davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1936-10-25

eight 8-inch breech-loading rifle
guns, all with hydraulic recoil mech
anisms, mounted in turrets operated
by steam engines, the guns elevated
by hydraulic power and the ammu-
milton hoists and hammers operated
electrically.
Since the Spanish-American War
improvement in American naval ord
nance has tended toward longer guns
Of greater caliber and higher muzzle
velocity, with greatly increased ranges.
American naval ordnance reached
approximately its present power dur
ing the World War, except for the
introduction Of the 16-inch gun. This
monster was planned for two battle
cruisers and the battleships Colorado.
Maryland and West Virginia. Be-
cause of the treaty which came out Of
the Limitation of Armaments Confer
ence at Washington in 1921 the bat
tie cruisers never were built, but con-
struction of the three battleshipS con-
tinued, and today they each carry
eight of these biggest naval guns
none more powerful anywhere on
earth.
The 16-inch is indeed a striking
contrast with the little cast-iron
weapons the founders of the Navy
had to depend upon. 1t is almost
81 feet long, or IS per cent longer
than the 14-inlch, of which each of
the other IL battleships now in COM
mission carries from 10 to II.
Evening star., 1936-10-25

statute have many guessing. Boosters
for the legislation foresee the laying
down Of numerous keels Of merchant
ships all over the maritime sections of
the Nation. Obsolete craft must be
scrapped, if Uncle Sam is to keep pace
with the international race for trade,
say the wiseacres.
Unrest among seamen is expected
to be lessened through the new legis-
lation, which requires that each have
a continuous discharge book. This
will contain the mans photograph, as
well as a summary of his nautical
work. Undesirables are expected to be
rooted out under this program and
"beached." Duplicates of these books
will be kept here in Washington.
Construction of both cargo and COM
bination passenger and freight ships
Is contemplated under the new legis-
lation.
In this forward-looking program the
Navy will have its assigned part. For
the Navy aids the merchant marine
in nautical equipment. The Hydro
graphic Office supplies valued infor-
Evening star., 1936-10-25
Glenda's Series.

THE first rough cut Of "No Hard
= Feelings" the recently completed
comedy-drama featuring Glenda Far
rell, has so impressed Warner Bros
First National executives that they
have decided to follow it up with a
series of pictures in which Miss Farrell
will continue the adventures Of the
hard-boiled, clever newspaper girl,
"Torchy" Blame. So her next appear
ance will be in "Torchy Blane's Love
Derby" subject suggested by the
'round-the-world race of metropolitan
newspaper reporters now In progress.
Roy Chanslor has already written the
story and is now at work on the screen
treatment.
"No Hard Feelings" which intro
duces Torchy Blame to the public, Is
based on a novel by Frederic Nibel.
adapted by Don Ryan and Kenneth
Camel. Appearing in the film with
Miss Farrell are Barton MacLane.
winifred Shaw, Craig Reynolds. Jane
Wyman and numerous other well
known film folk. Frank Mcdonald
directed.
Evening star., 1936-10-25

foundries. This weapon threw a
much heavier shot than the long
pieces" which it supplanted. but, Of
course, it had a range even shorter
than its predecessors. AS the upper
deck battery of a frigate. designed
to inf1ict heavy punishment at a
point-blank range, carronades served
their purpose admirably.
Between the War of 1912 and the
War Between the States the explosive
shell was introduced into naval war
fare. Conscientious scruples were
finally overcome, and we find the
shell guns firmly established in our
Navy in 1852. Heretofore guns had
been designated solely by the weight
of the projectile, but the size of the
shell gun now became expressed by
the caliber. or diameter of bore, which
unit of measurement is used today.
The guns firing solid shot had in
creased to 64-pounders. Thus the
porjectiles had assumed formidable
proportions. Both shell and solid
shot still retained the time-honored
spherical shape, however, and, of
course, all guns were still smooth
bores. Ranges had not increased
materially over those of the previous
century.
INTIL the War Between the States
the standard mounting for
broadside guns was the naval truck
carriage made of wood and set on
Evening star., 1936-10-25
NEW SHIPS OFFER STRENGTH
MARITIME Commission Making History With Encouragement
for Building Operations Meet Demands of Our Commerce
and Future National Defense.

