davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1935-01-24
A Dictator Falls.

It has been left to little Balkan
Bulgaria to apply the reverse English
to relationships and get rid of one.
Although the Guerogieff autocracy,
which has just been toppled from
power after eight months rule, was a
Fascist regime, its fall is not likely to
be duplicated in Black-shirt Italy,
the cradle Of FaScism, or in Brown
shirt Germany, where Nazi Fascism
has been enthroned for two years.
Yet the feat of King Boris, in over
throwing dictatorship in Bulgaria,
does show that the system of which
Mussolini, Hitler, Stain, PilusdSki
and minor imitators elsewhere in
Europe are exponents is vulnerable
and can be dealt with when combat
ed with force and determination.
The difference, of course, is that die
tators outside of Bulgaria are made
Of sterner stuff than the Guerogieffs.
King Boris has been virtually a
prisoner of his government since
May, 1894. Finally, he rebelled when
an effort was made to strip him Of
all vestige Of authority and convert
him into some such dignified, yet
purely decorative, figure as King
Victor Emmanuel of Italy. Realizing
that Boris had decided to tolerate no
more dictatorship, M. Guerogieh
threw up the sponge and resigned.
The King thereupon offered the
premiership to Gen. Petko Zlatef,
who proceeded I'd surround himself
Evening star., 1935-01-24
STARS, MEN AND ATOMS
Notebook of Science Progress in Field,
Laboratory and Study.
BY THOMAS r. HENRY.

Confirmation of the existence Of
curious brain waves" has just been
reported to the American Association
for the Advancement of Science by
Drs. H. L. Jasper and Leonard Car
michael of Brown University.
These are cyclic changes in the
electric potential of the brain which
can be detected with electrodes at
tached to the front and rear Of the
head and the impulses amplifled by a
vacuum tube system.
They first were reported a few
months ago by Prof. Hans Berger of
the University Of Jena in Germany,
but received no notice in this country
until Jasper and Carmichael checked
the results independently. Berger
found two systems of oscillations
one of about 10 cycles second and
an electrical potential of between 100
and 200 millionthS of a volt and one
OF about Is cycles second, but with
q very much smaller amplitude. He
referred to them as Alpha and Beta
waves. Other European investigators
found much the same phenomenon
when electrodes were applied directly
to the brain tissue during surgical op-
erations and when they were applied
experimentally to the cerebral cortex
of dogs.
Most significance was attached to
the Alpha waves, the existence of
which has been best confirmed by the
Brown University psychologists. Berger
found that they diminished In magni-
tude during aneSthesia, in epileptic
attacks, and when the subject was
engaged in deep thought. There was
very little variation in the Beta waves.
Jasper and Carmichael, they report,
found convincing evidence of the
Alpha waves distinct from any other
physiological rhythms, such as breath
ing and heartbeat. Ranging between
8 and IL cycles second, they found,
these vary little from day to day for
any one individual. In some patho-
logical cases, however, it was found
that only two or three cycles a second
was recorded. In other cases there
were differences between the waves of
the right and left sides of the brain.
The nature of this brain wave
phenomenon and the range of its
variations will be studied intensively
because of the light it may shed on
brain differences and the possibilities
Of its use for diagnosis.
Il X X X
The earth's surface may be divided
into Climatic energy" areas, accord
ing to a new map prepared by DR.,
Ellsworth Huntington of Yale. d.
Different regions are evaluated on the
basis of all the accumulated correla-
tions between human health and ac-
tivity and geography: The assump-
ton is that, everything else being
equal, human accomplishments would
fall into a natural gradation accord
ing to habitat.
The greatest climatic energy COM
ponent was found in the territory
around the North Sea in Europe,
around the Great Lakes and in some
small sections of the Pacific Coast Of
North America, and in Tasmania,
New Zealand and the southeastern
corner of Australia.
In the second area fall the rest of
Europe, the rest of the Northern
United Etetea and Southern Canada.
Evening star., 1935-01-24
College Sports Should
Be on Higher Standard

