davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1935-04-11
DUST DRIFT GROW
ASSTORM REVIEWS
Federal MeteoroIogist Sees
No Relief as Plague
R0utS Farmers.
BY the Associs ted Press.

By the Associated Press.
KANSAS CITY, April ll.-Dust
drifts and human misery increased
today in the plains area as new silt
A. NJ Hamrick. Federal meteorolo-
gist here. could see little hope for ces-
sation of the dust plague to the West
and Southwest. but there were reports
of beneficial rains north and north
east of here
The northern border of Kansas and
the approximate center of the State
apparently formed the dividing line
for the dust. with Western Kansas,
Eastern Colorado and Wyoming. west
ern parts of Oklahoma, virtually all
of Texas and parts of New Mexico
/ bearing the brunt of the storm.
Seventh Consecutive Day.
Lamar. Colo. reported the seventh
consecutive day of dust. and virtually
all activities were halted there and
in scores of other large and small
towns of the stricken region.
At Great Bend. Kans.. the binding
dust was blamed for an automobile
truck collision that killed Lee
Cooper. %.
Dust that crossed the Missouri
Kansas border last night swirled over
St. Louis this morning and on east
ward across the Mississippi.
Where in other years at this season.
wheat and other crops have spread
their checkerboard pattern of green
shades over the landscape. there are
barren fields without a blade of green,
drifts of soil along roads. fences and
farm buildings, and deserted high
ways.
For a month dun -colored clouds
have swirled and billowed over what
once was known as the Nations bread
basket Hopes for relief. raised earlier
this week by promising weather fore
casts. we're shattered yesterday by a
dust blizzard labeled as the worst
of the series.
Crop Condition Put at Zero.
AS the latest storm roared over
Kansas, Colorado. Oklahoma. Texas
and New Mexico. the Government S
monthly crop report was released.
"A large proportion of the acreage" "
in this important Winter wheat area
was being abandoned. it said The
condition of the wheat crop in six
Kansas counties-Graham. Cove
Greeley, Wichita. Hamilton and
Kearney-WaS listed as zero.
From other sources came reports
that bordered on the pitiful
The only hope now, if they get
rain instead of dust. is in Sorghums
and corn" declared Prof. R. 1.
Throckmorton of Kansas State Col
lege. in referring to the Western third
of Kansas.
Kenneth WEIGH, relief administrator
in Baca County, Colo. said no crops
whatever can be expected in South
eastern Colorado unless heavy Spring
rains come
Il do not see how anyone can con-
tinue to live here if these storms con-
tinue." WEIGH added.
Dust pneumonia is increasing
~, naoo C1l,,,.Y>
Evening star., 1935-04-11
Flyer Up Daily for Fiiue Years
To Be HOnOred in Capital

He had little idea of how long his
hobby would last when he started it
November Is, 1929. He doesn't know
how long he will keep it up.
"Ill quit when get tired of it"
he said. II get kick out of it,"
1t all began as result of hangar
flying" session at a Kansas City air.
port. There, where flyers stand around
and grouse" when the weather gets
soupy, some one commented. TITS an
other one of those days when you
can't get out"
DR.. Brock took the other side just
to start an argument, and he wound
up with his present record. He set
out to prove there are few days when
weather conditions will interfere with
flying.
His toughest and shortest" flight
was in the midst Of q bowling snow
storm. On . blustery day In 1880
DR.. Brock stayed aloft just 10 sec
onds. but added enough time later
the same day to round out 80 min.
utes Of fiyins. -
Evening star., 1935-04-11
HART CASE APPEAL
DROPPEDBY n. R. A.
Special Counsel Finds Him.
self Displaced by Justice
Attorney.

