davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1935-06-04
Court Has Voted 81. .48%
Against the New Deal
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor of The Star:
The Supreme Court has passed upon
six pivotal New Deal measures-oil,
gold, railroad pensions, farm debts,
N. r. A. and Humphrey. Nine justices
have given their individual opinion on
each case, q total of 81 votes in this
honorable court on fundamental issues
of constitutional law. Three decisions
were unanimously against the New
Deal; and in the other three cases the
total vote against New Dealism was
IL out Of n. In only one case-gold-
did q majority find constitutional
grounds for New Deal action-and
that on the most tenuous Of legal
theories.
Thus, out Of 54 Supreme Court bal
lots to date, A have found the New
Deal unconstitutional.
This represents 81.48 per cent
against the New Deal.
Could any business manager spend
5000, ,000. 900 in two years. be only
18 per cent right on all his projects,
and yet retain his position?
Let Franklin D. Roosevelt resign
at once. America emphatically re-
jects him and all his works.
WILLIAM T. BUCHANAN.
Evening star., 1935-06-04

O. How many leper colonies are
there in Continental United States?-
A. B. NJ
A. The only leper colony in the
United States Is the United States
Leprosarium at Carvile, La.
@. What are the three largest har-
bors in South America?-D. T.
| A. Bahia and Rio de Janeiro.
Brazil. and Bahia Blanca, Argentina,
are probably the largest commercially
| important harbors of South America,
@. When was the body OF John
Paul Jones brought back to this coun-
| try?-F. F.
A. 1t was returned to the United
States on July "a, 1905.
| @. Are there any Of the original
manuscripts of the Bible in existence?
". C.
A. There are no actual original
copies Of the Bible, either the Hebrew
Scriptures of the Old Testament or
the New Testament. The American
Bible Society says that while the
three most important and complete
| COPlCo Va lidIluoSliPLo VI lIlC olUlc al
! the Vaticanus Fourth century,,
Sinaiticus Fourth century, and the
Alexandrinus (fifth century,, there
have been since these were discovered
numberless fragments of early copies
Of the Bible brought to light until
there are now several thousand frag-
ments of the Greek. the Hebrew. or
the two combined, which are worthy
of a serious consideration in a study
of the original language.
O. What preference are World War
veterans given on civil service exami-
nations?-C. A.
A. The preference is S and 10
points, which are added to their
earned ratings.
O. If the election of a member Of
the House Of Representatives Is pro-
tested, but he is seated, and then un-
seated, who draws the pay?-J. O'C.
A. II the election Of Representa-
tive is protested, but the Representa-
| tive is seated, he receives pay for all
of the time he serves. II 1t Is later
decided that he was not entitled to
his election certificate, he Is not re-
quired to return any of the salary
which he has received, since he has
devoted his time to the service OF the
Government and has actually served
in Office. In this case the duly quail
fed Representative also receives his
salary for the period during which he
was denied his seat.
@. How many Government workers
60 to work at 8, $50, 8:45, 9 and 9:l5
under the stagger system now being
used in Washington?-N. w.
A. At 8-5 800; at 8:30-10,363: at
S:45-1o,271; at 9-13,564; at Oils
6,7o7.
@. How long does it take to manu-
facture a merry -go-round?-G. NJ. E.
A. A first-rate, three-row-deep mer-
ry-go-round takes about three months.
The average price is about $4,000.
@. What is the average length OF
time required to train soldier for
active service in war?-K. L.
A. There Is no authoritative state
/ timated that a man can be trained.
through intensive training, in about
! 10 weeks.
@. What does the name Of the opera
"Parsifal' mean?-M. G.
! A. The name Parsifal. used in Wag
ner's opera of that name. Is appar.
emily an adaptation Of a name sp
pearing in many countries: Perciva.
Parzeval and Parsifal, all apparentl,
/ derived from the Welsh Pecedur, the
meaning Of which is searcher for the
basin or cup. The opera concerned
with the search for the Holy Grail, OF
cup, from which Christ gave to His
disciples the wine at the last supper.
Evening star., 1935-06-04
Congress VS.. Court.

