davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-02-11
Your Health
by DIR. MORRIS FISH3EIN-

A TTENTION again is focused Oh h1ccoughs be-
N cause of the case of young woman who was
subject to this disorder recently for considerable
number of days.
Hccoughs is almost the opposite of a cough. In
hccoughs the diaphragm, which is the large muscle
between the chest cavity and the abdominal cavity,
is suddenly contracted At the same time, the valve
in the throat called the CLOTHS which shuts of the
windpipe, is suddenly closed on the air which is
rapidly being inhaled This produces the peculiar
sound called hiccoughs.
There are many different causes of this condi-
ton Sometimes there is Inflammation in the eb-
dominal organs which irritates the diaphragm.
Sometimes it results from distention or swelling Of
the stomach as the result of too much food, or the
formation of gas or the swallowing of too much air.
In other cases. the condition is the result OF
swallowing very hot foods or drinks.
TN addition to these local causes, it must be re-
L membered that the diaphragm is controlled in
its movements by nerve, and when this nerve Is
irritated it may stimulate contraction OF the
diaphragm and thereby produce repeated hccougnS
Thus, hiccoughs appear in conditions in which
there is Inflammation of the brain in the region
where the nerve controlling the diaphragm arises
There are also cases in which hiccoughs seem to
be unassocated with anything physical and IN which
they are purely disorder. There are cases
of hysterca hiccoughs. Because of this fact, mild
forms of hiccoughs can sometimes be stopped by
focusing the attention elsewhere
COUGHING, sneezing, swallowing ice, vinegar or
~ cold water, vomiting may yield relief. Pull
ing out the tongue will stop the attack in some ca
There are cases Of hccoughs stopped by haT <
the patient breathe into paper bag and reinha ng
the breath that has passed out This breath is full
Of carbon dioxide Stimulation Of the breathing
brought about by inhaling carbon dioXide seems to
stop the hccoughs
When hiccoughs persist to the point of exhaus-
ton more serious remedies must be tried. In such
cases the doctor injects narcotic drugs which de-
press the nerve action
In the most serious cases. surgical operations may
be used in which the nerve controlling the di-
aphragm is CONSTRUCTED and its contractions stopped
in that manner.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-02-11
Heroes and Martyrs

THE Leon Henderson committee, a government
Il agency. mind you, states.
The petty Whims of the foreman seem to be
the controlling influence II the lives Of many of
the automobile workers Inere Is evidence
t1 indicate that If a foreman says do not rehire'
on hs lay0d slip this snap judgment may be taken
as ANAL for that plant and that company and per-
haps through checking or references. final for the
INDUSTRY II the foreman should write 'agltator on
the ayoF slip. either as such IN code, the effect
certainly would be final far as that worker was
concerned 49, ,
Under these circumstances it is hypocrltlcal
folly 90 talk about free" secret elections Be
fore there is organization there must be organlza-
ton An election is hardly an election without pre-
lr-irarv electiOneering. In other words a union
can not possibly win in vote unless the move
mont IS absolutely spontaneous and capable OF pro-
ceedinr under its own steam and without any Ill
rcrtfou or leadership whatsoever. When you get ~
per cent voting for union afhliation you are hoU
counting the men who wish TO join the organization
You are tabulating the heroes and the martyrs
The law says that every worker has rlght 70
ioin an organization Of his own choosing buI
Somebody forgot TO add the necessary postscript
which should read. and you also have sven
chance of having your head cut of. In case that
hapDens hold it firmly in your two hands ana run ~
Gown 10 washington and find somebody to SUCK II
on again Just tryl'
copyright. 1851
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-02-11
Every Place Has 1t

TOR the convenience Of the lady trade liquor
nowadays is being served not only in the cor
ner locations of the odfashioned saloon but in the
bakery lunch, the dairy lunch, the lunch wagon
and the tearoom. The ladies would seem to be i'm
phcated too although not necessarily with conscious
guilt in the current campaign of the clothing inter-
ests to prescribe certain definite drinking costumes
for males such the cocktail jacket and the cham
payne coat
Your correspondent has seen mention Of the
beer apron or the Scotch kilt the official uniform
for certain drinking occasions but that could be just
oversight Cocktails and champagne have been
drunk with successful results by dressed in
ordinary working Clothes but the movement to
prescribe correct costumes might involve so much
kit that man going out for quiet round OF pub
crawling would have to carry trunk
Do you suppose there is still little place some
where where could get couple of poached
eggs and glass Of milk without having to qualify
on six old-fashoneds and lick a couple Of sopho-
moreS?
Copyright 1885 United Feature Syndicate Inc)
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-02-11
Today's Science
,oOpyrisht 1850
81 DAVID DIEIL

