davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1935-01-27

Although HeifetZ is still in his
thirties, lifetime of playing IL behind
his music. Successfully, the Ameri-
can public has known him as child
prodigy. boy wonder and an adoles-
cent genius. He has passed through
each of these successive periods, to
emerge, today, the outstanding violin
ist of his generation.
Heifetz will play the following
program:
"Cnncertn M siSle HIeuxte9ps xtt13pe
9h9srsS TntroSuzione7 fo iandantej:. '''euAtH'0
'Adagio Religioso."
'Scherzo" tvivaceJ. >
90. Finale Marziaie' 'ahesro enerelco1n 1n;acb
"Rondo"' Rom ... ;schubert-Friedbers R
prelude" from IL LEnfant Prodigue,O.
:Hora stases.o. ..-- -Dinicp;5Msiisss
Emanuel Bay at the piano.
Heifetz's famous collection Of viOlinS
is known to musicians and collectors
the world over. The Guarnerius,
which he plays most frequently, is
dated 1742, and is almost above price.
1t formerly belonged to Wilhelmj, the
great German violinist, who toured
this country in the days Of our grand
parents. Before that, it was the prop
erty of Ferdinand Davis, a famous
violinist of the last century, who was
a teacher of Wilhelmj, and who gave
1t to his pupil in his old age. At one
time, also, it came into the possession
Of the Spanish. virtuoso, SaraSate,
whose Carmen Fantasy" will be
played by Heifetz next Sunday, pos
sibly on Sarasate'S former instrument.
1t is known as the David GuarneriuS
and is thus listed in all catalogues.
Seats for the Heifetz concert are on
sale at Mrs. Dorsey's Concert Bureau,
in Droop's. 1900 G street northwest.
~
lily PONS, the famous French
IL coloratura soprano of the Metro
politan Opera, who gave Washington
SO brilliant a recital in Constitution
Hall last April, is again announced
for a recital appearance at the same
hall a week from next Tuesday after
noon at 4:40 o'clock. She will appear
in the fourth of Dorothy Hodgkin
Dorsey's series of Tuesday afternoon
recitals here this season.
HO1lS Will uc dSoAoeCu Ny MdANCA
Hubert, 'celliSt, who will contribute
two groups of cello solos to her pro-
gram, and by Luigi Alberghini, f1ut-
ist, and Arpad Sander, pianist.
Mile. Pons will open her program
with a group of four songs: "Se tu
m ami (Pergolesi), Fatima's aria,
from LES hides Galantes" (Rameau;
Pamina's aria, from The Magic
Flute" (Mozart), and Sir Henry
Evening star., 1935-01-27

queline Kitchen. Patricia Kavanaugh,
Linda Owens, Marilyn Black, Phyllis
Rands, Edith Helmbold, Dan Mayors
Bennett Crosby, Bette Vandergrift
and Jimmie Van Horn.
Warren F. johnson, organist, will
play Grand Choeur," by Rogers, and
Caprice" by Hans Fahrmann, before
the evening service at the Church of
the Pilgrims today.
The music section of the Women's
Club of Chevy Chase, Md, will present
the Newcomb- Bethesda Community
Singers in a musical program tomor-
row at the home of Mrs. c. B. Lin
gamfelter, 1928 Livingston street, at 8
o'clock.
The program for the Y. w. c. A,
music hour today at Seventeenth and
K streets, at o'clock. will be pre-
sented by Christine Church, soprano,
and Edith Athey. pianist and accom-
panist. Men and women are cordi-
ally invited to this hour of music.
Evening star., 1935-01-27
Peabody Examinations.

THE Peabody Conservatory Of Music,
Baltimore, will begin its second
semester on Friday 1t is now 81 years
since the establishment of the con-
servatory as part Of the great foun-
dation created in 1857 by the founder,
George Peabody.
The director Of the conservatory,
Otto Ortmann, and Virginia Black
head, the superintendent Of the pre-
paratory department. are now con-
Quoting daily examinations for the
enrolment of students for the coming
session. The activities of the school
for this period include the continua-
ton of the Friday afternoon recitals,
concerts by the students orchestra,
and the recitals in which advanced
pupils in all departments participate.
One of the most recent develop
ments of the conservatory is the
Peabody Chorus which is under the
direction of Louis Robert and which
is now one of the major activities of
the school. The chorus Is open not
only to students of the conservatory,
but to all others who meet the quail
fications for membership. The activ-
tiles of the school eliminate each year
in the various scholarship, degree and
diploma recitals given in connection
with the graduation exercises.
Evening star., 1935-01-27
In Local Music Circles

