davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Imperial Valley press., 1936-06-14

in the way Of such development
could be overcome. but he did not
reckon with the doubts and fears Of
those from whom he was to ask up
port, both financial and political.
From the date Of his return from
his first exploration trip until MS
death at the age Of IS. DR.. W0zen-
craft sacrificed his entire time, Ior-
tune and career in a futile effort
10 bring to q successful elimination
the development Of the section now
known as Imperial Valley. To him
rightfully belongs the chimerical
title, Father Of Imperial Valley.
lockwood Enters Scene
Several years before the death Of
DR.. Wozencraft. c. r. lockwood. an
engineer Of wide repUte, became ac-
quainted with the possibilities Of the
project being promoted by Dr.. W3z
encraft He severed his connection
with the railroad company for
which he was working as a con-
struction engineer and undertook
the difficult task of furthering tie
work Of development, so long car
rled on by Dr.. Wozencraft.
lockwood S experience from 1892
until he finally interested George
Chaffey, an eastern capitalist, in the
project in 1900, is q saga Of heart
Withering disappointments, toll and
thWarted efforts.
With the belated financial assist
ance given by Chafey. however, the
project finally got under way, and
the development of Imperial Valley,
by what later became known as the
California Development company, is
a matter of familiar history To all
old ff.,.ap. .F tlat. co.ffn..
Imperial Valley press., 1936-06-14

from a construction cost stand
point it was soon discovered that
the Mexican authorities, influenced
by American owners Of Mexican
lands, were in position to exact GER
tain conditions that worked great
hardships on the American farmers
north of the boundary.
Mexico Gets Water
Owing to the terms of the con
tract entered into between the Am
erican farmers and the Mexican
government a certain percentage of
all water entering Mexico, through
the canals, was allOCated to Mex
ican lands Il was thus possible,
during periods Of low water in the
Colorado river, for the Mexican au-
thorities to exact their full demands
for their portion Of the water flow
ing through the canals, while the
American farmer north of the line
had TO be content with what was
left. As development progressed in
Mexico this condition became in
creasingly alarming.
In addition, the contract specified
that all protective work necessary
along the Mexican portion of the
Colorado river must be done at the
sole expense Of the American farm
er. Such dikes and levees as were
necessary to hold the turbulent riv-
er in check and prevent its over
flowing into Imperial Valley had
to be built by the American farmer.
The water rent paid by Mexican
lands for water used in Mexico was
negligible as compared to the ire.
mendous outlay necessary in order
TO keep the unruly river I'm its
nlaa IatanI nlAl EI...1.lt..- L...I.. Ill IN
Imperial Valley press., 1936-06-14

25, 1922, a bill was introduced in
congress by Representative Phil D.
Swing and Senator Hiram Johnson
of California, providing for the
building of an impounding dam
on the Colorado river at or near
Boulder canyon. What followed is
a matter of well known history.
No longer does the farmer on the
lower reaches of the tempestuous
Colorado fear the menace of un-
controlled flood waters, likewise he
rests assured of an adequate supply
of life giving moisture when the
seasons are unafvorable and when
Nature, unaided by man, would
visit upon him the rigors of season.
al water shortage and drought. The
vision of the pioneer, the skill of the
engineer and the determination of
a people who refused to concede de-
feat have placed the powerful and
erratic Colorado in bonds of con-
crete and steel.
The faith, courage and vision of
DR.. Wozencraft and his later asso-
ciates have been vindicated and to-
day we are reaping the fruits of
their long and determined fight
against the very forces Of nature,
and the equally disheartening
doubts, fears and skepticism of those
whom they sought to interest in the
gigantic task of changing those
forces of nature from destruction
and desolation to the peace and Sc
curity which Boulder Dam and the
All American canal guarantees to
the prosperous communities which
have risen as monuments to their
-...... -. ......... ..Lu..........
Imperial Valley press., 1936-06-14
U.S.. DOCUMENT
TELLS STORY
OF STRUGGLES

tCgunacd from Page >
in June 1912. is largely a recital Of
an ii advised attempt to perform
difficult sub-acueous work without
the use O. pneumatic methods. On
February 27, 1911 a decision wa5
reached to use compressed air. Fol
lowing the Inauguration of work
under pressure on June 10, 1911,
steady progress was made. All this
work was done by force account.
No explanation has been discovered
as to why this work was not con
tracted, and there seems no ques-
ton that the attempt to follow new
and untried methods added greatly
to the cost"
Imperial Valley press., 1936-06-14
Continued from Page j

