davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1936-02-17

the first place. there evidence of any general
tendency toward liquidation than before For example, the
selling Friday well taken. Liquidation of the
stocks produced general disturbance and the be
said of the moderate Corrections in other individual issues
As anticipated the gold exports brought considerable
pressure the market and toward the end of the week
good buying of securities by foreigners reported.
In fact may find scattered throughout the list
in which previous advances have been consolidated the SELL
ing dgeste and the prepared for another forward STEP
This illustrated by Telephone at 160 and possible by
Briggs Mfg and Raybstos Manhattan Such keep the
averages up while corrective reactions take place other
issues
In the second place. there little expect any
general liquidation in the visible future
large volume Of funds seeks investment and very low
money rates the purchase and retention of stocks
If to sell ones stocks what would be done with the
money?
The Federal Board does tighten credit
than the party seeking reelection wants bear
Brokers' loans remain relatively low by every te and the
outstanding characteristic Of this market right along has been
the purchase of stocks for cash very strong margin
In the third place. earnings prospects good which
favors retention of positions cases. where price
earnings ratios high there be reasonable hope that
increasing earnings will eventually justify the price
More than this must remember that there is such
moneyrate conditions usually attends condition of high
prceearnngs ratios With such cheap credit price of 20
25 times earnings per share MAY not be too high
For example, with at per cent price of % times
earnings easy to understand Say stock 81
1t safely pay &c cents dividends and that is cent
$22 Thus might justify price % times earnings.
On the other side of the picture it be said that it looks
than the upswng that began in December
topping off While the volume of trading holds up the
ages show less progress Some earnings statements have
proved to be disappointing e. g. Radiator Can and General
American Transporaton good issues priced at
2 80 times earnings per share which be justified
: only in of very and rising earnings.
The spu both in stees and coppers somewhat has
in discounting conditions which not yet certain.
think the general position somewhat like that of late 1924
or earlv 1925 and expect higher prices eventually do
however believe that the market advance forever without
fairly sharp Corrections"
But until there something in the way of "cimax
buying" with larger volume of trading doubt that any
: nearby reaction will amount much
Pending such symptom, dayoday traders may continue
make turns" in the active stocks intermediate long
pull positions may be retained with little shifting in favor Of
issues whose earnings ratio suggest better yields and
: chances of appreciation.
general cautious selection Of special situations is to be
recommended here
The Washington times., 1936-02-17
Chicago Livestock

Receipts. $4,000: steady. HoldoVers. 1000;
top S11.10: bulk $10.T5@l1.O0; heavy
$10.60@11.OO; medium $10.S5@n.10;
light $10.75@11.1O; light lights $10.50@
1885; packing sows $9.50910.00; pigs
$9.5O@1075.
Cattle-Receipts 10000: steady. Calves
1900; steady. Beef steers, good and
choice S110125O; common and medium
$7@ HOO; yearlings SS012.0O. Butcher
cattle, heifers $50 1000; cows $5@7.50;
bulls $500 500; calves $60l2.0o:
feeder steers $50 90; stOcker steers IS
@7.75; stocker cows and heifers $40
The Washington times., 1936-02-17

followed by mark up IN copper stocks on
Thursday and Friday, was chiefly respon-
sible. Thus, among the dozen most active
stocks, we find U. s. Steel (up 734 points,
and Anaconda Cup Az points).
Activity continued to go along with the
bull side, and aviation, utility and motor
stocks scared in the leadership.
The averages touched new highs since 1881
While there is not a little skepticism among
seasoned traders in Wall Street, it must be
admitted that there is a bullish undercurrent,
and it would be rash to overlook the posS-
bilitY of further gains.
The Washington times., 1936-02-17
Washington Stocks

