davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-09-06

erning commission He wants the
league to take action quickly.
GERMAN radio stations near
" the frontier beast
speeches dealing with the plebi-
scite. Adolf Hitler has addressed
the voters. Newspapers of all kinds
have flooded Saarbrucken, pub
fishing virtually nothing but plebi-
scite news and propaganda.
Walking through the main
streets of Saarbrucken today, one
would imagine the plebiscite was
to be held next week Long red
flags with the black swastika en-
blazoned in the center hang from
many windows.
The red, white and black flag of
the German reich is almost as
conspicuous. Crowds gather in
front of book store windows piled
high with copies of Hitler's "Mein
Kanlpf," biographies of Hitler
and his lieutenants, and pamphlets
urging return of the Saar to Ger
many.
Yet across the street one may
see displays of new anti-Fascist
books, pamphlets on the June 80
executions in Germany, and por-
traits of Max Braun, the Socialist
chief who is leading the campaign
for continuation of the Saar's
present status, as ward" of the
league.
CHOP windows are trimming
- with swastika pepnants and
armbands-as though for foot
ball game. They lend light
touch to a grim business.
The rising tide of excitement is
due to the element of uncertainty
that has crept into the plebi-
scite. Eighteen months ago every
political element in the Saar ap-
peared to favor return to Ger
many, and an overwhelming ma
jority for that decision was pre-
dicted.
Today, with the rise to power Of
Hitler, strong opposition has
been formed from the Socialists
and Communists and many Catho-
lies, all combining in one cause
to prevent the Saar's incorporation
into the third reich.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-09-06

This lack Of control by the fed
Grafton over its member unions
has contributed to the difficulty
of suppressing racketeering and IN
settling disputes over which union
shall do a certain kind of work.
The federation is "of labor"
Labor built it, fostered it, sup
ports it, and runs it. The criti-
cism of the federation formerly
made. that it had been unable or
unwilling to organize the mass of
unskilled labor, is less valid today.
The rush to organize semi
skilled and unskilled workers III
mass production industries under
the A. F. of L. is shown by the
great rise in federal unions under
its banner.
These pay dues directly to the
federation. which supervises their
affairs. gives direction and advice,
and guarantees support.
THESE federal unions" are not
Il a new device in the fedora
ton. They date back to the con-
test with the Knights of Labor.
when the A. F. of L. had to take
such a step to avoid the stigma
of being exclusive" and against
the unskilled worker.
The federation has a constitu-
ton which fixes the objects of
its work and the powers of it's Of
ficers and constituent unions. But
the final authority lies in the an
nual convention, opening this year
on Oct. l at San Francisco. Dele
gates attend from national and in
national unions, city centrals,
state declarations.
The number of votes of dele
gates is so arranged that in the
past it has always given domi-
nance to the old international I'M
ions, which vote in proportion to
membership, while central bodies
and federal unions generally have
one vote apiece.
Between conventions, authority
rests with the executive council of
eleven members. which, practically
speaking. acts for the federation,
subject to the check of the con-
vention. The president, who
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-09-06


approximately four months away,
it's population lives from day to
day in a state of nervous excite
ment-torn by conflicts between
their patriotic, religious and polit-
ical convictions.
Every known form of modern
propaganda, even including some
acts of terrorism and intimidation,
is being used to sway Saar voters.
So intense has become the fight
for votes that even now the League
of Nations high commissioner for
the Saar, Godfrey Knox, has de-
manded and is recruiting a "neu-
trail police force" to keep the
peace.
Mr.. Knox has charged, as well.
that Berlin is interfering-that
the Hitler government has sought
to intimidate officials of the gov
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-09-06
Today S Science
= BY DAVID DIETZ

