davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

another man. Is the man involved
crazy or dumb? He's so sincere
about his love for her, but his
friends know her for what she is
and feel sorry for him. Can any,
thing be done before he is bank
rupt? A BROTHER.
Answer do not believe that
any move from the outside will do
the man a particle of good. The
only revelation which will affect
him at all must come from the in
side, and he may have to go
through many painful experiences
before he sees the light. No man
can put his head on his brothers
shoulders, and no human being
can deny another the right to
make his own mistakes.
Your brothers conduct arises
from deep psychological needs
within himself which struggle for
belated expression. He is So an
age which most men dread. The
last flare up of the flames OF
romance represent his emotional
fight from reality.
He has refused to face so, re-
fused the wife that belongs to so.
He wants to live forever without
growing old. You can't help him
but you can make an effort to
understand his problem. No
doubt you can find traces of his
desires in yourself which you for
bid to find a place in your con-
scious life. I am reminded of
quotation from Thoreau which
may interest you:
THE mass of men lead lives of
quiet desperation. What is called
resignation is confirmed despera-
ton. A stereotyped but I'M
conscious despair is concealed
even under what are called the
games and amusements of man
kind"
Dear Jane Jordan-I wrote to you
about two months ago asking you
about a man who bawled me out in
a tavern and you didn't answer.
have felt blue ever since. A lady
friend of mine and her friend were
at a beer joint. She went back in
the back and told me to talk to hei
man friend till she came back. He
got sore and bawled me out before
every one. He told me I had better
60 home to my husband. that I hac
a good husband and didn't know it
Well, 1 wasn't doing thing only
what his friend asked me to do. His
wife passed away. but while she was
living he was stepping out on hel
all the time. I don't even speak tC
him after all this happened. VIVA
do you think of a man like this?
BROKEN SALLY.
AnSwer-He is simply a boor
giving crude expression to what he
honestly believes. I'm afraid the
shoe pinched little or you
wouldn't have been so cast down.
Dear Jane Jordan-I am II year;
old and a senior in high school.
went steady with boy but we spill
up several times. Then he asked ms
to go steady again and stood me up
Afterwards he came several time;
and stood me up again. We have q
different point of view on mosl
things but I love him and I think
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09
SOrOrities

Misses Peg Stevens, Norma Schu-
macher and Catherine Lyon men,
bers of Alpha Chapter. Rho Delta
Sorority. are assisting with arrange
ments for a dance to be held by Chi
Delta Chi Sorority Saturday night
at the AntlerS. Harry Dickinson
will play
Fa-Lo-Sis Club will meet tomor-
row night at the home Of Mrs. Fern
Mason. 1912 w. 35th-st.
Alpha Chapter. Phi Tau Delta
Sorority. will hold a business meet
ing tomorrow night at the home Of
Mrs. Eugene Wilcox. 800 Z. 24th-st.
Miss Celena Cox, 1049 Congress
sv, will entertain members OF Alpha
Pi Omega Sorority at her home
tonight.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09
Secretary American Bridge League

SecreIarv American bridge League
A READER once asked me if it
"A were true that when you held
a hand that contained no card
higher than a nine spot you could
ask for a new deal. Certainly not.
You have to play the cards dealt
to YOU.
Can YOU imagine the poor East
PLAYER who suddenly found himself
playing today's hand at six spades.
doubled? A careless play would
cost him his contract. However. a
simple strategic move made this
PLAYER thankful that the rules did
not allow him to ask for a new deal.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09
STATE CONVENTION
SET FOR MAY 10

Miss Edna Gardner. president of
the Auxiliary to the United Com
merCial Travellers. announces the
completion of arrangements for the
state convention Of Indiana auxili-
aries to be held at the AntlerS
MAY rs.
Other officers with Miss Gardner
are Mrs. Walter Y. BOzell vice preSi-
dent, Mrs Garland T. White. re-
c0rding secretary. and Mrs. Thomas
Dugan. treasurer. Convention dele
gates include Mrs. Everett II. We'll
mer and Ms. White. with Mrs
George ID. Hunter and Mrs. Joseph
S. SainteI. alternates.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09
MUSICAL PROGRAM
AND LUNCHEON SET

