davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker., 1935-02-04
No Crisis

"The good fortune Of our country
is that we have no crisis as other
countries that our national economy
as a whole. especially our industry
not only did not experience any de-
cline for a single year, but on the
contrary. grew from year to year
and moved forward with steady
enormous pace.
''We have no plants or factories,
blast furnaces or Martin ovens
that are not working, or going to
wreck and ruin because 1t is not
profitable to work them. We con-
tinue to increase the work Of our
functioning enterprises. But the
existing plants and factories are
insufficient for us. We are build
ing hundreds and thousands of
new enterprises and a year does
not pass without starting to build
new giants of Soviet industry,
giants of eIectrification, Of ma
chine construction, in fnetallurgy,
and chemlcaI pianbS.
"New industrial districts and
towns seem to spring out Of the
ground. The backward regions
and districts are going into the
ranks Of the advanced.
National culture en- socialist
basis, which is beginning to flour
ish, represents an unprecedented
sight outside the boundaries of the
Soviet Union and world history
generally. TApplause.l
"The rise in our economy finds it
general reflection in the big growtl
of the national income. In the fou
years elapsed the national incom
grew from 35 million rubles to $
billion rubles last year, that is, /
has increased SO per cent. In tn
same period the state budget in
creased four and a half times.
The daily worker., 1935-02-04
Best Wages, Unions
In World -Schvernik

ApECtAAA W Nup RNAy VbAhcAf
MOSCOW, Jan. 30 by Wire
less) NO capitalist country can
show growth like ours in produc-
ton, in union membership, wage
levels, and living standards. The
workers deputies come to this
Congress with victories TO re-
port which no other country can
boast Of"
This was the general line Of ths
report of n. M. Schvernik, Secre-
tary of Trade Unions in the Soviet
Union to the All-Union Congress 9f
Soviets late this afternoon. Applause
rose from the whole Congress when
he ascribed socialist construction to
the leadership of the Communists
Party and particularly to Joseph
Stain, its General Secretary.
Schvernik pointed out that "al-
though wages were only partial
measure of the improvement in the
conditions of the Soviet worker, still
wages rose 81 per cent in the last
four years. and this cannot be dis
regarded, especially as the wage
level in the United States last year
was only 734 per cent of the 1923
level"
''The country of the Soviets has
no unemployment. The Soviet
Union is land of really free
labor, whose one will and desire
is the construction of Soviet in
dustry," Schvernik said.
The trade union leader described
in detail the social insurance of
which the unions were placed in
charge more than yea- ago. The
insurance budget was higher by two
million rubles IN 1884 than in 1882
he pointed out. Last year i,16O00C
workers went to free rest homes a1e
$4,000 to health resorts, SchverniR
stated. Every Soviet worker receives
two weeks to one month Of vacation
from work With full pay
The daily worker., 1935-02-04

School teachers: Introduce the
Daily worker TO your colleagues
Explain its role in fighting fascist
tendencies In the schools. Ask your
feIIow-teachers to subscribe.
The daily worker., 1935-02-04

Continued on next page.)
Evening star., 1935-01-27
TO DRAFT
PLANS ON SECURITY
State Delegation at Nashville Conference Begins
Intensive Study to Recommend
. Legislation.
BY HEYWOOD BELL,
Associated Press STAFF Writer.

