davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1934-04-14
WOOD.
BURNS TRACK
|NWORK0UT
Al Track, Well Matched
Fields Promise Thrills
at Bowie Closing
pictures in Sports SectiOn)
By PADDOCK

PIMLICO RACE TRACK,
Md, April .14.-Trainer Jim
Healy crossed up the clockers
here this morning when he
brought out Singing Wood,
Mrs. John Hay Whitney s
Kentucky Derby and Freak
ness candidate, at the break
of dawn for his final work
out before being shipped to
Havre de Grace, which opens
next Monday.
The three-year-old son OF Royal
Minstrel breezed mile in 1:41 As
well In hand, and could have
worked much faster if Bobby
Jones, who was astride the colt,
had so elected. 80 :. .s..y--.
Not sG,,,... :,
Breaking from the quarter pole,
Singing Wood stepped along in
smooth fashion. After going five.
eighths, Jones pushed the colt
somewhat and ne stepped the
three quarters in around 1:13.
When the final eighth was reached
Trainer Healy began waving
Bobby Jones to ease up, and the
boy had all he could do to hold the
strapping colt, who was fighting
for his head all the way.
After the workout the colt re-
turned to his barn none the worse
for his gruelling test. He pulled up
sound as a dollar. and Trainer
Healy was so pleased with the
trials that he said the colt may
start in a sprint affair next week
at Havre de Grace.
The Washington times., 1934-04-14
Leaders Insist District
Needs New Deal"
In Government
By DUNCAN FORSYTH

Problems of the House District Committee differ from those
the Senate committee only in the fact that its members
general have committee assignments DUE Of to
the that the membership of the House much greater
than that of the Senate.
It is occupied however, with exactly the matters of
petty detail with respect to District legislation. that be-
fore the Senate And that circumstance which exists
today just did 81 years ago when Fred A. Britten first
the House of Representatives member from Illinois,
strikes him quite extraordinary and unnecessary
The Washington times., 1934-04-14
Girl, HHchhiker,
SOMnht Ru Police

Police here and in the South
were on the lookout today for
Florence Norman, Is, who yester-
day telephoned her mother in Bal
timore from the $500 block Of
Bladensburg Road that she was
hitchhiking to Florida.
The girl is { feet 3 inches in
height an, weighs. about 10
pounds. She has light brown hair
and blue eyes.
The Washington times., 1934-04-14
Fleet Sinks Ships
In Pacific MnneuUerS

ABOARD q. 8. s. CHICAGO.
with United States Fleet, April
IA QNS0 After a terrific sea
battle" in which "men and Off
GERS were killed." and many
ships were damaged" the United
States fleet steamed southwark
today off the west coast Of
Mexico en- route through the
Panama Canal to Atlantic waters.
The Washington times., 1934-04-14
PEARSON
WEDHNt0ND0N

LONDON, April IA Q.NS0.
Mrs. Eleanora Pearson. better
known by her maiden name Of
Countess Felicia Gizycka, and Ed
ward Dudley Delavigne, brother
in-law of Viscount Castlercsse,
were married today at Caxton
Hall registry office.
Countess Gizycka is the daugh-
ter of Mrs. Eleanor Medill Pat
terson, editor and manager Of the
Washington Herald. She formerly
was the wife of Drew Pearson,
Washington newspaperman.
Mr.. Delavigne is a London
broker. Both he and the countess
gave their ages as %.
Countess Gizycka is the great
granddaughter of Joseph Medill,
famous Chicago editor. Her
father. the late Count Joseph
Gizycka, was a Polish nobleman
When child the countess was
the center Of an international
court battle. Her mother, rebel
ling against European marriage
customs, left her husband, taking
the child. Later Count Gizycka
took his daughter and a court
fight for custody Of the child was
won by the mother, but not until
President Taft had appealed to
Car Nicholas, of Russia, who
granted a special award. Poland
was then Russian territory.
The countess, coming from a
long line of newspaper publishers
and editors, is herself the author
of a novel, "The House of Vic.
lence." She is noted sports
woman and when in the United
States spends much time hunting
and riding in Virginia.
The Washington times., 1934-04-14
NelU England Floods
Kill 3: RiUers Rising

