davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1935-02-22

The long-pending child labor
amendment to the Federal Constitu-
ton again receives popular attention
through the fact that additional
States have been recorded in support
of the measure. The latest to indorSe
the amendment are Idaho and In
diana, while adverse action was being
taken in Kansas The existence of
this prohibition in codes under the
New Deal is cited by supporters Of
the legislation, and the support of
President Roosevelt is declared to be
factor.
"The chances that it will be added
to the Constitution this year seem
rather slim" to the Dayton (Ohio)
Herald. which argues: Ratification
by IL more States is necessary for
the amendment, and it is reported
that only Is of the States which have
not considered it recently are now
having legislative sessions. In other
words. rejection by one House in each
of only four Legislatures would pre-
vent its adoption this year. which is
so greatly desired by the adminiStra-
ton and by organized labor. What
influence the Presidents renewed plea
will have Is uncertain, inaSmuCh as
four of the five States which have re-
jected the amendment since January
l are under Democratic control"
Emphasis is placed by the Provi-
dence Bulletin on the fact that 1.-The
"a States which have approved the
amendment have combined popula-
ton of just a few thousand short Of
SO 600, 900, more than half the total
of the country" The Bulletin con-
cludes: "Ratificationists count on IA
vorable action in Nevada, South Da-
kota and Nebraska. They rather look
for it in Vermont and Delaware, and
they have hopes in Missouri and New
Mexico. But even If all those States
should ratify, the amendment would
still be five votes short of the neceS-
sary 36. Those five votes would have
to come, if they came, from Massa-
chusetts, New York. Rhode Island,
Connecticut, Maryland, Virginia,
Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina,
South Carolina. Georgia, Florida. Ala
bama, Mississippi and louisiana"
1T continues to move, though slow
ly, toward its goal of 36 States" says
the San Francisco Chronicle. Dur
ing the present legislative session it
has met with both successes and fail
ures. It is still encountering strong
opposition and has some hard shedding
ahead. The opposition reveals q Curl
GUS conflict of theory and fact. The
opponents insist regulation of child
labor is not proper subject for Fed
eral control, although the Federal
Government. through some 500 codes,
has in fact taken control, with every
body's approval, including that of the
opponents. It is charged that the
Federal Government, given power over
child labor, might pass ridiculous laws
on the subject, but the States that
have such laws have not shown
such foolishness-quite the contrary.
Neither has the Federal Government
in the codes. But instructive opposi-
ton can always rationalize its emo
tions."
It Is argued by the Oklahoma News
that "child labor is not cheap labor
for the Nation, but is the costliest
kind of labor in the long run" The
Indianapolis Times quotes the late
Evening star., 1935-02-22

Does some one looking over your
shoulder to read your paper annoy
you exceedingly?
It does many, and they don't know
exactly why.
Those who love reading in any
form ought to be glad to share with
another, perhaps. Still
The fact that he is a stranger has
something to do with it, has it not?
1t seems almost impossible for the
average person to resist looking at
book, magazine, paper or other
printed matter.
Any one can test this out any
time in street car or bus.
The fact that It Is some one else's
book or newspaper seems to have
nothing at all to do with the matter.
Their eyes automatically fall to the
page.
They begin reading right along, just
as If they were holding the book or
paper themselves.
n r r
One wishes they wouldn't!
One wishes they would keep their
eyes 10 ItltIIlSclfco.
One wishes they would mind their
own business.
There are many ways of minding
ones own business, and surely this is
one Of them.
Sharing ones reading matter with
a stranger gives most people very
uncomfortable feeling.
Instinctively they will look up. out
Of the corner Of the eye, to catch
other eyes upon the page.
Those eyes invariably turn away,
thereby revealing that their owner
is quite aware of the fact that he has
no business in such mental treSpaSS.
For undoubtedly there is a certain
seemliness in such matters, which
even the crudest persons seldom over
step.
They may look. to begin with, but
also they look away when they find
they are caught at it.
What does this show but the pure
privacy of reading?
Reading, at its best, must be a
personal matter.
1t is you with the reader.
1t is the reader with you.
Even the dumbest, crudest soul
realizes this.
X 4 4
Hence reading aloud, no matter how
well done, or how much enjoyed, can
never take the place of silent reading.
Hand in hand writer and reader go
along the shores Of the world.
And there is no other way for mind
to meet mind
Reading is not something to be
done on street corner or In public
vehicle, after all.
If it is done there, it is achieved
only at a cost and at a sacrifice.
The cost is loss of some of the
meaning. when heaven knows we may
not begin to get 1t all in the privacy
Of the home.
One sacrifices too much.
Y 4
A part of the cost Is this inquisitive
somebody who wants to see, too.
No, one should not be angry at him.
One should recognize his oneness
Evening star., 1935-02-22
Washington.

