davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1935-04-30

individual development. Per contra,
only through the greatest individual
development of each unit can society
reach its greatest possibilities. Edu-
cation of the individual and develop
ment of social standards are mutually
related in this way and must be con-
sidered not apart, but together. 1t Is
but another instance Of the organ
ism as a whole versus the separate
parts considered by themselves.
Perhaps one of the next develop
ments will be a definite recognition
that there is a psychology of inter-
human relations. Up to the present
time psychiatry has largely been a
medical speciality, and as such was
interested in dealing with the sick
individual. believe one of the next
steps will be the recognition that there
is field best approached. not from
the individualistic point of view, but
with the appreciation that we are
here dealing with higher integration.
1T is easy enough to speculate upon
the stupendous possibilities which
might result from the development of
such a new department Of thought.
Communities, large and small; munic-
ipalitieS, states and nations would
come in for their respective considera-
ton, and there might easily come
about principles of international re-
lationship of the utmost significance
to world being knit together into
closer relationships in spite Of the
maintenance Of widely divergent in
terests."
During the past half century, DR..
White said in the same lecture, the
number of insane has risen out Of all
proportion to the population increase
in the United States. From 1880 to
1920 the population rose approximate
ly ITO per cent, while the number in
mental hospitals rose 468 per cent.
Recent studies have shown, DR..
White said, that approximately one
person out of % becomes q patient
in mental hospital during the life
time of generation. A partial rea-
son for the increase, he pointed out,
has been the rapid urbanization of
the country, with a resulting change
in living conditions to which many
could not adjust who might have
been well adjusted to the simpler
rural life
In this connection, DR.. .Yhite said,
there is one set of facts that seem
to me of great importance and the
existence Of which seems to have gone
almost entirely without recognition.
This is the comparative death rate
between the so-called insane and the
comparable age and sex groups of the
general registration area of the United
States.
The death rate corresponds with
the malignancy of the psychosis and
the psychosis is measured from the
point of view Of capacity for social
adjustment. Those who are capable
of making social adjustments live as
long as the average individual. Those
who are incapable of making any ad.
justments at all, like the idiot, would
die OF starvation and neglect in q few
days if left alone. Under the best
conditions Of institutional life their
lives are very short-about 10 years
| on the average. In other words, in
sanity tends to materially shorten life.
1t interferes with the continuity of
adaptation and one of the elements
Of success in life Is just this capacity
for continuity"
Evening star., 1935-04-30
People who are difficult to talk to
offer a problem to most Of US.

People who are difficult to talk to
offer a problem to most of us.
Accustomed as we are to persiflage,
badinage, and other "ages," we dis
like working too hard in conversa-
ton.
There ought to be some give ard
take here, especially there should be
less of this business of critical talk.
He who is hard to talk to special
izes In making adverse comments.
Say to him, How do you like my
new hat?" He answers, "Oh, I had
one like that last year."
Advise him that a certain show is
good, he has seen it.
Tell him your opinion Of q wight
in the public eye. he invariably has
an exactly opposite opinion.
X y
Hence it may be realized that fall
ure to talk is not his fault, exactly.
Nor does he talk too much, perhaps
He just talks the wrong way!
Good conversation ought to he
bound by the ordinary rules Of civillty
AAho AAAf WHY old yOu uO
that, why didn't you do this?" might
give way to q placid acceptance OF
facts,
There are more facts, in this world,
than the difficult talker knows about
Every person he talks to Is fact,
with all Of facts obduracy.
Statistics by no means limit the
horizon of facts.
Every living thing is fact. some
times stubborn fact.
Consider the mule.
First comes the talker you can't
possibly surprise.
Every one desires to surprise others,
at times.
1t is impossible, however. to cause
this fellow to lift brow.
He either knows it all beforehand
or surmised as much.
He never winks an eye until you
have finished, because he wants to
find out all he can, but the moment
you finish he says, "Oh, heard that
yeste day." or That's an old one,"
or You tellin' me?"
One hopes, some time, to catch him
mapping, but the chances are small.
He is prepared, you see, for all
comers.
He is determined that nothing will
cause him to show surprise.
Then there is he who proceeds to
douse all enthusiasms with very cold
water.
Rush up to this one with light in
your eyes and proceed to dilate on the
merits Of something or other.
Either he receives your talk without
enthusiasm or he ignores it alto
gether.
If you force him to say anything
he recalls something else which, he
says, is much better.
1t seems impossible to make him
register like enthusiasm over the
thing you have discovered.
If you speak admiringly of dis
covery he points to some other dis
covery.
If the subject is another human
being he says. "Pshaw, you should
have seen So-and-So."
+%
Then there is the particularly OBJ
noxious wight who has taken VOW
Evening star., 1935-04-30
First in the Western World.

