davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1935-07-20
Emperor Appeals to World,
Charging Peace Is Being
Drowned in "BIOod and
Tears" in italian War.
ETHIOPIA DEFENDS SELF
TO LAST MAN, HE SAYS
Rome to Promote 1000 Army Of
ficers-African Tribal Chief
tains Summon Councils to Back
Ruler - Japan's Commercial
Expansion Deepens Row.
BULLETIN.

ROME, July 20 (P).-Belief that
a session Of the League of Nations
Council on the Italo- Ethiopian dis
pute may be avoided was expressed
in authoritative circles here today.
1t was based on an equally au-
thoritative report that the Italo-
Ethiopian Cancellation Committee,
which recently abandoned its SeS-
sion in Scheveningen, the Neither
lands may shortly meet again.
By the Associated Press.
Adds ABABA. July 20.-The Ital-
ian Minister. Count Vinci, without
waiting for written instructions. to-
day protested vigorously TO the foreign
Office against the bitter tone Of the
attacks on Italy contained in EN-
peror Halle SelaSSie's speech before
Parliament Thursday.
His protest, which was verbal. was
delivered shortly after the Emperor
in an interview. appealed to the worlc
and cried out that peace was being
drowned in the blood and tears Of 8
war" launched by Italy
Asked whether Ethiopia would
choose between concilation or war If
view of the large forces already mo-
biliZed by Premier MuSSolini on the
Ethiopian borders, the Emperor de-
clareo his empire would defend it:
territory to the last man"
Ever since her crushing defeat BY
our army about 40 years ago, Italy
has nouriShed the desire to attack
US" Ethiopia's emperor asserted
This desire assumed today a more
acute and more menacing form which
Italy has proclaimed to all the
world.
Cancellation Rebuffed.
"All our advances for peace have
been rejected and our sincere desire
for conciliation has been rebuffed
Now. 1000 years after the Crucifixion
is peace to be drowned in the blood
and tears Of a war?
Ethiopia. which became a Chris
tian nation when Europe was still
plunged in paganism, still subScribes
to the Ten Commandments and to
Christ's Sermon on the Mount. 1t
has every right to be treated in the
spirit of Christian brotherhood and
peace by Italy which claims to be an
international shrine of the Christian
religion.
IF Ethiopia is invaded by Italy on
the basis of one or two minor frontier
incidents which could have been set
tied overnight, want Italy and the
world to know that this empire. with
5000 years OF proud history behind it
will defend It's territory to the last man
for the preservation of our deathless
record of never having been con-
quered."
Thousands Stream to Capital.
The new patriotic association,
Amour Pour La Patrie, was attract
ing thousands of Ethiopians, who
streamed into the capital to join with
their Emperor in their readiness to lay
down all for the nations sacred
independence.
High-ranking army officers, digni-
taries of the Coptic Christian Church
and other leaders are among the or
ganizers.
Even semi-independent tribal chief
tains, holding domains on the far
flung highlands, summoned councils
of war. Their action was taken as an
indication they intend to stand with
the Emperor in defense of Ethiopia.
TEXT DISCREPANCY CHARGED.
Evening star., 1935-07-20
AWAITS
CALL TO GREECE
George Has Plane Ready in
London to Fly to Claim
Throne.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON. July 20 Former King
George of Greece has ordered an air
liner to stand oy at Croydon Air Field
to fly him to Atheus, il was learned
today when Capt. W liam Ledlie, the
pilot, confirmed thai he was awaiting
instructions.
The pilot said he had expected
instructions for the Athens flight to-
morrow
1t was reported that the former
King was awaiting the arrival OF
the mayor of Athens, NJ. Kotzias, due
late today, before making a final
decision.
Early today Mai. Levides. comment
ing on Athens rumors that George
was returning to Athens. said:
We know nothing more than what
is in the papers
Cabinet Reshuff1ed.
ATHENS. July 20 tP).-A 24-hour
political crisis was ended without dis
order as Greece settled down today
under a reshaf1ed cabinet in which
Premier Panayoti Tsaldaris and Gen
George Kondylis again were COL
laborators
The success of the Kondyfs man
euver and his retention in the cabinet
were hailed as a victory for Royalists,
Frightening the prospects for early
restoration of the monarchy.
Cabinet Includes Monarchist.
Agitation for the return of former
King George to the Greek throne has
been growing since the Inflated revo-
luton of former Premier VerIzelos
several months spo.
The cabinet receuLlv decided TO hold
a plebiscite on The rc:urn of the mon
archy some time in September and &
heated campaign ensutd The forma-
ton of new cabine; in Athens today
was hailed as victory for the Royal
lists, inasmuch as Gen. George Kondy-
lis, ardent monarchist. was retained.
Republicans described the ministry as
openly monarchist.
Former Queen Elizabeth recently
divorced George an0 thus will not join
him on the throne if it is restored to
him by the plebiscite.
Former King George OF Greece,
eldest son of the late King Constan-
tine, was barred from succession to the
throne by the allies because of his
supposed pro-German sympathies,
when his father was deposed, in June,
1917. His younger brother Alexander
was crowned.
Aseended Throne in 1922.
Constantine was restored in 1920,
but was deposed again in 1922, and
George succeeded him, Alexander hav-
ing died in the meantime.
Growing republican feeling late in
1928 resulted in demand by army
and navy officers that the dynasty be
deposed. George left Greece in De-
cember of that year and the Assembly
in March. 1924, deposed the dynasty
and eXiled its members. The republic
resulted.
George and Queen Elizabeth spent
their exile quietly in Rumania, Paris
and London. The former King and
Queen had been separated for some
time when Elizabeth filed her applica-
ton for divorce last Spring.
George was on a tiger hunting ex-
pedition in India at the time of the
VenizeloS revolution, but returned to
London Immediately, anticipating q
call to the throne.
Evening star., 1935-07-20
WEATHER.

