davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times., 1936-01-28

L Z . 4 5 II { VI, ANAA 9.
r i C h o lSon'S ap-
pointment W q S
an n oun ce d by
President Gwen E.
Duke
Mr.. Nicholson
owns and operates
a farm in Clay
County" Mr.. Duke
said. He has had
a long experience
in co-ope r a t v e
m a r k e ting and
particularly in CO.
operative credit,
having served as
cOorotoru 0f +La
The Indianapolis times., 1936-01-28
MAYOR KERN TO SPEAK
AT GROUNDING FROLIC
Unique Anderson Club Sets Feb.
for Annual Funniest.

Times Special
ANDERSON, Ind, Jan. 28-
Mayor Kern, Indianapolis, is to be
principal speaker at the thirty-sev-
enth annual dinner of the Madison
County Grounding Club of the
World, No. /, Feb, S, in the Elks'
Home here. He is to speak on THE
Grounding and His Companions.
The fun-seeking club is one OF
the pioneer organizations of its kind
in the country and between 300 and
400 members are expected.
Other speakers are to be Judge
Cleon Mount, Judge Charles E.
Smith, Harry G.. Neff, Phillip B,
O'Neill and DR.. V. G.. Mcdonald.
The Indianapolis times., 1936-01-28
81 TO GRADUATE AT
N0TRE DAME THURSDAY
Three Hoosiers Are Among Group
to Be Given Diplomas.

1hree Ho0sierS Are Among Group
to Be Given Diplomas.
Times Special
NOTRE DAME, Ind, Jan. 2S.-
Three Indiana students at the Uni
versity of Notre Dame are among
"a who are to receive diplomas for
completion Of their undergraduate
work Thursday.
They are Karl Dwyer Fulnecky,
Frankfort; Louis G. Nemeth, Gran
ger, and Daniel j. Youngerman
South Bend.
-Four varsity football players are
among the group. They are John
j. Robinson, Richard j. Pfefferle,
Fred c. Solari and Harry P. Becker.
Pfefferle is to remain to study law.
The Indianapolis times., 1936-01-28
Group to See Gridiron Pictures

Motion pictures of Big Ten foot
ball games, explained by A. N. (BO
McMillin, Indiana University foot
fall coach, are to feature the annual
father and son dinner of the Tab
ernacle Presbyterian Church Friday,
Feb. 7,
The Indianapolis times., 1936-01-28
GUARDSMEN APPROVE
STRIKERS COMMlSSARY
Meals to Be Served Union Workers
Of New Albany Plant.

By Jntted Press
NEW ALBANY, Ind, Jan. 28.-
Erection of a new commissary to
serve meals to striking union en-
ployes of the M Fine e. Sons
Shirt Manufacturing Company was
approved yesterday by National
Guardsmen enforcing martial law
in the area.
The troops closed the original
commissary near the plant last
week. Company employees went on
strike more than three months ago
in protest against an alleged 40
per cent wage reduction.
The Indianapolis times., 1936-01-28

and served there until 1925. He
wrote a novel, "Chechahaco and
Sourdough," several books and
magazine articles on Alaska and a
book of political remiscing.
He had been i'll since 1923.
The Indianapolis times., 1936-01-28
Emile, 22 h., 6 OF.

A YEAR AGO, Emile, as seen
4 n in lower photo, displayed a
decided bent for mischief. Today,
top photo, she is the most valorous
of the quins = adventurous and
brave a mos t to foolhardiness.
None of the babies takes more
quickly to new top or game than
Emile just a bit of a showoff,
Emilie's constant activity and
fearlessness characterize her as
pluckiest of the quins. And very
accomplished f1irt, too, if you
please!
The Indianapolis times., 1936-01-28
EVELYN FRECHETTE TO
BE FREED THURSDAY
Dillinger's Sweetheart to Take Pau
per's Oath in Detroit.

per's Oath in Detroit.
By United Press
DETROIT, Jan. %. - Evelyn
F'rechette, sweetheart of the slain
gangster, John Dillinger, who COM
pletes her one-year term in Milan
Federal Prison Thursday, is to be
brought here to take pauper's oath
before going free, it was learned
today.
Convicted of harboring a fugitive,
Miss F'rechette was unable to pay
her fine and must take a pauper's
oath before she receives the Gus
tomary railroad ticket home.
The Indianapolis times., 1936-01-28
|. U. OFFERS LECTURES

Information on World Affairs to Be
Subject.
Up-to- the minute information on
world affairs will be the subject of
a series of IL lectures offered by
Indiana University at the extern
sion center beginning Feb. IS.
Glasses will meet at 8 every
Thursday evening.
The Indianapolis times., 1936-01-28
Cecile, % h., 10 OF.

