davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1934-03-05
The French Debt.

News of interest to the United States
Treasury arrived during the week end
from Paris. For the first time since
France defaulted in December, 1882,
to be considering how to grapple with
the question of the war debt owed to
this country. These excellent inten-
tions are attributed mainly to the in
fuence in the new Doumergue cabinet
Of Vice Premier Herriot, who sur
rendered the premiership a year and a
quarter ago when the Chamber of
Deputies refused to approve his pro-
posal to pay the debt inStallment then
due at Washington. M. Barthou, the
Doumergue foreign minister, is said to
be seconding the Herriot debt policy,
as Is also Finance Minister Germain-
Martin. The attitude of NJ. Doumergue
himself has not been revealed.
The Paris cabinet Is thought to be
awaiting President Roosevelt's pros
pective war debt message to Congress
before taking up a definite position
on resumption OF payments. There is
talk, meantime, of symbolic pay
ment,' evidently the French idiom for
the token payments which Great
Britain and Italy have made as ac
knowledgments on their part that
their respective debts are alive, valid
and unrepudiated.
International discussions, of primary
importance to France, are imminent.
They concern disarmament and trade.
With respect to both questions the
United States is now active. The
Roosevelt administration has evinced
Americas readiness to join Great
Britain in promoting an arms agree
ment and peace in Europe. Wash
ineton, too, is by way of entering into
negotiations with Europe, if Congress
permits, for reciprocal tariff treaties.
1t may well be that the new debt
mood crystallizng within the French
government is not unrelated to arma-
ment and trade considerations and
that these explain the reported anxiety
Of N. M. Herriott, Barthou and Ger
main-Martin for AN early restoration
Of Franco American friendliness."
Frances cynical disregard Of her in
debtness to the United States, while
other countries were making at least
symbolic payments on account,
created an unfavorable impression
here. If there is to be any competi-
ton for American good will in
forthcoming international discussions.
the Doumergue government would
strengthen the French case with Uncle
Sam by doing something to rehabili-
tate Frances good name at the Treas
ury Department, and in Congress,
with which final decisions on debt
matters rest.
Evening star., 1934-03-05

Recognition of the right to organ
ize requires intelligent defense against
the agitator whose purpose is to dis
organize. hoping to remold the scheme
of things entire, nearer to the hearts S
desire. Plain prose must suffice in
practical matters. 1t must be OBJ
served that there is no poetry in an
income tax return, and, occasionally,
not quite enough truth.
Evening star., 1934-03-05
WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS
BY FREDERIC WILLIAM VILE.

find SAuterne, claret and champagne
listed as of yore on the menu cheek
by jowl with the food courses Ex-
cept for the White House scribes' rule
of no speeches at their parties, the
occasion would have been a test of
the theory that repeal would restore
after-dinner wit and wisdom as an
American art lost with prohibition.
A stirring new march. We're on Our
Way" dedicated to President Roose-
velt and the new deal, was played for
the first time at the dinner under the
baton Of the composer, Frank l..
Black. chief orchestral conductor Of
the National Broadcasting Co. "On
Our Way" is the title of F. D. RS
new book.
Senator Bob" La Toilette will face
an old family foe in Wisconsin this
year II former Gov. Francis E. Nc
Govern captures the Democratic SEN
atorial nomination. The latter's can
didacy will mark the recrudescence Of
the La Toilette -McGovern feud. In
1912 Mr.. McGovern, Milwaukee law
yer, started out by favoring Fighting
Bob La Toilette for President. but
switched to the Roosevelt Bull Moose
camp. In 1914 he ran for the Senate,
but was defeated, due, it was thought.
to La Toilette influence. In 1925
McGovern tried to prevent the selec-
ton Of Young Bob as his fathers
successor in the Senate. In the en-
suing regular election in 1928 he un-
successfully opposed the present Sen
ator at the polls. AS an enthusiastic
supporter Of Franklin D. Roosevelt In
1892, and an avowed Democratic
nominee for the Senate, McGovern
would present a dilemma to the
administration If it had any thought
blessing bestowed upon his brother
progressive, Hiram johnson. Like
johnson, Senator La Toilette has
been a loyal and effective backer Of
Roosevelt recovery legislation. He
has grown steadily in political stature
since he entered the Senate as the
baby member nine years ago.
\ X
Jail breaking, John Dillinger's lat
est houting of the law out in Indiana,
gives impetus to the various proposed
Federal anti-crime measures now
pending in Congress with the recon-
mendation of the Department of JUS
tice. The crook fraternity as class
notoriously has far healthier respect
for Uncle Sam and the long arm Of
the Federal law than for mere State
jurisdictions. Drastic Federal stat
utes like the Lindbergh kidnapping
law, Washington authorities feel,
cramp the style of desperadoes of the
Dillinger ilk, with their contempt for
sheriffs and county jails.
Representative George B. Terrell,
Democrat, of Texas, uncompromising
foe of the Roosevelt administrators
monetary policies, refuses to see in
the heavy oversubscription of new
bond issues any prima facie proof Of
the Governments gilt-edged credit.
In the House the other day Mr.. Ter
rell suggested that the people are
placing their money in Mr.. Morgen-
thau's bonds because they don't want
to put it into business. under present
conditions" Mr.. Terrell was one of
the two House Democrats who voted
against the gold reserve act in jan
uary.
(Copyright. 1934)
Evening star., 1934-03-05
Seeing the President.

