davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1934-04-07
Unemployment Insurance
Faces Vigorous Debate

: observes the Newport News CVa)
Daily Press, 1T is believed that the
on seasons in industry and the ups
and downs in business will be mini
mlZed." The Daily Press also warns:
1T must be distinctly understood that
unemployment insurance is a scheme
OF deferred payment for services
rendered and by no means a provision
whereby man receives something
for nothing. The loyal. honest en-
ploye who has his employers interest
at heart will, under the terms of the
unemployment insurance. remain un-
der the protecting arm of the enter
prise Of which he is vital part"
The Wagner proposal" according
to the Philadelphia Public Ledger
would put S per cent tax on en-
ployers' pay rolls. to be remitted in
case their State Legislature pass en-
ployment insurance laws to which
they must conform and in propor-
tion to their payments into the fund
The support given to this measure
by the administration seems incon-
sistent with its purpose to revive in
duStry and business so that wages
|
The additionally heavy burden it
would impose Is a matter Of simple
arithmetic"
THE President approves a blu"
states the Philadelphia Evening Bulle-
tin, which would levy a Federal tax
on pay rolls for the benefit of the
unemployed, with provision that any
sums employers pay to State unem-
ployment insurance funds shall be
deductible. One effect of this would
be to impose a new burden on indus
try when it is struggling to carry
other unusual loads. The bill would
also open the way, by precedent, to
other forms Of Federal coercion Of
States, being in effect club to force
them to immediate action on unem-
ployment insurance"
1ndorsing the theory Of the meas
ure, the Muskegon Chronicle holds
that in practice 'it would constitute
the most magnificent political grab
bag ever devised by the mind Of
man." while the Salt Lake Deseret
News feels that the bill makes GER
tain that every State shall adopt the
plan," and the Lowell Courier Citizen
doubts that employers, with industry
or business at stake. will submit
tamely to being stripped Of much
voice in handling their own affairs"
The Miami Herald fears that such
bill might end all incentive to
industry"
1T is likely to become one of the
most widely debated measures ever
before the American public" states
the Nashville Banner. while the
Wichita Eagle concludes: Several
prominent industrialists already have
said that the per cent tax is too
high for industry, which is now bear
Ing an excessive tax burden. Pro-
ponents of the measure answer that
the tax would not begin until July
l. 1896, and by that time industry
can afford to begin building safe
guards against the terrible unemploy-
ment punishment America has been
taking since $780,"
Evening star., 1934-04-07
A Small But Strong Army.

Army day, yesterday, was appropri-
ately chosen by Secretary Of Var
Dern for a terse restatement Of the
United States military policy. as far
as the strength of its land forces is
concerned. Addressing the Military
Order of the World War, he declared
that a small, but highly efficient.
thoroughly mechanized Army, with
the latest and best equipment, Is our
indispensable and irreducible min
imum.
True to its democratic traditions,
Secretary Dern pointed out. the
United States Army of l27,000 men is
comparatively unimportant as to size,
ranking seventeenth, along with those
of Greece and Portugal, among the
armies of the world. The prime ne
cessity, under these conditions. is that
the Army be kept at all times on a
peace-time basis, permitting quick,
efficient and economical expansion
into a wartime establishment in case
of an emergency. To that policy the
Government is committed.
Secretary Dern draws vivid pic
ture Of Army mechanization. Cav
alrymen" OF the future will travel in
swift motor cars. Artillery will be
drawn by motor vehicles. Infantry
men, to avoid being machire-gun
fodder" for the enemy. must be put
into tanks and armored cars. These
developments may deprive the modern
field army of some of the traditional
picturesqueness OF the military call
ing. but they make for safety, Sc
curity and fighting efficiency, which
are, after all, the main considerations.
The units Of our modern Army
which paraded through Pennsylvania
avenue on Army day supplied graphic
and gratifying evidence that our land
defense force is being maintained on
up-to-date lines and keeping step
with ever-changing developments in
military science. If that principle is
perpetuated. and there is no penny
wise, pound-foolish retrenchment at
the expense of the r. o. T. c. and C.
M. T. C. systems, Uncle Sam should
be assured of q constant Army nu-
cleus. capable of conversion and ex-
tension on sudden notice into the
vastly larger needs of a war-footing
establishment.
Evening star., 1934-04-07
Member Of the Associated Press,
Fixing the Tax Rate.