SALES
Capital Transit Co., 100lS1z.
AFTER CALL
Capital Transit Co.. 10@ 1874:
5@13%.
Amer Sub TT Co., 2024S.. j..
Riggs Natl Bank, 1O0254.
Washington Gas SIS, 1860, $4,000
11614; $4,000 116A.
washington Ry & Electric P
Co., 25@109A.
Public Utility BOnds Bid. Ask.
Amer Tel & Tel 7hs.. .l1shI. .....
Am Tel & Tel Col TT 5s.... I109 .....
Anacostia & Pot 5s...s....s. S5% 81
Ana & Pot Guar 5s........s'1G ....s
c & P Tel of Va 5s.......... los .....
Cap Traction R r 5S:....... soy 81
City & Suburban IS .:.ss.... ssh 81
Georgetown Gas 1st 5s...... 113 .....
Pot Elec Pow Cons 5s...... l1e0 hl .ss.
Potomac Elec Is los hI 80. {.
Wash Gas IS 1885,, ,......... 1851 .".
Wash Gas 5s 1860. ....sss. lis sssss
Wash Gas 5s series B.s.... 101% ."..'
Wash Rwy & Elee S.. los L.:. :
Miscellaneous Bonds
fBarber & Ross Inc 6hs.... 20 .....
Chevy Chase Club s hs..... 1o6 .....
Col. Country Club 5hs...... 103 .....
W N Cold Storage S.. .......l 50 80.
Public Utility St0cks
d%;s d.SiE.i r. 4r.n.Is IT, c. S'9: 'is Z. il
N & W Steamboat (Sl:..... ...-.
SPOT Ell Pow IS pfd o.. I109 .....
~Pot El Pwr 515s pfd (5.5O) l111 I114$
Wash Gas 1t Co (3.60)E... - ....
$wash Ry & Ell Co (12) -. $50 .....
: Swash Ry & Ell pfd (5).... I10shI11O
National Bank Stocks
Liberty as ................ s5 ...,
Lincoln (6.2S) ..............19 1876 25O
Riggs (8) )-..................I24 1910 .....
Riggs Pfd (5) ,.......... 1103 zee.
washington (6) ............l1 l1Os ....,
Trust Company Stocks
I, Amer Sec & Tr Co QO).... I2SO 900,
Natl Saw & Tr .............1 100 ....,
Prince Georges Blk & TT .... IT %
Wash Loan & TT ..........I22O l....
Savings Bank stocks
Ssat ss@ = s.slns. Rssas'ef q, % ~: IS :
Fire Insurance Stocks
American (12) ............. I1s0 ....
Corcoran (2.60) ..........,. 90. ....
si%:a' KatioSsi uSioH sf:S' csii :: :: e : :::
Title IneaFanCa StOcks
SssI SslIms's sst.ts S'Ss e, ~ :::::::: lso I::: "
-
The Washington times., 1936-02-17
" AYExy Outstanding Characteristic Of
~ A"N n, Market Has Been Purchase of
AAA AAANA Il Stocks for Cash or Big Margin
BY LEWIS HANEY

Professor Of Economics New York University
The stock market averages gained just about
point last week, which is than anticipated.
sharp mark in steel stocks Monday Tuesday
The Washington times., 1936-02-17
1aIacaIIananna atneks

M18ee1A0DeO09 Stocks
MergenthaleG Limo ..s.......I 4Sht ~
Peoples Drug Pfd (6.5O). I11S ...,.
Real Est n & G Pfd (.2O).. AZ
Security Storage (S) $1,000. 1o2 .....
Ter Ref & VIII Corp (9 49,. SO .Es
tWdwd 4 LothrOp Com Q.2e "A .....
wdwd q LothrOp Pfd %. l117hl.....
The Washington times., 1936-02-17

