davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
La gaceta., 1936-10-21
M VENIR A TAMPA
Ell. EMBAJADOR ESPANOL
DON FERNANDO DE
LOS RIOS

Ccntestsndo a un telegrama
cue lie remitiera ell Comite de
Defensa del Frente Popular, ba
sa!o en- una proposition que
en- el mitin del pasRdo jreves
hi itra maestro director, Sr.
V cio-:ano Manteiga, ell emba-
jadcr de Espana en- la capital
americana, Don Fernando de
los Rios, Ell ilustre catedratico
Y Grader, msnd hoy ell siguien
e Gespatho:
Jose Mart nez,
Ia Gaceta,
Tampa.
Agradezco inmensamente
cooperation ese Comite y or
ganizac.ones y periodico que
10 integran. Acepto gustoso SUI
invitacion para ir a Tampa
quedando pendiente fijar fe =
cha de ocupaciOnes cue de mo
mento tengo. lie saluda atenta-
mente Fernando de los Rios.
Esta es una gratisima noti-
cia para la cOlonia espahola
de Tampa y la colonia latina,
porque todos nos hallamos her
manados en- la defensa de la
Republica espanola.
Cuando Don Fernando ven-
ga sc lie hara uno de los mas
grandes y enthusiasts recibi-
mientos de la historic de Tam
pa. Representa- a la Espaha de
la libertad, a la Espaha del
pueblo y de la Humankind.
La gaceta., 1936-10-21

Madrid, Octubre 21.-Julio
Alvarez del Vayo, ell nuevo conf
ario general de guerra del go
ierno de Madrid, llam6 hoy al
preblo a las armas para comba-
ir a los moros Y legionarios que
atan de llegar a la capital.
La intensa propaganda del 90
'isario informa al pueblo que
Ia llegado ell momento de COM
atir por sus vidas y formar u
ia poderosa organization de re-
istencia. "Desde ell frente los
n~ilicianos pueden volver, pero
eel patibulo de los fascistas no
ie retorna." LA hora decisiva
para Madrid ha llegado." "Fe,
serenidad. decision y energia."
Hasta ahora ell pueblo habia
deiado la defensa de la capital
EN- las manos de las tropas lea
les Y los milicianos. Los HON :
bres entrenados a toda prisa
IAN venido siendO batidos por
las mas adiestradas tropas de
Franco. Los legionarios, seg1n
los fascistas, llegaron en- un pun
to hasta 16 millas del aerodro-
mo de Getafe, siendo rechazaA
dos.
La primera EN- responder a la
llamada de Alvarez del Vayo
fue la Union General de Traba-
jadores, que public6 un mani :
fiesto pidiendo a todos sus
miembros Sc preparen para la
mOvilizaci6n. Otras organizacid
mes obreras siguieron inmedia-
tamente a esa colectividad, que
depende del partido Socialista
y viceversa. Miles de hombres
Sc alinearon frente a los luga :
res de reclutamiento, dejando ell
trabajo para defender la CAPT
tai. En- pocas horas ell cambio has
lido asombroso entire los Obre-
ros de la capital. La mayor par
te de los reclutas no tienen to-
davia armas y tampoco unifor-
mes. Con buenas frazadas Sc de
fienden del frio. Cuando ell mo-
mento llegue los nCevos milicia-
nos seran llevados al frente EN-
automobiles y autobuses. Dicese
que las armas les seran entrega'
das cuando lleguen al frente.
Los reelutas reforzaran los
puntos debiles a 10 largo de las
lineas de combate. Uno de los
puntos estrategicos que ell go
bierno desea mantener Sc halla
situado en- las cercanias de A
ranjuez, a % millas dc Madrid.
Trenes cargados de tropas, mu-
niciones, provisiones Y sacos de
arena han salido de la estaci6n
central en- la direction de Ali
cante. Camiones cargados co
La gaceta., 1936-10-21
Julio Alvarez del Vayo moviiza a
los trabajadores para impedir que
Madrid caiga en- poder de los f~accioSos
"Se vuelve del frente de guerra, pero no Sc
retorna del patibulo de los traidores"
in seriodico fascista de Lisboa dio la falsa noti-
. cia de que Largo Caballero habia matado
a Indalecio Prieto