Luncheon and musical program
are scheduled by the Association of
Childhood Education for Saturday
at the Columbia Club. Misses Eliza
beth Mills and Mildred Chance are
in charge of reservations.
Miss Violet Albers, violinist; Mrs
Mary Reiner, soloist, and Mrs.
Ramona Wilson, pianist, will pre-
sent a program and Mrs. Chic Jack
son will be guest speaker. Miss Ida
Conner will discuss the national
convention of the association to be
held in Denver, Colo, in June.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

bonds will play Assisting Miss
O'Gara are Misses Helen Custard
Gertrude Dean. Margaret Dierkers.
Margaret Gabonay, Rose Boland,
Beatrice Ryan, Rosemary Burkart,
Mary Kull. Mary Margaret Kelley
anC Ellen OCOnnor.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

able for Mothers Of every age. You'll
see colorful triangles, squares and
"sari" scarfs the kind Vogue says
drape nicely over coiffures against
the evening breeze. While you're
there in the NeckWear Dept. on
Main floor see the Iris organdy col
lars and cuffs almost as exquisite as
the flowers themselves. Don't miss
the latest news" in costume flow
ers-the spaghetti daisies and perky
pioue boutonnieres for cotton clothes.
Which reminds me -. cotton gloves
sheer, crisp, dainty land OF course,
beautifully washable) gaining
fashion favor every day. If you
still want ideas for Mothers Day
gifts, consider the fine white linen
kerchiefs either hand embroidered
or with filet initials . foremost
Chalfon Hosiery and parchment
alligator handbags genuine leather
and the better copies. BLOCKS
are very accommodating in tying gifts
with gay and appropriate ribbons
I've watched them.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

he loves me. What would you adj
wise me to do? ALICE M.
Answer-Let your head rule
your heart and check him out.
Love impellS those together who
can never abide each other. Since
you two are unable to reconcile
your differences, the sensible thing
to do is stay apart.
Motel am still holding about 10
letters for Janet, who is confined to
her home by sick parents.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

the perfect GIT
in some APP
propriate form.
Would she enjoy
a growing plant Of
cheerful blossoms
for the house? Or
would a corsage
of the new tiny
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

S0dolity Sponsors Dance
Miss Margaret O'Gara is chair
man of a dance to be held by the
Young Ladies Sodaity of Holy
Cross Church May 18 at the Pennsy
gym auditorium. Indiana Vaga-
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

that a " Oman Is
y e ars younger,
whom he says he
loves, is going to
make him a true
wife. This when
he has proof of
the fact that she
has been divorced
by two husbands
for infdelity and
is now married
and living with
her third hus-
band while prac-
t;oo11v 1ivipO with
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09
Club PdrtY Set

Spring party of the Magazine Club
will be held Saturday at the home
of Mrs Frank G. Walker, 1858 N.
Pennsylvania-st. The afternoon
program will include a review of the
book, The Invincible Louisa" By
Mrs. Mary E. Perine and musical
entertainment by Miss Roberta
Bland. Mrs. John Kelly will pre-
side.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

Mrs. Roemler-K innaird will have
Miss Kitty Hegeler, Danville, H., as
her guest Saturday.
Mrs r. D. Brown and son, r. D.
Brown Jr., have been spending a few
days in New York.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

Speclal IN 9X4Z rugs, DuI
I was too engrossed in one other
special-Innerspring Mattress for
1895. Ho-hum . just one OF the
list of May Bargains. Well all be
wanting bright new glider for the
lazy days ahead see their spe-
cial prices this month. I might
say that whatever you need for the
house can be purchased at the
PEOPLES for a very modest sum.
Why choose hurriedly and then
wish YOU had the chance to shop
again? Come down Friday about Z
o'clock and take a jaunt through
the huge store of house furnish
ings. I believe you'll thank me for
this reminder.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09
Attends Sclrice

Mrs Edna f Pauley, supreme
guardian Of the order Of Jobs
Daughters. attended ritualiStic serv-
ices of Bethel 10 at haywood Ill,
Tuesday night and was honor guest
Al a meeting of Bethel 20 in Chi
cago last night.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09
Daily Recipe
PRESSED VEAL

