davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1934-12-09
Self-COvernment for
India Seems to Be Near
BY A, G. GARDINER.

LONDON, December ST the
government can hold out for anotner
IL months it is tolerably certain
that by the end of 1885 an all-ndia
constitution will be an accomplished
fact. The reception of the joint COM
mittee's scheme, which will be the
basis of the measure that the govern
ment will bring before Parliament,
justifies that confidence.
The scheme has, of course, been
bitterly attacked both in India and
at home, but that was inevitable In
the case of a proposal Of such mag
nitude and complexity. From the
point Of view OF India, 1t falls lar
short of what was demanded and the
first impulse reflected itself in Jour-
nalistic chorus of Reject! Reject!
From the point Of view Of the die
hards at home it means complete sur
render to the Indian extremists and
the beginning of the end Of the Brit
ish raj.
But as the first storm of criticism
clears away, a more sober and judicial
temper is apparent in both centers
of controversy, and the immensity
and difficulty of the task to which the
government has committed itself are
becoming recognized. No experiment
in constitution building on so vast
scale has been attempted in history
But India is a country nearly as
big as Europe, with population a
great as that of Europe and with diff
ferences of speech. race, culture anc
religion as marked as, and often more
marked than, those Of Europe. The
transition Of such 8 vast and COM
Evening star., 1934-12-09
1sThe Heart of the Community
BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D, ILL., d, D. L.
Bishop of Washington

We profit more than we can esti-
mate by these periodical demonstra-
tions of communal kindness. There
may be and probably is much in our
individual and corporate life that
makes for division and narrowness and
pride of judgment. Now and again we
witness, even in this enlightened age,
a spirit of intolerance and bigotry that
is repellent and and reprehensible.
Perhaps one of the reasons why we
have misfortune and suffering to deal
with is that We may not lose that ten
derness and responsiveness that COM
pei us to get together and federate our
forces to meet emergent and critical
needs.
There is a great lesson to be learned
in these community efforts, lesson we
would do well to heed as we realize
how close are the ties that bind us
together. 1t is true that none of us
hveth to himself" When We get down
to the root of the matter we recognize
the fact that fortune or misfortune Is
common experience in which we all
share. There is no respect Of persons
when a dark shadow falls upon the
community. The Masters second great
commandment, Thou shalt love thy
neighbor as thyself," may sound like
a counsel of perfection, but it has q
practical value and one that has been
made more evident to us in these re-
cent years. Paralysis of industry. re-
stricted and depleted incomes, with
their attendant hardships, are misfof-
tunes, but if they evoke finer spirit
of communal fellowship, nobler ex-
preston of kindness. more wide
spread outpouring Of self-sacrif1cing
generosity, they must ultimately issue
in the strengthening Of those qualities
of character that guarantee and pro-
mote better days. Hence this recent
demonstration in which thousands OF
workers and nearly $50, 900 people re-
sponded is certain evidence that the
heart of our people is sound, and with
sound hearts, generous impulses and
the determination to weather al
storms. we shall come at length tc
the haven where we would be, and
hear the commendation Of the great
Lover of Mankind: "Inasmuch as We
did it unto the least Of these, ye die
it unto me-"
Evening star., 1934-12-09

middle of the street by the sudden
changing of the light to red. Then
he must either take a chance on
reaching the objective curb by speed
ing or stand in the middle of the
street while the traffic flows past him.
This situation Is aggravated by the
manner in which many Of the lights
in the congested area are placed
Some of them are hidden by trees
from the pedestrians point of view,
others are on the far side of the street
at such a distance that their cowls
obscure the beams. At one particular
corner in the most heavily Travelled
section of the city two street railway
switch towers almost wholly block the
vision.
A supplementary system of lights
for pedestrians guidance would, Of
course, cost money, but such an ex-
penditure would be an investment in
public safety which would amply pay
for itself in reduction of accidents.
Evening star., 1934-12-09

servatory, the Lighthouse Board and
perhaps the Department Of Aericul-
ture. It would also have intimate re-
lations with the Smithsonian.
Until some such separate depart
ment shall be organized it is recon-
mended that commission, so consti-
tuted as to enjoy the confidence Of
the scientific world, be appointed to
have general supervision of the SCI
entif1c bureaus. This body would in
clude the heads Of the various bureaus
concerned and in addition the presi-
dent of the National Academy Of
Sciences, the Secretary of the Smith
sonian. two civilians of high scientific
reputation and an of1cer for each
branch Of the military service Of dis
tinguished scientific attainments, with
some cabinet oficer as president. Such
q commission would have only an ad-
visory power, but they would be quail
fed TO survey the field Of work with
intelligence and fairness and their
recommendations would no doubt have
much weight with the bureaus ana
with Congress" -
Evening star., 1934-12-09
Germany Wooing Austria.

