davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-08-05
4nsLUevs To
 Test Q0esfions

Below are the answers M test questions printed On page z.
 l.. 4 musical instrument, sOmew hat resembling . guitar, much used by the Greeks and Romans.
 2. Let the buyer beware" 2. Rev. Richard Harris Bar ham, under the pSeudOnym of Thomas InEOldsby.
 {. Arizona.
 b. Tanana.
 q. Henry Clay.
 !. The hawk family.
 <. Bertha M. Clay. Q. 4 Roman noble celebrated aS the leader of a conspiracy against the republic. 10. Pacific.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-08-05

Editor, Tall Tower Topics: have occasion to drive down the Chase Park Boulevard every day In the week and have been tempted many times to write you about the state of the danger signs the bad this roadway. Of course I've a few comments In your Tower about them, too. Recently the sign marked danger" the lower part of the fixed up and placed alongside the road But the real sign O give strange motorists hint of danger is the broken one Avenue lntcrsecs. That's the one that should be in place. L.B.P.
 Good Night
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-08-05
BARBECUE STAGED
 FOR GIRL SCOUTS
Senior Campers at Smiths Pond Host to Visit.
 ing Delegation

4 group of girls from Camp WoquapauBet were guests of tho senior campers at tho Y. M. c, 4, camp at Smiths pond last evening at an informal reception and dance held in the camp recreation hall, 4 barbecue supper was also held as part of the evening program for the guests.
 ThoBc who visited were: Penelope Anton, Gladys Borne, Dorothy Hubbel, Verna Vcrpillot, Ruth Reut- ter, Helen Mitchell, Jean Mitchell, Katherine Kirby. Marguerite Wei dorn, Bertha Webb. Bernice gul- llvan, Helen Campbell, Jaqueline YaVccchia, Dorothea Gross, and Jane Mackic.
 The campers who acted ag hosts to the visitors were: John uowcll, Richard Miller, Ralph Berger, Don- aid Mcssicr, Daniel Canning, Robert Hyde, Raymond Cummings, Robert Van Valkcnburg, William Baldwin, Dano Mayo, Charles Keelcr, Jack BriBto, John Marinor, Ralph Lar. row, David Roach, William Dcners, Frank Bray, Lawrence Robbins, Robert Waters, Frederick Gibbs, and Harold Waters.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-08-05
Ny WILLIS THORNTON NEA Service Stan Correspondent

NBA Service btam CORfesp0nuens
 Like rising sun, Spain famed across the skies of the world from that year i402 in which the Moors were driven from their country, and Columbus opened . new world to exploitation.
 Soon enough, gold began to come back from the Spanish Main and was piled on the wharves Of Cadiz and Palos. Many castle In Spain rose on this golden foundati ton as the conquistadores pushed their way into the Amer lcas, Cortes to Bubdue Mexico, PizarrO conquering Peru, Coro- nado threading his way half way across North America in quest for treasure.
 They left in their wake murder and blood and fire, but they also brought wheat, and the horse, and their religion to the Americas.
 There was a boom in Spain. Prices rose, everything had to ex- pand. Europe looked aSkance at the rise of great first military power, much as it was to look later on Napoieon's legions and the German army of Kaiser Wil' helm IT.
 PERSECUTION ECHOES TODAY
 But while Ferdinand and Iga. bella were planting the seeds of these things, they were planting other seeds, too, whose crop is still being harvested in Spain in the strings of burning churches and mOnasteries which BnOulder in the wake of todAy's mObS when- ever there b disorder in Spanish cities.
 They were the seeds Of re. lIgIouS persecution. Even before the days of Ferdinand and ISa. bella, the Christian ViSIgoth kings pcrsecuted Jews and non-Confornl- lstS. But under tho great king and queen, religious persecution was elevated into q system and an unholy union of church and state by which each used the other to obtRin It's ends.
 Isabella, liberal and e0ngcien. tiouS in many ways as an admin istratOr, WnB q religious zealot. While her armies stood before Granada, she issued an edICt bans ishing the JcwB from Spain, Per. hapg 100000 Of them were driven out of the country to die niiBer. ably on the shores of Africa or
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-08-05

were better manned and carried better armament During the last 10 days of July, i688 they engaged the Spanish fleet in Q running fight up the English coast, sink. ing, capturing or running aground many vessels.
 At the end of that time, c storm broke, further dlgporSlng the Spanish fleet, which tried to sail on around Ireland and back to Spanish vessels, which were pounded on the rocks ail along
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-08-05

