davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1936-06-04
STARS, MEN AND ATOMS
Notebook of Science Progress in Field.
Laboratory and Study.
BY THOMAS R. HENRY.

In the new Federal penitentiary at
Lewisberg, Pa. the Public Health Service
has psychologists at work in an effort to
discover how criminals as a class differ
from the general population.
The first report based on a statistical
study of the characteristics of the priS-
oners in relation to those of the popula-
ton as a whole in New York, Ohio.
Pennsylvania and New Jersey has just
been made by DR.. B. S. Sanders. The
most notable finding is in respect to age.
For the general male population OF the
four States over l8 years old the average
age is 40 years. The average for the
penitentiary inmates is "a. Averages
alone do not mean much. DR.. Sanders
calculated them with respect to the dis
tribution and found that the prisoners
tended to be grouped closely around the
average. Half their number covered an
age range of only nine years while for
the population AS whole half the num-
ber covered range of nearly 10 years.
Federal statistics for the inmates OF
State institutions compared to the adult
male population of the States themselves
present much the same picture. The
average age of the prisoners is % while
LUc average OIl IIiC OubolOC Id AAlC
Federal prison tends to get higher age
level for its inmates because SO many Of
them are guilty of technical crimes and
such offenseS as violation of the bank
ruptcy act and embezZlement. Young
men, not being in positions OF trust, have
fewer opportunities to commit such
crimes.
A curious difference is shown in the
commitment ages of the native and
foreign born whites. There is higher
rate for the former at all ages above 20.
Below that age there is marked excess
of the foreign born. This showing, DR..
Sanders stresses, suggests the impor-
tance Of cultural conflict in anti-Social
acts.
The average age of the repeater was
found to be approximately the same as
that of the first offender, indicating that
such an individual tends to start
criminal career earlier.
DR.. Sanders statistics show clearly
that some factor is at work between ap-
proximately the 28th and the 34th years
which makes the individual especially
liable to conflicts with the law. After "a
lawbreakers are relatively few, and these
few are likely to be the victims of un-
fortunate accidents raCner IMAM oelDer-
ate plotters and commuters of crime.
Men of 40 do not rob or murder in any
where near the proportion of younger
men. They may speculate unsuccess-
fully with the funds of a bank, or try to
burn down a store to collect the insur-
ance. But these are not deliberately
plotted crimes.
First in the crime list, as shown from
0ff loa Fodarol YHnrifnY7t O
inmates, are the broad class listed as
Evening star., 1936-06-04
Shooting Stars.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
Identical Objective.

Identical Objective.
The good old world still goes ahead
Just like it used to do,
With various good intentions spread
For all mankind to view.
And all of us some plan contrive
To Danish all diSmay;
All for the same result will strive
Each in his own sweet way.
Were for the good of human kind"
Philosophers contend,
But each a different means will find
To reach the common end.
And ever since the world began
We've heard the leaders say
They seek plain uplifting man
Each in a different way.
A good professor used to tell
1--WE called him Uncle Sam
Of how contented forces dwell
In parallelogram.
And forces in all times transmit
Their powers great today;
For progress they must do their bit,
Each in a different way.
Evening star., 1936-06-04

the early morning. During that period
it is necessary to detour around the Zoo
in making progress from the northern
District boundary to Hams Point. Two
fords within the Zoo Park are at times
impossible. This matter requires con-
Sideration and correction. If it is not
deemed desirable to permit traffic
through the Zoo at all hours, a bypass
around that reservation should be pro-
vided That is not difficult of accom-
pliShment, nor will it be unduly expen-
sive. The original plan of a continuous
park drive from the northern to the
southern end of the chain of public
at all hours should be now
carried to completion.
Evening star., 1936-06-04
Lamentable Failure.

