davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-07
Meaning of "BoIsheUik" Party

Question: What are the differences between tbs
Communist Party and the Bolshevik Party Of Rus
sia?-E. w. California
Answer: There are no differences; they are the
names Of the same party. The full name Of the
Party in the Soviet Union is the Al-Union COM
munist Party (BolsheviO.
The name Bolshevik comes from the Russian
word for majority. In 1908 the majority Of the
Russian Social Democratic Party supported Lenin
in his fight to form genuine revolutionary party
and it is from this that the Bolsheviks took their
name In time it came to designate the revolutions
airy wing Of the working class movement in Russia
as opposed to the opportunists and reformlsts
In 1917. on Lenins advice, the Bolsheviks
changed their name from Social Democrat to Com
munst. This was to distinguish them from the
Social Democratic leaders who had supported the
and the imperialst prog ans Of the capitalists
In choosing new name for their Party, the title
of Communist was chosen, because that was what
Marx and Enges had called themselvse when they
issued the famous Manifesto Of the Communist
Party" the Communist Manifesto.
The new name sgnifed the organic connection
between the Bolsheviks and the revolutionary views
of Marx and Engels The party was thus called
the Russian Communist Party CBolshevik. To
become real Bolshevik party is the aim Of every
party in the Communist International 1t means
being a revolutionary party that is the vanguard
of the revolutionary working class and which will
lead the workers to victorious struggle against their
enemies-the capitalists
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-07

Demand for the Daily Worker
has increased since publication of
the series on "Wall Streets fascist
Conspiracy" Ask your newsdealer
to take bundle. Send his adj
dress TO the Daily Worker, so E.
18th Street.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-07

the emancipation Of all oppressed
nations" Besides this is placed
Stains statement, guiding the pres
ent destiny of the hundred odd ma
tionalities in the Soviet Union: 1--WE
must overcome these three basic
factors hampering the Union
Great-Russian chauvinism, actual
inequality, and local nationalism,
especially when it becomes chau-
yinism."
Another panel entitled, "Ref1ec-
tions of the Glass Struggle in the
Party" deals with Trotskyism-
especially interesting in view of the
recent assassination of Kirov by a
group which had degenerated from
the former Trotsky- zinoviev oppo-
sition.
MOST valuable of all, from one
Nk point of view, are the quota
tons from Marxist works which are
interspersed among the illustrations
of the panels. One could almost
say that a full revolutionary educa-
ton is compressed in them. In the
panel dealing with THE Glass
Struggle in the Transition Period"
we find, quoted from Marks letter
to Wedemeyer, March 5, 1882: THE
class struggle necessarily leads to
the dictatorship of the proletariat.
The dictatorship itself is only a
transition to the abolition of classes
and to a classics society"
knowledge of our revolutionary
heritage is a weapon. No party
member or sympathizer or student
should allow himself to miss this
remarkable exhibit.
The visitor to the Workers Book
shop should not fail, also, to notice,
on the table by the door through
which he enters, concrete evidence
of a great event in the history of
our movement in America: the
huge one-volume edition of the
Correspondence Of Frederick En-
gels and Karl Marx" published
now for the first time in English.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-07

TIE ledQlng contribution to this
issue of the Partisan ReYiew is,
however. Samuel Putnam's trans
lation of Andre Malraux's essay on
Literature in Two Worlds''-the
Soviet and the bourgeois European.
I cannot urge you too strongly to
read this superb essay at once. You
will learn from it how true artist
can look at the problems of hui
manity in relation to the problems
of art. And at the same time you
will learn why it is that Soviet lit
erature is Towering while the lit
erature of the bourgeoisie decays.
1t should be noted that in this
issue there are certain tendencies
apparent that are decidedly unfor-
tunate. Most striking is the dis
position to intellectualism on the
part Of some writer's. I am moved
to this remark especially by Wal
lace Phelps essay on Form and
Content" Phelps is an able and
serious critic who is courageouslv
tackling the major questions of
aesthetics and attempting to filter
out of them the fundamental Marx
ist definitions. But he has intel
lectualized the subject to the point
where it is incomprehensible. He
is too subtle; he has refined his
distinctions too much. 1t is all I'M
necessary, toe, for he is dealing
with things that can and should be
made clear.
The story by Ben Field. called
THE New Housekeeper," also suf~
fers from intellectualism. An i'm
mensely talented short story writer.
he is nevertheless refining and con-
densing his material excessively. He
is so anxious not to say too much,
that he says too little. The art of
suggestion can be overworked.
1 want to close by saying that
these few instances of deficiency
do not detract from the issue as a
whole. Perhaps they are even bene-
fetal, for they should lead to dis
cussion. Argument, debate, self
criticism-these bring clearer
understanding of error and fault
and point the way to growth and
Improvement.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-07

