davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1935-10-20
pay rolls of the first 10 months of 1884

pay rolls of the first 10 months of 1894
production.
Z. The % per cent increase in aver
age individual earnings occurred dur
ing a period when cost of living In
automobile manufacturing cities rose
only 6 per cent, representing a net
gain of roughly 20 per cent In the en-
ployes' real incomes or purchasing
power.
s. A 25 per cent decline in the fire.
quency and severity Of industrial
accidents.
The production year figures cited do
not show parallel calendar months, but
take for the start of each production
year the month of lowest employment
when a majority Of plants are being
equipped to turn out new models.
Since the 1885 production season got
under way about month earlier than
did the 1884 season, the result would
have been distorted if parallel CAL
endar month basis had been used, and
would have slightly exaggerated the
improvement in the industry from
1884 to 1885.
It should be noted that in making
the above calculations on the average
earnings of the workers, employees
moving from one company to another
have been counted at each place of
employment. Thus one man working
in three plants during the 10 months
Is counted necessarily as three men,
each working one-third Of the time.
AS a result, the averages given here
per employe are lower than they
would have been if it were possible to
follow each mans actual employment
and earnings throughout the year.
The improvements listed above have
all been accomplished by advance
manufacture of sub-assemblies, inter-
departmental transfers of workers
and better planning in the individual
plants in the industry.
The major effort Of the industry
toward stabilization of employment
and increase in the income of the in
dividual worker will begin with the
early introduction of 1886 models in
the next few weeks. If this innova-
ton brings the benefits for which
the industry hopes, the economic
status of the individual factory work
ers in the industry will show even
further improvement in the 1886 pro-
duction year.
Evening star., 1935-10-20
Seed Cones Plentiful.

THE Southern pine areas had a
prosperous season this year, for
eStry experts reporting a bumper crop
Of seed cones.
The importance of the heavy crop
of cones lies not alone in the harvest
ing Of seed for use by the Civilian
Conservation Corps, but also for
natural replanting in the Southern
forest.
Commercial lumbermen who are not
desirous Of replanting the areas they
are cutting over, find the natural
planting a great advantage, for it as
Sures future trees to replace those
now being turned into lumber and
the various byproducts Of the South
ern pines.
Evening star., 1935-10-20

than at home, as we now control and
operate $4,000 miles of scheduled air
services In foreign territory, Is com.
pared with $4,000 miles within our
borders.
America Is the most isolated Of all
nations. We must fly across 5000
miles Of water to reach Asia and one
half as much to Europe. Competing
air transport systems fly over land In
practically all of their operations. An
immense commercial empire Is, at
stake and we must mobilize our full
resources II we are to maintain cur
present leadership in this new field of
trade by air. If European nations
need worldwide air transport sys-
TENS, how much more We dol"
France, Senator McAdoo said, now
operates $4,000 miles OF airlines out
side her borders, while Great Britain
has built up foreign air system
totaling 10000 miles and the Neither
lands one Of $4,000 miles. The Luf-
thanSa Lines operate $4,000 miles Of
airways outside Of Germany and these
operations now are being extended
into South America, as are those of
"Air France"
American airlines have been ex-
tended during the past seven years to
Central America, Mexico, South Amer
ica, the West Indies, Canada and
Alaska. This country now has 1,700
miles Of airlines in Alaska. 800 miles
In Hawaii and 1000 miles in the
Philippines. Nearly 5000 miles of
lines have been established by Pan
American Always, in cooperation
with the Chinese National Govern
ment in China.
South American markets today are
the battle-ground for competing air
transport systems and the European
lines have brought this vast market to
within five or six days Of Europe" 1t
was explained by the National Aero
nautic Association. This makes pos
sible much faster contact between
South America and transatlantic
countries than with the United
States"
Pan-American Always, Senator Nc
Adoo pointed out, has pioneered the
foreign air transport field for the
United States and has established q
vast system which carries on opera
tions in widely varying climates and
over every type of terrain. The COM
pany has a stan of 5000 members in
80 countries and colonies. 1t main.
tains 1876 planes, among them some
Of the largest and most modern in
the world, and owns and operates 113
Evening star., 1935-10-20
NEW CARS TO STRESS SAFETY GAINS AVIATION NEWS

