davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18
West Polls 1921
Votes To Win Lib airy
Board Nomination
VOTE ELIMINATES
LIBRARY MEMBER
RECEIVES LARGEST VOTE
EVER CAST FOR NEGRO
IN STATE ELECTIONS

The city primary election cost one
incumbent his seat on the library
board. The loser was John Junell
who polIed 25,438 votes.
Those selected to enter the final
election June 10 were Myrtle Har-
ris, with 1883 votes; Leila Witchie
Harding, with 4O,054 votes; Dam
lei L. West, whose vote of 35,237
landed him third place on the tick
ct, and Daniel F. Bull, incumbent,
and vice president of the Cream Of
Wheat Corporation, who polled 3d.
070 votes, placing him fourth and
just inside the nomination.
The nomination Of West was con-
sidered one Of the most startling up
sets in the primaries. It has caus-
ed politicians to scratch their heads
for no one had any idea that West
would place on the ticket and espe-
cially defeat the incumbent Juneall
who is member of the largest Cor
poration law firm in the city. AS
the lines are now drawn between
conservatives and liberals it is a
matter OF speculation just what the
voters will do if the conservatives
make srong fight to retain a hold
on the various boards, then West
viii be elected il the liberals sweep
as thew did last Monday he will not
fare so well.
It is known fact that West fled
in opposition to the Farmer Labor
candidates, for this they demanded
that he withdraw. This he declined
to do, as the returns indicated West
member of the Farmer Labor CEN
trail committee of Hennepin county
split the labor vote placing him 3rd.
His fling was an open rebulle to the
double crossing given to the colored
members of the party last year and
their failure to place any Of its col
ored members in responsible posi-
tons.
Already whispering CAMPAIGN
has begun on West with the homes
of defeating him in June. But being
a persistent fighter and one with
what may be called plenty of
nerve" he is expected to continue
in spite of what may be said about
him.
He is the first Negro in the his
tory of the State to receive such
tremendous vote and the first to
ever be nominated at city wide
primary election.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18
KAPPA ALPHA PSI
PLAN SPRING EVENTS

Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity, inter-
national organization Of Negro Col
lege men, met Saturday with Mr..
Ellsworth (Jack) Harpole. Plans
were made for two interesting af-
fairs to take place in the future. At
st. Peters A. M. E. Church on May
26th there will be a fraternity-sor-
ority evening, sponsored by the
Youth Movement of that church.
Explanations of the ideals and pur-
poses of fraternities and sororities
will be explained. Each organiza-
ton will have a different explana-
tory topic to discuss. For Kappa
Alpha Psi Mr.. Harpole will speak on
"What Fraternity Means"
Twin City Kappas are planning
their annual spring festival, to be
given in another few weeks. DIR.
Robert w. Hatch has been appoint
ed chairman of the committee for
that purpose.
Eta Chapter Of Alpha Kappa Sor-
ority met with Mrs. Alice Onque last
Saturday evening. Plans for the
coming Apache dance on May "a,
were completed.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18
5 Defeated In
Tenn. Election

Nashville Five Negro men were
candidates for the city council lin
the election here Thursday, May g.,
and all five lost. Charges of cheat
ing, intimidation and beating were
leveled against the white candidates
the election officials and the white
workers.
DIR. H. H. Walker was candi-
date from the Fourteenth ward; DR..
o. L. Hambrick, from the fourth;
DIR. Charles Sanford from the elev-
enth; Kossie Gardner, from the
third, and the Rev. J. C. Caldwell,
from the second.
All the candidates, except Cald-
well, in whose ward there were
many white voters, charged they
were cheated.
In Walkers ward, Negro man
and a white man, both working for
him, were beaten, allegedly by sup
porters of the white candidate.
In the fourth ward, where only
SO persons came to the polls thru
out the day, DR.. Hambrick receiv-
ed two votes and the white candi-
date 218.
The white candidate opposing
Gardner tore up Gardeners ballots.
The counters had thrown them out
on the floor and when Gardner pick
ed them up, Bell, his opponent,
grabbed them and tore them before
his eyes, openly stating he was not
going to allow him to hold any evil
dence against him.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18
Sunday Fun To
Close Sea2eu Sunday
THE MINNEAPOLIS SUNDAY
FORUM