DR.. Vilhjalmur Stefansson, perhaps
unintentionally, has revived the an
cient controversy about the discovery
of America. The problem probably
cannot be solved definitely, finally or
to the satisfaction of all parties. To
Christopher Columbus many will pre-
fer to grant predominant credit; to
Eric the Red and his sons Lief and
Thorvald and to Thorfinn Karlsefne
others will choose to accord the honor.
Meanwhile, archeologists exploring
British Columbia. California, Mexico,
Guatemala, Honduras, Ecuador. Peru
and Chile have demonstrated con-
vincingly that the Western World was
settled from Asia long before its
existence was known to any inhabitant
of Europe.
nut Dr.. stafsnsson's slains fer VI
Evening star., 1935-04-30
Community Shame the
Surest Lynching Cure

To the Editor Of The Star.
AS in the case of the English boys
who fought to decide whether lob
sters were red or green, both propo-
nents and opponents of the Wagner
Costigan anti-lynching bill are but
half right.
"The era Of legal suficiency is
past" says DR.. Roscoe Pound Of the
Harvard Law School in his "Fhiloso-
ply Of Law," hence we must build
rather than merely improve; create
rather than merely order, because OBJ
servation shows social interdepend-
ence through similarity of interests
and through division of labor as the
central facts in human existence" I"
The opponents proceed from an out
moded legal philosophy, and the pro-
| ponents seek to make law do work
that must follow from the rise Of cul-
tural levels among the people them
selves.
The tragedy is in wasting time and
| SShSA @eAAS oeeAIu0Co Ull UOti1 cAtACo "a
the question when basic social prob
lens await solution. History testifleS
that laws do not change human ma
ture, while education may give it new
directions for ancient urges, and 1t
has been shown that mob action re-
suits from no single cause in society.
but from well-recogniZed collective
behavior towards some class of be-
havior felt to be antagonistic to the
good Of the group. In a milder form
the very flood Of petitions sent in to
Congress at the urging of those lead
ers who would benefit by the prestige
from securing the passage of the bill
is a mob action. 1t precludes calm
deliberation and the evaluation Of
social data and laws Of social action.
Recently. Negroes in Harlem in
dulged in a destructive form of mob
action merely upon a rumor, but
actually from generated opposition to
what they felt to be discriminatory
conduct affecting their welfare. Laws
| to further our wider understanding
of interdependence are what America
| needs
Social history shows that until the
people in any given group, commu-
nifty, state or nation feel the possible
condemnation by society to be greater
than the satisfaction flowing from
collective action against what antag-
onizes them there will be mass action,
even unto war itself. Otherwise, we
should not need religion, ethics, law,
education. parliaments and the like
as breakwaters or dams for human
tendencies in society. The President's s
condemnation Of lynching and the
slow. but gradual, spread Of commu-
nifty shame following such a debauch
will do more to stop the declining
practice and bring perpetrators to
| justice than liability laws.
CHARLES M. THOMAS.
Evening star., 1935-04-30
Italy's "Hard Period" "

