davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1935-04-18
2. The natural monopoly.

2. The natural monopoly.
3. The dealers in indispens-
ables.
4. The sweatshop.
5. The "ghoul" buyer and
operator of bankrupt stocks and
assets.
In other words, said General
Johnson, there is back of the
MIRA a record of complete fail
ure for the old capitalistic sys-
tenn.
Going into the subject of COM
plants that the NRA has broken
down antitrust laws, General
johnson asserted the Sherman
act was not effective anyway.
He said:
"The Sherman act made no
distinction between restraints
of competition in the public
interest and restraints of COM
petition by groups or individ-
uals for their own selfish ad-
vantage"
Further than this, he said,
weak as was the Sherman act,
Supreme Court decisions la tie r
thoroughly emasculated it. Prior
to the MIRA, he said, attempts
to legislate restraints upon COM
petition in the public interest all
failed. The results of these fail
ures were destructive price wars,
absorption of smaller enterprises,
SweatShops and the other evils
of the days before NRA, he as
serted.
The witness vigorously defended
The Washington times., 1935-04-18

himself against the charges that
he went to Big Industry alone for
assistance in administering MIRA.
The facts were, he said, that his
first deputies included two college
professors, two lawyers, one labor
leader, one Army officer, one
scientist and three industrialists.
Going into results, General
Johnson declared NRA has
stopped the vast process of merger
and absorption on the part of Big
Business.
Other good results he listed as
increased business, better prices,
more Independents in business,
and a clearer conception Of the
ethics of good and fair business.
Big Business Foes
Big business, not the little fell
low, has been the most consistent
foe of NRA codes, General John.
son told the Senate Investigators.
The little fellow has been glad
to come under the codes, in most
instances, he asserted, as the
codes have protected him.
AS for price increases under the
codes, General johnson said in
uncodified industries they have
risen higher than those coded.
He said prices in uncodified in
dustries have risen 31.3 per cent,
while those of the coded industries
have gone up only 26.2 per cent.
MIRA has helped labor, but has
not yet completely insured the
rights intended to be granted un-
der the big recovery unit, he said.
The Washington times., 1935-04-18

committee apparently accepted
his testimony as important. He
added
"They (the barrow bOard)
disregarded MIRA, packed the
Record with framed testimony,
disregarded every judicial rule
of fairness known to man. So
Iicited and accepted unsuppOrt-
ed statements, restricted or ig-
nOred testimony unfavOrable to
their purposes, hazed witnesses
on that side, inSulted NRA Off
Gals, and for this spent $4,000
of Government money"
General johnson dealt in de-
tail with many complaints that
NRA has hurt the little fellow.
He said the committee had before
it nothing of concrete substan-
tiated evidence that MIRA had
hurt the little fellow, except that
he didn't like to pay code wages
for code hours. He said:
you have only apprehen-
SiOns and unsupported aSSer-
tiOnS."
DEFENDS NRA
Going to the heart of the prob.
lem as he saw it, General John
son offered this conclusion which
he said stood as the only logical
one after a careful study of the
MIRA set up. He said:
Il will freely admit the faults
and the errors of the NRA and
will fight as hard as anybody
to correct them.
But it was the first inteIIi-
gent attempt ever made by this
Government to check the tend
The Washington times., 1935-04-18
CONTINUED from Page y


stands today. He asked and re-
ceived permission to read this
without interruption before he was
questioned.
General johnson started reading
in a loud, clear voice.
He placed the blame for exist
ing faults in the NRA upon his
own shoulders.
He said:
81 do contend and 1 think
1 can show, that such faults
as arose were due to my
administration rather than bad
law, that many if not most
of these errors Of mine are in
process of effective correction"
ASSAILS CRITICS
He was brutal in his treatment
of critics of the MIRA, most of
whom he charged had no justifi-
cation for their complaints. For
the DarroW board, named to
investigate the recovery unit, he
had nothing but harsh words.
After he began with the mild
assertion that 1T did not work
in good faith" he added bluntly:
ut was political wailing
wall and it recommended Com
munism. There was not one
fair hearing before it,"
The former MIRA chieftain said
that he would not mention the
Darrow board, which was headed
by the Chicago attorney, Clarence
barrow. except for its record of
bad faith and the fact that the
The Washington times., 1935-04-18
POETESS AS GUEST

