davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1936-03-15
BILLION IS SPENT
BY ITALY ON WAR
Few of Population Appear
Worried by Mounting
Cost of Conquest.
BY the Associated Press.


ROME, March 14.-With five
months Of the Italian Ethiopian con-
f1ict over, war expenses are mount
ing into the billions, but few people
In Italy seem worried about it.
Complete figures on 1taly's finances
no longer are published, leading to
the spread of rumors.
The only figures available on war ex-
penses are those published in the OFF,
cial gazette under the heading of ap.
propriations. These show that since
the beginning of the fiscal year g.
100000 lire (about 1886, ,000, ,000)
have been granted for the war.
Since the appropriations are usually
In the neighborhood of 100000, 900
lire or $50, ,0o0, 900, and are not ordered
until the previous one has been nearly
spent. it may be assumed that vir-
tually all this money has been ex-
pended.
May Exceed 10000, ,0O0, 900 Lire.
Up to June 80 the war preparation
expenditures were equivalent to $78,-
100000. Consequently the whole
amount thus far appropriated and
spent. according to official figures,
is $614,00O,000.
A year ago, when the war was in
preparation, good authority said
Italy was prepared to spend 10 bill
lion lire, or $500, 100000 on the war.
BY the time the main body Of the
troops is back in Italy the total ex-
penditure will be far above that fig
ure. How is Italy to pay her bills?
1t is estimated that 6,00o. 100000 lire
flowed into the government Golfers
through the consolidated bond con-
version. 1t is possible for the gov
ernment to get still 3,0O0.0O0,00O more
under this heading.
Floated Huge Loan.
Before the war started the treas
ury fioated a 1,000,000,000 lire loan
on short-term bonds.
The governments estimated income
for 1867 shows an increase of
several billion lire over that Of
1856.
Bankers believe another large loan
will shortly be floated with the bonds
issued at a large discount.
Italian newspapers admit the prob
ability Of higher taxes.
Many questions have been asked
about the possibility of imitation in
Italy. There has been an increase
In circulation, but not nearly as much
as it had been thought there would be.
When the government stopped an
nouncing figures, the circulation was
IS billions or $l,20o, 100000. Now it
is believed to be not more than IS
billions, which figures out to ST.
10000, 900.
Evening star., 1936-03-15
This Changing World
Italy Lending Small Support to Tug-ofWar in
London as France, Belgium and Russia
Fail to Move Germany.
BY CONSTANTINE BROWN,

knowr and change into cirn Udrs.
Soldiers, tired Of being useleSSly
massacred, Civilians looking hope
leSsly at their homes being de-
Stroyed by dirpldnes, tDI euentu-
ally turn against their governments.
And ,ohen that happens there ,oiH
be councils OF soldiers. iDorkmen
and peasants installed IN the goU-
ernment buildings in Paris. Berlin,
Rome, Vienna, and so forth.
Moscow may be severely bombed,
hundreds Of thousands of Soviet citi-
zens may lose their lives. But what is
q human life to the Soviet? 1t is
sometimes less important than that Of
a COW. Even if a couple of million
men have to perish for communism to
be established throughout Europe, the
price is still cheap. And this is the
reason why Russia, not Signatory of
the Locarno pact and until two years
ago strong denouncer of the inequi-
ties of the Versailles treaty, offers to-
day to France the support of her i'm
pressive military machinery to go to
war.
X
The Russian game might be success
full People in France are over
excited these days. The war frenzy
is great.
Not that the Average man in
France Worries about the restord-
ton OF compulsory military serDice
in Germany. Quite the contrary.
The man in the street in the
French provinces thinks this is a
huge joke on the Germans, tDho
hare noD to Udste one or tlDo
years in the army.
But what really stirred up the
French population was the junking Of
the Locarno pact.
y X n X
To the average Frenchman this pact
means only one thing. That his home
is guaranteed against an aggression
from Germany. That his home will
not be bombarded by the German air
planes. 1t is the only diplomatic in
strunent which has taken a concrete
form in the minds of the average
Frenchman.
Evening star., 1936-03-15

Back in 1925 when the trans Atlantic
liner, lie de France was launched, the
French government intended to name
her the Verdun. This name sound
ed too warlike and that idea had to
be abandoned. The French newspapers
began a campaign asking the people
of France to find an adequate name
for the new French liner. Thousands
of letters poured in from every corner
Of France suggesting the name Of Lo-
carno 70 rthe new ship. People over
looked the fact that Locarno was a
city in Italy. To them Locarno had
become French.
Evening star., 1936-03-15
DETROIT SHORTAGE
MYSTERY GROWS
Bank Balance Asked by
Man Unknown to City
Officials.
BY the Associated Press.

