davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1935-10-27
Ghost of Esek Hopkins, Forgotten Man
of Sea, Rises to Add Further Complexity
to Dispute Centering in Records of Jones
and Barry.

mortal Commission in the number OF
names that could be placed upon the
memorial"
The Navy Department Is not the
only Federal arm harried in the peren-
nial campaign for official discrim-
ination between John Barry and John
Paul Jones as Americas pioneer sea
fighter. The Post Office Department
this year was beset with requests that
special Navy day postage stamp be
issued and the partisans of each man
insisted, respectively, that the likeness
of their hero appear on it. The issue
was met by decision of Postmaster
General Farley to issue no stamp at all.
The official records of the Navy
show Capt. John Barry, more COM
monty known as Commodore Barry,
although that now obsolete rank had
not been created within his lifetime,
was born in Wexford, Ireland, in
1745. He came to America as child
and early went to sea. Eventually
he became a noted captain of mer-
chantmen in the days preceding the
Revolutionary war.
The other outstanding naval hero
of the Colonies fight for inde-
pendence was born In Arbigland,
Kircudbright, Scotland, in 1747. He
was adopted by one John Paul and
took that name. He, too, went before
the mast early in life and eventually
found himself stranded in Carolina.
There one Willie Jones befriended him
and the future illustrious sea fighter
added Jones to his name In gratitude.
When hostilities broke out between
the Colonies and the mother country
Barry was aboard the Black Prince,
an Indiaman, which some authori-
ties believe became the Alfred, first
flagship of the Colonies infant fleet.
Arriving in Philadelphia October 13,
ITS, Barry learned that Congress
that day had passed its first resolu-
ton authorizing the creation of the
American Navy. He Immediately
offered his services to Congress and
on December was given command
of the Lexington, one of the first ships
acquired and converted to war pur-
poses, which he held until October 18,
1776. It was also on December z, TITS,
that John Paul Jones was appointed q
naval lieutenant, the first commits
stoned by the Continental Congress.
From this it is seen Barry at least
possessed seniority over Jones.
HERE enters the picture, the
forgotten man" Of the Ameri-
can Navy, who antedates both Barry
and Jones in high commands. He
was Esek Hopkins of Providence,
r. l., described as "a most expert
enced and venerable sea captain" :"
who was named commander in chief
of the Navy at the munif1cent re-
muneration Of $l25 per month. The
pay of other officers named at that
time ranged from SEQ q month for
captains Of ships Of 20 guns down
to So q month for seamen.
The Colonists' first naval effort In
Evening star., 1935-10-27
Central Figures in Controversy Made
Names for Gallantry Which Became
Known Around the World-Depart-
ment Silent in Quarrel.

THE Glasgow's escape was not at
tributed to lack of spirit or cour-
age on the part of the colonists, but
rather to want of experienced officers,
organization and discipline. It led,
however, to the eventual dismissal of
Capt. Hopkins from the Navy and
merger of his rank of commander in
chief in the presidency when that
Office was created.
In the meantime Capt. Barry, on
March 81, 1776. sailed from Philadel-
phia in the Lexington and soon per-
formed an exploit which demonstrated
the temper Of American sailors and
gave promise of the glorious record to
be written by them in Every war. On
April the Lexington. now a 16-gun
brig, came across the armed British
tender Edward and after a spirited
hours engagement forced its surren-
der, bringing the prize in to Philadel-
phia.
Barry held command Of the Lexing-
ton until October 18, l776. He then
raised company Of men for duty
on land and took them to the sup
port of Gen. Washington, to whom
he was aide for a time IN the Trenton
campaign. Next he was given COM
mand of the newly built Effingham
and with her he successfully guarded
Delaware Bay and the capes.
On October 10, 1776. Congress es-
tablished the relative rank of officers
in the Continental Navy and placed
the name of John Barry No. in the
hist of captains. On that day also
John Paul Jones was commissioned
captain and was placed No. 18 on the
list. Some authorities assert he re-
ceived a previous commission from
the president of the Continental Con-
gress, dated August 8, 1776.
Capt. Barry sailed from Boston Sep
tember IS, 1778, in command Of the
Raleigh, 80 guns. Two days later he
was attacked by three British ships
and after nine hours running fight
was forced to run the Raleigh ashore
to avert capture. He escaped with
most Of his crew, and although he lost
his ship he was highly commended for
gallantry.
For a time Barry was In command
Of the privateer Delaware, and in No
vember, 1880, was ordered to COM
mand Of the Alliance, 80 guns, and
took John Laurens. special commits
sioner, to France. On the voyage the
Alliance captured small English pri-
vateer and on the return trip took two
larger ships.
On May 20, 1881, after long, Sc
we're battle, Barry, on the Alliance,
captured H. B. M. s. Atalanta and
later the Trepassy. In the first Of
these encounters Barry was wounded.
The last naval engagement Of the
Revolutionary War was fought by
Barry on the Alliance against the
British Sybslle, 28 guns. Although
the foe surrendered, Barry was OBJ
liged to abandon his prize to escape
the rest Of the squadron Of which she
was . part.
Evening star., 1935-10-27