@Rx-dlvidend. +25- cents extra. (fF1at).
Evening star., 1936-11-04

223,000, the first district contributed
1906, compared with $3.50 for Landon
on the basis of near-complete returns.
The second district voted 28,330 to
GIGS for Roosevelt; the third. 28.652 to
7,417; the fourth, 1925 to 3,179; the
fifth, 25,511 to 1876; the sixth, 26, ,901
to 14,977; the seventh, %, ,480 to 15.199;
the eighth. 27,097 to 1884, and the
ninth, 24,592 to 13,948.
Final counts had not been made. ex-
cept in the second, but the scattered
precincts yet to come were expected to
change the figures but slightly.
The fourth district-the only one In
Virginia to maintain its Democratic
identity In the 1928 election that placed
Virginia in the Republican column
returned the greatest Democratic ma
jority for Roosevelt and its Democratic
Representative.
Evening star., 1936-11-04
MARYLAND VOTES
5 AMENDMENTS,
RETURNS INDICATE
Large Majorities Apparent,
With 991 of 1853 POLL
ing Places In.
BALTIMORE COUNT
LACKS ONE PRECINCT
Abolition of Bank Stockholders
Double Liability Clause Con.
forms to U. S. Law.
3, the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
BALTIMORE, November 4-Three
amendments to the State constitution
apparently bore the approval Of Mary
land voters today.
Returns from all but one Of the
Baltimore City polling places and
from nearly half the county polling
places indicated the amendments had
carried by large majorities.
The amendments would abolish the
double liability Of bank stockholders.
provide an additional judge for the
sixth judicial circuit and authorize the
Governor to fill vacancies in the Legis-
lature by appointment.
On the basis of returns from 991 of
the States 1,453 polling places the
vote for these amendments stood:
To abolish double liability-For,
120.735; against, 50,799. A majority
Of 1896 for the amendment.
For Circuit Judge.
For additional sixth circuit Judge:
For, 126,406; against, 34,610. A ma
jority of e1,796 for the amendment.
For legislative appointments: For,
120,153; against, 35,248. A majority
Of 84,905 for the amendment
The three amendments were passed
by the last Legislature, subject to ap-
proval by the voters in a referendum
Abolition of the double-liability
clause brings the State constitution
into line with national law in this
respect. Heretofore, in bank failures,
stockholders have been liable to the
depositors for twice the amount of
stock they hold.
Bankers contended the double Lila
bility clause made people wary of
holding bank stock and thus made it
difficult for the banks to raise cap
ital. Furthermore, the bankers claim
the double liability IL hard to collect.
Approval of the amendment pro-
viding an additional Judge for the
sixth circuit, composed of Frederick
and Montgomery Counties, means
there will be four instead of three
jurists in the circuit hereafter.
Appointment of Judge.
Gov. Harry w. Nice will appoint
the added associate Judge to serve
until the next Statewide election, in
1898.
Under the amendment authorizing
the Governor to fill legislative va
cancies by appointment the necessity
for special elections would be elm
mated.
With approval of the Amendment
the Governor is empowered to ap-
point members Of the House Of Dele
gates or State Senate when vacancies
occur.
The Governors appointee must be
from the same county and of the
same political party as the person
whose place he fills.
Evening star., 1936-11-04
Republicans Seer,
Losing RighttoBe
On Florida Ballot
May Haze Less Than 30
Per Cent of Vote, Re-
quired for Listing.
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
TALLAHASSEE, Fla, November A.
The Republican party appears to have
lost the right under existing Florida
law to have names Of its candidates
printed on the general election ballot
In this State.
Mounting returns from yesterdays
vote showed Republican candidates
polling less than 80 per cent of the
total.
There is q State law that only 'rec-
ognized" political parties may have
names Of candidates printed on the
general election ballot. 1t defines q
recognized" party as one which
polled not less than 80 per cent Of the
total vote In either of two preceding
general elections.
The Republican party did not re-
ceive 80 per cent of the vote In Florida
in the 1894 general election. Appar.
emily It failedFagain yesterday.
Evening star., 1936-11-04
Party Scores Bigger Victory
Than in 1882, Surpris-
ing Leaders.
RALPH w. POWERS WINS
SEAT IN LEGISLATURE
Only One Precinct Favors Landon.
Gambrill's Margin Jumps
1900 Votes.
BY GORDON EAMES BROWN,
Star CarreSnandent ~


