davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-05

1t released a whole group of pow
erful forces which now confront or
ganized labor and clamor for atten-
ton. There is Cd the old battle Of
capital against labor; 20 the in
ternal struggle for the industrial
against the craft union; 90 the rise
of the radical elements in the ranks
of labor.
On the other side of the barri-
cades are the embattled employ
ers. They are not entirely a unit
There are % those who have al
ways dealt with organized labor and
prefer it; 90 those who are last
pitchers against all union recog-
milton; 90 those who have at
tempted benevolent plans to make
labor happy and peaceful.
Labor Sells Services
At the bottom of course is a fun
damental difficulty in the system.
Labor sells it's services for a fixed
price and is not concerned direct
ly with profit. The capitalist-own-
err is the risk taker. Labor is his
biggest single cost item. He fights
therefore to hold control over labor
costs.
Up to June, 1888, labor had re-
manned amazingly complacent and
fatalistic. Then something hap
pened. NRA was launched. And
this precipitated the first great
battle-between the Federation and
the company union idea.
The Federation miStook MIRA and
Section IA for charter of liberty.
It set out to produce a nation of
workers marching under its flag
William Green announced his OBJ
jective was 100000 membership.
But something got in his way
The great employers decided col
lective bargaining did not mean
necessarily bargaining with the
Federation. Nor did it mean yield
ing anything-just talking things
over.
The Western Pennsylvania coal
miners struck, but the mines Of the
steel corporation said they would
never do business with John Lewis.
Ernest Weir of the National Steel
Co. refused to deal with the steel
union. Henry Ford defied the
unions. The automobile makers
stood out.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-05
Customs Collections Squirt

August collections in the Indiana district Of the
T. S. Customs Department established an oHtime high
record of s564,99 according to Wr0y E. Fleming,
collector
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-05
NRA Released P07Ce,5ul
Forces NO7C Demanding
the Attention of Labor
UnionS Rift Is Threatened Within Ranks of
American Federation of Labor
BY JOHN T. FLYNN

John
5 articles
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-05
LOCAL CASH MARKET

CITY grain elevators are paying 70 cents
for No. soft red wheat Other grades on
their merits Cash corn No yellow
66 cents and oats 10 cents
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-05

union. Henry FOrQ QeIleQ the
unions. The automobile makers
stood out.
Company Unions Pushed
Most of the great employers hur-
ried to encourage the formation of
company unions. NRA held deal
ing with a company union was col
lective bargaining. The objection
to the company union from the
point of view of labor is obvious.
Labor points out: Cd It is linn
tied to employees of a single COM
pany-even a single plant. En-
ployers are organized throughout
the industry. The workers are split
into countless company unions. 90
1t is run by company employees. The
company employees can not stand
up to the boss as boldly as the out
side union representatives. Cd
Company unions are foStered and
frequently financed by management
which, of course, controls them. "a
They are formed, in the very incep-
ton, to eliminate outside union or
ganization. They can perform use
full services regulating the daily
small relations between manage
ment and labor. They are hope
lessly futile where great issues are
at stake.
AS 1922 dawned the Federation
had 100000 members. BY Octo-
Der, 1884, it had added 100000. In
1882 the company unions had 1,300,-
900 members. BY November, 1888,
they had 100000, according 10 the
Twentieth Century Fund. The Ma
tional Industrial Conference Board
says that in that time of the 600
company unions in existence, 400
we're organized in the few months
following NRA's birth.
New Struggle Looms
This would have perhaps ulti-
mately wrecked the labor cause had
not the President divorced the set
tlement of labor disputes from NRA
by setting up the National Labor
Relations Board under Francis Bid
die. That board is now out of ex-
istence along with NRA. But new
one is provided for under the Wag-
ner Labor Relations Act. 1t is i'm
plemented with strong weapons to
fight the company union. Hence the
coming year must see resumption
of the Federation company union
hotf1o IN x1-iIQY front
The present company union fight
must not be confused with move
ments such as that sponsored by
George F. Johnson in the shoe in
dustry. Mr.. Johnson has sought to
make organization unnecessary by
giving labor all that it wants. He
has paid higher than the going
wages, provides pensions, aospitali-
zation, continuous work, profit shar-
ing, health service, homes for work.
ers at less than cost, beautiful
countryside, golf courses, playing
fields, Fairgrounds, libraries, social
and cultural aids and, above all, a
certain easy-going friendliness in
management as contrasted with the
ruthless discipline Of the assembly
line and so-called scientific man
/ agement.
But in the end, it is hardly a
movement. 1t is the application OF
the friendly and benevolent spirit
of a single humane employer. In
most industries the humane en-
ployer is not permitted to release
his benevolence. The pinching. driv-
ing efficiency of his competitors
compels him, in self defense, to play
1 the same game.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-05


