Evening star., 1934-06-17
BY MARGHERITA G. sARFATTI,

Il everywhere was enhanced, first
to meet the needs of wartime
consumption and then to meet the
competition which the postwar period
has imposed. The industrial possibili-
ties of every country we're developed
to their fullest capacity. After full
filling internal needs each endeavored
to reach out for markets in all parts
o. the world.
The great combinations of capital
seemed to act as if there was never to
be any limit to mans consumption,
until in some cases the production ca
pacity was not only sufficient to sup
ply that country for some time to
come. but was sufficient to supply the
entire world.
Foul years OF experimenting has not
been sufficient to bring the world back
to normal. Currencies have depreci-
ated and in some Eases have almost
reached the vanishing point. Unem-
ployment has been a scourge which
has swept all of the greater nations
Misery and suffering have abounded
to the extent that such chaos has
never been remembered in modern
times. We are tired of hearing of the
that the granaries and warehouses are
full, but the people are starving. Great
economists and statesmen have failed
to bring the world out of this confu-
sion.
Improvements Needed.
As far back as 1881 MuSSolini, in
his speech at Naples, reiterated the
fact that the rulers of the nations
were trying to solve the problem. but
without realizing that there was some
thing wrong in the capitalist system.
BY this time every industrial nation
has realized that there is something
wrong in the capitalist system.
Is this crisis in the system or of
the system itself? Mussolini answered
that question. He said that it is
crisis of the capitalist system.
Most of the criticism made by So
clalism in its historic fight against
capitalism is fully justified. keenly
human and poignantly true. Social
lsm'S error has been its plan of re-
construction by a per-capitalism
tl.at is more monstrouSly inhuman
than capitalism itself. The human
measure is lacking in the state Social
capitalism Of BolsheviSt Russia with
its flve-year plan. Something new and
human must be found, some golden
measure for human labor to save it
from the abyss.
Inability to Stop.
1t is like the story of the greedy
nEer who stole the magic pot He
had overheard the old nursery rhyme
which set the pot to cooking soup, but
he did not know the right words to
stop it. So the soup flooded from the
pot into the kitchen and the house
and garden and became a calamity of
1nundation to the whole town until its
legitimate proprietor claimed it and
stopped its boiling with the right
command
1 sometimes think that modern
capitalism cooked too much soup: the
motives were the Same-silly greedi-
ness and ignorance-though the magic
was different-modern machinery, in
stead of nursery rhymes.
Now MuSSolini comes along and
seems to know the right word of COM
mand to prevent an inundating dis
aster of too much goods. And he has
decided to pronounce the right word
at the right time!
1t is not only the tariff barriers
which closed the markets of the
United States, and consequently the
markets of each single nation, which
caused the trouble.
MussollnlS program for rehabilita-
tton is not as childishly narrow as
that; it involves the entire production
forces of the nation.
The capitalism of today is a rule by
trusts and combines. 1t certainly did
not fail in formulating a policy of
selfish gain and subjected everything
for profits and dividends. Not salts
fed with reasonable returns, it
reached out for greater power by
creating greater industrial and f1nan-
cal organizations basing their ability
to manage these combines on their
1ncessant explorations of the public.
Control by Government.
Government up until the present
has interfered only at critical times
and in particular cases. Government
today lnterferes not only to settle par
ticular cases of uneasiness caused by
the system, but also to effect rigid
control of the system through the di-
rection of capital and labor.
Italy has had her codes since 1927
when the Italian labor charter was
issued. This has remained and will
continue to remain the basic instru-
ment regulating the general conditions
between capital and labor. We have
had our labor courts and strikes have
been prohibited and effectively pre-
vented ever since Fascism began to
take control of the productive system.
The present ministry of corporation
was established in 1926. 1t was the
beginning of the present idea, in
which the government is to take over
active control of the economic inter-
estS of the country. Up until the
present. the ministry of corporations
through its administrative organs has
effectively regulated the italian pro-
ductive system, but it was simply a
ministry and when changes in laws
were necessary, it was forced to pre-
sent them to the cabinet, and have
them formulated into law for the
approval Of the Chamber of Deputies.
Experts to Rule.
Passing from the ministry of corpo-
rations, which has instituted an ad-
ministrative though partial control
over industry, we now arrive at the
point when the present Chamber of
Deputies was called upon to legislate
on matters of which it was totally
ignorant.
1t was necessary. then, to find the
appropriate state organ to take over
these powers. MuSsolini found that
the corporate system itself was the
organism which must determine its
own destiny and consequently he IS
about to suppress the Chamber OF
Deputies and to institute in its place a
representative body drawn from the
experts, who have their hands on the
levers of the state productive machine.
Labor and capital are represented in
this body on an equal basis-and it
Is here that MuSSolini struck eco