davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1934-08-19

A distinctly healthful ferment thus
was set up within the industry as
whole; a ferment destined eventually
to clarity the clouded atmosphere and
evolve q broad plan of future pro-
cedure.
As an immediate result the decade
1e24-1934 saw rapid advances. In
duStrial organizations, slow to accept
power changes because Of installations
of and investments in steam plants,
doubled their electrification annually.
The advent of electric washing ma
chimes, irons and mangles, vacuum
cleaners, refrigerators, radios, sewing
machines, egg beaterS, hair curriers',
dishwashers, toasters, heaters and
stoves, air conditioners and score Of
other household appliances increased
our average annual consumer domes-
tic use from 378 to 604 kilowatt hours
and correspondingly reduced the aver
age annual price per kilowatt hour
from $720 to $549. (In 1914 we
used an average of only 268 kilowatt
hours and paid $3.50 for the service.
Today that average consumption Is
we'll above 5000 kilowatt hours, our
rates down to the 50 mark.
Plants Multiply.
Hydro-electric plants, both private
and public, also multiplied. The great
Western power and reclamation prof.
ects were conceived and in many
cases completed. The Federal Water
Power Commissions influence in con-
trolling and licensing, regulating and
supervising the industry was felt. In
ventors and engineers did their bit
in deviSing new and more economical
apparatus for production and trans
mission. Millions of investors came
to the aid of utility expansion, in
some cases to reap tidy dividends, In
others to lose their savings in un-
fortunate financial crashes such as
that of the huge insult combine.
The depression of the early 30s
hindered many developments which
otherwise might have been effected.
It was a dark hour for the industry
for a while, but only just before the
dawn.
For in 1888 came Franklin D.
Roosevelt to the White House.
Long a student and advocate of
power expansion-especially hydro
electric power-his ascension to the
presidential chair breathed new life
into the industry.
Immediately, through the Bureau Of
Reclamation under DR.. Elwood Mead,
director, unusual activity was mani
tested. Through the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation and the Public
Works Administration and the Federal
Emergency Relief Administration,
funds we're made available for the
Inauguration of a score of great
projects, including the completion of
Boulder Dam and the building of
Grand Coulee, Casper-Alcova. Bonne-
vile, Kenneth, Friant, Flaming Gorge,
Bridge Canyon and a host of other,
now famous names
The Federal Power Policy and Plan
ming Commission was organized.
Orders were issued to the various
Evening star., 1934-08-19

YOU may envision the magnitude of
this of which I write; but even then
YOU cannot see but an infinitesimal
part of what it has meant to our
Industrial, civic, social structure.
Waterpower, after all, is only one
of a trinity of great primary sources
which have been developing, side by
side, these years. Coal and oil, the
other two, equally are responsible for
our progress, equally relatively pro-
ductive of electrical energy.
These three are the causes Of it
all, this present electrical state of
ours; they will be discussed here but
briefly, in detail in articles to follow.
In them, we see, lies production.
From there we journey to the i'm
portant realm of distribution, an in
tegral part Of production, for only
through a vast network of economical
distributive facilities have we been
enabled to provide that energy to the
consumer at cost low enough to
attract the enormous usage of today
and a cost decreasing in ratio to the
increase of that consumption. Which
in turn brings us to the greatest of
all these factors-the effect of this
marvellous development of funda-
mental resources upon our popula-
tions.
Start Back in 1894.
Let us start, then, 40 years ago,
1894. Electricity generated then came
from isolated plants in our various
communities; the motive power was
steam; the fuel was coal The ap-
paratus used then now graces odd
corners in our industrial museums
the Smithsonian, in Washington; the
Franklin, in Philadelphia; the Rosen-
wald, in Chicago.
In the insuing 20 years the first
start toward national use of hy-
yiraulic power was made. Progress
eventually eliminated in the con-
struction of the huge plants at
Niagara Falls, to the distress of honey
mooners and the walls of those to
whom scenery is sacred.
In the decade 1914-24 we saw fur
ther progresS-and one more vital
step toward our present position, this
in the utilization of the discovery
CEaC lSOldGcu p1dlCS SC1lcIdI111S d1IcI-
mating current, whether operated by
steam or water, could be intercon-
nected successfully, so that their joint
power might be available to any con-
sumner on any of their individual lines.
Game, too, developments in the
transmission of high voltages, the
$500 of many generative plants being
"stepped-up" in multiplied units until
66 900. and even 10000, volts were
reached. (Today We use 100000
volts for the same purpoSe) This,
in each succeeding upward step, de-
creased transmission losses, enabled
the use of smaller and consequently
cheaper wires for long distance hauls,
transformed the power plant from a
purely local institution to an urban
rural carrier. At that time 300 miles
was the limit of transmission; today
there Is no limit.
The end of this decade saw three
regional territories thus linked to-
Evening star., 1934-08-19
Looking Back from 1864

