davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1936-03-15
Borah Demands Defense by US.
Of Citizens Legitimate Trade
Believes Government Should Specify
What Is Legal Commerce in Var and
GiUe Protection to That Extent.
ntitIed to Protection.

merce in a way that his country says
is legitimate
Entitled to Protection.
"If we mean to go of the sea, il
we want to quit trade and commerce
every time a disturbance occurs, that
is one thing; but when we have estab-
lished what this Government thinks
is righteous course to pursue, and
have designated the trade and the
commerce which may be carried on,
then the citizen who complies with the
law and lives within the law is entitled
to the protection of the American flag
That is my view"
When asked how the United States
might obtain the necessary modifica-
tions of international law by negoti-
alton and agreement, Senator Borah
replied:
81 think that we might get an agree
ment on contraband If we should try
to do so now. But the Government
should take the responsibility, as l
think of defending legitimate trade,
and so long as the citizen lives within
the law he should be protected in his
rights.
my contention Is that the Govern
ment of the United States, through its
lawmaking body, should say what
trade shall, and shall not, be carried
on with belligerents. am not in favor
of allowing trade to go forward with
belligerents at the American traders
risk. Is it not dignified, is it not fair
to the citizen and just to everybody
for the United States to take the re-
sponsibility of saying that trade in
certain commodities, or to certain
amount, with belligerents is either
legal or illegal; and if it says that it
is illegal, then the citizen engages in
it at his own risk without any public
declaration whatever; and if it is
legal, he should have the protection of
his country?
''It would be very desirable to re-
move the doubts and dangers which
surround the assertion of neutral
rights today and the exercise of neu-
trail duties, in time of war. Certainly,
the spirit of neutrality is impartiality
of conduct toward belligerents. But
we cannot overlook the fact that some
very great and powerful nations inter-
eSted in this controversy have been
interested for a hundred and fifty
years in building up their commerce
at the expense of the commerce of the
United States"
Evening star., 1936-03-15
CHINA LEADS IN u. S.
ARMS PURCHASES
Figures Exceed Those of Other
Nations Second Consecutive
Month-Germany Third.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
For the second consecutive month,
China was shown in State Department
statistics yesterday to have been the
largest purchaser Of arms. ammuni.
ton and implements of war from the
United States during February.
Germany ranked third with $3.50
for non-military aircraft, equipment
and engines, revolvers and ammuni-
ton.
Government licenses were issued in
February for the export to China of
$490,525 in such materials, embracing
airplane engines and equipment, tanks
or armored vehicles, guns and ammu-
milton. In January that country's
purchases amounted to $3,055,395.
The total of such sales to all coun-
tries in February amounted to
$1,315582.
Chile was the second largest pur-
chaser, buying s250,OO0 of non-mili-
tary aircraft. Under the neutrality
law, no American dealer is permitted
to ship such materials abroad without
first obtaining cenSe from the Mu-
nitions Control Board in the State
Department.
Evening star., 1936-03-15
LIBRARY FOR BLIND
committee NAMED
Dr.. Gilbert H. Grosvenor Ap-
points Group to Raise
Funds.

