davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1934-02-25
FAILURE AT MONTEVIDEO
PARLEY "UNJUSTIFIED''
Grand Opportunity for Advancement
of Pan.American Peace LOst-Several
Interesting Propositions Offered.

Of the twenty governments there rep
resented had before them, not one,
but several interesting propositions
tending to improve the machinery for
international peace and particularly
designed to fill the gaps which had
prevented its enforcement in the past
few years
Mention of those various proposals
has been made in previous articles,
but the details of one, alone, OF
them-which cable dispatches did not
reveal, but returning delegates have
brought to Washington-are suf6-
cient to show the great responsibility
which the Montevideo parley placed
upon itself by refusing to take new
steps and deferring them for later
conferences.
Even before the meetings at Mon
tevideo had been formally naugu-
rated, the Mexican delegation-which
proved to be, the one which had best
prepared itself for the conference
circularized, among other important
projects, one dealing with the organ-
ization of American peace. which at
once became known as the Mexican
peace code.
The Mexican peace code, drafted
as their authors, Senores Alfonso
Reyes and Manuel ]. Sierra. ex-
plained-with a desire to overcome
the shortcomings, both practical and
juridical, Of the existing treaties, Is
an intelligent combination Of the out
standing features Of such treaties and
of other schemes previously suggested
but never enacted. All this, with the
additions and corrections necessary to
prevent their violation or disregard
in the future BY those who have found
ways to get Ground them in the past.
It is a summing up-a revised and
improved summing up-of the pacifis-
tic attempts made to this date. 1t is
an all-inclusive program. Good @ce-
ing and perfecting tho 2tic E
Continued on Sixth Page1
Evening star., 1934-02-25

the recently adjourned Pan
American Conference at Mon
Il tevideo is not that it failed
to bring about an improve
ment in the commercial and financial
relations of the participating coun-
tries, but that it, likewise, failed to
advance the cause of international
peace in the Western Hemisphere.
The lack of economic achievements
can, at least, be explained by the pres
ent worldwide conditions of depres-
sion and uncertainty in economic poll
cies. But the absence of any prac-
tical accord strengthening the peace
machinery of the American continent
is beyond justification.
1t is beyond justification for two
reasons: First, because due, precisely,
to the difficulty of attaining economic
results, it was expected of the con-
ference that it would do something
worthwhile on the political matters
listed in the agenda. And, secondly,
because the gentlemen gathered at
Montevideo did not lack the material
to act upon-the prime matter" from
which to evolve some practical po-
litical achievement.
If no new projects for the advance
ment of inter-American peace hao
been submitted; if the Montevideo
conferees had only had the already
existing and imperfect peace instru-
ments to consider, they might be ex-
cused for having limited their action,
as they did. to passing a resolution
expressing "the desirability" that new
signatures be affixed to those lnstru-
ments. Even though the inefficiency
of the existing treaties had been
tragically disclosed by long and Bit
ter armed struggle still raging between
two Of the American republics.
But that was not the case. When
the seventh Pan-American Conference
opened OF Montevideo che delegates
Evening star., 1934-02-25
RY NEIL CAROTHERS,

Professor Of Economics and Director Of
the College Of Business Administra-
tion at Lehigh University.
IN GERMANY the government tenn
porarily in control has inaugu-
rated a novel plan for mass steril-
i ization. In Italy, on the contrary,
the ruling power has instituted an
jdyllic program of mass marriages.
In the United States. so far, the
theories of legislative and executive
authority have crystallized only in the
form of operative experiments on the
economic framework, although in JUS
tice to our administrative genius it
should be mentioned that last Fall the
N. R. A. reported that 1t was seriously
considering a plan to stimulate mar
riages the idea being to buttress that
now forgotten failure, the buy-now
campaign, with an enlargement OF
consumer power in the markets for
wedding rings, gardeniaS and striped
trousers.
Dispatches from Germany indicate
that any citizen who questions the
governments program OF persecution
and physical violence is regarded as
an unpatriotic obstructionist, blind to
the emergency needs of his country.
So also, in our own Nation, there is
extant the curious doctrine that the
ordinary citizen must submit, without
even a timid question as to the pur-
poses of the operation, to viviSections
on his money, savings, life insurance
and income. Here and there some
hardy soul has called this bizarre
doctrine un-American. 1t is much
more than that; it is Russian. The
implications here are somber indeed,
for it is fact of history that DEM
ocratic government that is sure OF it
self and its policies welcomes discus
SIGN and criticism. The savage at
tacks by administration officials on
those who, like Alfred E. Smith and
Evening star., 1934-02-25
Canada's Pension List
$43,l4l,l38 a Year