the town Of New Providence, In the
West Indies, where British military
supplies were known to be stored.
Troops, probably Americas first Ma
rines, were landed under cover Of
the squadron's guns and the fort
was stormed under the leadership Of
a Capt. Nicholas. Hopkins sailed
away with nearly 80 cannon, IS bar
rels of gunpowder and Gov. Brown
and several prominent Tories as
hostages.
On April 4, 1776, while of the east
ern end of Long Island. Hopkins ships
captured two small but armed British
vessels, the Hawke and the Bolton,
and soon after ran afoul of ship
that subsequently was found to be the
20-gun British frigate Glasgow. In q
brief but sharp encounter the Ameri-
can lost 10 killed and IA wounded and
the Glasgow escaped, although when
she put into port observers noted
that she showed signs of having been
treated in a very rough manner"
Evening star., 1935-10-27

RARRY'S love Of the sea remained
dominant in his life, even after
the Colonies struggle for freedom
ended in victory, and after the wal
he made several voyages in merchant
vessels. Then ensued the event upon
which his admirers largely base theii
claim that he was "the Father of the
American Navy" Upon reorganization
Of the Navy on June S, 1874, Barry
was named No. on the list of cap.
tains. His commission was signed by
Washington, dated February %, 1898
Barry next was ordered to superin.
tend construction of the frigate United
States, A guns, and to command her
when finished. He saw active service
in the naval war with France, 1898.
1901, and captured number Of French
vessels in the West Indies.
He was engaged in proving cannon
for the Government until 1902, when
he was selected to command the Medi.
terranean Squadron, but was too i'll Il
assume that duty. On November q
of that year the Secretary of the
Navy presented Capt. Barry with IAN
impression of the golden medal pre-.
sented to Capt. Truxtun by Congress
considering him Barry as the senior
officer of the Navy entitled to the
most respectful consideration"
Barry died at Strawberry Hill, hu,
country residence near Philadelphia
September 13, 1903. and is buried in
st. Mary's Churchyard.
Even a oiographer Of John Paul
Jones, Mrs. Reginald De Koven, ad.
mits validity to the Navy fathership
claims put forth for Barry. She
writes:
John Barry, returning from British
waters with the Black Prince October
l3. TITS, the very day on which Con.
gress passed its first resolution for the
founding Of the American Navy, wa,
put in command of the Lexington, the
first ship bought and equipped under
this law. This vessel was not only the
first ship which was purchased by full
congressional authority but it was
CONTINUED on Tenth Page.)
Evening star., 1935-10-27