DETROIT, March 14.-Investiga-
ton of the disappearance of S349,-
900 of a city pension fund, disclosed
shortly before Harry M. Tyler, assist
ant budget director, killed himself last
Thursday night, developed new mys-
terry today, when it was learned that
balance statements had been called
for by a man whose name does not
apepar on the city rolls.
The mystery mans name was given
by Ben z. Young, assistant president
of the National Bank of Detroit, as
William Cromie," who, he said,
called for the balance statement on
October /, 1885. "Cromie." Young
said, left the impression he was an
employe of William j. Curran, city
controller. Curran said there was
no employe In his department named
"Cromie."
Box to Be Opened Monday.
City authorities, convinced that the
lavish-living Tyler could not alone
have carried on the extraction of
funds from one of the city's bank ac-
OO0A4Ics POoIPOAACA A1tA1 4hO4AhdJ VIC
opening of his safe deposit drawer.
They learned today, however, that
Tyler had made two visits to the box
last Wednesday.
Other developments today included
a statement by Controller Curran that
he believed his signature on the card
authorizing Withdrawals from the fund
was a forgery, the discovery that the
card carried only Curran's name,
while it should have had those Of at
least five other city officials, and an
assertion by Mayer Frank Couzens
that there we're indications that IAN
error in Judgment, or the misuse of
authority or lack Of knowledge on the
part of the vice president, Mr.. O'Shea"
(James j. O'Shea. assistant vice pres
ident of the National Bank of De-
troit) were responsible for the short
age. O'Shea approved payment on
some Of the checks presented by
Tyler.
Statements Were Different.
Another development today was the
disclosure that although the banks
balance statements as given to Tyler
or "Cromie" were made out on regu-
lar bank bookkeeping machines, those
made to the city treasurer by Tyler
were written on typewriter.
Evening star., 1936-03-15
ALARMED BRITISH
TOMOVE ARSENAL
.WooIWich, Target in World
War, Seen as Air Raid
Invitation.
nv the Associated Press.

ny the Associated Press.
LONDON, March l4.-New empha-
kis on the vulnersbility Of London TO
air attack is found in reports that
the government is seriously consld-
ering moving sections of Woolwich
Arsenal to more remote places in the
British Isles.
This famous arsenal, one Of the
targets Of German raids in the World
War, is now regarded, because OF its
location in London, as both a mill
tary temptation and possible threat
to civilian safety.
Talk Of its removal has given the
nlarmists new occasion to paint
picture Of gas, incendiary and ex-
plosive bombs raining down upon
city Of fear; a city which already
knows much from experience of the
terror Of air raids.
Argument for Defense.
1t has provided proponents of a
more adequate air defense with new
arguments in their claims that Lon
don, with its 100000 inhabitants
and easily accessible from the con-
tinent, is not protected against the
bombing plane.
Winston Churchill likened London
TO a great fat COW, which would soon
be at the mercy of the nearest forag-
ang dictator"
Public concern is likewise being
famed by the discussion now being
carried on in the press and in Par
lament as to the ability of the British
navy to defend itself against air at
tack. There is the official report that
the British feet in the Mediterranean
was withdrawn from Malta because
Of the threat" Of air attack, since
Malta is uncomfortably close to Italy.
Expansion of Force.
To counteract this attitude there Is
che expansion, both real and indi-
Gated, of Britain's own air force; the
development of air defense; the hint
ed discovery of anti-aircraft weapons
which would keep air invaders at
bay, despite the fact that London is
but a matter of minutes from the
continent by air.
Those who want the Woolwich Ar
eenal moved claim is has so far been
the fatally weak spot" in every de-
1ense plan yet devised for London.
No way has been found, it is stated, of
protecting the arsenal and rendering
It immune from attack from the skies.
1t also is reported that the govern
ment plans to build a chain of new
munitions factories, scattered rather
than concentrated, as part of the
rearmament program with which Brit
ain will meet the prevailing military
unrest of Europe.
Evening star., 1936-03-15
2,45ORUSH T0F|LE
RETURNS0N TAXES
Procrastinators Gain Extra
Day Because 18th Falls
on Sunday.

