davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1935-07-23
What's What
Behind News
In Capital
Army Not as Excited as
Navy at Talk of Reds
Within Ranks.
BY PAIL MALLON.

The man behind the Tydings-Mc-
Cermick sedition bill is Navy Secre-
tary Swanson. He got steamed up
recently about the Reds circulating
propaganda amcng his sailors. The
stoker who brought him to the boil
ing point was Comdr. V. L. Kirkman,
who is head of new Red-chasing
squad in the Navy.
You may hare noticed that the
Army does not appear to be equally
ercited about Reds in its branch
of the service. War Secretary Dern
1urote letter approving the bill,
but this waS done at the instance
OF Mr.. Swanson.
The real Army slant on the move
was given privately by Chief of Staff
Macarthur to Congressman. He is
supposed to have told them he con-
Sidered the bill unnecessary, If not
silly.
1t is understood Macarthur. "the
best soldier in the Army" has way
of handling Reds, which does not re-
quire a law.
Legal Experts Write Laws.
If people knew more about the way
laws are made, the statute books
would not be as thick as they are.
Most laws originate just where the
sedition bill did, in the mind OF a
person of influence. who has an idea
to meet a specific situation. Such
people. even Congressman, usually
cannot write laws themselves That
Job is turned over to experts in legal
verbiage.
Evening star., 1935-07-23
HEAT RELIEF FAILS
TO APPEAR OVER US.
Mass of Tropical Air Hangs On
D. c. Temperature May
Touch 95.

The end Of the Semi-tropical weather
conditions In Washington and else
where in the Eastern United States is
not yet in sight, according to the
Weather Bureau.
The great moist mass of warm trop-
1cal air which has blanketed the coun-
try for days shows not the slightest
indication of moving anywhere, and
Washington will continue to have
typical Florida Summer weather today
and tomorrow and possibly for several
days after. This means warm, humid
weather, with sporadic showers.
Within the past "a hours there
have been thundershowers in every
State east Of the Rocky Mountains,
the Weather Bureau reported, and
still the air remains warm and moist
even at high attitudes.
Today's maximum temperature here
is expected to be about 95 degrees
unless one of the many local thunder
showers chooses to develop over the
city. in which case the clouds may keep
the temperature down to about 92
Evening star., 1935-07-23
Italians Demand
Elephant Fee of
Modern Hannibal
Alps Border Authorities
Fail to ShOu Fears of
ancient Barbarians.
By the Associated Press

BY the Associated Press.
ROME. July Richard Hallibur-
ton, the American traveller and au-
thor, who Is trying TO emulate hanni-
bal in 'conquerips Italy" by cross
ing the Alps on an elephant. struck
a Snag when ItaiiaA authorities at
the frontier point OF Gran San Ber-
nardo told him hC would have to
pay deposit IF so per cent of the
elephants value
Halliburton was forced to return to
Lucerne, Switzel lard, minus the ele-
phant. to obtain funds for the Gus
toms deposit-sonethlng Hannibal did
not have to WORRY about. The ele-
phant was left in charge of vet
erinarian from the nearby town of
Aosta.
Halliburton letu;ned with the
money last night, much to the re-
lief of the veterinarian, out the
traveller still had smother modern
obstacle to overcome in his journey
to Rome-the veteri. arian must pass
on the elephants sanitary qualifica-
tions before it enters Italy.
No indication was gwen as to mod
ern Italy's conception of the. value
Of an elephant.
Evening star., 1935-07-23

