davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08
"Token" Is Construed to
Mean "Proof of a Fact"

"Something that serves as a
pledge of good faith" is one of the
definitions Of token" arrived at by
Oxford photographers. Also "some-
thing that serves to indicate fact"
or a proof of a fact" or a sym
bol," an evidence" The word was
in current use in Elizabethan days.
Then leaden, brass or copper pieces
or tokens" were issued by trades
as a medium of exchange; they
bore the name of the issuer, by
whom they were redeemable at their
nominal value. Shakespeare ap-
pears to have used the word more
than any writer since, generally as
In the following lines:>
"Give me some token for the su-
rety Of it."
I'm token Of which duty, If he
please, my hand is ready"
The Century Dictionary records
the word in the sense of keepsake"
or souvenir" The implication in
correspondence from other coun-
tries that "token" means, as to debt
payment, "a small amount" is not
according to Webster, an English
rendering; 1t is Scottish"
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08
Hideous Types of Fish
Come from Ocean Floor

In certain parts the North Allan
tic has a depth of several miles, and
on it's floor live strange creatures
that do not know what light Is, for
in those vast depths the most In
tense darkness Is found, observes q
writer In Tit-Bits Magazine. The
pressure is so great that no living
thing that lives on land or in the
upper parts of the sea could exist.
When nature produced those fish
Of the ocean floor, she must have
gone to the greatest pains to pro-
duce the most horrible objects imag-
Unable. The few specimens that
have been brought to the surface
by chance are not large, but what
they lack in size Is more than bal
anced by hideousness.
In such world there can be no
color; the surroundings in which
these fish live are probably as drab
as the dark water, and they them
selves are as dull as their homes.
Eyes would be useless If we judge
sight as we know it, yet we find
species that have pin-points for
eyes, while others have them as
large as templates. Some have
practically no mouth, with huge
bodies, while several seem to be all
mouth. One fish brought UP from
depth of 1900 fathoms was about
2 feet in length. It resernbled a
huge centipede, but instead of legs
it had hair-like fins on the top and
bottom of its body which looked
like a strip Of ribbon. Its mouth
was like a snipe's beak, and it Is
called the snipe- beaked ribbon fish.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08
Ancient BABYLON

The history of Babylon ends with
the removal of the inhabitants to
Seleucia in 275 B. c., although re-
ligious sacrifices were still per.
formed there 100 years later. The
walls and other defenses of the city
were RACED by Xerxes and have
never been rebuilt. The city re-
ceived it's start about 5000 B. G.
when the Euphrates river changed
its course and left Kish far inland,
the people Of Kish deserving 1t and
building the new city of Babylon by
the water. Sennacherib destroyed
the city in 500 B. c., but King Nabo-
polassar and his son, Nebuchad-
nezzar, built the city whose ruins
may now be seen. During the reigns
Of those two kings Babylon was the
chief city Of the world and capital
Of the Babylonian empire.-Path-
finder Magazine.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08
Oil Discovery

The first successful oil well In
the United States was drilled for
Col Edwin L. Drake by a driller
named "Uncle" Billy Smith and his
two sons, in 1859. Work began on
May 20 and oil was struck at a
depth Of 691A feet on August %. OF
course this was not the first dis
covery of oil in this country. The
Indians had used it for centuries.
Tradition has it that long ago a
Seneca Indian squaw dipped her
blanket in Oil creek in Pennsyl-
vania in the vain endeavor to trans
fer to 1t the iridescent hues Of the
floating oil; though it did not col
or the blanket, this oil when
squeezed out was used by the In
dams for other purposes. In 1927
the tercentenary Of the discovery
Of oil by a white man in this coun-
try was celebrated at Cuba, N. Y.
A Franciscan missionary, Father
Joseph de la Roche D'Allion, in
1907 was shown an oil well by the
Indians near this place.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08
Man.Made Lightning

It requires millions Of volts Of
stored up electricity to make one
good, big lightning fash. For years
man has been able to create with
In the laboratory the high voltage
necessary to make an artificial fash
similar to the real one In the skies.
This man-made lightning was not
created for amusement but served
for the purpose Of testing equip
ment, especially the devices de-
signed for lightning protection. I'M
portant use has been found for this
high voltage-breaking down the
atom. In this process, tiny atomic
particles are hurled against the
nucleus at high speed and while
very little power Is necessary, q
high speed Is essential. High volt
ages furnish the most satisfactory
method of obtaining these speeds.
Magazine.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08
sAUK CENTRE HERALD, Sank Centre, MINI.

