davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1935-05-03
HOUSE POWDERS
CHECK ON HUGE
FUND GRANTS

Stung by the criticism that
Congress relinquished too much
of its constituted authority in
giving President Roosevelt 1880
million dollars to spend on his
New Deal without finding out
where it was going, movement
has been started in the House
Of Representatives to put check
on further appropriations.
Within two weeks hearings are
expected to be held by the House
Judiciary Committee on bill
compelling members Of the Presi-
dents Cabinet to spend two days
in the Senate and two days in
the House each week to answer
questions about any matter con-
nected with their. departments.
New Bill Offered
This bill has been introduced
for the past several Congresses
by Representative Andrew j..
Montague CD, of Virginia, but
up to now little effort has been
made to push its passage.
The movement under way to-
day, however, is headed by Rep
reSentative Byron B. Harlan CD,
of Ohio, who has introduced a
bill along similar lines and ex-
poets to push it with all his
power. The Harlan bill differs
from the Montague bill in that
it would compel the Cabinet
members to appear in the House
and Senate only one day each
week. 1t would permit them to
enter into the debate and grant
them the privilege of refusing to
answer questions on the ground
that to answer would endanger
the welfare of the nation.
Would End Battles
The result of the bill would be
to stop the long-distance verbal
battles between Cabinet Members
and their antagonists in the
House and Senate. Huey Long
would have an opportunity to
pin back the ears" of Secretary
Ickes right before him on the
floor of the Senate. And no
more would appropriations be
made unless the department
heads explained the why's and
whereforeS to the Members of
Congress. Commenting on his
bill, Representative Harlan said:
Constant criticism that this
Is a rubbed-stamp Congress has
moved me to perfect some kind
of control over the extensive
powers that it has been neceS-
sary for us to grant the execu-
tive branch Of the Government.
OLD POLICY HIT
Heretofore Congress has
given extraordinary powers to
the executive branch and then
the only thing it could do was
to raise a big hullaball0O when
anything went wrong and con-
duct a lot of Investigations, as
it did under Grant, Mckinley
and Harding.
"My idea is that we do the
investigating before we delegate
the powers.
"LOok at the 1880 million
dollars we appropriated and
kissed goOd.by without know
ing where or how it was going
to be spent. I think my bill,
or one similar to Representa-
tive Montague's, would put a
close control on the executive
branch and bring it closer to
the legislative branch. 1 have
asked that hearings be given
to Representative MOntague'S
bill as soon as possible"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-08-18

and the Constitution may be immuts-
bic, but not the court. Such extrane-
GUS factors as social, political and
economic trends and tendencies may
work on them. They may react in
such q manner on the individual, his
opinions and feelings as to produce
varied reasonings. 1t all depends
upon the individual.
There are many court decisions
which bear out this observation. In
fact this extraneous influence upon
the thinking processes of members
Of the court has led to the popular
charge of conservative" and
liberal" wing Of the court. 1t also
may be just as responsible for aberra-
items from this classification Of men,
bers. In fact there is neither lib
eral" or conservative" in the justice
grouping. Today justice may be
liberal" and, like as not, tomorrow
he may be conservative. Witness
the unanimous decision in the recent
Schecter poultry case.
There are many anomalous things
about the Supreme Court. One is the
cloud Of mistrust under which it began
its existence Another Is the absolute
lack of authority to enforce one Of
its DEGREES. A third-which has been
touched upon-is the power the court
has taken unto itself.
The Supreme Court began its ex-
istence under a cloud of mistrust.
This was not dissipated until long
after the Civil War.
Senator Maclay Of Pennsylvania
once said of the judiciary act of
1893: 1T certainly is vile law sys-
TEN, calculated for expense and with
a design to draw by degrees all law
business into the Federal courts"
Horace Greeley once said 1880:
1.-THE court as now arranged Is scan
dulously sectional, grossly partial, a
mockery of the Constitution, a serf
Of the slave power and disgrace to
the country
And in 1885, Representative SABBATH
of Illinois, II predict that in the not
distant future our Nation will amend
the Constitution, or through congress
SIGNAL action restrict the courts from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-08-18

