davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker., 1935-02-11
Steel Workers Dyers to A c t
HitBureaucrats For III. r. 1927

PATERSON, N. j., Feb. 10.-At a
meeting of shop chairmen and del
egates, Local 1888, of the American
Federation of Dyers, affiliated with
the United Textile Workers and
with a membership of 12,0C5 has
elected two delegates to go to Wash
ington to speak for the Workers
Unemployment Insurance Bill, H.R.
1927 at the hearings now going on.
Joseph Yanarelli and John Lydig,
the unions organizers, are the two
delegates.
At the same meeting, upon read
ing the communication from the
Friends of the Soviet Union, re-
questing the local to elect one of
its workers to be in the May First
delegation to the Soviet Union, a
decision was made to elect dele
gate. The delegates, when they re-
turn, will report to their respective
organizations on conditions in the
factories, collective farms, and liv-
ing standards of the people in the
Soviet Union.
The daily worker., 1935-02-11

chiseling, and especially women
workers and Negroes received shock
ingly low wages under the code,
MacMahon and German
While the wages were being ham
mered down under the code, ac-
companied by a terrific speed-up,
what did the leaders of the United
Textile Workers do? First they ac-
cepted the code, and Thomas Mac
Mahon helped to formulate it. The
leaders of the United Textile Work
ers Union continued to heap praises
on the N. r. A. while it was lower
ing the workers living standards.
AS late as August, 1884, when the
textile workers were clamoring for
a strike, Francis German, vice-pres-
ident of the U.T.W., declared to the
national convention of the union: II
think we have reason to hope that
it the new Labor Relations Beardl
will be better than any agency Of
its sort which we have had before.
am sure that some satisfac-
tory arrangements can be worked
out with the administration at
Washington"
And Thomas MacMahon, in the
December Textile Worker, declared:
Il have every confidence in the
committee appointed by President
Roosevelt. I believe they will decide
fairly and according to factual evi-
dence presented, either at hearings
held in Washington or in various
localities throughout the country,
under the direction of an impartial
chairman appointed by them. Z.
mo one can sit for five minutes
with our President and retire with
out feeling that in the makeup of
this splendid man, there is beating
underneath his skin a heart that
feels for suffering humanity and a
brain that has within its many cells,
solutions for the difficulties we have
encountered, are encountering, and
will encounter in the future /.
Textile workers must have hope.
God knows you have been patient" !"
Meanwhile, while MacMahon and
German heap praises on the Pres
ident, he is reorganizing the N. r..
A. so as to sharpen the wage cut
drive. Roosevelt signed the wage
cutting code, led the strikebreaking
forces against the general textile
strike, signed the curtailment Of
May, 1884, which cut down the earn
ings of the textile workers Is per
cent, and is now in the midst of
a drive to smash the A. F. of l..
unions and legalize the company
unions.
Ironically, MacMahon closes his
editorial, quoted above with a re-
phrasing without quotation marks
of Karl Marks famous slogan.
MacMahon says, THE workers have,
as I see 1t, nothing to lose but their
chains"
The textile workers are no longer
satisfied with the honeyed words of
the MacMahons and Germans re-
gar in Roosevelt's benevolence.
They are preparing strike action.
The daily worker., 1935-02-11
Writers Quiz
NAACP Chiefs
On Crawford
Demand Explanation on
DesertiOn of Framed
Negro Worker

