davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-01

their families sent food to them
regularly. Because of the filth in
the jails and the fact that there is
no soap, many of the prisoners have
contracted skin diseases. There is a
prison hospital, but not drop of
medicine in it,
ThOusands OF Bed Bugs
The prison cells are alive with
vermin. Martinez described it.:
About ten thousand bed bugs and
lice to each cell but no cock
reaches. There was nothing for
them to eat. Or, perhaps the bed
bugs ate them"
He told me that Roumain and
the six other Haitisns held with
him had gone on strike December
20, refusing to see visitors in protest
against the action of the authorities
in compelling visitors to stay so far
away from the prisoners that a con-
versation could be carried on only
by shouting. All writing material
and books had been taken away
from the prisoners and they we're
permitted to send out letters only
if they were approved by the
warden.
When Martinez left, Roumain was
very sick with malaria.
Message from ROumain
Just before Martinez was released
Roumain asked him to bring the
following message to the Interna-
tional Labor Defense.
Il was arrested because I fought
for the freedom of Haiti. Only mass
protest, especially on the part of
workers and intellectuals in the
country whose imperialism OPP
presses Haiti, the United States, will
force the release Of myself and the
other victims of the Haitian terror,
I am sure that the International
Labor Defense will rally every
friend Of freedom in the United
States to answer our appeal for
help"
There is widespread resentment
throughout Haiti against the frame
up of Roumain and the other pris-
oners. With elections approach
ing, President Vincent is especially
alarmed at the proportions Of the
protest movement. A simultaneous
fight in the United States would
help tremendously in making the
Haitian gentleman who carry out
orders for Wall Street release the
valiant fighters for the freedom Of
Haiti.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-01

its tasks does not come into being
ready-made from the moment of
the formation of the first nucleus
towards such a party.
The proletarian revolutionary
party does not deserve the name
until it learns to connect leaders,
class, masses, into one indisSoIubIe
whole. cleft Wing" Commu-
nism. Oh, VIZ
The Communist Party is not the
first, but the last, highest form Of
proletarian class organization. 1t
grows and develops with the growth
and development of the working
class struggle.
1t is in this personal---very.
process of the marshaling and or
ganizing of the working class forces,
partial preparatory battles, crystal
lizing of the revolutionary advance
guard and winning of leadership in
the working class against the oppor-
tunist trends, that develop the null
Hilarious problems of tactics of the
pre-revolutionary period which
Lenin worked out in close detail
in the experience of the Bolshevik
Party up to 1917, and thereafter
transmitted this experience through
the Communist International to the
working class in other countries.
THIS experience and guidance
covers a series of problems, cen
tering round the relationship of the
party to the masses, and the con-
quest of the majority of the work
ing class: in particular, the role
of the trade unions and the rela-
ton of the party to the trade
unions and other mass organizations
Of the working class; the relation
OF the party to the semi proletariar
masses; the combination of lega
and Illegal activity; the utilization
of bourgeois parliaments and cleo.
tons, not for the purpose of spread
ing parliamentary illusions, but fol
the development of revolutionary
working class propaganda and or.
ganization; the role Of partial strug.
giles and demands, of reforms ('by.
products of the revolutionary clast
struggle"D, or retreats and maneu.
vers; the methods of the figh'
against opportunism, etc.
The great part of these tactica
problems, which come to the from
and are OF decisive Importance fol
advance in the pre-revolutionar!
period, continue and develop through
new forms also in the revolutionar!
and postrevolutionary periods.
Ito be continuedl
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-01
BY LUCILLE PERRY
Colonial Department
International Labor Defense

