davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1935-12-29

thrifty peasants, were dispossessed,
shot or banished, and salaries and
wages were ruthlessIy equalized so
that valuable technical expert re-
ceived the same pitiful food ration"
as a day laborer-Such, in brief, was
this struggle for the realization Of the
Socialist ideal
Stain won. Russian society became
"classless"-it was all reduced to a
common denominator. True, this was
common denominator of pitiful
misery and starvation. 1t was during
these years that the Five-Year Plan
of RusSia's industrialization pressed
truly superhuman demands upon
human energies and the country's
resources. This, however, did not dis
courage the Communist leaders; they
asserted that soon (when the indus
trialization was pushed far enough)
the nation would pass from equality in
poverty TO equality in "Socialistic
prosperity"
But the Communist party had over
looked one thing.
Deprived of the possibility of rising
by individual effort and achievement
above the miserable level of his neigh
Dor. the Russian-no matter whether
he was an engineer, professor or a
farm hand-began to work so desper-
ately, alphabetically and badly that
factories turned out articles which
could not be used, the railroad system
almost completely broke down, a real
economic anarchy set in and the whole
structure of Russia in the -process-of-
industrialization found itself on the
verge Of collapse Soviet authorities
were utterly helpless; daily executions
Of "sabotaging" workmen and en-
gineers were without effect. For, hav-
ing tried Socialism (in its Stalinist
version, at leasD, all Russia was in
stinctively and unanimously sabotag-
ing it.
Stain Tries New Tactics.
And so, confronted with disaster,
Stain found himself obliged to utter
his historical words:
Socialism" he said, lis not economic
equality
In other words, instead of frankly
admitting that he was renouncing
Socialism-that divinity on whose altar
so much human blood was shed and
who turned out to be a malignant and
cruel idol-Stalin set out to prove that
economic equality, which is now con-
temptfully termed "uravnilovka" (the
leyeling, with scornful tinge to it,
never had been the idea of Lenin or
of other creators of Socialism. The
only way to organize production and
establish 'rea" Socialism, he argued,
was ito stimulate human energies by
encouraging individual effort in every
possible way"
Indeed, that was complete about
face. Instead Of the old slogan, Lower
yourself to the level Of Others" the
Continued on Seventh PaFe.)
Evening star., 1935-12-29

West, where the objection to the pres
ent taxes is second highest, the
strength OF the New Deal Is second
lowest, and finally in the East, where
the objection to the present tax rate
is the strongest, we find that the sup
port of the New Deal is the weakest.
In 1885, as in the years Of Caesar.
taxes serve to dramatize for the people
what it costs to be governed. Good,
bad or Indifferent government. 1t
makes no difference, taxes must be and
are paid. Our survey reveals that
more than three-fifths Of the voters
pay them Indignantly. The audible
expression of this indignation may be
a inurmur or a shout, but 1t is one OF
the important sounds that politicians
listen for. with their ears to the
ground, whether they be Caesar, a
Senator or a ward heeler.
Table Shows Feeling.
A growing alarm is voiced by the
"high" tax group and often our In
reviewers have had to listen patiently
while they detailed their beliefs and
fears. Professional men were espe-
cially prone to launch into speeches on
high taxes.
How they all feel about it, with COM
parison Of the .yotes Of men and
Evening star., 1935-12-29
women, is shown by the following fie

