davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Saturday press. (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1936, 1936-06-20

government a graduated contri-
button in proportion to its own,
up to a fixed maximum. ITO
make this program consistent
with sound fiscal policy the fed
eral revenues for this purpose
must be provided from the pro-
ceeds of a direct tax widely dis
tributed. All will be benefited
and all should contribute. We
propose to encourage adoption
by the states and territories of
honest and practical measures
for meeting the problems of un-
employment insurance. The un-
employment insurance and old
age annuity sections of the pres
ent social security act are un-
workable and deny benefits to
about two-thirds of our adult
population, including profession
al men and women and all those
engaged in agriculture and do
nestle service and the self en-
ployed while imposing heavy tax
burdens upon all. The so-called
reserve fund estimated at $47,-
600, 100000 for old age insurance
is no reserve at all, because the
fund will contain nothing but the
governments promise to pay,
while the taxes collected in the
ruse of premiums will be wasted
by the government in reckless
and extravagant politica
schemes"
Radical labor newsorgans and
spokesman who have repeatedly
condemned the Republican party
! asbeingreactionary and an enemy
of labor will have to eat their own
words in the light of the COPS
labor pledge:
''The welfare of labor rests up
on increased production and the
prevention of exploitation. We
pledge ourselves to-: Protect the
right of labor to organize and to
bargain collectively through rep
sentatives of its own choosing
without interference from any
source. Prevent governmental
job holders from exercising auto
cratic powers over labor. Sup
port the adoption of state laws
and interstate compacts to abol-
ish sweatshops and child labor,
and to protect women and chill
dren with respect to maximum
hours, minimum wages and work
ing conditions. We believe that
this can be done within the con-
stitution as it now stands.
The Republican platform deals
at length and literally, yet with
shrewd insight, with the agricul-
tural problem.
'sThe farm problem is an eco
nomic and social, not a partisan
problem, and we propose to treat
it accordingly. Following the
wreck of the restrictive and CO.
ercive AAA the New Deal adj
ministration has taken to itself
the principles of the Republican
policy of soil conservation and
land retirement. This action
opens the way for a non-political
and permanent solution. Such a
solution cannot be had under the
The Saturday press. (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1936, 1936-06-20

In its stand on foreign affairs,
the COP. deserves a round of
applause from every American
citizen who believes in minding his
own business and refusing to be
drawn into foreign entanglements
which mighteventual-
ly lead to war:
"We pledge ourselves to pro-
mote and maintain peace by all
honorable means not leading to
foreign alliances or political COM
mitments. Obedient to the ira
ditional foreign policy of Amer
lea and to the repeatedly express
ed will of the American people,
we pledge that America shall not
become member of the League
of Nations nor of the World
Court, nor shall America take on
any entangling alliances in for
eign affairs. We shall promote,
as the best means of securing and
maintaining peace by the pacific
settlement of disputes, the great
cause of international arbitration
through the establishment of
free, independent tribunals,
which shall determine such dis
putes in accordance with law,
equity and justice"
Regarding national defense,
the oldest party is terse and to
the point:
owe favor an army and navy,
including air forces, adequate for
our national defense. We will
cooperate with other nations in
the limitation of ornaments and
control of traffic in arms.''
The COP. makes an outright
stand on the bill of rights:
"We pledge ourselves to pre-
serve, protect and defend, against
all intimidation and threat, free
dom of religion, speech, press
and radio; and the right of as
sembly and petition and irnmu-
nifty from unreasonable searches
and seizures. We offer the abid-
ing security of a government of
laws as against the autocratic
perils of a government of men,"
In addition:
eve pledge continuation of the
Republican policy of adequate
compensation and care for vet
Grams disabled in the service of
our country and for their wild
ows, orphans and dependents. -.
We shall use every effort to COL
lect the war debt due us from
foreign countries amounting to
$12,OOO,OOO,OOO = one-third of
our national debt. No effort has
been made by the present admin
istration even to reopen negotia-
tons. -. We are opposed to leg
iSlation which discriminates
against women in federal and
state employment"
In conclusion:
1--WE assume the obligations
and duties imposed upon govern
ment by modern conditions. We
affirm our unalterable conviction
that, in the future as in the past,
the fate of the nation will de-
pend, not so much on the wisdom
and power of government, as on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23
Natures Children
Marble Gall (Cynips kollari).