. Appointments to the Indorsing Com
mittee of the campaign to raise funds
for the National Library for the Blind
was announced yesterday by Dr.. Gill
bert H. Grosvenor, chairman.
=. Among those serving on the COM
mittee are Mrs. Hugh Auchincloss.
Mrs. Paul Bastedo, Mrs. George w.
Bean, Mr.. and Mrs. James NJ. Beck,
Mrs. Everett J. Boothby. Senator Hat
tie Caraway, Attorney General Homer
S. Cummings. Mrs. William c. Eustis,
Mrs. Gibson Fahnestock, Mrs. Charles
F. M. Fadeley, Duncan U. Fletcher,
Right Rev. James E. Freeman, David
St. Pierre Gaillard, Julius Garf1nckel,
Rev. James Shera Montgomery. Will
liam Montgomery, William Phillips,
Harry L. Rust. DR.. NJ. C. Gibbs, Charles
c. Glover. jr.:: Mrs. Clarence Good
win, Mrs. Thomas P. Gore. Mrs. Sarah
Stokes Halkett, DR.. Louis S. Greene,
Mrs John j. Hamilton, Miss Annie
NJ. Hegeman, j. Phillip Hermann,
Coleman Jennings, Mrs. Hennen Jen-
nings, Mrs. Henry Leonard, DR.. Cloyd
H. Marvin, Harry G. Meem, John Saul,
Mrs. Henry Alvah Strong, Mrs. Will
liam Howard Taft, Rev. Edmund A
Walsh and Luke I. Wilson.
A donation of sl00 in memory of
the late Representative Lynn S. Hor-
nor of West Virginia has been re-
ceived by the committee from Mrs.
Emma H. Hornor. Clarksburg, w. Va.
DR.. Ross T. McIntire, chairman of
the campaign Publicity Committee,
announced the library is not seeking
support through the sale of candy,
stamps or seals. but through contribu-
tions from members of volunteer COM
mittees, personally and by mail.
Evening star., 1936-03-15
Roses ShO,Uered
From, Air Launch
National Exhibit
Mayors Son Pilots Plane
in Baltimore FIO,Uer-
Gardev. ShOtU Ceremony.
pv.h.Assoc,sts,, press-

BY the Associated Press.
BALTIMORE, March 14.-With q
shower of roses from the air, the
seventh national flower and garden
show opened here today.
The roses were dropped around
the 5th Regiment Armory from an
airplane piloted by Riall jackson, son
of Mayor Howard w. jackson.
Hundreds of persons poured into
the armory to inspect the $50 ex-
hibits Of more than million dollars
worth of flowers Of countless shades
and scents. The show will continue
through March %.
A feature of the show will be the
christening of q new orchid as "The
Lord Baltimore" A seeding, it was
developed at Jessups, Md. The petals
are of several tones Of chrome yellow,
speckled with burnt umber.
A shipment Of orchids from Vene.
suela arrived yesterday by plane.
Evening star., 1936-03-15

the relief load Is high in these areas
but officials say it would be unfair to
lay this to the bad housing. On the
contrary, families of depleted incomes,
on the way to needing relief, naturally
gravitate to areas of bad housing be-
cause the rents are low.
But the constantly mounting evil
dence on economic costs is clearly
enough on the debit side of the
average city ledger. 1t leaves little
doubt as to the adviSability of rehabili-
tating slums for financial, If for no
other reasons.
The cases cited here are not isolated
instances. They are prevalent in every
large city and have their counterpart
in the smaller.
In Minneapolis It was found by
Housing officials that the average cost
to the city for a fire run was $500
At this rate the cost OF fire protection
for an area P. w. A. had under con-
sideration for housing project totaled
$4,000 in 1882, for runs alone. Com
pared to this, the total taxes assessed
against all properties in the neighbor-
hood amounted to $30,835. The con-
clusion is obvious.
Evening star., 1936-03-15

advantage by giving preferential
treatment to small corporations.
The rate ranged from 1871 per cent
on income up to $4,000 to Is per cent
on income Of $4,000 or more.
The corporate tax tentatively
agreed upon in the new program, Hill
said, would treat all corporations
alike. It would start with a Is per
cent tax on undistributed net income
up to 10 per cent of total net income,
and climb to SIS per cent on IS per
cent, or over, of such income not dis
tributed to stockholders in dividends.
Benefits for corporation wage
earners were seen under this proposal
by Representative Vinson Democrat
Kentucky. He said it would give
corporations an incentive to build up
reasonable reserves. which would
benefit employees because the reserves
would tend to stabilize the business
structure and make jobs more secure
Evening star., 1936-03-15

