davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-10-02

volt broke out into the open
and it was announced that
the Gore -McLemore resolu-
ton would be called up for vote.
Under the full steam of Admins
tration pressure upon the recall
citrants the resolution came up
for action. It failed in the Senate
on March 3, and there remained
only the final test in the House.
1t was at just this critical mo-
ment that the unofficial envoy,
bearing his masterstroke of diplo-
macy in his pocket, stepped from
the train at Washington.
The colonel lunched at the
White House on March 6. Ac-
cording to House the President
approved everything he had done;
they agreed to write out a cable
for Grey on the following morn
ing.
Yet President Wilson, strange
ly enough, did have just one little
correction to make. 1t was moth
ing less than the insertion of the
word probably" in the second
paragraph of the text to make it
read:
"Th.a United States would prob
ably leave the conference as a bel
ligerent."
Once more, as had happened
when the President made pre-
ciSely the same correction in
Houses letter of the preceding Oc-
tober, both men appear to have
regarded this as an unimportant
verbal change. Once more. how
ever, it materially altered the
bearing of the Scheme-or rather,
indicated that the Presidents
conception of the scheme was
not the same as thai Of his ennis
Sary
Next morning, March 7, they
met again to draft the def1nitive
cable to Grey. In the House of
Representatives that same day the
forces we're marshaled for the
final battle over the Gore McLe-
more resolution.
The debate was long, confused
and imprisoned, but at the end of
the day the vote was reached and
the President and the strong
hand" triumphed by 276 to 142.
The resolution was tabled.
The nation had been dedicated
to the intransigeant patriotism
which was to end almost exactly a
year later in the declaration of
war upon Germany. 1t was a re-
suit for which the two parties
we're about equally responsible,
and one applauded by nearly the
whole press.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-10-02
SdcriIege, Mr.. PegIer!

WoRLD Series enthusiasm is something which is
w observed felt least at the ball park and most
around the hotel Hobbies and the downtown streets at
night before the opening 1t rises from crowds auto
graph hunters, sudden crackeS of handclapping for
tall, brown youths in caps who are recognized as
heroes from their pictures in the papers 1t consists
OF maudlln noise coming over the transoms in the
hotels and the crash of bottles in the courts These
manifestations are many points off this time The
noises are quiet noises.
Your correspondent is merely suggesting reasons
which might be responsible for the reserved manner
with which the people of Detroit have accepted this
year an event which one year ago was regarded as a
glorious and lasting honor to city which was by no
means hard up for trustworthy achievements Any
or all Of this speculation may be rejected but the
truth remains that the World Series spirit is not
present
1t is only in the good old press that the true spirit
is kept alive We know the World Series is an event
of vast Importance, and it accordingly with
hundreds of experts and essayiSts and millions of
words.
For years in covering the World Series it has been
our tradition to cover it all This might be the
trouble. Perhaps we have smothered it.
Copyright 1885 by United Feature Syndicate Incl
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-10-02
THE WASHINGTON SCENE

ON the evening of Feb. 81 Mr..
~ Wilson summoned Senators
Kern and Stone and Representa-
tlveS Kitchin. and Flood-respec-
lively the leaders and the chair
men of the Foreign Relations
Committees of the two houses
to discuss the Gore McLemore
resolutions warning American
citizens from armed belligerent
liners.
Precisely what happened is not
known. According to the best
account Mr.. Kitchin was unable to
be present; when he heard from
Mr.. Flood. however. what the
President had said he was so
startled that he asked immedi-
ately for another conference.
This was arranged for 7:30 on
the following morning, in order to
escape the newspaper men; and
in the early sunlight of Feb. %,
Washington's birthday, the con-
gresSmen, now accompanied by
Speaker Clark of the House, re-
convened at the White House.
The President limited to them,
apparently, that he was at that
moment arranging the interven-
ton of the United States in the
European war.
At once, rumors of sensational
statements made by the Presi-
dent ran through the congressional
cloakrooms. Senator Gore de-
clared publicly a few days later
that he had been told that Mr..
Wilson not only explained the
imminent probability of war over
the submarine. but went on to say
that war might not be of itself
and of necessity an evil, but that
the United States by entering the
war now might be able to bring it
to conclusion by midsummer and
thus render a great service to
civilization.
Senator Stone at once denied
that any such statement had
been made; but a denial would
have been so obviously imperative.
that this can not be taken too
seriously.
1t seems incredible, moreover.
that even the stubborn and self
willed President could have per-
mitted Col. House to continue his
negotiations abroad without seek
ing to give some hint of them, at
least. to the leaders of Congress
where there resides the sole con-
stitutional power to declare war.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-10-02