70. 3. Weather Burehu FoFtcastJ
Fair and continued warm tonight and
tomorrow. except probably a thunder
shower tomorrow afternoon: light vari-
able winds. Temperatures-Highest s5.
at Sis pm. yesterday; lowest "a, at 4:S0
am today Full report on page AS.
Evening star., 1935-07-20

(See ETHIOPIA, Page 81
Evening star., 1935-07-20

The only evening paper
in Washington with the
Associated Press News
and Wirephoto Services.
Evening star., 1935-12-01
Malays Freed After
Revolt to Get Homes

SAN ILDEFONSO, Bulakan Island
of LuzonD, P. I. (C.DN9.-Despair
turned to rejoicing in this miserable
farm village when Gov. Gen. Frank
Murphy pardoned "A Sakdalistas, con-
victed of sedition in the uprising dur
ing which Sakdals seized the govern
ment of the village from the elected
officials.
Thirteen of the eighty-seven men
convicted failed to get pardons. Un-
less clemency is later extended, these
men will serve long sentences at hard
labor.
But there is rejoicing unSpeakable
in IA humble homes, among the most
forlorn of peasant homes in all the
islands. Father is free again, father
is home, and crowning all, fathers
character as a good law-abiding citi-
zen is vindicated.
Gov. Murphy found that these pen
niless and landless peasants had been
drawn into the anti-government move
ment reluctantly, many of them
against their will and better judgment.
His words were necessarily diplomatic:
less diplomatic, he might have said the
peasants were all but justified in re-
voting. Not doing that, he went
farther in another way-with the help
of the much-terrified Philippine Legis-
lature.
He appointed special committee
making initial arrangements for the
purchase of the huge San Juan de
Buena Vista estate here, to sell it to
the tenants occupying it on terms
they will be able to meet. The Legis-
lature passed q bill providing for the
purchase of such cumbersome church
estates before recessing for the Sep
tember general elections.
tCopyright, 1880
Evening star., 1935-12-01
History of Los Banos Reveals Japan's
Culture Woven i'm Life of Philippines

LOS BANOS, Laguna Ouzon), P. I.
&C. D. N).-The spirit of the late
Charles Fuller Baker, a brother of
the author, Ray Stannard Baker, is
the patron Of this place-where Curl
GUS threads of a long relationship
with Japan are picked up. The Philip
pine College of Agriculture, over which
DR.. Baker presided many years and
where he died a few years ago, Is
here, and inspiration of Bakers un-
tiring hope, purpose and energy in
forms the work of the faculty today.
Here, rather than in Manila, is the
true scientific capital Of the Philip
pines. It all derives from Baker. Yet
he leaned on Japan, and in a curious
fashion.
First of all, study Of Japan changed
his Christian faith into practical
philosophy not lacking kinship with
Buddhism. In Japan he wanted to
be buried, which was done in ac-
cordance with his will. His resting
place has become humble shrine,
especially for scientists and men who
teach the young.
Devotion Of Housekeeper.
Second, Bakers housekeeper here
was an old Japanese peasant woman
as devoted to him as If Baker had
been her son. With his duties as
dean he always combined his own
branch of science, entomology. It
was the patient peasant woman from
Nagasaki who took care of his speci-
mems, besides learning to clean and
Evening star., 1935-12-01
Copyright, 1935.)

