davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-04-10

would run into real money and
would probably make the actual
amount needed ito pay ire sal
aries of teachers and principals
exceed the original estimate. But
there was no way of estimating
even approximately how much
the excess would be, since that
could not be determined until the
teachers were employed and their
certification determined. But re-
CARELESS of this, the commission
felt that the only fair way to de-
termine a salary schedule based
partially upon experience was to
give the teachers credit for each
wear they had taught, regardless
of the type of certificate held.
at has been a big task to work
out the certificatiOn and salary
ratings of more than $4,000
teachers. A great deal Of cor
respondence and checking of rec
ords has had, to be done by the
certification division Of the state
department of public instruction,
which has done all this work.
Even now, it will not be possible
to determine exactly how much
will be needed to pay all the
teachers in full until all the
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-04-10

manner in which teachers were to
be given credit for experience
under the new salary schedule as
compared with the old one
Martin then explained the old
system of rating the experience
of teachers as compared with the
new system adopted by the school
commission, although it could
have retained the old system, UNI
der which the teachers would
have gotten about 100000 less
for their work this year than
they will get. Under the old sys-
TEN it was found that during the
previous year Go teachers were
listed as holding A-grade certifi-
Gates with one year of exper-
fence: $50 with A-grade certifi-
Gates with four years experience.
But when the commission decided
to recognize all previous teach
ing experience up to eight years,
regardless of the tyne Of certifi-
cate held during the time of this
experience, the number of teach
ers with experience years to their
credit was greatly increased.
ut was clear to the commits
sion that this change in determin-
ing the experience increment
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-04-10
Bv ]. C. BASKERVILL
The Times-News Bureau
Sir Walter Hotel

RALEIGH, April 10. The
100000 to 100000 by which
the actual payroll for the public
school teachers in the state will
probably exceed the original esti-
mates has not come about thru
carelessness on the part of the
state school commission in estl-
mating salaries, but almost en-
tirely as the result of its liberal
ity, Leroy Martin, executive sec
retary of the commission pointed
out Yesterday in a statement pre-
pared exelusivel for the after
noon newsDapers. He also again
asserted That every teacher viii
be paid iIf full, even il the salary
requirements are 100000 in ex,
cess of the original estimates and
regardless of whether federal aiC
is obtained from the emergency
relief administration or not. AS
a result, the amount of the sal.
ary cut for school teachers will
in many cases be less than the
80 per cent decrease by the 1888
general assembly.
The reason the salary payroll
will probably be between $780,
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-04-10
TEACHER PAY
IN n. c. RATES
with LOWEST
Commission Exceeds Esti-
mates by 100000 But
Schedule Near Bottom

RALEIGH. April 10. - mo
state in the nation is paying
teachers as much as they are PAID
in North Carolina"
This is one of the several ra-
,rors that is going the rounds IN
The state. others being that there
are only three states paying
more and another that IL other
states are paying less. n: 7.
teachers would be happy II eithel
"e Rnt neither of them is true,
the truth being that teachers IN
This state are being paid among
fbe lowest salaries in the nation,
as has been ascertained by all
figures that are available at that
time. in a bulletin issued by tne
npblie relations committee OF the
Il G. Education association, OF
which Guy B. Phillips, Greens
boro, was chairman until his re-
cent election as president.
In North Carolina. the bulletin
shows, on figures of the state
school commission, S1l,oOi ,zlo
has been allotted to teachers;
S9.1O6,S87 to white teachers ana
S2.394, 1929 to negro teachers;
The number of teachers allotted
in The state is 23,077, or 1925
white and 6549 negro. By a sim,
ME process of division. it is found
that the teachers receive an aver.
age of S49S a year, S05O tOf
white and 1865 for negro teach
ers. Figured further, the oulle-
tin points out, the teachers get
S4l.5O q month, or S1.36 day,
on the II months basis.
Figures will not be available
entirely accurately until after
the year has ended and they can
be compiled, but the appropria-
tions for teacher salaries are
taken as a basis, and with the
funds the federal government IS.
now adding, the assumption IS
that they will be paid on that
basis for the entire length OF
term. With that and other slight
inaccuracies in mind. figures for
% states have been gathered and
are given as follows:
North Carolina. S49S; Alabama,
$500; Arkansas, $40; Connecti-i1
cut, $3.50: Delaware, $1413;l
Florida. $500; $1,000; Indiana,
S11OO; Iowa, S547; Maryland, TO-
per cent cut; Massachusetts,,
SIS3S; Michigan. $994.35; Min
nesota, $500 to 5000; Mississippi,
S4O6: Nevada. 1920 to $1200;t
New Mexico, $500; Ohio, S792
to S1642; Oklahoma, $3.50; Penn
sylvania, slight reduction; Rhode
Island, S1,6SO; South Carolina.
s462 plus supplements; South Da-
kota, $3.50 to $1033: Texas,
S722; Utah. $3.50; Vermont,
S797; Virginia. S601; West Vir-I
ginia, $500 to SI026; Wyoming,
$500 to $1,000.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-04-10