Abandonment by the National SYM
phony Orchestra Association of Summer
concerts at the Lincoln Memorial water
gate for this season is deep disappoint-
ment to the thousands of Washington
ianS who have looked forward to q
repetition of the thoroughly enjoyable
concerts Of last Summer. 1t is more than
that. Failure of the association and the
union to settle their dispute in time for
the Summer season carries with it the
threat of not being able to agree at all.
That failure is lamentable, no matter
where the blame may lie.
1t meanS-if this disagreement con-
tinueS-that the patronage of Washing
ton music lovers will be transferred to
outside" musicians who come here with
the orchestras of other cities and the
loss of that patronage to local musicians
1t means that with the most difficult
years behind it and the National SYM
phony Orchestra, safely past the first
hurdles that have spelled defeat for SINH
lar ventures here in the past, we'll on the
way toward the solid establishment await
ing it, the most promising start ever
made toward symphony orchestra for
Washington will have been false start
1t is almost unthinkable that the Ma
tional Symphony Orchestra should be
cut down now. But the threat is i'm
mediate and insistent.
If the musicians union and other in
dividuals believe they can succeed where
the National Symphony Orchestra Asso-
citation has to date met failure, Washing
ton will wish them success, but with the
almost certain knowledge that another
experiment in diSillusionment is about
to be undertaken. Symphony orchestraS
are not born, but made; and the process
of manufacture is tedious, with hazards
and disappointments on every hand
Eliminate the support of those who have
made possible the National Symphony
Orchestra Association, and no number
OF musicians is going to be able to supply
the deficiency.
Evening star., 1936-06-04

general and unspecified labor"-persons
who could not give any regular occupa-
ton. From their numbers in the popu-
lation at large, if criminals appeared in
equal ratios in all occupations, they
would be entitled to approximately Is
prisoners. Actually IA out of the
thousand belonged to this class.
Next in order come the bankers, with
10 more in the Federal prison than their
proportion of the general population
warrants This, of course, is abnormal,
due largely to conviction arising out of
the disturbed financial situation during
the depression. Then, in order, come
wholesale dealers. managers of truck
and cab companies, BARRIERS. servants,
preSsmen, brokers. walters. postmasters,
bakers. mechanics, civil engineers.
chauffers, tailors, bookkeepers, sales
men, musicians and music teachers. saw
mill laborers, lunch room keepers. Gov
ernment officials actors plumbers, mail
carriers and technical engineers.
The fact the Lewisberg is Federal
penitentiary, of course. is responsible
for the bad criminal showing made by
postmasters. mail carriers and Govern
ment officials. whose representation is
1dE OuG VI plOpOl LAOiA W SAACA AANAAAHCAo' o.
Their showing would be far less in a
State institution.
With the technical engineers the scale
turns and all the other occupations given
by the prisoners had smaller and smaller
penitentiary delegations than they were
entitled to by their numbers in the gen.
eral population. In inverse order, the
list is as follows: Physicians and sur
geonS, public service laborerS, store de-
livery men, brick and glass workers,
workers in stores. policemen, guards,
agents and credit men, commercial
travellers, iron and steel workers, clerks
in stores, building trades apprentices,
factory managers and officials, compoS-
itors, retail Dealers carpenters, station
ary engineers. insurance agents, machin-
lists, industrial foremen, industrial labor
ers, farm laborers and farm owners and
tenants. The latter, so far as the Fed
eral penitentiary is concerned, have
perfect crime record in spite Of their
abundance in the four States.
When the occupational classification
is broken up into age groups it is shown.
as might be expected, that the age OF
the business and professional groups is
much higher than that of the others.
The average age of the banker in the
penitentiary is 49, while that of the gen.
eral laborer is 80. A man seldom Is in
the position to commit the crime OF en-
beZzlement until he is nearing middle
age. The crimes of the younger group
usually are those of violence.
Evening star., 1936-06-04
Speaker Byrns.

