davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-08-23

measure relating to the payment Of
adjusted compensation certificates by
the 18th Of January next and to pro.
coed to the consideration and DISPOSE
ton of the bill during the session
which begins January 3, 1886.
Emergency Relief.
In the early part Of this session
more attention was paid to the $4.-
o00, 10000 work-relief appropriation
than to any other measure that came
before the Congress. The purpose Of
this huge sum, the expenditure Of
which was left in the Presidents
hands, was the elimination Of the
dole. The theory is and the practice
should be that no person capable OF
working Is to receive Government
aims. Experience had shown that the
dole system was breaking the morale
of many, and in certain sections of
the country there we're instances Of
people being content to live on the
Federal bounty rather than to accept
work, even though the wages were
higher than the dole. There was
even controversy about the rate Of
pay. Some people thought that Gov
eminent work under this appropria-
ton should pay the same wages as
any other work. The answer to this
was that it would require much more
than the sum appropriated to meet
the pay rolls, and we could never get
rid of the relief workers. So the pro-
gram was adopted making the pay
larger than the dole but smaller than
the prevailing rate. The obvious pur-
pose OF this was to insure that nobody
would stay on work relief who could
get a private job. That program is
under way, and already its effects are
visible in the diminution of the emer-
gency relief rolls. Ultimately there
will be left on the list Of those getting
direct relief merely the unemployables.
The care Of them will revert to their
States. Meanwhile, the $4,000, 000, 900
will 60 into public works, c. c. c.
camps, highways, roads, streets and
railway crossings, and various other
enterprises that will put men to work
and contribute to public improvement.
5000 900, 900 Is set aside for loans and
grants to the States to carry on their
own projects, it being specifically pro-
vided that of the allotments under
this heading Is per cent Of the Fed
eral grant must be expended for labor.
There was $500, 900 900 still unused
from last years appropriation. This
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-08-23

preme Courts decision. 1t might be
Just as well for me at this point to
tell you something about the consti-
tutional controversy in regard to some
Of the recent legislation. The effort
has been made, Of course. to comply
with the restrictions embraced in the
Supreme Courts decision. There Is
nothing novel about the questioning
Of the constitutionality Of pending
legislation. Very frequently in the
past the question has been raised, and
not infrequently the Supreme Court
has found 1t necessary TO rule against
acts of Congress that were signed by
President. For example, the Su-
preme Court declared unconstitutional
seven different laws signed by Presi-
dent Harding. Even President Cool
idge. who has come to typify extreme
caution in the American mind, Jared
no better than his predecessor, for the
Supreme Court declared invalid laws
signed by him. During the relatively
somnolent term of President Hoover
the Supreme Court declared unconsti-
tutional three measures regularly en-
acted and signed by the President.
Precedent has determined that 1t is
the function Of the judicial branch Of
the Government to pass on the valid
ity Of all laws, and while Congress
never knowingly enacts a measure
that contravenes the known opinion
Of the court, it must, In advance Of
such an opinion, accept the judgment
Of its own legal authorities.
Since the founding of the Govern
ment there have been 80 strictly Dem
ocratic Congresses and u Republican
Congresses. The others were a mix
ture Of Democratic Houses and Re-
publican Senates, or Republican Houses
and Democratic Senates. During the
time of the strictly partisan bodies,
the Democrats passed 20 acts declared
unconstitutional and the Republicans
~. Therefore, you find that the Re
publicans have passed 10 per cent Of
the acts declared unconstitutional and
Of these unconstitutional acts were
passed under the administration of
the Republican President and popular
war hero, Gen. Grant. So why all the
constitutional partisan furore?
Bus and Truck Regulation.
The Seventy fourth Congress also
for the first time brought under Fed
eral control the buses and motor
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-08-23

