davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-08-01
Black PortridSe Sdvins Mrs. HELM,

ern shores of Lake Huron where the early
French explorers first found them. Their tribal
name is written large in the history of the Old
Northwest-as allies of the French in the wars
with the English and as aids of Pontiac in his
vain attempt to halt the advance of the Briton
after he had wrested control of North America
from the Frenchman. During the Revolution,
however, they sided with Great Britain In her
against her rebellious colonies and again
in 1872 they took up the Ratchet against the
Americans. Although many an American from
tiersman had felt the wrath of the Pottawato-
miles, it was the Fort Dearborn massacre on Au-
gust Is, 1872, which wrote the name of the Fire
Nation in red in the annals of the United States
Just as the Pottawatomies were great as
people, so were some of their chiefs and warriors
outstanding among those Indians whose names
are recorded in the white mans history. There
was Makahta-penashe, "The Black Bird" fierce
leader in the massacre of Dearborn's hapess
garrison. There was Winamac "The Catfish"
who boasted of his part in the tragedy until
Spemicalawba, the Shawnee friend of the white
men, killed him and ended his boasting. And
there was Pesotum the slayer of the famous
Capt. William Wells and one of those who cut
out and ate the heart of that gallant frontiers
man to win for themselves some of his courage
But not all of the Pottawatome names con-
nected with the massacre connote savage cruelty
UT there WAS IOplDdDee WHO ITleu TO restrain
the murderous fury of the young braves, and
Wa-baun-see and that other Winamac or Winnie
meg, who tried in vain to save Wells after he
had been wounded Incidentally, it was this
same Wnamac who brought the fatal order for
the evacuation of Fort Dearborn from General
Hull to Captain Head and whose fame is per-
petuated in the city of Winamac Ind.)
Be 1t remembered also that it was a Potta-
tonne chieftain, Makata-pake "The Black Part
ridge" who saved Mrs. Helm, the wife of young
lieutenant of the garrison, from warriors scalp
ing knife and who later buried the remains of
Captain Wells Then there were Sauganash
Chilly CaldwelD and Che-chu- pinquay (Alexan-
der Robinson)-half breeds but Pottawatomie
chiefs, nevertheless saved the lives of more
than one white man that day.
Nor can the roll call of the outstanding Potta-
Metea, their great orator, Big Foot, whose home
village is now the resort town of Lake Geneva
Wis., and Shabbona Cor Shabonee), he who was
Built Like Bear" the peace chief of the tribe
1t was Shabbona who proudly bore the title of
Friend of the White Man" and proved his right
to it during the Winnebago and Black Hawk
uprisings, not only by keeping his people from
going the warpath but by risking his life
more than once to warn settlers that the hostiles
were coming.
The passing Of the Pottawatomies took place
full century ago but the fame of such men as
these will help keep alive the name of the Fire
Nation" for generations to come
@Western Newspaper Union.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-08-01
Chicago's Amazing Growth

The amazing growth of Chicago has been one
of the epics of American history No other city
in history has attained anything like the magni-
tude Of the city in so short a time, due princi-
pally to it's strategic position as commercial
center
Even before the coming of white settlers, the
place was rendevOuz for various Indian tribes
and favOrite meeting place for voyagers and
traders. In 1873 both Marquette and Joliet
stopped here for a few days. and the former
spent most Of the winter of 1674-75 in the local.
ity. Later it was visited by La Sale, Hennepin
and others, and a map published in Quebec
in 1856, it was designated as Fort Chicagou,
which would seem to indicate the existence thus
early of trading post
Jean Baptiste Point de Sable a mulatto refu-
gee from Haiti, who came about 1779, is gener-
ally considered the first settler. In 1896 he sold
his cabin to LIE Maj, French fur-trader, who
in turn sold out early in 1904 to John Kinzie,
the first white man of American birth to make
his home in the locality.
The military Importance of the place was
quickly recognized by the government, which In
1875 forced the Indians to cede a tract of land
"six miles square at the mouth of the Chicago
river" and later in 1904 erected Fort Dearborn
on the south bank of the river near its mouth.
In 1880 the town was laid out, and the first
map, dated August 4, gives its area as three
eighths Of square mile There we're then
twelve families living in the town. Three years
later Chicago was Incorporated a town, its
population being $50, and its area $50 acres;
and in 1887, then having 4,170 inhabitants 1t
was chartered as city. Today, the city has
population of more than 100000, and occupies
an area of nearly 200 square miles.
Early settlers were quick to see the CONNER
cial advantages of the city, As early as 1885
construction was begun on the Illinois and
Michigan canal which was finished in 1S4S. In
the same year, the first railroad, the Chicago and
Galena Union, was completed, and four years
later the Michigan Southern and the Michigan
Central, the first roads leading to the East, en-
tered the city and provided new outlets for the
products Of the great Middle West
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-08-01
Sahara's immensely

