Rotary Club: D. B. Caughren.
v. F. W.: Commander L. o. Lea,
cooperating with Legion Com
mander Vern Soltau.
Report Of Local Red Cross
The November drive crossed
s274.SO, which was distributed as
follows: National Red Cross $125,
County Chapter $24.92, Health De-
partment of our Schools $124.88. Be
cause debts may not be contracted
in the name of the Red Cross, nor
in the name of the Health Depart
ment Of the school, Mr.. Kohps fer
tile mind conceived a third organ
ization which he named Central
Social Agency" under which name
all contracts were made and debts
assumed. This organizations men,
bership was limited to four in
number, namely: Supt. Kohl, Msgr.
Plachta, School Nurse Miss Rehm,
and the Red Cross Chairman. This
organization contracted dental
work for II INDECENT children and
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-11-05

and South Dakota where no corn
at all Is available for seed this
year. In order that satisfactory
corn will be chosen that might be
moved into those areas, the follow
ing varieties will receive prefer
ence: Haney's strain Of Minnesota
Is, Early Northwestern Dent,
Minnesota No. %, Wisconsin No. 8,
and early strains of White Rustler.
The ear lengths should range be-
tween 6h and 8 inches and the dia-
meter Of the cob from ~ to TX
inches with IL to 16 rows on the
cobs. Corn with a shallow dent and
smooth kernel will receive prefer
ence. Stress is being placed on
freedom from diseases such as
scab, smut, etc.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-11-05
Sank Centre Took
Final Grid Game

cold storage for the locals. Melrose,
late in the game, blocked a punt
and invaded the Harveymen's IL
yard line before stubborn de-
fensive set enough to take the ball
from them on downs.
It was a hard, fast driving game
with two offensives primed to the
heat of the contest. Melrose, the
yictors of so many games, battling
to defend their District y title
which was theirs almost for the
asking. Sank Centre, the underdog.
going strong taking their breaks
and breaking the Ramblers record
in q surprise upset.
While it is the final score that
gives a victory to a team, 1t Is in
teresting to look at the statistics.
Melrose in their down SUGGESTIONS
took the edge with IL first downs
while the locals trailed with z first
downs. Melrose tossed total of IL
masses with five competitions and
one interception. Passes counted
with the locals. While one was IN
tercepted and one was incomplete,
their final pass counted lot a
touchdown when completed to
Walker. Annihilating all his oppon-
ents in the punting assignment Ar
Wig again had it over his opponent
While Melrose had only to punt
several times, one of them was
blocked to begin touchdown ad-
vance for Sank Centre. Arvig's
longest punt was nearly 55 yards
while his rival took % yards on his
longest. Arvig's average will tally
nearly 40 yards on a total of six
punts. The game was spiced with a
series of penalties. Most of them
were offside displaying the eager
ness with which both of these we'll
tuned teams went into this ball
game. It was adiudged by many as
among the finest displays of foot
ball, seen on the gridiron in recent
years.
The 1iOpuDS.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-11-05
Mrs, Michael j. JOyce

Sarah A. Joyce, wife of Michael
j. Joyce, passed away at her home
at 1926 South Birch Street Friday
afternoon, October 30, 1886, at 2:30,
following an illness of six weeks.
Mrs. Joyce contracted a severe cold
last spring following which COM
plications arose from which she
failed to recover.
Mrs. Joyce was born at Roches-
ter, Minnesota, on May II, 1865.
She lived in Sank Centre the great
er part of her life, and was united
in marriage to Michael J. Joyce on
June "a, 1913, in this city. Her
maiden name was Sarah A. Hogan.
She was a member of the Christian
Mothers Society of the Church of
Our Lady of the Angels.
Besides her husband she Is sur
vived by three brothers, as follows:
Dennis M. Hogan, of st. Paul; Will
liam M. Hogan, Of Rush City, and
Martin A. Hogan, of Minneapolis.
Though Mrs. Joyce had been i'll
for sometime, her death was un-
expected until a few hours before
her passing. Her many friends were
shocked and sincerely regret her
demise.
Funeral services were held in the
Church of Our Lady of the An
gels in this city Monday morning at
$3.50 o'clock. The Rev. FIR. Mayer
read the Requiem Mass. Burial was
made in Calvary cemetery. The
pallbearers were: Edward Gaspard,
Frank Parker, Peter Steinert,
Nick Orth, Sam Olson and John
Mondloch.
Those from a distance in attend
ance at the last sad rites were:
VIM. M. Hogan, Rush City, Mimi.
Mr.. and Mrs. Martin A. Hogan and
their daughter, Mrs A. w. Olson,
of Minneapolis: and Mrs. Dennis
M. Hogan. of st. Paul. Dennis Ho-
gan was i'll and could not be pres
ent. Besides Mrs. Joyce's brothers
and their families several Of her
nieces and nephews attended the
funeral as follows: Mrs. Mollie
Hynes, VIM. Dunn and wife and
son, John Joyce, Jeanette Joyce,
all living near and at Osakis.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-11-05
4 People On Weeks
Toll In Death List