Traditionally, cat may look at a
King. But be that as it may, there
can be no question about the desire
OF the masses of the population to see
their rulers. In democratic countries
and in monarchies alike, the same
psychological principle appears to be
at work. People like to inspect for
themselves the individuals whom
Divine Providence, accident or politi-
cal enterprise have brought to power
as chief magistrates, dictators or
kings.
The history of the human race
might be written in terms of COVER
nors on parade. From the very
earliest of recorded times it has been
. custom for the commonalty to
turn out In force to witness the
"nnarch past" of the occupants of the
seats of the mighty. The spectacle
Invariably has been worth the bother.
Alexander surrounded by his cap
tains, Caesar with his lieutenants,
Napoleon with his marshals-who
would not be happy to attend a free
show so distinguished, so colorful, so
impressive?
Nowadays, it is granted, much of
the splendor Of former generations
Is dead. There are no Roman tri-
umphs of the exuberant character Of
the era Of Augustus. Even the pro-
cession which Gen Grant led down
Pennsylvania avenue in 1865 has had
no duplicate within the memory of
living persons. Only Mussolini may
be accredited with keeping up with
the imperial style of the past.
Yet millions throng to catch a
glimpse of citizen sent by the cleo
torate to occupy the White House.
and 1t is pretty generally conceded
that they have had ample justifica-
ton for so doing. American Presi-
dents, as a rule, have been worth see
inR. Mckinley, for example, was a
stately figure; Theodore Roosevelt had
his famous smile: William Howard
Evening star., 1934-03-05
Opinion Is Sharply Divided
On Stock Market Regulation

Opinion on the stock market regula-
ton bill is sharply divided. but appar-
emily a slight majority favor amend
ments restricting the scope Of Federal
control over the exchange and allow
ing a greater degree of self-regulation.
In opposition to this point of view.
many observers take the position that
Wall Street has had ample oppor-
tunity to institute reforms Of its own
and having failed to do this. nothing
but Government regulation will meet
the present need
THE call of President Roosevelt to
Congress for legislation regulating the
Stock Exchange Is applauded by all
American masses" says the Portland
Oregon Journal, but the Chicago Tri-
bune thinks that those who are advo-
eating wholesale regulation Of the
stock and commodity exchanges are
inclined to overlook the immensely
useful, and, indeed. valuable services
which these organizations perform"
The Columbus Evening Dispatch is
doubtful whether so strong bill Is
necessary or whether the exchanges
the security exchanges especially
are able and willing to regulate them
selves sufficiently to make such q
measure unnecessary" The Asbury
Park Evening Press insists, on the
other hand, that nothing offered thus
far by the New York Stock Exchange
indicates that 1t is capable of self
regulation" and suggests that what
ever concern it shows now is perfume
tory, inspired by q desire to escape
rigid regulations" The Philadelphia
Record is inclined to agree, feeling
that Wall Streets history rules out
Wall Streets arguments against Gov
eminent regulation of the Stock Ex-
change" and the Buffalo Times asks:
If self-regulation by the Stock Ex-
change will work in the future. as
opponents of Government regulation
assert, then why have not those self
imposed and much publicized reforms
worked during the last few months?"
But the indianapolis Star declares
that "n the congressional critics Of
the Stock Exchange are sincere In
merely wanting to protect the public
and to insure against excessive specu-
lation, they should be for Mr.. Whit
ney's proposal" The Boston Tran
script likewise approves of Mr.. Whit
ney's bill for "a new semi-govern-
mental control board Of seven men,
bers." The Philadelphia Evening Bull
letin points out that this would not
be the self-regulation previously sug-
gested by Stock Exchange interest,
and to which the ready answer is that
the exchanges have proved incompe-
tent adequately to regulate them
selves" but a joint body represent
ative Of the people, the cabinet, the
Federal Reserve System and the ex-
changes, with presidential control Of
four members out of seven and ex-
change control Of but two"
While hardly expecting that the
measure presented by the exchange
officials will be substituted for the bill
now under consideration, the Lowell
Courier Citizen suggests ut might be
desirable at least to use 1t as fund
Of suggestion from men who really
Evening star., 1934-03-05
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
Ira Diavolo Extinct.