OTTAWA, Ontario (C-DN0.-Can-
ada's expenditures for war pensions
last year totaled SAB, 141,1 ,138, Col Muir
ray MacLaren, federal minister of
pensions and national health, stated
IN the House of Commons.
Col. MacLaren said the number Of
dependent pensioners was 1915 and
the number of disability pensioners
77S,677.
The total number of persons In re-
spect of whom pension Is paid, he
added, was 264,840.
Copyright, 1934J
Evening star., 1934-02-25

Drawn for The Star by F, strothmann.
prices stubbornly refused to move up
ward. In october new program was
announced. Newly mined American
gold was to be bought at artificial
prices with American funds derived
from the r. F. c. If necessary, for
e;gn gold would likewise be purchased.
1t was made clear by public announce
ment that after this new program had
raised prices, the price level would be
kept stable by Government action.
Nothing like this gold-purchase
plan for undermining a nations cur
renCy had ever been tried in tne
ment and lev1ty. The scheme proved
in practice to be grand flop. 1t
did lead spectators to sell American
dollars short, thus driving the ex-
changes down and causing further
losses to foreign holders of American
securities. 1t penalized the buyers of
imported European goods, the inno-
cent employees of the Government in
foreign service and American expa-
triates. That was all. Domestic
prices did go up somewhat, but
rather from the natural process of
recovery and the pouring out of the
alphabetical soup at Washington.
Some astute observer recently
called attention to passage in Ma
chiavellis Prince" that cynical work
that tells monarchs how to maintain
prestige. This passage urges upon
princes a policy of executive action
so rapid and kaleidoscope that their
subjects have no time to consider
any measure before another bursts
upon them. Even Machiavelli was
ignorant of a highly technical law
of psychology that declares that for
continuous mental stimulation a con-
stantly increasing stimulus Is re-
quired
Devaluation Law Passed.
With Congress arriving and prices
still tagging, a new plan was neces-
sary. The devaluation law was pre-
sented and passed.
In brief summary, the law pro-
FluCO UlldU Jul DIulludlO VI NdluC O1ldll
be unit somewhere between go per
cent and SO per cent of our ancient
legal dollar: that all the gold held
by the Federal Reserve banks be
commandeered; that the gold be paid
for with paper certificates at the
old value; that the profit" accruing
from communicating this gold at the
old value and carrying it on the
books at the higher dollar value be
taken by the Government; that So
000,000,000 of this profit be used by
the Treasury in sterilization opera
tions, at home or abroad, and that
the Treasury be empowered to ad-
minister the currency so that a
stable price level is maintained within
the limits of the new dollar.
The Treasury Immediately issued
regulations establishing a new dollar
standard with a bullion value of
59.06 cents in terms Of the old dol
lar. The people retired on January
81 with a dollar unit of 1922 grains
and arose on February l with dol
lar unit Of 1877 grains.
Reader, II you have been restive
under a humiliating consciousness of
your utter inability to understand this
new law, take heart Nobody else un-
derstands it. In the raucous ululation
of praise Of the monetary program
there is occasionally voice declaring
that our program merely follows that
of other countries-France in 1928 or
England in 1881, for example. Not so.
The eccentric gold-purchaSe plan and
t. Cevaluation law are without pre-
CONTINUED On Sixth Page.)
Evening star., 1934-02-25
Those Fifty-Cent Dollars
What What Will the New Plan Mean America?
What the Financial Experts Think

home they preached a contract be-
tween the Government and millions of
its citizens. They forced our domestic
corporations to break their outstand-
ing contracts. Abroad they shocked
and distressed thousands Of holders of
American securities. At once the dol
lar of the United States went to a dis
count in the markets of the world,
and thrifty Dutch and English and
French investors in our securities
learned a painful lesson.
/. Early in May the Thomas imitation
act was passed, with its provisions per-
mitting imitation of the currency by
every device known to monetary prac-
tice. At the same time it was an
nounced by radio that the administra-
ton intended to use these powers to
force a rise of prices. At last the
financial world had key to the ex-
traordinary measures instituted I'D 10
that time. The objective of these
measures was an artificial stimulation
OF the price level.
Evening star., 1934-02-25
World Recovery Conference.

