davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1934-12-28

The basis Of the modern police
organization was an act Of the New
York legislature In 1874, provld-
ing for a consolidated "day and
night police" During the next few
years similar measures were taken
in Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago,
New Orleans, Baltimore, Newark
and Providence.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1934-12-28
Swallow Earthworms

In Java the earthworm Ia consid-
cred musical because Of its tinklIng
sounds at night, so the young girls
swallow them alive, believing that
this musical quality will In some
mystical way be impaired to their
voices.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1934-12-28
Pemmican

Pemmlcan consisted originally of
lean meat cut in thin slices, dried
in the sun, pounded fine, mixed
with melted fat, and packed. It
was much used In that form by
North American Indians as a con-
venient food to be carried. The
term Is applied to a similar prep
aration to which dried fruit is
sometimes added and which is COM
pressed Into cakes. II Is much used
by explorers.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1934-12-28
Actuarial Studies

Actuarial studies are concerned
with mathematical theory Of life
contingencies, preparation Of Life
and monetary tables and theory of
risk valuation Of insurance policies
to meet statutory requirements.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1934-12-28
Tennant, Cook .. Thsr Move

Tenants Cook As They Move
Cooking and performing other
household tasks as usual, $40 ten
ants in a four-story stone building
In Moscow, Russia, enjoyed Life
while the building was being moved
III feet recently. They occupied
the apartments during the change.
and the water and electricity were
not cut of. The building is esti-
mated to weigh 5000 tons.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1934-12-28
christ'. Personality

The reason why the personality
Of Christ compels everybody's adj
mlring affection is that Of all char
acters known, his had In It the
least desire to impose authority,
and the most desire to persuade.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1934-12-28

Miss Betty Anderson of Chicago,
Ill, made a hurried trip to Mime
apolis because of the illness of her
sister, Mrs. Matte Abbey, 715
Fremont Ave.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1934-12-28
IN HOSPITAL

Mrs. Fannie Pierre Lewis has
been confined to the hospital for
two weeks.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1934-12-28
BURNING SHAME

Forty-five human beings burned to death
by nnobs from 1919 TO 1884, inelusiveI 70
eorpses burned by lynching mobs from 1913
to 1884, inclusivei
Roll Of States
p,.rnad pndfaa Ruruad
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1934-12-28

The states have mot stopped lynehing.
Federal action 10 needed.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1934-12-28
Ernest McDuffy
Is Again Denied
Pardon By Board

The following statement was is
sued by the international Labor
Defense, Minnesota district
through M. Masloff, secretary:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1934-12-28

TURKEY DINNER AND MUST-
GALE ALL FOR So CENTS, JAN.
10, AT P. w. HoUsE-EvERY-
BODY WELCoME.-Adv.
Evening star., 1934-06-02
Gas You Were.

President Roosevelt's factual mes
sage to Congress on the war debts
contained neither surprises nor new
proposals. Early reaction to it from
Europe, notably London and Paris.
indicates that from our debtors
standpoint, too, the situation is left
totally unchanged. There is uni
versal admission of deadlock and
stalemate, with craftsmanship on both
sides of the Atlantic apparently at
its wits end as far as any way out
Is concerned. Lamenting the i'm
possibility of reconciling the British
and American views. the London
Times strikes a common note when
it says that great care will have
to be taken II the irritation which
the difference has already caused,
both here and in the United States,
is not to make future cooperation
difficult"
More than ten days is still left
before the June Is debt installments
are due at Washington. Whether
Great Britain, Italy and other ma
tions which have hitherto rendered
token payments will again offer them
remains to be seen. In the case Of
our largest debtor, Britain, the Lon
don Times points out that to pay
the full installment. amounting to
about f47,000.o0o. would put an in
tolerable strain on the exchange
market, sending the dollar up and
the pound down."
Under the newly enacted johnson
law as interpreted by the admins
tration, even token payments will not
immuniZe debtor countries against
the stigma of default. AS obviously
such stipends are the most to be
expected, our European friends seem
resigned to the fate of being branded
as defaulters. Likewise, 1t is now
plain, the American people must be
prepared to accept the situation as
it will then be left and trust to the
future to evolve a solution Of the
impasse.
1t is not an outlook Of promise or
hopefulness in an already sufficiently
disordered world. But, like the
weather. there seems nothing that
can be done about it.
Evening star., 1934-06-02
Bow Scouts.

