davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-02-18

Jim Farley, he used tn is par able:
 "I'm like tlle man who was found bleeding beside the fence. He had been gOrcd by Il goat. They took him home, and he called his wife and told her he was going to. die. And she said, Be brave, John, you're not afraid to die.' And he said, No, I'm not afraid to die, but l hate like the devil to die at the hands of such creature as that!
 And so l say my friends" continued Huey, If ever meet my political death, I hope 1t will never be at the hands of the Honorable James AlOysius Farley!" 3 --9#f
 MAIL BAG
 T. Y., St. Louis, Mo.-The law passed by congress in the war days of 1917 prohibiting the sale of liquor to men in military uni !. form was not repealed with the passing of prohibition and is still technically in effect. The , law, however. does not bar the sale of liquor to an officer or en- listed man if he is in civilian clothes. . E. S., HOquiam, Wash.-The senate has sat as q court of Impeachment eleven times, thrice removed the ac- cused officials from office. They were Federal Judge John Pick ering of New Ham pshire, 1903; Federal Judge West J. Humph. reys of Tennessee, 1862; Robert w. Archibald, associate ju d g @ of the United States commerce court in 1912. In 1926, Federal Judge George w. English of Illi- nois resigned from office dur ing impeachment proceedings.
 (COpyright, 1885, by United
 Feature Syndicate, Incl
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-02-18

i be cleansed? A. Rub them with soft rag dipped in a solution of camphor. c. Give the adjective used to describe the ability to use both
 hands with equal ease. Al Ambidextrous. ] o. Are there any Indians living
 in the Yellowstone National Park? A. None, except few employed
 during the tourist season by oper-
 ators of concessions. o. Define an atom. A. A tiny particle of matter,
 the smallest particle into which
 matter can be divided by chemical
 separation; the chemists unit of
 matter.
 Q. How many species of plants are there? A. About 250,OOO have been
 cataloged. If you want a copy of our buIIe-
 tin, The New Income Tax Law,
 write to The Waterbury Demo-
 trat's Washington Bureau, cnciOs.
 ing five cents in postage stamps.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-02-18
IN TO-DAY'S MAIL
This newspaper responsible opinions from communications unless accompanied " the writer's hume adrcss will not be accepted

the causes for it. All the legisla- | tion in, the World will not stop Communism if the powers in con- trol will not or cannot provide a system of equitable distribution of the necessities of life.
 Wm. J. Rolley.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-02-18
PRESIDENTIAL CALLERS

Examine the list of callers at the White House. Most consistent callers from the senate are Uncle Joe Robinson and. Pat Harrison, whose political phil-. osophy is not as advanced as' Herbert Hoover's. together with Jim Byrnes, an enlightened conservative.
 Among his immediate friends, most consistent callers are Rich. berg whose present creed Is play ball with big business" Henry MOrgenthau, essentially
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-02-18

The U. 5. Weather Bureau at Washing ton never has forecast fog. And it never will,' for fog is too uncertain. It may promise rain, snow, sleet, cold or warmth, but never fog. We don't suppose that fog is actually practicable. It doesn't move in cycles. It doesn't travel east, west, north, and south. It seems to rise and fall And that's plenty.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-02-18
Daily Washington Merry Go Round
Q isoS EEA


 Nev Deol Now Fut R zgzaggng of Administration Some Obse Let Presidents  As aRsm BeomesF
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-02-18
Questions And Answers
 The Democratic Washington information B.--eau
YOUn QUReTIOA0 AMsaWEWED

GO EdstsF. Tie
 
  usewos
 
  cordially EDITOR
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-02-18

The town they've dug up in Mesopo- tamia, 5000 years old, is depressing to read about. Some day meddlesome strangers will be doing that to us.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-02-18

Our markets are still expanding. Nearly a million American consumers were born last year.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-02-18
Managed Gold Standard

