davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1934-08-19
THINGS DONE AND UNDONE
BY NEW DEAL WEIGHED
Tugwell Discusses Economic Status of
US. and Compares it to Begin
ming of Administration.

There are millions Of individuals, in
country and city. who must be pro-
vided with an environment which
makes an American standard Of living
possible. There are hundreds OF mil
lions Of acres OF land which must be
rescued from destruction and restored
to whatever use is best for them.
These things will not be done rap
idly. There are too many human
problems involved for that, not TO
mention the physical difficulties. But
they are under way. That is the i'm
portant fact after years Of talking and
viewing with alarm.
Ultimately, some Of these longtime
efforts may provide answers to ques-
tionS now furrowing the brows of
N. r. A and A A. A. administrators.
Decentralization of industry may-I
do not say will-solve some of our
problems. Purchase of submarginal
lands may in time ease the burden
on agriculture, especially II there Is
moderate revival Of foreign trade.
These two effortS-restoring ex-
changeability and conserving and
wisely utilizing our resources-have
to operate under the shadow of q
burden which will grow smaller as
they succeed, but which Is still op-
preSSive. have in mind the burden
Of relief for the unemployed.
Much as has been done, tremendous
as the efforts have been in contrast
with those Of the preceding admin
istration. too much of the burden re-
mains. Partly that may be because
there has been too much inclination
on the part of the American people
to minister to charity rather than
to eliminate the need for 1t.
Clearly the next year or two ought
to see more of the attack on this
problem shifted away from charity
and toward rehabilitation. That
means that men must be put to
work, and work, above all, that will
be useful. Whether the business COM
munity will help or hinder this effort
Is a question Of immediate concern
not only to several millions of the
unemployed, but to all the rest Of
us as well. The answer may have q
great deal to do with the course Of
events in the United States for years
to come.
Evening star., 1934-08-19

Mediterranean and Britain would
watch the French shores of the At
lantic.
Therein lies the basic weakness of
Mussolini'S situation. He has consist
emily sought to play a balance of
power game, using Germany to Offset
France and her Little Entente allies.
And that game would have been both
sound and successful, provided the
Germans had refrained from arousing
British apprehensions and also from
threatening Italian interests through
their Austrian operations. Now, while
the Austrian part of Hitler's program
has gone astray and for the moment
has been abandoned. Britain has been
alarmed and brought back to close as
sociation with France.
If France and Britain stand to-
gether, however, Mussolini is help
less because Italy cannot hazard a
quarrel with England. And the risk
he Is now taking with his battleship
proposal is that 1t will move the Brit
ish to set up the Mediterranean Lo-
carno France has long sought If that
should transpire Mussolini would have
to abandon all hope of disturbing the
status quo on the shores of that sea.
In watching this intricate and con-
fusing game Americans must dismiss
the familiar notion that it is the ques-
ton of ships and guns which is imme-
diately at stake or the idea that Mus
solini is really planning to build two
superdreadnaughts. What he is doing
is angling for British support for his
claim of parity with France. He Is
obviously fishing in troubled waters
and the result may be politically dis
turbing.
(Copyrisht, 1e340
Evening star., 1934-08-19

growing so fast or has such a future
l hear nothing but good OF him. He
hPs friends c. -W.-"e :,G that
without trying. He is modest and
ura~s'm'ng. honest and plain He is
murh Ike his father in his actions
and thought, thou~h he does not look
at all like him physically. He can,
like Old Abe. whom I knew well. tell
a good story and he likes to illustrate
his points with anecdotes"
Lincoln now is ony Al years of
age. but his life has been so eventful
that he has in that time lived years
where other persons have lived days.
He is finely educated, having grad
uated at Harvard College. He is a
great student and spends most of his
time, when not at the department,
at home with his family. He had a
large practice in Chicago as a lawyer
before he came to Washington, and
he was one of the active supporters
OF Grant at the Chicago con Vention.
President Arthur evidently desires
a denomination. though I have yet to
meet a man to whom he has ex-
pressed such wish. He has not said
so to several members of his cabinet,
know. but he would hardly choose
them for confidants anyhow They
are too close to other men and they
have too many axes of their own to
grind. Arthur has made a good ad-
ministration, but it has been mega
lively rather than positively good. He
has done good, in other words, by not
doing anything bad. This kind of
goodness does not count for much in
presidential campaigns, but it is felt
here by many leading men not con-
nected with the admins ration that
his nomination would be unfortunate.
Evening star., 1934-08-19

