davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-10-10
MCNAULT MEETS CELL TOP SHOW;
 CARR VS SALINAS
Strong Card of Sluggers Appear in Buckingham
 Bouts

(1HHbSIB AAO 0OASbos 70 "AeSS ~NAr' John J. Fan will see the most of tonight at Buckingham hall, where ten of the boys who earn their uv- ing with their lists will square of against each other in Q well-matcfS ed card sponsored by Promoter George Mulligan and the Waterbury Athletic club. In lining up the op- ponents for this evenings fistcuffs. the strategssts who want to put on a card that fans will talk most fa- vorably about until the next show had but one thought in mind "club" fighters.
 Boxers 'sOut"
 That means the boys who get on the bicycle" and stay there when the leather is flying too near their faces were the forgotten men of Fistania, insofar as this particular card is concerned. That is why Bud Mieaault and Tony Celli, 8 couple of Bay State battlers will meet in ten round bout; Leo Salvas of Salem, New Hampshire, and Steve Carr of 'Meriden, in an eiught round go; Joe Vignali and Tommy Grady of Chicopee in sixer; Andy Strong of Washington and Jackie Roberts of Newark in 8 four spot and Young Jack Sharkey mixes with Sammy Athas of Springfield in the tntro- ductory glove duel of four rounds scheduled for starting at 8:30 O. clock.
 They Hit Hard
 As punchers, Mignault and Celli are among the best. Neither cares to meet a boxer, or "cutie," which type generally makes 'em look bad. But against lads who walk into them to slug 1t out-that's what Mignaul and Celli prefer every time. Therefore, against each other, and with both showing strong right hand destructiveness in their rec ords, their ten round scrap looks like 8 sizzler from the first bell.
 Great Number
 Meriden will turn out en r1asse to see its idol, Steven Carr try for 8 decision over Leo Salvas. While trying, Steve may hit the deck if he gets careless or tries to outu- punch little Leo the Lion, for the l1eifer-like husky from the hills of New Hampshire can dunn 'em with short punches that would do credit to Joe Louis, who wreckers the op- position with the same type of blow. Carr's win over Nathan Mann, and a beauty it was, has made him the Silver City's outstanding fighter since Louis Kid Kaplan, and Meri- deing, being thes porting town 1t always was, will be on hand to a man.
 Joe vignan of Town Plott, hear- ing that his opponent of tonight, Tommy Grady of Chicopee, is hard- CT to stop than hay fever, will be out to put Tommy on the canvas ana keep him there for ten seconds. Grady can be hoored, but his physf- cal powers of absorbing punishment are remarkable for he's 8 little round man of the fatty type that sheds punches like a duck sheds water while Vignali never backed up from a punch since he first laced on boxing glove.
 All Set
 Andy Strong of Washington and Jack Roberts of Newark ares paired in a 17O pound seeking bee that ought to decelop @ little high blood pressure among the ringsiders while Young Jack Sharkey says, he is ready to open the show with Sammy Athas of Springfield.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-10-10
DARTMOUTH

Hanover, N. H., Oct. 10-(UP)- Irked by the manner in which the freshmen sifted through their line Tuesday, the Dartmouth varsity frontiersmen hurled them for re- peated losses in another defensive scrimmage yesterday. The varsity's pass defense was weak, however, and several were completed for substantial gains. Don Otis and Jack Williams, substitute linemen, have shown so much improvement, that it is certain they will see plenty of service in forthcoming games.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-10-10
TOrnmersOn Back
 With Wisconsin

Madison, Wis, Oct. 10-(UP)- Denying reports that they planned a strike, University of Wisconsin football players today promised to be "in there fighting" against Mo- tre Dame Saturday.
 Dissension in the Badger ranks reached a high point yesterday after Clarence Tommerson, regular quar- terback, turned in his suit and an- nounced he was through with foot ball. After conferring with his par ents and backfield coach Guy Sundt, who criticized hfs play in the Marquette game, Tommerson said he would rejoin the squad today.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-10-10
Greenberg Wrist
 0. K. in 6 Weeks

