davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1934-11-09
Russian Hanrman Dead

Philipieff, for several years off,
cial hangman Of Russia, died In
poverty In a small village In the
Ukraine, according to reports from
Riga, Latvia. During his term of
Office he executed 937 persons, 17S
during the reign Of the late car
and $50 during the three years Of
Bolshevik rule from 1917 to 1920
His nerve gave way and he was
obliged to retire, although still
comparatively young man. Phil
ipieff was considerate to the per-
sons he was ordered to hang, and
he kept careful record of every
execution. Against each victims
name he added notes describing his
bearing when faced with death.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1934-11-09
swOrdfish Health Food

Discovery that the livers Of GER
tain food fish species contain sub
stances high In content of vitamins
that are important In the diet of
human beings has probably had
much to do with their being fished
for inteEsively, says the Detroit
News. Now the swordflsh, hereto
fore pursued chiefly as a matter of
sport fishing, bids fair to join the
group of fishes sought for their vi
tamins. Cod liver oil has long been
a standby as a builder of strength
and q food designed to ward off
disease. The discovery In recent
years that halibut ivers possess
elements similar to the valuable
constituents Of cod liver oil to an
even greater degree has led to fair
ly extensive manufacture Of haliver
oil.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1934-11-09
RECOGNIZE MERIT

the Farmerabor party wants show that the party of
the people, let recognize the coored who
worked hard for the ticket rom bottom to
Frank Boyd of St Paul should rewarded Harry Scott
spite the doucross McGaugren his who control
the Heepn county, given consideration
Farmer Labor leaders.
The and his party should forget Billy Williams and
George Hoag executive the who make friends
for all they and Both of them deserve
thing better than is increase
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1934-11-09
oPPORTuNITY WAsTED

spite of the fact that the Twin Cities afford unlimited oppor
tunty educational and cultural development only few
people take advantage of such opportunities.
Many clubs the social side of life
strongly Both cities have excellent forums both which poorly
attended No it is hard find
hold conversation intelligent 10 minutes
All other elements of population heavily represented the
schools take advantage chance
for self-mprovement?
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1934-11-09
Health and
Hygiene
By DIR. w. D. Brown
MORPHINE ADDICTION

There is much loose thinking
concerning drug addiction. De-
rivatives of opium and cocaine
are commonly spoken of as "dope."
However, these drugs have an i'm
portant place in medicine. Opium
and derivatives, such as morphine
and heroin, are used frequently to
alleviate pain, to decrease respira-
ton, to lessen nervous irritabihty
before operation, to decrease per-
istalsis of intestines, to stop par
oxysmal cough. In fact, without
these drugs many pathological
conditions of the body would be
fatal. Cocaine is used only as a
local >anesthetic preliminary TO
treatment or operation. There is
really no use now for cocaine as
there are many synthetic drugs on
the market which are better and
less dangerous than cocaine.
The question is continually
asked, "Does a physician cause his
patient to become a morphine adj
dict by the use of morphine dur
ing an illness?" Of course, the an
swer is "No." A study of this
problem shows that habit forma-
ton is result of social custom.
The pleasure users" wish to es-
cape from the grim realities of
everyday life. Their lives are so
miserable that enjoyment is at
tanned only by dulling their senses
to mental pain. Once the habit is
formed, the habitue will go to any
means to obtain the drug. Their
entire personality is changed.
Nothing they say can be depended
upon. Since the cost of the drug
through illegitimate channels is
high, sooner or later their money
is exhausted, and, in desperation,
they turn to the Federal Govern
ment for aid.
AS a "stool pigeon" the habitue
gets money and supposedly assists
in stamping out this problem of
addiction. What actually happens
is that he becomes a cog in the
machine of graft for which the
taxpayers are taxed still further.
There is no real effort being made
to stop morphine addiction. A mild
suppression only is wanted. An
example is often made of some in
experienced physician who, usually
in good faith, is trying to relieve
some malingerer from a gallblad-
der collie or Dietl's crisis.
The lesson to the individual is
Don't let anyone but physician
give you medicine for the relief of
pain by hypodermic injection. Do
not let some friend" start you in
nocently into use of morphine by
telling you that it is harmless just
this once, for most habits have
started in this manner.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1934-11-09
Chinese Official Sells
Right to Print Money

