davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1935-01-13
COAL SHOWDOWN
ASKED BY LABOR
Government May Referee in
Struggle to Unionize
Harlan County.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
LEXINGTON, KY, January IA
Organized labor is driving toward q
showdown this year in the long, bitter
struggle to unionize the Eastern Ken
lucky coal fields.
The Federal Government may act as
referee. Representative A. J. May,
Democrat, Of Kentucky, has an
nounced he would ask congressional
investigation of charges that the right
of free speech: has been denied union
organizers who attempted to work
among the rainers. The N. r. A. has
called q hessing in Pineville tomorrow
to sift complaints that mine opera
tors have violated labor provisions In
their CODE.
Point Tauard Harlan County.
The union ,,irive is pointed toward
Harlan Couaty. Three organizers for
the United Mine Workers Of America
recently focused attention upon the
mining city :of Harlan by reporting to
authorities that armed deputies kept
them from leaving their hotel rooms.
Gov. Ruby I.afoon ordered . company
of National Guardsmen on duty, but
the organizers decided to leave the
county, as the deputies advised.
Aroused Nise Workers Of America
leaders assembled q meeting Of union
sympathizers Ia Lexington and pledged
q fund of $2G000 to finance o court
fight to establish the unions right to
carry on oreAlization work.
Union spokesmen boldly said that II
their rights" continued to be denied,
they could not assume responsibility
for whatever violence might ensue.
Evening star., 1935-01-13
VIRGINIA HOUSE
FACESPROBLEMS
Combination of New Speak
er and New Clerk Is Seen
for 1886 Session.
BY HEYWOOD BELL,
Associated Press Stan Writer.

