davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker., 1935-02-04
Vast Machine Plants
Speed GrOwth of
SoUiet Agriculture
Basic Capital of Soviet Industry Has Best Tech
nique in World; Number of Skilled Workers and
Technicians Increasing by Thousands Yearly

one million Gin 1884 the U. S. A.
produced 16,5O0,000 million tons of
iron) we certainly will need no
more than four years. [Stormy
aprlaUse.l
"In addition, in the past four
yea heavy ln4Uo.-.f ll2J provided
agriculture with the following:
1,141,50O tractor ploughs, ASS ,616
horseploughs, over 100000 sowing
machines, 209,716 haycutters, 30,424
combines, about 100000 reapers,
61,758 tractors, threshers, etc. Heavy
industry provided the following fer
tilizers for Kolkhoz and Sovkhoz
fields: 2,677 900 tons of super phos-
pilates, 100000 tons of phosphor
powder, 1907 900 tons of raw silvi-
mite, about 100000 tons of nitrate
fertilizers, ETC.; 67,6OO,O00 roubles
have been appropriated for COM
batting insects injuring agriculture.
ITO sum up, heavy industry dur
ing these four years supplied agri-
culture with machinery, tractors,
automobiles, locomobiles, and vari-
GUS other equipment, valued at over
four billion roubles. To translate
The daily worker., 1935-02-04

tions in its newly built plants,
We plan for 1885 to produce $4,000
tons. There was also no nickel. In
1884, the first Soviet nickel plant in
the Urals produced 1853 tons. We
recently uncovered deposits of
nickel ore in Karelia and Kazak-
stan. Two big nickel plants are
under construction there. In 1885
the Dneprovsh Aluminium Com
binat, with a capacity of $4,000 tons,
will be finished. Plants will be con-
structed also in other places. BY
the end of the Second Five Year
Plan, the U. S. S. r. will produce
10000 tons of aluminium annually,
which will put it in first place
among European nations, and in
second place in world production.
During last year the Soviet
plants produced $500 tons of cop
per. We plan for 1885 to produce
71,000 tons of copper; a smelling
combinat for 100000 tons is being
built on Lake Balkash, and another
in the Central Urals for $4,000 tons,
and still another for 10000 tons.
The gold industry is developing
well. Last year it overfulflled its
production plan.
The daily worker., 1935-02-04
Soviet Constitution

''The Soviet constitution was adopt
ed as early as 1918. Written by
Lenin, the Soviet constitution has
become the banner of the toilers
in their struggle for Socialism: Un-
der this banner we have made great
progress. The Soviet constitution
mas developed further during the
formation of the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics, in the text of
basic law" of the U. S. S. R. elab-
GRATED by Stain. Since then, the
successes of Socialism have brought
about great changes in the entire
social structure of our country.
These changes, however, could not
as yet be reflected in the text of
our constitution. Therefore, the So
Wet constitution must be so amend
ed as to reinforce from without the
conquests of the October Revolu-
ton, such as the creation of the
collective farm system, the liquida-
tion of capitalist elements, the vic
tory of Socialist ownership in the
Soviet Union. Our constitution
must also reflect the task of devel-
oping Soviet democracy to it's end,
its task of developing both old as
well as new forms of participation
by the toilers in governing their
states.
"The present Congress of Soviets
must say some words concerning
this question. 1t is not difficult to
understand the peculiar position of
the workers and peasants republic
while there is only one Soviet state
in existence in the world. While
the system of capitalism is being
torn by stronger and stronger an
tagonisms, and it becomes more and
more evident to anyone looking on
that it no longer stands very firmly
on its legs, we, on the other hand,
can say to our friends that the So
Wet Union, now as never before, is
great in its economic power and in
its consolidation of the toiling mass
es around Soviet power. cloud ap-
plause0 This we owe first of all to
our Party, which is the soul of the
entire Socialist construction. Under
the unfurled banner of Marxism-
Leninism, our Party marches for
ward, inspiring the fighters for
Communism; our Stain leads the
million-strong masses, and we know
for certain-this is the road to our
complete victory!" (Stormy, pro-
longed applause, turning into an
ovation. The entire hall rises.
Shouts, Long live Stain, Hurrahl |
Long hvs Molotov!)
The daily worker., 1935-02-04

such a dictatorship can build the
new society, a society without class
es, which will provide the grounds
for raising the well-being and cul-
ture of the people to high levels.
We are ready to acknowledge that
in our system there are still many
small and large shortcomings, but
the baSis-Socialist property and the
power of the toilers-is the great
uncomfortable force. Applause
"Our Soviets are the embodiment
Of the dictatorship of the prole-
tariat. AS organs of the power of
the toilers, they must concern them
selves first of all with STRENGTHEN
ing social, state, cooperative and
collective farm property, safeguard
ed by Socialist legality. AS organs
OF power they must diligently be
on their guard and strike telling
blows against the agents of the en-
emy. At the same time, they must
The daily worker., 1935-02-04
Oil and Fuel