| rren hacia ell sur, en- direction
lie Torrej6n de la Calzada, Ma
v%alcarnero Y otros lugares al oes
te de FL Escorial.
Ell general Jose Asensio, jefe
de la defensa de Madrid, traba-
ia sin descanso, mandando 6rde
mes por medic de sus ayudan :
ties.
Los obreros marchan en- ca
miones hacia las afueras de Ia
poblaci6n, donde Sc abren trim
cheras Y Sc establecen fortifi-
caciones. En- la mayor parte de
las plazas de la ciudad sc han
levantado estructuras, en- forma
de conos, con una altura de 100
pies. Made sabe para 10 que son
pero sup6nese que tienen rela-
ci6n con las defensas AREAS.
I'm peri6dico de Lisboa publ
co la nefanda falsa noticia de
que Largo Caballero habia re-
lido con Indaiecio Prieto, minis
trO de marina y aviaci6n, Y que
lie habia matado. El peri6dico
describe a Prieto pidiendo la en-
trega de Madrid a los rebeldes.
Sabese que Largo Caballero y
Don Indalecio mantienen las
mas cordiales relaciones y pre-
fieren la muerte a la captura de
Madrid por los facciosos.
Ell gobierno ha tornado ell a.
acuerdo de pagan en- Ell extran-
jero deudas que montan a $780,
100000 de frances, con ell fin de
rehabilitar por complete su Gre
ditto comercial en- Otros paises.
La decision es importantisi-
ma porque de un momento a O.
tro sc espera que Russia denun-
Gle ell pacto de no-intervenci6n.
FL gobiernO de Madrid decla-
r6 aver que los rebeldes jamas
Sc apoderaran de la capital. I'm
alto funcionario hablandO aver
con los corresponsales extranje-
ros dijo que los ministries Sc
lquedaran en- Madrid, pase ID
que pase, y que ei viaje del pre-
sidente Azana tiene poca sig
nificaci6n, dado que en- Espaha,
bajo la Constitution, no gobier-
ma ell presidente sino ell primer
ministro y su gabinete.
I'm decreto de aver disuelve
Ia Junta Nacional de Milicias
y crea una nueva junta para SUI
pervisar a los milicianos. Por
medic del decreto sc militariza
y Sc ponen bajo ell dominic del
ministerio de la guerra todas
las fuerzas de milicias que aho-
ra Sc baten en- Ell frente. Los
hombres de la retaguardia Sc
guiran bajo las 6rdenes del di-
rector general de seguridad.
La gaceta., 1936-10-21
Oferta AceptddG

FL a~yuntamiento autoriz6 a
noche al Sr. Chancey, ell alcalde,
para aceptar una oferta de con-
version de bonos hecha por la.
compahia Norman S. Taber, de
New York. La conversion Sc ha-
ra con un interes menor del que
ahora sc paga. Once concejales
yotaron a favor y uno en- contra
ell Sr. Watson. Desde hace IL sc
manas Sc viene discutiendo la o.
peraci6n, que al fin Sc verifica-
ri.
La gaceta., 1936-10-21
) NEws-wEEE