BOSTON, April IA Q.N.S0.
The death toll in New England's
flood area stood at three today,
as rampaging rivers continued to
increase in fury, rising hourly
and loosing their torrents over
lowlands Of Vermont, New Hamp-
shire, western Massachusetts, and
part of Connecticut. The Con.
necticut River. above the danger
mark, was rising at the rate Of
an inch an hour.
The Washington times., 1934-04-14
StOUe Workers to Get
Pau Increase in June

BY ~ternatiOnal News Service
MolderS and coremakerS in the
stove industry are to be granted
a wage increase of 10 per cent
on June 18. the National Labor
Board announced today. The
agreement, extending to January
l. 1884, provides for collective
bargaining between the Interna,
tional MolderS' Union and the
Manufacturers Protective and
Development Association.
The Washington times., 1934-04-14
RGqUeL Torres, Ames
AppLy for License

LOS ELES, April IA
U.N.SO .-Raquel Torres, %, Mex
ican film actress, and Stephen
Ames, 35, former husband of Adri-
enne AmeS. also an actress, today
had on file an application for a
marriage license they will be eligi-
bic to obtain next Tuesday.
The Washington times., 1934-04-14
TennysOn Grandson
To Marry on Coast

SANTA BARBARA, Cal, April
IA G.N.SO.-Lord Lionel Tenny-
son, of London, grandson of the
famous English poet, will be mar
ried this afternoon to Mrs. Joseph
w. Donner, young Buffalo, N. Y,
widow, in the beautiful gardens
of the brides parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. Howard Elting, of Chicago.
The Washington times., 1934-04-14
0. K. on Sugar Bill
Is Erpected TOdav
BY International News Service

By International News Service
Final approval by the Senate
Finance Committee of the House
sugar bill, with a number Of
amendments, was in prospect to-
day, according to chairman Pat"
Harrison O.) of Mississippi The
bill designates sugar as a basic,
commodity under the AAA and
fixes quotas designed to restrict
production.
The Washington times., 1934-04-14

Mr.. Britten came to the House
with a background that enabled
him to realize fully the unique
status of Washington's municipal
government. He had been a mem
ber of the city council of Chicago
before his graduation to Congress,
and was accustomed to the han-
ding of municipal affairs. but his
first impression of a city council Of
435 members trying to act for the
The Washington times., 1934-04-14

city Of Washington was that the
spectacle was little short OF
ridiculous.
Petty Problems Handled
Further investigation Of the
case tended to confirm that first
view. He found that the House
District Committee was occupied
CONTINUED on Page 2, Col 2.)
The Washington times., 1934-04-14
US. C[ERKSGET
NOPAY TODAY
No pay today.
Pay Monday,

Succinctly, that is the story Of
the latest woe of Government
clerks-70,00O of them, count
'em-in this city.
Sometimes, when the fifteenth
falls on Sunday, Saturday be-
comes payday, but not this time.
The retroactive payments, it is
understood, have the disbursing
officers all worried, and they
can't do other jobs ahead of the
regular schedule. It is the rule,
anyhow, to pay off the day after
rather than the day before.
The Washington times., 1934-04-14

WASHINGTON FORECAST $500
Fair tonight and Sunday; slightly warmer
Sunday Full weather report on Page ~
MEAN TEMPERATURES
The Washington times., 1934-05-23
PWA ALUMINIUM
PLAN IN DOUBT

Although interested in the
proposition, Secretary of the
Interior Ickes has asserted that
he is Skeptical of the suggestion
that the PWA finance an alumni
mum plant in the Tennessee Val
ley.
The R. j. Gaudy Engineering
Company, of Chicago, made the
suggestion that the plant be con-
structed with a PWA loan, and
in discussing the proposal Secre'
tary Ickes said he would only
consider it on the condition that
the Government pay the private
interests no more than a fair
sum" for their holdings.
Under the suggestion, the plant
would be constructed at a cost
Of $2O,00O,000, at either Decatur,
Ala, or Tupelo. Miss.
The Washington times., 1934-05-23
MILK AND LABOR
PROBES WAIT