TEN officers armed with machine
l guns brought Roumain into
Court!"
The speaker was Antonio Mar
tinez, a seaman who had come up
to the National Office of the IN
ternational Labor Defense to tell
the story of his own arrest in Haiti
and that Of Jacques Roumain,
youthful leader of the Communist
Party of Haiti, recently sentenced
to three years Imprisonment, with
whom he shared a cell. Martinez
was arrested last August in Port au
Prince, one day before the arrest of
Roumain, when he went on shore
leave from a ship of the Columbia
Line on which he had shipped from
New York.
"They guarded him as if he were
a wild animal" Martinez continued.
He went on to tell of the farcical
trial Roumain was given by the
military tribunal. The young rev.
dictionary leader was charged with
importing arms and munitions into
Haiti. This charge was made by
Chief of Detectives Mode, who had
investigated Roumain's home and
gathered the discriminating" evil
dence. 1t consisted of such explo-
sive things as books and papers.
"Roumain asked Mode if he found
any arms. Mode said No But they
sentenced him to three years at
hard labor for introducing arms
into Haiti"
Just a Frame-up
"Of course there weren't any
arms" Martinez added, 1T was a
plain frame-up."
Later Roumain won an appeal
before the Court of Appeals. But
the court was afraid of the military
tribunal and upheld the decision.
After the trial, Roumain was
taken to the national penitentiary
where he was held incommunicado
for IS days. He is still there, to-
gether with j. Jolibois, c.. Petit, M.
Collard, M. Hudicourt and two other
political prisoners who we're arrested
shortly before Roumain and SEN
fenced to two years hard labor
and $1,000 fine each for having
printed and distributed an article
from the French paper, "Cri des
Negres."
I asked Martinez about his own
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-01

with democracy in the election and
control of higher organs and con-
scious participation of every mem
Der in the formulation and discus
sion of policy. This in turn requires
corresponding forms of organization,
the basing Of the party primarily
in the factories, the strongholds Of
the industrial working class, and in
the mass organizations of the trade
unions, etc.
ALL this conception marks a def
n mite break with the old, loose
type of parliamentary Social
Democratic parties common in the
pre-War Second International. In
the period after 1914 Lenin deliber-
ately broke with the name Social
Democratic Party which had al
ways been declared incorrect by
Marx and Engels, and which had
now become identified with the
traitor parties, and brought into use
again the original name used by
Marx and Engels and always de-
clared by them to be alone scien-
tifically correct, the Communist
Party"
A long process Of working class
struggle and experience, of partial
battles, victories and retreats, Of
developing organization, of conflicts
of tendencies, is necessary before the
working class forces are strong and
ready, and before the mass Com
munist Party with effective leader
ship has developed out of the strug-
gle, to be able to advance at the
favorable moment to the final over
throw of bourgeois power. The lead
ing Communist Party adequate to
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-01
Change
the
World!
BY MICHAEL GOLD

IT WAS day of binding steel winds and
icy pavements. New York had returned
to the primitive, and looked more like
bowling waste in the arctic circle than
big city. I dlifted into a coffee pot and
thawed out.
Some Of the usual taxi hacks hung around one
of the tables, forgetting their troubles. At
other table were bunch of cold, muffled-up men,
drinking coffee and arguing over the Lindbergh
case. They from the snow shovellng gang
that was fighting the storm outside the door.
Their noses were red, their eyes bleary and
haggard. They looked exhausted like men who
have just run away from a battle that has been
lost. Some wore rubbers, others wore leaky shoes
stuffed with paper. They were dressed like over
stuffed scarecrows; some in two old patched coats,
or sweaters; you could see they had put on every
thing they owned
In their old threadbare Clothes with cup of
coffee and two cruers under the belt, after months
Of bad thin imitation food, after years of unem-
ployment these men were out in the worst storm
New York has seen for twenty years. shovellng
snow.
Many of them were on the relief rolls. And
the Mayor, who is straining every nerve to pay
the Wall Street bankers their interest hs is what
he thinks he is in Office for), had forced them to
go snow shovelng,
The papers said several men had died of ex-
posture on the job. How many went to the hospitals
with pneumonia or flu will never be investigated
by the statisticians of Wall Street or City Hall
Human suffering is the cheapest and most common
place think in America today.
Somewhere in a steam-heated editorial Office
fat, booty prostitute of a newspaperman was scold-
ing and sneering at these people in the following
editorial words
"a lot Of relief recipients, listed as ready for
snow removal work as soon as there should be any
snow didn't turn out-because half of their so cents
an hour snow removal pay would be deducted from
their relief checks. Worse, lot of hard-up men
who have managed to keep of relief applied for
removal jobs but were turned away because
relief people have the preference for these jobs.
There is widespread feeling that relief is one
of the less successful features of the Fusion Ad-
ministration that the soft-boiled attitude of
relief officials is letting too many cadgers takers
and born desdbeats get the relief rolls and stay
on them. When relief becomes more attractive
than work in this snow removal episode, it is
time for q showdown"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-01
Lore Of Country