gether through interconnected plants
and high-tension systems-l,2 200 miles
Of it on the Pacific Coast; networks
in New England and the Southeastern
States-and others gradually spread
ing out.
During this 10-year period, too came
the first serious, practical studies Of
the possibilities inherent in the de-
velopment of giant power" The re-
port of the Giant Power Commission
Of Pennsylvania, under the director
ship of Morris Llewellyn Cooke, later
a leader in Federal power and policy
planning, gave impetus to this activity.
Engineers surveyed, lectured, wrote {;
Governors of States messaged their
Legislature: politicians made cam
paign issues out of it; private utility
proponents battled with public owner
ship advocates over their respective
claims for control of future progress.
Evening star., 1934-08-19

inceSsant journey to Neptune's lair
diverging for a moment here and there
to bring to monster turbines life and
energy.
Old Man River, the Mississippi,
plowing his sonorous way to the Gulf;
his progeny, the Tennessee. Ohio,
Missouri; a thousand other sturdy
streams from a thousand other water
sheds, all giving of their strength to
humankind and its desires.
Look at them, these rivers, on this
map herewith. Look at those black
dots upon their course-each dot a
massive dam of steel and concrete
anchored to the bedrock of Mother
Nature; each dot a sprawling power
house vibrating to the song of the
water wheel, to the whirring of gen.
orators gushing forth flood of magic,
invisible fluid destined to play vivid,
vital part in the lives of millions!
And looking, perhaps momentarily,
Evening star., 1934-08-19
Fixing Her Goal,
Japan Plans to Get 1t

TOKIO.-There is no country in
the world today that knows better
what 1t wants or that has greater de-
termination to get it than japan.
This may mean the tearing up of
treaties or, more politely stated, the
abrogation of treaties, but from the
Japanese point of view Japan finds
such action thoroughly justifiable in
her own eyes and that is all that
counts-to her.
Japan wants to dominate Asia, and
she is in a fair way Of doing it today.
With highly organized economy, with
tremendous activity thoroughly di-
rected, with all the vigor of a new
nation she has taken what culture
she needed from the now decadent
China, and from the West she has
taken those iron sinews of science
which she has needed and has di-
rected the lessons into channels suit
able to herself.
War No Longer Needed.
The war with Russia that was to
have come of this Spring, according
to all predictions-and many of them
had solid foundation-has not come
off,. and today there scarcely seems
to be the need for one. Japan Is
having her way In Manchuria, or
Manchukuo, and that is all she
wanted. 1t would be too hazardous
an undertaking to risk such a war
now, for she would only place in
jeopardy an organized economy that
is essential to her development.
The war with the United States,
that a year or so ago appeared SO
imminent, is as far of as it ever was,
and though the Japanese public has
been constantly coached into believing
that America and Japan are natural
enemies and are ever on the point of
flying at one another's throats, the
argument is getting somewhat stale.
Japan 1900 years ago was described
as "a young people In an early stage
of rapid development, likely to borrow
more than she could aSsimilate." The
appellation still holds true, for Japan
is still a young country in an early
stage of rapid development, but the
latest lessons, those from the West,
are being gradually assimilated.
Energy is Chief Asset.
It Is the rapidity Of the develop
ment, the tremendous speed and en-
ergy that runs through all spheres of
japanese life cnat is Japan's greatest
asset, the asset most to be feared by
the older nations that are muddling
sion, with or without organized econ
omy.
When Japan withdrew from the
League ~ Nations, she said in effect
hat she GA. Through with Political
interference or guidance, for she felt
she had learned from the older Euro
pean civilizations all that they could
teach her. She wanted no more inter-
ference, for every treaty filed with
the League represented to her, If not
an interference, then at least restric-
ton. She wanted no more of them,
Tor she had decided to use the tools
OF the West In her conquest economi-
cally, politically or territorially of the
East. And she enters THIS conquest
with tremendous advantages.
(Copyright. 1984.)
Evening star., 1934-08-19