A near-record total Of 2,450 persons
made their way through Room 1902 OF
the Internal Revenue Bureau Build
ing yesterday, leaving with Uncle Sans
agents an accounting Of their incomes
for 1885. The number Of returns filed
exceeded that submitted in any single
day this year and stands well up with
heavy sessions of previous years.
Partial explanation was believed to
lie in the fact that many persons evi-
IDENTIFY believed yesterday to be the last
day for filing. but because March Is
falls on Sunday this year the dead
line has been extended to midnight
tomorrow.
About IS experts assigned to aid
persons in filling out their returns will
be at Room 1902 tomorrow from 8 am.
to midnight.
In addition experts will be stationed
at the 10 banks in the downtown Sec
ton, to which they were assigned on
March 5. They will be on duty during
banking hours only.
Government experts also are on duty
at the National Press Club, for the
convenience Of club members.
Among the troublesome questions
confronting income taxpayers this year,
one stood out beyond all others, ex-
perts said. That is the so-called
earned income credit" which went
into effect last year.
A great benefit to the small tax
payer, earned income credit, is
described on the tax blank as follows:
I'm computing the normal tax, but
not the surtax, there may be claimed
a credit against net income of 10 per
cent of the amount of the earned net
income, but not in excess of 10 per
cent of the amount Of the entire net
income. If the net income is not
more than $4,000, the entire net in
come shall be considered to be
earned net income, and if the net in
come is more than $4,000, the earned
net income shall not be considered to
be less than $1,000"
One of the most common errors tax
payers make is in trying to deduct the
cigarette and liquor tax. These can
not be deducted from the gross in
come in computing income taxes, be-
cause they are taxes on the manu-
facturer. Neither can the tax on cos
metics be deducted, nor the tax paid
by the buyer on a new automobile
A State gasoline tax, which is 2
cents gallon in the District, cents
in Virginia, cents in part of Mary
land and 4 cents in other parts OF
Maryland, can be deducted. The Fed
eral gas tax of / cent a gallon can
not be deducted.
Evening star., 1936-03-15
X 4 X 4

It may be that this play will sue
ceed and once more the British gov
ernment will prevent the outbreak Of
another World War But on the other
hand it is possible that the rough
Russians might jerk the line all of
sudden and throw all the players
into a melee, in which case the roar
of the guns will replace the soft
spoken words of diplomats. Every
body hopes for the best and fears
for the worst.
The Soviet government is the only
one which is not afraid of war. Rus
sia cannot be defeated. It is so
immense that even if she were to
lose some territory it would be just
like an elephant being bitten by a
flea.
The military history Of Russia
shows long string OF defeats. 1t
is hard to recall tDhen the colossus
of the East has actually 1Don 1Odr.
Her armies haze been defeated by
the Turks, by the French, by the
japanese, By the Germans, and
eUen by the Pensions. Yet the iUdrs
she has lost hare made no impress
sion on the imnlensity of Russian
Armies Which Uentured to 90 into
the heart of the country and found
their tomb there.
Thus the SovietS have little to lose
and much to gain from another world
catastrophe.
People here, and especially in
Europe, are inclined to forget that
the principal aim of the Soviets is
the communication" of the world.
Stain, Litvinoff and other leaders of
Russia who are now playing the first
fiddle in the European concert, de-
spite their smooth manner and
honeyed words, are still the pro-
ponents of Lenin's aim Of world
revolution.
Communism cannot thrive in times
of peace or relative comfort. Thus,
the Soviet government has abandoned
these last two years its real active
efforts to propagate the Bolshevist
theory among the workers OF the
world, waiting for its opportunity to
do some real work in another field.
4 X \ X
It's ideals have been carefully camou-
flaged by giving the world the i'm
preston that the leopard has changed
its spots, and that the Soviet govern
ment is just like any other government
and has given up the idea Of stirring
up trouble in other countries. AS far
flas the latter part is concerned this
is true
But the Soviet rulers kno,p tuu
tOeu that another Ddr in Europe,
regardless OF Dho obtains an initial
Utctory, lDiH end after felp months
OF hardship as the aDorld has neper
Evening star., 1936-03-15