half-hour program OF Russian music
at All Souls Church (Unitarian), i,
Sixteenth and Harvard streets, this
afternoon at S o'clock
At the Felicia Rybier Music Club
meeting last Wednesday the following
artists participated: Helen Spasoff,
Herbert Sokolof, Edith Kellert, pian-
lists, and Beatrice Kolewsky, singer. A
reading on Rubinstein was given by
Hedwig Eyle.
The club is preparing a musicale
and card party on Wednesday at the
home Of DR.. and Mrs. Smiler, 1912
Sixteenth street northwest. The art
lists will be Margery King, soprano;
Betty Ellsend, Hedwig Eyle, Karin
karina, dancer, and julien T. Kicker,
baritone.
The Washington Oratorio Society
will hold its annual general election
on Monday evening. February 4, at
the Thomson School, Twelfth and L
streets northwest. A complete slate
OF officers and directors at large will
be elected and installed at that time.
MIR. Severe, completing his second
term as president of the society, has
announced his retirement from that
Office.
The society has begun rehearsals for
Its Spring concert in April. at which
time the Elijah" by Mendelssol1n
Will be sung. Additional members for
the chorus are needed. Membership
applications are being accepted by the
musical director, George F. Kortzen-
born, at HAS Connecticut avenue.
FRANCESCA kaSpar Lawson, soprano,
Will be the guest soloist this morning
at Ingram Memorial Church, accom-
panied by Victor Neale, organist and
choir director.
Eta Schmid Wells presented Betty
Evans last Saturday and Flora Blu
menthal on Wednesday In programs of
piano selections.
Victor George will present several
violin and piano pupils in q musical
program on Wednesday at the Nativity
Parish Hall, Fourteenth and Massa-
chusetts avenue southeast. Those who
will play are Marion and Ruby Shorb
Riker Sleeth, Gloria Grace George,
Warren and Philis May, BODY and
Murfel Anderson.
Dorothy Radde Emery and her as
sistant, Villa Semple, presented their
piano students in two class recitals
assisted by Thelma La Dow, soprano
Today at 5 O'Clock the Congressional
Country Club will present the third of
series Of musicales under the direc-
tion of Hazel M. Williamson. The
artists will be Dorothy Radde Emery,
pianist; Eleanor Yocum, flutist, and
Frederick Denniston, tenor.
Evelyn Sewell Mayors presented her
pupils In piano recital Saturday aft
ernoon In the studio Of the League of
American Pen Women at the Burling-
ton Hotel Those appearing on the
program were Mary, Thomas and
Harold Hickson; Dolores Kern, JAG
Evening star., 1935-01-27