%FsPITE the fact that this is the Age OF Steel
NOR remains TO be learned about steel than Is
NOW known BY turning 70 the STUDY OF the a1OiillO
~,-,r--,~,+,ons within the crystals which MAKE up
teeI the scientists Of the Metals Research LaooIa
tory Of the Carnegie Institute OF Technology Plus
burch. are seeking 10 throw new AshO "'Ol TAG
fundamental problems involved. ,,.
ab0ut so rer cent Of the time OF the laboratory
is devoted TO the subject Of iron ana steel one u
the researches under way Is an allehlp. 70 sIOM
unusually large crystals OF IRON from uese II -
hoDed that many phenomena which are obscure III
smaller crystals VIII be made plain.
IRON saws DR.. Robert F. AIehl. director Of the
Metals Research Laboratory. has the pecuhar prop
ertv OF existing in TWO different forms Prom room
te1-rcrature I'D 10 about 1850 degrees FahTennel''
r6od orange heat, one Of these forms, called alpha
iron exists
Above this temperature, another form. cameo cameo
gamma iron exists Gamma iron differs from alpna
ron In MANY WAYS though both are iron 1t mas
different density Different electrical conouctiVltV
In addition the atoms are arranged IN a olueIeAV
type Of lattice in its crystals
GAMMA iron. the hgh-temperaturre variety has
" a ~face-centered cubic" lattice. The unit Is
again cube with an atom al each corner But there
f no LONGER an atom in the center Of the cube. IN
+.sd there is an atom in the center OF each OF the
six faces Of the cube Il will be therefore. that
there are IA atoms in the unit Of the gamma IRON
lattice.
Many metals have the face-centered cubic ar
raurement az ordinary temperatures. Among them
are copper. aluminium silver. gold and many other
metals.
THE existence Of these two forms Of iron explains
l. the process by which steel is hardened.
Tire process OF hardening steel Dr.. Mehl says,
els simply one OF heating the steel 70 high tenn
ue-ature 10 which the gamma iron Just described is
formed and then cooling It very quickly. say by
ouenchirg in cold water so that the new alpha iron
Is not formed freely but caught. 10 speak, half
v-av in the process Of forming and growing.
Very small crystals OF alpha iron, much twisted
~ rail IA ~ q
corroirrd OF iron and the carbon always present
IN steel are deposited in the atom planes. and thus
the process OF slip IS made very difficult. QUenched
steel is hard therefore because the crystals not
slip easily along the atom planes
Atom planes. IL will be recalled are the planes
through the lattices IN which the atoms lie. When
crystal is deformed. il IS due 10 slippage along
these atom planes.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-02-11
A Spiritual Dislike DeUeIOps

IN time under this treatment the pate ut develops
L great physical and spiritual dislike for whisky
and is deemed to be cured for a while
1t appears that the United States, he wing given
the cold turkey treatment lalfhearted and poorly
administered trial is trying saturaton.
AS one who drank his part during the long rebel
lion against the cold turkey treatment prescribed by
the Anti-Saloon League your correspondent can
hardly be accused Of prohibitionism Nevertheless,
there times under repeal when the liquor in
dustry seems determined to create a revulsion in
those whose persistent and high principed awless-
ness in the face of the Eighteenth Amendment more
than anything that the liquor industry did, finally
brought about repeal.
Already, your correspondent, whose feelings
toward liquor normally Of the kindiest, begins
to taste whisky in the grapefruit and smell it on
the dog.
This may be due to the preservation in the legal
lied saloons, bars, gris and taverns under repeal
OF the coed system of barroom camaraderie which
developed in the speakeasies during prohibition.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-02-11

in Mexico before the Senate For
eign Relations Committee.
That Mexico resents meddling"
in her domestic affairs, is plainly
indicated. Hardly had the news
spread that the Idahoan would
ask for an investigation than the
Mexican embassy issued an i'm
mediate denial of the charges,
saying the Senator was acting on
partial or incomplete information.
Then, close on the heels of the
denial, the Mexican minister OF
foreign affairs issued a white
book" giving the whole history of
"the conflict between the civil
power and the clergy" the work
of Atty. Gen. Emilio Portes Gil.
= =
A COPY of this book is in the
n hands of the writer. The
hastiest of perusals makes it clear
that should the Senate authorize
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-02-11
Manual