whether New York City has voted
yes or no on the proposition.
IF the referendum is approved it
i will authorize the construction,
with Federal funds, of a plant on
city-owned property designed pri-
marily for supplying city buildings.
although, nuder present plans, sur
plus power will be sold. The Con-
sOlidated Gas Co. of course, is APP
prehensiVe lest the construction be
the opening wedge in a drive TO
substitute public power for private
power.
It is not to be surmised that the
new plant will supply the entire
needs of the city. An investment
far in excess OF the contemplated
$40 100000 would be necessary to
serve the 100000 now receiving
power from the Consolidated Gas
Co. and its subsidiaries. The pro-
posed project would merely serve
the territory in the Borough of
Manhattan from Fourteenth TO
Seventeen streets. This area is
only a small portion of Manhattan.
The four other boroughs of Brook
lyn. Bronx. Queens and Richmond,
which are part of New York City.
would continue to be served as
present.
Thus. it can be seen that it is
the desire of Mayor La GuardiaS
administration to have the S49.-
800 600 investment serve as a yard
stick for electric rates throughout
the city. The mayor has been
maintaining consistently that it Is
possible to sell current in New
York City at 80 to 40 per cent less
than the current charge. after
holding down taxes, protecting
bondholders and providing for
amortization and depreciation.
NEW YORK CTTYS venture
IN into the field of municipal
ownership. if its voters decide to
take that step, will have much to do
with the nations philosophy in re-
spect to government and the utili-
ties. If Mayor La Guarida can sell
electricity. after all charges, at a
level even somewhat less than the
30 to 40 per cent he visions his job
will have been well done. But II
he fails to bring about savings
which approximate his estimate
then the cause OF municipal owner
ship will have suffered a body blow.
That Specialization of the entire
system of New York City is in pros
pect. as the Consolidated Gas Co.
fears. is doubted. Besides demand
ing a tremendous investment on
the part of the city fathers. 1t
would bring about an unhealthy
duplication of facilities. The city,
it is believed. would be well salts
fed if its yardstick plant means
substantial reductions in rates for
consumers from the existing COM
panies.
The private power interests gave
away their hand when, after offer
ing the city a contract which ad-
ministration officials viewed as eX-
orbitant. then relented and offered
81 bStantial reductions when the
possibility Of a public plant was pro-
jected. Probably Mayor La Guar
dia figures that if a threat can
bring a drastic cut in charges,
actual operation of a plant as a
yardstick will uncover additional
economies.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-05
". Y. Bonds

lBY Abbott. Proctor & Panel
Reprinted from Yesterday
DAILY BOND INDEX
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-05

(By James E. Bennett)
, 1935-01-07

Arrival Of Ivan E. Boyev from
Moscow to be new chairman Of Am
torg Trading Corp, Soviet export
and import monopoly in U. s., is in
terpreted as meaning u. S.-Russian
debt accord Is near. 1t had been
indicated previously he would not
come over until settlement, which
will release orders from U. S. goods,
was at hand.
, 1935-01-07
Representative Bankhead

left, Of Tennessee, as speaker;
William Bankhead, center. Of Ala
bama, as majority floor leader.
, 1935-01-07


