davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1934-09-07
NEW TUNNEL SUCCESS
$40, 900 First Months Receipts
of Service in England.

LIVERPOOL tR.-The new Mersey
Tunnel, opened by King George, July
18, is proving much more successful
than its promoters anticipated.
During four weeks from July 18 to
August Ia. a total of 340,210 vehicles
Evening star., 1934-09-07

public here. OF the 80 Chinese girls
who went abroad last year to pursue
their studies, 23 entered American
Evening star., 1934-09-07

colleges, 10 went to France, IL TO
Japan, 3 to Germany, 2 TO England
and / to the Philippine Islands.
Evening star., 1934-02-13

pected to entertain any particular az
lection for Lenin. The center they
have built is not Communist estab-
lishment. The late dictator Of the
proletariat was as definitely out of
place there as Mr.. Rockefeller, sr.,
would have been In the Rand School
or the Labor Temple. Rivera himself,
it seems, was guilty of IAN act Of cul-
tural vandalism" when he SO misused
the space allotted him. He was TAX
ing too great advantage of a liberal
attitude on the part of his employers.
If now they have exercised their right
to dispense with the painting for
which they have paid, that Is their
privilege. Ample precedent exists for
their action.
However, there is another aspect Of
the problem which should not be
neglected. 1t is that of the propa-
ganda value of Rivera's complaint.
According to the record, the artist Is
an agitator for drastic social reform.
He omitted George Washington from
a Portrait of America" because ''he
was not a central revolutionary fig
ure." His art. therefore, may be said
to be influenced by his political opin-
ions. And the elimination of his
tribute to Lenin from the Rockefeller
Center has given him an opportunity
to express his wrath against the
wicked capitalists.
He has the Rockefellers' money and
also the satisfaction of annoying
them Thus, he should be happy.
But should he desire to add to his
joy, he might give the s21 900 he re-
ceived for the picture toward the
cause whose welfare is so dear to his
heart.
Evening star., 1934-02-13
Cultural Vandalism ?"

The portrait of Lenin painted by
Diego Rivera on the wall Of corridor
In the Rockefeller Center, New York.
has been removed, and the perpetrator
of the erased design protests that the
Rockefellers have committed an act
of cultural vandalism"
But there are two sides to such a
controversy. Certain friends OF Rivera
think of him as a great creative
artist; other persons are not SO con-
fident Of his genius-he is an ultra
modernist, apparently, and not every
body appreciates that variety OF
esthetic radicalism. Even though it
be conceded, for purposes of argu-
ment, that the celebrated Bolshevik
leader was a proper personality to
represent in a mural decoration In
the Rockefeller Center, there still
might be debate as to whether
Rivera's Interpretation of his counte-
nance was a suitable one. Accuracy
of drawing is not the Mexican
painters outstanding talent. His
vision of Lenin, if photographs of it
may be trusted, resembled a fried egg
more than anything human.
In any event. the Rockefellers
normally could not have been ex-
Evening star., 1934-02-13
Women Who Have
Aided Civilization

To the Editor of The Star:
We were somewhat amazed when
we read your recent editorial on
Civilization" to find that YOUR list
Of names Of those who have inf,u-
enced the upward and onward trend
Of events is confined solely to men
May we mildly suggest that women
also have had q place In the pageant
of life? We may go back 500 wears
B. c. and find Queen Vashti refus-
ing to display her beauty for the
amusement of her lord, the King. and
his drunken associates after their
week of debauChery. Then there is
Mary, who had the training of Jesus
who made possible Christianity the
greatest civilizing force In the world
And Dorcas. who made garments for
the poor-a social worker, without
pay. Elizabeth Fry, the Quakeress
who first brought attention to the in
tolerable conditions in English pris-
cns, not as government investigator
but a Christian sympathizer. And
Florence Nightingale, and Clara Bar
ton, and Evangeline Booth. and Jane
Addams, and Martha Berry. These
are only few of the great charac-
ters, whose names are forever linked
with progress, for their work has been
for the betterment of the moral and
physical conditions of humanity
without which all scientific re-
search and conclusions would be but
idle pastAme. A. M, GARDNER.
Evening star., 1934-02-13
The Export-Import Bank.