PRESSED VEAL
8 pounds lean zeal
2 small pieces salt pork
6 crackers, rolled
IL cup melted fat
1 egg, slightly beaten
Salt and pepper to taste
Sage, If desired
Wipe the veal and salt pork
and run through food chop
per. Add the crumbs, fat and
egg. Season highly with salt,
pepper and sage. if liked. Mix
well. Pack in loaf pan and
bake very slowly about three
hours. Cool before turning
from pan. Serve cold.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

I can. Meantime. enjoy the relaxa-
ton of eating at a hotel You'll
always find excellent food at the
CLAYPOOL and service as you like
it for you have a choice of Dining
Room, Coffee Shop and Sandwich
Crib. And when it comes to spe-
cial party arrangements their pri-
vate dining rooms are most at
tractive. From 10 TO 1000 guests :.
no trick at ALL
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

MIGRATING. energizing and
serves both as food and
drink. Chlorophyll, which
is found in green, fresh
vegetables, is just one of
Mates valuable proper
ties. If your own grocer
does not have it l
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

Chinese red and silver and artistic modern chairs are
placed informally about the department These are IN
blue beige and red and match the small modern httng
stools in front of them
White shoes in the new Rink salon are being shown
in excess of all other coors. and numbers than
in any previous year, just they are in all fashion
centers this year They higher this year than
previously and nigh ties and nstep models taking
the place of the sandals which held sway
last season.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09
Rink Stores New Salon,
Featuring White Shoes,
to Be Opened Saturday
Offerings Will Interest Women Assembling
Costumes Intended for Wear at
Speedway Race.
Speedway Race.
BY HELEN LINDSAY

INDIANAPOLIS who expect to De spectators AZ us
l. Speedway year Will find delightful new place 70 hop lo
which VIII nave us oa
Saturday been moved from the nam
and colorfu modern setting
types sports shoes are og SHOWN
Evelyn Polo Club and Ladons eSt gnu
exclusively Kinks Indianapolis ana "c
being high fashioned with moderate prices
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

And you can take
advantage Of them
at the regular
Fri d ay Nj g h t
Moonlight S a | e,
They said some
bout a Moonlight
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

If you want compliments on the
salads you serve then, here's
tip try KAPHERR'S French
dressing. It's delicious +. it's diff
ferent and, it's homemade!
This dressing will really add zest
and flavor to even plain lettuce
salad It's rich, smooth and tasty
flavor, I understand, is due to a
careful mixing and blending of 10
of the finest ingredients obtainable.
Phone HUI. 1871 or call me for your
nearest dealer.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

so get busy. ne COIIIpeVeII0 IT
structor there is patient with
beginners. And her new pattern
books are filled with smart sweater
and suit ideas for figures 14-44. Fol-
low the fad to THE FASHION.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

Mrs II B. Davis. Miami. is visit
Ing her sister, Mrs. Ralph Wieland.
and her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. An
Grew Heinlein.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

heard talk about a
gorgeous new room now
under way. It's sort OF
a secret, so just wait
and watch I'll tell
YOU all about it soon as
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

SuranCe BIdg.,
8 E. Market
St, No. 5 2 S.
You still have
time to knit a.
summer outfit
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

able taste in Sc
lecting smart ac-
ceSsories f + o m
BLOC S. I've
spotted several sug-
gestions 10 guide
you in b u Y i n g.
Chiffon scarfs are
Vow, 1ou, opd cuif
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

Remember grandmother,
too, and all the other dear
ones Uho hare been q mother
to you.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

Dear Jane Jordan-From a psy-
Geological standpoint, please en-
tighten me as to what makes a man
of so suddenly turn against his wife
and ruin himself morally and finan-
cially? He is obSeSSed with the idea
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09
City Pupils
Travel to
Louisville
Orchard School Boys and
Girls Give Dance
instruction.
By ELIZABETH CARR