Ordjonikidze went on to discuss
the problems of the oil industry.
'T'he requirements of petroleum
and benzine oils continue to grow
year by year in the land of the So
viets. The development of the use
Of tractors and automobiles
throughout the country, the new
locomotives, the new Martin ovens.
demand much fuel today and will
demand still more tomorrow. The
total oil reserve in the Soviet Union
is estimated at the present time at
3,OOO,O00,0O0 tons, or 80 per cent of
all world oil reserves. Thus the
Q. S. S. R. has first place here in
the world. And how much unex-
The daily worker., 1935-02-04

dustrialization of our country lies
in this understanding
This, of course" Ordjonikidze
stated, SIS absolutely correct. Ow-
ing to this, we today are victors. Our
industry now has cadres of thou
sands and tens Of thousands of lead
ers who do not work badly today,
and who will work many times bet
ter tomorrow. OF this there can
be no doubt whatever. Our industrial
technical schools, our workers uni
versities organized on the instruc-
ton of Stain, now graduate scores,
hundreds and thousands of engi-
neers, technicians, highly skilled
workers, and a still larger number
of them have been trained directly
in construction, at the factory
bench"
The daily worker., 1935-02-04
Electricfcation

Passing to Characterization of
the different branches of industry,
Ordjonikidze first took up electrifi-
cation. "The electric power of the
U.S.S,R. at the end of 1880 amount
ed to 2,876,O0O kilowatts, while by
January /, 1895, it has gone up
to 6,212,000 kilowattS, an increase
of 116 per cent. In 1880, the power
stations Of the Soviet Union pro-
duced 8,O00,368,00O kilowatt hours of
electric power; in 1884, they pro-
duced 20,500,000,oO0 kiloWatt hours,
an increase of las per cent. In 1880
the U.S.SR. had 6,154 kilometers of
electric transmission lines, and by
January l, 1885, we already have
12,207 kilometers. During the last
four years, we built % big district
and IA factory electric stations; we
expanded q district and three big
factory electric stations. So far as
the exploitation of electric stations
ID CoAISO1ACu, GAiC SSVdOlLollSu use OA
kilowatt power is much higher in
the U. S. S. R. than in West Eu-
ropean capitalist countries an d
America. There the established
kilowatt power is worked 1900 to
$500 hours in the year; at Soviet
stations, it is worked for 1900 hours.
Owing to the fact that we have the
newest technical equipment, the So
Wet electric stations have achieved
considerably lower fuel expen-
diture. Fuel expenditure per kilo-
watt hour in average stations in
1884 amounted to .684 kilograms,
decreasing to .5S1 Kilograms in some
stations.
The daily worker., 1935-02-04
Role of Heavy Industry

''The production plan for machine
construction in 1885 is set at II ,267,-
100000 rubles, and this sum does
not include the output of local dis
trict industry. Heavy industry"
continued Ordjonikidze, eve built
not simply for its own sake but so
that, by fulfilling its own task, it
should lay the base for reconstruct
ing all other branches of our ma
tional economy.
"In the past four years, heavy in
dustry provided agriculture with
the following: 100000 tractors on
wheels, 8,377 caterpillar tractors,
43,545 automobile trucks, $500 pass
enger automobiles, 3O,1O2 motors for
combines. In four years, the auto
mobile and tractor plants built by
our feminist Party provided agri-
culture with tractors and motors for
combines possessing a total capacity
of 100000 horsepower. Do you
recall" asked Ordionikidze, chow
Lenin dreamed about 100000
tractors?
During these years, which to all
capitalist countries have meant
continuation of economic crisis,
heavy industry in the U.SSR. con-
tinued its triumphant march 1t
increased its output more than
four-fold in comparison with 1923.
These citizens in foreign countries
who are more or less informed Of
what is going on, beginning with the
newspaper reporters, and ending
with the solid economists and
statesmen, cannot now deny this
development.
The daily worker., 1935-02-04
New Cities