Mrs. Alfred Franklin Smith, ma
tonally known poetess, will be the
guest of honor at a poetry salon
to be held by the D. C. League of
American Pen Women, April q,
at 8 p. M, in the Burlington Hotel.
The Washington times., 1935-04-18

SAID MR. PETERSON OF (6l crY
REPRODUCTION REGAL
Evening star., 1935-07-06
DIVORCE GRANTED
TO FORMER QUEEN
George Of Greece Fails to Defend
Suit Before Rumanian
Court.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
BUCHAREST. July e-On the
ground that her husband, the former
King George of Greece, had abandoned
his marital domicile in Rumania. the
Court of Appeals today granted an
absolute divorce to former Queen
Elizabeth.
This aetien pFeeluded the possibility
that Elizabeth might join George On
the Greek throne should he be recalled
as a result OF plebiscite to be held
in Greece probably the end OF this
month.
The proceedings today occupied enly
10 minutes and were secret. George,
who is living in London. ignored the
entire case and was not even repre-
sented by lawyers.
Elizabeth, it was announced, will
now resume her old title Of Elizabeth
Of Hohenzollern, Princess Of Rumania
She will make her permanent home on
a beautiful estate she recently pur-
chased in Transylvania.
Under Rumanian legal procedure
the divorce will be final, failing an
appeal by the former King within five
days from next Monday.
Evening star., 1935-07-06
What's What
Behind News
In Capital
Republicans Have Four
Candidates Who
Lead Field.
BY PAUL MALLON.
N OUTSTANDING Republican

A N OO1 81 AfSO1N1 ktcPApl&paii
n authority has recently Travelled
~ around the country, mostly
a the Middle West, talking with
party workers. He probably has the
best inside slant on the sub-strata OF
Republican thought about candidates
for '36. His view Is not surprising
but is self-evidently authoritative,
In his estimation, the four most
talked-of candidates are:
Frank Knox. business man and edi-
tor, who is favored by mueh OF the
former Hoover following, No organ
ization work Ia being done in his be-
half. but it is thought he will event.
ually get the Illinois delegation, prob
ably also Missouri and Oklahoma, and
that he will be second choice in several
other Midwest States which have fa-
vorite sons as first choice. This does
not represent his maximum chances,
but only what Is Immediately in sight
for him, if he becomes a candidate.
Gov. Landon, whose assurances at
the moment include only Kansas. has
strong backing among Republican
leaders and former leaders 'en the
scene here. He is of Dutch descent
has a reputation for tight economy
both in his personal and public life. A
Evening star., 1935-07-06
RELIEF HOUR CUT
INCREASES Jobs
Hopkins Plan Designed to
Garry ON Higher Propor-
ton of Projects:
BY the Associated Press

ny Jn6 AsttCihbcu FfoSS.
Harry L. Hopkins' slashing of hours
on relief jobs was described ofhcially
today ~ an attempt to carry on q
higher proportion Of more substantial
projects.
On work,relief projects under Hop
kins the maximum hours were cut
fram lao a month TO l%0. The pay.
which has been announced as ranging
from 80 to $94 a month, depending
on locality and kind Of work, will re-
main the same.
Ofieials said that with the hours
each man will work reduced, the ma
terials involved will 60 that much
further In the ieb-supplying CAM
paign. The ef{eials acknowledged
that the new change will slow up the
program.
New Dealers have stressed the diff
Guilty of finding enough durable prof.
ects on which to put unemployed to
work and yet stay within the money
available.
The changed hours, II was said, will
affect more than 100000 of the
$500 900 persons whom President
Roosevelt aims to put to work,
Hopkins aimed, 1t was said, TO put
his works progress hours more In line
with federally aided highway projects
and with P. w. A. jobs. In those
cases a 130-hour month prevails, with
pay stopping when bad weather halts
work. Under Hopkins plan weather
does not halt pay.
Relief officials calculate that under
the new hour schedule work relief
wages would average approximately
35 cents per hour. which is consider
ably under the prevailing rates in pri-
vate industry. P. w. A. scales for
unskilled labor range from 40 to SO
cents per hour.
The 35-cents-an-hour average was
based on the ofIicial estimate tina,
the overall average monthly wage
for all classifications and localities Of
labor involved would be about $40.
The oweSt wage of SIG in small
Southern towns averages IS cents an
hour, and the $S4 top. to professional
or technical employees in such centers
as New York. is about 10 cents.
officials reminded, however, that
hourly rates really would be somewhat
higher, because no reduction is made
for time lost because Of weather.
Evening star., 1935-07-06
U. S. ARRESTS FIVE
IN STAMPS FAKE
Spurious Liquor Revenue Oper'
ators Said to Have Cleared
$1,000,000.
BY the Associated Press.