Col. Franz Won Papen, Chancellor
Hitler's special ambassador of good
will to Austria, has resumed his duties
at Vienna. He Is said to be the
bearer of an olive branch designed
at the earliest possible moment to
re-establish the old friendship be-
tween the two Germanic peoples. Well
informed Viennese quarters believe
that the Reich is ready to 60 to ex-
tremes to accomplish that purpose.
Whether it Is the approach Of the
Christmas season or a more tangible
reason that raises the roseate hope.
Evening star., 1934-12-09
Roosevelt Viewed as Bulwark "A gainst
New Radical Political Movements

Fascist control of business in case of
dictatorship.
X X
Why has no radical mass movement
up to now swept the American people
as it has swept other peoples who have
suffered from a long depression?
The answer heard here is that the
reason lies both in the democratically
inclined political instinct of the people
and in President Roosevelts person.
ality and in the New Deal. The Pres
ident has been seeking to do some
thing about the depression with his
various plans. Then, too, he has
political lit to high degree, causing
people to place confidence in him.
And, as for Mr.. Roosevelt, he Is
determined to find the solution of
economic problems under the frame
work of the country's democracy. If
the Supreme Court should decide that
some vital part Of the New Deal was
unconstitutional, the opinion here is
that the President would abide by that
decision no matter how much it might
upset his plans. Or If the Congress
should cross him, Mr.. Roosevelt would
be expected as a matter Of course to
accept the verdict
The result is that while the new
political movements taking root in the
country may grow rapidly, they will
be unable to attain any very real
power SO long as Mr. Roosevelt is
in the White House. They may in
fuence the President in determining
national policies during the next year
or two. owing to his need for avoiding
third party development in 1885,
But as for any sort Of radical drive
Tor power, it now seems doomed before
it starts.
The thought here is that Huey
Longs miniature Fascist dictatorship
in Louisiana will go far to dispel agita-
ton for any such contrivance in
Washington.
However, the chief antidote to radi-
calism would be jobs, and it is on jobs
that thought continues to be concen-
trated at the White House What
every one wants is for industry to
step forward and absorb the unem-
ployed Industry contends it cannot
do this until it is able to find new
markets for its products. Those new
markets are dependent upon reviving
foreign trade or upon getting more
spending power into the hands Of the
people.
Plans under study in the fields of
housing, public works, rural electrif1-
cation and subsistence homesteads are
designed to place every person, able to
work and jobless, at some occupation.
Then the aged and incapacitated
would be turned back to the States
and localities for cure.
Stories outlining eight or nine bill
lions of dollars to be spent on this
program are described as fantastic.
At present nearly 100000 out Of
100000 on relief are working for
the money they receive. The cost is
about S12000,000 a month more in
providing this relief than in
providing direct doles. The various
programs now under consideration
would put 100000 to work instead Of
the present 100000. The type of
work would be altered so that it would
involve production of socially USE
full structures which could be ex-
pected over the years to yield some
substantial return to the Government.
Evening star., 1934-12-09
Traffic Lights and Pedestrians.

In the consideration of ways and
means for avoiding traffic accidents in
the Capital streets attention might
profitably be paid to the question of
the security of the pedestrian, who
Is now beset by perils on every hand.
The system of traffic lights has been
designed primarily for the guidance
of drivers. The pedestrian has only
a small share in the security which
these signals afford. He is enjoined by
the rules not to step into the driving
space until the flow of traffic is in the
direction of his progress-that is to
say, until the light which he faces Is
green. In ordinary circumstances he
has ample time to cross under this
protection unless he IS blocked by cor
ner turner's, who are so numerous in
the downtown sections that his time
for safe passage is reduced by as much
o. half. He is otteu caught in the
Evening star., 1934-12-09