The demand that Congress should
be supreme in the matter of laws
passed for the Government of the
people, made by Senator George Nor
ris Of Nebraska and others since the
Supreme Court held the N. r. A. to
be unconstitutional, is not new. When
the Supreme Court has cut down laws
made by Congress in the past there
has been a temporary demand that
the power to pass on the constitu-
tionality of acts of Congress be taken
away from the court.
Senator Norris is quoted as saying
that the United States is the only
civilized country in the world where
a law passed by a parliament and ap-
proved by the executive can be over
ruled by a court. Instead Of being a
reproach, however, this situation might
well be considered compliment to
the American system. The Senator
from Nebraska could have said that
few civilized nations in the world, II
any, are without monarchs or dicta-
tors or both. That is no good reason
why the United States should change
its system, however, and take on a
dictator or king. The Government
Of the United States was designed
with a series Of checks and balances
to prevent dictatorial powers. Under
the Constitution the legislative. exec
utive and judicial branches of the
Government were established with a
view to preserving balance Of power.
The Constitution was adopted to
secure, among other things, 1.-The bless
ings OF liberty to ourselves and to
our posterity." 1t early became clear
that If the liberties guaranteed to the
people by the Constitution were to be
preserved there must be a system of
passing upon laws to determine
whether they conform with the Con-
stitution. The Supreme Court. the
tribunal set up in the Constitution
itself, has been the agency. 1t has
protected those liberties in its judicial
opinions over long stretch Of years.
1t has grown in the estimation OF the
people. They look to the court as
above and beyond political consid-
erations. The proposal now to take
from this court all power of determin-
ing whether the laws of Congress meet
the pledges contained in the Consttu-
ton will have no popular appeal.
The Congress is a partisan political
body. To invest it with the final
power to say wheher a law does re-
spect the liberties of the people guar
anteed by the Constitution would be
to leave the people to the strict rule
Of political majority. The Consti-
tuition, on the other hand, guarantees
liberties TO citizens VINO happen to be
in minority. How strongly partisan
Congress Is has been demonstrated
again and again in the past. That 1t
would act in a far more partisan man
ner If all restraint were lifted seems q
foregone conclusion.
With the Congress the final arbiter
of the constitutionality Of legislation.
the people would be at the mercy of
every whim and caprice of the politic-
al party in power. There would be no
balance wheel, no authority to insist
that the laws enacted should conform
to the constitutional guarantees to
the people.
Evening star., 1935-06-04
Senator's Defense of
President Is Illogical
To the Editcr Of The Star

To the Editor Of The Star:
The defense by Senator Robinson
of President Roosevelts reaction to
the Supreme Courts decision on his
New Deal legislation is rather amusing
to say the least.
The Senator says that the Presi-
dents critics might as we'll urge that
the enactment of the law against kid
naping and bank robbery was tyran-
NAL invasion Of State rights as to
argue against the Presidents efforts
to put an end to chiseling. sweat shops
and child labor by codes.
Among other things the Democratic
party stood on the doctrine of State
rights, claiming thst the States had
retained jurisdiction over their eco
nomic. social. political and police mat
ters. where not specifically delegated
to the Federal Government.
think there is some similitude In
these laws as drawn by the Senator
The former laws referred to do usurr
the police power of the States, and the
only jurisdiction I can see for their
enactment Is the inability of the States
to cope. with the general interstate
character of the offenses they seek to
eliminate, while the so-called New
Deal cases, at least by implication
might have been held valid had their
context been more explicitly set forth
by their trainers.
But the point I make Is, that
although the Democratic party is COM
mitted to the policy of home rule and
State rights we find Senator Robinson
a conservative Democrat, fighting fol-
Federal legislation of social, economic
and intrastate matters, directly op-
posed to the principles of his party
I would like to know by what mental
gymnastics this same Democratic
Senator can justify his opposition to
the so-called anti-lynching bill on
account of its supposed unconstitu-
tionality? What curious sophistry!
HUvER I. BROWN.
Evening star., 1935-06-04
Presidents Courage Lauded
In Veto of Creenback Bonus

for the sake Of concessions from the
other side. But for President Roose-
welt to accept the bonus bill as rider
when he would not take it as sepa-
rate measure would not be compro-
mise it would be surrender. And
that he will not do. Even those who
did not approve of the veto Of the
Patman bill can surely admire the
Presidents refusal to be forced into
signing a similar proposal attached
as rider to some other measure"
Evening star., 1935-06-04