ICIMOND 26-An intensive study OF Social
security legislation recommended to the Virginia
General Assembly its meeting next January II not be-
y fore, being projected at the Virginia capitol ~
The Virginia delegation of dozen men and women VINO
attended Secretary of regional conference in
Nashville this week that their eyes were
opened"
Evening star., 1935-01-27
BALTIMORE SHOWS
BIG CASH SURPLUS
Saving in Governmental
Functions and Salary Cuts
Build Up Reserves.
BY J. C. DEPONAI.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
BALTIMORE, January 26.-In clos
ing the year with a surplus of over
two and a quarter million dollars, Bal
timore probably set a record not equal
ed by any other city in the country
last year.
The surplus, to be exact, was $780,
016, and this was accomplished with
out the curtailment of any necessary
governmental functions of the city
and with a reduction in salaries OF
municipal employees of only 10 per
cent.
1t was brought about, according to
Mayor Howard w. jackson, by econo-
mics in the operation of the various
departments of the city, the savings
in appropriations ranging from S cents
in the Bureau of Highways to $99,-
1863 reported by the Bureau OF Chari-
ties.
No Bank Borrowings.
The total of appropriation balances
at the end of the year was 1888 ,028.
The largest saving was $203, ,279, which
had been appropriated for interest
payments on short-term borrowings
from banks. Since revenue last year
always suffced for needs, no money
was borrowed from banks.
Thirty-five bureaus and agencies
supported by the tax levy had unex-
pended remainders of appropriations
at the end of the year. No agency ex-
ceeded its appropriations. The police
department had balance Of 81 cents,
the States attorney $523 and the
supervisors of elections $2,551. The
School Board had surplus of 27,082'
The estimate of surplus made in No
vember and included in the 1885 bud
get as an item of revenue was slight
ly exceeded, the final figures show.
The surplus estimate was $2,366, 900.
Actually it was $2,389,016, of which
$2,005, 1888 was revenue in excess OF
budget requirements. The balance was
the unspent part of the appropriations.
SS,277,533 in Banks.
At the end of 1884 the municipality
had $3,277,533 on deposit in banks.
This amount, in addition to the sur
plus, included $51 ,188 to meet obliga-
tions carried forward from last year
and $837,328 Of special funds. The
cash balance at the end of 1884 was
nearly 100000 more than at the end
of 1888.
Evening star., 1935-01-27

their jobs, or. if employed by private
institutions, fear irking him SO that
retaliatory schools may be established
to embarrass their employers.
The Square Deal Association was
born after mass meeting of en-
ployes of the Standard Oil Co, who
had gathered to protest the levying
of an occupational license tax of
5 cents barrel on the manufacture
of oil had been told that most of
them would be dropped Immediately
from the refinery pay rolls while the
companyS activities would be shifted
to States more interested in their in
duStrieS.
An Employees Committee which had
conferred with Senator Long earlier
in the day, announced that Long and
company officials had reached an
agreement whereby refining opera
tionS would 60 forward, and sought to
adjourn the meeting.
But Earl O'Quin, a refinery laborer.
rose 10 chair and called for "a
leader" to rid the State of the man
who had brought about the uncer-
tainty of employment at the refinery
Il amt got the education" he
shouted, "or I would take the lead my
self. I want somebody to come for
ward who has the training to lead"
1t was in response to this that young
Bourgeois came to the front. One by
one others trying to speak were
,quieted as the crowds turned their
attention to the dark-haired, fiery
tongued. clean-cut youth, whom few
had seen or heard before. Instantly
he was the leader.
A temporary organization was form
ed, and a mass meeting was called for
the next night. At that meeting Mrs.
Roussel mounted to the platform.
shouting that she and other women
would march in front of the men if
the time ever came for them to en-
gage in physical encounter with the
State administration.
From the permanent organization
Continued on Page 6, Column ~
Evening star., 1935-01-27
Gun Parts Rem0red to Guard
Arsenals From Gang Raiders
Director Hoover of Federal Bureau of
Investigation Bares Recent Thefts of
>1,O37 Rifles and Other Weapons.
Rv the Associated press

BY the Associated Press.
~ HICAGO, January 26.-Mili-
tary orders have locked the
doors on a possible source of
gangland weapons, authori-
ties here disclosed today.
The orders, issued following the
revelation of raids on National Guard
armories in various parts of the coun-
try in the last year, have made the
contents of Guard arsenals no more
dangerous than so many sticks of
wood in the event they fall into
criminal hands.
All armory weapons except those
now strapped to the sides of custo-
dians and their aides have had their
key parts removed.
Trigger assemblies were ordered out
of Browning automatic rifles, a favor
ite with outlaws. Bolts were jerked
from Springfield rifles. Automatic
pistols were robbed of their firing
pins and hammers were taken from
the regulation Army revolvers. The
parts are now locked in sturdy safes
or slowed away in secret hiding places.
Vast Equipment Taken.
J. Edgar Hoover, director of the
Federal Bureau of Investigation, re-
Gently said that 1,037 rifles, many Of
them automatics, hundreds of pistols
and ammunition mounting to thou
sands of rounds, were clandeStinely
removed last year from armories. The
greater part of the stolen armament
is still missing and in possession of
criminals.
Almost every major clash with
gangs has found officers facing fire
from stolen military weapons in the
hands of their illicit owners.
After nearly every such fight
weapons have been seized still bear
ing the stamped identification Prop
erty of u S. Army" officials here said.
Purloined Browning automatic
rifles, "big brothers" of the Thompson
submachine guns favored in criminal
circles, allowed Ma" Barker and her
gangster son, Fred, to hold off Fed
eral agents for six hours in Florida
resort before they were slain.
Three weapons of the same type,
all stolen from Army arsenals, were
found in a Chicago apartment after
Russell Gibson, Barker-Karpis
hoodlum, was killed as he attempted
to fight his way through ring of
Federal agents. All were loaded with
"dum-dum" bullets, bullets whose
noses had been purposely blunted to
infiict f1esh-tearing wounds.
u. S. Weapon Struggled.
In California 45-cahber automatic
pistol, its blued slide still bearing the
mark, Property of U. S. Army" was
among those smuggled to group of
prisoners for use in making an un-
successful break from the State prison.
Records of the Bureau Of Investi-
CATION and Of local authorities tell
Of many other similar cases in which
weapons stolen from National Guard
quarters were found. S.
Evening star., 1935-01-27
PROMINENT MEN IN ROSTER.
Committee Hopes to Get Results
Without Need of Violence