Sir Josiah Stamp, British economist and a monetary expert as great, perhaps, as any in the world, urges Great Britain to lead the way to an international standard of values. His aim is some form of mon- etary standard which would restore con- fidence to world commerce. "The old standard worked from London" he says, "is no test of what the new standard would be, worked from several centers. We have to learn the technique of manag ing the gold standard We must be able to approach the subject as group of na- tions, in spirit of cooperation, mutual fairness and understanding"
 Without minimizing the importance of the questions involved in the Supreme Court gold cases, it may be said that the need pointed out by the British expert is far more vital. It involves all nations and it goes to the heart of the problem. The world as whole, and the nations indi- vidually, need a stable standard of value and medium of exchange. Either they must find some way to make gold serve the purpose better than it has done, or they must look for some other way.
 There is pretty general agreement by this time that standard of value should be steady not varying in it's purchasing power. That ideal might be realized with a gold unit of varying weight, regularly adjusted to keep it even with commodity index But it would require international control, and that is hard to agree on.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-02-18

How many people will recognize the name of William Fowler Hopson? A few perhaps, but the average man would know nothing of him. Yet in his field he was a top-notcher. He was internationally known as maker of book-plates, an ab- sorbing study in which considerable number of people are really interested. Incidentally MT Hopson was born in Wa tertown and is regarded as the last of the Connecticut school of hand engravers. He did an immense amount of work for a Webster dictionary in one particular issue, engraving about 2,500 blocks for it. He went from the field of commercial woodcuts back in 1885, when half-tone cuts doomed them. It was then he became a book plate engraver and made such name for himself both publicly and pri- vately. ..
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-02-18

Washington, Feb. 1S-No one ever has given such penetrat- ing analysis of his administra- tion as the president, himself, when he described New Deal tactics as these of football team.
 He explained that he was us- ing play by-play strategy, a for ward pass, a plunge, right end run, then a puddle of back field players to decide on the next attack.
 The president did not go any further in his analogy, but it is equally true that in carrying the ball through broken field, he is the most spectacular player ever in the White House.
 The art of brOken-ficld run- ming, in politics as in football, is a zig-Zag course.
 That, perhaps, explains the frequent oscillation of Roosevelt policies from left to right and back again. ...
 At this particular moment the New Deal has swung right furth- CT than at any previous time in It's history Of oscillation. And that Is wlry some of it's closest observers arc getting ready for n sudden and unexpected swing in the opposite direction. REASONS FOR
 CONSERVATISM -.....,
 Some of those who used to en- joy closest proximity to the throne have been amazed at the recent steady drift toward con- Roosevelt's tremendous vote of confidence last November was essentially an approval of his left wing policies.
 Despite this, however, the president soundfy spanked labor, permitted a purge of radicals from New Deal agricultural ac- tivities, and has shown a con- sistent inclination to look coyly upon the wooing of Big Busi- ness.
 This has caused both horror and mystification in many quar- ters. The former may be unde- sirable, but not the latter.
 Reasons for ROOseyeIt's recent right swing are not far below the surface.
 FIRST, having plenty of rad ical support, it was natural for him to beckon to business. Every president always craves the un- attainable unanimity.
 SECOND, the White House in recent months has been a mecca for tories.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-02-18

e. How can soiled playing cards
Evening star., 1935-03-17

Survey in 1919, and has been con-
stantly increasing since then. Both
multiple lens and single lens cameras
are used. the type of photographs
taken depending upon the character
and accessibility of the area to be
mapped, and upon the number and
location of control points available for
their adjustment.
A line map. showing all plano
metric details of drainage, culture and
woodlands areas is compiled in the
office on the scale of the photographs
and then reduced to the field scale
and printed in light blue on plane
table sheets The topographic survey
is then completed on this line map
base-a marriage, so to speak, of earth
and air-a mosaic" map. so-called,
and the type of map envisioned for
all travellers of the future. BY this
method of mapping. groundwork is
reduced to a minimum. and a more
detailed map is produced for approx
mately the same cost as map made
bv ground survey methods alone. In
the four-year period from 1926-29,
areas aggregating about $4,000 square
miles in the United States proper
and 22,400 square miles in Alaska
were thus photographed.
When topographic field work on
project is finished, a completely
penciled topographic map is sent to
the main Office of the Survey, where
it is linked in the colors of a pub
lished map. Contours are linked in
burnt sienna, water features and
swamp symbols in PruSsian blue and
cultural features and lettering in
black. After a preliminary photo
lithographic edition is made and the
map is checked, inspected and edited,
it is then sent to the engraving divi-
sion.
Here the symbols shown by each
of the three colors are engraved on
a separate copper plate. When the
plates are completed, separate and
combined proofs are printed and
carefully compared with the edited
original. Errors or omissions are cor
rected.
Transfers are then made from the
mates to photographic stones, of which
this division has more than 1000, OF
all sizes. The map is printed from
these.
An additional overprint, OF trans.
Evening star., 1935-03-17

