davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1936-10-21

at which time our systems OF
theory tumble unwept into the
grave" We have every reason to
believe that this administration
would consider a return to power
an Endorsement of its policies. II
we are to preserve our American
form Of Government, this admin
istration must be defeated.
Our only safety Is TO return TO
our Constitution. For our Consti-
tuition was the product Of long ex-
perience in the practice Of Govern
ment. 1t reflects centuries Of striv-
,ns and of suffering by a people
determined to be free.
When Washington first took his
oath. Of Office, the colony Of vir-
ginia already had 1872 years Of his
tory, and the colony of Massachu-
sets 169. Indeed the greater num-
Der Of the colonies were older than
our Government now Is, under our
Constitution were practical men.
They were stern realists who knew
the pleasing guises in which tyr
amy creeps upon the people. And
they knew the bonds Of despotism.
Schooled in each, they saw through
and behind the one. They foresaw
and forestalled the other.
Yet even these men with all their
personal knowledge of tyranny and
its methods. with all their love for
freedom, with all their experience
in practical legislation, were unable
to frame document satisfactory to
to the people. In spite Of all the
safeguards against tyranny which
they inserted in the body Of the
Constitution. the people of the l3
original States were not satisfied.
More safeguards were demanded.
Safeguards Contained
In Bill of Rights.
These additional safeguards are
contained in the first 10 amend
ments which are commonly called
the bill Of rights. They guarantee
to the individual freedom of speech,
freedom of the press, freedom of
religion, freedom from unlawful
search and seizure. They guarantee
the right to a trial by Jury. And
last, but by no means least, they
reserve to the people and to the
States. all powers not specifically
granted to the Federal Govern
ment.
The authors Of our Constitution
Evening star., 1936-10-21

Witnesses have been brought before
investigating committees and treated
as criminals at the bar Of justice.
But with this difference: Their rights
have not been respected as in our
courts Of law. For many OF. these in
vestigating committees have acted as
prosecuting attorney, jury and Judge
combined
Evening star., 1936-10-21

Many Of the so-called revenue
measures passed under this admins
tration were not designed to raise
revenue. They were designed to force
the nom -conformer into line. to threat
en- him with destructive and punitive
taxation.
Evening star., 1936-10-21

localities have been singled out solely
for political reasons.
We all know that under this ad-
ministration the managers Of relief
have played favorites-they have de-
veloped two classes Of relief, common
and preferred.
The Washington times., 1936-03-24
Eek. dividend.
tPlus extras. O-Yl0G0
Buffalo Livestock

EAST BUFFALO, N. Y. March "a
U.N.S). Active fully steady.
bulk desirable 150-2S0 lbs, $11.35; small
packages, 140-26O lbs, $11@11.25; few
3OO-35O lbs. butchers, $1O.25 o 1880; pack
ing sows, $s.40@9.65.
attle-50. Market unchanged. low-cut
ter and cutter cows, $3.S5 OATS; medium
bulls, $5.50@6.75; common lightweights
around. s..
Calves-75. vea1ers steady, good to
Sn9ice' g He htaa ~: common SIa ana = =meumm. VIZ y
$3.50 and below.
Sheep-2OO. Lambs steady; quality
and sorts considered, mixture medium
to choice, 310.5O: equivalent to $10.75
and better; other classes and grades
nominal,
The Washington times., 1936-03-24
Chicago Produce

CHICAGO, March "a. UN.S.).-ButteI
Receipts 11,4Ss tubs; firm; old cars, s.
new 4. Extras. 3O%c; standards. 30&ci
extra firsts, 3Ohc.
Eggs-Recepits 33,SS7 cases: firm; old
cars 10; new Q. Current receipts, 17&ci
fresh extra firsts, less than cars, l9ci
cars, 19hc; fresh firsts, less than cars
1870; cars, 1Sc; dirties, 1e%c; checks
Cheese-Twins, 15K @15hc: single
daisies. asa 015&c; longhOrnS' 15% q
The Washington times., 1936-03-24

