davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1934-07-01
High Cost of Government.

A special survey Just concluded by
the Bureau of the Census demon
strates that the cost Of government
in the United States, exclusive Of the
national Government, Is a tremendous
burden upon the people. 1t reveals
that there are 1s2,659 political units
comprising the States, counties, cities
and other civil divisions. The cost
of these for the year ended June 80,
1892, was $s.662, ISIS 900. This works
out at $76.s0 for each tnhabitant.
At the close of the period the COM
bined gross debts Of these States and
civil divisions was s17.5s9. Sis. 900. or
an average of $141.27 per capita.
These units Of government comprise
the forty-eight States and the District
of Columbia, 3,062 counties, 1855
cities. towns, villages and boroughs;
12s,54S school districts, 1879 town.
ships and 14,572 other civil divisions.
The State governments cost the peo-
pie $2,505, 1886, 900, the counties cost
s1.411, ,s26, 900, the cities, towns, vii
lagos and boroughs cost $3,594,647, 900,
the school districts $l.536,472.o 900, the
Evening star., 1934-07-01
Costa Rica Sets an Example.

Costa Rica, the little Central
American republic which depends
upon coffee and bananas for its eco
nomic existence-a land of somewhat
smaller area than West Virginia and
population about equal to that of
the District of Columbia-sets the
world a notable example in these de-
generate days of futile attempts to
reduce ornaments.
In his annual message to CONGRESS
President Ricardo Jiminez has Just
disclosed that Costa Rica is one Latin
American republic that spends more
on education than on its military
establishment. The per capita cost
of the army Is "a Of a colon (about
seventeen cents) as compared to 7.85
colonies (about s1.s7) for public in
struction. The total cost of main
tanning the army for the past year
was 46S,738 colones (about sl10,29l) ,
as compared with 4,095.043 colones
(about s1,oOo.ooO for education.
That is record of which the Costa
Rican people have a right to be
proud, as they no doubt are. In a
part of the Western Hemisphere
where revolution, military dictator
ships and government by bullet rather
than by ballot have long been COM
mon it is a remarkable thing to find
Q nation spending roundly ten times
Evening star., 1934-07-01

as much on teachers and school
houses as 1t spends on soldiers and
the sinews Of war.
1t is a situation that deserves the
attention of tae Nobel Peace Prize
Committee. The world presents no
more classic evidence Of nations
belief that the pen is mightier than
the sword. Costa Rica is doing its
utmost to convert copy book maxim
into q reality. President Jiminez's
government deserves recognition for
placing more faith In reading. writing
and arithmetic than in howitzers and
machine guns.
Evening star., 1934-07-01

to us through our adherence to those
fundamental principles that insure to
freedom its warrants. The high ex-
emplars of truth in our national, his
tory have been the men and women
who with utter selflessness have shaped
their course Of action by deep funda-
mental. moral and religious princi-
Piles. Washington's championship Of
truth lifts him to a higher level than
that which his military and civil dis-
tinctions give him. His great con-
freres, even his enemies, gladly recog-
nize the rare virtue he exhibited
throughout his life.
Lincoln and Lee, two Of the out
standing figures Of the great Civil
War, continue to live In the hearts
OF their countrymen because they were
true exemplars of freedom based upon
adherence to eternal truth.
We talk much today about our per-
sonal rights, our personal freedom and
the independence of our course of
action. Frequently those who boast
most volubly Of these rare privileges
violate the very principles by which
freedom Is secured. We cannot be re-
minded too often of that old axiom:
mo man liveth to himself"
The transition through which we
are passing, and indeed through which
the world Is passing, is demanding of
us, no matter what cost it may en-
tail, more and stricter adherence to
those basic truths upon which the
superstructure of our civilization is
builded. New and fanciful conceits,
from whatever authoritative source
they may come. may, for the while,
serve as panaceas. but we shall return
to ways of happy. useful living. both
as individuals and peoples, only when
we recognize that truth is eternal and
that it Is the ultimate arbiter in all
matters that concern our course Of
action. To live unresponsive to the
sanctions Of those mighty truths that
have come to us through revelation
and experience Is to imperil our in
stitutions, and to deny to posterity the
fruits Of our hardly won freedom.
Evening star., 1934-07-01

