davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-04

Here is what Italy gave to
France:
l. Maintenance of an indepen-
dent Austria-keeping the Nazis
out of the chief buffer state which
prevents Hitler from reaching
into Southern Europe.
2. Italian military cooperation
with France in case of attack
from Germany.
Here in turn, is what France
gave to Italy:
l. A free hand in Ethiopia, plus
about 400 square miles of French
territory which controls the
mouth of the Red Sea.
2. Support of the Italian lire by
the Bank of France, thus pre-
venting Italian currency from
depreciating too violently.
All this leaves Britain out in
the cold. That is why she has
been so anxious for at least moral
support from the United States.
+
GO far, the State Department
- has been extremely critical of
Italy, privately, but publicly has
kept aloof. In one conversation
Secretary Cordell Hull made it
quite clear to Italian Ambassador
Rosso where American sympathies
were. But being a timorous soul
he has been afraid to make this
attitude public
So the other day, after talking
with Ambassador Rosso, he said:
When you leave my Office you
probably will be croSs-questioned
by the press
and 1 think you had best tell
them that We were talking about
the new commercial treaty. To
make this idea certain, you had
best go to see Mr.. Grady" Gin
charge of commercial treaties).
And don't go to see Mr.. Dunn"
Gin charge of Ethiopian Italian
studies).
Ambassador RoSso obeyed.
Another important fact cabled
confidentially to Washington is
that the Italian general staff has
vigorously opposed Mussolini.
So strenuous was this opposition
that Gen. Badoglio, chief of the
supreme war council. was side
tracked in favor of a much older
and amenable officer-the former
Minister Of War Gen. III Bono,
one of those who marched with
Mussolini on Rome.
Di Bono's knowledge of military
strategy is doubtful, but his 10y
atty is unqueStioned. He is in COM
mand of the greatest internation-
al tragedy since the World War.
What its final outcome will be, no
one, either in Geneva or Washing
ton, can predict.
(Copyrigit. 1885. BY United Feature
Syndicate. Incl
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-04

ture of air and gasoline through
the carburetor. On the up-Stroke,
the piston congresses this mixture
of air and gasoline.
Just before the time of maxi
mum compression, spark occurs
at the spark plug, igniting the
mixture. The piston is driven down
by the power of the expanding
gases.
On its next trip up, the piston
forces the exhaust gases out of the
proper valves, "scavenging" the
cylinder, to use the technical term.
The four strokes, therefore, are
suction, compression, combustion
and exhaust. 1t will be noted
therefore that only every other
downstroke is a stroke.
The engine would develop twice
as much power if every down.
stroke could be made power
stroke. This results in tWo-cycle
engine. 1t means that the func-
tons of the four-cycle engine
must be condensed into two The
big problem is how to scavenge
the cylinder of the exhaust gases
and refill it with air and gasoline
all on one up-Stroke.
While numerous suggestions
have been brought forward, manu-
facturers of automobiles and other
craft have preferred in general to
stick to the four-cycle engine.
FORMERLY automobile engines
Il compressed the air-fuel mix
ture to a pressure Of about 80
pounds a square inch. Present
high compression" engines oper-
ate at a pressure of 12O to $50
pounds.
The efficiency of any internal
combustion engine is dependent
upon the final compression pres
sure. But it is impossible to go
much higher than the present
high compression gasoline engines.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-04
He Heats EN-; COOIS EN-!

DUT facing this fact there remains Mr.
- Hearts record. He has kidded the American peo-
pie all this time in the towns in which he operates
now churning them up, cooling them down for
the fun of watching them respond like many waltz
ing poodeS in vaudeville act often changing sides
abruptly, Endorsing people issues that he formerly
condemned-A Smith, for exampe-and still re-
manned power" How great a power" do not
know. But sufficient to command attention even
now.
1t would be hard to find national political fig
ure or big issue within Mr.. Hearst'S time that he
has not fought and supported both and always with
tremendous, noisy, patriotic zeal and always with
some following. For example, he supported Frank
Roosevelt last time; but his new invention the
JefferSonan Democratic party is intended to fight
him. And 1t is no sure thing that by election day
next year he won't be humping the tub for Roose-
welt again 1t makes absolutely no difference to
Mr.. Hearst that he has been for or against scan-
dldate or proposition in the past He can't be en-
barrassed and his opinion of the intelligence of his
fellow Americans is so low and based on such sound
experience over the that he never troubles to
justify change. He just switches over and the car
toonlsts and writer's who tearing the heart
out OF some one or something destroy the stuff
they had prepared for tomorrow and stay on over
time doing pictures and pieces from the opposite
viewpoint
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-04