Rome celebrated q 2,688th birthday
anniversary last Sunday and Premier
Mussolini seized the occasion for one
of his favorite fulminations about
Italy's necessity to grid its loins for
the stern requirements Of the incalcu-
liable future. Addressing a throng
Of fervent Fascist supporters, II Duce
warned them Of a hard period
which will shortly engage all the
forces of the Italian people"
Mussolini did not specify the cir
cumstances under which impending
times are to try italian souls. He
left the nation guessing which are
those ends which we have already
precisely determined" With two di-
visions Of his army, aggregating 10000
men, in Eritrea and italian Somali-
land, the inclination Is to suppose
that the premier is thinking prin-
cipally of a conflict with Ethiopia.
But many are convinced that the
crucial test for Italy, which Musso-
lini graphically envisions. has Europe
in mind as a field of action, with a
Nazi threat against the independence
of Austria as a cause of strife.
Speaking in those parallels and
riddles to which he is so incorrigibly
addicted, II Duce asserts that "the
horizon has cleared, and could become
even clearer If political policy aided
economic policy, If there were in
Europe a true peace, a strong, virile
peace which does not depress" Then.
at the end of a passage clarifying the
"betterment of the situation" Mus
solini called upon his people to raise
up your muskets and banners and give
cheer for work."
Whatever Italy's immediate pur-
poses may be, all reports emanating
from that country depict it as hum
ming with military activity. One COM
petent American observer says that it
is more apparent than in Germany
The aspect Of Italy is described as
one of "intense preparation for any
eventuality." 1t was in that spirit that
Mussolini thundered in Venezia Square
the day before yesterday. His senti-
ments, no matter how obscure in mo-
tive, unmistakably suggest that II
Duce is anticipating trouble some
where in the not remote future and
is getting ready to face it. His Stresa
declaration that Italy has 100000
troops prepared to move in case of
emergency betokens MuSsolini's state
of mind. Yet another indication is
the approaching conclusion of a
Franco-Italia air alliance.
Let it be hoped that it is not trans
Atlantic woes that are agitating the
Fascist soul-that the hard period"
for which Italians are asked to steel
themselves does not concern the i'm
prisonment Of Mussolini's consul in
the Dominican Republic on q
charge of conspiring to assassinate
President Trujillo or any untoward
developments that might how from
that incident.
Evening star., 1935-04-30
More Street Cars and
Not More Buses Needed
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
The protest that the several citizens
associations are making against the
contemplated bus service on Thir-
teenth street is taking the turn that
the writer has expected it would take.
In other words, the owner OF an auto
mobile feels that he has some right,
especially with the taxes he has to pay
on every gallon Of gasoline and other
taxes too numerous to mention. So II
he makes complaint to the Public
Utilities Commission it should be
needed, because the automobile own
ers are doing their share in running
the District of Columbia.
I have tried my utmost to get those
really interested in my plan Of bet
ter street car service for Washington
have been fighting for the street
car as the only means of travel on
account of what the bus would do to
make more congestion. The bus goes
everywhere, while the good old, re-
liable street car stays where it is put,
has a regular place to travel and for
that reason Is more easily regulated.
And If the Public Utilities Commission
will change ideas about filling up the
streets of Washington with hundreds
of busses and tell the Capital Transit
Co. to purchase 100 new, up-to-date
two-man street cars, the congested
streets will still be for those that really
pay the freight, the automobile
owners.
I strongly protest to those that are
Withholding the order for the double
tracking Of Kennedy street, and not
only from Georgia avenue to Third
street, but starting at the pillow pit on
Fourteenth street, to Colorado avenue,
to Georgia avenue. Why are they not
building the double track? Is it be-
cause they want to discourage those
who ride the street cars and make
them take the express bus and buy q
10-cent fare on q badly congested
street? I ask them on behalf Of the
street car riders to build those tracks
so as to give them the better service
to which they are entitled.
FELIX A. URY.
Evening star., 1935-04-30
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN.