To the Editor Of The Star:
The pronouncement by the Board
Of Visitors of the University Of Vir-
ginia that mo compromise will be
made with professionalism" in ath-
letics has found reverberation in
the pen of your illustrious sports COM
mentator, H. C. Byrd of the Univer-
sity of Maryland.
Meditating upon certain passage
in Mr.. Byrds dictum which runs
thus: IF more university boards
would follow the lead of Virginia
there would be less of the objection
able in intercollegiate athletics" the
alumni of the University of Virginia
wonders to what extent he and others
of like influence will take up the cud-
gel in behalf of the return of col
legiate athletics to an amateur status.
Sparkling words of praise may be
ornaments of the moment, but will
they fade into oblivion when the first
cheers of the next foot ball season
resound across the gridiron? Mr..
Byrd as well as some others who have
been deeply impressed with the
courageous action Of the governing
board of the University of Virginia
are in a position to lead the fight
against the subsidizing of college
athletics for their athletic ability.
What a glorious field the present
wholesale hiring Of college athletes
Especially foot bali players) presents
to some honest and influential person
In the sports worldl
We Of the alumni Of the University
Of Virginia are anxious to see our
teams carry of their share of the
honors in the athletic contests in
which they participate. We cannot
sanction any methods whereby they
are to take unfair advantage of their
opponents in doing so, however. Our
only request Is that we be given OIL
fair chance and that other colleges
place their sports on the same planeI
as ours. No college governing board
would want to admit that they wereI
violating the spirit and letter Of the|
rules laid down by their respectivel
conferences Let us continue to fight
with Mr.. Byrd for returning collegeI
athletics to a higher plane.
- FRANK a. COLEMAN \
Evening star., 1935-01-24
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN.

A reader ccn get the dnsDer TO
any question OF fact by uTitin0
The Evening Star Information Bu-
redu, Frederic J. Hdsktn, Director,
Washington, D. c. Please inclose
stamp for reply.
@. What countries have compulsory
automobile insurance laws?-H. K.
A. Norway, Sweden, Denmark and
Great Britain have compulsory auto
mobile insurance laws for every one.
Switzerland and Austria have these
laws for their own nationals.
@. How long has Frank B. Noyes
been president Of the Associated
PresS?-G. N.
A. He has served continuously since
early In 1900.
@. Are the roads Of Puerto Rico un-
der repair?-M. z. @.
A. In Puerto Rico q road improve
ment project calling for the expendi-
ture Of 1000, 900, made available by
O special congressional relief fund, Is
now under way.
@. How many Texas Rangers are
there?-R. r.
A. At one time there we're as many
as 500. Now, however, there are
about rs regular rangers. There are,
however, innumerable special rangers.
@. Does q shark have to turn over
In order to bite?-B. w.
A. It Is one Of the distinguishing
marks Of the shark In its many Spe-
cieF that 1t turns over on its back in
order to attack or bite. This is due to
the formation Of the mouth.
@. What was the inscription on the
base Of the statue Of the Christ Of
the Andes?-L. G. G.
A. It Is said that the following in
scription was engraved on the granite
at the base OF the statue Of the
Christ Of the Andes, erected on the
border between Chile and Argentina:
Sooner shall these mountains crum-
BILE to dust than Argentines and Chi
leans break the peace which at the
feet of Christ the Redeemer they have
sworn to maintain" There Is now
some doubt as to whether these words
were ever inscribed on the monument,
or whether they were merely spoken in
the dedication, for there is no longer
any trace of them.
Q. What is Ferrel's law?-W. A.
A. FerrelS law Is to the effect that
If body moves in any direction on the
earth's surface, there is a DETECTING
force arising from the earth's rota-
ton which defects it to the right in
the Northern Hemisphere and to the
left in the Southern Hemisphere.
@. How many members has the
American Woman's ASsociation?-T.
r. NJ
A. The association, Of which Miss
Anne Morgan Is president, has a mem
bership Of 1000 women, Of whom over
rs per cent are trained for and ac-
lively engaged In q profession or bus
iness.
Q. What is the Book of Kells9-
c. v. H.
A. 1t Is an illuminated copy Of
the gospels in Latin. It also con-
tains local records dating from the
eighth century, and Is preserved in
the library Of Trinity College, Dublin.
Kells is a small market town of
County Meath In Ireland. The Book
Of Kells Is believed by some authori-
ties to be the finest existing example
Of early Christian art.
Q. Did Mark Twain write per
sonal Recollections Of Joan Of Arc"
while living IN Missouri?-H. NJ
A. In 1891 the author went abroad
and, after spending Winter in Ber-
lin, settled in Florence, where he
wrote his Personal Recollections Of
Joan Of Arc" book for which he
declared he had spent IA years in
Evening star., 1935-01-24

