davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1935-07-03
BY DON BLOCH.

N EGINNING at 8:35 pm. to-
x morrow, the Fourth of July,
one Victor Barnaba, italian
gentleman from New Jersey,
will with actual deliberation, set of to
burn in the public square of Washing
ton, the value Of $1,000, in total Of
los pieces-of fireworks!
He will not be alone. There will be
three actors in the sparks and flames
melodrama, briefly entitled. Program
A." which the Washington's Fourth
Of July Celebration Committee have
chosen for their annual fiery produc-
ton. Each man In the cast Is an
accomplished and veteran thespian in
pyrotechnics, each star in his own
right.
For the story Of a mammoth fire.
works display is very much like the
story of some stage spectacle, with the
same scripts and rehearsals, the same
need for timing and stage business" I"
and the same hopes and fears on the
part of the cast and producers for the
success Of their vehicle. From the
first Opening Salute: Simultaneous
discharge Of 81 nine-inch Aerial
Maroons, making terrific reports, an
nouncing the commencement Of the
display" to the Grand Cannonade"
and final GOOD Night: in three
colors," the story Of a great fireworks
display Is packed with interest.
Rehearsals at Factory.
Long before these powder concoc-
tions have even come to Washington,
In their specially constructed weather.
proof, 30-ton trucks, there has been
long weeks and months of experiment
and rehearsal back at the fireworks
plant.
The making of fireworks display
pieces in this country seems to be
mostly in the hands of Italians, for
some undiscovered reason. The trade
is handed down from father to son,
and oftentimes an entire factory will
be manned almost throughout with
relatives and members Of the same
family. They take great pride in
their craft, and are smugly confident
in the excellence of their own product.
Family schisms often result in the
rise Of rival companies. s.
At the factory during the Winter
and early Spring, constant expert
mentation with different combinations
of powder and metal f1lings-iron,
aluminium, and magnesium-are being
carried on. Each artisan is an in
dependent Inventor" of effects in
colored fires and powders, by himself.
Periodically there are held "rehear-
sals," on testing grounds near the
factory, Of each Of the new pieces so
worked out. They are tested and re-
Evening star., 1935-07-03

of sand and water spotted all over the
set; fences, and police guards to keep
the curious away from the danger
area-that seldom does anything seri-
GUS occur. Since 1911, in fact, when
the first of these annual displays was
put on in Washington, no accident has
happened to any spectator in any way.
Once "on location" these showmen
in sparks begin the assembling OF
their set. About an acre Of space
will be needed for Program A" this
year, on the north side of the
Ellipse. Inside the two tents set up
on the corner of Sixteenth street and
Constitution avenue, the fireworks men
have been busy for two days putting
together and storing their pieces. A
trench has been dug, "a inches deep.
lined at the bottom with heavy planks
to withstand the terrific kick-back of
the steel mortars from which the
huge shells are fired into the air.
Workmen digging this trench yester-
day found buried the boards from
similar spectacle three or four years
ago llIcTdlly SildLItTSo " Spll1lcIS.
The individual steel mortars for
shooting of the giant aerial rockets
and bombs range in size from 6
inches to "a in diameter. Some of the
larger shells. or bombs, hold as much
as so pounds of gunpowder and other
materials. and contain as many as
$50 separate parts inside them to
produce their varied effects in the air.
Stage About Set.
BY tonight all the pieces will have
been set up and ready for the big day
tomorrow. Just before the perform
ance, every piece will be carefully
rechecked by the foreman of the stage
crew.
After the opening salute, the real
work for the men will begin. Wind
may cause trouble. When it shifts, it
may blow the smoke and sulphur fumes
toward the audience, shutting of the
spectacle and causing much minor
anguish. It may also make 1t neces-
sary for the routine Of the program to
be momentarily abandoned, and set
piece in another location be substi-
tuted until the scene is cleared.
Shellac smeared over the pieces forms
some protection against the rain,
should this come, but when a soaking
shower descendS, the men will have
to tear down the soggy pieces and
Is rain insurance, carried by the
company, but this will not cover all
the loss for them:
Slow-burning fuses, or matches, !"
in pyrotechnical parlance, have been
developed to regulate the speed at
which they will burn, so that parts
of the set may be fired in proper Sc
quence One of the "lances," the
technical name for big sets. may con-
tain as much as mile of fuse and last
for half an hour.
Elaborate measures are taken to
protect the fireworks operators them
selves, who must work in the inferno
of smoke and flame, where the heat
and sulphur smells are intense In
handling heavy mortars, for example,
barricades are erected so that in case
the bomb should go off prematurely,
the force of the detonation will be
broken. The lighters carry what are
called port flares, a sort Of railway
signal flare, constructed on the end of
special carrier or Roman candle
stick, so that their hands and faces
are not unnecessarily exposed.
One Ton Of Powder.
The fact that much stronger grade
of powder is used in these giant fire.
Evening star., 1935-07-03
MOVE TO PROTECT
NEWSMEN GROWS
Legislation Being Enacted
to Permit Writers to
Guard Sources.
Ry the Associated Press.