1 years ago and Marines were rushed
to the Orient aboard a large passen-
ger vessel.
There are hundreds of merchant
marine officers who are also reservistS
in the Navy. Special reserve flags
fly from the mastheads Of the mer-
chantmen, giving visible evidence to
the landlubber Of the nexus between
Navy and commercial craft.
Rev. DR.. Edmund A. Walsh, vice
president Of Georgetown University
and regent Of its School of Foreign
Service, has said:
AN adequate, a modernized and
mobile mercant marine is an essen
tial arm of national defense. In the
opinion of the present writer. the
Navy. including naval aviation. is
our first line, an armed merchant
marine second, the land and domestic
air forces third
Alfred H. Haag, director Of the
department Of international shipping
at Georgetown University, who is a
lieutenant commander in the Naval
Reserve, holds:
"The records of the past offer con-
elusive proof that national interest
requires the maintenance of an ade-
quate merchant marine. We cannot
survive as a f1rst-class commercial or
naval power without strong mer-
chant fleet"
And again he epitomizes the sad
story:
From 1922 to 1928 not a ship was
constructed in the United States for
service in the transoceanic trade,
while millions of tons of vessels were
built abroad, Notwithstanding the
great excess of idle tonnage in the
world. The introduction Of these
modern and faster foreign vessels in
| competition with our slow and out
Evening star., 1936-10-25

wheels. When the gun was to be
loaded this truck was wheeled in
from the ships side until the muzzle
was accessible to the loader and ram
mer. When loaded it was run. out
until the muzzle projected well be-
yond the gun port and the truck was
swung sidewise until the gun pointed
toward the enemy. The gun We.
fired by lighting the loose powder at
the primer vent.
The War Between the States
brought into use the first rifle cannon
in this country. The Navy placed
in service during the conflict con-
siderable number of turret guns
named for their designer and con-
structor, Capt. Parrott Of the Army.
These pieces showed two marked i'm
provements over all previous naval
ordnance, for in addition to being
rifled they were constructed on the
'built-up principle
The Parrott guns was muzzle-load-
ers. Breech-loading guns had been
built abroad at this time, but no.
where we're in common use. and in
the American Navy there was still
rather a strong sentiment against
them.
The year 1886 saw the establish
ment of the present naval gun fac
tory in the Navy Yard at Washing
ton. which has been developed into
one Of the largest and best-equipped
ordnance plants in the world.
AS the vessels of the new Navy"
came along continuous improvements
were made in all branches of ord
nance design and construction, and
by 1893 we find the famous Oregon.
after her memorable dash around
Cape Horn, going into action at San
tiago Bay with four 13-inch ar1
Evening star., 1936-10-25

the United States Navy there has
been nothing more striking than ad-
vances by the reason of being Of all
warcraft-the guns.
The tale starts with the ancient
muzzle- loading, cast iron smoothbore
Of John Paul Jones frigate, capable
Of throwing comparative pebbles-the
18-pound solid shetland runs to the
forged steel, breech-loading rifles of
the dreadnaughts of the West Vir-
ginia class, projecting an elongated
1-ton explosive shell and dropping
devastation on a target 20 miles
away.
Strictly speaking, the total Of really
American naval guns in the early days
of the Revolutionary War was almost
nil, for the facilities for heavy
foundry work in the colonies were
pitifully meager. But guns of English
manufacture were not lacking, be-
cause nearly every merchant vessel
of those days carried at least a light
armament as protection against pirate
craft. Furthermore, the colonies often
Evening star., 1936-10-25
NATION UPHOLDS KINSFIIP OF NAVY AND MERCHANT FLEET
GREAT GUNS FOR WAR CRAFT
American Armament Sets Example World After Progress From
Tiny Weapons Which Were Employed in Days When
Colonies Fought for independence.

had fitted out armed privateers and
provincial cruisers with English guns
to assist the mother country in her
colonial wars. Other guns were seized
from royal naval stores and. as the
war progressed, captured enemy YES
sels constituted a further source Of
supply. Our own foundries also be-
came proficient in gun casting until,
by 1776, foundry at Reading, Pa,
was able to cast gun day.
When France came to Americas
aid several ships were fitted out as
frigates in the ports of that nation
and. of course, French guns were
mounted on them. One of these
craft was the immortal Bonhomme
Richard. with which John Paul Jones
won his epic encounter with the Sera-
pis. The Bonhomme Richard had as
heavy guns as any vessel in the
American Navy in the Revolution, ex-
cept the South Carolina, built at
Amsterdam and armed with Swedish
36-pounders.
RY 1894. when the historic Constitu-
ton was laid down, our own gun
foundries were pretty well established.
Old Ironsides mounted thirty "a
Founders and 12s and 9s on her fore
castles and quarter deck. Later. in
the War Of 1912. these lighter long
guns" were replaced by carronades,
which were first introduced into the
Navy in 1900, when 10 Of them-24-
pounders-were mounted on the Con-
stitution.
The carronade was radical depar-
ture in naval ordnance. 1t was a
short. light gun of comparatively large
bore. named for the little town of
Carron, Scotland, celebrated for its
Evening star., 1936-10-25
"Angel" for Dietrich.

