davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-01-22

By United Press
NEW YORK, Jan. 22.-The civil
lized world (dentally speaking)
hailed DR.. Leroy L. Hartman. CO.
lumbia University School of Dental
and Oral Surgery professor, as its
long looked-for benefactor today. He
revealed the formula of a chemical
discovery which makes the tortuous
dentists drill painless. The sub
stance was given to humanity free
of patent encumbrances.
The announcement, made before
5000 members of the dental societies
of New York, was received by SCI
entists as an epoch-making event
IN mans age-old battle against pain.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-01-22
Dentist Donates TO All
Formula Banning Pain

To the layman it meant the fulfill
ment of what every dental patient
has ardently desired-really painless
dentistry,
DR.. Hartmans discovery was
compared with other historic medi-
cal achievements, such as the dis
cevery of the anesthetic property of
nitrous oxide in 1874, and the DEM
onstration of anesthesia in surgery
with sulphuric ether in 1886. CO.
incidentally, both these develop
ments also were made by dentists.
Although University Patents, Inc,
controlled by Columbia University,
holds the basic patent on the sub
Turn to Page Three
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-01-22
Severe Frigid Wave Sweeps
Down on Midwest From
Ice Fields.
LOW MARKS RECORDED
Forecast 20 Below in Chi
cago Tonight; Snow
Not Likely.
BY United Press

The severest cold wave in
35 years descended. upon the
Middle West today as frigid
blasts and temperatures rang
ing down to 55 below knitted
in from the Canadian and
Alaskan ice fields.
The coolest spot in the United
States probably was international
Falls, MINI, where the bitter arctic
wind plunged the mercury to SIS
below at $3.50 a. m. This smashed
northwest cold records of two
decades.
No relief is in sight until tomor-
row night, the official weather fore
casters at Chicago said Then
slowly rising temperatures will pre-
vail. There will be little if any
snow accompanying the chill.
20 Below Forecast for Chicago
The forecast for Chicago and the
Great Lakes vicinity of Illinois, In
diana and Michigan, scheduled tenn
peratures as low as "a below. 1t
will be 20 below in Chicago tonight,
the lowest since 1899 when it was
Il below on Feb. 8.
Devils Lake, N. D., and Moorhead,
Mimi, each had 38 degrees below
zero. Duluth had 80 below. De-
corah, Ia, "a below, 20 below at
Spencer, Ia, rs below at Charles
City, Ia, "a below at La Crosse, Wis,
Is below at Dubuque, Ia, and IL
below at Milwaukee.
Freeport, ILL.,, reported IS below
zero and Canton, ILL.,, had II below
with the mercury still sinking.
Snow Drifting in State.
Snow which fell last night was
drifting badly in Indiana, Illinois
and Iowa, impeding all forms of
transportation. Chicago had be-
low in the city and suburban Lom-
bard reported II below at $50 a. m.
Citizens of northern Iowa also had
a 40-mile-an-hour wind 20 contend
with, blowing the cold wave into
the southeast, where it is expected
to subside.
The sudden frigidity brought re-
ports of phenomenal dips in tenn
perature, the mercury in some places
plunging IT. degrees an hour.
At Minneapolis the severe cold
snapped the antenna OF a large
broadcasting station.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-01-22
BONUS BILL IS
PASSED.; GOES
TOROOSEvELT
House, by Huge Majority,
Accepts Senate's Baby
Bond Measure.
PAYABLE AFTER JUNE IS
Substitute Is Rushed to
Passage Despite Threat
of Veto.
BIZ United Press