VeTSlCy Slee CIupS, DeCaLle u IlllnR OF
the past. It Is on record that 1000
balalaikaS were Immediately sent out
to the most outstanding clubs and,
if the members did not become ex-
pert players on this instrument, they
had learned what to do with those
with which they were more familiar.
But it is not alone for the impor-
tation of foreign artists that gratitude
is due Mr.. Rabinoff, although his
courage in first recognizing the ex-
traordinary talent of Galli-Curci and
many other familiar names, first
learned on his Boston opera programs,
SwellS the list. He has worked for
the musicians of his adopted country
with ever tender concern for the
art-starved classes. In the days
when any performance on that day
was considered sacrilege, Mr.. Ra-
binoff inaugurated the first Sunday
concerts ever given in this country,
where those whose week days were
crowded with work could find artis-
tic relaxation, at little cost.
It was in Chicago that these Sun
day concerts were started, now be-
come universally popular. At that
period Sunday meant an idle day for
the working classes and more or less
evil occupations the only pastime.
Mr.. Rabinoff leased the Auditorium
Theater for a number of Sunday eve
ningS, organized a philharmonic Or
chestra and gave symphony programs
with vocal and instrumental SoloiSt
for prices that ranged from 18 to 81
cents in subscription form.
The soloists presented during the
series, many of them beginning their
long American popularity on these
Sunday nights, included such names
as John Mccormack, Tetrazini, Fanny
Bloomfield Zeisler and Gogorza.
For this theater, where the new con-
cert venture drew increasing num-
bers Of patrons, was organized the
Chicago Grand Opera Co. by Mr..
Rabinof in 1908 and for many years
it was a close rival of the Metropoli-
tan in artistic production. After a
period spent in Mexico City, where
he was managing director Of the Ma
tional Opera House, he returned to
become owner and director of the
Boston Grand Opera Co., one of the
most important companies in making
opera, known from coast to coast with
its end of the seasons tours.
When estimating our present ar
tistic status the name of Max Rabinoff
stands out prominently in every under
taking that assisted in our growth. A
man Of vision, he was sure in his Sc
lection of what could bring new life
and new ideas to a people he recog-
| nizeS as being capable of assimilation
A man of courage, he took the nee
eSSary risks in all his endeavors,
sparing neither pains nor money to
carry out his ideas.
A man of ideals, his love for art
and his belief in the ultimate height
to which art can rise in this country
go hand In hand and spur him on to
still another effort to arouse apprecia-
tion and cooperation from the people
themselves.
Opera is in danger of being shunted
out of our musical planning, but if
the public'S belief in its educational
and artistic value could be half as
strong as Mac Rabinoff's, then the
united arts of drama and music, which
Is grand opera, would be welcomed in
our midst,
Evening star., 1935-01-27

"E Friday Morning Music Club
will present program devoted
to the compositions Of John
l. Sebastian Bach on Friday at
II o'clock, Barker Hall. It
will include the Suite in B Minor"
for violins, played by the Kaspar
Ensemble; the Flute Sonata" by
Walter Bauer, futist, and Mary Gold
man, pianist, and three chorales by a
group of singers from the Tuesday
Evening Music Club. directed by
Florence Howard. At the close Of
the program the entire audience will
sing the two chorales, "A Stronghold
Sure" and "Sleepers, Wake"
Mark Wollner, violinist, will give a
recital this evening at o'clock at
the National Cathedral School, ac-
companied by Justin Williams at the
piano.
Hazel Williamson presented Ruth
Walton and Donald Corby in two
piano recital on Monday evening at
her studio and on Tuesday Katherine
Riggs and Franklyn Williamson will
be heard.
A special program for young people
will be given today at the 5 O'Clock
hour of music at Friendship House,
324 Virginia avenue southeast, by the
Girls Double Quartet and the Boys
Double Quartet of Elliot Junior High
School, under the direction of Hannah
Bouell The public is invited.
Flora Clayton presented Jacqueline
Lewis, Norma Heyser, Vivian and Ruth
Weinstein, Marylyn Morris and Grace
Ward in a musical program last Sat-
urday evening at her studio.
The Kees Trio, Edith Hoffman
Jones, soprano; Enid Mitchell, mezzo;
Kathleen Hillyer, contralto, with
Susanne Blandy, accompanist, gave a
musical program at the home of Mary
Rebecca Humphrey last Sunday.
Minnie Volkmann, soprano: May
Bradley Allen, contralto; Lois Rankin,
violinist, and Ralph w. Bissonette,
pianist and accompanist, gave bene-
fit concert on Friday evening at the
Wheatley School for the Parent
Teacher Association.
At st. Johns Church, Sixteenth and
H streets northwest, r. Guy Lucas
will play the fourth recital of the sea-
son tomorrow at Sis pm. The program
will include compositions by Bach,
Guilmant, Rachmaninoff, Parry and
others. The choir will sing Epiphany
music and will also illustrate the
Chorale Preludes.
Eva Whitford Lovette will present
the first of three student recitals Fri
day evening at her studio on N street
northwest. Those who will take part
are Ethel Lynn Fast, Francise Bass
Wilson, Hazel Cake, Carolyn Schultz,
Mrs. Camilo Osias.. Hattie Moler,
Myrtle Pierson, Violet Hobbs, Dorothy
Hobbs Mcpherson and Edith Hobbs
Coiner.
George Myers, tenor, will assist
Lewis Corning Atwater. organist, In q
Evening star., 1935-01-27