The of1cialdom of the National
Association for the Advancement of
Colored People IN. A. A. c. p is
asked to explain their desertion of
George Crawford in a letter adj
dressed to the N; A. A. G. P. by six.
teen prominent Negro and white in
tellectuals. The writer's demand
that the N. A. A. G. P. reply to the
charges of Miss Martha Gruening
that Charles Houston, N. A. A. C. p.
attorney, betrayed Crawford
framed Negro worker sentenced to
life in Virginia, in order to protect
Virginia's anti-Negro court system.
Miss Gruening's charges were pub
liShed several weeks ago in the New
Masses, with confirming documents.
In their letter to the N. A. A. c. P,
the intellectuals state that the si-
lence of the organization in the face
of the charges is even more in
credible than the charges them
selves" They also state:
Either DR.. Gruening, who is a
lawyer as we'll as a journalist, has
misstated the facts, or else DR..
Charles Houston, dean of the How
ard University Law School and
chief defense counsel, has mis-
handled the most elementary rights
OF his client.
IF DR.. Gruening is right, then
possibly innocent man is serving a
life sentence for the sake of what
seems to the N. A. A. C. P. an i'm
provement in the interracial rela-
tions of the South.
t"On the other hand, if the N. A.
A. G. P. is innocent of having sacri-
feed the interests of its client to a
mistaken notion of social eXpedi-
eney, it seems to us that it should
clear itself of these charges by an
swering them in detail in public
statement"
The letter was signed by E.
Franklin Frazier, Horace Gregory,
Louis Hacker, Abram L. Harris,
Sheila Hibbon, Suzanne La Fol-
lette, Helen Woodward, Benjamin
Stolberg, Ralphe Bunche, Louis
Adsmic, Charles Angoff, Carleton
Beale, Harry Block, Sterling A.
Brown, John Chamberlain and Em4
met E. Dorsey.
The daily worker., 1935-02-11
Strike
Holds Firm
Continued from Page u

tempt to make the injunction per-
manent.
Hundreds of miners jammed the
court which is heavily guarded by
State Police. Efforts of the COM
pany to recruit unemployed miners
as strike breakers is being COM
batted by the Unemployment Couu-
ellis. which issued thousands of
leaflets throughout the entire ter
ritory appealing to unemployed
miners to fight with striking min
ers.
Action councils are widely hailed
by strikers. Speakers for the IN
employment Councils are speaking
at many local unions, urging the
extension of the strike and mass
pieketing
At meetings at Ashley and Wan
annie locals Steve Nelson. Council
Organizer, was enthusiastically re-
ceived when he spoke for mass
violation of the Injunction.
Terrorism of the State Police is
increasing in all localities. They
are boldly entering homes, beating
miners, slugging them on the
street. The terror is so acute that
the Mayor of Plymouth was COM
PEELED to issue protest demand
ing the withdrawal of the troops
when pressed by delegations from
the Unemployment Council and
Lance Local.
Rank and file leaders are press
ing for mass picketing despite the
Injunction and are urging the or
ganization of flying squads and
mobilization against police terror.
A Women's Auxiliary mass meet
ing was held today. The Commu-
mist Party issued a statement today
in thousands of copies pointing out
the tasks before miners and COM
demning the lack of proper lead
ership on the part of the district
leaders to smash the injunction
and win the strike. The statement
urged militant mass picketing, fly
ing squads, violation of the iniunc-
ton and unity of the unemployed
with the employed The statement
also appealed to the U. M. w. A.
rank and file to refuse to be used
as strike breakers, to fight for
unity of the miners of both unions
over heads of the misleaders and
to organize joint struggle for the
betterment of conditions of the
miners.
The daily worker., 1935-02-11
Continued from Page y


readers and build up newspaper cir,
culstion.
During the race, the Chicago
American whipped up the inter
est of its readers to a high pitch
Of enthusiasm and gained hosts
of new followers. With the race
over, and the Chicago boy the vic
tor, as originally planned, Hearst's
newspaper INCREASED ITS AD-
VERTISING RATES. Hearst
achieved more popularity and
more wealth by having tricked his
readers and the nations pOpula-
tion in a cheap and cowardIy
manner.
AS a rabid spokesman for Amer
lean imperialism, Hearst is ever or
the move to stir up race hatred anc
antagonisms. Just as today Hearst
is trying to split the workers rank,
in the fight against hunger, fascisn
and imperialist war, so he tried tc
arouse race feeling many years age
in one Of his election campaigns.
Seeking seat in Congress
Hearst was bent on getting out for
himself the labor" vote. He di-
rected his appeal to the workers OF
America-the same workers he to-
day violently ISLANDERS and abuses
To gain the support of the '1owly
proletariat," so that he could be
their servant, Hearst attempted to
stir the white workers against the
Chinese people. His newspapers
shrieked with headlines about the
yellow Peril"
He carried scurrilous statements
to the effect that the Chinese
people we're out to conquer Amer
lea and annihilate the white pop
ulation. The Chinese workers
The daily worker., 1935-02-11