CONTINUED from Page One)
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-11-05

He had reached the age of 80
years, months and 1 day at the
time of his demise. When an in
FAINT, his parents moved from New
York to Kenosha county, Wiscon-
sin, making the trip by ship over
the Great Lakes. The family resid-
ed in Wisconsin for about nine
years. In 1866 he moved with his
parents to Browerville, MINI. They
were the first family to locate west
of the Long Prairie River.
When Mr.. Weeks was Is years
old, his father sold out and pur-
chased a farm in Ashley township.
This place was later known as the
Telschow farm. They lived on this
farm about four years when the
father disposed of it. At that time
Mr.. Weeks took over another farm
in Ashley Township and made a
home for his parents. In 1884 he
sold out and with his parents went
to Oregon. The parents were dis
satisfied and they returned to this
community and Mr.. Weeks again
took up farming.
On April 8, 1887, he was married
to Miss Anna Wade at her home in
Birchdale township. In the fall of
1887 he discontinued farming and
moved to Sank Centre, where, he
took up the work of draying. Later
he entered the well repair business
which he followed for the remand
er of his life.
Besides the bereaved widow, he is
survived by his son, Morton, and
wife, and a grandson, Vernon
Weeks. One brother and two sisters
also survive. They are: Lerow
Weeks, Minneapolis; Mrs. Minnie
Bohall, Newburg, Oregon; Mrs.
Martha Loid, Los Angeles, Cal.
The last sad rites were held at
the Congregational church Sunday
afternoon at 2:30 with the Rev. p.
j. Jansen officiating. Burial was
made in Greenwood cemetery on
the family lot. A quartet consisting
of Rev. and Mrs. p. ]. Jansen, Mrs.
Geo. Berggreen and v. T. Conklin,
sang two hymns, Nearer My
God To Thee" and Rock of Ages"
MISS aud IoSCScc was
list. The pallbearers were: Myron
Taylor, r.. E. Hansen, Al Gaspard,
Jos. Schoenhoff, c. r. Gray and
Frank Pangburn.
Relatives and friends from out
of-town in attendance at the SER
vice were: Lerow Weeks and son,
Louis William, and grandson, Leon
ard Weeks, of Minneapolis; Mrs.
James Garnet (niece) and son,
Floyd, and son-in-law and daugh-
ter, Mr.. and Mrs. Axel Erickson, of
Browerville; Mr.. and Mrs. Nick
Yaeger (niece) and granddaughter,
Shirley Yaeger, of st. Louis Park;
Mrs. Frank Lueck, (sister of Mrs.
Weeks. and son, George, and An
drew Hendricks, of Walker, Mimi;
Mrs. Frank Phelps, Mr.. and Mrs.
Martin Anderson and son, of Min
neapolis.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-11-05
Lesson Home Man
agement November 10
CONTINUED from Page One)