Bishops familiar and lovely 10, Hear
the Gentle Lark" Her second num-
Der will be the caro- Nome" aria
from the second act Of Verdi's "Rigo-
letto." and after the intermission she
songs, and the Una voce POGO IA"
aria from RoSsini's Barber Of Sc
Vile"
4 PROGRAM of originality and charm
will be offered by Nine. Goeta
Ljungberg, Swedish prima donna Of
the Metropolitan Opera, upon her first
appearance in this city this evening at
$50 O'Clock under the local manage
ment Of the T. Arthur Smith Bureau.
Nine. Ljungberg will appear in the
National Theater.
The order of the numbers Is as fol-
lows:
''Elsa's Dream from the opera
"One Who Has Yearn'd
Alone" .............. Tchaikowsky
'Det Forste Mode"
-. tnFirst. MeetingD. .Grieg
II Rosentid'
C'In the Time Of Roses) ..... .Grieg
Med en- Primulaveris"
The First Primrose') ........ .Grieg
CThanEs for Thy counser) . =. .Gries
En- Drom" CA Dream ...., Grieg
..So; Be; 70 osonsten" Gullabyl .siorgren
ever TO Be Thine') ..... .Sjorgren
Den forsta Kyssen''
(''The First KisS'O .......... SibeliuS
(SReeds, Reeds. Murmur") .... .sibelius
"Flickan kom fran sin alsklings
Men min fagel marks dock icke'
"svarte Rosor" ("Black Roses"j sibeiius
"ASprakerSpolSks" 80. Peterson Berger
.SoiSken ...-.-..'....... .JaIneIsidt
(Pierre Luboshutz at the piano.
~
THE program of the thirtieth Sunday
concert of the National Sym
phony Orchestra, Hans Kinder, con-
ductor, today at pm. has the title Of
Music of Vienna" The complete list
of numbers is as follows:
Overture Die Zauberfiote". ... Mozart
"Allegretto." from symphony No. So
a .-symPhopy p Ms!qS 10. 8 in B Minor tTss
ALLEGRO Moderate"
"Andante Con Motto"
Overture. die F1edermaus."
Johann Strauss
wiener Blut" Johann Strauss
"Pizzcato Polka" .... Johann Strauss
Johann Strauss
Next concert in Sunday series Feb
ruary 10 at pm. SoloiSt, Sophie
BraSlau, contralto.
Next concert in symphony series,
February Z at 4:45 pm SoloiSt, Viola
Mitchell, violinist.
Evening star., 1935-01-27
Notes on Program Of
Symphony Orchestra Concert
Cons+;+7,+ion Hall a. NJ
Constitution Hall a. 4 PM.
By DR.. Hans Kinder, Conductor.
Music OF Vienna.

Overture, die Federmaus,"
Johann Strauss
Wiener Blut". Johann Strauss
"PiZZicatO Polka. Johann Strauss
Blue Danube Waltz. Johann Strauss
After the intermission we will devote
the entire second half Of the pro-
gram to Johann Strauss We have
occasionally played one of the waltzeS.
Today We will play a few other works
besides: The sparkling ''Fledermaus"
("Bat'O overture, as well as the "Pizzi-
cato Polka" and we will finish our
concert with the work which has been
time and again requested, namely, the
blue Danube Waltz"
Evening star., 1935-01-27
Townsend Artists.

AS THIS is being written Helen
AA Jepson, the new American soprano
of the Metropolitan Opera. is making
her debut with that organization in
the new opera In the Pasha's Gar
den" by John Lawrence Seymour,
singing opposite to Lawrence Tibbett.
On Wednesday she will be heard in
Washington at Mrs. Lawrence Town
Evening star., 1935-01-27