CLOSELY related to this matter
v is the public interest and con-
Germ with another private" musical
party-the Curtis Institute, a con-
servatory Of music, also an affair
Of honor with the Box family
These Augean stables of corruption
in our musical life must be cleaned
out and the sooner the better. The
Pierre De Geyter Club must take
part in this necessary but unpleas-
ant task. Stokowski's plan for the
development of the orchestra is
certainly far ahead of anything
proposed for any other large or
ganization of it's kind. The Tnsti-
tute cannot and should not be re-
gsrded as unconcerned in it. 1t
emphasizes the role Of music as
social function rather than as a
mere toy of financial buccaneers
and talented exhibitionists. But it
is only plan. 1t can serve as
easily as any Section IA to merely
cloak and even facilitate the dep
relations of the buccaneers and
exhibitionists. Upon this point we
may iustifiablv look to such an or
ganization as the Pierre De Geyter
Music Club to keep a watchful eve
with a view to strengthening the
forcoc ooainct roo otiop
The club must prepare for it's
task by building IN a strong or
ganiZation-one that viii not toler-
ate factionalism, opportunism and
introspection. 1t will do this better
by actual musical work than by an
excess of talking about work. 1t
must strive for a continued high
level of performance not only of
standard repertoire but especially
of contemporary music. It must
give workers organizations what
they want, but also something of
what they need (but do not know
they need) in order to cope with
the stupendous cultural problems
now facing the working class of
America. This means leadership.
The up-turn is here for the musi-
clan. Not If he sits in his tower,
whether it be of imitation ivory or
Just plain bone; but rather if he
becomes active in rank and file or
ganization of musicians, backs gov
ernmental subsidization of music,
unemployment insurance for all
workers, realizing that he is one
of them. and his problems, their
problems.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-07
Partisan Review
Foremost Literary
Journal in Field
REVIEW, No. 6: Janu-
February 1885. Published by
the John Reed Club Of New York.
430 Sixth Avenue. New York. IS
cents copy; SIPS a year.
Reviewed by
BERNARD SMITH
BERNARD SMITH
by del

I ESS than a year passed since the
Partisan Review was founded.
yet today it is the foremost journal
Of creative literature in the Ameri-
can revolutionary movement. I
doubt that many of us realize how
thoroughly mature it is. AS the
New Masses necessarily tends more
and more to concentrate on imme-
date practical issues, the Partisan
Review becomes increasingly valu-
able as a source Of proletarian lit
erature and Marxist criticism. AL
ready it has discovered and de-
veloped several new and original
talents. as well as provided a forum
for olde= writer's.
The current issue is evidence
enough. In poetry: the two short
contributions by Kenneth Fearing
and the longer ones by Alfred
Hayes and Muriel Rukeyser are
works of a very high order. Fear
ing's Lullaby" is particularly in
teresting because it is a perfect an
swer to the charge that although
left-wing poets can create moods
and images of struggle and conflict
and of physical movement, they are
incapable Of creating beauty" Yet
Fearing has succeeded in creating
beauty" out of exactly the kind of
material by which revolutionary
artists are attracted.
In the field of the short story:
James T. Farrells Benefits Of
American Life" Nelson Algren's "A
Place to Lie Down" and Arkady
Leokum's THE Scab" would honor
any magazine in the country. Far
rell's dizziness in character portrayal
and the incisiveness of his irony were
never better displayed than in this
sketch Of the Americanization of
a Greek boy. lie became a Yankee
and success" and retired to a
Sanatorium for consumptives.) AL
green's picture of Negro and q
white bum in the South is so vivid
that it is almost painful to read it
Leokum's piece is not quite SC
mature but I mention 1t because
it is the work of a young new
conner who has keen understand
ing Of proletarian class-conscious-
ness. He should be watched and en-
couraged.
In criticism: Edwin B. Burgum's
review Of Josephine Herbst's new
novel, Philip Rahv's review of Will
liam Saroyans book, and William
Pillin's review of Norman Macleod's
poetry are fine EXAMPLES of the
MARKHAM analysis and appreciation
Of literature. Burgum. as always
is penetrating and writes admiral
~ Rahv is to be commended for his
careful study Of what is substance
and what is air in the flying young
Saroyan, and for his warning tc
Saroyan Of the dangers that lie
ahead Of the declared "escapist'
intellectual.
Also of interest in this issue l.
Nathan Adler's report of his ex.
perience with the detectives OF
Scotland Yard when he arrived il
London during the week of tht
royal wedding. He was refused en-.
try and had to return to New York
The bare facts. dsmning as they
are. don't convex half so we'll a!
Adler's report does just how clos,
England is to faScism.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-07
De Geyter Club
Of Philadelphia
Forging Ahead
By CARL SANDS

