davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1935-05-02
WEST ROCK

Algot Mattson spent the weekend at
the Isaac Mattson home.
sunday visitors at c. T.. CarlSon'S
were Mr.. and Mrs. Emil Olson and fam
lily of Beroun. Misses Winifred Danger
and Esther Mattson.
Mrs. John Carlson and Gladys spent
Tuesday afternoon at the +. q. BlOSt
home.
A birthday party was held for Mrs
Erick Holmberg Sunday afternoon
Lorraine MartinSon spent Sunday
afternoon at Frank JohnSon'S.
The following attended a silver we'd
ding celebration in Minneapolis Sunday:
Mr.. and Mrs. AXel Johnson and family
Mr.. and Mrs. Harold Ltndstrom. George
Lindstrom. Mrs. Chas. Lindstrom Alice
and Carl Lindstrom. Mrs. Fritz Swan
son. Willard and Philip Mr.. and Mrs
Hamlet johnson and family. Mr.. and
Mrs. Emil Anderson. Albert Johnson
p. Q. Johnson. and A. J. Anderson.
Mr. and Mrs. Ludwig Johnson We're
sunday visitors at Eric Holmberg's.
The Misses Gladys and Lillian Carl
son were visitors Wednesday afternoon
of last week at Theodore Thompson's.
Llndstrom, Emil Anderson. Marlin. Lon
ME. and Dennis Johnson attended the
ball game in St. Paul SUNDAY
ming at G +. Carlsons.
MISS Esther Johnson visited with
Mrs. Gottfried Anderson last Thursday
Mr.. and Mrs. Stricken and son. Gust
Grell. and Louise. Elsie, and Betty Grel
of Clint; Mrs c: f. Carlson. Viola
Norma. Harvey. Mylo, and Leona, and
Esther Mattson helped Junior Rohl
celebrate his birthday last Thursday
afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Rolf Anderson wer,
Twin Cities visitors last Thursday
Winnifred Danger visited at c. E
CarlSon'S last Thursday evening
Mrs. Ernest Rohlf called at {. +.
CarlsonS last Thursday afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Hamlet Johnson anC
family We're Saturday evening visitors
at Z. -. BloStS.
Rev. James Tofte and family of Chip
pewa Falls, Wis visited at Rev. Swan
sons over the weekend.
Norma Carlson. Mr.. and Mrs. Isaac
Mattson and family. Mr.. and Mrs. Ear
Lisk and family. We're Monday visitor.
at the George Mattson home in Pine
City.
Mr.. and Mrs. Kenneth Carlson spen
Saturday night at c. E CarlSon's. They
spent Sunday in FinlaySon-
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1935-05-02
ECZEMA

Lloyd Cannon from the city. returned
home Sunday, after visiting week at
the Joe Beaufeaux home.
Mr.. and Mrs. T. j. Ryan and son.
Thomas. We're dinner guests Sunday at
the Joe Beaufeaux home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Laurence Irons spent
Sunday at the Huntley home.
the mumps and went back to her school
Monday. She was sick all last week.
The Misses Bertha JordOn, Ruth Hill.
Ethel Thayer. Thos. Ryan. and Kenneth
and Merle Beaufeaux went to Yellow
Banks Sunday for marShmallOw roast.
city Sunday afternoon. Emmett and a
friend spent the weekend at the Line
han home here.
(FrOm Another Correspondent
Mr.. and Mrs. Ed Soens were visitors
at the Fred Hansen home "Wednesday
evening of last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Kenneth Curry. Irene
Andersen. and Louis Gerber spent Sun
day afternoon at the Martin Andersen
home.
Lloyd Cannon of ST. Paul. is spendin g
a few days at the j. d. Beaufeaux
home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Chas. Mutt and Mr.. and
Mrs. Kenneth Enger and daughter
Norma Jean, of Weblake. were visitors
at the Peter Stulen home Wednesday OF
last week.
II. G. Mccormack will work the fields
on the Utley farm this season.
Dick Soens is doing some blowing
for F. r. Duxbury this week.
Verle Nelson OF near GrantSburg
spent the weekend at the Frank Rams
dell home. Charley Nordstrom and
Dora, and John Nelson visited Sunday
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1935-05-02
at the Ramsdell home. Verle returned