Continued from Page j
Romance and adventure. suffer
ing, priyation and death, are all
closely woven into the succeeding
years in the history Of the Lower
Colorado and the Colorado Desert.
Space limitations however, compel
US to pass over this period and
brings US up TO the date when first
attention was given TO actual deYeI-
opment Of the great Salton basin
To Dr-Oliver NJ. Wozencraft must
20 the distinction Of having been
the first far-seeing American to
make a serious effort to develop the
possibilities of this great area. In
l849, this highly educated physician
was stationed at San Francisco. in
the employ Of the government as
Indian agent In Nay Of that year
he headed small party of adyea-
turers into what had become known
and dreaded as the Colorado Desert.
His primary object in making the
trip was TO familiarize himself with
the Indian tribes under his juris-
diction and TO learn at first hand
the problems with which the govern
ment was TO be faced in dealing
with the many far-flung tribes Of
the desert country.
With a small and inadequately
equipped pack train, they traYersed
every section of this dreary waste
Dr. Wozencraft, at that time, was
35 years Of age. and with a keen,
prophetic vision, he pictured the
future development Of a portion of
this barren desert.
Makes Sacrifice
His enthusiasm was backed by
firm belief that all natural obstacles
Imperial Valley press., 1936-06-14

no taker5 that he could swing the
bucket out, gobblc up that person
and swing him back without turn
ing a hair.
Another ch9o who's worth know
ing, cut where the sand flies on the
LeWis-ChamDeis Job, is C. A. Colin,
field supervisor. He's probably
had more direct experience in hard
to hand fighting with unruly rivers
than any man on the staff Hes
been with Lewis Chambers nearly
eight years. If you catch him in
an off moment, however, when
he's not studying excavation plans,
you'll find him cruising about the
job in a stripped down, sand flea"
automobile That's his favorite out.
door sport. And when it comes to
pushing his midget racer over the
sand dunes he makes Barney Old
field look like a piker.
Imperial Valley press., 1936-06-14