THE Pierre De Geyter Music Club
of Philadelphia was organized
in October 1884 by group of must
clans and music lovers. Today. with
a growing membership Of over So
it is already an important cultural
force in the home town of Leopold
Stokowski and Curtis Box. It's pur-
poses are three-fold: ITO help bet
ter the condition of the profess
sional musician and teacher; to
play, speak on and discuss the vari-
Gus forms of music, both new and
old; and to help in the cultural
development Of the various work.
ers' organizations throughout the
city by sending groups Of speakers
and musicians to them" Meetings
and concerts are held weekly in the
club rooms, 116 South 10Th Street,
on Friday evenings, and reviews Of
the musical programs appear reg
ularly in the capitalist press.
The first of a series of monthly
concerts on larger scale was given
in the auditorium of the Ethical
culture Society on Rittenhouse
Square, on Friday evening, Febru-
airy LIST. The Stringent Quartet,
which comprises Marion Head,
Arthur Cohn, Gabriel Braverman
and Victor Gottlieb, played pro-
gram of modern works, and a
speaker from New York brought
the greetings Of the Pierre De Gey-
ter Club of that city which is now
entering its fourth year of activity.
The whole affair, from the eight
page program notes, throughout
the excellent performance, to the
enthusiastic audience, reflects the
greatest credit upon the devotion
and energy of the membership.
Philadelphia has figured in the
news lately in connection with the
resignation" of Leopold Stokowski
from the conductorship Of the
Philadelphia Orchestra. A brilliant
but cratic prima donna. spoiled
child and tvrant, this man leads
rehearsals seated upon a child's
hobby horse. eve are reliably in
formed that this is not merely a
newspaper story) 1t is known that
he received in one year $4,000
salary 1t is also known that some
members of the orchestra who ask
ed for a S. a week raise were de-
MED it. Of the ouarrels with the
Box family (Which owns the Sat-
urdsy Evening POST, and other
local millionsires we cannot pre-
tend detailed understanding That
some of the directors want to run
the orchestra as their own private
band Is well-known. An opposition
has forced fiftv-fifty compromise
with the truant Stokowski. who has
lust fastened back from California
(Feb. a to patch things up for
next season.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1935-02-07

Telegram informing of the death of Marx.
The Omaha guide., 1935-07-20

rious and an Increasingly grave prob
lem for those of us who are at work
and paying taxes. 1t is presumably
unreasonable to expect Matte, or any
n of the millions like her, to work
As long as she can live without It.
There are plenty Of folks who will
take just as long as any one will
give and without lifting their hands
or bothering their minds about find
ing work to support themselves. 1t
j. a mistake to think otherwise. and
yet there are undoubtedly others who
have been unable to find work. 1t
is admittedly difficult to draw the
line, and still it must be drawn II
this country is to avoid the
ent pauperization, and the lnneces-
sary pauperization, Of large blocs Of
population.
"df Mr.. Roosevelt and his aides
want to perform a genuine service to
this country, they can do it by estab-
fishing a sharp distinction between
the ability to find work and the chance
to choose it. A bod disease frequent
ly requires bitter medicine"
But The Commercial-Appea II still
stone deaf to the plea Of Mattie's
brother, the sharecropper, strangled
and starved under a harharons lard
tenant system in the south without
shelter and without food. Though
there De millions in the same tragic
position Of Mattie's brother, The Com
mercial-Appeal, eyes closed without
any shame, remains silent on the
plight of the exploited sha~re-croppers.
The Omaha guide., 1935-07-20
Nationally Known
Organizations Unite