engineering departments to launch a
series of surveys to determine "how
every drop of water could be made
to do its dutyl" To the Tennessee
Valley Authority was delegated the
task of extracting the latent re-
sources of that great river and water
shed and also the resuscitation of
the wartime Muscle Shoals Dam
project.
To the United States Army En-
gineers came a series of suecinct
instructions for full development of
the Mississippi Basin, with especial
emphasis on headwaters control.
Congress, long hesitant upon the
st. Lawrence Waterways plan, finally
acquiesced to the pressure of executive
desire, and ratified the treaty with
Canada, making this vision a GER
tainty. And with this precedent, 1t
wasn't long before negotiations with
Canada to permit the construction
Evening star., 1934-08-19

nap shouting the progress OF hydroelectric
development the United States in 1864 has been compiled
from records of the United States Bureau of Reclamation
the United States Policy and Planning Commission
the files of the Electrical World the Federal PoWer Commits
sion of "ant Po,ue made under the direction OF
Dr. Morris Lle1Deyn Cooke reports of the United States
Census and of the National Geological Surrey The
operating for there literally thousands OF the
quently it has limited to plants of than 10000
horsepower include projects both privately and
publicly oDned All Of them are part Of the national hig.
in circles country at large been dDided
into administrative regions by the Federal Po0er Com
mission.
Evening star., 1934-08-19
U. S. Monetary Policy
Watched by Britain

LONDON, August 18.-The Roose-
velt administrations monetary policy,
especially in so far as taking over
national silver stocks is concerned,
has again become the subject of
closest scrutiny in this country. This
is not due to idle curiosity or even
to the possible repercussions on
Anglo-American industrial and finan-
growing in London that for various
reasons Great Britain's economic re-
covery is now hanging fire. and that
this Autumn may see duplicated
here the present American demand
for business stimulation through
monetary manipulation.
Since for the second time follow
ing the World War Britain has
abandoned the gold standard, this
country's currency policy has been
pretty much one Of making a virtue
Of necessity. Up to Midsummer this
process was accomplished with fair
success. Even the devaluation of the
American dollar produced less harm
full effect than had been anticipated,
since Britain buys from the United
States far more than it sells, and
hence has been able to buy more
cheaply. While in neutral markets
additional bargaining power has been
given the United States by the cheap
ened dollar, it has been more or less
neutralized by the quota and ex-
change restrictions.
New Factors Appear.
But there are several new factors
now beginning to make an appear
ance. One is that to many British
business men and financiers the eco
nomic collapse of Germany seems
matter of months only. While
Britain can probably obtain elsewhere
most Of the goods she now imports
from Germany, it would be next to
impossible for the British to find
alternative markets for such things,
for instance, as cotton yarns and
coal, which she now exports to Ger
many in large quantities. Thus far
the British shippers have been dis
tinctly unwilling to send further big
consignments to Germany until pay
ment is made for those sent during
the past six months, while no sue
cess has attended German efforts
to obtain fresh sterling credits here.
Another condition which is attract
ing attention is the possibility of
shifting the balance of trade between
Britain and the DominionS. For in
stance, Australia has just imposed in
creased tariffs on British textile as
Lancashire threatens retaliation in the
form of a boycott on Australian pro-
duce. Meanwhile, it is stated, the
British government will almost GER
tainly soon decrease quotas for import
OF Australian meat into this country
Finally, the perennial question as
to whether France will remain on the
gold standard depends for answer to
some extent on what Britain does.
For some months sterling and franc
exchanges have been pegged within
close iimits-a fact which has given
rise to charges here that the Bank of
England is doing its utmost to pre-
vent sterling depreciating in terms of
francs and thus making Frances task
more difficult than ever.
(Copyrisht, 19343
Evening star., 1934-08-19

