davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Imperial Valley press., 1935-04-18
REPORT SUBMITTED ON DEFINITE
EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM FOR STATE

Report of the joint committee on
educational problems for the CAL
ifornia Teachers association was
one of the outstanding items of
business at the state council meet
ing held Saturday in San Francis
co declares c. B. Collins, county
superintendent. who was present
for the session.
The G. T. A. has long felt the
need to draw up a definite declar-
alton of an educational program
which shall be its goal and as a
result the committee was appoint
ed whose report has just been made
public.
Declaring that "free public ed
ucation is democracy's organized
way of perpetuating its ideals and
of providing for its own continued
safety, welfare and advancement, -
the report summarizes the benefits
Of democracy and states that the
quality of a democracy is depend
ent upon the attitudes of its citi-
zenry and the way in which each
conceives of and uses his ideals,
knowledges and skills. Schools
should serve as laboratories where
in their pupils may practice demo-
cracy here and now and thus grow
in skill and knowledge of coopera-
tive procedure.
With this background the report
discusses the factors that the cur
riculum should include to achieve
this development of citizens cap
able and willing to accept social re-
Imperial Valley press., 1935-04-18

grees F. for about IA hours.
Grown Roast of Lamb
Crown of lamb
Slices Of salt pork
q pound pork sausage
2 eggs beaten
u cup cracker crumbs
e cup diced celery
2 cup chopped mushrooms
4 cup milk
pinch sage
Salt and pepper
Have q crown Of lamb prepared
at market. Combine sausage with
cracker crumbs, celery, and mush-
rooms. Season with salt, pepper
and sage. Moisten with slightly
beaten eggs and milk. Season
crown with salt and pepper and fill
with dressing. Wrap the rib ends
with salt pork. Place it on a rack
in an open roasting pan. Do not
cover and do not add water. Put
in a moderate oven (300-350 degrees
F.) and roast until done, about two
hours. To serve, remove salt pork
and decorate rib ends with paper
frills,, potato or carrot balls.
Imperial Valley press., 1935-04-18
PACIFIC COAST
LEAGUE GAMES
BY United Press

The cellarward skid of the Mission
Reds, rated as one of the strongest
teams in the circuit. provided a puz-
zle which not even that great mas
ter mind, Charles CGabby) Street
manager of the Reds and one-time
skipper of the World Champion st.
Louis Cardinals. could solver
The Reds lost their sixth straight
game yesterday and settled them
selves deeper in the basement of
the league. They ran afoul of Willie
Iudolph of the Oakland club on one
Of his best days yesterday and the
wee southraw gave the Missions five
hits and shut them out. The score
was SO.
Los Angeles returned to the vic
Imperial Valley press., 1935-04-18

4 pound bulk sausage
2 tablespoons grated onion
2 tablespoons chopped parsley
Fry the sausage with the onion
l cup bread crumbs
Salt and pepper
Stock or water
and parsley, stirring constantly un-
til the meat is cooked enough so it
separates into particles. Add the
crumbs and seasonings and enough
liquid to make a moist dressing.
While hot, pack into the lamb
shoulder. Sew or skewer the OPEN
ing. Place on a rack in an open
pan and set in a slow oven 600 de-
grees F) Cook until done. allowing
about 35 minutes to the pound of
meat.
Currant Mint Sauce
Break up a glass of currant jel-
ly With a fork, but do not beat it..
Add about 2 tablespoons of finely
chopped mint leaves and a little
grated orange rind.
Barbecued Lamb
Leg of Lamb
Z cup Worcester sauce
z cup catsup
y cup water
Salt
Pepper
Place the leg of lamb skin side
down on rack in roasting pan.
Cut across the meat two or three
times. Season with salt and pep
per. Mix the Worcestershire sauce
catsup and pour over the roast.
Roast in a moderate oven 900 de-
grees F. until done, allowing
about 80 minutes to the pound.
Baste the roast frequently with the
sauce.
Stuffed Breast of Lamb
2 lamb breasts
4 cup sliced onions
4 tablespoons fat
2 cups cooked brown rice
Salt
Pepper
Cook the onions slowly in the fat.
Add the rice and seasoning. Heat
and stir so that all will be well
blended.
Have a pocket cut in the lamb
breasts and fill with the dressing.
Tie or SkeWer into shape. Place on
a rack in an open roasting pan.
Cook in a moderate oven $3.50 de-
Imperial Valley press., 1935-04-18
DARROW GLUM
ON BIRTHDAY