cilities to the State Department, the
Bureau of Engineers and Topograph-
ical Engineers, the Coast Survey, the
National Observatory and the several
naval bureaus.
THE value of such collection"
said Mr.. Hunt. "in its relation to leg
islation, in its illustration of river
and harbor questions, in its pros
pective use for illustrating history,
and generally as means of exalting
and correcting our geographical
knowledge. gives it most truly the
character of a national enterprise"
The strangest item of all. picked up
on this cartographical tour Of the
Capital. was one, revealed in an
obscure French journal, published in
Paris more than 100 years ago. 1t
appears to be the only place, outside
of the hearings of a congressional
committee. that the idea was ever
even mentioned. Translated, it yields
this odd information:
Ill 1OEf. OIlC IL a nan VI DdAI4A1lOAC
and Hagerstown presented bill to
Congress asking for $4,000 and 10
acres on "the Mall" for the construc-
ton of a geographical garden" in
Washington. He described it as a
spot ''in which all parts of the known
world will be exactly duplicated.
THE bottom of the oceans. seas,
CULTS, bays and lakes" he continues,
will be represented in depth, and the
continents, peninsulas, isthmuseS.
mountains, islands, etc. in relief, and
in proportion with their respective
elevations on the globe. The bottom
of the oceans and other seas will be
covered with sand, the land orna.
mented with green, and the noun
tains may be built of the same kind Of
stone as they are in nature.
Such a typographical representa-
ton of the globe would have many
advantages over all other kinds Of
maps" declared Hall. 1T would be on
scale large enough to show the
cities in their exact proportions, and
their relative positions would be more
clearly discerned. On this map the
United States would be 160 feet in
width"
Evening star., 1935-03-17

graphically, the United States is so
situated as to afford more advan-
tages, with fewer limitations, in the
use of this projection than in the
use of any other. BY its use. it has
been found, all problems of naviga-
tion can be solved quickly and salts
factorily.
The Geological Survey of the De-
partment of Interior is actually the
greatest map-making establishment
in the world. Beginning, in 1879, to
construct accurate topographic and
geologic maps of both the known and
unexplored regions of the United
States, they have steadily pro-
greSsed with this part of their work
until topographic maps of 46 per cent
of the country now are published, be-
sides maps for large areas in Alaska
and Hawaii.
Extensive areas have also been COW
cred by geologic maps, and all the
work, from the beginning of the field
survey to the printing of the finished
map, is done by this Government bu-
reau.
Part of the Surveys mapping comes
under a plan for an international
map-a map Of the world on the scale
OF inch equals 100000 square miles
the American portion of which shall
be uniform in scale and symbols with
those representing areas on the other
continents. -Four sheets of the con-
templated forty-five in this project
have been completed.
The Survey keeps in stocks for sale
more than 100000 copies of 1000
different maps. These topographic
maps show with great accuracy all the
natural features of the country and
man-built structures. Perhaps their
most notable feature is the contour
lines, which are graphic representa-
tions of the land surfaces-mountains.
slopes, valleys, depressions-every in
equality which the eye observes on
the ground Each map is, among
other things. a real dictionary of alti-
tudeS of the area it covers. The price
of one Of these maps is 10 cents; the
field survey of the area represented
costs the Survey between $500 and
$4,000 on an average.
THE application of aerial photog-
raphy to topographic mapping
wss drst employed by the Geological
Evening star., 1935-03-17