erful German guilds, whose prin-
ciples are the basis of all labor
unions, had established trade
schools to continue a long line of
perfect craftsmanship.
Mr.. Stechhan wandered all over
Europe, studying and making re-
search. He found out what the
curriculum was, how each subject
was taught and what the results
were.
Filled with enthusiasm, Mr..
Stechhan returned to indianapolis
and arranged for a huge mass
meeting to outline his plans for
free trade school in indianapolis
He particularly urged the manu-
facturers to attend.
The meeting was heartbreak-
ing disappointment. The manu.
facturers scoffed at the idea. They
were making money. There was
prosperity undreamed of before
them. There was no pessimistic
thought of the future. The public
simply didn't care for long-range
planning.
MIR. STECHHAN became more
4VA cautious, and resolved that
the next time he preached his en-
terprise he would choose as an
audience those who might be SYM
pathetic.
So, few months later he OBJ
tanned a hearing with the Cen
trail Labor Union for a mass meet
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-02-11

ing of labor delegates. There he
met enthusiasm.
His confidence restored, Mr..
Stechhan told how the free trade
school would bring recognition
for the mechanic, the artisan and
the laborer. He criticised the
factory system" for giving the
apprentice no opportunity for a
comprehensive view of his whole
work.
IF we can have perfectly
trained, intelligent mechanics all
over the country, we can con-
quer the world" Mr.. Stechhan
told the lahoring group.
A resolution was adopted petit
tioning the indiana General AS
sembly to permit the school board
to levy tax to construct a new,
industrial school in indianapolis.
Steel Age, great industrial mag
azine, sent a reporter to the meet
ing and spoke enthusiastically Of
the project. John Frenzel, school
board president, approved of the
idea and worked with Mr.. Stech-
han.
EINALLY the bill was intro
Il duced into the Indiana House
of Representatives by Rep. James
D. Curtis Feb. 10, 1891, and be-
came known as House Bill GIL.
The Marion County legislators
were generally favorable to labor
and backed the bill.
Political pressure had to be used
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-02-11

to have the bill reported favor
ably. Labor, to a man, fought for
it. The bill passed the House and
was sent to the Senate.
The bill did not get to the Sem
ate until the closing days of the
Assembly. Each Senator was de-
manding that his own pet bill be
passed. There we're 500 or 600
bills before the body. Once more
Mr.. Stechhan and his supporters
faced failure.
The day before closing Senator
Thompson of Marion County was
prevailed upon to sponsor the bill.
There were so many bills that
each Senator was limited to one
which could be considered before
the Assembly closed.
Senator Thompson's name was
so far down on the list that the
last day would pass without
reaching him. The Marion Coun-
ty delegation appealed to w. w.
Spencer, father of Prosecutor
Herbert M. Spencer, for help. He
was then county attorney.
Mr.. Spencer persuaded Senator
Fulk of Munroe and Brown
Counties to put the bill up for
action. Senator Fulk was friendly
but said that his own constituents
were clamoring for the passage
of bills favorable to them.
At the last minute Senator
Fulk proposed the bill and it was
passed with only one dissenting
vote, March Z. 1891. -
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-02-11

eminent through the Farm Credit
Administration.
Farmers in Aroostook County
wanted the government to give
them their crop. But S. M. Gar
wood of the FCA looked the sit
uation over and proclaimed that
he was not running a relief
agency.
IF the railroads and the ware
houses will cut rates, the gov
eminent will bear its SHARE" he
finally proposed.
Whereupon the railroad sud-
denly became as enthusiastic
about crop reduction as Senator
Borah.
MOST effective potato lobby
1V1 lists, however, are Reps. War
rem and Brewster. The former
wanted to introduce a crop-regu-
lation bill the first day of Con-
greSs.
However, the AAA hung back.
There were two reasons for its
reluctance. First, regulation of
the potato crop will be tremen-
dously complicated. Potatoes are
not grown on large farms. There
are 100000 growers with an av-
erage acreage Of less than one.
Everybody has potatoes in his
own back yard. Second, the AAA
wanted to put across a subtle
deal.
Get your congressman to pass
the amendments to our AAA,"
they told potato farmers, and
We'll put through your potato
program"
However, it looks as if legisla-
ton would not wait for this. Po-
tato prices are too low for the
farmer even to pay costs. His
fertilizer is up so per cent, and
kept up by posted" prices under
the NRA code. So his crop is
taken away from him by his
"fnancier" the minute he bar
vests IL.
Potato crop control will lie
modelled after the Tobacco Act
each state allotted a fixed crop,
and each grower given an allot-
ment within the state. Those
who exceed their allotment must
pay a tax Of half cent a pound.
This the housewife, in the end,
will pay.
Copyright. 1894. BY United Feature
Syndicate. Inc)
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-02-11