When the thermometer does a
nose dive to zero or under, get
into a pair Of chamois indies.
Never heard Of such a thing?
Here is a pair worn by Florence
Chumbecos, of THE Great
Waltz, New York production.
They are made of ~windproof cha
mois. The jacket is made like
a cardigan coat, with free-wheel-
ing movement Of the arms for the
active sportswoman. The tights are
full length, with side fastener
and vent in the back to adjust
sides. These undertakings are soft,
warm and eleanable.-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-01-09

the
World!
BY MICHAEL GOLD

WASHINGTON, JAN 6.-Today the dele
W gates at this Congress have been cheer
ing. Coming from So states, their occupa-
lions as varied as life itself, these cowboys
and college professors, miners, farmers
and newspapermen, have been fused in the heat of
a common idea.
There are two slogans that always arouse them.
These words are Unemployment Insurance and the
United Front
Earl Browder in remarkable speech to this
remarkable Congress for Unemployment and Social
Insurance, received amazing ovation. The great
majority at this Congress are not Communists But
they cheered the secretary of the Communist Party
because he had sensed what was deep in their
hearts, and expressed it clearly and boldly.
Comrade Browder followed on the platform DR..
Broadus Mitchell of Johns Hopkins University, who
was candidate for Governor of Maryland on the
Socialist ticket Norman Thomas had sent mes
sage, excusing himself for not appearing, but ap-
proving of the Congress DR.. Mitchell went beyond
this, and said that he was for the united front
everywhere, and at all times. {.
And Earl Browder answered him, with wise and
fraternal words. saying that the united front was
virtually necessary for the American working class
and that the Communist Party would never rest
until it had been created
Browder also replied to William Green. who had
attacked the Workers Unemployment Bill on the
grounds that it was Communist plan, and that
1t was unconstitutional.
Yes, the Communist Party had first worked out
this bill and popuIarized it, said Browder but that
not an argument against the bill, but q recon-
mendstion for the Communist Party, for which
we thank Mr. Green most Kindly, even though his
intentions were not friendly"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-01-09
United Front in Action

THERE 81 Socialist Party members at this
Congress. They had held a caucus at which
they passed strong resolution pledgng themselves
to fight for the Unemployment Insurance Bill
against every reactionary leader.
Among these delegates are two state secretaries
of the Socialist Party and several others who are
members of their state executive committees.
A Negro who is southern member of the United
Textile Workers, and who had been threatened with
expulsion by the reactionary leaders if he to
this Congress, arose the floor Of the convention
and said:
Nobody, not Bill Green or the devil himself,
can stop me from coming to convention that will
help the Negro masses of the South"
Delegate Weeks, white textile worker followed
him and said: eve in Tennessee have our own
Dlinger and Public Enemy Number One 1t is
named Starvation. The officials help this enemy
of ours. The Department of Justice also harbors
and encourages him. But we workers mean to run
him down. him and his friends, and finish him off
forever. If this is Communism, make the most
of it."
Paul Rasmussen, an active leader in the I'm
employed Workers Alliance of Chicago which has
235 locals is another Socialist who pledged him
self and the groups that had sent him to a united
front.
Dr. Harry Ward, of Union Theological Seminary,
spoke for the League Against War and Fascism, Of
which he is head
Don Henderson and Lem Harris described the
plight of the American farmers and the way the
relief administration and the government loan
corporations being used against them.
Twenty -one veterans, representing almost
dozen organizations, including an American Legion
post in Brooklyn, are present at this Congress.
Through their spokesman, Harold Hickerson they
proclaimed this Unemployment Insurance Bill the
most important issue before America today and
pledged to fight for it along with their own bonus
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-01-09
School in Working Class Politics

THERE were many other speakers. 1t is impossible
to quote them in full
These men and women come out of the ranks
of the people, and are therefore better informed
on what is going on than the rival Wall Street
congress on Capitol Hill.
Congress like this is great school where an
intensive and realistic course in working class poll
tics is scared unforgettaby into several thousand
rugged minds.
How well the workers know this. What sacrifices
some of them have made to come here. Some, like
the president of the textile union at Nashua. N H
have been expelled from their union for 1t by the
reactionary leaders.
Some, like the young delegate from an unem-
ployed council in California have travelled here
by the box-car route, Drawing the ice the jails,
the danger
group of Illinois farmers ratified off their pigs
and calves to pay their expenses here. An unem-
poyed group 20 miles outside of Cleveland got their
local relief authorities to endorse the BILL and also
to pay the expenses of the delegates here.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-01-09
Two Letters From Political
Prisoners In Fascist Austria