at the Ramsdell home. Verle returned
home with them
ton will be held at the Glover hall
Monday May 6. small admission fee
will be charged to help defray the eX-
penses for play day.
Emmett Linehan spent the weekend
at his home here. Ed Linehan accom-
panied him back to Minneapolis to re-
turn to his work there after having
spent week at his parental home.
Elder BOStrOm and Harold and Flor
ence Bostrom motored to Minneapolis
Friday of last week to get Mrs. Bo-
friends and relatives there. They re-
turned Saturday. stopping at Shafer for
a visit with friends.
Mr.. and Mrs. G. Dalberg of Danbury.
were Sunday visitors at the Swan home:
Mr.. and Mrs. Delmar Benson and
baby. and Bonny Hamm were Sunday
callers at the T.. BostrOm home.
We have been informed that Mrs.
Lena Bergen has moved to st. Paul.
Mrs Edward J. Linehan; "a years OF
who PASSED away APri IL at fo
lowing the birth of an infant daughter:
was laid to rest in Sunset Memorial
park in that city following services
Jane Marie Germundson was born Feb.
20, 1911. at McGregor. n. D.. and spent
her early childhood in McGregor.. From
Anoka Mimi. where she attended
eighth grade school and graduated from
high school. She then moved to Min
neapolis on June II. 1882. where she
was united in the holy bonds of matri-
| mony to Edward J. Linehan of Ogema
| township. she. with her husband moved
to Ogema and lived there until the past
| two months when they moved to Min
neapOlis. She leaves to mourn her loss
her husband. Edward J. Linehan. one
son. John f. Linehan. Of Ogema. her
mother Mrs. Nettie GermundSOn OF
| Champlin. one sister. Florence, and Ave
| brothers. Edgar and Lawrence of Min
neapoliS. and Willie. Chester. and Rich.
ard of Champlin.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lester Thieling, Mrs
| Fred Thieling. and Cecil Thieling Wis
| tied at the Ralph Pike home Sunday
afternoon.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1935-05-02
EAST OF BRUNO

Mrs. Esmond mother of Walter Es-
mond- and Mr.. and Mrs. Chester Es-
mond and baby of Minneapolis. and
Howard Amigh Of Red Wing, visited at
the Walter ESmOnd home Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. c. o. Bllman enter
tanned a few of their friends at cards
Saturday evening.
Betty Mach spent Saturday afternoon
with her friend, Ada Miller.
f. ]. Miller and son, Norman. were
callers at the Berglund home Monday
afternoon.
with a very lame back and hip for a
couple of weeks.
Mr.. and Mrs. Art Budd spent Sunday
afternoon at the w. ]. KvaSnicka home.
Carl Babe spent Friday evening at
the c. Q. BiIlman home.
Ada Miller spent Wednesday night of
lact week with her friend Betty Mock.
DR.. Brownstone of Sandstone was a
caller at the Leroy Miller home Tues
day morning.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1935-05-02
BRUNO

Mr.. and Mrs. Oscar Eklund enter
tanned Mr.. and Mrs. f. o. Pearson and
Mrs. A. T. Hill Friday evening.
Mrs. A. r. Hill and son. Dickie. of
Sturgis. S. D.. left for their home Tues
day. She has spent two weeks with
her sister. Mrs. f. O. Pearson, and her
fined to his home with rheumatism.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lloyd Shawl went to
Mile Lacs Sunday.
Charles Ames was Twin City visi-
tor Tuesday and Wednesday of last
week.
Edwin Armstrong went to Duluth
Tuesday to look for work.
Lloyd and Howard Shawl attended q
school mems meeting at Sandstone Tues
day.
Mrs. Lloyd Shawl entertained the Mis-
siOnary society Tuesday.
Rev. and Mrs. Harrington. Carl Met
calf. Mr.. and Mrs. Orie Plaisted. Mr..
and Mrs. Starch and Marian and Bert
Forsyth and family attended a Sunday
school convention at Hinckley last Sat
urday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Englund and Warren
We're week lend visitors in st. Paul.
Miss Murphy and Miss Gas at six
o'clock dinner Tuesday.
| Abe Markus and Art Markus We're
callers in the Twin Cities last Thursday
Mrs. Daniel Nelson. mother of Mrs.
: Otto Olson. celebrated her goth birthday
Sunday. Friends and relatives were
with her that day. Relatives from
were impossible. Greetings and pres
ents were received from California
Iowa. New York and Minnesota. Grand
ma Nelson is enjoying good health.
| The Bruno high school kittenball
team played Brook Park on the Sand
stone ball ground last Thursday. Bruno
was victorious, the score being 3 to 3
This was the first game of the season
| Leroy Miller went to Sandstone be-
tween trains Saturday to see the doc
| tor. He had the misfortune to suffer
the loss of two fingers while saving
wood.
Truman Anderson of Duuuette was
in Bruno between trains Tuesday
| Francis SOper of NickerSon, is here
helping to re-roof Miss Zern's house.
| Mrs. Pete Peterson returned to Ro.
chester last Thursday taking the baby
to the hospital for treatments
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1935-05-02
GRONINGEN