Some Gill 900 workers, techni-
clans and engineers are working in
heavy industry. The new factories
made it necessary to build dwellings,
schools, hospitals, children's insti-
tutions, clubs, roads, etc. 1t was
necessary to build new towns like
Magnitogorsk, Stalinsk, Berezniki,
Salikomsk, and others. During these
four years, 100000 roubles were
invested in social and municipal
construction for heavy industry.
This year, 9z0,OOO,OOO roubles has
been assigned to construct housing,
cultural, institutions, etc. The wages
of workers have increased 1853 per
cent in these four years. Heavy in
dustry has overfulfilled it's task for
the First Five Year Plan. It has
overfulfilled the plan of the Second
Five Year Plan, producing in 1884
an increase of 27 per cent instead of
% per cant, as provided in the plan.
What position does heavy industry
in the U. S. S. R. occupy with re-
spect to world economy? In an
thracite, the U S. S. R. occupied
fifth place in 1880, fourth in 1884;
in oil, it is firmly established in
second place; in iron, the US.S.R.
moved from fifth place in 1880 to
second place In steel it went from
fifth place to third In the manu-
facture of tractors, from second
place in 1880 to first place in the
whole world in 1884. Prolonged
applause) The U. S. S. R already
has the most powerful plant for
agricultural machine construction
in Europe The output of automo-
bile trucks in the U. S. S. R. from
ninth place in 1880 to third place
in the world In the production of
electric power Russia occupied fif-
teenth place in 1913, and in 1880
had already moved up to ninth,
while during these four years, it
has taken third place in the world,
and is on a level with Great Brit
ain
During these four years, the U.
S. S. R. invested 2,160,00o,O 900 rou-
bles in non-ferrous metallurgy. The
production of non-ferrous metal
lurgy increased ga per cent in 1884,
in comparison with 1880. Notwith-
standing this, the country still feels
a big shortage of non-ferrous
metals. This branch of industry,
with the exception of copper, is as
yet little developed beyond pre-
revolutionary Russia, while in many
cases before the country was totally
without some of these metals. There
was no aluminium at all, while in
1884 the u. S. s. r. produced 14,4O0
The daily worker., 1935-02-04
Comparisons

"If we compare the U. S. S. r.
with other countries in regard to
the smelling of iron in 1884, we had
10,440,000 tons, while Germany had
S,720,000 tons; France 6,18O,00O;
Britain, 100000; Belgium, $780,
600; Czechoslovakia, $4,000; Po-
land, $4,000; Italy, 10000; Sweden,
$4,000; Austria, 100000; Japan,
100000 tons of iron. Only the
U. S. A. is still ahead of the u. S.
S. r. Lenin placed before us the
task of catching up and SURPRISING
the advanced capitalist countries.
Without boasting or exaggerating,
we can firmly state to the Soviet
Congress of our Union, that if we
needed four years in which to ad-
vance from 100000 tons to 10,5OO,-
900 tons, then in order to go from
100000 tons to twenty or twenty
The daily worker., 1935-02-04
Heating Stations

Great attention has been given
to the development of central heat
ing stations. During the past four
years, number of powerful CEN
tral heating stations, including, for
example the Kuznetsk station in
Western Siberia, with a capacity of
$4,000 kiloWatts, have been built and
put into operation. BY January l.,
1881, the U. S. S. r. had a 10000
kilowatt heating capacity, and now,
IN 1885, we already have a capacity
Of 10000 kilowatts-an increase of
more than four times Owing to
the growth of central heating sta
tions, fuel economy in 1884 amounted
to more than million tons.
These are the results of the
electrification of the Soviet Union
to which Lenin, as is well known,
aScribed special significance. In
1885 new power stations of a ca
pacity OF 747000 kilowatts will be
put into operation. During this
The daily worker., 1935-02-04
HitIer's Phantasy

