davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1935-05-16

In the scale the toilers handle the
details, and If they slip once in
while, mislay a paper, lose a report.
forget where something has been filed,
it Is not extraordinary, considering
the limitations Of human nature.
Now that this relatively insignificant
bit of legislation has been lost on the
way to final executive action probably
there will be an immediate inquiry
into the ways and means of admin
;strative housekeeping, to prevent any
thing like this happening again.
the Presidents request for
a fresh copy of the missing bill will
Of course be granted and it will be
signed and Ketchikan, Alaska, will
get its bond issue and all will be well,
But just suppose that this had hap
pened to one of the important emer-
gency measures! What a lively time
would be had by ALL
Evening star., 1935-05-16
The Lost Bill.

For the second time in the history
Of the American Government an act
of Congress has been lost in the shuttle
of official papers. Yesterday the
President reported to the House Of
Representatives that bill passed by
both branches of the Legislature and
sent to him for approval had been
mislaid somewhere in the Department
of the Interior and asked that dupli-
cate be prepared and submitted to
him. His message was accompanied
by a letter of explanation from the
Secretary of the Interior, which re-
lated the circumstances, so far as
known, Of the physical handling Of
the document. 1t had simply vanished,
without trace. 1t was not an espe-
cially important measure, merely
authorizing a bond issue for Ketchi-
kan, Alaska. But it might have been
one of the New Deal enactments,
possibly the bonus bill, or that pro-
viding for the extension Of the N. r.
A., If and when they are sent along
for executive consideration.
Considering the flood of legislative
enactments, 1t is not surprising that
such a slip has occurred. The docu-
mentary product of the Government
Is enormous. The job of keeping
track of letters. reports, accounts, bills
and laws Is one of magnitude. Just
at present the administrative machine
is especially congested with the raw
material of public business. The
personnel set-up is being constantly
changed, as administrations" are re-
arranged, with new combinations
formed to meet emergencies and to
scapt to the development Of new con-
ditions. The roster Of higher-ups
shifts from month to month and there
Is q heavy turnover In the lower
ranks. Somewhere rather far down
Evening star., 1935-05-16
STARS, MEN AND ATOMS,
of Science Progress in Fl,
Laboratory and Study.
BY THOMAS r. HENRY.

curator of marine invertebrates, has
just described three new Atlantic
species.
The mud bottoms often are honey
combed with the burrows Of these
strange little creatures who live almost
entirely underground and spend most
of their lives in constant digging,
using their second and third pairs
of legs as shovels In the dark depths
Of the mud, invisible to the human
eye. there is intense and constant
activity. The animals are engaged
almost constantly in extending their
burrows or adding new tunnels. Some
times these connect with the burrows
Of other individuals, but such con-
nections continually are being blocked
OF or tunneled around.
The burrowing habits Of these
shrimps have been studied extensively
by G.. E. MacGinitie of Notre Dame
University, who describes them as
follows: e.
First 1t digs downward, nearly
vertically, for several inches, back
ing outside with each load of mud
and depoSiting it at the tunnel
entrance. When the burrow has pro-
gressed to a distance approximating
the length Of the shrimp's body it
makes q large, rounded space in the
lower end to enable 1t to turn. From
this time forward it never leaves the
burrow. The animals seem to be
moving almost constantly. When they
are not busted with working over the
sand and carrying It away they spend
their time in cleaning their ap-
pendages, gills and backs. Such care
full. end sanitary measures probably
are necessitated by the nature of
their habitations.
1.-THE burrows persorate the sand
in every direction. The number of
these animals and their constant ac-
tivity leads one to conclude that they
serve much the same function for the
bottom soil of estuaries that the earth
worm does for the field. Their tun-
nelS sometimes extend downward as
far. as any other forms of life exist,
and because of them other species Of
animals living in the mud are sup
piled with fresh water and the deeper
sand is constantly being brought to
the top"
This animal, the account continues,
feeds by sitting the sand for its con-
tanned detritus. The feeding activity
is enormous 1t will sift from 20 to
so cubic centimeters In 24-hour
period. One of the most interesting
features Of the life of the mud shrimp
is the 'rnerageries Of other animals
with which it shares its burrow and
seems to act in partnership. This
menagerie Is made up of worms,
copepods, tiny crabs, a clam, and
even one species of fish All, appar-
emily. are attracted to the burrow by
the food supply.
Evening star., 1935-05-16
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN,