A reader can get the dnstcer to
any question OF fact by tDrtting The
Washington EUeninD Star Information
Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director,
Washington, D. c. Please frlclose
stamp for reply.
@. Has Earl Sande, the jockey, re-
tired from the turf?-A. r.
A. He has become a singer and
master Of ceremonies in New York
night club.
@. What animals besides the
kangaroo carry the young In a
pouch?-K. w. B.
A. The phenomenon Of a pouch in
which the female carries her young
after they are born Is peculiar to the
group of mammals known as the
marsupials. With the exception OF
the common opossum Of the United
States and close relative Of tropical
America, all the members of this
group are confined to Australasia
Besides the kangaroo, the most famil-
lar member, the group includes the
wallaroo, several species Of wallaby
the wombat, the koala, the Tasmanian
wolf and the Tasmanian devil.
@. How cold Is the region beyond
the atmosphere?-W. K L.
A. Prof. A. S. Ellington believes
that the temperature of space is 5.4
degrees above absolute zero.
@. Please publish the West Point
Cadet Prayer.-M. r. NICK.
A. It Is too long to include in this
column. Copies will be mailed upon
request. 1t begins: 20, God, our
Father, Thou Searcher of men,
hearts. help us draw near to Thee ir
sincerity and truth. May our religion
be filled with gladness and may oul
worship Of Thee be natural"
@. What causes cold chills to rur
over the frame Of an apparently
healthy person on hot days?-W. Y. G
A. The Public Health Service say,
that cold chills experienced by healthy
persons on warm days are due simply
to nervous reaction to the environ
ment.
@. What causes the fogs which art
so common about the Newfoundland
Banks?-H. c.
A. The conflict of a cold ocean cur.
rent from the North and a warm cur
rent from the South is the principal
cause.
@. Are Americans lending much
money to European borrowers in com.
parison with what they are getting
| Backs. H.
A. Only about $4,000, 900 has beer
lent since 1881, one Of the largest
items being $4,000, 900 to borrowers ii
Finland. In the last year ALONE
Americans collected nearly 100000.
900 in interest and dividends from
European borrowers.
@. What is conscience?-E. J.
A. Conscience is the mental facult!
which decides between right anc
wrong, and while generally regarded
as giving decisions intuitively, many
authorities believe that in all mora
judgments there is implied reference
to moral laws. Conscience may bt
relied upon if it is kept in active use
but as in the case with other things
If not used it becomes atrophied.
@. Was Emmeline Pankhurst's hus-
band interested in woman suffrage;
g. T.
A. DR.. Pankhurst assisted his Wifi
| in forming the Women's Franchise
League in 1889. He died in 1898.
@. When did European painter!
begin to do landscapes?-G. G.
A While some of the earlier artist!
pointed the way to some extent, it wa!
not until the middle Of the nineteenth
Evening star., 1935-04-30
Low.Cost Housing Projects

For about twenty-five months the
Housing Division of the Public Works
Administration has been considering
low-cost housing projects for Wash
ington without turning spadeful Of
earth In making a start on any of
them. Some time ago it was learned
that there are prospects for a begin
ming on at least one project in the
District before Midsummer, and the
Presidents announcement yesterday
that such work in a number of cities,
including Washington, would be we'll
under way by August is gratifying
verification.
The difficulty in Washington, as
elsewhere, seems to have centered
chiefly in obtaining the land at prices
cheap enough to warrant real low
cost housing construction. Cheap
enough land in the city is difficult to
find under normal conditions and the
price will -ise naturally once word
gets around-as it does in q remark
ably short time - that the Govern
ment is the purchaser. The housing
project for Washington that seemed
for q time most likely to be adopted
was near Howard University, and it
was finally abandoned because of the
cost of the land. At least two other
sites in the District have been un-
der consideration for some time, with
success in land buying kept a tight
secret at the P. w. A.
As long as the Government Is con-
templating its own building, private
builders will naturally hold back to
await the outcome. No private builder
Evening star., 1935-04-30
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON
Tuneful Uncertaint,

Tuneful Uncertainty.
They told me If I'd sing a song
The world would all seem gay.
When various things were going
wrong
I lifted up my lay.
The neighbors said Come to an end,
And throw into reverse,
For when you try to sing, my friend,
You're making matters worse"
Oh, We, whom Nature has endowed
With voices that are great,
When you set forth with spirit proud
To warble, hesitate.
The blessing that you meant may be
Transformed into q curse.
There's naught like singing off the
key
For making matters worse.
Evening star., 1935-04-30

can compete with the Government,
especially when the competitive terms
are unknown. One benefit Of q Gov
ernment low-cost housing demonstra-
ton here will be to clear the atmo-
sphere of uncertainty. Another. If
the demonstration is successful, will
be to point the way to private under
takings Of o similar character.
Evening star., 1935-04-30
A Rhyme at Twilight
By
Gertrude Brooke Hamiltos
Quiet Mandate

I want your hand close-cradled In my
palm
That may time your pulse 10 mine
and calm
You till the tremors in your veins shall
And all your restless fingers be at
peace.
want your destiny that may hold
Your every aim and dream and 50
enfold
Them in my own that you may always
find
Your errant fate at harbor in my mind.
I want your heart that I, and I alone.
May tune Its beat in rhythm with my
own
And quiet all its wild impulse until
Mine rules It with the mandate:
Peace, be still"
Evening star., 1935-04-30
The Wheat Campaign.