CEN BULLARD and his fellow fact-fnders are
NJ probably arous ! the fact that up till now
neither the Constitution American history itself
has really been taught in many schools. Robert Lee
Billiard would doubtless be one OF the first to de-
nOunce the kind of course in which every American
war is described as holy crusade and every mill
tary leader as a knight in shining aTmOr.
I have not attended any lodge meetings OF the
National Security League recently and so can 90
no more than attempt to approximate a few OF the
arguments which advocates of the new learning
should use in furthering cause. There is need
naturally for a basic textbook. We will agree, OF
course that it is deplorabe to have instructors say
10 the young and impreSsiOnable: The American
Constitution is the greatest instrument of govern
ment ever conceived by the brain Of man and any
body VINO would tamper with it is dirty red and
subverSive agitatOr.
Our Security League campaign ought TO do great
deal to discourage red batting. The study of the
Constitution will carrv to all the conviction that
one Of the finest of American traditions is free
speech and that the happy afterthought. known as
the Bill of Rights intended to protect not only
liberty but license.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-10-02
A DISTINGUISHED ReUisiOniSt

A ND then there could be read these words of
n wisdom from distinguished American:
we are almost unnotced in the midst of a great
revolution. or perhaps better word, transforma-
ton, in the whole super-organization of our eco
nomic life We passing from period of ex-
tremely individuastic action into period of aSso-
ciatiOnal activities
These words were uttered by Herbert Hoover when
he in office and not in opposition.
And if little more time remained the teacher
might read this We have left the period of extreme
ndividualism and living in a period in which ma
tional economy must be recognized the controlling
factor
That is from the United States Chamber of Com
merce. and it included in report issued in 1881
while the Republican Administration was fighting the
depression
Yes indeed; every SchOOlbOy and every school
girl begins study the Constitution and its his
tOrcal background and its economic implications we
are going to have very lively time of it. The Ma
tOnal Security League is not only wise but coura-
geous in its fight to take the document down from
the shelf and dust it off. I proud to be an ally,
but I feel that 1 must give warning hint to Rob
ert Lee Billiard
Aren't you just little bit afraid, General that
the reactionaries are going to give us hell?"
Copyright 1885,
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-10-02
Not So Dizzy This Year

A ND the truth is that the popular acclaim is
4 = diminished this year in Detroit. The people
mere were fixing to watch the ST. Louis Cardinals
again IN renewal of the rough rowdy World Series
mat excited the town and, to a less extent the
nation last fall The Cardinals brought in the in
tereStlng Dean brothers, Dizzy and Daily who an
nounced that they would win four games all bv
themselves and did So
They also had the irrepressible Pepper Martin
VINO took the most astounding liberties with the
champion club of the American League and got
away with them. And they had Ducky MedWick
who clawed Marvin Owen with his spurs and kicked
up a riot.
This was the sort of World Series which the
customers had built their ideas around when the
Cubs went crazy in the last weeks of the recent
season to win the pennant in their league and be-
come the parties of the second part
The people here do not know much about the
Cubs some of whom boys and most of whom
are normal conventional ball players without inter-
eStmg pecuiariteS, either professional social.
They are known as a young sandlot team and
though the press has been giving each member of
the team his due and more, still the people retain
their pose right up to the hour of the great event.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-10-02
POSER FOR G. o. P.