BIZ United Press
WASHINGTON, Jan. o.
Congress slammed the S2,237,-
100000 soldiers bonus bill
through the formalities of
final passage today and pre-
pared to do it all over if nee
essary to override a presiden-
tial veto.
Speaker Joseph Byrns announced
the vote as 346 to So. This compared
with a vote of $50 to SO when the
House passed it's own bonus bill
last week.
The House completed action on
the measure, providing for payment
in baby bonds which may be cashed
Immediately or held as an invest
ment, when it accepted the Senate
method of payment and dispatched
the measure to the White House.
The overwhelming House ma jor-
ity in favor of the bond bonus en-
phasized the belief of Congress that
it could pass the measure over a
presidential veto. This attitude was
based on the "a to Is Senate vote
in favor of the bill. A veto and
final vote may come early next week.
Senate Bill Substituted.
The original House bill, passed
with only Sc dissenting votes, called
for immediate full cash payment,
but failed to specify how the money
should be raised. The Senate meas
IRE was substituted.
The bill that now goes to the
President provides for payment in
$50 bonds, cashable after June IS,
or they may be held, drawing per
cent interest until 1945, the original
time for payment of the adjusted
service certificates.
The bill provides no means of
raising the money to pay the bonus,
but as yet there has been no def
mite indication of whether new
taxes will be required.
Measure Draws Attack
Rep. Robert Rich (R., Pa spoke
against the bill. He asserted that
THE bill provides a gratuity aver
aging SIS on each certificate.
Our duty today is to the coun-
try, not to any minority groups. Our
country is in great danger financial
ly. Where will you get the money!"
Rep. John Rankin Cd, Miss.), a
longtime advocate of the initiation
method of payment said he hoped
that the President would utilize his
currency expansion powers to find
the money to pay the bonds"
Rep. Hamilton Fish tR., N. "
asserted that the bill would mot
impair the soundness of the dollar. f"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-01-22
STATE LOSES FIGHT
TO INTRODUCE GUNS
Temporary Ruling Is Given
in Jacoby Trial.

Evidence about guns alleged to
have belonged to Forrest Jacoby, AL
and John Head and Jerry Dukes
who are on trial for benditry was
ruled out temporarily today in
Criminal Court until the state can
prove that the raid that revealed
the arms was made after the men
had been arrested for a felony.
The attempt of the state to pre-
sent the weapons through testimony
OF Police Sergeant Charles G. Bur-
kett was halted yesterday on ob;ec-
ton Of Clyde c. Karrer, defense at
tcrney.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-01-22
NEW BETHEL TEACHER
Is SERIOUSLY INJURED
Miss Mabel Sutton Is Taken to
Hospital After Auto Crash.

Two New Bethel school teachers
were injured, one seriously, when
their car collided head on with an
auto driven by a Home Owners
Loan Corp. auditor this morning in
the 1900 block Southeastern-av.
Miss Mabel Sutton, 30, of l6 N.
Bosart-av, was taken to City Hos
pital in an unconscious condition,
and Mrs. Elloree Northcott, 80, Liz
ton, driver, received scalp wounds.
Mrs. Northcott attempted to pass
another car when she rammed into
an auto driven by D. D. Sampson,
AZ, Shelbyville, Hole official. Mr..
Sampson and three women passen-
gers were uninjured.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-01-22
FARM DEBT LAW UPHELD

Cincinnati Judge Rules Frazier.
Lemke Act Constitutional
By United Press
CINCINNATI. o., Jan. 22.-Con-
stitutionality of the amended
Frazier-Lemke farm moratorium
law was upheld today by Judge
Robert r. Nevin in United States
District Court here.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-01-22
POWERS PLEDGE MUTUAL
AID IF ITALY ATTACKS
Eden Bares Agreement as League
Moves Toward Oil Embargo.

Bg United Press
GENEVA, Jan. 22.-Anthony Eden,
British Foreign Secretary, revealed
today that Britain, France, Yugo-
slavia, Greece and Turkey had made
an alright arrangement to give
each other armed aid if Italy at
tackS any of them because of sane
tionS.
Mr.. Eden's revelation came short
ly after the Leagues steering COM
mittee of Is had decided to
move toward an oil embargo
against Italy by appointing COM
mittee of experts to study whether
it could be made effective.
Mr.. Eden sent note to Augusta
de Vasconcellos, chairman of the
committee of Is. explaining details
of the conversations which have
been held among the Mediterranean
powers.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-01-22
STOCKS HOLD GAINS
IN QUIET SESSION
Westinghouse and Johns Manville
Make New Highs.