townships cost s252,s42,ooo and the
other civil divisions cost $26l .293 900.
A comparison of the figures for
1882 with those of 1912 show that the
cost of operation ard maintenance Of
general department and public service
enterprises of States, counties. cities.
towns. villages and boroughs with
populations Of $500 and above have
increased 1851 per cent.
The organic structure Of the State
was established upon conditions that
have long since ceased to be. SUBJ
division into counties, cities, towns,
villages and townships was essential
in the days when travel was dificult
and distances" were greater than at
present. Now, with railroads, paved
highways, motor cars, telephones,
with virtually instant communication
possible, these subdivisions are no
longer necessary for efficient govern
ment and administration. Yet despite
the improvement in communications
there has been In recent years
a tendency toward subdivision in the
larger centers of population, in the
creation of boroughs, with q conse-
quent multiplication Of administrative
factors and a great increase in costs.
A scientific survey Of the whole
field would doubtless show that much
OF the enormous cost revealed by the
Census Bureaus inquiry could be
saved to the people. II the civic
divisions and subdivisions were organ
lied upon business principles 1t would
be found, apart from amalgamations
and combinations, that the essential
work Of government could be per-
formed by a far smaller number of
people. If the assignments to duty
and the scales of pay which are the
rule with well organized industries
were applied to the business Of gov
ernment, local. county and State.
this tremendous burden Of close upon
ten billion dollars q year would be
greatly nghtened with no loss in
efdciency-in fact with q decided gain.
Evening star., 1934-07-01
FREEDOM THROUGH TRUTH
BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES FREEMAN D. D, L. D. D. C. L.
Bishop Of Waahingon Z

In one Of His great utterances fol-
lowing q critical discussion in which
He had been engaged, Jesus said to
those who were seeking to follow
Him: "Ye shall know the truth, and
the truth shall make you free" To
those who had been governed wholly
by tradition His statement gave Of
fense. Their contention was that,
being born of their great pioneer,
Abraham. they had never been in
bondage to any man. They were will
ing to rest their case on their tradi-
tions. To this Jesus replied: who
soever commiteth sin Is the servant
of sim" The parties to this contro-
versy were interpreting the meaning
of freedom from two different angles.
Nothing is more precious to men
than their boasted freedom. One of
old said to a great leader: with q
great price obtained ! this freedom" !"
to which the leader replied: But
was born free" Nothing Is more irri-
tating than restraints, and against
them nations and peoples have repeat
edly rebelled. This Is more particularly
true where the restraint is unjust and
unjustified.
We of America on the recurring
anniversary of our Declaration Of In
dependence affirm again the freedom
We gained through q great struggle.
For one hundred and fifty-eight years
We have maintained our freedom, and
native son and foreign-born alike re-
joice in 1t. To the mind of Jesus that
which guaranteed freedom was secured
through knowledge of and possession
o; truth. No matter what proud boast
a man might make of his personal
freedom, he could not enjoy it unless
1t was freedom validated by truth.
Truth Is something that Is secured to
us through knowledge, but it is
made more evident to US through
the consciousness that our lives
are lived In consonance with the
highest expression of truth. Truth
Is not something that comes to us by
right, but rather that which comes
Evening star., 1934-07-01

