Evening star., 1934-10-28

Sented the frSt OF three articles on
Benito MussoHnfS cooperative state.
to be indugu7dted November 10,5
BY JOHN LLOYD,
Associated Press Foreign STAFF,
ROME. October Parliamentary
government in Italy makes another
step toward suicide November 10
when Benito MuSSolini inaugurates
his cooperative state" -.
A ponderous, complex, clumsy
thing, its opponents call it, but II
Duce believes it will ultimately re-
place all other political and economic
methods
The cooperative state-an enor-
nous experiment in Self-legiSlation
for industry. commerce, business and
the profeSsions-will mean the end
Of the Chamber of Deputies, obServ-
ers believe, since Mussolini himself
has said the chamber will be no
longer needed.
Because 1t is expected to vote It
self out of existence as soon as the
new system gets working, the present
chamber has been called the "hari-
Aa41 VI
Includes 20 Corporations.
Twenty-Five corporations, the major
subdivisions of the new state will
be set up, and five of them will be
devoted solely to agriculture and re-
lated activities.
There will be a sixth for cattle
raising and fishing and seventh for
the lumber industry.
1t will be the aim of the corpora
tions to bring proprietors and workers
together to govern their own lines of
endeavor. Eventually all legislation
having to do with agriculture and the
cattle, fishing and lumber industries
will be removed from the province Of
the Chamber of Deputies and entruSt-
ed to these seven corporations.
They also will be expected to
smooth out difficulties between workers
and employers, create marketing
facilities, superintend collective farm
ing experiments and systematic pro-
ducer- -middleman- consumer relations.
Skeptics Oppose Plan.
Although the Fascist creators of the
corporate system will admit of no
doubts as to the success of the plan,
there are skeptics who call the system
ultra complicated and cumbersome.
1t is generally conceded that at least
q year of actual experience with the
organization will be required to prove
its worth.
The five agricultural corporations
will divide the country'S farming and
allied occupations into the following
classifications:
Cd Grain raising, milling market
ing and baking; ~ garden, flower
and fruit culture and marketing; 90
grape growing and wine making and
selling; a. the dairy industry; 60
the beet and sugar industry.
Each of these five corporations, as
In the cases of the cattle and fishing
corporations and the lumber corpora
ton, will bring to head complex
network of provincial and national
bodies. In all the latter organizations
employer and the workers
will be kept separate, the union COM
ing only in the corporations.
provinces TO nave
In every province there will be four
syndicates of owners and managers,
dividing them into separate classes,
and four syndicates of workers. There
will be a national federation for each
chain of class -syndicates, making eight
in all-four for the owner managers
and four for the employees. The fed
Grafton will unite the syndicates at
the capital and it will be through
them that representatives are appoint
ed to the corporations.
The Syndicates will bring together,
for the owners and managers, %
renter (2) proprietors with
rented lands, 80 renter-famers and
"a managers of farms.
Workers will be brought together
under the headings of % technical
and administrative employees, (2) day.
to-day workers, (3) regular salaried
workers and (4) instructors.
In addition to representatives of
the federations, each corporation
board will have three Fascist party
attaches, to look out for the general
public interests, and several govern
ment-appo1nted experts.
Any grievance or proposal not Of
legitimate nature arising among the
workers or the employers may be set
tied in the provincial syndicate or the
national federation. If it involves
contact between the two classes, direct
dealings may be opened between the
owner manager associations and the
workers associations.
If these bodies are unable to reach
an agreement, or if the subject is Of
such importance as to require higher
authority, the whole matter may be
referred to the respective corporation.
National Council Last Appeal.
The lesser bodies may propose leg
islation, but it must be submitted to
the corporation to be framed into a
bill. Here even the corporations au-
thority ends. A National Council Of
Corporations, made up of representa-
tives of all the corporations, together
with Government experts and others,
is the only body under the new system
vested with law-enacting powers.
Once the bill has been approved by
the council it becomes law.
Once the bill having to do with the
raising, milling, selling and baking of
grain will 60 to the Grain Corp. those
referring to garden, flower and fruit
culture and marketing to the Garden,
Flower and Fruit Corp, etc.
There will be in addition to the
associations already mentioned a ma
tional confederation for each major
category. bringing together all the
owner manager federations. and a
national confederation bringing to-
gether the workers federations. The
considerations will be for class CO.
ordination and also will have repre-
sentatives in the national council.