OF the ''high dam" at Grand Coulee
were successfully negotiated.
In fact throughout his entire ad-
ministration, every available govern
mental resource was utilized by Roose-
welt in furtherance of this construc-
tive campaign-and it was that deter
mination and campaign which is re-
sponsible, 80 years later, for our
salutatory position of today.
Farmer Is Supplied.
Meanwhile, urban domestic con-
sumption continued to increase. And,
as distributive facilities expanded, the
farmer, too, was drawn into the fold.
Electricity, he found, brought him
cheap light and heat. Motors today
have replaced other forms of power
in pumping his water. Into his home
came the washing machine, vacuum
cleaner, automatic electric range, re-
frigerator and other labor ighteners;
the olden drudgery under which his
womenfolk had suffered for centuries
has vanished and smiles have re-
placed the weary lassitude when day
is done.
In his hennery there are electri-
cally heated incubators and hovers,
electric egg testers, electric lamps
in his water troughS to prevent water
from freezing in Wintertime.
In his dairy operations his COWS
are irradiated by violet rays, are
MIXED by electrically operated ma
81, t,1a Izfe 4r o1,, be
wise; his ice cream freezer, milk test
er, pasteurizer, milk cooler are all
electric.
In his farmyard and barns and
other buildings there are fruit presses
and cider mills. dehydrators, honey
extra ctors, sausage suffers, saws,
wood splitters, lathes and grindstones.
grain cutters and fodder choppers,
hay balers, feed mixers and grinders
all operated by power.
Plow by Electricity.
And last, but not least, his fields
are plowed, narrowed, seeded, culti-
waited and harvested by automatic,
electrically driven machines. His
grain is threshed by another. And
his buildings are ventilated and
cleansed by still other apparatus.
One result here is that instead of
youth urge away from the farm,
it is a scramble to stay.
Because of his ability to more ade-
quately and efficiently administer his
farm, his output and income have
increased Prosperity has returned to
hi fa 81
peared.
But despite repeated assertions Of
our leading scientists that space is
illimitable, this space is not. And so
we briefly must turn back the pages
to write a little of how this all came
about.
Much already has been set down
regarding waterpower; little of the
two other members of our trinity of
power producers-coal and oil.
Electric consumption, you see, is a
hours when a tremendous amount of
the demand-they call these the
peaks" At other times minimum
is all that is needed. These are the
valleys.
The valleys" typify a steady, con-
slant flow of electrical energy. And
1t so happens, due to tremendous in
creases in consumption, that, even
with our millions of developed hydro
electric horsepower. we haven't enough
to supply that valley" demand.
Thence the necessity for two other
sources-thoSe of fuel steam plants
activated by coal and oil.
In the period between 1924 and
1884 the advocates of coal plants
sharply split on operations issues. One
CONTINUED on Fourth Page.)
Evening star., 1934-08-19

Note-The Nation has heard
much OF "potDer" in the past t,Oo
years. What do Federal plans
mean? That's a univerSal question.
Mr.. Kelly has projected himself
80 years into the future and pic
lures present-ddy plans from that
Udntdge point. His imaginative
picture of 1864 is based on hard
rock plans OF 1884. He tries to
Disudlize conditions if all plans
mature
Evening star., 1934-08-19
ITALY'S BIC.SHIP MOVE
BIDS FOR BRITISH HELP
ii Duce Aims at England's Aid in
Claim for Parity With France at
1885 Naval Conference.

role either in the Western Atlantic or
in the Pacific. Aside from keeping
our feet equal to the British, our
concerns are totally Asiatic. The sin
gle possible antagonist is Japan, the
only conceivable field of conflict the
Pacific Ocean.
The weakness Of the whole attempt
to solve the problem of naval power by
ratios lies in this fact--that the needs
of the various naval states are rad
cally different. We need large ships,
both battleships and cruisers, and size
is for us far more important than
numbers. The British, on the other
hand, need numbers-their possessions
are scattered, while ours are concen-
trated-and having three powers to
Continued on Fourth Page)
Evening star., 1934-08-19
BY PAUL JARRETT KELLY.

934! Thirty years ago!
1t seems only yesterday
that Rooseveltian era, which
4 so transformed our national ex-
istence; that era which saw
triple initiated governmental depart
ments spring into being overnight,
each one charged with tremendous ac-
complishments; and each one carving
Evening star., 1934-08-19
HITLER'S TERROR REIGN
SEEN AS BEGINNING OF END
Rise to Cermany's Highest Office Is
Held Useless i'm Effort to Save
Nazi Regime.
BY PERTINAX.

