davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1935-09-03

out of sheets. The police, quick-witted
New Workers, concluded there was.
Such public indifference was interest,"
ing but not surprising. Your average
urbanite is not his brothers keeper. He
is inclined to let well enough alone and,
especially in large cities, to attend
strictly to his own business. There are
so many ways Of getting into trouble
with the police that he does not invite
even friendly intercourse with the law
of his own free will. And it was only
when curiosity got the better Of the
New York by-standers that they called
the police and suggested that something
might be up. There Is another point
that may be significant. The escape
took place in a district given over
largely to poultry slaughter houses. Re-
membering the Schechter case, 1t is
possible the citizens were agin the
Government anyhow and let nature
and the eScape-take its course.
Evening star., 1935-09-03
STARS, MEN AND ATOMS
Notebook of Science Progress in Field,
Laboratory and Study.
RY THAMAS p HENRY
BY THOMAS r. HENRY.

setting up impulses along the nerve
pathways. The whole organism seems
to be involved in learning-not the brain
alone. In some way, when the nervous
system is in a state of activity it is
easier to establish connections within
its infinitely complicated mazes.
The experiments reported applied only
to rats and to the most elemental sort
of learning. Whether 1t is capable of
broader application is unknown. There
has long been a tradition in schools,
however, that it is best to study on an
empty stomach. Students preparing to
plug" all night for an examination have
been advised by their fellows not to eat
any supper.
Educators usually have declared that
there was no foundation in fact for the
tradition. 1t was not well to stuff the
stomach, with the well-knOwn resultant
lethargy due to the extra load thrown
on the blood stream by the process of
digestion. Professors feared students
might injure their health by foolish abb
Stinence from food.
The present experiments, however,
may give some actual basis for the old
belief, which has been maintained de-
spite the fact that there appeared no
scientific evidence to support it. For in
the final analysis learning a problem in
geometry or the declension of a Latin
verb may be only an extremely compli-
Gated process Of conditioning, not diff
fering much in principle from the simple
learning required of the rats.
~
1ntricately hidden in the statistics of
the past five years of depression is a
weight loss of approximately per cent
for many thousands of children, accord
ing to an investigation by the United
States Public Health Service. The fig
ures are based on a survey of the weights
Of children Of 1000 families in each Of
six Eastern cities since 1928.
Taking the figures as a whole, no
weight loss is shown. When they are
divided into economic classes the diff
ference shows. The children of fam
lilies in comfortable circumstances have
shown no relative change in weight. The
children Of the poor who were also poor
before the depression actually have
gained-probably due to relief, which
has resulted in better nutrition. The
children of those families which were
In comfortable circumstances before 1928,
but whose bread winners then lost their
jobs, show approximately per cent
weight loss. 1t has been progressive ever
since the depression started.
These are essentially the children Of
the actual depression victims. For the
chronically unemployed hard times, par
adoxically enough, brought better times.
For those who suffered reductions in
salary but remained self supporting 1t
made little difference.
Evening star., 1935-09-03
The brain learns fastest on an empty