CHICAGO, April 18. U.P)-clar-
ence DarroW. 78 years old today
and waiting to die without fear
or enthusiasm, - settled himself in
an aged rocking chair to declare
that he had become complete
"materiahst -
His new doctrine of materialism
IS denial that there is more to
man than matter, but he scowled
when it was suggested that per-
haps he had stepped from agnosti-
cism to atheism.
1 don't like that word It has
been so badly twisted. I'd rather
lay am a materialist. -
Darrow rarely ventures from his
hook-crammed apartment on the
sixth floor Of a building overlook
ing the green midway of the Uni
versity OF Chicago Infrequently he
lectures or takes part in O debate
Oh religion.
Often he has to sit in chair
while lecturing, and his voice. fall
tering at times, carries to only a
few Of his listeners.
OF all the oongratulatory mes
sages that came to him today he
was fondest of one written by Rus
sell McWilliams, who killed a man
in Rockford, ILL.,, when he was Is
years old.
81 haven't heard from you in q
long time, Mr Darrow, but I re-
membered that Thursday is youl
birthday Whatever you may be
doing I know you are thinking OF
unfortunate people and sympathiz-
ing with them, and helping them,
McWilliams wrote.
Darrow saved him from the elec-
trio chair.
Imperial Valley press., 1935-04-18


Leg o. lamb and bonnet new, two
Easter traditions. But leg o. lamb
is not the only roast suitable for
this Sunday which stands out above
all other Sundays of the year. You
can have as much fun selecting
your lamb roast as you do your
Easter hat-and there are almost
as many styles from which to
choose. 'Be your family large or
small, be your budget rigid or elas-
tic, be the dinner stately or simple.
there is lamb roast to meet your
need,' says Inez S. Wilson. home
economist.
Spring vegetables rally valiantly
to the cause when planning your
Easter menu around lamb; they
seem to have special affinity for
this delicately favored meat. Fruits,
as appetizer, make an excellent
beginning for the Easter dinner. or
you may punctuate the meal with
O fruit salad, or finish with a flour
ish by serving a simple fruit des-
sert.
49, cAAS iiiSAAd oNSSCobCb DCIoW dlly
lamb roast may be used instead of
the leg and the menu may be add
ed to or taken from to make the
dinner more elaborate or simpler, as
one wishes.
Easter Dinner Menu
Fruit Cup Cheese Waters
Leg of Lamb CurTant Mint Sauce
New Potatoes with Parsley Butter
Glazed Carrots New Peas
Pineapple Sherbet
Hearts of Lettuce Salad
Ice Cream Strawberry Sauce
Coffee MintS
In place of the leg of lamb. the
cushion style shoulder roast shown
in the picture will fit nicely into
this menu as will any of the other
lamb roasts, the recipes for which
are given below
Cushion Style Lamb Shoulder
With Sausage Dressing
Have the bones removed from
shoulder of lamb and the roast
seWed, leaving one side open for
putting in the dressing. Wipe with
damp cloth, rub inside and out
with salt, pepper and garlic, if de-
sired, and pack lightly with the
sausage dressing.
Sausage Dressing
Imperial Valley press., 1935-04-18
KEEP LOW ALTO ZEE

SACRAMENTO, Calf, April 18.
WR}-California's motor vehicle fee
Of SO per automobile-one Of the
lowest rates in the nation-will be
retained during the next two years
if action in the senate revenue and
and taxation committee reflects
the attitude of the legislature.
The committee tabled bill which
provided for an increase in the
license fee to SIS.
Imperial Valley press., 1935-04-18

tory volumn after a one-day lapse
by beating Seattle 8-5. Oglesby and
Littard Of the Angels hit two homers
each and Hunt and Grantham Of
the losers each had one.
Hollywood continued its improved
play by sinking Sacramento, Al.
Archie Campbell beating old Lou
Koupal in the second hurting duel
of the series.
The San Francisco Seals drew on
even terms with Portland in their
series when Pinch-Hitting Jimmy
zinn socked a single which scored
the deciding run of 1913 ball game.
Imperial Valley press., 1935-04-18
DIAMOND FOUND IN FISH