CHICAGO, July 6.-Five men we're
in custody today as secret service
men investigated a gang blamed for
making about 81 900, 100 in profits
through spurious liquor revenue
stamps since repeal Of prohibition,
Capt. Thomas J. Callaghan, in
charge of the local secre- service office,
revealed that also seized at the time
of the arrests Wednesday were S475,-
600 worth of bogus american Tsls-
phone Il Telegraph Go. gold notes
and plates for their manufacture.
Chief among those held were P.
David Pinkussohn. known as the
millionaire airplane bootle9ger" IN
prohibition days, and Make Eisep,
described by authorities as leader of
a North Side bootiegging gang of the
same era.
THE operations of the ring" CAL
laghan said, were Nation-W in
scope. Our investigation, started on
secret information, convinced us that
million dollars would be a censery-
ative estimate of the profits"
Evening star., 1935-07-06
VOLUNTEER OFFICERS
SOUGHT FOR TWO POSTS

The Navy wants officers to volun-
teer for duty at Pearl Harhar, Hawaii
and Coco Sole, in the Panama Canal
Zone.
This was revealed today when the
Bureau of Navigation. Navy Depart
neHt, asked the service to advise it
on prospects. Although the next an
nual shift Of officer persanEsl in subs
marines does not take place until next
June, the department Is starting in
early.
There will be vacancies for one
lieutenant commander, four lieuten-
ants and three lieutensnts, Junior
grade, at Pearl Harbor, and at Coco
Solo for three lieutsnants and two
lieutenants, junier grade. The bu-
reau said today that it will welcome
requests from officers due fer shore
duty year hence and while it wants
qualified submarine officers, if pos
sible, requests from ether line ehicers
will be considered.
Evening star., 1935-07-06
SENATE TO BEGIN !.
RAILROAD PROBE
Eastman Selects Represent"
atlve Roads for lnvestiga-
ton of Financing.
By the Associated Press

DS Lhe Associated FresS.
Chairman Wheeler, Democrat, Of
Montana. Of the Senate Interstate
Commerce Committee said today his
committee would start Immediately to
collect evidence in bread inVestiga-
ton Of railroad financing.
The disclosure of the quick start
Of the inquiry the Senate has author
lied came after Joseph B. Eastman,
co-ordtnator of transportation, Sc
lected l6 railroad systems on which
the investigation will center. The
Senate resolution had allotted the
task Of selection to Eastman.
Roads to Be Representative.
Eastman said the ground to be
covered ought to be fairly typical Of
the railroad situation as a whole" He
also asserted the roads selected should
be representative Of the financial in
terests which have been most closely
associated with the railroads"
He said the leading interests to be
considered in this connection were
J. p Morgan a. Co. and Kuhn, Loeb
& Co. He also listed Speyer ~ Co.,
J. & W. Seligman d. Co, Hayden.
Stone 4s Co. and Dillon Read a. Co,
as concerns which have played lesser
parts"
Wheeler said that many charges"
OF "maladministration" of the finances
of railroads had been made.
I'm exceedingly anxious to de-
termine how much truth there Is IN
the charges, how much banker con-
troll there is, and then to have legis-
lation which will prevent the banker
control.
We should stop the railroads from
being milked"
Not Regarded as Undesirables.
Eastman emphasized that the fact
that any particular railroad has been
included in the list is not to be
taken, and cannot be taken. as evil
dence that it is an undesirable citizen
in the railroad world, or even that l
believe it so 10 be. The same thing
may be said of the financial interests
which have been associated with these
railroads in the past
Eastman selected six Systems in
the Western region, eight in the East
and four in the South as "repTeSen-
tativs" subjects for inquiry
The Western roads were the ST.
Lnuis-San Francisco; Chicago, Rock
Island l. Pacific; Missouri Pacific;
Chicago g. Northwestern; Chicago,
Milwaukee. st. Paul d Pacific. ana
the Kansas City Southern.
The Eastern roads: Chesapeake &
Ohio; the Erie; the New York, Chi
eago d st. Louis; Pere Marquette
Chicago Il Eastern Illinois: Pennsyl-
vania; wabash, and the Delaware u
Hudson
The Southern roads; Southern Rail-
way; Illinois Central; Central Of
Georgia, and Florida East Coast.
Evening star., 1935-07-06
Ethiopia