A shade less than 50 men and women
out of every 100 are of the definite
opinion that taxes are too high.
Representative of this group is an
insurance agent in Chicago. He's
married, his family income is in the
s2,0o0-s3 900 bracket. Speaking about
taxes he says, my guess is that I pay
IS cents out of dollar for taxes and
that is too high. At that rate one
third Of my commissions go for taxes. +"
"I judge my taxes total per cent. /"
says a Hollywood judge, land I con-
slider them high" Here we have the
opinion of a husband In his middle
years, who enjoys an income in the
higher classification, who considers
that cents on the dollar for taxes is
high.
Twenty out of every 100 persons con-
slider taxes fair. In Indianapolis, an
assistant Office manager and account
ant, In his middle twenties and married
with an average family income in the
81, 2,000- SO 900 class, speaks on taxes.
II figure that my taxes are per cent
and that is fair enough" A truck
driver and part-time mechanic in st.
Louis, also figures his taxes at 3 per
cent and calls them fair.
A Kansas farmer said. 'I don't know
exactly what my taxes are, but I
think somewhere around IL per cent.
That is a fair tax"
Fifteen out of every 100 persons be-
lieve they go tax free or do not know
how much they pay in taxes and only
2 per cent say taxes are low.
An apprentice pharmacist in Chicago
is typical of this group. He does not
know whether his taxes are high. fair
or low and could not estimate what
taxes cost him.
Opinions Differ by Sections.
Different sections of the country
present different viewpoints ON taxes.
Men di6er In their opinions from
Evening star., 1935-12-29
Hsinking Rapidly Becoming Metropolis,
"Boom City of World,'' Say .Japanese

content himself with the modest
Chinese-style building which formerly
housed the salt gabelle in the Chinese
city as his residence.
Received by Envoy.
When the hour for the interview
with the commander in chief and
Ambassador arrived, Gen. Minami
received me in his fine, spacious pri-
| vate office, with rich paneled wood
walls, at the combined headquarters
OF the Japanese Army and Embassy.
Gen. Minami is larger than most Japa-
nese. Elderly, his gray hair close
cropped, he is hale and sturdy, with
round, firm and somewhat flushed
face.
Most OF what Gen. Minami said in
the ensuing interview-his belief that
the European crisis made it more
advisable" than ever for China to
look to Japan; his depreciation of the
China mission of Sir Frederick Leith-
Ross. chief economic adviser to the
British government; his expressed
views on Japanese economic "co-op-
Grafton" with North China and the
possibility of the emergence of a sep
arate government there-has been re-
ported.
Explains New Aim.
Those points have been discussed.
the general was asked why Japan was
so eager that there should be an in
terchange of Representatives hetvesr
Manchukuo and Outer Mongolia-an
interchange for which Nippon is
pressing hard while the SoNet-tutored
Outer Mongolians thus far decline.
I'VE desire it because it is so i'm
portant to us that Manchukuo have
friendly relations with all the coun-
tries and regions bordering upon her."
was his reply.
tOopyriRht, 1850
Evening star., 1935-12-29
BY FRANK SMOTHERS.

HSINKING, Manchukuo. Novem.
Der 10.-Morning rises in Hsinking tt
the same staccato accompaniment
that has kept hotel guests awake al
night. Hammers still are pounding
IN the capital of the new state.
Across the street from the hotel q
new office building Is going I'D In
such q hurry that the builders work
at night. All over town other build
ers are hurrying during the daytime
hours. 1t was the same story last
year and the end of construction Is
not yet in sight.
Maps of the Hsinking of the future
envisage a metropolis stretching far
out beyond the present confines OF
the big boom town, full Of the archi-
lecture OF the West, to which the old
Chinese city of Changchun has grown
thus far since the Japanese made IL
the seat Of administration for their
new dominion.
An interview with Gen. Jiro Min
ami, commander in chief of the
Kwantung Army and concurrently
Japanese Ambassador to Manchukuo
u on the program today; but first
there Is time for a motor swing around
part Of the town.
Sees New Buildings.
Amid the traffic composed of Chinese
ana japanese pedestrians, rickshas,
snlnlng new motor cars, Russian-style
oroskies driven by Chinese, coolies
drawing and carrying burdens, we are
hardly ct any time out Of sight of new
structures going up-hard by other
eulldlnss stil callow in stark newness.
This is the boom city of the world -
say the Japanese. 1t would apear. that
they are right.
Streets are wide, well paved, where
they have thus far been paved. Dust
hangs In the air. There is pounding.
pounding, pounding. Hsinking is not
attractive; no boom towns are. But,
although some Of the big new struc-
lures are unimpressive architecture
ally, there Is no denying that the
Hsinking Of the future has posi-
bilities.
Already there are excellent parks,
in keeping with the japanese love
for parks Maps of the city plan
ners reveal fine projected extension
of the park system. Rolling hills lend
grace to the town. And the charts
promise what looks like attractive
zoning-heavy industries to be clus-
tered in one locale, light industries
adjacent, residential and governmen-
tai areas separate.
81 The most imposing single structure
today is the combined japanese En-
4bassy and headquarters of the Kwan-
tung Army, massive, low, monumental,
as yet surrounded by barren land.
That erstwhle unhappy boy Of
Peiping's forbidden city, Henry Pu vi,
now Emperor Kang Teh, still has to
Evening star., 1935-12-29
BY GAsToN NERvAL.