dents were taken care of by the
CWA routine. ..... .., 49,.
The local emergency relief Of
fee has since Septen; Der End paid
to physicians for services and
mileage, $S77.02, in addition to
CWA fees. The fees for this re-
lief work are much less than the
regular charges.
In order that partially may not
be shown in this phase of work,
the privilege is given every relief
family to select its own physician
provided such physician agreed to
the schedule of charges fixed by
the medical society and state au-
thorities. After being called ply
sicians are required TO obtain per-
mission from this. office before
rendering services t. the prospec-
tive patient.
The emergency relief office Va
not permitted to take care of hos
pital cases, but minor operations
in office or in the home are per
mitted Under the arrangement.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-04-10
BANDIISIl9l
BANK INSI1I'

SEAB0APD. 3n7,.,
FlouliShino o,,,, 'p'" .O.~'I
bandits IT,. S'''s' three yn.I
b ba,'"''s rooted the FaYme,., 1
mere mere OF >I9,OSG ye,...;,
shot. 'u' nj,
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-04-10
High Spots
of
Emergency Relief
BY NOAH HOLLOWELL
Director

Final reports of CWA activi-
ties show that the service of ply
sicians was affected in a small
way. ,
The local medical society had
an agreement with state authorl-
ties as to mileage and fees cover
ing various phases Of service.
Persons suffering from acct
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-04-10
NOTED PAPER sUspry

>,l PH1LADELrIlIA, Ami
The Philadclrj5t;.,' , =
Public Ledger, one oF g. y
newspapers in the CONT ~.
the Sunday Public IsJ j,,,
owned by the late Cym S'. ,
Curtis and operated i,
death by Public Ledger r..
cease publication SUNDAY :. /.
nnOunced last night = !
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-04-10

.a,ord of local carloadings any
more I am confident that the i'm
movement in this respect in this
General territory has been quite
as, great as in the country as d
whole" said Mr.. Creighton.
The Charlotte man showed the
latest statistics from the car SER
vice division of the American
Railway association in Washing
ton as evidence of the gains made
in the amount of freight shipped
this year, as compared with the
volume of traffic in 1888 and
LARGE GAINS REPORTED
During the week ending March
"a. 60s,462 cars of freight were
loaded in the United States, an
increase of 128,509 over the same
week of last year and 47,S44 cars
above the. loadinGs fol. the CORE
spending week Of 1882. The car
loadings for the week ending
March II, totaled 625,773; for
the same week of last year, the
loadings aggregated only, 453,637;
and diring the corresponding
week of 1882, the loadings
amounted to only 5S4,759.
The same ratio of Increased
commerce shown throughout the
country holds in the South, said
Mr.. Creighton, who showed fig
ures for the southern district for
o recent week wher the carload
ings totaled 95,957 in the South,
as compared with 1888 for the
same week of 1888, and S8,673
for the same week of 1882.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-04-10

schools have closed.
However, the records and the
facts show that the school COM
mission has done everything pos
sible to see that the teachers got
as much as possible of the $l6,-
100000 appropriation for the
schools"
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-04-10
.CARL0ADINCS
SHOW UPTREND
Secretary Of N. c. Traffic
League Says Entire
Nation Affected

CHARLOTTE, April 1o'-bus'-
moss GAINS in this, section OF the
south and throughout the enti! .,
nation are reflected in substantial :
increases. in number of cars o.
freipbt loaded, William S. creigh-
ton. traffic secretary. of the NORM y
Carolina Traffic league and OF u th l.
Charlotte Shippers and Manutac-
turers' > association, pointed out
Carloadings throughout the
United States thus far this year
have increased 26.s per cent oyer
Tie cairloadings for the same pc
Rod last year, and ga per cent
over the Ioadings for 1882. ..
:" "Although we do not keep a
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-04-10