Ira Diavolo Extinct.
The bandits who are profered
For pictorial display,
Are very seldom offered
In a picturesque array.
Their cars are large and floppy-
When for photographs they sit;
They should seek beauty shoppe
And fix up a little bit.
Their foreheads are too narrow
For an intellectual hint.
Their whiskers need a harrow
And they usually squint.
We feel a desolation,
AS We seek for the sublime.
We demand a restoration
OF the poetry to crime!
Evening star., 1934-03-05
Does Tammany Seek a New Deal :?

In this era OF new deals Iammany
district leaders and the executive
committee of that ancient and benev-
olent organization have reached the
conclusion. it is reported, that it is
time for them to get in step. John
F. Curry, who has been leader of
Tammany Hall during its sorriest
years, is to be asked to step aside,
resign and permit another to be chosen
in his place Mr.. Curry, who is In
Florida on a vacation, has other ideas
in his mind. He is no gutter and the
chances are that If the Tammany boss
is to be replaced in his present Office
ne must be thrown out on his ear.
Mr.. Curry came into the leadership
Of Tammany Hall back in 1929.
Judge George Washington Olvaney
had determined to resign. Alfred E.
Smith, most famous of the Tammany
members, had been defeated for
President and, it became apparent,
also defeated N his desire to build up
a new Tammany." So when the dis
trict leaders came together to decide
upon Judge Olvaney's successor, they
did not consult Mr.. Smith. They went
ahead and picked district leader of
the old school for the new Tammany
boss. 1t was rather bitter fight, with
three candidates or more in the field.
But Mr.. Curry came through win
ner. Edward j. Ahearn, one of those
who is now seeking to oust Curry, was
at the time a principal contender
against Curry for the place.
Tammany fell on evil days during
the Curry leadership. Charges Of graft
and corruption were developed. A
Evening star., 1934-03-05

In declining to accept the patriotic
idea of prize award to an individual
for crime prevention work, Director
Hoover frankly adheres to the old
impression that a detective should
be better known for his dark lantern
than for his spotlight.
Evening star., 1934-03-05
Company Unions.

Senator Wagner of New York, chair
man of the National Labor Board.
has introduced in the Senate a bill
to strengthen the hand of labor in
collective bargaining with the employ
ers of labor The Congress, in the
national industrial recovery act, def
nitely wrote into law the right of la
Dor to collective bargaining. But since
that act was written company
unions" have been on the increase,
unions whose establishment has been
fostered by the employers of labor
and which have no affiliation with
employe organizations in other plants.
Furthermore, insistence on the open
shop" where workers are employed
without affiliation with any union, has
been restated many times. 1t is la
bor's claim that under the operation
of the N. R. A. the practical func-
tioning of collective bargaining has
not been good.
The New York Senator in his new
bill, which he declares is his own and
not a product of the National Labor
Board, seeks to nail down and make
collective bargaining with its en-
ployers. 1t seeks to eliminate all
doubt as to the legality Of the closed
shop, the shop where membership in
a labor union is sine qua non to en-
ployment. 1t proposes to do away en-
tirely with company unions by pro-
hibiting employers from participating
in or influencing the organization of
the workers. And it goes still further in
the present demand that employers
listen to the demands of employees,
seeking really to compel such hear
ings. The Wagner bill is designed to
meet many Of the objections of organ
lied labor to the present operation
of the N. R. A.
Having accepted the principle of the
right of collective bargaining on the
part of labor. the country, which
includes the employers, can scarcely
reject the right of employees to Or
ganize in order to carry forward such
bargaining And yet that right has
been resisted for years and con-
tinues to be resisted There is not
the slightest doubt that the forma-
ton of the company union has
been the answer of many employers
of labor to the demand for organiza-
ton and collective bargaining. A
union the activities and officials Of
which are dictated, directly or indi-
rectly, by the employers Of labor can
not be considered an organization for
collective bargaining A bargain which
a man makes with himself cannot
be called a bargain in the true sense
Of the word. The company unions
are, as a matter Of fact, part of the
employer set-up in any establishment.
1t has been asserted by speakers rep
resenting labor at the N. R. A. hear
ings this week that company unions
have increased 180 per cent since the
beginning Of the operation of the
national recovery act, with its de-
mand for collective bargaining be-
tween employer and employe, whereas
the independent unions have in
creased only rs per cent. If this be
true, it would appear that many en-
ployers are still strongly resisting the
fundamental idea of collective bar
gaining or of bargaining at all for
what they pay for labor and for what
labor sells its services.
Evening star., 1934-03-05

