davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1934-03-27
Chaos in Transportation
Receives Public Attention

public, taxed by score of different
agencies, could long sustain the present
competition of barge lines, ship lines,
truck lines and air lines, which are
free from the strict Federal regula-
tions imposed on the railways. There
have been just three possibilities:
l. The competing types of transporta-
ton could be regulated to the same
degree that railways are regulated.
2. The railways could be freed Of all
regulation. 3. Bankruptcy could en-
sue. followed by a general breaking
down of railway service. Despite the
growing importance OF waterways,
highways and airways, our railways
remain the framework of our national
transportation facilities. Their value
to US socially and nationally, as well
as economically, is beyond calculation.
without them We would cease to be a
modern or progressive country. Yet,
remembering the days of unregulated
railway operation, the power of rail-
way companies over the existence OF
corporations and towns and entire
sections of the country, we could not
consent to an eradication of regula-
ton. Thus we come to the only
sensible conclusion in the situation,
the joint regulation by one authorita-
tive body of all types Of transporta.
tion-railway, waterway, highway, air
way, pipe line and electric wire"
The New York Sun quotes the
Transportation Conference as dis
agreeing with the conclusions OF Mr..
Eastman, and as finding no reason to
believe that public operation would
produce better railway service" The
Muskegon Chronicle feels that 1T
would be the viewpoint Of a good
many that the best way to meet the
situation would be to relieve the rail-
roads OF as much regulation as pos
sible"
The st. Paul Pioneer Press COM
mends the proposal to modify the
transportation act where commodity
rates to the West have imposed Sc
we're and in some cases destructive
hardships."
Evening star., 1934-03-27

will be held only when the govern
ment desires them.
Five chambers or councils are to
be set up, including the Council Of
State, the Council of Culture, the
Economic Council, and the Council
of the Provinces. Members of all
councils will be named by the head
OF the state and sit in secret. Only
the government may initiate legisla-
ton, but the various councils may
submit advisory comment" A fifth
body, to be called the Federal Council,
will consist of delegates from the
four others. Its only powers will be
to accept or reject measures sub
mitted to it. No interpretations,
criticisms or amendments will be
allowed. None of the new councils
will have any power whatever over
the government.
Who is to become the Stain, Mus
Sollnl or Hitler OF AuStria presumably
will be disclosed in short order. He
will hardly be President Wilhelm
Miklas, who has been in Office since
1928 under an oath to uphold the
now defunct republic. The new auto
Gratis identity will be immaterial.
What is material, significant and
ominous is that representative govern
ment has met another Waterloo and
that Austria has gone the way Of
Russia, Italy, Germany. Poland and
Turkey. Where next is autocracy to
triumph in a world supposedly made
safe for democracy" fifteen fantastic
years ago?
Government of the people, by the
people, for the people is steadily
perishing from the European earth.
Evening star., 1934-03-27
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRACEWELL.

