davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1935-11-25
PARIS RAISES GOLD .
RATE ET0ENDD
Fall OF Laval and Panic
Feared as Withdrawals
Continue.
BACKGROUND

program launched in prosperous
days of 1926, tDILen Poincare stabu-
ised franc. Income from tourists
and export trade is tOdy dot0n. Gou-
errment placed high tar on oou-
ernment securities, chief inUest-
nlent OF French popuIace. Result
is flight OF gold abroad and ever-
diminishing French reSerue. Pre-
rnier LdUal seeks to keep gold at
home and at same time prevent
unbalGced budget.
BY the Associated Press.
PARIS, November 25.-The Bank
OF France raised its rates on dis
counts and loans again today in a
desperate effort to halt the with
drawalS of gold which are threatening
the franc with devaluation.
Within one month gold valued at
approximately 2,750.00O,0O0 francs
S18l 500. .000-has been drained from
the banks vaults.
While the franc is still technically
sound. because of the heavy coyeraqe
of bank notes, Premier Laval's cab
met is threatened with an overthrow,
leading financial quarters to warn
that a panic may arise if the drain
OF the gold reserves is continued.
Financial authorities estimated that
1,000,000000 francs worth of gold
had been withdrawn since November
IA.
The bank discount rate was raised
to 6 per cent from 5 per cent. It
was the third such boost in the last
10 days.
Credit BOlstered.
The interest rate on treasury bonds
also was raised to per cent from 5.
effective tomorrow, in an effort to
maintain the treasury's credit. For
merly the treasury bond rate was
3 per cent.
The rate for loans on securities
was also increased to per cent from
6 per cent and the 30-day loan rate
was advanced to per cent from )
per cent.
The discount rate has been doubled
since November IA and now has
reached the top to which it was
boosted last Spring in an effort to
halt the attack on the franc causing
a panic.
The increase in the rate Of loans on
gold bars was the first since it was
reduced from 7 per cent August 8.
Chamber Asks Date.
Members of the Finance Committee
Of the Chamber Of Deputies, declaring
that 850,000,000 francs in gold were
withdrawn from the Bank Of France
Saturday, asked Marcel Regnier, min
lister of finance, to furnish them de-
tails.
Fear Of a panic which would lead
to devaluation was expressed in the
lobbies of the Chamber of Deputies,
which will reconvene Thursday. Some
deputies said the overthrow of Premier
LavalS cabinet was threatened. Others
described the cabinets situation as
bad, but not lost"
Speculation as to Laval's successor
in the premiership already has begun
with the names of Fernand Bouisson,
president of the Chamber of Deputies:
Francois Pietri, minister of navy, and
Georges Mandel, minister of trans
portation, mentioned to assume the
governments high command in the
fight against devaluation.
The danger of France drifting into
a European conflict over the Italo-
Ethiopian war, as well as possible de-
valuation, was cited by friends of the
government in an effort to avert cabi-
net crisis.
Financial authorities warned that
an embargo on gold would be the
death sentence" of the franc. De-
valuationists argued that an embargo
would save gold for the war chest"
Evening star., 1935-11-25

10 them, there Is nOCnlng coy OF OU-
scure about Mr.. Borah and his pur-
pose. They suffer not whit of the
confusion which appears to exist in
the public mind as a result of his
shrewd refusals to be drawn out
prematurely.
The Idahodn is out to Dhip the
nominal party leaders and leader
ship. The only tDdy he can do 1t
is to round up as many convention
delegates as he can lay his hands
on.
1t is not erdctly a secret prospect
that his aduersaries can and pill
prevent him from getting the
nomination. Bordh knolDs that. He
mast kno,U it, Every political
amateur knoUS it and Bor1h is q
long way from being an amateur.
But he can make his adversaries do
business with him, both as to the can
didate and the platform. He Is the
only big-name drawing card, the only
box Office star, and they may have to
go more than a little out OF their way
10 meet MS terms.
Situation Too Inviting.
Most authorities see only two pos
sibilities of keeping Borah out OF the
fight. One is that ne may tire OF the
chase before Spring His friends con-
slider this hardly likely, this time
The situation is too inviting for him.
The other possibility is that his
terms may be met beforehand. This
seems to be hardly possible.
N. R. A. enthusiasts here are play
ing some beguiling cue music for the
coming December conference. They
are tuning up the public ear on the
theme that employment and pay rolls
still are away out of line with produc-
ton. The idea is that the growth OF
chronological unemployment and the
increasing number of employables
(boys out of school, etc. make new
N. r. A. absolutely necessary in one
form or another. It is good tune
for their purposes, but thinner than it
sounds.
Different Industries Used.
The public generally seems to have
Jumped toward this conclusion be-
cause the latest index Of industrial
production was around 80 per cent OF
normal, while employment was 81 and
factory pay rolls were only IA. But II
YOU will look into the disparity with
a spyglass you will find that the key
-, in the RlnSaf P6
fact that the production figures are
based on a different set of industries
than the employment and pay roll
figures. For instance. the production
figure is heavily Influenced by manu-
facturers of cigarettes. This industry
has been virtually booming since the
depression, but it employs very little
labor
For another instance, the build
inc construction industry undoubt-
edlu furnishes more labor per dollar
of expenditure than nearly any
other large industry. 1t employees
in normal times uery substantial
proportion of the total number OF
American Workers. But it is the
industry uhich has recovered least,
thus TAR.
Heavy Industries Lag.
The fact is the heavy goods indus
tries (steel, building, mining, etc)
are now operating at only So per cent
normal. Their output is only 36 per
cent Of the total national production.
whereas in 1923-1925 they produced
about so per cent Of national produc-
ton. And it is in these industries
that the great bulk of unemployment
lies today.
Also, if you base your production,
employment and pay roll figures on
1929 as 100 Qnstead of 1923-1925 av-
Evening star., 1935-11-25
Air Services Reorganized.