Sunday school will start Sunday. May
s. beginning at 10 a. m. Luther League
will have their meeting on the same
day in the evening beginning at 8
O'Clock. A program will be given by
the young folks. You are all welcome.
The Ladies' Aid will meet at the home
of Mrs. Len NyStrOm on the second
Thursday of the month. May g.. You
are all invited.
r. Johnson of st. Paul. is spendin g
a short vacation at the Gust Bjorklund
home.
Albert Haglin was a business caller
III Duluth Saturday.
Anton Nicholson and son are improv-
ing their farm west of here. fixing the
buildings.
Mr.. and Mrs. l.. NyStrom and two
children We're business callers ut the
Twin Cities last Thursday.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1935-05-02

The Blomskog Ladies' Aid wish to
express their thanks to all who made
their birthday festival a success last
Friday evening. The prizes went to
The Blomskog Luther League will
meet at the church next Friday eve
ming. May 3. A program will be rem
dered and refreshments served. All are
cordially invited.
The Blomskog Luther League will
meet at the church Friday evening.
May 3. A program will be given and
lunch served. hearty welcome is eX-
tended to all.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1935-05-02
EAST OF KINGSDALE

Mr.. and Mrs. Lawrence Johnson are
the proud parents of twin boys born
April Is.
Florence Granberg visited at the Ar
thur Videen home Sunday afternoon.
Hazel Anderson spent the weekend
at her parental home last week.
Mrs. Henry Java and children visited
at the A. f. Granberg home Sunday.
A large crowd attended the dance
given by the Lillehaugen brothers and
a good time was had by all.
Mrs. Helmer Anderson has been on
the sick list the past week.
group of people from this vicin-
ity attended the Easter program Easter
Sunday at the Kingsdale church.
Henry Profit and family have moved
onto the former Lillehaugen farm.
Leroy Erickson. Leroy Abrahamson.
and Harry Anderson are being en-
plOyed on the PWA project east OF
Dairyland. Wis.
Mary Ellen Stuart has been VISITING
her aunt. Mrs. George Stuart. for the
past week.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1935-05-02
DUXBURY

Mrs. Archie Schmidt and Beverly re-
turned Wednesday of last week from a
few days visit in Superior.
Arnold and Adrian Shute visited Wal
lace Hammergren in Cambridge over the
weekend.
Mr. and Mrs. r. Swanson and Ra-
mona were visitors at the Norman Mat
son home Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. McCullen and children
were Sunday visitors at the c. Veg
werth home.
Mrs. Harold Holzeid of White Bear.
is visiting at the home of her parents.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Ogg.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1935-05-02

NORDLAND LUTH. CHURCH NOTES
Denham)
The regular meeting of the Luther
League has been pos tpOned to Tuesday
evening, May Z. The meeting will be
held at the home of Mr.. and Mrs. John
Hagen.
Services in Norwegian May Il. II a.
m. Ladies' Aid meeting at the LiIiedahI
home May IL. Congregational business
meeting May 13. p. m. Ice cream So
cial May II.
JOHN o. JOHANsON. Pastor.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1935-05-02

The editor who printed. THE La
dies Aid will hold another fool sale "
instead of food" sale, is doing as we'll
as could be expected.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1935-05-02
OAK LAKE LUTH. CHURCH NOTE

OAK LAKE LUTH. CHURCH NOTES
The Bible class meets Sunday at 80
a. m.
The Sunday school will begin Sunday.
1890 a. m. All parents who are IN
tereSted in having their children re-
ceive Christian instruction should make
it point to let them come.
The Luther League meets Friday eve
ming, May II, p. m.
Choir practice Friday evening at s
D. m.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1935-05-02

Grace Lutheran Church, McGrath
Rev. Barlau, pastor.
Sunday school. 10 a. M: English
service, II a. m.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1935-05-02
METHODIST CHURCH NOTE,

METHODIST CHURCH NOTES
Chas. j. Swanson. Pastor.
Denham M. E. Church.
Sunday. May 5, 200. Sunday school;
800, service.
Windemere NJ. E. Church.
Sunday May 5-10:O0. Sunday school;
11:0O. morning service.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1935-05-02

st. PauPs Ev. LUTH. Church, Bruno.
missouri Synod)
Sunday, May 5-EngliSh services at
2:30.
E. c. HALLSTEIN. Pastor.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1935-05-02
LUTHERAN CHURCH NOTES
BlOmskOg Lutheran.

