davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1935-04-21
BY PERRY A. FELLOWS.
Administrative Oficer. Works Divisi,
F.E, r, A,

r. E. r. A.
w YITH 250,00O people on relief
NA/ and a very acute problem
wv of local destitution to con-
tend with, the Puerto
Rican Relief Administra-
tion, which has figured prominently
in the news recently, reports an ex-
tensive relief program carried on in
cooperation with the various depart
ments of the insular government for
improvement of health and living
conditions of the mass of the poverty
stricken population thu loughout the
island. Not satisfied with merely CIV
ing relief, the administration has de-
voted its efforts to the giving of jobs,
wherever possible, as we'll, and at the
present time more than 10000 heads
of families, representing about three
quarters of the people on the relief
rolls, are employed on useful work
projects.
Certain special conditions contrib
ute to make the task of the Puerto
Rican Emergency Relief Administra-
tion, known as the p r. E. r. A., par
ticularly difficult. The island suffers
seriously from overpopulation, with
100000 people crowded into an area
purely agricultural, about twice the
size of Lcng Island. and this situa-
tion continually grows worse because
of the high birth rate which adds
Evening star., 1935-04-21

House Of Commons: Strachey must
be thanking the Roosevelt administra-
tion for the immense increase in the
sale of his books.
1t is little difficult to be wholly
serious about these propagandizing
aliens just for the reason that so many
good people take the matter almost
tragically. If it were a question of
the right Of free speech and nothing
more it would have serious II not
tragic aspects. and the situation as
it is cannot by any means be ignored.
I believe profoundly that freedom of
speech. liberty to pass on our thoughts
and beliefs to others without any re-
straint. is one of the most precious
possessions which gradually develop
ing civilization has given US, and that
the loss Of this free speech in the
nations which consider themselves
most advanced" is the best proof
that they are really reactionary:
On the other hand, I must recog-
nize that the state is compelled to
put bounds to my liberty of speech
because otherwise I might be infring-
ing on the rights of a great many
other people who are quite as impor-
Evening star., 1935-04-21

~ ENEVA.-The nope OF closer
American cooperation with
u 7 the League of Nations, which
~ bloomed when President
Roosevelt officially joined
the International Labor Office, has
again been abandoned in League cir
cles, both as result of authoritative
information from Washington and
the context of official notes which
have passed between the State De-
partment and the League secretariat.
According to the highest authority
here the immediate policy of WASH
ington in respect to the League is
that Of strict observance of existing
political facts. That policy has Just
been reiterated in the reply of Prem
tiss Gilbert, So-called consul general
of the United States at Geneva, but
actually sort of high commissioner
for the State Department at the seat
of the League.
Replying to the invitation of the
Advisory Committee of the recent
extraordinary assembly to Washing
ton to participate in its efforts
under the Covenant-to settle the
Chaco warfare between Bolivia and
Peru, Gilbert's note says:
Since the Advisory Committee was
constituted by an organ of the
League (the Assembly, under the
terms of the Covenant (Which the
United States has not signed) and.
since it is empowered to make pro-
posals, recommendations or communi-
cations to the League tof which the
United States is not member), the
American Government docs not find
It possible to collaborate in the work
of the committee"
The closest Washington will come
to collaboration with the Leagues
committee Is summed up In the fol-
lowing sentence:
Evening star., 1935-04-21
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
HUGE RELIEF BARRIERS
Densely Populated Area Gets Benefit
of Broad Program of Jobs,
Housing and Health.