mount them. The world could not
have had the Baker collection save
for this woman.
Aside from this, there are japanese
students at the college, and between
the college and colleges in Japan there
is interchange Of the product of re-
search. Both countries are interested
in sugar canes; for example, Japan has
sugar industry in Formosa. The
college here has bred cane varieties
of prize-yielding quality. even sur
passing new Javan varieties.
These are the modern, scientific in
fluences. Turn back 400 years, you
will see Japanese coasting vessels max
ing their way here. They had silks,
brocades and all manner of trinkets,
such as beads, and they traded for
gold dust.
Settlements Established.
They planted settlements ashore,
like Phoenicians trading in Western
Europe at a slightly earlier period;
but more modernly, like Venice, who
had the trick from Tyre and Sidon,
from Istanbul and Carthage and sim
liar civilizations founded on the COM
merce Of the Mediterranean.
The Christian came to the Far East,
the friars sent out by Philip II. They
and a few soldiers took the Philip
pines and named them for their pa
tron, Philip-Isles of Philip. Japan
and the new Philippines clashed, Ja-
pan barred her doors to Christianity
after sending to Manila, as Christians,
Evening star., 1935-12-01

cargo Of leperS, whom Manila kindly
received and whom the Franciscan
friars succored, founding for their
care San Lezaro Hospital.
But the japanese settlements here
are broken up, the Japanese deported
to their own country. (This Is not
science but government.) But some
thing remains behind. the children OF
the Japanese and the crafts of their
artisans.
Furniture Manufactured.
Only a little way from here are
towns where the inhabitants are fine
joiners who manufacture furniture
Fflipinos who are short, stout and
stocky. They attest their descent from
japanese forebears. And that is his
tory.
Other threads now, the persecution
In Japan at the close of the sixteenth
century and the early part of the next
These threads are red with martyrs
sufferings. Japan had come to feal
Christianity: the priests seemed gen.
tie enough, but conquest seemed te
follow them, so Japan drove out the
SpaniardS, of whom st. Francis Xav-
ier had been the forerunner, and only
allowed the Dutch (Protestants) to re-
main-on small island of NagaSaki
Springs Stir Memories.
The hot medicinal springs here al
Los Banos remind you Of these things
They recall Fray San Pedro Vasquez
y Villacastin, priest in the Philip
pines, who discovered these springs in
1890 and planned the Franciscan hos
pital that Is now here-as it has been
since 1892.
But he himself did not found the
hospital. Before the project was be-
gun he had gone into retreat at San
Francisco del Monte. where he went
through the long self-imposed physi-
cal exorcisms, including starving and
flagellation, in preparation for the
missions in Japan.
Gov. Gen. Gomez Perez Dasmarinas
sent him to Japan In 1898, or rather
it is more likely that he eluded the
Governors vigilance and made of for
Japan clandestinely. In either case.
the martyrs crown was soon his. The
tycoon had him crucified ut Nagasaki
January 3, 1897.
tCopyright. 1850
Evening star., 1935-12-01
BY GASTON NERVAL.

A MERICA has chosen. Some two
" years ago. Secretary Wallace
n outlined in his famous book
let, America Must Choose,
the two courses which lay open for
the resumption OF the normal eco
nomic development of this country,
temporarily halted by the depression.
One was the restoration of former
vast foreign markets for the consump-
ton Of manufactured products made
in U. S. A." and subsequent revival
of international trade. The alternative
was to bring about a radical internal
readjustment. curtailing and control
ing production on a large scale, until
the country was entirely self-Sufh-
cient and on a non-export basis.
The new commercial treaty with
Canada, following other trade pacts
recently concluded by the State De-
partment, definitely shows that the
Government of the United States has
chosen the first course. The Roosevelt
Hull program of commercial reci-
procity is now we'll on its way, and
Secretary Hull. a lifelong advocate
Of international trade, can already
point with pride to the benefits OF a
sound and constructive policy in that
direction.
Pacts With Neighbors.
What should interest particularly
the student Of inter-American rela-
tions is that the present administra-
ton seems to be concentrating its
foreign trade efforts mainly on the
Western Hemisphere. OF the seven
reciprocal trade treaties signed to this
date. five are with nations of the
American Continent. The first of all
was the one with Cuba, signed at a
time public opinion appeared to be
most strongly influenced by the par
tisanS of commercial isolation. The
favorable results derived by the United
States from this first experiment be-
gan to open the eyes of many Skeptics.
Then followed the treaties with Brazil,
Haiti and Colombia, and, with each
instance, the determination of sthe
State Department to carry out its
program of commercial reciprocity
in tine New World became more ap-
parent.
In the conclusion of these treaties,
as in the negotiations now going on
in Washington for similar pacts with
Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, El
Salvador and Costa Rica, Latin Amer
leans see the fulfillment of one of
the pledges made by President Roose-
velt when he promised the southern
republics a fairer deal, commercially
and politically. at the hands of the
present administration
Only few weeks after his inaugu-
ration, President Roosevelt told the
Latin American diplomatic repre-
Sentatives gathered to commemorate
"Pan-American day" that he would
take, without further delay, such ac-
ton as may be possible to abolish all
unnecessary and artificial barriers
and restrictions which now hamper
the healthy flow of trade between the
peoples Of the American republics"
Evening star., 1935-12-01