TINE AMAZING good nature
IL with which, one year ago,
Cecile, lower photo, endured pum-
melings at the hands of her more
vigorous sisters has evolved since
into a bonny sense of humor. With
a memory already working, Cecile,
now, top photo, displays the most
marked individuality of all the
babies. She's jolly. mischievous,
mpatient-and a bit of coquet.
When visitors are about she in
variably plays up" to them.
The Indianapolis times., 1936-01-28


secretary of the o. 1. Nicholson
Brazil National
Farm Loan Association and as presi-
ident of the Greencastle Production
The Indianapolis times., 1936-01-28
Annette, % lb., 3.5 OF.

TN ONE short year. the person.
i ality beginning to shape itself
when starry Annette, as pic
tured in lower photo, was the
mischief-maker of the nursery,
has done a complete about-face.
Now often called the prettiest,
most appealing quin, she fire.
quently looks so lonely that the
nurses simply must cuddle and
console her. And yet, at other
times, the new Annette top
picture, shows more initiative
than any of her sisters.
The Indianapolis times., 1936-01-28
Yvonne, % h., 12.5 OF.

TINE YVONNE of a year ago,
IL lower photo, was coquettish,
with flair for vain mannerisms.
Today, as pictured at top, the fir
tatiouSness has vanished in thin
air. In it's place is an abundance
of pep" with no trace of the
showoff. Without the slightest
prompting, for instance, she'll
cake fervently for her visi-
tors. In one way, though, Yvonne
hasn't changed. She still retains
her pudgy grip on the title, big
geSt n,lin."
The Indianapolis times., 1936-01-28
Marie, 10 h., 12.5 OF.

CTILL SMALLEST Of the ouin-
- tuplets, still the Madonna"
of the nursery, Marie, top photo,
has grown less reserved than she
was year ago, lower photo. While
she continues frequently to draw
into her shell of reserve, she is
often socially inclined and pats
cheeks affectionately And, too,
she has developed the strongest
will of the quins. No longer can
her sisters browbeat her. Marie,
her nurses chuckle, "gives as good
as she gets"
The Indianapolis times., 1936-01-28
PUBLICISTS

=. ] do NOT knosc srhaf sce
should do isifhoHf 10 >. Col
E, NJ. House, adviser to the late
President Woodror Wilson.
The Indianapolis times., 1936-01-28
STATISTICIANS

-. this remarkable book il
being used erery day in com piiiHg
our statistics. ~. de Tarno,esky,
Nafio.aI Recorerr Adminisfrotion.
The Indianapolis times., 1936-01-28

~ chOloTs, stdfesnten. business
men, jOuTndiis.s-men to nhons
accurate facts and figures are es-
sentidl-oH find the World A.
n,ondc an indispensable source
of Information.
Here's ohoi feic prominenf
people, enthusiastic users of the
World almanac, hare to say:-
JOURNALISTS
the book is most consuiied
BY editors and reporters :"
Kenneth Roberts, Journaiist and
Novelist.
SCHOLARS
The Wonder Book of all time
frank IF. Vizeteily, Editor.
STANDARD Dictionary.
EXECUTIVES
"host useful .''-He1berf n,
Lehman, Corernor of Nep York.
EDUCATORS
.. :. goes mifh me nhererer !
go !'-NichoIos Murray Butler.
President, Columbia University.
ENGINEERS
=. a source of daily use -
-DoUid Lynn, Architecf OF the
Capitol, Washingioz, ID. c.
SPECIALISTS
e.. specioiisfs Of the hieh-brorea
type :. refer to the Almanac on
subjects upon chich they are
themselves producing material"
Guy Fl. Mitchell. Librarian. u. S.
Geological Surrey. Department OF
the Interior. Washington, ID. c.
AUTHORS
-. from no,e On shall rely on
one reference book-the World
Almonac"-Hendpik Wilem Yam
Loon. Aufhor of Van Looms
Geography, etc.
STATISTICIANS
q. this remarkable book il
being used epery day in com piiiHg
our sfatisics. de Tarnolcsky,
Nafio.al Recovery Adminisfrohon.
PUBLICISTS
- do NOT knosc rhaf ce
should do isifhouf 10 >. Col
E, NJ. House, adviser to the late
President Woodror Wilson.
The Indianapolis times., 1936-01-28
SPECIALISTS
AUTHORS