PLANE trip from New YORK
n and the traditional welcome
II accorded the prodigal son were
4 \ the lot OF 15-year-old Charles
Mclean yesterday, and all because MS
father forgot to awaken him.
Charlie was one of the 43 New York
boys from the Navy Yard district
whom the New York Police Depart
ment sent here to engage three local
boys clubs at basket ball last night.
All except Charlie came by bus, and
he was supposed to. And that was
where Charles father came into the
picture. The boy impressed on his
father that he must be awakened in
time to catch the bus, which was to
leave at 8 am. The father forgot, and
when Charlie opened his eyes it was
8:20 o'clock. .-
If it hadn't been for Clarence Kay
ton of the police departments Ju-
yenile Aid Bureau, Charlie would have
been stranded.
Kayton, who was to bring the boys
to Washington, noticed his absence
when the bus was ready to leave, and
stayed behind to find him. Charlie
Is a star forward on the 125-pound
team.
The officers quickly got in touch
with the boy. Capt. Eddie Ricken-
backer, World War ace and now presi-
dent of Eastern Airlines, who is much
interested in boys club work, was told
of the situation and Immediately ar
ranged passage for Kayton and Charlie
to Washington by air.
They arrived yesterday at 1885 p.n1.,
thinking there would be no one there
to meet them because Of the sudden
change of plans. Instead, there were
five officials of local organizations, re-
porters and photographers on hand.
Just so Charlie wouldn't feel left
out of things, John D. Meshkoff, di-
rector of the Police Boys Club; Charles
M. Fyfe, director of the Washington
Boys Club: Otto Nelson. director OF
Evening star., 1936-03-15
WOIndn DriUeS
Many Miles to
Pay Insurance
Learns After I6 Years
She Can Make Pay.
ments by Mail.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
MANHATTAN, Kans., March IA
For 16 years a middle-aged woman
drove to Manhattan from her country
home to pay her life insurance
premiums.
Today, after her seventeenth trip
this time she drove all the way from
Lincoln, Nebr.-she learned, to her
surprise, she could make the payments
by mail. She explained she made the
trips in the past because her policy
bore the words: Payable at the home
Office"
Evening star., 1936-03-15

~ ABROAD problems Will be re-
- viewed and analysed by Sen
ator Burton K. Wheeler,
Il y Democrat, Of Montana, speak
ing in the National Radio Forum at
1890 pm. tomorrow evening. The
Forum program is arranged by The
Washington Star and broadcast over
a coast to-coast network by the
National Broadcasting Co.
Senator Wheeler is chairman Of
the Interstate Commerce Committee,
which handles all legislation dealing
with interstate carriers and trans
portation. He was a member of the
committee for long period before
becoming its chairman.
1t is expected he will summarize
what the committee has been seeking
to accomplish by past inquiries re-
garding railroad financing, and the
general subject Of reorganization.
Another outstanding recent develop
ment was the flve-to-four decision
of the Interstate Commerce Com
mission, ordering reduction of rail
passenger rates from 3.6 to 2 cents
q mile. TIE order, effective June q,
also reduced Pullman rates to 3 cents
and eliminated the surcharge. The
rate order has its chief effect In the
Evening star., 1936-03-15
Young athlete Orersleeps,
But Plane Speeds Him Here

the Northeast Boys Club; Charles
Reynolds, physical director of the
Washington Boys Club. and William
E. Russell. president of the District
Amateur Athletic Union, constituted
themselves a reception committee.
Charlie was a little awed by it all
when he arrived Although it was his
first time up, he said he was neither
frightened nor i'll.
Evening star., 1936-03-15

Congress of the
probable efficacy
Of the measure.
Recently, with
the growing dan
ger Of interna-
tional on fl / C t
among the great
European military
a n d industrial
powers, this dis
cussion in wash
ington has tend
ed to C on S / d e r
ways and means
of strengthening
the n e utrality
law as assurance
Evening star., 1936-03-15
"Xampire" Slain.