The brain learns fastest on an empty
stomach.
The contractions of the stomach walls,
which are the most striking physical
manifestations of hunger, have a re-
markable effect in speeding up learning,
according to communication just made
to the National Academy Of Sciences by
Drs. M. H. Elliott and w. c. Treat, Har-
ward University psychologists.
They experimental with rats and on
learning reduced to its most funda-
mental element, the conditioned reflex.
The experimental animals were given re-
peated electric shocks Simultaneously
with the flashing of light. Eventually
the two stimuli were associated so that
an animal would jump at seeing the
light without the shock. 1t required an
average OF 55 trials to bring about this
conditioning"
This, many psychologists believe, is the
basic process of learning. Education or
discipline Is a matter Of building up
pathways in the nervous system, par
peated associations.
Next the two psychologists performed
surgical operations on the rats which
made their stomach walls visible. The
observers could watch the waves OF con-
traction which came at periodic inter-
walls when the animals were hungry.
They were kept without food for q
time. As soon as contraction wave
started, the conditioning experiment
would be performed-that is, the simul-
taneous electric shock and light nash.
The conditioned reflex, whereby the rat
jumped at the light alone, was estap-
lished in an average OF "A trlals-iess
than half the number required previous
ly. The only requirement was that the
double stimuli and the stomach con-
fractions come at the same time.
A wave of contraction can be stopped
Immediately by giving q rat bite OF
food, no matter how small. Hungry rats
treated in this way did not learn" any
faster than those with full stomachs.
The contractions, they believe, give rise
to volleys Of nervous impulses toward
the brain, which, in some way, facilitate
the learning process. -.
When rats were kept hungry for "A
hours, Elliott and Treat found, they nad
definite periods of intensified activity.
Between these intervals they would re-
main fairly quiet. The scientists de-
termined that these activity bursts cor
responded with the appearance OF the
hunger contraction waves. There would
be from 10 to ID such periods In "a
hours, varying in length from 10 to 81
minutes. They timed their conditioning
experiments with the bursts OF activity
and found that the rate of conditioning
was the same as with the rats whose
stomach contractions they could watch.
-
It has been known for some time,
Elliott and Treat point out in their re-
port to the National Academy OF
Sciences, that conditioning" is facili-
tated by muscular tensions which are
Evening star., 1935-09-03
Travel Boom.

The American shipping industry has
experienced its best year since 1929 In
the transportation Of transatlantic
passengers. A survey made by the
United States Shipping Board indicates
that more than one hundred and thirty
thousand persons were carried to Euro
pean ports during May, June and July,
and the westbound traffic, naturally,
will be equally heavy.
Railroad and automobile travel like
wise are booming. In New York Sunday
preliminary reports from train dis
patchers and bus terminal managers as
well as from the headquarters of the
several chains of gasoline stations serv-
ing the motoring public were to the
effect that a fifteen to twenty per cent
increase over 1884 was discernible. Labor
Day, 1t seemed, was responsible for the
peak movement, but every week end
recently has shown improvement.
For economists the significance of
such developments is that of the release
of money. People, some suppose, sense
the end of the depression and are willing
to spend. Their attitude is one of con-
fident optimism. In brief, they are
obeying the impulse to go places and
see things. Certainly the conservative
middle classes ordinarily do not begin
spending until they are quite certain
that they can afford to. The expense of
even a short trip is subject of thought
in thousands of families. 1t is incurred
only when Il appears entirely justified.
Evening star., 1935-09-03
Taxi Driver Refuses
To Observe New Rule

To the Editor Of The Star:
Just few lines to let you know that
/ am still operating my cab on the
20-40-60-80 rate and that I shall con-
tinue to do so. To date, as you know,
the P. u. G. members have refused to
be gentlemen and arrange q test case
with me in the local Police Court.
am a constitutional American.
demand every right and privilege that
the Constitution gives me- I hold that
the P. U. C. order 1401-the 1890 So TO
cent rate order-violates about every
thing worth violating in the Constitu-
tion. I shall, therefore, continue to
defy the P. U. C. until they arrange
a test case with me in the local law
courts
If that kangaroo court down at the
District Building tries to revoke my
licenses I will continue to operate
hold that my licenses are property,
bought with money, the same as any
other property, and that they can't be
confiScated or revoked without due
process OF law" Therefore I will con-
tinue to operate on the 20-40-60 -8O-cent
rate until the P. U. c. either rescinds
its insane rate order or succeeds in
having the local courts uphold it.
II you will send one of your camera
men to the hack stand at Eighth and
M streets southeast, I will be glad to
let him take picture of my cab with
the 60-80-cent rate signs on 1t
for publication in your paper.
BERNARD L. HENNIN[I,
President Cab Drivers Protective Union,
Local 343,
Evening star., 1935-09-03
Suggests Real ''Defense"
Highway to the Shore