THE steady approach of the
Il presidential election did moth
ing to lessen the mental confuSionS
of the time. Mr. Wilson would, of
course, lead the Democratic hosts
on the appeal to his record
which he had now managed to
broaden so as to invite almost
every shade of sentiment, from the
social reformers of 1912 through
the preparedness fanatics to the
anti-German war hawks.
To the Republicans it presented
an even more difficult problem,
and they we're still without a
candidate. The colonel of the
Rough Riders seemed clearly TO be
maneuvering his Progressive Party
to its extinction and himself into
position to receive the Republican
nomination.
On the last day of March there
was a luncheon gathering that
caused something of a stir ct.
r." and Gen. Wood sat down with
Elihu Root and Henry Cabot
Lodge; apparently the prodigal
was being received at last into the
fold of "old guard" regularity.
First meeting in years. Gen.
Wood jotted into his diary. All
passed off well. Roosevelt
cussed out Wilson, as did Root
and Lodge. Opinion that the
country never so low in standing
before. Much talk about Mexico.
what they would have done mad
they been in power"
That was the position exactly.
Yet the glamour of the Rough
Rider had been too far dissolved
in the acids of age and bitter
ness. The country feared his bel
licosity and no longer trusted his
Judgment. Besides, there were
those inconvenient but essential
pro- German votes.
Mr.. Charles Evans Hughes. AS
sociate Justice of the Supreme
Court, a less colorful politician
and less deeply committed to any
thing, seemed more likely
chance. Or possibly the ambi-
tious general himself? Gen.
Wood was identified only with
preparedness. which was political
ly strong everywhere.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-10-02
Times Books

DOR years history has hidden one of her brightest
Il lights under the bandstand upon which she has
haunted washington, Jefferson, Lincoln and Others
In John Jay. hero OF John Jay Defender of Lib
erty (BobbsMerril So the struggling little group
OF states which finally forged into union had one
OF It's greatest and most unexpected champions Tie
book, a sturdy and well written account has been
compiled by Frank Monaghan of the Yale Univer-
sity history department.
Few of us who have struggled through the in
tr1guing accounts of the birth of our nation ever
dreamed that John Jay had his finger in as
many political pies Mr. Monaghan's list shows
According to Mr. Monaghan Mr. Jaw was author
OF the Constitution first Chief Justice and later
Governor of New York: President of the Continental
Congress and Secretary for Foreign Affairs; CO.
author of the Federaist: Minister to Spain and En-
voy Extraordinary to England: negotiator of the
Peace of 1888 and the famous jay Treaty of 1894:
and the first Chief Justice of the United States"
John Jay, Defender of Liberty" has been con-
- structed only after painstaking research There
have existed so few volumes on Mr. jay that the en-
tire background Of Mr.. Monaghans book is based
on unpublished manuscripts to which he has gained
access.
Mr. Jay kept up consistent correspondence with
MS compatrlots. But fits Of rage often caused him
TO destroy documents which would have proved in
terest'7G as we'll as educational to posterity
- MOnaghan's book carries on with ease
TT Jugh what might have been tedious reading
The author has facie pen. and an authoritative
way Of putting things That he adnires Mr.. Jaw.
perhaps above all others of the time is easily dis
cernble 1t is the only drawback to the book
The book is a magnificent monument not only
to John Jay but to all the John Jays" who
have fought Died and died without benefit of public
recognition for what they did. BY John Thompson)
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-10-02
Your Health
BY DIR. NORRIS FISHBEIN.

NTOW that school is well its way, one of the
' first things you should do is to see that your
child gets a complete physical examination or in
ventory of its health.
The summer vacation has given the child relax
alton and mental rest. More outdoor air, more ex-
ercise more sleep and change in interest probably
have improved the chdS health. But had weather
is coming on more indoor work and less play and
that requires protection against infectious diseases
and other ills of winters.
THE child who is entering school for the first
Il time should have a much careful exam
ination than one who is finishing the earlier grades.
The beginner requires not only protection
against infectious diseases but careful study of its
tonSils and adenodS and Of its teeth.
The presence of infected decaying teeth may
bring about failure in work at school, Repeated
infections of the throat infection and swelling
of tonSils and adenods not only makes it difficult
for the child to concentrate its work. but 1T
makes sick child and one below par.
MANY children fail to make significant progress
1N1 in school because they do not hear well, or
because they have defects of vision that have not
been corrected. A child who can not hear what is
the blackboard will find it difficult to keep up with
the other children.
Such child does not like TO admit its inferiority,
and therefore suffers silently suitable examination
made before the child enters school will permit
recton OF these defects and give it equal opportunity
with other children.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-10-02
Today S Science
by DAVID DIETZ =