In Africa are natural wonders
which almost challenge belief. The
Sahara, vast waste of rock, gravel
and sand, is so big it would hold the
entire continental United States.
The reason it is a desert at all Is.
simply stated, that the wind blows
in the wrong direction-down from
the dry heart of Central Asia instead
of from the moisture-giving ocean.
The temperature changes so sharply
at nightfall that travellers who have
suffered in the blazing heat find
themselves shivering under blankets.
This immense area of desolation
served as highly effective shield
which long protected Central Africa
from overland exploration from the
north.-Gilbert Grosvenor in the Ma
tional Geographic Magazine.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-08-01
TALL" TALES OF
HUMAN MARVELS
Folklore Is Responsible for
Stories of Giants?

A recent dispatch from India re-
porting that natives have found
bones Of giants skeleton no less
than 81 feet high has torn up all
records of this particular myth. Not
even the imaginative Doctor Ma
zurier. who fabricated in 1913 the
circumstantial tale of brick tomb
not only containing his giant, but
provided with equally gigantic
swords and other weapons, and even
labeled with the name and titles
which the giant had borne, dared to
make his imagined relic more than
20 feet tall. The famous Giant of
Lucerne, who involved scores of
Swiss and German scientists in acri-
monious controversies from 1877 I'M
til after 1000, was credited with only
10 feet. England's Giant of Thorne-
way, in Cumberland, said to have
been found in armor which has con-
veniently disappeared, measured but
IA feet, by contemporary accounts.
No doubt the new 31-foot marvel
Of Calcutta belongs with these 9TH
ers among the long list of confusions
between human bones and those of
fossil animals, mostly elephants. A
few thousand years ago several
types of elephants, such as the man.
moths and mastodons, were much
more numerous and widespread than
any kind of elephant is today. Be
ing comparatively recent in geologic
history, their bones lie close to the
ground and frequently are found by
diggers or plowed up by farmers,
something which is not true of bones
of still larger animals Of earlier
ages, such as the gigantic dinosaurs.
Some elephants leg bones look su-
perficially not unlike human bones. 1t
Is small wonder that they and hui
man giants have been confused, al
though even in 1920 the famous
William Harvey remarked of the
supposed Giant of Gloucester that
his bones evidently belonged in real
ity to some exceedingly great beast,
such as an elephant" There is less
excuse for Doctor Mazurier's manu-
facture out Of whole cloth of the
brick tomb, weapons and inscrip-
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-08-01

ably originated the tale of the fast
moving seven-league boots. Still an
other possible origin of giant myths
is garbled tales Of men standing on
towers or platforms, like the NOV
able siege towers used In ancient
warfare. And perhaps some giant
myths date from days when relative
ly short races, such as the Celts,
were In conflict with relatively tall
ones, like the Danes or Saxons. But
not even folklore has recorded
giants 81 feet high.-New York Her.
aid Tribune.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-08-01

lions which he said he found with
the 26-foot previous holder Of the
giant record.
To students Of folklore these mis-
conceptions about elephant bones
supply one possible explanation Of
the virtually worldwide belief that
giants once existed, but not the only
one. Another suggestion is the
recollection by primitive people Of
other human beings able to walk on
stills, as fen jewellers still do In
eastern England or dune jewellers in
southwestern France. Thus prob
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-08-01
BY ELMO SCOTT WATSON

