davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1935-09-22

gress gave Lynn $4,000. At the pres
ent cost of paint and labor every cent
probably will be expended. The cost
in the past has ranged all the way
from $23, 200 to $38,700.
In addition to the more than $2,-
100000 for the air-conditioning sys-
tenn and $4,000 for painting the CEN
trail part of the Capitol Ruilding,
Lynn has $28o,000 for improvement
and maintenance of his domain in
the current fiscal year.
An unestimated amount is to be
spent for modernizing plumbing, odd
painting jobs about the Capitol and
the three office buildings and the al
teration of number of rooms.
In the Capitol Building itself two
important alteration projects already
are under way-enlargement of the
Senate press gallery and transforma-
tion Of the old office Of the chief
clerk Of the Supreme Court into q
new home for the disbursing office
Of the Senate.
CHARLES ELMoRE CRoPLEY,
- chief clerk Of the Supreme Court
and his staff nave been provided with
suInptuous quarters in the new Su-
preme Court Building, but, the old
Evening star., 1935-09-22

N VOW that Congress mas ao-
I'M journed an army of carpenters,
VI painters. plaStererS, plumbers,
4 cement finishers and tilers has
taken possession of the Capitol to
give it new deal" renovizing.
From the tip of the dome on the
outside to the historic walls within
halls where once rang the golden
voices of Calhoun and WebSter-the
building is undergoing extensive altera-
tions and improvements
Nearly S2,5O0,0OO is to be spent on
the reconditioning
Painters are clinging to scaffolding
on the exterior Of the great dome,
dabbing on paint 18O feet overhead.
More painters are on the inside
touching up unsightly spots. The Sen
ate and House Office Buildings, and
even the subways below, reek with
the odor of fresh paint.
Democratic economy has delayed
many of the needed improvements
since the advent of the Roosevelt ad-
ministration, but now that the de-
preston definitely seems to have
turned the corner Congress is spend
ing money on itself.
David Lynn, supervising architect
OF the Capitol and generalissimo of
that domain, does not regard the
activity as much out of the ordinary.
Congress, he said, gave Washington,
as well as business generally, a breath
ing spell, and he is merely taking ad-
vantage of the opportunity to give
the Capitol delayed overhauling.
THE biggest job, and the most costly,
however, has not yet reached the
blueprint stage-the complete air
conditioning of the Capitol itself, the
Senate Office Building and the old
and new House ONCE Buildings. That
project alone is going to cost more
than $2,0O0,O00.
In the sweltering days of last July
even s2,000,000 did not look like a
big investment in heat relief to the
economy minded, humidity-suffering
members of Congress. They told Lynn
to 90 to work and make the Capitol,
as well as their own offices, bearable
in the Summer. ....
Although both the Senate and
House chambers have been air-con-
ditioned for some years, the members
suffered intensely last Summer in
their Offices. Some caught colds
rushing from the air-cooled chamber
to their offices and back again. Others
developed acute sore throats.
But that will not happen again.
Despite the temperature on the out
side it will always be cool and invig-
Grating in the future in every nook
and corner of the Capitol, as well as
the three Office buildings.
Engineers are now making an ex-
haustive survey preparatory to work.
ing out plans for the extensive air.
condition installation - the largest
project of its kind ever undertaken in
Washington and, perhaps, in the
United States. Lynn expects to be
ready to advertise for bids In Decem-
ber and the work will start soon
thereafter.
The job is so tremendous, however,
that Lynn believes it will take at
least two years to complete. That
means, Of course, that some Of the
members of the Seventy fourth Con-
gress will not get any comforting
Evening star., 1935-09-22