When the House Appropriations
Committee reported the District bill
last April it eliminated the provision,
carried in several preceding District
bills, forbidding the Commissioners to
reduce the tax rate. The committees
explanation was that this provision
has been eliminated, it being legisla-
tion"
Two separate efforts were made on
the floor, when the measure was under
discussion. to amend the bill by in
serting a provision making it man
datory on the part Of the Commits
sioners to reduce the tax rate. Points
of order were made against these
amendments as legislation on an ap-
preparation bill. and these points of
order were sustained.
If. as reported, the House committee
this year proposes to write into the
bill a legislative rider directing the
Commissioners to reduce the tax rate
from $3.50 to $l20, that provision
will be subject to the same point of
order.
The tax rate should be fixed by the
Commissioners and not by the House.
According to the law Congress levies
"for each and every fiscal year sue
ceeding that ending June 80, 1927, a
tax at such rate on the real and
personal property subject to taxation
in the District of Columbia as
will, when added to the other taxes
and revenues of the District, produce
money enough" to meet the appropria-
tions charges, land the Commission
ers are hereby empowered and di-
rected by Congress to ascertain, de-
termine and fix annually such rate
of taxation as will, when applied as
aforesaid, produce the money
needed"
From the figures produced by the
auditor, it is obvious that tax re-
duction now will be made at the ex-
pense Of needed public improvements
and as a gesture in defense of lump
sum reduction. But aside from this.
the annual fixing of the tax rate is
function Of the Commissioners
which should not be left to the
caprice or whims of legislative riders
on appropriation bills.
Evening star., 1934-04-07

of anti-tuberculosis work. and an
early agreement is necessary If the
needs Of the District are to be pre-
sented adequately to Congress.
The medical society's report on the
deplorable conditions here has al
ready borne fruit. 1t has succeeded
in bringing action from the Com
missioners which is destined, 1t is
hoped. effectively to combine the
community forces which hitherto have
worked more or less independently
That is highly important in organ
izing for the fight against common
foe which for the time being seems
to have gained the upper hand.
Evening star., 1934-04-07

| public library Of the University Of On
ford, so called from Sir Thomas Bod
ley, who restored 1t toward the close
of the sixteenth century, many Of the
previous collections Of books and
manuscripts having been destroyed
during the reign of Edward vi. Be-
sides restoring the building and pro-
viding fund of $4,000 for the pur-
chase of books, he presented COL
| lection which was valued at $50 900,
and left an estate for the mainten-
ance of officers and for keeping the
library in repair.
Q. What was "the shot heard
round the world"?-F. B.
A. 1t was the first shot fired in
the battle Of Concord and Lexington.
Q. When were horseshoes first
used?-G. B.
A. The ancients were so impressed
Dy the damage done to horses hoofs
that they devised certain forms of
covering Tor them Qn the shape of
SOCKS or sandals. The practice of
nalllng iron plates or rimshoes to the
hoof does not appear to have been
introduced earlier than the second
century B. c., and was not commonly
known till the close of the fifth CEN
tury A. D., or in regular use till the
Middle Ages.
@. With whom and when did John
D. Rockefeller form the Standard Oil
Co.?-J. o. G.
A. In June, 1870. John D. Rocke-
feller combined all his companies into
one-the Standard Oil Co. The fol-
lowing men were associated with him:
Henry M. Flagler. Samuel Andrews,
Stephen V. Harkness and William
Rockefeller.
O. What is the game known to the
French as lutte?-D B.
A. Translated into English, it Is
wrestling.
Q. For whose funeral did Mozart
write "Requiem"?-P M. s.
A. He wrote it for Count Franz von
Walsegg of Ruppach. who had lost his
wife Anna, and wished to perform
requiem for her memory. How
ever, 1t is we'll known that Mozart
imagined he was writing the Re-
at that time. He died shortly after
ward from that illness. 1t was his last
work and he did not finish 1t. 1t was
completed by SusSmayer.
@. Are the Nobel and Pulitzer
prizes in literature awarded for GER
tain specified books?-L. G..
A. The Nobel prize is awarded for
liter prize is awarded for a specified
novel
A. When did the Government first
pay pensions to Revolutionary War
Veterans?-C. r. S. .--.
A. The Continental Congress, after
the terrible Winter Of l778-79 passed
the first act Of our Congress looking
to pensions for service. but this to
officers only. During the 80 years
following the Revolutionary War at
no time were more than 800 names
on the pension rolls and the annual
expense did not reach sl20,000. Then,
in 1918, Congress passed a law, the
flrst OF the so-called service pension
laws granting to each surviving SOL
dier Of the Revolutionary War who
had served to the end of the war, or
for a period of nine months, and if
in need Of subsistence for support. the
sum of So each month.
O. How much money is invested in
the tax-exempt securities in the
United States?-J. NJ. M.
A. According to recent study on
tax-exempt securities by Senator Lon
ergan. the outstanding securities in
the United States totally tax exempt
were estimated at $1,000 o00, 900 and
issues exempt from normal taxes
only were estimated at approximately
$4,000 100000, making a total of
$4,000 600, 900 in some form Of Fed
eral tax-exempt securities
Evening star., 1934-04-07