"In the light OF these facts Hitler's
statement, This Soviet Russia
resembles a man walking over a
marsh, leaning on the arm of a
strong man. even more fantastic.
According to him, the Soviet Union
is continually leaning on the arm
cf capitalist countries. 1t should be
put on its own feet and told: Now
create your own heaven. Then we
should see results This boast is
not the only one Hitler has made.
In his book, My Struggle Hitler,
in an attempt to convince his sup
porterS that military alliance with
the Soviet Union was unfavorable
for Germany, says: The motoriza-
ton of the world which will play an
enormous and decisive role in the
next war could not be opposed by
us in any respect. In this Important
sphere Germany itself is tagging
behind disgracefully. But in the
event Of such a war, we would have
to support Russia out of our own
small supplies, because Russia hasn't
a single factory capable of making
a real, workable motor truck
daughter, applause) All these
boasts of Hitler simply testify to
his complete ignorance of the ques-
tions of the economic and technical
development of Europe in general
and of our country in particular.
CThunderous applause) In regard to
a military alliance with Germany,
we never intended, never dreamed
OF making such an alliance. This is
well known to every one, including,
we suppose, to Hitler At any rate,
Hitler has no need to worry about
1t. daughter, applause).
Hitler need not become worried
lest he have to supply single
motor, single truck for our Red
Army. The U. S. S. R. doesn't need
him. loud applause.) AS we know,
the entire policy of our government
is directed toward the preservation
OF peace, but we well know that in
the capitalist jungle, the law is that
only the strong are respected, and
the weak set upon. Hence, while
conducting our policy of peace, we
have not, at the same time, ne
elected the defense of our great
Fatherland." (Tumultous applause.)
In conclusion, Ordjonikidze placed
before the Congress the plan for
heavy industry in 1885. I'm this
year, it must make a new leap for
ward-it must produce to the value
of 23,5680OO,0OO rubles-a growth
of 1876 per cent over 1884. We are
convinced" )" concluded Ordjonikidze,
that under the feminist leadership
Of the Central Committee of our
Party headed by Stain, Socialist
heavy industry will fulfill it's tasks.
Long live the great victorious Party
of the Bolsheviks, the Party of Lenin
and Stalinl" (Tumultous applause,
| becoming an ovation.)
The daily worker., 1935-02-04
Industry and Socialism

without creating its own heavy
industry, without creating its own
factories to manufacture modern
machinery" Ordionikidze stressed,
"the Soviet Union would be unable
to celebrate the victory of Socialism.
Had it not done this. the country
would have been converted into a
semi-colony like China. The prole-
tartan state would have been
crushed. In 1921 Lenin had already
written: The construction of large
machinery in industry and its utili-
zation in agriculture are the sole
economic basis of Socialism, the sole
basis for the successful struggle to
free humanity from the yoke of
capitalism In his report to the
Fourth Congress of the Communist
International, Lenin declared: We
economic on everything, even in
schools This must be so, because
we know that without saving heavy
industry without restoring 1t. we
cannot build any industry Without
heavy industry we cease to exist
altogether as an independent coun-
try. We know this well. HeaVy
industry needs government subsi-
dies. If We cannot find these, then
we are lost as civilized state, let
alone a Socialist state
The daily worker., 1935-02-04
Second s. Year Plan
Spurs 4-FOId Leap
In Heavy Industry
U.S.S.R. Leads World in Steel, Iron Output
Second in Oil; Coal Production to Total II2,-
OOO, 1000 Tons in 1885, I52, 500, 900 in 1887

lemma either Of beginning to teach
our workers technique in the school,
thus postponing manufacture and
mass operation of machines for a
decade, or, of Immediately starting
out to create new machines, devel-
oping their operation on a mass
scale in our national economy, so
that in the very process Of produc-
ton and operation, the workers
would learn technique from the ma
chimes themselves, and so our new
cadres become trained. We chose
the second path. Consciously and
openly we undertook to incur in
evitably high costs. But we gained
invaluable time, and formed new
cadres of the greatest Importance
to the economy of the country.
What took scores of years to do
elsewhere in Europe, we were able
to do, roughly and basically, in
three or four years. The high cost
of breakage of machinery and other
losses have been compensated, with
interest. The basis of the rapid in
The daily worker., 1935-02-04
TRIUMPH OF INDUSTRY IS BASIS OF BUILDING SOCIALISM
Relay Race Celebrates
Opening of Congress