L VIDENCE of a vanished people which once in
L habitated desoate Kodiak Island, off the coast
of A-aska, has been brought back by an expedition
under the direction of Dr. AleS Hrdlcka. famous an
thropologiSt of the Smithsonian Institution.
After summers work. aided by group of eight
volunteer college students. he has brought back to
Washington large amount of cultural and Skeletal
material from which the history of this ancient people
can be reconstructed.
Dr. Hrdlicka believes that they were forrunners of
the American Indian that their civilization on the
island represented of the stepping stones by which
the transition of from Siberia to Alaska and the
British Columbia Coast was accomplished.
THE earliest settlement Kodiak Island. he eSti
mates. may have taken place about 1000 years
Before Ihat he thinks, the place practically
uninhabitabe
With The passing of the glaciers the surface of the
lower parts of the island consisted largely of barren
boulder-Strewn gravel But there followed drv period
with very strong winds blowing from the mainland.
These winds as The evidence shows picked up large
amounts of loose soil from the beaten surfaces of the
peninsula and deposited them on the glacial till of
Kodiak Island.
THESE first pioneers. DR.. Hrdlicka thinks. must
Il have come over from the Alaska Peninsula. Dust
storms such as swept the West last year must have
been intimately associated with these pioneer migra-
tons Of 1000 years ago
The evidence shows that these first settlers stayed
only short time. It is reasonable to suppose they
went On southwark becoming the ancestors of the
Indians of the northwest coast.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-10-02
A MEXICAN PROBLEM

TINE next day the cable was
i on its way to Sir Edward
announcing the Presidents &C
Ceptance of the memorandum
with the one indicated change. In
beating the Gore McLemore reso-
luton, House added in effect, the
Administration has done its part;
LIT is now Squarely up to you
to make the next move, and
cable from you at any time will
be sufficient" But no cable came.
Again, Sir Edward took note of
the probability.
Of the existence of the House
Grey memorandum the nation,
of course. remained in complete
ignorance. AS to the submarine,
however, the cartoonists were out
doing themselves with depictions
of craven or a traitorouS Con-
gress biting held to its duty by an
iron javed President when the
drawings were for Democratic pa
pers) o. an equally iron jawed
Uncle Sam Gin the Republican
journals.
The editors glOwed with the
sentiment of mo surrender" Yet
with affairs brought to this stir
ring and decidedly dangerous
juncture. it was not after all the
U-boat which now suddenly drew
the lightning of our new martial
enthusiasm. 1t was the MeXicanS.
In October, 1915, the President
had hnally recognized the gov
eminent of Gen. Carranza; the
bandit Gen. Pancho Villa, the
principal opposition chieftain, had
agreed to retire to the United
States, and it had seemed that
MeXicos long turmoil was at an
end.
But the Villistas continued to
harry the two northwestern states
of Mexico with guerrilla warfare,
and the Republicans and Mr..
Roosevelt continued to keep the
issue burning against the coming
election.
On Jan. Senator Albert B.
Fall secured the passage of
resolution demanding full infor-
nation upon the problem. The
Villistas were now threatening to
kill any Americans they might
find in order to bring on inter
vention; and four days later. as
if encouraged by the Fall resolu-
ton. they did so. They held up
a train at Santa ISABEL, near
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-10-02
WAR AGAINST MEXICO