VEN before the death Of Presi-
- dent Won Hindenburg it seemed
apparent that the sanguinary
executions carried out in Ger
many by Hitler and Goering
on June 80 would eventually cost the
Nazis all that they gained during
the Hitlerian revolution of January,
1888. These wholesale killings stripped
the Hitler regime Of all pretense of
an ordered, national policy.
Now the passing Of Germany's Pres
ident and idol, followed by Hitler's
accession to the nations highest office,
has left the country in the hands
of a group addicted to methods of
unbounded violence, its acts prompted
Evening star., 1934-08-19

CONTINUED on Fourth Page)
Evening star., 1934-08-19

Continued on Fourth Page.)
Evening star., 1934-12-05
Foes of Starlings Usurp Roosts
To Scare Winged Pests A,cay

rattles and the starlings departed in
swarms No one seems to know just
where the fugitives spent the night;
certainly not in the Avenue trees.
Clifford Lanham, superintendent OF
District trees and parking, who is in
charge of the startling offensive. di-
rected the attack until well after mid
night.
When he went home at ! am, Mr..
Lanham said, not startling roasted
in a downtown Avenue tree.
But on the building ledges on F
street" Mr.. Lanham admitted, they
were battling for toehold."
The offensive is regular E. w. A.
project this year, with $4,000 or $1,000
set aside to finance the drive over a
10-week period.
The tree sitter will return tonight,
tomorrow night and for as long as
necessary. Mr. Lanham said. The bal
looms will be brought into play when
ever weather permits.
Those balloons gave the starlings
a start last year" Mr.. Lanham de-
clared. L hope they haven't gotten
used to them by this time"
Evening star., 1934-12-05
BEARD INDICTMENT.
TO Be ASKED AGAIN
Garnett to Represent Case
to Grand Jury to Avoid
InvaIidation.

Deciding to take no chances, United
States Attorney Leslie c. Garnett an
nounced today he would represent
to the grand jury the case of Sam
Beard and 13 associates accused of
violating the gambling laws and seek
to secure a new indictment against
them.
Beard and his associates were in
dicted several weeks ago, but he at
tackled the validity of this indictment
on the ground one of the grand jurors
had received loan from the Home
Owners Loan Corp. and was, there
fore, not qualified to serve.
This grand juror, Mrs. Elizabeth
Downey, was excused from further
service after the indictment had been
attacked and new juror sworn in to
take her place. Then Justice Oscar r.
Luhring decided the indictment was
valid.
In rendering this decision, however.
he did not pass directly upon the quail
lfications of Mrs Downey because a
recent act of Congress provided the
disqualification of one grand juror
would not operate to invalidate an in
ditcment if at least II duly qualified
members had voted for it.
Uncertain whether the court decided
Mrs. DoWney's qualifications, Garnett
determined to represent the case
through an abundance of caution"
1t was pointed out that if Mrs.
Downey was not disqualified the act
of swearing in a juror to replace her
would have had the effect of creating
a grand jury of "a persons when the
law provides for % This. it was con-
tended, might result in nullifying all
the work of the grand jury since the
seating of the new jurors.
Evening star., 1934-12-05
PARKING BAN HELD
mo INCONVENIENCE
ONLY $50 Motorists to Be
Greatly Handicapped,
Survey Declares.

Only $50 automobiles will be al
fected by the proposal to ban all-night
parking on certain streets this Winter.
according to survey made public
today by Commissioner Melvin G..
HaZen.
officers of the Traffic Department
and the Police Department, working
Independently, reported that out OF a
total of $500, only $50 motorists would
be unable to find parking places within
two blocks Of the spaces now occupied,
Hazen told newspaper men.
In his opinion. car owners would
be only mildly inconvenienced if park
ing is banned on approximately So
miles of Washington highways.
Plans are being made for considera-
ton of the proposal Friday morning
by, the Commissioners in conference
with a group of business and civic
leaders, including editors of five Wash
ington newspapers and representatives
of the Board of Trade, Merchants and
Manufacturers Association, the Fed
Grafton of Citizens Association and the
Federation Of Civic Associations.
In the interest of preventing bad
traffic ;ie-ups during periods when
there is a heavy snowfall, the Traf-
fic Advisory Council proposed that
parking be banned between 2 am
and $50 am, from December Is to
March on 80 highways over an
aggregate length of about So miles
Police and traffic officials have told
Hazen that Of the total mileage which
would be subject to the proposed
parking ban motorists parking in
87.5 per cent 81 the length of high
way could find other parking space
within one block of their present
favorite spots and that 80 per cent
of the remainder could find other
places within a distance of two
blocks.