The administration has suffered
severe blow in the untimely death of
Speaker Byrns and members of Congress,
on both sides of the Capitol, have lost
a dear friend.
BY training and long experience in
the tough school of the House and by
the temperament of a well balanced,
lovable character, Joe" Byrns was emf
nently well qualified for the speakership.
He knew the House and how it worked.
A skilled parliamentarian, he knew all
the tricks. He had that instructive feel
of the turbulent spirit that moves the
House which made the late Nicholas
Longworth a great Speaker. He was a
party man, first and always, and, what
was more, the members respected him
and held him in high affection.
There has not been, in recent years,
a more smoothly functioning machine
than the House under Speaker ByrnS.
Part of its efficiency was due to the
Speakers tolerant wisdom, his personal
on both sides of the aisle, and part of
1t was due to the three strong men of
the House with whom ByrnS worked in
perfect rstanding-Bankhead of
Alabama, the floor leader; OConnor of
New York, chairman of the Rules Com
mittee, and Pat" Boland, who has
clothed the Office of Democratic whip
with more prestige and Importance than
1t has known for many years, Byrns
was lenient as a presiding officer, but
in performing party tasks his machine
functioned ruthlessly. A tribute to his
personal character was the lack of
antagonism or bitterness on the part of
the minority toward the man who
cracked the whip from the drivers seat.
The Speakers active life was spent in
politics He was elected to the tennessee
Legislature four years after graduating
from law school, and met defeat there
after only once in political life that
lasted more than forty years. His rise
to the speakership followed the course
of training that has produced other
Speakers. Most of his years in the
House were spent as member of the
powerful Appropriations Committee, with
which he served as ranking minority
member in the years of Harding, Cool
idge and Hoover, later becoming chair
man. He resigned to become floor leader,
in which position he was serving at the
time of Speaker Raineys death two
years ago next August, After Rainey'S
death there followed the usual flood of
conjectures and guessing as to his sue
Cessor. From his home in Tennessee
Byrns made the simple announcement
that he would be the next Speaker. His
election was marked by almost complete
absence of party struggle that had been
predicted.
The Speakers death leaves memories
of the picturesque, kindly TennesSeean
that will linger long at the Capitol.
Evening star., 1936-06-04
Schools Not Prosperous.

Postmaster General James A. Farley
may be correct in his theory that pros
perity is returning. But the schools of
the United States have not yet begun
to benefit. In 1885 there were forty
thousand fewer teachers working than
in the peak year OF 1929. During the
twelve month period two thousand four
hundred school plants in eighteen States
were closed for lack of funds to keep
them operating Thirty-one thousand
six hundred and seventy-two school dis
tricts in twenty-four States have cut
class time to a greater or lesser extent.
But these figures tell only part of the
sorrowful story. Recently compiled sal
ary statistics show that an army of two
hundred thousand teachers are earning
less than seven hundred and fifty dol
lars year on an average, eighty-five
thousand less than four hundred and
fifty dollars and forty-five thousand less
than three hundred dollars. Moreover,
even such meager wages habitually are
held back. Forty States are obligated in
amount of more than four million dol
lars to instructors, who can do nothing
but wait to be paid.
The situation has tragic implications.
On the one hand it means that thou
sands of children are being inadequately
educated; on the other it signifies that
hundreds of graduates of teachers COL
leges are idle or being DETECTED into
alien employment. The literacy stand
ard of the Nation is falling. Gradually
the population is being robbed of Its
cultural character. In effect it is slip
ping back into ignorance. The same
conditions continuing to prevail through
out the active lifetime of single gen.
Grafton would end in intellectual bank
ruptcy. 1t is a drastic contradiction of
the American tradition that Is involved.
Evening star., 1936-06-04
The Connecting Parkway.

Ever since the creation of Potomac
Park, by the reclamation of the fats,
a project for the connection of that
great reservation with Rock Greek Park
has been in the course of execution. 1t
is now completed, with the opening of
q continuous driveway along Rock Greek,
without coincidence with the streets.
The last link, a viaduct over the creek
below the higher bridge carrying P
street to Georgetown, has been finished
and now is in service. 1t is now possible
to progress from the northern District
boundary through Rock Greek Park and
the Zoo Park, save for a period after
darkness, to Potomac Park to Hams
Point or by detection at the Lincoln
Memorial to Mount Vernon. Thus is
the long g-considered plan consummated.
When Potomac Park was projected the
matter of the treatment of the lower
Greek Valley was undetermined. Two
plans were proposed, one to preserve
the valley as part of the park system,
the other to arch the creek over through
out it's lower stretch, fill up the ground
to bank level and carry the transverse
streets across at grade. This latter
course was wisely rejected and Congress
authorized the preservation of the creek
and the acquisition of the adjacent lands
from private ownership, to form a con-
Meeting parkway For many years this
has been in course of consummation.
There were conflicting rights in the way.
The process of acquiring titles was slow.
Funds we're granted haltingly. The
years passed with seemingly little prog
ress. But section by section the work
went on, the area was finally secured to
public use and now at last the final link
in the chair of wholly park driveways
has been completed.
There remains, however, one feature
of the general plan to be undertaken.
The geological Park is closed to trafic
after sundown and remains closed until
Evening star., 1936-06-04
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL.
Increase in the number Of garden pools
Ia A hAnnY sign Of hammer gardening

