davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1934-09-20
BOWERY BOss MURDERED

New York. Sept. N.-(R-na,agg
lfarb. the BOSS Of the Bowery anu
Known for his benevolences TO cow.
ahd-outers Of that part OF MAMMA 49,.
'ai was shot down and killed III VIZ
Gang manner "wednesday nlght'
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-10-12
Samuel Leibowitz and the
Defense of Scottsboro Boys
by Burck
An Editorial

Dozens of attorneys of national note have been
brought into the case. They were brought in with
out regard to their politics Affiliations
There was always only question: Can they
contribute to the boys defense?-can they aid
in saving the boys lives?
When Leibowitz could aid the defense he
brought in; when Chamee or Pollak or others
could best contribute they were used Always the
aim was the freedom of the boys.
Even Leibowitz has on numerous occasions been
obliged to admit in speeches and in the press that
If it were not for the International Labor Defense
and It's determined militant defense the boys would
have been executed at the very outset of the case
He has repeatedly commended the 1, L. D. for its
work. Yet today, like the chsrlatan he has proven
himself to be, he double-crosses the L L. D. and
places the boys lives in jeopardy
From the beginning of the case the leadership
of the National Association for the Advancement of
Coored People and certain church leaders have been
more concerned with fighting Communists than in
fighting for the freedom of the boys. The defense
has had to be defenseasainst their maneuvers as
well as against the Southern lynchers
Now Leibowitz has gone over to these forces
And in doing SO there becomes the danger that
these people will handle the Scotsboro case as they
handled the Crawford case that they will turn the
boys over for life term in Southern prison. or
possibly even worse. that one ground or another
they will abandon the defense, permitting them to
be murdered
This requires the greatest vigilance from the
workers movement The defense of the boys must
go on. The mass defense must be enlarged Millions
must be again drawn into the fight to prevent the
execution of Haywood Patterson and Clarence
Norris on December 7th and to force the freedom Of
the boys The greatest pressure must be exerted to
get a reversal of their conviction in the United
States Supreme Court.
At the outset we declared our intentions of
turning over the records requested by Leibowitz
This will be done. Nothing will be put in the way
of real defense. But the mass movement will be
broadened. The defense tactics of Lsibowitz will be
watched. The vigilance of the masses will be
aroused The masses will continue to fight.
Finally assure the masses who have an
swered our call to the Scottsboro defense, the
Communists not out of the Scottsboro case.
We will be in the center of the until the
lives of the boys saved until the boys are freed
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-10-12
The Silk Situation

CLOSE to 20 small silk shops are now on
y strike in Paterson, n. j., against the
blacklist and the attempts of the en-
ployers to lower wages at the close of the
recent general textile strike.
The re-strike movement of the textile
workers has begun. While Francis German, leader
Of the United Textile Workers Union and be-
trayer of the general strike, has proclaimed six
month no-strike truce" the textile workers have
already begun their struggles against the attack
of the employers. They are not accepting lying
down the blacklist the low wage and stretchout
drive of the mill barons which is a direct result
of Germans sell-out.
The silk workers demanding a general silk
strike in answer to the employers attacks. The
$4,000 dyers are fighting for decent conditions in
their new contract. They have forced Germans
Paterson lieutenant. Eli Keller, to make gesture
toward a general strike Of silk and dye workers.
But Eli Keller, the Lovestoneite renegade from
Communism, continues to play his role of agent of
the Green-Gorman machine. Keller asks permits
sion of Green and German for the calling OF the
silk workers out on strike Oct. Is.
KELLER KNOWS AND EVERY WORKER
KNOWS THAT GREEN AND GORMAN WILL
NOT GIVE THEIR CONSENT TO GENERAL
SILK AND DYE STRIKE. Keller is simply spar
ring for time, trying TO render futile the mill
fancy of the Paterson silk and dye workers he
did during the general strike. KelIerS obvious
role as head of the Paterson Silk Workers Union
(U.T.W), is to Immediately prepare the general
silk strike and call the workers out But Keller
of will not do this.
He continues to follow Green's expulsion policy,
kicking out mitantS from the union. He continues
to carry out Germans no strike policy as he did
when he refused to call the dyers on strike during
the general strike.
The silk workers of Paterson will have to take
immediate action to prepare their own general
strike if they to defeat the Roosevelt German
no strike truce under cover of which their wages
are being reduced and many being blacklisted
The rank and file opposition in the U.TW. in
Paterson calls the silk workers to take the fol-
lowing steps at once to win their demands: u Call
a meeting of all workers on strike and elect
a strike committee which will have the support of
all the workers. Enlarge the relief committee.
p Call meeting of all shop chairmen and at this
meeting elect committee for strike action against
wage cuts and discrimination. 81 Call meeting in
one of the largest halls for dye and silk workers
and at this meeting mobilize the workers for strike
action when the dyers' contract expires this month
The membership has already demanded Keller's
removal because of his treachery during the gen.
ersl strike and because of his expulsion policy The
defeat of the Roosevelt German Keller policy of
accepting wage cuts and blacklist without strug-
gle, calls for the removal of Keller from the union
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-10-12