DIFFERENTIATION of the educational division of
II the American Chemical Society to revise and
mOdernize the teaching Of elementary chemistry IN
the nations schools serves TO focus attention upon
how rapid the growth of chemical knowledge has
been since the beginning Of the century and par
ticularly in the last decade
The foundation for an understanding of chemical
reactions was laid in 1887 when the great Swedish
chemist Svante August Arrhenius put forward his
theory Of "electrolyc association Until that time
there had been great difficulty in understanding the
behavior Of solutions of various salts and other sub
stances in water
Arrhenius advanced the idea that when these
substances were dissolved in water. their molecules
ASSOCIATED or separated into constituent parts.
which he called ions. An ion might be single atom
or group of atoms, but it always differed from an
atom in the ordinary state in that it showed evil
dence OF being electrified.
a S an illustration of Arrhenius' law. let us take
N some chemical compound. for example. sodium
nitrate Each molecue OF this compound consists Of
an atom Of sodium, atom Of nitrogen and three
atoms Of oxygen.
In solution. this salt onizeS. TO the technical
term. or splits into two ions. One consists of the
sodium atom and constitutes sodium ion. The
other constituents Of the molecule hang together
and form a nitrate ion.
The sodium ion exhibits positive electric charge.
whereas the nitrate ion exhibits negative electric
charge. once tins was understood it was possible 70
give adequate explanation Of why chemical ele-
mentS combined TO form the compounds they did
But the explanation OF the underlying mechanism
OF Onization had wait for the development of the
electrOn theory Why the sodium ion became posi-
lively electrified and why the nitrate ion became
negatively electrified could not be explained until it
was established that atoms we're composed of cleo
irons
Most readers who absorbed their high school
WI chemistry prior to 1915 Will recall that they
we're not given this simple explanation Of onization
in their high school courses No attempt was made
IN those DAYS 10 let students OF that into the
secret Of the existence of the electron. 1t was felt
too complicated a subject for them
No doubt there places today where no at
tempt is made TO teach the electron theory TO high
school students Of science.
The educational division of the American Chem
tca Society is certain that nowhere is the eemen-
tsry instruction chemistry abreast the latest de-
equipments Of chemical theory.
These developments have been rapid. as readers
q this column know. for IL has been my effort to
keep them informed Of what has happened in
atomic research.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-09-06

garded by employers much as the
Communists are regarded today.
Refusing to be brought into di-
rect political alliances, the feder-
alton has eXerted a continuous in
f1uence in politics, nevertheless.
It's lobbying has been factor in
many reforms, its vote has de-
feated many an anti-labor poll
tician, and its impress has been
left on every phase of American
life.
Il
THE trade union idea of an ex-
Il elusive, highly skilled craft,
reached perhaps its highest de-
velopment, oddly enough, outside
the federation. That is in the
four brotherhoods of skilled rail-
way workers, the Brotherhood of
Locomotive Engineers, the Order
of Railway Conductors, the Broth
erhood of Locomotive Firemen and
Enginemen, and the Brotherhood
of Railroad Trainmen. At their
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-09-06
Three SHARE
APPLE AWARDS
Johnson Orchards Win Nine
FirStS in Division at
State Fair.

M L. Gordon, the johnson
orchards, and Theodore Romine
split the majority of the awards in
the apple collection judging of the
horticulture division of the Indiana
state fair.
The johnson orchards won nine
firsts.
Commercial varieties of apples
shown at the fair brought fairly
even division of prizes between
Clarence I. Bowers, Minnie L. Davis,
Mark Byers, M. l.. Gordon, Mr.. Ro-
mine, the johnson orchards. and Ell
mer Eyer.
Mr.. Bowers got four drsts in the
peach classes.
Frank E. Clanin was high in pear
exhibits with three firstS and Mr..
Bowers captured three blue ribbons
for plums. Richard c. Spaugh won
the grape exhibits while the plate
championship on ounces went to
Mr.. Clanin.
The bushel of apples was awarded
to Mr.. Rohine.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-09-06

peak, they represented some half
million workers.
Pioneers here were the engi-
neers, who won and more or less
merited the name of "aristocratS
of labor" They are highly
skilled, highly trained, highly Or
ganized workers, who built a
benevolent society THE Brother
hood of the Footboard" into one
of the richest and greatest labor
organizations the world ever saw.
Efforts to unite the brother
hoods with the A. F. of L. have
been made repeatedly, but never
succeeded. Difficulties in ANAL
gamating the A. F. of L. Switch
mems Union with the trainmen,
and failure of the brotherhoods
to support the federation shop
mems strike have been points of
friction.
The engineers are best known
to the public for their recent ILL
fated excursion into capitalism.
Under the leadership of Warren
S. Stone, the brotherhood organ
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-09-06
Those Double filters

