davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

EIUNIE, across the Adriatic from
l. Italy, has Gabrielle D'Annun-
zio, Italian poet and dramatiSt, to
thank for its independence. The
allies had seized the city from
Hungary during the World War and,
while Italy and Yugo-Slavia wran-
gled over its possession, D'Annunzio
led force into Fiume and took
control.
The Treaty of Rapallo made
Fiume independent, but D'Annun-
zio defied the powers for more than
year. even declaring war on his
own country. But Italians bonn
barded the city and D'Annunzio fed
One of the stamps of Fiume that
depict this incident is shown here,
an Italian sailor raising the Italian
flag over the city.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-01-02
Questions and Answers

Question: Can a Russian worker
who does not belong to the Com
munist Party of the Soviet Union
vote for representatives in the
Soviet government?-socialist SYM
pathizer.
Answer; Article SO Of the Consti-
tuition Of the U. S. S. r. says that
"the right to vote and to be elected
at the elections for the Soviets
shall be enjoyed irrespective Of sex,
religion, race, nationality, residence
and so forth by the following citi-
zens of the Union of Socialist
Soviet Republics who shall have at
tanned the age of eighteen years on
the date of the election.
"a) All persons who earn their
livelihood by engaging in produc-
tive, socially useful labor. and all
persons who are engaged in house
hold work which enables the afore-
mentioned persons to perform their
productive work,
"b) The members of the Red
Army and Red Navy;
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-01-02

"c) Citizens who belong to any
category enumerated above but vino
are unable to work owing to dis
ablement."
1t n tn lore be seen that the
right to vote and be elected is en-
joyed by all citizens except thoss
fragments Of the old Czarist regime
who are socially useless, or hostile
to the workers state. But the
restrictions against these elements
have been progressively removed as
they reeducated themselves and be-
came useful members of society.
So broad is workers democracy
under the proletarian dictatorship
that the right to vote and be
elected is extended to foreign born
workers engaged in productive labor
in the Soviet Union. At the recent
Soviet elections in which ninety per
cent of the citizens voted many
foreign workers including Ameri-
cans were elected to the Soviets by
their Russian comrades in recogni-
ton Of their efforts in behalf Of
socialism.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-01-02

oo-wEAF--Play-Three cornered Moon,
with Mary Pickfore, Actress
wOR-Lone Rsnger-sketch
WJz-Penthouse Party; Marx Hel-
linger. Gladys Glad; Peggy Flynn,
Comedienne; Travellers Quartet;
Coleman Orch; Ruth citing, Songs
s;l5WABC-Edwin c. Hill, Commentator
:30WEAF-wayne King orch.
WOR-Vsriety Musicale
WJZ-Lanny Ross, Tenor: Salter
Orch; Consuelo De Lamar, Songs
WABC-Everett Marshall. Baritone;
Elizabeth Lennox. Contralto;
Mixed Chorus; Arden Orch.
500 EAF-Fred Allen. Comedian: James
Melton. Tenor Hsyton Orch.
woR-Hillbilly Music
WJz-20,O0O Years in Sing Sing
Sketch, with Warden Lawes
WABc-Stevens Orch
9;30-WOR-Ssndrs svensks Soprano
WJZ-John Charles Thomas Baris
tone; Concert Orch
WABc-George Burns and Gracie
Allen. Comedians
e.45-WOR-Garber Orch
:oo-WEAF-Lombsrdo Orch
WOR--Literary Justice-Sketch
wJz-Paul Wittgenstein, Piano
WABC-Broadcast To and From Byrd
Expedition
Acknowledgement Events-H. E. Read
WJz-Beauty--Mme. Sylvia; Speaker.
Kathryn Dougherty, editor, Photo
play Magazine
f0.30WEAF-One Mans Family-Sketch
wOR--Variety Musicale
WJZ-Denny Orch; Harry Rich
man, Songs
WABC-Mary Eastman. Soprano:
Evan Evans. Baritone
l;00-WEAF-Berger Orch.
WOR-Nevs
WJz-Kemp Orch
WABC-Belasco Orch
i.i5-wEAF-Robert Royce, Tenor
wOH--Moonheams Trio
t.3o-WEAF-Danc. Music iAlso woR.
WIZ, WABCl
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-01-02