was Jumped In with the rest, 50 In
all there is due to be spent nearly
IS, 1000, 100000 to get people on the
relief rolls and into employment
which, while not paying enough to
put them into competition with the
labor in private enterprises, will pay
wages sufficient to keep going those
until the superior pay Of private en-
ployment takes them out Of the Gov
eminent service.
Banking Act Of 1888.
The banking act was one Of the
measures about which there was con-
siderable controversy, between those
who sought to have closer Govern
ment control of the Federal Reserve
System and those who sought to di-
minish the Governments part. There
was finally enacted a compromise be-
tween these two groups. The Board
Of Governors of the Federal Reserve
System is to be made up Of seven
members appointed by the President.
After February !, 1886, the Secretary
Of the Treasury and the controller
of the currency, who have heretofore
functioned, will be eliminated from
membership. There is provided a
Federal Open Market Committee,
having charge Of open market opera
lions and the Reserve Banks will act
in accordance with its instructions.
This committee is composed Of the
Board of Governors and five members
to be elected by the Federal Reserve
Banks. 1t is also provided that pur-
chases of obligations must be made in
the open market. The measure places
a curb on the use of funds for specu-
lative purposes by making it more
difficult for member banks to alter
reserve requirements on deposits. Re-
serve banks are required to restate
their discount rates every 10 days,
subject to the approval Of the board.
National banks are permitted to
make real estate loans up to so per
cent Of the appraised value of the
security offered for a term of years,
except in cases Of amortized loans
when 60 per cent may be loaned for
q 10-year term. The measure broad
ems the eligibility requirements of
paper upon which the Reserve banks
may make loans. 1t provides that
officers, directors and employees Of
Reserve member bank may serve in
similar capacity in one other bank II
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-08-23

trucks that so suddenly became an
element in our transportation system.
The railroads complained that whereas
they were under strict control by the
Interstate Commerce Commission, that
while they have to pay for rights Of
way and maintenance of their road
beds, this new competition was ex-
empt from all these restrictions. That
buses and motor trucks Use the pub
lie highways without tax or charge.
make rates to suit themselves, effect
mergers or institute competition Just
as they please. There is Of course,
the other side to the story, the argu-
ment Of the bus and track companies
that they perform a service the rail-
roads cannot perform, for they gather
their passengers and freight wherever
they happen to he and deliver theLl TO
the doors Of their homes or their
places Of business. Out Of the con-
troversy has come this new law, which
provides that the Interstate Commerce
Commission shall regulate these serv-
ices and see to it that they supply
adequate service and insure safety Of
operations and equipment. The bill
leaves out Of such control specific We
hicles, such as those used exclusively
il carrying live stock, fish or agricul-
tural commodities, or in the distribu-
ton Of newspapers, or those which are
used and controlled and operated by
farm cooperative associations.
The legislation that has been en-
acted is, Of course, only 1.-THE Of the
output of the session that began with
the new year. Such important meas
ures as the public utilities bill, seeking
control Of the holding companies; the
tax bill raising surtaXes in the higher
brackets and increasing the tax on
large estates and several others are
still passing through the legislative
hopper. The Guffey coal bill, designed
to keep economic peace in the soft
coal fields, o1Sy passed the House
day or two ago. We have passed laws
affecting mines and minerals, railroad
transportation, extending deposit in
surance, protecting wild life and game
We have added to the farm credit
law, providing for loans to farmers for
crop production and harvesting; de-
clared a policy in regard to soil
erosion; amended the home mortgage
| financing act; amended the farm
| mortgage act benefiting the tenant
farmers and share choppers; regulated
| CONTINUED on Thirteenth Page)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-08-23

For example, World War veterans
have been restored to former rates Of
compensation for disabilities, incurred
during service and rs per cent Of the
former rates for those whose dis
abilities are described as presump-
tive, meaning that, while it cannot be
established, their disabilities are pre-
sumed to have resulted from their
period in the Army. Civil War vet
Grams and their dependents are aided
by a restoration of per cent. Span
American War veterans and their
dependents benefited by a complete
restoration of pensions at an in
creased cost of about $4,000, 900.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-08-23

