Evening star., 1936-10-12
TOXIC PROTESTS
TWO NEW CLASHES
Fight With Manchukuoan
Troops Reported-Nine-
Power Treaty Appeal.
BACKGROUND

o0SA IA 3kbSO4NA-
Japan, since its conquest OF
Manchuria in 1882. has penetrated
gradually into North China prop-
inces NTH accompanying border
clashes and tense International re-
ldtions. Last meek Japdn's AM
bdssddor to China iDds understood
to haze demanded, in conferences
NTH the Chinese dictator, Gener-
alissimo Chang Kai-Shek. auton-
on,y for fue North China provinces.
Chang declared the demands
Dere "eTcesstDe."
The United States inuoked the
nine-potDer pact In January, 1882,
phen Japan uas in the process OF
seising Mdnchurtd. which 1t later
made into the separate country OF
Mdnchukuo, theoretically indepen-
dent but actually under strong
japanese influence.
Secretary OF State Stimson at
that time sent note to Toxic de-
claring the United States Dould
adhere to its rights under the nine
poiDer pact. as UeH as under the
Kellogg anti-,Dar treaty.
Ry the Associated Press.
TOXIC, October l2.-Two new
clashes between Russian and Man.
chukuoan troops on the northern Ko-
rean border brought a Japanese pro-
test from the Toxic government today.
Foreign Minister Hachiro Arita in
structed the Japanese Embassy in
Moscow to protest the incidents.
The clashes were reported to have
occurred near Chientao yesterday.
Strong reinforcements were reported
rushed to both sides of the border
after the clash between the guard
forces
Domestic Crisis Studied.
A domestic crisis arising from army
demands for revision Of the govern
ment meanwhile was being studied
by Premier Koki Hirota.
The premier was to confer with
Lieut.. Gen. Juichi Terauchi. minister
of war, on the military demand for
appointment Of new minister charged
with formulating national policy.
Some neutral observers feared the
demand might result in cabinet resig-
nations If the military officials pressed
for action before Parliament meets.
The problem which perplexed OFF,
cials was the necessity for arriving at
decision as to whether the army's
powers should be extended. Many
well informed persons envisaged
bitter battle between the military
leaders and heads Of the civil faction
in the government.
Nine Power Treaty Appeal
The newspaper Kokumin said today
thesJapanese government has been in
formed Great Britain has urged sigma
tories Of the nine-power treaty to join
Britain in q protest against Japan's
alleged demands" on China.
The newspaper declared Britain
particularly objected to reported de-
mands for complete independence of
North China and the right to station
japanese troops on the Yangste River"
(The nine power treaty was mutual
agreement to respect China's terri
torial integrity. The signatories were
the United States. Japan. China, the
British Empire, France, Belgium, the
Netherlands, italy and PortugaD.
"Open Door" Declared Threatened.
Great Britain. Kokumin said. told
the other signatories that such jap
anese demands would destroy the
open door" in China, the principle
of Chinas equality and the territorial
integrity Of China.
The newspaper printed the account
under the headline, "Britain's faith
less action" 1t said the Japanese
foreign Office had received a report
disclosing "a large scale international
conspiracy" by the British govern
ment against Japan in the present
Sino-Japanese crisis.
The Japanese foreign office, Ko-
kumin added, refrained from reveal
ing the facts of the British govern
ment's action because it feared such
a disclosure might cause rupture Of
Anglo-Japanese relations.
The newspaper expressed the opin-
ion that the United States-on which,
it said, Great Britain placed great re-
lance of support-proBably would re-
ject the British proposal.
Situation Declared Critical.
Kazuye Kuwashima, chief of the
Eastern Asiatic bureau OF the foreign
ofice, said on his return today from
Nanking he could not guarantee"
there would be no war between China
and Japan. Relations between the
two countries. he declared, were still
at a very critical stage.
American and British diplomats in
China, Kuwashima said, were greatly
concerned over the situation and were
trying to obtain all information pos
sible.