A reader cdn get the ansper to
any question of fact by ,ortttn1 The
washington Evening Star Information
Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director,
Washington. D. c. Please inclose
stamp for reply.
Q. How many coin collectors are
| there in this country?-J. L.
A. Recent figures Of the American
Numismatic Association show that
more than. 100000 Americans col
lect coins.
@. What proportion of retail buying
is done on charge accounts?-P. II.
A. 1t is estimated that from Al per
cent to so per cent Of retail sales are
credit sales.
@. How long had the paper currency
been the size 1t was before the smaller
bills were substituted?-R. A. s.
A. Since 1861.
Q. When is the Colonial celebration
at Williamsburg, Va.?-S. c.
A. The Virginia Court Season at Old
Williamsburg began on May IL and
was celebrated for three days. The fes-
tivities were designed for q restoration
OF Colonial customs and included May
revels, old-time music and dancing,
costumed formalities, masque, etc.
@. Has William Allen White, the
newspaper editor, written any books?
C. M.
ua
them are Life of Woodrow Wilson"
and Life of Calvin Coolidge"
O. How fast is the Hiawatha? Is it
a steam locomotive?-L. M.
A. The Hiawatha, said to be the
fastest steam locomotive in the world,
is designed for a speed of miles
a minute. 1t is the first of two such
locomotives which will run between
Chicago and st. Paul.
@. Where is John Brown buried?-
c. C. r.
A. Browns body was inferred at
North Elba, N. Y, his early home. A
bronze memorial has been placed there
recently by the John Brown Memorial
Association.
@. How do automobile taxes for 1884
compare with those Of the previous
year?-F. w.
A. The total motor tax bill for 1894
was l.l60,564, $50, as compared with
the 1888 total of S1,128, ,262,3 1881.
@. How long has the Office of cor
oner been in existence?J. T.
A. This is an ancient Office which
was first referred to as custos placi-
forum in S. 20 of the articles of Eyre
Q194, though it was probably insti-
tuted before that date; possibly by
Henry I Ql00-3D.
@. Who started the pony express?-
P. C. H.
A. The pony express was founded
on April 8, 1860, by William H. Rus
sell, who routed it from st. Joseph.
Mo. to Placerville. Calf, via Salt
Lake City.
@. How early did Schubert begin
to receive musical training?-F G.
A. At the age Of 5 Schubert began
to receive regular instruction from his
father. At 7 he was placed under the
charge of Michael Holzer, the kapell-
meister Of the Lichtenthal Church.
@. What is the theory now about
the ability of adults to learn after
they reach 45?-C. M.
A. DR.. Edward L. Thorndike. presi-
dent of the American Association for
Adult Education, in survey on
adult interests. says that adults may
excuse themselves from learning be-
cause they are tired or sleepy or in
need of entertainment rather than
Improvement, but not because they
cannot, being old, be sufficiently in
terested." The theory that persons
past As cannot assimilate knowledge
with the same facility that younger
persons do has been discounted by
DR.. Thorndike after nine years of
research.
Evening star., 1935-05-16