Remember how the tire pump
grew hot as you shaved over it?
At pressure beyond 1870 pounds,
the compressed gases rise to such
high temperatures that they ignite
of their own accord ahead of the
spark.
This "preignition," as it is
called, occurring while the piston
is still moving upward, makes OPP
Grafton of the engine impossible.
But Rudolph Diesel, when he
built his first engine, set out to
take advantage of the very state
of affairs which proved a limit
ing factor on gasoline engines.
LIE eliminated the spark plug,
L Il depending upon this very
heat of compression to ignite the
fuel His plan was to have the
engine suck in nothing but pure
air on the upstroke. There was
then nothing to prevent COM
pressing the air beyond 100 pounds
a square inch. In Diesel engines
today presSures range from 400
to 500 pounds a square inch.
At these pressures, the air rises
to a temperature between 1000
and HOO degrees Fahrenheit.
Then at the proper instant, the
oil is injected or sprayed into the
cylinder. The high temperature
causes it to ignite Immediately
and drive the piston down.
The Diesel engine, it will be
seen, eliminates both spark plug
and carburetor. In principle, the
Diesel engine is simple. But put
ting it into operation was not
quite so simple. Plenty of prob
lens had to be solved.
DR.. Diesel supplied the answer to
some of these problems himself.
Others were slowly conquered as
the years rolled by. Still others
defied solution until the last five
years. Among these were prob
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-04

right to his preferences and Intentions but with only
one vote Of his own? He is all that and more.
Mr.. Hearst owns string of papers and magazines
and some big moving picture interests To be sens-
BILE about it, man with these properties at his
mard naturally has more influence in the commun-
ity than a man who is just nobody. Ideals and
theories are fine paper especially in editorials,
but it is just we'll to acknowledge the facts of life
one of which is that pubsher-even a man with
only paper a small town-outranks in political
Importance the man who has only his vote.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-04

party with a nod to Al Smith, and
this is undoubtedly a develop
ment" in the campaign, so the in
dictment is plain. AT this early
stage of the game it is not much of
a development" TO be sure. but
nobody will deny that his declara-
tion of intentions is much more
important than similar declara-
ton from, say, a man working in
a store.
And just who is Mr.. Hearst that
political announcement from him
is of greater weight than one from
the man next door or a man work
ing with shovel down a hole? He
is Just one man. isn't he. with a
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-04

be driven to the history books ascertain pre-
cisely what the contending forces in the con-
sttutional convention and to mark the places where
compromises were accepted which were not wholly
satisfactory to anybody
History is going to play greater part than ever
in the coming campaign If the Republicans have
really tough fight in nominating a man for Presi-
dent it's quite possible that somebody will slip
Gen. Israel Putnam Patrick Henry the vice
presidential nominee And Thomas jefferson never
stood better chance of receiving a unanimous vote
of confidence 1t looks very much as if he will be
the ghost rider every ticket.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-04