O "Smoke Screen" painting by Lieut.. Arthur E. Beau
mont u S. Mr. ~ Undersea craft in maneuvers.
(3) The dreadnaught mehtiest of the modern
~ British bogeyman transpanted Scot who became
American naval hero He so harrassed Britain in the
Revolutionary War on the that English mothers used
his name to frighten unruy children. 5 When Admiral
J. NJ Reeves u S. N, took command of the United
States feet the deck of the u S. Pennsylvania under
the frownng muzzles of her big guns co. Forgotten
of the Navy .Esek Hopkins, Rhode Island captain,
who the first commander in chief of the American
Navy leading its first squadron into battle with British
ships in the Revolutionary War.
Evening star., 1935-10-27
Bv William s. Odlin.
. HIS is Navy day, so designated

" HIS is Navy day, so designated
in honor of the birth ami
versary of Theodore Roosevelt,
i ardent champion of a power
full American fleet, but its recurrence
finds the Nation still without an an
swer to the question:
who was the Father of the Amer
lean Navy?"
Controversy on the subject runs far
back through the years. Partisanship
over it at times grows heated, but, year
in and year out, the Navy Department
studiously avoids any effort to settle
the issue. This year is no exception.
Inquiry at the department is rewarded
with silence or blank looks
Candidates fof the honor of being
known in history as Father of the
Navy are John Paul Jones and John
Barry. Many and convincing are the
arguments advanced in support of the
claims in behalf of each. But if the
Navy really knows which is more en-
titled to the distinction it religiously
keeps that information to itself.
Occasionally the controversy flares
Into public view. During the Hard
ing administration there was such an
outburst when Barry partisans dis
covered that on the memorial arch in
Arlington National Cemetery there
had been carved the names of IA
American naval heroes, with that of
Barry conspicuously missing. Almost
overnight an avalanche of protests put
the Navy Department on the defen-
sive. The wrath of Barryites was
not lessened by the fact that John
Paul Jones name stood at the head
OF thu list and Secretary of the Navy
Edwin DENLY was compelled to COM
pose a form letter of explanation in
reply.
nENBY deposed that the General
Board of the Navy had ben called
upon to furnish list of IA distin-
guished naval officers for the arch and
had in turn enlisted the help of a
committed of college presidents headed
by the late DR.. A. Lawrence Lowell
of Harvard. The college presidents
nominated Jones, Truxton, Preble,
Hull, Decatur, Perry, McDonough,
Farragut, Porter, Foote, Worden,
Dewey and Sampson. The General
Board acquiesced in toto and added
Charles Stewart, stating:
1.-THE board finds it most difficult
to confine this list to such narrow
limits, for there are many other Off
cerS who might mnSt prODnrly be
mentioned in any enumeration of
those most highly distinguished in
the Navy"
And Secretary DENLY added:
"It would appear therefore from the
statement Of the General Board that
the omission Of the name of Commo-
dore Barry was not due to the lack
Of appreciation of his distinguished
service to his country as naval OIL
Ger, but to the fact that the Navy
Department was limited by the MI
Evening star., 1935-10-27

shines in the American flag and 13
stripes, which some have said rep
resented the 13 Colonies. A more
likely explanation is that this flag
was one carried by the Alfred when
she was still the Black Prince, that
Evening star., 1935-10-27

having been the house flag of the
India Co.
The squadron, comprising the
Alfred, Columbus, Andrea, Doria,
Cabot. Providence, Hornet. Wasp and
Fly, finally put to sea, sailing toward
Evening star., 1935-10-27

Continued on Tenth Page.)
Evening star., 1935-12-03
Natures Children
The Shoe Bill (Balaeniceps Rex).

