davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1935-07-20
STARS, MEN AND ATOMS
Notebook of Science Progress in Field,
Laboratory and Study.
BY THOMAS r. HENRY.

Burke and Lineweaver have found that
chlorophyu and sunlight do not enter
into the nitrogen reaction. The energy
for this process comes from the solar
energy that has been stored in the primi-
tive carbohydrate made by the chloro-
phyll action. Thus it works out that
some of the organic or carbon products
created by chlorophyll activity are
burned up whenever plant fixes nitro
gen. This may happen in living plant
directly, or bacteria may fix it while
living on the roots of legumeS. 1t also
may happen in the soil when bacteria
break down organic plant remains and
change surrounding nitrogen gas into
compounds that living plants can use.
Here also the nitrogen change does not
use energy direct from the sun, but takes
place with energy stored in carbon
products made previously with the help
of chlorophyIl. The chlorophyn reac-
ton is the most fundamental since it
comes first.
In this research the Department of
Agriculture chemists have used some OF
the simplest of living organisms. One
is a minute green algae in whose life
little happens except the change OF car
bon dioxide into the protoplaSmic carbo-
hydrates. BY limiting the supply of car
bon in one experiment, by limiting the
supply of light in another, and by in
terrupting the processes frequently to
find out what is going on, the chemists
are able to check them step by step.
For the combination reactions in which
carbon dioxide first is fixed under the
influence of chlorophyll and sunlight,
and then broken down within the same
plant to provide energy for the fixing OF
nitrogen they have studied one of the
blue-green algae, a threadlike plant
with relatively large cells and distinct
chlorophyll masses. A third line of in
vestigation has dealt with the azoto-
bacter, a colorless bacterium of the soil
which works in the dark and is engaged
in breaking down organic material and
the manures that are applied in fer
tilization. This bacterium gets its needed
energy from the comparatively complex
carbohydrates of the decaying vegetable
matter and uses it in chemical trans
formations that sort out the nitrogen
In the decaying plant material and
transform it into soluble forms the
growing plants can use.
Evening star., 1935-07-20
Nazi Persecution Mania.

Evidence multiplies that persecution
mania is rampant in Germany on a
terrifying scale Protestants, Catholics
and Jews alike are the objects of tyran-
nical repreSSive measures. In the case
of Jews, the crusade has taken the form
of violent anti-Semitic outbreaks in
Berlin. In the case of the Christian
Sects, DEGREES have been promulgated
which threaten their clergy and other
religious organs with ruthless punish
ment unless they conform uncondition-
ally to Nazi demands that the church
shall subjugate its spiritual activities to
the paramount purposes of the Hitlerized
state. Tomorrow Catholic priests Will
preach Sunday sermons directly under
the surveillance of Goering's secret
police. Any semblance of criticism of
governmental policies will result in con-
dign chastisement. Protestant church.
men are warned that if their pastors
seek to emulate political Catholicism"
they may expect the same relentless
treatment that is in store for the Roman
hierarchy. There is a strong independ-
ent movement within the German Evan
geIical Church, and its adherents, who
refuse to bend the knee to NaN Relchs-
bishop Mueller, are held to be engaged
in illicit political activity.
For the moment it is eXceSses against
Jews that constitute the outstanding
feature of the persecution mania. Fol-
lowing a series of barbarous episodes
In Berlin two appointments have been
made which denote the governments
intent to intensity the anti-Semitic
crusade. Herr Hans Kerrl has been
named as minister in charge OF church
affairs. and Count Wolf Won Heldorf
becames head of the Berlin police force.
Both officials have national regulations
as Jew-haters. Won Helldorf supplantS
Rear Admiral Won Levetzow, who was
removed for alleged moderation in treat
ment of Jews. His departure synchro-
nizes with reports that the Ghetto may
be revived as part of the campaign to
exterminate Judaism.
All over Europe curiosity mingleS with
horror over current events in Germany.
They are so inexplicable that wonder
exists as to whether the new violence
may not be intended to divert attention
from something bigger. In London,
where Hitler has attained his most bril-
liant international triumph with the
agreement permitting creation OF
powerful navy, the theory is advanced
that financial and economic conditions
may be so grave that the government
requires new sources of revenue. The
question is asked whether the idea OF
coniscating Jewish wealth, or its vol
untary' transfer as the price for peace,
may not inspire authors of the anti
Semitic drive. 1t is an amazing and
alarming situation, viewed from any
angle. and the German people, were they
permitted to learn the truth, would be
left in no doubt that what is now hap
pening within their borders is shock
to civilization.
Evening star., 1935-07-20

