davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1935-02-09

thing Is made In varying proportion,
is of the utmost importance in physi-
cal and chemical investigations 1t
explains why different elements be-
have differently-why, for example,
some will enter into chemical combi-
nations with other elements-such as
hydrogen or oXygen-and others
such as helium-will not.
Thus great deal of work on the
atomic structure of the elements has
been carried on all over the world.
The building up of portrait gallery
of them has been possible only by
slow, hard, patient work and as yet
little more than beginning has been
made The best and quickest way is
to photograph a spectrum. Unfor-
tunately. the spectra of many of the
elements cover large part of the in
visible radiation scale to which. in the
past, Photographic plates have been
inSenSitive
Up to a few years ago plates were
sensitive only slightly beyond the
ranges of visible light-comprising
wave lengths from $500 to $500 Ang-
strom units Hence the atomic struc-
ture of the elements could be pictured
only in so far as it was expressed by
the visible radiation This was the case,
at least, so far as the Photographic
method was concerned. BY the use
of the radiometer the whole range
could be covered, but quite unSatis-
factorily. The extension of the photo
graphic method into the range Of
ultraviolet radiation-wave lengths
shorter than $500 AngStrom units
was easily accomplished. Extension
into the infra -red-longer than 1900
Angstrom units-was quite a different
matter and only now has it been pos
sible to carry them to the $4,000 mark.
Among all the chemical elements
the noble gasSes-helium, neon, argon
krypton and xenon-are in some re-
spects the most interesting from the
viewpoint Of structure. The outer
structure Of each of these atoms con-
sists of "closed shell" of electrons.
This gives them exceptional stability,
accounts for the impossibility of bring
ing them into chemical combinations,
and characterizeS them with spectra
which extend over an extraordinary
range of wave lengths. These Spectra
are of special interest because of what
they disclose about atomic structure,
and also on account of the practical
use which has been made of them in
spectroscopy, neurology and illumina-
ton.
DR.. Meggers' work has disclosed
several hundred new radiations, all of
which confirm earlier deductions about
the structure of these atoms.
Evening star., 1935-02-09

eaten and spoiled food In the ac-
quarium, resulting in fouled water and
gasping on the part Of the animals.
There Is direct relationship be-
tween the type of day and the crea-
lures appetite. Even the old standard
gold fish viii not eat as much on a
cloudy day as on a sunny one.
The best balanced tank (embodying
proper planting) will use up more
oxygen on dark day than 1t gives OH
during a sunshiny day.
Lack of oxygen cuts down on appe-
tite. Even artificial aeration, widely
employed today, will not make up for
lack Of sunshine, which makes the
plants indulge in what is known as
photosynthesis. during which process
carbon dioxide is consumed or utilized
and pure oxygen given OF by the
plants.
AS in a great many affairs OF this
life, however, theory is one thing
and actual practice another.
The theory Of the balanced tank
is one thing.
The actuality in practice often is,
owing to the Aforementioned dark
days, that too heavily planted ac-
quarium is bad for fish in Winter.
Hence many an enthusiast has
come to the conclusion, solely on his
own observations, that fewer plants
will do at this time Of year. and he
will make up for the rest by using
artificial aeration more.
This is a good solution. It is SIM
ply choice of the lesser of two evils.
1t means that the fish enthusiast
has chosen rather to run the risk of
too little oxygen than too much car
bon dioxide.
Lessened food intake must include
less live food. The giving of live
food to aquarium fishes has become
sort of fetish with some enthusiasts
1t is another matter In which theory
is one thing and practice another
The theory Is that fishes ought To
have live food, and, no doubt, they
ought-but in captivity it must be
used with discretion, because condi-
tions are not the same as in Nature
A slight overfeeding Of the small white
worms, commonly called enchytrae
may result in a bad case of fungus
at this time of year, especially If the
fishes have been kept too warm. We
have seen this happen with such
healthy fishes as the Rosy Barbs
driven by too much warmth to in
ceSSant spawning. The owner
thinking they needed nourishment
gave a slightly too big dinner OF
worms, and within two days the
fishes we're coated with fungus, even
to their eyes.
Since aquarium conditions, even at
their best. are artificial, that is, not
natural, prepared foods are not as
unnatural as they would be in a
state of Nature After some expert
ence with them the owner can gauge
the proper quantity better than he
ever can with live foods, no matter
the type.
With less food. heat and plants
in Winter, must go fewer fishes per
gallon of water. There can be little
doubt that if aquarium enthusiasts
regularly kept a couple Of spares
for use solely in Winter, into which
to place some of their stock thinned
out of their regular number OF tanks,
they would have less trouble with sick
ness at this time of year. Over
crowding. too much food, especially
live, gloomy days, too many plants
these account for many fish ills in
Winter.
Evening star., 1935-02-09