UPPER MARLBORO, Md, Novem-
Der 4.-Prince Georges County Re-
publicans were swamped under a de-
luge of Democratic votes yesterday
as New Deal followers gave Presi-
dent Roosevelt 1000 majority. sup
ported Representative Stephen w.
Gambrill by like margin and voted
to l to send Ralph w. Powers of
Calvert Hills to the State Assembly.
Even the most optimistic of party
leaders were surprised at the one
sided returns, which increased the
Federal administrations 1882 balance
Of power by 1000. Only one pre-
cinct favored Landon, but that terri
tory, Seat Pleasant No. 3, had a reg
istration G. o. P. margin of 464.
Results from all polling places gave
the three Democrats a 2-to-1 edge.
The other three presidential candi-
dates, Thomas, Browder and Aiken,
received less than 100 total votes.
Trend Evident Early.
The New Deal trend became evi-
dent from the first totals reported
when Marlboro district, registered as
a Republican territory, revealed a
Democratic edge. Heaviest Demo-
cratic majorities came from the met
ropolitan area, with Spauldings No. 8
and Seat Pleasant No. 2 supporting
Roosevelt 4 to /.
Gambrills countrywide margin,
which was $500 two years ago, jumped
to more than 1000. He lost only two
precincts. Evansville and Seat Pleasant
No. 3. His opponent was Roscoe
Rowe Of Anne Arundel County.
According to registration figures, the
county Is Democratic by 1909. Politi-
cal observers, however, had predicted
that the New Deal, although favored
to take the majority, had lost some OF
its power exhibited in the 1892 elec-
tions. Figures show that the opposite
was true.
In the choice for State Delegate,
voters more strictly followed party
lines, giving Powers a 5,000-vote edge
over Sherman Hollingsworth of Hy-
attsville. The victor lost four pre-
| charlottesville, Nottingham, Mel
wood and Seat Pleasant No. 3. AL
though he lost the Vansville district
by only one vote, his defeat there was
unexpected, since that area has a reg
ttered Democratic margin.
All Amendments Carried.
All three proposed amendments were
carried in Prince GEORGES These STATE
constitutional changes provide for ap.
pointment Of persons by the Governor
to fill Assembly vacancies, an addi.
tional judge in the sixth judicial cir.
cult in Frederick and Montgomery
Counties and repeal of the State
stockholders double liability clause.
Landon and President Roosevelt re.
ceived tie vote in the Nottingham
district, where 100 votes were cast fol
each. The heavy vote kept election
officials tallying ballots until near day.
break. It was estimated that more
than 80 per cent of the registrants
went to the polls.
Totals from the "a precincts show:
Landon. 7,s43; Roosevelt, 1882;
Rowe, 6,066; Gambrill, 1888; Hol.
lingsworth, 6,149; Powers, 11,150. Fig
ures on the amendments, not COM
pletely totalized, show approval by a
3-to-l ratio.
Evening star., 1936-11-04

underwent an operation earlier in the
week at Garfield Hospital.
Maj. Cutler, a resident of Silver
Spring, was removed from the hospi-
tai on a stretcher, placed in an am
bulance and carried to the National
Guard Armory in that town, where he
voted for the Presidents reelection.
The heavy voting by the county's
electorate prevailed in each of the 81
polling places. A record-breaking vote
was cast in the farming area as well
as in the suburban section bordering
the National Capital. Crowds began
to form at daybreak and continued in
unbroken formation until booths were
closed at o'clock last night.
Evening star., 1936-11-04
DEMOCRAT WINS
ASSEMBLY SEAT
c. s. Houck, Jr., Elected Over
Joseph Harp in Frederick =
County.
Ey the Associated Press.

Ey the Associated Press.
FREDERICK, Md, November A.
Charles S. Houck, jr, Democrat, former
State commander of the American
Legion, today was elected to the State
House of Delegates from Frederick
County.
Houck defeated Joseph Harp, Re-
publican. With returns counted from
So out of SO polling places, the vote
was: Houck, 9,762, and Harp, 1896.
Houck succeeds George Castle,
Democrat, who died last Summer. He
will serve until the 1898 general elec-
ton, when delegate will be elected
for the full four-year term.
Evening star., 1936-11-04
TYPHOID OUTBREAK
CAUSES ONE DEATH
Six Stricken, Sixty Inoculated in
Choppers Community of
Montgomery.
sreeial Dispatch to The Star.

SreclaI DlSpatcn 70 Ine 5tar.
ROCKVILLE. Md, November A.
Development Of half q dozen cases
of typhoid fever in the Metropolitan
Grove neighborhood, near Choppers,
this county. has led to incubation Of
approximately so residents of the
community, DR.. v. L. Ellicott, county
health officer, stated today. DR.. Elli-
colt warned that only boiled water
should be drunk.
Source Of the outbreak has not yet
been definitely determined, although
DR.. Ellicott inclines to the opinion
that q carrier" Is responsible. One
death has occurred.
Evening star., 1936-11-04