@. In what connection does the
statement, BE Of good cheer" which
Herbert Hoover telegraphed to former
Postmaster General Brown on the
occasion Of his appearance before the
Senate Investigating Committee ap-
pear in the Bible?-J. B.
A. The words were spoken by Jesus
to the man sick Of palsy, Matt, ix2;
to the disciples when He walked on
the water, Matt, xiv27. and to the
disciples at the Last Supper Just be-
fore the dispersion and the betrayal,
John, xvi33.
@. Have Dun and Bradstreet COM
bined?-G. F.
A. The we'll known commercial
agencies Of Dun and Bradssreet were
merged March 8, 1893.
Q. What machines will give out
more energy than that put into them
". w.
A. There Is no machine that will
yield more energy than is put into it.
II there were, perpetual motion would
be produced. which is physically i'm
possible.
@. Who said 1.-THE life of the law
has not been logic; it has been ex-
perience"?-F. A. F..
A. 1t may be found on the first
page OF Mr.. Justice Holmes book
called The Common Law"
@. Was the McGuffey of the Nc
Guf1ey's Readers ever a professor at
the University of Virginia?-B L. w.
A. From 1845 to 1873 he was pro-
lessor OF mental and moral philosophy
at the University of Virginia, Char
lottesville. Va.
Q. How can a person arrange to
pay postage on a reply to a letter
sent abroad?-R. M. M.
A. The official postal guide saws
that an international reply coupon
may be purchased (price, 9 cents( at
post Offices, which, upon presentation
at post Office in any of the coun-
tries OF the Universal Postal Union
will entitle the person presenting the
coupon to receive without CHARGE a
postage stamp or postage stamps of
that country Of sufficient value to pre-
pay a letter Of the first unit of weight
from the country Of origin of the let
ter addressed for delivery in this
country. By this arrangement a per-
son in the United States can furnish
his correspondent abroad with a post
age stamp with which to prepay post
age on reply to his letter.
@. Is phonetic spelling in business
letters deemed incorrect?-G w
A. If phonetic spelling is consist
emily used throughout correspondence,
1t Is not regarded as incorrect, provid-
ing the words are those which have
been acted upon by the Simplifed
Spelling Board.
@. When and where was the phono-
graph invented?-R. B.
A. The phonograph was invented
by Thomas A. Edison at Menlo Park,
N. j., in 1877, and the first phono-
graphs were made there.
@. What is the forest area Of the
world? How much is cut over in the
United States in a year?-K. B.
A. The Forest Service says that the
worlds forest area amounts to $780,
600 900 acres. In normal times it is
estimated that 100000 acres are cut
I over in this country. In the years
1882 and 1888 the cut was less than
one-third of this number of acres. BY
forest area, it must be understood
that this term refers to the wooded
area, much of which does not contain
commercial timber.
@. Why does spoon keep a glass
from breaking when boiling water is
poured into it?-A. P.
A. When a metal knife or spoon Is
Evening star., 1934-03-05

State. One Of the Democratic Sen.
ators, Copeland of New York. who
has not travelled along with the
Roosevelt administration on some is
sues, Is to have opposition for the
nomination in the Empire State. But
Senator Copeland has a tremendous
personal following among the voters
and even If the administration should
throw its weight against his renom-
ination, which it has said it will not
do. he would be . dincult man to
defeat.
Evening star., 1934-03-05

The Investigations conducted with
reference to the need of economic re-
lief can leave no doubt as to a thor
ough diagnosis, even though accom-
panied by the disagreements which
doctors frequently permit themselves.
Evening star., 1934-03-05
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN.