help of fellow members If attacked by
the aggressor.
More than that: 1t has been argued,
on the British side, that even before
the act of aggression occurs, member
states are morally authorized to take
precautionary measures-the concen-
tration of the greater part of the
British feet In the Mediterranean was
one Of them-and, If necessary, to
invoke the third paragraph of Article
16, regarding mutual assistance. The
request submitted from London to the
French government on September "a
was of that nature.
Such was the method followed in
Geneva from October 7 onward. Most
journalists have spoken of votes of the
Council, etc. so as to describe the pro-
ceedings to their readers conveniently.
Evening star., 1935-12-01
Women Winter in Arctic.

Two women have chosen to spend
the Winter in the Arctic regions, &C.
cording to M. Longland, who recently
returned to Aberdeen, Scotland, from
the Greenland expedition of which
the women are members. The two
are Mrs. L. r. Wager, wife of the lead
er of the party, and her sister-in- law,
Mrs. H. Wager. They will need to
carry q gun at all times and have one
always to hand in their hut owing to
danger from bears.
Evening star., 1935-12-01

in q position of lawful defense and
ipso facto to make use Of all the
weapons at its disposal, military and
economic, in order to safeguard its
cause, which is the common cause
Of all?
League Is Forgotten.
And do not let us overlook that in
that capital phrase no mention what
ever is made of the Leagues Council
or Assembly-that, therefore, the
designation of the aggressor is left to
the unfettered judgment of the indi-
vidual states, and that, as regards
sanctions, it is left to those individual
states to take the initiative. Each Of
them is entitled to act as a mandatory
Of the League of Nations, and while
SO doing-such was the most extreme
interpretation-each could claim the
Evening star., 1935-12-01
LATIN AMERICANS SEE
TRADEPLEDCEFULFILLED
Encouraged by Recent Pact With
Canada and See Fulfillment of
ROOsevelt's Promise.

1t is true that several important
factors had contributed to bring about
this changed attitude on the part Of
the Government of the United States:
A continent wide denunciation of high
tariffs, the formal protests of many
governments, the popular resentment
created in some countries, q tre-
mendous and unprecedented decline
in inter-American commerce to the
figures of rs years ago and last. but
not least, the repudiation of the eco
nomic policies of past administra-
tionS by the electorate Of the United
States in an overwhelming manner.
Nevertheless, expected as it was, the
announcement Of the new policy filled
the Latin Americans with new hopes
And now, in the negotiation of the
new trade agreements. they are be-
ginning to see the confirmation of
their hopes.
1t is also true that in their deter
mination to regain their predominant
position in the Latin American mar
ket the statesmen of this country have
not been actuated merely by senti-
mental reasons. AS one of the brain
trusters" has expressed it, it was
hard-headed business sense. some
good Yankee trading, and an en-
deavor to bring back a situation out
OF which American farmers and
American manufacturers had profited
for half a century, that moved the
executive branch of the Government
to ask Congress authorization to en-
ter into reciprocal trade pacts with
neighboring countries. The presi-
dental message requesting that au-
thoriZation stressed the fact that tar
i'll and trade bargaining was necessary
not only to rescue rapidly dWindling
American foreign trade. but was also
essential to the success of the ma
tional recovery plans of the adminiS-
tration.
Recaptures Leadership.
American exports in 1888 had been
but So per cent of the 1929 volume and
80 per cent of the 1929 value, which
meant idle hands, still machines, ships
tied to their docks, despairing farm
households and hungry industrial
families in the United States.
In 1884, on the other hand, at the
end Of the first year in which the
State Department embarked on a
policy of liberal trade and commercial
reciprocity, the United States not only
recaptured its leadership in the South
American market, but the percentage
in the increase of its sales to South
American nations was almost twice
as large as that of all their other
suppliers.
1t is true that the general business
improvement throughout the world,
with a renewal of the demand for i'm
ported merchandise and an increase
of purchasing power must be taken
into consideration to account for last
years recovery in inter American
trade. Yet, that does not explain the
wide differences in the increases
which correSponded to the various
major powers competing for the
South American markets.
(Copyrieht, 1881
Evening star., 1935-12-01
Finn 0vershadows Camera.

