davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1935-01-27
DOCTRINE HELD
OUTSIDE COURT DEBATE
Senators Declared to Be Confusing
True Principles With False
interpretations i'm Past.

mediation for the maintenance of
peace, involve colonization of Ameri-
can territory, oppression OF American
governments or extension Of the Eu-
ropean monarchial system to the
American continent?
The trouble is that those who invoke
the Monroe Doctrine against the
World Court are thinking not of the
real Monroe Doctrine. but of one Of
the many and capricious distortions
of 1t, one Of the corollaries which have
transformed it into something entirely
different from the original. They are
thinking of what may be called the
FrelinghuySen corollary to the Monroe
Doctrine and thus trying to preserve
or to revive-one of the gross miscon-
ceptions of it which Latin Americans
have recently been asked to forgive
and to forget.
In this sense they are contradicting
the Roosevelt-Hull policy Of good
neighborliness" which is attempting
to erase the i'll feeling left by so many
wrong uses of the Monroe Doctrine in
the past.
1882 Case Cited.
It was in 1882 that Secretary Of State
Frelinghuysen, protesting against a
cession of land by Uruguay to Brazil
and the possibility that it might bring
about European interference, set forth
this singular principle:
"The Department of State will not
sanction an intervention of European
states in South American difficulties,
even with the consent Of the parties.
The decision Of American questions
pertains to America ITSELF"
Although this was an obvious de-
parture from the original Monroe
Doctrine-an expression of the hege-
monic tendencies of the United States
which prompted it to lay down rules
for the conduct of international af-
fairs throughout the continental
that time the Monroe Doctrine had
already suffered so many transforma-
tions at the hands of Monroe's sue
cessors that the Freylinghuysen theory
was popularity accepted as logical
corollary of the famous policy of 1928.
After all 1t came after the Monroe
Doctrine had been used, or rather
misused, to oppose the transfer of
European colonies in the New World,
to oppose the maintenance Of the
balance of power in the American
continent, to help the aggrandize-
ment of the United States at the ex-
CONTINUED on Third Page.l
Evening star., 1935-01-27

are laborers spruced up for the eve
ming; there are q scattering Of men
whose clothes only tell that 1t has
been a long time since they have
had job.
Differ in Memories.
Only in their memories do they
differ from the rank and file Of men
approaching middle age. They can
all recall the days when flags flut-
tered, bands played and youth
marched to the beat Of the drum.
No few of them can recollect
camouflaged transports swarming
with troops, steaming to adventure
over a quiet sea where death lurked
below the water. And few Of them
you can't tell by their clothes or their
faces-saw men die around them, saw
blood and torn flesh scattered across
the battleflelds. In other words, they
had all seen war in some of its phases,
as it has been the unfortunate lot
of most every generation of men since
Evening star., 1935-01-27

cotton buyer. Italy Is growing cotton
in Eritrea, adjoining Ethiopia on the
other side of Lake Tsana from British
Sudan, but production there can never
be menace to the United States.
France is more a buyer of cotton than
a producer. Where will the nations
get their cotton? Hardly from the
United States at prices based upon
high production costs, diminished
working hours and curtailed acreage,
nor does the world appear to be relying
upon American cotton, for the evidence
of portentous movements toward self
production and self-independence can
not be refuted.
A startling indication of the trend
Of foreign cotton growing Is found in
recent report Of the Department Of
Commerce on the expectation of cot
ton gins by the United States from
1929 to 1888, both inclusive, showing
an aggregate value of 81 1,344,41e. 1t Is
not the magnitude Of this amount that
is sign of danger, but the steadily
progressing purchases over f1ve-year
period of equipment that can be for
only one purpose, the ginning Of cotton,
grown somewhere within the area
where cotton gins are set up.
The list of principle buyers OF gins
is as follows:
Brazil, $26S,140; Mexico, s232,536;
Peru, $136,955; Soviet Russia, $148,-
1856; United Kingdom, $66,358; Bel
GUM, for her Congo plantations,
S42,999; Australia, $33,438, and Tur-
key, $23,913.
Price Is Major Factor.
Frank Hayden, in Word Crops and
the Future Of American Cotton, pub
lished In 1881, says:
ANY attempt to forecast the future
Of the American cotton farmer must
take into consideration first the
quantity and character of production
both in America and in foreign coun-
tries and second, not only present
prices, but prices that have prevailed
in previous years"
It would seem that consideration
should be given also to the actual cost
Of production, with particular atten-
ton to the wide difference claimed to
exist between cotton growing In this
country and abroad.
The State Department plan to Sc
cure an international agreement for
worldwide reduction of cotton cul-
tivation might be of some help to
the United States, provided it in
cluded a fixed worldwide price high
enough to cover American costs with
some margin of profit. Even then the
profit accruing to low cost growers
by reason Of an American fixed stand
ard price would be considerably
greater than the profit to our own
growers.
Moreover, as all foreign cotton
growing countries, including our
neignbors, Mexico, Brazil and Peru,
have recently made heavy invest
ments for cotton cultivation, some in
cluding large irrigation projects and
others less costly, it would see thsre
might be some hesitancy on their part
to scrapping cotton fields on a parity
ratio basis somewhat akin to naval
parity plans.
Meanwhile It is Just as well to keep
sharp eye on Lake Tsana in
Ethiopia.
Evening star., 1935-01-27