Cincinnati, Ohio, July II, (CNA)-
Three nationally known organiza-
tons, the International Labor De-
Tense, National Association for Ad-
vancement of Colored People and the
American Civil Liberties Union.
Joined hands to save the life of John
Montjoy, worker sentenced to death
for alleged rape in Covington, Ken
lucky.
The case will be carried to the
Court of Appeals, the highest judicial
body in the state.
"Our Cincinnati branch" said the
American Civil Liberties Union. has
investigated the case and reports that
M%ontjoy's trial was viciously unfair.
The evidence against him was a con-
fession obtained, it is said, after six
days and nights of beating, and the
testimony of the white woman who
made the charge and with whom
Montjoy is said to have had relations
for some time. No Negroes served
on the jury. No physical examina-
zion was made of the The
judges charge to the jury was pre-
JUDGED.
"The case has all the earmarks of
a frameup. We join with the dnter-
national Labor Defense and the Ma
tional Association for Advancement
Of Colored People in supporting the
defense"
The Omaha guide., 1935-07-20
What About Matte?
What About
Mattie's Brother?

Memphis, Tenn, July II, CAMP
In respect to the large number of
persons, white and black, throughout
the country, who are taking advan-
tage of the relief offered by the
states and the federal government to
escape legitimate opportunities to
work. The Commercial Appeal Of
this city posed a question last week.
The editor Of the newspaper chose
for his illustration Of the point the
story Of a colored girl, done to suit
his taste, and set up the implication
that the relief agencies are spelling
good servants.
The Commercial-Appeal has been
notorious for the v~iciousness it has
shown in respect to the s~harcropper
problem in the outh. It's policies have
been obviously dictated by the plan
ter class and it has passed up no OPP
p~ortunity to impede and destroy the
organization of the sh~arecroppers.
Though it has no heart for these
American slaves, white and black,
The Commercial Appeal shows much
concern about the problem Of what it
calls families Of Substantial Tennes-
see citizenship" presumably white.
1t. therefore, makes the following edi-
torial query, entitled "What About
Matte? "
Back in 1928 a family fairly rep
resentative Of Substantial Tennessee
citizenship employed a 17-year-old
colored girl as a domestic servant. She
was unframed but willing and agree
able and in due course Of time became
what is colloquially known as good
help. She made up in loyalty and
honesty wha ever she may have lack
ed technically. She was paid in money
the prevailing wage for that sort of
service and in addition was rewarded
in ways typical of such situations.
Things went along on the forego-
ing basis until the early part Of 1885,
at which time Matte became obvious
ly indi- erent about whether she gave
any degree of satisfaction whatever.
Eventually she was dismissed and
went her way nochalantly. In a few
days, however, the family began to
wonder about Matte and the man Of
the house went down to see her. She
was found on the front porch, rock
ing and tanning. Inqliries revealed
the fact that she was on relief and
not to be put up to the vulgar neces-
sity Of work as long as Mr.. Roose-
welt was president. She also bestow-
ed the information that she was not
only eating but also eating better
than she had been during the years
preceding, during which period, of
course, she had had the same meals
her employers.
"What about Matte, anyway?
Her case presents in little a very Sc
The Omaha guide., 1935-07-20
Terrorize Witnesses
OF Framed Worker

Brooklyn, N. Y, July II, (CNA)-
Warren Street Negro section) is be-
ing terrorized by the police. Wit
nesses, who formerly were willing
to testify as to the police murder OF
Aubrey Knight, are now afraid to
speak.
On April 16 a delegation of Negro
and white visited the office of Mayor
Fiorello La Guardia to demand the
arrest and prosecution of the guilty
policemen. An open hearing date
was set but no efforts were made by
the city administration to hold it.
The police, in order to prevent the
possibility Of an open hearing have
been intimidating witnesses. The
Brooklyn Council of the League of
Struggle for Negro Rights $ taking
steps to halt the police terrorization
and re-secure the witnesses.
The Omaha guide., 1935-07-20
WEEKLY SHORT
SERMON
Theophilus-ssA Friend of God"