/ temperate South America, part Of
South Africa, Southern Australia and
Japan. The rest Of the earth would
fall into third classification.
Curiously enough, maps Of the ex-
tent Of various human activities
such as the percentage of college stu
dents and the number of professional
men in the population-show much
| the same areas Maps of the preva-
lence Of drunkenness. suicide and ILL
gitimacy follow exactly the opposite
trend.
Greenland is about $50 meters far
ther west than it was in 1870, accord
ing to finding reported by a Norwegian
government expedition commanded by
Capt. Hans JelStrup, sent out to check
up the Wegener theory Of the drift OF
continents westward. With the great
est possible allowance made for errors
in the 1870 longitude observations,
Jelstrup reported, a slight westward
drift Of the great land masses seems
confirmed. Greenland is drifting
about one mile every 400 years and it
must have acquired approximately
800,0 900 years to have gotten so far
from Europe, to which it once was
joined.
X 4 X X
The next big volcanic eruption
within the continental United States
need not be expected before 1880, ac-
cording to the calculations of Arthur
Holmes, National Parks Service geolo-
gist, based on the 130-year cycle Of
volcanic activity recently found in
Japan. According to this hypothesis
there is a great outburst every 130
years with a minor period of activity
each IS years. The last active period
of Mount Lessen in California, the
most notable of American volcanoes,
was between 1914 and 1917. Records
show there were eruptions in each
65-year interval preceding.
Evening star., 1935-01-24
Member Of the Associated Press.
Problems for a Health Officer.


DR.. George C. Ruhland, health COM
missioner of Syracuse, is still unde-
cided whether to accept the post Of
District health officer, which the
Commissioners have offered him. The
offer itself is a great compliment, in
view of the high standards set for
the appointee by the committee of
physicians and health experts advising
the Commissioners. But DR.. Rutland
is faced with a sacrifice in salary. His
position in Syracuse pays $500 a
year. The salary of the health officer
here begins at $500 and is graded
up to $7,500.
But Of greater significance are some
of the problems peculiar to a health
officer in Washington, which are
pointed out in an article in the Syra-
cuse Post Standard, describing DR..
Ruhland's possible acceptance of the
post here. This newspaper points out
that DR.. Rutland has been working
in Syracuse with a curtailed budget
amounting to $261, 600, under which he
was required to diminish some health
department services. But in coming
to Washington he would step from the
frying pan into the fire, for the Dis
trict health budget for 1885 is $408,817,
which is less than twice the size of the
Syracuse budget, although the popula-
ton of washington is two and a half
times the population of Syracuse. This
is handicap at the start to health
officer who is expected to make revo-
Iutionary Improvements in the low
health rate of the District, which has
grown so bad that the Nation was
canvassed to find the best available
public health official to correct it.
The newspaper also brings to its
local readers word of the extremely
complicated processes which enter into
the framing of the District of Colun-
bia budget. Says the paper, the ap-
propriations ARE subject to the will
of a congressional committee and OF
the Federal budget director, and,
according to the understanding here,
it is necessary to reach the ear of the
President himself"
DR.. Ruhland having been tentatively
selected as the best man available, the
community will hope that he can find
q way to become the Districts next
health officer. And if he steps into
the job with his eyes open, under
standing the difficulties ahead of him,
that also will be to his credit. Here
he will find himself responsible for
improving certain conditions that are
nothing less than disgraceful in the
Capital City of America. But he will
find that Health Department needs
have very little to do with the amount
of money he is given to meet them.
The amount of money available under
an unsatisfactory system of appro-
priating for Washington is the
measure of Health Department needs,
not the conditions which create the
needs themselves.
It has been seriously suggested that
professional qualifications for health
officer in Washington are of secondary
importance; that the first requisite is
a smooth politician who can coax dol
lars from Congress. There is truth
enough in that theory to make it dis
comforting. But the community is
still willing to put it's faith in profess
sional qualifications for the Job, and,
for that reason, is hopeful the Com
missioners will be successful in getting
the man they are after.
Evening star., 1935-01-24