washington, Aug. b--ft Isn't OK. actly . scoop Co report that repub- llcans have taken over the old detn- ocFatlc shlbboleth of states rights and that the demacFatic party h now carrying the hod for the advo- cates of concentrated federal pow- CT. There have been laughs long be. fore this over that reversal of posi- ton.
 It is more important to raise the question as to how it will Rll turn out, to guess which sido is riding the winning horse, and to speculate az Co the effects of tho result.
 The tendency to national c0nsOli- dalton has been sweeping along for i6O years and in the last 100 years, much of which has ben spent under republican presIdents, there has been no important step away from this federalist trend.
 One Is reminded of this fact by Irving BFant In his book, "BtOrm. Over the Consultation" Subtltled Democracy Turns t0 Federalism" MF. BFant Is chief edItOrIAlIst for the BG Louis Btar.TImes and an outstanding authority on the wrIt- InGs of the Pounding Fathers.
 The question whether the ten- dency B good or bad may be one for argument. The question whether it vii continue, now that the rec publicanS are more or less sworn to stop it, b something else again.
 To date, BrRnt makes clear, the flow has all been in one direction, with occasional periods of great nee celcration, such as that of the New Deal.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-08-05
Tall Tower
 Topics
SUMMER sUNTAN
BY THg MAN IN TIE TOWER

gunGan powder and a blt of paint Make . girl look what she aif1't. All summer long she's been in town, But nonethcless just note her brown. She looks as if she'd spent the season At the shore, but here's the reasOn-- She buys her creams, powders as well Of Buntan shade 70 who can tell, Bho looks 70 healthy, she looks 70 brown That shes spent her summer in town.
 FEM. EM.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-08-05

Jack Rutman tells today best story. Two wrcstIerS had been at t five minutes when suddenly they halted One of them numbered into corner and stared strangely at his adversary. Hey yOu" the referee shouted, as the crowd became impatient, whats wrong?" "Pm qutting' the burpcr replied. "What do you .ncan gutting?" the official demanded, why" "Why? I'll tell you why. I've met ths fellow before"
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-08-05
THE STORY OF SPAIN
Part H-"The Golden Century" 140215OO The Glory Of
 World Empire Dimmed When English Destroy Armada

Thls is Che second ef four stories telling the historical story that Hes behind the death struggle In Spain between Gis- coFdant political elements, with brother Killing brother In the streets.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-08-05

NEXT; battle-ground for con. liiCtlng French and Br) Itlsh ambl. tons, torn by revolution, and shOrn Of her American colonies, Spain meets Anal international humiliation at the hands Of the United States.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-08-05

the coast, carrying with them the flower of the Spanish army and the hopes of spain.
 Tine sun of Spanigh glory passed its gsnith and began to set,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-08-05
Great Corporations Rise


 Then began tho riBe of the cor. porGLG structure until today one corporation controls more wealth than B contained within the borderl of 2i BtatcS, Tho CorporatIo gained control Of state legislatures, took p0BBcgSion of state governments.
 Commercial feudallsm has challenged and defeated American political democracy in the realm of the states" Brant says "but lA Itself challenged in the realm Of national government. where It has been predominant, hut not wholly triumphant, in ' half century of ever-heIghtenIng strife. Today the control Of corporate wealth for political control Is at the heart of the conflict over federal and state authority"
 Wage earnGrB, small investors, farmers, and the aged and inflFm, the author says, arc among groupa looking toward the president and congress for protection against "BubjugatiOn by" 200 corporations
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-08-05
Property Rights to Fore

Tn this campaign are involved the rights of property and the republic can party is the party of property, In carly days men of property took charge of the government and rapidly expanded the federal power, Now the men with the most prop erty look upon such expansion with loathing and shout for the sRnctIty of state BoVeregnty.
 Jefferson himself was the first democrat to abandon JefferBonian democracy in favor of c Hamilton. ian conception of national power" says Brant, and proceeds to prove it Up to the hit, showing that lief. fcrB0n was an nntisFederaliBt bee fore nc became president, feder. alist while president, and an anti- FGderalist thereafter.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-08-05
Sought Strong Government