Press Bureau that British aviation
interests are approaching an under
standing with Pan-American Airways
which Is expected to assure an airline
from Hawaii to New Zealand. Pan
American Always, 1t was said, will
operate the line as far as Auckland,
where 1t win tie into British-operated
systems to Australia and thence to
London by way Of India, making avail
able to the air traveller one of the
worlds most unusual trips. At Homo
lulu the line will connect with the
line now being developed by PAN
American Airways from California to
China.
Between Honolulu and Auckland two
stops are planned, the bureau re-
ports-one at Kingman Reef and the
other at Pago Pago, from which the
United States Navy administers the
affairs of American Samoa. King
man Reef, American territory, is 900
miles south Of Honolulu and 6 degrees
north Of the Equator.
The little reef came to the United
States with the annexation of Hawaii
and, strangely enough, is included for
administrative purposes within the
city limits Of Honolulu. Police au-
thority over the reef Is vested in Duke
Kahanamoku, former world champion
swimmer. now sheriff of Honolulu.
Kingman Reef is miles long and
completely awash except for a tiny
tip which emerges above high tide
and is large enough to accommodate
an air station. The islands chief
value is that 1t incloses a lagoon of
calm water, furnishing a better land
ing place for seaplanes than any other
site within hundreds Of miles. This
isolated little spot, the bureau says,
seems destined to become the first
stop. out of Honolulu on the way to
down under in the airplane thor
oughfare Of the future"
Enlistments for the Army Air Corps
now are being accepted at Boiling
Field. Applicants for enlistment must
be graduates Of accredited high schools
and must pass required physical ex-
aminations and must have reached
their 18th birthday, it was explained.
Applications are not limited to resi-
dents of the District of Columbia.
Details concerning any phase Of the
enlistments may be obtained from the
recruiting officer at Boiling Field.
The north-south runway Of the
landing field at the Anacostia Naval
Air Station now Is undergoing repairs
which will require about a month for
completion, according TO warning
to aviators issued by the Navy Hydro
graphic ONCE.
During the period Of repair work
all pilots are cautioned to use great
care to avoid the area under repair
which will be marked by red flags
during the day and red lights at night
Licenses of civil airplane pilots who
become Ill and are unable to fly or
follow their customary vocations for
a period Of 20 or more days will be
automatically suspended on the twen-
tieth day and such pilots will be re-
quired to be re-examlned and pro-
nounced fit by a Department of
Commerce medical fight examiner if
the examiner deems necessary, before
being allowed to resume flying, the
Buerau Of Air Commerce has an
nounced.
A new regulation will make such
suspensions of licenses and re-exam-
ination effective after November l.
Under present regulations the hold
er of a student, amateur or private
Evening star., 1935-10-20
Old Church

Continued From Second Page.)
Evening star., 1935-10-20

pilots license could be in an automo-
bile or other accident not associated
with aviation, or suffer from an ILL
ness which might run as long as %
months, and upon recovering resume
flying on his license, 1t was pointed
out. T. commercial pilot coulc be Ill
five months and an airline pilot for
more than two months without any
change in his status as a licensed
pilot.
Evening star., 1935-10-20
Hunting Control Upheld.

a COURT test Of the right of the
Biological Survey to control the
hunting of migratory birds haS re-
suited in decision upholdinP the
right.
In case at Savannah, Ga, Fet. ,ral
Judge William H. Barrett ruled that
the action of Congress in delegating
the authority to set up penalties for
killing birds contrary to certain re-
strictions was proper. The case at
point involved the shooting of doves
over baited field.
Evening star., 1935-10-20
Hog Prices to Rise.

THE heavy shortage in hogs will be
corrected in part this Fall and
to an even greater extent next Spring,
according to an announcement by the
Bureau of Agricultural Economics,
which anticipates heavier slaughter
this Fall.
Evening star., 1935-10-20
Automotive Briefs