Mr.. Thornbloom, a former resident
Of Birchdale and who resided on
the Mark Madlund farm near Fairy
lake in 1882, died near Long Prai-
rie Sunday of pneumonia.
VIM. Botz rented his home in
the northeast part of the city to
Stanley Gardner. The Botz are
busy moving to their farm five
miles northwest or Sauk Centre.
N. o. Corwin, who has been stay
ing at the Alfred Sorenson home
for the past year, has gone to the
Paul Rachey nome IN Birchdale
where he will stay indefinitely.
il. J. Adrian was a West Union
business visitor Friday.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08
"Artist's Proofs" Often
Cloud Value of Etching

The Evolution Of Art says regard
ing artists proofs" of etchings:
when the design is completed the
back and sides of the plate are pro-
tected by varnish and the face sub
jected to the action of acid, usual
ly by putting it into an acid bath.
The action Of the acid, Of course,
will be only along the lines where
the copper has been laid bare by
the etcher's needle, and the artist
must be very exact in his judy
ment as to how long to leave the
plate In the acid bath. When the
lines that are to be Ightest in his
print are sufficiently bitten, he takes
the plate out and covers those lines
with stopping-out varnish, then puts
it back for further biting Of the
darker lines. This process Is re-
peated until the darkest lines are
bitten to the desired depth. The
etching ground and varnish are then
cleaned off, the plate linked and a
proof pulled. If the proof does not
satisfy the artist, he covers the
plate with a transparent ground
that leaves the design visible and
makes such changes as he wishes
and again immerses the plate in the
bath. These artists proofs which
are, Of course, rare prints, since
often not more than one is made,
are sometimes very valuable. throw.
ing an interesting light on the art
lists work, even though the final
state Of the plate may be much
finer"
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08
Crab Apples

Although there are two wild crab
apple trees native to the United
States, neither Of these is Of any
value for its fruit. The kinds so
much In favor for the making of
fine jelly come from trees that had
their origin In southwestern Asia
and neighboring parts Of Europe.
Other varieties Of apples commonly
cultivated in this country were like
wise developed from wild apple
species found in the same Old
world regions that harbored the
ancestors Of the domesticated crab
annie
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08
American Humane Association

The American Humane associa.
ton Is q consolidation Of various So
cieties, formed at Cleveland, Ohio,
in 1877, becoming q national organi-
zation for the prevention Of cruelty
to animals and children. The ini-
tial work Of the society was to reg
ulate the abuses In cattle transpor-
tation by the railroads, and to Sc
cure the passage Of state laws look
ing to this end. It offered a prize
Of 5000 for the best model of a
cattle car that would make possible
the feeding, watering, and resting
Of cattle in transit, and many Inn
proved cattle cars were brought into
use. Prizes for essays on vivisec-
ton, its abuses and their remedy
were also offered for competition in
1900 among college and medical stu
dents. Since 1913 the societies rep
resented in the association number
over 300 with an aggregate men,
bership Of III, 200.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08
Treasure in Lake Huron

Lake Huron, frequently referred
to as the Lake of Sunken Treas
ure," contains the battered hulls Of
the steamers Fay, r. G. Coburn,
Lexington and Griffin, each loaded
with great cargoes Of wealth In
steel, copper. whisky and wine. Per-
haps the most romantic of all dis
appearances on the lak0s was the
Griffin. In January, 1879, she sailed
across the lakes to gather a cargo.
After slowing her hold with mer-
chandise and thousands of dollars
worth Of pelts and furs from the
Michigan trapping country, togeth-
er with $4,000 In gold, she started
on her return passage. She was
never heard of again. Historians
are generally of the opinion that
the little ship sank during a storm
on Lake Huron.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08
Woman, Held for Murder, Is Dead