A NIGEL" an original by Melchior
Lengyel, upon which Paramount
for some time has held an option
pending development of treatment,
has been purchased for Marlene
Dietrichs next starring picture.
The deal was completed In New
York, where Ernst Jubitsch, who will
produce and direct, Is completing the
screen play with Samson Raphaelson.
Miss Dietrich Is expected to return to-
Hollywood some time In December.
and Lubitscf will start production Of
Angel" shortly after the first Of the
year.
Evening star., 1936-10-25

just where we are headed and what
will be the practical results on the
short and long pull Operators of
ships under the protecting wing of
the Government have no alternative
than to 60 along with the new set-up
as gracefully as possible. Few Of these
operators want to build ships. But
they will have to do so II they intend
to participate In future subvenSions.
If they fail to goose-step to the music
played on the political piccolo. they
can't run their ships and remain SOL
vent. BY accepting the situation as
gracefully as possible they may sal
wage their jobs and retain their
places as governmental satraps. A half
loaf Is better than no bread"
The punitive provisions Of the new
Evening star., 1936-10-25

Ger at the Naval Air Station at Ana
costa, now aboard the aircraft car
rier U. s. S. Saratoga, commanded
a group Of patrol planes that few
from San Franisco nonstop to Homo
lulu. Later. in war games. the Navy
few to Midway Island, far out in
the Pacific. McGinnis had previ-
ously flown nonstop from Norfolk,
Va, to Coco Solo in the Canal Zone,
and thence in another epoch-making
hop to San Francisco.
The fires of national defense fuse
the Navy and the merchant marine on
"the wandering fields of barren foam"
and in the air.
Evening star., 1936-10-25

moded war-acquired feet made ou,
problem increasingly difficult"
Citing the Manhattan and Washing.
ton, as well as the Lurline, Mari
posa and the Monterey, the last men.
toned plying from San Francisco to
Australasian ports, as outstanding in
the American merchant marine,
Father Walsh laments: But there /.
| no American Rex, no Monte di Sa-
voia, no Europa, no Bremen, no lie de
France, no Normandie, no Queen
Mary"-the largest and latest Of the
foreign-flag transatlantic craft that
crash the American headlines regu-
larly. These are the glories of Italy
Germany, France and England.
A. ND today, with America prepared
to celebrate the exploits of the
Navy, as she stands on the thresh-
hold of what true patriots hope will
be a revitalized day for the merchant
marine, thoughtful persons realize
that only one-third of United States
commerce is being carried in ships
that fly the Star and Stripes.
During the past IL years, Haag
points out, "31 per cent of the cargoes
between the United States and for
eign countries were carried in Ameri-
| can ships, while vessels under the
British flag in this trade carried SUBJ
| stantially the same amount"
I'm the passenger traffic between the
United States and foreign countries
American ships carried about 28 per
cent. while British ships transported
A per cent OF the total" he added.
And what Is the United States ex-
porting and importing these days tc
the benefit of foreign bottoms and the
disbursement of merchant ships OF
our own making?
The Bureau of Foreign and Do
mestic Commerce of the Department,
of Commerce supplies the answer;
The main exports of United States
merchandise comprise unmanufac-
tured cotton, petroleum and related
products, machinery, automobiles and
accessories, unmanufactured tobacco,
chemicals and related products, iror
and steel mill products, fruits ane
nuts, packing -house products, coal and
coke, copper ore and manufactured
products from it, cotton manufac-
lures, sawmill products, iron and
steel advanced manufactures, wheat
including flour; rubber and manu-.
factures, furs and manufactures, pa
per and manufactures, leather and
Photographic and projection goods.
And the imports? Coffee, cant
sugar, crude ruber, paper and manu-.
factures, raw silk, paper-base stocks
chemicals and related products, wine
and spirits, fruits and nuts. tin, fur,
and manufactures, petroleum and It's
products, hides and skins, vegetable
oils. cotton manufactures, copper, In
cluding ore and its manufactures
burlaps, unmanufactured tobacco
oil seeds and hax, hemp and ramit
manufactures.
HERE Is the real reason for ar
II American merchant marine.
| With the execution Of the new mer-
chant marine plan in the ofnng, al
interests do not view It as an TN.
mixed blessing. The August is issue
of the Marine Journal has this to say
Since the passage Of the lates
shipping act there has been great
deal Of arsumer pro and con. as y
Evening star., 1936-10-25
Capra Busy.