Sunday. May Sunday school 1880 d
m; divine service 2:30. both languages
will he used. Come to church Sunday
Prayer service Tuesday at p. m.
Bethlehem Lutheran.
Sunday school at 10 a. m. Morning
service in Swedish at II O'Clock; ngliSf
service at p. m.
Prayer service Tuesday at p. m.
A hearty welcome to one and all!
j. A. BURMAN, Pastor
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-06-24
TRUCK Rider is
BADLY INJURED
IN ODD MISHAP
Standing in Vehicle, Head
Strikes Bridge; Skull
Is Fractured.

One person was injured critically
and two others received serious in
juries in traffic accidents over the
weekend in Marion County.
Standing up in the rear Of a truck
as it passed under the Pennsylvania
Railroad elevation at Tibbs-av, Cliff
ton LIGHT, 81, of SO CosseI-dr, struck
his head against part of the eleva-
ton Saturday night, and received 2
fractured skull.
When the auto in which she was
riding to church yesterday morning
skidded and overturned at 1900 E.
21st-st, Mrs. Margaret Sheppard, 86,
of 5501 Z. 21St-st, received serious
injuries to her back.
Her daughter, Mrs. Clara Brown,
SO, of 5591 E. 21st-st, and Mrs. c.
L. Miller, AZ, r. R. II. Box 219E,
were injured less seriously.
Three others riding in the car
escaped injury.
Richard Ross, Is. Of 3706 w.
Michigan-st. was injured seriously
Saturday when he walked into the
path of an auto driven by Fred En-
mons, %, of 5469 w. 10th-St, at GOTH
st and Graceland-av. He suffered
head injuries.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-06-24
STRIKE CALLED IN
PROVIDENCE MILLS
1850 Wooden Workers Are
Expected to Respond.

By United Press
PROVIDENCE, R. L, June "a
Workers Of seven mills of the Tx
bridge Worsted Co. were called out
on strike today. The mills employ
$3.50 operators and practically all
were expected to respond.
Alarmed authorities feared it was
the first flare up Of labor trouble
likely to spread through the entire
wooden and worsted industry, in
which the United Textile Workers
of America wants to raise wage
scales 20 per cent. The strike against
the Uxbridge company, which the
union alleges was among the first"
to abandon NRA standards, was
called as 2 test strike"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-06-24
MODEL PLANES
ARE TESTED IN
INDOOR FLIGHTS
City Junior AviatorS Hold
Meeting at Butler
FieIdh0uSe.

Members of The Indianapolis
Times Squadron of Scripps- Howard
Junior Aviator held their first in
door meet in the Butler Fieldhouse
Saturday.
Models entered in the contest were
limited to those built from specifi-
cations which have appeared on the
Saturday Junior Aviation page Of
The Times. Time flights were held
for four different types Of indoor
planes.
In the Endurance R. o. G. type
the winners with their best time
we're: First, James Cahill, Flight
"A, 5 minutes IA seconds; second,
Carson Carroll, Flight "A, 2 minutes
As seconds; third, John Foster,
Flight 5A, 2 minutes "a seconds;
fourth, Robert Paetz, Flight lB, 2
minutes 10 seconds; fifth, Arthur
Lyday, Flight ga, 2 minutes 8 Sec
onds; 9Th, Roy Brandes, Flight 2B,
l minute 81 seconds.
John Foster kept his pusher model
aloft l minute At seconds.
In the tiny midget class, young
Foster made the surprisingly good
time of l minute fiat. Arthur Lyday
was second with a flight of 20
seconds.
Young Cahill, with a flight of l
minute 46 seconds, was first in the
Baby r. o. G. class. Arthur Lyday
was second with / minute 2 Sec
onds, and Foster was third, with 81
seconds.
The meet was under the direction
of Herschell Knight, squadron COM
mander.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-06-24
Clean Out
Kidney Poisons
Wash Out Your IS Miles Of kidney Tubes

Wash Out fow Is Miles OF Kidney Tubes
If kidneys don't pass 8 pints day
and get rid of more than 8 pounds Of
waste matter, the Is miles Of kidney
tubes and filters may become clogged
with poisonous waste and the danger
of acid poisoning is greatly increased.
Elimination becomes irregular and
painful.
This acid condition, brought about
by poor kidney functions is a danger
signal and may be the beginning Of
nagging backache, leg pains, loss OF
pep and energy. getting up nights,
swollen feet and ankles, rheumatic
pains and dizziness.
Most people watch their bowels
which contain only q feet of intes-
tines but neglect the kidneys which
contain Is miles of tiny tubes and
filters. If these tubes or filters be-
come clogged with poisons. it may
knock you out and lay you up for
many months. Don't run any risk
Make sure your kidneys empty 3
pints a day.
Ask your druggist for DOAN'S
PILLS. an old prescription, which
has been used successfully by mill
lions Of kidney sufferers for over 40
years . 1884. Foster Milburn Co
Advertisement.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-06-24
So Many Like
This Laxative
Black Draught