THE victims who include journalists, coaches
graduate managers and experts in physical
training and diet employed to count the flakes
and peer at the tongues of young college athletes
do not get to bed until about in the morning They
get to bed about the time those rosy fingers part
ing the curtains of the east and detached strains
of "Cayuga'S Waters and "On Wisconsin" still rise
in faint dying beatS through this transom and that
the reunion subsidies.
There follows brief period of coma and then,
about 7, all merry and bright and agow with health
and good spirits, the cooks down below begin to fry
ham and eggs and potatoes The fumes rise up and
seep through the windows of rooms where pitiful
objects lie tossing beds of pain The motor traffic
the post road thckenS and it thickens it raises
a squawk of horns and rumble of motors which
also emit fumes. The boys with the pennants and
buttons, balloons and horns take up their positions
along the curb uttering cries of trade. 1t is very
repugnant.
Male nightingales who have saved little nbble
of something in the bottom of pint from the night
before begin to fit from to giving
There calls for canned tomatoes which are said
to be good for such trouble although it is we'll known
that nothing really does any good but time and
ture. There calls for aspirin and bromides and
doctors The patient lies there, assaied by smells
and sounds and heat His brow is clammy, his legs
do not seem to belong to him and he would like to
get up and if he move but is afraid to do so
before the coroner has had a chance to view the
body
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-09-06

draws $4,000 a year and travel
ing expenses, is the actual leader
of this labor army.
The federation always has fol-
lowed the lines laid down by Sam
ueI Gompers, who led it so long
that he became a sort of personal
incarnation of American labor. 1t
is due to his influence that the
federation has always steered
clear of political entanglements.
1t is due to him that it has
had a sound financial policy that
enabled it to survive severe de-
pressions in '93, 'O5, 81, and '29.
IT is due to him that 1t has
Il stayed close to its practical
view of detectives, always working
for the next objective of higher
wages, shorter hours, and better
conditions, rather than fixing its
eyes exclusively on some far-ott
idealistic goal.
Mr.. GomperS is accused OF nav
ing had no higher ideal than was
expressed by the slogan "More!"
But the untruth of this is best
shown by the prophetic WORDS he
spoke many years ago, before
democracy, before thirteen mil
lion unemployed, before NRA: so
long as there is one man who
seeks employment and can not OBJ
tain it, the hours of labor are too
long!"
The early years of the A. F. OF
L. were so occupied in fighting for
its own existence that it is not
surprising if its social view was
not the broadeSt.
The first great A. F. of L. strike,
that of the Amalgamated Associa-
ton of Iron and Steel Workers in
1901, was lost, but by rallying pub
lie support the federation helped
the United Mine Workers to win
coal strike in 1902 in which the
elder ]. P. Morgan himself had to
compromise.
But A. F. of L. policy has always
been to negotiate first and to
strike only if that fails.
In its earliest days it was re-
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-09-06

lied bank, bought coal mines,
developed a Florida City (Venice),
planned to enter chain store, steel,
hotel and mail order businesses
it had some seventy firms under
its control at one time.
1t was bitterly accused in 1924
by the United Mine Workers of
conducting its Coal River collierieS
on a nonunion basis.
But these labor business projects
went, many of them, the same
way as similar capitalistic projects
the engineer-investorS lost their
money, and the brotherhood Suf-
fered in money losses and in pres
tige.
The Locomotive Engineers
marked the high point IN exclusive
skilled craft unioniSm. But other
forces we're at work in the ranks
of labor.
NEXT-The radicals try to cap
ture the unskilled worker. The
"WObblies," the Communists, and
the minor labor elements.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-09-06
It's Different NOW