members of the United
| States Senate who have been
endeavoring to use the Monroe
i doctrine as a weapon, as q
Evening star., 1935-01-27

CONTINUED on Third Pege.)
Evening star., 1935-01-27
BY DONALD A. HOBART,

BY DONALD A. HOBART,
National Commander American Veterans
Association.
THE auditorium-let 1t be any
where in the United States to-
days well filled with ex-
Il service men come to hear a
discussion of the bonus legis-
lation now before Congress. Both
sides are represented on the platform.
THE bonus must be paid at once;
1t is right" cries speaker. His re-
mark is greeted with demonstration
of approval from portion Of the
audience to whom cheers are virtually
automatic when bonus payment is
mentioned.
The opposing speaker opens, pay
ment of the bonus is unjust to dis
abled veterans, to the dependents of
actual battle casualties" Jeers, cat
calls and a few stalking from the
Evening star., 1935-01-27
BY GASTON NERVAL.


"HOSE members of the United
States Senate who have been
endeavoring to use the Monroe
i doctrine as a weapon, as a
magic talisman to oppose rati-
fcation of the World Court protocol,
have been, consciously or unconscious-
ly, encouraging one Of the greatest
and most widespread misinterpreta-
tions of the famous doctrine laid down
by James Monroe in 1928.
Alleging that adherence Of the
United States to the World Court
would result in permitting European
powers to take part in the solution
of South American controversies, they
have claimed that the Monroe doc
trine forbids such a thing and provides
that the preservation of peace in the
American continent is purely the con-
Germ of the American republics. Some
of them have gone so far as to contend
that entrance into the World Court
would mean the REIMBURSEMENT by the
United States Of "its rights under the
Monroe doctrine to be the guardian
of peace in the Western Hemisphere" 4"
Countries Approve Course.
Apart from the fact that, after all.
it is up to the South American gov
ernments themselves to decide whether
they will allow European powers to use
their good offices In maintaining South
American peace, not to the Senate Of
the United States-and the mere pres
ence of those countries both in the
World Court and in the League Of Ma
tions shows that they have already de-
cided in favor Of 1.-THE theory that
the Monroe doctrine prevents the
United States from sactioning such a
course, is both fallacious and mislead-
ing.
The original Monroe doctrine, the
authentic Monroe doctrine. embodied
exclusively these two principles:
First, non colonization Of the Amer
ican continent by European powers,
and,
Second, non-interposition by Euro
pean powers for the purpose of op-
pressing, or controlling in any other
manner, the destiny Of the American
republics, or for extending their po-
litical system to this hemisphere.
How can the simple participation OF
European governments in interna-
tional efforts to restore peace between
two or more South American nations
conflict with such principles? Does a
rendering Of good Offices or even
Evening star., 1935-01-27
Strikes at Soldier Bonus

Would Hinder Relief Work and Bring Initiation, Declares
Head of Veterans Associaon-Foresees Suffering.
Evening star., 1935-01-27
Object to Forts.