the constructive movements, all the
constructive forces in one line as
much as possible. 1t seems to me
that I am more to the Left than
you, Mr.. Stain; l think the old
system is nearer to its end than
you think.
Opposite Poles
STAIN: In speaking of the capt.
talists who strive only for profit,
only to get rich, 1 do not want to
say that these are the most worth
less people capable of nothing else.
Many of them undoubtedly possess
great organizing talent, which I do
not dream Of denying. We Soviet
people learn a great deal from the
capitalists. And Morgan, whom you
characterize so unfavorably, was
undoubtedly good, capable organ
izer But if you mean people who
are prepared to reconstruct the
world, of course you will not be
able to find them in the ranks of
those who faithfully serve the cause
of profit. We and they stand at
opposite poles.
he is capable organizer of pro-
duction But don't you know his
attitude towards the working class?
Don't you know how many workers
he throws on the street? The capt.
talist is riveted to profit, and no
power on earth can tear him away
from it.
Capitalism will be abolished, not
by organizers" of production, not
by the technical intelligentsia, but
by the working class, because the
aforementioned strata do not play
an independent role. The engineer,
the organizer of production does not
work as he would like to, but as
he is ordered, in such a way as to
serve the interests Of his employers.
There are exceptions, of course;
there are people in this stratum
who have not awakened from the
intoxication af capitalism. The tech
meal intelligentsia can, under GER
tain conditions, perform miracles
and greatly benefit mankind. But
it can also cause great harm.
Ito Be Continued
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-01-02

Of liberal capitalism, which had re-
ceived their ideal insurgent express
sion in the Rights of Man and the
slogans of Liberty, Equality and
Fraternity" and then reached their
consolidation in the framework of
the national states, constitutional
government and international trade,
appeared to the new rulers, TO the
bourgeoisie. as the apex of human
development.
But the negative side of the rule
of capitalism was already appearing
For the masses of the working pop
ulation the slogans of Liberty,
Equality and Fraternity" revealed
themselves as an empty pretense,
covering only the substitution of the
rule of one class by that of another;
the masses remained in conditions
Of grinding toll, poverty and servi-
tude. The anarchy of production
and distribution; the recurrent
crises; the linitless extremes and
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-01-02

as an active independent factor in
gathering mass revolts, confused at
first, but already showing an increas-
ing political aim and consciousness.
most notably in the early move
ments of revolutionary trade union
ism and Chartism in England. The
bourgeoisie now turned more and
more clearly from its former revolu-
tionary role to counter revolution
airy role, as the defender of the
existing order against the new
forces.
Alongside the beginnings of work
ing class revolt, the critique of capt.
taIsm began to appear. One school
turned to medieval hankerings Gar
lyle in England or vague humani-
tartan aspirations (SismondD. An
other school endeavored to look for
ward to new social order and
evolved the early theories of ITO
plan Socialism (St. Simon, Fourier,
OVEN.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-01-02

WELLS: But are there not many
people who are not poor, but who
work and work productivity?
STAIN: OF course, there are
small landowners. artisans, small
trades, but it is not these people who
decide the fate of country, but
the toiling masses, who produce all
the things society requires.
Different Capitalists
WELLS: But there are very diff
ferent kinds of capitalists. There
are capitalists who only think about
profit, about getting rich; but there
are also those who are prepared to
make sacrifices. Take old Morgan,
for example He only thought about
profit; he was parasite on society,
simply; he merely accumulated
wealth But take Rockefeller. He
is brilliant organizer; he has set
an example or how to organize the
delivery of oil that is worthy of
emulation. Or take Ford. OF course
Ford is selfish. But is he not a
passionate organizer of rationalized
production from whom you take les
sons?
1 would like to emphasize the
fact that recently an important
change in opinion towards the
U.S.S.R. has taken place in English
speaking countries. The reason for
this, first of all, is the position of
Japan and the events in Germany
But there are other reasons besides
those arising from international pol
itics There is a more profound
reason, namely, the recognition by
many people of the fact that the
system based on private profit is
breaking down. Under these circum-
stances. it seems to me, we must
not bring to the forefront the an
tagonism between the two worlds
but should strive to combine al
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-01-02
The Fate of Country Is Decided by the Toiling
Masses, Who Produce All the Things
Society Needs, Says Stain