The Senate Committee on Audit
and Control today deferred &C.
ton on the resolutions calling for
investigation of the labor "kick-
back" and the milk industry.
The committee will meet again
next week.
Senator James F. Byrnes Cd
or South Carolina, chairman said
the "kickback" was not taken up
because Senator David I. Walsh
Cd Massachusetts,, co-author of
the resolution, was unable to be
present.
The resolution calling for an in
vestigation of the milk industry
was not acted upon, it was ex-
planned, because the committee is
awaiting certain information
from the Federal Trade Commis-
sion. The committee heard Sen
ator Pat McCarran CD. Nevada,
who introduced the resolution.
The Washington times., 1934-05-23
c, N, COMM|NGS
FOUND SHOT

With a .3S caliber pistol lying
by his side, George M. Commings,
81, plant manager of the Co.
lonial Ice Cream Company, South
Capitol and E Streets. was found
with a wound in his head in
the storeroom of the plant at z
a. m. today.
Mr.. Commings was rushed to
Casualty Hospital where it was
found he had a slight scalp
wound, the bullet having only
grazed his head. Because of loss
of blood and the fact that he
had been lying for several hours
in a freezing temperature his
condition is considered critical,
however.
Mr.. Commings, who was found
unconscious by Edward Talley,
a company employe, told en-
ployes he had been in i'll health
recently. He remained at the
plant after closing last night to
finish some work. Mr.. Com
mings lives in the 1900 block
Kalmia Rd. N. w.
The Washington times., 1934-05-23
MLNNEAP Oils
STRIKE END
ORDERED
Regional Labor Board Makes
Mandatory Ruling After
Rioters Dust Police

MINNEAPOLIS, Mimi, May %
G.N.SO SO.-Ordering an end to the
week-long strike of Minneapolis
truck drivers, the regional labor
advisory board today presented
a nine-point ruling of settlement
mandatory % both parties.
The labor board ruling came
as a climax to an outbreak Of
serious rioting in the Central
Market which resulted in the
death of C. Arthur Lyman, busi-
ness and civic leader, and seri-
Gus injuries to score of others.
Union Recognition Ordered
Except for a possible over
ruling by the national board, the
settlement presented by the labor
board, after an all-day session,
is obligatory to both the strikers
and the trucking firms.
Union recognition and repre-
sentation is provided in the set.
tlement, which establishes hours
and wages and provides for a
board of arbitration for future
disputes.
Police we're taken off strike
duty, but the central market was
still closely guarded when the
rioting showed definite signs Of
abatement. Fully 5000 persons
took part in the pitched battles
which saw the strikers put spe:
cial policemen to rout.
Three Others Badly Hurt
In the rioting in which Mr..
Lyman was slain three other spe-
cial policemen were critically in
jured. They are Chester Lyford,
Peter Erath and Henry Carlsen.
Armed with clubs and bricks
the pickets attacked police who
were escorting nonunion trucks
from the market district. The
rioting followed, with the crowd
proving too much for the police
to handle. Deputies were beaten
down mercilessly.
The Washington times., 1934-05-23
Davis TO We'd
DiuOrcee,
Report

Washington society today was
linking the name Of Dwight Davis,
former Secretary Of War and for
mer governor general Of the Phil
ippines, with that Of Mrs. Norma
Bowler King Hull, beautiful social
ite who received a divorce in Reno
yesterday from Maj. Gen. John
A.. Hull.
Rumors that Mr.. Davis and Mrs.
Hull would be married could not
be confirmed today. They met in
the Philippines while Mr.. Davis
was governor general. and while
General Hull, judge advocate gen.
eral of the A. E. F.. was stationed
in Manila. General Hull is now
legal adviser to the present gov
ernor general, Frank Murphy, of
Detroit.
Mrs. Hull, who has been in
Reno since May l, maintains a
home here in the 1900 block of
Massachusetts, Ave. N. w. General
Hull is the owner of the old Hull
estate, part of the ancient Hyde
Park plantation near Mount
Vernon.
The couple were married in
1919, when Mrs. Hull was Mrs.
Norma Bowles King. They have
one small child, John Hull, jr.
Mrs. Hull also has two sons by
a former marriage. Charles King,
a lieutenant in the Army, and
Ludlow King, graduate of West
Point, who is now associated with
his father in the oil business in
Oklahoma.
The Washington times., 1934-05-23
WOMAN s HURTS
PROVE FATAL

