davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana labor news., 1935-05-09

pound, you can get the equivalent Of a
quart Of fresh whole milk for less than
81 cents. The Bureau of Home Eco
Monies will tell you how to use this
valuable food.
Perhaps you would like to know
whether you are paying more to your
butcher than you should in COMPARE
son to other cities. Following is a
tabluation in regard to beef and lamb.
BEEF.
BEEF is likely TO continue upward
through 1885, but probably during the
rest of the year, the advance will be
much less pronounced than that which
has occurred since November. Market
supplies of all classes and grades of
cattle and calves this year will be ma
terially smaller than the large market
ings OF the past two years. Also, the
supplies of competing meats, partiou-
larly pork, will be lower. Better
grades Of beef are unusually scarce and
will probably continue to be so during
most of this year, since the number Of
cattle on feed this winter is the
smallest in many years.
RELATIVE SHORTAGE Of the
better grades OF beef has increased the
premium on these grades. In fact, prices
OF the better grades started to go up
much earlier than the prices Of the
poorer grades of beef. At the present
time prices of all grades are rising.
RECEIPTS of cattle at the seven
leading markets in January, exclusive
of Government purchases, were about
IS per cent smaller than a year ago.
but they were II per cent larger than
the five-year January average. Pur-
chases of cattle and calves by the Ag-
ricultural Adjustment Administration
which were started last June as
drought-relief measure, were recently
discontinued. About 8,22S,000 head Of
cattle and calves were purchased under
this program.
Average Retail Prices, February IL,
1885. (cents,
Montana labor news., 1935-05-09

securing the rights of the workers, and declares
that collective bargaining by the workers throu-
gh representatives Of their own choosing is the
necessary machinery to realize this equality.
The bill, therefore, positively legalizes collec-
tive bargaining and provides for elections, sup
ervised by a government board, by which the
workers shall choose their agencies to carry out
the bargaining idea.
In addition, the bill prohibits certain we'll
known subversive practices which employers use
to victimize trade unionists and prevent collec-
tive bargaining. The practices include inter
ference with the right to organize and bargain
collectively, domination or interference with the
formation and administration Of labor organiza-
tons, financial support Of labor organizations,
and the use of discrimination to keep workers
out of bona fide unions. To administer the pro-
posed law provision is made for a National La
Dor Relations Board.
These principles of fundamental economic
rights for working men and women constitute
the substance of the Wagner Labor Relations
Bill.
And the Liberty League has the effrontery to
declare that writing these principles into the
statute law of the United States and strictly adj
ministering them by a government board con-
stitute a serious invasion of American Liberties E!
Washington State Labor News
Montana labor news., 1935-05-09
DANISH THE
RECKLESS DRIVER

Drivers with cronic cases of traffic
negligence, who have long and on
tinuous strings of accidents against
their driving records, will be ruled off
the highways, if bills such as recently
introduced in the Oregon legislature by
State Senator Bynon are passed,
The bill was originated by the
American Automobile Association, and
carries the endorsement of the Ma
tional Council for Street and Highway
Safety. 1t has been in effect in a
number of states for several years,
Under it, a driver responsible for a GER
tain number Of accidents is deprived Of
his license. The bill is reciprocal in
that persons ruled off the roads of one
state cannot obtain a license to drive in
another state which has the same law.
States which have tried the law pro-
nounce it extremely beneficial.
Authoritative surveys demonstrate
that the habitually careless driver, like
the habitual criminal, never reforms.
If he is reckless, incompetent or con-
genitally unable to drive properly, the
chances are that he will never change.
No matter how many accidents he may
have, and how many times he may be
arrested, he will continue to cause
more accidents and violate more traf-
fic laws. Thousands Of cases are on
record where one driver has been re-
sponsible for a score or more of acct
dents within a relatively short period
OF time. Such drivers menace the life,
health and property of us all-they
have no right to drive automobiles.
1t is estimated that, after the 1885
legislative sessions close, IS to 90 per
cent OF all motorists in the country
will be affected by a safety responsible
ity law. 1t will be a potent weapon in
the war against our mounting toll OF
automobile accidents-nine out of ten
of which are easily avoidable.
Montana labor news., 1935-05-09
u. S. Told Where To
Get OFF
Continued from Page y