The twenty-fourth annual meeting
of the Boy Scouts of America con-
vened at Buffalo Thursday, and the
reports of the national officers for
1888 were released yesterday. Over
a million boys, it was announced, par
ticipated in the movement during the
twelve month period. About half a
million were given the privilege Of
vacations in camp. Seventeen thou
sand were taught to swim. Six thou
sand six hundred were awarded Eagle
Badges, the highest rank in scouting.
Two hundred and s6ty-ive thousand
men gave their help as leaders or
guides. More than two million gar
ments and other articles were COL
lected for distribution to the poor.
An incalculable number of practical
good turns" were done in the fields
of life saving. first aid. pathf1nding
and firemanship.
Such record is extraordinarily i'm
pressive. The average citizen, not
closely in touch with the work, may
not comprehend its entire significance
in all its multiplicity Of detail. but
it will be clear to even the most casual
reader that in the Scouts the Nation
has bulwark, an active defense. The
organization, in effect, is a coast-to-
coast home guard, volunteer militia
of youthful soldiers of peace.
To illustrate the point, suppose that
these energetic young Americans were
banded against society; suppose they
were affiliated in a brotherhood of
crime and violence-would the cir
cumstance not strike terror to the
heart Of the people? The answer is
that it certainly would. Nor is the
logic of the case distorted by this
simile. Sociologists have estimated
bL4aG IA1C1C d1C 4Ou1 4lul4O1 GU tklUuS6IlQ
men and women, boys and girls cur
rently involved in federated enter
prises of the underworld. These pub
lie enemies, it must be conceded, are
not accidents. On the contrary, they
are the natural product of the en-
vironments and the conditions of
their childhood and early maturity.
And it is to the correction of such
things that the Scouts are dedicated.
The philosophy of the movement is
the wise. constructive, creative use
OF leisure. and the result is a million
builders instead of a million wreckers.
Next year the organization will
celebrate the completion of a quarter
century OF service. The occasion
should merit national recognition.
Evening star., 1934-06-02

that the American system of legisla-
tive checks and balances was prefer
able to the Irish system Of immediate
direct parliamentary responsibility Of
the executives, but had changed his
mind.
President de Valera scouts the opposi-
ton taunt that with the disappear
ance of the Senate the Free State sue
cumbs to dictatorship and one-man
rule. He insists that no fundamental
changes in the system of government
will ensue. Conversion of the coun-
try into a full-f1edged republic re-
mains the De Valera ideal. The
President scorns the idea that the
Free State already enjoys independ-
ence In the guise Of self-government
under the British crown. AS. long
as the British hold Cobb formerly
Queenstown, maintain troops on Free
State territory and recognize the
separate existence of the six northern
counties constituting Ulster, Mr.. de
Valera contends that Irish ''independ-
ence" is a mythical term. He insists
that the majority Of the Irish people
want a republic and that as soon as
threats" against its foundation are
withdrawn it will not be long before
an entirely free and united Irish
state will come into existence by will
of its sovereign citizens.
Pending the arrival Of conditions
making declaration of republic un-
questionably feasible, Mr.. de Valera
says the Free State is going to get
the utmost freedom we can out Of
our present position" and bide its
time for more propitious day. Mean
time, the President explains, the Irish
look upon themselves as a CON
quered' people who are only awaiting
the psychological moment to throw
of the shackles and assert their
liberty.
Evening star., 1934-06-02
Time Wheels and a Path