Increase in the number Of garden pools
Is happy sign Of happier gardening.
Nothing adds quite so much interest
to an average small garden as a pool
well stocked with goldf1shes, water lilies
and oxygenating plants.
There is just one warning:
Be careful that the aquarist's bug"
does not bite you, else by Winter your
home will be filled with tropical fish
aquariums.
Men especially need this warning;
women not so much so.
The tropical fish enthusiast usually is
male, just as the canary bird fan" usu-
ceptions, of course.
a pool for water lilies really are doing it
to acquire fishes, although they do not
realize it at the time.
After a Summer spent watching the
goldfisheS grow, the owner will think to
himself, well, I guess 1 will just put
q few Of them in an aquarium for the
sun porch"
The first thing he knows he has out
grown his one tank and buys another
Once he has it set up, with sand, and
plants growing nicely, he just believes
he will try a few of those odd-looking
fishes he saw some place-what do you
call EN-? Oh, yes, angel fishes!
Once the scalare, as they are called,
are installed. he finds the tropical fish
bug" has him groggy.
Thereafter it is matter OF more tanks,
more fishes of many varieties or species,
more delving into the lore of the water,
interest in strange insects, interest in
microscopy, the relative acidity and
alkalinity of water
These and many other interesting
things come into the lives of many of
those who establish small garden pools,
although at the time they have not the
slightest suspicion of their increasing
interest.
These are good interests. of course, so
the warning held out here is not to be
feared. but, on the other hand, is rather
to be regarded as a friendly hand point
ing out the way to increased happiness
in life.
For the present, however, interest in
the pool is enough.
@AAAA "a tAAAo AAASSASob oOOPo bAANASs SNAAA
it is enough.
There are few occupations more inter
eSting than establishing a pool, or small
fish pond, in the garden.
1t should be located, If one wishes
plenty of lily blossoms, in full sunshine.
The more sun the better for most
water lilies
Plenty of light, however, often brings
about that bane of pool owners, too
much green algae, which turns pretty
pool into a large container of pea soup
to all appearances.
How to get rid Of this colony of mil
lions Of minute, free-living algae plants
is one of the greatest problems of the
water gardener. one which will rise to
poster him as long as he has pool.
Use copper" some will say, but We
say:
Never use copper in any form.
1t is dangerous.
You will hear tall tales of pools being
cleared by placing a few copper pennies
in the water, or dropping length of old
copper downspout or the like beneath
the lily pads
If water clears after this it is only
coincidence.
The salts of copper, or of almost any
Evening star., 1936-06-04

Therefore, the problem is basic in its
implications.
Meanwhile, Congress allots a billion
and q half dollars for work-relief prof.
ects, few of which have any permanent
value. The money, actually, is dedi-
Gated to boondoggling enterprises. Yet
even the humbleSt of citizens Is con-
scious of the need for more education.
1t is crying shame that the New Deal
has not been equally school-minded. A
change in policy in that direction would
be welcomed by multitude of people
who entertain a natural faith in learn
ing as bulwark of democracy.
Evening star., 1936-06-04

S out of the So delegate contests, and
those five are expected to stick to the
Idaho Senator as long as he is in the
running.
New Hampshire is out here working
hard for the nomination of his old
friend, Col. Frank Knox, Chicago news
paper publisher, for the presidential
nomination. He insists that the Landon
presidential boom is synthetic" and that
it will fade out more quickly than it has
arisen. Knox, he says, is the strongest
candidate in the race and will eventually
be nominated.
Evening star., 1936-06-04
Confession.

Most of your activities consist Of tell
ing the people of unpleasant conse-
quences if they fail to take your advice.
And you draw Government wages merely
for prophecy"
YES" answered Senator Sorghum
meekly. I'm afraid I'm what you might
call one of the propheteers."
Evening star., 1936-06-04
A Rhyme at Twilight
BY
Gertrude Brooke Hamilton
His Sweetheart.