The home Of gall insects offers one
of the most fascinating collections
and home studies imaginable. No
member of the clan builds like any
other tribe. You may identify the
residence and know with absolute GER
tainty what member of the super
family Cynipoidae was the builder.
In a short time you will find your
walks in the open produce q treasure
house of prize specimens to bring home
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23

world, and the youngster, who is rap
idly taking on weight by continually
feasting. must have more room to &C
commodate his girth.
After spending his youth in pleas
ant surrounding, hidden from foes
and protected from the weather, the
larva reaches the place where he must
transform into the adult insect and
find his mate.
At this stage ne is fat. legless
grub. No one would take him for
anything but lazy. stupid grub. a
toothsome morsei for bird. If the
weather conditions are such as to
prevent the growth of new plant
tissue he will await his debut until
the time is just right.
Examine the gals to be found on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23

with you. There would be no objec-
ton offered by any one. For the gall
insects give nothing in return to the
plant or the world for using that
which belongs to others.
Another thing about these fasci-
mating creatures is that as yet they
have not given up their secrets, at
least some very important ones, to the
scientist or the nature lover.
They must be clever to have hidden
from the world how they really per-
form the miracle of house building
Here is another opportunity to become
famous. Malpighi, in the latter part
of the seventh century, discovered
that the gals found on plants were
not deformities, as was at first thought,
but the "wart" was made by an insect.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23
BY LILLIAN COX ATHEY.

LII about you are hundreds OF
n fascinating homes occupied by
"A one or more of Natures Chill
< a dren. No attempt has been
made to conceal them, yet the arcili-
lecture of some of the dwellings Is
well worth several hours study, and
the fellow domiciled within is a crea-
ture of ingenuity and on occasion
quite handsome.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23

He thought that the insect stung the
plant. much as bee stings an animal,
and that the swelling followed the
sting.
However, it Is found that this Is
not the actual fact. It is the young
ster who secretes q fluid that irri-
tates the Jlant. 50 1t throws out its
own juices in order to protect itself.
The gall-insect mother is 100 per
cent botanist in identifying her par
ticular plant. She inserts a rather
long-stemmed egg into the plant tissue
Of her chosen host and departs.
Her offspring awakens to find him.
self surrounded by his favorite food,
and begins at once t. devour the walls
about him. The wee apartment be-
gins to take on size to the outside
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23
BISHOP OF GEORGIA DIES

SAVANNAH. Ga, December %
R.-The Right Rev. Frederick Focke
Reese, Bishop Of the Episcopal Diocese
of Georgia, died at his home here last
night after a heart attack.
He was 80 years old, a native Of
Baltimore, Md, and had been Bishop
Of Georgia since May 20, 1908.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23

oak leaves and stems. You will see
the neat little door exit on the side
of the empty ones. and those still oc-
cupied are-locked Cut them open
and you will see the cozy apartment
and-perhaps the sleepyhead, too.
(Copyright. 1885,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23
Two Retreats Scheduled.

The Washington Retreat League
will sponsor two retreats for Catholic
women during the holidays at 1000
Hardwood road northeast. The first
will be December "a and rs and the
second December 81 and January /.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23

Take Oaths on Anthill.
The Juangs. jungle tribe of Orissa,
India, take their most sacred oaths
on an ant-hill or tiger skin.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23
Royon Poiomos

women's beautiful lace
trimmed and tailored two NJ
piece pajamas with contrast
Thinning: Sizes Is az 1s.-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23
Mems Poiomos

MILDLY. coat and notched col
lar styles in plain colors and
all-over patterns. Sizes A to
D.-Main Floor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23
Women's Pojomas

Two-piece pajamss in pastel
shades. Also fiannelette
gowns In neat stripes. Sizes
10 and 17.-Main Floor. y
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23
Boys Suede jackets