j UNA mas almost OVERNIGHT ll4ls-
ed from Q "sm- ll-town" city II
mc5,rn. booming mstrcpo.is.
Shops CT, wide open. business
men jovial hotels packed ana
hotel lobbios swarming with busy
yisitors-sure signs OF q vide a
wake city.
IF it We're not Tor YUma's steady
growth during thc past decade.
q caSu,l study might tree tas
present prosperity entirely 10 the
Al American construction WORK.
This p-cjCct. 5lOns. naturally Is
Lour.ng Thousands Of dollars into
Yuma. BuC glimpse into tha
rast shows a strong business fouu-
dat.0n.
Euma's business life Is based
s~c3r,ly On agriculture. Prior ID
80 mining was the chief indus
IT, O. Yuma cCdnty. Although
aCmc S85,Oc0,OOJ iii ore already
mas 51.a taken out, experts es-
..matS millions gtllI aNalt ila
intr- juCt!on Of more modem min
ing methods.
Rich Territory
YumG's trade territory includes
one OF the richest agricultural
areas il the nation. Or the delta
lands, p-cans, lettuce, canJalCdp-s.
al varieties Of winter vegetables,
Gates, 1IgS, hay, small grains are
successfully grown. Cattle fed
ing, dziIying, hCg-r-ising ana ac-
C-.ApanyIng industries thrive. The
m,sa, or table land, Is adapted
to citrus culture, producing craps
fruit without a rival
Yuma is 1879 miles from Phoenix,
CT an al-Eaveu highway. ana 18o
miles east Ci SIn Diego, an-p3Ved
highway. A graded hIgnWay con-
nsc.s Yuma with Quartz!te. "a
NIL norm, giving access II tie
n-arJ - tAc mining area.
Ihc Climate Is a distinctly de-
or. varsity, emily enough in winter
ID r-quuL stoves and planEe.s,
and H. in the summer. Inc
4ImneI TT, however, Is not IL
B--.aLIe. thousands live, WORK,
Tlay and thrive II It. Sunstroks
=. ,.IlAuoWn, due 10 Ine CACreme.y
l3W humidity. Oyer period OI
% y~~4s precipitation mas aver
agaU 1855 tlau - lncncs per year.
Yuma was tom" abCLJ I1o0,
When radl- Garccs founded the
l-gat mission on Inc banks OF
tle Co.Cl. 10 Tlv~r. Later, Yuma
r ccamc 2 stage crossing Tor tae
el3ges UPerttIng LstWeeA ST. Louis /
ana IAN Diego prlC. - Civil Wa
days. IN 1894 tae U. $. Quarter /.
masters depot was established, /.
being brought up the /.
river and distributed to govern T
ment fCrts in southern and central /
Arzon2 by mule team.
The Southern Pacific railway.
building from the W1St, reachsd /.
Yuma in 1878.
Yuma has the reputation, and
rightly, CT being the nations
sunshine Capital The sun does
not shine all the time, but it comes
nearer doing it than in any other
section C. the country Crops are
every month OF the
,ear. The sunshine brings mirac-
llouS cures TO many physical all
nents and Yuma is more and more
3eComing a mecca for those III
,sarcn Of health.
Imperial Valley press., 1936-06-14
4 Demon With q DraqIine
Veteran Engineer
Makes Them Talk

# for any wild reason you some
day might want a bit of earth
moved from one end Of your garden
to another, there's one man you
ought to see. He's Henry Rathcke,
crack dragline operator and Lewis
Chambers oldest employe in point
Of service.
You'll probably find him seated
comfortably in the control chair
of his big dragline. pushing levers
and pressing peddles
You'll find him pleasant, young,
affable, but a touch to the controls
that borders on genius. He grins
and says he doesn't believe he
could swing the bucket around and
pick up an engineers stake with
no more than a handful of sand
along with it. But if someone were
running away that Henry would
like to stop, betting is 10 to l and
Imperial Valley press., 1936-06-14

After water was turned into the
valley by the old CD company,
many unforeseen difficulties arose.
Canal construction had been start
ed in December 1900. Water enter
ed the valley, under control, for the
first time, on May 14th, 1901. Col
onization was being effected at a
rapid rate. The valley was fast
settling up with sturdy type of pic
neer. Each day saw new acreage
ploWed up and prepared for irriga-
ton and crops New canals were
being constructed, reaching further
and further into the heart of the
desert valley.
Then came the second summer
and a low water period in the Colo
rado river. Almost Immediately ey.
cry settler was faced with a water
shortage 1t was realized that there
was not enough water in the river
during the summer months TO sup
ply all the lands under ditch. As
each season passed this condition
became more acute.
To add to the burden of The Am
erican farmer in Imperial Valley,
lands were also being developed
across the international line in
Mexico. This condition was made
possible by the fact that the original
surveys had shown that cost of
canal construction wholly upon the
American side of the international
line would be prohibitive due to diff
ficulties encountered in the sand
hills.
To avoid this difficulty a route
through Mexico was adopted. This
route skirted the sand hills 10 the
-an1,II, n..A MIL 4. ...o-. .......I...,t
Imperial Valley press., 1936-06-14
BUCKETS LOSE
TEETH IN MUD
OF CANAL JOB