CHICAGO, July 3.-A freedom Of
the press" movement to grant news
paper men the same immunity from
punishment accorded physicians and
ciergymen for refusing to disclose
sources Of confidential information, Is
gaining impetus.
Legislation to make it impossible to
imprison newspaper reporters or fine
them for remaining mum when asked
to tell where they obtain news given
them in confidence, has been enacted
or is pending in several States.
This was disclosed by survey made
after the Illinois Legislature recently
son, ILL.,, publisher. specifically exempt
ing newspaper men from being forced
to tell courts and grand juries the
sources of confidential information.
Gov. Henry Horner, however, has not
yet signed the measure.
Pending in Two States.
Similar legislation is pending or
contemplated in the legislatures Of
Alabama and Massachusetts,, and a
movement along the same line is be-
ing studied by the Executive Commit
tee of the Kentucky Press Association
for possible submission to the legisla-
tors Of that State in 1886.
The movement, both in Massachu-
sets and Kentucky. got under way
after official action had been taken in
several instances to punish newsmen
for refusing to talk"
The Massachusetts, measure was
filed after William Gavin, city editor
Of the Boston Traveller, refused to
divulge his source Of information for
a story relating to recent custer pro-
ceedings instituted by Gov. James M.
Curley against Eugene c. Huffman,
chairman of the Metropolitan District
Commission of Boston.
In Kentucky TIE freedom OF the
press" move followed two newspaper
confidence" cases that won national
recognition in 1894. Vance Armen-
trout, associate editor of the Louis
vile Courier Journal, was sent tc jail
by Legislature Lobby Investiga ting
Committee for refusal t.. disclose the
name Of the writer Of an article
critciizing the speaker and Rules
Committee of the House
Reporters Chose Jail.
Later in the same year Jack Dur
ham and Wesley Cartv. reporters for
the Kentucky Advocate at Dauyille
Evening star., 1935-07-03
Firing the Fireworks
Experts to Light Ton of Powder in
Display Tomorrow Night.

tested, built and rebuilt on their wood
and rattan frames, until just the exact
effect desired by the craftsman Is
attained. He will then submit the new
piece to the factory head for its ap-
proval or rejection as a permanent
place in the company's catalog Of "set
pieces" Sheer accident is often re-
sponsible for some Of the most beau
tiful pieces. OF course, scores of the
old favorites-Niagara Falls, Ameri-
can Flags, American Beauty Roses,
and many varieties of aerial star
and whistling bombs-are made by the
thousands year after year. These COM
panies know from the wise experience
of decades of manufacture how to
balance" a fireworks program for
their public; the conventional pieces
will always be there.
Send Technician Firef.
Once an order Is placed for a GER
tain routine spectacle, the pieces in
that program are loaded on the trucks
and driven by bonded drivers to the
scene of action. Sometimes the actors
in the spectacle will come along with
the fireworks, but more often they
appear later. Very often the inventors
of certain of the set pieces are sent out
as part of the troupe to light off and
superintend the operation of their own
creations. Always the company sends
its own technicians to fire off the
display, each man fully insured by the
company, and each a specialist along
certain lines.
Each company also carries its own
fire and indemnity insurance in case
of damage or accident caused to
property or life. Such elaborate pre-
cautions are taken, however-buckets
Evening star., 1935-07-03

