The Waterbury Democrat., 1935-09-06
Typewriter Exhibit
 To Open October 2
Three State Industrial Concerns to Show Evolution of
 Industry From Early Stages to Present Time

Three industrial concerns oper- ating in Connecticut produce over 70 per cent of the typewriters in the United States. The evolution of this industry from the crude and cumbersome machinery of an earlier day to the practical office | devices now in use, will be an in- teresting exhibit at the tercentenary industrial exposition at the state armory, Hartford, October to 12 At the exposition there will be shown also the precision and skill with which parts are made and fitted for the machines which have simplified business practices every where.
 Many interesting experimtnts and much ingenuity were required to bring the machine to the present state of efficiency. Queen Anne of England granted a patent to Hem ry Mill, an English engineer, in 1714 for, "An artificial machine or method for the impressing or tran scribing of letters singly or pro- gressively one after another, as in writing" This is the earliest known record on q predecessor of the typewriter, but no further trace of the Englishman's invention has been found.
 A Frenchman of Marseilles, Xavier Projean, patented "Klypo- graphic" machine which contains many features now used in type writers, such as type wheel and type bar. In the United States, AL exander Bain and Thomas Wright produced writing machine for use in connection with the telegraph; |; Charles Thurber produced writing machine; Oliver T. Eddy of Balti- more produced writing machine, and Dr. Samuel Francis of New York built one that exceeded the speed of a pen. But all of these forerunners of the modern speedy machine had the two faults of be- ing over-cumbersome and much too slow to be practical.
 Christopher Latham Sholes, with a background in the printing and publishing industries, and a repu- tation as a cultured and unselfsh gentleman brought a wealth of patience and persistence. to the in fancy of the typewriting industry and lived to see it strong and thriv- ing. SholesA and Soule were prin- ters wirking on an invention which would successfully number serially u e pages of blank books or simi- lar material. At the same time, Carlos Gidden of Ohio was work ing on device to replace the blow, and his curiosity about Shole's in- vention, in addition to an editorial in the Scientific American, are be- lieved to have been the incentives | which cause all three to combine forces and work on a writing ma chine.
 A skilled mechanic named Matt hias Schwalback lent his aid al Kleinsteuber's Machine shop in Milwaukee. Schwalback had pre-. viously worked with Sholes on his paging machine and soon produced a crude apparatus in 1887 which actually worked and wrote accu- rately. A friend of Sholes who was an oil operator, editor and pub- fisher. James Densmorc, purchased an interest in the machine and helped to promote it.
 Edison Was Help~
 l Thomas A. Edison, who had g shop in Newark, N. J., gave Sholes some valuable assistance. At tho same time F. Payson Foster, dean of American telegraphers, demon. onstrate the typewriter. An em. l ouk were sent. Thus began the union between the typewriter and tele. graph.
 Densmore wrote to Philo Rem. ington, president of the F. Rem. ington and Sons of Ilion, N. Y. asking for an opportunity to dem. onstarte the typewriter. An em. ploye. Henry Harper Benedict, saw the typed letter on MT. Reming. toms desk and urged his superior tc examine the machine which he did Remington bought the rights tt make the machine from Densmort and Sholes, and William K. Jennt produced 1t for the concern. The first catalog describing the type. writer said that 1t was fin size ana appearance as resembling some. what family sewing machine and also said, 1t, is graceful ant ornamental--a beautiful piece O furniture for office. study ol parlor."
 Mark Twain owned and used { typewriter but wished to keep tht matter a secret, as did many of hi contemporaries who were unwill ing to accept the pen substitute too readily. In letter to 10. Rem ington & Sons in March, 1875, h. said: q have entirely stopped us ing the type writer for the reason that I never could write lette with 1t to anybody without re ceiving 8 request by return mai that I would not only describe tn machine but state what progress
 had made in the yse of it, etc., etc I don't like to write letters, ant so I don't want people to knoy I own this curiosity breeding littl joker." <.
 The most difficult thing for tn early manufacturers of typewriter to do was overcome . universa sales resistance and antipathy t' anything which replaced the com parativeiy inexpensive pen. A Ken lucky mountaineer returned hi first typewriter letter with the fol lowing literary gem; You don