And they are not crude, slipshod
sketches; they are based upon a vast
amount of intensive research. accurate
and quite professional" according to
Martin.
Here are the maps made by one of
/ the Nations first, and certainly best
known, surveyor photographers
George Washington.
| In the Library of Congress, also, Is
the famous map drawn by the Vir-
ginia physician, John Mitchell, as a
"potboiler" paStime, in 1855. 1t was
SO perfect in certain respects that
it has been used ever since in more
legal and geographical controversies
than any other map of the United
States ever drawn. 1t has been called
the ''longeSt-lived" map ever drawn
and has been used by English law
lords within the last three years to
settle boundary disputes and by the
Supreme Court in many instances
to settle similar questions of boundary
between our own States.
And here on the walls one may
see horse map, dog map, rum map,
tobacco map and complete map of
fairyland on which is shown the pre-
else location of every neurological
country and character in literature
and the exact locale of all the worlds
fairy tales!
7 IEUT. E. B. HUNT of the United
- States Corps of Engineers, in the
year 1858, brought before the Ameri-
can Association for the Promotion
of Science a project for establishing
a geographical collection as dis
tinct and independent department of
the Government.
He wished it to embrace call ma
terials illustrating the early and re-
cent geography of the United States,
both its seacoast and interior, includ-
ing traced copies of all valuable maps
and charts in manuscript and not
published; also, the materials for
illustrating the past and present
geography of each State, county,
township and CITY," and in the same
manner, "all the maps and charts
on the remainder of America. Fur
ther, the admiralty or seacoast
charts of all the European and other
foreign states, and the detailed
typographical surveys of their in
teriors-at least the most approved
maps published from private sources,
whether as aliases, nautical charts
or naval maps, including publica-
tions on physical geography, guide
books, railroad maps and city hand
books"
Further, Mr.. Hunt wished to COM
bine with the above a complete series
of the narratives of voyages of dis
covery and exploration, besides geo.
graphical, geodetical and nautical
manuals and treatiseS, with all the
requisite photographed aids to the
amplest geographical investigation.
Mr.. Hunts primary object in ad-
vocating the formation of this COL
lection was to provide for the wants
of Congress. At the same time he
wished that it should furnish IA
Evening star., 1935-03-17

~ ENERALLY unknown is the
fact that Washington is the
greatest map-making center
~ in the world and the store
house of the largest number
Of completed ones.
In its more than so collections,
containing about 20,000,0O0 on file
3,500,000 all different-one may find
literally everything from airplane
maps to whale charts. The air above
the earth with its bumps" and cur
rents; cadaStral charts which show
every contour of the soil, its chemis-
try, geology and man-made objects on
the surface; the mountains and val
ieys of the continents under the seas
in some way, every square inch Of
the known world may be seen on
maps drawn, published. compiled in
Washington or purchased abroad, and
now in public and private collections.
When Hipparchus had scratched the
last lines on his crude map of the
world as it was known in 200 B. c.,
he could set aside his stylus and the
mud tablet was set in the oven, and
feel reasonably sure that his work
would stand for at least another score
of years. In that day the face of
the world altered slowly.
Catching up with our modern
changing world to map it is no longer
the leisurely task of a clustered
draughtsman. 1t is rather the hur-
ried, full-time toll of highly skilled
artists, and is crammed with ele-
mentS of adventure, news-reporting
and accurate, laborious research.
WHILE recent map of the world
was being prepared by the Ma
tional Geographic Society, one of
Washington's forty-odd photographic
agencies, it was necessary to stop the
presses three times to make changes
that would record last-minute shifts
In important world names and sover-
eighties. The redrawings were re-
quired when Iraq emerged from the
status of British inundated area to
q full-fledged independent state; when
the name "Nizhni Novgorod," borne
by a Russian city for centuries, be-
came Maxim Gorky," and when the
great heart of the Arabian peninsula
was given the newest title of any
major state, Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia" OF the 4,800 names on that
map, it had been necessary to change
1926 of them and add 500 entirely
new ones, both changes and addi-
tions having occurred in the last
decade.
The map-making activities of the
Geographical Society. however, are
mainly confined to two of the phases
of the Washington cartographical
picture. First, they are purchasers of
maps; second, they are copyers, COM
pliers and publishers. They are not
an original map-making organization.
They do not send surveyors and
draughtsmen into the field to repro
duce given terrain.
Their basic collection Of maps in-l
Evening star., 1935-03-17