! often outwear them, change the hat,
as 1t were, until at last the conserva-
tive "lid" takes on a rakish appear
ance, the snappy hat the appearance
Of always having been conservative.
This will not mean that you can
tell a mans personal habits by his
hat. He may be dirty and have q
clean hat, he may be immaculate and
wear q soiled one. No, the character
which hat shows is more subtle than
that. Its essence Is time. One man
can wear hat for five years and keep
it cleaner all the time than another
who renews his every year.
Cleaning and reblocking do not
alter that look which spells real hat
character. It is undefinable, but pre-
else, the something or other which is
as clear as that something or other
which distinguishes every human be-
ing from every other human being.
n n
You might not see Tom for twenty
years, but if you came into hall and
saw that old hat hanging on a rack,
you would cry out at once:
Toni"
Sure enough, there he would come,
only complete when he put the hat
back on his head, and felt its familiar
lines hugging his brow.
Those familiar lines would hug the
brows of all who knew Tom and his
hat, too.
The hat is part and parcel Of the
man. Suits, collars, neckties, shoes,
these and others help distinguish one
male from another. but above all lies,
or sits, the hat.
There Is an eternal warfare between
man and his hats.
There is determination, on one
side, to make the hat dominant, as
among Eton schoolboys, who wear
shiny "toppers" like diplomats. When
you look at pictures Of the lads, all
you see are the hats.
Then there are men who determine
to be individualists when it comes to
their headgear.
Such Is he who insists on wearing
a cap.
A cap, even better than felt, may
be pulled and tugged into a shape
all its own.
Usually this resulting work Of art
is termed slouchy or undignified.
Yet the cap is ever the favorite
headgear of untrammeled man, give
him half q chance. Men doing the
rough work of the world wear nothing
else. The zap gets the eyes out from
under q brim. We little stop to
realize how in thrall the male world
is to the hat brim. Man always
walks under small canopy, as 1t
were. No wonder young fellows go
in for going without hats. 1t is no
longer a sign Of pride to walk under
| the shadow of ones own hat brim,
but to have no brim at all.
| Il II X
A hostess might stage novel and
interesting party by securing the reg
ular felt hats worn daily by the male
guests and having the company guess
who should don which. 1t would be
necessary, of course, that the entire
company be very well acquainted
else a tremendous handicap would be
given certain favored guests.
Probably it would be found that In
this game, as in most, certain persons
would win easily. This would not be
good fortune on their part or intu-
ition. 1t would show better powers
Of observation, particularly for those
intangibles associated with men and
their hats, marks as certain as II
written, yet bearing no outward Ia
bels. The winner would be a real
character analist.
Evening star., 1934-03-27
Families on Relief
Rolls in the Cities
To the Editor Of The Star:


1t was recently asserted through
the press that 1900 families are
now on the local relief rolls Allow
ing five persons to family, makes
$4,000 individuals receiving aid from
the Government taxpayers. Assum-
ing that Washington's population Is
00000, we find that one family out
of every six families resident in this,
the most prosperous city in the
United States today, Is subsisting on
charity.
I'm Baltimore there are $1,000 fam
lilies on relief, not to mention those
still given employment by the c. w.
A." says the Baltimore Sun tissue Of
March 15). The paper adds: "If
those families represented in c. w. A.
expenditures are added, approximately
one-quarter Of the families in Balti-
more are receiving assistance from
the Government"
Do these figures really reflect the
actual financial conditions of Wash
ington and Baltimore. or are many
Of the recipients taking advantage
Of the easy money now being dis
bursed so lavishly? Surely, the tax
payers should not be called upon to
assist those not in actual need. They
are already nearly PROSTATE with
their own ordinary tax burdens
C. w. JONES.
Evening star., 1934-03-27
The Weight of Evidence,

From the New York Times.
Apparently the Senate subcommit-
tee did not know the kind of testi-
mony it would get from the three
airmail experts whom it summoned.
The first Of these, Col. Lindbergh,
was as fine a witness as one could
find searching the whole world over.
Quiet and competent, he testified only
to what he knew, putting aside ques-
tions which were either irrelevant or
beyond the range of his personal
knowledge and experience. Those
Senators who hoped to win his ap-
proval of the new airmail bill which
they are pressing found it impossible
to shake him in his opposition to some
Of its important clauses. In the mat
ter of the original cancellation Of the
airman contracts he remained firm
In his conviction that a great injus-
tice had been done, with consequent
injury to commercial aviation which
it may take long time to repair. In
substantial agreement with him were
the two other famous flyers, Cham
berlain and Capt. Rickenbacker. The
latter left the Senators quite sghast
by the frankness with which he con-
demned those who had so unfortu-
nately given the President bad advice.
Evening star., 1934-03-27
Fog.

Fog can be cruel, but it also can
be beautiful And the kind of fog
which Washington experiences is not
the variety which people resent. Even
this morning the Capital was not
. exactly blinded or smothered by the
cloud in which it found itself. In
stead, the go-to-work multitude dis
covered it to be considerably more
. amenable to penetration than might
, have been expected at first glance.
Details were discernible at from ten
to twelve feet, and with ordinary care
it was possible to journey downtown
without unusual risk Of life or limb.
In London it would have been quite
tnfeasible to navigate with any de-
gree Of comfort worthy Of the name.
The British type Of fog Is the pea
Evening star., 1934-03-27
Building Navy Which Will ~
Be Adequate to Nations Needs