CONTINUED Fram First Page)
was two-fold, 1t sought to keep the
United States out of the border dis
pute which Is troubling Europe and at
the same time reaSserted American
belief in the sanctity of treaties.
The note suggested that the League
OF Nations, which already is arhitrat-
ing the dispute, continue.
Text Of Nsts,
The text follows:
i have the honor to acknowledge
the receipt of your imperial majesty's
note Of July 3, 1895, and to inferm
your imperial majesty that immsdi-
ately communicated its contents To my
Government. ! have been Instructed
by my Government TO reply TO your
note as follows:
in the maintenance of the peace in
all parts of the world Is sratified
that the League of Nations, with a
view to peaceful settlement, has
given its attention to the controversy
which has unhaPpily arisen between
your government and the Italian gov
erHment and that the controversy is
now In process Of arbitration.
My Government hopes that, what
ever the facts or merits of the con-
troversy may be, the arbitral agency
dealing with this controversy may be
able to arrive at q decision satisfac-
tory to both of the governments im-
mediately concerned.
"Furthermore-and of great impor-
tanee, in view of the provisions of the
pact Of Paris, to which both Italy and
Abyssinia are parties, in common with
81 other countries-my Government
would be loath to believe that either
of them would resort to other than
pacific means as method of dealing
with this controversy or would per-
matt any situation to arise which would
be Inconsistent with the commitments
of the pact"
Evening star., 1935-07-06

executives, runs . sizahle staff in
what was formerly the most i'm
pertant press job in tewn.
But where the girls really ceHe into
their own is in the Interior De-
partment. Secretary fekes has three
lady press agents. Handsome Pref.
Fugwell has recently signed q new
one in rural resettlemeHt.
There are about dozen directly
or indirectly functiening in New Beal
press capacities around town.
(GopyTight. 1935)
Evening star., 1935-07-06
BAER'S WIFE FINE GIRL,
SAY FAMILY MEMBERS
Buddy Expects to Meet Ford
Smith After Go With De-
laney Wednesday.
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
BUFFALO, N. Y, July 6.-The Baer
family of Livermore. Calf, is 100
per cent for Ex-Champion MaX's
bride.
Speaking for the family" said
younger brother Buddy as he worked
out for his scrap next Wednesday
with hustling Al Delaney, young Buff
lafo heavy Il assure you we're all for
her. I'm surprised and glad. tao. that
Max won such a fine girl. She'll be
here to see me fight Delaney
y understand Delaney is like my
self" continued Buddy, switching the
subject reluctantly, "a younsster full
of fight. If everything goes well with
me expect to meet Ford Smith in
Chicago later this month"
But If Delaney wins you're going
straight back to Los Angeles" sug-
geSted Q listener. Well, there's no
place like home" Buddy retortsd,
grinning.
Evening star., 1935-07-06
COURTS MAY HALT
NEW LABOR LAW
Early Tests Loom With In.
dustry 0pposed to Inter-
state View.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Early court tests Of the Wagner
labor disputes act by majer industries
are in prospect.
Contending that manufacturing is
not interstate commerce, men in the
steel. automobile and rubber indus
tries have given notice they intend TO
ask the courts TO rule On the new laws
constitutioaality as applied TO their
relations with labor.
President Roosevelt signed the Wag-
ner bill yesterday. 1t sets up new
National Labor Relations Board Of
three members.
Among other things. the Wagner
act makes employer interference with
employe organization an unfair labor
practice" orders employers to deal
with the labor organization represent
ing their employees and gives the labor
organization chosen by q majority ei
the employees in . plant the right te
speak for all employees.
In signing the bill, the President
said 1t did not cover oil industry ane
labor, but 10 applicable only wher
violation Of the legal right Of inde.
pendent seff-organization would bur.
den or ehstruct interstate commerce,
Many large firms are expected u
seize upon that clause of the act ir
pressing their court fights They as
sert that, since the manufacture O.
their goods Is not in interstate com
merce, the Federal Government ha!
no right to tell them how they shoulc
deal with their workers.
The new Labor Relations Board viii
supplant the one rendered impoten
by the Supreme Courts ruling in
validating NJ r. A. Edwin Smith
former Massachusetts, labor commits
sioner and member of the old board
has been mentioned as a possible ap
pointee to the new board.
Evening star., 1935-07-06
Early Fall Gains for Business
Seen after Light S un1n,er Lull

