davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-23

The N. R. A. which greatly in
creased the profits of the employers,
and thus lowered the whole living
STANDARD Of the workers, failed to
quench the growing strike wave OF
the workers. The biggest strikes in
the history of the country took place
under the NJ R. A.
1t was under N. r. A. that the
great general textile strike of half
million workers took place, as well
as the San Francisco general strike
Of over one hundred thousand
workers.
The N. r. A. and its Labor Boards
set up by Roosevelt defeated some of
these strikes, and prevented others.
The steel strike and auto strike
which were prepared by the workers
year ago, were prevented by
Roosevelt and his N. R. A. arbitra-
ton boards, but only with the as
sistance of William Green and the
other national leaders Of the
A. F. Of L.
Other strikes which the N. r. A.
boards could not prevent, were de-
feated By the Roosevelt boards, also
with the aid Of Green and his leu
tenants. In such strikes ss the tex
tile strike, the aluminium strike and
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-23

boards to grant it.
Therefore the workers became
rapidly disillusioned with the rosy
promises Of Roosevelt that N. R. A.
would solve their problems 1t be-
came increasingly difficult for the
government to quell the growing
strike wave, and to ignore the de-
mand of the masses for the passage
of real unemployment insurance
bill-the Workers Bill.
Roosevelt more and more used
open strikebreaking terror, in
creased fascist measures, to stifle
the mounting strike wave. National
guards were called out in many
strikes. Dozens of workers were
killed on picket lines-in Minneapo-
lis, Toledo, Milwaukee, the textile
towns, in San Francisco, in Bir-
mingham, the workers struck in all
basic industries in the face of this
government terror.
Today, in asking for extension of
N,R.A., Roosevelt would "reorganize"
the MIRA. so as to more brazenly
enforce the dictatorship of the en-
ployers and their boards, to more
openly legslize the company unions,
to prepare the wage cutting. union
smashing drive demanded by big
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-23

others, the demands of the workers
were lost because the A. F. of L.
leaders betrayed the strikes to the
compulsory arbitration boards of
Roosevelt, which were set up and
acted in the interests of the en-
ployers.
At first the workers took some
stock in the promises Of Roosevelt
that the N. r. A. would recognize
o7llectlve bargaining, increase pay,
shorten hours, and increase employ
sui soon they saw that the
N. R. A. codes and Labor" boards
were instruments of the employers.
They found that under Roosevelt
company unions have been strength
enea and legalised by these employ
ers' boards All o. the demands of
the workers were blocked by Roose-
welt and his N. R. A.
TIE demand G. LABOR for the
thirty-hour week was denied. Real
wages went down, due to the great
Increase in living costs. Unemploy-
ment increased and now more than
seventeen million are jobless and
millions more on part time. Recog-
milton of the union was won only
when strike or threat Of strike
forced the employers and their labor
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-23

business and now being put through
by Roosevelt.
RooSsvelt's reorganized N. r. A.
means still bigger profits for the
bosses, and still lower living stand
ards and suppression of their rights,
for the workers.
But the workers will not stand for
this suppression OF their unions.
They are striking in increasing
numbers against the decisions of
the N.R.A. and their employers
boards.
Strikes have occurred in re-
cent days among the building
service workers, teamsters and
longshoremen in New York, the
shoe workers of New England, the
cotton garment and textile work
ers, the truck drivers of Chicago,
the coal miners in the captive mines
textile workers in the South. Thou
sands are lr e dy striking in
scattered strikes in many industries.
| Twelve thousand anthracite miners
are now On strike.
In many basic industries, mem
bers Of the A. F. OF l.. unions have
1 already voted in their local union
meetings for the preparation Of inn
mediate strikes. The United Mine
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-23