Newspaper observers find in the
sinking of the liner Mohawk further
evidence Of the necessity for immedi-
ate legislation to impose greater safe
guards upon the business of trans
porting passengers at sea.
According to the Muncie Qnd.)
Evening Press, which quotes from an
article by Admiral Sims: These YES
sells cannot be made reasonably safe
so long as public demands luxury
aboard in preference to safety. These
unnecessary items take up space that
should be devoted to life-saving .p-
paratus"
President Roosevelt" says the Al
toona Mirror, has already indicated
that he will recommend the speedy
passage of legislation by Congress that
will give greater measure of security
to life and property" With the Mo-
hawk disaster the third sea tragedy of
recent months, the Knoxville Journal
thinks, 1t seems hardly possible that
Congress will delay the safety-at-sea
legislation, already drafted by the
Commerce Department, to insure prop
er protection and operation of Ameri-
can ships"
"One thing is apparently clear" de-
clares the Watertown IN. " Daily
Times. Capt. j. E. Wood and the
crew Of the Mohawk exercised the
utmost efficiency in assisting the pas
sengers." A similar opinion is ex-
pressed by the Holyoke (MasS.) Daily
Transcript, which says ''the crew of
the Mohawk got the life boats cleanly
away under the direction of the ships
master" According to the Lancaster
CPa) New Era, Officers, stewards
and sailors haStened to their posts
across the icy decks. Women and
children first, the law of the sea in
such crises. was the command"
AS to maintaining the tradition Of
the sea, by the captains going down
with his ship, the Columbus (Ohio)
Dispatch believes that in the great
majority of cases, when the skipper
has gone down with the vessel, he
was standing by to the last. in the
hope that through some act of his
help might be conjured up, and that
his example in the last moments might
be inspiration for others about him
Evening star., 1935-02-09
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL.

Winter care of tropical fish In the
home aquarium is somewhat different
from Spring and Summer care.
Principles of good management are
not changed, but modified, in accord
ance with the season.
They need less food, fewer plants,
less warmth.
1t may sound strange that they need
less heat, but this does not mean that
a certain minimum must not be main
tanned.
1t simply means that, in accordance
with Natures plan, their water should
be lower in Winter. even when they
are heated by the devices OF man.
Much as plants need dormant sea-
son, so do fishes.
A slightly lower temperature, say
around IA degrees, rather than 78. a
normal Summer mean, will be about
right, if it can be maintained.
After several years experience we
have come to the conclusion that
higher than rs degrees is not SO good
at this time Of year.
Higher temperatures fool the crea-
lures into thinking it Spring and
Summer.
Food intake is increased, when there
is no need for 1t.
Increased food consumption is neces-
sary later, for biological reasons, but
at this season there ought to be semi
dormant condition, as compared with
later.
Maintained warmth (plus more food,
always called for by the former, unless
there is illneSs) means that the
aquarium inmates live at the highest
pitch the year around.
That Is all wrong. They should be
permitted to tone down, as Nature
tones them down, even in the tropics.
There is a great deal of confusion
about the warmth at which these
creatures should be kept.
Some Of it is brought about by the
human mind, which insists on build
ing up a good thing, in an attempt
to make it better.
The first year the enthusiast keeps
these finny fellows, he is inclined to
be careless about warmth.
Then one fine day he finds several
fishes with white spots on their fins.
He tests the tank with a thermom-
eter The water is 81 degrees, or
lower. He remembers what some one
told him, that 70 degrees was safe
low. He had thought it all bunk"
before, now he is willing to believe
there may be something in it.
After that he watches his tank
temperature, and contrives to keep
the water above 72 degrees, day and
night
BY his second year he has pushed
his minimum" up to rs degrees.
When he finds a tank lower than that
he begins to run around with heaters
and lamps as If the water were con-
gealing.
In his third year, unless he takes
himself to task, he has pushed his
flexible minimum to 78 degrees. and
rather rejoices at go This would be
all right, if it did not stir the creatures
to eat more, and the increased nour-
iShment, in its turn, spur them on to
endeavors out of season at the time.
Hence the owner comes at last to
see that here, as elsewhere, common
sense is a good policy.
Darker days also will mean lessened
food intake.
The attempt TO stuff fishes on
gloomy days often accounts for un-
Evening star., 1935-02-09
Financing the Cost Of Illness.