OF the various detached Territories
of the United States which President
Roosevelt will visit on his tour, the
Hawaiian Island group viii be the
most strange. In fact 1t would be diff
ficult to. find a place in the world
which. from almost every point of
view, is more curious. To begin with,
1t is of all places in the world farthest
away from a mainland neighbor.
This unique geographical location
sets a pace for strangeness which
never flags. Everything about the
islands seems unclassifiable because
they belong to no class.
For example the islands themselves
are a geographic accident. A hole
opened up in the bottom Of the ocean
and out popped Hawaii. Although
this happened some thousands Of
are among the newest Of geologic for
nations. In fact they are not done
yet, and when the first attempts at
normal farming were made experts ex-
EEined many failures on the ground
that an ATTEMPT was being made to
start farming 5000 900 years too soon
It will be necessary for cons of
growth Of vegetation and vegetable de-
cay to take place before a normal
cxantity Of humus will be incorpor-
ated In the soil.
Yet the islands produce two of the
most valuable crops in the world
sugar and pineapples and produce them
SO lavishly that no other region can
compare. The soil is not naturally
rich enough to support these plants,
but the climate is distinctly favorable
so the soil merely is used as q work.
bench and not as material.
The pineapple plantations present
a curious picture at the planting sea-
son. Strips Of oiled paper, miles
long, are laid on the ground, reeled
of huge rolls resembling a roll of
newsprint. This holds moisture in
the ground and also prevents weeds
from springing. Holes are stuck in
the paper at intervals and a pine
apple plant placed in each hole. 1t
Immediately sends its blades up
through the hole but has a paper car
pet all around it. Each pineapple
plant must be individually fed as
though it we're an animal. At fixed
MISUNDERSTANDING times-workers GO
along the rows and drop food into the
cluster of blades or leaves. The food
Goes not touch the ground. The rain
molstenS and dissolves the food which
the plants then absorb.
Garibaldi Of the Islands
While the sugar cane is not in
dividually fed as to each plant, every
field must be fed The pineapples
grow on the hills where there is
usually abundant rain; the cane Is
planted in the warmer climate at
sea-level where there is insufficient
rain and where irrigation Is impera-
tive. The special sugar-cane food is
carefully mixed with the irrigation
water and fed to the plants in that
manner. These two nursed crops yield
millions. But millions are put into
them. It may cost $400 an acre to
feed plants and 1000 tons of water
Is required to raise l ton of sugar,
but still the per acre yields are so
rich that the business pays.
It Is obvious that an unusual people
must have developed such unusual
industry. Where the original Poly
nesians came from is an anthropolog-
ical question. There were 100000 Of
them on the Hawaiian Islands when
Capt. James Cook, on his famous Pa
Evening star., 1934-07-01
Capital Sidelights
BY WILL. r. KENNEDY.

One of the best loved and most
eficient administrative officers In
the Government service-Miss Mary
O'Reilly, assistant director of the
United States Mint-has Just re-
ceived her signal distinction. award
Of the Via Veritas Medal from
Our Lady Of the Elms College.
Springfield, Mass. This medal is
conferred annually on some Catholic
lay-woman who has been an outstand-
ing success in her chosen field of work
and at the same time loyal to the
practice of her religion.
Before entering the Government
service nearly 80 years ago Miss
O'Reilly had been housekeeper for her
uncle, Rev. John brennan, at AM
herst. Mass. She won appointment as
clerk at the United States Mint
through extraordinarily high rating
In a civil service examination. Since
then she has won promotion by earn
est work and lovable personality
which has endeared her to all those
with whom she has come In contact
She has long been recognized inter-
nationally as an authority on every
phase of currency manipulation, repre-
sentatives Of foreign governments fire.
quently consult her andrecently China's
delegates sought her advice on the
establishment of new mint in China.
She has visited all the mints In the
United States and in London, Paris
and other world capitals. She has
made an intensive study Of currency
and the metals which go into it. and Is
an outstanding authority on imitation
and defation, being called into con-
ferences by congressional committees
drafting legislation.
From 1915 to 1924 Miss O'Reilly
served as acting director Of the Mint
and 10 years ago the office OF assist
ant director was created for her-and
for about 20 years she has been recog-
nized as the real directing force in
this important branch Of the Govern
ment.
Evening star., 1934-07-01

shown that tin containers shipped
from the United States to the Orient
to be used in the petroleum trade have
been later utilized by the Japanese in
Manchukuo as containers of soya bean
oil, shipped to the United States, en-
tied of their oil contents and reshipped
back to Japan, there to be made into
toys and used In the manufacture Of
steel plate or for war munitions.
(Copyright. 1034.l
Evening star., 1934-07-01
A Merger of Civic Forces.