preparation. 1t was published anony-
mously and he observed to his wife
that 1t meant more to him than any,
thing he had ever undertaken and
that it would never be accented serf-
ously under his own signature.
@. Has Notre Dame University a
course in aerohautical engineering?-
w. B. s.
A. A complete course in aero-
nautical engineering will be offered
at Notre Dame beginning next year.
@. How many telephones are there
IN the world?-F. C. G.
A. The total number Of telephones
in the world is 33,275,000.
@. What Is the loudeSt noise ever
heard?-H. L. M.
A. The loudest noise on record was
the explosion Of Krakatoa, in 1888,
said to have been heard 5000 miles
away.
Q. What is the travellers tree?-
M. L. r.
A. This is a remarkable tree Of
Madagascar and Reunion, with a
straight stem reaching 30 feet in
height and bearing at the top a num-
Der OF large long-stalked leaves which
spread vertically like a fan. The
leaf has a large sheath at the base
in which water collects in such guam
tity as to yield a copious supply.
hence the popular name The plant
Is known botanically as RaVenala
madagascariensis.
Q. How many dogs are there in
New York City?-F. D. A.
A. There are 100000 dogs in New
York City.
Q. What kind of food is cebabci?-
J. r.
A. Cebabci is small pork sausage
which is very popular in Belgrade.
Q. Who coined the old adage. "A
fool and his money are soon
parted"?-D. S.
A. 1t was said by George Buchanan.
the tutor OF James VI Of Scotland to
a courtier after winning a bet as to
which could make the coarser verse.
@. When did part of the land
around Niagara Falls cave imp
NJ. S. r.
A. On August l3. 1884, a part Of the
brink Of Niagara Falls $50 feet long
and Is feet thick, at the lip of the
Horseshoe Falls, tumbled down l6O
feet into the gorge.
@. How large is the fund constitut-
Ing the Nicholas LongWorth Founda-
ton for the furtherance of music?-
L. r.
A. This fund. in the hands of the
Trust Fund Board of the Library of
Congress, has, by successive contri-
buttons, become about $1,000.
@. What President was the latest
to be tnaugurated for a second time
prior to Lincoln?-A. D.
A. President Jackson, who was in
augurated second time in 1888.
@. Where did wheat originate?-
A. NJ. B.
A. Its original home is unknown,
but evidence seems to indicate that
1t Is probably native Of Western
Asia. The cultivation of wheat ante
dates history, as the most ancient
monuments show that at their erec-
ton it had been domesticated. The
ancient Egyptians and Greeks attrib-
uted its origin to some of their deities.
It was cultivated as early as the Stone
Age by the lake dwellers Of Switzer-
land, and in China, where it was con-
sidered direct gift of Heaven. 1t was
grown 2,700 years before the Christian
era. 1t is one of the five species an
nually sown by the Chinese in q pub
lie ceremony. Wheat was not grown
in America prior to Columbus dis
c0verv
Evening star., 1935-01-24
The Coming Message Race.

From the Roanoke (va.) Times.
If the airlines continue to clip time
of their flying schedules, the time
may come when it will be race be-
tween the telegraph and the mail
planes to see which can deliver a
message first.
Evening star., 1935-01-24
Peace at ANY Price.

Peace at Any Price.
They tell us that we must not fight,
Though others may assail us.
These manners, gentle and polite,
In time of need may fail us.
Our taxes now we much repent,
But neighbors still inspect 'em.
How we'd resent some "furrin gent
Sent over to collect 'eml
Evening star., 1935-01-24
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
Depression.

Depression.
When once in beauteous array
The flowers used to grow,
The blizzard breezes fiercely say,
you've got to shovel snow"
The crocus and the violet
Are waiting far below
The drift. Before again they're met
We've got to shovel snow.
And, so, kind friends, the story ends,
Life makes a kindly show
For those of us whom courage lends
The strength to shovel snow.
Evening star., 1935-01-24

An element of previous waste is in
dicated by the undiminished competi-
ton for a Government job, no mat
ter how much the pay may have been
reduced.
Evening star., 1935-01-24
The Other Half.

From the Savannah Morning News.
Even if the relief situation reaches
the stage where one-hah has to sup
port the other half, it will still be
difficult for half the world to know
exactly how the other half lives.
Evening star., 1935-01-24
Education.

"You are going to Europe again?"
Eyes" answered Senator Sorghum.
Il desire as nearly as possible to COM
plete my education. I want to find out
some more about how not to run
a government"
Evening star., 1935-01-24
Japanese Telling.

From the Helena (Mont) Independent.
The Japanese are at least a very
frank people First they tell us that
they are going to tell us they dis
approve the naval agreement; then
they tell us.
Evening star., 1935-01-24

The poetic admiration for a tree
must be increased when it is observed
what wonders a piece Of wood can do
in turning States evidence.
Evening star., 1935-01-24

There is so much to be said at
present that a difficulty arises in
preventing too many people from talk
ing all at once.
Evening star., 1935-01-24

A few blizzard hours should be
endured with patience when the long
Winter nights in Little America are
radiolized.
Evening star., 1935-01-24
Looking Ahead.