and have thought of the need for
conducting propaganda in favor of
cialism and cosmopolitanism
among wide circles of engineers,
airmen. military technical people,
etc. 1t is useless approaching these
circles with two-track class war
propaganda These people under
stand the condition of the world.
They understand that it is a bloody
muddle, but they regard your simple
class war antagonism as nonsense.
Rich and Poor
STAIN: You object to the sim
plified classification of mankind into
poor and rich. Of course there is
a middle stratum. there is the tech
nical intelligentsia that you have
mentioned and among which there
are very good and very honest peo-
pie. Among them there are also
dishonest and wicked people, there
are all sorts of people among them.
But first of all mankind is divided
AiAOO 4ASll o1ll AJOOls lAlbO PlOpCl W
owners and exploited; and to abb
stract oneself from this fundamental
division and from the antagonisn
between poor and rich means alb
stracting oneself from the funda-
mental fact.
I do not deny the existence of
intermediate, middle strata which
either take the side of one or other
of these two conflicting classes, or
else take IN neutral or semi-neu-
trail position in this struggle. But,
l repeat, to abstract onself from
this fundamental division in society
and from the fundamental struggle
between the two main classes means
Ignoring facts. This struggle is
going on and will continue. The
outcome of the struggle will be de-
termined by the proletarian class.
the working class.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-01-02
LABORATORY
and SHOP B. David Ramsey

aged before being nodded into
wares. Mr.. Clicks researches we're
directed at determining the validity
Of the theory.
He divided freshly prepared clays
into two series. The samples in
one series we're sterilized and all Of
them we're then incubated at tenn
peratures favorable to the growth OF
bacteria. He discovered that the
quality Of the unsterilized clays i'm
proved as much in one week as the
sterile ones did in two months.
Bacterial activity was greatest in
clay having an organic matter con-
tent OF from five to six per cent.
Mr.. Click reported that other in
fuences are at work. but their ef-
feet is slight when compared to the
activity Of the bacteria.
A NEW STREPToCoCCUs
A new member of the dangerous
germ family-the streptococci, has
been found in the Threats Of per-
sons suffering from rheumatic in
lection and a certain type Of kidney
disease. Drs. P. H. Long and E. A.
Bliss of the Johns Hopkins Medical
School report that the new strep-
tococci are much smaller than the
other members of their family. But
the frequency with which they are
found in the Threats Of victims Of
the diseases mentioned above in
dicstes that they may be as harmful
as their larger relatives. It had
been thought that the larger strep-
tococci were the causes Of rheu-
matte infection. this particular kind
of kidney trouble and various other
diseases.
The HOPKINS investigators found
in two instances that the sole cause
of pus infections was the smaller
streptococci. They were found in
the Threats Of four-fifths of a group
Of patients suffering from a par
ticular kind Of kidney disease. and
in the Threats of half the patients
having rheumatic infection. They
were rarely found in the throats of
patients i'll with chronic diseases or
acute infections. In people who are
well the number Of the small strep-
tococci is only from one-third to
one-half Of the big germs. But in
persons suffering from the diseases
that have been mentioned the min
ute organisms greatly outnuunber
the larger streptococci. It is thought
by Drs. Long and Bliss that their
findings may have considerable i'm
portance in determining the causes
Of the kidney disease and the rheu-
matte fever
FLYING AND ICE HAZARDS
In the midst Of winter pilots have
to face ice weather which may force
down planes due to sudden conden-
sation on the wings. The weight Of
the ice that is formed is not so Sc
rious as the change of airf1ow which
robs the plane Of its lift and in
creases the drag on the ship.
Some planes are equipped with
distended rubber covers over the
leading edges of the wings. In ice
weather these blow up and debate
about once minute As they coll
lapse the ice cracks up and is beaten
of with a Tapping stick. This de-
vice has been found very successful.
But weather forecasting is still Of
primary importance to the pilot.
With air mass analysis it is possible
to communicate to the pilot what
regions to avoid and how high to
fly If he must pass through dam
gerous locality.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-01-02