40, 900 hungry mouths to the popula-
tion every year. Some 1900. 900 per-
sons are constantly living at q bare
subsistence level.
Crops Greatly Injured.
In addition to this endemic trou-
BILE. Puerto Rico has had to face the
ruin Of its chief agricultural indus
tries, either through natural calamity
Gts coffee plantations were wiped out
by the hurricane of 1889 or economic
dislocation following in the train of
the depression. Its citrus fruit pro-
duction has been we'll nigh wiped out
by competition with an overproduc-
tion in Florida and California. Its
tobacco industry suffers similarly be-
cause of Cubas low cost. heavy crops
and the drop in prices of tobacco
generally; its sugar industry, and
sugar is the most important of its
four major crops, still struggles to
maintain itself. but with great diff
Guilty, in the face of a world d-wide
decrease Of sugar prices
These conditions made it necessary
for the work-relief program not only
to undertake every type of work prof.
ect undertaken on the mainland, but
a good many more specia]ly suited to
local conditions.
Most important has been the health
work, especially the attempt to bring
under control the scourge of tuber-
culoSiS, which aff1icts a large part of
the population. P. r. E. r. A. has
built 10 tuberculosis hospitals, which
will accommodate more than 1000
patients. The island Health Depart
ment, which suggested that this work
be done, calculates that these hos
pitals, with their modern equipment.
including X-rays. can take care of
$500 patients annually. In addition
a sanitorium to take care of 200 pre-
tubercular cases among children Is
now being built. Fifteen other hos
pitals have been rebuilt and extended
and q large annex has been added to
the School of Tropical Medicine in
San Juan. More than half Of the
1000 tuberculosis cases reported an
nually can now be properly cared for.
The question may be put, why
does Puerto Rico suffer from so much
tuberculosis in a mild climate. with
no frost or severe weather." The an
swer Is to be found in the malnutri-
ton, bad housing and overcrowding
and the consequent easy communica-
ton of the disease to weakened con-
stitutions. Other serious diseases the
islanders have to struggle with are
malaria, filariasis, hookworm. typhoid.
pellagra and dysentery. In the fight
against malaria 100000 has been
spent in draining and filling swamps,
especially near large cities, and
through furnishing Of free quinine
and medical service to $4,000 malaria
patients.
Typhoid and hookworm have been
(Continued on Ninth Pase.)
Evening star., 1935-04-21
BY WILLIAM r. CASTLE, Jr.,

Former United States Under Secretary Of
State.
TINE Secretary of State is more
interested in his reciprocal
tariff treaties than in any
L other phase of the work Of the
department. He would get a
lot more publicity and would, perhaps,
do as much for the Nation spiritually
as his tariff treaties are supposed to
do materially If he would embark on
the negotiation of series of recip-
rocal free speech treaties.
As it is now, there is no system
whatever in the admission of speech
making aliens, and every administra-
ton which attempts either to keep
them out because, for one reason or
another, they are supposed to be
trouble makers, or to stop them if
they become too talkative after ad-
mission. gets itself into trouble
Count karolyi was very painful to
Mr.. Hughes 10 years ago: Saklatvala
achieved far more reputation by rea-
son of his exclusion by Mr.. Kellogg
than because of all his venomous
speeches in Hyde Park and in the
Evening star., 1935-04-21
u. S. GAINING GOOD WILL
BY PAN-AMERICA POLICY
Roosevelt Administration Rapidly Win.
ming Confidence of Southern
Republics by Fairness.

United States were very discreet-un-
usually so, in comparison with their
other Latin American policies. But,
as matter of principle, in the Platt
amendment were inherent the ele-
ments which make up for imperialism
and oppression. The Platt amend
ment potentially made Cuba a de-
pendence of the United States.
Its sudden abrogation, therefore. in
the midst of recurrent domestic dis
turbances in Cuba. reassured the Latin
Americans as to the sincerity of the
good neighbor" policy announced by
President Roosevelt and Secretary
Hull.
Peace Efforts Brought Praise.
Further evidence of that sincerity
was found in the sympathetic atti-
tude of the State Department toward
the peace efforts of the League of
Nations in South America. Revers-
ing an old and avowedly hegemonic
policy-veiled by a misinterpretation
of the Monroe Doctrine-the State
Department did not oppose the activ-
tiles of the League in successfully car
rying out the amicable settlement Of
the Leticia incident between Colombia
and Peru, and in trying to restore
peace between Bolivia and Paraguay in
the Chaco.
1t is true that this change had been
forecast for some time. Since the
beginning of the Hoover administra-
fioy, tho Ctoto nopo ~ ~, ont hod hccp
trying to shelve that particular mis-
conception of the Monroe Doctrine
which reserved to the United States
alone the final saying on any purely
American controversy. Yet, the ap-
proval with which it viewed the
Leagues efforts during the last IL
months. the support that, to a GER
tain extent, it gave them, was the
first actual confirmation of the change
of attitude (even though the Senate
afterward denied it, and in that
sense it was hailed throughout Latin
America.
In his vacation cruise last year,
President Roosevelt visited three Latin
American countries, Haiti, Panama
and Colombia, and in the first two
had an opportunity to hear from
President Vincent and President Arias
some of the causes for the resent
ment prevailing there against past
policies of the United States.
Soon after the presidential cruise,
the last United States Marines re-
manning on Haitian soil were with
drawn, even before the date scheduled
in an existing agreement between the
two countries. That fact and the
promise of q "New Deal" in the
financial arrangements which still
bind Haiti to Wall Street bankers,
gained more Latin American good will
for President Roosevelt, even though
CONTINUED on Third Page.)
Evening star., 1935-04-21
BY GASTON NERVAL.
EWSPAPER readers must have
been somewhat puzzled by the
contradictory statements and