THUS Mexico was again taking
Il a firm place in the headlines
when, early on the morning of
March 9, the residents of the lit
tie town of Columbus, N. NJ, were
suddenly awakened by a wild up
roar of popping rifles, Gathering
hoofs and bursting flames, as a
torrent of armed riders swept
through t:--:r streets.
Pancho Villa, with an estimated
force of some 1900 men, had
crossed the border and descended
upon the gringo. Seventeen
Americans were killed, nine of
them civilians, and many others
wounded.
That afternoon the headlines
blazed throughout the nation. The
Administration, declared the
Washington dispatches, was at last
thoroughly aroused" At the War
Department, as it happened, Mr..
Newton D. Baker-the liberal
pacifist lawyer at that time known
as reform Mayor of Cleveland
was being sworn in as Secretary of
War to fill the place left vacant
by Mr.. Garrison's resignation.
AS he took the oath, the edi-
tOrial pencils in a hundred news
paper offices were sizzling with the
heat of vengeance.
On March 10 it was officially
announced from the White House
that IAN adequate force will be
sent at once in pursuit of Villa"
1t would be a punitive expedi-
ton" Of approximately 5000 regu-
lars commanded by Brig. Gen.
John j. Pershing-an officer dim
ly remembered as having distin-
pushed himself in the conquest
of the MoroS in the Philippines a
decade before. On March IS
Pershing's column moved out from
Columbus.
Was it war? Nobody precisely
knew.
All through February Beth
mann-Hollweg had been fight
ing with his back to the wall
against the ambitious propaganda
of Tirpitz and the navalists, now
reinforced by the conversion of
Falkenhayn.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-10-02
BERLIN IN ACTION

WITH the arrival of the Sus-
w sex note Mr.. Gerard had
felt that the situation was al
most hopeless" Won Jagow
thought the same; he said that it
was fate" and that there was
nothing to be done.
On April IS Count BLrnstorff
called upon Col. House with a cable
from his government. If Ger
many, it said it substance, acceded
to the American demand, would
the United States put pressure on
Great Britain in regard to the
According to Col. House. his
reply-perhaps slightly disingenu-
ous-Was that he thought
"acquiescence would bring
peace nearer"
What Bernstorff reported was
that House had assured him,
speaking for Wilson. that if the
American demand were accepted
the President would take in hand
measures directly against Eng
lane mot toward raising the
blockade, however, as the Presi-
dent now believed this to be i'm
possible without war or an arms
embargo.
Either would have had too dis
sstrOus an effect on American
domestic economy. The meas
ures" would therefore be directed
toward forcing a peace.
Tomorrow: Another installment
Of the Road to War"
Copyright. Mcclure Newspaper syndicatel
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-10-02
THE GERMANS SLIP

IN April House was back
~ again in New York; and the
first thing he found was letter
from Sir Edward written on the
day of the Sussex disaster (ac-
knoWledging the final draft of the
House-Gr memorandum. Sir
Edward was polite, encouraging,
and as evasive as possible.
Returning to Washington on
April II, House discovered that
Mr.. Wilson had thrown away the
original Sussex note and drafted
another. 1t was strongly worded
but it failed to break off rela-
tions.
Col. House Old his best over the
new draft; he induced the Presi-
dent to sharpen up the phrase
ology in some respects, but after
two hours of discussion, the most
Mr. Wilson agreed to was to sub
NIT the draft, as tentative ver-
sion, to the Cabinet.
But at this critical conjuncture
the Germans we're unwise. On
the thirteenth there arrived their
own explanation of the Sussex in
cident.
1t was true. Won JagOw granted,
that a submarine had torpedced
without warning vessel very
much like the Sussex, on the same
day and near the spot where the
Sussex had come to grief, but this
could not have been the Sussex
herself since the U-boat captain
had gained the definite impress
sion that he had before him a war
vessel, a minelayer of the newly
constructed English Arabic class"
This preposterous explanation
was, as Bernstorff has put it,
probably the most unfortunate
document that ever passed from
Berlin to washington. Mr.. Wilson
thought he detected a direct un-
truth; and before that mixture
of uneasy conscience and clumsl-
ness" the Presidents always rath-
err tenuous patience snapped.
He did not declare war. He did
not break relations. But he took
the colonel's advice to the extent.
at least, of COUGHING the note in
the terms of a fat and unequivo-
cal threat:
"Unless the Imperial Govern
ment should now Immediately de-
clare and effect an abandonment of
its present methods of submarine
warfare against passenger and
freight-carrying vessels, the gov
eminent of the United States can
have no choice but to sever diplo-
matte relations with the German
Empire altogether"
The note was sent on April Is.
Before the applause had died from
the embattled editorial pages, AM
bassador BernStorff was receiving
secret instructions to prepare for
the disabling of the interned Ger