tions. A section of the visitors gallery
was reduced last year to provide addi-
tional seats for the reporters, who
up until that time very often were
forced to stand while recording some
of the important proceedings.
THE "odds-and- improvements,
which Lynn expects to complete
before Congress returns in January,
constitute chiefly the painting Of COM
mittee rooms, washing Of walls in
Offices of certain members and the
general oyerhauling of all mechanical
equipment.
One of the major projects in that
classification will be the renovation of
the large caucus room in the old
House Office Building-the scene of
many an important House inquiry,
among which was the recent lobby in
vestigation conducted by the Rules
Committee, headed by Representative
OConnor. Democrat, Of New York.
Some of the So-called minor jobs
include the cleaning of the thousands
of brilliant glass crystals on the huge
chandeliers, which hang in various
committee rooms in the Capitol Build
ing. These crystals, and there are a
| thousand or more in each chandelier,
must be removed by hand, washed and
rehung-a job that takes two men at
least two days.
After the cleaning process the chan
delierS are "bagged" in dusvproof cloth
and are not again disclosed in all their
brilliancy until Congress convenes.
incidentally, the washing of walls
| in the Offices of members of Congress
while classified as a minor job, is one
that keeps the custodial staff busy for
several months after Congress ad-
| journs.
Every time a member moves from
one Office to another the walls must
be cleaned. This is necessary because
the removal of pictures vivldly reveals
the dust and dirt on the painted walls.
The only way to remove the spot" is
| to wash all of the walls.
While there was comparatively little
moving at the close Of the last seS-
sion-that will come after the 1886
elections-nany members, just before
| leaving on vacation, rearranged the
pictures on the walls. 1t was silent
order to the wall cleaners.
Evening star., 1935-09-22

come wholly inadequate. In 1903 the
Senate chamber. which was then on
the basement floor, had fallen into
such condition that 1t was necessary
to reconstruct it. During the rebuild
ing the Supreme Court moved across
the hall to q room which at that time
was occupied by its clerk.
Reconstruction had progressed far
enough in 1910 SO that the Senate
could move upstairs to the now de-
serted Supreme Court chamber. where
upon the court went down to the room
directly under it on the basement
floor. As Charles ]. Ingersoll de-
scribed it
Under the Senate chamber Is the
Hall of Justice, the ceiling of which
is not unfancifully formed by the
arches that support the former. The
judges in their robes of solemn black
are raised on seats Of grave mahogany,
and below them is the bar, and be-
hind that an arcade still higher, so
contrived as to afford auditors double
rows of terrace seats thrown in seq
ments round the transverse arch un-
der which the judges sit"
After the Capitol had been burned
by the British, lin 1914. the Supreme
Court moved again, this time to house
near Second street and Pennsylvania
avenue southeast. occupied by Elias
Boudinot Caldwell, clerk of the court.
In 1919 Che court moved back to
the Capitol.
The new Supreme Court building
stands as q memorial to William How
ard Taft, the only man in American
history to have the distinction OF
having been at the head Of two OF
the three great branches OF our Gov
ernment and who served the Nation
in q wide range of important posi-
tions-as Solicitor General OF the
United States. United States Circuit
Court Judge, president Of the United
Evening star., 1935-09-22

Upper left and right: Cleaning and repairing the great
dome of the United States Capol-painers shown scaling
the highest columns of the lofty Top
The facade of the Capitol Building it appears
today, and Immediately beneath center, the front of the
Capitol as it looked in 1885, Extreme left: Oiling the
great bronze doors. Left Painters at work in
the Senate Office Building Right cener Retouchins
ceilings. Extreme rights massive crystal chandelier
with cloth cover fitted after its annual BATH Lower left
Repairing and reupholsterns congressional chairs Lower
unit of the ar.conditioning machinery in the
basement of the Capitol Lower, right: Repaintns and
repairing the subway leading the House Office Building
Evening star., 1935-09-22
Bv James E. Chinn.

n VOW that Congress has ad-
N journed an army of carpenters,
" painters, plasterers, plumbers,
4 cement finishers and tilers has
Evening star., 1935-08-11

of Argentina and there, too, new
government. more democratic, more
liberal, was established at the point
of bayonets.
Guatemala and Panama followed
the list and carried the revolutionary
trend to Central America, where it
was welcomed by the people with the
same fervor and joy which had &C
companied the violent changes OF
government in the South.
And finally in Chile, the last OF the
A B c powers where remnants of
absolutism still existed, the regime OF
Gen. Carlos Ibanez was sverthrown
by force of arms.
The revolutionary process was thus
made a continental one.
The revolutions which upset Latin
America in such a dramatic success
sion gave the second example, in q
decade, of the generalization Of politi-
cal trends in that part of the wol Id.
The third instance may be appre-
hended today, with the temperance
of strong governments-noS as arbi-
trary or dictatorial nor as -disrespect-
full of popular will as the previous
ones, but almost equally as destruc-
tive of individual liberties-in several
of the Latin American republics.
This time the autocratic trend is i'm
pressive not only for its simultaneous
existence in separate countries OF
Spanish America. but, as the observer
of current Latin American politics
may have noticed. for the similarity
of the methods employed In insuring
its continuance In power.
tcopyrisht. 1880
Evening star., 1935-08-11
Initiation Ban Helps
Swedish Prosperity