the subject, ornithologists have def.
initely placed the shoe bill as q single
species, In q class by itself, hut in
termediate between the herons ami
storkS.
You will find these creatures in a
rather restricted area on the White
Nile. Here they gather in groups of
two up to q flock Of a hundred. They
love the dense swamps where they
find many plump frogs, small fish and
sizable snakes. They are not above
decayed food. You can see what a
small chance even a little animal
would have TO escape the sturdy bill.
and with strong neck muscles, TO back
the quick movement of the head as it
bends forward toward its victim.
there are few escapes.
During July and August, the rainy
season is on In Africa, and the shoe
bills search for a spot close to the
water. but in the high grass or reeds,
where the nest may be safely located.
Here, in the soft earth, with no
thought whatever for the comfort Of
the babies, as many as IL eggs will
be laid.
Although the shoe bills are swamp
dwellers, they can. II need be, take TO
the air quickly. and fly for a short
distance out of harms way, if dis
turbed. From their point Of vantage,
they survey the situation and later
return to their chosen spot.
When fully grown, this bird will
measure about feet high. His slen-
der, black, stiltlike legs give an addi-
tional appearance Of height. His coat
is a dusky gray, his large bill yellow,
literally spotted with brown. The ex-
preston, as you can see, is one Of
serious contemplation, due. it is said,
to the bright yellow iris of the eye and
the tuft Of feather on the shoe bills
crown.
(Hnpvvg0hF Jn9sN
Evening star., 1935-12-03
n. B. c. TODED|CATE
STUDIOS SATURDAY
Outstanding Stage, Screen
and Radio Stars to Join
Hollywood Rites.

w YrTH a gala program N. B. c.
\A/ will dedicate its new and
Wv pretentious studios In
v Hollywood Saturday.
The new studios, representing the
last word in luxury and technical ex-
cellence, are located in massive Holly
wood building. formerly occupied by
Consolidated Film Industries.
Outstanding personalities Of the
stage, screen and radio, are scheduled
to take part in the ceremonies, which
N B. C. will put on the air for an hour
and a half, from 1890 pm. to IL
O'Clock midnight.
David Sarnof. president OF the
Radio Corp. Of America; Merlin
H. Aylesworth, president of N. B. c.,
and chairman Of the board of direc-
tors of R-K-O: Richard C. Patter-
son, jr, executive vice president Of
N. B. c.; Don Gilman, vice president
of N. B. c., in charge of the Western
division, and VIII Hays, president Of
the Motion Picture Producers and Dis
tributors, are to take leading roles in
the ceremonies.
Entertainers lined up for the pro-
gram include Ruth Etting, Gladys
Swarthout, Marion Talley, Irwin s.
Cobb, Jack Benny, Al Jolson, Wallace
Beery, Anne Jamison, Ginger Rogers,
Nelson Eddy. Edgar A. Guest, Phil
Regan, Bing Crosby, Joe Penner, Stan
Laurel, Oliver Hardy and George
JeSsel.
r ESULTS of the first scientific
y study of the nature, causes and
extent of fireworks accidents last July
4 will be announced by DR.. Leland Z.
Cofer, former assistant surgeon general
of the United States Public Health
Service. in a special broadcast over
N. B. c. Friday at 80 pm.
Cofer will speak from the annual
joint luncheon meeting of the Ma
tional Society for the Prevention Of
Blindness and the American Museum
of Safety in New York.
FIRST returns in a nation wide poll
Of radio listeners for an all-star
foot ball team will be reported during
the Campus Revue on N B. c. Friday
Hal Totten, sports commentator, will
give the results.
SCHLEPPERMAN, one Of Jack
Benny's most popular stooges, who
has been absent from the air since
April. will return Sunday and join the
lineup with Mary Livingstone, Kenny
Baker. Don Wilson and Johnny
Green's Orchestra.
RnLY WHITE. tenor, who made an
unhearalded appearance on the
Greater Minstrels program last week,
scored such a hit he has been signed TO
sing regularly on that program.
THE March of Time" will introduce
a new series Of 30-minute pro-
grams on Columbia at the conclusion
of the present l5-minute series this
month.
Evening star., 1935-12-03