strategy committee prepare stop
page.
Frank Schweitzer, replying to the
Representatives of the rank and
file, launched a TRADE against the
workers in the industry who he said
are impatient The N.R.A. he
said has improved conditions for
the workers. At this point a chorus
of boos greeted him and it was only
with great difficulty that quiet was
restored.
Proceeding, SchTeitzer stated,
that if the workers want strike,
money is the first prerequisite. PAY
your dues regularly and have pa
tience" was his advice. He an
nounced that a $4,000 organizing
campaign has been launched and
that four prizes will be offered to
the best collectors trip to Ber-
muda, to Florida, Studebaker and
an electric refrigerator.
Wide interest is displayed in the
coming elections for organizers and
general manager of the local. The
Rank and File candidate for general
manager, Is Sarkis Phillian
The daily worker., 1935-02-11
Dutch Police Attack Workers

AMSTERDAM. Holland Feb. 10.
(UP9-Several Communists were
injured today when mounted police
charged hundreds of persons
gathered at the Central Station to
welcome the first sailor released
after the mutiny on the cruiser die
Zeven Proyineien" in 1888.
The daily worker., 1935-02-11

works hand in glove with the
treacherous Negro misleaders-the
DR.. George Hayneses, the Reverend
A. G. Gamers, L. H. Kings, Rich
ard Boldens, ct al.-who have their
own interests to serve. Their in
terests are to prolong the miser-
able oppression of the Negro masses
under the capitalist system, so that
they too along with their white
ruling class masters can continue
to exploit them. Kid Davis intends
to build the circulation of his lying
sheet, at the expense of the lives OF
the nine innocent Scottsboro boys
The experience of Attorney Pol
lax in successfully arguing the first
Scottsboro appeals, attests his un
questionably brilliant selection by
the I. L. D. and recommends him tc
the attorneys for Norris in the
present appeals. There should be
the closest cooperation of all at
torneys in both cases, thus insurine
the best defense for both Norris
and Patterson.
1t remains for the Negro masses
and white workers, all friends o.
the Scottsboro boys and Angelo
Herndon and all synpathizers art
fighters for Negro liberation tc
unite in joint activities for thf
Scottsboro defense.
Funds Urged
kilograms, protest resolutions
letters, must flood the United State
Supreme Court demanding the free
dom of the Scottsboro boys ant
Angelo Hcrndon. Protest post card
are available by the thousand a
the offices of the I. L. D., all owe
the country. Funds must be rushel
to the national office of the I. l.. D
Fgo $40, so E. 18th Street, Neyf
Ys'k City.
Scottsboro : Herndon conference
must be set up all over the country
drawing together and welding a.
forces fighting for the lives an
freedom of the Scottsboro boys an
Angelo Herndon, and for the com
plete liberation Of the Negro peopl
The daily worker., 1935-02-11

This includes wages Of foremen
and skilled workers.
Large categories of wage earners
had smaller resi- income in Au-
gust, 1884, than in July. 1888" the
report admits. For a family with
a single wage Garner at average
weekly earnings prevailing in July
1888, the cost of goods purchased
rose from June, 1888, to August
1884 by 9 per cent and by IL per
cent to October. 1884"
Furthermore, I'm the North the
purchasing power of the average
worker was Is per cent less in Au-
gust. 1884. than in August. 1888. In
the South it was at least 25 per cent
less"
Summing up the real wages OF
the cotton textile workers. the
Roosevelt government report de-
elares: a.
THE average weekly money earn
ings of males and females in the
North declined about eight per cent
Their real income declined about
ID per cent. The average weekly
money earnings for males and fe-
males in the South decreased about
18 per cent. Their purchasing power
diminished by about IS per cent
Real earnings of almost every
worker was less in August, 1894
than in August, 1888. In the North
the average real earnings declined
10 per cent, in the South Is pei
cent"
When the code was first effected
in July, 1893, it was ballyhooed as
giving a minimum wage of S1S for
the North and $l2 for the South
This minimum wage was low
enough, but the workers were de-
liberately fooled. They soon found
out what this minimum meant. The
code stated "at the rate" and the
hourly minimum wages were com
puted on the basis of a 40-hour
week. Every week of work less thar
40 hours, brought wages below the
minimum. And the hours worked
under the code have averaged 36.
In addition, the report admits
that the minimum wage has tended
to become the maximum, that the
skilled wage rates went down. Un-
der the code, exemptions of learn
ers, laborers, cleaners, ETC., from the
! minimum rates, gave chances fol
The daily worker., 1935-02-11
Talk on Fascism

