davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1934-07-27
Rise in Earth's Temperature
Seen as Ne,o Ice Age Prelude
Increase in Heat Paradoxically Accom-
panied by Gro,Oing Cold, and Cen
turies VIII Giue Latter Dominance.

during the past 100000 years. are
believed to have consisted Of two such
solar radiation cycles with four glac-
iations and three interglacial periods,
two of which were hot and wet and
one of which was cold and dry.
The present might be considered
another cold, dry interval. Meteoro-
logical records indicate that, for the
past so years at least, 1t has been get
ting warmer. This may or may not be
a longtime trend. II 1t is, the warmer
it gets the more snow may be expected
to fall over the Arctic Ocean, Green
land and the northern coasts Of
North America and Asia. The more
the snow piles up, the greater is be-
coming the pressure to start south
ward flow, which would result In an
other ice age.
If Prof. Simpsons theory Is cor
rect there should be greatly increased
rainfall in equatorial regions at the
crests Of solar radiation cycles, fol-
lowed by dry periods at their troughs
Recent geological explorations in
Africa show that this was exactly
what happened in Central Africa,
while the Northern Hemisphere was
passing through two cycles of the
quarternary, and now, for many years
past, there has been increasing
drought, with the great tropical lakes
slowly drying up and the desert
spreading.
Records Inadequate .,.....
To Explain Trends.
Short period cycles in solar radia-
ton, which are believd to have a con-
trolling and extremely complicated in
huence on weather, recently have
been demonstrated by the records of
the astrophysical observatory of the
Smithsonian Institution. Apparently
the chief Of these Is the 23-year, or
double sun spot, cycle. Increase Of
solar radiation on the upswing Of
such cycle makes some parts of the
earth warmer and some parts colder.
But the existence Of such a super
cycle as would explain the ice ages
cannot be demonstrated, of course,
by observation, for this would re-
quire the records Of hundreds Of CEN
turies. 1t only can be hypothecated
to explain events known to have taken
place.
Supposedly, for a couple Of gen.
erations, most of the Northern Hemi-
sphere has been getting warmer
but what happens during half CEN
tury can be only an Insignificant
fluctuation in the general trend of
an age.
OF late years there has been con-
siderable speculation on what would
happen "if Greenland's ice should
melt" The sea level would be raised.
The Atlantic seaboard, with its great
cities, would be at the bottom of the
ocean. 1t has been intimated that,
If the temperature increase continues,
Greenlands ice might melt in the
course of few thousand years.
But, from Prof. Simpsons reason
ing, it will have to get a good deal
thicker before 1t starts to melt and
the ice will come before the floods.
Evening star., 1934-07-27

Heat Followed BY Rain,
Then Cold and Ice.
Il works out this way:

1t works out this way:
First the sun starts getting hotter.
This causes more evaporation OF water
from the earth's surface and, conse-
quently, more clouds and precipitation.
The form of precipitation in cold re-
gions, such as within the Arctic Circle
and on high mountain tops, Is snow
This accumulates into great moving
masses of snow and ice-the glaciers
which flow southwark until they reach
latitudeS warm enough to melt them.
The sun gets hotter and hotter. Even
in the Arctic precipitation is in the
form of rain, rather than snow. The
accumulated snow and ice is melted.
There is a warm, wet interglacial
period.
The radiation cycle Of the sun
reaches its crest and begins to go
down again. Once more the polar
regions and mountain tops are cov-
cred with rapidly accumulating snow
and ice until the glaciers are started
again. The suns radiation keeps
going down. Evaporation and precipi-
tation also decline. Finally, as the
suns heat nears the trough of the
cycle, there is very little precipitation
and consequently very little snowfall
to feed the glaciers at their sources.
They melt as the ice flow reaches low
enough latitudes. There is cold, dry
interglacial period
Then the suns heat starts going up
again. Once more there Is increased
snowfall In the North. Once more the
glaciers start and the whole succession
is repeated The so-called ice ages,
from which the earth has emerged
Evening star., 1934-07-27
Crashes Fatal for 80.

