davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1934-08-26
The Humorous Side.

The Humorous Side.
. IDDING pSychics has become so
. stereotyped nowadays that you
might just as well announce
. what system Of psychics you
are using at the same time
Evening star., 1934-08-26
ANARCHY is CHARGED
Young Foreign Newlyweds Fined
$1,000 for Race Propaganda.

$1,000 for Race Propaganda.
BLYTHEVILLE, Ark. August 25
R.-George Cruz, 24-year-old Fill
pino, and his 19-year-old Mexican
wife Carmen were fined $1,000 in
Municipal Court yesterday by Judge
C. A Cunningham on charges of
anarchy.
The two were accused of arousing
colored people to join racial organi-
zation against the white race. They
claimed they were organizing burial
society.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22

Mike Bennet was caller at Ted
Schmitz's home Wednesday after
loon.
VIM. Schley. OF Sank Centre, was
q business caller here Friday.
Harriet Pfaff was an overnight
guest Of the Casper Kicker family
Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Leidenfrost,
If Pierz, are spending several days
With the John Veneer family.
Mrs. Mike Kortuem and daugh-
.er, of st. Cloud, who was visiting
here with her mother, Mrs. Henry
Iarmeling, returned home Monday
evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Norb, Hoppe and
ION Jimmy mortored to Alexan-
iria Sunday where they were sup
ser guests Of Mr.. and Mrs. Earl
johnson.
Ed MvGowan, Of Melrose, was q
business caller here Monday.
Fred Hunter and Mike, Bermet
motored to Long Prairie Friday.
Joe Brake and sons, Anton and
John, and Mrs. Joe kaufman, at
tended the funeral Of Conrad Tie
nan at Melrose Saturday.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22
NOTICE OF ANNUAL SCHOOL
MEETING

Notice Is hereby given that pur-
suant to law the annual election of
the Directors Of the Board Of Edu-
cation of the Town Of Sank Cen
ire will be held in the Board room
of the Sank Centre High School
building in the city of Sank Cen
tire on SATURDAY, the 31st day
of March, 1884, for the purpose Of
electing TWO directors Of the said
district for the term of THREE
years, and one director Of said dis
trict for the term Of TWO years.
The polls will be open for the
above purpose at 1000 o'clock In
he forenoon Of said day and will
remain open until 1900 o'clock,
noon, when they will close and re-
main closed for one hour. They
will then be opened and remain
open until 400 o'clock P. M, Of
said day.
See Chapter 3s4. Laws Of 1917, re-
ating to School District elections.
r. e. HANSEN.
Sec. Of the Board Of Education,
Town Of Sank Centre 1914
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22
St. Rose

A petition Is posted for a new
road to be laid out in the southeast
portion Of Wildwood township.
Mr.. and Mrs. THEODORE Peters and
family visited with Mrs. Rose Korte
and family, Of Melrose Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph Dufner mot
ored to Albany Saturday for a Wis.
1t at the Mic Dufner home.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Klasen were
st. Cloud visitors Monday.
Mr.. and Mrs. c. H. Englemeyer
spent Sunday with the Henry Welle
family at Freeport.
Mr.. and Mrs. Theo. Peters and
son, Jacob, called on Mr.. and Mrs
Al Kemper Monday evening.
Dan Roering motored to St
Cloud Saturday for visit with his
sister, Mrs. J. B. Thielen.
Mr.. and Mrs. Herman Arnzen
were Freeport callers Monday.
Mic Dufner, Of Albany, spent the
fore part of the week with the Jos.
eph Dufner family.
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Ossendorf
were Sunday visitors at the Theo
Peters home.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Klasen and
daughter, Sophia, and the Korte
grandchildren were Sunday visitors
oat the Joseph Wiechman home.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22

Bruce Farrow had the misfortune
to hurt his hand quite badly while
saving wood last week.
Verna Martin spent Saturday af-
ternoon with Mrs. G. A. Gordon and
Eleanor in Sank Centre.
The Coe-workers held party at
the home of Charles Farrow on
Wednesday. The party was very
well attended. The evning was
spent playing cards and games,
after which a lovely lunch was serv-
ed. A good time was enjoyed by
all present.
Helen Thornbloom called at Wes-
ley Martins on Thursday evening.
We were grieved to hear Of the
sudden death Of Grandma Doty last
Monday morning. She was loved by
all and we wish to extend our sin
Ger sympathy to her relatives and
trends in their sad loss.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22
Old Highway No. 4

