davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-05-31
TESTIMONIAL PLANS

Members of the committees and class representative of the Wash ington School Alumni association will meet tonight to make further plans for the testimonial day in honor of Miss Ella Bossidy June 18th. Reports will be submitted tonight by the class representatives, who have been endeavoring to get in touch with all graduates of the school from which Miss Bossidy will retire as principal next month.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-05-31

Buenos Aires, May 31--(UP)-- Envoys of American mediating re- publicans hoped today to effect complete agreement on a 30 day truce that would bring an imme- dIate halt to the Gran Chaco war and permit negotiation of final peace terms. Both Bolivia and Par aguay have accepted the truo but several conditions regarding a ba- sis of peace negotiations remain fn he worked out.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-05-31
Market IrreguLar Al Start This Morning
Utilities Again Attracted Most Attention -fraders
 F1esitated Because of Very Many Things

U. S. Steel at s2 S-S was up Is, General Motors at 30 5-S was off 1-S and Chrysler was off IA at 4S 3-4.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-05-31
HOME LOAN BONDS

HOME LOAN BONDS Home Owners Loan
 As 1851 ........ ss.25 1oo..2 Home Owners Loan
 3's 195 2...... ..1o1.4 1o2. Home Owners Loan
 2%'s1s4s ........ 9s.2s 1oO.i2
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-12-27

tagatta, Mrs Angelo Frenis and Mrs. Diego Quintano, all of this city.
 The funeral will be held on Mon- day morning at 9:30 o'clock from the home to St. Lucy's church, where a solemn mass of requiem will be celebrated at 10 o'clock. Bur- ial will be in Calvary cemetery. MUNSON-William F. Munson of 591 Columbia boulevard extension died last night at Waterbury hos pital after an illness of six months. MT. Munson was born in Otis, Mass, but had been resident of this city 50 years. always being employed b.. the White & Wells company, until a year ago when he retired. He formerly lived in the east end and many residents of that section of the city as well as executives and employees of the White & Wells Co.,, frequently visited him at the hos pital.
 He is survived by his wife, Mrs. Catherine Breen Munson: a son, Kenneth Munson of California, four daughters, Marion and Kathleen, of this city, and Mrs. Stanley Pettys and Mrs. L. M. Cerez of California; a sister, Mrs. James Morsehead of this city.
 The funeral will be held Monday morning at 8:15 o'clock from the Mulville funeral home. 270 West Main street to St. Michael's church at g o'clock. Buril will be in old Pine Grove cemetery.
 POPERNICK-Mrs. Anna (Dem- ko) Popernick, wife of Andrew Pop ernick, died at her home, 142 Cooke street, yesterday morning after a brief illness. She was 58 years of age. Mrs. Popernick was born in Australia Hungary, coming to this country when young girl. She had been rsident of Waterbury for the past 33 years.
 Besides her husband, Mrs. Poper- nick is survived by two daughters, Miss Anne Popernick of this ctiy and Mrs. Edward Dillensneider of Torrington: two brothers, Andrew Demko of New York city and John Demko of Chicago.
 The funeral will be held from the home, tomorrow morning at 8:30 o'clock to the Russian Orthodox church, Crown street, at g o'clock. Burial will be in the Russian and Greek cemetery. Friends may call at the home this afternoon and evening.
 MEZZIO-Joseph Mezzio, 39, of 330 South Min street, Naugatuck, died yesterday at Waterbury hos pital after a short illness. MT. Mez- zio was employed at the Naugatuck Chemical O., plant for the past
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-12-27

