davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1934-03-11
Correction of Error,

Considering everything, the PreSl-
dents letter to Secretary Of War Dern
asking that he issue orders immediate
ly to stop all flying Of the airmail by
the Army, except under conditions
that as far as humanity possible will
assure the safety of the pilots, is one
of the best letters he has written since
coming to the White House.
The letter rings true. 1t is sincere
and it is explicit. The order to carry
the mails was given the Army after
definite assurance" to the President
that the Air Corps was equal to the
task. Since that time ten Army flyers
have lost their lives . the continu-
alton of deaths in the Army Air Corps
must stop"
AS long as there are leaders in
Washington who frankly admit the
mistakes involved in decisions and
without haggling about it make new
ones, there is not much to be feared
The President was poorly advised On
the matter of the Army Air Corps
ability to take over the specialized
business Of flying the airmau, al
most overnight and without adequate
preparation Of equipment or training
of personnel. That advice, it is feared,
was not furnished by the men who
fly the planes.
While calling off the hazardous
features of Army airmau flying, the
President has done a commendable
thing in ordering that Army pilots
hereafter be given adequate inStruc-
ton in night flying. blind flying and
instrument flying. For reasons which
have not been made clear, such in
pilots. Their lack may be traceable to
scanty appropriations, or to the fact
that the men who really contra. the
destinies of military aviation are
not themselves aeronautical experts.
Whatever the cause, it will be rem
edied now and in the right way
through cooperation with the gov
ernmental authorities and the civilian
experts in charge Of the development
of commercial aviation.
Not one Of the Army pilots involved
in accidents incident to airmail flying
has had the training or experience
which would have been demanded
as qualification for the job of first
line pilot in commercial passenger
and mail transportation.
Evening star., 1934-03-11
New Anti bing Laws.

United States Attorney Garnett has
taken a refreshingly realistic view of
the efforts in this community to en-
force the anti-gambling laws. These
laws, as they are now drawn, are in
many cases unenforceable. They
work to the protection of the profess
Sional gambler and his breed.
Gambling, Mr.. Garnett says, should
either be legalized in the District of
Columbia or adequate and enforceable
statutes put on the books to pre-
vent it.
District officials have framed a new
anti-gambling law which has received
the favorable report of the Senate
District Committee. No similar bill
has been presented in the House, but,
if passed, the Senate bill should be
expedited In the House. A condition
which leaves law enforcement officers
and the court machinery impotent in
their efforts to enforce the law is de-
moralizing in its effect upon all law
enforcement and should not be per-
mitted to continue.
Evening star., 1934-03-11

next general election-vote to eXpel
the Tories and restore the Labor
party, this time without the rene
gade" Macdonald, to national ofice.
The wrath with which that dyed-in-
the-wool Conservative, Lord Beaver
brook, greets the arrival of Labor in
command of the L. c. C. would indi-
cate that the party which now con-
trolls Parliament sees in Labor's tri-
umph in London a disquieting omen
Of what betides in the country.
Herbert Morrison, leader of the
group which now rules in the i'm
posing County Council Hall. directly
across the Thames from the Houses
of Parliament, promises London "a
worthier and nobler city" Labor's
program includes the building of
100000 structurally separate hcmes
for the poor as the principal item In
a vast slum clearance project and
the reconstruction of the city's great
hospital system. This maiden ven-
ture of the Labor party in the gov
ernment Of one Of the worlds great
est cities will be watched everywhere
with lively interest. Out of it may
well come some new lessons in mu-
nicipal rule.
Evening star., 1934-03-11
Communists Commune With Ancients
BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN.