Wool flannel robes In - m
navy. brown and wine. Q
Pockets and belts. Braid oOV
trimmed. Small, medium
ana large stzes.-Second
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23

Printed dimity. batiste and
lawn in a world of new color
combinations. Guara nteed
tubproof.-Main Floor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23

9-pc. set. consisting of ice tub
and g glasses. and tonss on
:. ki..i hearty "'l'omil-D'.n'
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23
Extro Size Slips
Quilted Robes

women's and misses fne - 0G
quilted bath robes IN pink. A00
blue and combination colors.
Small, medium and large
siDo6.-0eeoad NooR.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23

Mill lengths Of high-count
quality prints in new pat
terms and color schemes. They
wash perfectly.-Main Floor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23
Women's Sweaters

Extra size coat sweaters. - 90
- to 81. Navy. black .So
and brown. AL have
pockets. Practical gifts!
Second Floor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23
Women's Umbrellas

Plain tops or with patterned
borders. 10 ribs. Wood shanks
and novelty handles. Guar
anteed rainproof. Navy. brown
and black.-Main Floor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23

Daniel Boone log cabin sets. -
fascinating and educational
toy for all children. Builds
many styles Of cabins.
Downstairs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23

Mems Melton Jockets
Made with full talon clippers .A2
and two pockets Plain or
sport backs-Main Floor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23

women's pure linen and
batiste handkerchiefs. all
white. color on white. lace
corner and hand appliQued
designs.-Main Floor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23

Atwood glove and mufiier
sets in plain color and novelty
designs.-Main Floor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23

Printed and corded
crepes in rayon and
cotton. guaranteed per-
fectly washable. FASH
ionable new colors.-
Main Floor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23

Ail.linen scarfs in size TX
80. Tan shade with colored ~
DESIGNS. They wash perfectly. u
-Msin Floor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23

Perfects and sub-standards.
full fashioned silk stockings.
sheer chiffon. with picot tops.
Clear. fine quality. Size sh7
to 10.-Main Floor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23

All remaining Lionel
electric trains are re-
duced for immediate
clearance. All in per-
feet condition.-Down
stairs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23

"Grand Slam" sets that con-
tain shaving cream. talcum.
styptic pencil and after-shave
lotion. Ideal mans gift
Main Floor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23
Royon Bedspreods

Tailored rayon spreads, sizes
90x105 and 72x105. Rose.
green. gold. orchid and blue.
Main Floor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23

Button-on styles in these
serviceable linene suits in
sizes 3 to Q years. Styles
the boys want.-Seeond
Floor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1936-12-23
Women's Dresses

Smart and serviceable broad n
cloth dresses with long or ri
short sleeves. Many smart
trimmings. Sizes SO to 50.
Montana labor news., 1936-10-29
Roosevelt and Labor

Evidence accumulates daily that Labor is
practically a unit in supporting President
Roosevelt for reelection. The reasons are not
hard to find.
Under President Roosevelt more than $780,
900 people have been put back to work.
Under President Roosevelt payrolls have in
creased liz per cent over the low point between
193O-33.
Under President Roosevelt Labor, for the
first time in the history of this country, was
given the right by legislation to join a union
of its own choosing.
Under President Roosevelt the United States
Employment Service placed 2,781, 1872 in jobs
during the fiscal year 1934-35.
Under President Roosevelt child labor was
diminished.
Under President Roosevelt employers were
barred from interfering with membership in
any labor organization.
Under President Roosevelt sweatshops were
abolished and long hours of toll under miser-
able conditions prohibited.
Under President Roosevelt the five-day week
was established and has been maintained in
many important industries.
Under President Roosevelt railroad wages
were restored to the 1929 level and railroad
workers pensions provided.
In a word, from President Roosevelt Labor
has had more than lip-service. It has had ac-
ton. 1t is not surprising, therefore, that Labor
should rally to the Presidents support. In the
language of the resolution passed by the New
York State Federation of Labor, toilers are
unanimously Of the opinion that the hopes,
aspirations, ambitions and future well-being of
the working people Of our State and nation lie
in the reelection Of Franklin Delano Roose-
velt.'
Montana labor news., 1936-10-29
Republicans Spread Fear Campaign