Mr.. and Mrs. Wesley Martin and
Orville; Mr.. and Mrs. Vesta Trum-
BILE and son, Lester, and daughter,
Violet, helped Mrs. Paul Rachey
celebrate her birthday Saturday
evening. "a delicious lunch was serv-
ed.
Jesse Martin and Charles Gordon
sawed wood for George Gartner
Friday.
Verna Martin spent Friday with
her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Wesley
Martin.
Ernest and Gerald Thornbloom
spent Thursday evening at Trier-
welllers.
Mrs. Thornbloom and daughter,
Helen, were Sunday afternoon and
supper guests at Wesley Martins.
Verna Martin spent Monday af-
ternoon with Mrs. Tom Penrose.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22
Page Five

Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Albers and
Henry Jr.. were Long Prairie call
ers last Wednesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Pfaff received
word Wednesday OF the death OF
Mrs. Pfaff's aunt, Mrs. Bernard
Klein, Of Minneapolis, Mrs. Pfaff
and son left Thursday for Mime
apolis to attend the funeral which
was held there Friday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Peter Jansen, Of
Sank Rapids, spent Monday even
ing with the formers mother, Mrs.
II. Harmeling.
John Enneking, of Melrose, was
a caller here last Friday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ben Ostendorf were
visitors at the Fred Hunter home
Tuesday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ben kaufman, Ted
and Joe kaufman, were callers at
Bowlus Friday.
Mrs. Guy Gussette and daughter,
Of Sank Centre are visiting here at
the home Of Mr.. and Mrs. Fred
Hunter.
Russell Farrow was an overnight
guest Of Jimmy Veneer Wednesday
evening.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22
Auxiliary Sewing Meeting

The Sewing meeting Of the AM
erican Legion Auxiliary was held
at the home Of Mrs. Henry Bastian
Tuesday, March Goth.
There was a good attendance and
the pieces for the quilt block were
completed. The material for the
caps to be made for the Legion
band had not been secured so a
special meeting will be held to
make the caps.
A delicious lunch was served by
the hostess.
AS this Is Library week and all
the American Legion Auxiliary un-
its are urged to do something to
procure books and encourage read
ing by the young people, a copy Of
the "101 Best Stories of Minnesota"
was presented to the Library.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22
Surprise Mrs. C. p. Vail

Monday evening a number Of lad
les of the Degree of Honor gath
cred at the home Of Mrs. G. P.
Vail, on Birch Street, as surprise
to the lady. The evening was
spent in a social way and with
guessing contests. Mrs. P. r. Dav-
is, in behalf of the members Of the
Degree Of Honor, presented Mrs.
Vail with a past presidents pin. A
lunch was served by the self-invit-
ed guests at the close Of the after
noon.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22
81. Patrick's Party

The Queen Esthers Of the Meth
odist Church, under the direction
of Mrs. r. B. Kettlewell, entertain
ed the ladies Of the Church at a
st. Patrick's party Saturday after
noon. Games and contests were
enjoyed, with Mrs. J. D. Butler and
Mrs. J. Opheim as winner. The hit
of the afternoon was the kitchen
band, composed Of the Queen
Esthers, under the direction Of Mrs.
Kettlewell. This organization rem
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22
Surprise Shower

Fourteen neighbors met in the
home Of Mrs. Guy Scott as a sur
prise to Mrs. Thee. Generich. The
event was in the nature Of q show
er and Mrs. Generich received sew
eral beautiful and useful gifts. The
time was spent in playing Five
Hundred. The guests furnished a
delicious lunch.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22
Girl Scout Community Committee
Meeting

The Community Committee OF the
Girl Scout movement in this city
held its regular meeting in the
home Of Mrs. Clyde Thomas Mon
day evening. Mrs. r. e. Hansen
gave a discussion on the Girl Scout
Troop. Mrs. J. F. Dubois, chairman.
appointed Mrs v. G.. Wedge and
Mrs. Roy Scott to investigate the
possibility and feasibility Of a Girl
Scout camp in this community.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22
To Entertain for Mother