direct funds" into the stricken areas through the
Government will continue to "gve purchasing power"
to those who lack it.
Thus those who think that business is just putting more
money in circulation" may regard the floods blessing
in disguise Certainly spending lumber cement paint
house furnishings structural STEEL flour textiles etc. will
be stimulated. Construction activity in the damaged terri
tory will be increased and manufacturers in other terri
in greater demand And there will be plenty Of
currency (credit) with which to pay for all
Then the Easter spge in hats and clothes. The
spring is opening up in good fashion.
Then the PWA is slated to resume operations in
creased scale.
Then the veterans will receive their billions Of dollars in
Government aby bond cash them and spend the Govern
nent notes they get for the bonds"
Then the alleged "so conservation payments will begin
pour out to the farmers.
All in ALL would say that if spending currency make
business good the chances strongly favor Of sharp
gain In business activity sometime between and election
day It fairly certain that long draw
savings of the past and borrow from the production Of
the future going to live well in the present These
who look further ahead than 1886 therefore justified
being optimistic about business
week ago. production spurted per cent
of capacity For a little while the floods will now cause
reaction but should not last long, recent reports indicate
that the mills and furnaces have suffered little serious injury
The rising trend Of building activity stimulated by rehabta
ton work. and the seasonal upturn automobile production
will in few weeks start the steel curve up again.
Despite the unusual volume of sales last fall automobile
production again about to the levela Of year ago.
Carloadngs fell off sharply last week. but this the
suit of natural drop coal shipments While the movement
of freight will be somewhat retarded by flood damage this
condition will not last long.
In fact wholesale trade has begun respond to the
poets Of stimulated demand and department store sales
& running II to Is per cent above year ago. ~
Commodity prices have been holding remarkably steady
average in view Of recent uncertainties and lack of
lave interest Declines in grains coffee, and print CLOTH
last week about offset by gains in cotton silk hides
lard and cottonseed OIL think the outlook for higher
Aprice level.
The outlook in Washington continues Of making
little show of increasing taxes and decreasing relief expend
lures, with the old talk about reducing the deficit (not
the deb The fact is that the Federal deficit for the
rent fiscal year to March 49, is about $4OO00OOO greater
than year ago. The public debt is at high record
and predict that it will continue to grow at about the
present rate.
In European affairs the crisis has been passed. and the
Rhine episode likely to lead to conferences looking
toward fundamental readustments in colonies than
at first seemed probable prolonged peace is thus
not impossible To this end the bankrupt condition Of Ger
and Italy, and the growing financial strain in France
and England, likely to contribute.
The Washington times., 1936-03-24

loss, and that We now have to 60 back and
build over again the bridges, roads, and
buildings that were destroyed. The stocks Of
flour, textiles, ETC., that have been ruined
will have to be duplicated, the labor, capital,
and enterprise that went into them having
been lost.
But we have been living largely on credit
or on past savings, and the means Of bor-
> rowing and spending have been so developed
that the present losses will merely stimu-
late the process. Corporations that have
reserves will draw upon them for replace
ments. Government debt will be used to
r dfraek Hfunda'9 into tho stricken areas.
The Washington times., 1936-03-24
ATTV II Spending Currency Gan
III "A ~ ~ Make Business Good Chances
AAA "A - - . Are in Favor Of q Sharp Gain
By LEWIS HANEY

Professor Of Economics, New York University
With the passing of the of the flood in most of the
threatened areas and the prevalence of mder weather
decidedly optimistic feeling is evident in the business
It is true that the damage done by the floods total
The Washington times., 1936-03-24
NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE l2:45 PRICES
Volume This YeaP
169,223,453 Shares

N.. Mama Net
Ch'gSI High Low Dividend Hgh Low 1s:b ChEo
- vi 1885 90 Owens Ill Glass o.. 1854 I5SK iS19-
The Washington times., 1936-03-24

Net
High Low l9:4S ch'ge
Evening star., 1936-05-03

talkies, not to merton the fast-moving
automobile.
Anyway. 1925 saw the birth Of the
National Theater Players-a famous
group Of players organized by young
Evening star., 1936-05-03
Movie Acting Is Easier

UNLIKE most newcomers to the
screen, particularly recruits
from the stage, Charles Col
lins thinks that acting for the
movies is easy.
Collins. favorite on the stages of
New York and London before heed
ing the call to Hollywood. makes
his screen debut in the title role Of
Pioneer Pictures new full-color Tech
nicolor musical romance Dancing
Pirate" regarded as one of the most
important productions of the year.
Collins declares that films are real
istic; that the realism dispenses with
the most dificult Of stage tricks, and
that acting in motion pictures, there
fore, is just that much more simple.
"On the stage we use an histrionic
device commonly known as shouted
Whispers specifically created to give
an illustion of whispering during ten
der moments" he explains.
1.-THE dialogue is supposed to be
heard by the last and the highest
auditor in the seventh gallery. Natu-
rally, one does well enough to be un-
derstood, let alone imparting tender
ness to a line that sounds sus-
piciously like an umpire crying,
Strike three!'
1.-THE trick is hard on the tonsils
and exceedingly difficult. Too, be-
cause of the distance between q stage
player and his audience, facial ex-
pressions must be highly exaggerated
to be observed at all. One denotes
surprise by elevating brows until the
become sore.
IAN these tricks are taboo in the
opines young Collins. "In
fact, they are prohibited by the very
realistic fact that film audiences are
closer to screen performances than
the footlights In a legitimate theater.
lone whispers tender sentiments
Just as In real life, The microphone
does the rest. One expresses surprise
by the mere process of thinking about
it.
Compare that to the stage, where
one Is actually forced to be entirely
Evening star., 1936-05-03
Court May RuleWhat Is Art
Question, Never Settled, Believed Likely
to Reach Federal Tribunal.

