davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-10-30
Texts of Landon's Neev York Addresses
Republican Nominee Challenges Roosevelt to Answer Queries
on A. A. A., N. r. A., and Executive Powers.

ment. And while am President I
intend to see that the antitrust
laws are strengthened and en-
forced without fear or favor.
intend to see that Government
bureaucracy never again starts
choking business. I intend to see
that American initiative has
chance to give jobs to American
workers. And 1 intend to broaden
the market for American products
by encouraging freer interchange
Of goods in world trade.
And what program does the
President propose for industry? He
pays tribute to free initiative at
Chicago on q Wednesday and to
planned economy at Detroit on a
Thursday. One day the Presidents
son says the N. r. A. will be revived.
The next day the Presidents son
says 1t will not. When the Presi-
dent was asked about N. r. A. last
Tuesday in press conference, he
said: you pay your money and
you take your choice" What does
he mean?
The answer is: No one can be
sure.
Growing out Of the troubles Of
agriculture and industry is the in
tensely human problem of unem-
ployment. What is the record on
this?
Unemployment Problems Held
No Nearer Solution.
In 1892 the President said that
100000 Americans were looking
for work. Today, according to the
American Federation of Labor,
there are still 1900, 900 Americans
looking for work. Yet the President
boasts Of recovery-in one city in
terms Of base ball game and In
another city in terms Of q patient
he has cured.
These fellow citizens Of ours can
and will be re-employed. There
is no need for one-fifth Of our
working population to be con-
demned to live in an economic
world apart. There is work to
be done in this country-more
than enough to give jobs to all
the unemployed. This work will
start just as soon as uncertainty
in Government policies is replaced
by confidence.
There can be no confidence when
the Government is proud Of SPEND
ing more than it takes in.
There can be no confidence
when the Government creates I'M
certainty about the value of money.
There can be no confidence when
the Government threatens to con-
troll every detail of our economic
life.
There can be no confidence when
the Government proclaims that
the way to have more is to pro-
duce less.
In short, there can be no conf
dence while this administration
remains in power.
AS Chief Executive I intend to
follow q course that will restore
confidence.
intend to be open and above
board on the policies of my
administration.
intend in the task Of recon-
struction to make use of the best
talent available irrespective Of
party.
I intend to throw out all plans
based on scarcity.
I intend to put an end to this
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-10-30

improvident that they must be
compelled to save by q paternal
government.
Beginning next January /,
workers, no matter how small
their wages, win have their pay
docked-they will have their pay
locked for the purpose Of building
up q phantom reserve fund.-
fund that any future Congress can
spend any time 1t sees At and for
any purpose 1t sees fit.
Calls Tax on Pay Rolls
Fraud Upon Workers.
I cannot understand how any
administration would dare to per-
petrate such q fraud upon our
workers.
The Republican party proposes
to replace this unavoidable hodge,
podge by plan that is honest, fair
and financially sound. We propose
that the funds for security pay
ments shall be provided as we 60
along. We propose that they shall
be obtained from q direct and spe-
cific tax widely distributed. We
propose that all American citizens
over IS shall receive whatever addi-
tional income is necessary to keep
them from need.
I repeat: The workers will start
to pay for the present plan next
January 1. They will pay as wage
earners through q direct deduction
from their pay. They will pay both
as wage earners and consumers
A.. through the tax levied on their
employers pay rolls. And don't
let any one tell you otherwise.
Even the Democratic attorney gen.
eral Of New York admits this. Last
March, before the New York Court
OF Appeals, he said that q tax on
employers pay rolls. although
levied on the employer, will be-
and I shifted either to
wage earners or consumers or
both" ~
And what does the President pro-
pose to do about these taxes? Is he
going to continue . plan that takes
money from workers without any
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-10-30