Committee Hopes to Get Results
Without Need of Violence.
(CopyriRht, 1885 New York Tribune Incl
BATON ROUGE, La, January 26.-
The Square Deal Association has its
headquarters in unpretentious Offices
on the fourth floor of a downtown
Baton Rouge Office building, in con-
trast with the new S5,000,000 capitoi
SkyScraper which houses the major
departments of the Long administra-
tion.
There are no glass-covered desks
of American walnut, nor red-leathered
upholstered chairs, nor cleaning mod
ernistic mirrors inside the room
whose door bears the handpainted
words: Square Deal Association of
louisiana"
In the Square Deal Office there is
no stenographer to inform the caller
that their chiefs are busy and there
are no pistol-bearing bodyguards near
their leaders, both of whom are SO
familiar in the capitol.
From the ranks of the unemployed
came the organization's president,
Ernest j. Bourgeois, whose name in
the language of his Gallo ancestors
means "the people"
Bourgeois, 28-year-ol electrical
engineering graduate, who had strug-
gled during the depression to support
his family, even digging bitches under
the Federal Emergency Relief Admin
istration, took the lead in the new
organization, which was formed after
he had lost his job at the Baton
Rouge refinery of the Standard Oil
Co. when the company discontinued
construction work as the result of
Senator Longs tax on the manufac-
ture Of oil.
A slim, titian-haired Louisiana
housewife, Mrs. j. S. RouSsel who,
like Bourgeois, has never taken part
in politics, heads the women'S divi-
sion. A mother of four small children
she manages to run her household and
still pass many hours daily in the
Square Deal offices.
Nom Political.
The membership is made up of men
and women who are dissatisfied with
things as they are in this State and
who are willing and not afraid to come
out into the open and say so. The Or
ganization has no political aspirations,
for its officers have declared that they
will not accept public office, and has
no candidates.
Against this organization is a
powerful network of State employees,
whose relatives and connections eX-
tend to most homes in the State; its
, membership is far fewer than those
who are satisfied with the dictators
Evening star., 1935-01-27
GEOGRAPHIC CENTER
OF STEEL LOCATED
Has Followed Population Shift
Toward West for Years,
Study Reveals.