Mr.. RabinoH will bring his latest
achievement, the Cosmopolitan Opera
Association, to Constitution Hall
Tuesday for a special performance of
Verdi's La Traviata," another at
tempt Of this idealist to bring yet an
other branch of art within the reach
of all.
Since the day when the lovely Paw
Iowa and her group Of dancers ap-
peared on our artistic horizon, the art
of the dance has undergone stimu-
lation that still is evidenced in the
quickened creativity of its represent
atives. When the magnificent dra-
matte singing of Chaliapin, brought to
this country by Mr.. Rabinoff, electri-
fed the audiences Of the Metropolitan
Opera, the old, stiff art of the music
drama was rendered obsolete with his
first sweeping gesture. Choral sing
ing was changed for all time, after
Mr.. Rabinof introduced the Ukrai-
nian National Chorus, while his dis
covery and sponsoring of the great
Russian colorists, Joseph Urban,
Bakst, Anisfeldt and Benoist, revolu-
tioniZed the are of Stagecraft, enlarg-
ing its scope and acting as spur to
drama itself.
IT WAS a great adventure when Mr.
Rabinoff brought Pavlowa and the
exceIently- chooled Russian ballet to
this country. 1t was a different art,
concentrated upon by specialists for
many years and developed with that
glamorous aptitude that we have
grown to associate with the Russians.
Like the interpretations of all our beau
tiful dreams. from the realm Of fairy
land to our adult desires, Pavlowa
burst on an astonished public, which
responded with universal capitulation
to her charms. Renewed interest in
the dance swept over the country like
a whirlwind, catching up young and
middle aged to swell the growing num-
ber OF its enthusiasts. Her grace and
ethereal beauty. the poetry and fan
taSy that ran like golden thread
through each of her dance interpre-
tationS, and the freedom of bodily CO.
ordination were a revelation to the
entire country.
Choral singing had been revolving
In its narrow orbit until America
heard the Ukrainian National Chorus.
Nothing like it had been known be-
fore and perhaps never even dreamed
of. The rich compass of the voices
of these strangers, the exquisite fine
ness of nuance and the perfectly ad-
justed harmony of the various Sec
tions, more abundant than was in use
here at that time, not only caught the
fancy of the general public, but was q
revelation to conductors and singers
alike of undreamed-of possibilities
AS nearly as can be done with the
American voice timber, this new
manner of singing and new literature
have been incorporated into every
choral group in the country and are
directly responsible for the many
fine singing units we posses today.
A SIMILAR result followed the visit
"A of Andreyeff's Balalaika Orchestra,
another novel musical group, intro
duced to America by Mr.. Rabinoff.
When the skillful players Of the
Russian national instrument gave
their programs on different sized in
struments, ranging from violin tone
to deepest bass, the gentle music of
banjo and guitar, favored in uni
Evening star., 1935-01-27
PLAYS IN Baltimore.
NORMAN FRAUENHEIM win give

piano recital at the Rex Theater,
Baltimore, on Friday evening. His
program will include "Chaconne G
Major" Handel; "Gavotte," Gluck-
Brahms; "Hark. Hark the Lark" and
"Erlking," Schubert-LiSzt; Chopin's
"Nocturne F Sharp" ''Valse C. Sharp
Minor" and Sonata B Flat Minor;
Reflections in the Water" and "Fire-
works." Debussy, and "Campanella,"
List
Evening star., 1935-01-27
American Art Is Indebted
To Rabinoff, Opera Head
Company Appearing in La Travia alta Tuesday
Is Latest of His Musical
Enthusiasm.
BY ALICE EvERSMAN.

TINE memory of most of us will recall without effort the
difference in the standard of music, dancing and the
theater in this country between the time before what
The artistic life has been stimulated to greater degree the
creative and colorfu genius of Slavic people thar by that
influence
every department of drama and music.
1t generally remembered however that artists
artcaly inclined public owe to Max Rabnof not only the
first knowledge Russian Russian artists but the benefit
of his discoveries from besides being directed
by his enterprises into finer appreciation of
Evening star., 1935-01-27
PhotQplays at Washington 7heaters This Week

WEEK OF
I JANUARY 81
| ACADEMY
9Th and G Sts. Sc.
Ambassador
18th & Columbia Rd
Apollo
GA q St. NE.
Arcade
Hyattsville, Md.
Arcade
Rockville. Md.
Ashton
Clarendon, Va.
Avalon
5612 Conn. Ave.
Ave. Grand
645 Pa. Ave. Sc.
Cameo
Mt. Rainier. Nd.
Carolina
11th & NC. Ave. Sc
Central
425 9th st. NV.
Circle
2105 Pa. Ave. NV.
Colony
Ga. Ave. g. Farragut
Dunbarton
1349 Wis. Ave. NV
Fairlawn
Anacostia. D. c.
Hippodrome
X near 9th
Home
18th and c SITS. NE
Jesse
18th nr. RI. Ave.N.E
Palm
Del Ray, Va.
Princess
1119 n st. NE.
Richmond
Alexandria, Va.
Savoy
3O30 14th St. NV.
Seco
Silver Spring. Md.
Stanton
9Th and G Sts. NE
State
Bethesda, Nd.
Sylvan
104 r. /. Ave. NV,
Takoma
Takoma Park, D. @.
Tivoli .
14th and Park Rd.
York
Ga. Ave. d Quebec
Evening star., 1935-01-27
Heifetz, in Violin Recital,
To Appear Next Sunday
Other Musical Events Announced for Wash.
ington-Program of Charm by
Nine. Ljunsbers