Detroit, Oct. 10- (UP) -x-ray pictures of Hank Greenberg's in- jured left wrist revealed today that the Tigers slugging first baseman suffered 8 multiple fracture in the first game of the world series.
 Dr. William E. Keane, Tigers club physician, ordered new sets of pictures taken last night when Hank continued to complain of pain, and the arm refused to respond to treatment.
 Dr. Keane said the wrist would be "as good as new" within six weeks.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-10-10
BOSTON COLLEGE

Newton, Mass, Oct. 10-(UP)- Boston College inaugurated secret practice yesterday as part of it's preparation for the Michigan State game a week from Saturday. Only those directly connected with the team were permitted at the work out. Continued excellent work has won, at least temporarily, team A berths for Jim Kissel, sophomore center, and Oscoe Gilman, tackle.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-10-10
BROWN

Providence, R. l., Oct. 10-(UP) A revamped Brown team will face Springfield Saturday. Three of the more important changes will shift Hinkley from the backfield to end, definitely place Stanhope in guard post, and assign the duty of calling the plays from the quarterback to Halfback Greenberg. Burt, Elrod and Foster scored touchdowns for team A in scrimmage against team B yesterday.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-10-10
College Football
HARVARD

Cambridge, Mass, Oct. 10-(UP) -Harvard's chances in its game with the strong Holy Cross team Saturday received another blow yes- terday when it became known that Bobby Jones, first string center, will not be available because of injuries. Sam Greeley, practically untried in varsity competition, will start in his place.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-10-10
HOLY CROSS

Worcester, Mass, Oct. 10.-With the freshman line serving as opposi- tion, the Holy Cross varsity re- hearsed it's plays in scrimmage for the last time in preparation for the Harvard game Saturday. While the varsity session was brief, the re- placements were given 8 long, stiff workout. The squad is in excellent shape, and repetition of last sea- sons victory is being freely pre- dicted.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-10-10
Recorders (1)
SpecialtieS (2l

Scrub Team Joe Kenney, Capt.-218. Ernie Stance, assist. capt-261. Norm Griest, second asst capt. 262. John Sterry, asst. anchor-26. John Langley, anchor-266.
 All-American Five Bob Heseltine, Capt.-375. Tom Quinlan-322. Frank Johnson-322. Joe Dunn-313. WeS McLean-307.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-10-10
Last Nights Fights
BY UNITED PRESS

BY UNITED PRESS
 New York Lenox A. C-Cleto Locatelli, 13e 3-4, Italy, outpointed Johnny Moro, 133 1-2, New York (8); Harry Balsamo, 161 1-2, New York, technically ksyoed Frank Biangasso, 157, New York CD.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-10-10
Splits And Chops From W. Mfg. Co. Loop
ever seeks an elective office he can be assured of the pin boys vote.

be assured of the pin boys vote.
 It is a well known fact that, if Frank Johnson went to the bowling alleys direct from the office, he would be a much improved bowler. Somebody on the Paymaster's team made the remark that Scribe" .Brandley should vacation often.
 Tom Marshall's return to the fold popped up his team and they took two from Heseltine.
 Joe Dunn is the find of the sea- son. Joe had never bowled before this season. He is sure burning up the league with his fast ball.
 Flash! Flash! Flash!
 Speed" Martin gets six marks in the same evening.
 Ernie Stance has turned out to be of great value as substitute. With his famous twist (body and balD Ernie is hitting them pretty good.
 Slipping-George Hughes, Frank Stein, Paul Nardozzi, Rocco Pom ponio, Louie Zaza and John Brown.
 Question Box
 Why do they call Frank OLeary "One-ball"?
 What does Jack Langley say when he misses 8 mark?
 What caused Tom Quinlan to re- turn to form all of sudden?
 How did Bob Heseltine feel We'd nesday morning?
 Why Bob King should be in a chorus?
 Why Charley Pulkerson does not give up that piano of his and get down to serious bowling!
 That's all
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-10-10

NEW TYPE TELESCOPE TESTED
 Marion, O.-CUP) - Harry Clark, 19, amateur astronomer, is testing the practicability of using a stain less steel mirror to replace glass in telescopes. Clark says steel will give good results at a low cost.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-10-10

