davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-06-06
GLITTER OF GOLD

THIS is story with some highly
i important "ifs" in it.
If James Wilson Marshall had chosen
to build a sawmill on Capt John SUIT
ter's lands instead of going to "the
beautiful vale" Of Coloma, forty miles
away to do it. >.
II a mid-January flood hadn't nearly
swept away the mill-frame and brush
dam, making it necessary TO widen and
deepen the dry channel he had selected
for his tail-race.
Well, the course of American history
might have been entirely different!
But the fact is that Marshall did To-
cate the sawmill on a little stream in
the tiny California valley of Coloma and
there was downpour of rain in the first
month of the year 1913. At dawn on
Monday, January "A. Marshall went out
to see If the channel was satisfactory.
CHANGING idly at some of the earth,
excayated from the channel and now
washed down by the recent downpour,
he noticed some cleaning particles.
He looked at them more closely, then
sent back to camp for tin plate. He
banned" out some of the dirt In the
plate and soon had about a half-ounce
of the yellow fakes.
Eventually those yellow fakes re-
duced John Suffer, king" Of New Hell
vetia, and James Marshall to poverty.
But before doing that, they set whole
nation mad with an ancient lust, played
an important part in the slavery dis
pute that led to the Civil war and gave
TO the world the gold standard Of
money.
@ Western Newspaper Unioe.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-06-06

THE perfect costume for all-around
l. practical daytime wear has arrived
See it pictured herewith. It's the dress
with jacket that is fashioned Of the
now-sO-Stylish triple sheer print. The
Smartest, the neatest, the most sensi-
bic and serviceable, the most attrac-
tive and best looking are BETTING
words when ii comes TO describing
these jacket outfits.
There is not the slightest doubt about
the wisdom of including one Of the new
ingeniously designed jacketed costumes
in ones spring and summer wardrobe.
1t will prove an ever faithful standby
the illustration we are showing three
particularly good-looking models. They
are types that women can live in from
morning to night and always look we'll
groomed.
These brand new jacket styles are in
that famous fabric, triple sheer of
bemberg, which is expensive in looks
but not in cost. The material is pure
dye, cool, washable, or dry-cleans per-
fectly. if you so prefer. Furthermore,
it may be pressed with hot iron with
out fear of pulling or slipping at the
seams. And, oh, joy of joys, it is prac-
tically wrinkle proof and resistant TO
perspiratiOn.
The extremely good-looking jacket
suit TO the right in the group is the
sort that is ready to go places at a
moments notice. White pique spa
ghetti cordings and fastenings effective
~ trim the navy-with-white (other col
or combinations are available) sheer of
bemberg material. Bandings of self
fabric are stitched row-and-row on
net foundation for the sleeves, the
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-06-06
ICE-JAM

HF COURSE, an ice-Jam isn't Sucn
~ a trif1e, but the one which choked
the entrance to Chesapeake bay in the
winter of 1854 was insignifcant-if you
compare it's size to the broad expanse
of the blue Atlantic. However, it was
big enough and thick enough so that
a ship from London was held up for
two months before she could dock at
Baltimore.
One of her passengers was a young
German named Jacob Aston who was
going to make his fortune, beginning by
the sale of seven flutes he was bringing
with him. During the long days the
ship was held in the ice-jam, young
Jacob Aston had many long talks with
another young fellow, also German,
He was returning to America to re-
sumo his fur-trading operations in
which he foresaw possibilities for great
wealth because the Indians, he said,
were only too glad TO exchange valu-
able furs for the most inexpensive toys
and other baubles. Astor listened but
was not particularly impressed.
At last the ship reached Baltimore
and young Aston nastened on to the
metropolis of New York city. But his
venture in flutes was a failure. Then
he remembered the enthusiasm of his
fellow-German over the fur trade. He
guessed he'd try it.
He did. And within few years 1t
had made him a fortune OF more than
S2,000,0OO. Today the name of Aston
is a symbol for great wealth-all be-
cause an ice-jam held up the ship
which was bringing young German
immigrant to the shores of the New
world.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-06-06
Coarse Novelty Straws
Take Lead In Millinery

1t is the way of hats to be anything
and everything but ordinary. One of
the new lines-it's impossible to desig-
nate any one type as the newest-is the
hat with a brim which projects for
ward. Beret types are draped that
way.
Coarse novelty straws, some shiny,
some rough, are everywhere, but so,
too, are Milans. There are any num-
Der of stitched taffeta hats and unus-
ual felts.
The long threatened return Of trim
ming has come. Milliners have fol-
lowed the lead of the eouturiere and
are trimming with flowers.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-06-06
Latest Tips From World Fashion Centers