The Utopian Socialists criticized
the evils Of capitalism and advo-
Gated a cooperative social order, but
without any clear conception Of So
cial development, addressing them
selves primarily to the governing
bourgeoisie, who had no use for
them, and deploring the class strug-
gle which could alone realize their
aims.
AT THE same time, the develop
n ment of thought and philosophy
showed that the conditions were ripe
for new stage of advance. Bour-
geois thought was reaching the
limit of its development and begin
ming to exhaust itself. The culmina-
ton of bourgeois classical philos-
ophy was reached with Hegel in the
first quarter Of the nineteenth CEN
tury.
Hegel achieved a profound revolu-
tionary work in destroying the sub
jective idealisms, dogmatic presup-
positions and empirical skepticisms
of his predecessors, and establishing
for the first time critical, obiec-
tive understanding of the universe,
life and society and a systematic
interconnected process of develop
ment, advancing dialectically thru
contradiction and conflict to new
forms, the laws of which process
could be understood and mastered.
of the process still in the mystical
ideal sphere; just as he left the
state mystically outside and above
the civil society of which it was in
reality the outcome and reflection.
His philosophy thus still suffered
from idealism, was not completely
critical and scientific, and newt
ably ended in mysticism and reac-
ton, as a buttress Of the Prussian
monarchy.
Nevertheless. his was the last
great philosophical system of the
bourgeoisie; after him, bourgeois
philosophy apart from the left
Hegelian, Feuerbach, the material
isO passed to irrational subjectiv-
ism, empiricism, eclectic piecing to-
gether of fragments, and a good
deal of charlatanry.
IN THE same way, the elimination
of the school of classical econo-
mists of the bourgeoisie was reached
with Ricardo in the first quarter of
the nineteenth century. The CLASH
cal economists had endeavored to
work out a scientific analysis of the
economic basis of the new society.
But they we're tied by their uncon-
sciouS presuppositions of the bour-
geois order, which they assumed as
a natural eternal order, and became
in consequence hopelessly entangled
in the inability to discover scien-
tific explanation of rent, profit and
interest.
Thereafter, bourgeois economics
abandoned the attempt to be a
science, and confined itself to the
empirical level of market calcula-
tions. with the consequent complete
impotence to understand or predict
major economic processes, which has
made it a laughing stock today.
ITO be continued)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-01-02
T u n IN G. IN

TOO wEAF-Piekens Sisters. Songs
WoR-Sports Resume-Stan Lomax
WJZ-Amos n Andy-Sketch
WABC-Myrt and Marge-Sketch
:15-WEAF-Martin Orch.
WOR-Lum and Abner-Sketch
Plantation Echoes
WABC-Just Plain Bill-sSeteh
7: 30 WEAF-Gould and Shelter, Piano
WOR-Harry Stockwel, Baritone;
Basil Ruysdael. Narrator
WJZ-Red DaviS-Sketch
WABC-The O'Neills-Sketch
Observation-Disclosures Ezra-Sketch
WOR-Leyitow Ensemble
WJZ-Dangerou Parsdise-Sketoh
WABC-Boake Carter, Commentator
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-01-02
Life and Teachings of VI. Lenin
By R. PAINE DUTT

At that time the basic contradic-
tons of existing society had come
already strongly to the front.
The long series of middle-class
revolutions Of the preceding period
had established the political power
Of capitalism in the leading coun-
tries, especially in England, France
and the United States. Capitalist
relations dominated the world. Ma
chine industry was opening up its
gigantic expansion. The conceptions
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-01-02

Overwhelming gulf Of wealth and
poverty; the wild scramble of COM
merciadsm and proft-seeking all
over the world; all were revealing
the inner contradictions Of capital
ism.
THE rising new social force of the
future, the working class, on
whose labor the wealth of capitalism
was built up, was now beginning to
appear on the social political scene
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-01-02
AN EXAMPLE OF TECHNICAL
RETROGRESSION

