davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-03-28

stimulated All necessary special
organizational forms must be found
to include various categories of local
relief workers, civil works en-
ployees, public works, C.C.C., etc.
The members CT all existing unem-
ployed organizations must be rallied
around the slogan, for the complete
fusion and unification Of all Or
CARNATIONS Of the unemployed.
Winning Negro Workers, etc.
9. (a) Special measures must be
taken Immediately to execute the
Party decision regarding the win
ming of the Negro workers for the
trade unions. All Communists in
the TUUL. Or independent unions,
in the A. F. Of L. opposition, are
obligated to raise this question in
their organizations and conduct a
constant fight for them. There must
be no strike, no struggle in which
we fail to raise the general and
special demands of the Negro work
ers. Similarly, these questions must
be raised in every factory, in every
trade union. The revolutionary
unions must set the example before
the whole of the Negro masses in
the struggle for the economic in
terests of the Negro workers. The
revolutionary oppositions in the A.
F. of L. must similarly show through
their deeds that their exposure of
the bureaucracy as arch chauvinists
is backed up by the actual struggle
for the interests Of the Negro work
ers. We must raise the demand for
the employment of Negro workers
on the basis of equality with the
white workers on all jobs and at
equal wages. The Communists in
the unions are obligated to carry on
a struggle against all forms of dis
elimination practiced against Negro
workers, and work for their election
to all leading posts. Nor must the
| revolutionary trade unionists limit
their fight in the interests of the
Negro masses to the fight for i'm
mediate economic demands. We
must fight for the adoption by the
masses of trade unionists and by all
workers Of the full Communist pro-
gram for the Negro tOiIers, includ-
| ing the FIGHT for elf-determination
in the Black Belt AS step in the
direction Of carrying through the
above tasks, it is urgent to under
take a campaign of enlightenment
in the trade unions and oppositions
as to the Communist position on
the Negro question, to organize spe-
cial trade union conferences of
white and Negro workers in the
respective industries and localities
for the raising of these issues and
the mobilization of the white and
Negro. masses to struggle for their
realization.
b. The Party must give more at
tention to the work among the mil
lions Of agricultural workers. Aside
from the strategic Importance of
these workers in capitalist economy,
| without organizing them, the Party
will be unable to establish the
hegemony of the prOletariat in the
struggle in the countryside.
c. The development of fascism
I in Germany has emphasized before
our Party the burning necessity Of
struggling for the working class
youth, large sections of whom are
robbed of the possibility of enter
ing industry At the same time,
the young workers in the industries
play an increasingly important role
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-03-28
By EARL BRoWDER

NEW YORK. - The question of
getting adequate forces to carry out
the Party tasks, and the subject of
the circulation of the Daily Worker
were among the highlights in the
speech of Earl Browder, Secretary of
the Communist Party, at the Party
District Convention held at the
Harlem Casino from Friday to Sun
day.
OF the Daily Worker, Comrade
Browder said:
"0ne of the principal instru-
ments we have to use for our mass
work is the Daily Worker. In
spite of all our achievements 1 do
not think that we can talk of the
circulation of the Daily Worker
as being an achievement in this
district. The circulation of the
Daily Worker is scandalously
small.
II can not understand how in
the face of the small circulation
of the Daily Worker we can
achieve the things that we have
up to now. do not think that
we can go further in our achieve
ment until we have a much larger
circulation of the Daily Worker.
In New York this circulation must
be raised to $4,000 copies daily.
Just spontaneously, the Daily
Worker has doubled its small cir
culation. If we make a plan Of
activity around this work, we can
talk of bringing the daily circula-
ton of the Daily Worker to $4,000
copies not as utopian, but as a
practical task for our Party.
This does not mean taking all
our forces away from our other
work. On the contrary, it means
making the circulation of the
Daily Worker one of our main
instruments for strengthening our
work in every field. If we con-
tinue to think that if we do one
thing we cannot do another, we will
not accomplish much. We must
learn the combination of tasks.
Otherwise we will continue limp
ing on one foot. We must have
a BoIshevik approach to this ques-
ton"
Concluding his speech, which was
received with great enthusiasm by
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-03-28
Our Task Lead Rising Strikes Defeat Roosevelt AFL Heads Sneeakg