Flower holders for small corsages
are new and smart.
The beret and the sailor hat seem
to be the most popular models.
If you love pretty nighties-wear one
of lowered chiffon In soft pink
A thought TO keep in mind just now
is that twe-piece effects are very good.
Touches of white enliven the new
spring clothes for country as well as
town.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-06-06
.51IIS So
WORDS TO THE RESCUE

"That man is positively dishon-
est" exclaimed the visitor.
Your language is not in keeping
with our higher educational stand
ards" said Senator Sorghum. You
should say that he has not arrived at
the point of intellectual development
that would enable him to discrimi-
nate between the qualification of the
ego and the ethical responsibility TO
consider the needs of Others"
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-06-06
Lake Lusano

The Lake of Lugano is partly In TIA
Swiss Canton of Tcino and partly in
Italy. between Lakes Como and Mag
giore, into the latter of which ii dis
charges its waters. 1t is of irregular
shape and surrounded by wild and
beautiful scenery.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-06-06
Formal SwagRer Coat

The formal swagger coat is a pf-
quaint newcomer. Done in woolens
that vary from black TO palest blue,
with full sleeves and soft collars, they
flare and swing above the most elegant
of afternoon dresses.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-06-06

Capes have swung into the spring
fashion parade
Regency revers give a new look TO
the shirtwaist frock.
Mitts and parasols-we are rapidly
becoming more feminine than eyerl
Choosing the accessories for the new
suit or dress is going to be lots Of fun.
Navy blue and white shoes threaten
the supremacy of the classic brown and
white for summer.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-06-06
Power

"Why did that actress marry her
press agent?"
''She wanted security" said Miss
Cayenne. "She let him understand
that if his compliments did not con-
tinue to please her, he'd lose his
home and his job both at once"
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-06-06
Appeal to Unreason

I'm not sure my arguments are
convincing" said the campaign
speaker.
''Then quote statistics" answered
Senator Sorghum. MANY people viii
believe them rather than fdke the
trouble to understand them
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-06-06
Knew About Friday

Sunday School Teacher-Can you
tell something about Good Friday,
James?
James-Yes'm; he was the fellow
that did the Homework for Robinson
Crusoe.-Pearson's Weekly.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-06-06
Hibernate in Warm Weather

Animals do not hibernate solely
to escape the cold. In fact, some trop-
ical creatures hole up during periods
OF intense heat They knew that a
coming drouth win make feed scarcer.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-06-06
Meaning !?

Aphasia Vietim-I can't remember
VINO L am or where live, but here's
my wife's photograph.
Cop Cooking at it)-You're lucky
man.-Philadelphia Inquirer.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-06-06
Just Out of Sight

what do you think Of all this in
vestigation?"
at makes me kind O. nervous" an
swered Mr.. Dustin Stax. Prosper
ity Is just around the corner. Bat
SOS a policeman"
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-06-06
Practice and Theory

"You have a little brain trust of
your own?'
''Oh, yes" answered Senator Sor-
ghum, las a practical politician,
realize that Theoretical politics has
its appeal"
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-06-06
At the Bottom

FirSt-How's business?
Second-Bad-eyen the people
who never pay have stopped buying.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-06-06
Charity Organization

Tellit-That's the society for improy-
ing the condition of the poorl
Asker thought that was the mil
ionaires' club?
Tellit-It is; every member has a
dozen poor relatives.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-06-06
BIFF!

-Gruet is an unlucky fellow
Il should say so; he can find two
lemons where only one was handed out
before"
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-06-06
Not Close Enough

Sergeant-Did you shave this morn
ing?
New Recruit-Yes, sir
Sergeant-Well, next time stand q
little closer to the razor.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1935-06-06

g Western Newspaper Union
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1935-01-10

