davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-29
reight Car Record
 Carefully Analysed
Railroads Will Study Results to Determine How to Get
 Most Economical Use Out of Trains

Railroads of the United States are making the most widespread and, at the same time, the most de- tailed check ever undertaken of the actual daily use of the two million freight cars in the country, ac- cording to an announcement by J. J. Pelly, president, Association of American Railroads. This first na- tionwide record of how cars move, and why, is made under the direc- ton of the association in order to discover what improvements, if any, can be made in the present system of handling freight cars.
 Every movement of each freight car is being recorded for a two weeks period by men in position to know the facts of each partic- ular movement, from reports of freight conductors, local station agents, yard masters and clerks, car distributors and dispatchers. These individual records, which will present a far more complete picture than routine statistical re- ports of car mileage, loaded and empty. are being put together by each railroad, and will be reported to the Association of American Railroads.
 There the combined picture will be analysed to determine how to get the fullest and most econom- ical use out of cars without im- pairing the present high standard of service under which the old periodical car shortage has disap- peared, even in the years when freight loadings exceeded million cars a week.
 In the ordinary course of busi- ness, more freight cars move into the densely populated eastern sec
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-29
Hundreds Of Families
 On Local Relief List
Mutual Aid Cares for 1000 Families Weeky-Federal
 Projects Brought Timely Assistance to Many

The Mutual Aid Unemployment Fund has cared for more than 1000 persons weekly during the past year at an expenditure of $4O4,O00. Weekly receipts have averaged in the neighborhood Of $8,O00 and expenditures have been approximately the same, according to statistics released today by William M. Harris, relief director.
 A comparison with last years figures, taking into account the HOO persons employed at that time by the CWA, dicloses the fact that there are now 500 more per sons on the Mutual Aid list than there were at the end of 1883.
 At the beginning of the current year the Mutual Aid employed 492 persons, of which number 3Ol were actually working, 50 were on direct relief and Al were housed in the barracks provided for the homeless unemployed.
 CWA Projects
 CWA projects, which had be- come effective the previous month, had given employment to HOO. Expenditures of the association had reached a total of $1,571, ,000; re- ceipts during the week the report was made were $4,751 and dis totalled $4,200, leaving a balance of $54,300.
 At the present time the Mutual Aid has 1,23S persons on the re- lief list, including LII actually working, 87 on direct relief and 40 at the parish house. There are
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-29

polzer's great book on eclipses, which shows all such phenomena from the year 1907 BIG. to 2161 A.D., reveals that in this span of over three thousand years only forty-four years contain seven eclipses; only fourteen of these have the same combination as 1885, namely, five solar and two lunar. The last year which had the same combination was 1895 and the next one will be 24S5.
 Tho first eclipse of the year will be the partial solar eclipse of January 5th which will not be vis- ible from any portion of the Unit ed States or Canada. This will be followed by a total eclipse of the moon on January 18th, visible in its entirety from Asia, Australia, and eastern Europe. In North America only the extreme north- western part will have the oppor- tunity of seeing the entire eclipse, although the beginning will be vis- ible along the Pacific coast. On February 3rd an annular eclipse of the sun will be observable from California nd the Pacific coast; over the rest of North America this eclipse will be seen as a par tial of the sun with various per centages of obscurity of the suns surface. The partial solar eclipses of June 30 and July 30 and the second annular solar eclipse of De- cember 25 will not be visible from these regions Of the earth. The second total eclipse of the moon however, on July 18th, will be seen in it's entirety from every place in North America except the most northerly regions. Although 1t is true that professional astronomers are not greatly interested in any thing but total eclipses of the sun. none of which are included in the above list, amateurs will find con- siderable interest in those of February 3rd and July 18th.
 On January 2nd at 8 a. m., east ern standard time, the earth will pass through the perihelion point Of It's orbit. It is then closest to the sun and about three million miles nearer the latter than the apheiIon point which 1t reaches early in July. Tho earth as . whole receives about seven percent more sunlight at the perihelion passage than at ahphelion but by far the greater part of this energy falls upon and warns the south. ern hemisphere. This indicates ni once that the distance of the earth from tho sun is not a factor of any importance in the cnusn. ton of tho phenomenon of the sea. sons. The underlying cause of thil phenomenon is really the fact thai tho rotation axis of inc earth ii not nt right anglo t0 tho plane Of the earth erblt Of revolution about tho sun. As n result Of thil the apparent path Of tho nuf through the heavens, known nl the eeliptle circle. does not eein'
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-29