To that, of course, the French will
not agree. Nor will they consent to
the construction in the Saar of Ger
man system of Notifications facing
their own. Such a system constructed
on the right bank of the Rhine fac
ing Strasbourg would hold that great
city to ransom. That is why the de-
bate over German rearmament is
likely to be prolonged indefinitely with
out any very decisive results. AS for
the Germans, they are sure to demand
parity in this respect as detail in any
final settlement of the armament issue.
Alike in the armament and the
Austrian questions, however, it is nee
essary to recognize that-as a question
of abstract right contrasted with
practical politics-the Germans have
the better case. There can be no
justification in right of any attempt
to deny to one great people on the
strength of military defeat in war
the power to fortify its frontiers and
organize its military forces as it
chooses. Such an attempt constitutes
an obvious invasion Of sovereignty and
The Washington times., 1935-04-02
CAR REROUT|NG
To SPEED UP:
TRAFFIC
Four Tracks on Fourteenth st.
And New York Ave. to Be
Reduced to Two

Acting to simplify the down
town traffic snarl and provide
faster transportation on street
cars during rush hour periods, the
Public Utilities Commission today
ordered the Capital Transit Com
pany to make. track changes cost
ing approximately $750,00O.
Under the commissions order
the four tracks on New York
Avenue and Fourteenth Street
from New York Avenue to H, in
the central section of the city will
be reduced to two tracks to pro-
vide automobile traffic a quicker
egress from the center of the city.
LOOPS" Eliminated
Street cars travelling south on
Fourteenth Street to the Depart
mentS of Commerce and Agricul-
ture and the Bureau of Engraving
area will be routed directly down
Fourteenth Street through elm
ination of the present loop along
New York Avenue into Fifteenth
Street to Pennsylvania Avenue.
The Commission ordered extern
sion of tracks now terminating at
Fifteenth and G Streets to con.
meet with the Fifteenth Street
trackage so that street cars can
be routed from G Street into the
Pennsylvania Avenue line.
New Routes Specified
Street car lines from the upper
northwest section would take the
following routes under the order:
Cars designated for Rosslyn
and Georgetown will travel down
Fourteenth Street to New York
Avenue, turning west into New
York Avenue to continue west
along Pennsylvania Avenue.
Cars designated for the south
east section will continue straight
down Fourteenth Street to Penn
sylvania Avenue, turning west at
the Avenue.
Cars from the Mt. Pleasant Sec
ton will cut down Connecticut
Avenue to Seventeenth Street and
will proceed down Seventeenth
Street to Pennsylvania Avenue.
Cars from the Chevy Chase sec
ton will continue down Connect
cut Avenue to H Street, turning
east on H Street to Fourteenth
Street, where they will be routed
down Fourteenth Street to Penn
sylvania Avenue.
Tracks Abandoned
The commission ordered aban-
donment of tracks along E Street
between Eleventh and Fourteenth
Street.
Routing of street cars along G
Street over the newly extended
trackage will be apportioned so
as to relieve congestion on other
trackage during rush hours.
It is estimated that work on the
trackage changes can be begun
within three months
The Washington times., 1935-04-02
F, J. Robinson
Ends ~ Years.
u, s. Service

More than A years ago Frank
lin j. Robinson, a farm boy from
near Lockport, N. Y, came to
Washington to accept a minor
clerkship in the old Pension
Office.
Tomorrow he leaves the Vet
Grams Administration after a
career that has included service
as examiner, reviewer and 10
year term as chief of a division.
Mr.. Robinson came to Wash
ington November 49,, 1890. He
has lived in Hyattsville through
out his Federal service. He OBJ
served today that it was a tiny
town of 400 at that time, with
no car or bus service.
The veteran employee, who will
be 10 April Is, said today:
81 intend to go easy and have
a good time. / think I've worked
long enough to deserve a rest.
have a nice place in Hyatts-
vile. This fall / think I'll visit
my two sons, one of them in
Omaha, Neb., and the other I'm
Dallas, Tex"
Mr.. Robinson has two married
daughters in Washington.
The Washington times., 1935-04-02
SET tiles
BOND SUIT