Mrs. R. E. Cooper will be hostess
to a number of ladies at a one
o'clock luncheon to be given In
honor of her mother, Mrs. o. M.
Nutting, at her home on Main
Street, this Thursday afternoon.
Covers will be laid for twelve.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22
CARD OF THANKS

We wish to express our heartfelt
appreciation to the friends and
neighbors for their many acts Of
kindness rendered in the death and
burial Of our beloved husband and
the late Frederick Beuttler.
Mrs. Frederick Beuttler
and Children.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22
World Friendship Society

The World Friendship Society of
the Congregational Church will
meet in the home Of Mrs. Donald
Hanson Friday afternoon at three
o'clock. The assisting hostesses
will be Mrs. Clyde Thomas and
Mrs. August Otto. The program
will be in charge of Mrs. L. L.
Kells.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22
DePrea of Honor

The next regular meeting Of the
Degree of Honor will be held in
the Armory Monday afternoon,
March 26th, at 2:30 o'clock. The
hostesses will be Mrs. w. E. Gill
lette. Mrs. Elmer Hylaman and
Miss Bessie Veeder.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22
FriendshiD CIuh

A meeting Of the Friendship Club
was held Thursday afternoon at
one o'clock at the home Of Mrs. r.
B. Kinsella. Mrs. Leslie Gray and
Mrs. Cecil Swift reviewed plans for
achievement day. After the bust
ness meeting lunch was served by
Mrs. Miller Hansen, Mrs. F. P.
Schaub, Mrs Kinsella and Mrs.
Louis Ferrian.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22
III a l. CIuh

Mrs. w. A. Kohl entertained the
members Of the H and L Club at 4
1880 luncheon Tuesday noon in
honor of her guest, Miss Mathilda
Kohl, Of st. Peter.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22
Birthday Party

Bobby Rattle entertained a num-
Der of his schoolmates at birthday
party Friday after school. Bobby's
birthday, however, occurred on
Thursday. All enjoyed happy
afternoon.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22
Birthday Party

Mrs. Andrew Sorenson was hos
tess to the Birthday Club at her
home on Pine Street Tuesday af-
ternoon All enjoyed the time with
cards and sociability and at 4:30 a
fine lunch was served. Mrs. Sor-
enson was presented with useful
gift from her friends.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22
Gopher Prairie All Club

There will be a meeting Of the
Gopher Prairie All Club Monday,
March 26, in the Community Club
rooms. All members are urged to
attend.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22
Mid.Week Lenten Service

The mid-week lenten service of
the Congregational Church will be
held at the home of Mr.. and Mrs.
Ed Northrup Thursday evening at
7:45.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22
Social Events
HeSnadia Club

Mrs. v. T. Conklin delightfully."-
entertained the members Of the
Hespadia Club at a 1870 luncheon
Tuesday.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22
Ward Springs

Mrs. Ted Lano and Mrs. c.
Spicker, Of Long Prairie, spent
Tuesday there with Mrs. c. G.
Hunter and Mrs. K. Ray.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22
Guild Meeting

The Episcopal Guild will meet
this Thursday afternoon at the
Parish House.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22
Musical Program for Parents

Musical Program for Parents
The music class of the Sisters Of
st. Paurs Church will give a pro-
gram for the parents of the stu
dents Tuesday, March 9th, at 2:30
P. M. in the parlors of the church.
The following program will be pre-
sented:
Duet ......................... Johnson Twins
Song-Now Is the Time to Sing
..................... Junior Church Choir
Piano Solo-Moonlight ----...-........-..-
-..............--...............L Laura Simmer
Duet -.-....--. Marie Carter and Mag
dalen Zehrer.
Song-Over the Fields Of Clover.
Junior Choir
Piano solo-Narcissus ................
.-------.... Catherine Schwarzbauer
Piano Solo-Valse Rose ........----....
Marie johnson
Song-Lullaby ..--.--. Teresa Bastien
Piano Solo-Frolic and Fun ..-.-.
observation-disclosures. Teresa Bastien
Piano Solo-Reverie............G. Emilio
Piano Observation-Disclosures Otto
Poem and Solo ......-. Philip Thiegs
Piano Solo-Majesty Of the Deep.
.....................-....... Gordon johnson
Recitation and Solo............---.......-...-.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. Myron Johnson
Piano Solo-Home Sweet Home.
................-........ Howard Johnson
Piano Solo-Butterflie ............-..-.
--....-...-............. Raymond Berggreen
|Song-Longing for Home .........--...
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. James Forsberg
Piano Solo-The Glider ........-.-....--..
............----................ James Forsberg
Piano Solo-Left Hand Waltz,
Russian Dance ........ Chester Otto
Piano Solo-Shooting Stars .-......
-...-........--.................-. Henry Johnson
Playlet-Catherine Dahlem, Lor-
aine Hansen, Dorothy Hansen.
..---------..-..-.-..--.---..... Dorothy Hansen
Piano Solo-Nanette.-....C. Dahlem
Piano Solo-Coming Of Spring.
-.........-......-................ Lorraine Hansen
Song-Come with the Lark ........
..-......................... Junior Choir
Piano Solo-Liebestraum ..............-.
.....-.................---........ Janet Steiner
Piano Solo-Grande Valse .-..........
. ..................... Alice Halverson
ian Solo-Rustle Of Spring and
Raining ...-----.------..---...----- j. steiner
Song-Eventide .-...... Junior Choir
We regret that all the pupils can
not be presented this time, but hope
that next fall we shall be able to
give another program in which all
without exception shall participate.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22