' EKHEAD the Shrek OF iron WnetIS
on iron rails cuts through the bang
ing, rafting roar as an az" train
rounds a curve and grindS to a
stop. Down below the changing of
street car bells, the honking of
automobile horns, the shouts Of
newsboys add to the bedlam.
Through this canyon of steel and
stone flows an endless stream of
hurrying humanity and raucous
traffic. For this is Lake street, the
The Washington times., 1935-12-05
MERIT SYSTEM
DEFENSE PUSH
UNDER WAY
BY ]. EARLE MOSER


Definite steps for concentrated
campaign in defense of the merit
system in Government service
were being drafted today by high
ranking officials of the National
Federation of Federal Employees,
following the initial meeting OF
the annual Educational Forum Of
the organization last night at Dis
trict headquarters.
A strong possibility that other
legislative demands will be tenn.
porarily sidetracked was indicated
by Secretary-Treasurer Gertrude
M. McNally, who cooperated with
DR.. j. Franklin Meyer of the Blu
reau of Standards, chairman of the
forum, in conducting the meeting
and explaining just W a tn e
merit idea is.
Miss McNally, explaining the is
sue, said that never before, since
the organization has been in exist
ence, have so many letters poured
into national headquarters from
membership interested in preSerV-
ing merit principles in the Civil
Service" and added that many
actually urge complete sidetrack'
ing of other issues until spoils
dangers have been ohliterated.
Many employees, she said, be-
lieve more money would be saved
by a properly administered merit
system than by a pay raise, be-
cause of t h e political contribu'
tions many workers make through
fear of their jobs under the spolls
menace. She indicated Govern
ment workers must make up their
minds and hit hard during the
coming Hill session. 1T will be
q short session and there is lot
to accomplish" she concluded.
A laugh rewarded DR.. Herbert
Smith, assistant forester of the
U. S. Forest Service, when he
described the patronage appointee
who kept a saloon near the forest
preserve he was supposed to over
see. Every morning, DR.. Smith jok-
ingly related, the saloon-keeper-
ranger climbed up on the roof OF
his saloon, took a cursory look at
the miles of trees stretching over
the valley below him, then wrote
in his diary, Inspected forest to-
day."
The forum, organized seven
years ago by Ulrey j. Blller, ma.
tional vice president and its
chairman for the first five years
Of it's existence, plans an ex.
tended educational program for
membership based on several
authoritative publications released
recently on personnel.
The books, which are to be dis.
cussed at future meetings. are
Better Government Personnel" :"
by the committee of inquiry on
Government personnel; &C Gov-
ernment Career Service" by Civil
Service Commissioner Leonard D.
White; Training For the Public
Service" edited by Morris B.
The Washington times., 1935-12-05
The Rent Question

With housing congestion ap-
parently rising each month, the
rent committee of the Washing
ton Central Labor Union has is
sued a call for a conference on
local rents and the low-cost hous-
ing problem at the Typographical
Temple, 423 G st. N. W.. at 8
p. m. Tuesday. A considerable
number of Government employees
serve as delegates from various
organizations to the Central Labor
Union,
The Washington times., 1935-12-05
Labor Discussion

The Federation of Architects,
Engineers, Chemists and Techni-
clans has scheduled a meeting TO-
night at $40 F ST. N. W., at 8
p. m, with a discussion of the
history of labor in the United
States comprising the main issue.
Elections of a vice president Of
the Washington 'hapter and a
delegate to the national executive
council meeting in New York, De-
cember %, also will be held, and
the organizations grievance com.
mittee is to report.
The Washington times., 1935-12-05

Lambie for the Public Admins.
tration Clearing House of Chi.
cago, and Trained Personnel for
Public Service" by Katherine A.
Frederic of the League of Women
Voters
The Washington times., 1935-12-05
Turkey Dinner at Church

SILVER SPRING, Md, Dec. S.
A turkey dinner for benefit of st.
Michael's Catholic Church will be
held in the church basement to-
night, from 5 until 8 O'Clock.
The Washington times., 1935-12-05
Union Conference