It cannot be said in sober truth
that the spirit Of George Washington
walks the streets Of the Capital which
bears his name. The man himself
departed from the American scene
more than thirteen decades ago, and
unfaltering processes of change have
relegated him to the past. Even the
universal celebration of the bicente-
nary of his birth could not render him
a contemporary of the present gen.
Grafton. He was and must remain
a personality dated within the natu-
raj boundaries of his own particular
epoch.
But the influence of his example
survives, and in that circumstance he
has his immortality. Time has not
robbed him of his premier place in
the hearts of his countrymen. Thou
sands who vision him dimly, who are
familiar with but little of the detail
of his story, nevertheless entertain
an affection for him, admire him,
and in their philosophy and conduct
reflect the motives and the purposes
Of his career. The poet Robert
Southey, it seems, was well advised
when he spoke of him as being a
r{oI,k oFt ha
garian patriot Louis Kossuth had
ample justification for his opinion that
American independence, national pow
er, prosperity and prodigious growth
are monument to him"
A genealogy Of the psychology Of
the people of the United States. were
It compiled by a skilled and practiced
hand, certainly would demonstrate
that to Washington the Nation owes
much of the design of its corporate
mind. Preparedness for war in time
of peace, freedom from entangling al
liances, the sanctity of the Constitu-
:ion as q national code, the necessity
for the preservation of the Federal
Union and for the defense of the in
tegrity of the Federal domain, per-
manency and efficiency in Govern
ment institutions, democracy in the
quest for public Office, civic RESPONSE
bility for law and order and individ-
ual duty in support of the common
welfare-all these basic doctrines of
American faith may be traced to the
Father of His Country, and each Of
them is as vibrantly alive, as effec-
lively powerful, as when he first gave
them utterance.
Washington, then, was the mentor
Of the American race. He established
the pattern of its elemental dogma
the body of belief by which it lives.
AS soldier and as an administrator
he may be forgotten. But as char
acter. honorable, noble. just and kind,
he will be remembered forever. His
soul is an everlasting endowment Of
the whole human family for which
millions, reverently repeating his
name, are grateful.
Evening star., 1935-02-22
Appreciates Editorials
On the Gold Decisions

To the Editor Of The Star:
Permit me to express my appreciation
of the editorials that appeared in The
Star on the 10th and goth instant,
concerning the Gold Decisions" and
"a Matter of Conscience" There was
an underlying sorrow in my heart
upon reading the decisions, but ]
found difficulty in casting the language
to fully express my thoughts. Costly
integrity and cheap expediency," as
you put It'll Let us hope that there
will be an awakening of the con-
sciences of our people and that the
common honesty and common sense
Of the American people" will batter
down "expediency" and let integrity"
assume its rightful place.
! have no gold bonds, so I am not
personally affected In financial way,
but as an American feel a sense Of
chagrln.
Please pardon me for hastily taking
up your time, but I just could not
omit expressing to you my apprecia-
ton Of the articles referred to.
HENRY F. WOODARD.
Evening star., 1935-02-22