Recently there occurred in this city
demonstration of community inter-
est that Is of such significance that 1t
is worthy of the consideration of all
right-thinking citizens. 1t was the
gathering together Of several thousand
volunteer workers to prosecute an ef-
fort known as the Community Chest.
The symbol of this movement is a
heart.
The heart is the symbol of affection,
the very core and center Of life itself.
The wise man of old declared: "As
a man thinketh in his heart, so is he"
All our finer impulses, all our more
generous action we trace to the heart.
When the heart of a community is
right, all else follows in proper Sc
quence. This annual exhibition of
communal sympathy and generosity,
both on the part of solicitors and
givers alike, is the finest demonstra-
ton of the year of that which conSti-
tutes our strength and moral worth.
1t is the best evidence that when the
right sort of appeal is made and the
story Of human needs told there is a
ready and glad response.
One of the striking features of this
annual city-wide effort is the effacing
of all distinctions, all party and de-
nominational lines and the unity of
those who respond to common cause.
The old adage that "a touch of pity
makes the whole world kin" has not
lost its force. Now and again we lose
confidence in ourselves and grow crit
ical of our neighbors. Ungenerous
judgments and personal conceits seem
to be stronger and more persistent
than open-handed generosity and
that quality Of charity that "thinketh
no evil" We become disillusioned by
the coldness and apathy Of the COM
munity in which we live. Then fol-
lows some widespread misfortune
some well-conceived and organized ef-
fort is put forth to mitigate human
suffering, and we rediscover the heart
of our neighbors and witness their
self-sacriflcing service. After all, the
poet was right who wrote:
There is so much good in the worst
of us
And SO much bad in the best of us
That it hardly behooves any of us
To talk about the rest Of U.s."
Evening star., 1934-12-09

confidence seems to prevail that a
turn for the better in Austro-Ger-
man relations Is imminent.
Those relations, already severely
strained by the unabashed Nazi
crusade to force Anschluss (union
with Germany, were brought to the
point of disruption last July by the
Nazi putsch which resulted In the
assassination of Chancellor Dollfuss.
The immediate result of that outrage
was laundering demand by virtually
all Of Europe that Germany forthwith
abandon her attempts to crush Aus
tria's independence. Premier Musso-
lini of Italy was leader in the move
ment to protect the decrepit relic of
the once proud Hapsburg monarchy
from falling into Germany's grip.
Thenceforward' Nad propaganda for
AnschlusS, at least of the blatant
character that was previously an
offense and an affront to Austria,
ceased. Chancellor Hitler gave as
surances, which have been respected,
that Germany would make no more
illicit efforts to bring the Austrians
within her orbit.
The Franco-German agreement on
the Saar question has improved Col.
Won Papen's chances of eliminating
misunderstanding with Austria, in that
1t affords evidence of the Reich's
readiness to eschew strong-arm meth
ods. Many authorities regard an
eventual union between Germany and
Austria, in one form Or another, as
both natural and inevitable. It could
hot be otherwise with two peoples al
lied by the ties of common language,
territorial proximity. mutual interests,
cultural and commercial, and the ira
dition of long and intimate comrade-
snip III peace ana war.
Europe will have to be convinced
that Anschluss would not be exploited
by powerful, ambitious or revengeful
Germany for the purpose of launching
a concerted drive to wipe out other
frontiers fixed by the treaties Of YER
sailles and st. Germain. Once there
were conviction that the Reich would
be satisfied merely with reunion
between the Germanic nations-pro-
vided Austria, too. welcomed the mar
riage-it is reasonable to presume that
objections now lnSurmountable might
prove to be removable. Mussolini
would want castiron guarantees that
there would be no attempt to extend
united Germanic power over the for
mer Austrian territory that is now un-
der Italian dominion. Czechoslovakia,
Rumania and Yugoslavia would also
require indubitable safeguards.
The Reich's Austrian aspirations con-
stitute one Of Europe's manifold prob
lens. If Col. Won Papen's renewed
mission in Vienna can pave the way
to its amicable solution, he will strike
a real blow for international peace
and his efforts for an Austro-German
accord will be watched with commen-
surate interest.
Evening star., 1934-12-09
Zinc Cartel to Cease
At the Close of 1884
BY HARDEN COLFAX.