TASCHA HEIETZ world famous voinS who is critically
ranked in quarters the greatest technical vrtuoso
of this instrument before the American and European
public is announced here III recital at Constitution Hail.
afternoon
Dorothy Hodgkn DorseY first Sunday afternoon recital series
Evening star., 1935-01-27

In the center is Helen Jepson,
American soprano, who Thursday
made her debut at the Metropoli-
tan Opera in Seymour's In the
Pasha's Garden" Miss JepSon, to-
gether with Richard Bonelli Cup
per left), the popular baritone of
the Metropolitan, will give the last
program Of Mrs. Townsend's morn
ing musicales on Wednesday at
the Mayflower. Upper right, Max
Rabinoff. director of the Cosmo-
politan Opera Association, which
will present Verdi,s La Traviata"
at Constitution Hall on Tuesday.
Below, left, Jascha Heifetz, famous
violiniSt, appearing in recital next
Sunday at Constitution Hall, and,
right, Alexander Sklarevski, Rus
sian pianist, who will give a re-
cital Friday at the Carlton Hotel.
Evening star., 1935-01-27

EXPERIENCED PIANO TEACHER. WITH
college degree, can accommodate 10 addi-
tional pupils; Studio, 81 Shepherd St.
Hyattsville, Md. Phone Mrs. r. P. Mac
CONNELL. Greenwood 169O-J.
BESSIE N. WILD
Voice Culture. Piano and Harmony
Studio. 6S24 5th St: NV.
Evening star., 1935-01-27

George Myers, tenor, will assist
Lewis Corning Atwater. organist, In q
Evening star., 1935-01-27
Saturday

Charles Laughton In
The Private Life of
Henry VIII" Buck
Jones in Lone Rider"
Laurel and Hardy
Babes in Toyland. +"
GnnnAdH
, 1935-01-07
City Briefs

Mixing bowls. glaSsbake, oven.
ware, and beautiful China SETS
Brownsville Hardware.-Adv.
Mr.. and Mrs. NJ w. Trap are
the parents OF a seven-pound baby
girl born at the Mercy hospital
Sunday night.
Miss Marian d. Pollen returned
to Our Lady Of the Lake In San
Antonio Sunday night after a two
weeks visit with her parents. Mr.
and Mrs. William Pollen.
Johnson's Electric floor polisher
and wax. Cara Hardware. $50 18th
St.-AdV.
Simon Gonzales has been named
as a deputy under Constable H. d.
Lozano Of the Brownsville precinct.
Mrs. Jerry Burns is office deputy.
Mayor George Seaman and City
Secretary Jack Frost Of Port Isabel
were visitors in Brownsville Monday.
County Superintendent John Bar
ron has gone to Austin to attend a
state meeting Of county superin-
tendents called by State Superin-
tenoent L. A. Woods.
, 1935-01-07

FORT WORTH. Jan. z. P-De-
mand was definitely better for wheat
but only fair for other grains at
Fort Worth as the new week start
ed. Estimated receipts for the two
day period were. Wheat . cars:
corn SO. and oats lear
Delivered Texas Gulf ports. eX-
port rate or Texas common points:
Wheat No. ] hard f.16 Ia to lit
Ia.
Barley No. ? nominally 96-es: No.
3 nominslly 95-97.
Sorghums No. 2 milo per 100
pounds nominallv 2.l3-2.l5: No. 3
milo nominlay 2.1l-2.i3. No. 2 kafir
nominally 2.00-2n5; No. 3 kafir
nominally i.95-2.03.
Delivered Texas common points
or group three.
Corn No. 2 white 1.22 "a to i.23
"a. No. . yellow l.l6 "a 10 lit ga.
Oats No. ? red 81 l-2 to IS 10; No.
3 red 63 IL TO "a Ia.