Evening star., 1936-05-10
BY GAS,TON NERvAL.
bI OASION NEhVAL.
.HE premature publication Of the
text of the new United States
Panama treaty has resulted in

ME premature puDNcatl0n OF the
text of the new United States
Panama treaty has resulted in
= widespread discussion Of the
advantages and disadvantages to be
derived by the two countries. 1t is
impossible, however, to arrive at a
fair judgment Of the new pac. unless
one considers the whole BACKGROUND
OF United States Panama relations.
That background suggests that this is
q treaty OF rectification of past errors
and abuses of power, which proposes
to substitute regime of friendly and
profitable cooperation for one of mere
physical and military predominance.
With this fact In mind, it becomes
easier to understand the scope and
the main provisions Of the instrument
recently signed at Washington. Arbi-
trarily listed and condensed from the
technical and legal phraseology used
in the full text, such provisions may
be summarized as follows:
/. Acknowledgement of the sover-
eighty OF the Republic of Panama
through the abolition of the guaran-
te2 of independence contained in the
1908 treaty. Panama ceases to be a
1oreign-protected state and becomes
a fully-grown member of the COM
munity of independent nations.
Original Treaty Provisions.
z. Recognition Of the fact that the
canal being already constructed. the
provisions Of the original treaty only
nave in view the maintenance, use.
sanitation and defense of the canal.
8. Proclamation of the principle
that the benefits Of the canal must
be primarily for the two nations which
made it possible, Panama and the
United States.
4. Substitution of cooperation and
JOINT responsibility for tn unilateral
predominance heretofore exerted by
the United States.
D. Declaration that Panama already
mas complied with the obligation tn
permit the use Of all land and waters
necessary for construction. of the
canal.
6. Surrender by the United States
OF the right previously granted it by
Panama for the unlimited, unrestricted
and perpetual use of additional land
and waters and limitation of possible
lurther concessions to unforeseen con-
tlngencies which might interrupt the
operation of the cana.
Z. Provision for consultation and
agreement by the two parties in the
case OF such an emergency arising
instead OF the unilateral demand which
mas been, up to now, the privilege of
the United States.
0. restriction to fair limits of the
right to buy in the commissarists of
the Canal Zone.
y. Restriction Of residence in the
zone to persons actually working in
the operation of the canal or in some
way connected with its administra-
ton.
10. Prohibition of letting or sublet-
Ting houses in the Canal Zone to per-
sons who are not entitled to reside
therein.
IL. Cooperation of the United
States in the prevention of contraband
OF goods bought in the Zone commits
sariats.
II. Prohibition of private CONNER
cial. industrial or business activities
in the Canal Zone. other than those
OF the enterprises directly concerned
with operation of the Canal and al
ready established there.
Is. Permanent guarantee Of the
use of the docks and other port facili-
ties of the Canal Zone for the traffic
of passengers and merchandise be-