Unemployment insurance under the
provisions OF the Wagner-Lewis bill,
which has been indorsed by President
Roosevelt. is an unsettled question
In the views of the press.
The bill levies per cent tax on
pay rolls to provide compensation in
cases OF unemployment. and would
make certain adjustments when States
have such insurance. on which en-
ployers would be obliged to pay. Thus
all industry would be equalized in
carrying the burden Of expense. OBJ
JectionS to the proposal center on the
burden that it is said would be placed
on industry and on the bureaucratic
nature of the enterprise
Declaring that reserve funds for the
purpose should not be undertaken
until a reasonable degree of prosperity
Is restored" the ST. Paul Pioneer Press
says: THE unique problem of this
country arises from the fact that al
though the State governments are
the logical units to undertake unem-
ployment insurance, and perhaps
legally the only ones that can do so
effectively. there must be uniformity
OF method applying simultaneously
throughout all 4S States. Otherwise
industries in some States would have
great competitive advantages over
competitors in other States, due either
to lighter charges for unemployment
reserves or freedom from them alto
gether. The Wagner-Lewis bill at
temps to meet this difficulty by setting
up Federal uniform tax on industry
for unemployment insurance, with a
remission in proportion to whatever
amounts may be paid to State or COM
pany insurance funds. The load there
fore would fall on all equally"
1t is pointed out by the Wisconsin
State Journal (Madison) that "unem-
ployment insurance Is recognized by
leading economists as necessity" and
this paper urges that ut is only right
that industry should give some pro-
lection to employees that are laid of
through no cause for which they are
responsible" The terms Of the bill
are stated by the Shreveport Journal
to be 1.-The only way successfully to
meet the long time unemployment
problem" and it concludes: THE
argument for the proposed insurance
is the simple one that it is matter
Of social Justice"
Asserting that Nation wide system
could be created in two years, the
Denver Rocky Mountain News con-
tinues: "Of all industrial nations ours
alone leaves to costly, humiliating and
random handouts the relief Of indus
try's casuals. As President Roosevelt
says, this Is q practice that necessity
will compel us to change to very
substantial degree The time to start
changing it is now"
by establishing a steady pay roll"
Evening star., 1934-04-07

1t has been almost habit to brag
about the bargain this Nation got
when it bought Alaska. Japan hastens
with proper assurances that the Mikado
is no aspiring realtor with ulterior
motives for getting the land even
more cheaply. Cherry blossoms along
the Potomac are late this year, but
they have not lost their friendly
significance.
Evening star., 1934-04-07

bequest which was responsible for the
Smithsonian Institution, since he
never visited this country. Miss
Hackney has drawn heavily on likeli-
hood and imagination for the episodes
of her novel, but she has nowhere
violated the general truth Of the
eighteenth century background or the
individual background Of Smithson.
All the facts obtainable she has used.
She searched the records of Penn
broke, Smithson's college at oxford,
but found only meager information.
The story will be Of interest to many
WaShingtonians.
Evening star., 1934-04-07

A glance backward through historic
pages will reveal a startling number
Of problems which had to remain un-
settled while business went on its
customary course. The world has
been full OF Hamles who protested
that the times were out of Joint
Each felt 1t his mission to set them
right, but none ever succeeded In
doing SO.
Evening star., 1934-04-07
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS :
BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN.