assurance that they will get back
what they put In?
The answer is: No one can be
sure.
Since the n. n. A. was declared
unconstitutional there has been
some improvement in business.
Calls for Reduction In Rate
OF Government Spending.
But there has been no reduction
in the total Of Government spend
ing. In the year ending last June
the Federal Government spent
nearly $4,000, 600. 900. This Is an
all-time peace-time high.
We will spend this year over
$500. 10000 more for the ordinary
ro.tine expenditures Of Govern
ment than in 1884. Aad we will
spend 81 500, 900 900 more for relief
than in 1884.
Under this administration rs
new agencies have been created.
Two hundred and fifty thousand
additional employees have been
foisted on the taxpayers. The Fed
eral pay roll has reached the stag
gering sum of 81 500 ,O0o, 900 q year.
As I said at Chicago, any one
at all familiar with what has been
going on could almost count on
the fingers Of one hand foolish ex-
periments the Government could
cut out and save at least q billion
dollars any time 1t wanted TO-.
I pledge myself to put an end to
extravaganza and waste. I pledge
myself to stop the policy that glori-
fies spending. I pledge myself to
balance the budget.
And what is the President going
to do? Is he going to stop his
policy Of spending for spending's
sake?
The answer Is: No one can be
sure.
New Deal Held Striking 1T q. 8.
Form Of Government.
come finally to the underlying
and fundamental issue of this cam
paign. This Is the question Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-10-30

whether our American form of Gov.
eminent Is to be preserved.
Let Us turn once more to the
record.
The President has been respon-
sible for nine acts declared uncon-
stitutional by the Supreme Court.
He has publicly urged Congress
to pass q law, even though it had
reasonable doubts as to its con-
stitutionality.
He has publicly belittled the su-
preme Court of the United States.
He has publicly suggested that
the Constitution is an outworn
document.
He has retained IL high office
men outspoken In their contempt
for the American form of Gov
eminent.
He has sponsored laws which.
have deprived States Of their con-
stitutional rights.
Every one Of these actions-and
the list Is by no means complete
strikes at the heart Of the Ameri-
can form Of Government.
Our Constitution Is not q life
less piece Of paper. It is the under
lying law Of the land and the char
ter Of the liberties of our people.
The people, and they alone, gave
it life. The people, and they alone,
have the right to amend or destroy
1t. Until the people in their COM
bined wisdom decide to make the
change. it Is the plain duty Of the
peoples servants to keep within the
Constitution. 1t Is the plain mean
ing Of the oath of Office that they
shall keep within the Constitution.
Our Federal system allows great
leeway. But II changes in our civil
tzation make amendment to the
Constitution desirable it should be
amended. 1t has been amended
in the past. 1t can be In the
future.
I have already made my position
clear on this question. I am on
record that If proper working con-
ditions cannot be regulated by the
States, I shall favor a constitutional
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-10-30

warded scarcity and penaliSed
plenty. Not only has 1t failed to
correct the basic ills of agriculture,
1t has added to them. ! am from q
great agricultural State and know.
I know how this program dis
located our agricultural system. I
know, for instance, that almost over
night, 1t forced the Southern farmer
out of cotton into crops competing
with the North and West. It led
him into dairy farming and the
raising Of livestock. This affected
not only the farmer of the North
and West. It also affected the
farmer of the South, who lost a
large part Of his cotton export
market.
Luckily for this administration
the full damage of its program has
been hidden by the droughts.
Government has a moral obliga-
ton to help repair the damage
caused to the farmer by this adj
ministration's destructive expert
ments. Farming. by its very ma
ture, cannot readjust itself as rap
idly as industry to the after effects
of economic planning. During the
period of readjustment and until
foreign markets are reopened the
Government must help the farmer.
Renews Promise to Balance
Budget, II Elected.
We can do this without violating
the Constitution. We can do this
without imposing such burdens as
the processing tax upon the con-
sumner. We can do this within the
limits of balanced budget. And
don't forget am going to balance
the budget.
The Republican party also pro-
poses a sound, long-term program
of conservation and land use. This
is the only permanent solution Of
the farm problem and is essential
to the preservation of the Nations
land resources. We propose to stop
muddling and meddling and to be-
gin mending.
And what does the President
mean to do for agriculture? Is
he going to continue the policy Of
scarcity?
The answer is: No one can be
sure.
Now let us turn to industry.
What was the basic declaration Of
the Democratic platform Of 1882?
It was that the antitrust laws
the laws protecting the little fell
low from monoply-should be
strengthened and enforced.
And what did the administra-
ton do? 1t created the N. r. A.
This law gave the sanction Of Gov
eminent to private monopoly, It
Endorsed the vicious policy Of price
fixing. It disregarded the interest
of 10000, 900 Americans as con-
sumers. It attempted to tell every
business man, large and small, how
to run his business.
N. r. A. Held Attempt to
Supplant American Initiative.
The N. r. A. was the direct oppo-
site of the American system Of free
competition. 1t was an attempt to
supplant American initiative with
Washington dictation. And what
happened? Monopolies prospered
and little New Jersey pants presser
went to jail.
I am against private monopoly.
I am against monopolistic prac-
tices. I am against the monopoly
of an all-powerful central Govern
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-10-30