The monologue from the second
act Of Moussorgsky's opera master
piece, Boris Godunoff" will be fea-
tured by Lawrence Tibbett, baritone,
during his recital over WJSy at $50.
His program also includes ut Is
from Mendelssohn's oratorio
Elijah" and "Betsy's Boy"
Irene Bordoni, vivacious French
entertainer, will be the guest star
on the program with Ben Bernie
and his orchestra on WMAL at 9.
Songs from Sidney Jones' operetta,
"The Geisha," are included in the
Sigmund Romberg program on WRC
at 10. Among the other numbers
will be Love Is Sweeping the
Country" ''Wintergreen for Presi-
dent" and Danny Deever."
"Barricade" is the title Of the
tenth act of "The New Penny" serial
Helen Hayes. which wMAL
will broadcast at $50,
A variety Of old and new tunes
make up the Lavender and Old
Lace" program on wJSv at g., The
soloists will be FRITZ Scheff, Lucy
Monroe and Frank Mum.
Tunes from Joe Penner's forthcom-
Evening star., 1935-12-03

said he, do you know what I would
like more than anything else today?"
"What?" asked Mrs. Reddy.
"a fish," replied Reddy. "I feel just
like having a fish. It's a long time
since I've had one"
And 1t will be a long time before
you do have one if I know anything
about it," replied Mrs Reddy. There
is ice along the edge Of the Big River
and there isn't much use in looking
for fish there"
Reddy sighed. IT know It," said he.
1T would be Just waste of time to
go over there. I'll go over to the
Green Forest instead, and try to for
get things"
So that is how it happened that
Reddy was over in the Green Forest.
He was looking for q member of the
Grouse fanny. He hoped he might
find a young Grouse not yet too wise
in the ways of the Great World. He
knew it was almost useless to try to
catch Thunderer the Grouse or Mrs.
Grouse, for they were wise in the ways
of Foxes and all others who hunt for
Grouse, including men with terrible
guns.
But Reddy was having no luck at
all. It seemed to him that somehow
every one must have known that he
was coming over there to hunt. He
couldn't find even q Wood Mouse. OF
course the longer he hunted the hun
grier he grew. The air was sharp
and that gave him an appetite which
increased as he ran about. You know
cold weather Is likely to give one q
good appetite. Finally he sat down in
q little clump of pine trees to. rest
for q few minutes and try to decide
where to go next. 1t was very quiet.
So far as he knew he was the only
one anywhere around there.
Thump Something had hit the
ground Just short distance from him
It must have fallen from high up In
Evening star., 1935-12-03
BY LILLIAN cox ATHEY.

Y TOUSE shoes must have been
- patterned after the lines
suggested by the shoe bills
Il Il bill, comfort and roominess
being the goal. OF course, in naming
Natures Children. a lot of imagina-
ton had to be used In many instances,
but there Is always a predominating
characteristic sufficiently clear to
justify the name.
The scientific name OF this native
of Africa means "Whalehead King" "
That is another thing you will find
much pleasure in, the real meaning
Of the scientific names given to the
outdoor folks. leave it to you, which
name is the more fanciful.
Until 1851. it is said, this bird was
unknown. At this time it was brought
to the attention of John Gould, q
well-known member of the Geological
Society of London, who had many
scientific volumes written about birds
to his credit. Mansfield Parkyns Of
Nottingham, England, had specimen
Evening star., 1935-12-03

one Of the trees. Perhaps Chatterer
the Red Squirrel was hidden up in
one Of those trees and had dropped
something. Reddy got to his feet and
went over to investigate. As he ap-
preached the spot where that thump
had sounded he saw something mov-
ing. Reddy wasted no time then.
Anything moving must be alive; prob
ably good to eat. He bounded for
ward. Then he gave a little gasp Of
surprise. He stood stock still and
stared. Somehow or other it seemed
to him that his eyes must be playing
tricks on him. What he saw was a
Trout Tapping feebly. It wasn't a
very big Trout, but it was q Trout
nevertheless, perhaps inches long.
Reddy looked up. He looked all about
He could see no one. He could hear
no one.
II never heard of fishes falling from
the sky" said he to himself, but If
this fish didn't fall from the sky,
where did it come from?" Then he
chuckled "I wonder who 1t was that
knew I wanted a fish so much this
morning."
That Trout disappeared in short
order and Reddy smacked his lips.
He would have liked two or three
more like that, but he was thankful
for that one. Once more he looked
up in the tree-tops but there was no
one to be seen. It was a puzzled Fox
that finally trotted of wondering how
1t was possible for q fish to fall from
the sky. He was still puzzling over it
when he reached home and told Mrs.
Reddy about 1t.
"Pool" exclaimed practical Mrs.
Reddy. 'That fish didn't fall from
the sky. Somebody dropped it."
''Who7" demanded Reddy.
(Copyright. 1850
Evening star., 1935-12-03
Blanket Mufs.