No act Of Hitler since he began
scrapping the restrictions of the treaty
Of Versailles has seemed so foolhardy
to the American press as his Haunting
Of Germany's submarine program be-
fore an already alarmed world.
The Kansas City Star remarks that
"once more the French may be CRATE
full for the stupidity of German for
eign policy" and the Scranton (Pa)
Times adds: Germany apparently
doesn't learn from experience or is
disregardful of what the rest Of the
world thinks about it. When nations
take that attitude they will be certain
to sooner or later draw the conse-
quences that such actions not only
invite but usually result in"
Prime Minister Macdonald, in his
speech to the House of Commons"
says the Boston Transcript, made
the position of the government clear
when he said: The German decision
to build submarines is ominous and l
do not minimize its gravity, but We
are still prepared, without in any way
conceding the right to abrogate any
treaty provision to receive German
representatives in London for the con-
templated preliminary discussions
The hand of fellowship is thus ex-
tended holding the olive branch, but
that may be discarded and the hand
clenched and clothed to become the
mailed fist, for this speech Of the
peace-loving premier was q fighting
speech"
THE outcry in Britain and in
Italy," as viewed by the indianapolis
News, has special interest because it
comes from two countries with which
Hitler formerly entertained hopes Of
gaining favor" The Syracuse IN. "
Herald draws the conclusion: "Other
powers are likely to give grave con-
sideration to the inconsistency be-
tween Hitlers claim that his aims are
peaceful and defensive and his re-
ported resort to the development of
. submarine auxiliary to his coun-
try's military strength"
THE potential neutral was Great
Britain" according to the New York
Herald Tribune. Given Germany's
ambition again to dominate the con-
tinent and force concessions from her
neighbors, her patent strategy was to
feed the British desire to remain aloof
from the row. Instead, Hitler has
elected to win popular applause at
home and, more particularly with his
deception in the matter of q few sub
marines, to drive Britain into the op-
posing camp. What q mentality"
The Nazi submarine crusade is re-
garded by many as making war Ger
tain, and as probably advancing the
date of opening two or three years."
asserts the Tulsa (Okla.) World, and
the Knoxville (Tenn) Journal states:
mo wonder Great Britain views with
alarm breach of the peace treaty
that involves the reinstatement of a
mode Of naval warfare that would, in
the event of war, constitute not only
q serious challenge to the supremacy
of the sea, but might cut of from
these proud little islands the supplies
by the aid of which they dominate
an empire"
1.-THE nations Of Europe" advises
Evening star., 1935-05-16
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.

Imitation.
I fear any ills that imitation may
cause.
A head may be swelled by a round of
applause;
A foot may be swollen too big for a
shoe
BY marchers requiring some benefit
new.
A pain in the neck may occasion q
size
That enlarges the girth of white COL
lars and ties,
And the rubber balloon will enlarge
as you gaze,
Though it may be punctured in vari-
Gus ways.
Imitation we never can wholly escape,
And sometimes it leaves us . bit out
Of shape;
1t is something for which we must
sometimes prepare,
And the most that it needs Is intel
ligent care.
Evening star., 1935-05-16
Eastern European Peace.

1d1oiAooo S3LoA W Icy oCCPCl tliC
foundations of European peace through
collective action are advanced by the
consummation Of the Franco-Soviet
treaty Of mutual assistance. Signed
at Paris two weeks ago, the pact re-
ceived the hallmark of formal ap-
proval in Moscow on Wednesday, fol-
lowing four days of conference be-
tween Foreign Minister Laval and the
heads of the Russian government. In
effect the new agreement is re-
newal Of the old Franco Russian mill
tary alliance, for it pledges each coun-
try to come to the others assistance
in case of unprovoked aggression, pro-
vided there is not prompt decision at
Geneva to set machinery of the League
of Nations in motion to prevent war
or chastise the country that threat
ems or starts it.
OF more immediate significance in
the Franco-Soviet pact is the inten-
ton of the contracting governments
to widen its scope into multilateral
pact comprehending all of Eastern
Europe. The communique issued at
the end of M. Laval's visit stresses the
purpose OF pursuing this objective
without delay" While it is mainly
the adhesion of Germany and Poland
to general pact of non-aggression
and "non-assistance to the aggressor"
that is sought, France and Russia
crave to bring Czechoslovakia, Estonia,
Latvia and Lithuania into its fold as
well. Hitherto Germany and Poland
have revealed no vigorous enthusiasm
for such arrangements. although Hit
ler's message to the Stresa Conference
in April suggested that under certain
conditions the Reich might consider
them.
Abstention of the Germans and the
Poles from a multilateral pact for
security and peace in Eastern Europe
will arouse suspicion that they harbor
ulterior purposes: Ever since the con-
clusion of their bilateral treaty of
non-aggression in 1894, Europe has
been hearing ugly tales of a secret
deal whereby in exchange for return
Of the Corridor to Germany the Reich
would support Polish plans for certain
territorial expansion at the expense Of
both Russia and Lithuania. There has
been nothing to substantiate these
disquieting stories, but they have cir
culated persistently. The best way for
the German and Polish governments
to blast them out of existence would
be to demonstrate by actual deed their
readiness to participate in some kind
of an Eastern Locarno."
Poland's position. between Germany
vious delicacy. Her hatred and mis-
trust of the Russians are undis-
guised. She breads the prospect of
having her soil become the battle
ground of strife between the Reich
and Russia. On whichever side the
Poles were aligned. they would be
confronted by an overwhelmingly
stronger neighbor.
Next week Fuehrer Hitler will de-
liver before his puppet Reichstag, at
a specially convened session, an ad-
dress dealing with the international
situation. The hour is propitious for
a circumstantial declaration of Ger
many's foreign policy in light Of the
Reich's re-armament and the wave Of
terror it has spread throughout Eu-
rope. The Franco-Soviet pact is well
timed to extort from the Nazis some
authentic indication of their purposes
in re-creating a powerful German
army, navy and air force.
Evening star., 1935-05-16
Time-Limited Tug Of War.