The Minneapolis Sunday Forum
will hold the last meeting of the
season on May 10th at the Phyllis
Wheatley House. At this time there
will be an election of officers.
Mr.. Bernard SQuires, Boys Direc-
tor of Phyllis Wheatley House, will
speak on the much talked of sub
ject, "The Youth Movement" Mr..
Squires will have a great deal OF
first hand information, having serv-
ed on the program committee for
the Youth Conference to be held at
the University OF Minnesota. Mr..
Squires has also been leading dis
cussion groups throughout t h c
state.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18
Elder NIichaux Wins
$4,000 Law Suit
ELECTED MAN WHO SAID
HE PRAYED TOO LONG

Washington, D. c., May 17-Eld-
er Solomon Lightfoot Michaux, who
rose from fish huckstering to be e
radio evangelist with an appeal to
hundreds of thousands of persons
of all classes-some taking him SER
iously and others regarding him as
a pulpit jester won the $4,000
damage suit brought against him
by w. Herman Luas, 14O1 Irving
street, northwest, when jury in
the Supreme Court of the District
of Columbia decided in his favor
last Saturday.
Lucas said that Elder Michaux at
a meeting of depositors of the In
dustrial Savings Bank in the audi
forum of the Garnet-Patterson jun
ior high school, Tenth and U streets,
northwest, left the rostrum where
he was seated as a speaker. came
down into the audience, assaulted
him and forcibly elected him from
the meeting.
The meeting was held on March
6, 1884. Lucas said all he did was
object when Elder Michaux prayed
too long.
Elder Michaux in defending his
action said he was one of the organ
izers Of the meeting. The prayer
was on the program and Lucas con-
duct was Objectionable to the spon-
sors Of the meeting and that he used
sufficient force to eject him.
~ haven't prayed for 40 years,
and prayer won't get us any plae,"
Michaux said that Lucas shouted.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18
Stays Wife In Row
Over Chain Letter
ARTHUR BENTON IS HELD
FOR FIRST DECREE MURDER

Trenton, Mo. A quarrel over
answering dime chain letters result
ed in the death of Mrs. Matte Gran
shaw Banton here Sunday, May 5,
who died Of gunshot wounds infict-
ed by her husband, Arthur Banton
at the home of Mrs. Mollie Redman,
1913 Merrill street.
Charges of first degree murder
have been filed against Banton and
he is held in the county Jail pend
ing hearing.
Mrs. Banton who suffered abdom-
inal wounds died one-half hour after
arriving at Wright hospital where
she was taken.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18
WOULD GIVE VIRGIN
ISLES BACK TO DANES

San Juan, Puerto Rico, May 10
Senator Robert R. Reynolds, Demo
crat, North Carolina, chairman of
the senatorial subcommittee named
to investigte administration of the
Virgin isands, said in an interview
here Thursday he thought that
Denmark should be paid to take
the islands back" Reynolds said he
believed purchase of the islands
zone Of the greatest mistakes the
United States ever made. He re-
fused to comment on Governor
Paul M. Pearson's administration of
the islands.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18
BAPTIST UNION ELECTS
FiNSTROM SECRETARY

The Rev. E. A. Finstrom, for Is
years a member of the faculty Of
Bethel institute, st. Paul, was elect
ed executive secretary of the Twin
City Baptist Union at the annual
meeting of the organization at New
Prague, MINI. Visiting speakers al
the meeting were DR.. Bruce Kinney
of Denver, head of the Indian work
for the American Baptist Home Mis-
sion society; Miss Helen Schmitz {
.alae South Chicago neighborhood
house, and the Rev. Werner I. Oh
son of Fourth Baptist church, Min
neapolis, who preached the annual
sermon.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18
He Liked To Hang
Around: Judge Ruins
His Racket

Chicago, May 17-Willie Hughes,
6, Of 400S Vincenes avenue, was a
ikeable chap in many aspects, &C.
ording to his intimate Acquaintance
IS, but Mr.. Hughes had one big
ault; he liked 10 hang around.
This propensity on his part, es-
,ecially as far as store at 25th
treet and Wabash avenue was con-
'erned, brought Mr.. Hughes on a
usual visit to Wabash avenue
curt, personally escorted by Sergt
Iarion Mitchell and John Cogger OF
5tanton Avenue Station on last Fri
lay morning.
Revelations in testimony present
ed before Judge Brooks showed that
Mr.. Hughes outstanding fault was
about the only thing against him.
It was also developed that the
storekeeper who was seeking to
break Mr.. Hughes outstanding hap-
it = of hanging around - had re-
sorted to the simple expedient of
paying Mr.. Hughes dime a day
to keep away from his store.
Mr.. Hughes was shown certain
climes and environments in which
he could hang around at city ex-
pense, by the court, and he agreed
to renounce his outstanding fault
of just hanging around - if he
could get out on the street again.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18