PARIS (P)-Blanket muffs are a
Paris novelty of the season. Designed
chiefly for travel use. they are made
of wool to match a coat and are lined
with some fiat fur such as squirrel.
Then they are carried thrown over the
hands like small blanket. Some of
them have an opening in the center
closed with a slide fastener, so that
they can be used as a bag also.
Evening star., 1935-12-03
How 1t Started
BY JEAN NEWTON.
Bread of Idleness.

WE ARE paying now and will con-
tinue for a long time TO aver.
age down for the years during which
we ate the bread of idleness."
This is modern economist explain
ing in ancient words that living with
out labor is day dreaming in fools
paradise, the hour of awakening and
reckoning being inescapable.
The reference Is to Proverbs XXI,
81, from, strangely enough, the all
embracing description of "virtuous
woman"
Among her 20-odd virtues:
"She looketh we'll TO the waste of
her household, and the bread of idle
ness she doth not eat"
Copyright 1851
Evening star., 1935-12-03

~ EDDY FOX was over in the
- Green Forest. Now that Win
N ter had come Reddy was not
4 y finding it so easy to get any
thing to eat. That is to say, he had
to work harder for what he did get.
In Summer there were always grass
hoppers in great numbers and Reddy
likes graSshoppers. There were young
Chucks and young Mice and other
young people in fur and in feathers.
just starting out to learn the lessons
OF life, and so much more easily caught
than were the grownups. There
were some fruits that Reddy likes.
Altogether it was easy to get a good
living. Now, with the coming of cold
weather, Reddy had to hunt for his
food
That morning when he had started
out Reddy had said to Mrs. Reddy
that he was fish-hungry. My dear"
Evening star., 1935-12-03
For Quick Cough
Relief, Mix This
Remedy at Home
NJ. B. c. BLUE NETWORK
No cookingl NoWorkl Real savingl

You'll never know how quickly a
bad winter cough can be relieved, un-
til you try this famous recipe. 1t is
used in more homes than any other
cough remedy, because it gives more
prompt, positive results. It's no trou-
bic at all to mix and costs but trifie.
Into a pint bottle, pour 215 ounces
of Pinex; then add granulated sugar
syrup to make a full pint. Syrup is
easily made with cups of sugar and
one cup of water, stirred a few mo
ments until dissolved. No cooking
needed. This gives you four times as
much cough medicine for your money,
and it's a much better remedy. 1t
never spoils and tastes fine.
Instantly you feel. its penetrating
effect. It loosens the phlegm, helps
clear the air passages, and soothes the
irritated membranes. This three-fold
action explains why it brings such
quick relief in distressing coughs.
Pinex is a concentrated compound of
Norway Pine, famous for its soothing
effect on throat membranes. a
Money refunded il it doesn't -
n1ease YOU in every WAY S
Evening star., 1935-12-03
Marry Younger.

People of England are marrying
younger than at any time since the
World War.
Evening star., 1935-12-03
Long Canoe Trip.

Russian students recently padded
5,875 miles in q canoe from Lake
Baikal to Moscow.
Evening star., 1935-12-03

Now, walk the plank, miskrent! Aw,
come on, baby. I near busted my back
luggin' the tub full of water.