The league-leading Time-Study outfit has proved to be no less than flash in the pan crew. The Pay masters, led by Tom Quinlan, who finally snapped out of a slump, won four points from Frank Stein's five.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-10-10
NAVY II UNDER WRAPS IN GAME
 WITH VIRGINIA
Off Day Will Bring Flock of Coaches and Scouts
 to Annapolis

Annapolis, Md, Oct. l0-CUP)- Navy's unbeaten football team meets the University of Virginia today in a game celebrating the ninetieth anniversary of the found- ing of the United States Naval Academy.
 Virginia, defeated easily last year by Navy; has shown no great irn- provement since and only last Sat- urday was held to a scoreless tie by Davidson college. .
 Navy is expected to play under wraps because scouts and some coaches from the Middies' future opponents will be on hand. Normal ly only one or two scouts go out to see the sailors but today is an off, day as far asotherfootball activity is not1oarpod
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-10-10
League Rambles

It is quite evident that Bob Heseltine' selection worries failed to hamper his bowling style. Per- haps next week things will be dif- ferent. It's quite tough to lose 8 bowling match one night and an- other thing the very next night.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-10-10

Referee: c. w. Very; Umpire: J. c. Hennessy: Linesman: J. A. Young; Field Judge: A. W. McN1il- Ian.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-10-10

Joe Kenney of the Contractors had case of stage fright. Find ing himself rolling after Bill Fin ish" Devoti. Kenney was unable to even scratch the naples. If Joe
Evening star., 1935-07-24

ty. where her maternal great
grandfather, Peregrin Warfield Brown
ing settled in 1880. The marriage Is
also of interest in Warren and Fau-
quier Counties, Va, where the Mad
dox families are among the earliest
settlers. On his maternal side. Mr..
Maddox is descended from Belle Boyd
who was famous in the annals Of the
Confederacy.
Mrs. Maddox Is q charter member
of Gamma Beta Pi of George Wash
Ington University, which is now a
chapter of the national sorority. Kappa
Kappa Gamma. Mr.. Maddox Is an
alumnus of Randolph Macon College,
Front Royal. Va.
The marriage of Miss Regina Mar
garet Enright, daughter Of Mr.. and
Mrs Maurice Enright of this city. to
Mr.. Kenneth Zelie of Kingston, N. Y,
took place in the rectory of the Shrine
of the Sacred Heart July 3. The cere-
mony was performed by Rev. John
Dunn. Mrs. Eva Faunce and MIR
Arthur Hays were attendants for. the
couple.
Mr.. and Mrs. Zelie left following
the wedding fer Virginia Beach for
their wedding trip and are now in
their home, at 14l7 Belmont st.
Evening star., 1935-07-24
to her home. White House, In Fair
fax, Va.

to her home. White House, In Fair
fax, Va.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ashton G. Jones of
Clarendon, Va, have as guests Miss
Susan Daniel of Greenwood, o. @.
Miss Grace Fowler entertained at
her home in Forest Glen, Md, Mon
day evening at q surprise shower in
honor Of Mrs. Leonard e. Wayland of
Washington, who until her recent
marriage was Miss Kathryn Harmon
Of Silver Spring. Md, The company
included a number of classmates OF
Mrs. Wayland who were in the 1884,
graduating class OF Iakoma-Si!vey
Spring High School. Among the
guests were Mrs. william Fowler
mother of the hostess, Mrs. e. I. Har-
mon, the brides mother. and Misses
Ruby Kelly, June White, Louise Hick-
erson, Laura Carmack. Adelhilde
Fritz. Betty Abbott, Nancy Watts and
Marcia Barbee.
Mrs. Walter O. Carter entertained
at a bridge luncheon Monday in her
home in Herndon, Va, when hel
guests included Mrs. Arthur Hyde
Buell., Mrs. Powell Summers, Mrs
Sigmund Newman, Mrs. Nancy Ball.
enger, Mrs. Ralph Presgraves, Mrs
Harvey e. Hanes, Miss Matilda Deck
er. Mrs. Bentley Harrison, Mrs. Ruth
Keyes, Mrs. william Meyer. Mrs. =
Barbour Hutehison, Miss Elizabeth
Leonhardt. Mrs. Charles Rider, Mrs
Cassius M. Lawrence and Mrs. Allen
H. Kirk. High scores we're made BY
Mrs. Buell., Mrs. Kirk and Mrs. New.
man.
Evening star., 1935-07-24
Recent Weddings
OF Much Interest