RICHMOND, Va. January l2.-The
combination of q new speaker of the
Virginia House of Delegates and a
new clerk is a 1886 General Assembly
session probability, but the possibility
that j. Sinclair Brown will be per-
suaded to break q 100-year-old custom
and serve more than three consecu-
tive terms has been suggested by some
of his friends.
This matter is engaging the interest
Of followers of the Virginia Legisla-
ture as Legislatures of most States
are getting into full swing in their
more common uneven-year sessions.
OF comparable interest in Virginia
political circles is the fact that q
half dozen outstanding members of
the Assembly will be lost to the Vir-
ginia House and Senate in the session
q year hence
These matters are being discussed
more freely this week with the holiday
season over and the politically-mind-
ed looking toward the forthcoming
August primary, when the Democratic
party will nominate its candidates for
both the House and Senate.
The recent resignation of Wilbur C..
Hall from the House to become chair
man of the reorganized Conservation
and Development Commission-the
work of the 1884 session-has precipi-
tated a renewal of the speakership
discussion which started when Col.
Brown of Salem announced a year
ago that he would not be candidate
for reelection to the chair, and was
revived after the recent death Of Col
John w. Williams, veteran clerk Of
the House.
Col. Brown has a long record as a
member of the House and is recog-
niZed as q leader in the General As
sembly. He now Is rounding out his
third term as speaker, and speaker
of the Virginia House has not served
more than three consecutive terms in
100 years. Although he has an
nounced he would not be a candidate
Tor the speakership again, some of
his friends have expressed the hope
that he would return to the Office so
there would not be a new speaker and
new clerk at the same time. Pre-
viously, he was elected speaker with
out opposition. Until the present,
however, he has not made up his
mind as to whether he will seek re-
election to the House.
Evening star., 1935-01-13
NEW WHEAT PLANT
is RUST RESISTANT
1000 Bushels of Seed Grain
Distributed Over State.
Bread Quality High.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
MINNEAPOLIS, January 12.-Rust-
resistant wheau-the aim of a quarter
century of painstaking work and ex-
periment-finally has been perfected
by two University Of Minnesota
specialists working in cooperation
wiGh the Government.
They are DR.. H. K. Hayes and DR..
E. O. Stakman and have named their
new hybrid grain Thatcher wheat.
Two thousand bushels of it were dis
tributed in Minnesota this year.
Not only Is Thatcher wheat rust
resistant, but its bread quality, says
DR.. Hayes, is believed to be the equal
of Marquis wheat, desirable bread
wheat.
Yield Much Greater.
Dr.. Hayes believes Thatcher wheat
would be equally rust resistant in
other States. The new hybrid, he
says, yields 10 to 20 per cent more
than other wheats grown in the Red
River Valley, once the worlds bread
basket.
Plant heredity, selection and elm
nation supplied the key to produc-
ton of this new hybrid grain, which
was the result of double cross"
Plant breeders first crossed Mar
quis with Iumillo durum, undesirable
for bread purposes, but very resistant
to stem rust. It was several genera
tions before few plants were OBJ
tanned that were Of the common bread
variety and with resistance in the
adult stage to stem rust.
Many Varieties Of Rust.
1.-THE breeding Of new crop plant
says DR.. Hayes, lis not result OF
chance or special intuitive sense OF
some wizard plant breeder, but Is
accomplished through cooperative
effort based on fundamental knowl-
edge of the laws of heredity, the ma
ture of the plant, the nature of the
disease organism and many other
points"
"The work of DR.. Stakman and his
co-workers In plant pathology also
revealed there are many different
forms Of black stem rust. Science so
far has isolated more than 100 such
forms of the disease.
Evening star., 1935-01-13
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
)HIcAGo. January l2.-The
year 1885 is being ushered
into Chicago with a rata
~ tat-tat along the south shore
lake front that will echo far
into the Spring and-possibly-Sum-
mer season.
1t is the ring Of carpenterers' ham,
mers on steel and wood and was first
heard in that vicinity Just two years
ago this Winter-but the cause now
is vastly different.
Then they were building the World
the elements so that 1t might open
on schedule. Now they are tearing
it down-hurrying to comply with
the contract that provides for the
return of the land in its original
state to the city within prescribed
time limits.
Displays Being Removed.
Since the fair closed three months
ago the grounds have been the scene
Of much activity as exhibitors d.
rected the packing and removal Of
their diSplays-some worth many
thousands of dollars.
Now that the preliminary work has
been done, the actual task of razing
the buildings has been begun in real
earnest, and it is more of a task
than would seem at first glance.
Already two of the most imposing
structures, the General Motors and
Chrysler Buildings, have been re-
duced to mere scaffolding. A number
of the smaller structures have been
removed entirely and workmen swarm
the grounds as they did In 1888.
Work on removing buildings Of the
fair itself, such as the vast Hall
of Science, the Travel and Trans
portation Building and the towering
Sky Ride, has not been started yet.
but will get under way in the next
few weeks.
Buildings Designated.
Part of the delay was caused by
the indeciSion Of the Chicago Park
Evening star., 1935-01-13
Demolition of Fair Buildings
Due for Completion by Summer
Structures Being Torn Do,on Hurriedly
to Comply With Contract With
Chicago Park Department.