BELGRADE.-For killing his sister
in-law, Dragutin Vesich, peasant
was sentenced to serve but three
months in prison. He explained in
court that the victim was a YAM
pire" who had caused the divorce of
his son. the death of the sons child
and the disappearance of another
child.
Evening star., 1936-03-15
Finds Own Grave Dug.

SWANSEA, Wales. A South
Wales man returned home to find
his grdue dug and shroud ready.
He had sent a telegram to his fanl-
ily saying he had gone diUGy"
The telegram uas delivered read
inc passed 1uay."
Evening star., 1936-03-15
Cars Loaded on Trucks.

BERLIN.-Deciding it's a bother to
unload freight cars at station, Ger
man railroads have experimental in
loading the entire car on motor
truck and delivering the whole cargo
on the hoof, or wheel.
Evening star., 1936-03-15
POISONER OF LIVE STOCK
is GIVEN THREE YEARS
Judge Tells Arkansan He Would
Like to Sentence Him
for Life.
Nv the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press
NEW MADRID. Mo, March IA.
DIR" John Davis of Arkansas
pleaded guilty to poisoning live stock
with turpentine injections to collect
fees as a veterinarian and was sen.
fenced to three years in the peniten.
tiary here today.
81 am sorry that is the maximum
punishment. would hke to give you
life term" said Judge James A.
r. ewes.
Evening star., 1936-03-15
MnnolithS Discovered.

PORTO ALEGRE, Brdzil.-Willy
HeiI,Gig has notified the Historical
Institute OF Rio Grdnde Do Sui
that iDhiIe hunting he came upon q
lot of large monoIiths tUith straight
line inscriptions carued upon
them. The row extended for SeU-
eral hundred yards. There ioas
speculation ,Uhether he had dtscou-
cred a pile OF stones like that at
Stonehenoe, in Southern England.
Evening star., 1936-03-15
Hats Not Mark Of Insanity.

WEISBADEN, Germ y.-The
Criminal Court in a theft case ruled
that just because woman tried on
one hat after another for nine hours,
she was not necessarily insane.
Evening star., 1936-03-15
Storks Refuse to Emigrate,

WILNO, Poland.-Large numbers Of
storks declined to emigrate this Win
ter because of the seasons compara-
tive mildnesS. Many of the birds.
however, we're killed in a recent cold
snap.
Evening star., 1936-03-15
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Plans for sharp increases in officer
and enlisted strength in the Navy were
disclosed yesterday as ready for sub
mission to Congress this week in a
record-breaking peace-time $549,591,-
299 appropriation bill.
The bill would allow each member
of Congress five appointees annually
to the Naval Academy at Annapolis
instead of the present four. This
would mean an annual increase OF
about 500. officers starting with gradu-
alton Of the first augmented class a,
the end of four years.
The measure also would provide
| funds to increase the enlisted per-
sonnel from 87,500 to 100000 men
starting next July /.
This proposal comes on the heels Of
Senate Military Committee action in
increasing the House-approved Wal
Department bill to provide for $4,000
men in the Regular Army instead Of
147,0 900.
Cary Holds Increase Necessary.
Chairman Cary Democrat, of Ken
lucky of the House Naval Appropria-
tions Subcommittee said the Navy
personnel increases are necessary tc
meet expansion "all down the line
from new ships to shore stations"
I'VE hope to get the bill before the
House within a week." he added, land
while there will be some differences OF
opinion on various items, am hope
full it will go through just about as II
comes from the committee"
One dispute was said to have GEN.
tered on whether there should be in
creased funds for anti-aircraft guns
or huge expenditures for airplanes as
defense measure.
I'VE have made what we believed to
be adequate provisions for both air
plane construction and the new-type
anti-aircraft guns" said Cary. III
is my belief, however, that rapid de-
velopment in anti-aircraft guns will
tend to reduce the menace of the air
! plane"
New Weapons Rapid.
New-type anti-aircraft weapons, he
explained, fire with machine gun
rapidity and their advocates claim they
are able to sweep an area in the sky
faster than an airplane within range
can change its course.
The amount to be spent for anti
aircraft guns has not been disclosed
The bill carries about $26, 100000 fol
construction of 333 new airplanes. Il
also would provide about sl82 900 00(
for ship construction, including $l4,.
100000 for IL new destroyers and {
submarines.
Cary said. although the Navy bill
is S67,859,920 above that of last year
the committee is merely carrying ou
the policy of Congress laiC in th'
Vinson- -Trammel act which author
lied treaty-strength navy by 1912.
The chairman indicated the bill will
carry provision for development Of
naval facilities on both coasts, with
special attention to the needs of forces
now stationed in the Pacific.
He said the committee was trying
to work in conjunction with the Wal
Department Appropriations Subcom.
mittee in co-ordinating Army anc
Navy activities on the coast lines.
Evening star., 1936-03-15
Fight Listening In.