dered several selections, which were
greatly enjoyed. A dainty lunch
was served at the close of the party.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22

DON'T FORGET THE REMOV.
AL SALE AT DOWSWELLS.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22

Piano Solo-Nanette.......C. Dahlem
Piano Solo-Coming of Spring
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22

Playlet-Catherine Dahlem, Lor-
aine Hansen, Dorothy Hansen.
Piano Solo-Bells ..............................
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-22

Song-Come with the Lark 10000.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-04-23

of peace in Asia was believed to-
day to have been made as a result
of commitments by Japan and the
Soviet Union.
The two nations, as represent
ed in conversation here Saturday,
exchanged pledges against war
and declared they had no inten-
ton of agrees toward one an
other. The expressions, voiced in
formally at both Moscow and
Toxic in recent harried months,
were regarded as peculiarly sig
nificant at this time, when rela-
tions have approached a danger
point in Manchuria and Siberia.
The conversations took place at
the war office in Toxic, when the
Soviet ambassador to Japan, Kon-
stantir Gurenev, called on the
war minister, General Senjuro
Hayashi, to discuss the delicate
issues growing cut of the Man.
churian situation.
Each was eager to assure the
other that war was not part OF
her national policy at this time,
and to scout rumors abroad that
a second Russo-Japanese war on
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-04-23
) CANDIDATES.
IN N.C.BARRED
Board of Elections Makes
Republican State Pri-
mary Unnecessary

Decision of the state board Of
elections to bar five Republican
candidates and one Democratic
aspirant to- public office because
notices of their candidates. per-
sonally signed by them were not
received in time, has brought out
a statement by w. G, Meekins, of
Hendersonville, state Republican
chairman, protesting the ruling.
Mr.. Meekins filed the notices of
the Republicans shortly before
the deadline. The action at Ra-
leigh barring these men and one
Democrat was taken Saturday.
81 cannot help but believe the
board has missed the letter and
spirit of the primary law, but the
decision is claimed 70 be final so
far as our rights arc concerned"
Meekins declared.
eve are urging upon all Re-
publican county organizations to
have two Republicans file with
their respective county boards of
elections before May 5 for some
county office such as coroner or
surveyor" Meekins said.
"This will force a county Re-
publican primary ard compel the
appointment of Republican judges
of elections in each precinct for
the primary. A Republican judge
in the precincts will give some
assurance of fairness for all can
didates of both parties, many of
whom believe the elections ma
chinery is being set against
them"
Two Of the five Republican can
didates eliminated from the ballot
were seeking congressional seats.
They were Mrs. Lucy B. Patter-
son, Republican nominee for con-
gress in the 9Th district, and E. d.
Continued on page three)
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-04-23
COUNTY COP.
TICKET Wins
ENDORSEMENT
Republicans Vote Choice
in Convention; no Bar
to Primary