New hospitals and additions to ex-
isting veterans hospitals are taken
care of by the appropriation Of $2l,-
000, 900, and free disqualification is
extended to peace-time veterans who
are on the pension rolls.
Another bill extends the period
during which claims for adjusted
compensation may be filed to Janu-
airy 2, 1910, giving opportunity to
every soldier to obtain what he is
entitled to when this adjusted COM
pensation falls due.
In addition, an arrangement has
been eected to have the Finance
Committee consider and report
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-08-23

There seems to be general inn
preston that all the soldier legisla-
ton acted on during this session OF
Congress was the soldier bonus bill,
which was vetoed by the President,
the veto being sustained by the Senate.
Actually, there was number Of
measures Ia aid Of the ex-soldiers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-08-23

Continued on Thirteenth Page)
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1935-08-30
Chief Tax Burden Has Shifted
From Rich to Poorer Classes

gross income reported only $4,000
net, with about 100000 of tax free
income. An examination by the bu-
reau indicates that his report was
somewhat modest, and that additional
taxes of over 100000 were due"
Farm Losses" Reduce Taxes
big taxpayers also reduce their
taxes by obtaining allowances as busi-
ness losses of the expense of show
farms, ranches, racing stables. Tax
payers @B,' &C" and ID" are three
such distinguished farmers each of
whom has regularly lost from S150,000
to 100000 a year in their farms.
Such farm relief is not available to
smaller taxpayers
Mr. Jackson estimates the Ford
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1935-08-30

Washington, D. G. (ILNS)-In the
disaster year of 1882, when the coun-
try seemed to be facing economic de-
struction, 5S taxpayers reported net
incomes of more than $1,000,O0O each.
Of these taxpayers SO, or more than
20 per cent, belonged to IA families.
Even the hard-boiled senate finance
committee gasped little when this
sample of the concentration of wealth
was read to them by Robert FL. jack
son, counsel for the Internal Revenue
Bureau.
The 36 typewriter pages of Mr..
Jackson's memorandum are mine of
information on the subject of taxes.
Only one newspaper of wide circula-
ton felt able to print the entire state
ment. Only the high spots-and by no
means all of them-can be mentioned
here
Mr.. Jackson showed from treasury
figures that the chief burden of fed
eral taxes during the past few years
has shifted from those who are able
to pay to those who pay only by sac
rifce. In 1880, when, as he points,
the tax laws were certainly not soak
ing the rich," income, inheritance and
gift taxes, paid largely by the well
to do, furnished 682 per cent Of the
money going into the national treas
ury. Miscellaneous taxes and customs
receipts, all of which are paid by the
consumer, brought in that year Bis
per cent of the total.
Proportion from Rich Falls
But in 1888, income, inheritance and
gift taxes. coming mainly from those
in comfortable circumstances, formed
only Alt per cent of the total re
ceipts, while consumer taxes furnish
ed 58.3 per cent.
"This trend should be reversed" de
clares Mr.. Jackson added revenue
to go toward balancing the bulge
and meeting the cost Of overcoming
a depression which threatened right!
of property, should be contributed b
the propertied classes in proportion
to their ability to pay"
Mr.. Jackson reused chuckles more
than once when he told the story of tn,
50 taxpayers with more than millior
apiece of net income at the depth ol
the depression in 1882. Mentioning
these individuals only BY letters, hi
said:
Taxpayers r out Of $2,7oo,Oot
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1935-08-30

fortune at s60o,00O,00o, of which
Edsel Ford owns about S246,000,000
and his father 1854, 100000. He quotes
the neglected fact that the total in
vestment in the Ford Motor Company
was S2S,000. Everything else has been
plowed back from profits. He does
not believe that any inheritance tax
on such fortune would be too high.
"Our income tax law has been SO
devised and administered" says Mr..
jackson, '.as to permit the forms of
corporate reorganization to be used
for stepping up wealth without the
payment of tax. Taxpayers in the
high levels of income have been able
to have their cake and eat it too"
Evening star., 1935-11-06