LeCENTER-Mrs. Anna Budke Sc, who stood
trial this week charge of Staying her 17year-old
daughter, Alma, died in her cell in Jail late yester
day as she awaited second trial following jury
disagreement.
The daughter found dead in bed last Oct
l. victim of poisoning. Her mother, seriously i'll,
also had been poisoned but recovered, although she
has been in poor health since The exact vause of
her death not made known
After being indicted by county grand jury, Mrs.
Budke was placed on trial Monday and the CIV
en- the jury Wednesday noon After celebrating I'M
til late Thursday afternoon the jury reported it could
not agree and it was discharged.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08
Find Whole Tree at Depth of 26 Feet

EAST GRAND FORKS-Digging for well on
his farm Alfred Solstad found a complete tree, with
branches spread out in normal fashion the wood
well preserved, 26 meet underground. The find was
spruce tree, uncommon in itself because the spruce
is not native to that vicinity. Four years ago dig
ging machine the farm encountered a log at
about rs feet, but at that time the digging was
stopped because sufficient water had been obtained
Recently Solstad started digging again to get
water, and again hit the log. Most of the limbs and
the trunk of the tree firm and hard freshly
cut timber. The tree may have sunk with some lake
shore centuries ago, Or may have been covered by
the glacial drift in which it may be thousands
of years old.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08
canada's First Incorporated Town

Saint John, N. B., is the oldest
incorporated city in Canada. It
takes its name from the river at
whose mouth it lies, christened by
Champlain when he arrived there
on the twenty-fourth of June, 1904,
the day Of the feast of st. John the
Baptist. The City of Saint John
was first called Parr Town, being
founded in 1888 by United Empire
Loyalists. and named after Colonel
Parr, the governor Of the province.
In 1885 it was incorporated as a
city and the name changed to Saint
John.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08
Ocean Along Panamanian
Shore Boon to Natives

The sea along the Panamanian
shore produces pearl, salt, sponge
and coral, while inland many ma
tives are employed in sugar refiner-
les, soap, tanning, candle, shoe and
hat factories, and in gathering tor
toise shells for export.
Panama City, capital Of the re-
public, situated on the slopes over
looking the Pacific ocean, is Pana-
mas largest city. Its $4,000 inhab-
itants constitute about one-sixth of
the population of the republic.
Colon, the second largest city, is
situated on the Atlantic side of the
isthmus. It Is one Of Panama's
most striking examples Of modern
city development Not many dec
AIDES ago its site was swampy, fe-
ver-infested island, but it is now
one Of the most modern Pana-
manian cities with about 10000 in
habitants. Across the street from
Colon is Cristobal in the Canal
Zone.
Panama's population centers have
become racial melting pots. On the
streets of the capital the American
traveller may be jostled by men
from India, China, Japan, MALAYSIA,
the East and West Indies, the
South Sea Islands, and nearly all
the countries Of Europe and South
America. Census reports indicate
that there are some 5000 Orientals,
$1,000 whites, $1,000 negroes, 49,
500 Indians, and 26S,0O0 Mestizoe,
In the republic.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08
Heat of Stars

Omicron Ceti, In the constellation
Of the whale, is one of the variable
stars and the astronomers at Mt.
Wilson observatory state that the
heat of this star varies between g.
300 and 400 degrees Fahrenheit
and the brightness increases or de-
ereases 225 times during the fluctu-
alton. Omicron Ceti is one of the
cooler stars. An example of a real
" hot star is Zeta Orionis. a faint
star, with a temperature of about
A,0O0 degrees Fahrenheit.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08
Named St. Lawrence River


The st. Lawrence river received
Its name from the fact that Jacques
Cartier christened one Of the little
bays on the north shore Of the gulf,
st. Lawrence. He entered the bay
on the tenth Of August, 1885. It
was the day Of the Feast Of st.
Lawrence. The name spread gradu-
ally to the whole gulf and river. st.
Lawrence was a deacon Of the early
Christian church who was put to
death by order Of the Roman EN-
peror Valorian. It is said that
when he was ordered to hand over
the church's money, he went around
and gathered together all the poor
among whom he had been in the
habit of dividing it. He was buried
in the Catacombs.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08
Pleasant Valley