Large crowds attended Bethesda
church Sunday. Rev. J. j. Clay
bourne was at his best preaching a
soul stirring sermon. The Floral
altar committee had the church dec
Grated for the occasion.
The Gospel choir directed by Miss
Essie Mason, rendered sacred con-
cert.
The B. Y. P. U. was well attend
ed. Miss Tina Leah Marshall in
charge of the young folks is keep
ing abreast with times. Young peo-
pie attend B. Y. P. U. this Sunday
at $50.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18
Border H. {. Church
Pastor Is Feted
REV. D. p. YOUNG NEW PASTOR
OF BORDER CHURCH FETED

Rev. D. P. Young, the popular.
and aggressive new pastor of Bor-
der M. E. Church, Fourth and Lyn-
dale Avenue North having attend
ed the Methodist Union luncheon at
the Y. II. C. A. earlier, was again
the honored guest at a "Get Ac-
quainted Dinner" given for him
and family. The pastors and their
wives of the Twin Cities, by the
Border Ladies' Aid Society, Mon
day evening, the thirteenth. The
ladies, under the leadership of Mrs
Nellie Kelly, spared no effort in
making this a gala affair. DIR. Bert
E. Smith, superin tendent of the
Minneapolis district of the Metho-
dist church, pad Rev. and Mrs
Young very high tribute and com,
mended Border Church on having
such an amiable, capable, wide
awake and exper:anced pastor.
Among others ringing greetings
were Dr.. H. y Bolts, pastor OF
Zion Hill Baptiss church and secre-
tary of the Twin Cities Ministerial
Alliance, Miss Clavis of the Phylli.
Wheatley Settle 2nt House, and
Mr.. R. Edwart Bolton, "Uncle
Bob" of WCCO radio fame.
Assisting the gracious hostess
Mrs. Nellie Kelly, were Imogene
Napue, Bura Haw! zins, M. E. Bailey
Hattie Drye, r. S. Morgan, ano
Mary Rice, Mess Joseph Bibens
j. E. Riley, Clifford Hawkins, Jr.
and Jerry Wright.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18

The marriage Of Miss Marguerite
Hill and Mr.. Alex Eason took place
Thursday, May 16, evening at the
home Of the groom's mother, Mrs.
Winston, 1880 31st Avenue South.
The bride wore white and carried
a beautiful bouquet. The house was
beautifully decorated. The happy
couple received many beautiful and
useful gifts.
Mr.. and Mrs. will be at home at
Oil East 22nd Street.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18
Garfield Was Ridiculed

At Williams college, James A.
Garfield was thrown into society
of polished students who looked
somewhat contemptuously upon the
rough western carpenter and farm
er who had placed himself In their
midst. He was the target for their
belittling remarks and their much
ruder treatment in refusing to as
sociate with the Ohio farmer. Young
Garfield bore all this with pa
thence that helped him through the
political battles later in life.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18

Bethesda Missionary Society met
at the home of Mrs. Mayme Bottle,
705 Aldrich Avenue North. The
lesson, Mothers Topic, was discussed
by the members.
A delicious lunch was served the
next meeting will be with Mrs.
Laura Chisholm, TOT Aldrich Ave
nue. North, Friday, May "a, at 2 P.
M.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18
Walter White Quits
Virgin Islands Comm.
WALTER WHITE RESIGNS
POST ON ISLANDS COUNCIL

New York, May 16, = Walter
White, secretary of the National
Association for the Advancement of
Colored People, definitely broke
with the President this week when
he resigned from the Virgin Islands
Council in protest over Mr.. Roose-
velt's silence during the anti-lynch
ing filibuster.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18
JAMES w. BOLDEN GETS
RAMSEY COUNTY POSITION

Mr.. James W. Bolden, of 518 Full
Ter Avenue, ST. Paul, has accepted
a position as clerk in the office of
Mr.. Emil Schulz, County Surveyor
of Ramsey County. Mr.. Edward
Thomas, employee of the Minnesota
Transfer, was instrumental in the
selection Of Mr.. Bolden for this po-
sition.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18

Rev. Majors of Wayman Church
preached an eloquent sermon. The
subject was "The First Mother Who
Did Not Have a Mother" The story
of Eve and family was beautifully
portrayed.
Mrs. Pratt, president of the
Mothers Effort club, read an inspir-
ing paper on Mother and home.
The church was decorated with
red and white carnations. The choir
rendered appropriate music with
Mfrs. Thomas Brown, soloist.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18
PLAN TO REMOVE 100
POUND TUMOR FROM WOMAN

