davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1936-02-10
DIVIDENDS ANNOUNCED
PHILADELPHIA PRODUCE.

PHILADELPHIA. February. 10 (PI.-
pounds or over, 2sa27; fowls. Plymouth
"a; white Leshorns. fancy, pounds and
over. aisaa: ordinary. .i9s20: fancy roast
ins chickens. 24a25: fancy Spring chick
roosters, I7alS old roosters, 10; broilers
fancy Plymouth Rocks: soa24; turkeys
fancy y99ns hens a1ass; .aos ySunE prs, toms ms
ordinary lower ducks. white: Pekin. fancy
90; mixed colors lsa20: Muscovy. white.
10a2O: mixed colors, lSa19: geese. fat,
20: ordinary. l6al8.
Dressed .poultry-Fowls. fresh-killed
western in boxes. 2la20; chickens, near
Old ROSTERS. dry picked, western l9Haa
20h youns turkeys hens. 30a3l !, young
tonS 2sa2sh; old hens; 2s; old toms.
20; Spring ducks. Long Island %.
Evening star., 1936-02-10
U. S. STEEL REPORTS
SHIPMENTS JUMP
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, February io.--united
States Steel Corp. reported today jan
uary shipments Of finished steel prod
ucts increased 6e,eee tons TO the
highest January total since 1891,
January shipments amounted TO
721 Ala tons. compared with eel.bib
tons In December. 1888.
Last months total was the greatest
since June, 1884. when pes,ssf tnns
were reported. January shipnaents q
year ago amounted 10 estoaa tens,
Evening star., 1936-02-10
FREIGHT LOADINGs.

NEW YORK February 10 GP.-Revenue
freight cerloadings on railroads reporting
today for week ended February included:
Wk. .Febs Prev. Wk. LAstYr.
ssn, sslt q = Ohio - 5S3.33ssS 53'se955 4I.1Ia!!
Evening star., 1936-02-10
NEW YORK CURB MARKET
BY private wire direct 70 The star.

Stock and Ssies-
Dividend Rate Add 90. Hish. Low. $3.50
A fr&
Evening star., 1936-02-10
METAL MARKET.

NEW YORK. February 10 R,.-Coppel
quiet: electrolyttc spot and future. 9.25;
export, $50. Tin steadier; spot and near.
ffy ffon saies No. ob iaIa Eastern Psn1ssi
vania, 2O50: Buffalo 1850: Alabama
1880 Lead steady; spot New York. .50a
ST. Louis spot and future, 4s5. Aluminium,
10 00a22 90. Antimony spot l2.S7h
Quicksilver. 7s.O0a79.00. Wolframite,
15.75a16.00.
The Washington times., 1936-03-19
888cc

Covered b d-Convenient,
folding, apartment-size ironing
board. heavily padded and cov-
cred for immediate use.
Fifth FlOOr-The Hecht Co.
Evening star., 1936-09-26
Many Subjects Have Been Submitted, and
Several Standard Methods Have Been
Employed in Obtaining Sentiment.

A MOTHER aspect Of the psychology
cal implications of the straw poll
which must not be overlooked Is the
vast aggregation of what might be
termed the floating" or "bandwagon
vote-those who wish the satisfaction
Of having backed with their vote the
winner. and not placing their ballot,
30 to say, on the wrong horse. This
type of voter generally watches the
straw poll closely and finally casts
his legal vote for the indicated winner.
But all b not we'll with the political
straw poll on the Washington front.
Many . member of Congress eyes
this popular pastime darkly and
harbors lethal designs upon it. II
does much to lower party morale in
weak States, creates q defeatist
psychology, and. perhaps more i'm
portant, causes purse strings Of con-
tributors to be drawn tightly when q
straw vote shows . darkening political
sky.
On February II, 1885, Representa-
tive Walter M. Pierce Of Oregon in
troduced H. r. s72s. which provided: !:
THAT every letter, writing. circular,
postal card, picture, print, engraving,
photograph, newspaper. pamphlet,
book or other publication, matter, or
thing. Of every kind, containing any
matter relating to the conduct or
operation Of straw polls where candi-
dates and issues are different, or en-
ploying sampling methods for general
referendum purposes and for measure
ing the voting intention of the people
on candidates for public ONCE and
issues Is hereby declared to be nom
mailable matter and shall not be
conveyed In the mails or delivered
from any post ofhce or by any letter
carrier"
But no action was taken on this
proposed legislation. On January 3,
1896, however, Representative Pierce
again introduced . resolution (H. r.
3sl) calling for the creation Of .
committee Of i've to sift thoroughly
Vic 8sAo" ROAA 40CotsOAs LAC COkl.
mittee was empowered to make q
complete examination of the subject
In all its phases and asked to recon-
mend to the House whatever legisla-
ton it deemed advisable at the con-
clusion Of it, hearings.
Although the 1895 effort met with
no success, IN election year would
obviously be an inexpedient time to
push such An inquiry, but It Is quite
likely that the next Congress will 20
vigorously into the matter.
II the Seventy-fifth or even the
Seventy sixth Congress should decide
to abolish the political straw poll, as
we know 1t today. and lay forever the
niehtmareish image OF the straw
ballot Jabberwock which haunts the
minds Of all political men In election
year, the 1s20s and ls30s win 90 down
in American history - the golden age
q ths straw vote.
Evening star., 1936-09-26
SEAS BOUNTY IS CURTAILED
There Is Fishing Well Farm Industry Problem and They
Resemble Each Other in Many Ways-Two of Favore Com.
mercial Species Now Face Extinction.