KNOXVILLE, Tenn. CU.P)--Lacy
Kilgore and John Gentry, two Sc
vier county residents, reported they
found q $500 diamond in the stom-
ach of a large bass they caught in
the Little Tennessee river below
Cratlinburg. They brought their
find" here for appraisal.
Imperial Valley press., 1935-04-18
FaUorS Separate
Aviation Forces

WASHINGTON, April 1a U.pl-
Army and navy air forces shou1d be
left separate. Admiral William II.
Standley. chief of naval operations.
told the house military affairs COM
mittee today
Creation Of a unified air depart
ment "couldn I help but result in
greatly increased lack Of coopera-
tion," Standley said in answer TO
questions as to whether the pro-
posed department would not allev-
late present friction between naval
and army air forces.
Imperial Valley press., 1935-04-18
CEMETERY SUPERINTENDENT

sTOUGHToN. Mass. t0R) - At
80, Mrs. Luella D. Southworth is
completing her 30th year as super
intendent of the Pearl-Street GEM
etery. Despite her age she per-
sonally supervises maintenance
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1935-03-16
OF
INDIAN AREAGES
Billings HEADQUARTERS ISSUES
REPORT ON EMERGENCY CON-
sERvATTON WORK

There were 1874 reservoirs con-
structed ana sss springs developed on
the IA Indian reservations IN district
No. 2 in 1884, according TO a report
released from the Billings district
headquarters Of the Indian emer-
gency conservation work program.
Montana reservations included in the
district are Grow, BIackfeet, Fort Peck
Fort Belknap. Rocky Boy and Tongue
River. There were So reservoirs built
and 40 springs developed on the Grow
reservation and 10 reservoirs construct
ed and 1l6 reservoirs developed on the
Tongue River reservation. Other dis
trict reserves are located in Wyoming,
North and South Dakota.
The estimated tractor yardage cost
was as low as cents, not including
the cost Of equipment, and the lowest
reported team and fresno yardage cost
on several well constructed dams was
SO cents, including riprap, spillways and
fences, according to T. c. White, pro-
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1935-03-16
Fl

dnction cOordinating office OF the BIZ
ings district.
The average cost Of the dams
amounted to approximately 81 100. com
plete with riprap and fence, while the
average spring development cost
amounted to approximately $500. the
report showed. On that basis, the en-
tire investment for the water conserve
ton development on the IA reserva-
lions cost approximately $958,2OO last
year.
It was indicated in the report that
should the IECW program continue.
future plans should include a survey
of the water resources OF each reser-
Walton and prospecting for under
ground supplies With the exception
of supervision, practically all Of the
construction work on the projects was
done by Indian laborers.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1935-03-16

grandfather had taken him with him In
the early morning. Suddenly the grand
father had hushed him, and speaking
quietly had directed the boys attention
to q small island in the lake, and told
him to look. At first the boy could see
nothing, and then plainly he had seen
countless 'Tittle People" their heads
just visible above the tall grass. II do
not question" commented DR.. Under
man, that that old Indian implicitly
believed that he actually saw what he
professed to have seen"
Looking toward a common origin, DR..
Linderman has traced analogies Of
language among widely separated tribes.
Legends, modified from tribe TO tribe,
betray their common source. In both
and Chippewa legend appears
the story Of ''bIue-eyed, bearded men
who lived by the sea-" They came from
the sea, they disappeared again on the
sea. Legend makes these men deIni-
gods or heroic characters, and long after
they disappeared Indian ceremonial
their earlier presence.
Years before research was directed to
these matters Of "blue-eyed, bearded
men" and the race OF dwarf arrow
Dr. Linderman had expressed
his conviction that Indian language,
legend and tradition pointed to a race
Of Other People" who pre-dated the
Indians we know.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1935-03-16
Frank Bird L11dern1an, Well KnOlOn Montana Author
and Authority Plains indians, Believes That Red1er
Did Not Make Stone ArrOlUleads Made Earlier Claim