find another map. That is the pic
ture of how our national network
of copper piping looks today, in 1854,
as 1t carries millions of volts and
amperes and watts and whatnots to
the waiting, teeming millions. Pic
ture it: Gigantic spider webs Of
trestles towering starkly in the rose
tints of a dying sun, proudly bearing
their burden; long lines Of bronze
dwindling to tiny threads in the dis
tance. climbing mountain, sliding into
valley and traversing prairie, desert
land
See how it weaves through our
hydro-electric sites, our coal fields,
our oil districts, to gather their gifts
of giving current? And yet see
how it traverses our large urban CEN
ters, our great rural territories, our
industrial realms, to distribute that
power?
Power Always.
And realize that it is so inter- woven.
inter- locked, that failure of any one
branch would not interrupt service
save at the immediate point of in
terruption!
There's the picture. Study it-for
this, too, will be subject for devel-
opment in greater detail at a later
moment.
And so we come to conclusion Of
this first article on national electrif1-
cation.
It has been an unusual story to
US, this development. It already has
resulted in the reincarnation of a
once-prostrate coal industry; the slim
ulation of tagging copper and other
metallurgical activities; and electri-
flying effect upon all sorts of manu-
factures and products; the alienation
of unnecessary drudgery in the home,
upon the farm, in the factory and
shop; in the evolution of transporta-
ticn-the employment of millions once
idle and that employment at shorter
hours and better pay; in the return
and stabilization of prosperity, itself
resultant in a higher standard of
living
But these are stories yet to be
written.
=, This is the f1rst Of 2 series Of arti-
cles on National Electriflcati0n in
1864" 80 years from now, written by
Mr.. Kelly. The next will appear in
Evening star., 1934-08-19
LOOKING BACK FROM 1864
ON POWER DEVELOPMENT
Writer Projects Self 80 Years Into
Future to Present Picture of Huge
Electrical Network.
Continued From First Page.)

Continued From First Page)
wanted to erect huge plants in coal
mining centers, obviatiing the neces-
sity of long, slow hauls of this bulky
fuel, and feeding their product into
high tension. interconnected long
distance networks. The other side
held out for plants located in and
around the cities or districts they
served. Actually there vas little diff
ference in production and distribu-
ton costs, which added fuel to the
controversy. We shall see in a mo-
ment the solution of this, their schism
In the last 20 years development
Of giant Diesel and gas engines has
made available similar plants to be
operated either in oil-producing CEN
terS or in urban localities based on
the same factors as given in the pre-
ceding paragraphs.
How 1t Was Solved.
Here's how it was solved: The great
mouth -the-mine" plants now op-
Grating and In construction are need
ed. not only to make up that steady,
irreducible minimum of demand which
we have with us constantly, but also
to aid in providing a reserve for
peak" usage. On the other hand,
local plants which you pass by daily
are used jointly for the peak" periods
and for helping out in other power
emergencies. Or, in many cases, the
local plants are operated continuously
to provide a local valley" and call
upon the national system for the
additional power needed for the
peaks"
And everybody's happy-both pri-
Vate and public concerns.
And SO we come to distribution.
Electricity, you know, travels on the
outer surface of wire. And to mine
enough copper to make copper wires
big and heavy enough to carry the
tremendous electrical loads our sy3-
tenn must provide daily, and strong
enough to Withstand the tensile strain
of stretching between distant tog7ers,
would be too expensive task.
1t was during the Boulder Dam days
that some one had bright idea. IF, -
he thought, "the inside of the wire is
no good, why not use copper pipe?"
Simple, wasn't it? But it revolu-
tionized electrical transmission.
Somewhere near this story you'll
Evening star., 1934-08-19

CONTINUED From First Page.)
guard against, where we have but one,
they require large number of ships.
Always, when the American and
British representatives meet in con-
ference, the diversity of their needs
insures clash in their programs. 1t
is always popular thing in the United
States for our representatives to pro-
pose reductions of the sort Swanson
has just advocated. And for the Brit
ish, such mathematical reductions are
out of the question. 1t is, of course,
just as unreasonable for the British to
ask us to reduce the size of our ships
as it is for us TO ask them to reduce
the total of their tonnage. And in
each country the proposals of the other
excite furious criticism.
Freedom of Act on Is Aim.
What is odd about the situation is
that no one but naval man, in either
Great Britain or the United States,
could think Of the possibility of any
collision between the two fleets, be-
cause so many other factors beside
ships enter into the question. What
Beatty wants-what all the British
naval people desire-is freedom of &C
ton in the face of French, Italian and
Japanese fleets. Once the United
States and Great Britain we're agreed
upon the principle of parity both
could put it into practice as they
chose, keeping each other informed Of
their naval programs.
1t is possible that the ratio system
begun at Washington may last through
one more conference, although doubt
it. On the other hand, it is far more
likely that it will be destroyed by the
japanese and Italian claims for par
ity, which are mainly questions of
prestige, but are equally unlikely to be
conceded in Washington and in Paris.
In any event, the preliminary discus
sions have proceeded far enough to
show that the forthcoming conference
is likely to be a scene of bitter and
prolonged controversy.
To return to the Italian detail,
Mussolini has now served notice on
the British that they must persuade
the French to concede Italian parity
or see Italy stand with the United
States on the battleship issue. Mus
solini has, also politely intimated that
he thinks Germany should be invited
to the London Conference, which
must be far from pleasing to the
British. for the Germans would be
Evening star., 1934-08-19