chief of naval operations. indicate
rather definite assurance that, for the
first time In our history, our Navy
Is to be adequate to our needs.
THE new building program is a step
in the right direction" continues Mr..
Roosevelt, land we are at last upon
the road to the realization of a Navy
built to treaty strength. A famous
admiral has very aptly remarked. "A
second-best Navy Is like a second-best
poker rhand-worthless when called
1T is, therefore, most essential that
this country build its Navy up to full
treaty strength and maintain it in a
most efficient manner. This Is be-
neved to be the very surest preventive
measure to avert trouble as long as
we pursue a policy Of non-aggression
and so long as We remain a peaceful
nation. Only a few days ago the
President reiterated our resolve never
to seek another yard Of territory by
conquest, and we have renounced war
as an instrument Of national policy.
What nation on earth will be enticed
to attack a nation with a navy sec
ond to none, ready for any emergency
and backed by our national resources?"
Evening star., 1934-03-27

my position on the question Of ma
tional defense is quite clear" says
Henry L. Roosevelt. Assistant Secre-
tary of the Navy, writing in the April
Scientific American. Il am for q
Navy second to none; Navy built
to the limit of our treaty commit
ments, and a definite national policy
of continued building that authorizes
the President to construct such YES
sells as may be necessary to replace
obsolete vessels in order to maintain
the Navy at treaty strength and there
by to evolve a logical, orderly plan
for the maintenance Of the Navy that
will also promote efficiency and keep
expenditures at q minimum"
With the article is reproduced Q
signed statement to the editor of Sci
entific American from Secretary Of
the Navy Claude A. Swanson, which
reads: II believe one Of the strongest
guarantees for peace and justice is an
adequate United States Navy treaty
Navy second to none" These two
statements. together with the known
naval building sympathies of the
President and of Admiral Standley,
Evening star., 1934-03-27
Can a NONRESIDENT
Be Corporation Counsel ?
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
This is a very interesting test
question for young lawyers, for
lawyers not so young, for all lawyers
whose clients may be affected in
cases arising.
The previous incumbent lived In
Maryland when appointed. He con-
tinued to live there for several years
afterward. The newly appointed cor
poration counsel, 1t is said, lives In
Maryland.
Among the offices created by the
Legislative Assembly Of the District
(1871-1874) was that Of attorney for
the District to have charge OF all the
law business Of the corporation.
AS to various Offices SO created, the
Legislative Assembly declared that
the holders thereof shall be residents
of the District.
'They say" this has been repealed.
When and how?
The temporary organic act Of 1874
says: THAT all provisions Of law
providing for an executive, for a sec
retary for the District. for a Legisla-
tive Assembly, for a Board of Public
Works and for a Delegate in Con-
gress in the District of Columbia are
hereby repealed" That act repealed
the law only so far as it affected
political rights. BY section 2 of the
act Of 1874 the temporary Commits
sioners empowered to do what the
political officers had performed previ-
ously) were authorized to abolish any
AfyfrA 70 napcnlfdafo ftun
Offices, reduce the number OF en-
ployes, remove from office and make
appointments to any ONCE authorized
by law. Did those temporary Com
missioners ever do anything toward
abolishing the office Of attorney for
the District?
The existing organic act Of 1873
for the District sets forth that the
District and the property and per-
sons that may be there shall be
subject to the provisions following
for the government Of the same, and
also to any existing laws applicable
thereto not by that act of 1878 re-
pealed or inconsistent Herewith. Does
the act Of 1878 contain any reference
to the attorney for the District?
Indeed, it appears that Congress
assumed jurisdiction over the "attor-
ney for the District" (by enactments
in 1901, 1902 and 1929 to the extent
that it changed his title twice and
more particularly set forth the duties
Of his position and the scope of his
operations.
Can any one find any legislation
hu Tannpor~ Lv,x
missioners that makes inconsistent
the act Of the Legislative Assembly in
creating the position of attorney for
the District or that repeals the gen
eral action Of that body in regard to
his residence qualification?
As said at the start, this is q ques-
tion for lawyers: but it is Of great
importance to this District to have
the matter made plain and clear
to all. JOSEPH w. CHEYNEY.
Evening star., 1934-03-27