The issue between temporary extern
sion of an emasculated N. r. A. and
two-year extension Of the act has been
Joined between House and Senate.
But how solidly joined? The Senate
might say to the House, or the House
to the Senate: I'VE will fight it out
along this line If it takes all Summer"
But all Summer is entirely too long.
One month from today the N. r. A.
and all its works 60 out Of existence
automatically, unless something is
done to extend them. And something
must be done within a month. The
tug Of war must be short. 1t must
also be conclusive
The issue is between House and
Senate-which means that 1t is be-
tween the administration, which has
complete control of the House, and the
less submissive Senate. But there is
a third party in the form Of the
United States Supreme Court which
may step in and cut the issue squareIy
in two. Should the highest court, de-
Gliding the case which the defending
government has been willing to submit
as test, rule the N r. A. unconstitu-
tional the House and Senate con-
testants will be left fighting over a
bone.
In the meantime, Donald Richberg
has not contributed much to the
possibility of reconciliation between
friends and foes of N. r. A. by his
allusion to the fact that only CON
fused, muddled minds" could be ca
pable of attacking its sound prin-
ciples. Many of these confused,
muddled minds" are apparently pos
sessed by members of the Senate, for
less than a handful of Senators were
willing to rise to the defense of N. r. A.
when the Senate so quickly voted the
less-than-a-year extension. Yet these
are the very confused, muddled
minds" that must be brought into line
if the Presidents wishes are to prevail.
Evening star., 1935-05-16
Let Us Have the Facts.

The Housing Division of the Public
Works Administration has followed
policy of strict secrecy regarding its
plans for low-cost or model housing
development in Washington, with the
result that little or nothing of tan
gible nature has been made known.
But the fact that the Public Works
Administration has considered a tract
OF land bordering on Rhode Island
avenue northeast, south of Rhode
Island avenue and between Seven
teenth street and Brentwood road, as
the site of model housing develop
ment has become public property.
And citizens organizations in the
northeast section of the city are reg
istering a protest over an undertaking
which some of the members believe
will lower property values.
If such a development would in
reality lower property values, then the
protest Is reasonable and the pro-
testants are taking steps that all prop
erty owners would support. But is
that the case? Would the develop
ment of this tract of land, spotted now
with automobile dumps and faced
with an uncertain future, really de-
stroy property values in other areas?
It Is rather difficult to understand
how it would. 1t is unbelievable that
the Government would make dem
onstration of model housing for per-
sons of low income that would lower
the value of surrounding property
for that would be a most unpopular
demonstration. 1t is unlikely that the
Government would set out to make
a poor example, when the whole
theory Of the demonstration is to set
q good example.
But the whole point is that the
Public Works Administration should
act Immediately to take the COM
munity of home owners and residents
of the section into its confidence and
reveal the exact nature Of its plans.
This has not been done. The protests
against the development are based on
fears, but not on any exact knowledge
of what is proposed. And such knowl-
edge might result in quieting the
fears and ending the protests for all
time.
Some of the P. w. A. housing au-
thorities have said they would not 60
ir to any development over the protest
oI the local community. That is the
commendable attitude for the Federal
authorities to take But it will be
extremely unfortunate if all the bene-
fits of a model housing demonstration
are lost to Washington because of
protests which are manifestly based on
speculative fears rather than exact
knowledge of what the Federal Gov
ernment plans to do.
Why not put the facts before the
citizens, show what can be done in
model housing development, explain
the purposes Of the demonstration,
discuss the possible future of the tract
in question If it is not developed by
the Government, and then find out
what the informed reaction of the
citizens will be?
Evening star., 1935-05-16
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES z. TRACEWELL.