where they will spend a few days
visiting with Mr.. ConwelPs broth.
er whom he has not seen since
1919.
Mrs. S. ". Puette left Sunday
for Seattle where she is attending
the U. of w. She has spent her
vacation with her parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. George Tuttle.
Bill RAIDER and Mrs. S. v. Puette
were dinner guests Friday evening
of Mr.. and Mrs. r. B. Dighton.
Mr.. and Mrs. Loren McGhan are
the happy parents. of lib baby
boy, born Saturday morning at
the Pasco hospital.
Mr.. and Mrs. Herb Clark and
Loren were dinner guests Of Rev.
and Mrs. Hilbert Sunday.
Thad Grosscup received the sad
news Saturday that his father had
died very suddenly that day at
Tacoma. The cause was believed
to be an heart attack. Mr.. Gross
cup left at once for Tacoma and
Mrs. Grosscup and Thad jr. left on
Monday to attend the funeral.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Dam drove to
Spokane Sunday taking their
daughter Margaret and Willis
Muncey there to attend college.
While there they had nice, visit
with Mr.. and Mrs. Pike, former
residents of Richland.
The Saturday Night dinner club
met at the home of Mr.. and Mrs.
r. B. Dighton. Urban Koelker of
Kennewick were guests.
Mr.. and Mrs. r. R. Mcintosh en-
tertained at dinner Sunday Mr..
and Mrs. Sidney Relton and Mrs,
Relton ST., Mr.. and Mrs. w. l.
Muncey, Mr.. and Mrs. Watson, Mr.,
and Mrs. Harlan Muncey and Miss
Kathleen and Mr.. and Mrs. C. E.
Shanpe and Mr.. and Mrs. r. b
Dighton.
Con Prayer had telephone in.
stalled at his service station on
Thursday. The number is 422.
Mr.. and Mrs. Mann Of Benton
City were visitors at the e. M. Fill.
bers home Friday.
Mrs. Walt Shepherd visited with
her husband at Walla Walla or
Thursday. She reports Mr.. Shep.
herd as improving and that he will
return home this month.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harlan Burger are
moving into the apartments above
the Murray Hardware store.
Brainard Murray and Carl Erick.
son left Sunday for Pullman, where
they are attending college.
L. T. Richards returned to Seat
tie Sunday after visiting with his
family here. Mr.. Richards health
is much better when on the coast
Mr.. and Mrs. George Gress en-
tertained group of friends q,
their home on Sunday evening.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1935-01-10

day dinner guests of Mr.. and Mrs.
F. w. Larkin.
Mr.. and Mrs. C. S. Beightol and
family, Mr.. and Mrs. j. w. Root
and Margarete Root and Lyle Sim
melink were guests at the home
of Mr.. and Mrs. Roy E. Larkin.
Locuse Grove grange members
are urged to remember Pomona
grange at the Highlands grange
Friday, January II.
Florence May Smith is fully re-
covered from her recent illness.
Mrs. Henry Smith is somewhat
improved and has been moved 20
the home of her parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. Henry Liebel on the High
lands.
Mrs. M. v. Heberlein and Irene
called at the Gladding home Fri
day afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Albert Morgan were
guests at the II. D. Clodfelter
home Saturday.
1uSSCS 1OT Cuc Ol1eAOoy uAthSA
in honor of Marie Stafford at the
Stafford home Sunday were Mr..
and Mrs. Roy E. Stafford, Mr.. and
Mrs. Ellrie Stafford, Mrs. Turley,
Gilbert Clodfelter, Helen Hull and
Irene Heberlein.
Mr.. and Mrs. NJ. v. Heberlein
visited at the w. +. Moore home on
the Highlands Sunday evening.
There will be dance at the
Locust Grove grange hall Satur-
day, January 18th. Music by Shor-
ty LOSSES music.
Mrs. M. Simmelink attended a
shower for Mrs. Jimmy Dickinson
at the home of Mrs. j. C. Pratt on
Friday afternoon.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1935-01-10

years before she married Louis
Petitjean, who survives. She is
also survived by two sons and two
daughters, Alger and Leland, and
Elaine and Janette, and two sis
tiers, Mrs. C. r. Giddings of War
den, Montana and Mrs. Harriet AL
lison of Kennewick.
They have made their home at
512 West Dayton street for Ia
years, coming to Kennewick from
Warden, Montana. Mrs. Petitjean
was a member of st. Joseph's Ca
tholic church and a member Of the
Royal Neighbors lodge.
Funeral services will be held at
9 o'clock Saturday morning at st.
Joseph's Catholic church.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1935-01-10
MRS LOUIS PETITJEAN

Mrs. Louis Petitjean, SO, passed
away at the Pasco hospital We'd
nesday afternoon, where she had
been a patient since Tuesday aft
ernoon. Mrs. Pettitjean had been
in i'll health for a number of years
and had spent much time in the
hospitals and was confined to her
home for months, but during all
the time she was cheerful.
Beatrice Janette, Petitjean was
born April 4, 1882 at Arizona, Cam
ada. She was a graduate of the
Mount Pleasant normal school at
Mount Pleasant, Michigan and
taught school for a number of
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1935-01-10