administration policy of "try any
thing once" The time has come
for q steady hand at the wheel.
And what does the President
propose to restore confidence? An
other "breathing-s spell?
The answer is: No one can be
sure.
OF course unemployment cannot
come over night. In the meantime
those In need must have relief.
Consider the administrators rec
ord here.
The Democratic platform In
1892 condemned the improper
and excessive use of money in po-
litical activities"
In defiance of this pledge we
have had an outrageous use Of
public money for political purposes.
Public funds appropriated for re-
lief have been used in an attempt
to buy the votes of our less fortu-
nate citizens. But it will not do
them any good. The votes Of the
American people are not for sale.
Promises to Grant Relief
Purged Of All Politics.
As Chief Executive I intend to
see that relief is purged Of poll
tics. There is ample money in
this country to take care Of those
in need. When I am President
they will be taken care Of. This
is the plain will Of the Amer
lean people.
And what does the President
propose to do about relief? How
does he propose to free the victims
Of the depression from political
exploitation?
The answer is: No one can be
sure.
In highly industrialized So
ciety we must provide for the pro-
lection Of the aged.
The present administration
claims 1t has done this through
its social security act. But the
act does not give security. It Is
based upon a conception that is
fundamentally wrong. It assumes
that the American people are SO
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-10-30

amendment giving the States the
necessary powers.
And what are the intentions Of
the President with respect TO the
Constitution? Does he believe
changes are required? If 30, will
an amendment be submitted to the
people, or will he attempt to get
around the Constitution by tam.
pertng with the Supreme Court?
The answer Is: No one can be
sure.
Wants More Than Material
Recovery In America.
We want more than a material
recovery In this country. We want
q moral and spiritual recovery as
well. We have been allowing ma
terial things to obscure the great
religious and spiritual values. But
life Is more than bread. Character
is the supreme thing. We have
been weakening those very qualities
upon which character Is built. It
would be tragedy If in our attempt
to win prosperity we should lose
our own souls. It would be an
overwhelming disaster If we should
forget that 1t is Righteousness that
exalteth a nation.
Forty-eight hours from tonight,
standing where I am standing,
there will be q President Of the
United States. He will be seeking
reelection.
A little more than 10 hours
after he has spoken, the American
people will be streaming to the
polls.
Here once again I ask him to
speak what is in his mind. 1t is
his duty, as it is my duty, to trust
the combined wisdom of the peo-
pie" For the Constitution, which
he swore to uphold, stands squarely
on the combined wisdom Of the
people"
The people Of this country win
not trust a man who does not trust
them. If he trusts them he will
answer the questions being asked
Continued on Page CAD
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-10-30
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, october 30.-The tex
Of the address by Gov. Alfred M. Ian
don, Republican nominee for Presiden,
in Madison Square Garden last night
follows:
We are drawing to the end OF a
great campaign-a campaign that
transcends all party lines. Tonight
I am here not alone as the repre-
sentative of a great party; I am
here as the representative Of great
cause-a cause in which millions
Of my fellow citizens are joined-a
cause In which Democrats, inde-
pendents and Republicans are
fighting shoulder to shoulder.
Let me begin by restating the
basic principles of my political
creed.
I believe in our Constitutional
form of governments Govern
ment established by the people,
responsible to the people and alter
able only in accordance with the
will of the people.