BY unanimous vote of the member
ship OF the Washington Chamber OF
Commerce at a meeting held Friday
night the proposition of merger OF
the chamber with the Washington
Board of Trade was approved. The
formal acceptance Of the plan by the
latter organization will be effected
tomorrow night by the action of the
board Of directors, which Is assured.
This consolidation will result In net
increase Of membership of the Board
OF Trade TO approximately 1000, many
members of the Chamber Of Com
merce being already members OF the
older organization.
This union of the two major civic
examinations of the District will re-
suit in the concentration of the ener-
gies and the influence Of organized
Washington for the advancement of
the civic interests Of the Capital.
There will now be one instead OF two
units Of capital citizenship seeking the
ENDS for which both were created, the
Board of Trade in 1889 and the
Chamber of Commerce in 1907.
The Chamber of Commerce resulted
from a merger Of the Jobbers and
Shippers Association and the Business
Mems Association. The original con-
cept was that of a compact, quickly
acting combination of business inter-
ests working solely for the welfare
Of commercial Washington. 1t de-
veloped, however. along somewhat
different lines, broadening into gen.
eral representative body on lines paral-
leling the activities Of the Board OF
Trade. In consequence Of this trend
of service a purely commercial organi-
zation, the Retail Merchants Associa-
tion, was formed and has throughout
the period of its existence performed
a useful public function.
With the merger, or consolidation,
effected Washington will have one
large, strong and generally representa-
tive non-commercial- - but not anti
commercial-organization, in the en-
larged Board of Trade to represent its
civic interests, commercial organi-
Zation in the Merchants and Manu-
facturers' Association to conserve and
advance the interests of the business
community, and group Of sectional
citizens associations, with concentrat-
ed representation in the Federation of
Citizens Association, to give minute
attention to purely local needs.
The enlarged Board of Trade will
be the stronger through the concen-
tration in its membership of the citi-
zens of the Capital regardless Of occu-
pational or individual interests, in a
position Of authority to speak for the
community with the prestige an or
ganization with continuous existence
Of forty-f1ve years, and with a high
record Of valuable accomplishments.
The Chamber Of Commerce, now los
ing its identity, has served the COM
munity faithfully and effectively. Its
active membership will find in the
enlarged Board Of Trade a medium of
continued service Of value to Wash
ington.
Evening star., 1934-07-01

Importance of the eloquent Post
master General in governmental af-
fairs enables him to share influence
with the child hero of Dickens
Christmas carol. An impressive COM
bination is made by Big Jim and
Tiny Tim.
Evening star., 1934-07-01
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHuANpER JOHNSON.
Scientific Relief.

Another day exceedingly hotl
It's record is historic.
! simply ask you, "1s it not
Exceedingly caleric."
My fancy will try to cheat
BY harboring the notion
That the true principle of heat
Is only mass in motion.
And so III formulate q plan:
Clad in the altogether"
I'll seek q hammock and a fan
And never mind the weather.
Evening star., 1934-07-01

Relief allotments are made condi-
tional on the ability Of States or
communities to contribute $3.50.
Andrew Carnegie announced the same
principle when he endowed libraries.
and in many respects it has worked
out satisfactorily.
Evening star., 1934-07-01

However much sentiment or emo
ton may become involved in dis
cuSsion of business or economics, no
statesman will ever again persuade
the world that war is a good, honest
investment,
Evening star., 1934-07-01

Lindbergh still remains a brilliant
and beloved example Of wish fulfill
ment. He once expressed a desire
for the privilege of being free from
newspaper comment. Now he has it.
Evening star., 1934-07-01

An up-curve in the thermometer
chart is more easily tolerated when it
is accompanied by up-curves in the
economic and business charts.
Evening star., 1934-07-01
Wasting His Time"

From the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin.
Letting a man out Of Jail to make
campaign speeches, as in Beaver.
seems like rubbing 1t IN on the elec-
torate. A prisoner ought to be made
to put his vacations to better use.
Evening star., 1934-07-01

N. r. A. is contemplated as having
caused prices to soar in a manner
which makes it necessary now and
then to ground a pilot.
Evening star., 1934-07-01
Byron's Ink.

From the Kansas City Star.
An inkstand once used by Lord
Byron sold for $475 the other day.
Doubtless it was the repository for
that famous drop Of ink he spoke
of in Don Juan, which makes thou
sands, perhaps millions. think"
Evening star., 1934-07-01

When there are economic announce
ments to be made there is only one
real star in the radio armament, the
President Of the United States.
Evening star., 1934-07-01
Ancient Inspirations.

Ancient Inspirations. 20
All reverently I try to read
The essays and orations.
For further guidance still I heed
The Book of Revelations.
Appreciation we require
OF grand tnaginations.
And in such works most admire
The Book of Revelations.
Evening star., 1934-07-01
New Deal in Manchuria.

New Deal in Manchurla.
From the Worcester Gazette.
japanese flyers are reported to have
done away with 1000 Manchurian
farmers, which seems to be carrying
the agricultural curtailment business
q little too far.
Evening star., 1934-07-01

Jud Tunkins says there are still
heroes. One of them is the farm
hand who narrowly escapes sunstroke
and is glad to accept loaf of bread
instead Of a medal.
Evening star., 1934-07-01
Unheckled.