end-the pursuit of fiscal policy by
the Governmental was lawful. And
further, Marshall held that since the
power of taxation is a power to de-
stroy, the branch bank of the United
States could not be taxed by the State
of Maryland. The Government was
held supreme over the States.
Marshall, during his tenure as Chief
Justice Q801-35) so welded his de-
cisions as to make them rebound to
the glory and prestige of the court,
And that power, arrogated to the
court by Marshall, has prevailed even
to this day and been strengthened
rather than diminished. through the
years.
THE new home Of the Supreme
Court was formerly the site Of
the Little Brick Capitol-the home Of
Congress after the British firing Of
the Capitol in 1914. The location is
across East Capitol plaza, paralleling
the Library of Congress. The build
ing is 385 feet in length by 304 feet
in width.
Broad white marble steps run up to
the pillared front of this Athenic
structure. Above, in the triangle
facing the weston sun, is a carven
frieze Of the Nations great jurists.
Either side of the central portion OF
the temple lie broad wings. Passing
through the portico one comes to a
basilica whose regular spaced columns
of snowy marble lead down to the
interior or court chamber, flanked on
either side by gates of bronze and
faced with the justices bench. The
court room is 81 feet square with q
seating capacity some so per cent
greater than the old court room In
the Capitol Building. The rooms that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-08-18

surround this central chamber are
themselves grouped around four inner
courtyards, each the nucleus Of a
formal garden. Above the first floor
is the library and reading rooms where
those who have business with the
court may have access to ponderous
legal tones inherent there and to
those of the Library of Congress by
a subterranean passage.
The Corinthian style of architecture,
chosen for the edifice, harmonizes
with the buildings grouped about it
the white Capitol. the white repre-
sentative and senatorial buildings,
the Library of Congress and that gem
Of architectural gems, the Shake
spearean Library.
Hellenic in design, Hellenic in cast,
the beautifully balanced structure car
ries the traveller Of the present back
over the path of 1000 years to the
glory of ancient Athens. And mingled
with that sweep of the ages is the
touch of modernistic sculpturing and
refinements of our Intoxicating,
cooling. lighting, ventilation-to keep
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-08-18

assuming powers never intended
delegated to the judicial branch of Il,
Government"
Representative Monaghan Of MOI
tana has stated:
Were to propose today that min
men in this Congress be giveI
the power to nullify an act of Con
gress I would be considered
and regarded, and rightly so, a.
mad. =
Yet the Supreme Court of tbs
United States, a court composed o
men with no greater learning, witt;
no greater knowledge of the law, with
no greater sense of integrity, and wit
no responsiveness to the people Of this
Nation, can declare that act today u.
constitutional and the people have NJ
recourse.
The Supreme Court has done NOR
to destroy our liberty than has an
other single agency. We finc
citation after citation of cases wher
the Supreme Court should not hav
had this power and where the Pres.
dents of the United States have dc o.
cried their usurpation of the same"
RUT it is safe to say that the powc
of the Supreme Court will neve
be jeopardized. The fact arises gu.
of the second anomaly of the court
Not having any method of enforcing
its DEGREES they become enforceable
only through the support of public
opinion. And nobody hampers with
public opinion-least of all poll
tician.
Even impeachment has been tried
against a member of the court. JUS
tice Samuel Chase was marked for
scalping by the Democrats in 1905.
after certain remarks on the doctrine
of equal liberty and equal rights"
But he weathered the storm. And
scandal has never touched the court.
Men who have been appointed to the
bench by Presidents have been con-
firmed by bitter partiSans in the Sen
ate, only to be impartial and I'M
touchable by public clamor.
OF late years the court has come to
be greatly reverenced and esteemed
Continued on Page 10, Column ID
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-08-18