Britain is recognizing its air serv-
Ices so that II viii have q network Of
routes without uneconomic competi-
ttoa.
Evening star., 1935-11-25
NEUTRALITY ACT
HELD WAR TRAP
SimondS Says U. S. Nearer
to European Conflict by
Aiding Sanctions.

The manner in which the admin
istration is applying the neutrality act
is drawing the United States closer
to new European war, Frank H.
Evening star., 1935-11-25
Irwin S. Cobb
Says:
Pray and Garry Card
Telling Where Remains
Are to Be Sent.

SANTA MONICA, Calf, November
25.-To reduce taxes and speed-these
be our biggest problems at the mo-
y,1Apt
Evening star., 1935-11-25
Home Building.

Since the World War 2,65e, ,00C
houses have been built in England.
Evening star., 1935-11-25
Lorillg

!. Continued From First Page.)
Evening star., 1935-07-07

Michael's Episcopal Church. The
service was read by Rev. DR.. w. j.
Brewster, rector.
Evening star., 1935-07-07
RAINBOW DIVISION
TO MUSTER 1000
Crack World War Unit Will
Start Annual Reunion
Here Friday.

One of Americas crack fighting
units of the World War will invade
washington when the Rainbow Dlv!-
sion Veterans convene at the Willard
Hotel Friday in their annual national
reunion. Approximately 1000 veterans
are expected to attend the convention,
which will last through Sunday.
Gen. Douglas Macarthur, chief of
staff of the Army, Rainbow veteran,
who was the only divisional chief OF
staff to be wounded in action, will be
principal speaker at banquet Sunday
evening marking the close of the
sessions.
The banquet will be commemorative
of the divisions greatest battle, be-
tween Rheims and Verdun in the
Champagne sector, on the night OF
Bastille day, July IA, 1918, when the
division under the French Gen.
Gouraud, was subjected to what has
been described as the heaviest Artillery
bcmbardment in history. Gen. Nc
Arthur's address will be broadcast over
a national hookup of the Columbia
BroadcaSting System.
President Roosevelt will receive the
veterans on the White House lawn at
a time to be announced later, officials
sale.
On Friday afternoon the veterans
will be guests of Clark Griffith at the
Washington-Detro base ball game as
a tribute to Hank Gowdy who was the
first major league base ball player to
enlist in the American Army. In the
evening a smoker will be held at the
willard, with music by the United
States Army Band.
Saturdays program will include a
visit to Fort Myer, where a garrison
review will be held. 1t will be followed
by memorial services at the Tomb OF
the Unknown Soldier.
The reunion ball will be held Satur-
day evening. Sunday afternoon the
veterans will make trip to Mount
Vernon by beat.
Harold B. Rodier, 4509 Ellicott street
is general chairman of the Host Com
mittee Others on the committee are
M Manning Marcus. national president
of the division, and Walker H. Colston,
president of the District of Columbia
chapter.
Evening star., 1935-07-07
CATHOLIC WOMEN
CLOSE CONVENTION
Campaign Organized to Bring
Decent Entertainment" Into
Homes of America.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
SEATTLE, July 6.-Catholic Oaugh-
ters of America rounded out their
10th biennial confer ence with
moonlight cruiSe on Puget Sound to-
night after .,on.ertion marked by
strongly worded resolutions against
birth control, salacious entertainment,
communism and atheism.
Tomorrow's sole activity will be q
conference of counsellors for Junior
Catholic Daughters CT America The
girls will be asked TO lend themselves
to the adult orders compaigns out
lined in convention resolutions.
Miss Marguerite Martin, StaJe re-
gent for New Jersey and head IF the
committee campaigning against sala-
cious literature and suggestive art in
magazine advertisements, said I'VE
have advocated publicity campaign
to bring decent and enlightening en-
tertainment into the homes Of Amer
ica"
Evening star., 1935-07-07
Subway Problems Here Fe'o,
Says u. S. Engineering Expert
Construction Difficulties in Ne,U York
and Philadelphia Far Greater,
Government Builder Insists.