I ton than move out. To avoid con- gestion in the East and car short age in the West and South, there must be large return movement of these cars without loads. Return of coal cars to the mines, of tank cars to the refineries, of refrig- orator cars to the sections which produce perishable products and similar uses of special equipment force railroads to haul many cars empty.
 Often it is necessary to move an empty car to have the sort of car wanted by a shipper when and where he wants it; or to concen- trate large, numbers of empty cars to protect special heavy crop or other movements; or to move sur plus empty cars to places of stor- age near the locatinos where they will eventually be needed.
 All such movements appear in the regular statistical reports sim ply as hauling empty cars without the necessary reason for their movement empty being made ap- parent. They may even appear as a cross-haul, with empty cars go- ing in both directions on the same division at the same time, in the large number of cases where emp ty cars are distributed for loading from both ends of a division to- ward the middle.
 Freight cars have been classified in this check-up by their owner ship, and by types such as box, refrigerator, open-top, fiat, stock, tank. and other sorts of cars. With the complete history of the daily movements of each of these sorts of cars, and the reasons for each such movement, the railroads will get beyond bare statistics to a knowledge of the facts of car utii- ization never before available.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-29
Seven Eclipses Are
 Promised Next Year
Unusual Ones FOrecasted Including Five Solar and
 Two Lunar-Earth Closest to Sun on Second

eide with the celestial equator., During our northern summer the sun attains higher attitudes on its daily apparent round of the heav- and the days are longer than the nights. Under these conditions, the amount of heat received In the northern hemisphere during the, day exceeds that lost by radiation during the night, and the northerEs lands experience increasing tenn
 peratures. At the same time, of course, the reverse conditions ob-' tain the southern hemisphere which has its winter during oiir summertime.
 Although the evening sky is sa q ly lacking in planets, the whites, cancellations are now high in the sky. The remarkable area of the. heavens which surrounds the con-' stellation of Orion fills the south. eastern quarter of the sky at maI1
 time. The Great Hunter lies slightly to the eastward of the l meridian. Taurus with it's first
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-29
Postal Year Witnesses
 Business Improvement
Kelley Remains Acting P. .M-Posta Clerks Met fiele;
 Several Veteran Employees Placed on Retired List

The end of the year 1894 finds Acting Postmaster James T. Kelley still directing the business of the Waterbury post office, the year making no change in his status. The 12-month period was an active one fo rthe post office and its personnel, perhaps the outstanding event of the year was the end of a four and half year search for the poison penman" who was threatening the lives af Chase Co. officials in fantastic letters with the arrest of Benjamin Brown, 42, of Pennington avenue after a dramatic pursuit through the city streets and his subsequent admission of his guilt. Only re- gently Brown was declared insane and disposition of his case turned back from federal to state courts.
 P. o. Clerks Met Here
 As tribute to State President Edgar D. Dwyer, the annual con vention of postal clerks was held in this city early in the year, the sessions being held at the Elton and the Elks club. Hundreds of postal workers from all parts of the state gathered here in Febru- ary for the meetings, voting 10 ask for restoration of federal pay cuts.
 Waterbury's new post office
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-29

building continued tow in the ad- miration of those seeing it for the first time. Highlighting the year as far as the building was concerned was the final unwinding of govern ment red tape to allow painting of the post office interior, and the battle which then ragged when the color scheme chosen for the inter- for painting was a little too rad ical for conservative Waterburians. During 1884, the building failed to get it's interior lighting fixtures installed. but the government has recently promised that they are on the way.
 Permanent F. M.
 The year saw an improvement in post office business, retirement of several veteran workers, ard continued improvement in the de- livery and dispatch of mail of all varieties. Washington failed during the year to take any action on the naming of permanent post master, other than to name Acting Postmaster Kelley and Commis- sioner Charles Babin as eligible after they and a number of others had taken civil service examina- tions.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-29
Santy Returning For I'D Riddles