tear gas. Is wanted in Vermont for
the hold-up Of the Caledonia National
Bank Of Danville in June, 1884. Be-
tween $4,000 and $4,000 was stolen.
Authorities at Grand Haven, Mic!s>,
also seek his extradition from New
York to try him on charges Of par
ticipating in the S25, 900 robbery Of
the Peoples Savings Bank there in
1888.
Prosecutor Waterman said he would
insist that Bentz be surrendered to
Vermont officials for immediate trial
at Burlington. He said the State
had definite case Of actual par.
ticipstion" against him.
Evening star., 1936-03-15

(Continued From First Page)
tained, nearly 5000 will have to be
dropped from the list.
A horizontal cut would be the most
expensive, since the number Of case
workers could not be reduced. ac-
cording to Elwood Street. welfare
director, but if the least needy cases
we're arbitrarily cut of, the case
work staff could be reduced. Pros
poets are a combination Of the two
plans will be adopted.
Notices sent to relief clients with
Che last March payments yesterday
stated:
This action was taken because no
congressional action yet has been
taken on the recommendation Of the
Board of Public Welfare and the
Commissioners that an emergency ap-
preparation of $608,000 be made to
carry relief on the present basis until
the end Of the fiscal year on June 80.
No New Applications.
"Also, by order Of the Board of
Public Welfare, no relief will be given
after today, and until further funds
are available from appropriations, to
new applicants for relief, whether
they have ever been on the relief rolls
before or not.
This action is necessary, according
10 Judge M. M. Doyle, acting chair
man of the Board of Public Welfare,
because relief funds will be practically
exhausted on April /, and if no
further appropriation is made the
balance will be barely sufficient to
carry the necessary accounting and
similar services, Office rent and so
forth, which will be necessary to keep
the Public Assistance Division operat-
ing on an emergency basis until the
new relief appropriations become
available on July l.
For the next two weeks, that is,
through March 81, when all relief
will have to stop, unless an emergency
appropriation is made by Congress,
emergency relief will only be given
to cases which were actively in the
care Of the public assistance division
on March Ia"
Frankly" Judge Doyle said, 1--WE
don't know what in the world we are
going to do. The Community Chest
funds already have been allocated and
the 10000 persons now on relief can
receive no help from that source. We
are all very much concerned, for
unless Congress takes some action,
many Of these people will be without
the necessities of life for the balance
Of the fiscal year"
Commissioner Allen has indicated
he will favor a horizontal cut in relief
payments at tomorrow's meeting
Ending Of rental payments for relief
clients would be the last expedient
adopted in the crisis, Street said.
Evening star., 1936-03-15
WILL HONOR BRYAN

The annual dinner in memory Of
William Jennings Bryan will be held
at 2 o'clock Thursday night in the
La Fayette Hotel. Ex-Gov. John G..
Pollard of Virginia, Edward Keating
and Representative H. c. Luckey OF
the late Secretary Of States home con-
gressional district, will speak.
Secretary of State Cordell Hull IS
honorary chairman of the Dinner
Committee. The members are Urey
Woodson, Dan Bride, w. D. Jameson,
Wayne c. Williams. Margaret Rauber,
H. B. Fleharty and Frank Morrison.
Evening star., 1936-03-15
TASKS WAR RESTRICTION

TOPEKA, Kans., March II R.-
Allen Whitfield, national president Of
the Junior Chamber of Commerce, de-
elared here today young men are ready
TO fight in defense Of their country,
but the thought of dying unneces-
sarily does not appeal to u.s.
Addressing regional conference of
the chamber, Whitfield urged enact
ment Of legislation to conscript cap
ttal as well as man power in case Of
War
Evening star., 1936-03-15
CONDITION UNCHANGED
FOR MRS. Vanderbilt
Crisis Continues as Society Leader
Fights Pneumonia-Son
Speeds Home.
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, March 1.-THE con.
dition Of Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt,
who Is seriously Ill Of pneumonia, re-
manned unchanged" tonight, her Sec
retary said.
Physicians attended the wife Of
Brig. Gen. Cornelius Vanderbilt at
her Fifth avenue home, stronghold Of
New York's most exclusive society.
Her husband hurried north yester-
day from Florida, to be at his wife's
bedside. Their son, Cornelius VAN
derbilt, jr, was expected here late to-
night from the South.
Evening star., 1936-03-15
Climate Hinders Settlement.