leadership Of the struggle. The
slogans and issues enumerated above
are the central issues around which
the A. F. Of L. workers can be mo-
bilized for struggle Special en-
phasis must be given to the devel-
opment Of the fight for the Workers
Unemployment Insurance Bill. The
oppositions must also raise the ques-
ton of democracy, the rights of the
rank and file, elections for all posts
for which the left wing must fight,
against gangsterism and racketeer-
ing, against high salaries for union
officials. for reduction of dues, ex-
emptions to unemployed, etc.
We must prove to the A. F. of
L. workers that the Communists and
their supporters fight for the inter-
ests of the workers, fight to build
the union, for the unity of workers,
while the bureaucrats are betraying
the interests of the workers, plum
dering, splitting and destroying the
unions as instruments of struggle
against the bosses. The Communists
in the A. F. of L. unions must put
/ forward in the interests of the
struggle united action with the T. U.
U. L. unions and other organizations.
They must defend the independent
unions before the workers from the
attacks of the bureaucrats, expos
\ ing the bureaucrats as the splitters
of the workers. When the A. F. of
L. union is a mass organization, and
no other unions exist, the Com
munists should join them, call upon
the workers to join them and fight
for the opposition program. In
general, however, the slogan calling
upon all workers to join the A. F.
Of L. is not serving the interests of
the workers. Each union and each
industry must be examined before
proper action can be decided upon.
Building the Unions of T.UU.L.
4.-The building of the T.U.UL.
unions must receive the greatest at
tention. Especially must we con-
centrate on strengthening the work
and leadership of the Steel, Auto.
Marine, Textile and Miners Unions.
A decisive turn towards the work
in the A. F. of L., greater attention
to work in the independent unions.
emphasis on developing of the
united front, implies not a weak
ening but strengthening of the
work of the T,U.UL. unions. With
the development of the struggles of
the workers, the exposure of the N.
R.A., the Incorporation of the AT. of
l.. bureaucrats as the government
agents in the trade unions. the T.U.
U.L. unions, and especially in the
basic unorganized industries (steel,
auto( chemical etc. can play de-
clslve role and can experience a
rapid development, The Party must
conduct sharp struggle against any
iquidatOry tendencies, and expose
the SANDER and maneuvers of the
renegades who call for the liquida-
ton of the T.U.U.L. unions because
they wish to strengthen the A. F. of
L. bureaucracy, of which they have
become part. In order to take full
advantage of the developing struggle
the Communist fractions in the T.U.
UL. unions must call for The car
rying through of theological and or
ganizational preparations in the
| T.UUL. for the coming struggle.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-03-28
Seattle Sets Mark of $4,000
For Special May Day Edition

The Seattle, Washington, District
of the Communist Party District
12) has joined the ranks of the
other districts who have turned in
their plans for the distribution of
the special 24-page 5OO,OOO-copy
May Day edition of the Daily
Worker by setting as its quota the
total of $4,000, the biggest ever or
dered by this Far West district.
In a recent letter, the Seattle rep
resentative of the Daily Worker
writes:
"The District Bureau has set
quota of $4,000 copies of the
special May Day edition of the
Daily Worker. The quotas have
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-03-28

already been distributed among
the various sections and units in
our district, and we are giving
you the quotas of each section
and unit where you may expect
orders"
Then follows the distribution OF
the grand quota among the various
sections and units. Three sec
tons in Seattle itself will take
care of 2,760 copies, and the rest
will be circulated in Rainier Valley
Anacortes, Tacoma, Grays Harbor
Spokane, Bellingham. Portland, As
toria, Occur D'Alene, Eugene, Olym-
pia, Salem, Renton, Longview. Ev-
erett, Port Angeles, Roslyn, Yakima,
Bend, klamath Falls and Alaska
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-03-28
BY JACK sTACHEL