shall be adopted as legal compulsion
Is that fishing nets shall be Of larger
mesh than those currently used. Nets
represent one Of the largest wastes in
connection with present-day methods.
OF fine mesh. they capture young fish
far too small for marketing purposes
which, II allowed to grow to maturity,
would contribute markedly to the pres
ervation Of the species.
The fishing industry has every rea-
son to lend its cooperation to pro-
grams which affected governments
devise for preservation of commercial
hsh species.
Growing scarcity Of fish, those iden-
tined with the industry are quite as
we'll aware as are Government officials.
means higher production costs which
in turn mean higher prices and cur
tailed markets. The very methods by
which production costs have been re-
duced, mechanization to a high degree,
now are threatening to achieve a re-
verse result in that present fields o.
operation may have to be abandoned.
The industry, therefore, Is in o more
tractable mood insofar as revised
methods designed to conserve resources
are concerned.
ENTIRELY apart from regulatory
enactments, or international
agreements, the fishing industry recoe-
nizes q very large degree of depend
ence upon governmental agencies.
Unlike the land, the sea conceals the
evidence of its food resources. The
farmer can calculate the yield OF a
field Of grain, estimate the future pro-
ductivity Of his soil, or determine the
value Of herd of cattle from the eu-
dence before his eyes. The fisher
man, on the other hand. is dependent
upon extremely scientific calculations
arrived at by the employment Of indi-
rect methods.
Governments provide him with the
information he needs, their scientific
staffs turning light into the dark wa
ters from which he derives his liveli-
hood.
He has learned to listen to the
counsel of these experts. He is listen
ing to them today as they tell him a
story of the probable exhaustion of
some Of the most popular commercial
f1sh, Of an end to, or radical change in,
one Of the seemingly most inexhaust-
ible resources of nature.
Evening star., 1936-09-26
SlKfAW VOTES GOLDEN AGE ARRIVES
Citizen Concludes That There Is Reason to
Believe That Fifty Million Ballots, Preced-
ing Election, Cannot Be Very Far Wrong.

OF the States. Again, in the Wilson,
Hughes campaign of 1916, this group
of papers repeated the predictive en-
terprise, and with fair accuracy, the
New York Herald Of October 70, 1916,
showing Wilson as the probable win
nef. ~5.
THE Literary Digest. q title virtually
equivalent with straw polf' to-
day, now commenced its career OF
foretelling political fortunes, and car
ried the science Of political augury to
new heights.
According to the records, the Lit
erary Digest in 1916 conducted q post
card poll in five States, besides asking
its readers to report local political
opinion. In all subsequent presiden-
tial years it has mailed out from 10
to 20 million ballots, principally to
automobile owners and telephone
subscribers. in vast canvasses to gauge
public sentiment.
Digest polls have also embraced
other issues, such as the prohibition
question. These polls have shown .
progressive accuracy. The prediction
error tn the 1928 campaign was under
per cent, and the 1892 poll was
1856 per cent correct (their straw
vote gave Roosevelt 474 electoral votes
and he actually received 472; It gave
Hoover 81 electoral votes and he ac-
tually received so.
Scores Of organizations now spon-
sor polls Of public opinion, and be-
tween them probably poll an aggre-
gate grand total Of 10000, 900 votes.
One authority on the subject. Mr..
Claude Z. Robinson, counted IS diff
ferent straw polls in the 1928 cam
paign, and their number has in
creased, if anything, in 1882 and 1886.
THE multifarious ways in which
straw poll may be conducted fall
Into three general catesories.
First and foremost among these Is
the familiar "by-mail'' technique,
such ~ that employed by the Digest,
where . selected list Of names II
polled. Often such lists of names are
bought from publicity Arms and auto
matically polled by the sponsor Of the
straw vote.
II only Q cross-section Of the popu-
lation Il used very often the device -
employed Of selecting every tenth or
twentieth name In city directory
and mailing each q ballot. The "by-
mail" system Is, Of course, expensive.
both from the standpoint Of the large
clerical force needed and the postage
bill, and also the fact that the re-
sponse Is usually but from 10 per
cent to 20 per cent.
The second type b where the ballot
Is printed in the paper or periodical.
for the reader to- clip out, mark and
return to the of1ice. Of the sponsoring
agency By mail o. IN person. ThiS
Evening star., 1936-09-26