One Of the most moderate and ear
nest efforts on the part of govern
ments to control prices and production
of one of the worlds important COM
modities, the zinc cartel. will soon
break down as a result Of economic
nationalism Its fate was sealed last
week at a meeting in Paris.
Just what interest has American
business in zinc? When we remember
that our country Is the largest pro-
ducer and consumer of zinc in the
world, that Americans own or con-
troll financially almost so per cent Of
the worlds zinc producing enterprises,
and when We note the ever-lengthen-
ing list of uses for this metal, we can
realize what Is involved in the tacit
agreement, announced last week, that
the international zinc cartel will go
out of existence on January l, 1895.
Three years ago, when zinc prices
dropped sharply, the cartel set quotas
for producing countries at some SIS per
cent of capacity. Later on this was
decreased to so per cent and then to
As per cent. In August Of this year
an increase to 60 per cent was per-
mitted, but prices fell There seems
to be disagreement among the men,
bers as to the basis upon which pro-
duction is to be calculated, and so.
unless something very unusual hap
pens, the cartel will lapse on the last
day of the present year.
The galvanizing industry Is the
largest user Of zinc in the United
States, accounting, according to the
Bureau Of Mines, for Al per cent of
the total zinc used in the United
States during the past five years. Zinc
Is an essential constituent Of die
casting alloys, and during recent
years the uses Of these alloys have in
creased rapidly. All sorts Of articles
are now being die-cast from them,
such as dials and loud-speaker cases
for radios, automobile parts and soda
water dispensers. One Of the largest
markets for galvanized zinc products,
the Bureau Of Mines reports, Is con-
nected with the agricultural industry.
Moreover, galvanized sheets used for
roofing and housing are becoming
more and more important. particu-
larly In rural districts, where OUT
buildings are exposed to the weather.
Zinc, of course, is largely utilized also
| in the manufacture Of brass and in
paints.
For the past six years the inter-
national cartel has been in existence,
largely concerning itself with the pro-
duction of zinc, although dealing also
with problems of prices.
(CopyriRht 1934)
Evening star., 1934-12-09

posite community from a system OF
paternal government to a system of
| f-government Is an adventure with
out precedent.
x + X
The acid test Of the scheme, which
after seven years of commissions.
round-table conferences and Joint
committees. Is now about to be SUBJ
mitted to Parliament, Is not whether
it achieves self-government in one
dramatic and impossible stroke. but
whether 1t is designed to make the
goal OF Self-goyernment attainable
and that with all the expedition con-
sistent with the interests of India.
The central feature of the scheme.
and that which creates the greatest
dlsmay among the British die-hards,
Is the establishment Of a central gov
ernment. If the proposal had been
limited to autonomous government in
the provinces, the resistance would
have been negligible, but the shadow
of an all-India federation, crowned
with a central legislature, spells to
Winston Churchill and his fellow
critics of the scheme the doom of
Britain in India. In a sense they are
right.
But If the British extremists are
panic stricken at the prospect of an
India consolidated on self-governing
basis, Indian opinion is no less diSsat-
isfied with the safeguards and reser-
vations with which the new constitu-
10 tn hA ~,
Labor members who sat on the joint
committee share that dissatisfaction,
and for that reason did not sign the
report They will not, of course, op-
pose the scheme in Parliament, but
they will endeavor to make the self
governing powers of the central leg
islature more generous and effective
Many Of the reservations, especially
those dealing with defense and foreign
affairs, are, of course, inevitable, and
others-e. g., those relating to the
maintenance of law and order and
the suppression Of terrorism-are con-
ceived primarily in the interests Of
India. In regard to the rest, it Is
pointed out that the scheme is not
final, but contains provisions for re-
experience of its working dictates.
*-k X
Two questions remain to be an
swered. viii the scheme go through
If it goes through, will India accept
it and work It? On the first point
I think the 'omens are eminently IA
| vorable The issue depends on
| whether Stanley Baldwin can carry
the main current of Conservative opin-
ion with him. II he does not, he vii.
resign; but all the evidences are tt
the effect that he will. He has be-
| hind him all the most instructed ano
weighty' opinion Of the country, ex.
viceroys Of India and ex-secretaries
of state for India. His own devotion
to this great cause Is indisputable
| and If he carries it through he will
deserve as high q place in the nationa
memory as that which Campbell.
Bannerman won for his concession o1
self-government to South Africa.
As to the second question, thini
events will show that the answer Il
| in the Affirmative. India will ask fol
more, Of course, and continue to worl
| for more. But the passage Of thi'
| great measure will mark such . revo'
luton In Indian affairs and, Incl.
dentally, offer 80 many attractive pos
sibilities to the educated Indian tha
there will be no disposition to rejec
| it and no failure to work 1t.
(cpyx1ght. 193z.l -.
Evening star., 1934-12-09
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
Lobbykn.