traversed the vast territory and
could not have avoided leaving traces
of their occupation.
The first archaeological work has
been done in connection with the
digging Of the Moscow-Volga Canal.
OF 100 sites Of archaeological interest
which were discovered Is have been
completely excavated, the discoveries
amply rewarding the effort. The
richness of the region in such mate
rial may be judged from the state
ment that the discoveries range from
the epipaleolithic period down to the
eighteenth century.
The earliest period which is placed
between the first and second stone
ages, is best illustrated by the finds at
Sovolevo Here the Soviet investi-
gators found flint implements many
thousands of years old. Near Petrov-
ski Lake the eXcavatcrs turned up
stone implements and weapons, an
cient pottery together with bones of
wild animals and fish of the neolithlc
/ period.
Bronze age discoveries include not
only tools and weapons and pottery,
but human skeletons. These skeletons
were found buried with knees drawn
up tc the chest, a posture charac-
teristic of the most primitive times.
Finds Studied in Moscow.
Interesting as the primitive finds
! are, a closer interest may be felt for
/ discoveries concerning times much
later and yet still centuries past. For
example, remains of tremendous in
| terest have been found near the city
of Dimitrova. They are survivals Of a
Slavic feudal city ef the eleventh or
| twelfth century. Several finds have
/ been made of remains Of what once
were fortified stations. but the Di-
mitrova discovery is the most COM
| plete and important. The wooden
foundations OF buildings nearly l,00O
years old have been found to be n
| such a good state Of preservation that
it is possible to reconstruct complete
dwellings and trade establishments
such as were occupied then.
Every schoolboy knows how Marco
Polo, the Venetian merchant, adven-
tured across territory which now is a
part Of Russia, on his route to the
court of Cathay. The Soviet archie
ologists have unearthed jewelry and
| household objects of the Slavic tribes
Watch and Klivich which supply evi-
dence of trade with Venice.
The archeologists are looking eager
ly forward to work on the subway
which has Just been started under
Moscow. Moscow was not founded
until the thirteenth century, but 1t
has had troubled history, and it IS
felt that many discoveries will be
made in the course of delving be-
meath the surface. Soon after the
city was established and the Kremlin
built toriginally only Of wood) it was
| burned by the Tartars and subse-
quently was raided and partially de-
stroyed by the Khan of the Golden
Horde. The reigns of Ivan the Ter
rible and other early Cars added to
the viciSsitudes Of the place. 1t was
burned, it will be recalled. on the oc-
casion Of Napoleon's disastrous Rus
sian campaign. What dungeons, long
covered and forgotten what grim
vestiges Of past despotism, what relics
of centuries ago will be found stirnU-
/ late the imagination.
Evening star., 1934-03-11

That the greatest progress regis
tered in life is effected in the face
Of adverse conditions is quite uni
verSally true. We are so constituted
that the finest qualities in our nature
are only called in+o active service
when they are compelled to resist
and overcome situations and condi-
tions that present seemingly insuper-
able problems. Whether in the case
of individuals or groups, this is de-
monstrably true. In one of the most
suggestive statements made by the
Apostle st. Paul he says, in writing
OF the difficulties he experienced in
one of the cities to which he minis
tered, that, "a great door and etfec-
tual is opened unto me, and there
are many adversaries." The whole
story of his extraordinary career tells
of the obstacles and difficulties he
encountered and his amazing capacity
to triumph in every situation that
confronted him. AS matter of fact,
he probably would not have attained
his great distinction had it not been
for the hindrances that he resisted
day by day. 1t would seem that he
Soought out situations that were beSet
with trials that he might prove the
worth of his ministry Infirmities
and multiplying years but served to
increase his zeal and enthusiasm, and
when at length he went to Rome for
his final testing, SO strong was his
influence that. in the palace of
Caesar he permeated the dissolute
household with his spirit and won
converts to his cause. Faced with
difficulties that would defeat other
men. he declared: None of these
things move me-"
His is not the isolated case OF one
who came to his place of power and
influence through resisting the forces
that impeded his course. AS we sur
Vey the story Of the great reforms
that have taken place. We inevitably
discover that they were ushered in
by men who refused to acknowledge
defeat. Savonarola. Francis OF Assist,
Whitfield, Wesley and others submit
evidence Of triumphs wrought out Of
seeming defeat. Their persistence,
their conservation to a great ideal.
their martyr-like spirit constitute the
hallmarks Of their genius and their
Evening star., 1934-03-11
of the matter, thus describes the con-