The Fathers wrote q ConBtitutiOn for q strong federal government in reply to Agrnrian rcbellionB and state legislative threats of paper money and debt cancellations, says Brant.
 Both thc smAlI.state group and the IaTge-state group at the con. StItuGIOnaI convention, he nakes clear after pRInslaklng research, wanted . strong federal goveFn- ment. But each group wanted Co control IE That fact, rather than any fanatIcal devotion t0 "States' rights" was what most Of thc shooting was about.
 Tho Fathers s0ft.pedaled federal powers in discussing them for pub. lie consumption, but privately ad- mltted those powers were weeping
 Tho states rights slogan served the slave owners until tho Civil War--thGy tried 10 build c state bulwark around slavery by warn ing that breakdown of state control meant monarchy and dcspotiDm."
The Waterbury Democrat., 1936-08-05
. BEHIND THE SCENESI WASHINGTON
|nV RoDNGV 0urcl4ER~

tDsmcFaG Washington Correspond
 enlD
Evening star., 1936-06-14

in rehearsal so that the human ele-
ment shall not fail to follow a pre-
scribed schedule under the excitement
Of this awe-inspiring event.
Weather Great Gamble.
But what OF the weather? That Is
a great gamble. Imagine spending
thousands of dollars to organize and
60 off on an expedition to a remote
part Of the globe to observe a phe-
nomenon which can be witnessed for
only few minutes at a certain pre-
scribed time, and then, after spending
months in preparation, finding that
stray cloud crossing the sky can
vitiate it all and send the scientists
home empty handed!
Such has been the frequent luck Of
eclipse observers-it is a $3.50 chance,
on the average. But with the progress
of science new ways Of observing
eclipses may bring us information,
whether 1t be clear or cloudy. Not
that one can hope to see the sun
through cloudy skies, but today it is
possible to note the effect of an eclipse
on the high reaches Of the earth's at
mosphere above the stratosphere by
the use Of radio waves AS radio
waves literally see through clouds, we
can get the information which the
moons shadow brings, so far as its
electric effects on the upper atmos-
Evening star., 1936-06-14

phere are concerned. whether eclipse
day be clear or overcast.
In this coming eclipse. therefore, at
least two expeditions will watch care
fully for the effects Of the eclipse
upon the ionosphere, that electrified
layer of the upper stratosphere that
turns radio waves back to earth and
thus makes long distance broadcasting
possible. Mr.. Ken-ichi Mazda Of the
Electro Technical Laboratory at To-
kio, Japan, will be on hand at Hok-
kaido to watch for new radio effects
when the moons shadow crosses that
place.
Change In Radio Reception.
During previous eclipses many OBJ
servers have noticed that there Is an
immediate change in radio reception
from the conditions Of daytime to the
conditions OF nighttime. Distance re-
ception, generally poor in the daytime.
improves Immediately as the moons
shadow passes, just as 1t does when
the sun goes down at night. This
shows that the moon, being away out
side the earth's atmosphere, cuts of
the ultraviolet light of the sun. This
light is responsible for splitting up
the molecules OF air into electric
charges by means of which the radio
waves are conducted and sent back
to earth.
Many scientists, however, still sup
Evening star., 1936-06-14
Absence Of Defensive Preparations
Found by Tour Through Rhine Valley

carried out as a means of increasing
the obstacles to the advance Of
enemy tanks in war time. Yet similar
drainage work is in progress at vari-
GUS other points in Germany much
further removed from the frontiers.
After a halt for beer aud sausaees
in the small village of Leopoldshafen
we continued on our way, which now
led northwestward toward the Rhine,
A ferry was waiting at the rivers
edge and the ferryman said the fare
would be Is pfennigs, bicycles in
cluded. As we were the cnly passeng-
erS we thought it best to increase
this levy by 10 pfennigs and a Gig
arctic. Propelled by the swift cur
rent We were across the river in q
jiffy.
Now on the left bank Of the Rhine.
1t was uphill the whole way to Landau
and with additional obstacles in the
form OF rain and head wind 1t was
tough going. Except for occasional
uniformed detachments there was
nothing along the road to suggest the
military. Fields Of grain and patches
Of onions were broken at no point
with anything which might be con-
strued as defense work. The seven
or eight villages through which we
cycled in the afternoon looked pic
turesque and peaceful. They were 20
uneventful, in fact, that the appear
ance Of two cyclists in foreign dress
attracted attention.
Village Life Peaceful.
In the small doris, as the Germans
call the single cobblestoned street, was
lined with half-timbered houses. some
Of which may have quartered the
soldiers Of Napoleon I, or even perhaps
those OF Louis XIV. The main street
OF one Of the villages had been re-
named Adolf Hitlerstrasse and each
Of the larger doris had its local head
quarters of the Naz party.
Except for such minor details one
might not know that these hamlets
were situated in country which had
experienced what was described as
revolution. Apparently life in these
villages goes on much as before, in
sharp contrast with the situation in
Russian villages which have expert
enced revolution in a very real sense.
We spent the night in Landau, a
quiet provincial town, and were on the
road early in the morning en- route
back to Karlsruhe. Our course led
over rolling hills as far as the village
of Barbelroth and thence southeast
ward to Karlsruhe. East of Barbelroth
the road was being widened and hard
surfaced. This Is highway parallel
to the frontier and thus of special i'm
portance in war time for the transport
OF defending troops from one sector
to another. This road construction
might be considered In the category Of
military preparation, but hardly Of
sensational character.
While we were sitting at o terrace
cafe on the outskirts of Karlsruhe late
in the afternoon q motorized engineer
detachment rumbled by along the
highway-trucks carrying pontoons for
emergency bridge construction. It
was the first genuine military detach-
ment we had seen since our arrival In
this area.
tcopyrisht. 1850
Evening star., 1936-06-14
BY A. G. GARDINER,
Greatest Liberal Editor