1nterbureau rows over governmental
appeal in the Hart Coal Co. suit. a
leading piece of N. R. A. litigation
involving the wage-and-hour provision
of the recovery act. today led the
N. r A. lawyer who handled the case
for three months to drop out of it.
Gregory Hankins. N. r. A. special
counsel. forwarded to the Supreme
Court formal notification of his with
drawal from the matter. appeal on
which is opened today by a Depart
ment of Justice attorney before the
Federal Circuit Court of Appeals in
Cincinnati
Fire Flared Earlier.
This widened breach between N
r. A. legal division and the Justice
unit adds fuel to the fire stocked early
in the week when the recovery organ
ization announced its determination TO
put more of its compliance cases in
the hands of the Federal Trade Com
mission.
The N. r. A. litigation docket is
packed with more than $500 cases.
To date 2O6 have been completed in
some courts. with a record of 1856 de-
cisions favoring the Government and
20 against it.
Hankins says he worked alone three
months on the brief in the Hart coal
case appeal. The suit arises from an
Injunction sought by the Kentucky
Coal Co. to restrain the United States
from enforcing N. R. A. wage and
hour schedules against the firm.
Edgerton Directs Case.
The N. R. A. legal division argued
the case every step of the way until
today. Chief of counsel now is Henry
Edgerton, attorney in the antitrust
division of the Department of Justice,
headed by Special Assistant Attorney
General Harold Stephens.
Edgerton Is using the brief statedly
drawn up by Hankins alone, with two
arguments ON the jurisdictional right
of N. r. A. in the wage-and- hour en-
forcement and the delegation of
power from Congress deleted. The
justice lawyer had not previously
handled the case.
According to Hankins' Office the
N. r. A. attorney knew nothing of the
transfer of prosecution to the Justice
Department until the brief returned
from the Government Printing Office
with Edgerton substituted for Hank
ins as chief of Government counsel
and the two arguments stricken out.
Evening star., 1935-04-11
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
KANSAS CITY. April 1l.-Dr. John
D. Brock, known locally as "the
worlds most persistent aviator will
be the honored guest of the National
Aeronautical Association in Washing
ton May Z when he completes his
daily flight No. 1000.
For more than five years DR.. Brock,
head of ar optical goods manufac-
turing firm. has made mis- daily trips
into the air. Subzero temperatures,
sleet, rain, snow and dust have failed
to stop him.
His flights have been no mere Joy
hops over the city. They have aver
aged two hours a day, or total Of
almost 1000 hours.
When Arctic weather kept the air
mail on the ground Dr. Brock went
aloft regardless. and when soft snow
made slush of the runway, snow plows
were used to clear 1t.
During the long period DR.. Brock,
now As, has visited every State of the
Union. 4
Evening star., 1935-04-11
Indian Band Ruled
By Sguaw May Get
Federal Land Soon
By the Associs ted Press.

BY the Associa ted Press.
PRESCOTT. Ariz.. April IL
A woman-ruled, homeless band of
Yavapai Indians soon may oe
given part of the land their an
cestors ruled as trSir own.
With the Senate'S passage OF
bill transferring rs acres from the
Veterans Administration to the
Department of Interior. the 200
remaining members of the tribe
came a step nearer owning a
home. The Indians already are
'squatters" on the land which
would be given to them under the
bill.
Fifty-year-old Viola Jimula
took over rule of the tribe a few
years ago when the braves could
not find work and the Indians
faced death from starvation. With
Federal Emergency Relief Ad-
ministration funds a shop was
erected for the manufacture of
Indian wares. There the braves
and their squaws go 10 work daily.
and under her supervision the
families have constructed modern
homes on the land they hope soon
to own.
Evening star., 1935-04-11
MAYORS SUPPORT
WORK RELIEF PLAN
City Executives Meet Here
as President Seeks to
Speed Program.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Detailed methods of speeding the
81 COO, 900 900 work drive were can
vaSsed by President Roosevelt today
as mayors of leading cities drafted
plans for cooperation in the jobless
relief program.
Mr. Roosevelt held his appointment
list to a minimum to give special at
tention to recommendations for push
ing the new work-relief law into full
operation.
Not far from the White House the
Executive and Advisory Committees
of the United States Conference of
Mayors gathered in closed session
They said that since the relief load
is centered primarily in the larger in
dustrial cities. they hope to develop
a plan under which the cities might
effectively cooperate with the Gov
ernment in shifting 3,50O000 employ
full projects with minimum of de-
lay.
Mayors Back Jobs Plan.
This objective was in apparent har-
mony With administration desires to
make work where the workers are and
10 avoid large movements of jobless.
Attending the mayors meeting
were Mayor Daniel w. Hoan of Mil
waukee. president of the conference:
Mayor Fiorella H. La Guardia, New
York City; Mayor E. J. Kelly. Chi
cago: Mayor Frederick W. Mansfield
of Boston. Mayor Howard W. Jackson
of Baltimore. Mayor George D. Be-
COLE of Denver Mayor NJ C. Ellen
stein of Newark. Mayor r. E. L.
Chancey of Tampa. Mayor J. ".
Beach of Hartford. Commissioner R.
E. Riley of Portland. Oreg.: Mayor
John c. Mahoney of Worcester. Mass:
Mayor j. Fulmer Bright of Richmond,
Mayor w. H. Spear of Wilmington.
and Paul v. Betters. executive direc-
tor of the conference
ST. far as possible, the President
m nona Col,,y,,r
Evening star., 1935-04-11
WHEAT PRICES SOAR
IN CHICAGO FURRY
Maintain Advance of 2lA Cents
More Due to Low Federal
Crop Estimates.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, April 11.-Wheat prices
jumped 312 cents a bushel as the
Board of Trade opened today. May
wheat opened 9SK4a99K4. Other grains
and hogs we're also higher.
Factors which combined to force
wheat prices included the Govern
ment estimate, published late yester-
day. that the Nations Winter wheat
crop would be only 435, ,000. 900 bushels,
which was considered extremely bull
ish.
Reports of continuing duststorms in
the Southwest wheat territory,
sharp upturn in foreign markets also
influenced prices here.
Some profit taking appeared, but
after losing about a cent of the 3l2-
cent rise wheat held most of the ad-
vance. Today's advance came on top
of 212-cent rise yesterday.
At the peak of today September
wheat was at new high for the sea-
son at 981s and July at its best since
December Z, with 9Sh. Both deliv-
cries sagg 1 to 97A.
Evening star., 1935-04-11
u. S. to Pay Farmers for Wheat
Implanted Because of Drought