STOCKHOLM R).-The question in
Sweden is not the world-familiar one
of When will the depression end7"
but rather the novel one of How long
will the present prosperity continue?"
Sweden, with economic recovery
seated at the dinner table, is worried
as to how sound the recovery is; how
long it can exist as an entity without
international recovery to back it up.
Steady markets for standard ex-
ports, good crops, extensive natural
resources, a marked naturalization Of
industry and the drop in gold prices
abroad for raw materials needed in
Sweden have all contributed to the
Staying of the depression ogre in Swe-
den.
Important also has been the preser-
vation and encouragement of public
confidence, to the extent that the
present recovery has been called .
replacement hboom," with farmers
buying needed tractors, hotels buying
needed chinaware, and industry buy
ing needed equipment.
The managed money idea goes
back to September, 1881, when Swe-
den was forced off the gold standard.
A group of unsmiling Swedish finan-
cial leaders promptly held meetings,
took inventory, weighed possible con-
sequences, and announced new mon
etary program, N@h the following
main detectives: G) Retention of pub
lie confidence through prevention of
currency and credit imitation, (2)
preservation of the internal purchas-
ing power Of the Swedish krona, 80
securement of gradual rise in whole
sale prices as a means Of stimulating
domestic production.
Sweden, q nation of 5000 900 per-
sons, dependent on foreign trade, thus
girded itself to more or less inde-
pendent regulation Of prices through
monetary means.
Evening star., 1935-08-11

Continued on Seventh Pagel:
Evening star., 1935-08-11

hended in a desperate attempt to find
some basis for Anglo American part
nership in the face Of the European
crisis. That policy is natural and
there is no reason to criticise it. But
it is wholly contrary to the dominant
resolution of the American people to
keep out of a European war. In the
United States British policy is backed,
in the main unconsciously, by all Of
the various peace organizations and
champions, who continue to argue for
collective action to prevent war, not
perceiving that with Japan, Germany
and Italy each resolved to make, war,
collective action is impossible and
that our involvement in war is the
consequence of attempt
ing it.
You can't have q partnership be-
tween three powers which are pre-
pairing war and three which are
anxious to prevent it, At beSta you
can only have an alliance of the
former against the latter Japan
is resolved to modify the status quo
in Asia, Italy that in Africa and Ger
many that in Europe. War is the
deliberate and fixed purpose OF the
masters of these three countries. ia
pan has already proved it, Italy lis
about to prove it and Germany is
preparing for her day of action. None
of the actual or prospective wars con-
Germs us directly, none Of the aggres-
sive countries threatens us. But all
three have gone too far to draw back.
AS a consequence, we have to choose
between belligerency and neutrality,
since the day of prevention is long
passed.
If we mean to be neutral, moreover,
then the real problem is not one OF
enacting new legislation, but of avoid
ing old mistakes. If we attempt to
combine neutrality with the defense
of legal rights or moral principles, then
we shall become involved in the next
war a. we were in the last. But II
we start minding our own business
nov and stick to it hereafter there
il no reason under Heaven why we
should become involved.
tcopyrisht. 1880 --g.
Evening star., 1935-08-11
NEW AUTOCRATIC TREND
SEEN In LATIN AMERICA
Nations in Third Phase of Change in
Last Ten Years-Reversals' Copied
Because of Similarities.