The problem Of the patient who Is
too independent to take advantage
of the free services Of the medical or
dental charity clinic, yet too poor to
meet the sometimes very high cost
of medical or dental treatment, must
be as old as the professions them
selves. A number of elements, involv-
ing professional ethics and the char
acteristic individuality Of doctors.
have stood in the way Of the practical
solution that unanimity Of opinion
among any other class Of men might
have offered So the experiment in
dealing with this problem, decided
upon by the physicians and dentists OF
Washington. is significant enough to
attract great interest here and In
other cities Of the country.
The experiment concerns the estab-
lishment of q Medical-Dental Service
Bureau which will arrange for de-
ferred payments for medical and
dental services according to the pa
tents ability to pay. It will act some
what in the role Of financial secre-
tary" to the two professions. The
professional man will deal with the
disease. The business side Of the
arrangement will be entirely In the
hands Of the service bureau.
One factor which enters into fixing
the cost Of medical service to those
who are able to pay Is the service
rendered by physicians to those un-
able to pay. The doctor does not
charge the charity patient. but the
cost of his charity work is met by his
paying patients. And, as everybody
knows, the cost Of medical service
depends largely upon the patients
ability to pay and the physicians
own appraisal of the value Of the work
he performs. A more systematic selec-
ton Of charity patients, together with
businesslike arrangements for those
willing to pay under terms they can
afford, should be beneficial to patient
and doctor alike.
There is little doubt that the ply
sicians and dentists are preparing TO
offer some Of the practical advantages
Evening star., 1935-02-09
A Necessary Undertaking.

Development of a stadium site at
the end of East Capitol street. with
early construction thereafter of a
great stadium and a National Guard
armory, easily takes high place on the
list Of work projects in the District OF
Columbia which would apparently
come within the purview of the ad-
ministration's work-relief bill. 1t is
gratifying to note that c. Marshall
Finnan, superintendent of National
Capital Parks, has already made prog
ress in the study of the proposal
financed from $4,000 allotment
from the Public Works Administra-
ton, and will have a preliminary re-
port ready for Secretary 1ckeS within
two weeks. The recommendations, it is
understood. will include the National
Guard armory and suitable drill
field-projects which have been urged
for many years by National Guard Of
ficials.
The work undertaken by Mr.. Fin
mans committee has been necessarily
confined to a preliminary survey,
which probably will include some esti-
mates of costs. But if Mr.. Finnan'S
request is approved by Mr.. Ickes. an
engineer, architects and expert con-
sultants will be engaged within the
near future to undertake the definite
preparation Of plans. Should the
project be approved for financing out
of the proposed $4,000 100000 work
relief fund, the plans would doubtless
be completed in advance of the de-
tailed arrangements to be made by
the President for spending the money.
The East Capitol street development
Is one of the proposed Capital prof.
ests for which there exists real
need. At one time there was sentiment
in favor of making the stadium and
grounds the memorial to President
Theodore Roosevelt. but the Memorial
Association finally chose the purchase
and development Of Analostan Island
instead. When the plan was advanced
last Summer of combining stadium
and National Guard armory develop
ment at the end of East Capitol street
It won immediate backing. The Dis
trict National Guard has been the
victim of housing shortage for many
years and the National Guard officials
in the War Department and through
out the country have repeatedly
pointed TO the lack of an armory and
drill field here as constituting a de-
plorable example to the States. AS
for the armory and grounds, the lack
Of such facilities in Washington will
be illustrated graphically next Sum-
mer when Boy Scouts Of America hold
their first national jamboree in August.
Some thirty thousand Scouts are going
to visit their Capital, to live in tents
for about week They are going to
be spread over a large area-Fort
Myer, Analostan Island, Arlington
Experimental Farm and along the
Mount Vernon Memorial Boulevard,
and they will be excellently cared for
by the Army. But the completion Of
the stadium and grounds development
ut the end Of East Capitol street would
provide the proper camping and
maneuver field for just such pill
grimages to Washington-and as the
years go by they will increase in
number.
The project is one which must soon
find definite place in the plans for
the proper development of the Nations
Capital.
Evening star., 1935-02-09
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.