The huge buckets On the Lewis
Chambers draglines that eat cut
sand to prepare fer the An-Amer-
ican canal are "toothless" When
working in mud c. C. Campbell,
field manager explained, the buck
cts must be equipped with sharp
tusks that bite into the soil ana
dig up enough to fill the bucket.
The soft sand encountered on the
canal route, however. makes it un-
necessary to have anything extra
equipped. The sharp edge Of the
bucket is sufficient to scoop up
the soil.
Imperial Valley press., 1936-06-14
PUMPING LIFTS =
TO BE ABSENT

There won't be much pumping ~
the All American canal, at leS =
not for a while
The only pumping plants included
in plans for the propect at present.
reclamation bureau officials said,
are small units to lift water to
comparatively small acreage, most
ly in the vicinity Of Mt. Signal and
Dixieland, which is under irrigation
but too high for gravity irrigation
from the canal.
Imperial Valley press., 1936-06-14
Business Boosted
Over Bard Region
By Canal Project

Continued from Page y
was considered a part of this
project.
The irrigablc area of the dis
trict is under irrigation. No new
lands will be brought in 1t is
possible, however that more in
tensi+ied farming methods may
make the section more fruitful as
its development progresses.
Imperial Valley press., 1936-06-14
DAM TO SERVE
CANAL BESIDES
ALL-AMERICAN

The All American canal is not
the only canal which will carry
water from Imperial Dam. A large
canal will connect with the Ari-
zona end of the dam and will car
ry water to the new Yuma ella
project. This project contemplates
the eventual reclamation of more
than 100000 acres of desert and
valley land in Arizona. The first
portion of this canal is now under
contract.
Imperial Valley press., 1936-06-14
Variety of Sports
Await Visitors In
Yuma'S Territory

Sport lovers find a variety Of off
eringS in the Yuma district. The
Yuma Valley Polo club, organized
seven years ago owns 80 acres Of
valley land on which they have y
mile track. polo field, grandstand
and oorrals. II is the only club Of
its kind owning its own field in the
region.
The Yuma Valley golf course is
one OF the finest in this part of the
country A large municipal swim
ming pool and municipal tennis
courts offer other lures TO sports
lovers
Less than 100 miles separates
Yuma from the Gulf Of California.
enc of the finest virgin fishing ter
FiioFies ln lhe world.
Imperial Valley press., 1936-06-14
HEADQUARTERS
GOES ON SKIDS
Continued from Page II

1OOHIIIIUeU ITUIII PdgC II
Wooden skids, like runners for
sleds, are built below each building
and rest on the desert sand. When
ever it becomes necessary to move
headquarters to another spot closer
to where the draglines are in oper-
alton, tractors are hitched TO the
buildings, motors rear and the COM
munity is off for another town
site
Imperial Valley press., 1936-06-14
OF
SAND HILLS
PROGRESSING
Continued from Pasc y

Continued from Pare y
eonpactcd entertainments.
Il Il necessary in many places,
Gently pointed out, for the COM
rany TO move the dirt twice. The
biz dra2lineg, with a 30O-foot total
reach, DO not set the sand far
enough from the canal bank with
the first bite, and must be walked
over and set to the task of NOV
ing the material even farther.
Once the canal is completed, it
is probable foliage, and possibly
oil, will be placed on the banks,
making a further bulWark against
the drifting sand.
Imperial Valley press., 1936-06-14
Busy Prosperity
Marks Trading in
Sunshine Capital
Yuma is booming.

1t may be the All American canal system now under
construction largely in the Yuma trade territory; may
be natural growth; It may be a part of the healthier
business conditions apparent all the nation may
be combination Of all these factors But the fact is
St. Croix tribune. [volume] (Christiansted, St. Croix, V.I.) 1922-1937, 1936-07-15
Teeth regain dazzling whiteness

EILM is the cause of dull, dis
Il colored teeth. 1t is also the
cause of serious tooth and gum
disorders. Run your tongue across
your teeth and you will feel this
film. 1t absorbs stains from food
and smoking and turns white teeth
dull. 1t clings to teeth and hardens
into tartar. Germs by the millions
breed in it. And germs, with tar
tar, are the chief cause of pyorrhea.
Ordinary brushing fails to remove
film successfully. So dentists urge
the special film-removing dentifrice
called Pepsodent.
St. Croix tribune. [volume] (Christiansted, St. Croix, V.I.) 1922-1937, 1936-07-15