Trustees of the museum have au-
thorized the preparation of an amend
ment to the present tariff law to be
introduced in Congress. saying: THE
museum finds itself in the unfortu
nate position of having the material
of its exhibitions regulated by the
aesthetic dicta of the United States
Customs Court. The customs exam
liners find themselves in the embar-
RAISING position of deciding what is
and what is not art under an made
quate legal definition. The Museum
of Modern Art refuses to accept tho
aesthetic judgment of any agency Of
the Government"
Works Of art in sculpture are inter.
preted in 1916 Treasury decision as
limitations of natural objects, chiefly
of human form, representing such OBJ.
jects in their true proportions Of
length, breadth and thickness" The
IS sculptures in dispute could not be
recognized as limitations of the objects
whose names they bore after the Gus
toms agents read the shipping list, and
the human form was represented with
complete disregard to its usual length
and thickness.
The Governments definition is taken
from a dictionary, Secretary Gibbons
points out in his answer to the museum
but the museum is already on recoli
as regarding both the dictionary ard
the Government unqualified to defhs
what art is.
Evening star., 1936-05-03
TeSta CUMMINGS.

What Is art?
This question, never yet settled by
artists, probably will be argued before
the United States Court of Customs
and Patent Appeals in Washington
eventually, according to Clarence N.
Beach, jr., Customs Bureau attorney.
Cubist sculptures are not art, as
defined by customs regulations, but
manufactured articles" according to
the opinion forwarded to the Museum
Of Modern Art in New York this week
by Stephen B. Gibbons, Assistant Sec
retary Of the Treasury. The decision
upholds New York customs examiners
over the protest of dozens of Ameri-
can museums.
Free entry being permitted works of
art for exhibition purposes, repeated
clashes between museum heads and
customs officials must result in the
Federal tribunal redefining art, Beach
believes. Charged with murder in the
first degree, for Staying realism, art
will at last defend itself before the
bar of justice.
The Museum of Modern Art has
sought the support of 80 other mu-
Seums In its campaign to have the
tariff laws changed and letters from
United States Senators, pressing alter
ations designed to satisfy both artists
and the Government, already are ar
irving in Beach's Office as a result.
Evening star., 1936-05-03

As testimony Of this, some of the
patrons of the National Theater have
reserved the same seats. year after
year. Some patrons have had their
same seats as long as 1s years.
Steve Cochran, too, had a hand in
shaping this policy over the years.
Even as a boy, standing there at the
gallery entrance, selling 50-cent tick
cts, he came to the belief that there,
somewhere in the crowd about to stam-
pede for seats, were the real lovers of
drama. He came to know. from ex-
perience, that the man who paid so
cents for ticket in the second balcony
was, perhaps, as good student of the
theater as the man who planked down
his dollar bills at the main box Office.
So Steve prevailed upon Mr.. Rapley
to reserve the gallery seats. He be-
lieved these patrons were entitled to
as much courtesy as those who paid
higher prices. To prove that he was
right, the National Theater is one Of
the very few that commands weekly
Evening star., 1936-05-03

second balcony capacity audience. 1t
almost resembles club. There is
where real theater cameraderie exists.
Nearly every patron knows his neigh
Dor.
1t was all part of the game, Of course,
and Steve Cochran was drumming up
a following. He was learning the les
sons of good showmanship.
When Harry Rapley passed along the
great corridor he handed the accolade
to Steve Cochran: but, before his going
away, the dean of Washington theater
men had the satisfaction of seeing his
protege hold out helping hand to
sinking stage. While still in the box
Office, Steve conceived the idea Of
Summer stock season for Washington
and that very gesture helped put new
life in the old-established institution
known as the National Theater.
It was just about II years ago that
the old theater started taking it on
the chin, made punch-drunk by the
advent of radio and the assault of the
Evening star., 1936-05-03