Roosevelt, $40; LIE Gore, 2s2: Lewis,
409. Amendments-Assem For,
446; against, So. Banks: For, 401;
against, IS. Judge: For, AT; against,
43.
Bethesda, four-Landon, 727; Roose-
velt, 720; lie Gore, 585; Lewis, 597.
Returns on amendments unavailable.
Bethesda, five-Landon, sS3; Roose-
velt, 635; LIE Gore, 7l2; Lewis, SIT.
Amendments-Assembly: For, lit;
against, 270. Banks: For, 1908;
against, 353. Judge: For, 1929;
against, 102.
Olney, one-Landon, 2l2; Roose-
velt, 279; lie Gore, 1888; Lewis, 240.
Returns on amendments unavailable.
Olney, two-Landon, 228: Roosevelt,
1853; lie Gore, 21o; Lewis, 221. Re-
turns on amendments unavailable.
Gaithersburg. one and two COM
bined-Landon. 596; Roosevelt, $50;
lie Gore. $50; Lewis, 759. Amend
ments-Assembly: For 597: against,
1913. Banks: For, sos; against, 1913.
Judge: For, SIS; against. 1876.
Potomac-Landon, Jig; Roosevelt,
303: lie Gore, Ito; Lewis, 221. Re-
turns on amendments unavailable.
Barnesville-Landon. 271: Roosevelt,
3Sl; LIE Gore, Isl; Lewis, 355. Amend
ments-Assembly: For, 1854: against,
So. Banks: For, ITS; against, So.
Judge: For, 1874; against, 90.
Darnestown-Landon, 269; Roose-
velt. $50; lie Gore, 266; Lewis, $50.
Amendments-Assembly: For, ITO;
against, 26. Banks: For, 14S: against.
SO. Judge: For, las; against, IS.
wheaton, one-Landon, 2s7; Roose-
velt, 295; lie Gore, 25s; Lewis, 238.
Returns on amendments unavailable.
Wheaton, two-Landon, 246; Roose-
welt, 642; LIE Gore, ZIG; Lewis, $40.
Amendments-Assembly: For, 557;
against, 81. Banks: For, $50; against,
103. Judge: For. 566; against, 81.
Wheaton, three - Landon, 430;
Roosevelt. $40; lie Gore, 39e: Lewis,
5s7. Returns on amendment unayail-
able.
Wheaton, four-Iandon. 428; Roose-
fcAt, 1OH, AS NfoAC, oOUs A6WB, foUs ktS~
turns on amendments unavailable.
Wheaton, five-Landon. 345: Roose-
welt. $40; lie Gore. 3I4; Lewis, 4o3. Re-
turns on amendments unavailable.
Wheaton. six-Landon, 367; Roose-
welt, 395; lie Gore. 326; Lewis. $40. Re-
turns on amendments unavailable.
Wheaton, seven LAndon, 343:
Roosevelt, 500; lie Gore, 324: Lewis.
265. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: For, 392;
against, 81. Banks: For, $50; against.
100. Judge: For, 416; against, a.
Wheaton, eight - Landon, los;
Roosevelt. 265; lie Gore. lis; Lewis
2l3. Returns on amendments unavail-
able.
Wheaton nine-Landon. 341: Roose-
velt, 233; lie Gore, 276; Lewis, 206,
Amendments-Assembly: For. 344:
against, As. Banks: For. 29l; against,
k7s. Judge: For, 333; against, IS.
Evening star., 1936-11-04
ALL / PRECINCTS
GIVE VICTORIES TO-.
: NEW DEAL TICKET
Party Followers Celebrate
as Returns Put Presi-
dent in Lead.
J.L. GREEN, NATIVE SON,
DECISIVELY DEFEATED
Representative Smith Scores Sur.
prise by Polling 2,714 More
Votes Than Rival.
By Stan Correspondent OF The Star.