could easily have found the materials
for . dramatic picture.
He could have painted q story Of
graceful, two-masted fishing craft ly-
ing idle on our northern shores; ghosts
of another industrial epoch, now only
useful as subjects for the brushes Of
ambitious artists with an eye to
beauty. The fishing fleet sets out to-
day, not with white sails agleam, but
with the smoke of Diesel engines
streaking the horizon. 1t is q me-
chanized industry. Large companies
operate fleets Of power driven craft.
On their pay rolls are the descendants
fishing . small mans enterprise.
Today's fishing fleet Is an all
weather armada. 1t has no OF days
nor OF seasons in which spells Of
weather" settle down upon the in
dustry to give the fish . breathing
spell in their battle to avoid capture.
1t goes steadily about its job of de-
pleting the great stores of the sea.
Other equipment of the industry,
it was brought out at the conference,
has been correspondingly modernized
and made more effective.
THE effect of the mechanization of
the fishing industry and the i'm
provement Of its methods Is told force
fully in figures which were laid before
the delegates. The haddock catch to-
day, for example, is but one-third of
what it was slightly more than a dec
ade ago. The mackerel haul, which
varies from year to year, has lately
been running but half of the former
total
What shall we do to preserve this
ancient industry? Is it the idea of
governments worried over future pros
poets that the industry shall turn its
back upon improved methods and 60
back to its ancient ways?
The futility Of that idea is obvious.
The attitude Of officials and those
identified with the fishing industry Is
that what is will continue to be and
that future restraints, worked out on
the basis of international cooperation,
will have to recognize the high degree
Of efficiency which has been attained
in fishing methods.
One change which it is proposed
Evening star., 1936-09-26

means Of the second question It Is .
simple matter to compute shifts in
party allegiance in . given area,
and arrive at more accurate results.
When the straw poll Is about .
policy or issue, great care must be
taken to frame the question simply
and clearly, for it Is . well-known
fact that the answer received is like
Is not Influenced by the wording Of
the question itself. A dozen men
might be interviewed on. some sub
ject and their replies swayed one way
or another, depending on the way the
question was phrased, or the attitude
Of the interrogator.
The straw poll was little more than
. lusty infant in 1908, but its growth
in the ensuing generation has been
remarkable. Upon what strange food
has the straw poll fed that it has thus
grown 20 great?
The answer is threefold. In the
first place, the tremendous accelera-
ton Of life in all its phases in the
past three decades, especially COM
municatiOn and transportation, has
rendered inevitable the changing Of
the Nation into large neighborhood.
Metropolitan centers have doubled
and tripled their population and in
fluential dailies are read by multi
tudes never before reached.
The radio itself has been no small
factor in the shrinkage Of the size
of the country. Standardization has
set In. The result has been that pub
lie opinion has become less amor
phous, less sectional, and perhaps
more easily nodded, Influenced and
ascertained.
A democracy, secondly, should be
ruled by public opinion, and when 1t
becomes . ruling force it II much
more than merely what people think
that other people think" 1t be-
hooves those iri command Of the Ma
ton in its different spheres to check
public opinion constantly 50 they may
better meet the needs Of the Ma
ton.
The third reason E psychological
and lies in the changing temper OF
the American people. Impatience Is
the characteristic national trait, and
II . man makes 4 better shortcut
than his neighbor, al the country
beats . pathway to his door.
Furthermore, never has the sporting
instinct Of the Nation been pitched
higher than today match, contest,
or an event Of chance or skill easily
catches the public Imagination. Fore
casting and dope" articles are avidly
read by all types Of fans from hrst
to last.
Therefore, it follows that the straw
poll, which Is both . short cut OF
ascertaining the outcome Of the presi-
dental race, the most exciting OF all
contests, with Thousands Of column
inches Of articles BY dopesten, y
eagerly followed b NJ Notion.
Evening star., 1936-09-26