BIZ United Press
NEW YORK, Jan. 22.-Stocks
held gains ranging to more than
four points early this afternoon in
dull trading. The whole list had
been carried up in the morning with
volume increasing above yesterdays
lethargic pace.
Leading issues made a good show
ing with Bethlehem Steel at Sis,
up 2; Westinghouse Electric 1041a
up 81 and new high; Johns Man
vile 1867, up Az and also a new
high; Chrysler S71s, up rs; Cen
eral Motors SIS, up l; du Pont
143&, up *; U. S. Steel 1875, up
is; New York Central 297s, up rs
and Atchison SOS, up Us.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-01-22
JUDGMENT WITHHELD
IN CITY LIQUOR CASE

Excise Officer Admits Drinking Be-
fore Making Arrest.
Judgment was withheld in the
case of Frank Nicholson, operator
of a pool room at 1924 E. Washing
ton-st, today by Judge Charles j.
Karabell in Municipal Court. be-
cause a state excise officer gathered
too much evidence"
Harold Ware, state excise officer
admitted in court that he had had
a number of drinks before he found
Nicholson selling whisky without a
license.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-01-22
Strike Front Is Quiet as
Additional Troops Leave
Three More Companies, One Battery Withdrawn From
JefersonvIIe $50 Workers Continue
BY ARCH STEINEL
Times Staff Writer

NEW ALBANY, 22Addtiona withdrawn
this Jeersonvie this
panes Of National Guardsmen to enforce martial law
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-01-22
EXPENSIVE, HASTY RIDE
Driver Hurrving to Get Job Fined
for Traffic Infractions.

So hasty was Thomas Mitchell,
of 1874 S. Easiest, TO get to place
where he learned there was job,
that he drove too fast, failed to stop
at a preferential street, and failed to
get drivers license. Judge Charles
J. Karabell fined him $1i and costs
on the three counts in Municipal
Court.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-01-22
SISTERS ARE SLUGGED,
ROBBED BY TWO THUGS
Scalp Wound Inflicted, Purse
Taken, Police Are Told.

Misses Flo and Cleo Kinnaman,
sisters, BIT N. New JerSey-st, are
recovering today from scalp wounds
inflicted by two Negro thugs who
seized Miss Flo Kinnaman's purse
in the 300 block, N. New jersey
st last night.
The sisters were believed to have
been struck with an iron paste pot
which was found wrapped in a
newspaper. A pair of Spectacles and
IS were in the stolen purse.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-01-22
BLIND MAN GOES ON
TRIAL FOR HIS LIFE

Faces First Degree Murder Charge
for Evansville Stabbing.
Times Special
EVANSVILLE, Jan. pa blind
man is to go on trial for his life
here tomorrow. He is James Cut
singer, SO, charged with first de-
gree murder in connection with the
death of Dele Roy, Sc, whom he is
alleged to have stabbed during an
alteration JAN 10. Cutsinger told
police he attacked Roy in defense
of his wife.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-01-22
CABINET QUITS IN EGYPT

Resigns in Protest at Terms of
Treaty With England.
By United Press
CAIRO, Egypt, Jan. %. - The
cabir.et rendered its resignation to
King Fuad today The cabinet re-
signed in protest at terms of pro-
posed treaty with Great Britain.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1936-01-22
FEED BIRDS, CLUB ASKS

Grain or Suet Will Keep Them
From Starving, Group Says.
With the ground covered with
snow, the birds will starve unless
food. preferably grain or suet, is
placed out for them, the Indiana
Nature Study Club pointed out to-
day.
Club officials urged that food be
placed where the birds can find it.
The Washington times., 1936-12-29
Deny
Mungo Trade
Runn0r