Tropical West Africa, the nearest to
Western Europe and that with which
the maritime powers came first into
direct trading Relationship, is without
prospects for permanent white settle
ment If only because of climatic un-
suitability.
Evening star., 1936-03-15
VERMONT TO INSIST
ON RETURN OF BENTz
Will Not Waive Claim to Mich.
gan for Prosecution Of
Captive.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
ST. JOHNSBURY, VT, March IA
States Attorney Sterry r. Waterman
said tonight Vermont would not waive
its claim on Edward w. Bentz, sought
here for bank robbery, even If Michi-
gan authorities believed they could
send him to prison for life.
Bentz, captured in Brooklyn apart
ment house yesterday after Federal
agents bombed" his quarters with
Evening star., 1936-03-15
BY CONSTANTINE BROWN.
tug-of-war is still being
played in London,

played IN bOndon.
France, Russia and Belgium
Il are pulling as hard as they
can, but Germany has not been
budged an inch. Italy pretends to
pull on Frances side, but so weakly
that it does not matter whether she
pulls or not. Great Britain is hold
ing the middle of the rope and pulls
some days for France and other days
for Germany. 1t all depends on who
appears to have the greater advantage
at a given moment. Her position,
holding with strong hands the center
of the rope. enables her for the time
being to keep a status quo.
Evening star., 1936-03-15
HEAVY BOMBS DROPPED
Army Planes Fly High With
2,OO0-Pound Missiles.

MUROC DRY LAKE. Calf, March
IA [P.-Army bombardment planes,
flying so high oxygen tanks were
used by pilots and gunners, dropped
2,000-pound concrete bombs on bat
tleship targets here today.
Three bombers from the 18th Squad
ron of Hamilton Field carried out the
war exercise. The bombs are the
heaviest missiles accepted for Army
service.
Though not explosive, they made
craters feet deep and many feet
wide.
Evening star., 1936-03-15

Australia Spurs India Trade.
Australia has sent a delegation to
India to promote trade there.
Evening star., 1936-03-15

Living Costs Decline.
Living costs in Lithuania are 55 per
cent less than in 1929.
Evening star., 1936-03-15

1905 Schools Planned.
Soviet Russia plans to erect 1906
schools.
Evening star., 1936-03-15
Relief

IContinued From First Page.)
Evening star., 1936-10-01

-72xs4-inch comforts covered with
rayon faille in plain or reversible
two-tone colors-filled with pure
virgin wool.
Kann'tStreet Floor.
Evening star., 1936-09-24
.DR. MARV|NG GREETS
G. v. i. FRESHMEN
Tells Them They Are Part.
ners in "Great Democratic
Institution"

Welcoming freshmen TO George
Washington University at the OPEN
ing of the schools 1l6th academic
year yesterday, DR.. Cloyd Heck Mar
win, president, told the new students
they were partners in "a great demo-
cratic institution serving the youth
of the Nation"
Pointing out that each year stand
ards are being raised and that the
student body Is becoming more selec-
tive. he congratulated the new stu
dents In winning membership at G.
w. U.
The only reason for your being
IN college" he said, "is that you may
learn to work harder and to greater
social purpose than you could by
spending the next four years else
where"
The university, he said, seeks to
develop through academic work a
moral fiber that will place you in q
position to meet foursquare the prob
lens that will confront you when
you 60 out into the world"
Two assemblies were held for fresh
men on the opening day. the first at
noon and the other at pm. Ad
dresses also were made by Harry c.
Davis of the Board Of Trustees; Dean
William C. Johnstone, Junior College
Mrs. Winnie G. Barrows, director OF