The basketball game between
Finley and Pasco resulted in a
score of 1921 in favor of Finley.
Mrs. Ruby Chevez is visiting her
father in Richland.
The girls and boys basketball
teams played Benton City We'd
nesday evening. The girls team
of Riverview won lilo. The To-
cal boys lost by four points.
Oliver johnson and Dudley
Beal, with his house guest, Ken
meth Hoyt, returned to school at
w. S. C. Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Albert Piert en-
tertalned at dinner Wednesday,
complimenting Mr.. and Mrs. F.
Meyer Of Vancouver.
George Baze returned to Con-
nell Wednesday after visit with
home folks.
John Hubbard Of Springdale
Mrs. Gladys Fuller Of Hermiston,
Oregon, Harley Fuller and Todd
Fuller of Walla Walla and Mrs.
Kathryn jackson of Athena, Ore
gon returned to their respective
homes this week after being called
here to attend the fur eral Of 81. K.
Hubbard.
William Pinkston and family of
Seattle are visiting Bill Hubbard
and wife.
Russell Gutman Of the Naches
C.C.C. camp came home for q few
days visit. He returned January
9Th.
Mrs. Hattie Hubbard and son,
Glenn, went to Athena Sunday for
a few days visit with Mrs. Kath-
ryn Jackson.
The Townsend Old Age Pension
club meets Wednesday at the grade
school auditorium
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Meyer Of
Vancouver, Washington, who were
married January 1, are honey
incoming at the home Of her par
ents. Mrs Meyer was the former
Genevieve Piert.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1935-01-10

~
Mrs. Lance Reed and Mrs. Sid
ney Nelson are spending a few
days this week visiting at the home
OF Mrs. L. L. Kratzer.
Mrs. M. v. Heberlein was in
stalled as Noble Grand Of Althea
Rebekah lodge and Ralph K. SAT-
ford installed as Vice Grand Of the
LO.O.F. lodge Monday evening at
the joint installation of those two
lodges.
Mr.. and Mrs. r. r. Wooden and
David Wooden visited at the Roy
E. Larkin home Friday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. F. M. Simmelink
and Neil Simmelink and Mr.. and
Mrs. Roscoe Richmond were Sum
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1935-01-10

One of our friends in far dis
tant land tells us they read the
Richland news and remember Ger
tain friends as they are name.
This report has come to friend
here from Mr.. Theal ellis in Seoul,
Korea; the same place DR.. Rue of
Kennewick now is located. DR..
Rue takes the Kennewick Courier
Reporter.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1935-01-10
New Minister breaches
First Sermon Sunday
FINLEY

Rev. Bennett preached his first
sermon Sunday on "The Unfail-
ing Promises of God" Mrs. Ben
nett sang solo.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1935-01-10
A. A. Edwards Purchases
Tractor to Work Land
LOCUST GROVE

A. A. Edwards has purchased q
tractor. 1t was delivered from
Pendleton this week.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1935-01-10
Richland News Items

Residents vicinity invited give their district
greater publicity by informing the in the negnDo
hood of the happenings in the community
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1935-04-05
NORTH RAYMOND

Mrs. John Malcolm of Fort Peck
called at the home of her sister.
Mrs. ]. w. Brown, last Sunday
evening.
Alfred Stadstad motored to Plen-
tyw, od last Monday.
Word was received from Plcn,,
wood last Tuesday that Ruth VOID,
who is a high school student, nas
Zee! taken i'll with red measles.
Harold and Thelma Holland hav
been absent from school for the
last week, being sick with the red
measles.
Melvin Evenson. who was sent
as a delegate to the Farmers En-
Urgency Relief Conference at Sioux
Falls, S. D., last week. returned
home Sunday evening. He reports
the conference a huge success.
Mrs. ]. w. Brown was called tn
Plentywood last Monday everine
on account Of her mother. Mrs
Joe McBurney, who recently had a
stroke. Mrs. McBurnev is report.
ed as being seriously i'll.
Donovan Budke ard Milton Ev
enson who went to Fort Peck last
week, returned home Monday.
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1935-04-05

the workers in the cities by cutting wages to no
g and to break strikes when the workers fight for
uecehC WAGES. These farmers will become peasants,
eG and helpless at the mercy of Wall Street and forced
TO DO Wall Streets bidding
subsistence farming means having small garden
ana anu maybe cow 1t means having to go to the rehef
Office all the rest of your lives because the garden and
GO" VIII support if he is forbidden to sell products
1t means making peasants and serfs out of the Am
erlcan farmers. 1t giving up completely any
pendence
Wall Street and Roosevelt say that one-half of us
wnom they call surplus farmers must go to this sort
OF existence. Wallace Tugwell and Hopkins carry out
the orders that we must give up most of the rights
clippers.
All of Sheridan county is in that area that con-
Calns these surplus" farmers. The federal govern
ment Intends to take all the farmers out of Sheri-
IAN county and them to break strikes and cut
wages In the eastern cities. Every farmer in Sher-
ldan county is expected to quit farming and become
a Serf.
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1935-04-05
ing a copy of this letter to the
Producers News.
"Yours truly,
"Peter Madsen."