iron handed Gen. Machado TO- the
presidential chair, Mexicans we're
craving for a Gales dictatorship, and
Bolivians enduring with resignation
the hard rule of President Saavedra.
The dietatorial crop was abundant
throughout Latin America. And the
most remarkable fact about it is that
a great bulk Of the populace in those
countries was satisfied with their ener-
getic. autocratic rulers. They believed
in progress by order, and even impo--
Sition: they expected q great deal.
from their self made bosses, and they
were. willing to sacrifice individual
liberties for the benefits of material
progress and prosperity. Books like
Chocano's Organizing Dictatorships"
and Valenilla Lans' Democratic
Ceasarism" became popular.
But when the Latin Americans had
had time to realize that faScism was
exclusively an Italian phenomenon,
and when they had seen the Primo
dictatorship in. Spain and other Euro
pean strong rulers come to pieces, that
WklCAl tAlCy 1ld0 lOol IAlClI COllAlhCklCC
in dictatorial government, their dis
like for it grew rapidly. considerably
aided by the helpleSsness of the dc
tators in the face of the world wide
economic depression.
Revolution Becomes Fashion.
Opposition to strong executives be-
came, also, general. and, nothing more
than the first outburst of violence,
staged by the Bolivians, ives necessary
to set the flame on fire.
Revolution became then the fashion,
and iron-handed governments we're
overthrown with even greater, swift
ness than they had come into power.
The influence of this psychological
contagion-made more acute by. eco
nomic complications and facilitated
by the presence of similar conditions
in the countries involved-explainS
the series of revolutionary upheayals
which swept over Latin America dur
ing 1899 and 1881. : 49,
The Bolivian revolt against, the
establishment of personalistic regime
was closely followed by an uprising in
Bolivia's northern neighbor, Peru,
against the l1-year rule of Dictator
President Leguia. The little, Musso-
hni of Peru" had been considered i'm.
mune from the attacks of the oppo-
sition, but he appeared, overnight. de-
fenseless against nationwide move
ment of reputation.
Leguia's fall was still on the front
page of Latin American newspapers
when, the personalistic rule Of Presi-
dent Irigoyen. arbitrary chief execu-
tive of Argentina, was also brought
to close by military force. The Ar
sentine Republic had been thought to
have passed the stage of violent
changes Of government, but this time
even the most progressive OF the
Latin American nations succumbed to
the revolutionary fever which was to
liberate the Southern Hemisphere
from autocratic hands.
Brazil, the largest country in the
New World. followed in the footsteps
Evening star., 1935-08-11

kitchen-living room. The enameled
range shines. Mrs. Carl Erikson. .
few doors up the street, has q blue
net frill around her dish cupboard
and a bright pink spread hung up as
q partition.
That is the pleasant side OF the pic
ture. The other is the dust that blows
in clouds. especially at the big main
camp, the dampness in tents on rainy
Gays. and maddening delay in con-
struction. Division of authority and
inefhciency have brought a train IF
doubt and anxiety TO the colonists.
Ready to Stand Alone.
Yet when construction Jagged, when
administrative delays made for con-
fusion. the most capable of the col
onists suddenly forgot that they were
Government wards and struck out on
their own exactly as American pio-
neers have been doing for generations.
Some packed tents. axes, kettles and
wash tubs and moved out to their
own "fortieS"
One can't stay in the Matanuska
Valley very long before he hears about
the Butte. In the opinion of the per-
sons who drew farms in its vicinity, 1t
is the Garden of Eden of this region.
Crops are reputed to be 10 days earlier
in this upland section. which looks
across the valley and the Knik River
to the lofty mountains. On the Butte
itself wild hay. grows shoulder deep.
Wild currants, crsnberrieS, elder
berries, raspberries and flowers Of
many varieties abound
But the Butte is miles from
the main camp at Palmer There was
no adequate road, few clearings and
no water within miles. Spruce,
cottonwood and poplar grew thick.
That didn't stop the pioneers Of the
Butte. With axes, saws and horses
they set out to build their own roads.
When, through inexperience, they
found themselves going in the wrong
direction, they abandoned their false
start, and then set OF again. When
mosquitoes came in swarmS, they
pulled black wells close over their
heads and protected their hands. with
thick gloves. They waded in water
to their armpits.
When at last the road had pierced
the woods, and opened on to high
plateau overlooking the wooded valley,
they built a temporary camp. with
cook tent and hunks. They hauled
water in gasoline can, spilling half
of 1t en- route. They brought in a
Evening star., 1935-08-11
BY GASTON NERyAL.