ST. LOUIS. Dec. 29.-Two big
league baseball managers, turned
farmer during the winter off sea-
son, were interrupted in their
morning chores today for COM
ment on the New York report
that Van Lingle Mungo, Dodgers
pitcher, had been traded to the
Chicago Cubs.
There has been some Specula-
tion regarding a possible trade con-
ference in a rural setting be-
tween Charley Grimm, manager
of the Chicago Cubs, and Burleigh
Grimes, Dodgers manager.
Called from the barn of his
farm at Villa Ridge, Mo-, about IS
miles southwest Of here, to answer
the telephone, Grimm declared:
There's nothing at all to the
report. why, 1 haven't seen
Burleigh since the recent base
ball meetings in New York"
Reached at his farm at New
Haven, Mo-, 26 miles west of Villa
Ridge, Farmer Grimes declared
briefly:
81 have no comment to make.
If any such deal had been made
announcement would come from
John German, business man
ager of the Brooklyn team"
The Washington times., 1936-12-29

dividual members Of the cham
piOnship teams.
"AII of the boys clubs are rep.
resented in this tournament.
The Y. M. C. A. also is repre-
sented, playing in the 1OO-pOund
class. The recreation centers
and many neighbOrhOOd teams
are represented.
''It is a fine thing for the
boys, and the increasing in
terest, as indicated by the con-
StantIy increasing entries, is
gratifying to those in control of
the tournament"
Every game is a battle royal on
that court which has been trod by
some Of the greatest athletes in
the history Of George Washington
University.
Quality of Game High
The quality of basketball Is
high, but the spirit of battle is
rampant. There was that game
yesterday between the Leland
Cagers and the Northeast Boys
Club, two teams of tiny tads that
went extra periods before the LIE.
land kids won in a furious squirt
in the closing minutes Of the
game.
In that battle Leland led, 1S-9,
but the Northeast kids rallied and
CONTINUED on Page 20, Col. u
The Washington times., 1936-12-29

First, 1t is a big team.
Second, it has versatility.
Third, it has speed, aggressive
ness and the heart.
Fourth, it has poiSe and naatuT"
ity.
Fifth, it has that all-important
gridiron attribute, the will to win.
Today, L. s. U. has ii players on
the Tiger squad. Those Al players
average a fraction Of pound un-
der 100.
Twelve Of the Al each weighs
200 pounds or better; seven players
each weigh between 100 and 200;
each Of eight weighs-in at a
mark between 180 and 100
pounds: nine of the Tigers scale
between ITO and 1870; five players
each go between $50 and ITO, the
lightest being Jack Walker, a back,
who scales 1874.
The Tigers of the BayouS have
10 tackles. The heaviest Of these
Is big Ben Friend, the lad who
succeeded Baby" Jack Torrance
as a Shot-putter at L. s. U. Ben
scales a mere 243. The 10 tackles
average zoe pounds!
Lester Is LighteSt
The lightest Of the tackles is
Gordon Lester, another Shot-put-
ter, and he scaels 100 pounds!
Five of the 10 tackles each
weighs between 210 and 220.
Three scale between 200 and 2l0.
If that isn't tackle material,
what is?
On the flanks. L. S. U. has
Continued on Page 20, Col. g.
The Washington times., 1936-12-29
British ) Shin e
In u. 5. Golf
Events

((Editor'S note-ThiS Is the
second of series 1Dritten eSpe-
ciGlly for International Ne1DS
Seruice By outstanding sports
figures, reviewing 1896 and
looking ahead to 1897
BY GENE SARAZEN
Former British and U. S. Open
Champion and holder OF many
other golf titles.
NEW YORK, Dec. 29.-The year
1885 will be remembered as one
of the most sensational periods in
the history Of American golf.
For the first time the U. S.
women'S~ championship travelled
to England, which also came close
to capturing the mems amateur
title as well; the scoring record
twice was broken in the U. S.
Open last round, and many other
incidents stand out boldly.
Last In 1911
In winning the women's cham
pionship, Pam Barton, husky
young English miss who previ-
ously had won the British title.
defeated Mrs. Maureen Orcutt
Crews at Canoe Brook, and only
Johnny FiScher's great squirt t
against Jock Mclean in the last
six holes at Garden City kept the
mems amateur crown in this coun-
try.
Bear in mind that this was only
the second time since Harold Hill
ton won in 1911 at ApawamiS that
q BritiSher had even reached the
final in this tournament.
We made up in some measure
for that close call and loss Of the
women'S title by crushing the Brit
iSh Walker Cup team at Pine Val
ley, but the British seem to be do
ing better all the time. They have
retained their open title for the
last three years with such remark
able scores as 283, 2S3 and 287.
What does it all mean-is this
trend indicative of a new era in
British golf?
If so we have our job cut out
for us in 1887, which promises to
be another most interesting year.
We are challenged to present evil
dence that our school OF new
American players are worthy sue
CONTINUED on Page 20, Col. 2l
The Washington times., 1936-12-29