The Government is extending its
banking operations. The establish
ment of the Export Bank of
Washington, which Is designed at first
to make possible greater trading with
Russia, was announced yesterday by
Jesse H. Jones. The new bank Is
initially capitalized at $1l 000, 900,
with 81 900, 900 common stock sub
scribed for out of emergency funds
available under the national indus
trial recovery act, and $40 900 900 of
preferred stock subscribed for by the
Reconstruction Finance Corporation.
The trustees Of this new Government
bank are officials of the State and
Commerce Departments, of the A. A.
A. and the r. F. C. While the bank
will have general banking powers, Mr..
Jones is authority for the statement
that it will confine its operations
solely to trading with the Soviet
Union, unless otherwise ordered by
the President.
The Export-Import Bank is ex-
pected to provide the machinery for
greatly increased trading with Russia
AS long as Russia can pay for the
imports from America, so far so good
If Russia should import beyond hel
ability to pay, America would again
be holding the bag. The check or
such excessive trading could be ex-
tended either by the Russians them
selves or by the Americans, and par
ticularly by the governing authorities
Evening star., 1934-02-13

Of the Export Import Bank, or by
both Russians and Americans. The
danger lies in the establishment of
any agency that looks to expanding
American commerce through loaning
money to the foreign customers, hop
ing that some day 1t will be paid
back. This country not long ago OBJ
served the results of such operations.
For years after the World War Amer
lean foreign commerce was puffed to
huge totals by the expedient Of knd-
ing snd then lending more money or
credits to the foreigners with which
to purchase goods. When the for
eigners were unable to pay, when
their bonds became worthless, then
the shoe began more and more to
pinch the American foot.
If the present administration is
going to try again to build up foreign
trade through the same old expedient
Of loaning money to foreign customers
there Is the same old danger. APP
parently there is to be limit to these
operations for the time being and
they are to be confined to Russia.
Proposals have been advanced, how
ever, that a great Government cor
poration or bank, to supervise all for
eign trade and presumably to aid in
its expansion, be set up, with the
money to be loaned to American ex-
porters and importers, rather than to
the foreign customers. If the foreign
customers are not able to pay the
American exporters the damage will
in the end be done to the United
States.
There are but two ways in which
the foreign customers may pay for
the goods they obtain from this coun-
try. One Is by gold, of which they
have little enough, and the other is
by the export Of goods of their own
1t seems quite obvious that sooner OF
later. If there is to be an expansion
OF American trade abroad, the i'm
ports Of goods from foreign nations
into this country must be increased
We cannot sell all the time and buy
not at all. Not all the government
banks in the world would make ii
possible to continue such an impos-
sible program.
Evening star., 1934-02-13
Veteran Bureau Work.
ers and Benefciarie,
erS a

To the Editor of The Star
One of the biggest sources of scan
daI In veteran affairs in the past
years and one of the things which
brought tragedy to the veterans. as a
wnole, was the fact that large num-
oers OF veterans Administration Off
ciaE and employees. especially profes-
sional men, were drawing large retire
ment pay while also drawing large
paw ss employees.
In the excitement nearly everyone
overlooked the Sordid practice of hay-
ing such persons pass upon the claims
OF veterans seeking compensation and
other benefits.
To remedy this practice wise
representative put through a law pro-
vidlng that those drawing benefits
could not pass upon the claims of
others seeking the same benefits
upon this sane and Just provision
an assault Is now being energeticaIly
made. The Veterans Administration
proposes to authorize announcement
OF pension temporarily and therebv
defeat the plain letter of the law
Ihis law was intended to cover en-
ployes who were entitled to pensions
whether they be drawn now or later
Every veteran who has the welfare
OF himself and his comrades at heart
VIII vigorously oppose this attempt by
the Government to defeat its own
laws. 1t is not the veterans fault
that the Veterans Administrator
higher positions are so stuffed with
beneflciaries that 1t cannot function
This situation made all the scandal
during the past few years and there
by brought an avalanche of mistrest-
ment against the veteran body. II
would be a monstrous insult to let
tnis situation further penalize the
veteran by denying him a right to q
hearing before an unbiased BODY.
THOMAS L, MADDINS.
Evening star., 1934-02-13
Professors to Lecture to
Prisoners at Sing Sing