Injuries received in an automo-
bile accident last night resulted
today in the death of Mrs. Nellie
E. Buete, 80, of Berwyn, Md,
mother of three children.
Returning to her home in a
car operated by her son, and &C
companied by her two daughters,
Mrs. Buete was injured when the
automobile crashed into a tree in
the $500 block Bladensburg Rd.
N. E. She suffered a fractured
skull and internal injuries. She
was taken to Casualty Hospital.
The son, Kermit G., II, and his
sisters, Lorraine G., 8, and Audrey
Catherine, 6, were treated at the
hospital for decorations and shock.
The son was not held.
The Washington times., 1934-05-23
School Loan Bill
To HdDe NeU Vote

Representative SABBATH Cd, OF
Chicago. yesterday won a promise
from Chairman Steagall for recon
sideration by the Banking and
Currency Committee of Sabath's
bill for RFC loans to school dis
tricts. The committee rejected the
SABBATH measure by a vote of %
to 2 Monday. SABBATH claimed to
have swung IA members to favor
his bill,
The Washington times., 1934-05-23
u. d. C.. Will Observe
OIUn Memorial D1u

Confederate Memorial Day will
be observed in Alexandria tomor-
row and today the United Daugh-
ters of the Confederacy were dec
Grating with flags graves Of all
the Southern dead in the vicinity
of the city. Annual exercises will
be held at 6 o'clock tomorrow at
the monument at Prince and
Washington Streets.
The Washington times., 1934-05-23
WALKER To GET
LONG HOLIDAY

President Roosevelt has given
Frank C. Walker, head of his Ma
tional Emergency Council, "a sum-
mer's holiday" he said today, in
denying reports that Walker is to
resign as soon as Congress
adjournS.
He said Walker would be absent
from Washington during the sum-
mer attending to his personal
affairs, but that he would return
in the fall.
The Washington times., 1934-05-23
Cruelty Charged
In Suit for DiHOrce

Naming a correspondent, Thelma
M. Johnson, of Bethesda, entered
suit for an absolute divorce from
Leslie Earle johnson. also of Be-
thesda. in Montgomery county
Circuit Court yesterday, and was
Immediately granted an order by
Judge Charles w. Woodward re.
quiring the defendant to pay her
$75 in counsel fees and $40 per
month during the pendency Of
the suit.
The Washington times., 1934-05-23
ICkeS to Address
COLLeQe Graduates

Secretary Of the Interior
Harold Ickes will deliver the
commencement address at the
graduation exercises of North
western University, Evanston.
ILL.,, June 16, it was announced
today.
Two Washington students,
Nell Griffith and James S.
Adams, are in the graduating
class.
The Washington times., 1934-05-23
RABBIT GOT FINGER

CHEHALIS, Wash. T.N.S).
Jackie Cummings, 2-year-old, suf.
fered the loss of his right fore
finger here when a pet rabbit be-
longing to a neighbor bit it off
while the child was feeding th9
ninaal
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-11

The Crosby high school band met today in the assembly hali. Reiearsai was held under the dl- rection of Floyd Evans.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-11
MINSTREL TROUPE PLANS REHEARSAL

The Baldwin Props will hold a rehearsal tonight at o'clock in preparation for their minstrel and dance to be given on January 18th at the Washington Park Com munity House. The following are requested to be present: Conway, Wood, Bernier, McGill, Gill. Boley, L. Bernier, E. Harrison, F. Harri- son, O'Donnell. McNerney, Mardu' Grimes, Ippolito, Demaris. N. Cfc- chetti, G. Cicchetti, Hansen, Red Quiltr, P. O'Neil. Austin. Caron, Moss. German, Noble, Mccormack, Monte, Albone, St Cavuer. Weeney. Johnson, Lavassuer. Oracle, A. Issable, s. Issable, Kenney. Hal lock, and Neville.
 Joe Lezotte, director, is handling the minstrel and is expected to put on one of the best shows of the year at the Hill recreational center. He expects to line up some of the best talent in the city for the occasion and the Props in ap- preciation of his efforts are work ing hard to make the venture a huge success.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-11
SMITH DENIES
 PARTY LINEUP
State Senate Democrats Tearrling With C. 0. P.
 Is Mere Imagination