There is no substitute fo,
newspaper advertising.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-05-22
Unemployed Delegation
To Present Demands
on May %

PITTSBURGH, Pa, May
21.-In reply to a letter from
the Allegheny County Unen-
ployment Councils, Eric H.
Biddle, state relief admins
traitor, was forced to agree
to meet with the delegation
of unemployed workers on Monday,
May %, at his Office in Harrisburg.
In the meantime, the Unemploy-
ment Councils are continuing their
demand that the entire State Re-
lief Board meet with the unem-
ployed workers delegation on Tues
day, May o.
From Western Pennsylvania alone,
more than SO delegates elected by
the locals and sections of the Coun-
ellis are expected to be in Harris
burg on May %. The drive for
signatures to the petition listing the
demands is rapidly approaching the
original goal of $4,000. The Har-
risburg Councils are making ar
rsngements to obtain hall for the
delegates.
United Front
Thirty-five regular delegates re-
presenting seven locals of the In
dependent Unemployed Ctttze
League of Pittsburgh, after hearing
a short talk on the purpose of the
Harrisburg delegation and the de-
nnaads raised by the Councils, voted
unanimously to enter the united
front and to elect delegates.
The Planning Board of the I. U
G. L. voted to send Ia delegates, two
from each local. After considerable
discussion on the demands raised by
the Councils, the I. U. O. l.. voted
to support these demands on the
basis of certain additions and clari-
fications.
The Planning Board delegates OIL
The I. U. G. L. especially applaudeG
Frankfelds call for one united I'M
employment movement to be set ur
In Allegheny County. The I. U. G. L
Is growing at the expense of the
Socialist controlled Unemployed
Citizens League, from which they
we're expelled, and are conducting
Joint actions and working in close
cooperation with the Unemploy-
ment Councils.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-05-22
Steel Union Prepares for Strike action

and departments and build the S. NJ.
w, L U. into a powerful organiza-
ton IN their mill.
The S. NJ. w. I. U. has proven its
sincerity for united action in every
struggle Of the steel workers. In
this same spirit we call for united
preparation and carrying through of
the strike. Regarding the demand
for recognition, we stand for the
policy Of joint action on the part of
the A. A. and the S. M. w. I. U.
against the company union, and for
the establishment of the union shop
in each mill, through a Joint
agreement of both unions where
both exist, with the democratic right
Of the steel workers to join any
union Of their choice. We of course
urge the steel workers to organize
themselves and build the S. M. w
I. u, because its program and policy
and leadership alone meet the
needs of the steel worker. We also
wish to point out to the steel workers
that we stand always ready to unite
with the membership Of the A. A
into one fighting organization of the
steel workers.
Such united organization can
however, only be achieved by de,
feating the policy of Mike Tighe anC
company, and by removing thost
elements he represents from al
/ positions of influence among thu
steel workers. The building of
strong s. M, w. I. U. is the hes
beginning to achieve one unite'
fighting union in the industry ant
for the immediate carrying through
I of a successful strike.
Forward in united front of all
steel workers to gain better con-
ditions and higher wages.
Smash the company union!
Organize, Unite, Prepare for Strike
Note: We urge all locals Of the
S. M. w. I. IT,, all locals Of the
Amalgamated Association and in
dividuals TO order the above in
leafIet form, and all individuals
who wish to distribute them. Send
your order to 929 Fifth Ave, Room
Sill, Pittsburgh, Pa, 1000 copies
for S1.5O. Small bundles of 100 for
SOC.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-05-22
Labor Rouses the Waterfront
XII Socialist Party Leaders, seamen, and Com muni Party