A large number Of friends and
relatives spent Sunday at the Jens
Lying home to remind Mr.. Lying of
his birthday anniversary.
Mrs. Steve Christie was a visitor
at the home of Mr.. and Mrs. Gus.
Genrick in Sank Centre Sunday af-
ternoon.
After a weeks vacation Elda Har-
din resumed teaching in the Pleas
ant Hill school Monday morning of
this week.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08
State News Briefs
From Our Exchanges
Disbarred Lawyer Held for Swindle

ST. PAUL-Police held three in an attempted
$4,000 swndle of Father A. G. Carey, of st. Ceceas
Catholic church here
The men under investigation by police Abe
Gnsberg, dsbarred Minneapolis attorney; Robert La
dus, of Minneapolis, and E. Smith, of Neenah, Wis.
Father Carey told police the three ap-
preached him with the announcement that he
the beneficiary of $450O00 estate in Denver, Col.
and asked him to advance $4,000 for attorneys fees
and expenses. Friday night when the three were to
have returned for Father Careys decision police
rested Gnsberg, Ladus and Smith at the designated
meeting plac.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08
Capitol News

John P. Arnoldy, chief of the
highway patrol, has appealed to all
Minnesota motorists to dim head
lights when approaching other cars
at night. While modern headlights
are not supposed to be glazing,
many of them get out of adjust
ment and are dangerous, Mr.. Arm
oldy said. In a recent test, the pa
troll chief found that less than so
per cent of night drivers dim head
lights at all, even after requests to
do SO by the dimming of other
headlights approaching them. In
another test. three drivers out Of
II dimmed their lights. Highway
officials believe drivers will re-
spond to an appeal for ordinary
courtesy to other drivers. There
is no question but that a large per .
centage of headlights in use on
our highways are dangerous to
other motorists" Mr.. Arnoldy said.
A courtesy drive by highway pa
trolmen has been ordered.
Muskellunge are listed as one of
the most desirable of Minnesota's
numerous game fish and every ang-
Ter always looks forward to the
sport of landing one of these fight
ing members of the f1nny tribe. Elk
periments in muskellunge propaga-
ton last year at Elbow Lake met
with success and authorities of
the Division of Game and Fish are
now considering of setting aside
large areas in muskellunge lakes
for the breeding of this gamey fish.
Plans involve penning muskellunge
in restricted areas and prohibiting
all fishing in these areas.
According to orders received
from Washington, CWA demobili-
cation will be so swift and rapid
that the number of Minnesota CWA
workers will be down to $4,000 by
the first of April. This means that
the machinery recently set up by
the state emergency relief commit
tee for the gradual tapering-off of
C. w. A. activity will be strained
to the utmost between the neces-
sity of getting under the quota re-
quirements and handling the food
of applications for review and med
iation. Generalization must be
accomplished so fast that county
boards will have little time for
thorough investigation. Even work
ers who are not laid off immediate
ly cannot look forward to very
long continuance on the job. The
quota allotments are rigid.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08
Gypsies at 1t Again

present conducting a campaign on
conservation in the Minneapolis
public schools. About 5000 pupils
are seeing motion pictures and
hearing George Bradley, bureau di-
rector, lecture each day.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08

drivers license does not show up a
day or so after you send in your
applications. IA last minute rush
has swamped the drivers license
bureau and means you may not re-
ceive your license for several weeks
Gil Carmichael, bureau head, gives
assurance that no concentrated
drive on unlicensed drivers will be-
gin for another two weeks. There
are still 100000 drivers who have
not made application for license.
Not realizing that $50 citizens
each day clamor for conferences
with the governor, many persons
make long trips to the Capitol seek
ing an audience. Quite often they
are disappointed. If one lives
considerable distance from st. Paul
it is advisable to write and ask for
an appointment before one calls.
This would save many a fruitless
trip.
The figures just released by the
state emergency relief committee,
showing drop of 418 per cent
from January 1888 to January 1884
in the relief load of families aided,
reflects the result of CWA work in
Minnesota. Most of the decrease
followed the advent of that work in
November, but it cannot show the
full benefit of the CWA program
as it affects relief needs. The peak
of relief comes in March, follow
ing a steadily rising curve. BY
every indication, this curve was
headed for a new high in March,
1884, with conservative estimates
placing the relief load from rs to
so per cent higher than that of
March, 1888, which itself set a rec
ord. But the rising curve was ar
rested and turned downward until
at the present time it is below the
summer level.
Evidence of greed has showed up
here and there among those who
have hay and grain to sell to the
state for drought relief. In one in
stance grain dealer tried to
charge 20 cents a bushel for oats
when the market price was about
35 cents. Hay prices have been
boosted by sellers about 81 ton.
However, those in charge of buy
ing for the state executive council.
refuse to pay more than the mar
ket price. All grain and hay pur-
chased by the board is bought in
Minnesota and as near to the
drought district as possible. Last
week the executive board voted an
other 100000 to be expended for
drought relief.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08