Their own age and the development of
lighter all-metal cars have made re-
placement of most Of them economi-
cally advisable Already, the rail-
roads have planned a i0-year pro-
gram Of installing a wly-developed
type of air brakes on freight cars. ex-
penditure of $500 900, 900 being con-
templated for this incidental program.
There were approximately 25,70O
passenger er-carrying cars on Glass
railroads in 1884 OF this number.
$500 were all or mostly of wood con-
struction. Twenty-Five hundred din
ing, parlor and sleeping cars and about
5000 PullmanS also are in service. all
Of them rapidly approaching obso-
leScence as the railroads continued
through the past years without max
ing requirements.
OF pressing need is the buying of
new shop equipment at an estimated
cost of about $1,000, 900. 900 During
the l0-year period ended with 1929
the Glass | railroads expended an
average of s4Oo 900 900 a year on To-
comotive repairs alone" the Railway
Age says This is the largest single
account OF railway operating expenses,
and it has been estimated that mod
ern shop equipment could effect a
reduction in this expense of from
10 to is million dollars annually"
Curtailment of expenditures on
maintenance of way and structures
has reached a rock bottom and an
analysis of train accidents per loco
motive mile, published by Railway
Age, shows that the accident reduc-
tion, which started in 1925 and con-
tinued without reverse until 1882.
turned into a slight increase in 1888.
Continuance OF such an unfavorable
trend will force increased safety ex-
penditures. and it is estimated that
approximately 81 ,000, 600. 900 would be
necessary to restore the fixed prop
critics Of railroads to their high stand
ard Of physical condition Of 1929.
New developments in signal fscili-
ties offer a fertile field for capital
expenditures. The Railway Age says
Appropriations for such improve
ments, amounting to at least s20,-
600 900 annually over a f1ve-year pc
riod, will yield large returns, while ar
annual outlay of sl00o0,o0o is needed
Evening star., 1935-07-23
MRS. VALLEY GLAD
ASPR|SON NEARS
Japanese Woman, En- Route
to Anderson Home, Also
on Train.
BY the Associated Press.


TAKOMA, July 23.-The girl the
Government convicted of kidnapping
9-year- -old George Weyerhaeuser was
speeding across the country today on
a journey, which will end at the Fed
eral Women's Prison at Milan, Mich.
Mrs Margaret Thulin Valley, 10,
in the custody of u. S. Marshal A.
j. Chitty and Mrs. Chitty. left here
last night aboard the Great Northern
Empire Builder for the prison to which
she has been sentenced for 20 years.
I'll be glad when get back there, 3"
said Mrs. Valley, as she stepped from
the city Jail cell in which she has
been confined since June 81,
The plump, stolid young wife Of
Harmon Metz Valley, now serving As
years in Alcatraz for the kidnapping,
showed little emotion except possible
pleasure at the prospect Of starting
her prison term.
On the same train with Mrs. Valley
there was riding another Federal wom-
an prisoner, Mrs. Utsukichi Okawa,
an elderly Japanese of Takoma. bound
for the detention home in Anderson,
w. Va, to serve three years on a
narcotics charge. Mrs. OkawaS son
gave Margaret a box of candy with
the request that she look after
mother"
William Dainard, alias Mahan, a
fugitive under a kidnap indictment
and named by the girl during her
trial as the instigator of the plot. still
was sought. He was last seen in Butte,
Mont, June 8.
Evening star., 1935-07-23
ATTACK ON BUILDERS
CALLED UNJUSTIFIED
Director of Associated Contrac-
tors Discusses Findings of
Senate Committee.

Discussing the findings of the Sen
ate Labor Committee, which investi-
gated charges of wage "kick-backs"
on public projects, Edward j. Hard
ing, managing director of the Asso-
ciated General Contractors of Amer
ica, took the view last night that
amy broadside incrimination of
Government contractors on this score
is uniustifiable 80
Harding also pointed out that in
1882 the Associated General Con-
tractors of America advocated pre-
determination of prevailing wage
rates, so a contractor would know in
advance what his labor costs would
be If he bid on a Government project.
This is one of the recommendations
the Senate Education and Labor
Committee made in its report yester-
day.
In his statement Harding also said
he was gratif1ed to note that the
committee takes notice of the fact
that some Government agencies, in
carrying on construction work under
the day labor system, fail to pay pre-
yailing wages
Evening star., 1935-07-23