opens today.
The plan is to let the Italians
attack, win two or three important
victories, including the capture of
Adowa (where Italians we're mas
sacred in 1896, then let France
and England step in to bring
about peace.
According to the confidential
cables. Laval has indicated that
this plan already has been APP
proved by Premier Mussolini. All
II Ouce wants is a chance to pa
rade his triumphant legions
through the streets of Rome and
subsequently begin the economic
conquest of Ethiopia.
This conquest, according to the
Laval plan. would be quite plaus-
ible after Italy had administered
two or three defeats to the I'M
disciplined. unequipped armies of
Emperor Halle Selassie.
Italy would build railroads, i'm
port farmers, police Ethiopia with
Italian troops. gradually bring the
one independent empire Of Africa
completely under the Fascist flag.
One thing about this plan is ex-
tremely signiicant-thef fact that
it is put forward by France. In
other words, France is hand in
glove with Italy in her present
plans of conquest.
Another significant fact is that
this plan will not be discussed pub
licly st the special League session.
THERE will be many high
Il sounding phrases, many ap-
peals for peace, many peace for
mulaS. But the sum total of all
these public maneuverings will be
ph-hh-h-t!
The League will get nowhere.
There was a day when it could.
Even as recently as 1881, when
Henry L. Stimson threw more
American cooperation behind the
League than ever has been known
before, it might have succeeded
in blocking the japanese conquest
of Manchuria.
But France and Britain were
not interested in Manchuria. It
was too far away. so they stabbed
Stimson in the back. The League
Topped.
Now when Europe is vitality in
tereSted. the League can not come
back. 1t is too late. Public con-
fidence has evaporated.
And this time the United
States is watching from the side
lines.
The reason Laval is putting for
ward a plan which means the
eventual conquest of Ethiopia is
that for the first time in years,
France has deserted the British.
She has gone over 10 the side
of Italy in exchange Tor favors
received. 1t has been a shrewd
piece of bargaining.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-04
Your Health
BY DR.. MORRIS FISHBEIN-

MILK has been called from time to time the most
1NI nearly perfect food and has received a good
many other encomiums to its quality in the diet
It has been said that every child should have at
least quart of milk each day. this including. of
course the milk taken in soups, in cereals and des
serts we'll as that drunk from glass.
Figures for the United States a whole show
that actually getting about l91 quarts of milk
a person a year. which means about one-hah the
milk scheduled for a healthful diet
In 1893. according to the Department of Agricul-
ture. the used 154 quarts person year.
In 1884 investigators made a study OF the con-
sumption of milk in Philadelphia. They found that
the highest weekly average to the person was in
Jewish families using 2 Sc quarts of milk followed
by The native white and the Irish with 253 quarts,
and the North European groups with PA.
Negroes were found TO use only Isl quarts OF
milk a week. and families from the Mediterranean
district 1Si quarts.
CTUDIES we're made of the extent to which milk
- enters the diet in relationship to the family in
Fresh milk is used, of course, largely by those
Of fairly good incomes.
Persons using condensed or evaporated milk used
it in 81 per cent of cases because of its relatively
cheap price; in so per cent because of its conve-
nence and IN is per cent OF cases because the user
liked that kind of milk.
From the point of view of nutritional value. the
evaporated milk is Of course equal TO the fresh.
When people were asked why they consumed milk,
Is per cent Of the had to do with its health
value per with doctors orders. rs per cent be-
cause they liked milk
OF more interest however. from the point of view
~ of public health. is the fact that so 10 90 per
cent Of children between the ages of and 10 drink
milk regularly. From 10 10 years of age there was
decline, and from to II years a really extern
sve decline.
The schools and school lunch have come to be an
important factor in the movement for drinking more
milk as significant part of the human diet.
Today milk is a safe substance controlled by pub
lie health rules but not yet is it taken TO the extent
that it should be and not yet do growing children
receive as much milk as they should have for the
future benefit Of the development Of the race
Q-Is prize money in a contest taxable as
income by the Federal government?
Ayes.
Glow many persons named Smith, johnson
and Brown are there in the United States?
Am estimate made in 1927 gives Smith,
100000 johnson, 100000, and Brown, 10000.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-04
Haywood BROUN

T WONDER what these presidential candidates
think We columnists are made Of. 1t looks
as II ne were in for a campaign Of more than
year in duration that will be unusually Cruel
ling.
I remember some of them were actually diverting
but in other years nothing much happened until
after the conventions met in June or July, and none
Of the fighting speeches occurred much before the
middle of September.
With more than year TO go the active contend
ers and their supporters have already used up all
the adjectves and all the arguments before the fight
has really begun Of course, the is that the
same set pieces will be busted off and used all
again. And very much fear, again and again and
again.
I shudder to think of the number Of times I must
read that Herald Tribune editorial about broken
pledges" and II discouraging to realize
that William Randolph Hearst is gong to use at
least 365 times more that leader
/ about defending the Constitution"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-04
1t Is Not Anuzinq