CONTINUED from Page y
in the contest with the employers.
Nields was appointed to the federal
bench by Hoover in 1880. The ap-
pointment is for life. The judge is
responsible to no power on earth. He
rules over his kingdom, which en-
braces the entire state Of Delaware, as
automatically as Mussolini rules Italy.
Notwithstanding Congress voted al
most unanimously for Section IA and
President Roosevelt signed the meas
ure, and the country overwhelmingly
endorsed both Congress and the presi-
dent, the federal judge, sitting in his
office in Wilmington, says the law is
null and void" The case involves the
right of the Weirton Steel Co. EN-
ployes to organize a union of their
own, free from any interference from
the company. Congress and the presi-
dent said they had this right. The
federal judge, appointed by Hoover,
said they did not have this right. The
judge wins. And the men lose, as
usual
The judges reasoning is sound from
the standpoint of the employing steel
corporation - but it is a tough break
for the men who work for a living.
Down in Kentucky, another federal
judge ~ Charles /. Dawson holds
the coal code is illegal. The code pro-
vided for some favorable regulation OF
the conditions under which the miners
worked in the coal mines Of Kentucky,
Dawson was appointed as federal judge
by Calvin Coolidge - for life. Daw-
son holds that when the government
unconstitutionally interferes with the
right Of a citizen to do business in his
own way, that interference constitu-
ties an injury to the property rights oil
the citizen If that interference
takes the form Of exacting payment Of
wages in excess of what the citizen /:
willing to pay, to the extent OF in
creased wages this citizen has beer
Injured in his property rights" Al
of which is good sound capitalisti(
doctrine
And down in Alabama, Judge William
Grub, appointed by Taft for life, de.
%clares hat it is unconstitutional fol
the government to manufacture cleo
~trical energy for sale in competition
with private utilities"
These three decisions emphasize once
again the fact that we are not living
in a country with a democratic form
of government. Federal judges APP
pointed for life ~ rule the country II
much the same way that Hitler doe
in Germany. It would be much more
economical to turn all legislative pro
posals over to the judges before they
are made into law. Let the judges
rule IN the bills before they are enact
ed. Congress and the president coulc
then take a much needed vacation go
as the king and Parliament have done
in Italy
Montana labor news., 1935-05-09
MUCH SPEED
CAUSE INJURIES

Especial to Montana Labor News.)
FORT PECK.-The quarters the men
live in were built by the Govern
ment, 81 men in each barracks. In the
foremen's barracks there are 10 rooms,
two men in a room. They sleep be-
tween sheets and have three wooden
blankets over them, In the laborers
barracks there are thirty two men in
leach, and they are not divided into
rooms at all, just wide open. 1t just
has four walls, roof and a floor in it
There is one mess hall for every eight
barracks or one block.
A few days ago articles appeared in
THE capitalists newspapers stating that
the Butte Miners of Fort Peck broke
the world record in driving the CONVEX
sion tunnels. This is undoubtedly very
TRUE, but we failed to see any article
relating to the injuries and deaths
Icaused by this show OF speed.
At the beginning of operations they
put two tressels across the bridge and
from these tressels train loads Of gravel
are dumped, building up two walls, each
lwall being each side Of the dam, the
/ water side, and the down stream side.
THE dredges, pump, muck and gravel in
between these two walls, approximately
half way between these two walls piling
is driven to reinforce the dam. On
these tressels on which the trains run
across is a one way track for automo-
biles and at each end OF the tressel
there is a red and blue light. Red to
stop and blue to go the same as any
traffic light, and seated in a little
shack on the tressel is a towerman who
regulates the traffic.
On the tressel at the east ramp there
was a bad accident when Captain
Fences car, driven by one OF his men
ran into an International truck coming
in the opposite direction. There were
three men injured and one thrown
through the top of Captain Fences
car, the man who was driving the car
is now being forced to pay for all re-
pairs on the car or turn in his button.
This was no fault of the towerman,
however, because it happened off Of
the ramp and outside of the light.
AT each end of the tunnels there is
Ia large pit where the water flows in
and out and there is a retaining wall
around the sides of this pit. 1t is
put up in blocks and each block is es-
timated at a cost of ten thousand dol
lars, and on the floor of this big pit
there is a three-foot coat of concrete.
Mason and Walsh have the contract
for these retaining walls. At the lower
portals there will be approximately
sixty-five blocks Of retaining wall.
due to the shale decomposing so rap
idly whenexposed to the air there has
been quite a little trouble in getting
the blocks in because the shale caves
in and breaks down the timbers that
are holding it. There have also been
several accidents with the shale caving
out of the back wall and falling on
the men below. On one Of the shafts
that are being dug opposite portal two,
lower portals, there was a bad accident
on one Of the stiff-leg derricks when
one OF the operators attempted to as
sist another and stepped in between
two gears having his foot cut off
across the instep. There has also
been a few accidents in the lower por-
tails caused by flying rock from blast
ing in the excavation for these blocks.
Montana labor news., 1935-05-09