THE Washington journalists here attending the
Il President, who lives great estate five miles
up the Post road of course do not know what these
old walls could tell them if these old walls could
speak. They different breed of cats from the
sport journalists They make merry their own
time in their restrained, dgnified way but there
wives along and moreover nobody ever knows what
hour of the day or night something will pop having
to do with the intrcacies of the New Deal You have
to have clear head on you to understand the New
Deal and even then you don't.
They have a bar in the house now. 1t is down
the cellar The bar sort of spoils things 1t makes
everything so accessible and not quite worth while.
On regatta nights there no bar, but the late
Legs Diamond dealing merchandise in this re-
gion. His agents would respond to package calls or
you could gather in little sagging frame house
down by the river where they sold Legs Diamonds
beer by the dish and furnished sailed peanuts free
There were seaweed and polywogs in Legs Da-
mond's beer. You don't get that good old seaweed
and polyWog beer any more these days. That was
singing beer. This is common talking beer People
sit around and talk about the 2oosevelts and the
New Deal and whether things going bust or not
and sometimes Mr.. Mcintyre sits down and drinks
quiet crock two and also talks about the Roose
velts and the New Deal and whether things are 60
ing bust not. He is RooSevelt-crazy of course,
and does not think things are going bust. 1t is along
toward dinner time now, but there is no good song
ringing clear and those presents feeling pain.
Hangover hall is not the same.
Copyright, 1884 by United Feature Syndicate IncJ
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-09-06
BY WILLIS THORNTON
MA Service stan Writer

WASHINGTON Sept Federation great
w which 100000 American women have
asst S exactly what its implies
pumpkin It's origins purely American
policies always been Snt protecting American labor
supporting institutions few into inter-
always been half-heared and
of 108 national
10000 unions The
fifteen ongestabshd powerful craft
in highly skilled trades
united the association member high
independence running their affairs
The A. L. offers support moral and probably financial
nothing actual conduct of strike offer
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-09-06

the impassive doors along the corridors of the new
Nelson along about 8 in the morning and from then
on until noon is something which would make any
other throes which you could name off-hand seem
frivolous and nice. I have to admit that they suf-
fer very intensively in the Mohican at New London
on boat day in the morning
But, as who has suffered in both places as
we'll in various world series hotels and prize
fighters training camps, give my expert Judgment
that the patients in Poughkeepsie at regatta time
out-suffer them all, per capita in the aggregate or
any other way you care to score the event.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-09-06


Despite all this, however. a
stroke of the Roosevelt pen left
General johnson with an empty
hand and Mr.. Ickes with an I'M
expected and not particularly
wanted Public Works baby on his
doorstep.
1t has been a little over one
year since this happened. The
PWA now is employing about g.
100 900 men. 1t is dishing out
some s4O,00O000 a week, not in
mere allotments but in actual
cash expenditures for labor. ma
terial. transportation. 1t is operat-
ing at its peak.
The story of how this peak was
reached is fascinating.
IckeS began with no organiza-
ton at all. He had a couple of
assistants, S3.3OO,OOO,0OO to spend
and several thousand people
clamoring outside his door.
The people wanted two things.
About half wanted public works
money, the other half wanted
public works political jobs.
The situation regarding the lat
ter was complicated by the fact
that Emil Hurja, Jim Farleys
Man Friday, was planted with
desk in PWA as patronage car,
and his ideas on politics did not
always coincide with Mr.. Ickes'
ideas on efficiency.
THE situation was complicated
Il by the fact that every one with
a pet idea came to Mr.. Ickes to
finance il. There was the pro-
poSal TO build island seadromes
across the Atlantic. There was
the man who wanted to build a
great travelling belt across the
United States to transport pas
SengerS at the rate of one hum
dred miles an hour; the man who
wanted to build a mile-high cir
cular tower on the Nebraska
prairieS so that automobile tour
lists could drive up and see the
landscape; and finally the town
of four thousand population which
wanted to build a one-thouSand-
bed maternity hospital-supposed-
ly a Self-liquidating project.
HAVING spent or allocated all
Il i but a few paltry millions of
his $500. 900. 900. Mr.. Ickes now is
in the position of the banker who
can sell his PWA bonds to the
public and use the money to
finance more public works. This
he is permitted to DO under the
law, selling the bonds through the
RFC.
The first sale was made the
other day.
Jesse Jones. RFC chairman. is
not required by law to sell the
bonds unless he wants TO. And he
looked them over rather quizz-
ically.
Finally he put them on the
market. sold the whole batch
above par, made a net profit Of
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-09-06
Astronomy Course Slated