Reports that the democratic or- ganization In the state senate has decided to line up with the repub- licahs in the upper branch of the Legislature so as to offset the in. fiuence of the three socialist nienl- bers was termed "mere itmagina- tion' today by State Chairman J. Francis Smith of this city. "The lineup of the senate, with no party having majority, has given rise to much talk about deals between the two major organizations but this is merely idle conversation, declared Chairman Smith.
 Early this afternoon, the state chairman left for Hartford where he will preside this evening at a meeting in the Hartford club ot the members-ele of the 19S5 session of the state senate. Mayor Frank Hayes of this city, lieuten- ant-governor-elect, who will pre- side over the 1885 senate, will also be among those present. @ Senator Joseph H. Lawlor of the 16th district and Senator-elect l George T. Culhane of the 1btt will be among the 17 democratic senators attending the session. The meeting has been called for the purpose of considering organiziht for the 1885. session. The democrats choice for president pro-tem ant party leader will possibly be knowr at this evenings caucus of the democratic side of the upper house As no party has a majority, how ever, the question of president pro. tenn will actually have to go to tht floor of the senate for a decision.
 The way the democrats and re. publicans vote on the selection oi the 1895 president pro-tem will give, 1t is felt, an indication of ths feeling of the two major parties | toward one another.
 Others who will attend this evenings session include Governor Wilbur L. Cross, Executive Secre: tary Kenneth Wynne and National Committeeman Archibald McNeil the latter of Bridgeport.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-11

fall by members of the club inter- eAted in the vital topics of the day and all members of the. club are asked to participate in these edu- cational activities of the club.
 The next discussion will take place on "Wednesday, January 8. when Miss Helen Tareila will lead the discussion on "The Legal Status of Women in Connecticut" This taking part with Miss Tareila will be the Misses Mary Hennes- sey, Emily Merriman and Alethea Puffer.
 On January 23, Credit Unions" will be discussed by Miss Cora Crompton, chairman; Miss Flor ence Greenleaf, Miss Helen Webb and Miss Ruth Stoughton.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-11

Practice sessions are being held this week by the Leavenworth high school basketball quintet in prep aration for the second bid for the Western Connecticut league title, when the local team meets Water town Friday night at Watertown. In their opening league contest, the Leavenworth hoopsters downed Terryviile in impressive fashion, and with one of the speediest teams to represent the school in several years, hope to win first place in the pennant race. The following players will take the
 floor in Friday nights contest: Ivaitkevjch, center; Bradley and Dl
 Blasio, kofwards; and Mattolini and Krasnovsky, guards; Wood. Briotti
 and Mccormick, substitutes.
 A meeting of the Crosby French
 club was held this afternoon at
 3 o'clock in room 113, under the direction of Miss Gertrude Traurjg.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-11
EXAMINATION FOR
 REFEREES SLATED

Announcement of the dates for examinations of candidates for ac. credited positions as referees of girls and women's basketball games was made today by Miss Florence Turnbull, chairman of the subcommittee on women's basket ball of the American Physical Edu- cation association.
 The examinations will be held at the Y. W. c. A. in Hartford as follows: Theoretical examination, Wednesday, December 12; practical examination. Tuesday, January 13: practical examination for intre- mural. week of January 21.
 At New Haven. Arnold college: Theoretical examination, Tuesday. December Il; practical examina- ton. Friday, December IA, Y. W. e. A.; practical examination for instrumural, Tuesday, December IS, Arnold college.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-11

Clarence Tappin. faculty advisor, viii be in charge of the spanish clnb meeting to be held tomorrow t Afternoon in room 20S. All second anS third year Spanish students A meeting of the Crosby Matn Mat, ci,h will be held Thursday in room Soe under the direction of William ! c Smith.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-11

