davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-23
|. L. d. Attorney Driven
Off Stand for Exposing
Cause of Lynch Terror
By MARGUERITE YOUNG
DAILY Worker Washington Bureau,

DAILY Worker Washington Bureau)
WASHINGTON, Feb. o.
Bernard AIDES, International
Labor Defense spokesman, was
thrown off the witness stand
in the Senate subcommittee
hearing on the Costigan- Wagner
"anti-lynching" bill, late yesterday.
after his militancy and wit had
drawn a round of applause from the
scores of Negro and white spectators.
Senator Dieterich, Illinois Demo-
TT. who earlier had forced James
w. Ford TO leave the stand before
-cra1let'ng his statement TO- the
League for Negro Rights, interrupted
AIDES declaration that lynching
springs from jim-crowism, rasping
Wait a mi'Ute, let's find out more
about you. Where are you from9"
Baltimore" AIDES answered.
But where were you born" Diet
rich sneered, the expectation of the
answer, Moscow" oozing from his
angry face.
81 was born in Baltimore" AIDES
smiled. Many in the crowd smiled
also.
What do you dor" Dieterich de-
manded.
I'm lawyer replied AIDES, who
defended Fuel Lee. about whose case
Dieterich had asked earlier.
How long?" Dieterich persisted.
"Ten years" AIDES replied mildly.
But what do you practice?"
Law"
By this time the audience was
smiling generally Dieterich, how
ever, Numbered that AIDES presence
was IAN insult to the law-abiding
colored population of my state. We
have several colored members OF the
State Legislature and have sent one
to the National Legislature. And
not one of them is Communist"
Denied Right To File Full Statement
That's unfortunate, AIDES COM
mented. The audience clapped until
Senator Van Nuys of Indiana, pre-
siding, called out, "Is that the SEN
timent Of the audience?" Then he
,urned to AIDES with, you said you
would speak in favor of the bill. You
haven't! You crashed the gate
You're discharged! !
May I file my statement with the
Comm1ttee?" AIDES asked, standing.
Chairman VanNuys Numbered, "Only
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-23
Draft Resolution for 9th Convention of the c. P u S. A.

bondage and misery OF the capitalist
system.
The United States is most favor
able for the establishment of Social
ism. Its large scale concentrated in
dustry and huge proletariat, its ac-
cumulated wealth and productive
forces with the enormous supplies Of
raw material, provide the material
basis for quick change in the life
and conditions of the country. If
the workers will take power, they
will in a very short time radically
improve the life of all toilers-indus-
trial workers, farmers, white collared
workers, professionals, intellectuals,
ETC., providing high degree Of COM
fort and well-being for the toiling
masses.
But this tremendous wealth, these
gigantic productive forces, are locked
away from the masses. They are the
private property of small parasitic
capitalist class which has closed the
factories and locked the warehouses
to force growing tribute Of profits.
This paralysis Of economy in the
interests Of the profit of the ex-
ploiters at the cost OF the starvation
and degradation to the millions Is
enforced by the capitalist govern
ment with its police, military, courts,
and jails.
There is no way out Of the crisis
except by breaking the domination
and rule of the monopolist capitalist
class and taking the road pointed out
by the victorious working class Of
the Soviet Union. There is no way
out through the quackery of Roose-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-23
Senators Interrupt
AS AIDES Hits Social
Roots OF Lynching