Marbury, it seems, was an appointee
of John Adams, along with others, in
the eleventh hour of his departure
from the office of President in 1901.
Jefferson refused to accept the ap-
pointments, though confirmed by the
Senate and okeyed by Adams. The
whole thing was purely political and
the wind was up. The chagrined four
petitioned for a writ of mandamus.
Madison, Jefferson's Secretary of
State, was whiStled up to show cause
why the writ should not issue. The
Supreme Court, with Marshall sitting,
passed on the case in February, 1903.
The court held that the complainant
was entitled to his commission, but
that the judiciary act of 1889, which
gave the court power to issue the writ,
was unconstitutional.
The cat was out of the bag; the fat
was in the fire; the court had held
that the powers of the national legis-
lature were defined and limited"
In 1919 Marshall cracked down"
again. This time there were two de-
cisions-the State of New Hampshire
VS.. Dartmouth College and McCulloch
VS.. Maryland case.
The State of New Hampshire was al
legged to have violated "the obligation
of a contract in amending the
charter of Dartmouth College in an
effort to make that seat of learning
State institution" Marshall upheld
the college and the corporation" was
born.
The McCulloch VS.. Maryland case
involved the right of State to tax
Federal bank, the Free State having
sought to do so by taxing a branch
of the Bank of the United States.
Marshall, in this case, established
what is known today as the rule of
reason" in reaching a court decision.
He, held that the absence in the Con-
stitution of specific powers to estab-
lish such bank did not at all pre-
clude its establishment, provided it
served an emo intended by the Con-
stitution And, inasmuch as the Bank
of the United States did serve such an
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-08-18

us within the bounds of the living
present.
When the nine Supreme Justices
file with sober mein to their seats in
the new structure for the first time
they will have broken a tradition of
las years of wandering. Organized
in 1870, with John Jay sitting as
Chief Justice, it began its existence in
the old Royal Exchange Building at
the foot of Broad Street in New York.
In 1871 the Capital was moved to
Philadelphia. Along with the other
trappings came the Supreme Court.
Here, in the City Of Brotherly Love,
the new governmental branch was
given quarters in the City Hall, by the
grace of the city fathers, adjacent to
Carpenters Hall.
When, in 1901, Adams picked up his
baggage and left Philadelphia for
Washington, the permanent Federal
seat of government, the court again
moved. But this time without benefit
of solicitation. There was no pro-
vision made for its housing in the new
Capital. The Presidents House and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-08-18
By John L. COOnfs.

TOR las years the Supreme Court
- OF the United States has been
wanderer on the face of the
n earth. Now it is coming home
In marble temple, patterned after
the exquisite Greek, it soon will be
housed. fitting shrine for its august
traditions.
Time was when the Supreme Court
adorned a tavern; time when it found
sanctuary in private dwelling; time
when 1t languished in basement, and
time when it was a waif of the Gov
eminent. Those were the early days
of the Republic, when the court barely
had existence.
But during the years the Supreme
Court has grown strong-strong not
only in its own powers but in the
esteem of the public For the ST.
preme Court in these later days has
come to be looked upon as the anchor
of the Constitution. And the people
adore their Constitution.
In the October sunlight, that falls
SO softly and translucently over Wash
ington, when the muscadine is ripe
and its fragrance fills the air, the
Supreme Court will move from under
the Capitol dome to its new home.
There is something Romanesque about
it. For while the temple is Greek, the
law is Roman, the justices imperial
beneath their gilded eagle outSpread,
toga-swathed and severe. Beyond
them stretches the future of the Re-
public; behind them, traditions of its
greatness.
THE COURT moves at time when
the eyes of the Nation are riveted
upon it. 1t moves at an hour when it
Is the center of the greatest expec-
fancy. For there are movements
on foot, theories abroad in the land
that run far ahead of the day, piercing
the dark recesses of the future as a
keen shaft of light pierces the abyss
of night.
Laws are being passed for the gov
ernance Of the Union that are being
challenged in the courts of the Ma
ton as to their constitutionality.
."l1d0 AOCo IIlC SOulJ Say!
In the old court quarters, under the
dome of the Capitol, the Supreme
Court, as one of its last acts, passed
upon the constitutionality of N. r. A.
In the new court quarters, sitting with
the FURNISHED emblem of the Republic
above and the temple columns of
ancient HELENE about the Supreme
Court will pas upon the constitution
atty of A. A. A.
Such decisions are traditional in the
life of the court. Of and on since its
creation it has been making them.
Chief Justice John Marshall started
the ball rolling 1t was he, in the
famous Marbury- Madison case, who
laid the foundation of the courts
greatness and its future influence upon
the life and destiny of the Nation.
Only by implication did the court have
power to invalidate acts of Congress;
Marshall, in the Marbury VS.. Madison
case, cinched it. j.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-08-18
Final Touches Being Gi7eu the Interior of Marble Coythiau
Edto as the Nations Highest Tribunal Prepares to loov in
October From Under the Dome of the Unted States Capitol to
Occubya Home of It's Oavn for the First Time in History