from home to Office, to be covered by
transport over which the wayfarer had
no full control, no traffic jams to block
even the swiftest of vehicles, no break
ages Of mechanism to halt the progress,
for there were no mechanisms of indi-
vidual carriage. Afoot or on horseback
the traveller, for short or long distances,
could determine his own pace, unless
held up by some private or public enemy,
and could thus master his time to
precision.
Much of the fret and worry of these
days is caused by this complication of
mans relation to his time. He sets his
schedule only to find 1t wrecked by the
Intervention of some factor beyond his
control. He is now part of complex
of conditions over which he cannot
establish mastery However stout his
purpose, however faithfully he may
adhere to a time table for his own
movements, he is subject to interruption
and his course of wisdom lies in accept
ing these interventions as part Of the
price he pays for living in an age of
haste.
One may waste his own time through
sloth or indifference to his own duties
and have only himself to blame for the
loss. But there are factors in this sched-
uling of activity which he cannot master,
before or after seven at night. The
true philosophy of modern existence is
to prepare against delays by anticipating.
when conditions permit, those require
ments which may be blocked by loss of
time in transport, or by the thoughtless
intrusion of other people with their own
affairs.
Let every man be master of his time,
forsooth He must be tyrant and a
ruthless individualist to be such a
master while life goes on at its steadily
accelerating pace and daily widening of
the range of personal action.
Evening star., 1935-07-20
Cheap Road Work.

When the work-relief bill was enacted
in April the District authorities imme-
diately began work on a program for
highway improvement which they in
tended to finance out of the funds
automatically allocated to the District,
under the formula for distribution
among the States. They went so far
as to announce a tentative list of high
way work that would be done.
Within the past week these plans
have been scrapped and another set of
plans substituted. For, under the rules
prescribed by the Federal relief authori-
ties, a maximum of 81 400 per man per
year can be spent on any relief project,
and the roadwork, of course, comes
within that category. What the rule
means is that more must be spent for
labor and less for materials. The result
is that high-grade street work, requiring
relatively high-cost materials, cannot be
undertaken. That would run the cost
of the project too high in relation to
the number of men given employment
The substitute program will include
some high-grade work. But most of it
will be the sort of work that can be
done with low-cost labor and cheap
materials. It will doubtless include the
repair of some streets, the improvement
of others and grading and highway
identification. BY adding certain Dis
trict funds to the Federal grant the
local highway authorities have been able
to comply with the Federal regulations
Evening star., 1935-07-20
Shooting Stars.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
Future New Deal.

Future New Deal.
worst
And killed us off on sea and land,
While gear wheels and propellers burs
For lack of skill to hold command
When mortal energies have slumped
And wires short-circuited are left,
And all machinery is dumped
Because of Juice" it is bereft-
Some remnants of primeval pride
Will linger in a human brain,
Amid the devastation wide.
And start the old works up again.
Evening star., 1935-07-20
Pay of Relief Workers
And Those on Relief
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
am sympathetic with the individuals
in the Red Cross personnel who demand
a full restoration of their salaries. And
vet their case Is somewhat similar to
that Of the staff ministering relief for
the Federal Government, and I hnd
myself critical of the latter.
If it were merely a matter Of ex-
pending one-half of every relief dollar
for supervision and overhead I would
not be SO disturbed about 1t. Gov
ernment workers generally are COM
parable to relief clients in that they
draw their money from the national
money drawer and many of them would
actually be on relief il dismissed II,
therefore, the relief dollar were divided
between an equal number OF relief
clients and workers administering relief,
there could be little criticism. But 1t
does not work out that way. The
highest t-paid relief client draws some
thing like $50 per month, while the
lowest-paid personnel worker draws $12O
per month. Many of them draw from
$500 to $500 per month.
Now the pity of it is that all relief
rolls now include people who are skilled
in nearly every walk of life. There are
StenographerS, bookkeepers, accountants,
all kinds of clerical workers and even
doctors and lawyers. They are just as
nearly average workers in their lines
as are civil service or politically selected
employees. They are as capable of ad-
miniStering relief as the higher paid
working staff chosen by Government
agencies. An average Of four relief
clients could be taken care of for every
present Government salary paid. Re-
placing relief personnel with relief
clients would enable the relief agency
either to double the amount of money
paid to each relief family, or double
the number of families now on relief
Administering relief with relief clients
Except for Mr.. Hopkins and his staff
would practically assure every dollar
of relief money to be spent for actual
relief, which is as it should be.
The cry will go up that we need expert
personnel. 1 have no quarrel with that
But I know that only a few OF the Su-
perviSing staff members have any ex-
perience or need any. Most OF the work.
ers are clerical and technical workers
whose experience and skill have nothing
whatever to do with the technique OF
GAudA ohA4 oAAN
experience is waiting in every relief
group.
I know, because have just resigned
from a group of 80 clerical workers who
are doing nothing, waiting for the new
spending program to begin. Meantime
we were just marking time, drawing
our very satisfactory salaries week after
week, enjoying the comfort of an air
cooled building. Our chief told another
Government official we were being car
ried along because our experience would
be needed later on.
I am just a fair typist, and what
experience I have had in the relief
agency consists of taking letters ex-
planning why certain funds should or
should not be allotted. I play very
poor hand of bridge, am not good at
checkers or light conversation.
Sal quit, even if must &C on the
othe4 side of relief.
GLADYS MACKMANN.
Evening star., 1935-07-20