Problems connected with chaotic
transportation conditions are widely
discussed as a result of a report by
Joseph B. Eastman, Federal co-ordi-
nator. Two radically different con-
clusions are drawn-one that all forms
of transportation should be brought
into some unified system, the other
that regulations Of railroads must be
relaxed in order that rival systems
may compete freely with rival systems.
Predicting a growing controversy,
the Manchester IN. H.) Union quotes
the co-ordinator as favoring extension
of the regulatory powers of the Inter-
state Commerce Commission and pre-
sents the alternatives: 1.-TWO schools
of thought exist concerning this prob
lem. Both agree that. the present
chaotic condition in the transporta-
ton field should be brought to an end.
One, however, holds that this goal
should be reached by relaxing the
present restrictions on the railroads,
while the other believes that other
agencies of transportation should be
brough under those restrictions. With
his keen preference for Government
regulation, Mr.. Eastman has taken
the side in this controversy that
would be expected of him. But it is
important that the main objectives
should not be lost sight of. One Of
these is, as Mr.. Eastman points out,
that we should work out a unified
transportation policy that will elimi-
nate wssteful duplication. The other
is to preserve the appropriate func-
ttions of the different transportation
agencies and to protect them in the
performance of those functions.
There can be no doubt" thinks
the Youngstown Vindicator, that Mr..
Eastman's recommendation that all
forms of transportation, including
motor trucks, buses and water trans
portation, be brought under Govern
ment coordination. represents the
trend of modern thought. Mr.. East
mans concern for the railroads is
well known. Only a few weeks ago
he declared that Government owner
ship and operation of the rail lines
are the only solution of the problem.
Nevertheless, he states clearly in his
report that the object of the control
he proposes is not the protection Of
the railroads only, but the proper pro-
lection of every form of transporta-
ton. They all have their parts to
play he added, for each one Of
them can do certain things better
than any other agency"
Regulation and coordination have
long been awaited, and the people
would like to see the problem tackled
in vigorous way" says the Dayton
(Ohio) Herald. while the Denver
Rocky Mountain News argues: These
steps are necessary to insure us a ma
tional. co-ordinated transportation
system, with each means Of moving
goods and persons given chance to
operate at its best. These two forms
of transportation have felt the dis
astrous consequences Of uncontrolled
competition. The public has found
that unregulated competition Is as
much an evil as unregulated mo-
nopoly."
Sensible men, who have no faith
in socialistic nostrums," in the opin-
ion Of the Houston Chronicle, 'must
agree with the co-ordinator In hi!
present views. It was inconceivabls
that our railways, gripped in veritablt
strait. jackets Of regulation, burdenec
with al sorts Of specific duties to th'
Evening star., 1934-03-27
Royal Opportunities
For the Senate Pages
To the Editor OF The Star:

To the Editor OF The Star:
The newspapers tell us the pages OF
the United States Senate have been
given buttons bearing the words:
Every Man a King" Those sensible
young Americans are no more likely
to be misled by that misstatement
buttoned on them than are the people
who hear demagogues shouting that
our Declaration of Independence says
that "all men are equal"
That historic document declares that
"all men are created equal" Every
normal child in the United States.
whether born in a rude cabin, as was
Abraham Lincoln, or in a fine man
has an opportunity to become great
as useful member of society.
Mr.. Roosevelt was fortunate in hav-
ing parents with high ideals. He was
taught to admire truth, sincerity.
courage, unselfishness, honesty and
courtesy, and to despise lies, hypocrisy,
cowardice, selfishness and rudeness.
President Roosevelt does not wish to
become king, but was given unpre-
may better help mankind.
1t Is likely that the Senate pages
would prefer place on some college
foot ball team than on throne. One
page wishes to 60 to West Point.
There. in the chapel, he would be re-
minded of King Arthur, whose great
sword, "Excalibur," is carved over the
doorway. Nearby he could read the
Cadet Corps prayer:
Strengthen and increase our
admiration for honest dealing and
clean thinking, and suffer not our
hatred of hypocrisy and pretense
ever to diminish. Encourage us in
our endavor to live above the COM
mon level of life. Make us
choose the harder right instead OF
the easier wrong, and never to be
content with a half truth when the
whole can be won. Endow us
with courage that is born of loyalty
to all that is noble and worthy, that
scorns to compromise with vice and
injustice, and knows no fear when
truth and right are in jeopardy"
In the class room at West Point
this Senate page would be reminded
of Napoleon, who is said to have kept
kings waiting at his pleasure. In his
essays, Representative Men," Emer-
son wrote Of Napoleon: HE did in all
that in him lay to live and thrive
without moral principle. 1t was the
nature Of things, the eternal Law o.
man and Of the world which baked
Evening star., 1934-03-27
Navajo Justice.
From the Philadelphia Evening Ledger.
ca fa 4In AIa asta Ia Indiana af Z