TEN boys and girls are back al
Il Orchard school today. the
happier and the wiser for visit
at the Ballard Memorial School
Louisville
They could hardly uat to tel
their classmates Al Orchard School
what they did and what they saw.
Ever since a group Of tho Ballard
pupils visited AZ Orchard las month
for the folk dance festival. the re-
turn trip has been Of prime I'M
porfance
Hills HoRie headmaster Of the
school. with two teachers. Miss
Frances Alien and Miss Marv Chase.
took pupils from the upper grades
10 Louisville Yesterday morning Tho
purpose OF the visit was % teach
tho bows and girls Of Ballard some
Of the English folk dances.
II was an enthusiastic party.
composed 81 Catherine Cunningham
Nancy Goodrich. Margaret Jane
son. Jane Johnston. Patsy Wells
John Dean. John Osborne. Boo
Scott. Elias Atkins and Ben Hitz
After mnching AZ the school the
party visited in the classrooms and
looked on while others recited
grammar and solved arithmetic
problems
The high point in the trip vas
the folk dance last night which the
indianapolis youngsters taught to
their friends
The strides made by education in
the last decades certainly are evi-
dent in the modern way in which
pupils today not only read about
project or a place. but 90 to see it.
Miss Hope PedforG has arranged
10 chapcron a group Of Shortridge
High School students this weekend
to Louisville to visit the nearby
caves. The party Will return sun
day afternoon.
At the Roy Elder Adams home
this Weekend. four generations will
be- together to observe Mothers Day.
Mrs. George Haywood. mother of
Mrs Adams. will come from Lafa-
yette 10 be with Mr.. and Mrs Ad-
ans And the Adams daughter,
Mrs William C. MaCOmber, will
come from Kendallville with her
two children. Billy and Janet. for
the weekend
r.
Mr.. and Mrs Louis Haerle viii en-
terrain several Of their friends at
dinner at their home Saturday
night. later going 10 the Columbia
Club for the Lambs frOlic.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

In my travels around town l
found complete stock of paints
and papers for sprucing up the
house perhaps you know this
STATE WALL PAPER CO., 200 S.
Meridian st. It's called the Day
light Store and what help that Is
when colors and designs must be
carefully selected. Prices now pre-
vailing on 1885 patterns range from
SC. Screen paint special now 39c o.
If you're giuing Mother q
negligee, be sure it's printed
or foWered silk these are
the last 1COrd.
Mothers Day-Sunday, May IL!
Whatever you're planning to do for
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09
Heels of Continental and Boulcrord Type

ID WITS AS"'
ID higher boulevard.
Combinations of white and brown not the shoes at Kinks
n III sports
achieved
a small white kid
kid, with
fashioned with of
of
the solid leather
fashioned Of linen
lend themselves easily
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09
Buck and Calf Combined for Sport!

the attractive active shoes shown white buck and
combination with buckle at the nsep and
ke awe perforated calf with
modified kitie i perforated design.
salon will be displayed
Kinks windows from time time of window display fixture
o models
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

tan and brown orchids please her
more? This is one spring when
fresh flowers are so decidedly IN
the fashion picture that you can't
forget some sort Of nosegay Tor her
to wear. Paris is gardenia mad.
Violets are definitely in" with new
Regency clothes. Mother can't have
too many flowers even if every one
of her children thinks TO send them.
Call TEMPERLEYS and insure the
best for that precious Mother OF
yours. (5518 College-av. HU. 1851
Beautiful orders from 81 up.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

launching at the CLAYPOOL
COFFEE SHOP the other day land
delicious refreshment it was, too l
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

with a special approprl-
ate greeting card. She il
make it personal as can
be. Remember those
80 varieties of delicious
candies and order now.
1901 N. Meridian st.
IA. 1927. They'll delivt
pound.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

Mothers Day will last all season
if you give her something to wear.
And she'll appreciate your fashion,
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09
For that perfect gift-G
nonoqrommed bedSpredd.

Have you heard? The FASHION
KNITTING SHOP has moved into
an attractive new room in the In
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

Just Sa10 the most efficient
little qUaShing machine for
laundering all small pieces :. i.
saUes time and energy, and is
perfectly safe for even the
fragile silk hose.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09
Manners and Morals
by JANE JORDAN.