| COltl duiCCOly StdtcHlCuIS duu
4 reports on the progress of
pan-Americanism which they
have seen printed upon the celebra-
tion of Pan-American day. They
would have been in a better position
to understand the difference of opin-
ions If they had made the proper
differentiation between the two kinds
of pan-Americanism which were
meant.
If one has IL. mind the real mean
ing Of pan-AmericaniSm, that Is, the
degree Of understanding, friendship
and mutual cooperation existing
among the people of all the American
republics. the conclusion cannot be
avoided that we are today just as far
away from that goal as we have ever
been.
If, on the other hand, by pam
Americanism is meant, as it generally
is, the amount of good will and har-
mony prevailing in the official rela-
tions of the Government of the
United States with the governments
of the other American republics, it
is undeniable that the record of the
"pan-American year" which ended
last week was one of improvement.
Diplomatic Relations Gain.
1t is this latter conception, of
course, the one which predominates
in the public mind when the term pam
Americanism is mentioned. Because
it is so, and because we have already
discussed the lack of progress in real
pan-Americanism, let us review,
briefly, the gains in the diplomatic
relations of the United States with
the Latin American countries since
the previous observance of PAN
American day.
The abrogation of the Plat amend
ment must be listed first. The Platt
the right to intervene in Cuba for the
preservation Of Cuban independence,
the maintenance of a government
adequate for the protection of life,
property and individual liberty and
for discharging the obligations with
respect to Cuba imposed by the treaty
Of Paris. It prohibited the supposedly
sovereign government of Cuba from
entering into any treaty or other
compact with any foreign power or
powers in deteriment of Cuban inde-
pendence, or permitting the establish
ment Of foreign military or naval
Judgments in the island, other than
those given the United States. It
forbade the Cuban government from
assuming or contracting any public
debt for the service of which its cur
rent expenses were inadequate.
It must be admitted that in their
Interpretation and in their use Of
these rights, the statesmen Of the
Evening star., 1935-04-21

Continued on Ninth Page.)
Evening star., 1935-04-21

CONTINUED on Third Page.)
Evening star., 1935-04-21
Public Still Undecided.

If you have ever seen a political
meeting where the candidate was
scheduled to speak but was delayed
and minor orators had to be drafted
to hold the crowd until the hero ar
rived you will understand the British
role at the present hour. In this
instance it Is the British public which
must play the stellar role and it
Evening star., 1935-04-21

10000 hungry mouths to the popula-
tion every year. Some 1900. 900 per-
sons are constantly living at q bare
subsistence level.
The Washington times., 1935-11-25
League Opens Dec. 8

The Government B ske b all
League will open it's season De
cember 8. All teams representatives
are asked to get in touch with
Ralph Foster at the Y. M. C. A.,
where all games will be played.
The Washington times., 1935-11-25
SIX IN BIG GEM
RAID NABBED

NEW YORK, Nov. Is G.N.s.O
Six cracksmen shambled into the
police lineup today, after an en-.
counter with police who snagged
q daring attempt to garner ST.
100000 in precious gems in the
Diamond Center Building.
A Bowery patrolman saw the
men, one by one. saunter into
the building. AS darkness fell
occupants of the building closed
their shutters and left for their
homes-but not the six men.
After hours of waiting. a police
squad raided the structure, hous.
ing offices of many diamond mer-
chants. A rough and tumble
fight ended with subjugation of
the burglars and capture of a
quantity of cracksmen's tools.
The captives identified them
selves as Max Price. Philip zieg-
Ter, Peter Kodak, Charles Cohen,
Jake Finkel and William Taylor.
The Washington times., 1935-11-25
ARMY TO GEL
NEW PLANES

Delivery of new and speedier
fighting planes to strengthen the
United States Army Air Corps will
begin January /, it was revealed
today by officials of the War De-
partment.
How many of the 314 aircraft
under construction would be ready
by that date could not be learned,
but officials said it would be "sev-
eral planes at least" and that
others would continue to arrive
weekly until the full number had
been delivered.
Addition of the 314 planes will
place the total number of aircraft
available to the Army at 1,721.
New planes will include 103
bombers, 10 attack planes, 80
training craft, and II observa-
tion planes.
Even with these additions, the
Army Air Corps will have a total
of only 523 modern planes. OF
the 1,407 now on hand the War
Department Officially recognizes
209 as modern" weapons of Of
fense and defense.
Of the remaining aircraft on
hand the department clasSifies
296 planes as experimental, serv,
ice test planes, obsolete or as
signed to other tactical units
Others are in service but are not
considered effective weapons OF
war.
Contracts for the 314 new
planes we're let during the spring
and summer. A few of the new
planes. including several bombers,
have not been officially accepted
by the Air Corps.
Speeds to be required before
acceptance of the new planes are
not disclosed at the War Depart
ment. The modern" bombers
now in service are capable of not
less than 200 miles per hour, pur-
suit planes the same speed, the
attack ships ITS miles per hour,
1t is the unofficial understand
ing that the new pursuit and at
tack ships will be required to
show a speed Of at least $50
miles per hour.
The Washington times., 1935-11-25