frente Ce una casa cOmercial.
Ell gobierno de Madrid trata
por todos los medios a su alcan-
ce de levantar la moral de los
milicianos. La escasez de comes
tibles es apreciable y los trenes
salem hacia Barcelona y Valen-
cia cargados con nihos y mu-
jeres.
En- horas de la noahe los pea
tones son deteRidos por los mill
cianos y tienen que mostrar sus
permisos. Ell principal objective
de Franco, segln Sc dice, es cor
tar la communication ferrocarr.-
lera entire la capital Y Valencia.
La valentia de los milicianos
es indiscutible, lpero su organi-
zaci6n lamentable. Siempre hay
comandantes politicos y conan
dantes militares y algunas We
ces acontece que eun Official CO.
misionado es ell jefe politico y
un politico es ell comandante mi
litar. Ell resultado es ell des6r-
den permanente. En- ell frente
de Santa Cruz del Retamar un
corresponsal extranjero vic a
dos oficiales que Sc insultaban
copiosamente, mientras los mi
licianOs escuchaban y Sc reian.
En- otros sectores, en- Olias del
Rey, hay IN mando firme y los
j6venes soldados han probado
su valor, rechazando a los insur
gentes. 81 no han Obtenido vic
t%orias, por 10 menos han tenido
6xitos locales. En- Navalperal
las Columns de Mangada en- re
petidas ocasiones demostraron
su valor. Donde los politicos
mandan, Ell enemigo avanza.
A pesar de todas las negati-
vas oficiales es un hecho indis-
putable que despues de la firma
1el pactO de no-intervenci6n
nan llegRdo a los leales diez ae-
roplanos Potez, catorce Devoi-
tine y seis Liore ct Olivier. 20
photos franceses y 40 mccain :
,os Sc alojan en- Ell hotel Florida
le Madrid. la mayor parte pa
recen desanimados y desilusio-
nados.
Creese que cada Uno de los a.
p%aratos Olivier esta armada con
cuatro ametralladoras.
Es una equivocaci6n conside-
rar que los moros son m%eiores
combatientes que los espaholes.
Ell exito del general Franco Sc
debe prineipalmente a la sUpe-
rioridad de sus trOpas sobre las
milicias, pero solo en- la superio-
ridad de Ia organization y Ell ar
mament0.
La gaceta., 1936-10-21

las consecuencias que el cruzar-
Sc de brazos ha producido".
"Ser neutrales en- la guerra
europea fu6 una vileza. Los re-
publicanos e~spaholes no 10 fui-
mos. Muchos ~espaholes murie-
ron en- las trincheras de Fran
cia. Yo fui franc6filo. FL serlo
me vali6 mas de trescientos pro
cesos. Ser neutrales ahora en-
traha una responsibilities ma
yor." I
La gaceta., 1936-10-21

Ell "euento" del reparto de la RI
$3.50 y Sc arLm6 al.viejo Tow.
send, ell autor AZ plan de pen
stones.
Townsend, que m.esitaba a
IN individuo ode empuje", reci-
bio a Smith con Jos brazos a
bier emOcionaba oyen-
dole sus vibfSrAes arengas 'mer
cenarias'.
Y ahora, cuando va es algo
tarde, lie aseSta un puntapie a
Smith y lie expulsa por fascista.
GCuando hara ell viejo algo
parecido con ell curita Coughlin,
un fascista mas peligroso que
Smith porque es menos vulgar
y trata de ampararse indirecta-
mente en- ell preStigio y la rlqre-
"a de la iglesia cat6lica?
Nunca debi6 ell Sr. Townsend
confundir ell plan con la politi-
Iueria v en- csc error cay6 allan
lose con Smith Y Coughlin.
iCuando rectificara la equi-
vocation de apoyar a Landon
IN contra de Roosevelt sirvien7
10 la causa de los republicanOs
reaccionarios?
La gaceta., 1936-10-21

Refiriendose al nuevo gobier-
no de la RepGblica Espanola, ell
que preside don Francisco Lar
go Caballero, ell exministro v
diputado Don Marcelino Domin
go declare en- Francia 10 siguien
tie:
Gel gobierno de Espaha es Ell
del Frenbe Popular. Su signifi-
caci6n no es socialists nj comu-
nista, sine republican,. Convie-
ne repetir que en- ell Frente Po-
pular espanol, donde son posi-
bles muchos gobiernos, la carac
t~eristica comIn es esta: La de-
fensa de legalidad republican,.
Todo 10 que Sc piense en- contra
rio es no concerto, y TODD 10
Eue Sc olga en- contrario es a.
gravarnos. Largo Caballero sc
propone acabar con la organiza
ci6n de las milicias que susti-
tuyan al ejercito que ha hecho
TRACTION; unificar dentro de una
sola direction la naci6n comba-
tiva; disciplinar dentro de la
ley republican, a la ~poblacion
:ivil, asegurando cada momen-
20 mas la autoridad del gobier-
no legal: demOstrar la adhesion
del proletariado a la RepGblica
democratica'.
"Habrian de ser las democra
cias europeas las que Sc Sintie-
ran acknowledgements identifi-
cadas con la democracia espa-
nola."
Habrian de ser las democra-
cias que ell problema sangrante
Y sangriento que hoy tiene la
demOcracia espanola es ell pro-
blema universal de la democra-
cia. Nc Sc comprende en- todos
los paises asi. FL proletariado 81
10 cOmprende, Y por este, ell pro
letariado universal Sc siente al
lado del proletariado espahol,
deeidido a todo."
la neutralidad equivale a
Ia irresponsabilidad o a compile
cidad. Europa renuncia a 10 mas
alto que habia en- ella, su de-
fensa del Poder civil legal, su
respetO al derecho, cuando Sc
declara neutral. Una Europa
neutral ante un crimen politico
monstrUoso, como ell de la insu-
rrecci6n de Espaha, ha dejado
de ser Europa. Los dem6cra-
tas ~neutrales no ven, por otra
parte este: Que Espaha en- este
momento, es la primera trim
chera de un campo de batalla,
que por encima de todas las
~frOnteras Sc extiende por TODD
ell territorio de la demOcracia.
Los que Sc asustan hoy y Sc cru
ian de brazos tai vez Sc asusten
mas mahana. euando adviertan
La gaceta., 1936-10-21