Average Retail Prices, February II,
1885. (cents)
Montana labor news., 1935-05-09
Facts About Milk From
Government Sources
Continued from page y

ASCAAeAAA1N1 NA0 &c
CARELESS of whether the milk they
drink is raw, boiled, or pasteurized.
Boiling does not rob milk of any of its
food value, and it does something to
make milk more digestible. None Of
the reasons people give for not using
boiled milk are actually valid, except Of
course the change intaste.
CHEAPER GRADES Of raw or
pasteurized milk, often just as high in
nutritive value as the most expensive
grades, may be used in cooking, too, if
your food money is scarce.
CHOOSING the economical type Of
milk for your purposes need not stop
with fresh milk. Other forms can be
included in the diet, maybe in some
cases more economically. The Bureau
of Home Economics gives these all
tentative forms as approximately
equivalent to the food value of a quart
of fluid whole milk: II ounces Of
evaported milk; l quart Of fluid skim
milk and ~ ounces OF butter; 5 ounces
of American Cheddar cheese; AZ
ounces Of dried whole milk; 3H ounce
of dried skim milk and w ounces of
butter.
CENTURIES of skimming cream
from milk has given lots OF consumers
the false idea that cream is the only
thing valuable in milk. When butterfat
is removed from whole milk, the skim
will, .bot ra,,a;,e co,ta,re n IarUe nor
ton of the proteins, sugar, minerals,
and Vitamins B and G that make the
whole milk valuable. True, skim milk
compared with whole milk is lower in
fuel value, not so rich in flavor, and a
BOOT source of Vitamin A. But add
an ounce and a half of butter to a
quart of skim milk and you will get
the same food value as a quart of whole
milk. If you are not, for reasons OF
economy, buying an adequate supply oil
whole milk, you can, at little expense.
safely use skim milk to increase your
milk supply provided you make sure tc
get your Vitamins A and D from other
foods or fish-liver oils.
DRIED SKIM milk has all the food
virtues of fresh skim milk except Wit
amin c. Ordinarily it is the cheapest
form OF milk you can buy. Even when
you add the fat and Vitamin A miss
ing from the whole milk by using a lit
tie more butter, the cost is less than
whole milk, whether fresh, evaported,
or condensed. One quart of fresh
whole milk equals 81 ounces Of dried
skim milk plus ~ ounces Of butter.
With dried skim milk at, let US say, lt
cents a pound and butter at 50 cents a
Montana labor news., 1935-05-09
U U RY


l AM INTEREST; Originally known
as Usury
The Master forbade my practice, warn
ing all men
Even Christ turned me down and cast
me out
The Canonical Laws Of the middle
ages, forbade my use
Martin Luther claimed my users should
be hanged
My users could not be buried in con-
secrated ground
Estates of my users forfeited, their
children disinherited
The fourteenth century brought me
classes with murders.
For centuries l fought for recogni-
ton but to no avail for
| was looked upon as most base and
Cruel by men
Wherever l appeared I was despised
and condemned
Yet struggled on fighting increasingly,
fighting for my use
| used every crooked mind and crook
ed scheme
| whispered in the ear of man, that
wealth was power
l conceived the plan of greed, the road
to wealth.
Men listened, my hearers multiplied in
numbers
They made laws for my use. They
defied their Master;
| crept into the minds OF millions
seeking Wealth and Power.
Even Nations adopted my use and fell
into line.
Great Companies and Corporations
were formed for me
Now my agents covef the earth in
about everything
Even ruthless methods are applied te
my gain.
Ny rate Of toll is being increased be
yond power to pay.
Today my total runs into Billions ant
Billions a year
Yet I will multiply the debt Of mar
and Nations
That my toll will greatly increase iron
year to year.
The rich and poor alike are mine
wealth is my aim.
Their Master now am I, have tht
power and law,
The Master that gave man life, only
can give him liberty.
He may open the eyes OF man anC
rebel against me
But until then Men and Nations, mus.
pay my price.
MEN WORKING, FIGHTING, SCH
EMING for WEALTH and POWER
Yet they cannot escape me, I AN
INTEREST.
Statistics show that the total in.
terest bearing debts in the United
States is $50 billions dollars; and tina.
all the property in the United States
Personal and REAL on a FAIR
CASH VALUATION, is not to Elk
CEED 200 billion dollars.
4 =
SEE IN THE NEAR FUTURE
a crisis approaching that unnerves me
and causes me to tremble for the safety
of my country.
Abraham Lincoln
Contribute
Montana labor news., 1935-05-09