day would seem too short. At Z
O'Clock we are given black coffee
with saccharine. At IL o'clock we
get a piece of bread. Not until
several days after the arrival in
prison does one get some porridge
made of barley, rice or lentils. At
4 o'clock we again receive a slice of
bread and at o'clock in the eve
ning-some soup. There are no
spoons to eat with. Eight days after
arrival in prison one receives an
additional piece of bread and some
kind Of porridge with the evening
soup.
During the first fourteen days
one is completely cut off from the
outside world,-not allowed to write,
or buy anything, or see any visitors,
because in the first days one is not
a prisoner but is only detained.
No complaints are acted upon.
When a prisoner finally comes be-
fore the investigators with the
thought that at last he will learn
Of the reason for the detention,
the answer is generally That is
confidential
IF prisoner has the luck to
get out Of the solitary confinement
cell, he is transferred to the So
called common room where there
morning, wash, and clean up in
very great hurry. The inmates of
one room after the other hurry to
a washing stand with four water
are 10 to 20 or more prisoners
crowded together.
LAS already mentioned above, we
have to get up at 5 O'Clock in the
taps. At the beginning there were
also small pieces of soap there, but
later these disappeared because
some of the prisoners began to
bring their own soap with them. A
sort Of huge sheet hung over
roller acts as a towel for 100 per-
sons. The straw sacks are dragged
out and piled up in the corridor
and the plank beds are stacked one
ABOVE the other in the room.
AT 5 o'clock in the evening the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-01-09
Questions
and
Answers

This feature appears daily on the feature page
All questions should he addressed to Questions
and Answers co Daily Worker, 30 E. 18th St,
N.YC.
Question: What is the attitude Of the Commu-
mist Party to liberal newspapers like the New York
Post? They seem to print much useful informa-
ton which can be used against the capitalist class7
AT.
Answer: Papers like the New York Post are capi-
TALKING on the great dissatisfaction Of the masses
with the present situation and with their hatred
Of fascsm and its bloody actions in Italy and Ger
many Consequently they attack the European fss-
cists, and often print material that is useful in
exposing the terrorstic actions Of the fascist die
tstorships.
The liberal papers capitalist papers, and
their function is to protect the interests Of the
capitalist class. The Scripps-Howar papers in
California joined in the reign Of terror that
launched against the San Francisco general strike.
They are playing leading role in whipping up
jngoistic feelings against Japan and in pushing
a bigger navy.
The New York Post is owned by Mr.. J. David
Stern, a multi-millionaire friend and advisor Of
President Roosevelt. He and the paper are staunch
supporters Of the New Deal. They play up the fic-
ton that all the evils produced by the N R. A.
and other New Deal legislation cannot be blamed
on Roosevelt, but must be blamed on ev-minded
subordinates wicked bankers, and inefhciencies in
carrying on the program. After criticzing some
OBVIOUS harm done the workers by the New Deal,
they then always come out all the more strongly
for Roosevelt and his program which is for the
benefit of the monopolies and the rich
Thus the liberal press the capitalist class
in its special and subtle way Communists
must especially fight against their ballyhoo since
it is sugar coated with pleasant phrases and de-
ceves the workers more effectively than the open
hatred and stupidity Of the reactionsry press
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-01-09
TUNING In

.OO-WEAF-Republican Policies In Con-
gress-Representative Hamilton
Fish of New York
WORKSHOPS Resume-Stan bomax
wJz-Amos m Andy-sketch
wABC-Myrt and Marge-sketch
15-WEAF-Pickens Sisters Trio
WOR-Lum and Abner-Sketch
INFLAMMATION Echoes
WABC-Just Plain Bill-Sketch
WEAF-Gould and Shelter, Piano
WOR-Harry Stockwell, Baritone
wJz-Red Davis-Sketch
wABC-The o'Neills-sketch
7:45-wEAF-Uncle Ezra Sketch
WOR-Levitow Orch.
wJz-Dsngerous Paradise Sketch
wABC-Boake Carter, Commentator
:oo-WEAF-Play, Connie Goes Home,
with Mary Pickford, Actress
WOR-LeIe Ranger-Sketch
wJz-Penthouse Party; Mark Hell
linger, Gladys Glad; Peggy Flynn
Coincidence; Travellers Quartet.
Coleman Orch; Donald Novis,
Tenor
WABC-Diane-Mu Comedy
8:l5-WABC-Edwin C. Hill, Commentator
s:3o-wEAF-Wayne King Orch.
WOR-Variety Musicale
WJz-Lanny Ross, Tenor; Salter
Orch; Frances Maddux, Songs
WABC-Eyerett Marshall, Baritone
Elizabeth Jennox, Contrslto;
Mixed Chorus: Arden Orch.
wEAF-Fred Allen, Comedian; James
Melton, Tenor; Hayton Orch.
WOR-Hillbilly Music
wJZ-2o,000 Years in Sing Sing
Sketch. with Warden Lawes
WABC-Kostelanetz Orch; Mixed
Chorus
9.30-WOR-Sandra Swenska, Soprano
WJz-John Mccormack, Tenor; Con-
cert Orch.
WABC-George Burns and Oracle
Allen Comedians
9:45-WOR-Vecsey Orch.
0-WEAF-LLombardo Orch.
WOR-Literary Justice-Sketch
WJZ-Mischa Levitski, Piano
WABC-Broadcast To and From
Byrd Expedition
0:15-WOR-Current Events-H. E. Read
Jz-Beauty-Mme. Sylvia
l0:30-WEAF-One Mans Tamily-Sketch
WOR--Variety Musicale
WJz-Denny Orch; Harry Richman,
Songs
WABC-Mary Eastman, Soprano;
Evan Evans, Baritone
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-01-09

