davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Nespelem tribune. [volume] (Nespelem, Wash.) 1934-1936, 1935-01-30
Irrigation Project
Urged By O'Sullivan
Secretary Of Columbia Basin Asks
State To Act; Will
Report

POkANE,-JameS O'Sullivan, sec
rotary of the Columbia Basin, in his
report to the Washington state le-
gislature that he is scheduled to
make this week, will state his be-
lief that the most gigantic irrigation
district ever created in the United
States will have to be formed the
first thing in the event the Grand
Coulee high dam is authorized. He
adds that the state will have to in
terest itself as it will be too large a
project for any local group.
Mr.. O'Sullivan will ask that the
Columbia Basin commission or some
other body should be in existence
to carry on the preliminary work in
the formation of such district, as
it will be necessary to test out the
special legislative act of 1927, in
several provisions. The federal gov
eminent will not build the district
until all legal tests have been COM
pleted, it is said.
Continuation of the commission
also will be urged as an organiza-
ton necessary to see that further
appropriations in connection with
the dam project are obtained from
congress; the study of the power
market and to determine where the
current produced may be sold.
ct is the cooperation of the state
which has brought the project into
existence" the legislature will be
informed, in which the commission
has performed a vital part in &C.
menting favorable opinion and ap-
probation of the Importance of the
project to Washington, it is said.
The report will show the total
value of the 10 major contracts let
by the government up to.January l
is $31, 8OO,192 of which the earnings
of the contractors at the first of the
year were $2,2O0,OOO. These earnings
now are increasing rapidly because
of the large amount of excavation
under way, this beingN particularly
the case with the MWAK company,
general contractors of the dam.
Crick g. Kinney of Spokane, whose
original contract was 1921 900, now
have earnings of $467, 900, because
of the slide increasing the yardage
excavated.
Earnings of David Ryan total
100000 as of January l, due to the
large excavation job of 5000, 900
yards of his construction of the
government railroad. Now slide
which has threatened the railroad
will boost his earnings about $780,
900 more, to total of 81, 100000.
Ryan's earnings led at the begin
ming of the year, but with the
MWAK now moving tremendous
yardage daily the latter's figures are
mounting in big totals. At the first
of the year they were estimated at
100000.
The states investment in the pro-
ject up to January l was $l,100,0OO
which included 100000 for high
ways.
The Nespelem tribune. [volume] (Nespelem, Wash.) 1934-1936, 1935-01-30

their annual meeting in Spokane
last week.
A. G. Adams continues as general
agent, or coordlnating officer; E. M.
Ehrhardt as president of the Fed
eral Land bank; w. E. Meyer as
president Of the Federal informed =
ate Credit bank and E. E. Henry as
president of the Production Credit
corporation. Mr.. Adams also was
reelected to serve in the dual capa-
city as president of the Bank for
Cooperatives, with Ira T. Wight re-
elected as executive vice president
in charge of the cooperative banks
operations.
The board of directors, composed
of three members elected by the
three classes of FCA borrowers and
four appointed by the Governor OF
the FCA, serves concurrently for all
four institutions. AS coord1nating
body it also meets as the farm credit
council for the 18th district. One
member is yet to be appointed. Pre-
oCAlU IllclllUClS DIS DIS 1OA1OWo. W. <1s
Schoenfeld, Corvallis, Ore; E. E.
King, Pullman; D. H. Mackay, Con-
don, Ore; r. E. Brown, Bozeman,
Montana; p. Thompson, Valley, B.
D. Thompson, Granger. Mr.. Schoen-
field was elected by the board to be
it's chairman.
The four FCA units of the 18th
district-serving primarily as fiscal
agencies or mediums through which
farmers may go collectively to pri-
vate investors for long-term capital
and short-term operating funds
last year extended $134,OOO,O00 in
credit to farmers of the four north
west states. Farmers obtain this
service through stockholding MEM
bership in their local credit associa-
tons which operate on the cooper
ative plan.
The Nespelem tribune. [volume] (Nespelem, Wash.) 1934-1936, 1935-01-30
School Officials
To Meet In Tacoma
District Directors And County
Superintendent To Hold
Joint Convention