certain to claim parity with France
also, and such a claim would have
immediate repercussions upon British
naval policy.
The next naval conference, like the
League Conference and the Washing
ton Conference, is therefore certain
to become the battle-ground of the
various European rivals. In that con-
ference MuSsolini is bound to play
the familiar prestige game and, since
France will not consent to Italian
parity, it is hard to see how any
really useful result can be expected
Meantime, the tension in Europe is
having its effect upon the British
mind, and the question of British Sc
curity on the water as well as in the
air is becoming acute.
Hughes Held Problem Naval.
At Washington, in 1922, Mr..
Hughes at all times insisted upon
considering the problem as purely
naval But in ignoring the political
differences which then divided the
British and the French he presently
came to grief. The French, believing
that Hughes and Balfour were acting
together and against France, declined
to agree to any limitation save in
battleships. At London, in 1880,
France again made impossible any
f1ve-power treaty extending to all
categories the limitations of the
Washington treaty.
After London the American dele
gates came home with the cheerful
news that, while a five-power treaty
had not been made, a Franco-Italian
agreement was certain to be reached
and thereafter France and Italy
would associate themselves with the
London arrangement. But that
agreement never was reached and is
as remote today as ever. And it is
remote because the French and
Italian policies are irreconcilable.
On the other hand France and
Great Britain are today much closer
in interests than at any moment since
the end of the World War, for Ger
many has once more assumed the ap-
pearance of a menace in British eyes.
And if there should be any move on
Germany's part to build strong feet
again, an Anglo French naval agree
ment like that which existed at the
moment the World War came would
almost certainly be made. BY the
terms Of such an agreement France
would take over responsibility for
British lines Of communication In the
Evening star., 1934-08-19

that Of Russia, Rumania, Persia, Ar
gentina had increased. while that of
Mexico, Venezuela, Peru, Colombia
had decreased.
But these figures apply to known
resources. Australia and New zea-
land today buy their oil products
from Borneo, Persia, the United
States; but both have prospective
fields Of unknown extent already
chartered. So have Mexico, the east.
ern coasts Of South America and Of
Africa, the shores Of the Mediterra-
mean.
Deep Drilling.
The United States has upset the
prophecies of oil exhaustion too often
in the past not to do 1t again. More
over, there are vast possibilities in
known fields through deep drilling
and in improved processes Of produc-
ton. Drake struck oil" at 6912 feet.
Now, In less time than 1t took him,
oil has been found at 5000 and 1000
feet. In 1925, after Spindle Top, the
oil marvel Of 80 years ago. had begun
to show signs Of exhaustion, q deep
well was drilled and flowed 100 900
barrels day.
Besides, there Is amazing vitality
In oil fields where the wells are Of
small yield, but which viii give as q
group an amount worth producing.
Visitors to the celebration Of oils dia-
mond jubilee this week will see as
they approach the Drake Memorial q
significant and amusing sight-the
pumping Of oil by the curious grass
hopper system from this field that
was first opened rs years ago.
Small quantities? Yes, but 1t Is not
for quantity but quality that oil Is
produced in Northwestern Pennsyl-
vania today. There are fields which
have been yielding steadily for more
than so years and under improved
processes have largely increased.
A quick-moving, constantly chang
ing story, this Of oil; full Of surprises,
OF conquests, Of tragedies. And 1t is
story far from complete, one still
bristling with problems-social, po-
litical, Scientific-in spite Of its rs
years Of feverish activity.
It is this fact that oil Is an in
finished story of international mo-
ment which make the Drake Me-
mortal, with its monument and
museum, which is also a library, a
living thing. much more than an
interesting and beautiful spot to look
at and walk away from-makes it n
place where the beginnings, the de-
velopment and the present problems
Of this our greatest purely American
industry can and should be studied.
The Drake Memorial has q splendid
educational opportunity before it, one
worth the support not only Of the
hundreds Of thousands Of men and
women who have profited directly
from oil as a wealth producer, but
from country where life has been so
eased, enlarged, broadened by the
gifts which nature packed away in
this, one of the most lavish re-
sources she has accumulated and held
for man.
Evening star., 1934-08-19
Japanese Emigrants
Swarm Into Asia