BERLIN-The German labor front
has started campaign against the
old custom of employers listening in
to conversations of subordinates. The
telephone campaign followed cru
sade against time clocks.
Evening star., 1936-03-15
Aerobat's Speed Computed.

The speed of the man on the flying
trapeze" in one Of his acts where he
does triple somersault was estimated
at So miles an hour.
Evening star., 1936-03-15
Trivial Things
That Make
a World
Woman Who T ried on
Hats Nine Hours
Held Not Insane.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
SIAN SHENSI, China.-Govern-
ment officials are striking at West
China's huge opium traffic by attempt
ing to push the price out Of reach OF
opium users. They are gradually cut
ting down the acreage OF. land planted
to poppies in the Provinces Of Shens1
and SZechuan This year poppy grow
ing is permitted only in rs Of the
202 counties Of these provinces.
Evening star., 1936-03-15
NAVY MAN POWER
BOOST |SPLANNED
Proposals Are Ready for
Submission This Week
to Congress.
BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND
More reluctantly, but none the
less definitely, America is particle
pdttng in i0orld race to build up
army, naDy and aviation services.
Pending before Senate is record
peace-tinte War Department supply
bill calling for more than $500, ,000.-
600. Equal generosity to the Nauy
Department is now revealed.
Withdrawal OF Japan from this
Winters naval conference in Lon
don marked conclusion OF 5-5-3
ratio for capital ships theoretically
eriSting betDeen Britain, United
States and Japan. Actually, hop-
euer, neither Britain nor United
States possessed maximum alloD-
able tonnage In heavy class, NTH
American feet tagging behind both
OF others in modern equipment OF
this designation. Personnel, at
same time, has been near skeleton"
limit rather than effective fighting
number.
Evening star., 1936-03-15

This is the ninth OF a series OF
articles by Mr.. Allinson on the
"NeD Neutrality Policy OF the
United States"
Evening star., 1936-03-15
GOMEZ COMING TO U. S.
Cuban President-Elect Expected
to Confer With Roosevelt.

HAVANA, March IA Pl.-President.
elect Miguel Mariana Gomez was pre-
pairing tonight to depart for the United
States, probably early next week. 1t
was understood he would confer with
President Roosevelt and officials Of the
State Department.
Most of his previous trips TO the
United States havs bean az an exile.
Evening star., 1936-03-15
BY BRENT DOW ALLINSON.