MOSCOW (By Wireless) Feb. s.
A few days ago the star relay race
Of railWaymen on skis, held on the
ice Of the Moscow River in honor
Of the Seventh An-Union Congress
of the Soviets, was concluded. The
first group to reach the winning
post came from Archangelsk, hav-
ing covered a distance of 1,133 kilo-
meters without change of crew. Two
minutes later, from the direction
of the Lenin Hills, a group from
distant Murmansk appeared on the
river. Soon sportsmen arrived at
the winning post from Kirov, Sverd-
lovsk, Cheliabinsk, Saratov, Minsk
and other towns of the Soviet Union.
The total distance covered by par
ticipants in the relay race was
14,123 kilometers. The celebrated
ski runners were greeted by over
IL, 900 Moscow sportSmen.
The daily worker., 1935-02-04
State Apparatus

Our state apparatus, which, with
all its shortcomings, ensures us the
possibility of realizing the great
plan of Socialist construction, is de-
picted by our enemies as a bureau
cratic superstructure incompatible
with the interests of developing in
dividual personality and talent. But
this criticism of bureaucracy is
only screen for the real aim of
the enemy: to undermine the ma
chinery of Soviet power directing
the gigantic economy of our country
in the interests of the toilers, which
has come to replace all those big
and little bosses, who, indeed, for
merly did develop who lived in
luxury at the expense of the peas
ants and workers, at the expense
OF the toilerS. In bourgeois coun-
tries where the minority-the ex-
plolters-rule over the ajority-
the toilerS-the organs of state pow
er strive to hide from the masses
their real class content as organs
to safeguard capital against the in
terestS of the toilers. The bour-
geoisie is forced to hide its dicta-
torship under various forms of par
iamentarism, and to keep the mass
es at a distance from its machinery
Of government. Even in countries
OF the fascist type, which are openly
intended to keep the toilers in fear.
obedient, under the heel of the cap
1talists, the bourgeoisie coWardIy
hides the tusks of it's dictatorship
behind all kinds of representation
allegedly, Of the population. 1t is
clear why this is so. An unmasked
bourgeois dictatorship, even in a
democratic shell, would lose all its
authority in the eyes of the toilers:
1t would become known to the toll
ers as power completely foreign
and hostile to their interests.
The daily worker., 1935-02-04
Stain and IndustrializatiOn

In 1925, in one of his reports,
Stain characterized the interna-
tional significance Of the develop
ment of Soviet heavy industry as
follows: AS far as the international
significance Of the development of
our metal industry is concerned. we
can say it is immeasurable. For
what does the gigantic growth of
the metal industry under the die
tatorship of the proletariat signify
but direct proof that the prole-
traiat is capable not only of destroy
ing the old. but of building the new
society? With its own forces, it
can build a new industry, a new
society free from the exploitation
of man by man. And to prove this
by our actions. and not from books,
means to push forward the cause
of international revolution to its
final and assured success
Therefore" asserted Ordioni-
kidze, I'VE can see how justified are
the great attention which our Party
gave to the development of heavy
industry, the fierce struggle which
the Party led against right oppor-
tunists and so-called Iefts' at that
time, against the White Guard
bands zinoviev, Kamenev, and
Trotzky Under the leadership of
Comrade Stain, the Party has
routed these gentlemen, and with a
solid front has proceeded to build
Socialist heavy industry in Lenin-
ist manner"
Ordjonikidze devoted his report
to the question of how this con-
struction proceeded during the four
years between the Sixth and
Seventh Soviet Congresses.
The daily worker., 1935-02-04

country in the world which stimuli
taneously was engaged in building
so many metal plants.
In the last four years, the coun-
try invested 5,3O6, 100000 roubles in
ferrous metallurgy, put into opera
ton in this period "a new blast fur
naces, 80 new Martin ovens, 35 roll
ing machines, including five power
full blooming mills, the like of which
had not been seen in Russia before.
One thousand four hundred and
ninety-three coke ovens were put in
operation, with a capacity of 8,100,-
600 tons, whereas in 1880 the entire
amount of coke burned was 6,000,-
900 tons. During 1884, the output
of iron ore was 21,700,00O tons;
compare this with 10000 tons in
1880 This amount has more than
doubled in four years. The total ca
pacity of all new ore mines opened
in these past four years exceeds
100000 tons.
To-day" said Ordjonikidze, "the
Soviet Union has powerful metal
industry, and good cadres serving it.
In iron production, we occupied the
first place in Europe, having turned
out 10,440000 tons in 1884. This was
an increase in one year of 1882 1000
tons, unknown in the past in any
country of the world.
1--WE produced 9,565,O0O tons, or
1853 per cent more than in 1880, of
steel. Of rolled steel, we produced
7,034,O00 tons, or 146 per cent more
than in 1890.