Item No. l of the Republican management's
fear campaign continues to be their argument
that food prices under the Roosevelt admins
tration have risen beyond the reach of the
pocketbook of the average citizen"
The autumn report on workers earnings in
relationship to food prices" was issued by the
Department of Agriculture, this year on Sep
tember 4th. But freedom of the press being
what it is during the political campaign, many
newspapers overlooked it entirely or referred
to it very meagerly as New Deal propaganda"
So there has been no hindrance to this Liber-
ty League-Old Guard crusade in behalf of the
working man." By picking a very few carefully
selected commodities that, because of the dew
astating drought, show prices as high as 1929,
they try to leave the broad inference that ALL
prices are HIGHER than in 1929.
Nc greater fraud has ever been attempted.
The truth is that in July, 1886, the average
price of ALL food products was q per cent
LESS THAN in July, 1925. Bread, cake and pies
were 7 per cent lower; meats were Is per cent
lower; eggs were rs per cent lower; dairy prod
ucts were % per cent lower; fruits and vege-
tables were Is per cent lower; sugar and sweets
were II per cent lower.
In the cities-never of course in the farm
belt-the Republicans have the supreme audac-
ity to compare present prices with the disas-
trous Hoover prices Of 1881 and 1882. 1t was no
less an authority than Col. Frank Knox himself
who adopted this method of comparison and
who drew SO caustic a telegram of protest from
Clyde Reed, former Republican governor of
Kansas, as to disturb the equilibrium of the
telegraph company.
The truth is that most food prices are now
lower than in 1881. Sugar is about the same;
Montana labor news., 1936-10-29

meats, dairy products, eggs, canned fruits and
vegetables and beverages are all cheaper.
But the average man and woman will recog-
nize the unfairness of making comparisons with
the all-time-low farm prices. To them the real
test of prosperity is What will my income
buy?"
Factory workers, for example, were receiving
in July, 1886, almost exactly twice as much per
week as they did in July, 1882.
At the same time the cost of living-includ-
ing food, rent, clothing, fuel, etc.-was three
60 per cent lower in July, 1896, than in July,
1882.
And, for the first time since 1929, the index
of weekly earnings of factory workers is this
year higher than the cost of living index.
Thus, a factory worker today can buy more
baskets of food with his weekly income than
he could even in 1882!
Best of all, the farmer also is much better
off; and his returning prosperity is no unfair
ness to city jewellers. On the contrary, farmers
are better able to buy factory products and the
American farmer is additionally the best
spender in the world. Farmers cash income in
1885 was SO per cent higher than in Hoover's
1882 and the Department of Commerce records,
as well as the economic authorities of the great
New York banks, show the farmers are buying
so per cent more manufactured goods than four
years ago.
The question is clear. Are consumers better
off when, as at present, they can buy more
food, more clothing, keep their homes and save?
Or is it possible to convince consumers that
they we're better off in 1882, with nearly six
millions more unemployed than at present, with
starvation wages for those who had jobs, with
loss of savings and genuine fear?
Montana labor news., 1936-10-29
A Suggestion to Governor LandOn