what you have read"
Following is the complete state
ment AIDES prepared for the Com
mittee. He was introduced just
about midway, in his explanation of
the causes of lynching by the nervous
Senators squirming under his bril-
liant indictment Of the present social
system. He had taken the example
of open support of the lynchers by
the State Of Maryland as typical Of
the use of the State power to con-
done mob lynchingS and carry
through legal lynchings in the court.
His statement, barred by the Senate
subcommittee, follows:
Shows How Officials Aid and
Protect Lynchers
1.-THE recent lynchings in Maryland
were the result of an open policy Of
support Of lynching by the state gov
eminent. In Maryland as elsewhere,
attempt at murder is a crime but on
the various occasions on which mobs,
composed Of and led by, the best
citizens of that state attempted to
lynch Negroes the state authorities
calmly ignored the demand of our
organization and of others that the
would-be lyncherS be punished. In
the case Of Fuel Lee, in that Of
George Davis and in that of Page
Jupiter, the intention of the state
government to NOT punish lynchers
was made so evident that it was
quite natural that the same forces
should result in the lynching of
Iatthew williams and of George
Armwood."
Riddles FFame-up Charges against
ArmwoOd
AIDES then riddled the frame-up
charges against ArmWood and ex-
posed the maneuvers Of Gov. Richie
and other state officials, the coun-
ter-charges by them as to RESPONSE
)ility for the lynching Of Armwood,
and finally the release of the known
lynchers of Armwood.
Nov the whole affair is Off
cially closed" he declared, "and state
officials have openly stateE that
,ynching is necessary to protect
Maryland women.
State Propagates Lynching Spirit
However, the guilt of Maryland
state officials extends beyond their
connivance at lynching and their
failure to prosecute. Lynching is a
phenomenon that arises out of Ger
tain social conditions. These con-
:lit.o.1s ere social oStracism OF Ne
groes, segregation and jim-crowism.
CIT was at this point that AIDES was
interrupted by Senator Dieterich and
ordered off the Stand.-M. W
The idea, which has undoubtedly
permeated the poor white workers of
the Eastern Shore, that Negroes are
not entitled to trials as white men
are, grows out of the idea that Ne
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-23
vi. Building the Party

insure the secret functioning of the
factory nuclei while maintaining the
greatest contact with the masses in
the factories, preparing Immediately
cadres for underground work. While
preparing for illegality, the Party
must at the same time struggle
against every attack upon It's legal
rights through the development Of
mass struggles.
A Greater boldnesS must be shown
in the promotion of new cadres from
the ranks Of the workers, pushing
forward capable workers into leading
positions, particularly from among
native workers in the industries of
concentration. This applies not only
to the Party, but to the revolutionary
mass organizations. The task of
promoting cadres as well as the
urgent task Of raising the political
and theoretical level of the Party re-
quireS the more serious development
of District schools, weekend schools
particularly in the industrial sections
for employed workers, and strength
ening the national school.
81 The Daily Worker must still
further achieve its popularization,
establish functioning Workers
Advisory Committee composed Of
workers from the shops and unions,
establish and develop the closest con-
tact with the workers in the fac
tories, increase and improve work
erS correspondence, and make it a
central part Of the policy Of the en-
tire paper, and strengthen the DAILY"
rs the organizer and leader of the
mass struggles Of the workers, as a
builder Of the trade unions and I'M
0'7'r''aved orgo nizo tons, and of the
Party, and to a far greater ex-
tent bring forward and explain the
revolutionary program of the Party.
All Party organizations are obliged as
one Of their central tasks to build the
circulation of the Paper, to make it
known and strengthen its influence
particularly in the factories, among
workers on strikes, among the ranks
of the unemployed, and all mass
battles.
O. The foreign language press must
be extended, popularized and become
mass organs for the combating of
ationa1 separation. against fascist
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-23

y The key to the building Of the
Party has been given in decisions Of
the open Letter and in the control
tasks which stresses the roofing Of
the Party in the factories and in the
most important industries, winning
especially the native white and Ne
gro workers. This task remains in
full force and must be Immediately
carried through. Mass recruitment
must be undertaken in connection
with all our mass activities and
struggles and the fluctuations over
come through the improvement Of
all our work, especially the raising
of the political level and initiative
of the leadership Of the nuclei and
lower party organizations in the day
10 day struggles, and in the work Of
the fractions Of the mass organic
tons, particularly in the trade
unions, which must be built and con-
solidated. improvement of the inner
life of the Party and turning their
face to the mass struggles is a burn
ing necessity, to which all leading
organs must give their fullest atten-
ton, establishing direct personal
contact with the Party units and
lower party organizations. The build
ing of unit leadership, of section
committees, Strengthening them poll
tically, raising their initiative, de-
lnands that an end be put to the
tendency of monopolizing all political
work in the hands Of the top Or
ganizers and requires the develop
ment of real collective leadership
from the Central Committee down to
the units.
p An important part of the root
ing of the Party in the factories,
particularly as a means of increas-
ing our agitation among the factory
workers and in face of growing
danger of illegality, is the wide ex-
tension of popular shop papers is
sued in the name of the Party nue.
leus, in all fractions where Party
nuclei exist, taking up the partial
struggles Of the workers, and con-
Meeting them with the fight against
fascism and war and for the revolu-
tionary way out.
81 The Party must prepare to go !
underground. must tighten the dis
cipline Of the Party. combat spies, L
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-23
Gallagher Warns
OF Danger to Life
of Thaelmann
Continued from Page u