~SACRAMENTO Cal.-(FP) - The
eight radicals convicted of criminal
syndicalism at Sacramento have been
transferred to San Quentin prison to
begin their terms. Efforts are being
made to release them on bail pending
appeal.
Montana labor news., 1935-05-09

The best way to display your loyalty
to Trade Unionism is to buy only from
those who display the Union Label,
Shop Card and Button.
Evening star., 1935-01-14
NEW YORK BANK STOCKS
MOVE HIGHER IN WEEK

Special Dispatch to The Star
NEW YORK, January 14.-New
York City bank stocks registered fur
ther improvement during the last
week, according to figures compiled by
Holt. Rose & Troster.
The total value of Is leading issues
aggregated sl,373, ,2f2 900 on January
II against Sl.345, 765,0O on January
4. an increase Of s27 ATT 900. or 2.04
per cent.
The current average yield of the 16
issues Is 5.68 per cent against 5.79
per cent on January 4. The current
market value is now l.13 times the
known book value against 1.1O times
on January (.
Evening star., 1935-01-14
CURB LIST STEADY
LATE IN SESSION
Utilities and Metals Add to
Gains-Easy Trend in
Oils Checked.
BY the Associated Press.


NEW YORK. January 14.-The
Curb market turned fairly steady in
late trading today after holding mar
roWly irregular in forenoon dealings.
Early improvement in utilities and
metals was extended, and the oil
stocks were more steady.
Gains of small fractions to nearly
a point were shown by American Gas,
Electric Bond & Share, Niagara Hud-
son and Cities Service. Singer Manu-
featuring gained 7 points to 255,
Bunker Hill & Sullivan and Western
Auto Supply each advanced around
l and higher prices were paid for
shares of Wright Hargreaves, Sher-
win-Williams, Aluminium Co., Hiram
Walker and International Petroleum.
Montgomery Ward "A" and the two
Swift issues were among issues show
ing losses.
Evening star., 1935-01-14
FOREIGN EXCHANGES.

NEW YORK. January "A LR;-Foreign
exchange easy; Great Britain in dollars
4sefs; f CO Cables. 4. .seh; so-day bills, 4ss3+;
France, demand; 6;59Ii cables S5s";
Italy demand sS4s cs8lss 49, Germany
sweden. a5.SS: Denmark. SIS: Finland.
Portusais 4.46M: Greece. :S3s4; Poland.
1895; Czechosiovakia, 4 .ls1a; Yugoslayia.
2.29: Austria: 1s.95n; Hungary: ~ ION;
S6in: Toxic. $3.50: SHANGHAI 35.05;
Honskone. 43.35; Mexico City lsilyer peso)
New York in Montreal. 99.s4sa.
Nominal.
Evening star., 1935-01-14
Basket Briefs

A pair of court goals, each by
Rufus Vincent, former Maryland
luminary, and Kidwell. in the fourth
extra period. enabled Company F.
National Guard, basketers to turn
back the Olmsted Grill quint, 1895,
yesterday at Hyattsville.
From the outset it was fine scrap,
and one of the longest ever seen in
this section.
Tonight's Community Center League
card:
Roosevelt League.
$50 pm-Thomas E. Clark VS..
Young Mems Club.
Northeast League.
Langley Junior High.
(NIinor.)
$50 p.m.-Sigma Tau Lambda VS..
Dunkers, Mount Pleasant VS.. Ninth
Street Christians.
Central High League.
7:3o pm. Pepco VS.. National
Guards
$50 pm-Mount Vernon VS.. CAL
vary brakes.
Other results:
War College. 80; Warwicks. 80.
Washington Tobacco Co., 26; War
wicks. "a.
Bovello Plumbers, 36: Fort Wash
ington, 35.
]. c. c. League.
Beta Phi Epsilon, AZ; Athliso, 26.
A. z. A. Alumni, Is; Justice, IL.
A. z. A., 13; Brooklyn c. c., IL.
Albright Memorial dribblerS are
after games with 145-pound teams
having courts for every night except
Friday. Call Cohen at Columbia 2S17
between and pm.
Randall'S Cleaners want games for
tonight and tomorrow night with
quints having courts. Call Cohen,
Columbia 28l7.
Evening star., 1935-01-14
Estimates Still Higher.