-HIS Is the time of the year
when newspaper writer are
supposed to pass in review the
Il events Of the past IL months
and select the high lights in their
respective fields. In such a vast area
as this column is intended to cover
a recapitulation of the outstanding
happenings of 1885 would require
considerably more space than is at
our disposal, but If We were asked
to name briefly half dozen of the
high lights of the year in Latin Amer
lea, chosen from the point Of view
of Latin America as a whole, for their
long historical significance and
for their value to inter-Amertcan
relations, we would not hesitate to
make the choice.
The conclusion of the Chaco war
must be mentioned in first place.
Apart from the physical factors in
volved. the human lives and the
economic resources which peace at
the Chaco spared the two contending
parties-and that alone would be suf-
ficient TO make it historical event
the agreement which ended armed
hostilities between Bolivia and Para
quay opened new possibilities for
the advancement of international
law at large. The two countries
pledged themselves not to recognize
any territorial gains resulting from
the war and not to settle their diff
ferences by other than juridical and
diplomatic ways. AS the war had
originally started, precisely, on the
ground of ascertaining rights to land
claimed by both parties, the admission
by the two belligerents that all ter
ritorial claims must be adjusted only
through juridical means, irrespective
Of the final positions of their armies
on the battlefield, has more than a
purely ethical or temporary meaning.
Leticia Incident Settled.
The final curtain came down on
another international dispute in South
America during the year now ending.
The governments of Peru and Co.
lombia exchanged ratifications of the
Rio de Janeiro protocol which settled
their armed quarrel over the Leticia
territory. The settlement of the
Leticia incident having been made
possible by the intervention of the
League of Nations at the outset of
hostilities, the formal and definite
acceptance of its terms by Colombians
and Peruvians acquired particular sig
| nif7No OF q fiy11n r1rka fk,a 7
was passing through its greatest crisis
A third auSpiciouS international
event was the announcement that the
United States and Panama had finally
come to terms on the main points of
new treaty to govern the peculiar
relations between the two countries
resulting from the concessions granted
the United States on the Canal Zone.
| After months of arduous negotiations
at Washington between the repre-
Sentatives Of Panama and the State
Department last August it was pub
icly announced that an agreement
had been reached on the fundamental
issues, and from advance information
gathered from those who knew the
general lines of the same it became
evident that the United States was
| ready to extend new deal" to Pan
anna and thus rectify some of the
injustices and abuses which the old
treaty had allowed.
Contrasting Conditions in Cuba.
In contrast with this added ex-
preston Of the good neighbor" policy
launched at the beginning of the
Roosevelt-Hun administration, was
Evening star., 1935-12-29

Why the hand that rocks the cradle
should be less tax conscious by about
10 per cent is anybody's guess. Pos
sibly the majority of women look to
men to handle financial and tax mat
tiers. The fact is that men in each sec
ton are the more tax conscious and
take the initiative In tax matters.
In this survey our investigators have
made no attempt to educate the public
with reference to taxes, and many who
answered are entirely unaware Of the
indirect taxes they pay.
The percentages show that we are
a poorly tax-informed people. Three
per cent believe they don't pay any at
all-and that is big percentage to be
so grossly n1isinformed. Twelve per
Evening star., 1935-12-29
i2.0

will make people more tax informed
and win affect the percentage Of this
survey. The average estimate Of the
tax rate made by the voters for our in
vestigators indicates that many new
high" votes will be registered as the
tax issue and information on tax
economy is brought into the open.
(Copyright. 1850
IT'S the people Dho are the
Presfdent-Mdkers. Are they also
the cdndtddte-ndkers? Who is
leading nop 4. popular fGUor for
the Republican nominatton-Hoo-
Der? Knor? Ldndon? Bordh? Van
derberg? MRls7. DR.. Stdrch's inuesti-
gators are polling America to find
out. Read the ansWer in nert Sun
days Star.
Evening star., 1935-12-29
Rainfall Checked
For Data on Ouakes