Shreveport, La, May 16 = Mrs.
Ella Carter is being treated here,
preparatory to an operation for the
removal of 100-pound toumor.
Mrs. Carter weighs 249 pounds.
The tumor extends over the entire
abdominal portion of her body and
protrudes about Is inches.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18
SPECIAL OFFER

8 room house, modern, H. W.
heat and Garage. PRICE I? Make
offer, located at 4153 Fifth Avenue
South.
407 Bryant Avenue North. Du-
pick, Modern, II. w. heat. Good
shape. Price, s1soO.OO. Call At
lantic 1888.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18
GETS THIRTY DAYS

John Woods was found guilty in
Judge Carols court Thursday of
petty larcency. He was ALLEGED to
have siphoned gas from parked au-
tomobiles in the vicinity of Sixth
Avenue North.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18

Mrs. Gertrude Vinigar, the only
mother who has her daughter as
co-worker in the club was surprised
with a Western Union Mothers day
greetings from her son-in-law passi
ing through ElPaso, Texas.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18
KILLED OVER FLOWER

Cincinnati, May II - An argu-
ment over a mothers day flower re-
suited in the death of its wearer,
Sunday. Joseph Adams, Sc, Negro,
was stabbed fatally, and Granville
Wilson, SO, another Negro, was
held for investigation.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18
BISON LODGE u. B. F.
INITIATES

The first and second degree was
conferred on members of Bison lodge
u. B. F. No. 1853, also the initiatory
degree was given to new candidates.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18

Mrs. Alice Stewart went to Cedar
Rapids over the week end to spend
Mothers day with her mother, Mrs.
Walker.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18
TWO FAIL FROM BOAT
WHILE FISHING, DROWT

Goldsboro, N. c., May 16 = Jaci
Bass, So, and W. B. Bryant, Il
were recovered Last Sunday from
Contentnea Greek in which the,
were drowned Saturday after they
had fallen out Of boat from which.
they were fishing.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18

P. P. B. A. of A. Local No. and
Auxili.ry viii have their annual
sermon at st. Peters A. NJ. E.
church, Sunday, MAY 10, at 2 p. m.
Mr.. L. G. Leverett, chairman.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18
LADIES AUXILIARY MEETS

The newly organized ladies of
the Mems Optimistic club of Border
M. E. Church met Thursday even
ing at the home of Mrs. John Napue
at 725 Anderson Avenue North.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18

A large crowd attended the Kings
Daughters tea given at the home of
Mrs. Amanda Lwson, 1926 Oak
land Avenue South, Sunday after
noon.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18

Betel mt. chewing II 10 univer-
sal throughout the East that It r.
estimated 10 per cent Of the worlds
adults have black teeth.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18

Mr.. George Walker, 908 Bassett
Place, is very sick.
Twin-City herald. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1927-1940, 1935-05-18

Mrs. Jennie Johnson, lot Royal
ston Avenue North, is able to be out
again.
Coulee City dispatch. [volume] (Coulee City, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1935-08-15

and In certain provinces of Spain and
Portugal. Great Britain has many rec
Ognlzed cases, says correspondent in
the Detroit Free Press.
There are few lepers in Canada,
In New Brunswick and British Colurn-
bia, nearly all Of them Chinese. The
disease Is epidemic in the West Indies
and also occurs in Mexico.
In the United States it is not uncom-
mon along the Atlantic seaboard and
In California but is uncommon among
native white Americans, most lepers
in this country being from the Near
and Far East.
Medical science has succeeded to
some degree in bringing leprosy under
control and cures, especially in cases
where 1t has been found in it's early
stages, have been observed.
Leprosy is not inherited, doctors
agree, and while it may be possible to
contract It by accidental incubation,
they say that no evidence is available
to prove such incidents. The incuba-
ton period Of the disease is of great
length, several years intervening be-
tween the time of incubation and the
appearance of the first symptoms
Coulee City dispatch. [volume] (Coulee City, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1935-08-15
Ghost Stones

The British museum, probably the
greatest treasure house in the world,
is constantly receiving from every
quarter of the globe strange and often
beautiful products of mans skill and
ingenuity all down the ages. Many of
these belong to dead civilizations, but
large numbers illustrate the customs
and fetishes of savage races. Recent
acquisitions of the latter kind are two
stone slabs from the Ngalia and Lor-
itza tribes of central Australia, usual
" reckoned the least advanced of the
human species. These slabs are called
Churinga, and are believed to contain
the spirits of men. One of them bears
circles and symbols which tell how
grasshoppers at place called Ngapat-
jimba, flew into the air and, coming
down as men, entered this stone. The
other describes wild cat men.-Tit.
Bits Magazine. =
Coulee City dispatch. [volume] (Coulee City, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1935-08-15
Flicker Feasts On Ants
and Finds Ample Supply