of the matter, thus describes the con-
ditions:
Toilets were in an unflushable con-
dition, dirt had accumulated to a
depth of fifteen feet at the bottom OF
an airshaft. pipes had burst, the stairs
were a fire hazard and walls had
broken down. There was, over all, an
odor that made the party glad to get
back to the open air.
In Scammell street conditions were
even worse. There were no lights in
hort-circuited by the dampness that
permeated the hall. A fine fog was
revealed when matches were struck.
Until three days ago three-foot icicles
had hung from the hallway ceilings,
longer even than suspended Stalactites
of plaster. A river tumbled down the
steps when it rained. one of the ten
ants said, while another admitted that
she had to keep her umbrella raised
in the hallway on rainy days, just as
though she were outside. A great
heap of ashes and trash had accumu-
lated in the room opposite her apart
ment. There was no running water.
The entire water supply had to be
brought in in buckets and jars from
a neighboring building. OF course,
there was no central heating.
The state of the tenements in New
York has long been a scandal. Spas
modic efforts have been made from
time to time, particularly under re-
form administrations of the city, to
clean them up and to establish de-
cent standards. Laws have been en-
acted to compel observance Of the
rules Of safety and sanitation, but
they have been ignored and graft has
prevailed in their permitted violation.
Perhaps Mayor La Guardia's zeal will
effect reform. If SO, he will have
rendered an invaluable service to his
community.
Evening star., 1934-03-11

Having forcibly rejected the civili-
zation which Immediately preceded
them, Russian Communists now have
set about finding out more about their
remoter ancestors and the civiliZa-
tions which flourished in what now
is the Soviet Union centuries and
tens Of centuries ago. No nation
ever before set about SO comprehen-
| sive a plan of new building as that
| called for by the five-year plan and
| its successor plans
But while the organization of
society under the modern capitalist
| system has been utterly rejected, the
| scientists of the Soviet Union ap-
preciate the value of fullest informa-
| ton en- the constitution of earlier
scientists. To that end most extern
sive archaeological work probably ever
undertaken now is being pressed
under official auspices.
| New construction work Of almost
any kind involves a great deal Of ex-
cavation. Reports which reached
Soviet headquarters during some OF
, the earlier work told of the unearth-
ing. in the course Of digging founda-
! tions, canals and such works, OF
vestiges of previous human occupa-
tion. At first these were ignored but
now that a wider scientific attitude
/ has been adopted by the Russian Off
cialS, it has been determined to de-
vote particular study to the finds
! A special committee of the State
| Academy of the History of Material
| Culture has been organized and. by
direction Of the State Planning Com
/ mission, placed in charge of the
archaeological work Representatives
! of the committee in the persons OF
| trained archeologists will be sent to
every new undertaking and be given
the first chance at anything found in
| the course OF industrial excavations.
In the heat and hurry of the FIVE
! year plan when all Russia was en-
gagged in a race against time, steam
shovels were operated at top speed and
heaved aside anything that came in
their way. The plans and thoughts
Of all Russians were bent on the
future, not the past, and no value was
placed on relics of a civilization which
was buried The whole idea of the
Russians was to obliterate the past
| which had held for SO many Of them
such unhappy experiences.
Attitude Is Changed.
The Soviet Union is now in a mel
lower mood. While it is going for
ward with the second five-year plan and
with its 40-year plan which calls for
the construction OF whole series of
new cities. the pace has slowed some
what and more mature view is being
taken Of collateral matters. So il is
that the new orders CT the day pre-
scribe that, before building the new,
old things which NAV be found shall
be investigated.
No one can say for sure what the
whole history of the vast Russian
territory has been. The hordes of
Ghengis Kahn and Of Tamerlane
swept over much Of it and the fierce
bands Of Ruric came down from the
north. 1t is definitely known that
1000 years ago the Northmen and
traders of the Baltic went by water
to Constantinople. using the network
Of streams and lakes which almost
I connect the Baltic with the Black
Sea. Comparatively short portages
were required. Generations of men
Evening star., 1934-03-11
Government Still Facing Problem of
Creating Millions of Jobs for the Idle