NEW YORK, January 26.-The cen.
ter of gravity of the steel industry,
calculations made by the American
Iron and Steel Institute show, Is in
Crawford County, Ohio, north and
west of the town of CreStline. This
point is southwest of Cleveland.
This is the geographic center for
producing steel ingots by the BesSemer
and open-hearth processes. The in
stitute reveals, calling attention also
to the observation that the great con-
centration of capacity in Pennsylvania
and Eastern Ohio is balanced by the
capacity on the Pacific Coast and by
the mills in the Chicago district.
Since 1874" the institute remarks,
"the center of the steel industry has
moved steadily toward the West.
This westward movement resem-
bles a similar shift Of the center of
population. Since 1870 the center of
population has moved 100 miles to the
West from a point 48 miles east of
Cincinnati to a location In Greene
County in the southwestern part Of
Indiana"
Evening star., 1935-01-27
SINGLE SENTENCE
KEEPS NEBRASKA
FREE FROM DEBT
100000 Limit on State
Credit Guards PeopIe-F.E.
R.A. Change Seen.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
LINCOLN, Nebr.. January 90
Debtless Nebraska, the envy Of many
of her sister States, owes it all to her
constitution makers of nearly two
generations ago.
Preparing her budget for the COM
ing biennium, the Cornhusker State
is consequently unworried today by
necessity for reckoning in a heavy
bond service charge. 1t even has a
surplus in its treasury.
A single sentence which lawmakers
inserted in Nebraska's constitution
prohibits pledging of the States
credit for more than 100000. Be
cause of this the State has ridden
through war and peace, drought and
plenty without issuing a dollars worth
of bonds.
Roads on Cash Basis.
A SlO.000000 capitol was erected
here over a period of IL years. 1t was
paid for, section by section, by annual
tax levieS. The States road-building
program likewise is strictly on a pay
as-you-ride basis. A Accent gasoline
tax, a share of motor vehicle license
fees and Federal aid provide the funds
for highway construction.
Unemployment relief, which piled
large debts upon some States, so far
has not forced Nebraska to go to its
treasury. The counties have borne
the entire burden of supplementing
Federal aid funds to date. The F. E.
R. A., however, recently insisted the
State share in the expense, and pos
sibility looms that Nebraska may have
to appropriate about s2,000.000 from
its treaSury-without major increase
in taxes.
Surplus Can Be Used.
State Treasurer George E. Hall has
estimated a million to million and
a half dollars could be appropriated
from surplus funds for relief work
without seeking new taxes. Other
State officials, however, favor keeping
the surplus to tide over the govern
ment in poor tax-collection years.
Nebraska's government, aside from
road building, is supported by gen.
eral property tax. 1t has no income
or sales tax. Tentative estimates in
dicate the State budget from tax
sources will be about S4,500,000 a
year for the next biennium.
Charles w. Bryan, on his retirement
as Governor last January 3. an
nounced no State department had a
deficit and described NebraSka'S credit
as second to none of the States in
the Union
Anticipation of levied taxes is not
barred by NebraSka'S constitution, but
no warrants have been registered in
a decade by the State government.
Nebraska's cities and counties are
permitted to issue bonds, but only
after the proposals are approved by
the voters.
Evening star., 1935-01-27
HILL COUNTRY GETS
BRIEF PROSPERITY
Regulations Against Barrels for
Whisky Is Blow to Cooper
age Business.
BY the Associated Press.


ST. LOUIS, Mo, January 90
Prosperity, which rode into the hill
country of Arkansas, Missouri, Ken
lucky and Tennessee on the fat back
Of a whisky barrel stave, has gone
"ridin' off up the holler," leaving a
bewildered populace in its wake.
Demand for whisky barrels, brisk
with the return of legal liquor, has
fallen off drastically. Manufacturers
blame N. r. A. codes for the distilled
spirits industries and Treasury De-
partment regulations, which they say
glass bottles.
Prosperity pays few visits to the
hill country. When it returned with
repeal there was rejoicing in the
Ozarks and Big Smokes; happiness
in the Appalachians, the Cumberlands
and the Alleghenies.
The mountain country buzzed with
activity as axes felled choice tough
forked-leaf white oak, which grows
only on the north side of hills and
mountains in the high country"
Stave mills sprung up in great
numbers.
They soon shut down, partly or
completely. The eooperage industry
is bitter.
Leslie E. Bryant, representing one
of the largest Arkansas concerns, with
headquarters in Clarksville, says 'the
wooden barrel has been regulated
almost out of existence. With it has
gone the stave business"
v. w. Kraft, large Missouri op-
orator, declares that approximately
rs per cent of the stave mills in the
producing region have been partially
or wholly shut down." T. w. Boswell
of Springfield, Mo-, relates SIM
liar story.
N. C. Blanchard of Chattanooga,
Tenn, comments that 'the lack of
demand for Bourbon barrels has COM
pletely destroyed a potential market
for the timber owned by the hill
people" a
Evening star., 1935-01-27