:. from noie On shall rely on
one reference book-the World
Aimonac"-Hendrik Wilen Van
Loon, Author of Van Looms
Geography, etc.
Evening star., 1936-08-31
Spanish Leaders, Death Reports
Hint at Numerous Executions
Large Number Said to Haze "Died," In
cluding Kin of De Rivera and
Francois Flight COnpani0n.

tary leaders were prisoners in the
Madrid Jail at the time of their
death.
They were executed Immediately
after an unsuccessful attempt of 1000
prisoners to break from the Jail Au-
gust % by setting fire to the north
east wing.
Among those who "died," although
whether before firing squad or nat
ural death was not known here:
Gen. Edward Lopez Ochoa, leader
Of the forces which suppressed the As
turian revolt of october, 1884.
Lieut.. Fernando Primo de Rivera,
son of the former premier, Miguel
Primo de Rivera.
Mealquiades Alvarez, Fascist leader:
Jose Martinez de velasco, leader of
the agrarians.
Dico Avello, former minister of the
interior and high commissioner Of
Morocco.
Juan Ignacio Fanjul, son of the re-
Gently executed Gen Fanjul, an out
standing rebel leader who headed the
(see EXECUTIONS, Page A-S0
Evening star., 1936-08-31
Suit Would Force
P.O. to AUO,c Use of
Anti.Hearst Sticker
Retired Federal Yorker
accuses Officials of SIN
terfering' With Mail.

Postmaster Vincent c. Burke and
Postmaster General ton leave) James
A Farley are going to have to answer
in District Court for interfering with
the mail of DR.. D. N. Shoemaker, re-
tired horticulturist Of the Agriculture
Department, $500 Eastern avenue, Ia
koma Park.
In a bill for injunction filed today
through Attorney Frederick A. Ballard.
DR.. Shoemaker said he was desirous
of using some stickers on his mail
The postal officials say this contra
venes the law and have returned
one letter to which a sticker had been
stuck.
This, DR.. Shoemaker says, is a vio-
lation of his rights and he wants relief
from the courts.
The stickers say:
II don't read Hearst" ,----..----
Evening star., 1936-08-31
MOTOR|ST HUNTED
|NMYSTERY DEATH
Witness Tells of Seeing Man
Plunge From Running
Board of Car.

Police today were seeking an un-
identified out-of-town motorist for
questioning in the death of William
o. Baker, AZ, taxicab driver, who
either leaped, fell or was pushed
from the running board of moving
automobile at Fourteenth and y
streets last night.
Baker, who lived at 1408 North
Fillmore street, Clarendon, Va, died
in Emergency Hospital this morning
of a fractured skull without making
a statement to police. His body later
was identified at the morgue by a
neighbor, L. c. Lloyd.
Homicide squad detectives investi-
eating the case were informed by
Aubrey Twyman, 1882 v street, that
he saw a man believed to have been
Baker climb upon the running board
of a sedan on Fourteenth street
near L.
Woman Seen in Auto.
Twyman, who was in a street car
at the time, said the sedan was driven
by man and that woman in a
white hat sat in the front seat with
him. Twyman said the sedan drove
off with a second man hanging to the
running board.
The sedan moved north on Four
teenth street, and the man on the
running board plunged to the pave
ment near N street. One witness said
the woman rolled up the window, as
if trying to dislodge the man.
Baker was taken to the hospital by
Glenn H. Bowers. 6l5 A street south
east, a taxicab driver.
Detectives believe Baker and the
unidentified motorist had become in
volved in a dispute over some traffic
infraction. They were unable to un-
cover any information that Baker
knew the motorist.
Tag Clues Given.
A witness furnished police with 9
tag number said to have been white
on a red background. Police sale
four States have such numbers. Tht
witness was not positive of the license
numbers on the tag.
Bakers cab was found this morn.
ing parked on Fourteenth street with
the lights still burning. His wife sale
she had planned to report him miss.
ing shortly before police notified hel
of his death.
In addition to his wife Baker i.
survived by two sons, l8 and IA year
old.
Evening star., 1936-08-31
BY tee Associated Press.