Dor measures, has made sharp criti-
cism of MIRA. codes, has spoken of
an organization drive in the auto
and steel industry.
But Green has not acted to pre-
pare the coming struggles, Instead,
Green has watched Mike Tighe and
John L. Lewis continue their split
ting red scare" drive against mil
liant workers who are organizing
and strengthening the A. F. of l..
steel and coal unions. Green is hold
ing back the workers from action,
and so far has proposed only little
tinkering with the MIRA. He con-
tinues to laud Roosevelt as a
friend of labor, at the very mo-
ment when Roosevelt is heading the
open shop drive.
The membership in the A. F. of L.
unions are disillusioned with Roose-
welt and MIRA. They are demand
ing strike. They can now see that
the only remedy for starvation, the
only way they can win their de-
mands, is to build their unions, in
spite of Green and Co., into mass
fighting unions, and thus to pre-
pare for the big strike struggles
which lie Just ahead against the
anti-union MIRA.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-23
DarTow NRA Report
Revealed Monopoly
Drive against Labor
Government Survey Showed Hollowness of NRA
Fright to Organize With Company Unions
and Compulsory Arbitration Growing

representative of workers own
choosing was further nullified by
MIRA. interpretations Of Section
7 (a) as not precluding company
unions. Compulsory arbitration un-
der various forms of labor boards, -
the National Labor Board, industrial
relations boards, the Automobile
Labor Board, ETC., have deprived la
Dor of its only effective weapon in
enforcing collective bargaining-the
strike. In Gallup, N M; Imperial
Valley, Calf; Birmingham, Ala,
and Toledo, when workers struck to
enforce collective bargaining their
civil rights as American workers
have been violated by martial law,
sweeping injunctions, arrests and
the most brutal suppression, includ-
ing murder, by employers and gov
eminent forces. No less than a
dozen workers have been killed in
recent strikes of longshoremen,
miners and auto workers.
"Thus the MIRA. clearly reflects
its class character as an attempt of
the capitalist to find a way out
of the crisis by passing the burden
onto the shoulders of the masses of
workers and farmers. The MIRA.
reflects the inability OF the so-called
enlightened capitalism to operate
planned economy to improve
the living standards of the masses
It's development day by day reveals
more clearly marked trend toward
fascism in the United States"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-23

Regarding the effect the codes
had on smashing wages, increasing
speed-up, and fostering company
unions, the Thompson report,
issued TO Roosevelt by Darrow's as
sociate in the investigation of the
MIRA. was as follows:
THE actual result of MIRA. codes
has been merely a continuation of
the stagger system under which
more workers are attached to the
payroll but all are receiving wholly
inadequate earnings. The minimum
wages established under the codes
have tended to become the maxi
mum, thus dragging down the gen.
eral average of all wages. Even
these minimum wages have given
no relief to Negroes or to many
o her categories of lower paid
workers.
Presumably, as guarantee
against such results of industrial
combination, labor was given in
Section (a) of the National In
dustrial Recovery Act the right to
collective bargaining through rep
resentatives Of its own choosing,
Step by step that section has been
vehicle for employers to force
through compulsory arbitration and
company unionism The inclusion
of the notorious merit" clause in
the automobile code, together with
later official interpretations of Sec
ton (a) legalized the open shop,
Collective bargaining through
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-23
U. S. Economic Reports Show
Profits Rose, Woges Dropped
Associated Negro Press and Amsterdam News AT
tempt to Hide Leading Role of |. i. d.

I For a family with a single wage
Garner at average weekly earnings
| prevailing in July, 1888, the cost of
goods purchased rose from June,
1888, to August, 1884, by per cent
and by IL per cent to October, 1884. "
'The real income OF approx
mately the best-psid two thirds of
the male wage earners in the North
was smaller than ii had been in
July, 1888, The upper 10 per cent
had real incomes s per cent smaller
than in July, 1888"
1.-THE real income in August. 1884
of about the upper three fifths Of
the male wage earners in the South
was less than it had been in
July, 1888. The upper 10th had 10
per cent less real income than in
July, 1888"
A similar comparison made be-
tween August, 1888, the month with
the largest average real earnings
after the code, and August, 1884,
showed that "in the North the pur-
chasing power of the average
worker was Is per cent less in
August, 1894, than in August, 1888.
In the South it was at least Is per
cent less"
These results are typical in mine,
coal, steel and auto.
The N. r. A. intensified speed-up
and production per man, thus Civ
ing more profits to the employers
and reducing their costs per COM
modify. This is shown by the fact
that whereas at the end of 1884 en-
ployment was only IS as compared
with 1O3 in 1929, and production
was only go as compared with 127,
the output per worker had jumped
to 142 as compared with 1913 in
1929!
Less wages for more work done
is what the N. R. A. accomplished
for the employers.
Unemployment remained unsolved
by the n R. A. What it did was
to spread work, thus cutting wages,
for about two to three million work
ers, who were given temporary
work.
The A. F. of L. had to report in
it's latest bulletins that almost
100000 still remain without Jobs
or any hope of jobs, after two years
of the N. R. A.
AS result of this misery among
the workers, Wall Street in one
year, 1884, of the N. R. A. increased
its profits 112 per cent, from
$202, 100000 in 1888 to $3.50, 900, 900
last yearl
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-23