works than in the ordinary Fourth of
July firecracker adds to the hazards
of his work. There may be as mucn
as $50 pounds of powder TO so square
feet of some sets. Program A" con-
tains, altogether, more than one ton
of gun and :lluminative powders.
Although the match on the larger
bombs, the most dangerous pieces to
work around, are feet long, their
action is almost instantaneous. The
lighter stoops from the waist, touches
the port flare, then drops quickly be-
hind his barricade. The detonation
Is momentarily deafening, as the rush
of air forms a 5-foot vacuum about
the spot. The workmen declare, how
ever, that they suffer no permanent
i'll effects from this constant can
nonading. and claim the only discom-
forts they suffer are from the intense
heat. There is no relief from this and
the smoke behind the scenes.
Evening star., 1935-07-03
3 D. c. ENLISTED MEN
PASS OFFICERS TEST
Army Air Corps Privates to Be
Certified for Nomination as
Second Lieutenants.

Three Washington Army Air Corps
privates are to be certified to the
Senate for appointment as second
ieutenantS in the Air Corps, Regular
Army, as a result Of final examina-
tions conducted in the United States
and foreign possessions last April.
The three are Joseph Bynum STAN
ley, a native Of the District, now on
duty at Mitchell Field, N. Y; Charles
Bennett Harvin, on duty at Boiling
Field, and Burton w. Armstrong, jr,
a native of Washington, also on duty
at Boiling Field. Harvin is a native
Of Baltimore.
Only AZ candidates were selected for
commissions out of ATS examined. All
candidates were graduates of the Air
Corps Training Center, qualified air.
plane pilots and members of the Air
Corps Reserve. Upon confirmation
by the Senate, appointments will be
rendered the successful candidates.
Evening star., 1935-07-03
Buses to Aid "Y" Trips.

BY arrangement with the Y. M. G.
A.. the Washington Rapid Transit Co.
will operate a special bus service to
Camp Let's tomorrow and on Sundays
throughout the Summer while the
camp Is open.
Evening star., 1935-07-03
SEEK
FREEDOM STAND
Resolution May Establish
Views on Academic
Procedures.
Nv the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
DENVER, July 3.-Reconciliation by
resolution-a favorite convention cure
was sought behind bolted doors to-
day by leaders of the National Edu-
cational Association for sweeping de-
mands for academic freedom"
The Denver News said 1t mad
learned the first draft of one resolu-
ton in committee recommends the ap-
pointment of a committee Of five to
educate the public on the question
and to investigate cases OF asserted
persecution.
1T (such a resolution)," said Fred
erick L. Redefer, Washington, D. c.,
lis wholly inadequate to protect the
principle Of academic freedom. There
is absolutely no provision for action.
Two Extreme Views.
Agreement is reached only on the
fact there are two extremes OF thought.
One school would teach only that
which is accepted by society as fact.
The other would present all sides OF
any controversial subject, regardless
of its nature. In between there are
dozen shades of thought drawn with
hair-line precision.
President Henry Lester Smith urged
fellow teachers to exercise that free
dom which produces initiative, stimu-
lates Imagination, attracts followers.
yet stops short of disorganizing and
disintegrating influences"
Nr tNfa NJ n
lumbia fears academic freedom Is
threatened by large army Of WITCH
burners" and urged uniting with
"other groups" for protection of the
ideal.
Election Of Officers Looms.
Eager to dispose of the abstract
arguments the delegates gave in
creasing attention to the election of
officers, a choice, in the words of DR..
Willis A. Sutton, Atlanta, Ga, educa-
tor, among "a Vermont violet, Mas
sachusetts rose and an Iowa prairie
flower"
The candidates are Anne C. Wood
ward, Somerville, Mass: Agnes Sam
uelson, Des Moines, Iowa, and Caroline
Woodruff, Castleton. VT.
They have said they would be guided
by convention action on the academic
freedom" question.
Neither the final proposals Of the
Resolution Committee nor the election
will be reached until tomorrow.
The association concentrated on
youth in quest of an answer on what
to do about the 100000 unemployed
young people.
Robert N. Bush, Greely, Colo, presi-
dent of the Rocky Mountain region Of
the National Student Federation. told
the general assembly that youth now
is at tragic standstill, and security
has been attempted for the older
groups at the expense of the younger" !"
Evening star., 1935-07-03
CHARLES NEWELL WINS
YELLOWSTONE PRIZE
D. c. Federal Worker Gets Tour
to Convention for Member.
shin Drive