artificially by paying per capita tax
on nonresident mem aership. In
the case of the bricklayers he
pointed out that they had apparent
" increased their membership from
$4,000 to $4,000 in some three
months.
There has been no increase in
employment in 18 months. He closes
by characterizing the recommended
ton as a gun at the head of the
officials of the Building Trades and
said they would never stand for it..
Membership Ignored
McSorley of the Lathers Union
opposed the repo-'.. He complained
that it was fine accommodation
and in so years in the A. F. of L.,
he had never known decision to
be final before. He then raised
frankly the question of official jobs
involved. He sad that McDonough,
"is in a good position in Washing
ton" and that his good relations
with the Code Authority are all
important-for his fellow-o officials, Of
course; because the membership was
never mentioned in the. course of the
entire debate.
T1acv. Of the electrical workers
spoke for the commandments
urally, since it would place his or
ganization in q dominant position
in the Building Trades department
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-10-12
Wages and Prices

COMMENTING upon the growing move
" ment among the American working
class for shorter work week without any
reduction in pay, the New York Times,
one of the leading organs of Wall Street,
attempts editorialy to persuade the workers that
a rise in wages will be of use to them, since
the employers would only retalate by raising prices
in the same proportion.
This argument" against increased wages is an
old story in capitalist economic theory.
But Karl Marx, revolutionary genius who founded
the First International and the world Communist
movement for the overthrow of capitalism, long
ago blasted this theory to pieces in his famous pam
phlet, Value, Price and Profit"
Marx shows that the prices of commodities can
not be fixed simply by the wishes of the employers
that the employers cannot simply raise prices when
they wish. Marx shows that this argument
proving that the workers ought to accept without
any resistance steady degradation of their wages
and living standards is based the exploded fall
lacy that the prices of commodities are determined
by wages. He shows that in many cases where
wages relatively high, the price of the COM
modify is relatively low, and vceversa, where wages
are low the price of the commodity to be sold can
be relatively high as for example in agricul-
ture today where farm labor gets starvation wages
while farm prices are rising.
Prices, Marx shows, are determined not by what
the employers want to charge, but by unavoidable
economic relations between the value of one COM
modify and another. An employer cannot simply
decide out of his own sweet will to raise prices in
order to make up for wage increase.
He cannot do this because as soon as he did
that his market would shrink forcing him to reduce
his prices again. And if an entire industry decides
to raise prices, then the same process, whereby
capital would flow to it to take advantage of the
high rate of profit would bring prices down again
through competition and expanding production.
From this, Marx shows that the class struggle
between the worker and the employer around wages
hollis down to struggle to the rate Of profit
Of the employee; the higher the wages. the less
the profit, the lower the profit, the higher the
wages.
There is no such thing, Marx shows, 'low"
wages or high naturally fixed by some nscrut-
ibe fate. The working class can force steadily in
creased wages through struggle, and these in
creased will give the workers real benefits in
increased ability to buy goods.
If workers win wages, and employers get
less profits, prices will not rise as result, be-
cause "the aggregate demand for commodities would
therefore not increase, only the constituent parts
of the demand will change, and thus change
whatever could take place in the market price Of
commodities" (Mar0.
and the bosses would have to get along on less
profit. The fight for higher wages ard shorter
hours can bring real advances to the york;.
But only the New York Times and the capitalist
class could see anything v=--- in that
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-10-12
Continued OF Page q