From the Lowell Evening Leader.
Sponsors of measure to increase
the salary Of the Governor Of Massa-
chusetts from $4,000 to $4,000 are
said to be Republicans. Optimistic
chApSshkheaa.
Evening star., 1935-01-24
A Stop.Oyer Lure.

From the Lake City (Fqa) Reporter.
Gold is reported to have been dis
covered In Georgia Maybe it's just
q gag to get the tourists to stop be.
koee SheE reach g1oga6As 49,
Evening star., 1935-01-24
No Notoriety Inducements.

No Notoriety inducements.
"Any gunner left in Crimson
Gulch?" asked the travelling salesman.
mo" answered Cactus Joe. Their
personal pride made 'em all get out.
We decided to conduct all proceedings
against 'em without the benefit OF
journalists or photographers"
Evening star., 1935-01-24

Hitler does not swerve from his
course, being in the position Of a
hard driver in a one-way street.
Evening star., 1935-01-24

Jud Tunkins says soap box orator
has at least one asset. In a blizzard
he can use the soap box for kindling.
Evening star., 1935-01-24
Element of CornprehensibiIity

Element Of Comprehensibility.
The brightest man ever knew
Is Einstein, who will place
Before us thoughts that wander
through
Mysterious realms Of space.
He shows me calculations grand,
From which I may select.
Say he, you'll never understand"
This part is quite correct.
"It,s jes' too bad" said Uncle Eben,
"dat good advice is so much harder to
remember dana jazzy dance tuna" -
Evening star., 1935-01-24
THEODORE W. MOVES. Editor
The Evening Star Newspaper Company

Business once:
18th st. and Pennsylvania Ave-
New York once; 10 East 42nd 81.
Chicago once: Lake Michigan Building.
European once II Regent st.. London.
England
Evening star., 1935-01-24

World Court protocols by the Senate.
** ~
Senator Josiah w. Bailey of North
Carolina, discussing the World Court
in the Senate yesterday, very peril
nently remarked that he saw no rea-
son why the United States, Of all the
great nations of the earth, should de-
cline to become a member Of o court
of international justice. He said:
Are we to argue here that there Is
something special about the United
States Of America that we cannot af-
ford to adhere to a court which will
take no Jurisdiction save by and with
our consent? If we take that posi-
ton, Mr.. President, we shall be simply
taking the position that there are no
circumstances under which we are
willing to submit our cause in con-
troversy to tribunal of justice.
"I have heard a good deal said mere
about AmericaniSm. If that attitude
be Americanism, then 1t might be
pleaded in the courts Of the world as
evidence that we are not civilized
people. The only alternative to &C
cepting that voluntary jurisdiction is
the alternative of sitting back here
upon our shores with a strange con-
ceit that we alone are capable Of de-
Gliding disputes between ourselves and
others and that the other nations
must either whip us in battle or we
whip them.
ITO reject the character Of turis-
diction outlined here is to reject the
principle of justice in international
relations, and to reject the principle
of justice in international relations Is
to reject the principle of justice alto
gether, because justice Is not ma.
tional affair"
Evening star., 1935-01-24

@. How many Texas Rangers are
there?-R. r.
A. At one time there were as many
as 500. Now, however, there are
about rs regular rangers. There are,
however, innumerable special rangers.
Evening star., 1935-01-24

@. Does q shark have to turn over
In order to hite?-B. w.
A. 1t Is one Of the distinguishing
marks Of the shark In its many Spe-
cier that it turns over on its back in
order to attack or bite. This is due to
the formation Of the mouth.
Evening star., 1935-01-24

Night Final and Sunday Star zoe per month
Nieht Final Star. ... 55c per month
Collection made at the END OF eacn
month Orders may be sent BY mail or
telephone National 5000.
Evening star., 1935-01-24
Rate by Mail-Payable In Advance.
MARYLAND and virginia.

Daily and sunday. ! yr,. $40. 90; mo-. $50
Sunday only ....1 yr.. 81 90; mo-. 40C
Evening star., 1935-01-24

@. What is Ferrel's law?-W. A.
A. FerrelS law Is to the effect that
If body moves in any direction on the
earth's surface, there is a DETECTING
force arising from the earth's rota-
ton which defects it to the right in
the Northern Hemisphere and TO the
left in the Southern Hemisphere.