told the more than so delegates noise
Is exacting an economic toll of mil
lions Of dollars every year in schools
alone.
School children are fatigued by
noise, he explained, comparing the
effect Of sound on pupils to that of
waves on a swimmer when high seas
are rolling.
The talk was one in a series Of sew
eral being delivered during the four
day conference. The conference was
opened Monday with an address Of
welcome by John w. Studebaker,
cation.
Evening star., 1935-11-06
Coast Gunrdsmen
May Be Ordered
To Stalk Storms
CnIresfOn Business Men
Suggest "Hurricane
PMrOI" Plan.
Ey the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
For protection of life and property
in the Gulf States, the Coast Guard
may be called upon to stalk tropical
hurricanes and report accurately and
instantly on their vagaries.
8 Coincident with the fastest blow in
South Florida, plan for a Coast
Guard hurricane patrol" was outlined
by the Galveston, Tex. Commercial
Association in letter to Senator
Fletcher. Democrat, Florida, and other
members OF Congress from the Gulf
area.
The association said Representative
Mansfield of Columbus, Tex, will in
troduce bill at the next session of
Congress to provide that Coast Guard
cutters shall extend their duties in
the Gulf of Mexico during the hur-
ricane season to assist the Weather
Bureau in ferecasting storms.
Fletcher, saying something needs to
be done" took the matter up with the
. Coast Guard.
Evening star., 1935-11-06
SCHOOL EDITORS
MEET HERE NOV. IS
Students in District and
Nearby Invited to G. W. u.
Convention.

Editors of District, Virginia and
Maryland high school papers have
been invited to attend the annual
convention of the George Washing
ton Scholastic Press Association. TO
be held at George Washington Uni
versity, November 1916.
Addresses by persons well known
In newspaper work and discussion Ses-
: sions are included on the two-day pro-
gram. Luncheons will be held each
day, and the convention will close
with a banquet. at which awards will
be made for excellence in various
fields.
Two cups will be presented. one for
the best high school paper in the Dis
trict and vicinity, and the other for
the best paper submitted by Virginia
and Maryland high schools. Individ-
ual awards in the form of KEYS will
he given for the best editorial. fea-
ture. column, news and sports stories
entered IN the contests. Judges for
these contests will be members of the
stats of Washington newspa pers.
Howard Ennes in Charge.
Howard Ennes. of the editorial staff
of The Hatchet. George Washington
publication, is directing plans for the
convention. Assisting him are Terrie
Egan, general secretary; Robert How
ell, housing and social chairman. and
Brooke Stewart, exhibits chairman.
Ruth Brewer, Hazel aCrdwell and Au-
drev McCuen are secretaries for the
conclave
The convention is sponsored by The
Hatchet and Pi Delta Epsilon and
Gamma Eta Zeta, honorary journal
jstic societies.
In conjunction with the convention
training school for members of lhe
junior staff of The Hatchet will be
conducted. Junior reporters will be
required to attend the sessions and
10 participate in the round-table dis
cussions AS part of their training.
Offers Chance to Students.
Commenting on the advantages and
inns of the convention. Director Ennes
said:
This convention offers probably
the only chance many high school
editors in this region have of seeing
). hearing and talking with the men
and women who write the news of
the world
Situated as We are in the greatest
news city in the Nation, in which
are stationed representatives from
practically every newspaper in the
Lrit, IN fio
editors the best writers and editors of
!, the day and We can offer a program
that is educationally and socially at
tractlve"
To See Foot Ball Game.
The delegates will be the guests
of the university athletic department
at the Tulsa George Washington foot
ball game the night of November IS.
A reception will be held that after
noon. and the group will tour the uni
versity. On the following day the del
egates will visit the plant of a Wash
ington newspaper and later will at
tend special luncheon. co-sponsored
by the Mckinley and Roosevelt High
School Chapters of Quill and Scroll,
international honor society for high
school journalists. and the Quill
Clique Society of Central High.
Dean Henry Grattan Doyle will be
the guest speaker at this luncheon.
Advisers and presidents of the high
school societies also will speak. Cue
and Curtain. university drama group,
is expected to present one-act high
school newspaper play, The Editor
Strikes" at this time.
Evening star., 1935-11-06