Miss Thelma Rixey Stinnett, daugh-
ter of Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Lee Stin-
nett of Remington, Va, and Mr. Dick
erson Griffith of Culpeper, Va, were
married in Warrenton, Va, today.
Mrs. Griffith is q graduate OF Will
liam and Mary College and a member
of Phi Beta Kappa. Mr.. Griffith was
graduated from the University OF Illi-
noiS where he was connected with the
Alpha Gamma Rho fraternity.
Immediately following the wedding,
which was attended only by members
of the families, Mr.. and Mrs. Griffith
left by motor for Narragansett Pier
and Bar Harbor, where they will spend
several weeks before returning TO
Western View, Mr.. Griflth's home
near Culpeper.
The marriage of Miss Mary Gal
lagher, daughter of Mr.. Ireneauf Gal
lagher of Cambridge, Ohio, to Mr.. VIII
liam Geran of Silver Spring, Nd, took
place Thursday morning, July lS, at
7:30 o'clock in the rectory of st.
Michael's Catholic Church, Rev. T. A.
Calnan officiating.
The bride wore a printed frOck in
wood violet made with a jacket, q
small hat of black satin and black
accessories. Her sister. Miss Cath
crime Gallagher of Cambridge, was
maid OF honor, wearing a white crepe
frock with white felt hat and white
accessories. Mr.. Robert Gallagher,
brother of the bride, who is also from
Cambridge, was best man.
Following wedding trip to Atlantic
City Mr. and Mrs. Geran will make
their home at 8la Richmond avenue
in Silver Spring. Md.
The marriage of Miss Thelma Baines
Dade Of Lanham, Md, and Mr., Paul
Augustus Maddox of Front Royal, Va,
took place in Washington July Is, Rev.
A. L. Poore of the Waugh Methodist
Church performing the ceremony
Mrs. Maddox's family is we'll known in
washington and Prince George Coun-
Evening star., 1935-07-24

YRS. ROOSEVELT has lett
NH Washington and is again "of
wv the record" after making a
4 = brief visit at the White
House, where she arrived yesterday
morning and remained overnight.
The Secretary of Commerce and
Mrs. Daniel G. Roper, who LETT
washington last week, are cruising
along the New England Coast in the
cabin cruiser, All Alone. They ar
rived in Portsmouth Harbor Monday.
Chief Justice and Mrs, Charles
Evans Hughes, who are spending
Midsummer at Breton Woods, N. H.
were entertained at dinner Monday
evening by Mr.. and Mrs. Adolph Cas-
rer Miller of Washington, who are at
Sugar Hill, N. H, where they have
taken cottage.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Evans
ruehes. ir. son and daughter in-laW
of the Chief Justice and Mrs. Hughes,
are at the AuSable Club, N Y
where they are occupying the Resa-
GCnia Cottage.
The Minister of Austria and Nine,
prochnik came to Washington today
from their Summer home at Reha'
both Beach, Del, to attend the serV-
ice at Catholic University in memory
of Chancellor Dolfus.
The Minister Counselor of the Bra
silian Embassy, Senior c. de Freitas-
Vale, accompanied by Second Secre-
tsry of the Embassy Senior Z. b.
Traga de Castro, were at the Seignory
Club yesterday and left there today
TO continue their motor trip to
ottawa
The counselor Of the Greek Lega-
fion, NJ. Nicholas Lely, returned TO
the Capital yesterday after spending
a few days in New York City, where
ht stopped at the Ambassador Hotel.
Comdr. Oscar Frias Coutinho, new
iy appointed naval attache to the
Evening star., 1935-07-24
Woman Active at IS.