Mr.. Browder tratara de ma
blair e | domingo en- esta ciudad,
detras del edificio de la Cana
ra de Concrete.
Nosotros pedimos que Sc lie
dele prOnunciar su discurso de
mOdo que vaya, disipandose la
reputation de "intransigencia"
que Tampa tiene.
Meter en- la carcel a los conn
nistas, perseguirlos sin motives
justificados, es hacer propagan
da a sus ideas.
Los ideales no pueden ser des
truidos por la violencia y a la
democracia tOca ell permitir que
todos los hombres digan 10 que
piensan.
Mr.. Browder tiene algunos
amigos politicos en- Tampa, a
mericanos y latinos, y su ora
ci6n no restara votOs al cand:-
dato de la il ensa mayoria, ell
hombre que su pueblo lucha,
,aakr ilustre anklyn D. ROose-
La gaceta., 1936-10-21
Fdbrica de Gas

La ciudad de Plant City, pOr
229 votos contra 81, acOrd6 a
yer una emission de bonos de
$4,000 para una fabrica de gas.
de prOpiedad municipal. A Ia
La gaceta., 1936-10-21

PWA sc lie pedira un prestamo
con tai fin.
La COmisi6n del SerVicio CiviI
Ante el tribunal supreme del
estado, en- Tallahassee, Sc efec-
tuara hoy un juicio mediante ell
cual Sc determinaran los pode-
res de la comisi6n del servicio
civil de la ciudad de Tampa. La
comisi6n discute ell derecho del
alcalde Chancey a cesantear q
cinco empleados que solicitan
ser repuestos.
Representa- a la ciudad Ell le-
tradO Rafael Marsicano v a IA
comisi6n Ell Sr. e. B. Drum
right.
La gaceta., 1936-10-21
NOTTCIAS DE INTERES LOCAL

PWA Sc lie pedira un prestamo
con tai fin.
La gaceta., 1936-10-21

Gutierrez con los Fdscistas
FL Times publica hoy IN
lPasa a "a la,l
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1936-02-20
History of Slavery in
New World an Ugly One

The history of slavery in the New
world is an ugly one, replete with
stories of the inhuman cruelty which
was often inflicted by slaye-owners
upon the unfortunate wretches who,
through accident Of birth, were
doomed to a life of servitude. Prob
ably nowhere were slaves more harsh
ly treated than in the British-owned
island of Jamaica in the West Indies,
declares a writer in the Philadelphia
Record.
During the early days of the colony,
thousands of negroes were seized in
Africa and imported to work on the
large plantations. The sufferings of
these unfortunates is almost indescrib-
able. They were packed like cattle in
the pitch-dark, reeking holds Of the
slave ships. chained hand and foot to
the walls and floors. Often pestilence
broke out among them, and they were
allowed to die and rot by the crew,
who, fearing to catch the disease
themselves, lowered food and water to
them through an opening in the deck.
The ship resounded with the means
and prayers of the dying the
screams of a mother clutching dead
baby in her withered arms.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1936-02-20
Tibet's High Mountains
Feature of STRANGE T..