base acreage and a maximum of 80
per cent.
The ruling today by Secretary Wal
lace valves the minimum require
ments where there is evidence that
planting of wheat would be waste
Of seed because of drought conditions.
This action will be taken only in
counties officially designated by the
A. A. A. wheat section as drought
stricken areas, and then only by Coun-
ty Wheat Production Control Com
mittees after individual producers
have made application for exemption.
Evening star., 1935-04-11
POLICE GUARD SHOPS

Extra Details Called Out in Los
Angeles Meat Strike"
LOS ANGELES, April II P).-Po-
licemen greeted pickets today along
the Hollenbeck Heights meat strike"
front as 40 butcher shops reopened
for business
Chief of Police James E. Davis de-
tailed extra officers to the scene to
guard against possible trouble. He
asserted the United Conference
Against the High Cost Of Living. one
of the meat price protesting groups,
was controlled by Communist leaders.
Evening star., 1935-04-11
% Rebels Sentenced.

ATHENS. April IL @.-Courts-
martial here and in Salonika today
sentenced 20 officers and civilians to
prison terms for participation in the
Greek rebellion
Five rebel officers were sentenced
to life at Salonika and IL others to
shorter terms. The Athens court
martial sentenced 8 officers and 4
civilians to prison terms ranging from
2 to 20 years. Approximately $50
more prisoners are to go on trial
MOndaV
Evening star., 1935-04-11
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The A. A. A. today agreed to make
full benefit payments to farmers in
drought areas who plant no wheat
because of adverse weather conditions.
In a previous step to meet drought
conditions, the administration an
nounced that Spring wheat farmers
might plant up to 165 per cent Of
their base acreage instead of tine
maximum of 80 per cent.
Wheat adjustment contracts contain
provision requiring farmers to plant
a minimum of 54Aper cent Of their
Evening star., 1935-04-11
Hitler Reported
Seeking Personal
Talks With LauaI
Solution for Franco.
Reich Problems Is
Stated Aim.
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
PARIS. April l1.-French political
circles said today that Reichsfeuhrer
Hitler was reported seeking face-to-
face talks with Pierre Laval, the
French foreign minister. in Berlin in
an effort to solve the Joint problems
of the two nations.
The Reichsfeuhrer was said to be
trying to get Laval to stop off at
Berlin on his way home from his
Forthcoming trip to Moscow and
Warsaw.
French officials. however, said they
had no knowledge of such report.
Evening star., 1935-04-11
WEATHER BARS FLIGHT
Midwest Reports Keep Post From
Stratosphere Try.

Stratosphere Try.
LOS ANGELES, April II R-
Capricious weather conditions con-
tinued to hold back Wiley Posts pro-
jected stratosphere flight to New York
today.
Weather observers at Union All
Terminal, where Posts plane, the
5-year-old Winnie Mae, is tuned up
for a take-off, reported early today
that low-pressure area over the Middle
West and unsettled conditions further
east made flying conditions unfavor-
able.
Evening star., 1935-04-11
u. S. TRADE FACING
MANCHOUKUO BAN
Japans Reply to Protest on Oil
Hints It Will Shut
Open Door.
By the Associated Press,