Upturn.
We're tired Of the villain, we're tired
of the dame
Who figures as MOL" in the under
world game.
An airship draws nigh like a star in
the sky.
We can't run from our troubles; per-
haps we can fly.
We can't all be angles, at least not
as yet.
There are wings none the less that
may help us forget.
We're hoping that fate will bring
happiness great.
From this underworld soon We shall
all aviate.
Evening star., 1935-02-09
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN.

A reader can get the answer to
any question OF fact by tDriting The
Washington Euening Star Information
Bureau, Frederic J. Hnsktn, Director,
Washington, d. c. Please inclose
stamp for reply.
@. How much do colleges spend for
athletics?-R. g.
A. During the collegiate athletic
year of 1882 the various univers-
tiles, colleges and professional schools
of all types In the United States re-
ported expenditures for athletics Of
SIS, 5,26s,162.
Q. Do as many people buy copies
Of song hits now as did before radios
were so numerous?-K. S.
A. The American Society of Com
poSerS, Authors and Publishers says
that in 1925, before radio, an out
standing song hit sold about 1885, 900
copies. Now it sells about 100000
copies. Then it remained popular
about 16 months; now, about 3
months.
@. Is there a school for jockeys?-
N. L.
A. The Thoroughbred Record says:
Promising young riders are generally
apprenticed to some stable desiring
exercise boys. and they are trained by
the men in charge to ride. Some boys
are natural-born riders while others
are never clever from the beginning.
There is no school for Jockeys"
@. How long can a fuse be kept
before using?-D. j. o.
A. 1t will remain in usable condi-
ton indefinitely if kept dry.
@. How long did it take the States
to ratify the income tax amendment
to the Constitution?-R. M.
A. 1t was proposed to the States
on July II, 1909, and declared rati-
fied on February 25, 1918. This was
in President Taft's administration.
@. What is the meaning Of "No
pent up Utica in mine?"-J. L. L.
A. 1t has alluSion to the fact that
after the destruction Of Carthage and
the disastrous defeat in the battle Of
Thapsus in 46 BIC, Cato Marcus
Porcius. who had supported Pompey
and conducted the famous march
through the Lybyan desert. shut him
self up with his 'adherents in the
city of Utica. He sustained a siege
and kept the gates closed until he had
sent of all his adherents to safety by
sea- When the last transport had left
he dismissed his attendants and COM
mitted suicide.
Q. Does a copyright secured here
protect a book abroad?-M. S.
A. The United States is not a
member of the International Copy
right Union, therefore, If protection
is desired abroad, formalities re-
quired in foreign countries must be
complied with.
@. Where Is the Tuna Club?-H. F.
A. The Tuna Club is at Avalon on
Catalina Island.
@. How many homes have electric
washing machines?-G. T.
A. 1t is estimated that there are
9,439, 600 washers Ill American homes.
This amounts to 46 per cent of all
homes wired for electricity.
@. For what part of the Florida
farm income do citrus fruits ac-
count?-E. C.
A. For about half. Vegetable crops
and staple crops account for the re-
mainder.
@. Do the Eskinos in Canada have
medical service?-C. G. T.
a. The Canadian government pro-
vides the services Of eight physicians
for the Eskimos, Indians and INDECENT
whites Of the far northland.
Evening star., 1935-02-09