political philosopher with . talent for
the expedient thing. picks up q hoy
king" in Paris. and hies thither to
Georgiana to re-create 1t - an Utopia.
As prime minister his first gesture
Is to rid Georgiana Of every political
element which advocates change
That. in this day. would be quite q
few political elements. Alfred, how
ever, loads them all Communists,
Fascists, ETC., ad infinitum) on an
ancient. unseaworthy boat, the Silas
Hopper. and ships them elsewhere.
BY freak Of fate, Alfred u taken
along.
On the boat, and on the desert
island where the boat is finally
wrecked after q series Of murderous
clashes between the different isms
represented by its almost fantastic
passenger list, there occurs . story
the like Of which has not been writ
ten Of these queer times.
Mr.. Duffus writes deftly always, but
never more SO than when he creates
characters which are both individ-
uals and symbols, as he does in THE
Sky But Not the Heart"
Mr.. Duffus' book does not answer
the question where man is going. He
simply points out. bit sadly, that, re-
gardless Of what happens. he seems
TO keep going. FIG.
THE THEATER OF THE MOMENT.
BY George Jean Nathan: New
York: Alfred Knopf.
IT IS THE habit Of George Jean
Nathan's publishers proudly to
boast that their acid and amusing
commetator on the American theater
Is the only critic in the United States
who has any standing in Europe.
They do not bother to explain why
this should matter particularly to
Americans, but it is probably in
tended as an index to Mr.. Nathans
erudition. the soundness of his criti-
cal judgment and the International
Evening star., 1936-09-26
Ospreys

Continued Prom Page B-i.)
Evening star., 1936-09-26

even though the water was muddy
from q recent storm, or rough and
ripping from a gusty wind. For a
few days he would stay on the side
lines and watch his parents hunting.
Next he would hover above q fish and
drop as his parents had done. He
would surely miss, for he had q lot
yet to learn. Experience would soon
teach him that he must not select
too large fish or one too far below
the surface. Such a mistake might
cost him his life, for large fish could
pull him under before he could let 70
He would learn to make his dives
true to the mark and to start rising
of the water as soon as he had
fastened his talons In his prey. As
yet, high above the ground, protected
by his sturdy home and watchful
parents, he had nothing to do but
eat. grow and to exercise his wings
In preparedness for his first flight,
As We watched through our glasses,
we saw the male returning again with
something in his talons.
THE female bird had remained on
guard, circling high above the
nest, and she did not desert her post
when the male returned. The glasses
told us it was not a fish that the old
bird had brought back TO the nest.
but just what it was we could not
tell. We watched the osprey drop to
the nest, and after q few minutes of
inspection. he tapped slowly of again
toward the bay.
The mosquitoes were terrible; here
was an opportunity to get on the
move again. I volunteered to climb
to the nest and see what the osprey
had brought back When I peered
over the edge of the nest, I saw
Shiny mass Of wet seaweed. The old
osprey had provided q cool bed for
his young offspring. The day was
hot, very hot, and although We did
not know 1t then, the severe heat of
early July was under way. climbed
down the tree amid the screams and
dives of the old ospreys, with even
more respect and admiration for these
bold, fearless attackers, yet gentle.
wise parents. The ospreys were more
weather-wise than we, for they kept
their youngster cool, but by night we
were burnt like Indians by the hot
sun. We did not sleep, for the
ground was too rough for our scorched
backs, but the little osprey slept COM
fortably on his cool, damp bed.
Leaving the colony of ospreys, We
took the mail boat back to the main
land. Here we again saw several fish
hawks drop and catch their prey. As
most Of these hit fairly near the
shore, we decided to camp there a
few days longer. and see If we could
get . picture of an osprey striking a
fish. Although We succeeded in get
ting . number Of pictures, we did not
get just what we wanted, as most of
the ospreys struck their prey too far
away from where We were hiding.
Evening star., 1936-09-26