To the Editor Of The Star:
Your editorials, criticisms and illustra-
tions of the Death Defense) Highway
are getting down to real facts. ! was
under the impression that this highway
was built jointly by the Federal Gov
ernmeht and the State Of Maryland as
a means Of defense in the event Of war.
The Star has shown how inadequate 1t
would be in such case. The next best
move would be to convert the roadbed
of the old W., B. & A. Railway into q
highway between Washington, Fort
Meade and Annapolis. The branch to
Baltimore, mentioned in your paper of
the 29th, is Of no Federal importance,
since Baltimore has the State of Mary
land by the throat and SO far has seen
to it that "all roads lead to Baltimore" I"
Indeed, the newspapers and people of
that city have discarded the word Mary
land and speak and write the designa-
ton "The City and Counties" Now to
get down to the practical facts.
The Federal Government should buy
outright that part Of the w., B. & A.
Railway between Annapolis, Fort George
Meade and Annapolis Junction. This
was the original Annapolis l. Elk Ridge
Railroad before it was taken over by the
w., B. & A. 1t was chartered by the
Maryland Legislature in 1892 and ran
the first train from Annapolis to An
napolis Junction December "a, 1840.
During the war between the States
many thousands Of troops were landed
at Annapolis and transported to WASH
ington by this road. Who can tell If
such an emergency might not occur
again? Besides, Uncle Sam would have
rail connection direct from Washington
TO Annapolis, as the Pennsylvania Rail-
road tracks connect with the navy yard
here and the w., B. g. A. connects direct
with the Naval Academy. No doubt it
could be operated by the Pennsylvania
Railroad with the rolling stock now on
the rails, and at a profit, as the entire
road is well populated between Fort
Meade and Annapolis. The roadbed Is
sound. with very few curves and no
bridges or grades.
While so much is being spent at the
present time 1t seems that any money
invested for defense purposes between
the National Capital and the Naval
Academy could not be wasted.
This is not to be taken as a move
toward Government ownership, but for
Uncle Sam to take over the old An
| napolis l. Elk Ridge Railroad as a means
OF defense. PAUL SWEET.
Evening star., 1935-09-03
Red Influence Suspected
I'm New Motto on Money

10 the EaiLor OF Ine star:
Do you know 1t was reported In the
May, 1927, issue of Worlds Work that
the American Association for the Ad-
vancement of Atheism" or THE 4
AS" as they called themselves they
also seemed fond of alphabetic names,
had as one of their many atheistic
objectives getting our inscription, In
God we trust" off our coins!
In Mr. R. L. Feldman'S letter to The
Star he states, 1T is reported that a
new issue of 81 silver certificates will
bear the Latin inscription trans
lated, "A new order Of the ages" And
that "it appears to be as close as the
Socialists can get to the phrase, "A New
Deal in Latin"
May it not be that the Reds see in
this the entering wedge they have
planned in removing I'm God we trust
from our coins?
Mr.. Feldman's suggestion Of a court
injunction to stop the new issue Of
silver certificates unless or until this
inscription is eliminated is fine one,
and our people should get behind it,
and, as he suggests, use in its place,
I'm God we trust"
1t is time our Nation mended Its evil
ways. We have bowed down to the god
Of money to our peril! Willing to reap
a profit through short weight in gold,
and then legalizing(O our action and
making gold certificates and bonds no
longer payable in gold, as formerly, on
demand; visioned large profits by trade
with an atheistic nation and entered
into diplomatic relations with her, max
ing 1t easier for her to spread atheistic
propaganda and bore from within to
destroy our form Of Government;
"legalized" selling our boys and girls,
women and men to King Alcohol for the
money 1t would seemingly put into our
Treasury-and some private pockets;
winked at gambling and lotteries for the
rake-off to be had made divorce FASH
ionable, destroying the sacredness of the
home, as the Reds wanted; made drink
ing by girls and women as well as young
men shionable-common even to the
point of pronounced intoxication.
We are now reaping what We have
sown. Let us return to "the faith Of our
fathers" and to the worship Of the one
only true God, who has blessed our Ma
ton above all nations on earth. Let US
proclaim our faith in Him on the new
silver certificates with the inscription,
In God we trust"
GEORGIA ROBERTSON.
Evening star., 1935-09-03
NOvus OrdO Seclorum
Inscription Defended