many rapidly developing struggles,
it was unable to give sufficient guild
ance to the seamen-it failed to
show the way to put down the left
list tendency that isolated the sea-
men from other proletarians, it
failed to show the way to build a
united front from below despite the
opposition of Socialist leadeds and
others, who effectively served the
ruling class while supposedly at
tempting to lead the working class.
The seamen's failure to establish
a united front from below was per-
haps their most serious shortcoming
It was due, in part, to the absence
of strong Unemployment Councils
away from the waterfront; and TO
the failure to do serious, long con-
tinued work toward winning the
membership within the P. U. L. and
the A. F. of L. on united front is
sues. 1t was due also to simple
failure to properly apply the united
front from below tactic. In April
the Waterfront Unemp 0 y m e n
Council did call a United Front
Conference on relief. In it num-
Der of P. U. L. delegates and some
A. F. of L. members as well as In
| ternational Workers Order and other
mass organizations participated.
They held a mass demonstration
with 1900 participating, on the
street opposite a transient relief sta
ton. During the meeting, worker
came forward and presented a COPY
of the pauper's oath statement
which relief officials we're demand
ing that he sign, This was read al
the meeting and denounced-but
neither Immediately after this meet
ing, nor later, did the United Front
Conference or the Unemployment
Council take up the case of thi;
worker or do any serious work witt
the rank and file of the P U. L. or
the paupers oath. The P. U. L
later succeeded in having The
pauper's oath amended" and, al
though it still included most of thu
vicious aspects, the P U. L. prate
of its victory" on the pauper's oath
The Communist Party local lead
ership fell short, however, in TIL
application Of the Party program TO
rendering every possible support t.
the seamen's movement and al
working class struggles. The So
cialist Party and the Socialist-led F
U. L. adopted a deliberate policy o
refusing oo-opers ton, objectiyel
hampering the waterfront struggle.
Go Be Continued)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-05-22
BY MARGUERITE YOUNG

WHILE seamen were fight
W ing to hold control of re-
lief, the unemployed through
out the city of Baltimore were
complaining against being re-
quired to sign a pledge which
was practically a pauper's
oath in order to get home relief.
Seamen's delegates approached
the Peoples Unemployed League
and proposed a united front for
seamen's control and against the
pauper's oath. This P. U. L. with
a paper membership of $4,000 and
1000 active members, was organized
by six middle-class professionals,
college instructors, lawyer, a min
lister and Department of Justice
Notwithstanding four prominent
Socialist Party members. Two of
those prominent Socialists" heard
the seamen and replied, The best
thing we can do is to give each other
our blessing and let it go at that"
S. P. Won't Cooperate
"You mean we can say we don't
mind each other and scram," the
seamen's spokesman interpreted.
Yes, that was it. The Socialist
Party unemployed leaders fatty re-
fused to cooperate with the most
dramatic and historic working class
movement Baltimore has ever seenl
They did even more They de-
clined a seaman's offer to support
an unemployed demonstration led
exclusively by the Socialist Party.
These developments followed curt
refusal of the P, U. L. TO form a
united front with any unemployed
who insisted upon dragging in the
Communist Party" even though a
united front already had been estab-
lished between the Communist
Party and unemployed groups. Any
unemployed who accepted the CO.
operation of the Communist Party,
in short, were untouchables to So
cialist Party unemployment leaders.
The Communist Party, from the
beginning, however, threw all its
resources into aiding the seamen's
movement.
The seamen report that the So
cialist Party, as such, not only held
aloof from the waterfront struggle,
but allowed, if it did not direct, one
Of its street corner speakers to de-
clare to waterfront crowd that the
marine workers were trying to lead
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-05-22

replied they might consider it If you
make it only against human nature
and not against capitalism, because
I'm a capitalist myself
Some weeks ago, a delegation Of
unemployed who were being led by
the Socialist Party from New York
to Washington, stopped in Balti-
more. Representatives of the Inter
national Labor Defense, the Sesmen
and the Relief Workers Protective
League, proposed that we Join their
demonstration, to support their own
demands. They refused, saying
they had no time to consider it in
a regular meeting"
1t was, in short, the same old
story of prominent Socialists" sup
porting the workers enemies by re-
sisting all efforts toward unity. In
this connection it is more than a
coincidence that some of the so
cialists" are personal friends, close
associates, of State Relief Director
Harry Greenstein. The latter urged
me to advise the seamen to follow
a policy such as the P. U. l.. fol-
lows!
Communist Party and Seamen
What of the Communist Party
and the seamen?
1t was as a result of the Com
munist Party's policy to root itself
seriously in the basic industries, to
become the leader of the day-to-
day struggles of the working class
for its smallest, most immediate
needs as we'll as for final freedom
from oppression, that the marine
workers rallied to the revolutionary
waterfront struggle. Not Red agita-
tors financed from New York" as
Greenstein charged, but Baltimore
workers, responding to the Commu-
mist Party's program, led this water
front movement.
Those 125 or so who joined the
Communist Party while more than
1000 went through the Seamen'S
Project under seamen's control, drew
directly upon the Communist Party'S
program for guidance, and sought
the advice of the Party in applying
it.
In addition, the Communist Party
rallied other workers to support The
seamen by donating their pennie;
in critical stages of the fight, By
mass demonstrations, etc, by every
mass organization in which it hac
any influence.
Perty's Shortcomings
It was a shortening Of the sec
ton leadership Of the Party that
with limited fsrces and facing
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-05-22