the Capitol Building were being COM
pleted, but no shelter was provided
for the Supreme Court.
Eventually quarters were found for
Justice Marshall and his colleagues in
the basement of the Capitol. Later
the court was advanced to the old
Senate chamber, where for the past
rs years it has been "at home" This
chamber once echoed to the debates
of Clay, Calhoun. Webster, Hayne and
others threshing out the great issues
of the Civil War, Semi-circular in
shape and very small, it is today the
historic spot of the Capitol. For a
while, following the fire of 1914, when
the British fred the city, the Supreme
Court sat in building in the rear of
the present Library of Congress.
Lately this has been torn down to care
for library addition.
THE story Of constitutionally created
and governed America-when it
comes to be written in its entirety
will be the story Of the Supreme Court,
for the court is the support of its
provisions. That instrument is an i'm
pregnable fortress, surrenderable only
to the people. 1t is the Nation s
Gibraltar. All laws, all powers eman-
ate from it and all laws and all pow
ers of the Government must not
transcend its delegated authority. If
there is challenge Of any such the
Supreme Court decides who wins. And
from its decision there is no appeal.
The court becomes the living Consti-
tuition.
The Nation thus grows with the
court. While the written Constitution
is fixed thing it does not necessarily
mean that It is fixed IN the court
For the court Is human. Facts, law
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-08-18

Upper, left: The old Supreme Court chamber in
the United States Capitol Top Bronze doors
at the front of the Supreme Court Build
ing Upper, right Looking from the Supreme
Court chamber toward of its side entrances Lower
let's Handwrought bronze gateways of exquisite pat
tern opening through marble columns from of the
side corridors thanking the court chamber. Center
right: Highly bronze base of of the two flag
poles on the front marble terrace of the court
.. Al hetos by
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-08-18

TOR las years the Supreme Court
- of the United States has been
a wanderer on the face of the
n earth Now it is coming home
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1935-08-18

CONTINUED on Page 10, Column IL
La opinión., 1935-11-24
AUDAZ FUGA

Tn dia, ell acusado pidio
para If a la oficina
de telegrafos de Ell Paso a
liepositar un mensaje. Ell per-
lie fue concedido y aeon
panado de un policia. lego a
la oficina de telegrafos.
va en- la oficinl, tuvo la
idea de emprender la fuga.
Como? Nj 81 mismo 10 sa-
bia. Observe que la oficina
tenia una puerta lateral para
un pequeno callej6n, y resol-
vic realizar un acto de au-
dacia. Mas para poder al
canzar la puerta lateral, te-
MIA que cruzar ell salon donde
Sc encontraban los aparatos
telegraficos, y tenia que lu-
char antes con su custodio.
I'm inesperado aconteci-
miento puso a Villarreal en-
ell canine de Ia libertad. El
|policia que vigilaba sus mo-
yimientos. tue lamado desds
La opinión., 1935-11-24