Have you been heckled7" -
Not recently" answered Senator
Sorghum. ct stick to the microphone.
No matter what you say, no one in
the crowd has a chance to answer
back"
Evening star., 1934-07-01
Insurance.

As we pursue this modern strife
In meek endurance
The thing that comforts Is Life
Insurance"
The soul departing tranquil rests,
With fear eluded,
II policies are in bequests
Included.
In policies which statesmen leave
In wise selection
with gratitude we will receive
Protection.
Evening star., 1934-07-01
Speculative Inspiration.

"Do you ever pay lobbyists?"
mot in actual cash." answered Mr..
Dustin Stax. Most of the lobbyists
I know are willing to work free in
hope of a reliable tip on the market"
Evening star., 1934-07-01

"F1attery," said Hi Ho, the sage Of
Chinatown, sis allied to the art Of
fortune telling, which promises Joy
and peace in quantities commensurate
with the fee received"
Evening star., 1934-07-01

"Bettin' on a hoss," said Uncle Eben,
els sumpin' dat you kin most often
show hoss sense by not doin'."
Evening star., 1934-07-01
The Evening Star Newspaper Company

Business once:
18th st. and Pennsylvania Ave.
New York once: ITO East 42nd St.
Chicago once: Lake Michigan Building.
European ONCE: IA Regent st.. London.
= England.
Evening star., 1934-07-01
Rate by Carrier within the City.

Might Final and Sunday Star. zoe per month
NieaI cojleetion rha mad msde at the end p Of each
month. Orders may be sent in by mail or
telephone National 5000
Evening star., 1934-07-01

All Other States and Canada.
Daily and Sunday. yr, SO 90: / mo-. 81 90
Daily only yr. $500 mo-. 75c
Sunday only. / W., $500; mo-. Soc
Evening star., 1934-07-01

W A s H I N G T o N, D. c.
SUNDAY. July i, 1884
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-10-16
DAMAGE SERVICE STATION
Neighbors Aroused By the Noise of Falling Glass;
 Community Club Meet

Windows and doors were wrecked early Sunday morning when thieves broke into Smiths service station, ss2 East Main street. Neighbors around the station say that they heard windows crashing between and 3:30 in the morn ing, but thought it was the milk man who might have dropped some milk bottles. The management of the station expressed belief that 1t might have been the work of some kids living near the station, for only hundred pennies were taken, while batteries, tires and other accessories were untouched
 The East Side Community club will meet Thursday night at the Community House, 20 Taylor street at o'clock. All reports of va- rious committees will be read. and Chairman John Kelly of the ticket committee. for their first Hall lowe'en dance which is to be held on October 26th at the Sacred Heart auditorium, will turn in his final report on the progress of the tickets.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-10-16
.WATERVILEE YOUTH
 HELD AS SUSPECT
Donald Williams, IS, Be lieved Implicated in Re-
 cent Dynamite Case

Waterbury police said to-day that the arrest of Donald Williams IS, of S9 Downs street. Waterville, here last night ends their connec- ton with the investigation of the dynamiting of the Shepaug river bridge. near the Roxbury- Washing ton town line on July 4th.
 Three other youths have been arrested and turned over to the state police at the Ridgef1eld bar racks, one of whom had been sought here Saturday afternoon by detectives. All four of the lads will be charged with wilful> des- truction of private property.
 It was revealed to-day that local police had been asked last Satur- day to pick up Thomas Chatfield, IT, who was said to be registered at local hotel. Detectives went to that Chatfield had just checked out and was believed to have gone to Bridgeport. He was picked up in the Park City yesterday.
 The local youth, Williams, when questioned by Detectives Ed ward McElligott and Joseph Bend- Ter, denied having taken part in the blowing up of the bridge. but claimed that Chatfield had thrown dynamite into the river and it ex- ploded just under the bridge. The wooden structure was destroyed by the blast, the sound being heard for miles around.
 State Policeman Leon Merritt and Walter Boas took Williams back to Ridgefield last night. They said that at the time of the bridge blow-up the local youth was stay- ing with his brother at Washing ton and was with the other three when the structure was destroyed.