@. How many cities operate their
own automobiles for city use?-H. T.
A. OF 80 cities reporting, about 40
per cent operate their own cars. About
60 per cent make allowances for use
Of privately owned cars for city busi-
ness.
@. How many radio stations are
there in Great Britain?-G. w. v.
A. There are at present eight radio
broadcasting stations in England, two
in Wales, two in Scotland and one in
Northern Ireland. Two more are
under construction in England.
@. May questions be sent in on
post cards?-J. A.
A. Post cards should not be used
unless of a type which provides for
q reply. Coin or stamp should be sent
in the letter to pay return postage.
The information is free, but the in
quirer is asked to pay the return post
age. Address Frederic j. Haskin. di-
rector. Washington. d. c.
Q. Is there a divining rod for ra-
dium?-H. A. H.
A. The Bureau Of Standards reports
that q radium detector has been per-
fected but it is not for use in finding
radium deposits in the earth. Radium
used in hospitals is contained in mi
mute quantities in hollow needles.
These are so small that they are
sometimes lost or mislaid. A detector
ho ri, iS
employed in finding the misplaced
radium.
@. How Is the Berkshire Industrial
Farm at Canaan, N. Y, supported?
". c.
A. 1t is supported by voluntary con-
tributions. 1t tries to care for $50
boys who come from destitute or
broken homes, whose environment and
companions are turning them toward
delinquency and CRIME.
O. Who is considered the best clown
in EurOpe?-J. w.
A. Adrian Wettach, Swiss Jew,
who is known to the world of enter
tainment as Crock, is acclaimed as
the funniest clown in Europe and as
the worlds greatest clown. At SO. he
owns one of the most sumptuous villas
in the world. 1t Is on the Italian
Riviera. His career started when he
was II. and at IS he had become a
celebrity.
@. How many commercial airmall
flyers were killed while on duty last
year?-M. B.
A. The total number Of pilot fatal
tiles for the year 1888 in scheduled
air transport service was eight. There
were four pilot fatalities from January
to June. 1888. and four from July to
December.
@ Is there kind Of concrete which
will f1Oat?-B. B. s.
A The Portland Cement Associa-
ton says that there is kind of con-
crete made that Is lighter than water
The concrete is serated by aluminium
powder. The mixture is cement. sand
water and aluminium powder. Blocks
made by this formula will float.
@. What has the c. c. C. accom-
plished in Death Valley?-L. T. M.
A. The men working on the prof.
ect have dug wells and located
springs at advantageous points all
through the region. They have also
developed an extensive system Of truck
trails, totaling 200 miles of complete
roadway from which foot trails will
lead tc springs. The park is being
further improved by the development
of modern tourist accommodations
and improvement in recreational ia
cilities.
@. Are there many women who are
veterinarians?-B. B.
A. OF the 1883 veterinary sur
geons reported in the 1880 census,
only IL we're women.
@. Why Is the Bodleian Library so
named?-C. M.
A. The Bodleian Library is the
Evening star., 1934-04-07

Only sixty years is mentioned by
MuSSolini as the time in which Italy
will attain her ancient glories. His
position Is generous in view of the
limitations of human life, which will
automatically prevent him from being
on hand to take bow. In the mean
time the selection of a successor to
carry on his program becomes more
and more a matter of pressing i'm
portance.
Evening star., 1934-04-07

John D. Rockefeller. jr., has sailed
for Europe and does not say where
he is going or how long he will re-
main. This departure seems to imply
scant appreciation of New York's ef-
forts to provide the prodigious enter
tainment the Rockefeller millions
have been so generously ready to
finance.
Evening star., 1934-04-07

Visions of great wealth in the liquor
business have In many cases not been
realized. John Barleycorn has often
shown an impartial readiness to assist
people in going broke ON both sides
Of the counter,
Evening star., 1934-04-07

As soon as the starlings found they
were useful for food they voluntarily
departed and did their bit in a small
way to refrain from lessening the
price of food supplies. Problems
are occasionally solved by letting
nature take its course.
Evening star., 1934-04-07

History repeats itself, but reminders
are frankly given that If Europe in
sists on another war it will not pro-
duce another red ink record on the
pages Of Uncle Sans ledger.
Evening star., 1934-04-07
Politics and Recovery.