row for Toronto, Canada, where
A. E. Smith, general secretary
Canadian Labor Defense League
+ goes en- trial Monday for sedition.
"T'he first impression one gets from
seeing Torgler is that he has been
physically tortured even before the
trial. At the trial tt was brought out
and not even denied by the author
tiles that both Torgler and Dimitroff
had been kept in shackles for five
months while in prison"
Gallagher spoke of Dimitroff's mag
nit1cently courageous conduct, al
though in Nazi court surrounded by
Hitler's storm troopers.
Describes Court Scenes
"Dimitroff," Gallagher declared, SIS
one OF the outstanding revolutionary
figures in the whole world-a man
who would do honor to any country.
He is worshipped by the workers of
Europe, and whenever his name is
mentioned in any public meeting the
workers simply explode"
Although Gallagher had written
retainers from Dimitroff as well as
from his mother and sisters, the Am
erican labor attorney was not per-
mittsd to consult with him personally
even once.
Describing the Leipzig court, Gal
lagher said that no more than 100
persons could find places during the
trial, and these consisten entirely of
well-dressed members of the bour-
geoisie, in addition to the Nazi off,
Gals and storm troopers.
mo workers dared come near the
court, for if they did they would most
certainly be thrown into concentra-
ton camps. In Leipzig you could see
the burning eagerness of the workers
to demonstrate-but they knew what
the consequences would be. So they
came, one at time, and looked in
side the Windows-just so there'd be
workers around Torgler, Dimitrofi
and the other comrades.
"AS soon as the Nazi police spied
them, they would demand their pa
perS, and order them to move on"
Crude Perjuries
The crude character of the frame
up against the Communist defendants
was revealed time and again during
the trial, Gallagher said. "One Nazi
even had the gall to testify that Tor
gler had come to Hamburg a year
before Hitler took power and offered
him, the Nazi, $4,000 marks to set
fire to the Reichstag.
This driyel was played up in the
Nazi press, Of course, as we'll as the
other crude perjurieS of Goering and
the other Nazi chieftans."
Gallagher declared that there no
body doubts that the imbecile tool
Of the Nazis, Van der Lubbe, was
drugged during the entire course OF
the trial, 1t is almost equally GER
tain, he asserts, that Van der Lubbe's
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-23

ing to the countryside the advantages
of modern civilization and removing
the present burdens of agricultural
labor.
1t will establish state farms. 1t will
grant equal rights to the Negro peo-
pie and to the foreign born and the
right of self-determination for tina
Negroes in the black belt, cxtermin-
ating all forms of chauvinism and
establishing firm bonds of solidarity
and fraternity between the Negro
and white masses.
1t will grant full independence "a
Cuba, independence to the Philin.
pines and the colonies and semi.
colonies now oppressed by imperial.
ism. 1t will establish a fraternal Al.
lance with the great Socialist
brother state-The Soviet Union. and
through such an alliance of two
mighty socialist powers would create
an unshakable force for peace and
render a death blow to the world
system of imperialist oppression and
exploitation.
In view Of the tremendous reyolu.
tionary surge Of the masses Che
heroic revolutionary armed struggle
OF the Austrian workers, the general
strike in France, etc., the Congress
calls upon all Party members to In
crease their activity, discipline and
mass work, for the Bolshevist way out
OF the crisis, the way of the united
struggle Of the working class, march
ing hand in hand with all oppressed
for crushing the power of the ex.
ploiters and establishing the Soviet
power.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-23

spine was injured as result Of beat
lngs, and this is why he kept his
head dropped during the more than
II weeks of the proceedings, both in
Leipzig and in Berlin.
For time" Gallagher said, ivan
der Lubbe had a cold. He didn't
seem to have enough intelligence to
wipe his nose, and so his attorney
Seifert, the police and his interpreters
took turns in doing the job"
The only person who could have
told just who among the Nazis SUPER
vised the Reichstag arson was Van
der Lubbe, the LID. attorney said,
and his execution forever sealed his
lips The fact that the Nazis refused
to turn his body over to his family
who might have ordered an autopsy
performed = proves conclusively that
Van der Lubbe was dragged.
additional highlights Of the
Leipzig trial, as told by Gallagher,
will appear in tomorrow's issue Of
the Daily Worker.)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-23