A pos7ible connection between rain
fall am. earthquakes is reported to the
Seismological Society Of America by
j. F. Brennan, a Government meteor
ologist stationed at Jamaica. West In
dies. He studied the mean monthly
rainfall from 1908 to 1884 and the
frequency of earthquakes by months
in that territory. February and July
are the months OF minimum rainfall
and they are also the months Of great
est frequency of earthquakes. so and
46, respectively.
Evening star., 1935-12-29

cent are entirely unfamiliar with taxes.
They know vaguely that they pay some
taxes, but they have no idea how much
they pay.
The coming presidential campaign
Evening star., 1935-12-29

women on many matters. As can be
expected; they differ on taxes, too.
The following summary indicates how
men and women think in the principal
sections of the country:
Evening star., 1935-12-29

Note: Tares going upl New
Government services being added
What do the people OF America
think OF this most uital trend of the
day? Do they think the Govern
m1ent is giving them iDhat they pay
for? Are they resentful of the
price? Do they want whut the
Government buys for them? In the
simple words of Df. Daniel Starch's
Nattosl-Dide poll, do they think
tdres are "high," "loD" or "fdtr"?
NotD America ans,pers. DR.. Starch's
Investigators found in euery part OF
the country an overwhelming
dwdreness of the importance Of the
issue. Almost epery one has made
up his mind and t0as eager to er-
press it.
BY DIR. DANIEL STARCH,
Director of Americas Leading Research
Organization.
"AXES made news 1000 years
ago, when Caesar levied them,
his legions enforced them, and
Il even Christ advised paying
them.
Taxes made news at the Boston tea
party in 1773, when the cry "No taxa
tion without representation" was raised
throughout the Colonies.
Taxes are headline news today, news
Of such vast Importance that we polled
America to And out what the people
think about them.
ALI kinds and types of voters in
every section Of the country have been
asked this simple question: What do
you think about taxes?" The same
question is being asked with increasing
everywhere, in drawing
rooms and farm houses.
In 1884, 1t is estimated. the Govern
ment took approximately 20 cents for
taxes from every dollar earned by its
citizens, and even at that rate could
not cover It's outlay. If 1t had at
tempted to cover its expenditures it
would have had to take about one
third of the average family income.
The response to our question was
spontaneous. All but 5.8 per cent Of
the men interviewed expressed def
mite opinion. Our investigators found
as general rule that voters are poorly
informed on taxes. For the most part
they underestimate them badly. Occa-
sionally one lends O touch Of humor to
Evening star., 1935-12-29
THE SUNDAY WASHINGTON c. DECEMBER 49, 15-PART
Fading Red Of Russia

Worn by Starvation and Suffering Nation Throwing Socialism Overheard
Bourgeois" Growing
Evening star., 1935-12-29

Continued on Seventh Page }
La opinión., 1935-03-01

no cometio ninguna ofensa a la
joven Vogel Y que este, tambien
quedo comprobado durante ell jul
clio:
~ veamos, damas y caballeros del
jurado. :puede ser possible para dos
~jovencitos de dieciocho amos asal-
tar a una mujer catorce wees en-
menos de una bora? Y mas aun,
podria esa misma mujer ser victi-
ma de catorce a~saltos sin su con-
sentimiento?
FL abogado TOGO todos los puntos
vulnerables de la Procuradurfa, y
despues de tres horas de eXponer
sus conclusiones, rendido va pero
-conservando la energia de su VOC y
la serenidad en- ell semblante. con-
cluyo pidiendo, como un acto de
justicia Y para borrar una mancha
que sc cierne "sobre Ell pueblo de
California, la complete libertad de
los cuatro a%cusados meXicanos.
FL case, sin embargo, no pudo
pasar aver mismo a manos del ju-
RADIO, en- vista de que ell Fiscal ten
dra cue cerrar ell case hoy err la ma
mana.
Sers hasta entonces euando ell
Juez Fletcher Bowron dicte sus ms
truciones para que ell jurado dc
seis damas y seis cabaIleros CO.
mienoe Embellishments sus deIibe-
raciones.
La opinión., 1935-03-01