A novel method of raising money
is reported by a southern CORE
spondent on the basis Of tidings
from Hamkang, Henghua, says the
United Press.
There the magistrate, If this tale
is correct, will permit q shop, or
other business concerns, to print its
own banknotes If 100 silver dollars
are first handed over to the magis-
trate.
All Corners are accommodated, so
long as they have 100 silver dollars
to put on the line. Most firms are
allowed to put up unlimited
amounts, in all denominations, with
no question of backing.
In order to support his clients,
the magistrate threatens the death
penalty in the event that anyone
refuses to accept any note issue.
One merchant tested the decree.
His head now decorates the city
gate.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1934-11-09
HERE and
THERE
By w. NJ. Smith

Ira Dea Reid, speaking DefOre
a great crowd at Phyllis Wheatley
at it's tenth anniversary celebra-
ton, drew a rather gloomy picture
of the status of the Negro in the
Recovery measures now engaging
the attention of the administration
and the country.
Because Mr.. Reid used the very
finest of English and spoke rapidly
and without hesitation, the impli-
cations of all he said did not fully
reach all his hearers. After a
careful review in my own mind of
the things Mr.. Reid said, I come
to the conclusion that he intended
to declare that: the Negro has not
benefited from any of the recov-
cry measures; that from the Presi-
dent on down, there has been a
disposition on the part of those
charged with the Interpretation of
these measures to accept the idea
of differential both in the pay al
lotted to Negroes and in the de-
gree in which this group shall
benefit from the relief offered.
Mr.. Reid also called attention to
the efforts of those within the
American Federation of Labor to
keep the Negro outside the pale.
The lack of sympathy in the pas
sage of a National Anti-Lynch
law; the general trend in govern
ment and in the thinking of the
major group to force the Negro to
accept a lower status in economic,
health, education and all other
matters affecting his standing and
growth as citizen.
Time did not permit the speaker
to go very deeply into these
things nor to submit program
by which the Negro should en-
deavor to guide his future actions.
Perhaps it was not necessary in
either case. We can admire his
frankness and the courage that in
duced him to speak. as he did be-
fore an audience composed large
ly of white persons.
We have long held the suspicion
that the Home Owners Loan Act,
among others, has not always been
fairly administered; we have long
known that in the south, the home
of the great majority of our group,
the Negro has been Disseminated
against in the matter of wages,
forced to accept a differential, or
go without work; has received the
short end of relief; has suffered
as a tenant farmer, losing much
of what he formerly had rather
than prOfiting from the govern
ment's bounty for plOwed under
cotton, and that the sentiment of
the country, as shown by it's high
est officials and the great major
ity of its citizens and the union
lied labOrers, show cOncIusively
the need he faces of working out
his own salvation.
Inasmuch as Mr.. Reid in his con-
illusions made this thought crystal
clear, it matters but little if the
bulk of what he said was not per-
fectly understood.
If we realize, as he intended we
should, that the Negro stands very
much alone; that he suffers much
from the lack of the help he should
receive; and, that for that help he
must look largely to himself, then
shall we realize, too, the impera-
tive need for all of us to cling
closer together, to support more
consistently the organizations we
now have of our own, working for
our advancementy to be more spar
ing of our criticisms, especially of
those whom we acknowledge as
leaders: to give more of orr time
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-03-16
O'Connen Nav
Take Over Job