We have again and again spoken
of the weaknesses in our trade union
work among the Negro masses. But
thus far there has been but little i'm
provement Every day new facts
come to light that both indicate the
general lack of attention to this
problem and at the same time the
dangers that we face in the trade
union unless this is corrected at
once.
A typical case is the recent cleo
tions for the company union in the
Bethlehem Steel Corporation around
Baltimore. Large numbers of Negro
steel workers are employed here.
For long time our work as a whole
was very poor and this plant and
the work among the Negro steel
workers was neglected even to a
greater extent. Recently, however,
some steps were taken to work
among the Negro steel workers. In
one department the Negro workers
who are almost exclusively employ
ed in this department, were able to
gain certain improvement in their
working conditions as a result of the
activity undertaken by the Steel and
Metal Workers Industrial Union.
But the bosses were not slow to rec
ognize the meaning of the growing
solidarity between the white and
Negro steel workers. Especially SO
as the fighting spirit of the workers
In the plant is rising and the union
recently made some important gains.
There are now taking place cleo
tons in the company union in this
plant. Last week there were held the
primaries for the nomination of
representatives to the company
union. The union carried on fairly
good campaign against the company
union and in this instance adopted
The policy of boycotting the cleo
tions. The company union rules are
that If . worker only takes the ballot
in his hand, no matter how he votes.
he is classed as supporter for the
company union. To boycott the cleo
biOll llClC ulCdllb w IGluoG 10 Take
the ballot. But in spite of all this,
the workers overwhelmingly voted
against the company union. In some
departments of few hundred work
erS less than a half dozen voted the
company ballot. The company fear
ing this boycott, is carrying thru the
elections in three days so that if in
the first two days the response is
insufficient to create the fiction of
democratic elections" then the
company brings pressure to bear
thru increased coercion and intimi-
dalton.
Here the company utilized move
to try to split the Negro and white
workers, For the first time In the Is
years of the existence of the COM
pany union the bosses nominated a
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-03-28

single opposition that is exempt
from the criticism with regard to
the work among Negro workers, or
where there are not serious mis-
takes in the approach to this cues
ton. In the first place the respon-
sibility lies with the Communist
fractions that are supposed to guide
the work in these unions, that are
to fight for the correct line. Here
the criticism does not fall merely
upon the lower organizations, but
in the first place on the fractions
in the leading bodies of the union
and also on the fraction in the Ma
tional Bureau Of the T. U. u. L. for
lack of vigilance in the fight for
the correct line and for the realiza-
ton of turn in the work with re-
gard to winning the Negro workers.
AS part Of this question we must
further state that in the Party as
whole there is insufficient clarity
and underestimation of the role of
the Negro proletariat in the whole
of the Negro liberation movement.
This leads to all sorts of wrong
theories and false divisions Of work.
There is, for example, too much the
idea that the Negro workers must
be organized into the League of
Struggle for Negro Rights, or per-
haps into the I. L. D., and resultant
neglect in laying the main en-
phasis on the winning of the Ne
gro proletarians for the trade
unions, and the Unemployed Coun-
ellis, recruiting the most advanced
Of these to the Party.
In the present discussion these
issues have not been raised as yet
very sharply. 1t is the task of the
comrades active in the trade unions
to give account of themselves on
such an important question. And
certainly the convention must put
an end to all these unclarities and
gross neglect of work among the
negro WORKERS IN the factories and
in the trade unions. If we do not
make decided change in the APP
proach and increase our efforts to
win the Negro workers for the trade
unions, we will be surprised at the
readiness of the Negro worker to
fight shoulder to shoulder with the
white workers and to join the trade
unions. 1t will hasten the winning
Of the Negro workers for the Party,
give real direction and strength to
the national liberation movement.
hasten the revolutionary struggle
for national liberation of the Ne
gro masses. one of the most power
full levers for the proletarian revo-
luton, which alone is capable Of
solving all the problems of both the
Negro and white toilera
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-03-28

Committees, the District Commit
tee and the fraction buros in the
mass organizations. The planned
used of forces is the product of
leadership.
Planning is collective work, in
the buros and Committees.
I'VE must place this as a major
task, to review carefully and seri-
ously all forces at our disposal and
to make plans not for day OF
two but over period of time, to
bring forward these new forces, To
make mass leaders of them, and to
build the Party through them.
I'VE have to learn the technique
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-03-28
Unity League.