IS one thing to enjoy Mr.. Hearst for just what
l. ne is. but something else to take him seriously
and believe what he says on political matters But
am afraid it is all too true that there are not few
citizens gullible enough to take him seriously.
It is amazing
No. let's not get naive again.
1t is not amazing that there are still people en-
titled to the vote who are innocent enough to read
Mr. Hearsts intentions, his ringing letters to him.
self on the subject of Americanism his yearning for
horse-and-buggy democracy, written in his castle
on his fabulous barony in California and believe in
him. That's just it. 1t isn't amazing at all Because
who is going to contend that people who followed
Mr. Hearst in of his past political adventures
undertaken in sheer payfulness just to see if any
one would follow him, should suddenly grow wise?
like to read his editorials, particularly his trib-
utes to the horse and-buggy fathers of this great
democracy, and picture the old man sitting in his
moving picture castle on his private mountain range
in California, with his art galleries, his stables full
of horses, cars and planes and his sense of power
thousands of men, chucklng to himself as he
goes back his stuff to stick in the word democ
racy" here and there.
That Hearst! He is a one!
Copyright. 1885 by Unite Syndicate
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-04
PASTOR CLUB SPEAKER
ups and Downs of Hill Billy" Is
Minister'S Topic.

The Rev. Aubrey Moore was the
speaker before the luncheon meet
ing of the Universal Club yesterday.
A native of Virginia. Mr.. Moore
spoke on The Ups and Downs Of a
Hill Billy" The club is planning
stag for its members next week.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-04
auEnough
BY
WESTbROOK PEGLER

ME fact that after all these years and in view Of
his record the political intentions Of William Ran
dolph Hearst are conceded even the most trifing i'm
portanCe seems to to constitute about the most
embarrassing reproach that it is possible to deliver
against people who claim the right to govern them
selves. 1t suggests that they aren't quite ready for
the responsibility.
Vet Mr.. Hearst has declared himself in favor Of
something which he calls Jeffersonian Democratic
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-04
Quake Rocks Southern Formosa

By United PTess
TOXIC, Sept. A Commute
earthquake rocked the Shiino-Tan-
sui-Kei River district of southern
Formosa, inhabited by head hunt
ers, the Nippon Dempo Agency cor
respondent at Takao. FormoSa, re-
ported today. Details were I'M
known, the dispatch said.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-04

ing the English Channel for a con-
ference with the British admiralty,
built his famous engine.
EVERY engine, in fact, may be
~ regarded as pump operating
in reverse of the usual function of
a pump. A pump consists of a
cylinder in which is fitted a NOV
ing piston. You apply energy to
the piston to accomplish some
given task. In the tire pump it
is to compress air. In the farm
yard pump it is to raise water.
In the engine you release energy
inside the cylinder to make the
piston go up and down. The ex-
pansive power of the hot steam
moves the piStons of the steam
engine.
The first attempt at an internal
combustion engine, appropriately
enough, employed the explosive
violence of gunpowder to move the
piston in the cylinder. 1t was
made by the Able DHautefeuille
in 1878. Attempts at gas engines
were made in 1891, but it vas not
until almost a century later that
they became practical.
The gasoline engine used in au-
tomobiles today is the direct de-
scendent of the one which DR..
Nicholas A. Otto built in 1878.
This employed the four-cycle
principle, sometimes known as the
otto cycle"
THE cycle begins with the piston
Il moving down in the cylinder.
AS it does so, it draws in a mix
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-04
TWO MORE PWA LOANS
FOR INDIANA APPROVED
WPA Allotments for County Roads
Are Also Granted.

Are Also Granted.
By Times Special
WASHINGTON, Sept. 1.-Two
PWA loans and grants and WPA al
lotments amounting to S1,30000O for
county roads in Indiana were ap-
proved yesterday by the Aministra~
ton.
Potoka was given $4,000 of Fed
eral funds and a $4,000 PWA loan
for waterworks construction. Green
dale got a $35.385 PWA grant for
sewers. Farm-to- market WPA
grants went to the following coun-
ties; De Kalb, S13,431; Greene, $3.50;
Johnson, $13,112; Lawrence, S21,-
$50; Montgomery, S22.47O; Orange,
S2114; Vigo, S1,179,6O7, and White,
S17,115.
Bargersville got s18,91S for street
improvements.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-04