and which held the Tsar's troops
for ten days.
The Mensheviks deplored the
armed rising, which was crushed
in blood, as inopportune and mis-
take. Lenin criticized the errors in
tactics which were made, but saw
in the armed rising the greatest
historical achievement of the Rus
sian Revolution" and the signpost
to future victory.
>. Nothing could be more
short sighted than Piekhanov's
view, which is adopted by all the
opportunists, that the strike was
inopportune and should not have
been started and that they Should
not have taken up arms" On the
contrary, they should have taken
to arms more resolutely, energeti-
cally and aggressively, 1t should
have been explained to the masses
that peaceful strikes by them
selves were useless, and that fear
less and ruthless armed fighting
was required. To conceal from
the masses the necessity for a
desperate, sanguinary, extermm-
ating war as the immediate task
OF future revolutionary action
means to deceive both ourselves
and the people" (V. I. Lenin,
The Lessons of the Moscow Up
rising in 1.-THE Revolution of
1905" little Lenin Library, Vol. s,
PIP. 30-36.)
Tsarism was for the moment VIC
torious. The finance capital OF
democratic" Britain and France
came to the rescue of reactionary
tsa1'ism. and bolstered it up with
enormous loans, without which II
would have undoubtedly fallen
Bloody reaction set in. Lenin, who
had returned to Russia in 1905 tc
lead the struggle on the spot, from
the conditions of illegality, had tc
return to emigration in 1907.
DURING the period Of reaction
v different tactics had to be pur-
sued, of patient, persistent mass
work, utilizing every smallest pos
sibility. Many lost heart and
dropped cut. The Bolsheviks had
lost most heavily in sacrifices, both
of those killed and of those i'm
prisoned. In the period of rcaction
the Mensheviks came to the f7cnt;
they declared that there was nc
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-01-09
From a Schutzbunder in a
Provincial Prison

JUST a short and true descrip-
ton Of the last few weeks:
After arriving in. -. we were taken
to the gendarmes. From there to
a cellar which had no ventilation.
In utter darkness gasping for air,
in a cell hardly measuring six
square metres, with damp walls and
a wet cold earth f1oor-86 men
were forced to stay. Schutzcorps
men frequently came and declared
as follows: Josef Lang (the execu-
tioner-Ed) is already waiting for
you,' Whoever moves, will get a
hand-grenade thrown at him. etc
After three days, 20 men, myself
included, were taken as we were in
formed to the gallows.' We were
forced to run the gauntlet on the
stairs. But after ten minutes we
were back again in the cellar,
which in the meantime had been
cleared of the remaining prisoners.
Then we were told Only the death
candidates remain here Soldiers
came, and prepared their rifles to
Shoot-it was apparently now all I'D
with us. Thus they tortured us.
This game needed strong nerves.
BY the last cross examination !
could not walk, much less speak.
Death would have been deliver
ance to me.
Now I am in the district court
prison we are 20 men in one
cell, in which formerly six men
were kept Excuse my hand
writing, I can not write any better,
as 1 am feeling very bad.