industries themselves was better than
per cert higher"
The low point of production for the
year, expscted this Summer, will be
substantially over the low point of
last Sumtler," the report added.
Employment in durable goods in
dustriss Has shown Q tendency to re-
main at 1.-THE highest levels reached
since tha, early part OF 1888, it said,
while In aen-durahle goods industries
empleymaat also has been keeping
near its t8sh point.
A decrhase In cotton exports has
affected 5'oreign trade balances, and
In May, rs well as April, all imports
exceeded ali exports Any substantial
increase In cotton exports would be
sutacisnt, however, the report adds, to
give the 'ountry's foreign trade 3 fa-
yoFahle balance.
Evening star., 1935-07-06
Ex.!UDGE VAUSE
FREED ON PAROLE
Six-Year Mail Fraud Term, Be.
gun in 1882 by Brooklyn Jurist,
IS Years Old.
By the Associated Press.

by lne ASSOCIATED FTebS.
ATLANTA, July 6.-W. Bernard
Vause, former Kings County Judge
at Brooklyn, N. Y, was paroled
from the Federal penitentiary here
today.
The 5s-year-old former Judge start
ed serving a six-year term on Febru-
airy 3, 1882, following his conviction
in the southern district of New York
for conspiracy and use of the mails
to defraud.
The charges against Vauss grew eut
of the operation of the Columbia
Finance Corp.
He was sentenced July 80, 1880, and
appeals were carried to the Circuit
and Supreme Courts and an appeal
for executive clemency was made to
President Roosevelt.
The former judge was acquitted in
1880 on a Federal charge of false
income tax return for the year 1926.
Two State charges in New York
courts based on the Columbia Corp.
losses for investors have been dropped,
Leaving the prison in midmerning.
Vause entered an automobile and
left quickly. Ne statement was forth
coming frem prison officials.
Evening star., 1935-07-06
TWO MORE B0MBINGS
STIR STRIKE SECTION
Explosions Near Standard Lime
and Stone Plant at Martins
burg De Little Harm.

ObA 40 AAAktAB AAA4 ttAs
Special Dispatch to The Star
AARTINsBURG, w. Va, July e.
Two more dynamite explosions nssr
the plant of Standard Lime G Stone
Co. here, which has been subjected
to q ten-week strike and which !,
new operating with workers recruited
in spite Of the strike, were set of last
night.
Both were placed patiently to inter
rupt the fow of power to this plant
which Is served by two lines. In
one instance pole was shattered
and in the other eRs a telephone line
was broken. In neither case was the
damage such as to break the power
supply.
State police said the charges ap-
parently included about IS sticks
of dynamite each and both used long
fuse rolls. They went of at smipute
intervals shortly after midnight.
No arrests have been made but
police are working on the theory
that the strike situation was back
of the acts.
They are working also on the
theory that the explosives may have
been part of an estimated 500 pounds
of dynamite stolen in Wayneshoro,
Pa, some weeks ago.
Evening star., 1935-07-06
BY the Assoeisted Press.

BY the Assosiated Press.
The Chamber of Commerce of the
United States says there is less Mid
summer dullHess' this year than last
and that evidences of general i'm
proyement by early Fall may be ex-
pected within q few weeks.
The publication stated In its fort
nightly review that analyses Of de-
tailed evidence for the first hve
months of 1895 show that general
business activities in those months
remained remarkably steady and at Q
level Heticsahly higher than In ths
corresponding part of 1884.
Production in all its forms.
whether In raw materials or In niaHii-
featured articles. averaged per cent
higher. Output Of HaaHufaetu1iHg
Evening star., 1935-07-06
PALMER HOUSE H0N0RS
VETERAN NEGRO WAITER
Former Slave, Now 80, Gets Gold
Med I fer SO Years Of
Service.

CHICAGO tP.-The management
OF the Palmer and friends in all
walks Of lifs honered an a0-year-old
Negro waiter. who was born in slavery
and has been employed by the Iacp
hotel for S2 years. Squire W0cten
received Q gold medal for his long
service. i
Known 10 thousands of Palmer
House guests, Weoten. during his half
century of waiting on tables, has served
such notaRles as Presidents Grant,
Mckinley, Cleveland and Garfield
Mark TwsAn and Rudyard Kipling.
Three generations of the Palmer
family mhde him their personal
waiter.