@. What Is the present monetary
unit Of Persia and what Is 1t worth In
American money?-E. H.
A. The rial is the Persian unit. It's
normal par is Ala cents, but at pres
ent exchange Is Is worth about 6 cents.
Q. Has New York City or Washing
ton, D. c., more taxicabs In proportion
to population?-H. c.
A. Washington has more in propor-
ton to population.
| Q. AT what age are people eligible
for old-age pensions In EnClanG7-
B. P.
A. They must be at least s5 years
Of age.
@. Who stole the Mona Lisa from
the Louvre? When was it recovered?-
.. M.
A. The painting disappeared from
the Louvre in August, 1911. On De-
cember II, 1913, 1t was announced
that the painting had been recovered
| in Florence and returned to Paris.
Vincenzo Peruzia was sentenced TO one
year and fifteen days imprisonment for
the theft.
@. How strong Is q watch crystal7--
EFF.
A. An ordinary watch crystal viii
crack under so pounds weight, accord
ing to laboratory tests.
Q. What is the Colonial National
Monument?-L F. M.
A. The Colonial National Monument
is an historical reservation, established
| in 1880, and administered by the Ma
tional Park Service Of the Department
Of the Interior. It's boundaries include
jamestown Island, parts of the city Of
Williamsburg, Va. and the Yorktown
| battlefield, as well as the highways
| connecting these areas. The monu-
ment was established to preserve the
| historic structures and to commemo-
rate the contributions Of this area in
the colonization and development Of
| America.
| @. Why did so many people come to
this country from Ireland between 1S4S
| to 1850?-F. H.
A. Failure of the potato crops In
Ireland caused large numbers to emf
CRATE.
@. Has the book publishing busi-
ness increased or decreased In the
last three years?-H. C.
A. There has been a decline Of 81
per cent in the number Of books
published in this country from 1881
to 1884
@. How is an Arabs tent con-
structed?-F. W. G.
A. The small Summer or clipping
tent" of the Arabs, called the hejra,
consists merely Of cloth attached TO
cords at the four corners. The cords
are stretched to the pins upon the
ground before the props are set up
underneath. The larger Arab tent Is
made Of black worsted or hair cloth
and has pent roof somewhat in the
form Of cottage. When the cloth
is stretched upon the stakes, the tent
curtains are hung to the roof. These
curtains ere often one long skirt
cloth. The Selvedges are fastened to-
gether with wooden skewers. The
front is left open. to the half point
at least; sometimes the women's Sec
ton Is closed with a forecloth. The
tent is separated into two parts by
hanging at the waist poles. In
bad weather the tent Is weighted
with stones.
O. How much did stocks and bonds
on the New York Stock Exchange
shrink in value from 1929 to 1882
L. j. T.
A In 1929 stocks listed on the New
York Stock Exchange had q market
value of $4,000 000, 900 and In 1888
this value had dropped to $4,000.
| 100000. Bonds dropped from $685.
! 600, 900 900 to s2e, 900, 900 900.
Evening star., 1935-02-09

II more difficult matters arise in
patronage distribution, Gov. Nice may
wish he had a Farley to attend to
practical details in a way that will
permit the idealism to proceed with
out interruption.
Evening star., 1935-02-09

The Jersey Judge who socked man
for beating his wife affords new en-
couragement to the chronicler who
describes court proceedings in the
phraseology of the sports page.
Evening star., 1935-02-09

of "state medicine" without surren-
dering the individualistic system in
which the great majority Of them, and
probably the great majority OF their
patients, believe.
Evening star., 1935-02-09

Peanuts and Prosperity.
From the Lowell Evening Leader.
The peanut vender near the White
House grounds reports that business
is picking up. For one thing, the
politicians have returned to Wash
ington-
Evening star., 1935-02-09
Emancipation.

From the Danville Gl) cOmmercial-News.
What a glorious life children have
before ti.em-imagine being able to
take vitamin B for your health with
out being obliged to eat spinach or
turnipSl
Evening star., 1935-02-09
Canadian Cold.

From the Cincinnati Times-Star.
From Ontario is reported a 73-
degrees-below thermometer reading.
Maybe they were looking at the mer-
curry upside down.
Evening star., 1935-02-09
Machinery.

Machinery.
"Do you think the machine age is
hurting us?"
Some" answered Senator Sorg-
hum. But the kind that's liable to
do the most damage Is the political
machine"
Jud Tunkins says money spoils
some people. They can take their
losses, but profits make 'em act
foolish.
Evening star., 1935-02-09
Paul's Prodigality.'

From the Boston Transcript.
A sugar bowl Paul Revere made
sold at auction the other day for
$1,100, so you can see that when he
took time out for his dash around
Middlesex he was really losing money.
Evening star., 1935-02-09
Science of Home Living.

From the Charleston Daily Mail.
The Federal Governments plan to
teach contractors how to build houses
probably is commendable. but there
are great many more persons who
ought to be taught how to live in
them.
Evening star., 1935-02-09

Japanese diplomacy sometimes re-
quires the services Of an interpreter
even after the language has been
made explicit.
Evening star., 1935-02-09
A Tip to Creditors.

From the Paterson News.
We don't mind our creditors worry
ing about what we owe them, but we
do wish they'd quit bothering us with
their troubles.
Evening star., 1935-02-09
Jersey's Game Stocks.

From the Philadelphia Inquirer.
New Jersey is stocking its woods
with 10000 Missouri rabbits. How
ever, we'll still bet on the mosquitoes.