upon which depends expenditure of the
grant.
The detailed description Of the low
cost work to be done with this money
will be awaited with great interest.
After the c. w. A., it is only natural to
be skeptical of the real community bene-
fit which is to result. 1t must be re-
membered, of course, that the primary
purpose of the relief money is to fur
nish work relief for the unemployed,
not to produce essentially useful under
takings for the community. But the
serious defect in this policy is that 1t
merely substitutes a more expensive
form of work relief for the direct relief
which is to be abandoned by next No
vember. And when the work relief is
completed the fear is that the relief
demands will still be as pressing as they
ever were.
We have experimental now with
direct relief, with system of relief known
as printing the pump" with the dismal
C. w. A. and, equipped with the
$4,8o0, 100000 sum for work relief, are
about to experiment with that.
The change in the highway plans IS
significant of this new work-relief policy.
And that is why the announcement that
direct relief by the Federal Government
will end on November l" is appropri-
ately accompanied, at the White House,
by announcement that relief needs for
the next fiscal year will be put in shape
Immediately for the Budget Bureau.
Evening star., 1935-07-20
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL.

The strange object in the street was
q birds nest.
How little, how pitifully inadequate,
1t looked, there where 1t did not belong.
How wonderfully it fulfillS its func-
tion of home in the trees!
Like many things out of place, it was
just a mass, a conglomeration; in its
rightful setting it was domicile, crude,
but adequate.
In such little homes the birds of the
world are born to grow up and then
fly away.
And such flying away!
One has to see maps Of bird migra-
tion to comprehend even in part the
Stupendous Journeys they take.
The little songsters in your yard today
within a few months will be in South
America
There is nothing like an examination
of these maps, with the chartered
courses Of the migratory BIRDS to make
one understand something of the vast
mystery of life.
Then we do not have to sing the late
Victor Herbert's famous song.
4 x x*
The nest was lying on its side in the
street, having been blown loose from
one of the many gigantic oaks which
lined the avenue.
It's inhabitants. and especially its
builders, had not been bothered by any
attempt to keep up to date.
The architectural lines had been de-
cided on once and for all many CEN
turies ago, countless ages and ages ago,
when the world was young.
Trying to keep up with the latest
Improvements" is nothing at all to a
bird.
He just builds, and that is an end to It.
Then he is satisfied with it.
If it were possible for the bird tribes
to gather together in a convention and
talk matters over, the member that
arose to declare that birds need a new
type of nest" would be howled or rather
chirped down at once.
One may wonder If the word con-
vention,' as used to indicate a group
of like human minds, was selected be-
cause the conventional, or usual, was
the desired thing.
-
How temporary the birds homes are.
Perhaps they perpetually teach man
kind a lesson, only we do not like to
heed it.
We adorn and polish our homes as
If they were to last forever.
One has but to watch the changing
face of the city, however, to know that
the little birds are right.
Here and there one sees some stall
wart old mansion, with walls feet
thick, built for keeps" capable of last
ing for centuries, undergoing the crow
bars of the wreckerS.
Only few days, weeks at most, are
necessary to completely remove, plumb
ing and all, homes which required many
| months to build.
The birds are right.
Man is right, of course, in his Selec-
ton of houses and their care and adorn-
ment. He is not a bird and he has
| through mind and history, through his
books, past, which no bird has to itself
Birds, happily, are freed from history
One may ask, at times, what good is
| history, after all?
1t seems to have taught man very
| little.
Fortunate brides, to know nothing of
! history, even your own!
X = =
Birds have been flying up and down
| the world for countless centuries. No
Evening star., 1935-07-20