CHICAGO, Ill, Feb. 1O.-Dr. Harry
F. Ward, of Union Theological Sem
mary, will speak on THE Drive
Toward F ascism in the United
States" at the X. A. M. Temple,
4959 Drexel Place here, Tuesday
evening, Feb. IL. The meeting is
jointly sponsored by the Christian
Social Action Movement and the
American League Against War and
Fascism. DR.. Ward is president of
the League.
The daily worker., 1935-02-11
Socialist Party Leader
Issues o. Drastic Order
Against United Front

CHICAGO Ill., Feb. 1O-A drastic order forbidding any
attempts to form united front with any Communists or
Communist groups has been sent to all Southern state and
local offices of the Socialist Party by Clarence Senior
tona executive secretary addition Senior has enclosed
The daily worker., 1935-02-11
Cotton Textile Code Slashes Wages,
Increases Speed-up for 100000
Companies Admit Rise
in Profits Under
the N.R.A.
By Carl Reeve

What has the N.R.A. done for the
one million textile workers Of the
country?
The cotton textile code was the
first code signed by Roosevelt. IN
der this code, Roosevelt and Gen
eral johnson promised the textile
workers, notoriously low paid. higher
wages, shorter hours, and restrie-
tion of the speed-up system.
The promises Of this model" code
were kept, as far as the interests
Of the employers were concerned.
The profits Of the textile manufac-
turers went up under the N. R. A.
The report of the Federal Trade
Commission on Dec. 81, 1894, re-
vealed that 765 textile companies,
for the 20 months from Jan. /, 1898.
to August 81, 1894, made a total
net profit Of sos 5,272,4l2. according
to their own figures; 3S8 cmopanies
out of $500 questioned by the com
mission, refused to answer as to
their profits
Strike Follows
But for the million textile work
ers. the N.R.A. had different results.
Wages became so low the speed-up
so unbearable, that on Sept. /, 1884
over half a million textile workers
went out on strike.
The wages of the textile workers
under N. r. A. have not only not
increased. but they have gone down
in this period. This was admitted
in the report Of the United States
Bureau Of Labor Statistics, ap-
pointed by Roosevelt to report on
the causes Of the general textile
strike. This report, based primarily
on the payroll reports of the en-
)loyers themselves. shows big de-
cline in avergae weekly wages I'M
der the code.
Average Weekly Earnings
The report declares: I'm August
1884 weekly earnings in the Nortr
were nine per cent less than in Au.
gust, 1898, and were IS per cen
less in the South"
The following table shows the de,
cline in average weekly wages il
dollars received. When to this i
added the greatly increased cost o
living, the sharp decline IN res
wages can be understood.
Average Weekly Earnings
The daily worker., 1935-02-11
Silk Workers
Plan Strike

Continued from Page y
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-09-26
Greatest World Fair.

The plan, announced yesterday. for
"the greatest world fair in history" to
be held in New York in 1889 and 1910,
naturally is Of, interest to the people
of Washington. Obviously, success will
depend upon the cooperation of the
Federal Government and the population
of the entire country. The metropolis
itself, however enthusiastic for it, could
not finance manage nor operate the
enterprise alone. And that fact should
be understood from the beginning.
Nothing purely local is represented in
the event to be commemorated. The
purpose of the project is to celebrate
the 150th anniversary of the ceremonial
beginning of national history-the in.
auguration of George Washington as
first President of the United States,
April 80, 1889. That incident, it is true.
occurred in Manhattan. but the principal
actors in it were natives of other places,
and their attitude toward New York was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-09-26