Berlin has been excited over Waino
Myllyrinne, a fair 24-year-old Finn,
who stands 8 feet IL inches in his
socks and weighs 392 pounds. Waino
would make even Camera appear as
baby in arms, for the man noun
tain" Is a comparative dwarf Of 6
feet inches and weighs but q mere
$50 pounds.
Evening star., 1935-12-01
Two-Faced Clock.

The clock in the church steeple
might be called four-faced, but two
faced clock for household Is a recent
novelty. 1t is designed for use In Q
bed room where there are twin beds.
Evening star., 1935-12-01
Death of French Fascist Leagues
Seen i'm Goodness of Conservatives

feeling grows even in conservative
circles that allowing them to con-
tinue their campaign is fraught with
far graver dangers
Copyright. 1889
Evening star., 1935-12-01
BY WILLIAM BIRD,
- ARIS.-Dissolution of the So
y called Fascist Leagues" of
which the most active and

-A%IGoOAdIAOAl VA bAlC ~
- called Fascist Leagues" of
which the most active and
L numerous is the famous "Croix
de Feu.' has become the major polit-
3cal issue of the day in France.
During the past few weeks the al
legged Fascists have lost much of their
following, even in conservative circles
that have until lately been friendly
toward them.
The recent clash at Limoges be-
tween "Croix de Feu" and the forces
Of the Peoples Front" led by the
Socialist mayor and other officials
of the city government, revealed that
the followers of Col. de la ROGUE,
far from being peaceful citizens hold
ing a private propaganda meeting" !"
were actually armed with automatic
revolverS and fired deliberately on
the crowd massed for a counter
demonstration.
Of1cial investigators learned that
the "Croix de Feu" groups had re-
ceived orders to attend the meeting
without berets, without badges, but
Varying pOCheC HaSnllgnLS.
Strategy in Order.
1t is declared that pocket flash
lights" Is code expression meaning
automatic pistols" The Basque beret
Is the uniform of the "Croix de Feu."
The badge of the association is a skull
and crossbones. The fact that the
groups were ordered to leave their
berets and badges at home, while
carrying their flashlights" is taken
rs an indication that trouble was
expected, that shots were to be fired
and that the "Croix de Feu" leaders
wished to escape responsibility.
Pierre-Etienne Flandin, former
prime minister and now minister of
state in the Laval government, came
out f1atly in speech before the Dem
ocratic Alliance last week for dissolu-
tion Of the leagues. The Democratic
Alliance Is the principal center party
In France, with Flandin as president,
and his declaration is taken as a GER
tain indication of the direction in
which the political wind is blowing.
1t Is now believed that Laval, who
until now has maintained an attitude
Of friendly neutrality toward the
lee cues, will be compelled to consent
to their dissolution.
Heroes Of War.
The "Croix de Feu" began as an
association of war heroes, but since
the Paris riots of February, 1884, has
intensified its paramilitary organiza-
ton. creating an allied group known
as the National Volunteers" COM
posed of young men. Membership is
estimated at between 100000 and
100000.
In addition, there are numerous
other Fascist organizations, notably
the "Solidarite Francaise," which
parades in blue shirts, and the action
Franchise" or royalist shock troops.
There are also the Young Patriots" !"
O semi-clerical organization.
The effort TO disarm and disband
these organizations will certainly be
accompanied with difficulties, but the
Evening star., 1935-12-01
JAPAN'S AWAKENING HELD
AID TO u. S. AND BRITAIN
Manager of Yokohama Bank Cites
Huge Purchases of Raw Mate
rials i'm America.

purchased more American cotton than
Great Britain. Germany and France
combined.
The balance Of trade between the
two countries formerly favored Japan
particularly because Of the large
American purchases of Japanese raw
silk. But since the extensive use Of
rayon began and since the worldwide
depression set in, it has turned in
favor of the United States. The fig
ures Of the American Department Of
Commerce for the last three years
are as follows:
Evening star., 1935-12-01
BY ALBIN E. JOHNSON.

situation in France
-J Is mot interesting-and preg-
nant with dangers for the