davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1934-06-30

to the agency he was, except for a
small following, no longer a leader.
8. That the ceremoniOus smoking
of the peace pipe among Indians auto
matically produces the truth. the
whole truth and nothing but the
truth is an assumption that no realiSt
who is acquainted with Indian testi-
mony will accept
.. The statement that If it had not
been for Sitting Bull there probably
never would have been battle of the
Little Big Horn" mLsIepreSents the
situation. The Indians were at the
time wildly elated over the victory
they had scored against Crook only
eight days before and we're eager for
another fight.
TO- In fitting accord with the mar
rative, picture entitled Clusters S
Last Charge" is given. 1t represents
Custer brandiShing u saber and be-
striding horse that seems to be NY
ing. with hoofs apparently or 5 feet
from the ground The laws Of gravi-
tation make improbable the conduct
of the horse, and as for the saber.
Custer did not carry one, nor did any
one else in the regiment Far differ
ent from this representation was the
closing scene on Custer Hill
w. J. GHENT.
Evening star., 1934-06-30
Old Man Interest.
From the Topeka Daily Ca pital.


England has prospered for some
generations as world creditor
through the force of interest. One
Of its characteristics is that ii has no
8-hour day or 5-day week. but goes on
uninerruptedly days, nights and
Sundays.
Now it Is interest that induces Eng
land to repudiate its obligations to
Uncle Sam. The original sum bor-
rowed was 4.277 millions, about IA
billion dollars. Some time later dol.
lars began to decline in PURCHASING
power and 1t took more dollars to paw
for goods. But it was through goods
that England obtained dollars. Her
debt, measured by goods, was greater
after the peace than during the war
OF the aggregate funded debt, fol
lowing the war, of 1900 millions Eng
land has paid upwards of 1000 mil.
lion. Yet the debt is greater than
ever, thanks to interest. Most of the
two billions British payments over the
last l6 or u years were on interest
account.
The French debt TO the United
States has grown more than the Brit
ish, owing to earlier French default
1t now amounts to close to four bib
lion dollars. Even Italy,s debt exceed
two billion dollars. All the Euro
pesn government indebtedness to the
United States foots up nearer IL than
II billion dollars. They hired the
money" but they also blew it in. What
they have to show for it is chiefly
new political. economic and social
problems to wrestle with. What Uncle
Sam has to show for it is uncollecti-
Bile notes.
Evening star., 1934-06-30
Canadian Annexation
And American Tariff

10 lhe EoltOr OF ne SthT'
1t has long been q dream Of patri-
otic Americans that Canada be an
nexed to the United States. The ulti-
mate conclusion of the whole matter
is. however, that entirely aside from
the unquestiOnable objection which
Canada would raise against any pro-
posal of annexation or union, all OF
the advantages which might accrue
to the United States by such a change
might be enjoyed with abolition OF the
trade barriers which now separate the
two countries.
1t Is a curious obsession Of protec-
tioniSts that while freedom Of trade
Is accepted as the right of those who
live under the same flag. even though
they be separated by thousands of
miles. radical differences in climate
and even under standards OF living
which vary greatly, these benefits of
free trade are Immediately condemned
as calamitous when extended, as they
might be. to the people of Canada,
hundreds of thousands of whom have
emigrated from the United States.
and who are bound to us by the
strongest ties of blood and common
interests. The protectionist approves
Of free trade between the peoples OF
forty-eight States of the Union, but
with the unspeakable foreigner who
lives under the flag Of some other
country, never!
Said Henry George: "If trade
with q Canadian, Mexican or an
Englishman, it is for the same rea-
son that l trade with an American
that 1 would rather have the thing
he gives me than the thing give him.
Why should l refuse to trade with a
foreigner any more than with q fell
low citizen when my object in trading
is my advantage, not his?"
HENRY WARE ALLEN.
Wichita, kans.
Evening star., 1934-06-30
Move to Cancel Cuban Bonds
Proves Puzzle to Americans