U ONDON.-In the heaving tor
ment Of panics, fears, uncer-
tainties and suspicious that Eu-
IL rope has become, the situation
in Ireland is likely to be lost sight
Of as a side show that does not affect
the great swirl of events. Yet that
situation is startling enough and in
normal times would engage the at
tention of the world. Strictly speak
ing, there are two dramas afoot, just
as there are two Irelands involved.
In a domestic sense, the dramas are
moving on parallel lines, but to-
gether they portend a clash that may
well bring the two Irelands into COL
lision and suck the neighboring island
into the vortex
The outstanding fact in both Ire
lands Is that they have not been
caught in the wave Of dictatorship that
is engulfing Europe That is more
patiently the case in the Irish Free
State than 1t is in Ulster. because the
supremacy of President De Valera Is
more unchallenged than that Of any
personal force in the northern coun-
ties. With the abolition Of the Sem
ate, that supremacy assumes the char
acter of an effective dictatorship, for
Mr.. de Valera's rule Is absolute IN
the Dali, and with the removal of
the second chamber all resistance to
his DEGREES disappears. What will he
do with his now unrestricted power?
Menace Of I. X. A.
The immediate problem that con-
fronts him Is the menace Of the l. r. A.
A collision with that formidable pow
er, which was so largely responsible
for his overthrow of Cosgrave, has
long been inevitable. For however
passionately devoted De Valera may
be to the twin causes Of republican,
ism and united Ireland, he does not
stand for physical force and the Irish
Republican army stands for little else.
Since, as a responsible statesman. he
could not make terms with the I. r.
A., he has been slowly driven to ac-
cept the alternative. He had either to
be the creature of that movement or
iOc iHdoCci, anu iiOW tAdC, Will VIC
disappearance of the Senate. his power
Is unhampered, the decks are cleared
for a decisive struggle with the phys
ical force party.
At the moment, most Of the l. r. A.
leaders are in Jail, waiting trial by the
military tribunal. Their followers now
hate De Valera more than in the past
they hated Cosgrave, and at recent
meeting in Cork they passed resolu-
ton to work together for the over
throw of the government. The issue Of
the struggle is awaited with anxiety
by the pacific element Of the public.
1t will not be an easy task for the
Evening star., 1936-06-14
DICTATORSHIP In ULSTER
SEEN MENACE TO IRELAND
Reaction to Ruthlessness Held Bound to
Cause Trouble-L r.. A. Major '''
Problem of De Valera.

dictator, for physical force Is deeply
rooted in the Irish tradition, but De
| Valera's personal position Is now SC
established that the result should not
be in doubt. .
II De Valera succeeds in crushing
the extremists, the fact might be ex-
| pected to cool the atmosphere between
the two Irelands and bring the posi-
bility of rapprochement nearer. But
this prospect is clouded by what "a
happening in Ulster, where the execu.
tive body has assumed the character
of dictatorship and is exercising II
with ruthlessness which. as thI.
New Statesman remarks, Hitler
himself has. scarcely bettered." The
home secretary has been made 8
domestic dictator, his weapon being
an emergency act which was passed
with some justification in 1922 when
the I. r. 4. IL Ulster organized mur.
der and called 1t war. ..
"Constitctional Despotism."
The emergency passed. but the act
did not pass and the whole machinery
of Continental despotism has become
/ established as q part OF the Law Ct
/ the land. The police can search prem
ises, seize property and make arrests
without warrant. Suspected person.
may be imprisoned without trial Of
! charge. The civil authority may make
an order, against which there is nei-
ther appeal nor redress, prohibiting
any person from residing in or en-
| tering the six counties The rights oi
| trial by jury is denied and the meth.
ods of the special tribunals violate
every principle of British criminal
procedure.
The significance of this dictator.
ship is that-as the report of the
| commission which has been sent from
England to investigate shows-it is
directed against the political and re-
ligious minorities. Catholic, Republic.
an and Socialist. Against these sec.
tions of the community, the specia.
powers have been used often with
devastating effect, while outbreaks
of Orange hooliganism h7ve gont
uncondemned and unpunished.
The reaction of this ruthless die.
tatorship on the situation in the Free
State cannot fail to be provocative
and disastrous at most critical time
and inaSmuch as Ulster is a part Of
the British system, English opinion
cannot be indifferent to proceedings
which may seriously compromise thii
country. The revelations of the COM
mission have evoked widespread con.
demnation in the English press, and
the defense of the Ulster government
has only deepened the concern at the
sinister development of events in
| Ulster.
(Copyright 1885,
Evening star., 1936-06-14
Nobel Prizes Remain
AT Last Years Values