An all-expense- paid trip to Yellow
stone National Park, where the con-
vention of the National Federation
Of Federal Employees meets September
2, was the reward given Charles j.
Newell of National Park Service
Branch, Local Union No. 2, for win
ming the three month membership
campaign in obtaining some 200 new
members. The drive was conducted
by the District Of Columbia Fedora
ton of Federal Employees Unions.
Results were announced last night at
SholPs. Cafe.
John w. Ginder, president Of the
local federation, made the presenta-
ton, lauding Newell's work. Prin-
cipal speaker was Luther c. Steward,
president Of the national group, who
emphasized the Importance of the
campaigns now being conducted over
the country. The toastmistress was
Miss Gertrude M. McNally, secretary
treasurer Of the national organization.
An entertainment program was pre-
sented during the evening.
Ranking second in the local cam
paign was Mrs. Ola q. King Of Local
262, while Miss Mae Morgan of Local
los was third. Mrs. King will 70 to
Atlantic City the week end of July 2s
as the guest Of her union, which Is
located in the Treasury.
Evening star., 1935-07-03
PRIZE MELON RECEIVED
Georgia Festival Queen Presents
Presidential Gift.

President Roosevelt yesterday re-
ceived an 84-pound watermelon
grown in Georgia and the prize win
ming melon at the recent festival held
in Moultrie, Ga.
This melon was received on behalf
Of the President at the Executive
Office by Secretary M. H. Mcintyre
The presentation was made by Miss
Fannie Megahee, queen of the water
melon festival, who was accompanied
by Miss Margaret Abernathy, her maid
of honor; Mrs. Clifford Ray, official
chaperon, and Representative Cox Of
Georgia.
Evening star., 1935-07-03

KY. went to jail rather THAI tell
Police Judge Jay W. Harlan vino gave
them advance information that a
member of the Legislature was to be
hanged in ef1gy at Danville.
New Jersey mas already acted to
protect newspaper men and their news
sources, and Maryland did so as far
back as 1896. Similar efforts have
been made in Nevada, Pennsylvania
and Indiana, but the proposed meas
ures were never enacted into law.
And in New York recently the ap-
pellate division upheld jail SEN
tence of 80 days imposed on Martin
Mooney, a reporter for the New York
American, for refusing to give grand
jury the source Of information for a
series of articles on alleged vice and
rackets.
Evening star., 1935-07-03
WIFE SUES A. J. BULGER

Arthur ]. Bulger Of the Dupont
Circle Apartments, an engineer with
the Public Works Administration here,
is being sued for divorce by his wife,
Frieda, in Reno, New. Mrs. Bulger filed
suit Monday, according to an Associ-
ated Press dispatch. She charges
cruelty.
The couple was married in New York
City in August, 1927.
Evening star., 1935-07-03
FLAGSHIP TO REMAIN
Plans Changed for Cruise
Augusta Of Asiatic Fleet.