BETWEEN the cutting job he is
- doing on Lost Horizon" starring
Ronald Colman, and keeping an eye
on his two directorial proteges, Frank
Capra of Columbia Studios is Holly
woods busiest director these days.
Capra's ace scenarist, Robert Riskin,
is co-directing Grace Moore in I'm
terlude" as his first picture, and
Capra's former assistant director, c.
C. Buddy" Coleman, is directing
Dodge City Trail" musical West
tern starring Charles Starrett. The
Columbia top flight director Is a fire.
quent visitor on both sets.
Evening star., 1936-10-25
Tekyl.Hyde.

PARTON MacLANE is going through
~ all the torments of DR.. Jekyll
and Mr.. Hyde existence. He's work.
ing in two films at the same time,
and the roles are sharply antithetical.
His assignment in Walter Wanger's
"You Only Live Once" starring Syl-
via Sidney and Henry Fonda, call for
the sympathetic role Of public de-
fender. simultaneously. he is play
ing a hard boiled criminal in San
Quentin" for Warmers.
Evening star., 1936-10-25
Bv William A. MilIen.

n YAvY DAY, 1886, which will be
M celebrated on Tuesday. meets
4 Americas merchant marine.
With seven-league boots, the mer-
chant marine of the air is spreading
its giant wings over the seven seas
and bringing back to Old Glory some
OF the romance and dollars secured
by the broad-bosomed American clip
per ships of old. But the surface
vessels of the merchant marine are
not forgotten, because Uncle Sam has
written down in his statute books
q renewed policy to build up these
commerce carriers so that the Stars
and Stripes will be shown again in
the trading ports of the globe.
A new Maritime Commission, un-
der the Craftsmanship of Rear Ad-
miral Henry A. Wiley, U. S. N, re-
tired, has Just been set up by Con-
gress and the Chief Executive with
headquarters in the Department of
Commerce here. The threatened
strike Of shipping workers on the
West Coast late this month etcheS
the new commission even sharper in
the public consciousness.
And so, amid new record-breaking
flights of aircraft. including the Ger
man airship Won Hindenburg and
its American connections, with talk
of a western terminus at Hybla VAL
ley in nearby Virginia or at Balti-
more; the ferment of unrest among
the merchant sailors and new foreign
flag passenger ships vying for the
blue ribbon of the Atlantic, the United
States pauses once again to take
stock of its merchant marine-on the
waves and in the air.
For there is close connection, in
Evening star., 1936-10-25

deed, between Americas merchant
deet and Americas Navy. At the
dawn of the Revolution civilian skip
pers fought the battles Of the new
Republic upon the waters. And ever
since there has been kinship between
the ships that are professional fight
ers and the ships that are carriers
Of cargo and passengers.
~ of policy In the new merchant
marine law that became effective only
the end of June. It declared:
"It Is necessary for the national
and domestic commerce that the
United States shall have a merchant
marine.
"(a) Sufficient to carry its domestic
water-borne commerce and a sub
stantial portion of the water-borne
export and import foreign commerce
of the United States and to provide
shipping service on all routes essen
tial for maintaining the flow of such
domestic and foreign water-borne
commerce at all times.
"(b) Capable of serving as naval
and military auxiliary in time Of war
or national emergency.
"(c) Owned and operated under
the United States flag by citizens OF
the United States in so far as may
be practicable, and
"(d) Composed of the best-equipped,
safest and most suitable types of YES
sels, constructed in the United States
and manned with trained and eff
cient citizen personnel.
"It Is hereby declared to be the
policy of the United States to foster
the development and encourage the
maintenance of such a merchant
marine"
Further emphasizing the close tie
up between Navy and merchant ma
rine, there is provision for the build
ers of merchant craft to submit their
plans to the Navy Department for
approval when applying for a sub
sidy in conjunction with ship con-
struction. This is to see to it that
the national defense aspects of the
problem shall have fulfllment.
Under certain circumstances mer-
chant ships may be constructed in
navy yards If the cost Of building
them in private yards be excessive
The new Maritime Commission is pic.
tured as bearing the same relation
ship to the merchant marine as does
the Interstate Commerce Commission
to the railroads.
THE American merchant marine Il
- the strong right arm of the Navy
afioat, as well is in the air. For in
times of stress. such as the United
States experienced in the dark days
of the World War, the merchant ves-
sels proved invaluable not only for
conversion into men Of war, as car
riers of supplies and troops to far
distant bases, as commerce-raidine
ships, but as q gold mine Of person.
mel replacement for the Navy. Here
at first hand was q reservoir OF
trained seamen, and they proved theiI
worth In the trying days of the war.
OF course, the United States can
commander merchant ships in time
of war, but this can also be done In
times of peace If the necessity be
great enough. This was done when
Q crisis In China was at hand some
Evening star., 1936-10-25
Give in "History."