The daring robber of the
Washington Savings Bank, now
defunct, in which the door of
the safe deposit vault was blown
off, was recalled in District
Supreme Court today with the
settlement of the suit of Carl j..
Pooh, for the loss of a quantity
of bonds that were stolen at the
time.
Mr.. Pooh, appearing as COM
mittee for the estate of Frank
Pooh, a patient at the Veterans
Hospital at Perryville, Va, Jared
better than depositors of the
closed institution, the assets of
which have been taken over by
the Hamilton National Bank. His
claim, for $4,000, was settled by
agreement with Roger j. White
ford, counsel for Receiver Norman
r. Hamilton, for $4,000. William
B. Wolf represented the COM
mittee.
The Washington times., 1935-04-02
Piscataway Citizens
Don't Want Police
VIM. D. sTRoHMEYER

Out in the Piscataway district,
near Upper Marlboro in Prince
Georges county, Piscatawayians
are all worked up.
First the county commissioners
abolished the town constables and
then under the new State law
prepared to appoint more county
police to preserve law and order.
But today came an anonymous
letter, signed "Citizens of the
Piscataway District" telling the
commissioners that Piscataway
and environs do not need any
policemen, it being a law-abiding
community. The letter read:
"In time of this depression we
think extra expenses should be
avoided. This section has never
been protected and we dan't see
why it should be started now"
The Washington times., 1935-04-02

That started things. Various
citizens declare pointedly they
would like to know names of the
letter writer's. What maner of
men are they, they ask, who are
opposed to police protection.
William R. Dyer, postmaster
said the letter was fantastic. "
Rudolph Adler, another leading
citizen exclaimed:
ut wouldn't hurt bit to have
a policeman from this area on
the enlarged force. We GER
tainIy can notice the difference
when we haven't any protection
at ALL"
P. S.-Many of the towns lead
ing citizens are backing John
Dent, jr., for a job as policeman
from the Piscataway area. A
fight is in prospect for the next
meeting of the commissioners.
The Washington times., 1935-04-02
D.C.POOLW WATER
REPORTED SAFE.

Officials of the District Health
Office today announced that rec
ords kept of the condition of the
water in the municipal swimming
pools in the Monument grounds
reveal satisfactory bacterial counts.
At the request of Miss Sibyl
Baker, director of District play
grounds, DR.. George c. Rutland,
District health officer, stated that
COLONIZATION has, apparently, ef-
fectively controlled the quality of
the water supply"
Surgeon General H. S. Cum
ming reported to Miss Baker that
United States Public Health Serv-
ice has at no time condemned
or declared insanitary the swim,
ming pool on the Monument
grounds"
The Washington times., 1935-04-02
Mrs. Maude Horn
Dead at Museum

Mrs. Maude Horn, wife of
Thomas H. Horn, of the Division
of Vertebrae Paleontology, of the
National Museum, died suddenly
yesterday at the museum, where
she had gone to get her hus-
bands pay, the latter not having
gone to work yesterday.
She was taken to Emergency
Hospital following her collapse in
the museum lobby and pronounced
dead upon arrival.
The Washington times., 1935-04-02
369,880 NAMES
| IN NEW CITY
DIRECTORY
From Mrs. G. M. Aaberg
To Albert J. ZyvoIoski;
Increase Is 85,040