/
TOXIC. April 1l.-Japan told the
United States in effect today that
having ignored Manchoukuo's proffers
of diplomatic relations she cannot
expect to benefit by Manchoukuo's S
declaration of willingness to maintain
the open-door policy.
This attitude was expressed in a
note which Foreign Minister koki
Hirota handed to United States Am
bassaGor Joseph C. Grew in reply to
the third American protest against
the Manchoukuan oil monopoly.
Note Awaited Here.
BY the Associated Press.
The State Department early today
had not received the japanese note
replying to United States protests of
the Manchoukuan oil monopoly pro-
test and officials here declined any
comment.
The American Government pro-
tested against the oil monopoly in the
interests of American oil companies
engaged in business in the new Japa-
nese-sponsored state on grounds that
it violated existing treaty obligations
and the open door" policy in the Far
East.
Japan and Manchoukuo both have
made pledges that the open door"
policy would be maintained.
The United States made its pro-
tests to Japan since this country does
not recognize the empire of Man.
choukuo.
Great Britain and the Netherlands
made similar representations to Japan
on behalf of oil companies owned by
their nationals.
Evening star., 1935-04-11
WEATHER.

tU- 3. WtatHcr bursdu FUrtodst'7
Rain and slightly warmer, with low
est temperature about 48 degrees tonight;
tomorrow rain, colder in afternoon or at
night. Temperatures-High ST. at noon
today: lowest, 49, at 5:45 am. today.
Full report on page B-S.
Evening star., 1935-04-11

Continued on Page Z, Column Sd
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1935-04-19
Contempt Charged
to Handful Editor

Herman Krogman, labor organizer
and editor of the Montana Bulletin"
a mimeographed handful which he dis
tributes at Billings, was cited recently
to appear before Federal Judge Charles
N. Pray to show cause why he should
not oe adJudged in contempt of court.
The order refers to published matter
IN connection with damage suits against
the Northern Pacific Railway company
which grew out of the 1929 Wibaux
flood and are now pending in federal
court. Trial of or more of the cases
was expected during the present term.
M. S. Gum of Helena, Northern Pa
clfic attorney, informed the court in a
filed affidavit, that statements in the
Bulletin" are false and misleading.
calculated to prejudice the railway
from having a fair trial and are issued
with intent to influence members of the
jury who might be called to service.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1935-04-19

Early Fur Trappers and Traders Did Kindergarten Work in
Planting Seeds of Civilization Among Indians of Northwest

The original Fort Union was burn
eo down in 1881. Mackenzie at once
rebuilt it. The new post was enlarged
10 $50 feet square. The buildings were
made Of the same sort of heavy logs,
put there were stone foundations for
all OF them, and, in general, all OF them
were constructed in a more substantial
manner. This post was operated by
Mackenzie until 1889, when he resigned
and was succeeded by Alexander Cui-
oertson. At some time in the early six
ties the conditions of the fur trade
caused a permanent abandonment of
the post. But the well-built structures
stood intact until 1868, when they were
torn down by order of the commanding
officer at Fort Buford, a military post
that had been set up five miles down
the river from the old fur-trading CEN
ter.
Competition with Fort Union sprang
up in 1888. Campbell and Sublette, in
dependent fur traders, built a post at
the site where Fort Buford afterward
was established. Those two men also
built, the next year, another post at
what was known as Frenchman's Point,
ABOUT 6O miles above Fort Union. But
they soon sold out to the American
Fur company, so Mackenzie was again
in full command of the situation in
that region.
Mention of various other fur-trading
posts is made in the Stuart discus
sion of that era. Separating out those
mentioned and putting them here in
chronological order as to their times of
founding, they were as follows:
In 1881 Mackenzie sent James Kipp
with rs men and an outfit of Indian
trading goods to build a post at the
mouth of the Marias river. They built
temporary shelters, awaiting the out
come of trade prospects. The following
summer of 1882 they located a perman-
ent post on what was known as the
Brule bottom. Alexander Culbertson
was sent by Mackenzie to take charge
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1935-04-19

a principal factor in the American Fur
company's organization. He had To-
Gated on the upper Mississippi, nea the
present Minneapolis and st. Paul, as d
trader. and came from there to the
Fort Union location.
AS a guide to a study of the structur-
al style of those old-time fur-trader
posts, a reference to this old Fort Union
may serve we'll. The character of its
makeup is described in a writing by
n of Montana's earliest pioneers,
James Stuart, who was one of the orig
inal discoveries of gold On Gold creek,
in western Montana, and who after
ward resided at Fort Browning and at
Fort Peck. where he died III the autumn
of 1873. The description by Stuart is
as follows:
"They built a stockade 200 feet
square, of logs about IL inches in .dia-
meter and IL feet long, set perpen-
dicularly, putting the lower end two
feet in the ground, with two block
house bastions on diagonal OF
the stockade, II feet square and 20 feet
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1935-04-19