Motor Club appointed committee to
develop active citizen interest in the
feasibility of subway system and to
canvass opinion on the subject. The
group is composed Of G. Adams How
ard, chairman; J. Harry Cunning
ham, Harold Doyle, Pyke johnson
and Mrs. L. P. Castell.
Capitalization OF interest In the
subway idea accentuateo the fact that
the smallest population served by
subway is some 100000 larger than
Washington's. Boston, with 781, ,188
population, is equipped with a 28-mile
underground +ystem. Kobe, Japan,
inhs bited by 1855. has short sub
way line.
Traffic Problem Acute.
The traffic problem here, however,
IS admittedly mora acute than in many
of the more populous communities.
The arrangement OF streets, coupled
with the extraordinarily large proper
tion of automobiles pei capita, and the
coincidence of working hours makes
the transportation situation unique.
1t has been estimated that there is
one automobile to every three persons
here.
AT present. the only subway sys-
tenn south of Philadelphia is the La
CroZe underground in Buenos Aires,
serving population of 2,2l4,700. 1t
began operation in 1880, after one
year, nine and one-talf months OF
construction The first subway run
ming in Buenos Aires started in 1918,
however. The tracks of the new sys-
tenn can accommodate standard rail-
way trains. Two subways operate in
the British Isles, one to take care of
London's eight millions on its 20 miles
OF line. The other a 61a mile line,
runs under GLASGOW
Cost $700, ,000,000.
One of the most unusual of Euro
pean subways is the new Moscow
Metro" opened recently by Josef
Stain to the accompaniment of great
fanfare. 1t was built under pressure
and often encountered difficulties
which threatened its abandonment.
In 1892, after 5000 workers had
vainly attempted a number of tun-
nels, some experts called the task i'm
possible. But the Sub" was rushed
to completion and additions are plan
ned which would bring the total mile
age to so by 1898. The cost of this
project to date is estimated at $700,-'
100000. Statisticians predict it will
carry i28,000,000 passengers this year.
Japan has three subway systems.
The annual traffic of the Tokyo "un-
derground" approximates 100000
passengers. The municipal govern
ment hopes to scrape up funds to COM
plete Al miles of line about 1945.
Other systems operate in Osaka and
Kobe
Berlins subway annually carries
some 100000 passengers. Another
German subway operates at Ham
burg. It is five miles long.
A complete list Of the worlds sub
way systems follows: New York, Bos-
ton, Philadelphia, London, Paris,
Moscow, Tokyo, Buenos Aires, Madrid.
Hamburg, Glasgow, Kobe, Osaka and
Berlin.
Evening star., 1935-07-07

budget has been balanced, but added
that if this were done additional taxes
would have to be levied that would
not only soak the rich," but soak
everybody ."
While English income taxes are
higher than those in the United
States, Allen said. excise and other
levies and State income taxes boost
the total American tax bill.
Evening star., 1935-07-07
ESCAPED EXPERIMENTAL
MONKEYS STAGE CIRCUS
University of Wisconsin Scientist
to Learn Whether Simians
Grow Homesick.

BY the Associated Press.
MADISON. Wis, July 6.-Science
may learn whether monkeys can get
homesick.
Six Rhesus Simians, which escaped
their cages at the University of Wis
consin three days ago. were still ION
the loose" tonight providing a diminu-
tive free circus for one and all who
wanted to watch their cavorting
through trees and over buildings to
Evening star., 1935-07-07
Science Ends Morning-After.