Companies is a common law trust,
which holds 81 per cent control
of the local gas company. The w.
& S. stock is owned by Chase
Bank associates IN Intricate fash
ion so that the La Toilette anti.
merger law prohibiting a foreign
corporation from owning more
than 20 per cent of a local utility
is not violated.
When advised the auction was
scheduled, Chairman Riley E.
Elgen, of the P. U. C. wrote At
tor1ey Dean. requesting tie COM
mission be advised as soon as
possible Of the identity of the new
owner. In reply, Attorney Dean,
after the sale, wrote the 1900
shares had been purchased by Out
water & Wells, of Jersey City,
N. j.
The Washington times., 1935-11-25
Ras Seyum's Forces Rout
Three Italian BattaIions

Adds ABABA, Nov. IS.
G.N.SJ-Troops of Ras seyum,
one of the three commanders of
the Ethiopian northern forces,
routed three Italian battalions
north Of Makale yesterday" an Of
ficial government communique as
serted today.
Ras Seyum, with some 10000
warriors, is believed to be conduct
ing guerilla operations from the
mountain faStnesses Of the Tenn
biens.
1t was stated the Ethiopians
crept up and surrounded the
Italians, who were enjoying a
feast of roast oxen stolen" from
the villages of the Halowa region
north of Makale.
The Ethiopians, it was claimed
opened fire from all sides, killing
CONTINUED on Page 2. Col. -
The Washington times., 1935-11-25
8 M|LLERS
V|CT0RS IN
FIRST TILT
Brandeis, Cardozo and
Stone Dissent From
Temporary Ban
International News Service


The Supreme Court today tenn.
porarily enjoined collection Of rice
processing taxes under the
amended AAA law, thus imperil.
ling the whole system Of process
ing tax collection.
The action was taken upon ap-
plication of eight Louisiana rice
r1illers, who are attacking the
eonstitutionality of the levies.
At the same time, the high
court granted review of decision
of the fourth Circuit Court of
Appeals directly presenting the
question of the constitutionality
of the amended law.
The case also involved the
question Of whether provisions OF
the amended AAA law, prohibit
ing courts from enjoining process
ing tax collections. was valid.
Three Dissent
A third constitutional question
involved is whether provisions OF
the amended law prohibiting tax
refunds unless professors show
that they had not passed the
taxes on to the consumer were
valid.
Justices Brandeis, Stone, and
Cardozo dissented from the &C
ton of the court in granting the
temporary injunction.
The court set the whole matter
for argument on December is.
This action is expected to speed
a decision on the constitutions
atty of the amended AAA law,
which became effective Aug. "a.
The courts Injunction was is
sued with conditions designed to
protect the Government,
Court Holds Taxes
The companies must pay the
taxes monthly to a depositary
appointed by the court, so that
the Government will not lose in
the event the law finally is held
constitutional.
The Washington times., 1935-11-25
NEW CHINA
STATE IS
FORMED
Mobs Protest Action;
Marking Government
Delays Action