NEW YORK. January IA tP'.-The
steel industry's operating rate has
advanced to national average Of
AIS per cent for the current week
said the estimate of the American
Iron g. Steel Institute issued today.
This compares with 43.4 per cent last
week. 34.6 per cent month ago and
342 per cent a year ago.
The gain over the preceding week
is Al points or 94 per cent.
This weeks improvement is in line
with the substantial gains in operat-
ing schedules reported since the mid
die CT December. The current rate is
the highest since last June. and COM
pares with the 1884 low of 1874 per
cent registered in September.
Evening star., 1935-01-14
FOREIGN MARKETS.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the ASSOCIATED Press.
LONDON-In fairly active session on
the Stock Exchange today attention was
diverted from gilt-edged securities which
were dull and easy to new issues. German
bonds rose three points on Saar news. and
gold mining and oil shares resumed their
advance Other sections eased. The
market closed irregular.
PARASITIC calm Sasr plebiscite helped
prices TO register nearly a universal ad-
vance On the Bourse today featuring
strength in rentes and coal issues. Suez.
Citroen and rubber shares. however. de-
clined The closing was firm
BERLIN. An upward movement in
prices was recorded in todays session on
hizher.
Evening star., 1935-01-14
GAIN CONTINUES
At STEEL PLANTS
Operations at 45Ia Per
Cent Bring Companies Back
to Profit Zone.
Special Dispatch 20 The Star.


CLEVELAND, January 14.-Up 3
points last week to Asa per cert. steel
works operations have re-entered the
profit zone, states the magazine Steel.
Last year the rate did not reach this
point until March, and did not remain
above As per cent except through the
second quarter, when the industry
made a rapid, though temporary,
financial recovery.
Not only ingot production, but also
output of finished steel is strongly up
ward. Some steel producers booked
more finished steel in the first 10 days
this month than in all of January last
year.
Sheet mill operations have risen to
an average of go per cent, strip mills
close to this figure; tin plate to so per
cent. The nut and bolt industry is at
As per cent. Some sheet mills work.
ing at capacity for the automobile in
dustry are allotting tonnage to their
customers, as in 1929. Scrap prices in
the Middle West have made another
sharp advance, extending a two-month
upward trend.
Farm Market Widened.
Shortly. with the approach of
Spring, it will be demonstrated
whether demand from the leading
consumers outside the automobile in
dustry is to be propped mainly by
Government spending as in 1884. or
whether the improvement in fact is
Strengthening private initiative.
The big farm market for steel prod
ucts this year is reflex of Govern
ment aid last year. The new $4,000
100000 Federal public works program
presents this difference-it empha-
sizes relief through work, meaning
more material and equipment.
With increasing manufacturing
operations, the need for replacing out
worn equipment is becoming strong
enough to overcome even some of the
hesitancy engendered through uncer-
Idlll 1OFcIIuuCllI pOAllCo. N1dAly PAl
chaseS in the current iron and steel
markets are for requirements to facil-
itate production: it is obvious that
fair start on rebuilding the industrial
machine will be an important factor in
steel demand.
Rail Tonnage Down.
Possibly as protection against in
terruptions, automobile manufacturers
are bringing strong pressure to bear
for steel Automobile output last week,
$4,000, compares with $4,000 in the
preceding week. The Ford schedule
for this month. 100000 cars, may fall
short of this through inability TO
obtain sufficient bodies.
Rail tonnage in prospect at this time
is far less impressive than in 1884
About 100000 tons are marked for
early award. which the carriers them
selves will finance Southern Pacific
is inquiring for 26,7 tons. December
domestic freight car purchases, ITO.
brought the total for the year to
23,829. largest since 1880. Relaying
rails have been reduced 81 ton
Steel's iron and steel price COM
posite has advanced 6 cents to S3257,
rejecting the rise in scrap. Finished
steel index remains S54. while the
scrap composite is s120s, up 81 cents.
Evening star., 1935-01-14
LEAGUE WOULD EXPAND
Another Town Sought to Make
Western Loop of Eight Clubs.

" CSICAA 0OoP Va 6A6A S3ASS'
KANSAS CITY, January IA R.-
Western Association base ball club
owners have agreed upon a l40-game
split season for 1885, opening the
wook of May S and closing Labor day.
Tom Fairweather of Des Moines was
reelected president.
Delegates announced that Fort
Smith, Ark, would become a member
of the league If another suitable city
could be found to increase the men,
bership from the present six to eight
cities.
The six clubs comprising the asso-
citation at present are Joplin, Spring.
field, Muskogee, Bartlesville, Ponca
City and Hutchinson. =
Evening star., 1935-01-14
U. S. TREASURY POSITION.
BY the Associated Press,

ary was: Receipts for January ii,
S13,436. 60941: expenditures $50
161.4 40; net balance S2.50I .S3;} $40 81:
customs receipts for the month. SO. .665,-
Receipts for the fiscal year (since July
y. 81 .96l l0,369 90; expenditures, So
80 AZ of emergency expenditures: excess
of expenditures 81 l176,Ss5. 293 30. Gold
assets, SS,26:i. / IA 9S6.24