~ tHc 5ultOf OF Inc star.
An Associated Press dispatch in
The Star OF a recent date SAYS that
IL New York University professors
will from time to time 60 to Sing
Sing prison to give lectures to the
prisoners on Modern Business"
Warden Lawes of Sing Sing thus
loses the fight he has waged to sur
round his convicts with protective
moral influence and example. 1t has
always been regrettable in the eyes
OF the warden that first offenders
among the convicts were by necessity
compelled to come more or less in
contact with the hardened. criminals.
His ambition to segregate these two
classes of convicts was a laudable
one. This idea of the N. Y. u. pro-
fessors to teach the convict modern
business" makes it imperative that
some champion should come forth to
protect the morals of both the har-
dened criminals and the first Offend
ers in the institution. They should
not be subjected to this modern
business" curriculum. AS long as they
Go nothing worse than crack a safe
or stage a stick-up, the arm of the
law can and does reach out and get
them. On the other hand, If they
are taught by these professors how
to organize an air transport company,
put in $3.50 and by stock manipula-
ton safely take out more than So
100000 where they have actually
earned only 81 ,000, 900, then the pub
lie is going to suffer from their
activities when they are turned loose
from prison.
If this course of lectures on mod
ern business" teaches these convicts
how to organize an international
banking institution and sell worthless
bonds to the tune of hundreds Of
millions of dollars of profit to them
selves, all within the law, then it will
be teaching them something that
makes their old trade of burglary
seem a harmless pastime. If, in ad-
dition to all this, the lectures teach
them how by clever system of de
ductions" to avoid paying any income
tax on these ill-gotten gains, then
the United States Treasury and the
public are both in for bad time.
There is one consoling thought, one
silver lining to the cloud: If these
brain trusters" are not more inti-
mately acquainted with the actual
workings of modern business than
are some other professors about how
to regulate agriculture. ETC.. no harm
will be done. S. H. MUMFORD.
Evening star., 1934-02-13

Inquiries from readers show that
there still is vast puzzlement among
them as to the primary difference in
the care of goldhshes and the So
called tropical fishes in the home
aquarium.
The great underlying difference
and one which must always be kept
in mind, is that the tropicals must be
kept warm all the time, but demand
less oxygen; goldfishes live we'll in any
average temperature, but need a great
deal of oxygen.
Goldfishes should have a least one
gallon of water per fish, preferably
two gallons, whereas tropical fishes
may be kept more crowded than that
Goldfishes exist comfortably in q
range of temperature between 40 de-
grees and 80 degrees Farenheit
whereas the tropicals must be kept
always between 10 and 80 degrees for
best results. If they can be kept con-
stantly at 78 degrees, that Is about
ideal.
4 II X \
It will be realized, therefore. that
the dif1iculty in keeping goldfshes in
the average home comes in not being
able to provide them enough water
land therefore oxygen) per fish
whereas the chief trouble the average
amateur experiences in keeping the
tropicals lies in his inability to keeI
them uniformly warm.
The goldfish tank can be placed in
any location in any room in any
average home without danger to the
aquarium inmates, but the tropica
tank by a window without radiation
If no special method is used to keeI
the water temperature up, will almost
surely go below 70 degrees, even ir
a well-heated home
There is mental handicap which
must be overcome in keeping bott
these types of fishes.
With the goldfishes it is this: Tt
realize adequately Just how great anc
persistent is the demand of these
small carp for oxygen, being cold
water fishes. We have said one small
fish q inches long, per gallon, bu
better ratio is one such fish PEI
two gallons OF water Seldom /.
either OF these ratios seen in practice
In keeping the tropicals the handi-
cap to overcome is this: To realize
adequately the real demand which
these fishes have for warm water
constantly, not Just some time during
the day.
Practically all OF our small exotic
fishes come from climes where water
of 10 degrees or better is uniformly
constant.
Since cold water contains more
oxygen than warm, it is fortunate
that the so-called tropicals do not
demand as much oxygen as the small
brightly colored carp known as gold.
fishes, for this fact permits more oi
them to be kept in a given volume
OF such water
The number Of fishes per gallon
therefore. becomes the secondary mat.
ter in regard to tropicals, wherea.
it is first with goldfishes.
Theoretically one may keep abou
two tropical fishes per gallon-bu
this Is mostly an advice of perfection
since vastly more than that may bt
harbored per gallon after one be.
comes acquainted with aquarium
management.
Make no mistake-home aquarium
management is the pleasure it i
largely because 1t constantly offer,
problems TO an inquiring mind. prob
lens which can be solved by careful
observation, by investigation, and b!
| common sense.
1t must not be thought that tht
tropical fishes do not need plenty o
! air, too.
They do, but they will stand NOR,
Evening star., 1934-02-13
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PB1LANDER JOHNSON
Back to Earth.