ARLINGTON, Va, Nomember A.
Giving President Roosevelt the largest
majority ever accorded a Democratic
presidential candidate in Arlington
County, voters here swung in with the
general trend of the country to ap.
prove the present administration by an
almost IA majority at yesterdays
polls.
The final score was: Roosevelt,
4,795; Landon, 1925.
This 1870 Democratic majority even
exceeded the expectations of party
leaders, who had not looked for victory
by more than 1000 votes. Their pre-
dictions had been restrained by the
close 1882 election, in which President
Roosevelt defeated Herbert Hoover by
only 479 votes.
Smith Vote Surprises.
Equally as unexpected was the large
majority Arlington County gave Rep
resentative Howard w. Smith, Demo-
crat. in his contest with the Republic
can candidate, John Locke Green. q
county resident, for the eighth Vir-
ginia district seat in the House Of
Representatives. Smith took 5,021
ballots to Green's 2,307 as voters in
the county's IL precincts showed their
fellow resident under 2,7l4 majority.
The two substantial victories of
Arlington County's Democratic forces,
indicated in early returns and SUBJ
stantiated by later results, were the
spark for celebrations that got under
way once the returns started showing
the Roosevelt lead in all precincts.
In the normally Republican Carne
precinct the closest contest in presi-
dental voting took place Here Gov.
Landon received 309 votes to Roose-
velt's 325. All other precincts in
Arlington gave the Democratic candi-
date majorities of 2 to and 3 to 2.
Both Parties Back Glass.
Another unexpected turn of the
election was that John Locke Green
did not carry single precinct in the
county. Again the closest contest was
in Carne precinct. where Representa-
cNC oAAiAeAl was hcu Ol OSU
ballots and Candidate Green's on only
225.
Both Democratic and Republican
voters in Arlington County backed
Senator Carter Glass for reelection.
The veteran Virginia Senator received
6.329 votes against less than 500 for
both his pponents-George Rohlsen
and Donald Burke.
Results of the presidential and con-
gressional contests by precincts were
as follows:
Evening star., 1936-11-04
CAREY FALLS BEHIND
DEMOCRATIC RIVAL
By the Associated Press.

CHEYENNE, Wyo, November A.
Robert D. Carey, Republican senatorial
critic Of the New Deal, fell steadily
behind his Democratic opponent today
Is returns were counted from yester-
days election.
The incumbent Senator, who made
the administration reciprocal tariffs
his target, had 25,658 in 457 Of 676
precincts to 29,436 for Harry II.
Schwartz, New Deal supporter.
Carey defeated Schwartz in 1880.
In l01 precincts out Of 676, Wyo-
ming gave Roosevelt 27,773 and
LAndon 1887. A
Evening star., 1936-11-04
RECORD VOTE CAST
|NPR|NCE GEORGES
IS Per Cent of Those on
Registration Lists Cast
Ballots.
AZ . stan corresponoent of The star.

UPPER MARLBORO, Nd, Novem-
ber 4.-Prince Georges County's voters,
breaking all previous records for poll
ing volume, went to the ballot boxes
In orderly procession yesterday as
some IS per cent of those on the reg
istered lists exercised the right Of
suffrage.
Precinct workers, starting to "get
out the vote" even before the booths
opened at z an, found many Of their
party followers already at the polls
without solicitation.
Throughout the 12-hour period
crowds surrounding the As election
places were good-natured. From mid
morning to shortly after noon the pro-
cession was heaviest. Police at Hyatts-
vile and here reported no trouble calls
to quell alterations or arrest ineb-
rates.
Political Leaders Surprised.
Political leaders expressed surprise
at the heavy volume. The county's
usual number approximates 10 per
cent of the registered voters. In al
most every section Of Prince Georges,
from the heavily populated metropoli-
tan area to the rural territory, ratios
ranged from so to 30 per cent of the
registrants.
Favorable weather conditions, mark
ed by high temperatures, prompted
trips to the polls. Although this years
ballot In the county Is short one,
the large number slowed totaling pro-
cedure. First results we're announced
by the K-Z alphabetical section from
Marlboro district at $3.50 pm, two and
a half hours after ballot boxes were
closed.
80 Per Cent Vote in Precinct.
In the Bladensburg district voting
percentages reached 80 in one pre-
cinct, with lower ratios in the Hyatts-
vile, Riverdale and Laurel areas.
The voters not only broke previous
records for volume, but also shattered
the NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. figures.
Party leaders were unable completely
to explain the increase. One contrib
uting factor was the presence of two
county candidates In the field for .
House Of Delegates seat. The resigna-
ton Of Legislator Egbert r. Tingley Of
Hyattsville necessitated the choice Of
successor, although general State
elections will not be held until 1898.
Another reason for the abnormal vol
ume, cited by leaders, Is the popula-
ton increase in Prince Georges since
advent Of the Roosevelt administra-
ton.