Some one wanted to know which is
the most-used key on the average
typewriter.
One has but to look down at any
machine to answer that.
The letter "e" Is the most worn on
the average keyboard.
The entire middle bar is often miss
ing, as well as the central part Of the
upright.
This finding, Of course, agrees with
general knowledge.
Poe, in his story about "The Gold
bug" made the frequency Of use of
certain letters play part in the solu-
ton Of the mystery.
The letter "e," as we recall, was
there given as the most used in the
English language and there can be
little doubt about it.
i
Many millions Of words must be
written on typewriter to show this
wear in any degree.
Considering what q prominent part
this invention plays in modern life
very little is written about 1t.
Yet many a person regards some
particular typing machine almost with
affection.
Many a man is q crank" when II
comes to faithful arrangement of keys
type, ETC., which adorns his desk.
II he has pounded the keys on this
specimen for many years, as many
have, he will resent others using It.
almost as some men dislike to loan
their fountain pens.
1t Is the matter of the tension.
Others spoil it.
Tension is very curious thing.
1t is the adjustment OF the pressure
one must use on the keys.
And right there comes the entire
matter Of how long one can use q
machine.
Do you pound on 1t as II irving
to drive the stand clear through to
the proverbial China?
Then 1t will not last very long.
But the operator who can use
enough strength, but no more than
is necessary, is in fair way to max
ing it last far longer than many would
believe possible, judging from other
standards
Adjustment Of the tension Of the
machine enables the user to achieve
a clean-cut, direct stroke on the
keys, without wasting energy.
Some one has calculated Just how
much energy is used in typewriting
and 1t is far more than one might
imagine.
We recall having read somewhere
that If person were to start oper-
ating tipping machine in a cold
bath, the temperature Of the water
would be raised to the boiling point
after a while.
One may think 1t would take q
long time, but the final result might
be as stated, although we doubt it.
At any rate. there is considerable
energy used in slamming the fingers
down on the keys so many times q
minute, hour after hour.
- ~
A very light tension Is probably the
best.
Many who say they prefer a heavy
tension have never experimented tc
see what they really do like in this
matter.
The amount of nervous energy put
forth no doubt has a great deal to
do with it. Every one has seen users
of typewriters who hammer the keys
hard enough to break them,
Evening star., 1935-06-04
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.

Experiments We need
To make our race superior.
Professors still proceed
Toward benefits Interior.
Each scientific call
Resorts to new experiments.
We're test tubes one and all
Containing strange ingredients.
We ladle from the stream
OF Time that flows so dashingly
Some drops that brightly gleam
While they are caught so hashingly
Perhaps they bid us know
A lot Of germs proliferous
In an explosive show
That's often odoriferous.
Evening star., 1935-06-04
Supreme Courts Permanent Home

Yesterday the Supreme Court Of
the United States held its last session
in the chamber which it has occu-
pied for q century and q quarter,
formerly the meeting room Of the Sen
ate. Today it has moved, theoreti-
cally though not actually, to its new
home across the square into the mar
bic building which has just been
completed and which will doubtless
be its permanent establishment so
long as this Nation shall survive.
The first home of the Supreme
Court was at the foot of Broad street
in New York City, where it met Feb
ruary /, 1870. A year later it was
moved to Philadelphia and occupied
space in the city hall building next
to Independence Hall. When the
Government moved to Washington in
1901 no specific provision had been
made for the court, but the Senate
permitted the justices to use a small
room on the first floor Of the Capitol,
later, during some work of reconstruc-
ton, moving it across the hall to An
other chamber. Vague records indi-
cate that during this period the court,
badly accommodated in the Capitol
Building, sat at one of the Washing
ton hotels on Pennsylvania avenue,
west of the Capitol. After the Capitol
was burned by the British in 1914
the court moved again. to the home
of Elias Boudinot Caldwell, clerk of
the court, at 206 Pennsylvania avenue
southeast. In 1877 it returned to the
Capitol and was quartered in a cham
ber that was characterized as little
better than a dungeon" In 1859,
when the Capitol wings were con-
structed and the Senate moved into
its new and present chamber, the old
Senate hall was established as the
supposedly permanent home Of the
court, which 1t has occupied contin-
uously save for . brief period Of re-.
pairs occasioned By IRE in 1898, dur.
Evening star., 1935-06-04

Every precaution is assured in the
administration of Federal funds, al
though cynical citizens may find it
hard to rid their minds of suspicion
that where four or five billion dollars
are concerned there is very likely to
be some political chiseling.
Evening star., 1935-06-04

Science has long been looking FOR
some method Of getting all the heat
required directly from the sun. Never
theless, the coal mine continues to be
watched as the point that makes the
fuel supply one Of the trouble indi-
Gators.
Evening star., 1935-06-04
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN.