Board, which only recently desig-
mated the structures it wanted saved.
They include the Administration
Building, the reproduction Of Fort
Dearborn, the De Sible Cabin, the
Lagoon Theater, the two bridges to
the island and several smaller units.
That the task Of tearing down q
world fair Is no small one Is evi-
denced by the $4,000 tons Of struc-
tural steel and cable In the buildings
and the sky ride: the 100000
board feet Of lumber. more than
5,000,0 feet of electric wire and
other odds and ends.
That represents the above-ground
equipment. There still remains a vast
underground program Of work, as the
fair agreed to remove all under-sur-
face construction, such as piling. It
is estimated there are approximately
$4,000 piles under the buildings.
Directing the whole program OF
demolition, just as he did the erec-
ton of the fair two years ago, Is
Rufus c. Dawes, its president, and
his right-hand man, Mai. Lenox r.
Lohr, general manager Of the expo
sition.
Buildings Go Before Spring.
Dawes is seeing to it personally
that the contract of the fair corpora
ton with the park district Is carried
out to the letter.
He says that before Spring the nu-
merous foreign villages that attracted
millions of visitors during the two
years Of the fair will have gone the
way of the exposition buildings-to
the scrap heap.
"The local agitation to open the
fair again in 1885," says Dawes, was
admirable, but hardly practical, in
view of the financial backing needed
for such q venture"
Dawes says it might have been
possible to operate some features of
the fair as an amusement park this
year, but, on the whole, he believes
it served its purpose during It's two
year run and Is far better definitely
over,
Evening star., 1935-01-13
GIRL TRUCK DRIVER
SUPPORTS FATHER
Declared Best Worker by
Foreman of Highway
Construction Gang.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
MONTGOMERY CITY, Mo-, jan
uary ITO workers on q State high
way construction crew near Mont
gomery City, Miss Alma Zimmerman
is "just one of the boys" but to the
contractor foreman she's Q top hand
among his truck drivers.
When Alma, "a years old, found 1t
necessary to leave the farm and seek
employment to pay OF her fathers
doctor bills, she decided to get real
job. So she bought hydraulic dump
truck.
Now she's plotting 1t, laden with
five tons Of concrete, across ruts and
through muck, dumping 1t and turn
ing back to take her place ct the
loading station.
Wears Overalls.
On the Job she wears blue-striped
overalls, heavy shoes and truckster's
cap with the beak turned up OF her
forehead. Her face and arms are
tanned from the sun and her small
hands are covered with callouses.
II guess I look like Q curiosity" /"
she said, 'but the people around here
are used to me-"
Almas father, disabled for more
than . year, incurred bills that made
Alma decide to try her hand first at
hauling gravel, then as q C. w. A.
worker and finally hauling concrete
for the highway department. Before
that she had driven mules behind
the plow and run Q tractor In . vain
effort to make ends meet On the farm.
Evening star., 1935-01-13
EXPERT PREDICTS
TOWNSEND PLAN
WOULD SLICE PAY
Workers Would Receive SO
Pct. Reduction, Iowa
Actuary Says.
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
DES MONIES, Iowa, January !;
NA.NA).-The Townsend old-age
pension plan, cherished by many as
cure-all for much of the Nations
poverty, lust won't work." in the
statistical opinion of Isidore P. Mantz
Des Moines consulting actuary.
If the Townsend plan were law
in the United States the results,
Mantz said, would be:
Your salary would be sliced in two
Whereas the average individual in
come of an American wage Garner
had been $86 month, it would be $43
The spending of 5000 a month
given each person over 60 under the
Townsend plan, might eventually
raise your salary, but the prices OF
the things you buy would 60 up just
as fast.
Cost S25,o0o, ,oo0, 900.
Mantz asserted the Townsend plan
would cost $25.000, 100000 the first
year. His figures showed there would
be 10,400,0 900 persons over 60 in 1895
and, at rate of 5000 a month for
each, the total would soar to IS bill
lions.
Where is the $25, 900, ,0OO, 900 COM
ing from?" Mantz asked. 1.-THE ma
tional income fuctuates between
$50 ,000, ,000, 900, which 1t reached ir
1929, and 5000, 600, 900. as it was ir
1898.
Assume, then, that the national
income in 1885 will be 50 billion
The Townsend plan would exact Just
one-half of that income"
The advocates of the Townsend
plan propose q 10 per cent sales tax
to raise the required money. Ac-
cording to MantZ, such a tax would
raise only one-f1fth of the amount
needed, even under the assumption all
the national income Is spent.
Sees Large Deficit.
Mantz conceded that the national
income might be augmented by the
spending of the IS billions given to
the pensioners, but, he argued, there
would still be large deficit.
Then, he said, one of two things
would have to be done. Either so
per cent tax would have to be levied
against all wage earners or the ma
tional income would have to be in
creased artiflcially to five times its
present volume. In each case, he
held, a persons salary would be
actually, or in effect, cut in two and
at the same time the pensioners would
be cut to 500 a month.
"The only way to increase the ma
tional income sufficiently would be to
multiply present prices by five," Mantz
said, "and, even If this were possible,
it would, in terms Of present pur-
chasing power, decrease the pensions
from 5000 to $40 q month.
Would Hurt Workers.
mo matter how you figure it, the
34,000,000 wage earners Of the Ma
ton in some way would have to sac
riflce half their income to support
the Townsend pensioners.
Just like so many Of these wild
theories of perpetual motion, it sim
ply won't work. The only workable
pension, in my opinion, is one which
receives contributions from those who
are to be the beneficiaries. Any other
system encourages pauperism."
Mr.. Mantz has been active in in
surance work for 40 years. He is
the author Of a number Of books on
life insurance.
Evening star., 1935-01-13
CALIFORNIALAWMAKERS
FAVOR SOCIAL SECURITY
Pension Legislation and Heavy Increases in Taxes
Believed Inevitable as Legislators Open
Fifty.frst Session.
BY the Associated Press.