deem signs Of a still slower and
grander revolution of the whole uni
verse of nebulas. our own included,
about some distant center still mot
clearly fixed. And If time revolutions
be sought for inward and inf1nitesti-
mally instead of outward and majesti-
cally, they are the measures of revo-
lutions inside atoms, such as the re-
cent determination by DR.. ]. H. e.
Griffiths that the electrified atoms
which create the red color Of neon
sign pass through revolutions lasting
about a billionth part of a second
every time the electricity excites them.
Against all these revolving time
cycles presented by the inorganic uni
verse stands the mysterious time sense
of man, Of unknown nature but evi-
IDENTIFY moving inexorably in single
path into the future from the past.
Nor is mans psychological time sense
the only one which travels on a one
way street. The evolution Of life on
earth also seems to have progressed
steadily in one direction. The de-
velopment Of organism does not turn
backward like clock, but keeps on
steadily from birth to death. Even
such life changes as seem to repeat
themselves turn out on close exami-
notion to be ascending or descend
ing spirals. never quite returning to
what they were before. Whether this
difference between life and everything
else means anything or is mere coinci-
dence we leave to the philosophers
and to the future.
Evening star., 1934-06-02
Unintending Heroes.

There may be type of mind which
naturally is built upon heroic lines
which instinctively seeks out and per-
forms heroic actions. But the great
majority of men are not prodigies of
conscious valor. Rather. they think
OF themselves as being fairly timid,
even a trifie cowardly. Gen. William
T. Sherman, for example, confessed
that, military leader that he was, he
still had deadly fear of the dentist.
And yet when emergencies occur
the average man almost invariably
proves himself manly enough to suit
any reasonable critic. An airplane
falls into the bay, and a score of
picnickers unhesitatingly hurry to
the relief Of any passenger of the ship
who may have survived the crash. A
motorist, seeing a child dart into the
highway, instantly swerves into a
telegraph pole and smashes his car
and Injuries himself to save the small
pedestrian. A woman, discouraged
and disheartened, attempts to Jump
from the deck of a river steamer and
is caught and dragged back to safety
by fellow voyager quick to compre-
hend the danger and to act toward
its correction. The list of these acci-
dental heroes might be duplicated a
thousand times.
But the men themselves do not
claim any homage for their deeds.
Rather, they consider the incidents in
which they have figured mere COM
monplaces, nothing to get excited
about" They go on with their days
work, continue in their ordinary
routine, and perhaps wonder little
at their momentary distinction.
The philosopher, however. Is vastly
Evening star., 1934-06-02

From the New York Herald Tribune.
It is at least a curious coincidence
that all time measurements in Nature
seem to be reducible to revolutions,
with Just one exception. The excep-
ton is life. Commonest OF the time
measuring revolutions Is the clock
face of IL hours, but this merely re-
produces the time scale Of the spin
ming earth. Next comes the plane
tary revolution of the year. In ancient
Egypt astronomers distinguished the
Sothic period of ], ,460 years, marking
the revolution Of the rising date OF
the star Sirius, then called Sothis,
around the circle of the zodiac. In
ancient Central America expert time
reckoners among the Mayas devised
two revolving series of days. inter-
locking like two gear wheels OF a
clock and providing what people came
to call, in an unusually perfect simile,
the calendar round" Finally, there
is the majestic circle which the celes-
tial pole describes among the stars in
some $4,000 years, bringing more than
a dozen stars in turn into the place OF
honor of the present Pole Star.
If that Is not enough to suit seekers
after time circles, there is the prob
able revolution of the whole spiral
nebula, one arm of which we inhabit,
turning once on its axis in about
$50 900 900 years, so that at least ten
or twelve of what might be called
these nebular years must have passed
since our solar system was born. A
few astronomers discern what they
Evening star., 1934-06-02
Exit, the Irish Senate.

New Irish history was made at
Dublin the other day. when the Dali
Eireann by the decisive vote of 54 to
80 passed bill to abolish the Irish
Free State Senate. The Senate has
the right to reject the measure, but
under the Constitution it will never
theless become law on the expiration
Of one year.
The action just taken is the latest
step by President Eamon de Valera
toward establishment of an Irish Re
public and complete severance of the
tenuous bond of union with Great
Britain. Apparently the virile chief
of the Free State looked upon the
continued existence of the Senate as
q barrier to the independence move
ment. He closed yesterdays debate
in the Dali by stating that the upper
chamber must go and "other safe
guards for the liberties of the people
devised" AT one time, Mr.. de Valera
explained. he was inclined to think
Evening star., 1934-06-02
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
Literary Suggestion.