Nine hundred Ford dealers and
statesmen, who came to Washington
from all points in Maryland, Virginia
and West Virginia embraced in the
Washington Branch of Ford Motor
Co.. attended pre-showing of the
1886 Ford cars and trucks at the
Mayflower Hotel last Tuesday. Fol-
lowing a morning meeting, in which
motion pictures played an important
part, there was a luncheon for the
Ford men and invited newspaper rep
resentatives. An afternoon meeting
completed the days activity for the
gathering.
Speakers included T E. Mcdonnell
sales department, Ford Motor Co.
Dearborn; c. r. Mullan, manager
and H. M. Cunningham, assistant
manager, Washington Branch, Ford
Motor Co.
The opening of new branch Office
in Baltimore has just been an
nounced by the Reynolds g. Reynolds
Co. Of Dayton, manufacturers of &C
counting systems and supplies for au-
tomotive dealers. A former Washing
tonian, N. E. Duehring. has been
placed in charge of this Office.
Duehring was for some years on the
staff of the Bureau of Foreign and
Domestic Commerce here, and more
recently was acting State N. R. A.
officer for Missouri.
All models of the 1886 Chevrolet
will be shown for the first time on
November 2. w. A. Rogers, vice.
chairman of the General Motors Deal
ers' Exhibit Committee, said yester-
day. The new cars will be placed
on display simultaneously at the
General Motors exhibit at the May
flower and at all dealers store rooms.
No features of the new models will be
disclosed until that date, Mr.. Rogers
said. The Chevrolet will be the last
of the 1886 General Motors cars to
60 on display, all others being sched-
uled for showing in advance Of the
show dates.
Distributors and dealers of the
Chrysler motor cars met Tuesday at
the Shoreham Hotel. The meeting
was preceded by a luncheon, after
which was the discussion of plans
for the 1886 new car market. Speak
ers and factory men present were:
j. w. Frazier, vice president and
general sales manager Of Chrysler
Sales Corp; Burch Greene, director
of advertising; r. M. Rowland, East
ern divisional sales manager; W. A.
Hillman, director of service, and Capt.
E. D. c. Hearne, engineer sales man
ager of the Chrysler sales staff, and
F. M. Hunt, Philadelphia regional
manager of the Chrysler sales, was
the POSTMASTER. There we're over 400
dealers and distributors present and
the goal for the coming year was set
at 10000 Chryslers and 100000
Plymouths.
Foreseeing 1886, as probably the
second best year in the history of
the automobile industry, the Hudson
Motor Car Co. has set its goal for
the year at 100 per cent increase
over its 1885 business, and will use
its strongest advertising and sales
campaign in several years to achieve
this end.
This was made known recently by
M. M. Roberts, sales promotion man.
ager, who came here from Detroit
to present his company's greatly aug
mented program to Hudson and Ter
raplane dealers and statesmen from
throughout this section of the coun-
try. A preview Of the new cars was
q feature of the meeting.
Evening star., 1935-10-20
New Bicycles Speedy.

Bicycles which travel 80 miles an
hour are to be introduced In England,
and for the first time cyclists win have
to watch the motor speed Limit.
Evening star., 1935-10-20
Many Changes Relate
To Greater Security
Manufacturers Challenge Validity of Crit
icism They Have Done Little for Pro-
lection of the Public.
Bv G. Adams H0ward.

Of models for 1885, the auto
intends
factual to those
~ connection with
mounting traffic toll.
with safety marshals
Evening star., 1935-10-20
Air Corps Reserve Drive
For Expansion Is Backed
Association Cites Need for Bringing Military
Defense System Up to Higher Standard.
New Laws Asked.
By joseph S. Edserfon.

VIEW unsettled world conditions and the general efforts being made
legislation
a
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1935-06-21
Chances in Child Life

81. FL. Moore's public Health in
the United States" states that 1t is
difficult to say whether chance IA
vors the child destined to live In
the crowded city or the child who
spends his life in the fresh air Of
the country. 1t is known that for
1910, the average length Of life in
the country was f1fty-six years,
while in the cities it was slightly
more than forty-nine. However, the
length of life in cities in the regis
tration area appears to be increas-
ing somewhat more rapidly than in
the rural districts. Death rates for
such diseases as tuberculosis, cam
Ger, heart disease, etc., are higher
In the cities. On the other hand,
surveys of school children have
shown that those in rural districts
have more teeth, tonsil and adenoid
defects, malnutrition and breathing
defects; it is also true that the city
schools have the best health service.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1935-06-21
To the
Twin City Graduates
of 1885