CONTINUED OF Page p
lives of the Scottsboro boys has been the greatest
factor in American history in uniting the masses
white and black, in the fight for Negro rights
In fact it was the Stupdities of LeiboWitz, his
insulting remarks about the Southerners morons
etc remarks publicly repudiated by the Daily
Worker and the I,L.D.-which stirred up difficult
ties in the South difficulties which Communists
worked to iron out by increasing eftorts-suc-
cessfully also-to bring Southern workers and lib
erals into the Scottsboro defense.
Harlem Negro attorney. John M. Griggs, un-
known to the Daily Worker. when interviewed yes
tercay by the Amsterdam News correctly estimated
the treachery of Leibowitz and also answered his
charges He stated:
ITS just a subterfuge. He knew at the time
he entered the that the LID in charge
Of the matter, and he quite familiar, every
one else was with the fact that they were en-
gagged in extensive propaganda He remained in
the after the LID. had staged its demonstra-
ton in Washington, during the sitting with the
Supreme Court
He knows that these cases cannot be success
fully defended without financing, and it's neces-
sary for these people to hold paid mass meet
ings in order to raise the necessary money, if
they can't it otherwise. The N A. A. C. p.
had withdrawn from the prior to his entry,
practically the grounds on which he
bases his withdrawal.
HE has secured about million dollars in
advertisement on the case, and he proceeds
to out the defense"
THE Daily Worker, speaking for the Communist
Party, entered the Scottsboro case on April 2nd
1881 with an appeal to the International Labor
Defense and the broad masses Of toilers to enter
energetically into the fight to the lives of the
nine boys
few days later, on April 9th, the International
Labor Defense entered the case designated by the
boys as their defense instrument.
Since then the Communists and the Interna-
tional Labor Defense has made the Scottsboro case
an international case, The lives of nine formerly
obscure boys have become the property of an in
ternational movement Millions of workers. farm
ers and middle class people have participated in
their defense. For this reason primarily these nine
boys are alive today.
AZ the same time the best legal talent has been
provided, the strongest legal battle has been made
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-10-12
RooSeVelt'S NeU Wdge>Cut
DriVe

IN HIS interview with the press on
Wednesday, Roosevelt announced new
drive for higher prices This latest move
to help big business was made at the die
tates of finance capital On the very day
Of the announcement Roosevelt was comforting with
Russell c. LeffngWel, a partner of J. P Morgan.
Roosevelt attempted to conceal his latess attack
on the living standards of the working class by
mounting the hypocritical statement that wages
ought to go up along with prices. But the history
Of the new deal shows that while prices have been
forced up, wages have remained frozen at starva-
ton levels in the minimum wages of the N R. A.
codes Consequently the workers real wages have
decreased
What has risen is the cost of living According
Board, living costs have gone up 1873 per cent from
April, 1888 to Sept. 1884. Consequently while the
capitalist class has made enormous profits the iv
ing standards of the workers have been steadily
beaten down
Along with the prospect of higher prices, the
workers are confronted by wage cutting drive
for which Roosevelt gave the signal in his labor
truce of Sept. 90 To accelerate the rise of prices
Roosevelt is also developing inflationary
measures centering around the proposed central
government bank.
TO meet this offensive against their living stand
ards the workers mus fight for increases in wages
that will at least be equal to the increase in the
cost of food, clothing and shelter And the unem-
pioyed must Immediately demand more cash relief
since rising prices will cut down on what little relief
they ges now.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-10-12

featured the pretext The Jugoslavian riots" have
been deliberately engineered, just as the assassina-
ton by Italian fascism.
The only force that stands in the way of war,
that can stop war. that prepare now, if this
war should come, to transform it into a civil war
for the overthrow Of capitalism, is the prostariat
the working class who will have to lose their lives
by the millions in the event of war.
Down with imperisist war!
Mobilize the united front of the workers to pre-
vent warl
Stay the bloody hand of world capitalism about
to plunge humanity into the most criminal muir
de-ous adventure in all history!
Act now against war!
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-10-12
Act Nouv Against War!