ment leaders and members met in
st. Cloud last week to discuss plans
for a minor project continuing
along that line next spring. Mr.. FL
dred Hunt, New Extension Horti-
culturist, was present and led the
discussion of 1886 accomplishments
and completed plans for the next
project.
The Achievement Day opened
with Is minutes of community sing
ing led by Home Agent, Moan An
derson. The agent then discussed
the final report. These reports
showed that there was almost a
100 per cent cleanup on the $50
farms represented in this project
At least a dozen new wind-breaks
were built and many old ones re-
paired. Nearly every member had
been able to apply information
learned in the two lessons on bor-
der and foundation planting, an
nual and perennial, rock and flow
er gardens. Pictures and drawings
were shown by the members indi-
eating the big improvements made.
Inc rOunu-tdDie ulSCuSSiOH Coih-
mittee, Mrs. Walter Mielke, Kim
ball, Mr.. F. c. Payne, st. Cloud. Mr..
Othmar Mumm, Cold Spring, Mrs.
Harry Brown, Pavnesville, and Miss
Lillian Veeder, Sank Centre, with
Mr.. Hunt and the home agent lead
ing the afternoon discussion.
Members and leaders expressed
their desire in continuing the work
in Farm Yard Improvement al
though many plans would have to
be altered because of summer eli
matte conditions. Mr.. Hunt stated
that in a farm improvement plan
it was necessary to first make
plan of work including realinement
of farm buildings If necessary, and
the scheme Of planting before
starting the actual work.
The majority favored a joint pro-
ject of two lessons in vegetable and
small berry growing and one on
vegetable canning to start in
March. All lessons would be given
in the form of open meetings to
which the member families would
attend; Mr.. Hunt giving the gard
ening lessons and Miss Anderson
the canning demonstrations.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-11-05
ATTEND M. e. A.

Every fall the annual conven-
ton Of the Minnesota Educational
Association claims the attention of
the faculties of public schools
throughout the state for several
days This week beginning today,
Thursday, the entire faculty of
Sank Centre Public Schools is at
tending instructive meetings for
newer methods. Supt. w. A. Kohl,
heading as chairman the associa-
ton of state superintendent will
conduct a meeting Friday after
noon featuring a safety program in
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-11-05
j. II. Kinsella

J. E. Kinsella, a former resident
of this city, who has resided in st.
Cloud since 1899, passed away at
the st. Cloud Hospital on Wednes-
day afternoon, November 4, 1896,
at 1880 He had been ailing for the
past six months. He entered the
hospital ten days before his death.
Mr.. Kinsella was born in Michi-
gan on March 10, 1866, and was 70
years old. He came to Sank Centre
with his parents SIS years ago, and
grew to manhood in this city. For
a number Of years he operated a
farm. which he purchased in the
Westport community, and which he
owned until his death. He went to
st. Cloud in 1899 and engaged ir
the real estate business. For 80
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-11-05
Franz Albert Heidemann

August Franz Albert Heidemann
The following is the obituary of
August Heidemann, resident of
Ashley Township, whose death was
mentioned in last weeks Herald.
He passed away Tuesday, October
9th.
Mr.. Heidemann was born on the
18th of November, 1877, in Seidel,
PROVING Pommern, Germany. In
early youth he, together with his
parents, came to the United States
and settled in the neighborhood of
Sleepy Eye, MINI. In the year 1902
Mr.. Heidemann and his parents
moved to the neighborhood of Sank
Centre, MINI.
On Feb. 20, 1903 he was united in
holy wedlock with Miss Bertha
Buchholz, of Long Prairie, MINI.
For seventeen years Mr.. and Mrs.
Aug. Heidemann made their home
in Raymond Township, Stearns
County, MINI. In 1920 they moved
to Swanville, Mimi, where they
made their home for about 2H
years whereupon they moved to
Grey Eagle at which place they re-
sided until in the spring of this
year when they moved TO Ashley
Township, Stearns County, MINI.
Here Mr.. Heidemann passed away
on Tuesday, October 81, 1886, after
suffering second stroke. He had
been ill for some time with a heart
ailment.
Eight children were born to Mr..
and Mrs. Heidemann of whom sew
en- are living, who with their moth
er, mourn the loss of their father
and husband: Ida, Mrs. Duolph
knaak, of Grey Eagle; Alfred, at
home; Albert, at home; Mathilda,
Mrs. Martin Kroschel, Sleepy Eye,
Mimi; Regina, Sleepy Eye, Mimi;
Martha, at home; Walter, at home.
Also one grand child, Marlene
Knaak, Grey Eagle. Mr.. Heidemann
is also survived by two brothers,
Otto and Henry, of Sleepy Eye, and
two sisters, Mrs. Marie Wandersee,
Lamberton, Mimi, and Mrs. Han
nah Raduenz, Wabasso, MINI.
Funeral services were conducted
by his pastor the Rev. E. Mcneil,
Willard, Mimi, on the 30th of Octo-
Der. After short devotion conduct
ed in the German language in the
house at 1 o'clock the funeral SER
vices were conducted in the St.
Johns Ev. Luth. Church, Willard, in
both languages. Interment was
made in st. Paul's Lutheran ceme-
terry, Unity.
The following acted as pallbear-
ers: Adolph Koepke, Grey Eagle;
Arthur Baker, Swanville; Henry
Barchenger, Sank Centre; Frank
Domke, Sank Centre; August
Knaak, Long Prairie; Walter Neu-
mann, Grey Eagle.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-11-05
Seed Loans Are
Available In County
Continued from Page One)