Literary Suggestion.
Sometimes when in a desperate mood
Which makes the world seem cold
and crude
I wish that Dillinger would pause,
Respectful of commercial laws.
In great pictorial parade
Bandits at present are displayed
Into the work with care I'd look
If Dillinger would write book.
His book in an expensive store
Would cost two dollars-maybe more
While better books by better men
Are purchased in the Five and Ten.
Yet many folks the price would pay
To learn what he might have to say
On how it feels to be a crook
If Dillinger would write a book.
Evening star., 1934-06-02
identifying Marks for
Chronic Criminals
To the Editor of The Star:

10 the E0ltor OF Inc SLar.
A valued contribution to The Star
calls me a menace and mildly emo
tional because I advocated some dis
tinctive mark or label for chronic
criminals. wonder why. The chem
lists and druggists put special brand
on all of their poisons; the doctor
uses antiseptics to prevent infection,
and we had rather hang out the dan
ger signal and be accused of wild
emotionalism than to live always In
the dangerous, stagnant atmosphere
of fools paradise"
America welcomes aliens, teachers
or others who exhibit a normal
amount Of honest intelligence and
willingness to adapt themselves to the
prevailing laws, rules and customs OF
the grand old U. S. A.. which, though
called the land of the free" does not
mean dumping ground for the un-
bridled license of chronic criminals.
Poison labels are put on dangerous
drugs to protect the public.
But "tattooing" is not branding
viser,s letter.
Signing the oath of allegiance can
not be called either unfair or humili-
ating. If aliens object to the oath
they might at least be fair toward the
land of their adoption and refrain
from biting the hand that feeds
them" And If they find conditions
uncongenial here, the way is always
open for their return or emigration
to some remote section across the
water. Uncle Sam will not put the
flags at half-mast on account of 1t
either.
WILLIAM WUNDER PUGH.
Evening star., 1934-06-02

tional democratic doctrine. And
above all, there IS England which
secured popular government more
peacefully, least bloodily, of any
European people. And there is the
United States, English in tradition if
no longer in dominant race. Bulgaria.
on the other hand. had no such an
cient history Of popular rule behind
it."
Concerning the affairs of Bulgaria,
the Allentown CPa) Morning Call
remarks that ''warring political par
ties kept the country in perpetual
ferment in recent years." while the
Cincinnati Times-Star AYERS that "in
recent months, the Kings and die
tators Of Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Tur-
key and Rumania have been paying
one another mysterious visits" and
concludes that the Bulgarian revolu-
ton may well be the first overt step
toward a new Balkan confederation,
which would destroy the offspring of
French diplomacy. the Little Entente,
and turn the eyes of the Balkan world
definitely eastward" The Chat
tanooga Times quotes those who "see
triumph of French diplomacy in its
effort to weld a ring around Ger
many" This view is voiced also by
the Wichita Eagle, while the Rich
mond News Leader offers the expla-
nation: "Yugoslayia, like the other
countries of the Little Entente, is
friendly to France, and undoubtedly
encouraged, if she did not actually
inspire, the rising in Bulgaria"
THE decision of Boris to scrap the
Parliament completely and put the
nation under a military dictatorship
has simply removed the few remain-
ing impediments to his authority" in
the opinion of the Manchester IN.
H) Union, while the Nashville Ban
ner concludes that King Boris. "in all
probability, will be a fgurehead in
his country, just as the King is in
Italy," and that paper points out that
'the wife Of King Boris is a daughter
of the King of Italy, and the new re-
gime, it is understood, will be pat
termed on the Fascism of Mussolini."
I'm international affairs" says the
New York Sun, Bulgaria has played
an almost lone hand. Its single al
lance was with Italy. There may be
no doubt but that Boris favored die
tatorship for Bulgaria on account of
his Italian alliances
Evening star., 1934-06-02
American Coconut Oil
Tax Is an Aid to Japan
ro the Editor of The Star