District school directors and
county superintendent of the state
will meet at joint convention
Wednesday and Thursday, February
6 and z, at Tacoma, Mrs. Ella M.
Watkins, county school superintend-
ent, has announced.
The session will be held at the
Winthrop hotel. All persons inter-
ested in educational affairs are in
vted to attend the meeting, Mrs.
Watkins has been informed. Pro-
posed legislation having a bearing
on school financing will be discussed
and studied at the meeting.
The Nespelem tribune. [volume] (Nespelem, Wash.) 1934-1936, 1935-01-30
Quick ThaW Causes
Ice Jam Problem
Sends Ice Islands Floating Down
Rivers In County; River
damned

An old-fashioned January thaw
which turned Okanogan county
rivers into flowing masses of bro
ken, jagged ice, Saturday threaten
ed bridges over the Twisp river in
the Methow valley, and made ex-
treme protective measures neces-
sary in order to avoid danger of a
devastating flood in the town OF
Twisp.
The same thaw broke the ice COW
ering of the Okanogan river early
Sunday morning, sending huge
Islands" of the piled-up ice down
the river. Several minor jams
formed yesterday between Omak
and Okanogan, and the same con-
dition exists the length of the
river. It is not believed, however,
that there is danger of the jams
causing floods in this vicinity I'M
less they reach a much greater
height than at present.
Use Dynamite
At Twisp the crisis of the flood
was reached at 10 O'Clock Saturday
morning, when jams were cleared
by dynamiting and the use Of a
forest service caterpillar tractor,
which cleared the channel and al
lowed flood waters which covered
lower areas of the town to recede.
Several families were forced +.
move from their homes when wa
ter, ice and snow piled to levels
even with the windows of the hous
.es. With six feet of snow recorded
at the end of the school bus line
up the 1swisp river, a continued
thaw is expected to continue the
flood.
The Nespelem tribune. [volume] (Nespelem, Wash.) 1934-1936, 1935-01-30
DETERMINE BEST FEEDS
FOR FATTENING LAMBS

PULLMAN-Lamb fattening ex-
periments at the department. of an
imal husbandry, Washington State
college, show a decided advantage
in feeding some succulent feed to
fattening lambs. Gull potatoes, fed
whole or chopped, Gull silage and
Gull apples all proved highly effic-
lent.
Lots receiving these succulent
feeds not only made greater gain
but more economical gains than
those receiving grain and hay alone.
Potatoes ranked first as a succulen
feed, and apples and hay Stag
proved practically equal.
The Nespelem tribune. [volume] (Nespelem, Wash.) 1934-1936, 1935-01-30
State Institutions
Get 81 From County
Twenty-Five Of Number Sent To
Prison During Two Year 81
Period

OLYMPIA, Jan. % = Okanogan
county sent 81 charges to state
penal and eleemosynary insti-
buttons during the last two years,
records of the department of busl-
ness control showed.
AT the end of the 1924 hi.
ennium, there were more than
10000 persons in state institutions.
Admissions and commitments dur
ing the two-year period totaled
5,485 and discharges, including re-
leases, transfers, escapes and deaths,
appropriated 1882.
Thirteen hundred convicts were
released from the state prison, 6C8
from the boys training school, 220
Hospital Patients Gain
The four state hospitals admitted
2,210 patients and discharged 2,O32.
The Northern state hospital was the
only one of the four to release more
from the girls reformatory and
1922 from the Monroe reforrnatory
patients than it received-725
against 706.
Commitments and discharge
records disclosed: Western hospital,
received 500 Il year,, discharged
572 Il year,; Eastern hospital, re-
ceived 604, discharged 500; Northern
hospital, received 706, discharged
725; Custodial School, received Sol,
discharged 1888; Totals 2,21O re-
ceived, 2,032 discharged.
Penal: Penitentiary, received
1868, discharged 1910; Boys Train
ing School, received $50, discharged
sos; Girls Training School, re-
ceived 143, discharged 220; Reform
atory, received 962, discharged 1922:
totals, 3,248 received and $3.50 dis.
charged.
Okanogan County
Okanogan county's contributions
were segregated as follows:
Penitentlary, 81; Boys training
school, g.; girls training school, /;
reformatory, Z; hospitals, Except
ing Westerly 10; Custodial school
3; total, 81.
The Nespelem tribune. [volume] (Nespelem, Wash.) 1934-1936, 1935-01-30
Blame Fog, Ice
For Auto Wrecks
Mail Carrier Has Three Car
Accidents Saturday
Night