In arriving at the number of
bushels in bin, 2R cubic feet will
be considered as one bushel. After
November 18th applications will be
available at the county agents Of
flee, st. Cloud. 1t should be remem-
bered that no loans can be made
where folks have less than 100 bu-
shells of seed corn. The plan be-
hind this loan program is to en-
courage the saving Of seed corn in
different areas for areas of North
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-11-05

the interest Of state superintend-
,ents.
School closed Wednesday after
noon and will not reopen until Mon
day morning at the regular hour.
Students Of the public school thus
are enjoying holiday from their
studies today, Thursday and FRI
day.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-11-05
HOSPITAL NOTES

Last Thursday Darwin Judas
son of Henry Judas, entered the
hospital for an operation on a rup-
tured appendix. Within a week he
has shown speedy recovery and Il
doing well.
On Sunday Mrs. Barney Burton,
of Little Falls, was brought to the
hospital with injuries sustained in
an auto accident about seven miles
north and east of this city. She
suffered a broken collarbone as
we'll as minor injuries when the car
skidded into the ditch.
Friends of Mrs. C. d. Marshall
will be glad to learn she Is improv-
ing and gaining in strength, re-
ports the hospital.
Wyoming, in 1869, when still a
farr;torx xxyac . tho thp first tn Qive
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-11-05

years he engaged in that occupa-
ton, and was known to wide cir
Gle Of folk for his fair dealing.
Deceased Is survived by his wife
and two sons and two daughters, as
follows: FIR. Austin Kinsella, Of
Brandon; Gerald Kinsella, of St
Cloud; Mrs. Phil Colligan, of st.
Cloud; Kathleen Kinsella, st.
Cloud. He also leaves four sisters
and five brothers. viz: Mrs. George
Brown, Of Sank Centre; Mrs. T. H.
Collins, Hamilton, Mont; Mrs. AL
Smith, Hamilton, Mont; Mrs. e. r.
Becwar, Minot, North Dakota; Mrs.
J. p. Collins, Elroy, Mimi; ]. c..
Kinsella, T. HI. Kinsella and r. E.
Kinsella, Sank Centre; Frank Kin
sella, and Steve Kinsella, Herman,
MINI.
He was the eldest son Of the
late Mr.. and Mrs. Stephen Kinsella,
of this city. He was man of fine
qualities and highly respected by
all who knew him.
A Requiem Mass will be held in
the Cathedral in st. Cloud Satur-
day morning at $3.50 o'clock, after
which the body will be brought to
Sank Centre. A Requiem Mass will
be held at the Church of Our Lady
of the Angels in Sank Centre at
eleven o'clock Saturday morning
with the Rev. FIR. Mayer officiat-
ing. Interment will be made in Cal
vary cemetery.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1936-11-05

Wyoming, in 1869, when still
territory was the the first to give
full suffrage to both sexes.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1936-03-05
Puerto Rico Sayings
May Start Reforms