er position. The telling Of the tree ha.
It's own ritual. Three times the wolves
strike at the tree, avoiding It: only al
the fourth stroke do they hit It. There
is the due ceremony Of digging the hole
to receive the tree. It must be free
from dirt. The tree must not be per-
mitted TO fall An accident means bad
fortune. The crotch Of the tree holds
the nest Of the Thunder Bird. The
whistles Of the dancers are made Of the
upper bone Of the golden war" eagles
wing. The note Stimulates the scream
Of the eagle.
Poles radiating toward the center
pole from north, east, south and west,
and intermediate directions must not
rest upon It, They Intervene above
it. This is a point many casual OBJ
servers miss.
Formerly the Sun dances lasted four
days and nights. Without respite the
dancers dance and whistle, facing the
pole. Their faces are painted, and each
varying design represents the way the
lodge pole looks to the dancer. AS
fatigue increases and cataleptic or
hypnotic states intervene, the designs
change. Time IS inexorably modify
ing this ancient ceremony. The last
Sun dance consumed only three days
The tradition lasts, but the vital sig
nificance Of the dance is gone.
On the last day. in conclusion Of the
Sun dance, an Indian in character OF
the buffalo comes walking across the |
prairie. He carries a staff split in four
sections, representing the four winds. |
He pranes, walks peculiarly. looks queer,
and the children are frightened. He
enters the lodge, is given a pipe, which
he smokes. He sits down facing west,
MS back to the pole. He rises, walks
around, and begins to dance. Sud-
ienly he stops and addresses the dane
rs in the sign language. He tells them
hat he is glad to see them dancing,
els them not to rest, to keep it up.
Having performed this office he goes
nut, and all the little children no long
T pantomiming fear, follow him like a
irritable pied piper. Presents are dis
ributed, and the Sun dance is over.
DR.. Linderman questions whether he
hall ever attend another Sun dance:
indeed, whether another win be held.
me dance has become pageant, a
how, the shell of an old observance
nee instinct with life.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1935-03-16

AS an example Of transformation
that comes glibly to mfsinformed lips
DIR. Ldnderman cited a statement that
no Indian woman was ever known 10
pledge a Sun dance or to whistle IN
one. The reverse is true. The Black
feet legend Of the Sun dance is that a
chief, Scar Face, manned as his name
suggests loved q beautiful Indian maid
en- who refused to marry him because
Of his disfigurment. She persuaded
him to go to the Sun for healing. He
went; and the Sun told him that for his
healing the maiden must marry him,
and must pledge the Sun q dance.
When her people were sick, when her
warriors were wounded, she must build
the Sun a medicine lodge and pledge
the Sun a dance, that her people might
become well and the warrior be healed
This is the legendary origin Of the Sun
dance, and to this day the dance is
customarily pledged by q woman.
DR.. Linderman's Interpretation of the
term "F1athead" Is that it refers to the
flat country at the head Of the lake,
and by mistaken Interpretation was app
Piled to certain Indians. This is his
opinion, not offered as susceptible Of
proof.
The Sun dance was a dance of the
Plains Indians. The Crees and Chip
pewas who observe this dance most
religiously are not Plains Indians; but
when they drove the Blackfeet from the
Slave lake region, they took over the
Sun dance as "big medicine" and have
become the most faithful observants Of
this ceremony. Not once, to his know
ledge, since the Riel rebellion have they
failed to hold their annual dance, and
many of these dances DR.. Linderman
has attended. He is an honored guest
among the Indians he has befriended.
and some years ago he and his party
were given an old buffalo-skin lodge,
the only one then In existence. The In
dams notify him Of their approaching
Sun dance, and delegate someone to
go to bring him to their encampment.
The dance is usually held in June, near
the summer solstice. Tradition has It
that the dance must be held when the
quaking asp leaf is as big as mousess
ear, and again, when the June berry isl
ripe. There is a contradiction here,
one more Of those things pertaining 70
the ceremony which white man does-
MT fully understand
Last June DR.. Idndernnar's escort ar
rived in the middle Of the night, and be
arose at once to accompany them. They
reached camp at the old Fort ASSN
niboane military reservation at p. N.
AT night it presented wierd and
beautiful sight under the moonlight.
With the circling lodges Of the reserva-
ton Indians were perhaps $50 tents
Of the visiting indians from across the
Canadian Line. A shooting star swept
across the camp, 30 close they could
hear its hiss.
The ritual Of the Sun dance Is en-
actlne The scouts or wolves" who
Bring ia the pole for she medicine lodge
musf be wncially right Their search
must consume q specified time. the tree
elected natlst ls3 umaking asp Of def !
snla@ characteristics standing Ia prop
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1935-03-16