Referring to the abundance of curb
stone opinions" relating to the appoint
ment of Montana legislators to state
positions, Attorney General Raymond
T. Maggie recently held there was no
legal prohibition preventing State Rep
r%esentative j.. J. O'Connell of Butte
from holding the position of assistant
income TAX auditor.
The opinion vas asked by State Aud
itor John j. Holmes, who held payment
Of O'Connells warrant in the belief
he could not validly hold the position.
THE request for this opinion" the
attorney general said, did not state
the exact duties of assistant income
tax auditor but, on investigation, we
find nothing in the statutes that
creates such a position on defines its
duties either directly or indirectly.
There seems to be abundant curb
stone opinion to the effect that a leg
islator may not hold an office created
by the legislative assembly of which
he was a member.
There is an axiom to the effect that
volunteer advice is worth no more than
is paid for it," Maggie added, declaring
there was no constitutional nor statu-
tory provision to prevent O'Connell
from holding the job.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-03-16

rificing it to the sun by spreading it
upon a lake and sinking it beneath the
waters.
Among the Crows, Blackfeet and
Flatheads, the painting of lodges and
other use of paints were in such gen.
eral use that the procuring and pre-
pairing of paints was a business in it.
self, and the Indians who attended to
this feature of tribal life were called
| paint gatherers."
The paints were dug from the ground
at various places. Yellow and black
we're found at certain places along the
Marias river. The yellow clay was first
worked into a dough-like mass and
then roasted on a hot fire Of Goals,
when it became a red powder. This
was called the sacred red paint and
was used in c~eremonials. Black was
made from charred wood. The green
was in some instances secured from a
large lake northeast of the Sweet Pine
hills. It was made from the scum tax
en- from the surface of the water and
dried. Another source of yellow paint
was a place on the Yellowstone river
near some warm springs.
Years ago there was a large camp of
! Blackfeet at these springs. Some Of
| them had made a tunnel into a high
cut-bank and were hard at work get
ting out yellow paint. One old woman,
who made a speciality of paints, was
digging, while about 80 women with
their paint bags were waiting outside.
| Suddenly the old woman called from
the ave that her arms were caught.
She was frightened and said she want
ed to come out.
An Indian, seated on a butte not far
away, shouted to them that the bank
was caving in. At first it came slow
ly, and then with such a rush that the
women could not escape. They were
all buried beneath great masses Of
earth. Almost all of the women were
| caught. The Indians worked night and
day to uncover them, but many were
taken out dead.
The Yellowstone river of the Indians,
from where they obtained their yellow
paint, was not the stream which is
known as the Yellowstone today, but
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-03-16
Greater University
Students Are Mostly
Montana Residents

OF the SALT students at the six units
of the Greater University of Montana
5,043 are residents of the state, it was
disclosed a few days ago in an enroll
ment report prepared at the office of
DR.. H. H. Swain, executive secretary.
All counties in the state are repre-
sented at m or more of the institu-
lions. Carbon county with nine has the
fewest students attending the schools;
Misosula county with 754 has the larg-
est number.
BY counties the number seeking high
er education at the units includes:
Missoula, 754; Cascade, 237; Custer,
1903; Deer Lodge, 1872; Fergus, 1875; Flat
head, 118; Gallatin, 375; Hill, 1874; Lewis
and Clark, 1873; Park, 80; Silver Bow,
AS; Valley, IS; Yellowstone, 1924.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-03-16

The Accepted Seal denotes that Karo
and advertisements for it are accept
able to the Committee on Foods
of the American Medical Association.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-03-16

there were battles fought on Wolf creek
as fierce as any that ever were waged
over buffalo hunting grounds between
the Missouri and what IS now called
the Yellowstone.
Somewhere between the ridge back
of East Helena and Townsend there
was a deposit of vermillion which gave
the Indians much of their red paint.
This was also disputed ground and
there was continual combat over the
right to this iron clay. These fights
were not as fierce as those on Wolf
creek, however, for the location was
outside of the regular Blackfeet and
Grow country.
The F1atheads used to get their green
paint mostly from a deposit on the
south fork of the Blackfoot, near Lin
coin gulch. It was in all probability
a copper stain, as it lies in a copper
region.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-03-16
DAVID G. BROWNE, F0MAMG0ER, ARRIVED
DM MONTANA BEHIND STRING OF MULES