To the Editor Of The Star:
In last Saturdays edition, August 81,
there appeared letter signed by
Richard l.. Feldman taking exception to
the Latin inscription on the new silver
dollar certificates, "Novus Ordo Seclo-
rum" meaning "A new order of the
ages" He claims the courts ought to
eliminate same and give as q reason
that President Roosevelt and his fol-
lowers are initiating the Nazi methods
and are Haunting their mistakes in the
face of every citizen.
May I say that Mr.. Feldman's criti-
cism is unwise, unfair and unjust. This
inscription has been on Athe United
Evening star., 1935-09-03
Quick Action.

That the Guffey coal bill would be
subjected to attack in the courts on the
grounds that it was unconstitutional
a matter which the President, In effect,
suggested might be disregarded by Con-
gress-was certain. That the attack
would come so quickly, within twenty
four hours after signature Of the act,
accounted for the element Of surprise
which lends unusual interest to the
action brought in District Supreme
Court on Saturday.
The Guffey coal bill seeks to accom-
plish, through the power Of taxation
a very realistic exercise, in this case,
of the power to destroy-what the N.
r. A. failed to accomplish through at
tempting to invoke the interstate COM
merce clause of the Constitution. The
main point Of attack In the action begun
Saturday is that the act seeks to give
the Federal Government power, through
taxation, over matters not committed
to the Federal Government by the
Constitution.
And interest In the success Of this
attack goes far beyond whether the
Government will be able, as proposed,
to regulate wages and hours and other
elements affecting production In the
bituminous coal industry. For II the
Guffey coal bill represents q valid
exercise of Federal authority under the
Constitution, Government control over
production In practically every other
major industry In the United States is
likewise valid, and will certainly be
applied
Evening star., 1935-09-03
The Forgotten Man.

Can it be that DR. Nicholas Murray
Butler is right when he says that
Thomas Jefferson is the real forgotten
man? If he is correct, it is unfortunate
for the country. Jefferson stood for the
common man and for the fundamental
principles upon which the Government
of the United States was set up and
developed. 1t is true that he was of
the horse and buggy era" which in GER
tain high quarters is referred to lightly
today. Nevertheless, Mr.. Jefferson had
principles and convictions which were
of immense benefit to his country and
which should not be lightly discarded,
even in the day of the airplane, the
automobile and the submarine.
DR.. Butler remarked, in his recent
address at Southampton, Long Island,
that men were making mess OF the
business of government almost every
where. Then he particularized, with
Washington and the American Govern
ment as his target. The theories OF
Franklin D. Roosevelt regarding taxa
ton and the uses to which it should
be put, in the opinion OF DR.. Butler,
do not coincide with the theories OF
Mr.. Jefferson, SO long the patron saint
of the Democratic party. If the tax
ing power be habitually used" said DR..
Butler, mot to support through bal
anced budget an economical and wisely
administered government which is mind
ing it's ewn proper business, but rather
to discriminate against and to punish
individuals, undertakings and groups,
then without having amended our Con-
stitution in any way we shall have well
begun to undermine its foundations"
President Roosevelt has made no bones
about what he has in mind with regard
to taxation. In his message to Con-
gress urging the passage Of his share
the-wealth" tax program he announced
the theory of Federal taxation to redis-
tribute wealth. The redistribution Of
wealth in America has taken place from
generation to generation. Great for
tunes made by one generation have been
lost to the next. Concentrations Of
wealth before the World War have in
many instances vanished. The new plan
advanced by the President-for Federal
taXation-SeemS, as DR.. Butler charges,
to be designed to punish certain indi-
viduals and groups. When the Federal
Government undertakes to use its tax.
ing power to punish, it can, OF course,
utterly exterminate. 1t is power that
might be used against any class OF
citizens, by any group that might hap
pen to be in power.
DR.. Butler strikes at the critics OF the
older order. 1t is, after all, he suggests,
the profit motive which is actuating
these supporters of new order. They
are moved by a desire for personal
share in the results of the labors and
savings of other men. He calls it the
wicked profit motive" ironically, for it
is the profit motive that has been at
tackled by SO many of the followers of
the new order. DR.. Butler finds that
theories may have changed, but not
human nature.
As DR.. Butler suggests, it may be as
well to inquire how far these new forms
of compulsion," governmental regimen
tation Of business, of agriculture, are
better than Jefferson's theories of lib
erty under government. Indeed, the
American people are waking to the wis
dom of such inquiry.
Evening star., 1935-09-03
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES Z. TRACEWELL.
Little did Johnny Squirrel dream. as he
dashed through the branches that bright
morning, that he would be dead In 10