come into the show business by way
Of the base ball park, but that's how
1t all happened.
WEARS and years ago, as they tell
: the story around Florida avenue,
Steve-with his love for base ball and
not having the necessary quarter to
get into see the professional players
he had read about-stood at the play
ers' entrance and begged Barry NC
Cormick, then the Senators second
baseman, to take him in to the game.
Barry did, but when game time
came Steve was promptly thrown out
of the park by Red" O'Dea, ground
keeper and cleanup man at that time.
After three successive days OF being
thrown out, Mccormick gave orders to
the groundkeeper that in future the
boy was to be admitted. Thus young
Steve Cochran became the first au-
thentic mascot of the Washington base
ball club. As mascot he was nick
named Socks" after Socks" Seybold,
right fielder of the Athletics.
Steve finished out his first season as
mascot by becoming Connie Mack's
guest mascot on the Athletics bench
,du ng the world series of 1905, when
thf celebrated aggregation battled
the lew York Giants.
u vas in that same year, with all
the honors heaped on his youthful
hea that Steve Cochran was given
his aptism in the theater. When the
bas ball bats and balls were put away
for the Winter, Harry Rapley tapped
the Young fellow on the shoulder and
said. Say, kid, would you like to have
q Winters job?"
What doing?" asked Master Coch-
ran.
I'm my theater-passing out pro-
yrams!"
So, right then and 1'aars . theater
man was made.
Steve Cochran became program
and water boy at 50 a week. Tips
brought that fortune up to IS at the
End Of each eighth performance.
Col. Marvin Mcintyre, now secretary
TO the President, at one time during
his career, was press agent OF the
National Theater at the huge salary
Of SO when Steve's salary in the box
pfice had reached the height Of $12 q
week.
At this period, young Steve had col
lege ambitions. He wanted to 60 away
10 school and get degree. At the
time he was in grade school and his
keacher didn't take kindly to any OF
her young men passing out programs
In q theater on a Wednesday after
noon. It was in the days when the
lheater still had q black eye, In some
nuarters-and the good teacher prob
ably thought her young pupil was in
the way of having his morals cor
rupted. So she told him he'd have to
give up school, or the theater. Steve,
rising to his full 4 feet 2 inches, threw
Evening star., 1936-05-03

ter Players. He did that on his own,
after watching the girl work, but his
judgment was confirmed by the great
est trouper Of the modern theater,
Ethel Barrymore, who was then play
ing under the Cochran banner.
1t was while Ethel Barrymore was
reviving Zoe Akin's play, "Declasse,"
that young Edwina Wise came to the
stars attention. At the time Miss
Barrymore was unaware that an anna
teur was In the company. 1t came to
her as a great surprise. After the
opening performance, in her dressing
room, the star said, Where did that
girl come from?" Some one said,
She's Steve Cochran's find She
came out of his dramatic school"
Ethel Barrymore was amazed:
why" she exclaimed, that child is
marvellous. That girl has something,
and will get on
This was a tribute to the theater
sense of Steve Cochran. He has culti-
waited that sense through the years.
He planted his heart and soul in the
theater and he came to be part Of
the theater Naturally, he has rubbed
elbows with such great producers as
Charles Frohman, David Belasco and
Florenz Ziegfeld. He absorbed their
methods, studied in their practical
schools.
So, while other people we're giving
quite lot Of lip service to what they
termed need of the hour-a Ma
tional Theater for America-Steve
Cochran pulled few leaves from his
own note book and started National
Theater for the masses. 1t was an
actuality for IL years-and it was a
supreme success because Steve Coch-
ran gave the masses and the classes
who love the theater the finest bill
of fare offered by the stage.
He has made that his life work.
Evening star., 1936-05-03

his books overheard and embarked on
lifelong career in the theater.
pASSING around programs and wa
ter was all right in its way, but
the young man had his eyes on a box
Office job. If your theater days 60
back far enough you may remember
that grand old institution "the gallery
entrance"
Now the gallery entrance has gone
the way of the world, but while it
flourished it generated some of the
greatest lovers Of the drama extant.
If you remember, the gallery entrance
was a separate and distinct unit OF
the theater. It had nothing whatso-
ever to do with the main lobby-where
the evening clothes and gowns -four
ished. The old gallery entrance stood
where the stage door johnnies now
stand, at the beginning and end Of
the show. 1t was, as you may recall.
the starting place for the great race
up the stairs and into the best seats
available-in the first and second gal
leries.
Anyway, somebody had to sell tick
cts to the boys who slammed their So
cent pieces on the line and then
raced for the top seats-f1rst come,
first served. So Steve Cochran got the
job. He was so small that they had
to build a platform for him to stand
on. They were old blue tickets in
Evening star., 1936-05-03
By John Jay DAILY
THROUGHOUT theater !,