The funeral of Miss May Kath- erine Lunny was held from the Lunny funeral home, 9 Central avenue this morning at 9:30 o. clock to the Immaculate Conception church where a solemn mass of requiem was celebrated at 10 o'clock by Rev. Lawrence Skelly of St. Joseph'S church in Danbury assisted by Rev. Bartholomew Skelly of St. Augustus church in Hartford, cous- ins of the deceased. as deacon, and Rev. Francis O'Shea, acting pastor of the Immaculate Concep- tion church. sub-deacon.
 Seated in the sanctuary were: Reverends Eugene P. Cryne, pastor of St. Patrick's church, John P. Kennedy, pastor of St. Thomas church; Thomas P. Mulcahy, pastor of SS. Peter and Paul church: Felix Scoglio, pastor of St. Lucy's church, Bernard Foster and William Wirkus of St. Patrick's church, George Reilly, John Costello and Joseph Rice of the Immaculate Conception church and Bernard Finnegan, S. J., of Boston college.
 The honorary pallbearers were: It. Governor Frank Hayes, John E. Bulger, exalted ruler of the Elks, George T. Ryan, president of the Irish American club, D. T. Earring ton, ST., Frank J. Green, secretary of the chamber of commerce and Theobald Conway Frank E. Ryan of Meriden and Frederick J. Carr. Cousins Pallbearers
 The active pallbearers, all cousins of the deceased, included: Cornelius Shanahan, Harold Shanahan, Frank Corrigan, Edward Corrigan, James Moran and Frank Carroll.
 A delegation representing the Irish American auxiliary included: Mrs. w. Martin, Mrs. Thomas Reidy, Mrs. M. Shugrue and Mrs. B. Tracy.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-12-27
FOURTH DEATH IN
 BARRACKS FIRE

Waterbury, Vt., Dec. T.-OP).- A fourth death had resulted today from a fire that levelled a wooden barracks at Camp Smith yesterday.
 Lieutenant Charles H. Brooks of Northfield died of burns at a Mont- pelier hospital last night. Other vic- tims were Captain Edwin H. Booth by, Watertown, Mass, Captain Ro- land D. Potter, Northfield, and Lieutenant Leonard B. Bushey, Con- cord, N. H.
 They and two fellow army re- serve officers were trapped by swift ly spreading flames and were fatally burned before they could be dragged to safety. The two survivors were Lieutenants Charles G. Howard of Augusta, Me, and Sylvester M Parshley of Wolfeboro, N. H., who suffered lesser burns and injuries.
 Fourteen other officers escaped through doors and windows.
 A military investigation was start ed by Colonel Henry J. Smith, con- mander of the sixth eco area.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-12-27

Sixteen drivers have been sum- moned to appear at hearings to be held by the state motor vehicle de- partment in the city court room next Tuesday morning at 10:3O o'clock. Seven of those slated to ap- pear are Waterburians.
 Those summoned include:
 Complaint Stephen Slevinsky of Bridgeport, Tony Orso of 642 Bank street, Thomas Loughlin of South Britain, and Michael Feb brerriello of Torrington.
 Operating under influence - Harry Pietrobono of 384 South Main street, Stephen Curtiss of Middle bury.
 Violation of rules - Emery Mol leur of 565 Sylvan avenue.
 Accident-Edward Emil Limmer of Meriden (witness only), Joseph R. Sloss, of Fulton Park avenue, AL fred Milton of Torrington.
 Fatal accident-Frank Bavone ot Oakville, Charles Evancho of Nau- gatuck.
 Overloading-Joseph Sanda of 72
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-12-27
CARD OF THANKS

We wish to express our most sim cere thanks to our relatives, friends and neighbors and especially the Shipping Dept, of Landers, Frary & Clark of New Britain, The Water bury Democrat, Inc, the Waterbury Women's Democratic Club, the Pro- gressive Card Club and the Forget Me-Not Club for their numerous acts of kindness and sympathy shown us during our recent be- reavement, the death of our beloved wife, mother and sister, Mrs. Cath crime Hahn.
 RANDOLPH V. HAHN & FAMILY.
 MRS. MARY DONOVAN.
 WALTER F. MEEHAN.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-12-27
NEW RESTAURANT
 OPENS TOMORROW
Raymond Cafeteria to Ob= serve 24=HOur Service;
 Opens at 7