Two OF the reasons why so many
men and women prefer Tedford' s
BlaCk-Draught-
They ike its thorough. cleansing
action.
They Ike that better feeling the
next morning refreshed feeling
after the release Of intestinal poi
sons resulting from constipation.
n have taken Black-DrauEht for hill
tousmess. and it sure il good rem
edg.' writes tir. r. ,. Shew. Of Mar
Son. -. 1t helped me and relieved
me quicker than anything I know.
felt all tired ont and felt that I needed
a good laxative 81 some kind- I had
seen Biack-nrauEhf advertised so took
70. New l can recommend a 60 any
one"
Try Black Draurht next time You
need a laxative. Il sc packages .-Ad-
verfisemeut.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-06-24
JURY VENIRE IS DRAWN
Six to Report July for Second
Court Term.

On order Of Criminal Judge
Frank P. Baker. a venire Of six was
drawn today for a grand jury 10 re-
port at $50 July l for the second
siX-month court term this year.
Those drawn were F. j. Kautz-
man. Lawrence. Frank j. Neu. 2349
+. Gardeld-dr: Joseph L. Mills. pa
n. Belle Vieu-pl; James E. Todd,
New Augusta: Fred Neerman. 306
n. Temple-st. and Anna Newman,
$40 Z. McCaTty-st.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-06-24

RELIEVE PAIN IN MINUTES
To relieve the torturing pain OF Neuritiss
Rheumatism, Neuralgia or Lumbago in 9
minutes, get the Doctors Prescription
NURITO. Absolutely safe No oplAtes' no
narcotics. Does the work quickly - must
relieve your pain in nine minutes or money
back at Druggists. Don't suffer. Use
NURTTO today. -Adverusement.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-06-24
STATE SOCIALISTS BAR
THIRD PARTY ACTIVITY
Long and COughlin Views Not
Helpful, Saws Secretary.

Helpful, Says Secretary.
Stating that neither Senator Huey
Long nor Father Charles E. Cough
lin have propositions that will help
anything" Forrest Rogers, secre-
tary Of the Indiana Socialist party,
today denied that any regular So
cialists will be connected with pro-
posed formation of a third party in
Chicago next month.
C.E. Wharton. Kenton, o., is quot
ed as saying that Socialists will
attend the meeting, at which the
Kingflsh and the Detroit priest are
expected to speak.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-06-24
.LUTZ SPEAKS AT PICNIC
800 Attend Outing of Former War
rick County Residents.

More than 300 former residents of
Warrick County attended the first
annual picnic of the newly formed
organization yesterday in Garfield
Park. Municipal Judge Wilfred
Bradshaw, club president, presided.
Speakers included Atty. Gen. Philip
Lutz Jr., Mrs. Kate Miner Rabb,
William Fortune, Charles w. Foltz,
Earl M. Spradley and A. F. Akers.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-06-24
YEGGs' EFFORTS FUTILE
Batter Garage Safe Open Only to
Find Money Removed.

Burglars who battered the COM
bination off the safe Of the Waverly
Garage Co., 312 N. Senate-av, over
the weekend, had no return for
their trouble.
Herbert Ryker, 1901 E. Iowa-st,
who reported the burglary, said that
the money had been deposited in a
bank Saturday, and the safe was
empty.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-06-24
JUNE "a, 1885

state-operated corporation the right
of eminent domain to take over
factories. farms, mines, water
power, etc.
The projects would be operated
by unemployed and part time work.
ers and their products would be
used, when needed. for persons on
relief, and sold to the general
public.
The meeting also Endorsed the
proposed Workers Right Amend
ment" recently introduced in Con-
gress by Rep. Vita Marcantonio
Cd. n. ".
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-06-24
WABASH CLAIMS VICTIM
Transient said He Was Member Of
Wealthy Eastern Family.

b. ines special
TERRE HAUTE. June 24.-Jack
BrodSky. New York, who claimed 70
have been a member Of a wealthy
Eastern family. was drowned in the
Wabash River here yesterday. while
swimming with a companion.
Mr.. BrodSky. who had been
housed a. the local transient
bureau for the night. told attend
ants that he left New York 70 keep
from paying alimony. Efforts were
being made today 10 communicate
with relatives.