The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-12-05
NEGRO SHIFT
 FROM SOUTH
 SETS RECORD
Greatest Change in Race Distribution Shown
 Bewteen 102O-3O

Atlanta, Ga, Dec. 4-(UP)-Ne- groes are leaving the southland in greater numbers than ever recorded by the bureau of the census in the past 145 years.
 Publication of a government pam phlet entitled Negroes in the United States, 192O-19S2" revealed a marked shift northward of the race. A trend from rural districts to ur- ban centers was noted.
 "The greatest change in the dis tribution of the negro race within the United States since 1790 oc- cured in the decade 1920-30," the report states. Previous to 1919, the proportion of the negro population resident in the south did not vary greatly from census to census.
 In 179O, the proportion living in the south was 9l.1 per cent, and this proportion increased in succeeding decades to maximum proportion of 92.8 per cent in 1880. It fell of in 1870. It dropped from 89 per cent to 85.2 per cent from 1910 to 1920, and to78.7 per cent in 1930."
 Trend Is Westward
 The principal direction of migra- tion has been westward, with the growth of the negro population within the south taking place in the east south central and west south central divisions. In 179O, of the total negro population, 88.9 per cent was in the South Atlantic states. In 1930, only 37.2 per cent was in these states.
 In 193O, the total negro popula- tion was 11,891, ,143, or 9.7 per cent of the entire United States popu- lation. This compares with 757,- POS negroes in 1790, or 19.3 per cent of the entire popualtion. Between 1920 and 1880, the negro popula- ton increased 1,428,012, or 13.6 per cent, as compared with an increase of 15.7 per cent in the white popula- tion.
 Tn 1930, there were 19 counties in which negroes constituted 75 per cent or more of the total population. Mississippi reported eight, Alabama six, Georgia two and Arkansas, Louisiana and Virginia one each. In the 1920 census there were 36, and in the 1910 census, 53.
 Fewer Till Soil
 Between 1920 and 193o, the num- beg of negro farmers decreased 4.6 pag cent. Negroes operated 3.8 per cent of all farm lands in the coun- try in 1930. There were 882,8 ne- gro farmers, who constituted 14 per cent of the total, while the negro population represented 9.7 per cent of the total population. Of the num- beg of negro farmers, 98.7 per cent ware in the south; 1.3 per cent in the north, and 0.1 per cent in the west.
 The value of land and buildings fde farms operated by negroes in 1g340 was $1 ,402, ,945, ,799, which was 37.9 per cent les sthan in 1920. The value of farm products sold, traded, or used by the families of colored farm owners in the south amounted to $119,415,311.
 Negroes constituted approximate ly one-flfth of all prisoners received from courts in 1930, 1881 and 1892. The number received from courts per 1000 population indicates that three times as many negro males as native white males were cofnmit- ted to prisons and reformatories. The ratio for negro women was four times that for white women.
 Racial Factor Involved
 "The high commitment rate shown for negroes is probably in some degree due to the combina- ton of. lower economic status, less frequent use of other forms of penal treatment, and unfavorable race at titudes on the part of the white race" the report says.
 For the United States as whole, 60 per cent of the negro population 5 to 20 years of age, attended school in 1880, as compared with 53.5 per cent in 1920, AT per cent in 1910 an donly 9.2 per cent in 1870.
 In the total negro population in 1880 there were 54,439 school teach CTS; 25.034 clergymen; 10,583 musi- clans and teachers of music; 5,728 trained nurses; 3,805 physicians and surgeons; 2.146 college professors and presidents. 1,746 dentists, and 1,230 lawyers, judges and justices. Nearly 40 per cent of the physicians and surgeons were located in seven northern states-New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Illinois and Missouri, and the Dis- trict of Columbia.
 Of the 9,292, ,446 negroes 10 years fage and over, 1,513,892, or 16.3 per cent, were reported illiterate, compared with 2,789,68o. or 81.4 per cent in 1870. South Carolina re- ported the highest percentage of il- literacy for 1880, having displaced Louisiana. Alabama and Louisiana occupied second and third places, respectively.