The new Raymond Cafeteria and Restaurant, on the site of the Hod- son lunch at Exchange Place, will be opened to the public tomorrow according to an announcement ol the management today. The doors will be opened at ' o'clock tomor- row morning and from then on, 24 hour service will prevail.
 New equipment, together with la. bor and furnishings costing a total of approximately $50,000, have been installed to make the new establish mont one of the best appearing ill New England. The Raymond will feature a blue room with indirect lighting( in tap-room effect. Here waitresses will cater to patrons.
 In the cafeteria where self-service will be the style, all of the food will be on display. The management announced it will have variety oi 50 different kinds of sandwiches on the list. A handsome mahogany bar is erected near the front o1 the cafeteria display cases. The cafeteria is finished in vineereo panel with mirrors.
 Fifty employees will be at the service of the patrons in the new place. Four refrigeratros have beer installed ,one for meat and poultry one for vegetables, one for dairy products and one for beverages. The restaurant will maintain its owr bakery. A modern dish washing ma chine that sterilizes each dish, piece of silver and glassware, also has been installed.
 The kitchen has been completely renovated with modern equipment to handle all kinds of orders. A competent chef has been engaged tc serve tasty dishes.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-12-27
Prominent Citizens
 Present At Funeral
Funeral Rites for Miss May Katherine Lunny Largely
 Attended This Morning Mayor Was Present

Representatives of the Irish-A -Ameri- can club headed by Edward Lough- rain, included P. J. Delaney, Fran cis c. O'Donnell and Henry E. Smithwick.
 Out of town friends and relatives included: Mrs. Mary Donegan and Mrs. A. Mcintyre of New York City; Mrs. c. A. Forestall, Mrs. J. o. Bry- zinski of Brooklyn, N. Y, MT. and Mrsfl William Carroll, ST., MT. and Mrs. William Carroll, Jr., MT. and Mrs. Harold Carroll of West Haven Miss Mae c. Lunny, Miss Dorothy Lunny of New York City, Mrs. Ro- land Phillips, MT. and Mrs. Harry Grunell and Jeremiah Squires of Stafford Springs.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-12-27

MONAGHAN - Kathleen Mary, three weeks old daughter of James and Elizabeth Sheehy Monaghan, died this morning at her home, 49 Sylvan avenue. The funeral will be held tomorrow afternoon at 2 o'clock. Burial will be ill the family plot in new St. Joseph's cemetery.
 PLOURDE-Mrs Catherine CDi- Brigida) Plourde, 29 wife of Felix Plourde, of Scott road, died last evening at Cedarcrest sanitarium. Mrs. Plourde was born in New Ha- ven and came here 20 years ago.
 Besides her husband she leaves a son, Joseph Plourde, her parents, MT. and Mrs. Antonio DiBrigida, TWO brothers, Ralph DiBrigida of Waterbury, and Joseph of Doyles- town, Pa, eight sisters, Mrs. Dor otty Hall, Mrs. Felix Mangini, Mrs. Anthony DiMartino, Mrs. Mack Black and Carmela, Anna, Elsie and Mary DiBrigida.
 The funeral will be held from the Colasanto funeral nome, 934 Bank street tomorrow morning at 8:30 o'clock to Our Lady of LourdeS church where a mass of requiem will be celebrated at g o'clock. Burial will be in Calvary cemetery.
 CARPENTER Harry Conklin Carpenter, 65, died early yesterday morning at his home in Elizabeth, N. J. MT. Carpenter was superin- tendent of the Seymour Brass Co.,, for several years and until 12 years ago, making many friends among factory executives throughout the Naugatuck valley.
 Funeral services will be held Sat- urday afternoon at Elizabeth with burial there.
 Mir. Carpenter is survived by his wife, Mrs. Elva Carpenter; two ne- phews, William A. and Harry w. Carpenter; two grand-nephews, William T. and Douglas Carpenter, all of this city except Mrs. Carpen- ter: two nieces, Mrs. c. H. Shove and Mrs. John Finn, both of Che shire.
 YALE - Mary A. Yale, GA, wife of Clarence D. Yale died this morn ing at her home 80 Oakwood ave- nue, Oakville. She was born in Unionville, Conn.,, but had made her home here for the past forty years. Mrs. Yale was member of the Union Congregational church in Oakville and was also a member of
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-12-27
BOMBERS READY
 TO HIT VOLANCO
Natives Abandon Hawaii as Army Planes Stage
 Raids From Air