: A combination OF glazed, icy
roads and "pea soup" fog was held
responsible for three serious wrecks
in which cars driven on the Wen
atchee-Oroville route by Paul White.
mail carrier, We're involved Satur-
day night.
The surprising series of mishaps
began when Whites car and a
Washington Motor Coach company
bus collided south of Chelan, prac-
tically demolishing the mail car
rier'S machine.
Switching to a second car he pro-
crossed safely as far as Brewster,
The Nespelem tribune. [volume] (Nespelem, Wash.) 1934-1936, 1935-01-30

Subscribe For The Tribune
The Nespelem tribune. [volume] (Nespelem, Wash.) 1934-1936, 1935-01-30

a portion of wages, were submitted
House and senate committees
next week were expected to begin
turning out bills for legislators to
vote on. Sessions thus far have
been limited to introduction of bills
and action on a few memorials and
resolutions.
The Nespelem tribune. [volume] (Nespelem, Wash.) 1934-1936, 1935-01-30
FARM CREDIT GROUP
ELECTS NEW OFFICERS

SPOKANE Directors of the four
agricultural credit agencies which
comprise the Farm Credit admins
tration of Spokane Federal Land
Bank, Federal intermediate Credit
bank, Production Credit corpora
ton and Bank for Cooperatives-
Evening star., 1935-05-26

their normal. Vacancies are decreas-
ing, collections are more prompt and
rents are slightly higher. After two
years the involved conditions affect
ing properties in default are being un-
tangled and a better administration
is producing larger net returns. This
applies primarily to real estate in
New York and vicinity, though i'm
provement is to be found in localities
from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
While commodities and corporation
securities struck bottom in 1882, real
estate did not touch its low point
until last year 1t has every oppor-
tunity now for moving forward.
Banks and trust companies are ad-
vertising more liberality in local real
estate loans, after being protected by
insurance against loss under the Fed
eral housing act The provision in
the new banking law permitting ma
tional banks to lend on amortized
mortgages up to IS per cent of their
appraised value is obviously too lib
eral and should be modified. A 662a
ratio at present appraiSalS would add
substantial equity in time to the port
folios of banks that negotiated such
loans. AS for the private investor, it
is suggested that he pick up local
mortgages and dispose of at least Is
per cent of his high-priced corpora
tion bonds to provide the funds. An
other Is per cent is recommended
for deprecated corporation bonds and
5 per cent for common stocks that
paid dividends up to 1880.
(Copyright. 1895. by the North American
Newspaper Alliance, Inc.)
Evening star., 1935-05-26
BONDS ARE STEADY
AS VOLUME DROPS
Averages of Associated
Press Unchanged to or
of a Point Higher.
BY G. A. PHILLIPS,

Associated Press Financial Writer.
NEW YORK, May 25.-The bond
market appeared a little tired today
after Fridays stiff workout and quoted
values remained almost stationary.
Sales dropped to $4,132,O00, par
value, compared with $5,260,00O last
Saturday and the Associated Press
averages were unchanged to OF of a
point higher.
While there were numerous indi-
vidual exceptions, the main body of
bonds ended the session in the plus
column but gains we're small and
there were many unchanged. Further
accumulation of a few issues was in
evidence when new 1885 highs were
established by Colon Oil 6s at 5915
and East Cuban Sugar TBS at 1914.
Other firm spots included two issues
OF New Orleans, Texas & Mexico Rail-
road, Purity Bakeries SIS, Southern
Railway As of 1888, Union Pacific 4las
and Bell Telephone SIS. Liggett &
Myers Is came within striking dis
tance of the 1885 high at 1925.
Easing tendencies were noted among
a number Of utilities and industrials.
American & Foreign Power dropped
to 6l2s but came back strongly to
close at 621s, off 81 on balance, and
North American Edison 51as lost 9s
of a point at 987s. Others yielding
slightly included obligations of Inter-
national Telephone, Postal Telegraph
and Remington Rand.
U. S. Governments were extremely
quiet and the smallest of fractional
changes were the rule at the end.
Federal farm mortgage 23as and IS
were the most active issues and ad-
vanced fractionally Treasury loans
were 1-32nd lower to 3-32nds higher
and Liberties we're about unchanged.
A sharp rise in italian bonds fol-
lowing announcement that the rela-
tions between that country and Ethi-
opia were improving featured the for
eign section. The government Is ad-
vanced points to 8534 and Milan
61as we're about that much better
There was little change in other for
eign issues.
Evening star., 1935-05-26