Santy Claus will come again this afternoon on 8 special visit to the State Ariiiory, where he is to greet children of members Of the Yankee Division association.
 Each year Santy returns to Waterbury to play host to the YD kiddics. He has a warm spot in his big heart for these youngsters, for he is anxious to make up In happiness and kindness for the Christmas holidays of IF and '1S that their daddies spent far from home. Some of the youngsters have lost their daddics within recent years and Santy, above all, wants to meet them this afternoon.
 The reception committee for St Nicholas wants all the kid dies whose fathers served in the I'D on hand at 2:3O o'clock this afternoon, wheth- CT or not they have been in- vited. They will be welcomed if they attend and greatly missed, if they failed to be on hand for the festivities and for the little gifts that Santy brought them.
 A special entertainment prO- gram will be presented with some of the children taking part. Frederick w. Rowe, newly elected president of the YD, announces the following as the committee on arrange ments: Walter Bolan, chair. man; Joseph Meyer and John Clcary. The YD auxiliary will be represented by Mrs Mar garet GreHier who will he as. sistant chairman, Jeremiah Griffin, secretary of the HD, is assisting the committee.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-29
MILITARY LEADER
 TO GIVE. ADDRESS
Colonel Lewis L. Field Se=
 cured for National De- fense Night, Jan IS

Colonel Lewis L. Field, com 1nanding officer of the 102nd in- fantry, will be a speaker at the National Defense night observance to be held here January IS at Buckingham hall. it was announc- ed at the meeting of the National Defense committee and the Vet erans' council last night.
 Colonel Seery Hayes, brother of Mayor Frank Hayes, has accepted an invitation to speak and invita- tions have been sent to General Douglas MacArthur, chief of staff of the United States army and to Rear Admiral Emery s. Land of the navy bureau of construction and repair.
 No admission will be charged, as the object of the meeting is to in- terest the public in the necessity of preparedness and maintenance of the army and navy at equal strength with those of other coun- tries.
 A request was sent to the park department that the guns at Wash. ington and Hamilton parks be kept in good condition and be protected from the weather. The council &C., cepted an invitation to attend in- stallation ceremonies of the I'D association January 26.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-29
CHILEANS HAVE
 HOPES FOR 1885
Advances in 1884 Make Them Optimistic-C0p=
 per Production Rose
By WILLIAM HORSEY ,itnH AreSS Staff Cnsss.nSunuh

SHitcu HFeSS StHll correspondent
 Santiago-UP) -Uninterrupted commercial and industrial recov- cry in Chile in the past year frightened the outlook for 1885.
 The Exchange Control Board. which. from January f to October 31, 1884, issued foreign exchange permits triple the value of those granted in the corresponding period of 1888.
 Beneficial exchange reform was pushed at the yeasr- end when the Central Bank of Chile fixed the official exchange rate at 1922 pesos to the dollar and 94.96 pesos to the pound sterling.
 Previously, official rates had been 9.61 pesos to the dollar and 47.4S to the pound,' while the com mercial rate, or exchange in the free market. held steady around 25 pesos to the dollar. It was planned to allow the commercial rate to rise gradually to the new official rate, which would be made standard. putting the currency on firm basis.
 The Central Bank in 1884 con- tinued bringing back it's ear- marked gold from New York. The amount of currency in circulation remained high in relation to slender gold stocks. but imitation definitely ceased In 1883. There was a tendency toward deflation In the past year.
 Unemployment dwindled from 45,O00 on January 1, 1884. to i4,0OO at the end of September Manufacturing indices rose stead fly throughout the year. practical ly all lines showing great precent' ages of Incrense over even the boom years Of ip2g-29.
 Cooper production rose steadily from iG.00O tons in January to s4.OO0 in September. Coal pr0duc' ton ran at high levels. touchInp on nil-time record Of iGC,O0O tom ln August. Gold valued at more than 1.OOO. .OOO was mined and production in July reached e new high record. Nitrate shipments Mero the best Go years. ARrlcui' ture flfarlshed despite on uneer. tain wheat situation.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-29
SURFACE OF MOON
 CAUSES ARGUMENT
Experts Disagree With Conclusions of One
 Another