Repeal OF the Platt amendment by
the United States. with resultant COM
plete freedom for Cuba. provides a
complicated situation for American
holders of Cuban bonds of the Ma
chado regime according 10 press COM
mentS.
There are $50 900 900 of these bonds,
issued for public works projects which
are said to have been completed. 1t
is maintained that such debts, when
q ruler has been overthrown, are still
binding, but the United States has
no present power. it Is pointed out
10 enforce these obligations. Their
reputation has been under conSid-
Grafton by Cuba.
THE Cuban contention" observes
the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. lis that
loans made under the Machado re-
gime are not binding under the pres
ent government. Cubas argument re-
sembles Russia 's-that debts of keren-
sky times are not Soviet obligations
Distinction between governmental and
private Indebtedness is hazy nowadays
Since the United States discarded its
Plstt amendment privilege Of inter-
vention in Cuban affairs Cuba's SOW
ereignty is complete. Cuba's RESPONSE
bility is even greater than when Uncle
Sam had, by treaty. power to exert
direct influence United States finan-
ciers and investors had their spree in
1929. and have had a headache ever
since. Tney are not completely eligi-
Bile for sympathy. Still, the ele-
mentary obligations Of financial trans
actions do survive and Cuba'S rulers
should certainly be deliberate, not i'm
petuouS. in any action they take.
Financial stability is prime virtue
in an independent republic"
Declaring "the doctrine that rev.
olutionary change in government frees
the new administra ton from prede-
cessors obligations to foreign ma
tionalS never has been admitted by
most powers" the San Antonio Ex-
press states that "those bonds were
issued to complete the central high
way, which was begun in 1927. and
now affords an unbroken communi-
cation line, TOO miles from east to
west" The Express adds: The Ha-
vana government lately balanced the
1933-34 budget at S44 PAP 900. but its
income is running behind expendi-
lures. 1t owes abroad about $50 mil
lions-including the public works
bonds-and the domestic floating debt
totals 60 millions. Last April Cuba
declared a moratorium on foreign OBJ
legations aegregating So millions, but
no reputation talk was heard then.
The Platt amendment was still in ef-
feet, and might have been invoked
had Cuba announced an intention to
take such course as that now recon-
mended by the committee which in
vestigated the Machado administra-
Evening star., 1934-06-30
Rate by Mail-PayabIe in Advance.
MaryIand and Nireinia
Welcome, N. E. A.

The convention Of the National
Education Association would be well
come in any city at any time, but
IT is especially welcome in the Ma
tion's Capital this year. Perhaps
never before since the founding OF
the Republic has there been such
need for solidarity among teachers
nor such need for the kind of service
they render
Thoughtful men and women realize
that the long depression has had q
particularly deleterious effect upon
American culture and upon the in
stitutions from which that culture
derives. Many likewise are disturbed
by the tardineSs with which the pres
ent administration has approached
the problem of defending and main
tanning education. President Roose
welt and his principal advisers, they
see, have been too busy with relief
and recovery plans 10 have had time
to notice what is happening to
schools. There has been no new deal
for learning in the United states
since March, 1888.
And conditions are appalling. Thou
sands Of schools are closed, thousands
OF teachers are unemployed, hundreds
of thousands of children are receiv-
ing no regular instruction. During q
brief emergency society might toler-
etc such jeopardy for civilization. But
no patriotic citizen can contemplate
with patience cultural emergency
which already has lasted nearly five
years. Something must be done I'M
mediately to prevent whole genera
ton of boys and girls from being
robbed OF the educational privileges
which their parents properly took for
granted. Mr.. Roosevelt himself has
said that it is not enough to keep
people alive; it is necessary likewise
to make life worth living.
The present assembly of the rep
resentatives OF the teaching profeS-
sion will not neglect the opportunity
to dramatic the crisis. They will
bring together an impressive body OF
evidence, they will argue their case
with knowledge and skill. To para
phrase Allen Upwards words, "the
child is their client" and they can
and will speak for him with authority
and with a propriety which cannot
be challenged. Their interest is not
wholly selfish: on the contrary. their
motives are altruistic in the highest
degree-SchOlarS themselves. they cam
not keep silent the while scholarly
ideals are in danger.
But they also will prove that they
are not mere dreamerS. They will
develop a practical program for the
consideration of the Federal Govern
ment, and the President, a just, a
kindly and a sensitive man, will
receive their suggestions with graft
tude and appreciation. 1t follows
that this meeting of the National
Education Association is likely to be
the most important ever held.
Evening star., 1934-06-30