The New York Times reports an
interesting example Of technical
retrogression brought on by the
economic crisis. It seems that in
Belgium business firms are getting
rid Of computsting machines and
typewriters. These are being re-
placed by low-psid clerks using steel
pens.
The extent of the retreat in tech
nique can be gauged from the fact
that two years ago Belgian business
mail consisted almost entirely Of
typewriter letters. Today fifty per
cent Of such correspondence is
handwritten. The tendency toward
using pens instead of typewriters is
steadily growing. For private use
quill pens are once again in style.
The steel pens are being substi-
tuted for typewriters because they
are more economical for the en-
ployers, at the present low level Of
business. The wages of the clerks
using pens, needless to say, are
much lower than the highly skilled
operators Of computating machines,
and they receive even less than
typists we're paid. This incident
needs no comment.
THE SOVIETS CONQUER THE
NORTHERN PASSAGE
The Northern Passage across the
top" Of Europe and Asia has been
conquered by Soviet scientists. Voy-
aging over the 5000 miles of frozen
wastes has passed the experimental
stage. Safe routes for shipping
across sections of the Passage have
been established as the result Of the
findings Of Soviet explorers.
In 1892 the Northern Passage was
navigated in one season, from Ar
changed in Europe to Vladivostok,
by the ice breaker-Siziryakov. under
Captain o. ]. Schmidt. The same
feat was almost repeated by the
Chelyuskin, which got as far as
Boring Strait. But before it could
round the Boring Sea and sail south
to Vladivostok it was caught in the
grip OF ice foes.
This year the ice-breaker. Theo-
dor Litke. commanded by Captain
Nikiolayev, reversed the trip. For
the first time in history a ship
navigsted the west bound voyage
from Vladivostok to Murmansk in
one navigation season. In 83 days
the sturdy ship completed a voyage
Of 5000 miles, 1900 miles Of which
was through solid ice.
During its trip the Litke released
three ships which had been caught
in the ice in the preceding year on
an estuary Of the river Lena. She
also towed a river steamboat from
one stream to another.
Professor Wiese who was in
charge Of the scientific work aboard
the Litke discovered that there is a
warm current from the Pacific in
the Chukotsk Sea as we'll as cold
current from the Northwest.
Slowly the heroic Soviet explorers
are penetrating ever further into
the frozen north. opening new re-
gions for socialism. and mastering
nature in the interests of mankind.
BACTERIA AND CLAY
1t has been found by Dudley P.
Click of Colorado State College that
the presence Of bacteria in clays i'm
proves them for use in pottery max
ing. Pottery workers have long held
the theory that bacteria caused an
Improvement in the strength and
workability of clays that had been
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-01-02

Beginning today, the Daily
Worker will print seriaIIy the
extremely valuable and popular
booklet by r. Paine Dutt, life
and Teachings of v. 1. Lenin,"
published by International Pub
fishers.
January "A will be the eleventh
anniversary of the death of Lenin.
During these ten years the teach
tngs Of Lenin have spread to ever
wider sections of the globe, inspir-
Ing the workers and oppressed to
greater assaults on capitalism.
So powerful have become the
teachings of Lenin in this country
that the vilest yellow journals Of
Hearst are forced to try to distort
Lenin's works in order to stem the
revolutionary development OF the
American masses.
The Daily Worker considers II a
great service to its readers to be
able to present this clear and ex-
cellent portrayal of the life and
teachings Of the great leader of
the working class, V. /. Lenin.
CHAPTER l
The Epoch Of Lenin
I ENIN was born in 1870 and died
Il in 1924. His life thus covers the
last quarter of the nineteenth CEN
tury and the first quarter of the
twentieth. His active life covers the
last decade of the nineteenth CEN
fury and the first quarter Of the
twentieth.
This period was a period of de-
cisive change, a turning point in
human history. The War of 1914
and the Russian Revolution of 1917
are the outstanding signs of this
turning point, whose full meaning
is only beginning to be understood.
Lenin's life activity stands at the
very center of this transformation.
Lenin's strength, which marks
him out from all the other political
thinkers and leaders of this period,
was that he alone, from an early
point. on the strong basis of Marx
ism, from we'll before the end Of
the nineteenth century, saw with
complete clearness the whole char
acter of the future period, prepared
for it, drew the practical, concrete
conclusions, and was alone adequate
to the demands of history when the
time came.
What gave Lenin this unique
strength to see clearly, accurately
and far into the historical move
ment? He drew this strength from
the basis of Marxism, which he
brought to new life, rescuing it from
the hands of pedants, philistines
and routine politicians, into whose
keeping it had fallen.
IN ORDER to understand the work
of Lenin, it is therefore essential
to understand the basis of Marxism,
on which he built, and the charac-
ter of the epoch in which he acted.
The essential character of Marx
ism is that of single scientific
world outlook on the whole of ma
ture, life and activity.
Marxism grew up in the second
quarter Of the nineteenth century.