an old-time favorite; the violas, in
cluding especially the varieties Jersey
Gem. blue, May, and Sutton's apricot,
or golden yellow; cowslips. all colors,
May: epimedium, white, 8 inches. 1t
will be noticed that these all bloom
in May.
Other desirable rock garden plants
follow:
Candytuft, 9 to 10 inches, April and
May.
Veronica rupestris, blue, to inches,
late May or June; plant to 8 inches
apart, sun or partial shade.
Alyssum saxatile. foot, yellow,
April and May.
Aubretia, rosy lilac, 6 to 8 inches,
blooms April to July.
Nepeta mussini, i foot. lavender, plant
8 inches apart; gray foliage its chief
charm.
Violets, all kinds, for early bloom.
Dodeca theon media, Shooting Star,
foot. May.
Aspeula, Sweet Woodruff, white,
May. foot.
Aster, variety mauve cushion, o
inches, october to November.
Calamintha, sun or shade, purple.
Campanula carpatica, 8 inches, blue,
June TO october.
Cerastium tomentosum, white, May,
silvery foliage.
Cotoneaster (accents come on Sec
ond and fourth syllables) is a low
growing shrub, good for the top OF the
rock garden. 1t grows very broad and
will begin to crowd out other plants
in q few years. Trailing evergreens,
German iris, lemon lilies, day lilies
are good for the very top.
Among the gems Of the good rock
garden is Daphne cneorum (pro-
nounced knee-orum. accent on the
"o.D
This lovely plant, growing about 8
to IL inches high, is a mass of rose
flowers, very fragrant in Spring and
again in the Fall. No rock garden
should be without 1t.
Dicentra eximia, the plumy bleed
ing heart. grows about a foot high
and blooms more or less all Sum-
mer. In sun or shade, making it very
desirable.
Other good plants follow:
Dianthus alpinus Atwood, four
inches; blooms July and August.
Gypsophilia repens, baby's breath,
white and pink. dwarf; July and
August; great favorite
Dianthus deltoides, pink and GRIM
son. June and July.
Helianthemum, rock rose, white,
yellow, orange or scarlet; early Sum-
mer. VIII not grow in damp, heavy
soil.
Iris cristata, 3 inches. amethyst
blue; in May. This is one of several
tiny iris This particular one loves
shade.
Iris pumila. inches, white, blue
or yellow; prefers sunshine.
Lavendula mana, dwarf lavender;
July and August.
Linaria alpha. orange and purple;
Summer and Fall.
Linum, fax, blue, yellow or red;
all Summer; does not care for heavy,
damp soil
Plumbago carpentae, 6 to 8 inches,
blue; Summer, Fall.
Ranunculus, buttercup, 10 to II
inches; likes shade and moist, loamy
soil.
Bloodroot. inches; April; shade
and moisture
Saxifraga decipiens, 4 inches, white;
May and June.
Saxifraga megasea hybrids, rose
or pink; April to June; sun or shade.
Strawberry begonia, three inches,
white; June; shade.
Heuchera, coral bells, Ia inches:
May and June. VIII grow in partial
shade.
The plants named above are but q
few of the many which may be used
in the rock garden. Their selections
and placements are matters for ex-
perience and artistic judgment.
Nature. however. helps US. given time,
so no one should shrink from begin
ming this delightful type Of gardening.
Evening star., 1935-05-16

1t is the eagle on the silver 5O-cent
piece that suggested the N. r. A. bird
clutching "thunderbolts" and ma
chinery instead Of arrows and an olive
branch. There is an inclination to
reduce N. r. A. in the same proportion
that the 50-cent coin has been theo-
retically devaluated.