Science has conquered the morning
after. or hangover, according to Kogo-
ro Murakoshi, assistant at the elec-
trical laboratory of Toxic Imperial
University In Toxic, Japan. After
three years secret experimenting Mu-
rakoshi has announced that he has
devised a method Of removing elec-
trolysis fusel oil, salycylic acid
and similar poisons usually contained
in cheap distillates. Not being q
drinking RAN he tried the results on
friends WHO to a man acclaimed his
discovery.
Evening star., 1935-07-07

A subway system could be installed
under Washington with less difficulty
and probably at substantially less ex-
pense than in many of the IA cities
which already have subways, it was
declared yesterday by Federal en-
gineers.
Obstacles, successfully overcome in
other underground railway conStruc-
ton projects, were more serious than
any which would be encountered here,
1t was said.
Because he was unwilling to appear
presumptive regarding problem
which is specifically matter for local
solution, Federal engineer who dis
cussed the subway proposal declined to
let his name be used. He based his
conclusions on construction angles
only.
Generally it could be said that a
subway in Washington would not en-
tail any particular or unusual diff
cultieS," the engineer said.
Problems Here Few.
Heavy building in close proximity
and narrow streets made subway con-
struction in New York and Philadel-
phia infinitely" more difficult tl1an
it would be here, it was said. Intri-
cate, massive and expensive under
pinning, which probably would not
REQUIRE duplication here, was neces-
sary in the more northerly centers.
Important sections of New York's
125 miles of subway were driven
through very soft quicksand. Desoite
Washington's somewhat marshy site,
soil conditions were said to be de-
cidedly more satisfactory for under
ground tunneling Wider streets and
comparatively lighter masonry also
would make subway construction less
expensive than in Manhattan, engl-
neers said New York's system cost
about s1,000,O0O a mile.
The underpinning required IN New
York and Philadelphia consists OF
carving building foundations down to
a markedly greater depth, an opela-
ton not believed to be necessary
here.
Need Suction Pumps.
II local SUBWAY PAoPoiioAto SoN
ceed in launching an underground
project, the shafts probably will be
rectangular, lined on the outside by
q waterproof membrane of pitch and
felt the accepted treatment for such
purposes. Suction pumps would be
installed for accessory moisture pre-
vention. Ventilation is effected by
the swish of trains as well as by
system of fans and air shafts.
In London and in Moscow's newly
opened "mcst beautiful" subway, the
shafts are sunk far below the earth's
surface, and some train platforms are
reached by escalator. Engineers said
a Washington subway probably would
be comparatively near the surface.
The prospect of shafts sinking in
the ooze was considered negligioie,
1t being pointed out that subway
tunnel, trains and aIl-usually
weighs less than the material it re-
places.
AS engineers speculated on the con-
struction problems of a Capital "rln-
derground." the District of Columbia
Evening star., 1935-07-07

elude captors. The monkeys had been
in custody for various experiments.
Because of food afforded by gardens,
Fred Winkleman, zoo director, said
he didn't believe the monkeys would
return to their cages until they got
homesick-and he didn't know If they
would get homesick.
Evening star., 1935-07-07
Rasputin's Brother Killed.

A brother Of Grigori Rasputin was
killed recently by a police car at
Tomsk, Western Siberia. He had been
a professional beggar for is years, and
his identity was established by papers
in his pockets. One was from Ras-
putin, written on the Cars private
notepaper and addressed from the
Winter Palace.
Evening star., 1935-07-07
u. S. Is HEAVIEST TAXED
NATION, ASSERTS ALLEN
Three Years Bring Changes, Says
Former Senator-Sees Need
of Balanced Budget.

BY the Associated Press.
QUENEMO, Kans.. July 6.-Henry
J. Allen, former Governor and United
States Senator, told visitors at Re-
publican rally here tonight the United
States In less than three years had
passed from the most lightly taxed To
the most heavily taxed Nation in the
world.
Allen asserted business confidence
will not return until the Federal
Evening star., 1935-07-07
MISS ETHEL BARTLETT
is WED TO SURGEON
Daughter of Retired Steel Manu-
facturer Is Married to DR..
James E. Thompson.

by IIIb hbbUCIdLcU Z Itoos
LITCHFIELD, Conn, July g.
Ethel Henderson Bartlett, daughter
Of Lyman Bartlett, retired steel manu-
facturer, and Mrs. Bartlett of New
York and Litchfield was married to-
day to DR.. James Edwin Thompson,
New York surgeon, formerly of Calves
ton, Tex.
The wedding, one of the largest
Of the season, took place in St
Evening star., 1935-07-07
Finds Neck Broken for Year.