Little did Johnny Squirrel dream, as he
dashed through the branches that bright
morning. that he would be dead in 10
minutes.
He did not reckon with the motorist
who came bowling down the broad
avenue.
How could little animal, intent on
chasing his lady love through the
branches of the great trees, know any
thing about modern automobile speed?
Gayly he pursued his lady love. The
sounds OF their sharp claws went rasp-
rasp-rasp against the bark. They were
young, and the morning was beautiful
for them as well as for the motorist.
The latter, whoever he may have been,
must have seen the squirrels dart across
the street.
He made no move, however, to Slacken
his speed, with the result that he caught
Johnny squarely under his right front
wheel.
The little animal lay still for Sec
| ond, then jumped convulsively.
1t was not q happy sight, but death
Is not happy, either in the morning,
| afternoon or night.
| llC gave aAOIAiCA JAA'Fi
then lay still again forever.
Life, the mystery, had departed.
The man who had slaughtered him,
perhaps unthinkingly, but surely un-
necessarily. had gone, toe. far down the
| avenue, without even SO much as a
backward glance.
-Four more cars passed over. each with
| out slowing down in the slightest. For
tunately no wheel marred the furry
body.
At this point human spectator, who
| had seen the entire proceeding and
| whose shouts and waving arms, pointing
| to the squirrel while still alive, had all
been in vain, walked over TO the crea-
| ture dead.
The sunshine glinted on its wide-open
eyes.
There was not mark or spot on 1t,
not even blood.
It's liver, probably, had been ruptured
by the impact of the wheel.
He lifted it by its tail and carried 1t
| over to the parking, by barberry bush,
its monument for few hours.
And it was all so unnecessary.
That was the thought that kept re-
curing to the pedestrian, as he boarded
his car for downtown. his morning
spoiled.
If the man behind the wheel had
| slowed up just little the squirrel would
have had plenty Of time to make it.
What difference did it make to the
man whether he slowed up or didn't
slow up?
What difference does 1t ever really
make to drivers whether they slow up
slightly or not?
They will get there in Just the same
time, going helter-skelter, or slowing
down every now and then to give chill
| dren and animals a chance.
Just why this unnecessary slaughter OF
living things. throughout the length and
breadth of America, remains as much a
problem as ever, despite the considera-
ton that has been given it everywhere
| Traffic experts. drivers, pedestrians
laymen, doctors-every one has consid-
cred the problem.
| One always comes back to the same
point, almost hopelessly, that most OF ii
Is so damned unnecessary, so brutally
| unnecessary
Evening star., 1935-09-03
Shooting Stars.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.

Instructions in Agriculture.
My grandsire sang an ancient song-his
voice was full Of charm
Twas Uncle Sam is rich enough to
give us all a farm"
1t made folks proud to hear about dear
Uncles generous ways
But that, of course, was in those good
old hoss'n and buggy days.
The patient farmers gather round the
little country store
Where customers complain they can't
buy pork chops any more.
They say they wish that Uncle Sam
would give EN- all home rule
Instead Of doin' business like a corre-
spondence school.