THE site chosen for the school
l. was bounded by Merrill and
Meridian-sts and MadiSon-av. The
purchase price was $4,000. Old
stately mansions. the homes OF
such prominent Indiana families
as the Merrills and the Ketchams.
lined all sides of the tract. In the
winter of 1894 actual construc-
ton began.
The tragedy of Otto Stechhans
life was that others, once the
project was under way, grabbed
for the fame and glory. No seeker
of honors, his visionary courage
was forgotten until July 8, 1925.
On that date, a short time after
Mr.. Stechhan had died at the
age of II in Pasadena, Cal, the
school board adopted a lengthy
and eloquent eulogy of Mr..
Stechhan.
The eulogy sharply criticised
history which had SO disregarded
the guiding spirit behind the
founding Of Manual Training
High School.
The building was finished early
in 1895 at cost of $50, 256.46.
Equipment cost $50, 10000, which
brought the entire cost to $780,
359.O6.
The school was named the In
dustrial Training School. Curious
~ enough the name had to be
changed to Manual Training High
School, because the public had the
peculiar idea that an industrial
training school was a penal in
stitution. Manual was the first
high school in the country to be
a free industrial school.
A T first it was difficult to de-
N termine the exact nature
of the school and to discover how
a trade school and an ordinary
school could be run coordinate
~. Charles E. Emmerich, beloved
first principal, shortly after the
opening date, Feb. 18, 1895, de-
clared that the purpose Of the
school was to combine the "disci-
pine of the mind and the hand"
The subjects taught were Eng
Lsh, wood working, Latin, geome-
try, mechanical drawing, physics,
bookkeeping, penmanship, free
hand drawing, chemistry, civil
government, sewing, cooking, alge-
bra, stenography, library, Ger
man and iron and steel forging.
The school had 526 pupils, 278
girls and 248 boys, the initial Sc
mester. There were % on the
faculty.
From all over the United States
and even from Europe, teachers
came to Manual to view the new
and exciting experiment. The
school superintendent OF New
York. Boston and Chicago are
among the names registered in
the guest book that first mo-
mentous year.
George M. Fellows, University
of Chicago educator, commented:
MY own impression is that In
dustrial Training School has
established the proper relation
between an industrial and Sec
ondary school. Manual training
is not a fad, but is so combined
with other lines as to put into
practice the best educational
theories of the present day"
Mr.. Stechhan's dream was an
actual success. p.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-02-11

the investigation it will likely pre-
cipitate Uncle Sam into a Mexi-
can hornets nest. The Mexicans
are in deadly earnest.
Senator Walsh Of Massachu-
sets supports Senator Borah. He
says he knows of 10 Senators who
will vote for the resolution. He
predicts prompt passage. He
charges conditions in Mexico are
worse than the Nazi persecution
of the Jews.
Senator Borah insists his object
is merely to get at the truth. II
want to make it clear" he said,
that in offering the resolution I
had no preconceived ideas on the
justification of the charges.
The contention is being made
that fearful prosecutions are con-
stantly being carried on against
American citizens in Mexico.
have no opinion on the merits of
the contentious. If the facts don't
bear them out, very well. If they
do, we'll have to find out what can
be done about it,
MEXICO takes no such dispas-
IVA siouate view. The white
Book" categorically denies that
prosecutions exist, but it just as
emphatically indicates that a fin
ish fight is on to eradicate al
legged ABUSES" by religious insti-
tutions. And this fight, it further
indicates, is purely a domestic af-
fair.
Whichever is in the right,
church or state, neutrals here OBJ
serve, any "meddling" at Wash
ington can only injure both sides.
The Mexican government holds
such investigations" are not only
entirely out Of place, but encour-
age revolt in Mexico. Repressive
measures will naturally tend to
increase and the church may find
itself in greater difficulties still.
Meanwhile, every Latin Ameri-
can republic, from Cuba to Cape
Horn, will be watching to see
whether President Roosevelt will
make good his pledge Of nom
interference in their affairs.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-02-11
DAILY WASHINGTON
MERRY-GO-ROUND
By Dre1O Pearson and Robert S. Ale