The 10, ,00o-ton cruiser Augusta is to
remain as flagship Of the Asiatic Fleet
instead of being replaced by the 1000
ton cruiser Omaha, as originally in
tended.
Secretary Swanson made this an
nouncement today following compile
ton of studies to determine the cost Of
making essential alterations to ~the
Omaha to At her as flagship. The
Omaha is to continue with Light Cruz
ser Division 8.
Some observers felt that by the orig
inal plan to replace the Augusta with
a smaller ship Uncle Sans interest In
the Orient would suffer loss Of pres
tige.
Evening star., 1935-07-03
Signs With Metropolitan.

NEW YORK, July 3 @.-Marjorie
Lawrence, Australian dramatic So
prano, has been engaged for the Met
ropolitan Opera for next season by
Edward johnson, general manager.
Miss Lawrence is singing at the Paris
Opera.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1935-04-25
Infant Son Dies

Funeral services were held at
1:30 p. m. Tuesday at the home of
Mr.. and Mrs. Roy Buchholz for
their infant son, Larry Leonard
Buchholz who was born Sunday,
April 81, and lived but a few
hours. Rev. G. Schuetze of Sher-
idan was in charge of the service.
The pail bearers were Harold
Ziegler, Harold Samuelson, Royce
Holzerland and Harry Buchholz.
Little Betty Samuelson and Har-
land Merrill Holzerland carried
the flowers. Burial was in the
Beaver Falls cemetery.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1935-04-25
| SEE BY THE GAZETTE

Mr.. and Mrs. Rex Miller will
be hosts to the Whist Club Fri
day.
Mr.. and Mrs. ]. M. Woodwork,
former residents, called on friends
here Friday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Leo Ruder and
family were Sunday supper guests
at the G. o. Schlick home at Lu.
can.
Mr.. and Mrs. Edgar VIM and
family Of Ruthton were Easter
guests of Misses Ada and Jennie
VIM.
Mr.. and Mrs. M. L. Holmberg
motored to Fargo Saturday and
were guests of Mrs. Holmberg's
parents until Sunday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. B. Ii. Clark had
as guests Easter day Mr.. and Mrs
George Clark Of Sank Center ano
Mr.. and Mrs. E. B. Orion and son
Farmers-protect your young
chicks during the wet spring
weather Sulpho-carb tablets arc
the best. Only 25c per package
at Hanson's Drug Store. AZ
Miss Helen Ruhl of st. Paul
spent the weekend with her par.
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. Glenn Ruhl al
New Avon and with her sister
Miss Lorraine Ruhl and other
relatives here.
The Industrial society of the
Church of Christ will have an al
day meeting at the church Wed.
nesday, May 1. A potluck dinner
will be served. Members are ask.
ed to bring thimbles and scissors
w. R. Wingate returned Mon.
day evening from Minneapolis
where he had gone Saturday tc
visit Mrs. Wingate and his son-in.
law and daughter, Mr.. and Mrs
Lloyd Rasmussen.
Protect the chickens-Standari
Louise powder contains the right
ingredients with just enough Nj
cotine-only Csc per package al
Hanson's Drug Store. A
Miss Belle McCorquodale Of
Lake Wales, Florida, who is the
house guest of Mr.. and Mrs. Irs
Rogers left for Sleepy Eye where
she will visit for a week with Mrs
w. w. Smith.
Mr.. and Mrs. ]. X. Lambertor
and daughter, Barbara Gay, came
Friday from their home in Mime
apolis and were over Easter
guests of Mrs. Lillian Lambertor
and other relatives. They were
accompanied on their return Mon
day by Miss Katherine Clement
who had spent the weekend here
at the M. L. Pettis home as 9
guest of Miss Maxine Pettis.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1935-04-25