Jimenez Castro, viendo la
Ioosibilidad de aprehender al
|resto de los companeros de
Villarreal, tonic a este del
orazo para ir en- busca de los
otros liberales.
Aunque comprendiendo
lue no escaparia de la poll
ella, Villarreal 10 que guerra
era que su apprehension Sc lie
vara a cabo a la vista de sus
amigos, a fin de que estos sc
pudieran poner a salvo.
Villarreal logro su deseo,
va que cuando Jimenez Cas-
tro comprendio que habia 81
10 victima de un engano, di-
10 al ioven revolucionario:
-iTodo esta perdido, COM
pahero!.. Ali viene la poll
Icia...
Esta era la palabra conye-
nida para que la policia ca
yese sobre Villarreal, pero en-
los momentos que este era
ietenido, Ricardo Flores Ma
gon, Modesto Diaz y otros Ii
oerales, Sc dieran cuenta de
SUI situacion y pudieron es-
capar.
La opinión., 1935-11-24
APPREHENSION DE
~VlllARREAL

Y mientras que este suce-
|dia en- territorio meXicano,
en- Ell Paso, Villarreal, Cano
" Lauro Aguirre eran tam
|bien detenidos.
Sc dirigia Villarreal a
puente International, cuando
Sc encontr6 frente a frente
al captain Jimenez Castro.
El captain estaba tan ner-
vioso, que Villarreal sospe-
chs en- ell acto de que algo
tramaba en- contra de los com
|paferos. Jimenez Castro pre-
|tendfa que Villarreal lie acom-
|paiara a Juarez, pero ell IL
|beral Sc dio cuenta de que ur
srupo de individuos, entire los
que descubrio al consul Ma
lien, Observable sus movimien
tos, v rehuso la invitacion.
diciendo al Official que era ne
cesario il por otros compa-
,lsycsa
La opinión., 1935-11-24

Pero Juan Sarabia, quien
creia que sus companeros du-
1aban de su valor por no ha-
Der cruzado las aguas del
Bravo, dijo con resolution
lue Ell 81 acompanaria a los
oficiales Jimenez Castro y
Reyes. Cesar ofreci6 seguir-
To-. Esta actitud de Sarabia,
hizo que todos los conspira-
.dores Sc resolvieron tambien
a marchar a la poblacion me-
xicana Embellishments.
Sin embargo, Sarabia y
queriendo dar prue-
bas de audacia, Sc adelanta-
ron a sus companeros; pero
apenas habian pisado terri
torio mexicano, fueron apre-
hendidos por ell comandante
de policia Antonio Ponce y
conducidos al Quartet del ge-
neral de De la Vega.
La opinión., 1935-11-24

la Gale por una pareja de
oficiales. Ell custodio acudio
al llamado. Este fue ell mo-
mento aprovechado por vi
larreal, quien abriendo in
tempestivamente la puerta
1ue communicable ell despacho
lie la oficina con ell salon de
aparatos, cruzo este salon a
grandes pasos ante ell asom-
bro de los empleados, y, al
Icanzado yiolenta m e n t la
lpuerta lateral, tomo ell calle-
lion y emprendio veloz carre-
lea.
| Ell callejon, desembocaba
en- una de las principales ca
lies de Ell Paso. Villarreal,
sin perder TEMPO, abordo un
tranvia Y en- unos cuantos
minutes estuyo bien lejos de
la oficina de tel6grafos.
Sc dirigio ell profugo a la
casa de uno de los liberales
lie Ell Paso, quien junto con
otros compaheros 10 condujC
a TN lugar cercano a la ciu-
dad, proporcionandole una
carabina.
Oculto en- una pequena
cueya, y siempre con la ca
rabina a la mano, permanecit
Villarreal tres dias, hasta que
sus companeros lie llevaron
where's y dinero. sugiriendole
a convenience de que Sc di-
rigiera a Los Angeles, en- don
de Sc encontraba Flores Ma
g6n.
La opinión., 1935-11-24
UNA CElADA