The Minnesota Tourist Bureau
has gone educational and is at
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08

Don't be apprehensive if your
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08

READ TIT HERALD FOR NEWS
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-03-08

TWO TlARBORS-There just too many ha
Walter Grudnosky. who was called last wee
when pack of dogs chased a deer the ice at Lal
Superior where they mutilated it so badly he had
shoot the animal.
St. Croix tribune. [volume] (Christiansted, St. Croix, V.I.) 1922-1937, 1934-03-07
Hurrah for Golden
SO SHOUTS HE CROWD

What was estimated 10 be The largest
assemblage at any public meeting was
present in the Public Market last night
where protest meeting against Colo
Lial Council Bill No. 81 was staged.
Mr.. Andrew c. Pedro. Secretary of
the Virgin Islands Civic and Industrial
Association of New ork was The first
speaker He made il clear that the is
land wide opposi' ion against the Bill
was not because Governor Pearson had
introduced ii, but because it was very
unsuitable TO the needs of the people
and generally unsatisfactory. The Pre-
sdent's plan as outlined in his letter
to Secretary Ickes is sound, he said
but the methods of control. the demands
made upon the people in exchange for
the Federal assistance are far too great.
He said the people wanted the Roosevelt
plan-not the Pearson plan.
Hon. AnseImo Fabio related his ex-
perience at a private meeting held by
the Lieutenant Governor for employees
of the Government. He entered the
meeting when the Lieutenant Governor
was explaining the Bill. and heard him
state that the people of the island want
ed all the safeguards and that the Fed
eral Government should have the safe
guards. He. Fabio. asked permission
to address the house and stated the
Objectionable features inCouncil Bill No.
q. The speaker continued to emphasize
the program as outlined by President
Roosevelt is all right for the people but
not in the way DR.. Paul M. Pearson
and Mr.. Lawrence W. Cramer have
brougt it to them. That is the cause of
the great opposition against the Bill.
During his speech Mr. .sFabio called for
three cheers for Hon. Arnold M. Golden
Then-Hip hip, hurrah! hip hip. hurrab!!
Hip hip, b-u-r-r-a a. hi!
A large board was displayed with the
words We want Roosevet's Plan. MOT
Pearson's Plan.
he people were advised to assemble
in the Market tomorrow morning $3.50
and from there proceed to the wharf 70
welcome Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt.
St. Croix tribune. [volume] (Christiansted, St. Croix, V.I.) 1922-1937, 1934-03-07
Random Notes

We are in receipt of an article written
by Governor Paul M. Pearson contain
explanations concerning the requested
charter for the Virgin Islands Company
known as Colonial Council Bill No q.
Having to conclude Hon. Arnold NJ.
St. Croix tribune. [volume] (Christiansted, St. Croix, V.I.) 1922-1937, 1934-03-07
HON. ARNOLDM. GOLDEN'S SPEECH
Continued from Page One

rom confiscating property. feel it is
90 serious a matter in this instance to
nicker much more to smile One of the
gentlemen who it is said is a member of
he brain trust of President Roosevelt in
us spoke glowngly about the
neasure and said theseiare the objec-
ives:
1. A device for securing an adequate
amount of working capital to come
into the Virgin Islands to effect
a general economic rehabilitation
of the islands.
2. Establishment of the most efficient
unit for operation of rum and bay
rum industries, both o. which re-
quire large sums of money for de-
velopment and for marketing.
8. To assure every one on the islands
at least adequate subsistence
4. To achieve security for the inhabi-
tants of the islands by insurance