months just ahead When that hap
pens many jobs are sure TO be created
Congress seems TO be of the opinion
That shorter hours of work will open
the way to many more jobs. In the
House of Representatives. a bill in
troduced by Representative Connery,
Democrat. of Massachusetts,. calling
Tor 30-hour week, received the
unanimous Endorsement of the Com
mlttee on Labor. This measure is
opposed by Gen. johnson and BY
Frances Perkins, Secretary of Labor
and probably will die in the Senate
but it reflects the sentiment of many
legislators. Organized labor is behind
this particular move.
The impending restrictions on COM
pany union activities. particularly in
the automobile and the steel indus
tries, Is one example of the breach.
The differences between the indus
trialists and Government officials over
code requirements, however, are con-
sldered secondary to the problem of
getting men back to work.
Plans now being outlined suggest
that there is little expectation that
the unemployment problem can be
solved in a hurry, whether the views
OF the large employers or of the Gov
ernment officials prevail.
Both of these groups are pretty well
convinced that there is a long range
problem to be faced in the field of
employment, and both are rather
friendly to some modification of the
Civil Works Administration idea OF
giving work.
The plan announced by President
Roosevelt calling for a modified form
OF G. w. A. is expected to take on
the form of relative permanence
Under it, distressed families in rural
districts would receive Government
assistance in an effort to put them on
self-sustaining basis. either on sub
slstence farms or in some other re-
latlonShip to agriculture.
In the mining communities and in
dustrial communities where stranded
populations" now are concentrated,
these families would be transplanted
by the use of Government funds in
an effort to get them started in new
ana more favorable surroundings.
More than one speaker before the
N. r. A. code congress advanced the
idea that some form of c. W. A.
should be a permanent part of the
Government. Through it, unemployed
could be given work at wages that
would provide a bare living. AS op-
portunity opened again, these workers
then would be drawn back into in
dustry. The scheme would be used
as cushion to ease the blow of un-
employment.
Aside from agreement on the need
for this form of relief, however, the
code congress showed that many big
employers and Government officials
are sharply divided on the way that
will lead to recovery and millions of
new jobs.
Copyright. 1934)
Evening star., 1934-03-11
Resisting Adverse Conditions
BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES FREEMAN D. Ill. D. C.
Bishop of " ashington

efficient service. They recognized that
great doors and effectual were opened
unto them, but in their reckoning
they rightly appraised the many ad-
versaries that contended against
them.
Had their paths been marked by the
unfailing praise and applause of men,
had they not had to blaze their trails
and win their place of influence in
the face of stern and contending in
fuences that conspired to oefeat
them, they would not have gained
their proud distinction as leaders
the standard bearers of a mighty
cause Their inspiration was caught
from Him who wrought victory out
OF defeat and made the cross the uni
versal symbol of sublimest accomp-
lishment. With strong conviction, He
delared: Il. if l be lifted up, will
draw all men unto Me-"
To accomplish the high ends of
our Christian faith may be a costly
experience, but it is safe to say that,
as there is no royal road to knowl-
edge. there is no royal road to the
attainment of the high things of
christian character. Great doors and
effectual We may have, and If we
have the courage to enter them they
may offer us the largest opportunity,
not alone for service, but for self
development. but they will be made
all the more effectual if they are
doors that present difficulties that call
1orth from us our finest qualities. One
reason Why We believe that the pres
ent world situation is to mark a
great advance for the Christian
cause Is that it is one that presents
more and greater difficulties than
any age that has gone before. It calls
Tor more OF faith, more of courage
more OF persistent endeavor than we
have hitherto disclosed. We shall
set forward that which we have pas
sively believed by giving a more artic-
ulate demonstration of the value and
the saving power OF that which Jesus
Christ taught and exemplified in His
life.
"Ye fearful saints, fresh courage
take;
The clouds We so much dread
Are big with mercy. and shall break
In blessings on your head"
Evening star., 1934-03-11
Church Issues May
Divide German Nazis
BY A. G. GARDINER.