Ninety-nine were killed IN road ac-
c!deutS in Britain IN q recent week.
Evening star., 1934-07-27
"SH0CK" TROOPS,
HEAVILY ARMED
RULE MINNEAPOLIS

IContinued From First Page)
Evening star., 1934-07-27

by their employers, with the declara-
ton that the concessions made were
less than so per cent adequate.
Evening star., 1934-07-27

(Continued From First Page.)
Evening star., 1934-07-27
THRIFTY MUST PAY
NEW DEALS BILLS,
G. O. P. CHIEF SAYS

CONTINUED From First Page.)
Red Lodge daily news combined with Carbon County news., 1934-08-22
EDGAR
BY Esther Jensen

Clara Gerber spent a few days
visiting in Laurel last week.
l.. C. Jensen, who was formerly
ar Edgar business man, was re-
ported quite sick last week at his
home in Joliet.
Leo Stark was a business visitor
in Billings Thursday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Pete Knutson and
Mrs. Dan Weller departed Thurs
day for their home in Spokane,
Wash. They had been visiting rel
atives and friends here for the
past week.
Mrs. Axel Carlson and sons,
Germand and Chester, and Lewis
Gonzales motored to Billings Fri
day to attend the rodeo.
Mrs. A. B. Mcmahon attended
the Rockville club Wednesday af-
ternoon which met at the home of
Mrs. Clarence Wight.
The Misses Clara and Rose Ger
Der were visitors at the Niels Jen-
sen ranch Thursday evening.
Harold Jensen and Glennes Lee
McClurg motored to Billings Sat-
prday afternoon.
Red Lodge daily news combined with Carbon County news., 1934-08-22
COOKE CITY
News Items
BY L. NJ. Prin

Cooke, Mont, Aug. 20.-The
New World mining district is a
place of distinctive contrasts.
Cooke City shows this popularity
and the visitor to this quaint old
mining town exemplifies this
statement. Being used to all Of
our modern conveniences, it is
with utter abandon the outsider
reverts to the primitive. He builds
his bed on the ground, eats burned
food off of tin plates and shows
no regret in not having his daily
newspaper at breakfast time or
his radio in the evening. The con-
trast is further shown in mining
as it is now being carried on in
this section. Formerly the pros
pectors roamed the hills and
mountains, looking only for quartz.
He prided himself upon his forti-
tude. He dotted on the privations
and misery of his prospecting. To-
day all is changed. The prospector
drives in through the district in
his car, be it either a flivver or a
limousine. He unfurls his tent and
blows up the air mattress, gets out
the bacon and prepared pancake
flour. He carries neither dyna-
mite nor pick, and needs know
nothing about rock or how to drill
and shoot it.
The New World mining district
is unlike any other precious metal
section known. Instead of using
air compressors, explosives and
laborious work, the actual mining
of today is done by open-pit meth
DDS. The clays and other forms of
ore are dug with power shovels,
and trucks are used in hauling it
to mills and smelters.
Instead of the traditional a
ners of handling ores, new meth
DDS of milling and smelling nave
been developed in the Cooke City
section in order to extract the
precious metals being given up by
Mother Nature. Here again youth
shows its hand. A high school boy
has ~astonished experienced mining
men by recovering the rich coloid-
al gold which eluded their grasp
for years. This fine precious met
al will lie suspended in water, re-
fusing to settle on analgam plates
and therefore passes quickly
through ordinary gold recovering
machines and become lost in the
tailings. This is the reason placer
mining has become a lost art in
Red Lodge daily news combined with Carbon County news., 1934-08-22

Continued from Page u
provided in our Constitution, and
delegates its legislative powers to
appointed bureaucrats, not re-
sponsible to the will of the people;
a government which subsidies
waste and destroys plenty; which
creates tremendous debts to be
shouldered by our generation and
those yet unborn; which STILES
initiative, by denying citizens the
fruits of industry, thrift, and hon
esty; which implants fear by gag
rule spying and breakdown"
methods; which establishes whole
sale RECOMMENDATION of thought and
action; which substitutes show
manship for craftsmanship.
We affirm our faith in forward
looking legislation and the re-
sponsible administration thereof
to insure security and individual
opportunity for great and small
alike. We believe that the wage
Garner must receive a fair proper
ton of the earnings of industry
and that the farmer is entitled to
receive a fair profit on the fruits
of his labor.
We favor the party system of
government with party platforms
that say something and mean what
they say. We believe the new Re-
publican party should be an ag-
gressive party, with leadership
characterized by a partnership of
the wisdom and experience of the
older leaders and the energy and
idealism of the younger. We be-
lieve the Republican program can
be expressed in four words-lib-
erty, honor, security and progress.
Red Lodge daily news combined with Carbon County news., 1934-08-22