Back to Earth.
A sage on all things earthly turned
A mournful gaze;
Said he, The coal will all be burned
One of these days.
The tropics will freeze up some Fall,
Or else a comet big will call
And smash us into atoms small,
One Of these days"
He trudged along in gloomy thought
Through busy ways.
The motorman cried, You'll get caught
One of these days!"
Then he was hit by No. 5.
They said, Perhaps you will contrive
When crossing streets to look alive,
One of these days"
Adversely will often bring
Much cause for praise.
Says he, They'll cure this broken wing
One of these days"
No cosmic sorrow does he shout.
His future seems all free from doubt,
He grins and says, "I'll be about
One Of these days"
Evening star., 1934-02-13

Interpretation Of the Endorsement
of Senator Hiram Johnson of Califor-
MIA by national leaders Of the Demo-
cratic party and by several Democratic
Representatives in the Pacific Coast
State emphasizes the probable effort
to form an alliance between the Presi-
dents party and the Progressive Re
publicans. A move of this kind, it is
felt, has long been contemplated and
Senator johnson is believed 10 have
been placed in a stronger position.
1T suggests recognition on the
Presidents part of the so-called lib
erals without respect to more SPECIFIC
party qualifications" in the opinion
of the Allentown Morning Call, while
the Uniontown Morning Herald sug-
gests that ANY political alliance be-
tween the Roosevelt administration
and the Progressive Republicans
might consummate the 1ong-heralded
regrouping of party organizations"
The Lansing State Journal argues
that IF johnson succeeds in gaining
the nomination of both parties, that
will temporarily advantage him, per-
sonally. but such outcome will only
hasten the time when there must be
realignment on issues rather than on
old names"
quite apparently" thinks the Reno
Evening Gazette. "the effort to give
Senator johnson the Democratic
nomination stands a very good chance
of winning and he has the national
administration Endorsement" The
New York Times is of the opinion
that "for the California regular Re
publicans this is a bitter hour, FOR
the Senator has a patron too powerful
to resist" The Times also believes
that "Mr. Johnson's reelection may
be regarded as certain, under what
ever party name he chooses to reg
lister himself"
The Boston Transcript, however,
warns that great bodies Of voters,
cemented together by one man. are
elusive things as the Theodore Roose-
welt and the La Toilette experiments
proved" The Transcript adds that
'if miracles continue, Mr.. Roosevelt
will need no novel organization for
his own success, but the question is
how strongly the President will stand
entrenched in popular favor when the
funds run out and the tax bills come
in"
Meanwhile" says the Omaha
World Herald, tender hearts may
feel a pang for the Democrats OF Cali
fornia. They are a long. long way
from Washington. They have been
| fighting the battle for the party
against tremendous odds these many
years and one of their most unsparing
opponents has been Senator Hiram
johnson. California Democrats
may be willing, out of their great re-
gard for President Roosevelt, to kill
the fatted calf for Hiram johnson, but
they might be entitled to forgiveness
II they insist that he come and get
it-join them in the feast at the old
| family home-and complain against
being required to tote it to him away
over there in the enemy's camp" The
Sioux Falls Daily Argus-Leader holds
| that there must be Democrats in
California who would like to serve in
the United States Senate. and it Is
hard to believe that they would ac-
cept complacently an attempt by the
administration to support johnson"
The Springfield Union observes that
Senator Johnson would at least re-
gain the jewel Of consistency by run
ming for reelection as the Democratic
Evening star., 1934-02-13
Mount Pleasant
Street Car Line
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
1 have been riCing on the Mount
Pleasant car line for nigh unto twenty
years, which qualities me. in my judg-
ment, to express an opinion as to its
inadequacy of service and other de-
hciencieS. 1t maintains no schedules,
the number of cars are wholly made
quate for the needs of the public that
use this line, especially in the morn
lngs and evenings; the cars are never
properly ventilated, and the vay in
which passengers are packed in the
cars is positively indecent and an out
rage upon those who use them, espe-
cially the women. 1t was expected and
promised that the service would be
Improved after the merger, but 1t has
steadily grown worse.
The responsibility for this condition
rests squarely upon the Public Utilities
commission of the District of Co.
lumbia, which they cannot escape. be-
cause the law clothes them with annie
authority and power in the premises.
They have grossly failed and neglected
to discharge their duties under the
law and to the public. The members
OF this commission should be promptly
removed for incompetency and neglect
OF duty, and the demand for their re-
moval is hereby made in behalf of an
outraged and long-suffering public.
The following are the pertinent uro-
visions of the law, which also gives
the commission ample power to en-
force its orders in the exercise of its
authority under the law:
That every street railroad connanv
or corporation owning, controlling
leasing, or operating one or more
street railroads within the District of
Columbia shall. on each and ali of its
railroads, supply and operate a sufi-
cient number Of cars, clean, sanitar,
in good repair. with proper and safe
power equipment, appliances and
service, comfortable and convenient
and SO operate the same as to give
expeditious passage, not to exceed Is
miles per hour within the city limits
or 20 miles per hour in the suburbs.
10 all persons desirous of the use of
SAID cars, without cFowding said cars. "
ALEXANDER SIDNEY LANIER.l
Evening star., 1934-02-13
Cracking Down on the Colonel.