Inc occasion is CI1e ANNUAL
basketball tournament Of the
Police Boys clubs and IS teams
are entered.
This is the third year Of the
tournament, which is rapidly in
creasing in popularity. 1t started
Al teams competing, increased IN
numbers the second year to 48
teams and this year it has leaped
into popularity with the greatest
entry list Of its brief but brilliant
life.
KEEP BOYS OFF STREETS
''Major Ernest Brown, chief Of
the Metropolitan Police, is eager
to get the boys off the street
corners and keep them active
during the holidays said Nor
ris Fox, assistant director Of
the Police Boys Club. eve have
some games for the unlimited
classes at nights. This will
stimulate general interest. The
final games will be played on
Thursday night.
"The Police Boys Clubs appre-
ciate the splendid cooperation of
the Washington newspapers"
continued Mr.. Fox. "They have
offered attractive prizes for the
winners Of the several classes.
The Washington Times Is offer
ing the cup for the 145.pOund
class. The Police Boys Club is
giving gold baSketbalIs to the in
The Washington times., 1936-12-29

Gevinson answered quite defi-
nitely the one final question which
had been in the minds Of the skeo-
tics, having to do with how he
would last the route against so
hardy and experienced a man as
the Florida battler who has been
on the boxing boards a full dozen
years and has packed more than
260 fights beneath his belt.
Decision Unanimous
Gevenson's decision was unant-
nous, both as among the three
officials and the 1900 fight fans
who thoroughly warmed to the
going and at times flew into fits
Of frenzy when GevenSon would
stage sustained rally and appear
to be on the verge of stopping his
more experienced foe.
And it is none to Louis diScredit,
nor Joe'S either, that there was
not a knockdown during their
heated rivalry. In lieu thereof
there was plenty Of stand-up slug
ging on a giVe-and-take basis, Gev-
inson being the far cleaner hitter,
as we'll as the cleverer.
Trainer Matt Twomey, who has
brought GevinSon along nicely
through a tedious amateur career
which has been glorified with
some sterling exhibitions among
the simon pures, saw his efforts
crowned last night with perform
ance that must have meant much
more to him than the monetary
reward accruing.
It foreshadowed more precisely
CONTINUED on Page 20. Col. 2)
The Washington times., 1936-12-29
DuquesneC Coach
Sings Blues

MIAMI, Dec. 20 (I.N.SJ.
'We1l be lucky to hold Missis-
sippi State to one or two touch
downs"
This was the statement today Of
Coach John Smith, Of Duquesne,
as he and his squad arrived here
for the New Year Day Orange
Bowl football classic.
Illness of Boyd Brumbaugh, SEN
Sational running star Of DuqueSne,
was also worrying Coach Smith.
Brumbaugh is suffering from ton
sintiS.
The Washington times., 1936-12-29
Cevinson is Convincing
hDefeat Offences
Before 1900
By KIRK MILLER
Times Sports Editor

Washington's newest convert to the profes-
sional ranks has passed his first gruelling test
since he deserted the amateurs some six weeks
ago.
Before throbbing holiday audience which suffocated
Turner'S Tom Thumb Arena last night souhpaw Lou Gevn
made fast his exalted position the local fight pedestal by
pairing the veteran Joe Teme fight that
thoroughly satisfying to the initiated and the casual OBJ
The Washington times., 1936-12-29
Sport Worlds Passing Show