Der, ST, F. G. Graves, J. J. Hen- nessey, David R. Lyman; neurolo- gist - George Gosselin; neurolo. gical surgeon - Richard c. Buck ley; gynecologist - c. H. Brown; laryngologists - J. S. Martin, c, E. Munger; dermatologist - T. M. Bull; ophthalmologist - D. J. Maloney; pediatricians - Charles Engelke, E. w. Goodenough; ob- stretricians = D. B. Deming, J. J. Galley; orthopedists - J. L. Mor- iarty, Dennis O'Connor; urolagist A. c. Swenson; orthodontist - H. W. Stevens.
 Attending Staff
 Surgeons - w. l.. Barber, Jr, J. s. Dye, Andrew Jackson, E. H. Kirsch baum; obstetricians - J. NJ. Freiheit, E. G. Reade; ophthalmol- ogists - T. F. Bevans, w. M. Good; cardiologists = J. H. Fos- ter, l. s. Platt; hoentgenologist- J. L. Harvey; physicians = J. H. Foster, Robert Hagen, w. E. Hill. I. s. Platt, E. L. Smith, pediatri- clans, J. H. Green, J. l.. Hetzel, J. H. Root; urologists = c. H. Neus- wanger, H. J. Stettbacher; dental surgeon = A. B. Holmes; neurolo- gist, Arthur J. Jackson; gynecolo- gist, c. l.. Larkin, orthopedist = Edwin Pyle; laryngologists - M. H. Merriman, G. T. Smith, E. k. Webber; dermatologist - R. ]. Lawton: pathologist - J. O. Collins.
 Assistant Staff
 Surgeons - H. E. Allen, A. F. Hermann, A. A. Johnson, H. F. Morrill,, W. E. Wight; pediatri- clan - A. S. Brown; physicians o. J. Bizzozero, P. J. Brennan, P. F. Lombardi, M. H, Ruby; gyne- cologists H. J. Corbett, A. E. Sirica; dematologist - E. J. God frey; pathologist - c. L. Larkin: dental surgeons - John F. Begg, w. B. Greenburg, R. H. Watkins.
 The following privilege list for 1885 was approved: Frederick AL exander, H. S. Allen. c. H. Audet, liam Blanchard, D. H. Bluestone, R. A. Bonner, F. T. Brooks, Joseph F. Burke. J. Ciminera, Harold J. Cleary, Thomas Cottiero, Isabel Cowan, Harold J. Curran, I. De- Luise. John Dillon, Alfred c. Dre- her, V. P. Duffy, e. B. Dwyer. Charles Edlin, Patrick Dwyer, J. J. Egan, s. E. Fabricant, John E. Farrell, Alfred J. Finn.
 Myron J. F OK, J. WI. Fruin, '. Gancher, J. F. Hackett, J. +. Hayes. E. A. Herr, Frank J. Hill, R. J. Hinchey, James H. Hindman, E. J. Jackson, Harold Johnson, E. J. Johnston, J. H. Kane, c. s. Kennedy, John F. Kill gus. M. J. Lawlor, George Leon- ard, E. K. Loveland, J. H. Me- Grath, J. E. McLinden, c. E.. Me- Partland, Royal A. Meyers.
 Wilbur Moore, R. A. Mueller, J. J. Mullen. w. H. Murray, T. F. O'Donnell, Clifford s. Pine, R. J. Quinn. N. E. Robinson, R. H. Ky der, G. R. Sandulli, Grace Santoro, Vincent T. Shea. J. s. Staneslow, l.. J. Thibault. L. E. Thompson, N. A. Towne, H. E. Traver, c. H. Burlington. A. P. Vastola, c. N. Warner. F.. E. Williams. Police and Fire Surgeon.
 DENTISTS
 Samuel s. Bisnovich, J. ". Borchardt. W. B. Brewster. x. J. Buchanan, F. c. Daniels, B. V. Erbe. F. J. Erbe, L. s. Finkel- stein, Glenn E. Jackson, W. F.. Lena, F. c. Marggraff. M. A. O"Hara, F. c. Ovens. Benjamin Sachner, R. W. VanWagner, l.. l.. Weinberg, E. R. Wolfe, A. E. Rogers.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-11
|B. &P. WOMEN TO
 MEET TOMORROW
"Old Age Pensions" to Be Topic of Panel Dis.
 cuSSiOn Here

"Old Age Pensions" will be the topic of the panel discussion at the Waterbury Business and Pro- fessional Women's club to be held at z o'clock, tomorrow. Miss Ruth Stoughton, will be the leader of the discussion and will be assisted by the Misses Helen Merriman, Alethea Puffer and Ruth Liebeck.
 z This is the third in a series of panel discussions to be held this