doubt, short of an universal cataclysm,
they will be doing it centuries hence.
No advanced fellow even will be able
to talk them into living in Florida the
year round.
Some of them want Peru, others b.
liv.a, others Brazil.
How interesting it is to feel that these
very little fellows, so bright, so full of
Natures music, actually have been in
lands we probably will never seel
Even the greatest average human
traveller seldom accomplisheS as much as
this tiny shrimp in feathers.
Boast of your trips across the Atlantic
as much as you please, here in the
garden are scores of much wider wan
derers.
Perhaps 1t Is just as well for them
that their habits have been fixed for
them or that they have fixed their
own habits, however you choose.
Take the matter Of cats.
Birds are not in one-tenth the danger
from members of the feline tribe as
some persons think.
They have evolved, each bird family
for itself, an entire system of warning
cries.
OrnithologiSts have listed these notes,
often harsh, staccato, strident, quite un-
musical.
They arise at the sight of any enemy,
but particularly as a warning to babies
against members of the cat tribe.
Birds know, with the ShrewdneSs of
successful life after many centuries, that
the cat is dangerous.
And that, undoubtedly, Is why far
fewer birds fall to the wiles of cats than
some persons would have every one
think.
The birds know better than you dc
the natural attraction of a bird fol-
a cat.
Hence they take good care to keep
out of their way and to warn theiI
young of the danger.
No cat can walk in a modern garden
where there are plenty of trees, without
being accompanied the entfke way by
an advance guard of birds.
These fly along over its head, through
the boughs, stopping on shrubs, even
flying down to the ground.
All the time they keep up a great
clamor, making it plain to all anc
sundry:
Cat! Cat! Cat!"
Often the Tom or Tabby seems quite
perturbed, for cats have many other
reasons for walking abroad than catch
ing birds.
Often we have noted the most aston
iShed look upon a cats face, at the
clamorous reception committee which
came to greet it, the moment it set
foot in the garden.
A yellow cat, in particular, Is the
target for every bird within hundreds
Of feet.
1t is seldom that a cat Of this color
can 60 about without a vast racket
accompanying him.
If ever you hear the birds making a
noise of very sharp notes, louder than
usual, be sure that a yellow cat will be
seen shortly.
In this the birds are somewhat mis-
taken, for cats of this color are no more
capable of catching them than a tiger
or other colored and marked cats.
Perhaps it is some dim ancestral
memory of the deserts, so old, so time
less, of a yellow shape lurking in the
shadows.
Who knows? Birds and cats are
strange creatures.
Evening star., 1935-07-20
Man and His Time.

'Let every man be master of his time,
till seven at night" So Shakespeare
made Macbeth remark. 1t was good
advice and it could be followed strictly
in those days of which the Bard wrote
and those as well in which he wrote.
But now things are different and man
has difficulty in controlling his minutes
and his hours. Time has become subject
to completes that man cannot conquer
In Shakespeare's day, and in Macbeth's
also, life was simpler, distances were
shorter-the distances of mans daily
scope of action. There was little occa-
sion for hurry, to make the most of
minutes. There were no long spans
Evening star., 1935-07-20
Translation.