propaganda carried on by American
fascists and those Of European coun-
tries, and be a means Of drawing the
foreign born workers into the main
stream Of the class struggle, the
Communist Party and the mass or
CARNATIONS, particularly the trade
unions.
There must be a wider issuance
and circulation of literature on cur
rent political problems and propa-
ganda pamphlets dealing with the
evolutionary way out OF the crisis.
The mass sale Of Communist htera-
lure must be a normal part of the
day to day activities of every Com
munist Party member.
D The building of the Party de-
''ands that the opportunist tendency
of hiding the face Of the Party, which
has frequently manifested itself espe-
cially in the trade union struggles
must be decisively overcome. The
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-23

Party must conduct q systematic
struggle against opportunisn, par
ticularly against right opportunism,
manifesting itself in the under
estimation of the revolutionary up
surge Of the masses, in an under
estimation of the depth of the CAPT.
talist crisis, as an absolute necessity
Tor educating and strengthening the
discipline and fighting capacity of
the Party. 1t must conduct a fight
against the still strong sectarian
tendencies Of the Party, expressed in
the still considerable paSSivity with
respect to revolutionary mass work,
and the resistance to the application
of the united front, particularly in
winning the workers in reforrnist or
CARNATIONS, etc. A relentless strug-
gle must be carried on against all
manifestations of the counter-revolu-
tionary conceptions Of the Trotskyite
and Loyestonite renegades and
against any liberal attitude towards
them.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-23


hearing on all N. r. A. codes begin
ming Wednesday and lasting until
March 5, followed by an economic
congress Of the leading bosses, has
been characterized in Washington ss
a fascist move"
Yeterday during the course Of Cen
eral Johnson's testimony before the
House Committee on Labor, on the
Connery Bill, Chairman Connery re-
marked that in some quarters the
March 5 meeting was being referred
to as the First Fascist Congress- In
the United States" because the March
5 meeting was restricted to the most
powerful industriaists who were to
have the last word on what the N.R.A,
would be.
In General Johnsons original an.
nouncement on the public hearings.
there is the statement:
This gathering together lat the
sO-called public hearings) Of all cri-
tical material is preliminary to q
conference, beginning on March 5,
of the authorities of some 500 in
dustries which are either under
codes or about to adopt codes. These
industries represent approximately
80 per cent of such employment in
this country as is under the N.R.A,"
Scab Bosses to Act
This indicates that after the blow
ing off of steam, as envisaged by Gen
eral johnson at the Public Hearings.
the most powerful corporations of the
MorganS, Fords, MELONS, Swopes,
RockefellerS, Du Points, and others,
would hold meeting to determine
what the bosses will Go about the
N.R.A. codes.
johnson himself referred to this as
an economic conference" The pub
lie hearings, it is General Johnson's
plan, is to show the temper OF the
working masses, and the petty-bour-
geoisie. Afterwards, the leading CAPT.
talists are to meet separately, with
the government officials, to determine
their line of strategy against the
WOrKlngclaSS.
1t is for this reason that the March
5 meeting is designated by various
Washington politicians as THE First
Fascist Congress"
There is no doubt that this "eco-
nomic congress of the most power
full bosses, most of whom have foisted
cOmDdnV unions on the uyorkarc will
deal with the question of increasing
the fascist measures of the MA,
such as giving more power to the
National Labor Board to break
strikes; the increase of monopoly and
price-raising features Of the N.RA.;
and the closer support Of the Roose-
welt government of company union
ism, as against the workers own o.
CARNATIONS.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-23
By CHARLES KRUMBEIN
New York District Organizer
ARTICLE III.
Rally the Unemployed and C.W.A.
Workers