MADRID (by courier to Hendaye,
France, August 31.-A man who
takes walk" in Spain walks to his
death.
Mortality has become increasingly
high among the figures prominent in
Spanish public life.
An ever growing number Of we'll
known personages have been reported
by the government as having died. +"
And the word "die" has come to
have the meaning of the expression,
taken for a walk" equivalent in the
United States to taken for a ride"
Since the civil war began between
the Madrid Socialist Government and
the Fascist rebels, the phrase has
taken on sinister significance.
Censorship at first allowed a men,
ton of these cases of DEATH" but
recently the list has grown so long
that no reference to them may be
made in Madrid.
Most of these, cases of death" came
to public notice only after the morgue
notified the families the bodies could
be claimed.
Several Of the political and mill
Evening star., 1936-08-31
PRESIDENT KEEPS
WATCH ON SPAIN
Drought ParIeys Interrupted
Till ThurSday-Goes
to Funeral.
By TIE Associated Press.

By tie Associated Press.
ABOARD ROOSEVELT TRAIN EN-
ROUTE TO SALT LAKE CITY. Utah,
August 31-Concerned over the at
tempted bombing of the American de-
stroyer Kane, off the Spanish coast,
President Roosevelt kept in constant
communication with Washington to-
day as he travelled toward Salt Lake
City to attend the funeral tomorrow
of Secretary of War George H. Dern.
His drought conferences will be in
terrupted until Thursday, when he
meets with Gov Alf NJ. Landon, Re-
publicans presidential nominee. and
the governors and Senators of six
other States at Des Moines, Iowa.
Minnesota and Wisconsin governors,
who originally were to have conferred
separately with the President, were
invited to the Des Moines meeting
Two stops for motor tours of drought
areas-two hours at Sidney, Nebr.,
where the train was due this morning,
and two hours at Julesburg Colo, late
Wednesday-were added to the presi-
dental schedule.
Told of Destroyer Bombing.
The President received word Of the
attempted bombing of the destroyer i'll
a telephone conversation with Secre-
tary Hull last night at Rapid City,
S. Oak, shortly after he had attended
the unveiling, high up on Mount Rush
more IN the Black Hills, of Gutzon
Borglum's image of Thomas Jefferson
Reporters were summoned by Mar
win Mcintyre, presidential secretary,
to receive summary of the incident
Mcintyre also announced the resig-
nation of Mrs. Ruth Bryan Owen
Rohde, American Minister to Den
mark, and its acceptance to permit
the daughter of the late William Jen-
nings Bryan to campaign as private
citizen" for the reelection of Mr..
Roosevelt.
The train is due in Salt Lake City
early tomorrow. After the funeral, the
President will leave late in the day
for Des Moines via Julesburg, Colo.
Twelve hours will be spent in Des
Moines. Friday he will dedicate a
bridge across the Mississippi at Han
nibal. Mo, at 10 am. then reboard
his train at Barry, Ill, arriving at
Springfield, Ill, early that afternoon
for drought conference.
Attends dwelling.
Mr.. Roosevelt drove to Mount Rush.
more yesterday after attending serv-
ices at the Rapid City Episcopal
Church.
From a valley below the huge me-
mortal busts Of Washington. Jefferson,
Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt that
Gutzom Borglum is carving on the
(See PRESIDENT, Page A-43
Evening star., 1936-08-31
f3S[A|N AS RESULT
|. 0FPETTYQ QUARREL
Posses Seek Ex-Convicts
Near Yreka, Scene of
1885 Lynching.
sy the Associated Press.