to make good the accrued deficiencies
in signal maintenance.
Arundel Cotter, writing in the Wall
Street Journal, has this TO say about
possibilities of equipment buying on
the part of the railroads:
Railroads today are carrying some
so per cent OF normal business and
their surplus of engines and cars,
excluding those out of repair, appears
TO be insufficient to permit an in
crease to 10 per cent in the trsfic
without putting on additional equip
ment. A normal seasonal increase in
the Fall may result in a shortage.
A general upsweep Of business almost
certainly would.
New. modern equipment, moreover,
would materially reduce fuel and
maintenance costs. in some cases suf-
in a few years. All indications, IN
fact, point to the need Of new equip
ment. Actual buying, however. may
wait on the solution Of three prob
lens. These are: Dificulty of
financing purchases: uncertainty as to
whether business will revive and thus
necessitate purchases; finally. If a
broad purchasing program is under
taken what types of motive power
will be most economical"
An optimistic note in the railroad
reckoning is sounded by Federal Co.
ordinator of Transportation Joseph
B. Eastman:
There are strong reasons to hope
for much better railroad net earn
ings in the future. With revival Of
business the net will probably i'm
prove at faster rate than the gross.
The drastic economies in recent years
have been accomplished to a consid-
erable extent at the expense Of
maintenance, and what has been de-
ferred in this respect must be made
good, but railroad arrangements have
learned much through adversely and
many of the economies will be per-
manent.
The railroads are still an essen
tial and by far the most important
form of public transportation. and
the prospects are that they will con-
tinue TO be So"
Tomorrow Mr.. Henry tDiH discuss
the automobile and radio indus
tries.
Evening star., 1935-07-23
KEG LIQUOR PLAN
is FACING DEBATE
Bill Setting Up New Control
Agency Due for House Action
Today.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The question of permitting sale OF
liquor in kegs and barrels faced sharp
debate in the House today.
Up for consideration was bill
setting up a new control agency to
replace the Federal Alcohol Control
Administration which went down in
the wreckage of N. r. A.
The bill, as worked out by the House
Ways and Means Committee. would
place the agency under the Treasury
Department and permit the sale of
liquor IN bulk to hotels, bona fide clubs
and certain wholesalers.
Secretary Morgenthau has opposed
both provisions, declaring the agency
should be Independent. and that if
sale in kegs and barrels is permitted
an army will be needed to enforce the
law. Representative Connery, Demo-
crat, of Massachusetts,, has served
notice that he will fight to have the
bulk sale provision stricken from the
bill
Already there has been much argu-
ment over this point
Favoring bulk sale, Hugh ]. Nc
Mackin. secretary of the National
Wholesale Wine and Liquor Dealers
Association, has charged there is a
monopoly of liquor production for
sale in bottles. This. he said. leads to
high prices which enable the bootlegger
to thrive.
On the other hand. Michael Curtes
president Of the National Association
of Retail Package Store Dealers, said
the Government would lose millions OF
dollars in revenue if bulk sales were
permitted.
Evening star., 1935-07-23
BY JOHN C. HENRY.

THROUGH a history that has
been as spotted as the proven
bial mackerel, the railroads in
N this country have remained
consistent in one important respect;
namely, that OF being key customer
OF the heavy industries Of the Nation.
Today. worried by threats of Gov
ernment ownership, haraSsed by COM
petition from highways, the air and
the waterways. but encouraged by
prospects OF more stringent regulation
Of these competitors. the railroads give
promise OF inaugurating a new period
of buying that may pull the basic in
dustries out OF the doldrums. Their
needs and their potential capacity to
consume without delay have been cur
rently estimated in the neighborhood
Of $4,000. 100000.
Two factors are bringing this pro-
gram OF increased buying steadily
nearer. One Is that of obsolescence,
which has taken heavy toll Of stand
ard railroad equipment during the
past five years. The other is that Of
competition from other carriers not
oppressed by such heavy overhead
burdens and at the same time blessed
with more imagination than the SON.
nolent railroad administrations have
shown for many years.
That this latter condition finally is
intruding itself into the consciousness
| of railroad officials has become ap-
parent during the past year in the
radical modernizations introduced.
The most important link in the dis
tribution system of the country. the
railroads never have been able TO re-
/ duce their costs of operation to a
point where this distribution could be
carried out cheaply. A principal fac
tor in these costs has been use of
heavy and obsolete equipment, with its
consequent high toll Of fuel, high cost
of roadbed maintenance and general
inefficiency.
OF recent months. however, the rail-
roads have torn a page from the imag-
inative aerodynamic designing OF the
automotive industry. The result has
been a succession of experiments in
stream lining of locomotives and
coaches, m construction of equipment
of light weight steel or new alloys. in
use of electric or Diesel electric loco
motives and other innovations which
we'll may open the door to q new era
in railroad transportation.
Along with the expenditures which
the railroads are making in grad
! ually increasing amount on new type
equipment go those being forced by
replacement and maintenance. A pic
ture of these needs may be drawn
from studies Of the Federal co-ordina-
| tor:
The average age of 81 425 locomo-
tives ON Glass railroads is 20.7 years.
More than 90 per cent Of this rolling
stock is obsolete replacement OF 10000
units of modern design and economy
would involve expenditures of s2.750,-
100000.
Two million freight cars are rolling
the rails. their average age Is years.
Evening star., 1935-07-23
US. WINS Doubtless
AT WIMBLEDON
Allison and Van Ryn Ad-
vance Country by Defeat
ina German Players.
Nv the Associated Press.