AS luck would have it, three EN-.
ployes of the AAA lead the alpha.
betical list of the new city direc,
tory, which appeared in Washing,
ton today. 1t contains 369,88O
names, breaking all previous rec.
ords.
Those who lead the parade in
the 2,878-page volume are Mrs.
Gwendolyn M. Aaberg, George A.
Aaker and Cary w. AL.
Sliding to the bottom of the
alphabet, Albert j. ZyvoloSki, a
clerk who lives in East Riverdale,
Md, brings up the rear. His name
is preceded by that of Eiitiroo
zyoo, an attache of the japanese
Embassy.
Long Near Johnson
Senator Huey Long and Gen.
Hugh S. johnson, arch foes over
the radio networks, dwell in
peace within the covers of the
city's largest directory, removed
by only one letter of the
alphabet.
AS usual, the Smiths occupy
the most space with As columns,
but the Johnsons step in ahead
of the Joneses, with SO columns
compared to the latter's 20. The
Thompsons have mere Is
columns, with the Whites close
behind with IA.
Blacks, Browns and others of
the spectrum are well represented,
as are the Sugars, Sweets and
Sewers. There are three Quarrels,
one Noise, one Fiery, three Show
mans, 81 Crooks, two IdlerS, one
Working, three Brains, two Trusts,
six Idols and IS PaganS.
With the possible exception of
the London and New York
volumes, WaShington's directory
contains the names of more
celebrities than any other. It
contains those of men and
women who run the country, as
well as the outstanding diplomats
of other lands.
Shows Big Increase
The current issue contains $685.
$50 names, as compared with 1884,
$40 names in 1928.
The city's First Citizen is listed
as follows:
Roosevelt, Franklin DelanO
(Eleanor). President of the
United States. The White
House."
There are four other Roosevelts
listed, including another Eleanor
Eleanor K, at 1923 @ st. N. w,
There also are Henry L. Roosevelt,
Assistant Secretary of the Navy
1923 @ st. N. w.; Elliott RooSe'
welt, son of the President, listed
as vice president of the Aero
nautical Chamber of Commerce OF
America, Inc, with residence at
Leesburg, Va, and Ida Roosevelt.
a clerk, 1928 Tenth St. N. w.
The Washington times., 1935-04-02
Jewish Veterans
Laud Hearst Press

A resolution endorsing the
Hearst publications in their
expose and vigorous denunciation
of communistic activities in the
schools, colleges and other insti-
tutions in this country" was
adopted last night by the Jewish
War Veterans, Post No. SO.
The association also declared
it's faith that the Hearst papers
will accomplish the desired
results"
The Washington times., 1935-04-02
Fl n ncia |
Conics,Sports
Jump Sum Increase Adds III I'D. e. Police
EFFECT OF REROUTING
ORDER

Eliminates quadrupIe track
ing Of Fourteenth Street, re-
ducing tracks to two.
Eliminates quadruple track
ing also of New York Avenue.
Provides direct route down
Fourteenth Street for street
cars SOuthbOund on Four
teenth by eliminating present
loop around New York Ave
nue., Fifteenth Street, and
Pennsylvania Avenue.
Eliminates tracks on E
Street between Eleventh and
Fourteenth Streets North
west, which now travel
against traffic on one-way
street.
The Washington times., 1935-04-02
50 COLLEGIATE
AV|ATORS OPEN
FARLEY HERE
Group Plans to Organize
Clubs All Over Nation;
Map National Meet

With the formation of a ma.
tional intercollegiate flying club
as their goal, So men and women
collegiate aviatorS, representing
flying clubs in 10 colleges and uni
versities today opened the first
annual intercollegiate Flying Club
conference at the Lee House no.
tel.
Arriving from every section of
the country-many by plane-the
youthful filters lost no time in for
mulating a program for setting
up a national organization.
With William D. Strohmeier,
Amherst delegate, in the chair, it
was decided to lay plans for a
national intercollegiate air meet
in which all colleges will be in
vited to participate. The meet
would be under direction of the
National Aeronautical Association,
under whose auspices the conVen-
ton is being held.
Purpose Outlined
Delegates we're unanimous in
the belief that through the
medium of such a meet the
clubs purposes would be best
advanced. AS outlined by spokes-
men of the college clubs these
are to intensity interest in
aviation among he youth of the
country and to form a flying
association in every school in
the land.
A nationwide drive to lead the
United States back to world
supremacy in the air was an
nounced to the collegians by
Senator William G. McAdoo 3D.,
California, president of the Ma
tional Aeronautical Association,
in congratulating the conference
on its plans. He stated:
"All aviation interests in the
country are to be cOOrdinated
in a campaign this year to re-
gain the worlds major air
records, promote air travel, and
increase public interest in the
whole field of aerOnautics
through national and local edu-
catiOnal efforts"
VIDAL BACKS PROGRAM
Eugene Vidal, Bureau of Air
Commerce chief, was enthusiastic
in approving the program of the
students, saying:
organizations such as yours
are of inestimabIe value in the
development of air commerce
and civilian aviation"
Brig. Gen. F.. R. Cheney, rep
resenting the Army Air Corps,
and Comdr. P. N. L. Bellinger,
of the Bureau of Aeronautics
of the Navy, greeted the young
filters.