INSPIRED anti-Italian riots throughout
Jugoslavia over the assassination of the
tyrant King Alexander are speedily fol-
lowing the path of the Sarajevo assassina-
ton which preceded the last world impe-
rialist slaughter.
Open charges are being made in Jugo-
slsuia that the force behind the assassination of
Alexander and Barthou was the fascist government
Of Itsly All Of the bitterest contradictions of Eu-
rcpean capitalism are at the exploding point, and
war may break out at any moment.
Every moment now becomes tenser. Armies are
moving to the field of battle. War planes are ready
fer their deadly flights The entire capitalist world
Is rocking on the precipice of war
Are tae toiling masses of the world again going
to permit the capitalist bandits the pretext of
assassination, to plunge the entire world into
new and bloodier slaughter?
The whole working class, all forces against war
must be aroused into action now. Protest demon
workers to a realization of the danger, must be
Undertaken now BY world wide action immedi-
atsly the proetarat, with their united front action
can stay the hand of the bloody exploiters and
rulers.
The danger is tremendous Even while these
hnes IRE being written the forces Of war may al
rcdg he let bose Every fector for war is ten times
greater than in 1914. Every in1peralist power has
kesn. Preparing TOR this war. They have now manu-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-10-12
AL Debate Bares
Chiefs Corruption
Continued from Page y

gle of such bitterness. bringing with
1t such exposures of the inner decay
and dishonesty of the upper labor
of6cialdom, that, could it have been
broadcast to the union membership
and the whole working class, it
would aid greatly the revolt now in
progress. Each side exposed the
other and even cynical newspaper
men were somewhat astonished BY
the revelations made.
Building Trades Head Speaks
President McDonough, of the
building trades department, who is
also a member of the Construction
Code Authority. opened the debate.
he wore large diamond ring and
diamond stick pin which contra stsd
strangely with the conditions of the
building trades workers in whose in
terests he was supposed to speak,
and who these officials admit are
IS per cent unemployed.
McDonough proceeded to expose
the duplicity of his opponents with
President Eucheson of the carpen-
tiers, heading the list. He read a
letter from Hucheson to the mem
bership of his union instructing
them that, although they were sup
posed to go back into the building
trades, they were to observe the con-
ditions of the triple fighting alliance
against all other crafts Jointly with
the electrical workers and brick
layers. They were instructed to sur
render no jurisdiction of any kind
under any circumstances.
Long List of Treacheries
McDonough then reed a long list
OF intrigues, treacheries, splits and
secessions engineered, as he claimed
BY Huchscon He then accused the
electrical workers and bricklayers
union heads of having boosted their
voting strength in the convention
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-10-12
FRIDAY, OCTOBER II, 1884
Seamen! Stop ScabH erding.

WHILE seamen and licensed officers are
" striking, fighting hard on picket lines
for improved wages and living conditions,
Victor Olander, Silas Axtel and other
leaders of the international Seamen's
Union, having failed to halt the strike from going
into effect last Monday, are now playing the &C
tus1 role of chief herders of scabs for the ship
owners.
These so-called labor leaders have admitted
openly to the press that they have been called
upon several times to supply men for the struck
vessels and according to the New York Times, the
men were supplied in each instance"
They have supplied strikebreakers for the Texas
Ranger the first ship struck in New York Harbor
The strike committee reports that I.S.U, oncials
have put men aboard the Lammot du Pont and
the Santa Elena.
Such brazen acts of strike-breaking are un
exampled in the annals Of union labor in the
Atlantic seaports.
Here is strike five days old, led by united
front strike committee strike against the in
human conditions existing aboard ships for higher
wages and shorter hours. The shipowners want to
break this strike because they do not want to pay
the seamen decent wages.
And in their attempts to break the strike, they
are using their best allies, the labor misleaders,
ISU. leaders-agents of the capitalist class in the
ranks of the workers.
Now. that these misleaders have failed to check
the strike on the basis of sweet promises tnat they
will discuss the demands of the men with the ship
owners and settle everything on some fsr-of day
without resorting to strike action, they have be-
come the leading herders of scabs.
In spite of this however, the strike is still firm.
1t has every possibility of spreading and being VIC
torious
But in order to spread the strike, one immedi-
ate task stands before the seamen. They must drive
the scab-herding I.sU. officials from the ranks of
the workers.
Rank and file members of the LSU. should de-
mand at once that their leaders stop shipping
strikebreakers aboard the ships.
Mass picket lines should be set up in front of
every hall where IS.U. officials are shipping scabs.
This scabbery must be stopped.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-10-12
Soviet Heavy Industry
Makes Rapid Advance
Within Last 9 Months
'speciaI to tie pail w--.-r,