OF course Col. Lindbergh's telegram
to the President protesting the air
mail contract cancellations was. as
Mr.. Stephen T. Early so Indignantly
discovers, sent for publicity pur-
poses" But there are different kinds
OF publicity. Col. Lindbergh, one OF
the most widely publicized men in
the world, resents and avoids personal
publicity. In accordance with a
rather general practice, however, he
has sought publicity for an issue Of
public importance by addressing the
President as the head of the Gov
ernment and at the same time giving
his communication to the press. The
issue at stake, of course, does not
concern Col. Lindbergh nor the PreSi-
dent as individuals, and the infraction
of ethics of procedure which led the
White House to crack down on the
colonel is little hazy.
1t is encouraging to learn. however
that the coloneFs message will not be
consigned to the waste basket, but
will be referred to the Postmaster
General and to the Secretary of Com
merce for consideration and action.
The point well worth consideration by
these gentlemen is raised by Col
Lindbergh in his statement that
No one can rightfully object to
drastic action being taken provided
the guilt implied is first established
| but it is the right of any American
individual or organization to receive
fair trial Your present action does
not discriminate between innocence
and guilt and places no premium on
honest business.
With the possible exception Of the
use of the personal pronoun-for the
contract-cancellation program is a
Government policy-Col. Lindbergh
has stated the matter very well. The
cancellation of all the airmAil con-
tracts, in absence Of any clarifying
statement of future action, certainly
indicates that all airmail contracts
are tainted, and that the operators of
all airmail lines are equally smudged.
This may be the case The public
does not know. But the traditional
method Of showing such things has
been through tthe courts, and the pun
ishment for unlawful acts has usually
| followed, and not preceded, the es-
tablishment of guilt. That is why
the sudden cancellation of all con-
tracts, and the colorfully sensational
but temporary expedient Of mastering
the Army to carry the mails, produces
such protests as those received from
Col Lindbergh.
Perhaps the Government intends
to nationalize the airlines, or wipe
out mail subsidies altogether. or con-
tinue the present system by dealing
with O new set Of airline operators.
What the Government does intend is
now q matter of speculation. But
stigmatized by the inference of guilt,
as they are, airline officials like Col.
Lindbergh cannot be condemned for
protesting and for making public the
nature of their protests. Neither the
dignity of the White House nor that
of Col. Lindbergh has suffered.
Evening star., 1934-02-13
Met i'm Mastering
knowledge of Russian Language

tions from the writings Of Tolstoi
there are $50 pages. of which only 65
are text and the remainder are notes.
and there is vocabulary of over
5000 words. One familiar with Sans
Knit Will find many words in Russian
taken bodily from that language.
1t doesn't look like Russian is so
easy. But it is eminently worth
while, and 1t will be interesting to
know how many Americans will follow
Prof. Kolesnikoff in George Washing
ton University until he pilots them
through the rocks and shoals to the
delightful harbor Of an accomplished
mastery over one of the most difficult
and interesting as well as useful Ian
guages spoken
LINDSAY S. PERKINS.