Education is development, not
simply rules, instruction and facts,
but a waking up, a development
of latent powers, a growth of the
mind. By gaining an education
you shall have your reward in the
rich stores of knowledge you have
thus collected and which shall ever
be at your command, more valuable
than material treasures. While
fleets may sink, storehouses con-
sumo, and riches fade, the intellec-
tual stores you have thus gathered
will be permanent and enduring,
as unfailing as the constant flow of
Niagara bank whose dividends
are perpetual, whose wealth is I'M
diminished"
Among the thousands who grad
uated from the various high
schools and colleges were many
boys and girls of our group. From
the University Of Minnesota:
Margret Benjamin, Thelma Thurs
ton, Dunbar Gibson.
Hamline College: Beneta Ed
wards, Ann Horris, and Benefit
Carson.
Central High School: Arthur
Williams, Norma Stokes, on the
honor roll; Eva Lee, Charlotte
Crump, on the honor roll; Elmer
Harris, Walter Coins, Doris Coins,
and Bessie Powell.
Mechanics Arts High School:
Hazel Warwicks, Sylvester Young,
Emanuel Roseby, Eleanor Will
liams, LAMAR Goss, and Foster
Brown.
Washington High School: Gussie
Fields, on honor holl, and Robert
Gardner outstanding in athletics) }.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1935-06-21
Danger Turks in Waters
of NorwaY's Maelstrom

The Maelstrom is a famous but
overrated whirlpool off the north
west coast of Norway between Mos
kenas and Mosken, two Of the Lotto
den islands. 1t is more properly a
strong current than whirlpool, as
serts a correspondent in the Cleve-
land Plain Dealer.
This current flows alternately
six hours from north to south and
six hours from south to north, and
especially at the changes produces
angry whirls, which may sometimes
be heard for several miles.
The strait is navigable under or
binary weather conditions, either at
low or high tide. During north
west wind the passage becomes ex-
ceedingly dangerous, and few craft
attempt to cross it then, since the
currents are then strong enough to
inundate a small vessel or toss a
larger one against the rocks.
The depth of the water, once sup
posed to be too great for soundlngs,
is only a little more than 100 feet.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1935-06-21

June 10, 1885.
Mr.. Cecil E. Newman, Editor.
For the past four weeks 1 have fol-
lowed with a great deal of interest the
courageous, fearless articles that have APP
peared in the columns of your paper,
written by you and many of the sub
scrlbers to your paper, condemning the
unfair methods and tactics of the Twin
City brewers by continuing to refuse to
give employment to members of our race.
can see no just and valid reason for
any manufacturer or jobber refusing en-
ployment to a law abiding citizen because
the applicant happens to be a man of
color. In fact, there is no sensible and
sane reason for such discrimination.
The author has operated various bust
nesses in the city of Minneapolis over
period of Is years, and at no time
during this period has he refused to give
employment to an applicant upon the
ground OF color. In fact, / always keep
mixed personnel in and about my place
of business, because I solicit business from
all people. So often / am asked by my
neighbors, how do the colored and white
boys get along together as employees. My
answer is 20. K" In fact, / see many
advantages by working a mixed personnel.
But, we should not lose sight of the fact
that there is only one effective method
through which we can force the discrimi-
mating employer to listen to reason: That
is, to concentrate our buying power and
spend our money with those firms and in
stitutions that give employment to men,
bers of the race. 1t has been done and is
being done in Chicago, Philadelphia, Pitts
burgh, and many other central and eastern
cities very successfully, and cannot see
why the colored people of the Twin Cities
cannot employ this practical method for
breaking down and destroying such dis
criminatory and un-American practices.
Sincerely yours,
MARTIN BROWN.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1935-06-21
Mediterranean Cork-Oak
Provides Stopper Supply

Cork shoppers are cut out of the
corky layer Of the bark Of the cork
trees or cork oak Of the Mediterra-
mean. Spain and Portugal chiefly
supply the world with cork.
The cork tree is not Of great
size, generally 20 to 60 feet high,
the trunk often three feet In diam
eter, much branched, with ovate-
oblong, evergreen leaves. The tree
Is usually twenty to twenty-five
years old before 1t yields a gather
ing Of cork, and attains an age of
one hundred and fifty years. About
every eight to ten years crop Is
taken from the tree.
Besides being used for shoppers,
cork is much used for floats of
nets, life-belts, ets., and because
Of its impermeabillty to water, and
being slow conductor Of heat, In
ner soles Of shoes are made of
1t. The cork tree, occasionally plant
ed In England, has been found to
do well In certain parts of the
United States.-Philadelphia In
quirer.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1935-06-21
Raccoon's Feet Are Like
Human Foot: Likes Fight