By DIR. THOMAS b. MARQUIS

ny LIN. 1dOMAS b. MAhQO1S
Trappers for the pelts Of fur-bear-
ing animals, mainly the beaver, were
the white men pre-pioneers of the
entire Rocky mountain region, in
Guiding Montana. Through many
years these men were French Can
adams, working for either the Hudson
Bay company, a British concern, or
for n having its home center at
Montreal. As time passed on the sub
sidiary posts were extended westward
until ultimately they were scattered
throughout the whole ur-bearing
country. Thus the traders followed
the trappers, and their posts became
local centers of business and civiliza-
ton, or of such civilization as served
for an entering wedge to the ad-
vances on that line achieved up to
the present time.
John Jacob Aston struggled fer sew
eral years, beginning in 1910, to es-
tablish a permanent trader post at the
place where now is Astoria, Ore, with
branch posts in the country west Of
the Rockies, but the war of 1812-1814
with England broke up his plans. The
American Fur company, with head
quarters at st. Louis, soon afterward
got into the game. Manuel Lisa came
out and set up a post at the mouth of
the Big Horn river in 1907, the year
following the return of Lewis and Clark
to st. Louis. This post was a failure,
as likewise was a post set up at the
three forks of the Missouri river, in the
present Gallatin county, oon after
wards.
The first successful fur trader post in
our present Montana east of the Rock
les was Fort Union, established on the
north side of the Missouri river and
not far above the mouth of the Vel
lowstone. It was an enterprise of the
American Fur company. 1t was in
augurated in the summer of 1929, by
Kenneth Mackenzie. He was a Scotch
Canadian, who had been an employee of
the Hudson Bay company, but became
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1935-04-19

Ice brackets containing a pellet of
dry ice proved popular in this country
last summer. The pellets of solid car
bon dioxide lasted an hour and aided
in reducing body temperatures during
the heat waves.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1935-04-19
HEALTH PROGRAM CIRCULAR

Miss Pauline Bunting, assistant state
All club leader, has just issued a cir
cular dealing with health program sug-
gestions for club leaders, in which she
says the health and growth work is not
a separate project but a part of the
training which every club member
should get through Az club work.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1935-04-19

Ahere Is one excePtlOn-COn-
oco Germ Processed Motor Oil.
1t, too, is free from carbon and
sludge troubles. But, more impor-
tant, the new Germ Process-add-
ing concentrated oily essence to
highly refined oil-puts into this
oil 2 to 4 times the film strength of
any straight mineral oil, as tests
on Thinker and other machines
have proved! That extra film
strength gives safe fabrication I'M
der the most extreme presslres!
Germ Processed Oil protects
your motor another way. Its pene-
trative film, the "Hidden Quart"
stays up in your motor and cuts
down starting wear.
Germ Processed Oil giveslonger
mileage with greater motor pro-
lection, as the Indianapolis De-
%struction Test proved.
Say 20. K.-Drain"-fill with
Conoco Germ Processed Motor
Oil and drive with the assurance
that your oil meets your motors
needs!
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-09-04

the veterans was washed into bits Of
concrete in many places.
A rescue train, dispatched Monday
into the camps to bring back the vet
Grams after the storm warning was
sounded, was mass of wreckage.
There was no word from any of the
crew, and rescuers feared all aboard
were killed.
The train passed through the Camp
No. !, on Upper Matecumbe. The crew
intended to pick up the veterans here
on the route back. but the train struck
. washout and all the cars were over
turned.
Bridge Built for Rescuers.
One of the first efforts Of rescuers
was to build q bridge from the south
ern tip of Key Largo to Upper Mate
cumbe Key to get trucks. loaded with
National Guardsmen and volunteers
and medical supplies, into the worst
stricken areas.
From Washington. officials Of the
Government ordered naval craft and
Coast Guard cutters to lend all possible
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-09-04

aid. The National Guardsmen were
dispatched by Gov. Dave Sholtz.
The Government Relief Admins
tration, in charge Of the Government
camps on the Keys, said some 680
veterans-many of them members OF
the bonus march to Washington. who
were shipped down to the Keys by
the Relief Bureau-were at work on
the coastal highway. At least 100 OF
them, however, were on leave in Miami
when the hurricane broke.
One of the first rescue expeditions
to leave Miami with daybreak today
was aboard the 72-foot speed cruiser
Byronic, owned by Byron Miller OF
New York. 1t was destined to serve
as Red Cross medical station OF the
Keys.
Always Gives Aid.
Cooperating with Coast Guards
men in dispatching airplanes over the
devastated area was the Pan-Amer-
lean Anyways All its planes in Miami
were placed at the disposal OF the
Red Cross and other rescue agencies.
Another relief train quickly was