, placed in q glass the metal conducts
the heat away from the glass, often
preventing 1t from expanding so sud-
denly that 1t cracks.
@. What obligation Is there on the
part of a person who uses your serv-
ice?-E s.
A. There Is none whatever. This
newspaper offers the service free to its
readers. You are entitled to all bene-
fits to be derived from its frequent
use. There Is no charge except coin
or stamp for return postage. Address
Frederic j. Haskin, Director, Wash
tngton, D. C.
@. Do ducks and geese belong to
the same family?-E. L. r.
A. The duck, the goose and the
swan all belong to the duck family
Anatidae; the duck to the duck sub
family Anatinae; the goose to the
goose subfamily Anserinae, and the
swan to the swan subfamily Cygninae.
O Please give a biography Of Eliza
beth Bergner who plays with D0Sylas
Fairbanks, Jr., in Catherine the
Great IN. r.
A. Born in Vienna, Miss Bergner
has been on the stage since she was
IL. In Shakespearean repertory she
won popularity in Germany and in
Vienna, later appearing in the Ger
man versions of st. JOAN" The Last
Of Mrs. Cheyney" and Strange Inter-
lude." Her first film role was that
Of the ugly woman in Der Evangeli-
mann" Subsequently she appeared
with Emil Jennings and Conrad Veidt
in "Nju," and later pictures were I'm
petuous Youth" Love" "Schnitz-
ler's Fraulein Else" "Ariane" and
The Dreaming Mouth" which won
prize for the best European film of
1882. DR.. Paul Czinner. Miss Berg
ner's husband, directed "Ariane,"
The Dreaming Mouth" and also her
American success. Catherine the
Great"
@. How many organizations belong
to the American Library Association?
R. P.
A. Its membership consists Of H.
80S individuals and Al constituent
organizations.
/ Q. When did President Coolidge die
and OF what diseases. c.
A. He died on January 5, 1898. The
death certificate gave the cause of
death as probably coronary throm-
bosis, which means that q clot Of
blood stopped the heart. An autopsy
/ was not performed.
@, How may old gold be disposed Of
and what Is being paid for it?-D. S.
A. The mints and assay oflces are
buying old gold in quantities as small
as one ounce and paying s35 an
ounce for it. Mutilated gold coins will
be paid for at the old price of about
! $40 an ounce. Perfect gold coins must
be turned in at face value. The order
which permitted private individuals to
hold 500 in gold has been rescinded
and supplanted by an order which
forbids possession entirely. except of
keepsakes. To possess gold for indus
trial or artistic use, one must have a
license.
Q. Why is cathedral 50 called7-
E. NJ A.
A. The word Is derived from the
Greek word cathreda, which means
a chair. A church in which is placed
the throne or chair Of a bishop is
called q cathedral.
@. What is an American oriental
ug?-R. r.
A. 1t is rug whose design Is In
spired by real oriental rug. Amer
lean orientals are made by machines:
! they are not tied, stitch by stitch. by
hand as are the rugs from the Orient.
Evening star., 1934-03-05

In many respects the flying ma
chine is problem involving even
greater difficulties than it did when
Prof. Langley faced ridicule and dis
appointment with such courageous de-
termination.
Evening star., 1934-03-05

Stricter laws against counterfeiting
are demanded. But no law could pre-
vent a determined desperate like
Dillinger from effecting an escape by
means of a wooden pistol.
Evening star., 1934-03-05
light Final Edition.
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MARYLAND and virginia,
All Other States and Canada
Member of the Associated Press.

The Associated Press IS exclusively en-
titled to the use for republication of all
news dispatches credited to it or not other
local news published herein All rights Of
publication OF special dispatches herein
are also reserved.
Evening star., 1934-03-05

Hitler's adventures into ancient eth
nology might bring up possibilities of
developing a new style of government
to be known as higherarcheology.
Evening star., 1934-03-05

When two prize fighters meet with
out drawing large gate money the
American public is disappointed.
There is enjoyment in an occasion
which draws a large crowd and
handles large funds. So far as the
actual fight is concerned there is no
sense of retribution to crafty. No
body has anything In particular
against the loser.
Evening star., 1934-03-05

Occasionally political leader finds
it desirable to equip a staff to take
care of the gossip demanded by the
public while he attends personally
to the serious responsibilities.
Evening star., 1934-03-05

Helen of Troy has been mentioned
as one of the worlds great women.
Her fame cannot be challenged as the
most eminent of all fight promoters.
Evening star., 1934-03-05
Fatal Fiction.

From the Shreveport Journal.
At Everett. Mass, recently a woman
laughed herself to death at a high
school play called "Henry's Wedding"
Local amateurs might take Q chance
ca reading the pdeoo.