Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-10-03

becoming a "nova"-faring up with ex-
traordinary brilliance for few months
and then declining. What actually hap
pens, he says, is that the star through
the violence of the internal forces which
caused the explosion, splits into two or
more parts A double star may result,
or even a planetary system such as that
of the sun.
Now the surface of such new star
which has been broken OH from the
interior will be very much hotter than
the other face which was part of the
exterior. Supposing the surface tenn
perature of q star was 5000 c. The
interior temperature probably would run
as high as 100000 degrees. Conse-
quently there would be about this differ
ence in the radiation Of the two faces of
stars resulting from split.
One side would be causing enormously
greater radiation repulsion than the
other. Consequently the stellar body
would be pushed with enormous energy
in the direction of the cooler side. This,
says Dr. Gum, accounts well enough for
some of the observed velocities of va
rious types of stars within the Milky
Way galaxy itself. A lesser degree of
radiation asymetry, he believes, accounts
well enough for starting the stars in their
original rotations.
Now, DR.. Gum says, it can be calcu-
lated from the present rate of recession
that all the millions of galaxies in ere
alton must have been very close together
about ten billion years ago. They may
very we'll have been combined into q
single, rather closely packed, super
nebulae. In some way or other-perhaps
because of some slight radiation aSymetry
on its surface, this nebulae started TO-
tating. The rotation became so rapid
that it flew aSunder into millions of
fragments-themselves aggregations of
stars approaching in magnitude the pres
ent Milky Way galaxy.
Now the original super-nebula, like
any individual star, was most closely
packed and hottest at its center. Con-
sequently the edges of the galaxies re-
sulting from the smash-up which were
torn from the interior were hotter than
the surfaces which were closer to the
edge of the parent system. Consequently
there would be an enormous radiation
propulsion outward. overcoming the
forces of gravity which were tending to
pull the fragments together. The closer
they were to each other the greater the
gravitational pull. The farther apart
they were pushed the less resistance the
rocket effect had to overcome. Conse-
quently the farther away they were the
faster they moved outward. That, says
DR.. Gum, is precisely what the astron-
omerS are observing today.
There is no need, he says. of any
assumption of hyper -dimenSional space
structure of an EinSteinian sort to ex-
plain 1t. 1t may be a movement out
ward in three -dimenSional, Euclidian
space-the movement resulting from the
repulsion being along straight lines.
Eventually this asymetry between the
different edges of a galaxy will tend to
disappear as more and more heat is
radiated until finally 1t will not be suf1-
Gent to overcome gravity and there will
be condensation-possibly to some such
state as may have existed at the begin
ing. He says the final state of the uni
verse is "a condensed system of rela-
lively cold bodies describing gravitaticnal
orbits about q common center of gravity
with a velocity nearly that Of light"
BY applying this hypothesis, says DR..
Gum, it is possible to calculate the age
of the universe. It turns out to be
about ten billion years, which is In
general conformity with the age reached
hY othay calculations.