XK7AsHINGTON, Feb 11Consider the lowly
w bread the article
of processing restriction
unscathed
But the potatoes time has
The Deal for potatoes a period puds
will
But behind the New Deal for potatoes story backsage
lobbying and times mysterious which
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-02-11

THE sleeping giant of in
dustry awoke in the
United States in the 10Th
Century and its voice
echoed throughout the ma
ton. Towns and cities
which once had been rural
or agricul t ural were
aroused by the whirl of the
loom and the crash of man.
ufacturing engines.
Farmers and laborers without
previous training were thrust into
a newer, faster pace. The old
skilled craftsman was forced out
by the revolution Of mass produc-
ton.
A few voices cried out that the
industrial age would smash unless
there was some way to teach these
new trades and replace clumsy
hands with adept ones.
Labor, which had begun to or
ganize, was the first to realize the
necessity Of skill. BY 1888 the
movement for trade schools had
swept eastward to Indianapolis
and was being discussed by the
school board - rather indiffer-
emily, as a project which might be
considered some years in the fu-
ture.
Near the present site of Manual
Training High School group of
enterprising men founded what
was known as Mechanics Institute,
to teach mechanical drawing and
other allied crafts.
The founders we're in part a
group of Germans, part of a hardy.
thrifty band which came to this
country with great exodus from
Germany with the revolutions of
1648 there.
Active in the affairs of the In
stitute were D. A. Bohlen, Otto
Stechhan, DR.. Guido Bell, Her.
man Lauter, oscar Bauer, Joseph
Gardner, Jacob Becker, Herman
Lieber and Conrad Bender.
GO small was the school and so
- many were the demands upon
it, that it became impossible to
continue longer as a private en-
terprise. Mr.. Stechhan, a me-
chanic, a manufacturer and a
fighting progressive, became inter-
eSted in the movement for a free
trade school and threw his ardent
spirit behind it.
Buried in the records of the
School Board is the heroic story of
a long uphill fight. No one would
listen to Mr.. Stechhan. There were
no schools Of that type in the
United States-it was the imprac-
teal venture of a dreamer, most
people said.
Undaunted by harsh criticism
and even ridicule. Mr.. Stechhan
went to Europe for a year in 1888
to study the trade schools which
had long been a tradition in Eu-
rope. A century before the pow
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1935-02-11

trigued the Capital in many a
day.
Chief lobbyists are:
Senator William Edgar Borah
from the great potato state of
Idaho.
Rep. Lindsay Warren who
comes from the potato growing
seaboard Of North Carolina.
Rep. Ralph Brewster. hard
hitting Ex-Governor of Maine,
and the Bangor and Aroostook
Railroad in Maine. which hauls
more potatoes than any other
line in the world.
TWO of these were not, at
i first, enthusiastic lobbyists.
Senator Borah is not partial TO
crop control. He opposed the
Bankhead Act which limited the
domain of King Cotton, and
fought the Kerr Smith Act which
curbed tobacco.
But Idaho is one of the great
potato-growing states Of the
Union. and Senator Borah faces
serious opposition when he comes
up for reelection next year. So
dropping temporarily his cam
paign against the World Court,
the dean of the Senate went over
10 the potato conference at the
Department Of Agriculture.
MY state" he said, is very
much interested in potatoes. We
produce very fine potato. I am
not quite familiar with the plan
Mr.. Warren has offered. but can
say frankly that my state is in
terested in this situation"
More Of this from the veteran
parliamentarian, following which
he went back TO the Senate.
EVEN less enthusiastic about
Z potato crop reduction was
the Bangor and Aroostook Rail-
road. For it the transportation
Of potatoes has been a gold mine.
Even during the depression 1t
paid high dividends. Only over its
tracks can the crop Of Aroostook
County, most concentrated potato
raising area in the world, reach
market.
The railroad has lobbied Wig
orously aginst RFC financing OF
an extension line which would
break this stranglehold. AS a re-
suit OF this monopoly. rates be-
tween Bangor and New York are
four times as high-in proportion
10 mileage-as the haul between
New York and Idaho.
This year. however, a bumper
crop, plus low prices. loaded Up
the warehouses with 36.0o0,0 900
pounds Of potatoes. Most Of
them were controlled by the gov