COLIN CLLvE, star Of the stage
~ and screen, has been signed by
Walter Wagner for an important role
in History Is Made at Night" the
Gene Towne-Graham Baker story,
co-starring Charles Boyer and Jean
Arthur.
History Is Made at Night" will 60
before the cameras shortly, under the
direction of Frank Borzage, as the
second production on the Wagner
schedule.
It will be released through Omitted
Artists.
Evening star., 1936-10-25
Should Know the Story.

CEVENTEEN years ago Douglas Mac
- Lean became an overnight sensa-
ton when he starred in Mary Rob-
erts Rinehart's story, "Twenty-three
and One-Half Hours Leave" which
was made at the present R-K-O-Pathe
Studios,
Evening star., 1936-10-25
By William S. Odlin.

~ ECURRENCE Of Navy day next
- Tuesday will come in the
N midst of worldwide appre-
a ' hension Of another great war,
albeit disagreement on Just where the
battle lines will be drawn, and de-
termination of the United States to
build its Navy up to treaty strength.
These new ships Of war for Uncle
Sam will carry the last word in mod
ern armament, great guns which are
able to wreak destruction upon the
enemy at unbelievable distances. and
1t Is enlightening to trace the develop
ment Of these fearful weapons back
through the years. In all the changes
century and half have brought to
Evening star., 1936-10-25
nation about safe navigation. The
Naval Observatory gives correct time
service to aid in computing positions
at sea, as well as affording other val
liable adjuncts.

A ND the new merchant marine Of
the air the Navy has assisted ma
terially. Experimental hulls of flying
boats were tested out here in the
model testing basin at the Washington
Navy Yard. Out of these lessons came
the present-day clipper ships. with
their excellent performance of trans
Pacific flying. kir-cooled aviation en-
gines the Navy contributed to the in
dustry. Propellers. instruments, safety
devices-these the Navy perfected
over the years.
The Navy blazed the trail across
the Atlantic, shortly after the close
of the war. with its famous Navy
Curtis planes. In the Pacific, too,
the Navy did pioneer work. for Lieut..
Comdr Knef1er McGinnis, former ex-
ecutive officer and commanding OFF,
Evening star., 1936-10-25

n YAVY DAY, 1896, which will be
nj celebrated on Tuesday, meets
" an awakened interest in
4 Americas merchant marine
Evening star., 1936-10-25
Photopays in Washington Theaters This Week
Saturday

jain Wayne in
king Of the Pecos."
Jack Holt in
Crash Donovan"
Warner GLAND in
Charlie Chan at the
Rack Track"
Our Gang comedy.
Irwin s. Cobb in
Pepper" Gloria Stu
art in The Crime of
DR.. EorbeS" Comedy.
Worcester Democrat and the ledger-enterprise. (Pocomoke City, Md.) 1921-1953, 1936-11-06
H. L. Mason. Jr.

II. IL. udSOH
Mr.. Alton Smith of New York spent
the weekend with his parents, Mr..
and Mrs. A. Smith.
The Chi Phi class was entertained
at the home of Mr. and Mrs. K C.
Petit Monday evening.
Mrs. Adclla Sterling of Snow Hill
and Mrs. West of Pittsville spent sew
cral days last week with Mrs. w. H.
Marshall.
Mrs. Ernest Shockley returned
home Saturday from the Peninsula
General Hospital Salisbury.
Mrs. J. F. Nelson and Mr.. and Mrs.
w. C. Nelson and little son of New
Church, spent Wednesday with Miss
Leona Collins.
Mr.. and Mrs. Clifford Taylor of
Belmire, N. j., spent a part of last
week with DR.. w. A. and Miss Sue
Taylor.
Mr.. and Mrs. Thomas Parsons have
returned to their home in Princess
Anne after spending some time with
his parents, Mr. and Mrs. T. S. Par
sons.
Mr.. Gormon Tull of Philadelphia,
spent the weekend with his mother,
Mrs. Florence Tull.
Mr.. James Shockley of Salisbury
spent the weekend with his parents