Members of the Veterans Ad.
ministration branch of the N. F.
F. ELS Local No. 2 will meet to-
night at o'clock, ITO Fourteenth
St, N, w.
The Washington times., 1935-12-05
Gowns or Pajamas

Superior quality. style
and workmanship at
a very low price.
Sizes 10 and II.
The Washington times., 1935-12-05
Pure Silk Gowns

Newest tailored styles
in magnolia, tea rose A
or blue. Sizes IS -
and II. -
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-06-27
A Thought for Today
Interesting And True

Some facts have recently been brought to light in study of motor fuels ana their cost which should interest most motorists. It has long been our conten- kon that all forms of government are cog nizant of the fact that motor car oper- ation affords an easy means to levy cef- tain types of taxes. It was the state that first discovered that small tax on gaso- line paid by the consumer would bring Tn enormous revenue in the course of twelve months. There isn't state now that doesn't impose tax. Connecticut had the honor of offering the lowest one until she advanced it to three cents at the session of the Legislature just ended.
 How many people realize that this ad- vance in the Connecticut tax was put through to take up the slack caused by being generous to the motor car owner in the matter of registrations? This state has been notorious for years for its high costs of registration and it's antiquated system of estimating this cost per vehicle. There has been fight for many years to substitute something else that would give the motorist chance to enjoy his vehicle twelve months of the year without fear ot running into debt by such operation.
 The U. s. Bureau of Public Roads re- gently conducted a survey which revealed that the average motorist uses 600 gallons of gasoline annually. Your added cent tax in Connecticut increases his bill S6 and that's just about the reduction that he has been given in his registration fee. It's odd that since 1920 fuel prices have dropped 60 per cent, but on the other hand taxes on it have advanced 5000 per cent. That seems almost incredible but the facts substantiate it. The Federal Trade Commission recently said: "rhe combined rate of state and federal sales tax on gasoline, ranging from cents per gallon in some states to 8 cents in others, amounts to an average of about 5.15 cents per gallon and costs the consumers of gas oline approximately $700,000,000 a year" Significant figures, MT. Motorist
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-06-27
Can't Overlook It

Any stream purifcation program that is carried out in Connecticut may have to proceed without federal aid, according to Senator Augustine Lonergan. He isn't quite so sure so say recent dispatches, that any such work can be done with part of the S5,000,000,000 fund now being made available at Washington. Stream notification work calls for extensive sewer laying. This type of project calls for a heavy outlay for materials, but not so much for men aNd this is opposed to the present federal olicy.
 Information was forthcoming at the Capital last week that $350,000,000 was available for stream purification, flood control soil erosion, and the like, but the same information contained the remark that no definite amounts had been ear marked for each distinct type of work. NO doubt very shortly some sort of program involving every state in the union will De / announced, but it begins to look as II Connecticut would again get the dirty end of the stick.
 We are almost convinced that only states through which big rivers pass will get the gravy. That's where the gigantic river reclamation schemes will go into ef- feet. Even New England's Connecticut river might be overlooked in this set-up. As for such river valleys as the Nauga- tuck, Housatonic or Thames in Connectl- cut, well, they're out of the picture. They don't fit into the picture as it looks at this distance Still purifcation of streams IS as vital to-day as it ever will be. The longer we let it go, the more it will cost us in the long run. A wonderful opportunity is at hand for the federal government to re- claim every polluted river in the nation.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-06-27
Mayor Acted In Good Faith

There is none, we think, but who will agree, as far as the custer decision against the newly appointed registrars upon the part of the court IS final, and from now on will be closed book 1t would be interesting to see what the ruling of the supreme court would be, but by the time that could be given, the matter of regis trars for the next two years or more Will have been affected anyway by the coming fall election.
 Moreover, we think that more than one citizen of Waterbury, when the time comes to do it with votes, will resent the implication on the part of those seeking the custer that Mayor Hayes did not act in good faith during all stages of the proceedings. The "strong-mayor" charter upon whose acts he based his actions was valid grounds in his estimation, but appar- ently not the courts. To him, no doubt, the charters invalidity is greater surprise than the net result-apparently another scrap of paper.
 The Waterbury American and Republi- can have repeatedly inferred that Mayor Hayes has all the way through these pro- ceedings tried to anticipate the courts rulings. We seriously doubt if the mayor really was half as interested in the re- taining or naming of the registrars as those papers were in seeing them removed, onl, that the mayor, if, as he thought, It was within his jurisdiction, was going to exercise his authority as he saw fit. Who wouldn't?
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-06-27