STOCKHOLM (P).-The five Nobel
prizes to be awarded for literature,
medicine, chemistry, physics and
peace next November will be worth
$42,s40 each, or virtually the same
as last year, when each award was
$42,857.
This decrease from the all-time top
Of $46, ,4ls in 1881 is due to increased
taxes and loss OF revenue through
forced conversion Of bonds.
On the whole, however. the fund
has held up well during the depres-
sion, and now balances on 4S,404, I'll
kroner ($I2,s72,328) or about 1000
900 kroner more than last year.
The low point was reached in 1922,
when Sweden suffered from the post
war defiation. The prizes then were
worth only $30,3o3 each.
Evening star., 1936-06-14
CAPE TOWN NAVAL BASE
BRITISH SUPREMACY KEY
Defense Plans for Africa Are Mapped
to Offset Challenge of Italy in
Cramped Mediterranean.

British ships bound to and from the
East will pass the cape.
AS Cape Town RECEIVERS its place in
the imperial sun, Malta fades further
out OF the picture. Because Nialta's
naval base lies only half an hour
away from Sicily's airdromes, Great
Britain's Mediterranean feet has
abandoned it for the comparative
safety of Alexandria, Haifa and
Cyprus. Since Alexandria is over
crowded, there is some thought Of
making Cyprus Great Britain's chief
naval base In the Eastern Mediter-
ranean. The feet operating from
Cyprus could command approaches to
the Suez Canal and remain beyond
the reach Of heavy air attack, except
perhaps from Italy's Dodecanese
Islands.
Cyprus Too Far Away.
But the creation of a naval base
at Cyprus would not be enough to
preserve the Mediterranean for the
British. With Malta practically evac-
uated, the British Navy would find
no parking space for 1900 miles be-
tween Gibraltar and Cyprus. Con-
ceivably Italy's submarine and air
force could block the bottle neck be-
tween Sicily and North Africa. Great
Britain would still control Gibraltar
and Alden, but Italy would be master
in the home waters and could halt the
shipping bound to and from the
Suez Canal and the Red Sea.
Out of this dilemma two opposing
schools of naval thought are devel-
oping. Old timers who discount Mus
solini as menace insist that If war
comes Great Britain should hold onto
Malta and Cyprus and every other
possession in the Mediterranean and
stake the fate of the British EN-
pire on the might of her battleships
in combat with Italy's bombers
The second school Of strategy holds
there is no necessity for fighting any
such war in the narrow Mediter-
ranean when victory could be ac-
complished much easier elsewhere.
Their spokesman, Hector C. Bywater,
British authority on naval affairs,
assuming that the Mediterranean
route might be cut in some future
crisis. points out that for Great Brit
ain to recover control directly would
involve her in a first-class war. AS
an alternative, Mr.. Bywater says most
naval experts would favor a tempo
rary evacuation of the middle sea and
the Suez Canal to practice purely
oceanic strategy" This would leave
Malta. Egypt and Palestine uncov-
cred for the time being, but as BY
water says the ultimate fate of those
territories would be determined not by
the openings moves of the war but by
the outcome. The British scheme
would be to hang onto Gibraltar and
Alden, to divert friendly shipping
around the cape, to blockade un-
friendly shipping and to return to
the Mediterranean only after having
whipped the enemy without risking
Great Britain's fleet in dangerously
narrow seas.
All this fits in nicely with Pirow's
plans now being discussed in White
hall. With the Mediterranean tenn
porarily evacuated, Cape Town or ST.
mons Town might become the base
for the erstwhile Mediterranean fleet,
having the advantage over Malta Of
being remote from Italy.
(Copyrisht, 1936J