Rally the Unemployed and C.W.A.
Workers
Another of our main tasks is much
more serious work among the unem-
ployed. We have still got the task
Of making every one of our unem-
ployed comrades see that his main
activity is to be an organizer of the
unemployed, becoming a member of
the Unemployment Councils and
building it SO that it becomes a real
mass organization. Our Party mem
bers in the trade unions and mass
organizations must give this question
much more attention than hereto
fore. Unemployment and social in
Surance is a more burning need than
ever and the masses are ready to
struggle for it. The struggle for Jobs
or adequate cash relief can be made
one of the best mobilizers of the
masses. Unity in the struggle for
relief and social insurance must be
one OF our main rallying cries. Work
among the C.W.A. workers and re-
lief workers must be intensified.
every Party member on these Jobs
beccrling an active organizer. All
the mass organizations under our
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-23
icor to Hold Reception /.
for Lord Marley, Sunday

NEW YoRK.-The Icor, together
with the Jewish mass organizations.
is arranging reception On Sun, Feb,
Is, at pm. for Lord Marley, deputy
speaker of the House Of Lords and
member of the British Labor Party,
who spent number of weeks in Bro
BidJaIl, where Jewish Socialist
Soviet Republic is being built.
Lord Marley will give report on
what he saw in Biro-Bidjan, in
answer to the lies spread by the
enemies Of the Soviet Union.
Sergei Radamsky, tenor, will render
a number of revolutionary songs,
All friends Of the Soviet Union are
urged to come and make this meeting
a demonstration for support of the
Soviet Union. Admission Csc, re-
served seats SOC. Icor, 79s Broadway.
New York, Room 514.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-23
Hathaway to Speak on
Revolution in Europe
at IrUing PIaza, Mar. 2

NEW, YORK.-Clarence Hath
away, editor of the Daily Worker,
will deliver a lecture entitled,
Revolution Knocks at the Door
of Europe" at Irving Plaza, II
Irving Place, on Friday, March 2.
at $3.50 p. m. under the auspices
of the Workers School.
Hathaway will deal specifically
with recent revolutionary events
in Austria, France, Spain and
other countries.
All proceeds from this lecture
will go to the benefit Of the Ma
tional Training School of the
Communist Party, which is now
in its seventh week, and to which
thirty-six members Of the Com
munist Party from all over the
country have been sent to be
trained for leadership In the
workers struggles.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-23

groes are not entitled to the same
treatment as white people in any
phase Of life. And this idea is nut
into their heads by the laws Of the
State Of Maryland. BY law in that
state, Negroes are segregated in
trains and boats. In the schools they
are either deprived Of education al
together or are accorded an inferior
education in jim-crow institutions in
which the Negro teachers, by law
receive less pay than white teachers
OF equal capacity. The jim-crowing
Of Negroes in hotels, theatres, res
turants, etc., is therefore, together
with the legal Jim-crowism in
schools, trains and boats, part of
the governmental policy Of Mary
land, q policy which includes the
natural result Of jin-crowism-
lynching.
Federal Government Also Supports
Jim-cr0wism
Unfortunately this situation may
not be remedied simply by placing
the U. S. government in authority.
We can, and we do, support federal
legislation on this subject without in
any way agreeing with the state
ment made here yesterday by DR..
Mitchell that this bill will abolish
lynching or even remedy conditions.
'The policy of the United States
government has also been a policy of
jim-crowism and therefore Of lynch
Va 80
signally failed to abide with his oath
to enforce the constitution including
the 14th Amendment. In the Con-
gresS Of the United States the south
ern states are represented as If the
Negroes were not deprived of the
right to vote and altho the situation
is notorious the government fails
either to enforce the right to vote or
to declare the elections illegal. Most
OF the southern states have peonage
laws by which the Negroes are pre-
vented from leaving their landlords
property while they are in debt to
him and during the recent floods on
the lower Mississippi this law was
enforced by federal troops.
Government Discriminate Against
Negroes
"In the current destruction of
southern crops under government di-
rection, the federal government
refuses to send the compensation
checks to Negro sharecroppers. Under
the new N.R.A. codes Negroes are
grossly Disseminated against. The
Illegal character of jim-nrow trains
in interstate commerce through the
southern states is carefully over
looked, alike by the attorney general
and by the Interstate Commerce
Commission. In the District of
Columbia, the capital city of the fed
eral government, there is open jim
crowism and even in the government
buildings, in the restaurants of this
very building in which we are meet
ing, Negroes are refused service.
There can be no doubt that jim
crowism is also the policy OF the
U. S. government. And it is out of
jim out Of these sinking
remnants of slavery, that lynching is
able to develop. :"