Continued From First Page)
Carroll B. Merriman, Riggs National
Bank: Howard Moran, American Sc
curity & Trust Co.. Charles Carroll
Morgan, c. Mp Murphy & Co.; Mr..
and Mrs Chester Morrill,, Federal Re-
serve Board.
William Miller, Brown Hartman
Co., Inc; James Parker Nolan, Folger,
Nolan & Co.. Inc; L. Bert Nye, Ameri-
can Surety Co. of New York.
Mr.. and Mrs. A. Scott Offutt, the
City Bank.
Mr. and Mrs. John E. Parker. G..
Mp. Murphy & Co.; Mr.. and Mrs.
A. Harding Paul. Munsey Trust Co.;
Lee H. Paulger, Federal Reserve
Board; Frank M. Perley. American
Security & Trust Co.; c. H. Pope,
Munsey Trust Co.; Miss Daisy Prem
tiss, Second National Bank; Ord Pres
ton, Union Trust Co.; Mr.. and Mrs.
Lawrence NJ Proctor, Alexander
Brown &, Sons.
Mr.. and Mrs George F. Rainey,
Riggs National Bank; L. H. Rider
National Metropolitan Bank; J. Will
liam Roberts, Y E. Booker & Co.;
Mr.. and Mrs. Louis Rothchild, Better
Business Bureau.
w. L. Sanderson, Hamilton National
Bank; John Saul, B. F. Saul Co.;
George o Schweinhaut, Washington
Loan g. Trust Co.; Mr.. and Mrs.
Frederick P. H. Siddons, American
Security & Trust Co.; William v. Sim
mons, Liberty National Bank; Mr.. and
Mrs. John Lewis Smith, Riggs Ma
tional Bank; Horace G. Smithy, Ham,
ilton National Bank; Frank Stetson,
National Savings & Trust Co.; H. F.
Stokes, National Metropolitan Bank;
Edward c. Stone, Evening Star News
paper Co.; Holly Stover, Riggs Ma
tional Bank; Mr.. and Mrs. A. Burks
Summers, General Credit Corp. of
Washington, D. c.
S. Percy Thompson, American Sc
curity & Trust Co.; Mr.. and Mrs.
Eliot H. Thomson, Washington Loan
& Trust Co.; Mr.. and Mrs. Oscar A.
Thorup, Remington Rand, Inc; Nor
man E. Towson, Washington Loan &
Trust Co.; Frank Ullmer, National
Savings & Trust Co.
George o. Vass, Riggs National
Bank; r. Karl Won Lewinski, Wash
ington Post; w. j. Waller. Hamilton
National Bank; Mr.. and Mrs. Mar
tin r. West. Riggs National Bank;
j. Frank White, National Bank of
Washington; Roger ]. Whiteford,
Hamilton National Bank; Mr.. and
Mrs Ralph NJ Wolfe, Mackubin, Legg
dz Co.; Mr.. and Mrs. Norris Wright,
Newark, Del, and I. L. Xanders, York
Safe & Lock Co.
Evening star., 1935-05-26
Baltimore Markets
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
BALTIMORE, Md, May 25-Witf
the exception Of young broiling chick.
ems, the live poultry market rule.
generally easy, with values on somt
lines showing a slight decline from
last week.
While demand is fairly good, 1t 1!
centered almost entirely on large, fat
stock, and poor, thin fowl generally
moves slow and has to be sold al
sharp discounts.
Rock broilers are bringing top prices
of 25 and rs cents a pound, with
mixed. colored, selling mostly % te
25, but Leghorns will not bring ovel
18 TO %.
Old hens show a slight decline al
% for Rocks, 20 to % for mixed
colored and 16 to 18 for Leghorns
with old roosters selling mostly IL tt
IA. Young ducks in more liberal re-
ceipt and values lower at 90, with
white varieties selling to best ad-
vantage.
Egg Market Steady.
The egg market shows little change
from last week, holding firm under
fairly good consumptive demand, but
little business on the exchange out
side of sales for storage purposes
The market closed today at 241a cents
a dozen for large hennery whites and
231h for medium henperieS and cur
rent receipts. Buyers are very critical
as to quality, however. and prompt
shipments and careful grading are ad-
visable to bring best results.
Market for old potatoes continues
dull, with values mostly in buyers
favor at SIS to so per hundred pounds
with mixed, ungraded selling mostly
As and so. Sweet potatoes IN light
receipt and values show an advance
over last week at 1.25 to lao buShel
but overlarge. mixed stock will not
bring over 100 to lis.
Market for native and nearby gar
den truck holds steady under fairly
Sight receipts and fairly good de-
mand at the following quotations
Asparagus, 125 10 ESQ dozen: cab
bage, 60 to 80 hamper; lettuce. rs tc
100 basket; peas, sc to Its bushel;
rhubarb, 200 to 400 hundred, and
spinach, 20 to so bushel.
Live Stock Quiet.
The live stock market Oh the
wharves generally dull, with demand
easily satisfied and centered mostly on
first quality stock at the following
quota tions:
Beef cattle-First quality, pound
912 to 11l2; common to medium, 6A
to 81; bulls, as to quality, Az to tx
cows, good, 61a to 712; common, AZ
to 614; calves, medium to good, 61a II
9la; common, 512 to 6l2; sheep. 2 to
Al; Spring lambs, good to choice, 81:
to 10A; common TO medium, s to 812
Fall lambs, 515 to 8A: hogs, good and
choice. 8l2 to 1012; sows, 6A 80 BIZ
pigs, 812 to l012.
Closing grain quotations: Wheat
No. red Winter garlicky spot. do
mestic, 9312; May delivery, 931a
Corn, No. 2 yellow spot, domestic, SO
Western billing at a premium ovel
this price. Cob corn, nominal. Oats
No 2, white, domestic, 58a63; No.
57a62. Rye, nearby, No. 2, rs. Barley
go
Evening star., 1935-05-26
CHICAGO PRODUCE.