Lore Of Country
Question: In his speech at the Ienin Memorial
Meeting in Madison Square Garden. New York City.
Earl Browder said: We Communists love or coun-
try. with the same passionate love which Lenin
bore for Russia" Does this mean that Commit
nists stand for "nationslsm"?-S. S. Chicago.
Answer Communists are opposed to jingois5ic
nationaIsm political expression Of the ruling
class They fight for the international union Of
all toilers into an International Soviet. But they
are not opposed to a genuine love Of country, and
all that is fine and best in their countrys culture
and traditions. It is the workers who really love
their country; it is they who, in Comrade Browder's
words, are "the unchallenged heirs" to the revou-
tionary traditions of America
Capitalists have no love Of country. To them
it is something to be plundered and ruined for the
sake Of profits. The American capitalists are sell
ing munitions and other war supplies to the Japa-
nese imperiaHsts which will be used against Amer
lean workers in the event Of war During the last
imperialist British soldiers were killed by shells
sold to the German armies by British companies,
just as German soldiers were butchered by guns
sold to the Allied forces by the German munitions
makers
The capitalists do not love their country or its
traditions. They will at any moment sacrifice them
both for the sake Of an extra dollar Their lingo
istic slogans are raised for the purpose of mobiiz-
ing the nation behind their plans for imperalist
expansion and war. Against this reactonary ma
tionalism Communists fight. They point out to
the workers that to succumb to the kind Of
patriotism" preached by the Hearsts and other
capitalist jngoes is to aid in the enslavement Of
the working class, We must oppose the greed for
profit common to the ruling classes of all capital
ist countries with the international solidarity Of
the working class Of the world And to rescue our
country from the disaster which the capitalists are
DllnpluP it into the workers n he tad Gfafa
will employ the revolutionary solution that is not
something foreign to American history but repre-
sents the only vital and progressive trend in the
American tradition.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-01
CHAPTER III.
Teachings of Lenin

VIII.
At the center of Lenin's teaching
n on the tactics and organization
of the revolution is the conception
of the party, or conscious and or
gained vanguard of the working
class. This conception reaches a
development far more complete
than was possible in the epoch OF
Marx. In the period of the prole-
tartan revolution the workers rev.
dictionary party or Communist
Party has to face enormously more
developed tasks than in the pre-
ceding epoch. The party requires
to be "the organized political lever
by means of which the more adj
vanced section of the working class
leads the whole proletarian and
semi-proletarian mass" ("Theses of
the Second Congress of the Com
munist internationally.
The essence of the conception of
the party is the conception of
leadership; not leadership by a
handful of individuals, but leader
ship by an organic section Of the
working class, the most conscious,
revolutionary section, fighting in the
front rank and leading the entire
struggle, both before the revolution,
during the revolution, and after the
revolution.
Without such leadership to unity
and guide the struggle the forces
of the workers are inevitably de-
feated by the highly organized and
centralized forces of the bourgeoisie
and of the bourgeois staCe. The
working class, in order to conquer,
requires to develop a Communist
Party.
In order to be able to accomplish
this task of leadership, the Com
munist Party requires to unite
within its ranks all the most con-
scious, revolutionary, active, self
sacrificing workers; to be based on
clear revolutionary theory with
constant critical alertness to the
situation; to be closely united with
the mass of the workers and with
all the exploited masses: to com
bine the strongest centralized dis
cipline as a fighting organization
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-01

WABc-Edwin c. Hill, Com.
mentator
s:3o-wOR-Katzman orch;
Lucille Peterson. Songs;
Choristers Quartet
WJz-Goodman Orch; jams
Froman, Songs; Bob Hope,
Comedian
WABC-Court Of Human
Relations
300 wEAF-Lyman Orch;
Frank Mum, Tenor; VS.
vienne Segal, Songs
WOR-Hillbilly Music
WJZ-Beatriee Lille, Come
dienne; Perrin Orchestra;
Cavaliers Quartet
WABC-March of Time
$50 -Boninne Orches-
ira; Pic and Pat, Comes
dams
WOR-Al and Lee Reiser,
Piano
WJZ-Phil Baker, Comedian;
Gabrielle de Lys, Songs,
Belssco Orch.
wABC-Hollywood Hotel
Sketch, with Dick Powell,
Jane williams. Ted Fio-
Rita Orch, Others; Ed.
ward G. Robinson and
Jean Arthur. Guests
9:45-WOR-Singin' Sam
MISUNDERSTANDING Sketch
WOR-Elaine Jordan, Songs
WJz-Drsmatic Sketch
10:l5-WOR-Current Events
H. E. Read
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Or
chestra, Frank Black. Cons
ductor; Mixed Chorus
WOR-Variety Musicale
WJz-Jewish Program; Rab-
bi Israel Goldstein
WABC-The OF1ynn-Mus-
ical Drama
/ HOO WEAF-Taik-Georg
Holmes. Chief Washington
Bureau, ms
WOR-News
Dance Orchestra
| WABC-Nelson Orchestra
! ,l:l5- wEAF-Ferdinando Or
chestra
WOR-Mocnbeams Trio
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-01
Reviewed by
BEATRICE BLOSSER