Rochester, N. Y. (UP)-Partial disagreement with conclusions, an- nounced by Dr F. E. Wright, of the Carnegie Institution, that the surface of the moon is composed of translucent rocks, was an- nounced here by Professor Brian O'Brien, of the University Of Rochester.
 For the last three years, investi- gations have been pursued under the direction of Professor O'Brien at the Institute of Applied Optics on the River Campus, on the same matter, he declared.
 Although he agreed in general with Dr Wright's findings, which were announced recently in Wash- | ington, Professor O'Brien said that the local investigations thus far have failed to show that light reaching the mon penetrhtes more than an exceedingly short distance before reflection.
 Great difficulties beset investi- gators who wish to examine In de- tnil the fine structure of the s'ir- face of a cold body a quarter of a million miles away. Professor O'Brien pointed out, however. While Dr. Wright and he are seeking the same information. he said. two entirely different meth- ods are being used.
 The local investigators he said, arc measuring the reilocting power of the mons surface for uitrn- violet light. while Dr Wright ln measuring tho polarization of light reflection from the moon.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-29
BRITISH PLANS
 JOINT COMBINE
New Land, Sea and Air Travel Company Being
 Visualized
By ROBERT c. DOWSON


 United Press Staff Correspondent
 London-(UP)-The possibility of huge, state aided, British combine of land, sea and air travel organizations is visualized as the result of number of agreements between transportation companies
 The latest of these is the recent agreement between the Cunard- White Star Line and Imperial Air ways. Under this agreement the Cunard-Wh Star act as general agents for Imperial Airways in the United States thus providing Im- perial Airways with five thousand agents in the United States. On the other hand the airways organ ization in Britain, on the Conti- nent and throughout the British Empire will be utilized for book ing passages by Cunard-White Star ships.
 Another recent link up was that between Imperial Airways and the four British railroad companies. A few. years ago the railways suf- fered severly from competition from road transport. When in- ternal air services appeared to be on the increase the railways de- cided to have a share in the busi- ness.
 A new company was formed and named Railway Air Services, in which the four railroad companies and Imperial Airways are equally interested. In the event of one of the railroad companies wishing to run an air service between any two points on their route Railway Air Services operate the air line at the expense of the railroad company.
 It will be recalled that both the Cunard-White Star and Imperial Airways have received financial support from the British govern ment and it is quite possible that relations between these two great transport concerns and the British railways will be cemented even more closely in the future.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-29
|SCIULLO RENAMED BY ITALIAN CLUB
Attorney Carmen CiprianO Elected Vice-President
 of Democrat Unit

Alderman Charles F. Sciullo was reelected president of the Italian American Democratic club last night at the annual meeting of the organization in the aldermanic chambers off the city hall. Other officers chosen were: Vice-president Attorney Carmine Cipriano; sec retary, John Perrello; treasurer, Welfare Commissioner Emil Mas colo; sergeant-at-arms, Alfonso Ferrara; official orator, Professor Generoso Ruggiero.
 The club members decided to draw up slate of persons whom the organization will back for state positions under the incom- ign democratic regime. This Is Al derman Sciullo's third term as rpesident ofthe local club. He is also president of the Connecticut Federation of Italian-Amefican Democratic clubs.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-29