As an ant gathering machine, the
adult flicker is really a marvel. He
or she does not pick them up one by
one. This would be far too tedious
q process of collecting as many as 5000
ants for single stomachful. The
flicker picks out an ant hill on the
lawn or perhaps in the field and probes
Then the bird sticks out its 2inch
tongue and plunges it down into the
ant nest. The tongue is sticky as fly
paper, asserts a writer in the Detroit
Free Press, and once the ants are at
tached to it, they can't get loose. The
flicker merely draws the tongue inside
its bill to get a nice meal or carries
the ants back to her babies and feeds
them.
The flicker babies stay in their nest,
which is hole in a tree or deep
nesting box, scarcely two weeks. Oft
en- the youngsters will follow the par
entS around for over month, and u.s.
ually keep together in family groups
until fall
While flicker" is the most common
name, this bird has over 100 different
names. Most common are such names
as high holder, golden winged wood
pecker, yellowhammer and pigeon
woodpecker. 1t is a large bird. 1t has
considerable yellow under the wings,
which especially may be seen in flight
The best distinguishing mark is the
conspicuous white rump, and 1t is the
best field mark at distance. 1t is
the only woodpecker with brown
back.
Coulee City dispatch. [volume] (Coulee City, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1935-08-15
G. D. ARNOLD, Publisher
LOW INTEREST RATES
From Great Falls Tribune)

II
Condition. were nevre so favor
able for refinancing farm debts.
One of the beenfits arising from
the large accumulation of funds
seeking investment has been the
low interest rates the farm credit
administration has secured on it's
bond issue.
Federal land banks recently sold
an isue of 3 per cent bonds to Sc
sure funds for new farm loans.
Being limited to a l per cent mar
gin for loans made through local
farm loan associations, tie new
rte on the land bank mortgages will
be 4 per cent after June "a. This
the ladn bank system.
The advantages of the pooling
of credit or of cooperative action
in financing are shown in the re-
cent experiences of the different
branches of the farm credit sys-
tenn. Land banks, production cred
it associations, banks for coopera-
tives draw on the great national
reservoir of privte capital for
funds. The individual farmer could
never expect to get comparable
terms, but through his cooperative
associations which are linked to-
gether in a nation wide system he
is able to secure funds at as favor
able rates as lrge Industrial incor-
pOrations.
Farm borrowers themselves Of
ten fail to understand the basic
idea OF the farm credit agencies
The heart of the system is the To-
cal association in which the bor-
rover is stockholde1 whether it
be the local farm loan association,
the local production credit assoc
ition or the local cooperative mar
keting association. The local as
sociations are owned by the farm
ers and to the extent tn epeople on
the lands help ttrengthen and de-
velop them and build UP their re-
serves, to that extent the directinn
Of the whole system will be control
ed by the farmers of the nation.
The first branch of the farm
credit system was the land bank
organization, established in 1917.
To that have been added the ohter
branches to complete the facilities
for credit for the farm operators
OF the nation. The purpose and
mission of all branches is to pro-
vide a dependable source for first
mortgage funds at the lowest pos
|sible cost. The idle capital of the
nation is showing a willingness to
furnish them through this coopera-
tive method
1t goes without saying that I'm
der this plan the loans must be
made on a sound basis. They are
not relief grants and local assoc
iations should have q lively con-
Germ that mortgages are written on
a safe basis and for mounts which
the borrower can be reasonably ex-
pected to repay. The funds are not
taken frmo the government treas
ury but are borrowed by the farm
ers' own agencies nbonds and de-
bentures from private investors
The cheap interest rate is based
on the expectation of the investors
that the loans will be repaid and
the bonds on which they are based
will be redeemed. 1t goes without
saying also that farmers should
not be encouraged by their local
associations to borrow more than
they can repay or for purposes
that do not promote the productive
capacity of their plants.
Coulee City dispatch. [volume] (Coulee City, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1935-08-15
Rays From Fire flies

The rays emitted by the common fire.
Ales are remarkable in being almost
entirely light rays. The light of the
lrefiy may be rated at 100 per cent
this light, therefore, is perfect and as
yet unapproached by artificial means.
says writer in the Montreal Herald.
One view is that the light is warn
ing signal to nocturnal birds, bats or
other insectivorous animals. This is
supported by the fast that the lampy-
rids are refused by birds In general.
In some species the eggs are also
luminous.