A reader can get the dnsper to
any question of fact bytDriting The
Washington Epening Star Intor-
nation Bureau, Frederic J. HdSkin,
Director, Washington, d. C. Please
tnclose stamp for reply.
@. How much weight can q man
carry safely?-W. w.
A. Fifty per cent of a mans weight
may be carried now and then, but as
q continuous burden, 40 per cent Is as
much as should be attempted.
@. How often Is the correct time
broadcast by the naval broadcasting
station?-G. D. s.
A. Time is broadcast 20 times a day
at ll3 kilocycles by Station NAA. the
naval broadcasting station.
O. Please give the dimensions of the
rejecting pool near the LincolE Me-
mortal in Washington.-J. B.
A. 1t Is 1922 feet long and 100 feet
wide. The average depth is about 3la
feet. The pool was completed in the
Fall Of 1922 and cost about $500 900.
The water in the pool is still water.
1t is filled, then emptied and cleaned
and refilled.
@. What royal family has ruled for
the longest period?-G. w.
A. The reigning family Of Japan.
The Emperor Of Japan traces his line
back to Jimmu, who ascended the
throne in $50 BIC.
@. Does the banyan tree have more
than one trunk?-N. Y.
A. Its branches, touching the
ground, develop roots and form auxil-
iary trunks. In this manner a tree
spreads to wide area. Some trees
have as many as 5000 small trunks.
Q. When was "54-40 or Fight" a
campaign slogan?-A. T. C.
A. 1t was a Democratic campaign
slogan in 1874.
@. Which Is the largest bone in the
body?-K. T.
A. The femur Is the largest, longest,
and strongest bone in the body. It
extends from the hip to the knee.
O. Did George Washington ever
visit England?-S. d.
A. He was never outside Of this
country, except when he went with
his brother Lawrence to the West
Indies.
@. Has the Government prepared
any instructions to aid research in
vestigators in preparing technical
manuscripts? II so, where may one
secure a set Of these instructions p
r. B.
A. The Forest Service has recently
issued a manual entitled Writing for
Publication" copies OF which may be
had without cost from the Forest
Service, Ogden, Utah.
O. What Is the altitude of Mexico
City?-L. N.
A. Mexico City is 7,4lo feet above
sea level.
O. Has young Teddy Roosevelt ever
held an office to which he was
elected?-H. G. F.
A. Col. Theodore Roosevelt was
elected member of the New York
General Assembly and served 1919
20. In addition he has held the
appointive Offices of Assistant Secre-
tary Of the Navy, Governor of Puerto
Rico and Governor General OF the
Philippines. He was nominated as
the Republican candidate for Gov
ernor of New York In 1924, but was
not elected.
@. How many more woman than
man school teachers are there In this
country?-T. Y. F.
A. A late report gives. roughly $780,
900 woman teachers as compared with
$4,000 man teachers.
Evening star., 1935-06-04

As Indignation threatens In the
White House environment the Vice
President may expect to do a large
share of the official smiling for the
administration for several weeks to
come.
Evening star., 1935-06-04

The fact that the Weyerhaeuser
boy was returned unharmed is mat
ter for rejoicing. Nevertheless, the
criminals only kept their part OF an
ugly bargain, and the public awaits
the command. "Onicer. do your
duty"
Evening star., 1935-06-04

Former Secretary Of the Treasury
Frank Vanderlip will broadcast talks
on economics. For radio work q
knowledge Of finance has become even
more important than a song or a
funny story.
Evening star., 1935-06-04

In connection with French affairs
Caillaux Is mentioned as q money
wizard. Wizards of finance are US
ually among those who make a large
share Of the trouble in the first place.
Evening star., 1935-06-04

Reading about the time when JET
ferson hitched his horse to a tree
while he went to his Inauguration pro-
duces glow Of friendly feeling for the
old horse, even without the buggy.
Evening star., 1935-06-04

mality as an incidental condition that
might disappear in the natural course
of events If further skull changes
affecting the part stopped and If d.
rect inheritance Of the abnormality
did not meanwhile beeQD rooted"
Evening star., 1935-06-04

The news from mysterious India was
far more satisfactory when it concen-
trated on poor Mahatma Gandhi's fail
ure of appetite.
Evening star., 1935-06-04

There are passing moments OF
gloom, but hope cannot fail to -four
ish so long as there are four or five
billion dollars awaiting expenditure.
Evening star., 1935-06-04
A Rhyme at Twilight
By
Gertrude Brooke Hamilton
Lazy.BOnes

My collie follows me at idle pace.
Idly, my favorite lounging chair I
tip.
The dog is yawning up into my face
And sleeps, as deeper in my chair
slip
To watch a strip of daylight on the
wall
Lose any pattern while the sun goes
down
And shadows Of Summer twilight
fall
Over Q lazy town.
Evening star., 1935-06-04
Eagle.