First, Pepsodent-curdles film,
then removes it in gentle safety to
enamel. No other way will make
teeth as sparkling white.
Pepsodent contains no pumice,
harmful grit or crude abrasive. 1t
is so safe that dentists recommend
it for cleaning the soft teeth of
children.
accept Pepsodent Test
To prove results, send coupon for
Today free test or buy a tube-for
sale everywhere. Do this now for
your own sake.
St. Croix tribune. [volume] (Christiansted, St. Croix, V.I.) 1922-1937, 1936-07-15
The New 81. CrOix Savings Bank
Established 1881
1-B KING STREET
CHRISTIANSTED, VIRGIN ISLANDS
Notice To Depositors
Notice To Depositors

Due to worldwide conditions when
have uecessitated the reduction of bank
interest rates the Board of Trustees finds
it advisable, after careful study, to reduce
the rate of interest payable on savings
deposits, from $40 per annum to 2726
per annum, under Article 5, paragraph
Of the Constitution, effective October l,
1886.
The Board feels that all depositors will
understand its action which aims at safe
guarding their interests during situation
which is being experienced the world over,
and the assurance is given that if and when
conditions permit the Board will be glad to
authorize such higher interest rate as may
be warranted.
June II, 1886.
The Board of Trustees
TheSNew St. Croix Savings
B. R. LARSEN
President
La gaceta., 1936-09-08
LA CRUZ DE FUBGO DICE
QUE NO DEFIENDB A
LOS D~ERECHISTAS

Paris, sep. 8.-Uno de los di-
rectores de la Cruz de Fuego en-
reg6 aver una declaration des-
mintiendo la noticia dada por
Ia estaci6n de Radio de Sevilla
dominada por les rebeldeS, de
lue su organization piersa in
.ervenir en- favor de los dere-
chistas.
No es cierSo que M. Hsriot, re
presentante de la Cruz de Fue-
20, haya lido a Sevilla a nagOciar
con ell general Francisco Fran
co.
FL despacho de Sevilla fu6
impreso en- oil "Populaire", el
periodico del primer minstrel
Leon Blum.
La gaceta., 1936-09-08
Los soldados de la RepGblica
vencieron en- Talavera de la Rena
a los moros, f~ascistas y traidores
Unificado ell mando bajo la suprema direction
del coronel Jose Asensio
.Ordena ell nuevo Ministerio de Estado una escru-
pulosa investigation del incidente del Kane

de Huesca y Arag6n los rebel
des ofrecian menor resistencia,
dicese cue por falta de municio-
mes y alimentos. Las tropas lea
les han ocupado nuevas posicio-
mes en- Andalucia, 10 que hace
impossible la domination rebelde
sobre Granada Y Cordoba.
Ora torre del Alcazar de To
ledo cay6 derribada por ell fuego
de los canones de la Rep1blica
llevando la muerte a los rebel
des que manejaban varias anne
tralladoras.
Hablando sobre la captura
del sector de Talavera de la
Reina, Ell comandante Carlos
Contreras, jefe de la columna
victoriosa, dijo que era ell ner-
vic central de las comunicacio-
mes entire Madrid y Toledo.
"Nuestra victoria elimina sl pc
ligro de una Marcia sobre Ma
drid. Podemos ahora barrier a
cualquiera fuerza rebelde que a.
vance por Ell vale del Tajo'.
Aeroplanos del enemigo We
Man aver hacia Madrid y las 81
renas sonaron, pero ell ataque
no Sc lego a efectuar.
Julio Alvarez del Vayo, socia.
lista, nuevo ministro de estado
demand6 aver una completa ex-
plicaci6n del incidente del des-
tructor americana Kane, cor
ell fin de probar a las naciones
civilizadas que ell ataque 10 veri-
fico IN aeroplano de los faccio-
SOS, de fabrication extranjera.
Por medic del nuevo tribunal
especial Sc ha ordenado a los pa
tronos NAL intencionados Ell pa
20 de $4,000 900 a sus trabaja-
dores por ell tempo que perdie-
La gaceta., 1936-09-08