Amateur standing Of intercOl-
Iegiate sports discussed at meet
ings of National Collegiate Ath-
letic Association at New York.
Past year called one of most
sensational periods in history of
golf by Gene SaraZen, former Brit
ish and U. S. Open champion.
Sale of Pitcher Van Lingle Mum
60 Of Brooklyn Dodgers to Chi
CagO Cubs rumOred.
The Washington times., 1936-12-29

) Dave "SWeeney" Schriner Of
New York Americans regained in
dividuaI scoring lead, according to
official National Hockey League
standings.
Harry Kipke, slated to be elected
new president Of American Foot
ball Coaches Association, seen as
coach without portfolio, with re-
appointment at Michigan not as
Sured.
The Washington times., 1936-12-29
Police Boys Clubs Tourney
Is Growing Rapidly In
City-Wide Popularity
By FRANK BUCK" O'NEILL

The Great American Boy, the long skinny boy, the short
stocy boy curly haired boy all kinds and all types Of boys
500 strong having their week at George Washington Uni
verstv's gymnasium
The Washington times., 1936-12-29
Man Mountain Grid
Team Represents
Louisiana State
By HARRY COSTELLO

LOUISIANA State Universtys football team called By grid
experts of the South he without weakness prob
ably the greatest football combinations developed
Evening star., 1936-01-21

+. INVALID.
CEEMINGLY unrelated things can
- be fitted together perfectly some
times, given a slight flip of the imagi-
nation.
The eye Of artist Newman Sudduth
lifted recently to an extremely tat
tered remnant Of Old Glory twisting
above the old Post ONCE Building,
housing numerous important cogs Of
the A. A. A. machine.
"Ah, yes," he observed, "too uncon-
stitutional for even new flag"
ROUNDABOUT.
HOBART MONTEE. well-known
newspaper correspondent here
and abroad for score of years, got
radiogram at his home the other eve
ming.
His position and residence have
been in Washington for several years
and he has had the same address all
that time.
But the radiogram had some trouble
getting to him.
1t was sent from Manila and took
just 10 days to reach him.
The cost Of sending that message
was just $3.50. On the envelope, when
it finally arrived (and, believe it or
not, it was in the wrong mail box
them. were forwarding notations from
10 different locations, all in WASH
Evening star., 1936-01-21
sHowER AFTER SHOWER.

TT HAPPENED Sunday afternoon.
Harry Dawson Of Rockville.
Md, had stopped by the home
! of friends to pick up his fiancse.
Miss Helen Hendricks, recipient Of q
miscellaneous shower anent the COM
ing wedding on February IS.
They drove down Connecticut ave-
nuc, their rumble seat bulging with
gifts. Who can say-undoubtedly
the mind of the prospective groom
was ruminating on those same gifts.
Why is it they have, showers for
women and never a shower for men?
i A 1lutter of green in the snow-ht
dusk and Harry Dawson stirred from
his reflections. He applied the brakes
and his car skidded to q stop. Out
ne leaped and after the flutter Of
green, banded about by the wind.
There was a chase of half block
and then the catch-a slightly
crumpled dollar bill. cold to the
touch. but genuine money Of the
realm"
Though men do not vouchsafe q
shower for prospective grooms. there
is justice in Nature. .
X
CRITIC.
Guests at an informal Marine
Corps tea, 10-ycar-old son sub
jected his widower father to much
embarrassment recently.
Apparently hurt because his ia
ther had been neglecting him for
young lady, the youth scouting
OF face, said in an all-too-loud
Uoice:
Daddy, UiSh that girl Dould
90 home" And against his teach
ings he pointed. Guests tried to
coper their Gstonishn1ent, but the
youth continued:
"She's too old for me, and too
young for you."
Evening star., 1936-01-21

N01u Ideu-ChesterfeldS are
mild mot strong, not harsh).
That's true isn't it?
Then you read ''and yet they
satisfy, please your taste, give you
what you want in a cigarette"
That says it, doesn't it?
Wait q minute
1t says now that Chesterhelds
have plenty of aroma and flavor.
One of you 60 out of the room
and come back. That will tell
you how pleasing the aroma is.