The raccoon comes from a winter
sleep when other wild life begins to
stir. And he Is as thin and "hun-
CRY as BEAR" for he is a relative
of the bear. His baby-feet tracks
may be found in the mud along
streams; there is his hunting
ground.
Crayfish, frogs, fish, snakes, small
turtles, and mussels make up his
early season diet. Fruit, corn, wild
birds, and the farmers poultry fol-
low In season. The coon lives along
some stream where he may handily
dip his food in water, as If to wash
It clean before eating It.
COonskin coats are popular, and
80 the raccoon Is much hunted for
his beautiful fur.
He is clever In his ways, and
quite tame. Woe betide the dog
that expects to master him without
a fierce struggled The two black
eyes Of Brother Coon are proof
enough that he enjoys a free-for-all.
The raccOon's feet are humanlike.
He can climb like a monkey, and
he can grasp a roasting ear with
the best of us.-Indfanapolis News.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1935-06-21

local extending their political just
they did in the old days
Any Minneapolis Alderman up
outside going
paper. groups
in employment, the local brewers can
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1935-06-21

what we experience in the city.
One difference that I want to
emphasize is the character of the
water. In the city, as you know,
the water you use in your home or
about your garden and lawn is es-
pecially prepared by chemical and
physical processes. These process
ses are necessary in order to pro-
vide clean, clear, bacteria-free
water that may be used with great
est safety. The necessity of this
is evident. The sewerage which
passes into the river from which
our water supply comes, contains
many germs. There are many dis
eases which can be propagated
through this source. Typhoid few
er, especially, was spread and is
spread in this way. The small in
cidence of this disease in the Twin
Cities, as well as in most north
ern cities, is due to the excellent
filtering systems used in prepare
ton of water for home use.
When you get out in the coun-
try, you see, all this cannot be done
for you. It, therefore, behooves
you to first investigate the source
of the water before you use any.
Under no condition should you use
water from lake or river unless
you boil it for at least fifteen min
utes first. If there is a pump from
a well there, find out if the water
has ever been tested for purity, or
how long the we'll has been in use,
or if there are any sanataria near
by. Note also if the we'll is placed
on a high spot to prevent the sur
face water from draining into it
when there is a heavy rain.
If these few precautions are OBJ
served, you can quickly draw your
own conclusion as to the safety of
the water.
If you are going out into the
country for short time only, you
can carry what water you need
with you, and then be absolutely
sure that you are not imbibing
dangerous germs when you drink.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1935-06-21
The First Sewing Machine

The first sewing machine was
probably made by an Englishman
named Thomas Saint, who received
a patent on July IL, 1870. Thomas
Saints patent was discovered with
In recent years by a searcher
among the patent archives of the
British patent Office, where it had
lain unnoticed for almost a century.
Isaac M. Singer, in 1851, patented
a sewing machine having a fixed
overhanding arm and a vertical
needle, but his most important con-
tribution was the presser foot with
a yielding spring.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1935-06-21
IMPEACHMENT OF GOVERNOR OLSON

the trial governor, Minneapolis
did know BETTER would think this another
for the get publicity AS is the affair likely to elect
Frank Murphy governor year.
What pair of lawyers for against without well
And the and Murphy each fights best with his
back against the wall
Someone will probably that else had
somebody delivering
he did somebody There will be inference
where the money from and to who received it.
Next when the running for the senate and Mr.
the folks who will be Olson
Murphy will placed because the law suit said they could the
the bills The crabs will for
they won't be willing pay the bills
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1935-06-21
Theorie. Concerning cO.mic Ray.

Theories Concerning COsmic Rays
There are current three tentative
theories concerning the origin and
nature of eosmic rays. The most
inspiring and philosophically or
spiritually significant of the three
is that the rays result from the for
nation of heavy atoms in interstel-
lar space, a process which perpet-
ually re-creates the universe, and
will prevent it from running down
like a clock. Thus adequate knowl-
edge of the rays may contribute to
a solution of the riddle Of the uni
verse.