A college professor should be the poSSessor
Of courage and muscular skill.
The mere knowledge seeker in strength
will grow weaker
If he spends his life sitting still.
The mere art of letters is not for our
betters,
Who manage our morals and law.
The poets and sages who taught through
the ages
You must render in plain 'rah! rahl
rah!"
"Dar ain any mo- chance" said Uncle
Eben, "of a man gittin' enough money
to satisfy him dan dar is of a small boy
winning all de marbles he wants"
Evening star., 1935-07-20
C.. C.. C.. Is One Place
That Has Really Worked
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor of The Star:
Referring to Harry T. Rupert's letter,
"The President and Hoover Dam" in The
Star July 13:
OF "a single instance of a plan con-
cluded or a project which actually
works." has Mr.. Rupert heard of the
C. C. c.? If so, does he know that it
is working successfully in every State
of the Union and in Alaska, Hawaii,
Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands? That
it has keen working now for over two
years? JEROME GIRARD.
Evening star., 1935-07-20
Modern Warfare.

The swift and undismayed recruit
For Abyssinian pursuit
Must learn different warlike style
And tame the treacherouS crocodile.
He may find foes along the way
That bombing planes can never slay.
With tennis gestures he must try
Daily to swat" the tsetse fly.
Evening star., 1935-07-20

The Summer climate is always sub
ject for legitimate discussion, but the
President shows tactful restraint in never
asking Congressman with smiling Solici-
tude whether it is hot enough for them.
Evening star., 1935-07-20
Elastic Currency.

"What currency basis does Crimson
Gulch favor?"
Cactus Joe. while we were quarreling
over gold and silver somebody slipped in
and loaded the town up with rubber
checks"
Evening star., 1935-07-20

Andrew Carnegie used to be quoted
as saying it was a crime for anybody
to die rich, but he hardly expected the
idea to be magnified to the proportions
of a political policy.
Evening star., 1935-07-20

The popularity of Prof. Einstein may
be due in part to the fact that while
some of his ideas are battling he does
not insist on trying to formulate them
as public policies.
Evening star., 1935-07-20

Munitions makers protest that they do
not favor war and may consent to some
to keep dangerous drugs out of cir
culation.
Evening star., 1935-07-20
A Rhyme at Twilight
By
Gertrude Brooke Hamilton
Blue Summit

Out of the din and dust If we might seek
A place of solitude and pine-sweet air
And mid the purple heather Of some peak
Lose fevered care,
If from the pavings you and I might
climb
Green slopes of fragrant grass cool
to the feet,
Emerging on some rocky height sublime
Where eagles meet,
From all the tentacles of town set free,
On q blue summit with white miSts
above,
Might we not lose hot doubt for ecstasy
And climb to love2
Evening star., 1935-07-20

Moral support is demanded for the
League of Nations Moral support it has
always had. But even international
statesmen will chiSel a little.
Evening star., 1935-07-20

His declaration that the New Deal
has not worked makes it clear that
Albert C. Ritchie, though temporarily
out Of politics, has not lost interest.
Evening star., 1935-07-20

If titles mean anything, the King Of
Kings and the Lion of Judah must be
credited with a fair lead at the outset
of the contest.
Evening star., 1935-07-20

In order to be sure of keeping of the
record some of those interested in legis-
lation simply destroyed the records.
Evening star., 1935-07-20

Intended to relieve anxiety, the funds
made available have created a multitude
Of problems concerning their expen-
diture.
Evening star., 1935-07-20

Already stories are told of atrocities
by the AbyssinianS. One of the weapons
of modern warfare is a hideous i'm
agination.
Evening star., 1935-07-20
Hopeful Waiting.

From the Lowell (Mass) Evening Ledger.
Prof. Einstein has just announced a
new theory. But until the previous one
is mastered our safest course will be TO
defer comment. r.
Evening star., 1935-07-20
Member of the Associated Press.

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to
the use for republication Of all news dispatches
credited to Il or not otherwise credited in this
paper and also the local news published herein.
All rights of publication of special dispatches
herein are also reserved.
Evening star., 1935-07-20
Sitting on the Lid.

SILLIMg OH LHt LIu,
Doesn't some of this diplomacy you
read about seem kind O. schoolboyiSh?"
asked the old friend.
Its the great youth movement that
impresses you," said Senator Sorghum.
"Figuratively speaking, a diplomat has
to keep his geography in the seat of his
trousers because he never knows where
the next kick is coming from"
Jud Tunkins says some grafters amt
satisfied to chisel. They take an ak.
Evening star., 1935-07-20

@. Is the new Florida divorce law IN
effect?-R. C. E.
A. 1t is. Under this law a residence
may be established in 80 days.