working out of the codes even
clearer description; emphasizing all
the time the trend toward fascism
inherent in the NRA-New Deal.
The NRA and the industrial
codes have served further to en-
rich the capitalists by establishing
fixed monopoly prices, speeding up
justification, and squeezing out
the smaller capitalists and indie
pendent producers.
The labor provisions Of the
NRA, which were hailed by the A.
F. of L. and Socialist leaders as
"a new charter for labor, have
turned out in reality to be new
chains for labor The fixing Of
the so-called minimum wage, at
below starvation levels, has turned
out in reality to be big effort to
drive the maximum wage down to
this point
THE so-ca1led guarantee of the
right to organize and collective
bargaining has turned out in real
ity to be the establishment of COM
pany unions.
The last remaining rights Of the
workers they now propose to take
away by establishing compulsory
arbitration under the Wagner Bill,
camouflaged as an attempt to
guarantee workers rights. Roose-
welt has given official governmental
status to the company unions, in
the infamous settlement in the
auto industry. This new step
toward fascism is announced as a
new course to apply to all in
dustries.
"All these domestic policies are
openly recognized as Identical in
their content with the measures of
the professed fascist governments. ="
It was in this way that the Com
munist Party barred the real char
acter of the MIRA in order to show
the workers how to fight its hunger
policy.
No other group in the country
was able to provide American lar
Dor with so sure and true guide.
Today the Communist Party car
ries forward its fight against the
MIRA for the interests of the work
ing class and the whole toiIing pop
ulation.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-23

The discipline and organization
of the Communists, government au-
thorities confessed today, defied the
slightest attempt of infiltrating their
ranks with members of the Secret
Police and agents provocateurs. In
its leadership of the anti-faScist
movement the Communist Party was
admitted to have such broad in
fluence over the masses Of workers
that the Nazi officialdom has begun
to speak of mass revolt as near
realty.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-23

The Communist Party, analyzing
the Wall Street purposes behind the
N. R. A, declared that if not re-
sisted by the workers in militant
strike struggle, the codes would
lower wages, make conditions of
work harder, in order to fatten the
profits of Wall Street.
The economic results of the last
eighteen months have confirmed
the Communist analysis, showing q
tremendous concentration Of capital
in the hands of the Wall Street
monopohes,
The textile code, for example a
typical code, as shown by tie fol-
lowing data from the recent U. S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics report,
made life more miserable for the
textile workers:
Low earnings: "The most obvious
fact developed in subsequent pages
is the low earnings of workers in
the industry, even where there is no
special curtailment and even under
the scale of wage increases provided
for and generally observed under
the code"
Minimum is maximum: "The
feeling is that the code actually
provides for wage of S12 a week
in the South and S12 in the North
is widespread, though erroneous.
Actually these are the maximum
weekly earnings possible to those
working at the prescribed minimum
wages of 30 to 32l2 cents an hour.
In no week since the adoption of
the code has the industry averaged
more than 36.5 hours per person,
though 40 hours are necessary to
attain the minimum weekly earn
ingS.
a.. The code refers to the main
tenance of the amount of differ
enceS existing prior to July IT, 1888,
between the wage rates paid various
classes of employees and then by
/ A41l4AGel JAO44 VI bll1O pm doG htIlllSo bllG
process of raising wages in a man
ner which has destroyed the diff
ferential between the skilled and
unskilled workers"
In August, 1884, "42 per cent Of
the females in Northern cotton tex
tile mills were receiving as much as
Sl3 week. . In the South 81 per
cent of the males were earning as
much as $l2; only II per cent of the
females earned S12."
Real wages cut: 1.-THE gains in
real weekly earnings, which oc-
CURED at first under the codes /.
have been reduced through de-
creeses in the number of hours of
work available and through in
creases in the cost of goods pur-
chased"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-23
.Iin1crOW Drive
Spreads i'm US.