Madrid, sep. 8.-Contra un
enemigo criminal que lleva a los
moros en- la vanguardia y anne
naza con lamar gases veneno-
SOS, en- su desesperacion, las tro
pas de la .Rep1blica avanzaron
aver luego de lograr importan-
ties victorias.
En- ell sector de Talavera de la
Reina, al sur de Madrid, ell man
do undo, con ell coronel Jose A
sensio de jefe supreme, comuni-
ca haber avanzado cuatro millas
en- direction de Extremadura,
region q. comprende las provin|
ella sde Badajoz y CaceSes. Cen
tenares de fascistas perdieron
la vida en- Talavera de la Reina,
mientras Ell gobierno traidor de
Burgos decia por la radio, con a.
nimo de guitar importancia a la
victoria; que sus tropas habiar
rechazado I'm ataque de las mi
licias leales, causandoles $50
muer.Os.
Animadas con la nUeva direc
zion militar, centralizada ell las
manos del coronel Asensio Y su
estado mayor, bajo la supervi-
sion de don Francisco Largo Ca
ballero y sus ministries, las mill
cias populars bombardearon los
sectores de los insurgentes en- ell
Norte y particularmente en- O.
viedo, donde los mineros astu-
rianos %confian en- desalojar muy
pronto a los rebeldes del coro-
mel Amanda.
I'm dltimo plazo Sc ha dado va
a los facciosos sitiados en- ell Al
cazar de Toledo.
La artillerfa republican, desa
to aver TN effective fuego sObre
Oviedo, mientras en- los sectores
La gaceta., 1936-09-08

ron durante la revolution de &C
tubre de 1884.
Ell comandante Contreras in
forma en- un nuevo deSpach0
que sus soldados, peleando como
diablos de carne y hueso, hicie-
ron retroceder al ensmigo en-
una distancia de Is millas.
Sc informa debidamente la no
ticia de que un jovencito de IS
amos, Francisco Villodres Gar
ia, que aniquil6 a una columna
ebelde dinami.ando un puente
yobre ell cual pasaba, Sc encueli-
,ra herido de muerte. 81 puentc
destruido Sc hallabR situado en-
las cercanias de Montefrio.
Acord6 anoche ell Colegio de
Abogados de Madrid reiterar su
!ealtad al presente regimen y
su oposici6n implacable e ire
1uetible al fascismo.
Informan de San Sebastian
que ell gobierno ha offeOido en-
regar la ciudad 81 Sc promote
amnistia a los defensores. Ell
case de que ell ofrecimiento 81
iechace, la ciudad sera quema
da hasta los cimientos y fusila
dos los 625 prisioner0s facciose
que hay en- las carceaes.
La gaceta., 1936-09-08

No incluye ell nueyo gobiernJ
representatives. de Ia Confsdera.
elem General del Trabajo nj de
la Federation Anarquista, las
Rs alas extremistas de la iz-
quisrda.
La gaceta., 1936-09-08
MENAZ A UN EXILADO


San Jose, Costa RicA, sep. 8.
lei gobierno de Costa RIGA ha
hecho saber g Humberto Bara-
hona, jefe del partido Revolucio
mario de Nicaragua, que debe ce
sar en- su propaganda contra ell
general Anastasio Somoza de 10
contrario sera expulsado.
Somoza es ell DICTATOR de Nj
caragua, a quien Sc oponen los
partidos Liberal y Conservador.
La gaceta., 1936-09-08
UN VAS
co Els Ell MIN1STRO DE
OBRAS PUBLICAS

Madrid, sep. 8.-Desempeha
la cartera de obras pGblicas en-
ell nuevo gabinete de don Fran,
cisco Largo Caballero, Ol naciC-
nalista yasco don Jose Antonio