famous old blanket chiefs. He has re-
corded what he has learned in doz-
en- books. After observing the Indian
sympathetically and shrewdly all these
years, he concludes that no white man
will ever or can ever fully understand
Indian psychology. One can watch at
tentively and record faithfully what he
sees; but the inner meaning Of Indian
ceremonial, its origin, symbolism and
tradition viii remain a sealed book.
DR.. Linderman has a fury Of contempt
for those authorities" who take a trip
to Glacier park, see a few half-breeds
from the train window, and go home to
inform the world about "the Indian. I"
II an observer like DR.. Ldnderman
who has watched the vanished print-
tive Indian for the last half century,
confeSseS himself baffled by certain
elements Of Indian life, what chance
is there for newcomers to learn any
thing or impart anything about the old
order which is already gone? A new
field has opened, however, with the
New Deal, which gives back to the In
dian part Of that Of which he has been
robbed and a degree Of self determin-
1e&Dn- AZ may 1AQS NC - 4lcAA
or a pretty one. There viii be a ire
mendous struggle for political power
and dominance among the mixed
bloods when the Indian begins his
drive for power, and developments will
be intense and interesting. DR.. Under
man points out this field to the younger
writer's and willingly leaves it to them
to exploit. His heart remains with the |
older culture.
For the first time, at the recent Writ
ers' conference DR.. Ldnderman pre-
Sented evidence for his belief, long held,
that Indians did not make the stone ar
rowheads found abundantly over North
America and Europe. Ell pointed out
that no warrior, no Indian Of his long
acquaintance had ever professed know
ledge Of the making Of stone arrow
heads or had seen them used. This
refers not to the tiny bird arrowheads,
which are different matter, but to the
arrows used for big game. On the cont
rary, bone arrowheads were in uni
versal use from the earliest memory of
even the Oldest Indians. Question an
old Indian about the stone arrowheads,
and he invariably attributes them to /
'aThe Little People" This is the ex- !
PLANTATION given by the old blanket In |
dian. The modern young half-blood is /
different; he is apt at telling anything g
the listener wants to hear. DR.. Lin [
derman believes Indian picture writ
ing, too, dates from the period of the !
stone arrowheads. He has seen picture t
writing that no Indian could read or
would attempt to interpret Question I
ed, the Indians answer is again, THE l
Little People" !
An aged Indian told Dr. Linderman {
how, when he was small boy, his I
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1935-03-16
OLD-TTME PRINTER PASSES

William L. Jaeckel, az, died at the
DAILY hospital at Hamilton recently fol-
lowing an illness OF two weeks caused
by heart ailment complications. A ma
tive Of Anaconda, Jacket came to
Hamilton two years ago from Butte,
where he was a printer for 26 years.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1935-03-16
Bv GRACE STONE COATES
HzT.EEiHFi I.

Author OF BLACK Cherries" "Portulacas II
the Wheat" and Mead and Mangel Wurzel.
One Of the headliners at each an
EuaI conference of writers at Mis-
s0ula for the past four years has
been DIR. Frank Bird Linderman,
Montana author and authority on the
Plains Indians. He comes down from
his spacious lodge at Goose bay, Flat
head lake, and holds his crowded
classrOOms fascinated with his fund
Of annecdote and Indian lore.
Reporters admit they can't get" DR.
Linderman on paper. HE can keep a
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1935-03-16

room full OF people
roaring by the hour, I"
said a newspaper
man, but If a run
of-the-mill reporter
tried to take his talk
it would fall flat. It's
what Linderman puts
into his talk besides
words-no reporter
can get that into
print" DR.. Under
man has studied the
Indian at first hand
for so years. He came
to the Fla h e a d
country when he was
a boy, and practically
alone, too; and has
- -. AE-..-.A- -
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1935-03-16
PAIR Ill 222 RARBTTs

There were 800 rabbits killed in
five-hour hunt by Otis Pewitt and Joe
Dionne at the Pewitt and Hensen
ranches near Landusly. It took so
seconds rabbit to skin them.