LONDON, March l0.-N0thlng is
more remarkable in Germany than
the conflict which is still proceeding
between the NaziS and the German
church.
There is no doubt that when Herr
Hitler met both parties to the dispute
several weeks ago he was anxious to
effect a settlement and to restore
unity in the church. He brought with
him q memorandum from President
Won Hindenburg in full support of his
object, and in his fervent speech in
favor of unity the chancellor made
promises Of concessions to the diSsi-
dent movement on the subject of the
non-Aryan clause and other points
Of difference which would have gone
far to heal the breach. Nevertheless
the breach was not healed. It was the
intervention of Gen. Goering, the pa
tron of the German Christians. with
his revelations of the telephone con-
versation Of DR.. Niemoller. whose
wire he had tapped, which kept the
wound open.
This is not the only case in which
there has been a sharp cleavage be-
tween Hitler and Goering. The pro-
longed detention of Dimitrof and
t.,..e other Bulgarian prisoners after
their acquittal by the highest tri-
bunal in Germany is another. But
the conflict over the church ques-
ton is the most significant. In his
attempt to impose a new German
conception of Christianity upon the
nation and to make the church a
mere department of the state. Goering
Is more royalist than the king"
X X
In the remarkably prophetic book
which the late Prof. Cramb published
before the war. he diagnosed the
spiritual motives which were at the
root of the catastrophe that he saw
to be imminent. His thesis was that
Christianity had never made Q real
conquest Of the Prussian mind. Luth-
eranism was only . thin layer be-
meath which the aneteut religion OF
Evening star., 1934-03-11
London Goes Labor.

1t is not a British political tradi-
ton that as goes London so goes
Great Britain, yet the Labor party's
landslide victory in the London Coun-
ty Council elections on March 8 is not
without significance. For the first
time in the history of the metropolis
Labor obtains control of its local gov
ernment by an overwhelming majority
and the administration of a commu-
nifty of 4,50O,O0o inhabitants, with q
budget of more than 100000, 900
passes into the hands of the party
which has twice ruled the empire from
No. 10 Downing street.
Probably the sweetest fruit of La
bor's victory in the elections for the
L. c. C.-they 60 in bit for alpha
bet soup in London, too-is the fact
that the party's archfoe and pet aver
sion, the Conservatives, who have
bossed the council for twenty-sever
years, have had their supposedly in
vincible majority smashed into a help
less minority. OF 1874 elected mem
bers sixty-nine are Laborites, insur-
ing them a majority of fourteen.
National issues rarely play any part
in local British elections, yet Labor's
triumph in London is destined to be a
shock to that one-time darling of the
Labor gods, Ramsay Macdonald, and
the national government which he is
permitted to head by grace Of the
Conservatives. who Overwhelmingly
dominate the House of Commons.
In the days Of John Bright and
the old free trade school it used to
be said that what Manchester thinks
today England thinks tomorrow.
There must be many Laborites who
are now harboring the hope that
what London thought when it went
to the County Council polls last
Thursday Britain viii think at the
Evening star., 1934-03-11

Fewer working hours are not very
satisfactory to the type of citizen
ship that enjoys work as a natural
form of human expression. The ad-
justment of pay rolls is a social neces-
sity, but idle hours are no favor to
the man who loves his library or his
laboratory and has never learned to
dance
Evening star., 1934-03-11
An Augean Stable Job.

In the course of his reform meas
ures in Greater New York Mayor
La Guardia has got around to the
matter Of insanitary and dangerous
dwellings, and his beginning in that
direction promises results for the bet
ter housing Of the poor. Tenement
House Commissioner Post on Tuesday
personally conducted a raid on some
of the worst types of multiple apart
ments" on the East Side and served
notices on the occupants that they
must move within five days to quar-
ters which the city will find for them.
The Herald-Tribuue. in its account