SEATTLE, Wash, Feb. 22.-The
introduction Of a bill by Represen-
tative Dorian E. Todd of King
County forbidding inter-racial mar
riages has evoked a storm of pro-
test from the Negro people and or
CARNATIONS representing Negro and
white workers, liberal and religious
groups here.
NORFOLK, Va, Feb. ga Free
Johnson Committee" was set up at
mass meeting here called to pro-
test railroading to life Imprisonment
of Robert Lee Johnson, Negro work
er.
Johnson was pulled out of his bed
last New Years night and charged
with the killing of Patrolman Ben
jamin H. Butts.
PHILADELPHIA, Feb. %. - The
iim-crow drive against Negroes has
taken a leap to medieval Ghetto
practices here.
A huge gate has been set up at
the entrance of the alley in the
rear Of 423 Fitzwater Street leading
to shacks occupied by Negro ten
ants At six o'clock each evening
the gate is securely locked, forcing
those tenants who are not yet at
streets, and preventing those inside
from going out.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-23
German Communists
Lead Fight on Nazis,
Hitler Official Admits

BERLIN, Feb. 22.-The Commu-
mist Party Of Germany has in the
last two years been conducting such
active propaganda that, in the words
Of Hitler official, even Storm
Troop organizations contain a large
percentage of Communists"
The Washington times., 1935-11-28
Let Us BE Faithful
KippandAnnK KnewAHof
The Answers But Life
Took Command
WHAT HAS HAPPENED
By ALLENE .CoRL1Ss

KipD Studen pldnning TO deV0te year to writing q
move sublets an apartment to be freed from Distraction
especially attractive Wonpen.
Retur1 from the dock tUhere he has his father
sail for geGrs Vacatio he finds strange, and Oery at
tracttve gr in his quarters. She had to Vtstt
the people from Whom Ktpp had leased the ttot.
Her mGnre he learns is An he likes her at and he
finds this annoying because he ants to concentrate on
4Uriting.
On their second meeting they decide to get married After
their honeynnoon the ne.0lyveds return to NeW YOrEAnn
to her dress shop and Kipp to his moVa.
Francne Sayre, Kips big moment of feW months ago,
returns from trip to London When Ann her she
realizes Ohat great forces she must battle from behind
smiling lips and slken voice is the WGy of aOomen at
WGr.
The Washington times., 1935-11-28
NOW READ ON

II know" Ann admitted contrtey But you business
isn't any too good and I've had to let two Of the girls That
that Henriette and have to work overtime"
ann said Kpp slowly why don't you give up the shop?
We could manage way We wouldn't have much money
to spend but at least you wouldn't always be tired
The Washington times., 1935-11-28

'TThese devil-things didn't use to happen when
my eyes were Sound!" Blackboard declared.
There's been jinx on this company ever since
was burned by the gunpowdeE, right out On that
stairway"
The Washington times., 1935-11-28

They talked Of the mysterious sinking Of the
Royal James, the disappearance Of the treasure,
the finding Of part Of the gold and silver In the
cavern adjacent to the fort and the strange death
Of Mason in the pool.
The Washington times., 1935-11-28

'"The jinx, Captain" said De Cana, has been
Pedro. He was q Jonah to me aboard my little
boat, before ever Captain Bonnet here captured
U.s." "But Pedro is gonel" cried Blackboard. do
you think SOP" asked seud, sadly.
The Washington times., 1935-11-28

That night the leaders from the Revenge and
Royal James sat in council in large room in the
"tabby" fort on Blackboard Island. Present was
Blackboard Richards, De Cana, Bonnet, scud,
Jerry, and Tom.
The Washington times., 1935-10-07
Campfire Girls Open
Confab at Bethesda

BETHESDA, Md, Oct. THE
annual conference of Campfire
Girl Guardians of washington and
Montgomery County got underway
here today, with a luncheon at
Old Ironsides Inn, on Georgetown
Rd. The meet will close with a
session at the Battery Park Com
munity House tonight at 8 o'clock.
Miss Eldora De MotS, of New
York city, national field secretary
for Campfire Girls, and Miss
Maria Halsey, of Philadelphia,
Pa, secretary of the National
Junior Needlework Guild, were
speakers at the luncheon meeting
and will talk at the night session.
The Washington times., 1935-10-07
6 New Sheriff Aides
ToCurb Park VdndaIs