Mr.. Eccles delivered an off-the-record
address to the Harvard Business
School alumni, but is understood
mainly to have confined his campaign
of education to informal conversa-
tions with fnanciers across luncheon
and dinner tables.
Miss Marion Arnold, one of the few
woman veterans Of the United States
foreign service, is home on leave
from her duties at the American EN-
basSy in Toxic. A daughter of Car
bondale, Pa, she came to the State
Department during the World War
and joined the staff of Undersecretary
of State Polk. She served in the
same capacity under Undersecretaries
Davis, Phillips and Grew. and later
was attached to the Far Eastern Di-
vision of the State Department. In
1927 she was an assistant Of Ambas-
sador Gibson at the Geneva cruiser
conference. When Mr. Grew was
appointed Ambassador to Japan in
1882 he drafted Miss Arnold for serv-
ice in Toxic. She will return to her
post there during the next few weeks.
X 4 4
When Senator Pope, Democrat, of
Idaho recently addressed the Wash
ington Town Hall during a League of
Nations debate he revealed that even
those two irreconcilable field marshals,
Senators Borah of Idaho and John
son Of California, offered no obJec-
tionS when the proposal for American
entry into the International Labor
Office at Geneva was adopted by the
Foreign Relations Committee last
year. The Senate itself approved the
resolution on June Is without oppo-
sition.
Mrs. Emily Newell Blair, who has
just been appointed to succeed the
late Mary Hartman Rumsey as chair
man of the Consumers Advisory Board
of N. r. A., rates as one of Americas
pioneer woman organization politi-
clans. Long active in the fight for
suffrage, she was named Democratic
national committeewoman from Mis-
souri, in 1921 and a year later became
vice chairman Of the national COM
mittee. Thenceforward Mrs. Blair en-
gagged in intensive education of women
in the practical mechanics of politics.
An ardent Wilsonian, she was gener-
ally in the thick of the fight against
Jim Reed of Missouri during his spec
tacular campaigns for the Senate.
\ \ X
Chicago went heavily New Deal last
November, but Windy City Repub-
hcans have evidently not lost all hope.
At any rate, bitter G. o. P. primary
contest. which will be decided on Feb
ruary 26, is winding up for the mayor
atty nomination, with three candi-
dates in the race -one Of them a
woman, Mrs. Grace Gray. The most
active contender is Mortimer B. Flynn
longtime ally of former Mayor Will
liam Hale Thompson. There have
been reports that if nominated Flynn
might withdraw In Big Bills favor.
Chicago goes to the polls on April 2,
with the odds favoring election Of
Edward j. Kelly, Democrat, appointed
mayor after the death Of Mayor Ger
max.
Copyright. 1935)
Evening star., 1935-02-22
Hitler's Cash Levy.

Germany's tangled finances and
economics have compelled Fuehrer Hit
Ter to resort to drastic measures to
obtain indispensable liquid where
withal. He has found it necessary to
conscript the nations cash in order
to provide funds for purchases of raw
materials abroad and for consolidation
Of Germany's debts.
Due to heavy expenditure on public
works and ornaments as well as to the
wreckage of its foreign trade by anti
Nazi boycotts, the Reich's money trou-
bles have rapidly drifted from bad to
worse. Nothing could more graphic
ally illustrate the straits to which the
government has now come than the
project to confiscate private wealth.
Finance Minister Won Krosigk has
been clothed with widely arbitrary
powers to secure funds not only through
credits which the banks will be COM
PEELED to extend, but through stripping
liquid assets from individuals, firms
and corporations. The extent to which
the treasury may go in thus raising
the wind is limited only by Hitler's
personal estimate of what the situation
necessitates. Business and individuals
are apparently to be required to part
with everything in the form Of fluid
reserves not absolutely essential to
their well-being.
Not only persons with cash in Ger
many, but those who still have bank
accounts and securities abroad, &C.
cording to Berlin financial quarters
though this phase Of the plan is not
yet officially admitted-will have to
disgorge, by making that form of ex-
change available to the Reich. For
their dollars, pounds or francs Ger
mans will be compelled to accept
government securities payable in
reichsmarks. All citizens will be re-
quired under penalty of severe punish
ment to register their foreign hold
ings. Hitherto such returns have not
been necessary. Hitler's order to his
finance minister says in effect: Find
money where you can. I viii back
you up."
The German example viii probably
Evening star., 1935-02-22
Character Education
And Lack of 11MOrals''