CHICAGO. May 25 P.-Poultry. live,
a trucks steady: hens, 5 pounds and less,
%; more than 3 pounds. 10; Leghorn
hens, 17l2; Rock fryers, 24l2a25; colored.
2312; Rock Springs, 26 colored. "a; Rock
broilers, %; colored. 81: Leghorns. 17l2a
49,. barebacks. 17a19; roosters, IA; hen
than "a pounds. 15Ka; geese, 12.
Potatoes, 80: on track. 264; total o. s.
shipments. $40. Old stock dull, supplies
liberal. demand and trading slow Sacked
per hundredweight: wisconsin round
whites, ., s. No. !, s71aa72la; Michigan
Russets. U. s. No. 1. i .65; fne quality.
large. 1.S0. New stock dull, supplies lib
eral. demand and trading slow; Louisiana
Bliss Triumphs. U; S. No. and partly
graded. 1.55; Alabama Bliss Triumphs,
U. s. No. l. 1.65a1.70.
Butter, 13,431; weak Creamery-Spe-
eials t93 score), 26a26h; extras 1922.
(Ss-S9). 231aa24: seconds (s6-SO, %;
standards 100. centralized carlotsl. 25H
24E2; fresh graded frsts. 2324a24 "a; cur
rent receipts, 23A; storage packed hrsts.
2431: extras. o5
Butter futures storage standards No
vember. 263s: fresh standards. June. 25A.
Egg futures, refrigerator standards. Octo-
Der. 26h.
Evening star., 1935-05-26
BONUS VETO EASES
INITIATION FEARS,
u. S. BONDS HIGHER

Continued From First Page.)
Evening star., 1935-05-26
NEW YORK SUGAR.

NEW YORK. May 25 R,.-Raw sugar
was quiet today and as no sales were re-
ported. spot prices we're UNCHANGED at 335,
Futures were higher on a resumption OF
Wall st; and commission house buying
Final prices were at the best, of the session
tract and . to points in the No. /.
Sales; $3.50 in the No. 3 and 100 in the
No. !. September No sold up to 257
and December at 2.62. closing at these
levels
Refined was UNCHANGED at 5.25. with q
little better withdrawal reported.
Evening star., 1935-05-26
Pa IL Zenith Radio. 800.
Al 3 Zonite Products. -.