I believe in our indivisible union
Of indestructible States
I believe in the American system
Of free enterprise, regulated by law.
I believe in the liberty of the in
dividual as guaranteed by the Con-
stitution.
I believe in the rights of minori-
ties as protected by the Consti-
tuition.
I believe in the liberties secured
by the Bill of Rights and in their
maintenance as the best protection
against bigotry and all intolerance,
whether of race, color or creed.
Supreme Court Should Be Free
From Invasion.
I believe in an independent Su-
preme Court and judiciary, secure
from executive or legislative In
vasion.
I believe that in the future, as
in the past, the hopes of our people
can best be realized by following
the American way Of life under the
American Constitution.
believe in the principles of civic
Righteousness exemplified by Theo-
dore Roosevelt and pledge myself
to go forward along the trail he
blazed.
In the light of this creed I have
already outlined my stand on the
chief issues of the campaign: To-
night am going to review my posi-
ton and contrast it with that of
my opponent.
It is fitting that I should start
with the problem of agriculture.
Your city of New York is the great
est market for farm products in the
country. AS consumers you want
an ample supply Of food at fair
prices. As wage earners you need
the. buying power Of prosperous
farm population.
The welfare of agriculture is also
the welfare of industry. A fair adj
justment between the two is not a
matter of politics, it is a matter of
national necessity.
Triple A Enacted in Defiance
of Democratic Platform.
Now let us look at the record.
In direct defiance of the 1882
Democratic platform, which con-
demned the unsound policy of crop
restriction, the triple A was enacted.
The triple A restricted agricultural
production by 36,000,000 acres.
This administration has re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-10-30

Continued on Page ca
Evening star., 1936-05-24

- ONE weeks ago man called at the office
of DR.. Raymond L. Ditmars in the
New York Geological Park to offer
~ what he felt was convincing eyewitness
testimony on the long debated subject of
snake swallowing its young to protect them
in times of danger.
He was a reasonable, thoughtful man and
the Curator of Mammals and Reptiles had
comparatively little difficulty in convincing
him that his eyes and the slightness OF his
knowledge of snake habits had betrayed him.
And then Dr. Ditmars invited him to take
stroll through the Reptile House and inspect
the collection at feeding time.
The Doctor and his guest stopped before
cage that contained diminutive brown snake
two feet long no larger than ones little
finger and curiously formed, having head
scarcely any larger than its body.
Keeper Taggart came along just then, slid
the glass panel aside and laid bantam egg
down beside the snake.
but isn't he going to break the egg9' the
visitor inquired. Your label says that's an
African egg-eating snake; but don't you have
to break the shell for it''
Watch it minute said Dr. Ditmars.
The tiny serpent turned and approached
the egg. In comparison to the size of the
snakes head, the egg seemed enormous -
fully five times its diameter.
And then, as they watched, the tiny jaws
opened and seized fraction of the egg slowly,
sixteenth of an inch by sixteenth, the jaws
worked forward with much squirming and
straining. The skin of the head and jaws
stretched - stretched again - stretched pa
per-thin and seemingly almost to the bursting
point as the egg was engulfed.
Within ten minutes the egg was out OF
sight, although terrific bulge in the creatures
throat showed very clearly where it was The
serpent seemed to be in pain; its taut throat
muscles worked spasmodically. And then sud
denly the bulge subsided, and presently the
snake elected the pieces of shell through its
mouth = crushed and 1attened strips that
had been cut cleanly and sharply through by
the tiny saws in the snakes throat.
Evening star., 1936-05-24