The other day at Buffalo Governor Landon
expressed deep concern over future genera
lions.
"We must remember" he said, that every
time the Government spends a dollar that dol
lar will have to be paid by us, or we must
pass the debt on to be paid by our children.
No parents like to leave their children a heri-
tage of debts and mortgages. We must face
the issue squarely. The present Administra-
TONS daily mounting deficits are closing the
door of opportunity to your children and to
my children"
It is interesting to learn how the present Adj
ministration's daily mounting deficits" were
acquired. Let us ask, for example, what share
Governor Landon had in their creation.
The records show that grand total of $448,-
1886 was sent to Kansas by the Federal Gov
eminent since the Inauguration of President
Roosevelt, which followed the Inauguration of
Governor Landon by two months.
This money was used in Kansas to relieve
distress, to prevent foreclosures on homes and
farms, to re-establish banks upon sound basis,
to stimulate business and industry and to re-
store purchasing power to Kansas farmers.
While Governor Landon was slashing the sal
aries Of school teachers and other civil en-
ployes in order to create a surplus of more than
a million dollars for Kansas, hi was giving
small heed to the future distress of "your chill
dren and my children" so far as the Federal
budget was concerned.
AS a matter Of fact, Governor Landon con-
stantly bombarded Washington with kilograms,
Io44oV- 4o1onlooo ao11o .ax1 .oz.ze--1 ----1
for more Federal money for the people of his
state. He wouldn't give them the money of the
State Of Kansas, but he was indefatigable in
his efforts to get more cash out Of Uncle Sam.
AS a result of his supplications, Kansas, which
ranks as the twenty-fourth State of the Union
in point Of population, stands as fifteenth in
the amount Of money actually received from
the Federal Government. Well might he say,
as he boosted when he was running for re-
election in 1894, that kansas has always re-
ceived its full share Of Federal relief money"
Now, when he is a candidate for President,
his supporters glorify his record as a budget
b%alancer, when as a matter of law, he could
have been nothing else. He, himself, goes upon
the stump and bemoans the tax burden that
awaits the next generation. He forgets to men
ION that he had a noteworthy share in Gre
ating that burden.
Since the Governor frets so much about the
future generation and Kansas, after accepting
S448, 8 1916 in the last three and a half years
from the Federal Government, finds itself with
a cash balance Of more than 81, 100000, why
doesn't Governor Landon return it to Uncle
Sam? It would be just so much less that your
children and my children" would have to pay.
Montana labor news., 1936-10-29
POLLS AND STRAW
BALLOTS IN VOGUE
BY HENRY ION
Federated Press

and
straw ballots, in an attempt to an
ticipate the results of November's
presidential election, r the fashion.
In most of them there is a catch.
Polls and straw ballots attempt
to forecast on the basis of a sample
taken by the poller. If, he says, this
particular sample I've taken, votes
this way then it is a safe assump-
ton that the. whole group, from
which this sample is taken, will
vote in the same way. 1t becomes
necessary, therefore, to be absolute
ly certain that the sample taken is
truly representative of the group
whose vote is being forecast.
One of the most popular as well
as reliable polls is that conducted
by the Literary Digest magazine.
First results announced by the
magazine claim a two-to-one vote
for Landon in New Jersey, New
York, Maine, and Pennsylvania. But
look at their sample before leaping
for the storm cellar.
The 1882 records show that 81 per
cent of the country voted Demo-
cratic and 80 per cent Republican
That is the group that the Literary
Digest is sampling. It means that of
every 100 persons polled this year
81 should have voted Democratic
in 1882 and 80 should have voted
Republican.
First returns on the Digest poll
show 1906 votes for Landon, 7,645
for Roosevelt, and 754 for Lemke. o.
the 24,455 people polled, however,
81 per cent reported that they voted
for Hoover in 1882 and only SO
voted for Roosevelt.
In other words the Literary Di-
gest asked nor Republicans than
Democrats who they ere going to
vote for this year. The result, there
fore, is not surprising. You wouldn't
be surprised if the Pope said he was
a Catholic, would you?
Actually in those four states in
1882 the vote was So per cent Dem
ocratic and AZ per cent Republican
If this Digest poll is to be adjusted
to make it a truly representative
samplng, therefore, 10 per cent OF
the votes should be added to the
Democratic figure and IA per cent
%subtracted from the Republican
figure.
Doing this the results become
Roosevelt, 12,10O and Landon, H.
500. Surveys by expert political re-
porters bear out the closeness of
the fight in these states as indicated
by the adjusted figures.
This statistical analysis is, of
course, rough and ready but it was
prepared by reliable s~tatisticians
who are as unbiased as any that
can be found here, where statistics
are well behaved. Nevertheless its
fundamental premise holds. To
judge the veracity of a poll or straw
ballot look to the fairness of the
sampling. Every honest ballot
should include an indication of how
the voter cast his ballot in 1882.
Polls, straw votes and such are