To the Editor OF The star
Japan is preparing to import copra
and coconut oil from the Philippines
in great quantities with view to
a large-scale manufacture of soap
cheap enough to invade the American
market in spite of American tar1h.
The American Congress. in passing
the tax tariff on coconut oil In re-
Spouse to the greedy demands OF
special privilege, has not foreseen just
such a reaction as this from Nippon.
American soap manufacturers VINO
use coconut oil have made vigorous
presentations against the tax, giving
as one reason the increase in the price
of soap which is sure to result from
levying on oil from the Philippines.
Because Of this lobby dictated legis-
lation the American people will suf-
fer from the prohibitive prices OF an
article of daily necessity. They will
then naturally have to turn to
cheaper sources of the indispensable
commodity, and it is here that Japan
bids fair to meet American demand.
The Philippines, am certain, Will
find the Japanese market prof1table
If Japan intends to go into the soap
industry seriously copra and coconut
oil will be allowed to enter that coun-
trv with all facilities. Transportation
costs will be less than In the case
of the United States and expectation
should in course of time even exceed
the present level.
Theoretically at least, the Philip
pines may find the way out OF the
dificulty which the loss Of the Amer
ican market would cause, but there
is no theory that can justify the de-
liberate destruction of a prosperous
American industry, which is what in
fact would be done by giving Japan
| the chance to capture the vast market
| for soap not only in the United States
but also In other countries
The coconut oil tax legislation Is
) therefore unwise In view Of the condt.
Evening star., 1934-06-02
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES 3. TRACEWELL.

Climbing roses have just started
to bloom.
To many persons this is real news.
This Is q high spot eagerly looked for
ward to for an entire year.
Not tulips, SO much as roses; not
iris, nor yet peonies, as fine as they
all are.
Just roses, and, at this very time,
particularly climbing roses.
Already the small beautiful "Thou-
sand Beauties" has displayed its wax
like blooms, and the Climbing Amer
ican Beauty" and that real beauty
Mary Wallace"
The old favorite Of thousand
thousand gardens, "Dr. Van Fleet,
has yet to open out its large and
glorious flowers of palest pink-white.
Il =
As for bush roses, the great Ameri-
can twins, Radiance" and RED
Radiance" have led the procession
with their usual fine blossoms.
At this particular time, however
the many fine bushes. must accord
second place to the climbers.
During the past year climbing roses
had a book written about them, the
first book entirely about them, we be-
lieve.
This meant that the garden con-
sciousness of enough persons had at
tanned that wisdom which made pos
sible a book all their own.
In the past the climbing roses had
been Jumped into books with all types
of roses.
Now the world has been made
largely aware of the fact that the
climbers occupy place all to them
selves.
Their appeal is distinctive, and they
fill a distinct need, either in the
garden or at the house itself.
It is this two-fold appeal which
has given the climbers the standing
they have always enjoyed, but 1t Is
only in recent years that this appeal
has been theoretically developed
Home owners lalways grew climbing
roses over trelhses, even in the days
when they had no better ones than
Dorothy Perkins and Crimson
Rambler"
Thus they managed to make roses
a part of the home itself, and II
must never be forgotten that this
happy result was secured with the
old climbers. 1t is, of course, possible
to grow bush roses by the wall oi
a house. Some of them do very well
that way, but at the best they have
no integral connection with the
dwelling itself, not as the climbers
may.
The Dorothy Perkins" was and Is
marred by its almost inevitable pro-
pensity toward mildew.
Unless there Is a long clear spell
of bright dry weather before and
at the time Of blooming, this really
fine old climber is spoiled for the
best effect.
There still are many persons who
swear by it," but there are more who
swear at it. And really there have
been many finer things produced
since its day, so that there is not
much reason for planting it ans
more.
The severe Winter killed many
climbers back to the ground, but they
will all come up again, although there
will be no bloom this year.
Well established vines suffered no
harm. Many have remained entirely
undamaged, in fact, the great ma
jority of them did not suffer in the
least.
Just what factors account for
Winter killing are hard to determine
Two DIR. Van Fleet" climbers planted
in similar locations. especially as to
the matter Of protection, will show
some killing back, in one case, and
none in the other.
Something more must be involved,
then. than protection from Winter
winds