The Henderson county Repub-
Ian convention, in session mere
Saturday, endorsed but did not
nominate candidates for the Varl-
Gus county offices with the eX-
ception of representative.
Two Republicans, Mingus Ship
man and j. F. Barrett, received
the same number of votes for
endorsement as representative
and so neither received the en-
dorsement.
Those who were endorsed are
as follows:
For Judge of the county re-
corder's court, R. II. Station; for
solicitor of the county recorder S
court, Richard Albritten; for
clerk of the superior court, Mar
tin Garren; for tax collector, j..
]. Pace; for register Of deeds
Clifford Field: for conOner, /.
C. Whisnant; for sheriff, NJ n.
Orr, and for the three county
commissioners, ]. R. Crye, King
Lanning and Plato c. Holbert.
In event others enter their
names as candidates for any OF
these offices, primary will be
held, probably at the same time
the Democrats hold their primary
on June 2. r
Frank Waldrop. chairman OF
the county Republican organIza-
ton presided at the meeting sat-
urday afternoon. He explained
at the conclusion of the series OF
ballots taken looking toward the
endorsements of candidates that
he hoped that efforts to secure
party endorsement of a ticket
had not brought about any DIS
affection and said that his feel
ings had not been hurt by the
choice of any of the aSpirantsS
for endorsement. He declared
that if any Republican wanted
the nomination. there would De
still time for him to file and en-
gage in a primary, should this De
desired.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-04-23
ARP. SYNOD
TOOPEN SOON
Four-Day Session Will Be.
gin Wednesday at Bon
Clarken

A four-day conference of the
Synod of the Associate Reformed
Presbyterian church will begin
Wednesday at Bonclarken, near
here.
More than $50 persons are ex-
pected to attend the annual ses-
sion of the body, the highest group
of the A. R. P. denomination.
Arrangements for the gather
ing were made early this month
by DIR. r. S. Galloway, of Due
West, S. c., and DR.. S. w. Reid,
of Mccormick, S. c., chairman OF
the church's summer conference.
DR.. Galloway is moderator of the
Synod.
The A. r. P. church, in addl-
ton to it's presbyteries in the
United States, has two mission
presbyteries, one in Mexico and
one in India. Representatives
from all are expected to attend.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-04-23
Holbert Not To
Run In County
Appreciates Endorsement
by COP. Saturday

P. D. Holbert, Republican, who
received the unanimous endorse
ment of the party in convention
Saturday afternoon as candi-
date for county commissioner can
not make the race, having de-
clared today in a statement to
Republicans of the county:
81 highly appreciate the honor
bestowed upon me at the meeting
of Henderson county Republicans
last Saturday in the unanimous
endorsement as a candidate for
county commissioner.
"With my present connections
with the Southern Public Utilities
company, which takes all my time,
do not feel that I can make this
race and give it the attention that
this would demand, therefore 1
shall have to decline accepting
this honor.
"Fhanking you again, and as
surfing you that the ticket you Sc
lect will have my full support"
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-04-23
new COMMITMENTS BY JAPAN AND SOVIET
UNION WILL FOSTER PEACE in FAR EAST

the continent of Asia was becom-
ing increasingly certain.
Ambassador Yurenev declared
that the Soviet Union had not the
slightest intention of declaring
war on anybody. in general, and
Japan in particular.
General Hayashi was quoted by
the Nippon Dempo news agency
as expressing regret over false
rumors that Japan planned to in
wade Siberia.
He declared the reports to be
absolutely false" and spread by
persons wishing to cause trouble
between Russia and Japan.
Hayashi also told the ambassa-
dor that he regretted it had been
necessary for Japan to use force
to settle the Manchurian problem
in the last two years, but that
there apparently had been no
other way to solve that problem.
The visit by the Soviet envoy
to the war office aroused a series
of wild rumors in Toxic, observ-
ers seeking to find the reasons
behind the call. 1t was empha-
Continued on page three)
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-04-23
OHIO IS Scene
OF KIDNAPPING,
THREAT note
Abandoned Car and De-
.mand for $4,000 Ran
som Found Today

FINDLAY, Ohio, April o.
(UP).-The abandoned auto of
Donald Schoonover, 81, former
athlete of Liberty township high
school was found near his home
today.
A note found in the auto by
Sheric Lyle Tarvitt said Schoon-
over had been kidnapped and that
almost $4,000 ransom was de-
manded for him.
d rha note was .crudely written
and said that further instructions
for paying the money would be
given the family today. 1t said,
"Do as you are told or we will
blow your heads off, and warned
against using police interference
in the transaction.