by the Associated Press.
WIMBLEDON, England, July 90
Wilmer Allison of Austin, Tex, and
Johnny Van Ryn of Philadelphia de-
feated Baron Gottfried Won Cramm
and towering Kay Lund of Germany in
five sets, 3-6, 6-3. ST, 81, SIS,
today in a Davis Cup interzone tennis
doubles match and gave the United
States a 81 lead over Germany in
the international series.
The victory gives the American in
ternationalists a decided edge for the
final session Of the series tomorrow to
determine England's opponent in the
challenge round 1t means Germany
must capture both singles matches.
On the other hand, Uncle Sans forces
need only one more victory to advance
to the challenge round.
The final singles contests will pit
red headed Donald Bulge Of Oakland,
Calf. against the talented Won
Cramm, while Allison will take on
young Heiner Henkel. In the opening
singles Bulge registered a four-set
victory over Henkel and Won Cramm
disposed OF Allison in straight sets.
Solve Won Cramm's Lash.
There were two vital factors in the
Americans triumph today. First, taey
finally succeeded in solving Won
Cramm's whip-lash. high bounding
service, in the all-important fifth set.
and secondly, they managed to CO.
ordinate their fore-court offensive
effectively.
Won Cramm played the most spec
tacular tennis of the quartet and ap-
peared to have broken the American
teamwork. Lund did his part in
holding his own terrific service every
time. otherwise he was mostly useful
mopping up at the net after his part
ner paved the way with angled shots
Both Americans played spottily. al
though Van Ryn was particularly un-
steady at volleying and lost many
crucial points. His service was broker
in both vital games OF the flrst ane
third sets which the Germans won.
Apparently believing the veteran
American pair had the match in tht
bag. only about 500 spectators wert
in the stadium as Allison and Var
Ryn and their opponents warmed uI
for the match today.
CongratuIates Opponent.
Allison congratulated Won Cramn
again for the Germans victory ovel
the Texan In Yesterdays single,
match which enabled Germany to pull
level with the United States at one
match apiece.
That service of yours is the tough
est I ever tried to handle with the
possible exception OF Ellsworth Vines
and Johnny Dogs Allison told Vor
Cramm.
The Germans opened the doubles
match with a quick win of the first
game behind Van Cramm's terrific
service, which Allison in three
attempts failed to return, but the
Americans squared matters on ALI
sons delivery. demoraliZing the Teu-
tons with a volleying game The
! towering Lund held the third game
after twice being deuced, pounding
! the last two points between the Amer
leans, who were caught fiatfooted or
| opposite sides of the court both times
Won Cramm bore the brunt Of the
! Germans offense, at times covering
| the entire court and permitting Lund
to handle only the simplest kills, Var
Ryn and Won Cramm held their de-
| liveries without difficulty.
Evening star., 1935-07-23
HARVEST REVOLT FOUGHT.
By the Associated Press.

oS inc ASSOC4dlCO
PIERRE. S. Oak. July 23-Nine-
teen thousand heads Of families were
removed from South Dakota relief
rolls last night in a drastic move to
force them to seek employment in the
harvest fields.
Spurred by farmers complaints that
dole recipients had declined to go to
work gathering grain, officials ordered
a suspension of all State and Federal
relief until the shortage of farm labor
is fully supplied.
Joining seven other Midwestern
States that have taken similar, though
less sweeping measures to insure ade-
quate help during the all-important
harvest, Deputy Welfare Commits
sioner Philip L. Ketchum sent a stop
notice to all county relief directors
in South Dakota.
approximately 10000 farmers. who
have been transferred from relief rolls
to the Rural Resettlement Administra-
ton and are receiving subsistence or
rehabilitation loans. will not be af-
fected by today's order.
Illinois. Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa
Minnesota, Ohio and Wisconsin were
taking steps to crush the so-called
revolt" Of relief clients in rural areas
Relief recipients generally advanced
two reasons for not joining in the
harvest-the pay was less than the
40-cent-an-hour scale on Federal
projects; fear they could not return
to relief after the threShing.
The Agriculture Department at
Washington recently announced har-
vest hand wages averaged sl41 a
day for the country with top OF
s2.25. A marked increase" in demand
was noted. 1t was placed as larger
than usual because of improved crop
conditions and prospects.
Evening star., 1935-07-23
Railroads Key to HeaVy Industries
Needs and Potential Capacity to Consume Are Put at
S1OOOOOOOOOO