Aug. 16.-0mer M. Van Doren,
49, and Madeline Shaffer, Ss, both
of Billings.
Aug. 1S.-Ernest McGeorge, %,
and Eunice Hagen, 20, both Of
Silesia.
Aug. 19.-Dwight L. Foote, 81
and Grace Folsom, 10, both Of
Silverton, Ore.
Aug. 20.-lsaac Howard High.
land, S3, and Jennie Geneva Witt
"a, both of Butte Greek, Mont.
Red Lodge daily news combined with Carbon County news., 1934-08-22

this section. Mining as practiced
today is a matter Of chemistry
rather than of machinery. Flota-
ton tables, chemical and electrical
agents are the means used today.
Potential millions of tons of prec-
ious ores are awaiting the touch
of magic of modern mining in this
district. Cooke City promises to
become renowned throughout the
breadth of the land as the greatest
mining section ever known. No
promise is made that it will be-
come the home of rich strikes, but
medium grade pres will be handled
during the years to come and pre-
dictions are made by prominent
engineers that operations will con-
tinue for years on a quantity scale.
Operations, as now being started,
will make a success of those res
commonly known as low grade.
Quantity production is the secret
of success.
Red Lodge daily news combined with Carbon County news., 1934-08-22
TORCH.TOTING COWBOYS

Bozeman, Aug. 20.-Cowboys in
parts of Texas and New Mexico
carry blow torches with them
when they go out on the range.
They use the torches to burn the
sharp spines off the cactus so cat
tie can get this unusual feed.
Red Lodge daily news combined with Carbon County news., 1934-08-22

OF course. you'll have to adjust
and operate your camera according
to the light. Working In the shade,
your camera naturally needs a little
extra time to do its work. particu-
larly if-as is wise-you s a small
diaphragm opening. II your cam
era's lens has q variable aperture,
ranging from f.6.3 down to f.32. for
example, use a very small opening,
like f.32 and an exposure of 1/5 or "a
second.
(By the way. don't forget that
you'll need a firm support for your
camera when the exposure time Is
longer than 1925 OF a secondly
You will doubtless want to take
close-ups of some Of the flowers. If
your camera will not focus closer
than ten feet, or thereabouts, get q
portrait attachment "a simple, mex
pensive lens that fits over the regu-
lar lens). With 1t you can get very
close to your subject, for striking
and beautiful shots.
Here's another trick. To make q
particular flower or plant stand out
wildly, get a big sheet Of gray card
board and stand It up back Of the
flower, far enough away 80 that-if
you Ire using direct sunlight--no
shadows fall on 1t.
To catch the color values OF fiow-
ers, you'll need to use the new pam
chromatic film for amateurs. Pan
chromatic" means the film Is capa-
BILE OF recording. In monochrome of
course wide range Of colors. Your
photo dealer will help you select the
hest film for your special needs.
JOHN VAN GUTLDER.
Red Lodge daily news combined with Carbon County news., 1934-08-22

IT HERE are few more tempting
cenes than gardens In full
bloom. About this time of year snap
shooters by the thousand are sue
cumbing to garden lure. They snap
shoot avidly, long-shots, ~close-ups
and in-betweens. 49,. And the miracle
OF 1t all is that so many of them get
pleasing results.
For, frankly, it's not the easiest
thing in the world to get a good
flower picture. Flowers are TEN
peramental" subjects. Like some Of
H~ollywood's darlings, they make
good pictures only when the light
ing is tailor-made to suit their spe-
cial requirements.
But don't let me discourage you.
For, after all, the trick of making
good flower portraits is not hard to
master and, once you've got 1t, your
results will amply repay you for the
extra care involved.
The first rule of flower ~portraiture
Is: Avoid harsh lighting.
BY this, | mean that flowers sci.
dom make good pictures under a
direct. midday sun. The light be.
tween ten and three of a summers
day is 80 intense that you get an
over-abundance OF chalky highlights
and inky shadows. To catch the sub.
tie beauty of flowers. 1t is better to
work under the slanting rays of the
sun In early morning or late after.
noon.
Even better flower pictures can
be made In the shade, on bright
days. or out in the open on dull
S-ss.
Red Lodge daily news combined with Carbon County news., 1934-08-22

British production of rayon yarn
and waste in the first three
Red Lodge daily news combined with Carbon County news., 1934-08-22

The Morrison Knudsen road
crew have the new grade built as
far as the park line and are laying
gravel at the present time. This
company will complete the con-
tract within the confines of the
park this fall. The new station at
the Cooke entrance will cost in
the neighborhood of $1,000 and
construction will start shortly.
Red Lodge daily news combined with Carbon County news., 1934-08-22

per cent over the output in the
similar period last year.
Red Lodge daily news combined with Carbon County news., 1934-08-22