THE first issue of The Communist
International for 1885 contains a
wealth of material on the developing
struggles for unity of the working
class throughout the world, and on
the role and recent activities of in
ternational social-democracy.
"The Communist Youth of Spain
at the Barricades," by A. Peres,
analyses the heroic struggle of the
young workers Of all political groups
during the period Of preparation as
well as during the October reyolu-
tionary period itself. The story Of
how the clear political line of the
Communist Party and Y. G. L. won
over the hesitating Socialist youth
is an inspiration to workers in every
country.
The editorial, For the United
Front Of Struggle of the Interna-
tional Proletriat,' displays vivid
contrast il the point-blank refusal
Of the Second International and
most of its parties to support their
brothers in Spain. The editorial dis
cusses the negotiations which Com
rades Cachin and Thorez carried
on for the C. I. with the repre-
sentatives of the Second Interna-
tional and reveals how these So
cialist gentlemen unanswered to
avoid joint action in support of the
Spanish proletariat which was at
that very moment fighting valiantly
against fascism with arms in its
hands.
History OF United Front
In the article by A. Martynov,
Citizen Vandervelde's Reply" new
light is thrown on the history Of
the united front, with special refer
ence to that old claim of the So
cialists that they offered unity to
the C. I. just previous to Hitler's
taking power in Germany. In this
article, Martynov provides Lenin-
ist guide through the maze of words
IN Vandervelde's reply to Cachin's
original proposal.
The bitterness of the Swedish S.
P. leaders against the united front
is forcefully exposed in the article,
THE Role of Swedish Social-De-
mocracy in the Second Intena-
tional," by M. M. One of these
Swedish leaders, Vogt, berated the
Second international for greeting
the Spanish revolution, which, he
walled, "breathes the spirit of the
pure, naive barricade fights of last
century"
The manner in which the Social
list workers forced the changing of
the blanket decision of the Second
International against the united
front, by simply breaking the deci-
sion in country after country, is an
object lesson to Socialist branches
and locals here who find themselves
hampered by similar decisions.
Chinese Red Armys Fight
No. of 1.-THE Communist Inter
national contains valuable article
on The Struggle of the Chinese
Red Army Against Chang Kali
shek'S Sixth Drive" by Wan Ming.
There is also a section on the Fiji
teenth Anniversary Of the Young
Communist International which in
cludes three articles.
This issue Of the G. I. magazine
offers such excellent material to
all workers-Communists struggling
for the united front, Socialists who
wish to know just what their lead
ers are doing, and non-Party work
ers who have yet to decide which
party to support-that its sale
should be given a real push by all
Party units and workers organiza-
tfonc
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-01
7 UNING IN