Note-The skepttc says America
has teto opportunities ahead; the
depression alipdys wtH ertst; people
neUer toiH be more prosperous.
But the real American sees only
the greatest OF opportunities for all
business. Many fields atudit de-
Uelopment. The ingenious Amer
lean has but to apply the same
courageous spirit iChich allCdys has
dominated American industrial and
economic life to realize to the JUL
est on the Nations industrial po-
tentiaIitieS.
Is the skeptic right or is the
patriotic American?
What are these opportunities
that apait TO be realized upon?
People generally may realize the
fundamental soundneSs OF our m
dustrtGl and economic life and the
many opportunities ahead.
The Star presents in a series OF
seven articles, OF i0hich this is the
third, a true picture OF the present
situation.
Evening star., 1935-07-23
RELIEF ROLL PURGE
PUSHED BY F.E.R.A.
Virginians Refuse Work on
Farms, Say Reports.
South Dakota Cut.
Rv the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The Federal Emergency Relief Ad-
ministration today pursued its plan
to strike from the relief rolls all per-
sons who turn thumbs down on jobs.
ANY persons on relief who refuses
a Job" said Lawrence Westbrook. as
sistant relief administrator, will be
cut of Immediately"
The decision was announced after
complaints were heard that at Win
chester, Va. and in counties nearby,
farmers offer jobs and ARE laughed
at by loafers at stores and filling sta
tions, who say they are on relief"
The South Dakota Relief Admin
istration ordered State and Federal
relief stopped until the harvest help
requirements are filled.
Labor Supply Held Ample.
Agriculture Department officials said
that while a slight harvest labor
shortage was possible in some States,
the supply throughout the country is
'ample."
The supply of farm labor July l
was set at 95.7 per cent Of normal
and the demand sos.
I'VE have instructed all State ad-
ministrators to purge relief rolls as
rapidly as possible" Westbrook de-
Clared.
Announcing that he was "debunk-
ing" assertions that numerous Balti-
more relief recipients had rejected
Jobs. Harry L. Hopkins. administrator.
recently made public study asserting
that only four persons had turned
down Jobs without good reasons, Sim
liar complaints also have been nu-
rnerous in the berry-picking area of
New Jersey, but Hopkins investigators
insisted they we're not justified.
First Statewide Move.
Relief officials said State admin
istrators frequently had resorted to
cutting off whole counties from the
dole at harvest time, but that South
Dakota marked the first time this
had been done to an entire State.
Complaints that those being sup
ported by relief money demanded high
wages were especially frequent under
the c. w. A. 1t was begun with the
P. w. A. minimum wage of 40 cents
an hour in the South, ranging up to
so cents in the North, but the min
imum rate later was abandoned be-
cause of Southern protests that it
was impossible to obtain enough
farm labor.
Evening star., 1935-07-23
FARMLAND PRICES
IN MIDWEST JUMP
Sales Being Made at IS
to 80 Per Cent Over
Year Ago.
BY the Associated Press.

OMAHA, Nebr, July ga back
to-the-farm" movement. which has
brought increases in farm land prices
of from IS to 80 per cent over a year
ago. today gave indications that pros
perity is finding its way back to the
Middle West.
Real estate prices, always one OF
the first signs of recovery. are BOOM
ing throughout Iowa. Nebraska, South
Dakota and wyoming. officials of the
Federal Land Bank here reported
today.
The land market is best. they said,
in Northern Iowa. Southeastern South
Dakota and Eastern Nebraska. North
ern Iowa land is up from IS per cent
to 33 per cent over a year ago.
Farmers Are Buyers.
More than so per cent of the land
buyers, the banks real estate agents
reported, are farmers desiring homes.
Cattle prices are up in the area and.
with range land in much better con-
dition than last year. grazing land In
Wyoming, Western South Dakota and
Nebraska is coming into its own again.
Hog prices also are up in the Mid
die West. The Omaha hog market
yesterday reached high of $1035 per
hundred. the highest price paid since
September 20, 1890.
Bigger down payments also feature
the Summer land market in this area.
the Land Bank oficials said.
S155 Per Acre.
But the big thing about the land
boom. they said, Is that land is selling.
This was scarcely true at this time
last year as land in the Middle West
was being scared by burning sun in
one of the country's worst droughts.