(For the Literary Service Bureau

Theophilus-'sA Friend of Cod
(For the Literary Service Bureau)
Text: 1t semed god to me al
SOTO write to thee in order, most
excellent Theephilus-Luke LIB.
Little is known Of this man
Theophilus. However he must
have been an important and hon
ored parsonage, as Luke adj
dressed to him the Book Of the
Acts of the Apostles and the Cos
pei of st. Luke. But the name
itself is g nificant, meaning
"The friend Of God" In this
Theophilus is a pattern for all
men; for every man should be a
friend Of God.
DEPENDENCE AND NECES-
.SITY- Man is a dependent Great
ure. He cannot supply his own
needs. He must Of necessity have
help N'from above Sc, this very
tate Of dependence would make
it indispensable that re be a
friend of God and in return have
Divine friendship.
RECIPROCAL AND DEVOLV-
ING OBLIGATIONS. Christ
Iians sing: "Praise God from
whom all blessings flow" and
right they are, for all blessings
do flow from God. Then, since
God demonstrates His friend
ship toward us, in sending these
blessing, His friendship should
beget r~eciproaclcal friendship and
bind us to Him, as His friend.
FUTURE BENEFITS CON
SIDERED. All Of the present
and future blessings are available
to and for and bestowed upon the
friends Of God. These include
blessings in both time and etern-
ity. So, in order to have these
blessings upon which present and
future happiness will ever de-
pend, it is necessary that each in
dividual hall be "a friend Of
God Then, let each be a The
ophilus, in this way, whatever
may be u names.
The Omaha guide., 1935-07-20

(For the Literary Service Bureau)
To Shakespeare is credited the
assertion that Life IS a stage and
men are the actors.' This was
so understood by the dying king
whose closing words were, eff |
have acted my part well, let me
leave the stage with your APP
plause.' This must have been
the thought in the mind Of Alex
ander Pope whe nhe wrote
Honor and shame from no
condition rise;
Act well thy part. There all the
honor les
Let it be remembered that the
success of any play will depend
on harmony cooperation, coordin-
alton and faithfulness of actors
So, human progress depends on
such among the actors in life's
tremendous drama. Let it not be
forgotten too, that each actor is
first responsible for his own part;
that failure of one actor and one
part will mar the entire play, and
that, at the time Of the Great
Assizes,'' each one will be judged
by his faithfulness in acting his
own part.
The Omaha guide., 1935-07-20
ST. PHILLIPS NEW COAT
OF I

The Episcopal Church of st.
Philip, the Deacon, has a com
plete coat Of new paint. Mate
rial for the same was furnished
by Eugene NJ. Bell, the oldest
member OF the church, and the
work done by Messers Eugene
Bell and Ellsworth Pryor, was
all donated to the church by
thee Two men. The exterior will
be painted by these two men this
week thus, completing the paint
ing inside and out.
The Omaha guide., 1935-07-20
GES]S!5;:;z; +: )

The Willing Workers club of
the Metropolitan Spiritual Church
of Christ, met at the home of the
president, Mrs. Gertrude May
berry, ON Wednesday evening,
July 10, with the president pre-
siding.
There were 10 members pres
ent. Rev. R.. w. johnson made a
brief talk on what a wonderful
progress the club had made. The
club is only 7 months old and will
make its partial report on the
money hat has been raised in the
club and through the club in
their next meeting.
Many beautiful thoughts were
brought before the club by the
president, after The business meet
ing was over. Mrs. Matte Thorn
as and Mrs. Mary Parks were the
~hostesses.
A delicious repast was served
by the hostesses.
A our next meeting, Mrs G.
Navberrv and Mrs. w. Warner
will be hostesses. You are wei
come TO lunch with the Willing
Workers. Price per lunch, for
visitors, Is cents.
Mrs. Gertrude Mayberry, Pres.
Mrs. Will Warner, Reporter.