SILVER SPRING, Oct. TN an
attempt to curb vandalism and
other violations of Montgomery
county park laws, six members Of
the Maryland National Capital
Park and Planning Commission
will be sworn is as deputy sheriffs,
by Sheriff G. Ellington Bell this
week, Irving C. Root, chief engi-
neer of the park and planning
commission announced here today.
Mr.. Root, who has his head
quarters in the new county office
building here, said that much
damage to parks and park equip
ment had been done during the
past few months.
The Washington times., 1935-10-07
ADVERTIsEMEMT
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Be careful. II functional Kidney or
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4S hours 1t must bring new vitality and
Is guaranteed to make you feel years
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only &c a dose at druggists and the
guarantee protects you.
The Washington times., 1935-10-07
FIRST
TO TELL TALE
OF AD0WA

ROME, Oct. Z U.N.S).-The
first detailed account Of the Ital-
Ian capture Of Aduwa was cabled
to the newspaper Piccolo today
by its correspondent with the in
vading armies, graphically reveal
ing the speed and precision with
which the powerful Italian ma.
chine moved into the historic
Ethiopian city.
This Italian version Of the cap
ture of Aduwa reached Rome
along with reports the Italians
were consolidating their position
and advancing behind the city
to occupy territory 40 miles to
the southeast near Makale. The
84th infantry scaled Mt. Rayo,
taking the village Of Abba Garima,
from which the Ethiopians fled
in disorder, according to reports
from the front.
Mop Up OutpOStS
Describing the Italian final
assault upon Aduwa yesterday,
climaxing a four-day drive, the
Piccolo correspondent said the
Italians met their first real re-
sistance when they mopped up
Ethiopian outposts which had a
total of 1000 men guarding the
narrow valley leading to the city.
The valley soon echoed with
the thunder of big guns and the
rattle Of machine-gunS as bitter
fighting enSued.
Within a few minutes the Ethi-
opians were driven from the val
ley, and % were captured, includ-
ing a chietain, who was taken to
headquarters for questioning.
The chieftain and other pris-
oners expressed aStonishment at
the lightning-like italian ad-
vance, one captive said.
eve were told the Italians
would run away, but instead
they fought like IONS"
The order to attack was given
to the 84th infantry regiment,
which was Immediately followed
by tanks. The attack was soon
completed, and Aduwa, invaded
from two sides, was abandoned
by the enemy.
Show White Flags
The population came out to
meet the Italians, with its lead
ers and priests waving flags.
The town had plenty of evi-
dence of the aerial bombardment
which preceded the actual infan-
try invasion. The royal palace
appeared seriously damaged, and
Many houses wrecked.
The Italian soldiers were jubi-
liant as they stormed Aduwa, thus
avenging a 30-year-old defeat by
the AbysSinians.
Long live the King! Long live
Il Duce!" they cried as they pa
raded through the streets under
the Italian tri-color, which they
soon hoisted in the main square.
A marble column in memory OF
the several thousands Of Italians
who fell in 1896 was erected.
The Washington times., 1935-10-07
L. CHRISTINA BARTLEY
GAS KILLS ONE,
.2REC0VER|NG I

A mother and daughter were
recovering in Casualty Hospital to-
day from the effects Of escaping
gas while a third woman, de-
spondent over ill health, was dead
from breathing the fumes.
Mrs. Bessie BowerSox, 43, and
her daughter, Lois, 26, were re-
vived by fire rescue squad after
being found semiconscious in their
home in the HOO block D st. s. E.
Gas had seeped into their three
room apartment.
Miss BARLEY was employed in
the Department of Commerce. She
was found yesterday in the
kitchen of her home. Two gas
burners had been turned on.
Coroner A. Magruder MacDon-
aid, who issued a certificate Of
suicide, said Miss BARLEY previ-
ously had attempted to take her
life,
The Washington times., 1935-10-07
International Club
Starts Second Year

Representatives of a score of
nationalities last night ushered in
the second year of the Washington
International Club in Friends
Meeting House at 2111 Florida
Ave. N. w. The club members
heard readings of Lithuanian
poetry, Oriental songs and the
Howard University Glee Club.
Filipino and Hawaiian dances
were offered.
DR.. Stanley K. Hornbeck, chief
of the Far Eastern Division of the
State Department. speaking on
Peace" said this could be at
tanned only when every nation was
assured of food supply and lived
without tyranny.