Last June the representatives of a
harried and weary world assembled in
London to devise ways to hasten world
recovery. There were two possible
means to this precious end. One was
the stabilization of the disorganized
currencieS in a score Of leading ma
tions. The other was the tearing
down of the trade barriers that have
so long blocked normal international
commerce The first was essential to
the second. Our emphatic rejection
of all stabilization discussion killed the
conference. Out of the wreckage
Senator Pittman triumphantly pulled
floating plank that did little some
thing for that shabby camp-follower,
silver.
The exchange value Of the dollar
steadily declined, but our domestic
Evening star., 1934-02-25
BY GASTON NERVAL.

most serious indictment Of
the recently adjourned Pan
American Conference at Mon
Il tevideo is not that it failed
Evening star., 1934-02-25

Communists Gain.
Even the general strike which fol-
lowed on the heels of the recent
change in government was not in it
self revolutionary but rather designed
to warn the government and the new
leaders that the democratic and So
cialistic elements in the population
were ready and able to resist any
such fundamental change as was
concomitantly taking place in Vienna
Thus the strike was, in fact, DEM
onstration in favor and not against
the existing order and protest
against any such Fascist or Nazi con-
troll as had been established in Ber-
lin and Rome and was plainly on the
point of arriving in Vienna.
The triumph of reaction in Vienna,
while primarily victory for both
Fascism and Nazism over democracy,
in the long run represents a gain of
incalculable Importance for Com
munism. For what has taken place
alike In Italy, in Germany and now
Evening star., 1934-02-25

CONTINUED on Fifth Page.)
Evening star., 1934-02-25
AUSTRIAN SITUATION LAID
TO DICTATORSHIP CRISIS
Simonds Sees 'Hopeless" Resistance
as Movement of Majority;
Socialists Doomed.
BY FRANK S. SIMONDS.

~ ECENT events in Austria have
so many aspects it is prac-
II tiCally impossible to lay stress
L upon any single detail. Never
Evening star., 1934-04-08
EUROPE WONDERS
AT DUCE'S SPEECH
MusSo|ini Faces Alternating
New Supporters by Talk
on ''Rights."

ROME.-Premier Mussolini Is en-
gagged in doing a delicate balancing
trick. something like carrying water on
both shoulders. If he succeeds, he will
have achieved by peaceful means what
Napoleon failed to accomplish mill
tarily-the unification of Europe. If
he fails, the consequences may be
tragic.
The Duce's design in bringing Pre-
niers Dollfuss and Goemboes to Rome
several weeks ago was to form a nu-
cleus for European uniflcation. France
on the one hand and the nations of
the little entente on the other
Czechoslovakia. Rumania and Yugo-
SlaVia-had been given assurances
that the scheme for drawing together
Austria and Hungary under Italian
auspices was in no way aimed against
them. They had even been led to be-
lleve that it would be the most effec-
tive barrier to the expansion of Ger
many toward the Southeast, and on
this understanding they gave the Ital-
ian premier free hand.
Disturbing Speech.
But the ink was scarcely dry on the
Rome protocols when Mussolini, be-
fore the Fascist Quinquennial Con-
gress. delivered a sensational speech
in which he not only proclaimed Hun
gary's right" to territorial readjust-
ments and Germany's right" to re-
arm. but indicated plainly that he ex-
pected France to stop hindering Italy's
ambitions in Africa and Asia.
In one breath he put the little en-
Evening star., 1934-04-08
THE PUBLIC LIBRARY