She looked like pure toned pearl
But a pearl lacks movement. life.
More she seemed graceful tree
Never touched by pruning knife.
Even more Sun-kiSSed flower
With stem fragile reed
But the faireSt flower that grows
Is at heart only a weed.
Neither slender tree nor flower,
Nor some rare and perfect pearl
Just herself-a gift from Heaven
Just his own beloved grill
Evening star., 1936-06-04

American politics has the great advan-
tage of compelling cancellations. Rivals
for a nomination must not lose sight of
an obligation to become future team
workers.
Evening star., 1936-06-04

AS the official spender of relief funds,
Mr. Hopkins is compelled to figure as
referee in the eternal contest between
the get its" and the "go withouts"
Evening star., 1936-06-04

Another strong point in favor of Alf
Landon is the ancient and accepted belief
that in Kansas anything can happen,
from a cyclene to a sunhower.
Evening star., 1936-06-04
An Unspoken Retort.

From the Sioux City Tribune.
1t hasn't happened but we have been
waiting for some unterrified Democrat
to greet one of Dickinson's speeches with
a raucous cry Of dog meat!"
Evening star., 1936-06-04

Wealth yields to a perpetual demo-
cratic influence. The more money
man has the louder he is likely to COM
plain about his taxes.
Evening star., 1936-06-04

Discussions about saluting the flag
cause surprise chiefly by the discovery
that there could be any hesitancy in the
matter.
Evening star., 1936-06-04
An Alternative.

From the Toronto Globe.
Young Attorney-And if it please the
court, if I am wrong in this, l have
another point that is equally conclusive.
Evening star., 1936-06-04

Jud Tunkins says a good many folks
find it easy to laugh at misfortune pro-
vided it amt one of their own.
Evening star., 1936-06-04
UnDrepared.

From the Indianapolis News.
Congress might save time If 1t always
had a new plan ready to take the place
of the one that will be declared un-
constitutional
Evening star., 1936-06-04
Future Taxpayers.

From the Pontiac CMch0 Press.
In one thing we know the youths Of
America will surpass their fathers.
They're going to be much bigger tax
payers.
Evening star., 1936-06-04
StraightfOrwardneSs-The Myster!

StraightfOrwardness- Mystery.
My Uncle Jim, he always tried
To hold a steady course.
The methods he has not applied
OF trickery or force.
He said, What is to be must come
In Earth'S eternal plan,
And no one tries, unless he's dumb,
To cheat his fellow man."
Where things turn out in just the way
My Uncle Jim foretold,
Jim is a wizard" some will say,
mysterious and bold"
When cunning schemers disagree
And cause conditions grim,
The simple wisdom seems to be
With folks like Uncle jim.
Evening star., 1936-06-04
Education and Climate.

From the Wstertown IN " Times
Some of these colleges might give
few degrees to the thermometer.
Evening star., 1936-06-04
Member of the Associated Press.

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to
the use for republication of all news dispatches
credited to IL or not otherwise credited in this
paper and also the local news published herein.
AL rlghtS OF publication of special dispatches
herein also reserved
Evening star., 1936-06-04
Finance.

Finance.
A golden dollar is circle yellow
Which goes around so fast
That it leaves many a poor, benighted
fellow
In dizziness at last.
"Mebbe a man can be overburdened
wifi good intentions" said Uncle Eben,
IAN be so skeered of doin sunnpin' wrong
dat hs don't do nufdn'."
Evening star., 1936-06-04
Color Scheme.

"Why do you persist in looking on the
dark side?"
For variety's sake" answered Mr..
Dustin Stax. I'm tired of having to
study entries in red ink"
Evening star., 1936-06-04
Rate by Carrier Within the City.

Eisht Final Star, 80, '.----55c per month
Orders may be sent by mail or telephone Ma
Evening star., 1936-06-04

@. Do bats carry bedbugs?-D. A.
A. Bats are sometimes attacked by in
sects which resemble bedbugs, but they
are not the same. They do not attack
human beings and do not have the same
habits.
Evening star., 1936-06-04
ANSWERS TO
QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC J. HASKTN.

A reader can get the dnswer to any
question q fact by wrtttng The Eveniro
Star Information Bureau, Frederic J.
Hdskin, Director, Washington, D. C.
Please tnclose stamp for reply.
Q. Are many children assisted BY
Travellers Aid?-E r.
A. Travellers Aid workers throughout
the country last year assisted 90. .l39 chill
dren under is years Of age travelling
alone. In addition, 4O,991 more children
were in families which received as
siStance.
Evening star., 1936-06-04

@. How large is Hyde Park, in Lon
don?-H. G..
A. Hyde Park, with the adjoining
Kensington Gardens, covers $50 acres,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-06-20

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