D1 bnENI DOW ALLINSON.
Ever since passage Of the neutrality
act of 1886 and President Roosevelt's
proclamation March l there has been
continuing discussion in and out of
Evening star., 1936-03-15
TAXES DELAY DATE.
FOR ADJOURNMENT
congressman Say June | Is
Earliest They Can Hope
to Go Home.
BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND
Tar legislation and an cpproprtd-
tion for relief are major cortro-
usrsidl matters still facing present
session OF Congress.
Former issue reUolUes around
presidential proposal for corporate
tar reform. NTH graduated leDy
on undiStributed profits to take
place OF present tdres on ercess
proftS. capital stock and corporate
income. Similar proposal tDdS re-
jected during tD1r years.
Sum to be sought for relief not
yet repealed; President Roosevelt
noted omission in budget message
in January. Part OF S4,SS0,000 900
appropriated last year believed still
available.
Evening star., 1936-03-15

PLANE trip from New York
n and the traditional welcome
II accorded the prodigal son were
4 I the lot Of 15-year -old Charles
Evening star., 1936-03-15

merce in way that his country says
A..
Evening star., 1936-03-15
Rail Problems Forum Topic
SENATOR WHEELER TO TALK TOMORROW NIGHT.

ABROAD problems will be re-
viewed and analyzed by Sen
ator Burton K. Wheeler,
. Democrat, of Montana, speak
Henderson daily dispatch., 1936-09-15
~ BY j. b. KINCER,
u. 8. Weather Bureau.

Droughts in the United States may
be divided into two general classes.
In one class are those of a transitory
nature, affecting usually a relatively
small area and of comparatively short
duration, frequently lasting only a
single year; in the other those general
droughty conditions that have a ten
dency to persist for comparatively
long periods. Smoothed weather rec
ords show longtime trends in pre-
cipitation, covering a good many years
alternately above and below normal.
The short period droughts are not US
ually definitely related to these more
general longtime trends. When a
minimum phase of precipitation OBJ
tains, such as is now being experience
ed, there occur at short intervals
what may be called families of
droughts in contradistinction to the
transitory, or short period, ones that
fall in the first group.
Prior to the minimum phase of pre-
cipitation responsible for the present
family of droughts, so to speak, the
last general condition of this kind oc-
Cured in the latter part of the sos
and the early COS of the last century,
At that time, following series of
years rather abaundant rainfall wide
spread scanty moisture began in 1886,
and, while interrupted in 1892 by fair
ly abundant moisture, there was a
marked tendency generally for sub
normal rainfall from 1886 up to 1895,
eliminating in severe droughts in
IY,io Of hot
minimum phase. The year 1896 had
fairly good precipitation, but 1897 was
deficient in moisture between the
Mississippi River and the Rocky
Mountains.
Following this general long time
drought, there were several belonging
Henderson daily dispatch., 1936-09-15
Two General Classes OF
Droughts Listed In U. S.
One Glass Are Those of T anory Nature and of Short
Duration; Other Are Dro ughty Periods That Tend
To Persist for Longer Periods

to the transitory class-short-lived
and often affecting seriously onlv
comparatively small areas. Among
these may be mentioned that of 1901
in the interior valleys and the South
west. The following year. 1902. had
plenty OF moisture in most States
Another transitory drought occurred
in 1870 principally in the Central and
Northern States and the South. but
this again was largely a one-year af-
fair. Another one in 1917 affected
principally the Southwest and north
ern Plains, and still another, in 1925,
was severe in the South and South
east. Thus, for some go years up to
1880, there were a number of short
period droughts, but only one persis-
tent and markedly dry phase of Unit
ed States climate, that of 1886-1895,
lasting, in general, about 10 years
Some years, of course, were better
than others.
The present dry phase began in 1880
and has continued, with a few inter-
sperions of fairly good years, such as
1885, up to the present time. There
have been in this period three ex-
tremely dry years-193O, 1884, and
1886.
The few available precipitation rec
ords, covering 100 years or more, in
dictate that general dry phase, some
what comparable to that of 1886-95,
and the more recent one of 1880 to
date, obtained in the sos of the last
century, or approximately 100 years
ago.
The outstanding wet phase of the
United States climate in the last CEN
fury was about from 1865 to 1885, with
a secondary maximum during the
first two decades of the present cen
tury, though several transitory
drought were interspersed. All of the
foregoing statements refer specifically
to that part of the country east of