What the well-bred dog should eat.
Separate chapters giving menus for
particular breeds.
DR.. Little's Dog Book, by G. w. Little.
1924. RKTDL72.
What to do before the doctor comes.
Breaking a Bird Dog; Treatise on
Training. by Horace Lytle. 1924.
RKTDL997.
Training a dog through establishing
perfect companionship with him.
What's Your Favorite Breedp
The Police Dog, by David Brockwell.
1924. RKTDB783.
He's shepherd dog to the Germans,
who first bred him; Alsatian to the
English; and police dog to you.
The Beagle Standard, with Interpre-
tations, by I. w. Carrel. 1929,
RKTDC23.
Forty Years Beagling in the United
States, by Eugene Lentilhon. 1921.
RKTDL546f.
All about the beagle and his pos
sibilities.
The Lion Dog of Peking; Being the
Astonishing History of the Pc
kingese Dog. by A. c. Dixey. 1881.
RKTD.D64.
'Pekes" of yesterday and today.
Tho pooL Of tho Ccott;eb Tarriar uith
Chapters Applicable to the Hygienic
Care. Rearing and Treatment of
All Dogs, by F. c. Ewing. 1882
RKTDEw5.
S. S. Van Dine writes an introduc-
ton to this volume on the canny
Scot"
The Airedale. by Williams Haynes.
1923. RKTD. .H33.
A study of "the biggest and best
terrier"
Show Pomeranians, by Lila Ives.
19-Q. RKTDIv3.
A handbook on types and breeding
The Russian Wolf Hound; Its His
tory, Breeding, Exhibiting and
Care, by N. L. Martin. 1881.
RKTD. .M364.
A comprehensive and ell-illustrated
volume on the most aristocratic OF
dogs.
The Ideal Boston Terrier; a Complete
Treatise on the History, Breeding
Selection, Care and Management
of Boston Terriers, by J. 2. Rine.
1882. RKTDR473i.
A complete history Of Beans" and
his family.
Cairn and Sealyham Terriers. by Mrs.
Byron Rogers. 1922. RKTD.R633,
Sound advice on the care and train
ing of two very popular breeds. The
library has also Our Friend the
Cairn," by Rowland Johns. RKTD.
J62.
The Doberman Pinscher, by w. S.
Schmidt. 1929. RKTD. .Sch5a.
"a complete discussion of the his
tory heredity care and exhibiting of
this breed of dog"
Evening star., 1934-04-08

tente on guard against Hungarian de-
mands for territory, encouraged Ger
many's stand for arms equality, and
summoned France to make concessions
to Italy in Tunis. Syria and possibly
the Far East. The German papers,
which had been grumbling at the Mus
solini scheme. Immediately exulted:
Little entente opinion. which had
been sympathetic to Mussolini, took
fright. and the French, who had con-
fidently expected that Mussolini was
heading toward an understanding with
France, began to wonder whether he
was not in reality angling for an en-
tente with Hitler.
Theory Of Proposals.
The fact is, as stated in official
quarters here, that Mussolini is en-
deavoring to be fair and give all par
ties concerned some advantages in re-
turn for mutual concessions. The
difficulty Is that each nation sees its
own profits through a reducing glass,
and the concessions it Is called upon
to make are looked at as II through a
microscope magnifying a thousand
1t is the Duce's idea that the only
possible solution is to recognize each
nations claims as justifiable, but to
endeavor through mutual agreements
to keep such claims from being pushed
to realization. Thus, on the Hum
garian frontiers, Mussolini thinks it
does no harm to proclaim that Hun
gary is entitled to readjustments, but
hopes to persuade the Hungarians that
it would be folly to attempt to make
those claims good. Similarly, he would
recognize formally Germany's right to
arm, but would hope, after this recog-
milton is given, that Germany, in re-
turn for certain economic advantages,
would consent not to exercise the
right.
NegOtiates With France.
As for France, Mussolini is said to
desire complete understanding. He
has been recently in constant nego-
tiation with the French Ambassador,
Count de Chambrun (who incidentally
Is half American. and Furthermore en-
joys, as a direct descendant of La
fayette, the privileges of American
citizenship.
The Italian plan for an entente with
Evening star., 1934-04-08

France revolves around French con-
cessions to Italian colonists in Tunis,
allowing them to keep their Italian
citizenship on par with French colo
nists in the protectorate, in return for
which Italy would give certain guaranA
tees of assistance in case Of German
aggression against France.
But it is fully realized that this
comprehensive plan Of trying to please
everybody at once may result in pleas
ing nobody.
(Copyright 1034)
Evening star., 1934-04-08
Man, IS, to Explore Trinidad.