Washington medical circles has been
chosen to lead the discussion after
DR.. Ruhland's address. It includes DR..
j. p. Shearer. who will preside, and
DR.. James F. Davidson, DIR. Charles E.
Detmer, Mrs. Harold A. Merrill and
Miss Margaret Dizney.
The forum is the fifth in a series of
weekly meetings, which are held in the
auditorium of the church. Sanford
Bates, director Of Federal prisons, will
speak next week.
Evening star., 1935-11-06
NOISE HELD HANDICAP
TO PUPILS IN SCHOOLS

Tires Children Like Waves
Pounding Against Swimmer,
Conference Is Told.
Noise was cast in q new role before
the National Conference of School
house Construction az the Washing
ton Hotel yesterday.
Irwin T. Catherine. superintendent
Of school buildings in Philadelphia,
Evening star., 1935-11-06
Chinese See Japan.

To study economic conditions and
industrial production methods of the
Japanese, 36 business men of Shang-
hal, China, have been touring Japan.
Evening star., 1935-11-06
Can Sleep in Peace, Not Pieces.

OuH O1V0P III 0"oo, ~S0V q HS00"'
NEW YORK R.-Any place is home
to Carlos Hernandez. He lay down
on subway tracks in Columbus Circle
and went to sleep. The moto-man
of an approaching train stopped just
in time. Carlos was peeved at being
disturbed and wanted to fight. A
magistrate sent him to Jail to sleep
as long as he likes.
Evening star., 1935-11-06
DR.. RUTLAND TO SPEAK
TOMORROW AT CHURCH
Health Director on Program at
Forum of Chevy Chase
Congregation.

DR.. George c. Rutland. director of
public health, will speak at pm. to-
morrow at the Forum Of the Chevy
Chase Presbyterian Church. HIS topic
is THE Changing Trend in Public
Health Education"
A panel of persons prominent in
Evening star., 1935-11-06

bus, drove across the county line
where the marriage ritual was spoken
in the bus. and returned home to cele-
brate.
Evening star., 1935-11-06
MAKE CEREMONY LEGAL
Wedding Party Takes School Bus
Into Proper County.

InC0 Fr0per CUuHty'
DES MONIES (P.-Lyle Higens
and Winnifred Dickey were about to
be married, but before Rev. j. E. Hab-
liston of Norwalk. Iowa, read the vows
he noticed the license was issued in
Polk County, just across the Warren
County line where the ceremony was
to be held. The minister explained
the marriage would be illegal in War
rem County.
The wedding party boarded school
Evening star., 1935-11-06

Fish From Clouds.
A shoal of fish fell in Ludford,
England, during a recent storm.
Evening star., 1935-03-18
PRESS CHALLENGED
BY FATHER C0UGHLIN
Radio Priest Fears Renewal Of
"Unholy Alliance" of
Greenback War.

BY the Associated Press.
DETROIT, March l8.-Rev Charles
E. Coughlin challenged the newspa-
pers Of a Nation yesterday to take edi-
torial issue in his campaign for ma
tionalized banking system.
The priest pointed to what he
termed an "unholy alliance during
the greenback war of 1877. in which
he charged indirectly that private
bankers successfully welded the
bludgeon of patronage upon editors,
with the comment that perhaps his
tory is repeating itself
He declared further that you can
not deceive the people by Singing
slurs at persons and lodging prin-
ciples.
1T is impossible" he said, "for
the press to remain silent longer. On
which side stand you. the side of the
people or the side of the bankers?
Today national issues are of para
mount interest. Today perSonageS
localisms and party loyalties have been
removed into the background"