active anti. Catholics in tine new cabinet. r
 The background of the Car- denas-C Gales row Is as old as the history of man. It is the story of the effect of wealth on mans political and social phil. osophy.
 Gales, when revolutionary leader of Mexico, was as. poor as the poorest peon. He came from the soil. He went on to great things. He became the wealthiest man in the land. His revenues derived from various monopolies, ostensibly owned by , the government, but actually controlled by Gales.
 As a revolutionary leader, Gales was the champion of labor unions. Labor could do no wrong ], against American companies. But now he Is q capitalist. Also lie Is the enemy and critic of labor. Strikes and high wages interfere with his profits.
 2 Hence the rift with Cardenas, who has supported labor.
 Gales Is both anti-labor and anti. Catholic. He has been the center of anti.Catholic activity.
 Merry.G .G0.Round
 The spectacular boom in the sale of passenger cars has ob- scured the fact that truck sales also went skyward. Tn the first five months of the year, 202,s52 trucks were sold. This Is tho second largest number ever sold in the same period. The high est was 21S,07s in 1929. Govern mont purchases of 40,000 vehicles aided materially in boosting this years sales New York's hard hitting Representative Vito Marcantonio was pestered for five months by constituent in search of q government job be- fore the man was willing to bee lieve that Marcantonio was Q re- publican with no patronage to distribute Among other intriguing exhibits on the walls of the Treasury press room are two checks. One, signed by "A. w. Mellon" Is for one bil- lion dollars; the other, signed by Samuel Insuil" is for 37 bill. lion dollars. Both checks are made out to Press Room, Treas ury," and are written'in the same handwriting EZRA em- ployes who moved into the Washington Auditorium are com plaining about the overpowering smell of liniment. The auditorium Is the arena for Capital wrestl- ing matches Maiden speech of Representative Michael Stack not delivered but inserted in the Congressional Record-contains this unique eulogy of his home- town, Philadelphia: "Its cradle rocked the spark of liberty"
 (COpyright, 1885, by United .Fea-
 ture Syndicate, Ins.)
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-06-27
The Aim Of The I. L. O.

Harold Butler, director of the Interna- tional Labor Organization at Geneva, told his fellow delegates the other day that international planning and action are needed" if we are to have an abundant life" sThere must be a genuine, not hy- pocritical, desire for international coop eration," he said. Tn the end it will be imposed by the logic of facts which will induce nations not to plan against each other, but with each other. That is not an inconceivable or even a very difficult idea.
 ssIt can be realized as soon as the will thereto exists. The world will then re- cover it's sense of interdependence which MT. Y0shisaka, the Japanese delegate, very truly called the key to social progress That is the aim which the IL.0 must hold steadily before it.
 "Its object is not merely ito prevent abuses, reduce accidents and disease in industry, eliminate hardshirs and distress It has more positive task in making possible . freer, better life for all those
The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-06-27
JUNE 30

JUNE 30 Most favored ones today those who were born from June 21 through July 21. General Indications of the Day for Everybody
 Morning-Far.
 Afternoon--Terrible.
 Evening-Cood. The sun Is eclipsed today. Be careful of the water and the food you eat.
 Today's Birthdate You may be interested in ships the water. Friends clubs and groups of people should be of much benefit to you during June 1886. You may meet strangers who suddenly become your friends.
 You should study very deeply travel to places of former association during January, 1936 Danger from fire accident rash action from November through II, 1885. Socially favorable for love interests from De- cember 13 3through IT, 1885. Guard your health and that of those close to you for the next three months. Readers desiring additional information regard ing their horoscopes are invited to communicate with Octavne in care of this newspaper. Enclose a cent stamped, self-addrcssed envelope.