The visitor was goggle-eyed "Wellp' he
said We'll After this I'll believe anything
about snakes. You're not going to tell me
didn't see that snake swallow an egg five times
its own size, are you?'
DR.. Ditmars laughed you saw it. all right.
But meant that as an object lesson to you -
that you don't have to believe impossible
things about animals, because the things they
actually do are amazing enough"
The trouble with animals is that they do so
many fantastic things - actually and demon
strably do them - that many people don't
know where to draw the line between scien-
tific truth and natural history myth. 1t one
snake can swallow an object five times the
size of its head. what's to prevent another
snake from swallowing its own young?
Or, if naturalists can assert that certain
frogs eggs hatch tadpoles which become ten
inches long and then, instead of growing up
to be big frogs, actually shrink to adults less
than two inches long, what's so impossible
about horsehair turning into snake?
A farm boy leads his horses to the watering
trough daily In fit of scientific curiosity ne
plucks out hair from old Charles tail and
drops it in the trough. Next day he discovers
an animated and very much alive horsehair
snake in the water, the same color and ap-
proximately the same size as the hair.
Well2 You put in a hair and you draw out
hair snake What is better proof?
Better proof can be had in the laboratory.
The "snake" is not snake at all; it is the
adult form of an insect parasite. In its larval
stage it may have lived in the internal organs OF
agrasshopper This, perhaps, fell into the water
ing trough, where the adult stage developed.
There are, it appears, more myths and
superstitions about snakes than about any
other group of animals. But the popular be-
liefs about other creatures are usually just as
improbable to the naturalist.
Some people will tell you, for instance, that
a wound in camel's flesh will never heal. In
fact, it is asserted that in the East, the camel
drivers sew patches of cloth or leather on the
hides of their beasts to cover open wounds.
The basis of that yarn may be the practice
Evening star., 1936-05-24
FABLE: A SQUIRREL AFLoAT

artist perhaps imagined it, and the belief took
root from the drawings
In recent years there have been especially
heavy mgratons of squirrels and plenty of
people have had opportunities to observe that
squirrels cross rivers very much the same as
any other animal-by swimming
That the handling of toads is sure to be
productive of warts is familiar fancy of child
hood. In that case, the myth no doubt arises
from superficial resemblance between the
tubercles in toads skin and the juvenile
affliction known as warts Toads do, of course,
carry a secretion that can be highly unpleasant
to the taste, as many an unwary dog has
found: but there is not the slightest connec-
ton between that secretion and warts.
Evening star., 1936-05-24

of resoling the feet of camels that have cut
themselves in crossing rocky ground. A camel's
foot is something like a tough leather cushion
When the skin is accidentally opened, camel
drivers can effect temporary repair by whip
ping a leather sole onto the insensitive edges
of the cushion.
But certainly there is no reason to believe
that ordinary wounds in the hide of the body
will not heal. The Geological Parks camels
have occasionally injured themselves and the
wounds have invariably healed naturally.
1t is an ancient belief that travellers in the
desert. when about to perish from thirst, have
saved themselves by shooting their camels and
drinking the water stored in the creatures
stomachs. Well - a man would indeed have
to be near death from thirst to attempt drink
ing water that has been sloshing around In a
camel's stomach for several days. After he
drank it he would probably die anyway. A
thirsty camel can put away fifteen or twenty
gallons of water at time, but after he has
taken it in it is not good for anything much
but the camel's own needs.
There are several myths about animals that
are puzzling because it is hard to understand
how they began. The ordinary myth
of course is generally based on poor
observation or an incomplete knowl-
edge of specific animals structure or
habits. But what about the story that
when fox has stolen goose he goes
off carrying it slung over his shoulder?
That it is myth there can be no
doubt. My guess is that the origin of
that story is purely literary. The fox
was favorite character in the medieval
beast epic = and the stories have been
illustrated innumerable times. In GER
tain illustrations the goose is being car
ried in this way, and almost certainly
that is the origin of the story.
Another story that may have had
much the same kind of origin is the one
about squirrels crossing streams by en-
barking on chips and raising their tails
as sails Drawings of that style of trans
portation exist i remember having
seen them in a childrens book; but the