va teniendo las armas Y
las municiones en- territorio
mexicano, los miembros de
la Junta resolvieron dar ell
|golpe la noche del 10 de oc-
tubre. Asf Sc 10 comunica-
ron a los oficiales Jimenez
Castro y Reyes, quienes a su
vez 10 pusieron EN- conoci-
miento del general De la We
ga.
Con los informes recibidos,
ell general De la Vega Sc apre-
suro a hacer fracasar los pla-
|nes de los conspiradores, y
comisiono a sus dos oficiales
para que inmediatamente Sc
|trasladaran a Ell Paso e invi-
|taran a los liberales a que pa
saran ell puente, fingiendo in
seres de que va en- territorio
mexicano, hicieran los ulti-
mos preparativos para ell asal
to al Quartet de las tropas fe-
1erales.
La invitacion de Jimenez
Castro y de Reyes, hizo des-
confiar a los liberales, quie-
,nes por primera vez temieron
una celada, va que conside-
raban que cruzar ell puente
International en- pleno dfa So
10 podria lleyarlos a manos
lie Ia policia de Ciudad Jua-
La opinión., 1935-11-24
EN- LOS ANGELES

En- los primeros dias de jul
10, Magon y Villarreal llega-
ron a Los Angeles, en- donde
Sc encontraba Librado Rive
"a. Vivian los tres persegui-
dos en- una humilde casa en-
la Gale Pico, Y solo contados
amigos les visitaban, va que
la agencia Pinkerton habia
Iofrecido veinte mil dolares
Ipor la captura de Flores Ma
Igon.
Pero la indiscrecion de una
amiga de Flores Magon llevo
L la policia hasta ell escondi-
lie de los liberales mexicanos.
Ell % de agosto Thomas H.
Furlong Sc presento frente q.
LA casa en- donde Sc oculta-
oan los tres revolucionarios.
tba acompanado de los de-
.ectiyes f. Talamantes y j.
Rico y de I'm buen numero
lie policias. Talamantes ha-
oia sidO contratado por Ell
Consul de Mexico en- Los An-
geles, Antonio Lozano, para
lue siguiera las huellas do
Magon, con I'm sueldo de do
ce dolares a la semana. Ri
20 habia sido contratado pas
"a ell mismo objeto por Fur@
ong. Otro de los ~ayudantes
lei jefe de la agencia de de-
:ectiyes, era Samuels, ell mis-
mo aquel que fingiendose
lgente de anuncios, habia Sc.
guido los pasos de Villarreal
3uando este Sc encOntrabA
IN st. Louis.
Furlong y sus acompanans
.es sitiaron la casa de la cas
lie Pico Y con gran aparatd
lie fuerza dieron ell asalto,
No fue grande la sorpresa do
Magon, Villarreal y Rivera
"a que habfan Observable dess
lie minutes antes del asaltd
a presencia de genie sospe+
,hosa en- las cercauias de 81
/ Islsus "a Ia IA Raa,1
La opinión., 1935-11-24
CUATRO MESES EN- LA
CARCEL

Villarreal fue conducido a
Ia carcel, junto con Jimenez
Castro, quien seguia fingien-
lose revolucionario. Eel obje-
TO que perseguia ell Official al
continuar la comedia era To-
grar que Villarreal lie dijera
l6nde Sc ocultaban los Flo
res Mag6n.
Por la noche, cuando en-
cerrados Villarreal y Jimenez
IN dos celdas contiguas, este
gritaba:
Jay, compafero, que ira
a hacer de mi! Compahero,
Olga listed donde estan los
atros amigos Y nos salvars-