"She will talk to any one" said
one woman to another, of third (not
present.. And she talks about the
queerest things. really. Things you
don't expect to hear discussed in
public"
All. reticence!
Good old reticence, a quality some
people do not have, but which they
might adopt with profit to them
selves and balm TO the spirits OF
others.
Nothing has been said about this
quality in recent years.
Its opposite, indeed, has become
the slogan Of the moment.
1t is more fashionable, in certain
circles, to tell all" and to tell it as
loudly as possible. That way, they
feel, popularity lies.
There is a vast field for reticence
which still has its adherents.
All that one knows and feels, these
believe, should not be spread OH the
public record.
Reticence. according to the word
book, is simply reserve in speech
avoidance OF saying all one knows
and feels. holding back of some fact
disposition to silence, taciturnity.
These last two definitions may be
dismissed without further notice. fol
they point to the border line OF true
retiCence. A disposition toward
silence may show churlish spirit
Taciturnity may arise from nothing
more than q headache.
No, real reticence Is something
deeper. something which has its being
in desire To cause no hurt to others
Often this may be achieved by
causing no hurt TO ones self. 10 be-
gin with. This is accomplished by the
simple expedient OF not giving GER
tain types Of humanity food for talk.
1t is a curious fact that often much
that q man says is used against him
The smallest facts which he dis
closes. perhaps in a spirit of humor
he finds returned upon him later as
original discoveries.
One might think of hand that
some mighty Sherlock Holmes had
been at work, delving into ones pri-
vste life. TO listen to the air OF dis
covery with which these queer souls
retail bits of information which have
been furnished them in the first place
by the unhappy victim Of this type vi
distorted fun.
There is, Of course. nothing funny
about such monkey business. any more
than there Is any real humor In much
OF the lodge type OF humor. based on
the efforts of male beings to get along
with one another
One may feel sure, on pretty good
evidence. that women are no way
near as given to this type of mis-
placed humor.
True reticence. then, will begin al
home.
One will withhold. except from one s
home folks, most. If not all, Of the
more intimate details of life
One has but TO listen TO people talk
in public to realize how often this
rule is broken
No doubt they are the people who
like to walk in the downtown streets
holding hands. and putting their arms
around each other on the old
fashioned open street cars.
To the reticent person, nothing Is
more disgusting than such actions
They feel that there is pretense
there. which fools only the un-
thinking
Reticence is q part of minding ones
Evening star., 1934-06-30

timid captain into the presence OF the
Lady Tiphaine. who. smiling and
frowning, asked him to marry her.
When he was in battle he fought hard
and knew what he was fighting for,
but. far In advance of his time, he re-
fused to raid, loot, or hold for ram
som. The common people loved him
for he would not allow his followers
to despoil them, and when he died, in
his 6Gth year, such wall Of mourn
ing went up as France has never
known before nor since" Though M
Coryn has a number of appendices
and brief photography, she has pro-
vided no index. serious lack in O
book of this type.
Evening star., 1934-06-30