@OLITICAL trends have always
- spread rapidly in Latin Amer
lea Being. as they are, coun-
tries which have a common
historical background, common Ian
guage, common racial origin and COM
mon political and social Characters
tics in general. the Southern nations
are easily contaminated by political
movements appearing in one of their
neighboring states.
Conditions are usually similar in
several countries, so when political
tendency makes itself felt in, one OF
them, its effects are generally bound
to be re-enacted in the others.
This has been true of Latin Amer
lea for generations. 1t was true, when
the Latin. Americans started their
wars for, independence. and the spirit
of rebellion against Mother Spain
passed from one country to the other
with an extraordinary pace until all
the new nations were born. ,.....,
And 1t is also true Of contemporary
Latin American history. To go back
only 10 years-in the course OF a
decade we can see this propagation
of political trends in. Latin America
three times exemplified by present.
day historical events. ::
Dictators of Europe Watched.
The first time was when dietatorial
forms of government made their ap-
pearance-rather, their temperance
in the world. The dramatic sue
cess of MuSsolini in Italy, and the
successful limitations of Primo de
Rivera in Spain,. Kemal Pasha in
Turkey, Bratianu in Rumania, ETC.;
made the movement for strong gov
ernments popular in Latin America,
not many years ago. g.
So popular, in fact, that ambitious
leaders had little difficulty in adopt
ing the iron-hand rule and in pro-
claiming themselves the chosen of
Providence" for their respective peo-
piles, just like Mussolini and the 9TH
ers had done across the ocean
Dictatorial regimes appeared then
in Latin America, not in one, but In
several countries, with. differing de-
grees Of power. Some of them were
open personalistic relationships, 9TH
ers poorly disguised strong govern
ments, more or less concealed by du-
bious constitutional provisions. In all
cases they were only variations Of a
similar system of government by force,
which at that time happened to be In
favor. And they were all more or less
faithful repetitions OF the first one to
appear on the Southern. continent
that of Augusta b. Leguia in Peru.
Condition Grows General.
Thus. a few years ago, Latin Amer
ican governments presented very
uniform picture. While Peruvians
were almost idolizing Dictator Presi-
dent Leguia. three times reelected to
the presidency. Ecuadoreans hailine
Dictator Isidro Ayora their man OF
the hour" and Chileans enthusiastic
cally supporting Gen. Carlos Ibanez
their strong man, Cubans were helping
Evening star., 1935-08-11

PARIS R.-American voices call
ing "garcon" again gladden. the ears
of veteran boulevard cafe walters as
tourists return to France.
1t is still far from the old pre-
depression days, when the Place de
L'Opera swarmed with guides and
sightseeing busses.
Nobody pulls out a handful Of francs
and asks, What is this worth in real
money!" Instead, Americans may be
seen trying to translate the numerals
on their cafe Saucers into cents as
they figure how much it is costing
them to see Paris with deprecated
dollars.
Spending Shrank to Sixth.
Tourist spending in France shrank
from 10000, 100000 francs (then
$4SO, 900 ,OO0) to one-sixth of that
last year. American travellers num-
bered 296, 1000 in 1929 and were less
than one-third that number last year.
What hit the French worse was that
they spent less time and money here.
So far in 1885, tourist agencies re-
port a good increase in visitors. but
said one official, Tourists still prefer
the countries of gold, where their
dollars go farther"
But the very fact that tourists are
trickling back heartens the French,
who long thrived on them-and then
almost forgot their English for want
of practice.
The country has been actively con-
tradicting the belief that it costs more
to visit France than neighboring
countries. 1t also has had to reas-
sure foreigners by minimizing war
scares and disorders.
Americans seem convinced that Eu-
rope is peaceful, said tourist official,
leaving the cost of travelling as the
jor point of argument.
Tourists still economic, but there
seems to be tendency to loosen up
q Bit" he said. The luxury shops,
of course, are deserted.
Hotel Rates SIashed.
Hotel rates, however, have been
cut a third since 1882, absorbing most
of the difference in exchange"
The American tourist, even If he is
spending thriftily, stays longer in
France than he did year ago. Last
year the average stay was three days.
This year It Is five.
Those five days are crammed with
sightseeing. The whoopee days of roll
licking In night clubs until dawn are
gone.
Evening star., 1935-08-11
Paris Finds Returning U. S. Tourists
More Economical Than Predecessors

The tours of old are getting the
crowd again." said a tourist agency
manager. Versailles, Fontainebleau
and the chateau country are the big
attractions. It's strange, but people
rarely go to the battlefields any more"
Paris being a tourist crossroads for
Europe, the agency men here an
nounce that Scandinavia seems to be
enjoying the biggest increase In
visitors this year.
Evening star., 1935-08-11

View. Men have dug trenches to
drain the ground. Their wives have
planted little spruce trees in front Of
the tents. The Is by 26<foot tents
with plank floors and boarded sides
are clean and orderly. Take the Novak
tent down at one: end of the. street,
for instance. It is immaculate. A
mosquito netting partition separates
bed room from the combina ton