Tan mala fama la precedia de
Paris, fanta de mujer insensible,
egoista y derrochadora, que, a pc
sar de su hermosura, no encontro
quien Sc atreviese a pretenderla.
81 hubiera encontrado un aman-
to rico. de SECURE su transforma-
ci6n no Sc hubiese operado de una
manera tan rapida.
Pero la miseria hace pensar
mucho y muy sacramento, y la mi
eeria la ~amenazaba, sopena de
prostituirse de la manera mas vul-
gar y mas indigna.
Antes de llegar a este ultimo
extreme, estaba dispuesta a TODD,
hasta a aceptar los ofrecimientos
de Raul.
FL dia que este lie devolvi6 las
alhaias, no lie pregunt6 de donde
habia sacado las dos mil pesetas
para desempenarlas, 10 cual con-
trastaba con sus ~escrupulos de an
ties.
Fue la senal de que cerraba los
ojos a TODD y transigia.
Ell joven 10 comprendi6 asi y
penso:
-Acabara por aceptar 10 que
antes rechazaba.
Por otra parte, Sc hubiese visto
muy apurado para responder a las
preguntas de N%azarena.
Tan.bien 81 necesitaba cerrar los
ojos u su propia conducta y no
pensar en- ell modo como Sc habia
! proporcionado aquel dinero.
La opinión., 1935-03-01
Las nue0QS....
(sigue de la "a. Pag.)

ma Milan y Sc dirise al lado de
la autora de Il dias.
A la cabecera de la madre ago
nizante Sc encuentra Maria, la
duIce noviecita cast olvidada.--
Enrico eleva una ardiente pie
aaria al CLEO y lie pide la vida
de su madre.-.. Ell viejo herrero
abraza a su hijo y aquellas la
arirnas de reconciliac on son dull
ces, porque ell med;co anuncia
que la enferma ACADIA de tener
una reaccion favorable: la lie
eada del hijo la ha saivado....!
BESIDE Milan llegan embaJado-
res portadores de un e~splendido
contrato para cue Enrico apa-
rezca en- La Scala. Ell supno
acariciado iunto a la fraSua; les
anheIos de su ioven existencia
van a convertirse en- hermosa
realidad..... ALA en- Milan lie es-
peran la gloria y los brazos Sc
ductores de Teresa, la mariposa
de sociedad-.-.
los ojos del ioven Sc posan
un instante en- Maria y toma n
rapi1o solucion: "No, no puedo
aceptar. Me cuedare en- Napo-
les y trabajare en- la fragua de
mi padre"!.-..-
Pero ell vieio herrero Sc acer-
ca em~oc;onado: "Tu madre es-
ta orgullosa de ii, Enrico... 49,. Y
20, tambien 10 estoy hiio milo.
Seria I'm disausto muy grande 81
r~ehussras csc contrato..--"
FL joven ha tornado las manos
de su novia: ".Y to, Maria quie-
res que acepte?.....-. GVendrias
conmico a Milan?....... Solo lle-
vandote partiria de nuevo.-.-."
La cinta fue producida en- los
estudios de Warner Bros-First
National. baio Ia supervision del
senior Manuel Reachi. quien tam
bien es autor del libreto. Ha ne
recido el elogio de los criticos en-
su exhibition previa. y hay in
teres por verla en- la p~antalla.
ahora que viene por Ia primera
vez a uno de ~nuestros mejores
teatros del downtown.
La opinión., 1935-03-01