DR.. Frank Welcher, Indiana uni
versity extension division chemistry
instructor. will present series of
six illustrated lectures on popular
astronomy at the extension, Penn
sylvania and Michigan streets, be-
ginning at 7:30 p. m, Sept. IS. it
was announced today.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-09-06
INDIANA CENTRAL TO
OPEN SESSIONS MONDAY
Largest Freshman Enrolment in
History Expected.

AAIotOA LAPCNENNs
Indiana Central college will begin
its thirteenth annual school year
Monday with what is expected TO be
the largest freshman enrolment in
its history
In addition to the day classes, reg
uIar courses in eighteen studies will
be offered on Tuesday and Thurs
day nights. Offices IN the admin
istration building are open daily
from 8 to 5.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-09-06
H.Joemg bM
By
Haywood BROUN

OUTSIDE Of Mark Sullivan and maybe Mrs
~ Hoover I suppose nobody likes Herbert Clark
Hoover And 50 I feel that in all fairness should
acknowledge the debt which owe him My financial
status being what % IS doubt whether II will
be paid. But the obligation ought to go with others
on the record. Herbert Clark Hoover may be the
means Of my salvation.
All my life have wanted to hate somebody and
% hate him hard and continue 70 hate him. Through
a lack Of character. I always have fallen short Of
my goal OF course persons in public life and close
acquaintance have angered and annoyed me on
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-09-06

smart costume shoppe off the
lobby.
In the sports department OF
the newspaper business, it is
membered as a house of woe
and referred to as Hangover
hall. It is unlikely that any
other hotel in the United
States ever has housed as
much anguish per cubic foot of
contents as the Nelson house,
old and new, unless it could be
the Mohican at New London.
Conn.
At regatta time in June of
the year, which is a very hot,
muggy time in the folds of
these Rip Van Wrinkle hills, the
suffering which goes on behind
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-09-06

numerous occasions
At least twice a month ] say
70 myself. why that -"
But while I still am trying to
think Of Just the right epithet,
my anger evaporates. Some
thing reminds me Of the fact
that the gentleman in question
plays a nice game Of bridge or
has been singularly generous to
his aunt in Scarsdale.
There's so much good in the
best Of us" I murmur 10 myself
recoIlecting an old poem Of
Ella Wheeler Wilcox and pass
on to other things.
ffoSt devastating Of all in the
destruction Of my hatreds has
Deen the thing called the
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-09-06
Fair Enough
by
WESTbRO0K PEd[ER

DOUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y, Sept. 6.-The Washing-
L ton journalists who covering President
Roosevelts capital the secret service detail
the photographers the telegraph crew and Marvin
Mcintyre the boss secretary are stopping in hotel
on the main street of Poughkeepsie. otherwise the
Albany Post road This is very old hotel-the tee-
phone operator Just said, oh, Lord, don't know
how old it really is'-orignally known as the Nelson
house 1t has been rejuvenated They even have
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-09-06
Questions and Answers

o-when did Francesca Ruggieri make violins7
A-From 1868 70 ITO.
o-What does ncnchalant mean7
A-Unmoyed, indifferent. cool
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-09-06
DAILY WASHINGTON
MERRY-GO-ROUND
-Bv DreaO Pearson and Robert S. Allen

WASHINGTON Cit either accident inu
w tive which Harold ckes director
of the Administration.
General the job his picked the
to
blaming this Mr. Ickes
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-09-06
BY WALLACE CARROLL

AARBRUCKEN Sept 6Ihe tension that prevails wherever an
national cleo
but it tension that holds far
htical dynamite.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-09-06

Freudian approach" 1 am reminded that the sub
Jet Of my dislike was an only child born in Keokuk
and made To wear a black velvet suit with white
lace collar up to the age of TO- Perhaps can't agree
with the gentleman's views Of the tariff. but when
all the factors are considered must admit that he
behaved sincerely and that he meant we'll