Immediately by beginning mass
agitational campaign through dis
cussion, through resolutions in the
independent unions, through the
work Of unif1cation Of these organi-
cations In the different industries.
Already a number of left-reformists
are conducting secret negotiations
for the formation of an independent
trade union center under their lead
ership in order to block the forma-
ton of a class independent trade
union center. At the same time there
is the danger that many of the in
dependent unions will be swept into
the A. F. of L., through the man
euvers of the Socialists and rene
gades (shoe, electrically, unless we
Immediately raise the perspective of
a class independent trade union
center and conduct a campaign for
its realization. It was the failure
of the Party to recognize in time the
forces making for the growth Of in
dependent unions which made it
possible for the Pearceys. Capped
Lnis, Maloneys, etc, to mislead the
leftward moving workers and rally
them into independent unions of a
reformist character. Similarly, our
failure to carry forward throughout
the fight for the amalgamation of
the various independent shoe unions
played into the hands of the So
cialists and Jovestonites, who at
tached themselves to the movement
and continue to play an important
role.
The Party must understand that
the independent unions left by
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-03-28
The Planned Use of Our Forces

the Party delegates, Browder stated
"One final word about the new
forces that are developing. The
brightest aspect of our Party work
is that we have no shortage of
forces anymore. Anybody that
speaks about the shortage of
forces is simply blind to the forces
all about us. Our trouble isn't the
shortage of forces. Our trouble
is learning how to make proper
use of the forces that we have.
The planned use Of our forces
that is the problem of our Party,
In the unit buros, the Section
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-03-28
CONTINUED from preceding page

For the rights of Negro workers to
all Jobs at equal pay; against dis
elimination on relief, G. W. A. jobs,
etc; against discrimination Of for
eign born in any form; (h) Special
demands for young workers; women
workers; % For the unconditional
right to organize and strike. against
compulsory arbitration, against the
Wagner Bill; ID Against all forms
of forced labor; the right to or
ganize on C.WA. jobs, in C.C.C.
camps.
On the basis of the policy Of con-
centratiOn and serious attempt to
penetrate into the most important
factories, building the trade unions
and the Party on the basis of the
factory. the Party must give special
attention towards the preparation
for the coming struggle among the
miners, steel and auto workers,
marine workers, railroad workers,
chemical workers, textile workers.
WORK IN ALL. UNIONS
3, The work in the A. F. of L.,
which in most districts is still prim-
arily limited to the work in some
sections of the building trade, must
be extended to the miners, textile
workers, and railroad workers espe-
cially, as well as among the federal
locals in auto, metal, rubber, etc.
The whole Party must be reused to
the necessity of carrying on syste-
matte work in the A. F. of L. unions,
which have organized in them mil
lions of workers and today takes on
greater Importance than heretofore,
because of the influx of new menu
bers and the efforts of the govern
ment to force workers into the A. F.
of L. unions in many industries.
ANY underestimatiOn of work in the
A. F. of L. unions is incompatible
with the line of the Party. The sue
eesses achieved in the work of the
oppositions elections, leadership of
struggle, support for workers Unem-
ployment Insurance Bill, etc., the
general growing revolt against the
bureaucracy and the sharpening sit
uations on the questions of indus
trial unions, democracy. etc,
through the pressure of the rank and
f1le-all this shows the possibility of
q rapid development of mass revolu-
tionary opposition within the A. F.
Of L. unions.
The Communist fractions must be
built in the A. F. Of L. unions, and
they must raise the question in each
industry and in each locality of the
building of broad left-wing opposi-
tions and unite them for the pur-
pose Of establishing oppositional
leadership to carry on the struggle
on the broadcast possible basis. The
character Of tn work of the opposi-
tons in the A. F. of L. unions and
Railroad Brotherhoods must be rad
ically changed. In the first place,
there must be break with the le-
galism that still dominates most Of
the oppositiOns, preventing the de-
velopment of the independent strug-
giles of the workers. Secondly, the
oppositions must not remain merely
on the top or be based on occasional
local union meetings. They must
be reorganized on the bassi of the
factory. Only in this way will they
be able to take up the independent
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-03-28
WORK AMONG UNEMPLOYED