rTUlH TIC rHllhuclpnld EFeulHs bcuseI.
So far as the Navajo Indians of the
Southwest are concerned, the colorful
ceremony of adopting pale-faces as
members of the tribe is thing Of
the past. Furthermore, former Mayor
Walker of New York and number of
Hollywood celebrities upon whom this
honor was conferred have been ex-
PEELED from membership. The unfor-
givable sin Of these pale-faces was
that they boasted they were Indians.
"Ugh!" said the Navajo executive
council, we've got to put stop to
such goings-on."
The Navajos were probably fed up
with other things the white men have
said, including their depression threats
to turn the country back to the In
dians. At any rate, their justice,
while drastic, is tempered with reason.
Their example might be emulated by
Kentucky, which is continually en-
barrassed by staggering colonies who
belittle the mint julep.
Evening star., 1934-03-27

There is plenty Of character in q
mans hat If he has worn it for a
number Of years, but not much If 1t
is brand new one.
A mans hat, unlike q womans, has
to get set to the head.
There 1t takes on o slant and
tilt all its own, in the course Of time;
1t becomes a veritable part Of the
owner, rejecting his personality
Thus, yonder old felt, hanging on
the hook, is Johns, and nobody else's.
When you see the hat, you seem to
see old John underneath it.
If you did not know John, Of course,
the hat would not show him, so one
may wonder just where John ends and
the hat begins.
$3.50
A hat gets its personality because
q human being has done things to 1t.
He has pulled it on, day after day,
with exactly the same gesture each
time.
A hat is more than a hat, it is a
complex of physical results from phy-
sical movements.
The exact slant of the brim is put
into 1t, not so much by the maker, as
by the wearer.
He jams it down over his forehead,
for instance, causing it to take on an
entirely different shape from that 1t
would have received II 1t had been
worn on the back of the head.
He tits 1t to one side, then it be-
comes slightly different than 1t would
be If he had tilted it the other way.
Il X
The hat is nodded.
No doubt, it becomes an almost ex-
act pattern, within limitations, Of its
owners head.
Those who know him unconsciously
came to know his shape Of head.
If you were to ask them whether
John had a round head or an egg
shaped head, scarcely one would be
able to tell.
Yet each one, by looking at him
daily, has a perfect mental picture of
his head.
1t is the same with watch. A
man may look at his watch fifty times
a day, but If you were to ask him to
draw a picture of it he would fail
miserably.
But he knows his watch and would
be able to recognize it on sight.
y y \
1t is the same with friends head,
and with his hat. too.
The head makes the hat, shapes 1t
into certain definite forms. If 1t Is
worn long enough.
1t is the old hat which shows char
acter.
Just as a man can develop character
only If he have time in which to do
it, so the hat, and particularly the
popular felt. can come into its own
only when it is old, as such things go.
1t must develop something which
the maker did not put into it. 1t
must be all things to all men, in
order to be something to each one.
Like the popular blends of cigarettes,
which must offend none to please as
many as possible, the hat must possess
great possibilities for change.
The beautiful and admiring young
woman who Is shown gazing with rapt
admiration at the young fellows hat
may be forgiven for not knowing that
the man is greater than his hat. She
is young and has a great deal to learn.
When she grows older, she will come
to realize that, If the hat makes the
man. the man will make the hat, too,
in time.
There Is character in q mans hat,
undoubtedly, but just what?
Conservative, or smart; sedate, or
ralkish-such characteristics manu-
facturers put into hats, but wearers