YREKA, Calf, August 3l.-Infu-
rated posses from this town where a
killer was lynched last year sought
two heavily armed brothers today foy
the clubbing and shooting to death
OF three men-outgrowth Of a quar-
rel over the tethering of horse.
Warned that the brothers, both
with prison records, carried high
powered rifles, the possemen flung
lines across seven roads in this Cali
fornia Oregon border region where
many points are SO isolated that a
measure of frontier law prevails.
One of the two officers slain only
a year ago had played the leading
part in attempting to prevent angry
citizens from dragging a killer out oi
the county Jail to the tree where he
was hanged.
The brothers, John H. Bright, 35
and Coke T. Bright, 80, were sought
as the men suspected of killing to
avoid arrest at the remote mining
settlement of Horse Greek yesterday
The brothers vanished into the rug
ged Siskiyou Mountains.
Bodies Left Behind.
They left behind the bullet-pierced
bodies of Deputy Sheriff Martin
Lange, 48, and Constable Joseph
Clark, IS. Of Yreka, and Capt. FREQ
Seaborn, So former Navy officer and
port pilot at Vallejo and Mare Island
Navy Yard.
The officers sought to arrest the
brothers at their mining claim, 35
miles north of Yreka, on an assault
charge brought by Capt. Seaborn and
his friend and vacation companion
Charles Baker. Baker said one of the
brothers struck Seaborn because he
tethered his horse in pasture near
where the Brights were camping.
Sheriff w. G. Chandler, directing
the man-hunt over one of the mos
rugged regions in the United States
received reports the Brights were
heading for Mount Sterling on the
California Oregon line.
Deputy Sheriff Lange, whose skull
was crushed by a rife butt and body
pierced by four bullets. played the
leading role in attempting to BLOCK
last years lynching.
Alone at the jail. he was over.
powered by the mob which seizec
Clyde L. Johnson August 3, 1885, anc
lynched him for the Staying of Chiei
of Police F. r. Daw of nearby Duns'
muir.
Baker, who fled for his life, tolc
Sheriff Chandler the officers and Sea
born found the Bright brothers asleel
under blankets beside Horse Creek.
Baker said John Bright resisted ar.
rest and Lange hit him.
Coke Bright then shot Constable
Clark in the back as he went to joir
Lange, Baker said. In the fight which
followed, Lange was struck down by
clubbed rifle and shot through tht
face and head.
Capt. Seaborn fell, with Lange'
pistol clutched in his hand, as bulle
pierced his skull.
Evening star., 1936-08-31
Jinxed in New Mexico for Second Time
by Crack-up.

GALLUP, N. Mex, August 81 P.-
Feeling lucky to be alive, Col. Roscoe
Turner left behind the wreckage Of his
speed plane and headed back to Los
Angeles today by train-jinxed in New
Mexico for the second straight year
in his effort to win the Bendix Air
Trophy.
A crash yesterday, caused by a
broken throttle. definitely eliminated
him from the New York-to-Los An
geles race. 1t was Turner's first in 10
years of flying.
1T seems just can't get over New
Mexico" Turner said, after escaping
with nothing worse than what he be-
lieved to be two busted ribs"
Last year refueling difficulties at
Albuquerque grounded him for the
extra minutes that cost him his chance
to win the coveted trophy.
Turner was flying at 10000 feet in
good weather to New York for the
start of the race when the engine of
his bullet Like plane stopped suddenly,
and he "just poured the plane in there
the best way I could" on little Zuni
Indian farm IS miles south of Gallup.
It bounced about is feet and turned
over a couple of times"
Evening star., 1936-08-31
MAJ. FRANCO HOLDS
POST AT EMBASSY
No Word About Change in At
tache's Status Received,
Secretary States.

Maj. Ramon Franco, Spanish avia-
ton hero, is still air attache of the
Spanish Embassy here, despite an an
nouncement made in Madrid 18 days
ago that he had been dismissed.
1--WE have never heard from Madrid
about any change in Maj. Frances
status" Don Luis de OlivareS, first
secretary of the embassy, said today
He made the disclosure after a re-
porter called to ask the whereabouts
OF Mai. Franco, brother of the Span
ish Fascist leader, to tell him of the
reported execution of Capt. Julio
Ruiz de Alba.
De Albo acted as Maj. Frances OBJ
server on his 1929 transatlantic
flight. Franco is out of town today,
however, with his whereabout undis-
closed
IT have been expecting the dis
missal at any time," Franco told The
Star August 13, when word was re-
ceived here of the action in Madrid.
Olivares said the embassy is in
constant communication with the Re-
publican government in Madrid, to
which it owes allegiance, but insisted
no mention of Franco ever has been
made.
Evening star., 1936-08-31
Presence of Mind of T,v0 Boys
Sapes Youth Buried IN Sand