DIVIDEND rates the annual
based the latest quarterly
Unit OF trading less Annual rate plus
extra Accumulated dividends Paid year Paid
reorganiZed dividend - 0~'As
Evening star., 1935-05-26
NEW YORK BANK STOCKS
SAVANNAH NAVAL STORES

SAVANNAH. May 25 R-Turpeptine
merits. 81; stock. 26.702. Rosin Arm
sales. 1.099; receipts. g 122: no shipments;
stock. 1876. Quote: B. 3.45; D.
4.52 1sa55: l. 455: K 455a57h; M. 4.6O;
N. 5.0Oa5.05; VIC. $685. WV, $50; K,
Evening star., 1935-05-26
BANKERS DISCLOSE
RESERVATIONS LIST
FOR CONVENTION

Continued From First Page.)
Evening star., 1935-05-26

"a TN Yale & Towne (6Oc)
~ 2s4 Yellow Truck.
~ 3lk Yellow Truck pf. =.
26 1S Young Sp & W CID
Pin ~13 Youngstown SGT.
Sc 3812 Youngstwn SGT pf =.
Evening star., 1935-05-26
FEDERAL LAND BANKS
NEW YORK May 25 (PD.-Federal
Land Bank bonds.
CORPORATION REPORTS.

NEW YORK. May 25 lP.-Earnings re-
ported by corporations during the last
week. reduced TO per share basis, and
included: '
Evening star., 1935-10-18

The pair was sponsored before the
court by Stanley Reed. solicitor gen.
eral and Acting Attorney General.
Clyde, right-hand man to j. Edgar
Hoover, head of the G-men, attended
night classes at George washington
University for seven and one-half
years and won the degrees Of A. B.
and LII. B. Hillory spent 10 years at
night study and amassed from George
Washington degrees of A. B. and M. A.
and from National University degrees
of LII. B.. ILL., M. and M. P. L. (mas-
ter of patent. laws).
Clyde formerly was a special agent
in Hoover's bureau. Before that he
was confidential secretary to Secre-
taries of War Baker, Weeks and
Davis. Hoover promoted him from
agent to chief clerk, inspector, head
of the Washington field Office and
finally assistant director in charge Of
administration. He is 35 and native
of Missouri.
Hillory, who is 81 and a native of
Missouri, also is a former special
agent of Hoover's bureau. Before en-
tering the Parks Service, about two
years ago, he was with the Panama
Evening star., 1935-10-18
ExILED CHAPLAIN DIES

BEND, Ore, October 18 P.-Rev
Dominic O'Connor. So, chaplain to
Lord Mayor Terence MacSwiney in
Brixton Prison, England, during his
historic hunger fast, died in hospital
here yesterday.
Injuries he suffered in an automo-
bile accident in Portland a number OF
years ago. were believed responsible
for his death.
Exiled from England in 1922
Father O'Connor came to Bend and
was stationed here for several years
He served during the World War with
the British forces in Macedonia al
chaplain to the Irish division.
Evening star., 1935-10-18
MISSING TOMBSTONE
BRINGS HEIRS CHARGE
Friend Of Dead Man Cited by
Court for Contempt After
More Than 8 Years.

BY the Associated Press.
DENVER, october 18.-Because
there Is no tombstone at the grave Of
his friend, Roy E. Merritt, Denver
business man, yesterday was cited for
contempt of court upon complaint of
F. H. Bailey of Everett, Mass, who for
six years believed q tombstone rested
above the grave of his cousin. the late
Charles L. Tilton of Denver.
Tilton died in 1926. Merritt, his
closest friend and employer, was named
administrator. Bailey. the sole heir at
law, contended Merritt claimed he had
bought a monument.
The contempt action arose from the
Evening star., 1935-10-18
WRITING GOES WEST

MINNEAPOLIS, October 10 (P.-
Literary life, Edward ]. O'Brien. short
story editor, said yesterday, has largely
abandoned It's eastern home to move
out Midwest.
"The center of important American
writing is no longer in the East, "
O'Brien said. 1T has moved to the
Midwest. and line from Northern
Minnesota to New Orleans probably
would cross the center somewhere
around Iowa"
O'Brien. advising Midwest writer's
to stay at home rather than go East,
addressed University of Minnesota
convocation.