Hilo, T. H., Dec. 27.-(UP)-Na- tives singing and chanting hymns to Madame Pele, Hawaii's fire god- dess, abandoned their stations at the foot of Mauna Loa volcano today as F U. S. army bombing planes prepared to go aloft and fight the menace of advancing lava flows with aerial bombs.
 For more than month the 14,- 900 foot volcano's fire pits have been erupting flame, gas and lava in one of the most prolonged and extensive displays in memory of island inhabitants.
 If conditions permit, the army planes will drop 30 tons of high explosive bombs ill an effort to plug the holes in the earth from which the lava streams are pouring and to divert the flow from its pres- ent course, paralleling and gradu- ally advancing upon the Wailuku river, principal source of the city of Hilos water supply.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-12-27
FUNERALS

Funeral services for Mary Nancy McPartland were held at 2 o'clock this afternoon III the Walk CT funeral home, 12O1 Chapel street, New Haven. Burial was In the St.. Lawrence cemetery, New Haven.
 The funeral of George Stavros will be held from the Bergln fu- neral nome, 2yU East Nam street, with ServlceS in the Greek OrCho- dox church on Maple street at 2 o'clock tomorrow afternoon. Burial will be In the Pine Grove ceme- tery.
 Funeral services for Mrs. Mary Clarke, widow of John c. Clarke, were held in the Alderson fu- neral home, 70 Central avenue, at 2 o'clock this afternoon, Rev. John R. Coombs officiating. Burial was in the old Pine Grove cemetery.
 Funeral services for Sallie Mar garet Durfee were held in the Hall Memorial chapel yesterday afternoon with burial in River side cemetery.
 The funeral of Mrs. Katherine A. Grady of 1926 Bank street will be held fro mthe Bergin funeral home, 29O East Main street tomorrow mor- ming at 8:3O o'clock to St. Patricks' church where a solemn mass of re- quiem will be celebrated at g o'clock. Burial will be in new St. Joseph's cemetery.
 The Cleaners society of St. Pat rick's church will meet at the fun eral home this evening at 8:30 o'clock for prayers.
 Funeral services for Mrs. Esther (Cobley) Hampson will be held at the Alderson funeral home, 70 Gen. tral avenue, tomorrow afternoon at 2 o'clock. Burial will be in Pine Grove cemetery. Rev. Samuel A. Budde will officiate. Friends may call this afternoon from 3 to 5 o'clock and this evening from 2 to g o'clock.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-12-27
INJURED FATALLY

Oxford, Conn, Dec. 27.--UP)- John B. Graboski, 31, garage pro- prietor, was injured fatally when his tow-car got out of control on curve, ripped through highway fence and overturned late yesterday He died enroute to hospital.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-12-27
HE WAS THROWN ASIDE

Chicago, Dec. 27.-CUP)-Mrs. Alice Hayden, 9, shot herself to death beside her baby's crib on Christmas night so that her hus- band, James, g, would be free 10 marry 18-year old Josephine Car den. whom he told his wife he loved more than he did her.
 Today Josephine said Hayden was "just another of her boy friends" and that she would not marry him.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-12-27

DIED
 JACOBS-In this city. Dec. 27, 1885. Charles B. Jacobs of 22 Clinton St. Funeral Saturday afternoon at 2:30 o'clock from 22 Clinton street. Burial in Newark, Delaware. MEZZIO-In this city, Dec. 26, 1885. Joseph Mezzio of 330 South Main street, Naugatuck. Funeral Dec, 2S at 10:S0 o'clock, from 33O South Francis church. Burial in St. James cemetery, Naugatuck. MUNSON-In this city, Dec. 26. 1885. William F. Munson of 591 Colum- bia Boulevard Extension. Funeral Dec. 30 at S:15 o'clock, from Null vile funeral home to St. Michael's church. Burial in old Pine Grove cemetery.
 PLOURDE-In this city. Dec. 26, 1885. Mrs. Catherine Plourde of Scott Road. Funeral tomorrow morning at S:30 o'clock from Col asanto funeral home, 932 Bank street to Our Lady of Lourdes' church. Burial in Calvary ceme- tery.
 POPERNICK-In this city, Dec. 26, 1885. Mrs. Anna Demko Popernick of 142 Cooke street. Funeral Dec. 2S at S:30 o'clock, from 142 Cooke street to Russian Orthodox church. Burial in Russian and Greek Cath ollie cemetery.
 SUMMA-In this city, Dec. 27, 1885. Antoinetta Longo Summa of l3 Branch street. Funeral Monday morning at 9:30 o'clock from IS Branch street to St. Lucy's church. Burial in Calvary cemetery. YALE--In this city, Dec. 27. 1885. Mary A. Yale of so Oakwood ave- nue, Oakville. Funeral Sunday af- ternoon at 2;30 o'clock. Union Com greRational church. Burial in Ev- ergreen cemetery, Watertown.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-12-27
Sixteen Operators Are
 Summoned ToHearing
Seven Waterburians Included in Number Notified for
 Various Reasons Hearing Tuesday Morning