Deputy Sheriff Sven Olsen is
plotting an ''open air" taxi as a
consequence of some indiscretions
in driving one night last week. The
popular law enforcement officer
was returning from Livingston
late at night and he claims having
missed the turn after safely nego-
tiating the bridge r. the La
mar river. Anything Swan says
goes in Cooke City and every one
is glad hat he was not injured.
Red Lodge daily news combined with Carbon County news., 1934-08-22

Spokane, left Tuesday after spend
ing ten days in the New World
mining district, looking over var
ious properties. Last week he was
joined by Claude Seims, of the
Seims-H elmer Construction COM
pany of St. Paul, Mimi, and Mr..
Then, an engineer for the North
western Improvement company, a
subsidiary of the Northern Pacific
railway.
Red Lodge daily news combined with Carbon County news., 1934-08-22

Mrs. R. A. Nutting drove to Bill
lings Friday.
Red Lodge daily news combined with Carbon County news., 1934-08-22

Ralph and Con Wiggenhorn of
Billings are mentioning in the
New World mining district. They
are driving over the same country
which was negotiated Is years
ago on horseback.
Red Lodge daily news combined with Carbon County news., 1934-08-22

months this year amounted to "a
100000 pounds, an increase of "a
Red Lodge daily news combined with Carbon County news., 1934-08-22

Jim Sperry, prominent business
man of st. Paul, Mimi, was a Wis
itor in the camp the first part of
the week.
Red Lodge daily news combined with Carbon County news., 1934-08-22

Phone your news items to No. 9.
Red Lodge daily news combined with Carbon County news., 1934-08-22
NATIONAL CALL

Continued from Page u
Red Lodge daily news combined with Carbon County news., 1934-08-22

G. A. Walgren and a party of
eighteen arrived in Cooke City
Sunday and a camp will be estab-
lished at Long lake where fishing
will be enjoyed for the next week.
Mr.. Walgren is from Chicago and
is president of the Walgren Drug
stores, said to be the largest chain
of such stores in the United States.
Red Lodge daily news combined with Carbon County news., 1934-08-22

Many parties are being QUILTED
at the Shaw lodge for the ever
popular Grasshopper glacier trip.
The glaciers are exceptionally
beautiful this season and at the
present time visitors may see just
how these glaciers secure their
names as living grasshoppers are
daily settling on the SNOW and ice
where, after becoming numbed,
they finally lose their lives. Each
year a new layer of the insects be-
come a part of the ever-growing
glacier.
Red Lodge daily news combined with Carbon County news., 1934-08-22

AND UP Liss prios ef Ssandars
Six Sport Roadsssr as Flint, Michigan,
S4oS. Fnh bumpers, spare firs and
rirslcck, fhsIisspricei 10 sl8 additional.
Prices su6jecs 20 change phhous nohcs.
Montana labor news., 1934-05-31
ROOSeveIt'S Order
Protects Workers
Employers Who Victimize En-
ployes for Charging Code Vio-
lation Are Made Subject to
Fine and Imprisonment.

Washington ~ Subversive employers
who dismiss and otherwise victimize
their employees for making complaints
charging violation OF NRA codes or
giving evidence in code violation cases
were strongly reminded Of their I'M
patriotic position in an executive order
issued by President Roosevelt making
such actions subject to fine and i'm
prisonment.
The official statement by the Nat
%ional Recovery Administration an
%nouncing the issuance of the order
stated:
president Roosevelt has issued an
executive order giving complete pro-
lection in their jobs to employees who
make complaints or give information
concerning alleged code violations on
the part Of their employers.
The order DEGREES that no employer
subject to a code shall dismiss or de-
mote any employee for making a com
plant or giving evidence with respect
to code violations under penalty of a
$500 fine or six months Imprisonment.
or both.
In numerous cases before the Nat
ional Labor Board, employees h rave
charged that their employers have de-
NOTED or otherwise penalized them for
making complaints or giving testimony
regarding alleged code violations"
The Presidents order said:
by virtue Of and pursuant to the
authority vested in me under title I. of
the National Industrial Recovery Act
of June 10, 1888 (ch. 90, 48 Stat. 1867,
and in order to effectuate the purposes
of said title, | hereby prescribe the fol-
lowing rule and regulation
mo employer subject to a code OF
fair competition approved under said
title shall dismiss or denote any en-
ployee for making a complaint or Civ
ing evidence with respect to an alleged
violation of the provisions of any code
of fair competition approved under
said title.
"All persons are hereby informed
that section l0(a) of the National In
dustrial Recovery Act prescribes a
fine not to exceed five hundred dol
lars (S500) or Imprisonment not to
coed six CO.. months, or both, for the
violation Of any rule or regulation pre-
scribed under the authority Of said
section l0(a)"
Montana labor news., 1934-05-31
A TIP TO ROOSEVELT