Secretary Wallace of the Depart
ment of Agriculture and his aides are
preparing to push with vigor cam
paign to swing the wheat farmers
election on May Is in favor of the
A. A. A. policies. Indeed, the cam
paign has been under way for some
time, through both speeches and lit
erature sent out to the farmers by
the A. A. A. The coming election is
a referendum on proposal for a
wheat control program covering four
years, 1886 to 1899, inclusive. In addi-
ton to Secretary Wallace, some of the
chief officials of the department on
the stump are Chester c. Davis,
A. A. A., administrator: M. L. Wilson,
Assistant Secretary of Agriculture,
and George E. Farrell, director of the
A. A. A. grain division. All the Off
GERS and agents of the A. A. A
throughout the States and counties
where wheat is grown will participate
in this administration effort to win
an Endorsement of it's wheat program
and policies.
The referendum, of course, is her
aided as an opportunity for the
farmers to express themselves with
freedom on the wheat control pro-
gram. The farmers, however, are to
have their minds made up for them
If oratory and literature provided by
the Government, which is seeking the
referendum, can turn the trick. Checks
for not producing wheat are to be
dangled before their eyes. Threats
are to be made that never any more
need the farmers look to the great
father In Washington for relief if they
turn their backs on the New Deal now.
The A. A. A. and its policy of pro-
ducing scarcity of crops have been
under fire. There is growing Skep-
ticism among the farmers themselves
that reproduction is all it has been
cracked up to be. So the A. A. A. is
out after vindication. And with all
the Government money it needs at its
back to conduct a campaign it is going
to win that vindication if it possibly
can. The farmers are being told that
they must turn out and vote. The
campaign is progressing in thirty
seven wheat-producing States.
If the Government is unable to carry
this election by a very considerable
vote 1t will be blow to the A. A. A.
and its policies. More than that, it
will prove that these policies are dis
tinctly unpopular. A close vote in the
referendum, considering all the ad-
ministration Is doing in the way of
money expenditure to win the elec-
ton, will be virtual victory for the
opponents Of the idea of paying farm
ers for not producing crops.
The plow-under policy has been
doing sad things to the cotton indus
try Of the United States. The exports
Of raw cotton are falling off and the
cotton mills in this country have been
closing in large numbers. And still
Mr.. Wallace and his aides stick to
their theories upon the hypothesis
that their theories are right and the
rest Of the world is wrong.
Evening star., 1935-04-30
Civil Service and Work. Relief.

In his radio address Sunday evening
the President, anticipating criticism
of one sort later on, declared: "It
must, however, be recognized that
when an enterprise Of this character
is extended over more than 5000
counties throughout the Nation, there
may be occasional instances of in
efficiency, bad management or misuse
of funds"
That is obvious, and little criticism
will fall on the President or his super
vising assistants for occasional mis-
takes as long as there is general rec
ognition of the inherent honesty of
purpose in the program and in the
integrity and efficiency of those di-
rectly in charge Of its administration.
But 1t would seem that one precau-
ton that might we'll be taken in con-
nection with the hire of clerical and
other employees who will form the cogs
in the Presidents carefully built work
relief machinery would be to choose
them from the eligible lists of the Civil
Service Commission and thus to main
tain the principles Of merit system
where those principles may be practi-
cally aDplied in "an enterprise of this
character"
No estimate has been made officially
regarding the number of employees who
must be chosen, in Washington and
in the field, in connection with admin
istrative features of the work-relief
act. But it has been published that
the Civil Service Commission can fur
nish eligibles for all positions to be
created, and the Treasury is already
leading the way by planning to take
on, gradually, some 1000 additional
employees for disbursing activities. It
lies with the President as to what
policy will prevail in this respect;
whether new employees are to be hired
from the civil service registers, or
whether patronage Is to become a pre-
dominating consideration. The Pres
ident's enunciation of policy in this
matter will be awaited with interest.