South Leonard street.
 To determine if the financial re- sponsibility requirement. shall be eliminated-Paul Ives of 13l Sco- will street, and Joseph Fasano of 363 Berkeley street.
 Four men and a woman were ar- rested by Waterbury police this aft- ernoon and held is material witt nesses. They are detained without bond for the coroner and were be- ing questioned this afternoon.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-12-27
OBITUARY ..

the Pythian Sisters of this city and the Sunshine Society.
 She is survived by her husband; :; one son, LeRoy Henry Yale of this city: one daughter, Mrs. William Saxenhauser of this city two grand children, four sisters, Mrs. F. O. Landon of Bantam, Mrs. Harriett Donovan of Hartford, Mrs. William Clark of this city and Mrs. Merton Taylor of PlantSville, Conn.
 The body was removed to the AL derson Funeral Home. 70 Central avenue where friends may call to- morrow between and o'clock and 2 and g o'clock. Funeral services will be conducted on Sunday after noon at 2:30 o'clock at the Union Congregational church ill Oakville Rev. Oscar Locke officiating. Burial will be in Evergreen cemetery. Wa tertown.
 CALDWELL-Mrs. Ellen Quigley Caldwell, wife of James s. Caldwell of PIP Ashley street, Hartford, died yesterday afternoon at her home Mrs. Caldwell was born in Ireland daughter of the late John and Eller Dunn Quigley and had lived in Hart ford IA years. She reisded prior tc that time in this city.
 She is survived by two daughters Miss Mary c. Caldwell, R. N., at the St. Francis hospital Hartford and Mrs. Loretta c. Clinch. Hart ford; three sons, James and Thomas of Hartford and William Quigley ot Bridgeport; seven grandchildren.
 The funeral will be held from the home on Ashley street, Hartford, al 10:30 o'clock tomorrow morning with a solemn high mass in St. Jo- seph's cathedral at Il o'clock. Bur- ial will be in the Mt. St. Benedict cemetery there.
 JACOBS-Charles B. Jacobs, 3rd six year old son of Charles B. anc Elsie Hubert Jacobs died suddenly this morning at his home 9 Clintor street. He attended All Souls church and was a member of tht primary class of the Sunday school Besides his parents he leaves, ont sister, Lucy; his grandmother, Mrs Charles B. Jacobs of this city; hi. grandparents, MT. and Mrs. Charle. c. Hubert of Newark, Delaware ane his great grandmother, Mrs. Cath. crime Good of Baltimore, Md.
 The funeral will be held on Sat. urday afternoon at 2:30 o'clock iron the home, Rev. Samuel Budde of. ficiating assisted by Rev. Dr. JameI E. Gregg. Further services anC burial will take place in Newark Delaware on Monday.
 SUNIMA-Antoinette Longo Sum ma, 28, wife of Joseph Summa, diet this morning at her home, 13 Brancl street after a brief illness. She wa born in Italy but came to thi country when year old. For tn, first ten years she made her hom, in Walthamville, Pa, and for tn, past seventeen years in this city Mrs. Summa was we'll known anC had a host of friends who will b, deeply grieved to learn of her death
 Besides her husband she is sur. vived by her mother, Mrs. Carmels Longo; four brothers, Michael Lawrence, John and Alfred Longo three sisters, Mrs. Costantino San
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-12-27