Tibet, most mysterious of countrio,
Of central Asia, is a land chiefly =,
ups and downs, notes a writer in N.
Chicago Tribune. High mountain rarco,
there are cut by narrow valleys fha
whole Of the country being so rupras
and rocky that it is capable Of supn0rt
ing a population of barely three mil
lion souls. A stable proportion a,
these are lamas, or priests who dwol,
within lamaseries that cling perilouslv
to the steep slopes Of the awe-insnir
ing mountains.
On the occasional lofty plateau in
this strange land the people carry ON
a precarious form of agriculture and
tend their small droves of yaks, great
shaggy oxen that are found in tho
country also in wild state.
The religion Of Tibet is form ~
Buddhism known as Lamaism. II IN.
cludes a widespread belief in rein.
carnation. The head of the church
who likewise is the head of the state
bears the title of Dalai lama. Second
in authority in the country and the
church is the Tashi lama, to whom are
attributed great spiritual powers.
Since the Jesuit fathers Grueber
and D'Orville visited Tibet in 1861
few Europeans or other aliens have
been permitted to cross it's borders
to visit the sacred cities of Lhasa and
Shigatse.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1936-02-20
Hotel or Inn Different
in Some Other Countries

In England anything from a private
house with couple of rooms to let
to a huge establishment, with hun
dreds of rooms, run on the most up-to-
date lines-can be described by its
owner as a hotel, says Pearson's
Weekly.
In Scotland an inn or hotel is de-
! fined, under the licensing act, as a
place of accommodation having not
fewer than four apartments set apart
exclusively for the sleeping accommo-
dalton of travellers.
But in Vienna, Austria, no establish
ment may call itself hotel unless it
has at least so bedrooms. Outside
Vienna the rooms must not be fewer
than 80 Also, fixed proportion of
the rooms must be equipped with a
certain standard of comfort
The main requirements that are de-
manded by Portuguese law are quaint
ly described as "a properly dressed
staff, a spotlessly clean DINING room
with little tables, an entrance as large
as possible, and electric light if OBJ
tainable."
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1936-02-20
Bactrian Camel, Central
Asia's Beast of Burden

Quite lot of people think that
camel with two humps is not camel
at all but "dromedary." This is not
so. The two-humped animal, which for
many centuries has been the mainstay
Of Central Asian transport, is the
Bactrian camel, states a writer in the
Montreal Herald.
1t is shorter in the leg and has
stouter and harder feet than its rela-
lions in warmer climes, and its thick
hair enables it to withstand the bitter
winds and icy cold of winter in Cen
trail Asia.
The dromedary is a name given to
the swift riding camel of Arabia and
North Africa to distinguish it from the
ordinary pack-carrying camels so IA
miliar to us in pictures of caravans.
Speaking generally, the two-humped
animal is found in cold climates and
the One-humped in warmer regions,
such as Arabia, North Africa, Sahara,
Egypt, Sudan, etc. Both kinds have
the same well-known capacity of stor-
ing water, a quality that makes them
invaluable in regions where wells and
cases may be hundreds of miles apart.
A drOmedary will keep a steady eight
to ten miles an hour across shifting,
burning desert sand, and, by absorbing
the nutriment in its hump and drawing
on its reserves of water, is able to
continue for an extraordinary length
of time.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1936-02-20
Wrote "When You and l
Were Young Maggie" Song

The place made famous by the old
love song "When You and l Were
Young Maggie" is at Ducktown, Tenn,
near a creaking old mill which ground
meal for the Indians and pioneers,
and the occasion, the return OF an
aged couple to the scene of their ro-
nance, relates q writer in the Cleve-
land Plain Dealer.
The site is marked by tablet placed
there by the Daughters of the Amer
lean Revolution, which tells all about
it, and about the author, George W.
johnson, who there met, wooed and
married Maggie Harris, and who years
afterward wrote the poem about her.
Early in the Eighteenth century,
Johnson, who, according to historians,
was rambler and hunter of gold,
heard strange tales from the Indians
about wealth in the mountains of east
Tennessee. Johnson loaded his canoe
and took off from his home near the
mouth of the Hiwassee river. Follow
ing the river he reached Spring creek,
which finally became so shallow he
abandoned his canoe and walked.
Hearing a creaking mill far up the
creek johnson strobe in that direction.
And then he saw Maggie. He gave
up his search for gold and stayed
around until he had won her, and
then took her to his home down the
river.
Years afterward when both were
aged and gray they returned to the
hills, and the scene of the old mill
where Maggie lived when she was
young. This inspired Johnson to write
the poem. His poem was found later
by a musician. ]. A. Butterfield, who
set it to music.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1936-02-20
when March Wa. First Month