Are YOU mystifed by problem in
your family? State the case to Jane
Jordan and she will help clear your
mind.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

Are you planning to do
something special for Mother?
Will you take her out to din
ner Sunday? Entertain her?
Add to her particular hap
piness and pleasure? Relieve
her Of some of the many
duties at home? Write to her?
Send some token of your love
and thoughtfulneSS? Now,
don't say I didn't warn, re-
mind and assist you in max
ing the day, May IL, splen-
diferous occasion. Note: If you
are a Mother, then gently
drop these hints to the chill
dren.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

MARTHA WASHINGTON sug-
gests-pack Mothers favorite cand-
les in a charming gift box topped
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

When your appetite begins to lag
a bit. refresh yourself with that de-
licious "Paraguayan tea"-SO-AM
YERBA MATE. It's in
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

know one who dOes-Ford's Grocery
Co, SAB E. 49th st. Call me for any
information or this smart health
beverage. If l don't know the an
swer. I'll gladly find out for you.
Keep up to date with Mate
(only it's pronounced mat-tay in
SPANISH.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

In this, the merry month of May
You'll be pleased to discover rare
bargains at the PEOPLES OUT
u II II INC co
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

No Uonder there's been so
much talk about linen lingerie
its sleek and cool and Just
right for summer.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-09

Mr. and Mrs Louis Haerle viii en-
terrain several Of their friends at
dinner at their home Saturday
night. later going 10 the Columbia
Club for the Lambs froIic.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-21
THREATENS WPA
STRIKE IN STATE
Workers. Group to Demand
Union Scale Be Paid
on All Projects.

The Workers Alliance OF Indiana
will demand immediate payment OF
union wage scales on all WPA prof.
estS. ". o. Jackson, state secretary,
announced today.
The executive order issued Thurs
day by Harry l. Hopkins. Works
Progress Administrator, permitting
state administrators TO bring down
the working hours as low as condi-
tons warrant will be the basis for
this demand. he said. asserting that
unless granted, a statewide relief
workers strike. similar to the one N
Clinton this week, will be called.
1t was stated by Mr.. Jackson.
however. that the Hopkins ruling IS
a step in the right direction. The
next step. the alliance maintains.
should be to radically increase the
security wage maXimums.
The Workers Alliance claims 66
locals with more than $4,000 men,
bers in all sections Of the state. It
is actively cooperating with organ
lied labor.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-21
Name of Store

attitudes than bombing planes on
serious business would fly.
So much for facts and figures. For
the remainder of their calculations
and deductions, military experts re-
sort to theories. They believe that
Premier Benito Mussolini, relying
upon the effectiveness of his air
force against surface ships, has been
emboldened to take his present posi-
ton, which is reckoned here as be-
ing very close to risking a decisive
test of strength, air versus sea.
They consider that Great Britain,
realizing that loss of control over
the short sea route through the
Mediterranean and Suez Canal to
India and the Far East might be
the beginning of the end for the
Empire, would likely risk such a
decisive test in an effort to main
tain control of the life line"
They consider that British lead
erS, too, are baSing their feeling of
security upon theory.
Evidence of concern among Brit
ish leaders over possible outcome of
a showdown for control of the
Mediterranean is seen by officials
here in reports that Britain recently
has begun to rehabilitate the naval
base on MauritiuS Island. of the
southeastern coast of Africa. This
base never was large or formidable,
and has been little used in the last
10 years. 1t is not near the main
trade routes since steam power and
the Suez Canal rendered the sea
route around Africa a long and I'M
necessary journey.
Next-What the United States
might learn from European test
Of 1885 fighting equipment.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-21

6. If mailed, entries should be ad-
dressed to Window Display Contest
Editor, The indianapolis Times.
7. Prizes will be awarded on the
basis of correctness, originality of
presentation and neatness.
8. The contest judges will be an
nounced later.
9. All contestants agree to accept
the judges decisions as final.
10. The contest is open to every
one except employees of The Times
and the cooperating furniture
stores and members of their fam
lilies.
Prizes and their donors are: First
prize, lounge chair, Banner-White-
hill; second, Lane automatic tray
cedar chest, Victor Furniture Co.;
third, Jenny Lind bed, spring and