The above letter shows clearly
the reception farmers and work
ers, both native and foreign-born,
are giving the story in the Plen-
tywood Herald on the deportation
of the Producers News editor, Al
fred Miller. The falsehoods, half
truth and insinuations which the
Herald story is filled with, should
reveal to many the Herald's atti-
tude towards the farmers and
workers.
To the many who attended the
cooperative meeting at Dagmar,
the half-truths and insinuations
which can easily be followed thru
out the entire story, should defin-
itely show to them the stand the
Herald is taking, and has always
taken, in the struggle of the mil
liant farmers and workers.
Is it just mistake in judgment
on the part of the Herald. or are
they preiudiced against Mr.. Mil,
Tor? Did the story slip in, writ
ten nv an emplovee and without
tho earction of the employer, Mr.
Polk?
MOI The Herald story is RICH
in line with their usual policy o
1reari~p onint on all farmers ant
workers STRUGGLES, and if thew d
mint ANYTHING, it is deliberatel,
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1935-04-05
Farms Mean Serfdom to the Ameri
} BE MOVED IS THE WISH OF WALL STREET

The government can't do this all at once They
are buying up land now, but many farmers are
suspicious and do not want to listen to this talk about
subsistence farms.
The government acting agent for Wall Street,
tries to promote subsistence farms the Old OIL stock
statesmen tried to promote their sales. Already they
are moving whole communities into Alaska and other
places. They all sorts of excuses to buy up land
from the farmers and make them vacate such as set
ting up game preserves, to make the farmers think
their intentions are honorable
Right now in Sheridan county series of meetings
has been called to discuss such questions as Is there
too much land in use? How much government aid can
farmers expect? Can foreign markets be re-opened?
These meetings have only one purpose. They are
supposed to prepare the minds of the Sheridan county
farmers to the idea that serf life a subsistence
patch is the proper sort of life after putting in long
years of work on the praries and building home.
After the series of meetings is over another series
will likely be organized such questions as: Why is
subsistence farming such nice sort of life? Where
would the best subsistence farms be located?
By that time there will be some people in Sheridan
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1935-04-05
ARIZONA FARM
WORKERS STRIKE

PHOENIX, Arizona.-In the lettuce
fields in the Salt river valley, the field and
shed workers are striking. The sheriff's
deputies and special officers are on guard
in the lettuce fields armed with automatic
revolvers, rifles and tear gas guns. The
strike is led by the Vegetable Packers AS
ISOLATION, an A. F. of L. affiliate with more
than 400 members. Three workers have
already been arrested, charged with beat
ing a scab, John Butvales, who came from
the Imperial valley. Two of the workers
have been released, the third is still in
jail on a charge of aggravated assault.
Thomas ]. Croft, wartime president of
the federation and local attorney for the
international Labor Defense, has beer. re-
tanned as defense counsel by the Arizona
State Federation of Labor.
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1935-04-05

county who would be willing to trade serf life for tina
present life because of the continuous propaganda dnnnT
into their ears
The next step would be to simply hand out an or.
der that the farms shall be vacated and they would v
to cut off loans and relief By doing that the govern
ment figures they force off that much sooner
That is the program of Wall Street and the federal
government 1t is a cold, inhuman program and has
back of it the greed for profits of the money changers
that Roosevelt promised to drive out of Washington
We must stay on our farms. We must make those
responsible for the crisis return to some of the wealth
they have robbed of during the long years we worked
They must return that to and makes difference
to us whether they call it relief other name
Instead of allowing them to drive us onto sub.
sistence farms, will organize and force them to
pass our Emergency Relief Bill, HI. R. 3471, and we
will prove to them that there is still plenty of fight
in the Montana farmer when he is protecting his
home and his family.
Every farmer in Sheridan county should let
Ayers Wheeler and Murray know where he stands
serfdOm and subsistence farming, and that he
supports III. r. BAIL