Lobbykm.
I would not be a lobbyist
In either prose or song
In argument I still persist
'Gainst what ! think is wrong.
A lobbyist I would not be.
strive to be polite
In offering a contention free
For what I think is right.
To be lobbyist fear
Would put me on the spot.
And yet when facing problems queer
ask you, who is not?"
Evening star., 1934-12-09

In Maryland the great game of
politics is slightly confused by the
assumption that a New Deal may in
volve possibilities of a misdeal.
Evening star., 1934-12-09

Chiselers have to be accounted
with in the reorganization of business.
Even a New Deal has to take into
consideration the intrusion of a four
flusher.
Evening star., 1934-12-09

Social gayeties serve an educational
function in correcting any impress
sion that the famous old "Gridiron"
Club has anything to do with foot ball.
Evening star., 1934-12-09

of street railway expansion in Wash
ington proposals were made from time
No Car Line Wanted INN - r,l'Ic "a ~ =
on Massachusetts, Ave. n $
Massachusetts avenue. They were
always resisted on behalf of the resi-
dents in that thoroughfare. The sub
ject was under discussion when The
Star, in its issue of December 9,
1884, said:
There will probably always be diff
ferences Of opinion as to the relative
value of steam or horses as the mo-
tive power for street railways, but
there can hardly be any question
outside of those directly interested in
the job as to the impropriety of sur
rendering another portion of Massa-
chusetts avenue for a street railroad,
as is proposed by a bill introduced in
Congress yesterday. From Mount
Vernon square westward to Boundary
street, this avenue is unsurpassed If
equaled by any street in the city for
pleasant, quiet homes as well as for
driving, cycling and walking, and
these admirable features should not
be destroyed at the demand of any
corporation or speculative scheme
Before giving the matter any con-
sideration whatever, Congress ought
therefore to require the projectors Of
the scheme to bring in a petition
signed by the owners of the major
part of the property fronting on that
thoroughfare between the two partic-
ular points named asking for its
spoliation in the manner proposed,
and even then it would be quite safe
to 60 slow and finally refuse to grant
the desired franchise. There does not
seem to be a public necessity at the
present time for street car line any
where in the neighborhood of the
route indicated by this bill; but If one
existed, beyond any reasonable doubt,
Massachusetts, avenue should still not
be sacrificed for the purpose. If Con-
gress wants to legislate on the subject
of street railway lines at all. it had far
better pass law requiring the tracks
to be taken out of Pennsylvania ave-
nue. from the Treasury to the Capitol
than to surrender one Of the finest
residence avenues in the city for the
purpose indicated"
Half q century ago the scientific
work Of the Government was growing
at rate to suggest the combination
Department of branches nc s. de- de-
Science Proposed. voted to tech
The Star of December IS, 1884, says:
Unless there are practical objec-
tions Of a radical nature, 1t would
seem wise to combine the scientific
bureaus of the Government in one
general body, SO that their work could
be carried on with economy and har-
mony. AS 1t is now these bureaus
often overlap one another and con-
tact the same field, and, again, much
is lost through lack of concert.
Under a commission, such as that
recommended by the committee of
the National Academy of Sciences,
appointed to examine this subject, the
bureaus could act together and the
interests Of science be advanced. The
/ new department, as now proposed,
would include the coast survey, the
Geological Survey. the Meteorological
Bureau Of the Signal once, Q physical
observatory, o bureau Of electrical
standards and one Of weights and
measures. The department might
| also properly include the Bureau of
Education, the Census, the Naval OBJ
Evening star., 1934-12-09

The creation of Yugoslavia made
history and the League of Nations
suspects that it is going to create
some more.