Ninety-eight-year-old Mrs. Sarah
Davidson of Parkstone, England, en-
joys cold bath and long walk every
morning.
Evening star., 1935-07-24
Debutantes of Next
Season to Be Eeted

Mrs. Neitah King will be hostess at
an informal dance tomorrow evening
in the Lee room of the George Mason
Hotel in honor Of q number of young
ladies who will make their debuts next
Winter and who are remaining in
Washington through the Midsummer.
Dancing will be from o to IL O'Clock
and . large number will 70 from
Washington to the dance, which also
will be attended by several guests
from Alexandria.
Evening star., 1935-07-24
BUSINESS MEMS OUTING
TO Be HELD TOMORROW

The eleventh annual outing of the
Columbia Heights Business Mems As
sociation will be held tomorrow at
Bay Ridge. The Georgia Avenue
Business Mems Association will Join
in the affair.
Members of the two organizations
will meet at Fourteenth and Kenyon
streets at Q am. to travel TO the ex-
cursion grounds by automobile cara
van. They will have a motor cycle
escort to the District line.
Leslie c. Rucker heads the COM
mittee in charge. Louis r. Gottlieb
is in charge Of transportation. z. r.
Reavis is program chairman.
Evening star., 1935-07-24
Mrs. Roosevelt Leaves
Washington Again After
Stay at the White House
Austrian Envoy and Nine. Prochnik Spending
Day in Capital Brazilian Diplomats
in Canada-Other Official News.

Brazilian Embassy in Washington,
has arrived and is at the Mayfower.
Comdr Coutinho came here direct
from Rio de Janeiro to succeed the
late Capt. ]. Agu1rre.
The First Assistant Postmaster
General, Mrs. William w. Howes. has
left for San Diego, Calf, where he
will attend the postal convention and
visit the exposition. He Will stop in
his nome in South Dakota on his
return East for brief visit with Mrs.
Howes and is expected to arrive in the
Capital about August 3.
The Assistant Secretary of the
Treasury, Mr.. Lawrence Wood Rob-
ert, jr., will return this afternoon
from Philadelphia, where he went
yesterday.
The Second Assistant Postmaster
General, Mr.. Harllee Branch, will
leave tomorrow TO attend the New
York State Rural Letter Carriers
Association Convention, which will be
IlGlu Az OblGhs Q1ls ~ 0AASAA "AA 40
turn to Washington Saturday after
noon.
The executive assistant to the Sec
retary of State, Mr.. Thomas HeWes,
Is spending the Summer at Farming
ton, Conn.
The executive assistant to the As
sistant Secretary OF State, Mr.. Keith
Merrill, will spend the week end at
Pride's Crossing. Mass, where ne Will
join Mrs. Merrill in their Summer
home.
Mr.. r. w. Mccullough. works
progress administrator OF West Vir-
ginia, was accompanied to Washing
ton by Mrs. Mccullough on his pres
ent trip from Charleston and they are
at the Mayfiower Last year when
Mr.. Mccullough was associated with
the Public Works Administration Of
fee here he and Mrs. Mccullough
had house in the city,
Evening star., 1935-07-24
Entertain
Parties on
Home Visits
M a ryl a n d Virginia
Events Give Days
of Activity.

THE Rev. and Mrs. James 8. Cox
and daughter Of Silver Spring,
Md, are visiting Mrs, Cox's parents.
Mr.. and Mrs. b. P. Harrison. In Lees
burg, Va. The Rev Mr.. Cox Is vicar
Of the Church of Ascension.
Supt. of Schools and Mrs. Wilbert
Tucker Woodson Of Fairfax, Va, have
with them their young niece and
nephew, Helen Virginia and Robert
Green, jr, of Newark, N. J.
Mr.. and Mrs. Carleton X. Lewis
of Lyon Park, Va, have as guests
Mr.. Lewis sister and family, Mr.. and
Mrs. Dale @. Brush and Miss Rose
mary Brush, of Rochester, N. Y.
DR.. and Mrs. Lloyd Y. Beers of
Silver Spring, Nd, had as recent
house guests DR.. Beers parents. Mr..
and Mrs. J. F. Beers, of Bath, Pa,
and Mr.. and Mrs. Floyd Miller and
laughter Grace, also of Bath.
Mr. and Mrs. Frederick " Waugh
oA Aurora Hills, Va, are spending
this month with their parents, Mr..
and Mrs. L. wilcox, at Binghamton
N. Y, and Prof. and Mrs. F. Waugh
of Amherst College at Amherst, Mass
Mrs. Richard James will return to-
day to her home in Silver Spring,
Nd, from q visit to Braddock Heights,
Md.
Mrs. William NJ INLAY, assisted by
her daughter, Miss Lucille B. INLAY,
entertained informally at bridge last
evening at her home in Lyon Park,
Va. Among the guests were Mr.. and
Mrs H. w. Kitzmillor. Mr.. and Mrs.
Jerry Jeffords, Mr.. Philip Krautwurst
Of Washington and Mr.. William Grad
lin of Arlington County.
Miss Phyllis Richardson, younger
daughter Of Mr.. and Mrs. Frederick
Dawson Richardson, who has been
visiting her uncle and aunt. Mr. and
Mrs. Ralph Kirper Tallant, in Wells
boro, Pa, for six weeks, has returned
Evening star., 1935-07-24
SHRINE TO Be VISITED