FL obstaculo principal con cue
Raul ~tropezaba para entenderse
con Florinda.
Nazarena lie decia siempre:
-Renrnciar al amor de esa jo-
Nan, equivale para listed a sacri-
ficarme ~ porvenir, y no puedo
admitir un sacrificio tan grande.
81 20 llegase a ser la amante de
listed y su novia Sc enterara, ROM
pcrian, Y csc rompimiento seria su
ruina.
-iY 81 rompi6ramos por otra
causa cualquiera? - preguntaba
el.
-Entonces seria distinto, pues
no pesaria sobre mi conciencia la
responsabilidad de csc rompimien-
to-.
Esto era tanto como decirle:
"Rompa listed con su novia, pero
no por mi, y entonces puede que
nos entendamos'.
Ash 10 interpreted, al menos, Rail
on su delirio, y loco, fuera de 81,
deciase:
-Es ~necesario romper con Flo
rinda.
Pero 3c6mo, para nc perder la
protection de don Claudio?
Y Il este seria 10 de menos.
Ell case era que Florinda no lie
daba Ell eno motive para provo
"a un rompimiento.
Jamas Sc habia mostrado tan
enamorada nj tan in~dulgente.
Aunque el no tuviese con ella
las atenciones que siempre habia
La opinión., 1935-03-01
Folletin No. 112

"a ahora he llevado. iQuiere US
ted protegerme para que Gamble
de vida? No aspire a ser buena,
porque cree que es impossible; pc
TO dejar6 de ser mala, y acaso
este sea ell principle de la regene-
racion que listed me %aconsejaba y
20 rechac6 y sligo rechazando aun.
Segura estaba de que Adolfo la
protegeria; pero su orgullo Sc re-
belaba contra la humiliation de
recurrir a el.
En- tai estado y con tan nuevas
tendencias, volvia los ojos a Raul
y deciase:
--Aceptar sus ofrecimientos Sc
IA mi salvacion; pero ino fuera
La opinión., 1935-03-01

Los apuros economics, contri-
Lufan a hacer mas critica a1n la
situacion.
Con la excusa de que era ne
cesario desquitar la mensualidad
adelantada, Raul cast no entrega-
ba dinero a su madre, y la buena
sonora sc veia y Sc deseaba para
atender a todos los gastos y nece-
Shades de la casa.
Sobre TODD no guerra que su hi
10 ~careciese de NADIA, y por este
eran mayores u apuros; y ell
joven, al presanciar tantos sacrifi-
clos y al yer una solicitud tan
crande, sentia remordimientos.
fMientras su madre GARCIA has
ia de 10 precise, el Sc procuraba
dinero de Gu >luier modo, para a.
tender a las necesidades y hasta
los caprichos de Nazarena!
En- su casa Sc GARCIA a wees
de un duro, y, sin embargo, Ell ha-
La opinión., 1935-03-01
Vieios economists
(Siaue de la ga. Pap.)

estan enuncladas en- la obra de
David Ricardo, y sorprende yer
que los argumentos que hoy Sc EN-
plean para explicar la function de
la moneda en- ell trafieo de pals a
pals fueran empIeadas desde prin-
cipios del siglo pasado por ell eco
nomista ingles. La Influenza de la
cantidad de monedas en- ell nivel de
este hecho impone en- la Marcia
del concrete exterior conceptos
que actualnente figuran en- ell ar
senaI de la nueva denominations
tan en- los "Principios" en- las pa
ginas mas diafanas de un libro que
en- 10 general, esta escrito en- un es
tito obscure.
Hay algo sobre 10 que aun deseo
lamar la atencion del senior Ala
triste: los vieios e~conomistas que
eta no Sc consagraron a presentar
la Economic Politica como una
"ciencia pura"- como dice ell est
mable articuIista-; Adam Smith y
Ricardo, sus dos f~undadores mas
distinguishes, hicieron sus conclusio
mes al margen de los heehos, EN-
pleando como s~ubstancias primas
para su elaboration mental los ma
teriales de la vida. Ese es precisa-
mente ell merito de sus ~textos; que
en- ellos palpita la realidad econo
mica en- sue multiples m~anifestacio
mes; 10 que ~convendra conmiso
ell senior Alatriste- no ocurre a to
dos los autores de la nueva Econo
mia.
Mexico, D. F., Febrero de 1895.