The mule was the basis of the for
tune of David G.. Browne, n of the
wen-known financiers Of northern
Montana, which probably accounts for
his democracy. MI. Browne was born
near Belfast, Ireland in 1859, and came
to the United States when he was IT
years of age. His first employment
vas as an agent of the Wells Fargo
Express company at Kelton, Utah.
This gave him an insight to the prof.
its of overland transportation of freight,
and he came into Montana in 1878,
as the conductor of a mule train. In a
short time he was operating a mule
train of his own, and by 1880, when he
established himself at Fort Benton he
was at the head Of n of the big
freighting outfits then operating be-
tween Utah, the end OF the railroad,
and Montana points.
The business grew and with its grow
tn much prosperity came to the young
overland freighter. He engaged tn
other lines of business and became the
manager of WetZen & company, one
Of the big upper river firms, and &C
quired a monopoly on the ferry bust
ness at Fort Benton. At the same
time he continued his freighting bus
mess.
Government contracts presented pos
sibilities to Mr.. Brownies practical
mind, and in 1888 he contracted to
supply the Fort Assinniboine garrison
with hay. His handling of this ON
tract brought him others and in 1884
he was given the contract for all the
government transportation in Mon
tana, Wyoming and Nebraska. He on
veyed forage to Forts ASsinniboine,
Maginnis, Shaw and Custer. When it is
considered that all the forage consum-
ed by these forts had to be moved ov-
erland by mule team, it wa no incon-
siderable undertaking.
Then he became interested in bank
ing. For a time he was connected with
the bank of Northern Montana, and
when the Stockman's National bank
was founded, Mr.. Browne was active
in its organization, a member Of its
directorate. and subsequently became
the heaviest stockholder in that instit-
ution.
During all these busy years, fifteen
of them, MI. Browne found time, not
w~ithstanding his expanding business
interests, to act as secretary of the Fort
Benton board of trade, and did good
work in exploiting the resources Of
northern Montana. For many years
he served his town as an alderman, was
county commissioner, was for eight
years chairman Of the county commit
! tee and "a years vas q member Of the
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-03-16
State Enriched by Beer Tax

Through beer consumption the states
emergency relief fund and its general
fund were enriched by $83,134 each
since Jan. l. The state board of equal
ization reported it received sl87 ,084
from beer licenses and taxes in Jan
uary and February. The receipts, af-
ter 10 per cent is deducted for admin
istrative purposes, are equally divided
between the two funds. Montanans
drank 1922 barrels of beer in Jan
uary, the tax of which was paid this
month. Since Jan. 16, when the
amended beer bill went into effect,
the board has issued 1854 licenses, 765 of
which went to retailers.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-03-16
Painted Tepees of Crows and B1ackfeet
Finest Habjtations of Any Savage Race

The frontiermen of Montana from
the earliest fur trading days all shar-
ed a common admiration for n pos
session of the plains Indians, the war
like Blackfeet, the Crows and the Flat
heads, and that possession was their
portable habitation called a lodge or
tipi.
OF all types of primitive dwellings
the tipi, with its couical shape, taper
ing poles and ingeniously devised
ears" for facilitating the upward draft
Tor the inside fire. is one of the most
picturesque and beautiful. It was
evolved centuries ago to meet the re-
qulrements of a nomadic people for
shelter. and it displays much ingenuity
and skill in the adaptation of avail
able materials to the necessities of their
surroundings.
The t1pi IS a perfect habitation for
comfort, convenience and good VEN
t1latlon in both summer and winter.
It's design and interior arrangements
are so complete that they have not
changed within the memory of man.
In recent years canvas has been SUBJ
stltuted as a covering in the place of
buffalo skin.
People who have seen the white
city" of the Blackfeet during their an
nual sun dance can never forget the
strange n fascinating beauty Of the
scene. With the "snow-capped Rocky
mountains for a background, hundreds
OF white lodges, uniform in shape and
pitched in perfect order by clans, are
spread upon the plain in a great cir
cular encampment.
The rapidity with which such a great
camp can be pitched or struck is al
most incredible. Catlin, in describing
a similar scene by the Sioux, says: cat
a time announced the lodge of the
chief is seen Tapping in the wind, a
part Of the poles having been taken out
from under it. This is the signal,
and in n minute 600 lodges ON a
beautiful and level prairie, which be-
fore had been strained tight and fixed
were seen waving and Tapping in the
wind, and in one minute more all were
flat on the ground. Their horses and
dogs, Of which they had a vast num-
Der, had all been secured upon the spot
in readiness, and each one was speed
lily loaded with the burden allotted to
it and made ready to fall into the
grand procession"
By the use of painted decorations,
which originated in the dim past, an
added element of picturesqueness and
beauty wa added to the lodges of the
plains Indians, these designs in colors
representing prominent events in the
history of the tribe or symbolic designs
Of religious significance. These de-
signs, the medicine bundles and the
ceremonials attached to them, which
were believed to secure for the owner
and his family protective power from
sickness and misfortune, suggest an in
teresting field for investigation.
These designs and the makeup of
the medicine bundles were always Sc
cured through dreams, after long fast
ing and solitary communion with ma
ture. They thus became, by right of
discovery, the exclusive property of
their owners, who might transfer them
to others, but there could be no dupli-
Gates. When a painted lodge became
worn out, a new one, with the same
decorations could take its place, but the
owner must destroy the original, sac
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-03-16