Until 1897 Venice began the year
on March 1. March was "the first
month" to the early Christians.
Throughout the Middle ages the year
might begin on different dates in diff
ferent places, and styles of reckoning
took their names from towns. In many
Benedictine monasteries the year was
reckoned from Christmas as late as the
beginning Of the Fourteenth century,
and this custom persisted even longer
in England. In that country the new
style calendar was not adopted until
1851, although Scotland adopted 1t In
1899 and Holland first of all, in 1882.
Dates in the Ecclesiastical History
of the Venerable Bede were more con-
fusing than they are before Doctor
Poole, the England scholar, explained
that that he used the Greek Indiction
beginning September l. The Easter
cycle calculations of Dionysius became
the Roman Catholic, but other tables
than his were earlier used in Rome.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1936-02-20
Old Morse Mythology

In the Sogne Fjord in Norway
that hundred miles of wild, gloomy
gorges-old Morse mythology had its
last home. These rugged rocks, tow
ering at times 5000 feet above the
deeps of the fjord, echoed the clam
orous war cries of Viking warriors for
ages. In the mysterious recesses of its
wandering ravines the trolls and
gnomes of fell and forest and the wor-
shippers of Odin, Thor and Freya held
out longest against the faith of "the
White Christ" So mysterious are
some Of these ravines that the sun
does not penetrate for weeks together.
Northward stretches the Jostedalbrae,
the largest ice field in Europe, cover
ing an area of nearly GOO square
miles.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1936-02-20
Much Food in Sea

Scientists say that if ever the food
supply of the world peters out, it will
be possible to live in perfect health on
marine products. The sea has an IL
limitable supply Of edible matter in
the form of fish as we'll as vegetation,
and sufficient minerals to enable our
industries to continue indefinitely. To
day, almost the only vegetable foods
we get from the sea are in the form of
seaweeds, which are extremely nutri-
tious. A recent analysis Of dried kelp
shows it to have total mineral con-
tent of 80 per cent, and the elements
in it are chlorine. potassium, sodium,
calcium, sulphur, magnesium, phos-
phorus, iodine, iron, manganese, and
copper. Spectrographic analysis has
revealed that there are other minerals,
but in exceedingly minute quantities.
-Tit-Bits Magazine.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1936-02-20
Cloves Long in Use

Gloves are very ancient articles of
dress. Clumsy but serviceable leather
gloves. sewn with leather thread, have
been found among the relics of cave
dwellers. The ancient Greeks used
them to protect the hands while doing
heavy work. and the Romans wore
them as ornaments and a mark Of
rank. Northern nations always pro-
tected their hands more or less. by
gloves or otherwise, against winter
cold, but gloves did not become with
them an important article of dress
until the development of the custom
of carrying pet falcon on the wrist
They began then to be made in most
deliberately ornamented and embroid-
cred forms. A guild of glove makers
was organized in France as early as
1870
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1936-02-20
Oliver Cromwell a. Dictator

There is little disputing the fact
that Oliver Cromwell, during his office
as Lord Protector of England, exer-
cised dictatorial powers. although in
his announcements he invariably as
ISOLATED himself with the parliament
and acted in cooperation with the
parliament when that body was sitting.
In its absence he alone decided mat
tiers of state, but persisted until his
death in accepting only the title of
Lord Protector, having refused the
offer of crown made by the parlia-
ment.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1936-02-20
The Treaty of Cancellation

When the Treaty of Cancellation was
signed between Italy and the Vatican,
in 1929, one of the invaluable posses
sions of Christianity which was re-
turned to Papal control was the more
than 500 miles of catacombs dug in a
maze of tunnels beneath the city of
Rome. These catacombs were the bur-
ial places of Christians in Roman
times. In the Third century they har-
bored Christians fleeing from pagan
persecution. By the Fifth century,
notes writer in the Philadelphia Rec
ord, the catacombs were neglected,
then ransacked by the Goths and I.om-
bards, and finally forgotten. They
were rediscovered in 1878.