worked desperately with his hands to
remove the earth from around the i'm
prisoned boys head. He cleared it
away sufficiently in about IS minutes
to remove all danger of suffocation.
Meanwhile, other playmates raced
to Richards home and informed his
father, owen O'Neil, of what had hap
pened. O'Neil hurried to the sand
bank while his wife called police. The
rescue squad and police aided in dig
ging the youngster out and he was
taken to Alexandria Hospital.
Except for sprained back he was
declared uninjured and was returned
to his home.
The boys father Is conductor for
the Richmond, Fredericksburg g. Po-
tornac Railway Co.
Evening star., 1936-08-31
SEVEN CARS HUNTED
IN BIG MAIL FRAUD
Mystery Shrouds Order to Police
and Postal Authorities to
Keep on Qui Vive.

Washington and Baltimore police
and postal authorities were on the
lookout today for seven automobiles
carrying tags of four States. in con-
nection with gigantic mail fraud"
Postal officials here declined to
comment on the matter, saying the
case was not ready for public an
nouncement. Baltimore postal au-
thorities reported they knew nothing
about it. Local police authorities re-
fused to comment, although an official
lookout" for the cars was issued.
The phrase 'igantic mail fraud" was
used in Baltimore police lookout no.
tice, it was said.
OF the seven cars, four bore Penn
sylvania license tags and the others
New York, New Hampshire and New
Jersey tags.
Evening star., 1936-08-31
STEPSON Of |CKES.
IS SHOT TO DEATH;
BELIEVED SUICIDE.
WiImarth Ickes, 81, Had
Been in III Hea|th-In-
quest Tomorrow.
BODY IS DISCOVERED
IN HOME NEAR CHICAGO
Secretary Takes Plane West.
Fatality on First Anniversary
of Death of Mother.
Hvtnf Associated Press.

BY tire Associated Press.
CHICAGO, August 31.-Wilmarth
Ickes, 37-year-old stepson of Secre-
tary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes,
was found shot to death today in his
stepfather's suburban Winnetka home
on the first anniversary of the death
of his mother, Mrs. Anna Wilmarth
1ckes.
Police Sergt. Harold Lewis of the
suburb said "uoquestionably it is sui
eide" The official said a SO auto
matte pistol was on Ickes' chest.
Young Ickes recently learned he
had tuberculosis. Interior Depart
ment officials said in Washington.
Winnetka police also thought he
might have brooded over the death of
his mother near Velarde, N. Mex,
when an automobile in which she was
riding was overturned.
Secretary Ickes Immediately boarded
a plane at Washington for Chicago.
Wilmarth Ickes' wife, the former
Elizabeth Dahlman of Milwaukee.
was notified of the tragedy as she
returned to Chicago from a lake
cruise. With her were their children,
Donald, 12 Anna, 10, and Barbara, 6.
Found by Caretaker.
The body was found by Eric Mag
nuson, gardener and caretaker of the
elder Ickes' estate.
The cabinet member formally
adopted Wilmarth after his marriage
to Mrs. Ickes. Wilmarth's father,
Prof. James Westphal Thompson,
then in the department of English
at the University of Chicago. was
divorced in 1909.
Magnuson had been in the habit
Of awakening Wilmarth each morn
ing. Today, Magnuson said, Ickes
was stretched across a bed, pistol
on his chest and a powder-burned
bullet hole through the right temple.
A few minutes later Mrs. Ickes and
the children arrived in Chicago and
the caretaker told them by telephone
of the tragedy. ...-s.s.-,s.,- - ..s-
Ickes' mother was an outstanding
Republican and had served several
terms in the Illinois House Of Repre-
SentativeS.
Besides his immediate family and
his foster-father, Wilmarth Is sur
vived by foster-brother, Robert
Ickes; a foster sister, Mrs. Requa M.
Bryant of Evanston, and half-broth-
er, Raymond Ickes, the son of the Sec
retary and his wife.
Capt. Harry c. Enault Of the VIM
netka police said his investigation
would be confined to questioning Mrs.
Ickes and DR.. Frank Blatchford, the
victims physician.
An inquest will be held at $50 am,
Eastern standard time, tomorrow in
nearby Evanston at an undertaking
(See ICKES, Page A-3J