ACRAMENTO January 2-Strong sentiment social
aon and conviction that considerable
ton inevitable prevails among many California Senators
and Assemblymen who Monday opened the session
of the Legislature.
striking unanmiy of opinion pensions
unemployment insurance the 30hour week. State system of
public works the continued abolition of deficiency judgments
trust deeds mortgages and property liens has been expressed
by twocore lawmakers survey of the States newly elected
and hold-over Senators and ASsemblymen.
Evening star., 1935-01-13
OKLAHOMA NEW DEAL
PLANNED BY MARYLAND
Complete Reconstruction of Systems of Taxation
and Government With Care and Housing
of Needy Is Aim.

DoNcA CITY, Okla, January y CNANA)-In his mansion
= gray that cost 50 0O0 W. Marland Governor
elect is preparing the way to bring the New Deal to
Oklahoma"
ers" at work planning with Mr. Marand what he calls
birth Oklahoma complete reconstruction
of taxation and and OF and housing
Of the poor and the unemployed.
Plans call for using the natural of the State
in factories vast system of public works that will give
subsistence homesteads the families
Evening star., 1935-04-06

outside. 1t does not matter much, If
any, that the gun was q real one and
not a fake. Dillinger got away, led
the officers of the law long chase,
caused several deaths in the course
Of the pursuit and was finally trapped
and slain in Chicago. There was care
lessness at the Jail, possibly corrup-
ton, whatever the actual means of
escape.
Since Dillinger's escape much head
way has been made against the pub
lie enemies who a year ago defied
the laws, kidnapped for ransom, held
up banks, slew right and left, de-
moralized police organizations and
wellnigh destroyed public faith in
the efficacy Of the safeguards against
crime. Practically all Of the bands
Of looters, man stealers and wanton
slayers have been dispersed, many
Of their members have been killed
in pursuit, some Of them are in
prison, some have been executed IN
penalty of their crimes. The public
psychology regarding the strength of
the safeguards against crime has been
changed and confidence prevails,
whereas only a few months ago there
was doubt and almost despair.
Dillinger's wooden pistol" though
now proved to have been in fact
genuine deadly weapon, may well
remain in the public mind as
token of the turn in the tide. The
present task is to carry on the work
of enforcement Of the laws, without
abatement, without mercy for the
criminals or for their accessories,
corrupt officials and unethical legal
counsel.
Evening star., 1935-04-06
Dillinger's "Wooden Gun"

When the late John Dillinger made
his escape from Jail at Crown Point,
Ind, q little more than year ago, it
was stated that he had bluffed the
guard with a fake pistol fashioned
from a stick Of wood. 1t was quite
evident that he had been assisted in
some manner in getting the material
and the knife. There was much dis
cussion Of the laxity in prison super
vision and the woman sheriff who was
responsible for the manner in which
this dangerous public enemy" was
guarded was later disciplined.
Now it is reported that investiga-
ton proves that Dillinger actually
broke jail with the aid Of q genuine
deadly weapon, an automatic pistol,
which had been smusgled to him from
Evening star., 1935-04-06

the mother country-he was the cap
tain OF an army Of rebels unknown to
fame who, having postulated their in
dependence and supported its theory
in battle, then chose him to protect
their victory by the erection Of a Fed
eral Union based on constitutional
rights.
OF course. the thinker is conscious
Of the genius OF such eminent indi-
viduals and does not underestimate the
significance of their power to guide the
populace. He remembers Napoleon
and is abundantly aware Of the dis
turbances he initiated. But he also
realizes that even Bonaparte must
have following, and it is the mind
OF the throng which, when the drama
is analyzed, is found to be the con-
trolling factor nine times out of ten.
Fear Of the mob" however, Is
natural reaction of many timorous
souls who frankly but needlessly are
worried by untrammeled democracy.
Their panic is prompted, as Mr.. Oliver
said, by the spectacle Of the whole
fortunes Of the human race" being
committed to a multitude of voters
who have had little or no opportunity
of acquainting themselves with the
great controversies of the past, out Of
which those fortunes have emerged"
But more exact knowledge of the
great controversies" would be excel
lent medicine for their anxieties.
There is nothing vastly new in cur
rent turmoils, and those who distrust
the people-the aggregate Of average
persons-might do worse than re-
examine the stories of such danger
GUS men" as Savonarola and his secu-
lar prototype, Rienzi. They stirred up
the people with vengeance, but vainly;
and contemporary agitators can do
neither more nor less.
Evening star., 1935-04-06
Relaxation Of Crop Control
Renews Debate Over Policy