HUNTINGTON, w. Va. P).-Mrs.
Harlan Parsons sought medical aid for
persistent headaches and learned that
her neck had been broken in an auto
mobile accident year ago. She was
taken to a hospital.
Evening star., 1935-07-07
Shark Leather Varies.

Leather of varying thickness. from
that of note paper to the substance
of a thick cardboard. Is being made
from shark skin in England.
Evening star., 1935-07-07
BERLIN BISHOP NAMED
Catholic Nobleman Appointed to
Heal Nazi Breach.

BERLIN. July CP.-The Catholic
episcopal Office today was advised
that Count Konrad Won Preysing,
Bishop of Eichstaett, had been ap-
pointed Bishop of Berlin to fill the
vacancy created by the death March
! of Bishop Nikolaus Bares.
To the nobleman-priest and former
diplomat falls the task of trying to
appease Nad feeling. which the late
Bishop Bares was reported to have
hurt by his sometimes scathing irony.
Evening star., 1935-07-07

France is offering prizes for new
ways to use turpentine and resin.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-12-26

TO-DAY all the Southern rivers are muddy. But
- our early explorers recorded how clean and
beautiful the rivers were"
That, from an article on IVA by Ernie Pyle is
the key to the main idea of that vast plan In terms
of the long haul, IVA is project in soil conserva-
ton. Because of the bitter fight between IVA pro-
ponents and the private utilities it has become dis
torted in the public mind as power project only.
Power, though important, is a mere incident in the
larger scheme.
Before the white man, the land was covered with
trees and shrubs that held the soil Then came "civ-
ilzation" and planting of crops without deep roots
the changing of the face of the earth from what
nature had set up for the earth's self protection
And as Mr.. Pyle continues:
Rain is washing millions of freight train loads of
soil away every year, and it goes on down and makes
the rivers muddy, and is finally carried out to sea-
wasted forever"
The same devastating process under different
mechanics is that which is going in the West,
where the grass roots that held the soil on millions
of acres were ravished to raise wheat and more
wheat" for the armies over there" In the Tennessee
Valley it's the rain in the West, the wind; but in
both places the forces of tragic erosion are at work
And SO the greatest Importance to the nation of
iva runs to the future. The Cobb desert was once
DIS DIS Is To-Day our is IN Danger,
as was that, many centuries ago. And what you are
seeing in the Tennessee Valley is attempt by the
public save the most basic of all it's resources-the
soil from which the people eat.
If you want to get vivid picture Of our land con-
servation problem, read recent book called "Des-
erts on the March," by Prof Paul B. Sears (Unver-
sity Of Oklahoma Press. If you want an effective
description of the IVA sector read the series by
Mr.. Pyle.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-12-26
A WOMAN'S VIEWPOINT
BY Mrs. Walter Ferguson

"MARRIAGE' sir" once said the smOOth-t0ngued
AVA DR.. johnson to his faithful Boswell sis much
more necessary to man than to woman for he is
less able to supply himself with domestic comforts
I quote the passage in reply to a correspondent
who thinks modern mans reluctance to marry is a
major mystery. She thinks it is stubbornness, an
anti-socal attitude, or maybe proof of our moral
degeneracy.
can net agree. If, as she says men are step
ping less willingly to the altar it is probably be-
cause, bachelors they do not lack those creature
comforts to which DR.. Johnson referred.
When the philosopher was alive men married to
obtain cooks, housekeepers and laundresses quite as
much they did to supply themselves with freside
companions and soumateS. They needed women to
dress their meat, to keep their fires glowing, to mend
their clothes, more than they needed them to
bear their children, to tend them in illness and to
listen to their conversation. Marriage was an
nonlic necessity for the average boy of the time.
During the eighteenth century girls made and
trimmed candles and later cleaned and filed lamps
Now man need only turn a switch No fires
have to be banked in his house. He lights the gas
lives in an apartment where the janitor looks
after the furnace. AS for meals-he can get quite
good anywhere in the block while for few
cents day his rooms can be cleaned for him.
Most important of ALL he is almost constantly in
the company of women. From early morning until
late at night he is osted by hordes of them. They
stampede him during the lunch hour and he sees
hundreds of them adjust their hats and put
fresh lpstick several times day.
Modern women are not gamorous or mysterious
beings to men; they always under foot, That's
why it takes mighty passion to move of them to
matrimony these days whereas in Dr.. JohnSon's
time the least FLIP Of excitement sent him running
in that direction.
In the old days. marriage for girl only
domestic evolution; she merely moved from one
kitchen into another. It's now triumph OF heart
over head, which makes it twice as romantic.