method +, Of course, inexpensive. but
has the drawbacks that its poll u nom
selective, and enthusiastic supporters
may resort to sstufing the ballot box"
In favor Of their candidate or issue,
resulting in = mere piling up Of bulk
ballots and NO true test Of public
opinion. *
The accuracy Of this method Is fur
ther imperiled by the fact that often
. magazine or newspaper will derive
It's circulation chiefly from = single
stratum Of society, and even II Its
readers respond heartily, the result u
only class feeling. hence blind vote,
rather than an authentic recording Of
public opinion 1t large.
The third and last general division,
Of methods Of conducting . straw poll,
Is through personal solicitation. Its
accuracy depends, of course, precisely
upon the manner it is carried on.
One ingenious system is for the polls
SkOAASVA W nave AtS REPRESENTATIVES, SoAl
along predetermined routes and OBJ
tain sampling Of public sentiment
among all classes.
Another variation Is for the cam
vasser to maintain . booth or ONCE
in strategic centers where the straw
voter may come and register his pref
erence. House -house visitation u
often resorted to, ~ in the famous
English peace poll. ~
THE worries Of the straw-poll spon-
sor are by no means over when
he has counted his votes.
Usually the results must be weight
ed" mathematically. That Is to say,
returns from each section or group
must be proportionately adjusted to
the numerical ratio which that area
or class bears to the country Is .
whole, otherwise = distorted tabulation
results.
Foe instance. Nevada has thsss
Evening star., 1936-09-26

scope Of his acquaintance with mat
ters theatrical.
In The Theater of the Moment"
Nathan fools his eulogists by turn
ing journalistic, writing very much
rs . daily newspaper critic might
reflect upon the plays Of last sea.
son, the best actress at present in the
business, the personal peculiarities
Of playwrights and actors, the f0ibles
OF our popular dramas and other
chit chat. Mr.. Nathan writes no
immortal prose Of immortal drama
here, but sets forth in his usual au-
thoritative, belligerent style his ideas
on last weeks melodrama, Hecht and
Macarthur. Broadway and even the
cinema. q medium which as usual
inspires his heartiest scorn.
Perhaps the best-informed critic
Of our time. Mr.. Nathan still marshals
example and comparison to support
his arguments, still reveals q great
gift Of analysis. an ability to reduce
the words. lights, persons, costumes
and technique Of the craftiest drama
to their common denominator and
judge them on that level. Despite
his keen perceptions and command Of
facts, however, Nathan has the habit
of arguing an opinion up to q GER
tain point. then jumping about six
strides ahead of himself to bespeak q
prejudice.
His steadfast refusal, for example,
to acknowledge the merit in the
theater Of entertainment, as such,
his persistent pooh-poohing of the
claim that the films can ever earn
the right to be classed as an art,
constitute nothing more than an at
titude the author finds it expedient
to adopt, the sort of flubdubbery he
so cheerfully derides when it Is prac-
ticed by an actor or playwright with
intent to delude the populace. Sum-
ciently transparent to be harmless,
these poses are accompanied by
certain amount Of sound comment.
r. B. p, Jr,
Evening star., 1936-09-26

electoral votes and 90, 600 people. while
New York has - electoral votes and
nearly 100000 people. This means
that . vote cast by Nevadan counts
at east Tor nine times rs much Is
one cast by New Yorker tusing as
q basis the respective populations).
Again. OF the total number of adults
within q States borders, only IS, so
or even Is per cent Gas in some
southern States) may actually vote
at election time.
But many other "imponderabies"
TURK hidden in straw-poll returns
which, must be weighted"
The straw vote usually magnifies
the protest vote. The irate citizen,
bursting with political indignation,
gladly seizes the straw ballot and reg
listers his wrath by an adverse vote,
whereas supporters of the party in
power are content to wait compla-
Gently until the November election to
cast . vote Of Endorsement.
SiSos uuluucES VI SCTaW vOteS are
collected In September and early Octo-
Der, but the voters change their minds
by election time. Furthermore. It Is
much easier to bolt the party in .
straw canvass. but the voters heart
will fail him on election day, and he
will vote the straight ticket or stay
away.
Other variables to be reckoned with
are-the large numbers OF straw voters
who are not eligible to cast . legal
vote, ease oftentimes Of tampering or
manipulating returns and the geo.
graphical, sectional or class bias that
may creep into the returns when the
vote Is gathered non-selectively.
IN PRESIDENTIAL straw polls there
are usually two principal questions
asked on the questionnaire-ballot:
Whom do you faver now for President
and, whom did you favor for Presi-
dent IA ths pesvious slsctaons ~