To the Editor Of The Star:
There is only one thing to know
and teach school children Of today.
This is that morality and justice are
the same, and that to inf1ict wrong
is to do wrong" Thus is quoted Sir
Willmott Lewis, an Englishman,
speaking at a recent meeting of the
District of Columbia Education Asso-
ciation.
The experimental character educa-
ton program in the District public
schools "is not teaching morals" "
is a statement contained in an ad-
dress by Frank W. gallou, superin-
tendent of the District public schools,
at the Cooperative Test Service
Conference in New York City, on
November 1, 1884.
Many will realize that the character
education experiment here is funda-
mentally deficient and headed for
failure if it does not teach morals.
Your readers will recall newspaper
reports that there was a fight on the
field of the Mckinley High School
one of the schools in which the
character education program is being
tested. The inter-high foot ball series
was Cancelled because of this rowdy-
ism. Following this. a band of
students, like any disorderly mob,
went to the home of the assistant
superintendent Of schools and made
loud outcry for kramer" A stone
was thrown through one of the win
dows of his home. Mr. Kramer,
fortunately, was not at home, and
the disorderly gathering was 'Shooed'
away by his daughter.
The Board of Education recently
was requested to take action to pre-
vent school teachers from perfuming
the school room with the odor of
tobacco or the fumes of alcoholic
drinks. The request was treated with
scant courtesy. Individual liberty"
of teachers was paraded to the front
The school children, apparently, have
no rights which public servant school
officials and teachers are morally
bound to respect.
Yet it is true that, in at least one
school where the character educa-
ton program is in full blast, there
are students who will not "chum"
with other students who swear,
smoke or drink intoxicants. The
children, Of course, must not be per-
mitted to educate or lead school boards
or teachers, though morality surely
enables the school children to set
before their masters. a good ex-
ample.
There will grow a conviction that
the Board Of Education and the
superintendent Of public schools, by
their actions or words, may not be the
best mediums through which to carry
out q successful character education
program When the basis of morals
Is missing, the whole course Is likely
to become "a sounding brass and q
tinkling cymbal"-a lot of noisy noise
and no immortal music stimulating
and comforting to the soul or con-
science Of growing youth.
And 1t Is still wondered whether
there is not something lacking in the
character of school officials who, in
times of depression, will pay $50 a
day of school children's money to
consultants In character education
for untried theories and experimental
guesses-for educational vivisection
that is tried on some children, leaving
the lucky dogs" free from the
espionage and mental torture It
entails, JOSEPH w. CHEYNEXs
Evening star., 1935-02-22

Gated that the national income (the
value Of everything) was $6o,0O0,00O..
900.
q. When was Col. Charles Lind
Derghs father in Congress?-C. B. T.
A Charles A. Lindbergh, ST., was
Representative from the State of Min
nesota from 1907 to 1917.
Q. What is included In the term,
The modern fairy tale"?-A. M. G.
A. Tie modern fairy tale is usually
considered to have begun with Hans
CHRISTIAN Andersen. It Is dis
tinguished from the traditional or
folk tale in that 1t is the known crea.
ton Of a modern author. whereas the
folk tale has come down to us through
the centuries by oral transmission.
@. Does ice on q river sink to the
bottom before it melts in the SPRING.
r. P.
A. 1t does not. It breaks up and
melts on the surface Of streams.
Q. Why does cotton cloth shrink
when washed?-K. G.
IA 4AAC
ards says that cotton cloth is stretched
considerably in processing and is set
IN this stretched condition when it is
dried as the last step in finishing it.
thorough wetting releases the ten
sions in the cloth and it shrinks. The
amount of shrinkage will depend upon
the thoroughness of the wetting and
the amount the cloth Is stretched.
Q. On still night is the air in a
valley warmer or colder than on
low hill nearby?-W. NICE.
A. The Weather Bureau SAYS that
the air in the valley is colder.
Q. Where was the Amana Society
first organized?-R. E. C.
A. In Germany in TIA. It faded
out and was revived in 1877 by Bar
para Hetnman Of AlSace and Christian
Metz OF Germany. 1t was organized
In the United States In 1843 under
tne name OF the Ebenezer Society.
trst located in New York State;
later. 1855, in Iowa County, Iowa. and
named in 1859 the Amana Society.
y. How many copies Of the New
ENGLAND Primer were printed?-M. S,
A. This was the most widely used
text book ever studied in this col,r-
try. 1t was in use for 200 years and
more than three million copies were
printed.
Q. How many forts Of the United
States have Cavalry troops?-J. H. D.
A. There are Is forts at which Reg
ular Army Cavalry is stationed.
@. Where was the first 1nterna-
tional Eucharistic Congress held?-
F. w. H.
A. The first International Eucha-
ristic Congress was held at Lille,
France, in 1881.
@. On the Great Western Railway
between Plymouth and London there
is cut into hillside a large white
horse, carved by removing the top
soil' and leaving bare an under layer
Of chalk. When was it carved?-
]. H. c.
A. The sculptured white horse on
the side of Ellington Hills, Berks,
England, is supposed to have been
cut there after the battle in which
Ethelred and Alfred defeated the
Danes In 87l AID. 1t Is about 374
feet long, 1000 feet above sea level,
and may be seen on a clear day at a
distance of u to IS miles. For some
centuries there was an annual cere-
mony called securing the white horse,
which consisted in cutting away any
discoloration which had appeared on
the chalk cliff.
@. Who was called "the last Of the
ElizabethanS" PA. r.
A. James Shirley 1596-1666) was
known as the last Of the EliZabethanS.
He was writing a new play in 1912
when the PuritanS closed the theaters
and he was forced to abandon his
work in this line and turn to teaching.
Evening star., 1935-02-22

In suburban Washington everything
possible is done to make horse racing
and roulette available without con-
taminating the reputation Of the Dis
trict of Columbia, except to the extent
of keeping its population prominently
on the sucker list.
Evening star., 1935-02-22
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
Recollections Of Washington.