5;i5-WEAF - Ranch Boys,
WJz-English Stage VS..
American Stage-Dame
sybil Thorndike, Brian
Ahe-ne, Edmund Gwenn,
WABC-Bobhy Benson -
Sketch
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES News
WoR-Resume, Hauptmann
Trial
WJZ-Press-Radio News
WABC-Current Events-H.
V. Kaltenborn
6.35-WEAF-Jack. Loretta
Clemens. Songs
wJZ-Gale Page, Songs
6:45-WEAF-Billy Batchelor-
WOR-Tallls ard Music
WJZ-Lowell Thomas, Com
mentator
Neutrality-suspicious.
Brainagd
6.55-wABC-Press- Radio News
TOO WEAF-To Be Announced
wOR-Sports Resume-stan
Lomsx
WJZ-Amos N Andy
WABC-Myrt and Marge-
7:1S-wEAF-Stories of the
Black Chamber
WOR-Lum and Abner--
WJZ-Plantation Echoes;
Robson ORCH, Southern
aires Quartet
wABC-Just Plain Bill
1:30-WEAF-Hirsch Orchestra
WOR-Mystery Sketch
WJz-Red Davis-Sketch
WABC-The O'Neills-Sketch
7;45-WEAF - Uncle Ezra
WOR-Front-Page Drama
WJZ-Dangerous Paradise
WABC-Boake Carter, Com
mentator
00-WEAF-Bourdon Orches-
ira; Jessica Dragonette,
Soprano; Male Quartet
WOR-Lone Ranger-Ssetcf
WJZ-Dramatic Sketch,
with Irene Rich, Actress
WABC-Variety Musicale
6:25-WJz-Dlck Leioert, Or
gan; Armbruster and
Kraus. Piano, Mary
CORTLAND, Songs, Male
/ Quartet
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-01
Haunting the Unemployed

IT WOULD be a pleasure to meet the man who
wrote this editorial and make try at the button
in his loose jaw Newspapermen are divided I'D
into two camps; the Woodworking, hard-pressed,
decent variety, making the best of bad job; and
the willing funkeys and hirelings the born scabs
such as this editorial writer
Is there anyone mesner and cheaper than the
man who taunts the millions who must starve and
suffer on relief and wants them treated even worse
than they are being treated? And he isn't even a
banker, who might profit by such cruelty; but he
is an editorial hack working for wages on pre-
carious job here today and there tomorrow man
who may be on the breadlines himself in year
Il have met at least a dozen former newspaper
men in the Bowery fophouses and Hooverilles)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-01
N E w B o O X S
PUBLISHED

L WIG FEUERBACH, by
Friedrich Engels. The classic
exposition of dialectical ma
terialism, presented now for
the first time In complete, I'M
garbled English translation.
Includes other material by
Marx and Engels on the sub
ject. Preface by L. Rudas.
Cloth, rs cents.
MARX-ENGELS- AIARXISM, by
v. I. Lenin. The actual APP
plication of dialectical materi-
alism to the complicated con-
ditions of the modern world.
Cloth, $1.25.
TWENTY YEARS IN UNDER
GROUND RUSSIA, by Cecilia
Bobrovskaya. A picture of
Russian society under the Tsar,
written by an old Bolshevik.
T h underground printing
press, unlawful" workers study
circles, strikes, Punishment,
imprisonment, torture-the de-
tails, the dangers, the excite
ment Of illegal revolutionary
activity. Cloth, So cents.
THE LAST DAYS OF TSAR
NICHOLAS, by P. M. Bykov.
Shows how the execution of
the Romanoffs was measure
of social defense taken by the
Soviet government. Boards, so
cents.
These books can be purchased
at all Workers Bookshops, or from
Workers Library Publishers, P.
o, Box 14s, Station D, New York,
N. Y.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-01
Wanted: Items from
The Hearst Press

Readers are urged to send us
clippings, cartoons and editorials
from all Hearst newspapers
particularly items about the So
Wet Union and the Communist
Party. Indicate name of news
paper and date of publication in
sending in this material. Address:
Feature Editor, Daily Worker, 35
East 18th St, New York.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-01
Theatre Workers
Problems Treated
In NeUV Theatre
by del

NEW THEATRE, February, 1885.
Published monthly by New Thea
tire, ia West 14th Street, New
York City. Organ of the New The
atre League, National Film and
Photo and Workers Dance
Leagues. Ice on New York City
ncWssSands.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-01
Life and Teachings Of Lenin

The Daily Worker is printing
serially the extremely valuable
and popular booklet by r. Paine
Dutt, Life and Teachings of
v. 1. Lenin," published by Inter
national Publishers.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-01
WorIdWi deUnity
OF Working Class
Keynote of c. |.

THE COMMUNIST INTERNA-
TIONAL, Vol. XII, No. /; Organ
Of the Executive Committee of
the Communist International; 10
cents.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-01
Questions
and
Answers

This department appears daily on the feature
page All questions should be addressed 10 "Ques-
tionS and Answers" 70 Daily Worker 50 East
18th Street, New York City.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-01

Ito be continued