business the Government is violating the
spirit if not the letter of the law which
was recently enacted by Congress setting
UP commission to supervise and regu-
late the promotion of financial offerings
to the public investors Analysis OF the
Treasury's advertisement, 1t Is claimed,
reveals the use of high-pressure sales
manship which is denied to the private
promoters.
In the Treasury's advertisement occurs
the phrase "In ten years your invest
ment earns 33ls per cent" which some
consider as bordering upon the field OF
the false and misleading. In other
respects the Treasury's proclamation OF
the virtues of the baby bonds is such,
it is asserted, as would not be permitted
by the Securities Exchange Commission,
which is empowered by the new law to
deny publicity of any private investment
offering that in the least degree departs
from the strictest truth.
This may all be tempest in teapot.
The bonds themselves are OF the baby"
variety and they are such little ones"
that maybe any transgressions are to
be condoned, if noted at all. And then,
too, it may be that the Federal admins
tration has, in the course Of New Deal
dispensation and development, come to
regard itself as immune to the statutes,
even as it has sought to disregard the
Constitution in respect to certain prin-
ciples of Government. The baby bonds,
meanwhile, are being rather widely ad-
vertised by this very discussion Of the
propriety Of their exploitation, and
maybe they will go over without any
further crowding of the legal proprietieS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-09-26
Baby Bonds and the Law.

Has the United States Government
violated its own laws in the matter of
the improper exploitation of its securi-
ties, offered for sale? That question has
arisen to bother the administration, as
If there were not enough worries and
concerns in connection with the business
of remodeling the Federal system. The
Securities involved are the new savings
bonds" popularity known as baby
bonds" ranging In denomination from
S25 to $1,000 and paying % per cent
INTEREST," compounded semi
The offering did not go very well when
placed on the market. For some reason
or other there was no rush on the part
of the small investors to buy. Whether
the interest rate was not attractive or
there was some lurking doubt about the
eventual soundness of the investment is
not known. 1t may have been that
there was no free money in the pockets
or the bank accounts of the potential
baby bond holders with which to acquire
these securities.
At any rate, with the offering going
somewhat "sour," as the phrase runs,
resort was had to direct appeal, through
the medium of the advertising pages.
An attractive proclamation of the merits
of these bonds from the viewpoint of the
small investor and the thrifty was pre-
pared and published. Now comes the
criticism that in thus appealing for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-09-26

The relative brain weight of the human
was not double, but quadruple, that OF
the great apes. This was true especially
when only the "psychencephalon" was
considered. This is a word coined by
Prof. Dubois to describe the mind" part
of the brain, as distinguished from those
brain structures devoted to the mechan-
ical behavior of the organism, such as the
cerebellum. controlling balance, and the
medulla with centers for such functions
as breathing, etc. In respect to these
man does not represent any particular
advance over the lower animals.
The human "psychencephalon," how
ever represents perhaps the most strik-
ing evolutionary departure which ever
took place. This mind part of the brain
including the cerebral hemiSpheres,
the basal ganglia and partS.of the thala-
mus-is the outstanding character that
distinguishes the genus homo from the
rest of the animal kingdom. Otherwise
man might be considered an inferior
sort of great ape.
Under Prof. Dubois hypothesis the
link-so far as brain development is con-
cerned-between one race of animals and
another is the race whose brain weight
between the two. Thus, for example,
the hares, large bats, etc, might be con-
sidered the link between the shrews on
the one hand and the cats and dogs on
the other In this sense there was truly
a missing link" between man and the
great apes. 1t was the only missing link
in the whole mammal brain chain. Did
emerging mind suddenly violate the law
it seemed to have set for itself and take
a double jump?
1t seemed so until Prof Dubois exam
ined the new Pithecanthropus bones dis
covered in 1882 and, on the basis of the
new evidence obtained from them, came
to the conclusion that they were remains
of gigantic, big-brained gibbon instead
of very primitive human being.
Now, in the gibbon family the weight
of the body bears a relatively fixed pro-
portion to the length of the thigh bone.
Proceeding on the same formula, 1t was
possible to calculate the probable body
weight of the Java man. Then Prof.
Dubois fitted this body weight into his
pSychencephalon formula to determine
the relative index of the creatures brain.
1t came out approximately one-half
that of man and one-fourth that of the
anthropoids.
Hence, if the hypothesis is accepted,
the Java manor, rather, the Java glib
bon-must have been the missing link
between the anthropoids and the humans