mia, 243, and University OF Washing
ton, 2l7.
@. Who designed the willow pat
tern for china?-G. d. r.
A. 1t was designed by Thomas
Minton in England about 1850.
Q. Is the hand Of a monkey like
that Of human7-E. l.. D.
A. 1t does not differ from thss
of a human being in any importaxs>
/ anatomical essential. The hand OF q
monkey Is, OF course, more densely
covered with hair, the skin is coarser,
and OF q darker color, the nails are
less delicate. However, in the shape
and structure of the hand, it very
| closely resembles mans.
| @. What Is the Liza Fail?-E. W. II.
| A. The Liza Fail, or Stone Of Des-
| tiny, is the name of the famous Stone
OF Scone, seated on which the ancient
| Scottish Kings were crowned. Ac-
cording to tradition, 1t formerly was
| the pillow used by the patriarch ia
cob, and possibly was brought to
Scotland after the Crusades. 1t was
kept in the Abbey Church of Scone
and in 1896 was removed by Edward
to England and is at present under
the coronation chair in Westminster
Abbey.
O. Why are three names given as
the first TO die in the American troops
in France?-C. S.
A. The three were killed by the
explosion Of one shell.
@. Is there danger of a shortage
OF domestic wheat for homesconsump-
ton this year?-J. C.
A. The experts of the Bureau Of
Agricultural Economics have con-
cluded that the drought has not en-
dangered the food supply of the
/ United States. In a normal year the
people OF the United States eat, or
feed TO animals, and save for seed for
the next years crop. 625 900 900 BUSH
els OF wheat. With a carry-over Of
some 60,000000 bushels and a pro-
duction which certainly cannot fall
below 520,000, 900 bushels, there will
be plenty Of wheat for normal con-
sumption.
@. Should vacationists avoid sun
4 burn?-E. N.
A. A dose Of sunburn" can easily
spoil an entire vacation. can cause
serious illness and sometimes death.
A person should be careful about sud-
den exposure TO the sun, and let the
skin take on gradual tan. II the
skin does not tan readily. a person
had better protect it and be content
with a short exposure to the sun.
/ @. Can all wines be enjoyed while
/ smoking?-S N.
A. Authorities say that one
should never smoke when drinking
port wine it spoils the taste Of the
wine. Sherry can be enjoyed with a
cigar. in which respect it differs from
/ other wines.
@. What is the origin Of the
nudSt fad?-A. F.
! A. Modern nudism began with
German named Richard Ungewitter in
1906. Ungewitter was the son Of a
matchmaker. He did not like watch
making so became in turn a gardener,
laundryman and a salesman. Later,
becoming interested in nudism, he
{ founded the first national nudist so
ciety. In eight years it had 1000
members.
@. Who is experimenting with a
device for obtaining power from tides
in the Bay of Fundy?-A. H. M.
A. Col Hugh Cooper and his
/ brother. both Of whom are eminent
/ engineers. are interested in the de-
velopment of power generated by tides
in the Bay of Fundy. and application
for funds for this project has been
/ before the P w. A for some time. but
as yet no favorable action has been
/ taken
Evening star., 1934-06-30
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN.