TACOMA, Wash-FP) - Because
the Roosevelt administratio has made
no attempt to put sufficient money in
peoples pockets so they can buy and
restore prosperity a reckoning is com
ing, warns the Tacoma Labor Advo-
cate, A. F. of L. central body organ in
this city.
There are still 10000 900 unemployed
and with their dependents that means
one-third Of the nation" writes Editor
John McGivney. so although none
tary policies may be devised from the
most ingenious brain trusts, prices may
be increased through the alchemy OF
NRA, and yet without the establish
ment Of a balance between productive
capacity and an efficient, that is mon
eyed, capacity on the part Of the people
to consume, everything else is merely
a dangerous palliative that conceals and
does not cure the cancer that ulcers
all unseen"
Montana labor news., 1934-05-31
Labor Board Decision Hits
National Lock Co.

WASHINGTON-Striking heavily at
the National Lock Company of Rock
ford, Illinois, for continued and persis-
tent f%louting of the rights of its en-
ployes under NRA codes, the National
Labor Board recommended that the
company's Blue Eagle insignia be with
drawn and that the U. S. Department
of Justice institute legal proceedings
against the concern for violation of
Section 7 (a) of the National Indus
trial Recovery Act.
The case originated in a complaint
OF employees, organized in Federal
Labor Union No. 1880, affiliated with
the American Federation OF Labor, who
went on strike on August 81 of last
year. The strike involved 900 men,
about half of whom are still out.
In its findings of fact the Board
stated, that the National Lock Com
pany has violated the right of its en-
ployes to organize and bargain collec-
lively through representatives of their
own choosing, and has restrained them
and interfered in their designation Of
such representatives and in their self
organization" Such action, the board
said constitutes a violation of Section
7 (a) of the National Industrial Re
coVerv Act.
Montana labor news., 1934-05-31
DECALOGUE OF
THE STRIKERS

|, | believe in organization and sol
idarity of all the workers. | believe in
the following triune and shall do my
best to promote them.
Education, Organization, Emancipation
II. | aim to abolish low wages, long
hours, unhealthy and unsafe working
conditions.
III. | shall battle against the dom
nation OF the A. c. M. Co. and stick
by my fellowmen in the struggle for
higher living standards for myself and
my family.
~. | will learn how to think right,
| will seek the truth and aim to do
good.
V. I will keep away from drinks
that may cause false enthusiasm and
trouble. | will nationally, as well as
intelligently attempt to live a sane,
healthy life and assist others to do so.
vi. | will act according to common
sense. | will propagate justice, truth,
liberty, equality, among my fellow men
and women.
VII. l will not let the A. c. M. Co.
owned and controlled press prostitute
my mind and thus cause me to degen-
crate.
VIII. | will not take the place of
my fellow mar in any capacity during
the strike, in other words, | will not
scab. | will not do as Judas Iscariot
done and will do my best in keeping
others from doing SO. If l fail to keep
this vow, | promise that | will tie a
rock to my block and jump in the lake.
TX. | will not commit violence dur
ing the strike. | will also ask my fell
low men to keep away from violence.
| will forget the English language when
speaking to the gunner and scabs, the
dirty rats, and use instead, profane
language when speaking to these de-
generates.
X. will do unto my fellowmen as l
would like them to do unto me.
Montana labor news., 1934-05-31
Stool Pigeons

Three unorganized mine employees in
northern Idaho are seeking an %iniunc-
ton to prevent the regional labor board
from conducting an election for en-
ploye representation, and in so doing
are challenging the constitutionaIty OF
the National Recovery Act.
The plaintiffs are employees and stool
pigeons OF the Bunker Hill and Sullivan
mines at Kellogg, and the Hecla mine
and the Sunshine mine at Burke.
The local unions Of the international
Union Of Mine, Mill and Smelter Wor-
kers have these mines organized al
most 100 per cent. The operators are
using the few remaining n~on-union
miners in their desperate efforts to
block orders Of the regional labor board
to hold elections for employee repres-
entation at the mines in northern
Idaho.
Many Of these employers apparently
take the stand that they are bigger
than the United States government.
and are using some Of the spineless
boobs in their employ as decoys to do
their defiance of the government or
ders.