Copyright. 1895. BY International News
Servicel
TUNGCHOW, China, Nov. rs.
G.NS1.-A pro-Japanese autono-
nous state of 4,o0O, 900 people was
formally inaugurated today in de-
fiance of Marshal Chang Kai-
Shek, China's war lord, but the
new ship Of state Immediately
sailed into troubled waters.
Chinese officials became alarm
ed when Maj Kenji Doihara, sup
er-representative Of the Japanese
Army, appeared in Pieping this
afternoon. Chinese leaders were
confident he had arranged the
autonomy movement, embracing
5000 square miles of territory be-
tween Pieping and Tientsin.
Efforts were made to spread
the autonomy movement, but
they ran into difficulties at Tient-
sin, where 800 agitators, under
banners Of "the Self-Defensive
Peoples Autonomy Association" I"
seized the auditorium in the
native city and planted a ma
chine gun outside.
Japs DispeI Mob
Then they marched upon head
quarters of the peace preserva-
ton corps and upon municipal
offices. Officials were at loss
to deal with the mobs, but the
demonstrators departed after
Japanese military officers arrived
at the request of the Chinese.
Officials said the demonstrators
came from the japanese conces-
sion.
A council of nine, sworn in by
Commissioner Yin Ju-Keng, to
govern the new state, issued a
manifesto to the nation denounc-
ing the Kuomintang government
for six Grimes"
Misuse of Loan
OQ6 O1 GIlS CLldISCS WdSA GlldG
the American cotton and wheat
loan was used Ito enrich the
Nanking officials and impoverish
the people through lowered native
prices"
The state, which is called "the
eastern Hopei anti. Communist au-
tonomous council" also accused
Nanking of developing Commu-
nism in China through stirring
class struggles.
Tension was high in official
and diplomatic circles, but so far
no hint that force might be en-
ployed to crush the movement
was Forthcoming from Marking,
and the Capital" city of Tung'
chow, only a dozen miles east Of
Peiping, was quiet.
The population of some 4,000.-
900 in the wedge-shaped area of
nearly 5000 square miles was
hardly aware of what was going
on. The usual traffic continued
on the Peiping-Tungchow Road.
CONTINUED on Page 2, Col. y
The Washington times., 1935-11-25
p. U. G. May Trace Gas
Shares i'm Court

In an effort to ascertain iden-
tity of the true owners of 80 per
cent control Of the Washington
Gas Light Co., which changed
hands last week, the Public Utili-
ties Commission today threatened
to go to the District Supreme
Court.
The commission was told in a
letter from Arthur H. Dean, of the
New York law firm of Sullivan
and Cromwell, which represents
outside interests controlling the
local company. if it wanted to
find out who the new owner is, it
could do so itself.
Last Wednesday, 1900 shares of
Washington & Suburban Com
panies beneficial shares were sold
at auction in Jersey City, N. j.
The Washington d Suburban
The Washington times., 1935-11-25
6. @. P. EYES SET
ON CLEVELAND
BY GEORGE r. HOLMES
International News Service

The Republicans who meet
here three weeks from today to
start the preliminaries of the
'36 campaign probably will select
Cleveland as the site for the
national convention in June. A
number of other cities will be
bidding, but at the moment
sentiment for Cleveland is strong
and growing stronger.
Politically, geographically and
sentimentally. Cleveland has an
appeal to the Republican Ma
tional Committee. Ohio, for
once, has no favorite son, and
thus is politically neutral terri
tory. 1t is far enough west to
get away from the Atlantic sea-
board and still be considered
west of east and east of west.
Picked Coolidge There
Then, on the sentimental side,
it was in Cleveland in 1924 that
the Republicans nominated the
late Calvin Coolidge and later en-
barked upon one of their golden
eras. The Republicans of today
like to think of Cleveland and "a
and what followed-until '32.
Chicago and Kansas City have
entered Republican calculations
for convention sites. but because
of the candidates that are more
or less linked with those two cities
the present disposition is to rule
them out in favor of Cleveland.
Kansas City Is adjacent to Kan
sas, which has a grade-A candi-
date in the person of Gov. ALI M.
Landon. Chicago and Illinois Of
fer Col. Frank Knox, Chicago pub
Usher.
Money Coming Easy
The Republicans, while they
need money, nevertheless are in
a position to be somewhat indie
pendent of financial considera.
CONTINUED on Page 2. Col. s.
The Washington times., 1935-11-25
SERVICE DELAY
SNAGS SUIT

Declaring that Mrs. Anne Cooke
Nixon. third wife of Capt. Thomas
Hay Nixon. is "purposely evading'
service of court process in the di.
vorce suit of Captain Nixon's Sec
ond wife, Attorney James M.
Earnest, the latters's counsel, to-
day asked the District Supreme
Court to appoint a special officer
to serve the papers.
The present Mrs. Nixon spends
most of her time with her mother,
Mrs. Frederick DeWalden Cooke,
in Chevy Chase, Md. although her
husbands apartment is at Stone
leigh Court, the court is told. and
deputy marshals have not sue.
ceeded in serving her with papers.
Captain Nixon is being sued by
his second wife, Annette Pauline
Nixon, and a supplemental bill,
filed recently, names the present
Mrs. Nixon as correspondent. The
supplemental bill was filed shortly
after the recent mistrial of the
suit, when Attorneys w. Gwynn
Gardiner and Vincent A. Sheehy,
opposing counsel, engaged in a fist
fight in the courtroom.