@. Has any estimate been made
Of the total number Of hours work
provided by the p. w. A. program
H. H.
A. The P. w. A. to date has pro-
vided, roughly, 1,4l8 ,000, 900 hours OF
work Approximately as many more
/ ,468, 900 900 hours of direct employ
ment in coming months are assured
under P. w. A. plans.
@. What courts are provided for in
the Constitutions. M.
A. The Supreme Court Of the
United States Is unique. 1t is the only
Federal court Of the country which
has its existence provided for in the
Constitution. Other courts were ere
ated by statute.
@. Among the principal nations
how does the United States rank in
taxation per capita?-M A. L.
A. Taxes per capita are highest in
Great Britain, United States second,
France third and Germany fourth.
@. Please describe the Victoria
reslA water Ily.-N. ".
A. 1t is native to tropical South
America, has floating leaves three to
six feet across with rims two to six
inches high, and rose white flowers,
81 TO eighteen inches across.
@. In what way was Jereboam par
/ ticularly wicked?-J. c.
A. He made Israel to sin" in that
he initiated idol-worship.
@. What cities are called the
"Manchesters" of their countries? p
N w.
A. Manchester is a manufacturing
city Of neutrality-suspicious. of cot
ton goods. Lowell, Mass, has been
called the Manchester Of America;
Client, Of BELGIUM; Osaka, of Japan;
Elberfeld, of Prussia.
@. How are the questions selected
which are answered in this column
J. A.
A. From the thousands OF letters
sent TO our correspondents, ones are
, selected which may have a general
appeal. Many deal with informa ton
needed only by the person asking the
question. All inquiries are answered
by letters sent to correspondents. Ad-
dress your question to this Informa-
ton Bureau, Frederic ]. HaSkin. Dl-
coin or stamp for reply.
O. How many tourist cabins are
there in the United Ststes?-J. G.
A. There are approximately 10000
tourist camps containing 250000 cab
ins prepared for the motor-touring
public.
@. What causes shstter-p proof wind
shield glass to crack and turn yell
low?-R. E. o.
A. Discoloration Of the celluloid
film between the two sheets of glass
causes shatter- proof glass of wind
shield TO crack and turn yellow.
@. Where do the Great Lakes get
their water supply?-L. E. G.
A. 1t comes from numerous
streams which fow into them. The
main source of supply for Lake Su-
perior. which in turn feeds the other
Great Lakes. is the Rainey River, Raj
ney Lake and Pigeon River, which
form the boundary between Mime
sofa and Ontario. Lake Michigan
and Lake Superior both empty into
Lake Huron. which in turn feeds Lake
Erie. which in turn empties into Lake
| Ontario. from which flows the St.
Lawrence River.
@. What universities have the
largest enrolment of foreign stu
dents M F.
A Figures for 1s33-34 enrolment
show that the University Of Cali
fornia led in registration OF for
eign students with 548 Columbia Uni
Yersity had 5o2; New York University.
349: University of Southern Califor-
Evening star., 1934-06-30
THE LIBRARY TABLE
BY SARAH C.. BOWERMAN.

THE STORY OF GARDENING. From
the Hanging Gardens OF Babylon
to the Hanging Gardens of New
York. BY Richardson Wright. IL
lustrated. New York: Dodd, Mead
& Co.
The editor of House and Garden
is not only q repository of much learn
ing on the subject Of plants, trees and
gardens; he is also delightful es-
sayist, as any one knows who has
read his volume of whimsical descrip-
tions of the problems Of the country
dweller who is yet not farmer. min
gled with bits of garden. calendar ad-
vice, The Gardeners Bed Book" In
his large and handsomely illustrated
book on the history Of gardens he first
tells of the origins OF garden-making.
back in the time when primitive
women. the first gardeners, gathered
from forest and meadow edible roots
and seeds and dug them into a chosen
spot of ground and stirred the soil
with their sticks. From these early
beginnings it is long road TO the
elaborate gardens and Conservatives
OF the du Points, near Wilmington,
Del. to choose only one OF many
possible examples. Mr.. Wright traces
the steps along the way and shows
how migrations and conquests and the
growth of commerce affected the eyo-
luton Of gardens.
The gardens of different eras and
different nationalities-C jap
anese. Indian, Persian, Greek. Roman,
Italian. Spanish. French, Dutch, Eng
lish and American-of many types,
adapted TO localities with varying soils
and climates. are Interestingly de-
scribed, with attention to reasons for
differences. English gardens existed
in the Saxon and Roman periods,
but were quite different from the later
manor and monaStic gardens, and
even more different from the formal
gardens OF the eighteenth century
and modernist gardens of the present.
American garden history is traced
from early Colonial days. through the
period of formal Georgian influence,
TO the specialized gardens Of the twen-
tieth century. and the present cor
rela ton between architecture and all
types OF paintings. Mi. Wright in
corporates in his story accounts OF
the work OF many plant explorers and
famous gardeners and landscape ar
chitects, descriptions of noted indi-
vidual gardens and public and private
botanical collections, and references
to old and new books on gardening.
Old prints furnish many OF the Illus
tratiOns.
Evening star., 1934-06-30
Impartiality Demanded

Impa rtiality Demanded.
Now, Dillinger, you surely are
An irritating person.
Though We might search both near
and far,
Wed hardly find a worse 'un.
l hope your reckless methods may
Bring discipline you're needing,
And, like the rest of us, some day
You'll be took up for speeding.