lens which had to await the in
vention of tougher steels, lighter
aluminium alloys and the like for
their solution. These were some
which held back Diesel develop
ment.
TINE chief problem, it is obvious,
4 was that of injecting the fuel
into the cylinder. However high
the compression in the cylinder,
greater pressure must be put be-
hind the fuel. Obviously. this is
the only way the fuel could be
forced into the cylinder.
Today. some Diesel engines en-
ploy a super charger. that is a fan
or blower which rusheS the air in
to the cylinders under pressure in
stead of permitting the cylinder
merely to suck in air. This causes
still higher pressure in the cylinder
and adds to the difficulty of in
jecting the oil.
n llQIIlDCI VI COlllOdll1CO OONoJ
are also building two-cycle Diesel
engines.
These require the injection of oil
at the top of every up-stroke of
the piston instead of every other
one. Still more work for the in
jector. And of course, the faster
the engine runs, the faster the
injector must work.
Two types of injectors are in
general use. One type is mounted
directly on the head of each CYL
inder. AS many injectors as there
are cylinders are needed.
The other type, known also as
fuel pump, is in essence a minia-
ture engine with a tiny cylinder
for each cylinder of the engine.
Tiny pistons operating in these
little cylinders measure and pump
the oil through a system of tubes
to the atomizers in the heads of
the cylinders Of the engine itself.
TOmOrrOw-What the Diesel is
doing to the railroads.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-04
M0TORMAN is ROBBED

Bandit Holds Up Street Car
Operator, Takes Changer.
A man armed with a blue steel
revolver held up William Archer, 45.
of 3010 Graceland-av, street car OPP
orator at Troy-av and Shelby-st,
early today, Mr.. Archer reported.
The robber took money changer and
change box and Mr.. Archer was un-
able to say how much had been
stolen.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-04
Wearing Array the Rock

IN fact, I wonder if the best hope
Il for amendment does not lie in
the efforts of those who would
preserve the Constitution against
any change whatsoever. 1t seems
to me that before the year is up
some of us may grow more than
a little weary of being told that
the document was handed down
from Mount Sinai and is inspired
in each and every paragraph. 1t
is even possible that somebody may
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-04
DAILY WASHINGTON
MERRY-GO-ROUND

VXTASHINGTON Sept. 4-Prmer
w
Highly inspiration
cabed Washington the
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-04

A TINY nozzle, discharg-
ing a spray of oil so
fine it is almost invisible,
but shooting out that spray
with the explosive violence
of a machine gun, timing
the spray to a thOuSandth
of a second, and measuring
the amount of oil in it with
the precision of a pharma-
cist filling a prescription.
That tiny nozzle, repeating its
precise duty IS or 16 times a
second for hours at a time, is the
heart of the Diesel engine whose
rapid invasion of the railroad,
marine, truck, automobile and
possibly airplane field, is expected
to lead America out of the depres-
sion and into a new era of cheap
power, the Diesel age.
More exactly, the mechanism
behind the nozzle is the heart of
the Diesel, the mechanism which
measures the oil, raises its pres
sure, and shoots it out OF the
nozzle at the precise thouSandth
of a second.
Known technically as the injec-
tor, it represents a triumph of
present-day engineering. It's sue
ceSSful achievement explains why
the Diesel is ready to come into
its own. Its previous lack explains
why the gasoline engine outdis-
tanced the Diesel in the early
days of the century.
DUT before we can fully ap-
Dpreciate the injector we must
examine the underlying principles
Of Diesel engines and engines in
general.
Perhaps in the bicycling days of
your youth or the early days of
automobiling you were confronted
with the strenuous task of pump
ing up a tire by hand. Perhaps
as you sweated over the pump you
noticed that not only did you
grow warm but that the pump
did likewise.
There you had demonstration
of the basic principle of the Diesel
engine. The tire pump demon
strated that when you compressed
air its temperature rose.
Upon that principle, DR.. Ru-
dolph Diesel, the German inventor
who was born in Paris, educated
in England and Munich, and who
was drowned in 1913 while cross
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-09-04

The injector, shooting its spray
of oil into the cylinder is the
heart of the Diesel engine. Artist
Combes pictures the injector and
symbolizes its Importance in this
decorative sketch.