Herb Johanneck spent the week.
end in Minneapolis.
Mrs. Frances Davis was Sum
day guest of Mrs. Jessie Posi- at
Glencoe.
Mrs. T. o. johnson entertained
her Bridge club Wednesday af-
ternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. J. Dunlevy
spent Sunday with relatives at
Mankato.
Miss Myrtle Holt left Saturday
to visit friends in Minneapolis
over the weekend.
The Married Peoples group
will hold one of its club dances
this evening in the Legion hall.
Mrs. Martin Hammel and chill
dren and Miss Celia Ehlers spent
Easter Sunday with relatives at
Marshall.
Miss Helen Hoffman of Ovation
ma was an Easter Day guest of
her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Harry
Hoffman.
Miss Ferne Farnsworth returned
to Winnebago Sunday after spend
ing the spring vacation at her
home here.
Douglas, Paul and Thomas Nc
Kay spent their Easter vacation
at the home of their uncle, Irwin
Mckay at Delhi.
The Country Mite society of the
Presbyterian church will hold it's
meeting Wednesday, May 1, at the
home Of Mrs. R. M. Campbell.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lester Becker
and children of Clements were
Thursday evening dinner guests
of Mr.. and Mrs. Walter Mertz.
Miss Lois Bethke arrived Mon
day from Big Stone City, South
Dakota with Miss Hazel Richert
and will remain for some time at
the home of Mr.. and Mrs. Charles
Wagner.
Farmers-it pays to treat your
seed potatoes-Semesan Bel will
control seed born diseases. New
stock at Hanson's Drug Store. 43
Members of the Birthday Club
entertained last Wednesday eve
ming at the Ira Rogers home in
honor of the birthday of Mrs. E.
L. Gallea.
Mr.. and Mrs. J. J. Preuss and
son, William and Mr.. and Mrs. r.
E. Kratzke and daughter Of Lam
berton, Mr.. and Mrs. John Frank
Sr. and Mr.. and Mrs. Arthur
Frank and daughters of Buffalo
Lake, Mr.. and Mrs. A. F. Raduenz
and Mr.. and Mrs. William Jordan
of Vesta were visitors Sunday at
the home Of Mr.. and Mrs. Armin
Raduenz at Lucan.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1935-04-25
HOvde Addresses
Minnesota Alumni

British intercollegiate athletics
are played more for the spirit of
craftsmanship and enjoyment
than the incentive to win at any
cost, which characterizes Ameri-
can sports, Fred Hovde, former
University of Minnesota gridiron
star, Rhodes scholar at Oxford
university and now assistant to
the dean of the Minnesota general
college, told Redwood county uni
versity alumni members Tuesday
night in the Legion hall.
Mr.. Hovde, who, following a
brilliant athletic and scholastic
career at the university, spent
three years at Oxford, was able
to observe the English sports at
titude by his participation in rug
by, the British equivalent of foot
ball.
Athletic contests in England
serve to bring opposing team
members into social contact and
friendly acquaintanceship, he said,
and following their games the
teams 60 to a club house to drink
their tea and hold a get-together.
"In our American sports" the
former all Big-Ten quarterback
concluded, "the players on the
competing teams see each other
only during the game. Before the
contest they are kept in seclusion
and their passions whipped to a
frenzy, while following the game
they are whisked away"
E. B. Pierce, secretary Of the
alumni association, also spoke, ex-
planning the work accomplished
and the advantages offered by the
university.
The speaking program was pre-
coded by a dinner prepared and
served under the direction of
Mrs. Parker Sanders, aided by
Mrs. George Barnes, Mrs. William
Dunlevy, Mrs. C. D. Clipfell, Mrs.
Donald Gold, Mrs. ]. F. Knudson,
Mrs. Gus Nelson, Mrs. E. H. John
son, Mrs. Willard Holmberg, Mrs.
o. H. johnson, Mrs. C. L. Lynn,
Mrs. j. C. Budik and Mrs. Leon
H. Brown. Forty persons attend
ed the dinner while larger num-
Der was present for the showing
of the football films.