the taxpayers around by the nose. "
Socialist leaders deny this, and,
unfortunately the seannen did not
obtain the name of the speaker.
However, one Socialist leader told
me che didn't think" it happened,
and added, by way of defense, 1.-THE
only one it could have been was not
in the Socialist Party at the mo-
ment, and he has been taken back
in over the protests Of some of us"
I asked Frank TRACER, Johns Hop
kinS philosophy teacher and one of
the Socialist Party founders of the
P. u. L., why no united front was
formed,
Why No United Front
"That goes back some time" he
replied. There's never been a sue
cessful united front movement here.
In 1888, the Communist organizer
and the Unemployed Councils came
to P. U. L. leader and proposed a
united front May Day demonstrs-
ton. The P. U. L. was willing to
form united front with the Unem-
ployment Council, but they insisted
on dragging in the Communist
Party"
But there already existed a
united front between the Unem-
ployed Council and the Communist
Party, and you were asking them to
break it as the price of the P. U. LIS
joining?"
Eyes, if you put it that way"
"And the Socialist Party never
has taken any stand on the sea
mems movement"
We've had a good deal of dis
cussion Of the seamen's movement.
he said, but the Socialist Party
never took an official position be-
cause we never had q successful
united front. The seamen never
proposed one to delegates meetings
of the Socialist Party"
TRACER admitted, however, that
the General Council of the P. U. l.
had a thorough discussion of the
matter on April 81, and still took nc
position,
Milton Berthold, organizer of the
Relief Workers Protective League
composed of former P. U. L. mem
bers who were expelled for mon
payment of dues" what the So
cialst leaders called taking on q
partisan character" that is, for
being penniless and militant had
something to sdd.
when the united front for MAY
Day was proposed he ssid, "A E
Monsell, a wealthy 5. 2. member
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-05-22
.JObless Defeat
East ST. Louis
Relief Plan
United Front Must Be
Consolidated, Jobless
Worker Writes
BY a Worker Correspondent

EAST ST. LOUIS, ILL.,, May I'll
About $50 workers, incensed over the
attempts Of the st. Clair County
Emergency Commission to institute
forced labor, marched on the Rose
Lake School in Fairmont City re-
lief project Relief workers on the
job joined the marchers and re-
fused to continue on the job. The
men, members of the A. F. of L.
Hodcarriers Local 142 and the Fed
eral Employees Association Local 100,
demand that all relief work be paid
at the rate of IS cents an hour for
a six-hour day, fiye-day week, a
so per cent increase in relief, free
milk to the unemployed and free
clothing, household utensils, rent,
heat, light, gas, water and cleo
trieity, and free dental and medical
care.
The foreman on the job was booed
down when he asked the men to
stay on the job. When Lee, Negro
worker, asked him a question, he
! replied, Don't talk to me, Niger.
Several workers sprang to the Ne
gro workers defense.
Although good initial steps have
been taken by the unemployed
workers in defeating the work relief
schemes, the calling of the United
Front Conference of all labor and
unemployed organizations for the
purpose of establishing a permanent
body, the ousting of the misleaders
of the F. and S. A. E. A, it is neces-
sary to consolidate all the forces
of the unemployed, to adopt a
united front program of action
which will rally all the workers
Negro and white, employed and I'M
employed, for this program. Al
though the unity of the Negro and
white workers is growing daily, it
is necessary to raise special de-
mands for the Negro workers, point
ing out the discrimination-cutting
off of relief, Jim-CroW at the relief
stations, etc.
In addition to the demands
raised must be added the endorse
ment of the Workers Unemploy-
ment and Social Insurance Bill
Oh. R. 1899, workers control of the
relief administration with represen-
tation on all relief commissions, all
P. w. A. funds to be used for new
workers homes, schools, hospitals
etc, and an end to all forms of Mes
gro discrimination.