Recollections Of Washington.
George Washington! George Washing
ton!
How splendid was the fame you won
A nations hope, nations pride,
A nations strength, personifed!
Yet when we now repeat your name
With trifieS we record your fame,
And say, with patronizing sigh,
"Ah, yes! George could not tell a lie!"
We do not tell of glory won
BY sacrifice and deeds well done:
We do not count the weary nights
OF toilsome march to freedom s
heights.
Our greatest interest receives
Some bit of lore that Fancy weaves.
We say, George Washington-why, he
Once chopped his fathers cherry treel"
"Those remarks Of yours are caus-
ing a great deal Of turbulent COM
ment."
eyes," said Senator Sorghum. II
shouldn't be surprised If we had to
have an investigation or a contro-
versy or something to make the public
willing to drop the matter rather than
hear any more about it,"
Evening star., 1935-02-22
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN.

A reader can get the ansuer to
any question OF fact BY DTiting
The EDening Star Information Bu-
reau, Frederic J. Hdskin, Director,
Washington. D. c. Please inclose
stamp for reply.
@. How long have dog shows been
held?-K. H.
A. The Westminster Kennel Club
show is said to be the Oldest dog
exhibition in continuous existence. 1t
has an unbroken record since the first
event, in 1877.
@. How long has high school foot
ball been played?-B. e. G.
A. 1t has been played for perhaps
so years. Intercity and interstate
games are played, but travelling is not
done on the elaborate scale common
to colleges, since the cost is too high.
@. When did DR.. Nicholas Murray
Butler make his first speech against
the prohibition amendment?-A. T.
A. Stanley Walker in City Editor
says that it was during a meeting of
the Missouri Society in New York
City in 1924. This was the begin
ming of the respectable oposition" to
prohibition.
@. Was George Givot, the comedian,
born in Greece?-E. M. G.
A. He was born in Omaha, Nebr..
and acquired his dialect while working
in a Greek restaurant.
Q. Why do meteors burn when they
reach the earth's atmospheric
W.I.B.
A. Meteors are consumed by the
heat which they generate in the air
on their forward sides. The COM
bustible portions are burned and
either become part of the atmosphere
or settle to the surface of the earth
The incombustible parts are melted
or vaporized and become part Of the
atmosphere, as for instance, helium,
and gradually descend to the surface.
@. When was the law passed call
ing in gold certiflcates?-T. B.
A. Congress passed the gold reserve
act Of 1884 January 80, 1884. This
act provided that all gold coin anc
bullion as well as gold certificates be
turned into the United States Treas
ury.
@. When was the title, Prince OF
Wales. first conferred upon a son OF
the King of England?-J. r. T.
A. When Edward I, King Of Eng
land, annexed Wales in 1882 he con-
ferred the title of Prince of Wales
upon his son Edward, who happened
to be born at Carnarvon, in Wales
during the period of occupation. II
has since been customary to use this
title for the Kings eldest son and
heir to the throne.
@. Where, in Flemish paintings, can
one see an example Of penthouse?-
NJ. P.
A. THE Blessed Virgin and Child
sit under penthouse in an altarpiece
by Jan Van Eyck in the Berlin Gal
lery.
@. What forms of animal life are
found near the North and South
Poles?-M. R.
A. In the inner Arctic regions
there are several species of higher
animals, as, for instance, the reindeer
and the musk OK. also the polar hare
and the lemming. Besides these
there are several predatory animals
and a number of lower forms, slcd
as land birds, beetles, etc. In the
Antarctic zone. lacking vegetation,
all higher land animals are lacking
OF lower animals, besides some SEMI
microscopic ones, only a wingless
mosquito is known.
@. What was the value Of every
thing produced in the United States
in 1882. G..
A. Complete figures are not yet
compiled for 1884, but on the basis
Of what is known so far it is indi-
Evening star., 1935-02-22

In the event Of Italian attack on
Ethiopia, Africa may hold as i'm
portant place in history as in the
days when a prevalent slogan was
Carthage must be destroyed"
Evening star., 1935-02-22

Speed is the great factor In present
progress. Airplanes cannot only travel
fast, but they can be built very rapidly
in an emergency.