The Sodality Union of Washington
will make pilgrimage to the Shrine
Of Cure de Ars at st. Mary's Church,
Newport, Md, Sunday, August ls. Bus
transportation will be furnished those
making the trip
Rev. William J. Baldus, builder Of
the shrine, and Miss Mary Mattingly,
president of the Sodality Union, are
in charge of arrangements for the
days program. Projects of the va
rious Washington SodalitieS are 10 be
Oraennt
Evening star., 1935-07-24
Miss Doudge and
MIR. Hibbard Engaged

Mrs. Barton r. Doudge Of Warren
ton. Va, announces the engagement
of her daughter, Grace, to Mr.. James
Monroe Hibbard. son of Mrs. Hibhard
and the late Mr.. James NJ. Hihbard
of Melrose Castle, at Casanova, Va.
Mrs. Doudge and Miss Doudgs re-
turned to Warrenton last year after
spending several years in France and
Switzerland, and are living at Para
disc. on Winchester street. Mrs.
Evening star., 1935-07-24

Doudge's elder daughter. Nine. d'Hel-
Ter of Switzerland, and her infant
daughter are spending the Summer
with them
No date for the wedding is an
nounced.
Evening star., 1935-07-24
Mrs. Watson Gives
Picnic at Camp Hunt

Mrs. Jessie Watson, past queen of
Samla Temple, Daughters of the
Nile, will give a picnic Sunday at
Camp Hunt, on the Mount Vernon
Boulevard, for the members and their
friends.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-06-04
DOLL HOUSE DRAWS
MANY SPECTATORS
More Than 600 U, S. Officials
Diplomats and Social Lead.
ers at Preview.

Continuous lines of spectators form
ed today to inspect Colleen Moore s
famous half-million- dollar doll house
as 1t went on public exhibition in the
department store of Lansburgh e. Bro.
for the benefit of crippled children at
Children's Hospital.
At times from $50 to 200 persons
were in line waiting to inspect the
wonders of the little palace which
represents the efforts of artists of ma
tional reputation in many of the fields
OF American art.
More than 500 Government officials.
diplomats and business and social
leaders of Washington attended the
premiere showing of the doll house
last night. The house will remain
in Washington through next Monday
Today and for all the balance of
this week admission will be 20 cents
for adults and 10 cents for children.
While the doll house will be shown
only during store hours on its regular
schedule. it is possible that demands
from people who work during the day
will force the opening of the store for
at least one night in order to accom-
r1odate these requests.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-06-04
Montgomerys Will
Return to Capital

Mrs. Edmund Brewer Montgomery.
wife of the American consul general
in Havana. will have with her for the
Summer her two sons. Mark Reid
Yates. Sd. and John Sellers Yates.
Mr.. and Mrs. Montgomery will be an
addition to the diplomatic set of the
Capital next Winter and occupy their
house in Massachusetts, avenue when
Mr.. Montgomery, after two months
leave, will be on duty at the State
Department. Mrs. Montgomery. the
former Mrs. Mark Reid Yates. who
acts as hostess at the American En-
bassy, assisting Ambassador Jefferson
Caffery at all important functions,
speaks Spanish fluently md is versed
in Spanish literature and history.