In recent days 1t has been said
The eagle blue Is turning red.
Sometimes in fear our breath
we'd catch
While wondering what her eggs
would hatch.
Amid the feathers and the fuss
We hear about "E Pluribus,"
With "Unum' as the loudest call:
It's the same old Eagle after all.
Evening star., 1935-06-04
Restrain

what would you think Of electing
a woman to the U. s. presidency"
I'D think we'll of the idea," said
Senator Sorghum. Our talk is grow
ing abrupt and colloquial. Maybe
we statesmen would be more studiously
polite If we had to remember that
there is q lady President"
Evening star., 1935-06-04
Foundation Material.

Foundation Material.
We're making history every day,
New trimmings often We display
With peaceful elegance and grace
Or patterns with q warlike trace.
We dance to measures light and fair
Or hear the martial trumpet blare,
But whatsoe'er may be the pace,
We're just the same old human race.
"It's best to be agreeable" said
Uncle Eben. DE boy dat brings de
teacher a red apple may not be so
quick In his lessons but he hah nat
url sense" "a
Evening star., 1935-06-04
Sure to Divide.

Sure to Divide.
From the Pasadena Post.
Europe Is said to be divided on effect
Of the Hitler talk. Europe may be
depended upon to be divided on any.
thing that happens.
Evening star., 1935-06-04
ExneriencA Teaches.

Experience Teaches.
Does our friend the former Secre-
tary Of the Navy know what to do in
this emergency"
Precisely. He runs true to form
and calls q conference to decide what
to do with & ship Of state at sea in q
brainstorm."
Evening star., 1935-06-04

Jud Tunkins says what he wants
from the political economists Is more
work and less worry.
Evening star., 1935-06-04

Rate bv Mail-Payable In Advance.
Maryland and Virginia.
Daily and Sunday. l yr, $1,000; mo-. S5c
Sunday only. j yr.. $500; mo-. 40c
Evening star., 1935-06-04
All Other States and Canada.
Member of the Associated Press.

Daily and Sunday / yr., $1,000; mo-. ST. nt
SUNDAY only. VI. $500: l mo-. SOC
Evening star., 1935-06-04

@. What royal family has ruled for
the longest period?-G. w.
A. The reigning family Of Japan.
The Emperor Of Japan traces his line
back to Jimmu, who assembled the
throne in $50 BIC.
Evening star., 1935-10-10
Marriage Licenses.

Harry r. Ksske; %; 374o FenTick St.
"a. :,4os Georgia ave. Rev. H. M.
Hennig
George L Burrows. jr.. %. 33 Longfellow
St. and Audrey E. BIinkley 20 1928
New Hampshire ave; Rev. NJ. W; Hyle.
Natalie H. Keeney. 20. Cordova Apart
Joe N. Garner. 81, and Dorothy T Du
rahe srahe Is both of I317 De Sales St;
walter II. Johnson. "a. and Eleanora B.
Seidler. q, both OF 1909 Both ST. se;
Pey w b. Hill.
Asd * both sSTs OF s Fsnon end ST. MaFy ns Ret Tufke5
Ricard A. Johnson. "a. Seminary Hill. Va.
and Evelyn F. Kidwell. Is, Edmonston,
Hedge Fairbank. 25. Fairbank Md and
Hope Miller a3. 1916 Eames pi. ne.
SAMUEL ReS + p aaiI Bowman ma 144 North caroIin,
ave, Sc. and Barbara M Henry. 20.
% iGth ST. ne; Rev. D. L. Ennis
HpGter, 80. waynesboro. Va; Rev. S, E.
william A Newlands. "a. Tarrytown. N Y.
ea eno Eyaiyn ya F, Grittenden. 30, shellman,
Leslie J. ofuft. -. Mes04ftheg s04 irving St. and
Jamie Brannan. 21. 22l3 Georgia ave
rrs6E ssE' selson 4 s. BOsge' s' 1914, sth St and
Elizabeth Hollawsy. -. Al Ridge ST.;
judge Robert E. Mattinsly,
Ihompston Garrett. 20 and Bette N Far
ror1 %; both OF Rockfish. Va; Rev. A,
Cecil Mitchell, %. 1929 New Jersey ave
and Catherine E. Stroud. is. 33i-A Elm
Ramona s1i 1Sdge 5.1Sst Robert E. MattingIy:
ave: and M Henrietta L, ArmsWortby
rrss1lx SSs Quincy st.; Rev; .. T. Campbell.
and RUBY N shoWalter ts ea sesmoRT snoTviile f...
Va; Rev. c. B. Douthltt.