Eighty-five Is not too old to explore,
according to William Dunn, of Dew
onport, England. who is on his way
to Trinidad. His last visit there was
SO years ago. Il have been planning
for 20 years to make this Journey" he
said. Il gave up smoking and drink
ing and have led frugal life to save
the money. When I was last in Trini-
dad I was a seaman il an 8l-guns
line of battleship. Just before we
reached the island several of the
crew received 300 strokes Of the cat
for INSTRUMENTATION"
Evening star., 1934-04-08
Dogs.


The National Capital Kennel Club
show will be held in the Washington
Auditorium April 13 and IA. The
Public Library has books which will
tell you how to groom your dog for
the event, or care for tie dog you are
inspired to buy after you have visited
the show. The following list. pre-
pared by the Technology Division,
gives selection of the many books
on dogs, breeds, training. ETC.. which
may be borrowed from the library for
home use.
Your Dog and Mine.
Pure-Bred Dogs; the Breeds and
Standards as Recognized by the
American Kennel Club, edited by
c. T. Inglee, H. D. Bixby and
Harold Ober. 1929. RKTD Ans.
The dogs who's Who"
Modern Dogs, their Standards, Care,
Feeding. Breeding, Training and
Treatment, with over 100 Illustra-
tions. by w. A. Bruette. 1882.
RKTD. .B833mo.
A handy manual for the dog lover
who has acquired new puppy.
Dog Owners Guide. by E. F. Daglish
1888. RKTDD23.
A well-known English illustrator
turns his after ton to dogs.
The Book of Dogs: An Intimate
Study of Mankind's Best Friend,
by L. A. Fuertes and others. 1919.
RKTD. .N216.
Pictures and notes on all breeds.
with considerable other matter of gen.
eral interest.
Kennel Building and Plans, by Will
Judy. 1929. RKTD.J92.
"A dog, pedigreed or mongrel, good
healthful quarters"
Your Dog; How to Buy Him. Breed
Him, Show Him and Care for Him,
by N. y. Lewis. 1921. RKTDL58.
The dog at home and on the bench.
Profits in Puppies, by George Malcolm.
1881. RKTD M28.
The author has attempted to dwell
on both the bright and dark situations
which are faced by folks who try to
combine a love of pets with the neces-
sity of providing food, shelter, cloth
ing and comforts for human beings" "
Bringing Him UP Right.
HOUSEKEEPING the Dog, by w. L. Judy,
1882. RKTD J92ho.
A valuable book for the person who
must bring up his dog in small
quarters.
Training the Dog; Complete Instruc-
ton Suitable for All Breeds, with
Chapters on Feeding, Housing and
Care, by Will Judy. 1929. RKTD.
J92t.
Expert advice.
The Puppy Book. by R. S. Lennon.
1925. RKTDL544p.
To the puppy's owner what DR.. Holt
is, or used to be, to mothers.
Diet for Dogs. by G. w. Little. 1929.
RKTDL72d.
Evening star., 1934-04-08
Thriller Ends in Crash.

While producing new thriller on
"Wall of Death" in Turin, Italy, re-
Gently, Robert and Frank Todd had a
narrow escape from death. Frank, on
a motor cycle, was towing Robert. on
roller skates, round a circular vertical
track, when Robert lost his balance
and fell, pulling his partner and ma
chine with him to the bottom Of the
track. Their injuries were treated at
a hospital.
Evening star., 1934-04-08
King Albert Relics Shown.

The French war museum in Vim
cennes, France, has placed on exhibi-
tion wartime relics associated with the
late King Albert Of Belgium. One is
a copy Of the famous "Scrap of
Paper" the treaty guaranteeing Bel
gian neutrality, and moving order
of the day, signed by King Albert on
October IS, 1914, In which he wrote
IF need be, I will shoulder a rifle
myself" Other exhibits include. pipes
fashioned to show his helmeted head
and household implements and hand
kerchiefs bearing his portrait or name.
Evening star., 1934-04-08
UNDERGROUND Lake Found.

NEWPORT, Va. (P.-Recent ex-
ploration of a cave discovered here
two years ago revealed a large lake
20 feet deep and three big rooms
filled with stalagmites and stalactites
Of rare sort. Nobody knew of the cave
until a small boy stumbled on it.
Evening star., 1934-04-08
Centenarian Is Blind.

Mrs. Elizabeth Thomas, who recent
~ observed her Tooth birthday ami
versary. in Pontnewydd, Wales, has
been blind for 20 years.