100 less single men being cared for than at this time last year.
 The total amount spent by the fund since it's inception is S1,975,- 900. The balance on hand at present is $15,890.
 Dependents Increase
 Last year there were approxi- mately 2000 persons on govern ment relief, of which number HOO were taken from the Mutual Aid. To-day there are less than 500 be- ing given government aid. The 70 clerical and professional FERA employees are not included in this figure as they are not regarded as eligible for Mutual Aid employ ment. City charity departments are aiding 750 to-day as compared with 450 last year.
 A substantial boost to the relief work here has been made by the introduction of the federal com modities program, which has reached it's peak during the past year. MT Harris is in direct charge of the distribution of the commod- tiles in Waterbury but has dele gated his assistant, Wallace J. In. glis, to supervise the work.
 Commodities
 During the past year thousands of pounds of commodities have been given out to needy families in this city. It should be under stood, however, that the allotments are not substituted for the relief rations given out by the Mutua. Aid, but are given to deserving families as an extra allotment
 Since october, 1883, the follow ing foods have been shipped here in various quantities: pork, roast beef, cereal, flour, beans, cheese butter, lard, fresh beef, veal, rice and cabbage. The total poundage of the commodities was 431,614
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-29
OFFICERS ELECTED
 BY CREDIT UNION

Mrs John Hermann was chos- en president of the local German Credit Union at meeting of that organization held at St Cecilia's Hall last night. Other officers elected include Edward l.. Seibert. vice-presldent: Anna Hermann. treasurer: Emily Franek. secretary Robert Herr, chairman of the di- recting board; Alfred Scherer. Charles Frey and Victoria Libreich credit committee and Emily Franek, Gertrude Wollschlager and Joseph Gerard, supervisory com mittee.
 Further action by the Union will be taken by the organlzat ion when the proper sullieE. inciudln. stationery are received in this city. lt is expected that another meet Ing will take place on Monday January 7th,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-29
JUDGE BUSINESSES
 NON-SUIT MOTION

Judge John A. Cornell denies the motion for non-suit on the case of Mary Wojowicz of New York against the Laube Motor Lines, Inc, of this city, in a decision handed down yesterday. The ap- plication was filed by counsel for the trucking company on the ground that the plaintiffs counsel withdrew from the case and she is now unrepresented. Judge Cornell says the plaintiff has done nothing under the statutes to constitute grounds for non-suit and suggested the case be left in its present status until it is claimed for trial. If then the woman Is unrepresented by counsel. q motion for non-suit will then be in order, the decision says.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-29
BRITISH VETS TO
 MEET JANUARY 10
Installation to Feature ArmOry SessiOnD. H.
 Craig Commander

Installation of officers of Lord Kitchener Post, British War veter- ans will take place Jan. 10 at 8 p. m.. in the posts rooms at the arnory. All members and pros- pective members are urged to att tend. The committee in charge of arrangements include: Vice-com- mander Michael Austin, chairman, James Burton, Donald Macdonald, William Gardner and Lucian Helie.
 Lieutenant D. H. Craig will be installed as commander of the post. All veteran organizations of the city have been sent invitations to attend. Refreshments will be served in the social program that follows the installation.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-29
DATES ASSIGNED
 FOR EXAMINATIONS

A number from Waterbury are expected to take the examinations in hairdressing and cosmetology which will be held at the state Cap itol building in Hartford, January 14th. The tests will start at 9:30 o'clock in the morning and will last throughout the morning until all candidates have been given a chance. Those who have not filed applications to take the examina- tions have been urged to do so because the Applications will not be accepted after January 7th.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-29
MRS ELLEN CASEY
 DIES IN BOROUGH
(SDcciaI tO The DcmOcrat ]

Naugatuck, Dec 29.-Mrs Ellen Casey died at 9:30 o'clock this morning at her home. 251 Cherry street. after an illness of two years. She was born in Ireland, but came to this country as a young girl and resided here most of her life.
 She is survived by a daughter, Helen; two sons, Thomas and Jo3 seph, all of Naugatuck: and two grandsons in Waterbury.
 Funeral arrangements will be announced later.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-29
OLD COIN DUG UP

East Wolfeboro, N. II. --(UP) - While employed on excavations at the old Governor John Wentworth estate, Elmer Morgan, IS, dug up a copper coin bearing the date 1713. It is believed to be an English colonial penny. perhaps of conaI0 erabie value for Ats antiquity.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-29
BOTH BOXERS KNOCKED
 OUT

Hartford. Conn (UPP)-Mike Jarvis and "codflah" Baiesano, amateur featherweights, both landed haymaserB at tho same time and Knocked each other Ou. in the first round. However, Jar. wis came Co before the count iln. ished and was awarded the deei- sion.