Of the War Departments collection
of more than 100000 maps Of all
available foreign and domestic maps
showing political, geological and eth
biological features for Army studies,
is one of the most interesting in this
group which both purchases and COM
piles its maps.
About 20 more agencies come un-
der the head Of original map-makerS.
The engineers of the War Depart
ment, the Agriculture Depart
ment's Forest Service, Interior De-
partment's general land Office and
National Park Service, the War De-
partment's lake survey. Mississippi
River Commission, the Navy's Yards
and Docks Bureau and the Agricul-
ture Departments newest division to
go in for map-making, the Soil
Erosion Bureau, are among members
Of this group.
The oldest and largest govern
mental agencies for making maps
come under this heading: Re-
spectively, the Coast and Geodetic
Survey, established in 1907, and the
Geological Survey, now more than
Sc years at the business of plotting
various phases of the earths surface.
The primary function of the Coast
and Geodetic Survey Is the issuance
of new and revised editions of nautical
charts, based on data gathered by its
men in the field" assembled and
printed in its shops, for the coasts of
the United States and its possessions.
1t is the Federal bureau responsible
for all fundamental data needed for
this purpose, and its materials so
gathered are utilized by many other
map-making agencies of the Govern
ment.
THE photographic surveys by its
IL ships are but one of the pre-
liminaries. The same is true with
respect to basic tide and current sur
veys, magnetic observations and re-
searches, and the geodetic surveys
Ctriangulation and leveling) for the
fundamental control, or framework of
all mapping and charting. Other
functions include earthquake studies,
in which the Government now is tax
ing an active part; astronomical OBJ
servations, gravity measurements and
observations for the variation of lati-
tude.
Another important and gigantic task
handled by the Coast and Geodetic
survey for the Bureau Of Air Com
merce is the preparation of a series
of airway maps to cover the whole of
the United States. Once a man is
issued, revised editions follow rapidly,
detailing the accumulation of changes
Of importance to air pilots. 1t is in
teresting to note that the frame
work, or projection. chosen by the
survey upon which to base its aero
nautical information for this work,
was the Lambert "conic projection"
devised in 1772. So far as Is known,
this projection had not been used for
navigation prior to its adoption as
the basic framework for the Com
mercs Departments air maps Geo
Evening star., 1935-03-17

parent green is made to indicate
wooded areas, and an overprint of
red to indicate surfaced roads and
other main-traveled highways. The
map passes through the press once for
each color. and great care is required
to maintain proper register between
the different colors. A large four
color press has been installed, by
which the colors are printed in i'm
mediate succession.
This shop alone, among map-mak-
ing agencies in the Capital, has equip
ment capable of engraving $50 plates
and printing 100000 three-colored
topographic maps year.
Among those collections Of the
third phase are the ones possessed, for
example, by the Government Printing
Office, the Pan-American Union
(whose vast topographic relief map
of Latin America in its lobby is the
largest map of any sort in Washing
tom. the Navy's Bureau of Public
Buildings and Parks and the Bureau
of Railway Economics.
IN THE Library Of Congress collec-
= tion, however, which has accumu-
lated to the care of Col. Lawrence
Martin, are the real rarities and car
tographic oddities of the city.
Here may be found the giant map
of the United States and the Philip
pines upon which, hung in the White
House for the duration Of the con-
f1ict, President Mckinley followed the
progress of the Spanish-American
War.
Here are series of 80 line maps, in
colors, showing Lees retreat and
Grants pursuit from Petersburg to
Appomatox Court House, an almost
hour-by-hour change of troops and
shift of salients to April 2, 1865.
These maps are the fifth Of a group,
showing the military strategies in i'm
portant battles of the Civil War, which
have been drawn by this unique car
tographer. He is r. E. L. Russell OF
Baltimore. The remarkable thing
about these maps Is that Russell is
a night telegraph operator, with no
training whatsoever either in draughts-
manship, art or cartography, who
draws these maps during the night
hours between messages for want Of
something to do to keep him awake.
Evening star., 1935-03-17

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