8. The trade unions have not yet
been drawn in on a mass scale to
fight for the needs of the unem-
ployed and especially for unenploy-
ment insurance. Even the revolu-
tionary unions have not yet given
serious and systematic attention to
this task. The Communist frac-
tons in the trade unions must take
steps to change this situation in
the shortest possible time. The
movement for social and unemploy-
ment insurance must unite in the
first place, the full forces of the
revolutionary trade union move
ment and the mass organizations
Of the unemployed. This is the
chief immediate demand of the en-
tire working class. Around these
basic forces must be gathered the
other sections Of the toiling popu-
lation. This fight must be devel-
oped on the basis of the united
front to higher level, including
political demonstrations and strikes
for the realization of the Workers
Social and Unemployment Insur-
ance Bill. The trade unions must
be modified to play the central role
in this struggle.
The broadening and consolidation
of the mass organizations of the I'M
employed must proceed upon the
basis of an intensified struggle for
cash relief from local, state and
national governments; against all
forms Of forced labor; for full trade
union rates of wages on all civil and
public works. All of these strug-
giles must be connected with the
mass campaign for unemployment
insurance as contained in the
Workers Unemployment Insurance
Bill. Solidarity actions of the I'M
employed organizations with the
trade unions must be developed and
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-03-28

They must insist on the carrying
through of the policy Of concentra-
ton, persistent work in the fac
tories, the strengthening Of the lead
ership in some of the unions of the
TU.UL. and strengthening the
leading committees Of the T.UUL.
on the basis of more collective work
of a representative committee en-
bracing comrades from the more
important trade union organizations,
the training and drawing in of new
forces. The coming Convention of
the T.U.UL. must be organized on
the basis of a broad mass campaign
involving the largest sections of the
workers in the decisive industries.
Work in the Independent Unions
5.-The work in the independent
unions must receive regular and sys-
tematic attention. The different
types of independent unions re-
quire a different approach.
The Communist must penetrate
all of these unions, organize Com
munist fractions, set before them
selves the task of making these
unions real class organizations on
the basis of developing and leading
the struggles in the defense of the
interests Of the workers, through
constant enlightenment as to the
lessons Of the class struggle, by
showing these masses in life the
! leading role Of the Communist Party
as the organizer of the fighting
united front in their interests. We
must strive for the unificatiOn of
the workers of these unions in each
industry with the T.U.U.L. union
in the same industry into one fight
ing class trade union.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-03-28
COMPANY UNIONS

GA careful study must be made
Of the company unions in the basic
industries. Our policy is to expose
these organizations as instruments
Of the employers against the work
ers, to arouse the hatred of the
workers against them, and to smash
them. In order to achieve this, we
should utilize every possibility for
speaking to the workers wherever
such meetings are called. To make
proposals which will expose the COM
pany unions and rally the workers
for action. AS part of this struggle
and in general in every factory there
must be carried on an exposure
against the espionage system en-
ployed against the workers. The
fight for shop committees elected by
the will of the workers, for which
we must fight in every factory, can
in many cases be achieved through
successful utilization of the posi-
bilities for work in the company
unions. Since our object is to build
class trade unions in the factories,
and since many workers are pre-
JUDGED against all unions because
of the betrayals of the A. F. of l..
bureaucrats, we must carry on an
exposure of the bureaucrats and
their policies, and present in con-
trast the program, the leadership,
and the organizational forms of the
class trade unions Of the T.UUL.
FOR AN INDEPENDENT Fedora
TON OF LABOR
THE fight for the unification of
the revolutionary unions and the in
dependent unions must be developed