Precedent for organizing the Square
Dealers along military lines may be
found in activities of members of the
White League of Louisiana more than
so years ago.
The White League was formed to
overthrow the carpetbag government
which veteran residents of Louisiana
regarded as oppressive. Its members
first tried constitutional methods to
place their friends in State offices, but
when these methods failed they took
more aggressive action.
Companies and battaions of the
league were formed quietly. Officers
who had served the Confederacy un-
dertook to drill younger members of
the league These military prepara-
tionS were not in vain, because when
the White League faced the metro
politan police on September 13, 1874,
its members needed all the training
and arms they had been able to OBJ
tain.
The White League.
The White League battalions de-
feated the carpetbag constabulary in
a battle whose center was on Canal
street. What is known locally as the
Liberty Monument marks the spot on
Canal street where fighting was
heaviest.
Shortly after the battle the white
residents placed in Office the Governor
and Lieutenant Governor whom they
had elected. Several of the carpetbag
leaders who had escaped death in the
battle hurriedly left the State.>
One marked difference in the poll
cieS followed by the White League
leaders and the Square Deal ASSocia-
ton officers is obvious to persons who
have studied the organization of the
league.
Drills by league members were con-
Quoted in secrecy, and no public an
nouncementS were made by its Off
GERS concerning its plans. When the
first drill of Square Deal Association
members was called at Baton Rouge
several days ago, among curious per-
sons attending were officials of the
Louisiana State Bureau of Criminal
Identification and Investigation, re-
garded by opponents of the Long re-
gime of the metropolitan police of this
day and age.
Military Drills.
officers of the association. however,
cut their public drill short and as
sserted that members were called to
meet at the Baton Rouge Airport in
order that their names. telephone
numbers and addresses might be OBJ
tanned.
The association units in Baton
Rouge, West Feliciana Parish, Avo-
yelles Parish and Iberville Parish, at
the present, seem more active than
other units which have been organ
iZed. However, it may be that their
officers are giving more publicity to
their activities than the officers of
other units.
Officers in command of the State
association, of which the local units
are parts. continue to express gratifl-
cation with the progress of their work,
asserting that they will obtain action.
but explaining that this action does
not necessarily involve violence.
PROMINENT MEN IN ROSTER
Evening star., 1935-01-27
Practical Slaughter House.

WALTERS. Okla. P).-Jim Thur
man, Walters farmer. built such a
practical slaughter house that most of
the other farmers in the community
use it. The building has scalding vat,
cleaning platform and dressing table
arranged so that no heavy lifting is
necessary.
Evening star., 1935-01-27

LOUIS A. DEXTER,
19-year-old student at the Univer-
sity of Chicago, is looking forward
to the March examinations because
then he will receive a degree of
bachelor of Science, after only one
and two-thir'>s years Of study.
Evening star., 1935-01-27
COLLEGE STUDENT
CHANGE IS NOTED
Seriousness of Mood and
Real Work SuppIant Old
Rah-Rah Spirit.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
EVANSTON, Ill, January 26.-The
rah-rah college boy of 1929 would be
a homesick and lonely lad on a cam
pus today.
So says DR.. D. T. Howard, director
of Northwestern University's personnel
department.
It's all because of the SOLDERING effect
of the depression. DR.. Howard ex-
plains.
Among Northwestern's several thou
sand men students this year, he fig
ures fully As per cent are earning part
or all of their expenses-some with
the assistance of F. E. R. A. funds.
Evening star., 1935-01-27
LOUISIANA CITIZENS MASSINC AGAINST DICTATORSHIP
"SQUARE DEALERS" HOPE
TO RID STATE OF LONG
Running High in Many Sections-Governor
Warned Action Will Be Taken.
BY GEORGE HEALY, JR.

Special Dispatch
IEW ORLEANS La January 26-The Square Deal ASsocia
ton newest organization Louisiana opposing policies
the Huey p Long regime is organizing its units along
a military lines, but probably excluding
of the association knows how far the will
how long it will last.
Officers of the association whose first unit formed
by oil company employees whose jobs endangered by ega
December Legislature
to be following Louisiana precedent in building their
Evening star., 1935-01-27
Concerned With Future.

college students of today-and this
applies to the women, too," he says,
ARE vitality concerned in their pros
poets after graduation.
Their whole outlook has changed
and they have dropped whatever COM
placency their predecessors may have
had in believing there is always place
in the world for the college graduate,
They know better now"
DR.. Howard's work brings him into
more intimate contact with the indi-
vidual student than any dean or pro-
fessor on the campus, although he has
no disciplinary authority. 1t is his
responsibility to listen to the inner
most problems of the students and give
advice.
Long a member of the psychology
staff, he has watched several genera
tions of college students come and go
and is familiar with the worries of
an Observation-Disclosures they be
caused by a course in algebra or a
violent affair of the heart.
To assist him, DR.. Howard has two
trained counselors, Mrs. Alma Persing
for women students, and William Minis
for men. The stories told these two
are treated conf1dentially and are not
available to the various deans.
One thing the personnel department
has discovered about students is that
they are still as undecided about their
careers as ever.
"But they never leave without a
definite objective" says DR.. Howard.
Most students don't find themselves
until they are well along in their COL
lege work. Many potential engineer
has ended up as a lawyer and vice
versa"