wa the stream flowing from the Little
Belt mountains into the Judith, known
as Wolf creek IN maps of today It
was so called from the fact that near
its head there were caves containing
large deposits of yellow clay. These
caves were deep and there was much
peril in securing the yellow paint from
their depths, as shown in the incident
above.
The danger in securing material from
these caves came also from the fact
that all of the tribes, east and west,
were constantly battling for the right
to get this valuable coloring material.
It was always disputed ground, and
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-03-16

state democratic central committee, be-
ing the ranking member Of that body in
point Of continuous service. He was
also an alternate delegate to the ma
tional democratic convention when
Grover Cleveland was nominated for
the presidency.
As q delegate to the constitutional
convention, Mr.. Browne helped to
shape the constitution Of Montana.
He also served the state as a mem
Der Of the Worlds fair commissioners.
President Cleveland appointed him
collector of customs for Montana and
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-03-16

Idaho, when the port Of entry was
Fort Benton. He held this important
post during the administrations Of
President Cleveland and President Nc
Kinley.
Mr.. Browne, for many years, was
heavily interested in the livestock bus
mess, being manager and one of the
principal owner Of the Bar Eleven
Cattle company. He also held substant-
ial interests in several large sheep COM
panies, and with all his interests was
q factor In the development Of north
ern Montana.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-03-16
Highway Load Limit

A 12.000-pound gross limit for trucks
end loads has been established by the
state highway commission on the Clarks
fork route between Thompson Falls and
Idaho state line. Due to continued
rains, the highway has been softened on
stretches in far western Montana.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-03-16

After being closed for eight years
Nine Locks Iron works at Brierley Hi.
England, have just resumed operation.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-03-16

A mail plane recently flew from
Amsterdam, Holland, to Karachi,
Ola, in three days, a record.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-03-16

London has A fewer saloons than in
1882.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1934-06-18
.asons Open Annual
Convention at Fargo

Fargo, June ls.-4R)-Pointing out
that he has had opportunity Of wit
Messing development Of a new activity.
one Of great cooperative effort, of
constructive service given, Of evidence
Of new vision and Of the recognition
that men are giving those finer. deep
er things OF life. Earl K. Bitzing. Far
go, grand master Of Masons Of North
Dakota. gave the main address Mon
day at the opening Of the 45th an
nual communication Of the Grand
Lodge A. r. and A. NJ. In Fargo.
Representatives Of the 100 lodges
In the state are present for the two
day session, to which East Gate Lodge,
No. 100, Fargo. is host. Routine bust
ness will occupy the sessions.
Distinguished visitors were receive
ed by the grand master. including
Or. Bertram 8. Adams, Hibbing, Mimi.
Grand Master Of Minnesota, and
Rufus w. Hitchcock. Hibbing, Mimi,
newspaper publisher. Grand Orator
Of Minnesota.