DOLITICAL conditions in Puerto
Rico, VIGOROUSLY unsatisfactory,
may be rectified as result of the as
sassination in San Juan of E. Francis
Riggs, chief of the insular police, aid !.
district police chief. Riggs, a former
United States army colonel. was shot
by two Nationalist; two hours later
District Police Chief Francisco velez
n. Ortiz attempted to put down Ma
tionalist riot at cafe in the central
town of Utuado and was killed
Gov. Blanton Winship announced
that a full inquiry into the incidents
would be theoretically pushed. Deplor-
ing the Staying of Riggs as "dastardly,"
he asserted a revival of capital punish
ment and a ban against carrying OF
firearms, being urged upon the legis-
lature, would prevent such crimes.
The assassins of Riggs were caught
and admitted the killing, saying it was
In revenge for the Rio Pedras 'massa
ere" in which police killed four n
tionalists last November While being
questioned. the murderers, the polio,
said. reached for guns and were
to death.
The Puerto Rican Nationalist move
ment is the islands group campaign
ing for independence.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1936-03-05

souri,, Democrat, author of the resolu-
ton for the investigation. 1t was I'M
derstoOd that Mr.. Bell had already
gathered a mass of information to
substantiate the charge that the
Townsend plan has become a huge
racket. The leaders of both parties in
congress have been getting rather
nervous over the growth of the Town
send movement and are glad to see IT
attacked; but some impartial Observ-
ers call attention to the fact that the
way the committee is going after it
smacks of unconstitutional abridge-
ment of the right to petition.
It was expected that one of the first
questions to be considered by the COM
mittee would be the salaries received
by DIR. Francis E. Townsend, author of
the scheme, and r. E. Clements, for
mer California real estate operator,
co-founder and general manager. Glenn
ents has revealed to newspaper report
ers that he and Doctor Townsend re-
ceive salaries of 500 a week each
from OARP-the old age revolving
pension organization-and $50 a week
each from the Townsend national
weekly, which claims a circulation of
100000. 1t has been charged on the
floor of the house that this newspaper,
privately owned by Townsend and
Clements, has a reserve fund of at
least 100000.
Congressman John Steven McGroarty,
CALIFORNIA; poet laureate" says the
Townsendites will control the house of
representatives at the next session,
and adds: They have built up the
largest political organization in the
history of America, with 10 million
enrolled members. If you include those
who have signed petitions favoring the
Townsend plan the number is increased
to 30 million. BY November it will be
twice this large. This investigation
will vastly strengthen the Townsend
movement and anybody that knows
anything knows that. The American
people like fair play and they know
that this investigation is just dirty
politics."
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1936-03-05
New Farm Relief Bill
Sent to Conference

DIFFERENCES between the house
~ and senate versions of the new
farm relief measure were utterly ir-
reconcilable, if you could take the
work of the conferees of both bodies
to whom the bill was sent. Neverthe-
less, it was expected the disputes
would all be adjusted within a few
days and the measure sent to the
White House.
Senator Smith, chairman of the SEN
ate agriculture committee, voiced in
dignant opposition to house amend
ment providing that tenant farmers
and sharecroppers shall be included
in cash benefits paid landowners for
conserving soil and thus controlling
production.
"What kind of fool thing Is this
they have adopted?" Smith roared.
Lets use little common sense The
tenant and the sharecropper get it all
now. They are given their part of
the crop with no strings on it. The
landowner has to pay taxes and the
costs of production, housing, imple-
ments and repairs. It's not fair that
he should give away what he gets for
good land practices which make more
money for his workers"
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1936-03-05

out by F. d. Roosevelt, he had the sat
isfactiOn of seeing his repeal plank
put into the Democratic platform. Of
late he had been an outspoken critic
of the New Deal policies, for he was
a champion of state rights.
Henry L. Roosevelt was the fifth
member of his family to serve as as
sistant secretary of the navy. and in
recent months he had played an in
creasingly important part in the af-
fairs of the department. acting as
secretary during the illness of Secre-
tary Swanson. He was a student in
the naval academy class of 1909, but
left before graduation to become a
second lieutenant in the marine corps,
in which service he rose to the rank of
colonel. He was buried in Arlington
National cemetery with full military
rites after funeral ceremonies that
were attended by President Roosevelt
and many other high officials.