THROUGHOUT theater lana,
wherever actors, agents, pro-
ducers and playwrights gather,
Il one member of the fraternity
usually is given credit for saving the
speaking stage in the Nations Capital.
That fellow is Steve Cochran-S. E.
Cochran on the letter heads-manager
Of the National Theater.
Steve Cochran has been around the
theater since he wore Swaddling
clothes.
At the age of Steve got his first
peep at show house. Ever since then
he has lived the theater. It got in his
blood and stayed there. If the speak
ing stage ever folded up, Steve Coch-
ran would vanish like thin air. It
happens to be the food he eats and the
drink he drinks. the sleep he sleeps
and the dreams he dreams.
What race horse man thinks about
horses, Steve Cochran thinks about the
theater. His mind runs to box offices,
seating capacity, eight-sheets and pro-
grams.
So that's why Steve Cochran saved
the theater.
If the Book of Fate said there would
be only one theater in Washington, it
had to be the National.
It seems rather strange that this
fellow who turned out to be the savior
Of the Washington theater should have
Evening star., 1936-05-03

Steve Cochran with all the zest Of an
Augustin DAILY.
CTEvE was told he had better have
- his head examined when he
started the National Theater Players.
Washington has a reputation for be-
ing a hot town in the Summertime.
However, Steve had the courage to
step in where the so-called wise men
feared to tread.
After working on the idea a full
year, Steve got his National Theater
Players started with an original CON-
pany headed by Minor Watson, Ed
ward Arnold, Kathryn Givney, Ro-
maine Calender, and others who
afterward became Broadway and
Hollywood stars.
Through the years that followed he
has had in his company such out
standing stars as Donald Woods,
Roger Pryor, Florence Reed, Helen
Menken, Nance O'Neill, John Litel
and Ethel Barrymore.
When Three Men on a Horse"
plays Washington, two former mem
bers of the National Theater Players
will be in the cast. They are Ruth
Lee and Mary Loane.
AS If the National Theater Players
were not enough for one man to
manage, four years ago Steve branched
out into side line and established a
professional dramatic school here
the National Academy of Stage Train
ing. Into that outfit went all the
love Of real theater lover.
Out Of that school have gone forth
to the professional stage some of the
coming stars of the theater. One of
these is Edwina Wise, now playing in
Max Gordon's Pride and Prejudice. -
This happened after Steve Cochran
had made this talented young lady a
regular member of his National Thea .
Evening star., 1936-05-03

those days, usually with beer ad on
the back.
There stood Steve selling tickets
and there was the beginning Of a
memorable career.
A little black haired, red-faced boy
was standing on a platform, sticking
his head out the box-office window
and selling tickets to the gallery gods.
The hair is still black-with not q
trace of gray in it-and the cheeks
are still rosy red and the boy has
grown to a man-but he is still a
boy in the theater, with all Of a
boys enthusiasm for the greatest
game in the world-the show business.
When 9-year-old Steve was selling
tickets in the gallery box Office, Billy
Fowler was managing the theater for
Harry Rapley. In year or so
Steve Cochran was made assistant to
Billy Fowler-and took a long step
upward.
If any one then could have looked
down the long vista of the years he
would have seen Steve Cochran step
into the shoes worn so many years
by Billy Fowler-for this young lad
was destined to become manager Of
the last surviving theater in Wash
ington-the lone sentinel Of the
legitimate stage.
THOSE years had been spent under
the tutelage Of Harry Rapley, one
Of the grandest showmen that ever
graced the business. It was Harry
Rapley who instilled in the heart Of
little Stevie Cochran the basic prin-
ciples of dealing with the public;
principles that call for courtesy, and
for comfort Of patrons. That is why
the National Theater is now known
Evening star., 1936-05-03

unnatural to create an illusion of nat.
uralnesS. prefer the movies, ever,
time!"
In Dancing Pirate" an R-K-O
Radio release directed by Lloyd Cor
rigan and designed in color by Rob-
ert Edmond Jones, Collins is said to
distinguish himself as one Of the finds
Of the season."