From the Indianapolis News.
Business, according to an official re.
port to the President, is getting better.
Now II politics will get better the de.
preston will surely b on - vaJ -
Evening star., 1934-04-07

Current civilization Is distinguished
by better wine and admirable women
But some Of the song must be can
didly recognized as no help whatever
to progress.
Evening star., 1934-04-07

The idea Of soaking" big business
finds less congressional encouragement
when note Is made Of the shrinkage
that have already occurred.
Evening star., 1934-04-07

Party lines in some cases become
so obscure that they might be hard
to discover we're it not for the
primaries.
Evening star., 1934-04-07

A persistence of ego Is characteristic
Of certain types of politicians. Moth
ing that happens can convince Huey
Long that he is not the life of the
party.
Evening star., 1934-04-07

Protect Against the Commonplace.
'How's Crimson Gulch managing
the liquor problem?"
mot so WE'LL" said Cactus Joe. "The
citizens kind O. can't get used to treat
ing their liquor like ordinary mer-
chandise in shop with ordinary plate
glass windows instead of getting it in
hideaway that makes 'em feel sort
o surreptitious and romantic. A lot
of 'em have gone prohibition just for
the sake of being contrary"
All men make blunders," said Hi
Ho. the sage of Chinatown. "All that
you can hope for Is sufficient wisdom
not to make the same blunder twice. -
Evening star., 1934-04-07

Business Recovery.
Now Business is on the mend,
So let us have a care
As We the privilege extend
OF sunshine and fresh air.
Let's help it to grow coed and strong,
And confidently say.
Friend Business, there's nothing
wrong!
You're better every day!"
Evening star., 1934-04-07
Spotlight.

SpOtlISHts
The man who grabs the spotlight
Should possess superior skill
Or it may prove just a hot light
With a most unpleasant thrill.
It may sometimes move the scoffer
To cause moments of regret
And new problems 1t may offer
That are even harder yet.
Evening star., 1934-04-07
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.

As the Old World Rolls.
This old world seems to need a little
oiling here and there.
And air for filling out a nattenine
tire.
We know 1t can't be long before we're
journeying. fast and fair.
Unto the region of the Hearts
Desire.
This old world will be rolling swift and
smoothly very soon.
The children and the women and
the men
Once more will ride along and sing q
good old-fashioned tune
But 1t needs little fixing now and
then.
Perpetual motion, we admit, Is not
discovered yet,
Except, perhaps, in astronomic space
The Old World keeps on going, though
We find with much regret
That it sometimes seems to falter
in its pace.
Let's grab the stout old monkey
wrench Gt never should be
thrown),
Nor yet neglect the fragile fountain
pen.
This earth on which we're riding never
quits-this is we'll known
But it needs little fixing now and
then.
Evening star., 1934-04-07
THEODORE w. MOVES. Editor


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Evening star., 1934-04-07

tits a good thing to have patience, I"
said Uncle Eben. IF you don't carry
1t so fur dat you let others do all de
work while you take II sasy."
Evening star., 1934-04-07
Gathering Inf0rmat ton.

OdtHcTIHS IHIOTIHdI1On.
What do you intend to do in your
next Investigations"
Il don't undertake to say answered
Senator Sorghum. AT present the
big question in my mind is what to
do with the things we have already
found out"
Jud Tunkins says the harder a man
works the more brains he needs to
keep him helping on the job instead
of spelling it.
Evening star., 1934-04-07
Rate by Mail-Payable in Advance.

All Other States and Canada.
Daily and Sunday. yr.. Sl".00: ! mo-. 81 90
Daily only. -. yr.. $500; mo-. G3c
Sunday only. yr., $500; i mo-. b0c
Evening star., 1934-04-07

Q. Are there many women who are
veterinarians?-B. B.
A. OF the 1883 veterinary sur
geons reported in the 1880 census,
only IL were women.
O. Why Is the Bodleian Library so
named?-C. M.
A. The Bodleian Library is the