War and the present period OF re-
covery agriculture's share of the ma
tional income has steadily declined
in the last rs years. In 1909 farm
ers obtained, according to the Depart
ment of Agriculture, almost 19 per
cent Of the total income realized from
the production of goods and from
services, omitting business savings.
BY the outbreak of the World War
the figure had fallen to Is per cent.
In 1918 and 1919 it rose to 20l2 per
cent. but fell to about l212 per cent
in 1921. 1t remained around that
level for several years, then fell to II
per cent in 1926 and 1927 and to lo12
per cent in 1928 and 1929. In other
words. while practically all other
classes were prosperous, farmers were
not holding their own. Many econo-
mists see in this failure of one-fourth
the population to prosper a central
cause Of the depression and Of failure
to rebound quickly from it,"
Referring to statements that de-
Capitalization Of crop control is under
consideration, with administration
in the hands of State experiment sta
tions and extension bureaus" the
Birmingham (Ala0 Age-Herald holds
that IAN effective crop control would
have to depend upon final centrai-
zation of authority" The Los Angeles
Times, however, argues, from court
decisions, that the A. A. A. is barred
from intrastate business.
On the payment Of bonus, under
the new order, to farmers who raise
q full crop of wheat, the New York
Sun observes that they are to eat
their cake and have it, too," while the
Chicago Daily News remarks that
"they will assess the cost on the peo-
pies bread" The Akron Beacon
Journal concludes: with dust storms
riding the Western States in portent
that another drought is at hand
even before planting takes place, Con-
gress should return to the farmers
their ancient and undisturbed func-
ton of providing the Nation with its
food supply"
'All Americans" thinks the st.
Joseph (Mo) News-PreSs, welcome
a relaxation Of arbitrary control Of
food production. Some degree Of con-
troll Is doubtless essential, in agricul-
ture as in industry, under our price
SYSTEM to prevent such overproduc-
tion as will choke the markets and
drive prices below production cost.
But no American can find much sat-
isfaction in preventing or destroying
any kind of commodities while so
many people need them. We shall
have to find some way to get rid Of
too abundant production by more
abundant consumption"
Evening star., 1935-04-06
The Average Person.

When the late F. s. Oliver first
published his Seven Ages: A Nara
tive Of the Human Mind" he prefaced
his book with the proposition that
civilization is now in the hands of
the average person" And the dogma,
so asserted, passed unchallenged. No
critic presumed even to suggest that
civilization always has been, and al
ways will be, the possession and the
responsibility of the people. Yet the
facts are plain and clear. Humanity.
in sober truth, has charge of its own
destiny.
Were it otherwise, it would be diff
cult to explain the processes of social
evolution whereby institutions arise,
flourish or fade; states are organized.
prosper or decline, and races appear,
wax numerous and strong or gradually
die out. The annals of mankind, his
torians agree, reflect consistent proc
esses of change under the influence of
what psychologists have called "the
mass mind"
But the main current runs deep, and
the casual reader, viewing the stream
thoughtlessly, may be deceived by the
frothy wavelets which irritate only the
surface. For the philosopher, how
ever, the science rather than the ro-
nance of human life has attraction.
He perceives, as the fictioniSt probably
does not, that emperors and kings,
princes and premiers are symbols Of
movements rather than causative
forces. Cromwell, for example, did not
create parliamentary revolution nor
invent the Commonwealth-he was
the leader Of thousands of average
persons dedicated to a social ideal, q
national concept Of reform. Washing
ton, again. did not sponsor the sepa-
ration of the American Colonies from