MEZZIO-Joseph Mezzio, 39, of 330 South Min street, Naugatuck died yesterday at Waterbury hos pital after a short illness. MT. Mez- zio was employed at the Naugatuck Chemical O., plant for the past nine years.
 The funeral will be held from the home at 10:30 o'clock tomorrow morning, with a high mass in St Francis church at II o'clock. Bur- ial will be in St. James cemetery
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-12-27
CARD OF THANKS

We wish to thank our many friends, relatives and neighbors, in particular, Mayor Hayes, Supt. Me- Lean, City officials and the Water bury Police Association for their many sets of kindness and sym bereavement, the death of our be- loved father.
 Signed:
The Coolidge examiner., 1935-05-31
BOULDER LAKE NEARLY
SO MILES LONG NOW

Boulder lake is fast
growing at the rate Of
nearly one-half mile per day.
and Is now nearly so miles
in length. according 70 re-
ports from the bureau of
reclamation officials.
The flow of the Colorado
river rose during the past "a
hours nearly 1900 second
feet. according 10 reports
from the Bright Angel
checking station. which
showed the river was runn-
ing at the rate of &c. 300
second feet. Wednesdays
report showed 23.700 Sc
cond feet. The water sur
face on that day was official
~ given as being at eleva-
ton 7S8.2.-Mohave Miner.
The Coolidge examiner., 1935-05-31

Garden hose S1.85 and up.
Davis.
The Coolidge examiner., 1935-05-31
SCHOOL GIRL PLACES
IN PIONEER CONTEST

Word has been received
here that Patricia DAILY.
junior at the Chandler high
school. was winner of second
place in the Pioneer contest
ponsored by the English de-
pGrtment Of the Arizona
State Teachers college at
Flagstaff. The Rock
House" written By Miss
DAILY. was the experience of
her aunt. one of the children
Of the Rock House.
Prize winners are 20 be
given a two-day visit 10 the
college al Flagstaff. In ad-
dition. other activities have
been planned while there.
Chandler Arizonan.
The Coolidge examiner., 1935-05-31
ARIZONA NOTES

tFrom Our Exchanges
The Coolidge examiner., 1935-05-31
Recruiting for Fl. Bliss

Ft. Bliss, Texas, at Ell
Paso. largest regular army
post in the Southwest, is &C
cepting recruits, according
TO late advices from the post.
Men are needed for all
the organizations the larg-
est requirements being for
the Seventh Cavalry, Eighth
Cavalry, and Eighty-second
Field Artillery. A few men,
The Coolidge examiner., 1935-05-31
And Pin Rose on McPhee

That fan dancer who drop
ned her fan at the 20-30 par
- Friday night also dropped
q lot of hard luck for the
promoters. Girls, If you
must use q fan use il. don't
drop Mesa Journal-Tri-
bune.
The Coolidge examiner., 1935-05-31
FLORENCE

generally with special quail
fications. are required for the
Armored Car Squadron, the
Quartermaster Corps. the
Medical Department, the
Ordnance. and the Signal
Corps.
The Coolidge examiner., 1935-05-31
ANNUAL SMOkI DANCE
AT PRESCOTT JUNE 10

The annual Smoki dances
and ceremonies will be
staged al Prescott on Sunday,
June 10. climaxing in the
world famous Smoki snake
dance.
Visitors are invited 10 see
the new Smoki public
museum. The Smoki grand
ball will be held AT Granite
Dells Sunday evening at 9
o'Clock.-Arizona Record,
Globe.
The Coolidge examiner., 1935-05-31
Read This News And Save

Have just purchased
thirty-five Elgin and Wal
ham watches TO sell at four
ninety-eight; one week only.
See window.-Sheller's Jew
elry Shop.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-05-24

confession" that which Catholics
technically refer 70 as the Sac
rament Of Penance. Catholics be-
lieve this is the ordinary means
appointed by Christ for the re-
mission Of sins. They believe that
God alone has power to forgive
sins, but that God exercises this
power through the duly authorized
priest who acts. not as an indi-
vidusl. but as the minister of God
on earth. The implication that
the Sacrament of Penance is a
human invention. introduced by
some Pope. is untrue. II any Pope
had dared to introduce such
procedure he would have been
cried down by the Universal
Church as the introducer of an
innovation.