MOSCOW, Oct. (By Wireless).
Soviet heavy industry Is achiev-
ing new progress every year.
In 1884 its progress stands out
wildly in comparison with :'ormer
years. For the first nine months of
1882 heavy industry had fulfilled a
little over half of the yearly plan.
Nine months of 1888 saw "a per
cen of the plan fulfilled. In 1884,
according to preliminary calcula-
tions, ever 70 per cent of the plan
will be fulfilled.
The output of tractors stands
first in this respect; 1877 per cent
of the yearly plan has been full
filled in nine months. Next is coke,
1868 per cent; pig iron, 76.l per
cent; electric power, 75.4 per cent.
Next comes the output of mineral
fertilizers, 74.5 per cent; Super-
phosphate, 1872 per cent; motor
cars. 1913 per cent; trucks, tit per
cent; coal and iron ore, TOT per
cent. More pig iron and steel has
been smelted in nine months OF
1854 than in the whole of 1888.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-10-12
French Imperialism
Increases Arms Plants

PRAGUE, Oct. 1.-THE number
of far-flung ammunition factories
built and supervised by French i'm
perialisnn throughout the Balkans is
to be increased in Rumania, from
reports received here.
TIE Czechoslovakian arms factory
in Brunn-Trench own e doom
Guided an agreement with Rumania
according to which q munitions fac
tory is to be erected in the vicinity
of Bucharest and machine build
ing works at Gugyr
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-10-12

Lindeloff, of the painters, opposed
it.
Franklin, of the hoilermakers OPP
posed the recommendation which
rsyerses the action of the recent
building trades convention and took
the opportunity to dig up some old
scandals and hint at new ones. He
asked why if the principle Of de-
partment autonomy was to be vio-
lated now it had not been done when
his organization appealed against q
decision kicking them out of the
Building Trades.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-10-12

Contributions received to the
crcdi of Harry Cannes in his So
cialist corpetition with Del. Mike
Gold, the Medical Advisory 3oard,
Eelcn Luxe, Jacob Burcl, and David
Ramsey. in the Daily Worker drive
FOR 100000. Quo.a-S500.
ANONYMOUS ......,....,....S s.U1
Previously received. .....,.,. s4.65
Total to date ss7.6s
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1934-09-26
WISCONSIN PAVING
TO BEGIN SHORTLY
Work on Tracks to Be Delayed
Pending Decision on
Ownership.
~ staf Correspondent of The Star.

BETHESDA, Md, September 90
The State Roads Commission has
decided to proceed at once with the
repaving and widening of the two eX-
listing traffic lanes on Wisconsin avenue
between the District of Columbia line
and Old Georgetown road, it was
learned late yesterday.
Improvement of the center of the
avenue. occupied by Capital Transit
Co. tracks. scheduled to be carried out
as part of the work. will wait, how
ever. until attorneys can definitely de-
termine ownership of the railroad
right of way and whether the traction
firm must share the cost
Widening of the avenue to IS feet
and repaving of the entire thorough
fare had been settled upon as one of
the major projects of the Sl2,000000
highway improvement program being
carried out this year with State and
Public Works Administration funds.
but the work here has been delayed as
a result of the controversy over the
ownership of the railway right of way.
Attorneys for the State Roads Com
mission, the Capital Transit Co. and
the Board of Montgomery County
Commissioners have held several con-
ferences without reaching any de-
cision and highway officials have de-
cided to proceed at once on improving
the two existing lanes