Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-01-06

lished two other extensive works by
him, Principles of Public Administra-
ton" and Principles Of Judicial Ad-
ministration." The present volume
completes the series, which has great
value for students and practitioners of
| public administration. The author
says: The three volumes, taken to-
gether, thus represent an attempt to
examine the whole organization Of
government, as it presents itself in the
United States" The subject is treated
in three parts: The Legislative
Branch as One of the Grand Divisions
of Government" The Structure and
Composition of Legislatures" and Or
ganization and Procedure" Such
problems as the legislature in relation
to the electorate, the legislature in re-
lation to the executive, the legislature
in relation to the administration,
which have practical and current i'm
portance, are fully analysed.
Dr. Willoughby does not preserve an
aloof, entirely scholarly attitude, but
frankly gives his own views on contro-
versial matters. For example: From
every standpoint, moral or material,
it would seem desirable that members
of legislative bodies should. in all
cases, prefer the general to the special
interests whenever the two are in
conflict" and In default of this "a
system of legislative leadership in the
legislative branch), however, the as
sumption of leadership by our Chief
Executives has undoubtedly brought
about an improvement in practical
/ workings of our political system"
Some Of the organization problems
discussed are the unicameral or BIZ
cameral legislature, the committee
system, bill procedure, with special ap-
preparation bill procedure; leadership
under party organization, legislative
aids, such as legislative reference and
celebrating services, and organiza-
ton and procedure in the States. The
average citizen may find in this book
a vast amount of information about
the structure and workings OF his
Government.
CLOSED AND DISTRESSED BANKS.
A Study in Public AdminiStratio
BY Cyril B. Urban and Edwin
Lamke. Washington, D. c.: The
Bookings Institution.
A YEAR ago the Institute Of Eco
"A Monies of the Brookings Institu-
tion published Current Monetary
Issues" by Leo Pasvolsky, the first
in series Of current studies Of signi-
ficant developments in the financial
system of the United States" This
present volume is the second in the
series and is closely related with the
first. The monetary changes which
DR.. Pasvolsky discussed conceded with
the collapse of the country'S banking
system, which is the subject Of the
study by Mr.. Upham and Mr.. Lamke.
The closing of the banks in March.
1888 was the elimination OF period
of distress. Then followed reorganiza-
ton, or obsequies, processes not yet
complete This volume is study OF
the conditions under which some
banks were reopened and licensed to
resume normal banking operations,
some were recognized, and some were
1iquidated and placed In recelvershlp.
The authors state that ANY present
appraisal of the results OF the Federal
Governments policy of direct financial
aid to banks must be very tentative,
as the full results are not yet ap-
parent" but they believe That oe-
positors have benefited by r. F. G.
loans, not through a greater return,
but through the making of payments
available sooner and through savings
in the cost Of liquidation. AS to the
general effect Of r. F. c. aid, 1T is
undeniable that the r. F. c. has boil
stored the capital structure OF the
banking system. But this Is scarcely
sufficient justification for the IMPOSE
ton of the degree OF control wnlcn
would follow from failure OF the
banks to amortize this new capital az
the rate of per cent year"
ADMINISTRATIVE LEGISLATION
AND ADJUDICATION. BY Fred
erick F. Blachly and Miriam E.
Oatman. Washington, D. c.: The
Brookings Institution.
"a FOG of bewildering confusion"
has settled over the structure OF
our Government because Of the es-
IIlOlC d4l0 1AlO4C oeA4AAA~A
istrative commissions, possessing a
combination of administrative, legis-
lative and judicial powers. Such
commissions have seemed necessary
because of the inability of the legis-
lative body, "a large deliberative body,
cross-section of the public, and not
professional group of public admin
istrators," to keep up with the rapid
development of the country in industry
and other fields. All of the "confu-
sion and uncertainty" in connection
with special commissions has "obvi-
ously been accentuated by the new
administrative agencies created to deal
with the present emergency" The
authors of this book, published under
the auspices of the Institute for Gov
eminent Research Of the Bookings
Institution, show the reasons for this
overdevelopment of administrative leg
islation and adjudication, and suggest
how order could be brought out Of the
present chaos. Six hundred admins
trative authorities and 90 different tri.
49, = g. - L. H.. y ~