SEOUL, Korea-Korea Is Japan's
highway into the Asiatic mainland
to Manchuria, Mongolia, China, the
Siberian frontier. Travelling on that
highway, the empire builders of to-
day are soldiers, petty merchants,
bankers, political advisers, immigrant
farmers, adventures.
Along that highway during 1881,
1892, Japan poured her troops, many
Of them country boys serving their
year and a half compulsory service
with the colcrs. Most of these
youngsters have returned to their ma
tive land, and in their place the
stream is made up of petty merchants,
immigrant farmers, adventures. These
are being spilled onto the Man
churian plains, into far-of Mongolia
and mountainous Jehol.
Korea is essential to Japan in her
empire building. If war ever comes
on the Asiatic mainland involving
Japan, it will be along this highway
that Japan dispatches her war ma
chine, which was built for service on
the mainland and not in her insular
homeland.
Petty merchants no less than giant
con. mercial firms have filled the stores
Of this land and of Manchukuo with
cheap but fairly good quality Japanese
goods. The standard of living here
and in Manchuria is so low that these
goods are well within the means Of
Korea's 20.000.000 inhabitants and
Manchuria's 30,ooo,ooo.
japanese Stores Filled.
japanese department stores attract
thousands of small home buyers.
Their shelves are heavily loaded with
goods, artistically displayed, attrac-
lively priced.
An Oriental development company
(Japanese) is bringing out hundreds
of small japanese farmers, advancing
them money to get started, and en-
abling them to pay their way out of
debt within seven years. Both Ko-
reans and Manchurian Chinese resent
these newcomers, but there is nothing
they can do about it. Some of these
japanese find the Manchurian climate
too severe and in time drift back to
the homeland, their places taken by
the Chinese natives.
Slowly spreading onto the Asiatic
mainland come these insular Japanese,
bringing with them their customs,
their economic demands The home
land fills the orders from this newly
developing market.
Government-subSidized hotels cater
to these passing throngs of newcomers.
Small restaurants and bath houses
make them feel at home in the new
land.
Japan wants no competitor in the
field, and, since Korea is hers, she
sees no injustice in having her own
way. The American firm that started
corn products factory was advised
few months after opening it that
imported corn would be taxed 460 per
cent.
Discriminating Tariff.
The blow was heavy, since all the
corn was imported from South Africa
: and Manchuria; Korea raising only
/ rice. Undismayed even by this, the
American started teaching the Korean
farmer how to plant and raise corn.
Today he imports only 20 per cent
| OF his needs for the factory The
japanese, however, interested in
teaching the Korean how to raise live
stock, exempted from duty all corn
used for cattle fodder.
Copyright, 1934)
Evening star., 1934-08-19
Continued From Third Page)


uncommon success in respect to fiexi-
bility and democracy. They have made
an encouraging beginning in procuring
producer and managerial participation
in the machinery, but they have hardly
made q dent in procuring effective
consumer participation. Apparently
we have a long way to go before we
will be ready to admit that the con-
sumner has an important function in
our economy.
This problem Of exchangeability, I
have said, is central to recovery, but
1t contains implications for recon-
struction. The other major problem,
as see it, is primarily concerned with
reconstruction, but with implications
for recovery. This has TO do with con-
servation of our human and physical
resources and with provision for q
new design for living in certain areas.
Thus the Conservation Corps, the
Tennessee Valley Authority, the rural
rehabilitation efforts, the subsistence
homesteads division, the erosion con-
troll service, the land utilization plans
but primarily they are concerned with
reconstruction and conservation.
In these efforts as much progress
has been made, suppose, as any one
could rightfully expect. The difficult
ties are enormous, especially in such
efforts as those of the Tennessee VAL
ley Authority and the subsistence
homestead divisions. Private interests
In power production, for instance, do
not relish the idea of a governmental
yardstick with which their costs may
be measured; owners of real estate are
aggrieved to learn that the Govern
ment will not pay highly speculative
prices; some industrialists, looking on
at the attempt to combine a rural
urban mode Of life In the subsistence
homesteads, perhaps with the help of
few new, If small, factories, invite
the prospective wage earners to hang
their clothes on a hickory limb, but
by all means avoid the water.
Nevertheless, there has been prog
ress in these directions where progress
was long overdue. 1t is not necessary
here to refer to the appalling inroads
that have been made on our resources.
Evening star., 1934-08-19
LIQUOR PROBLEMS VEXED-
WASHINGTON DURING sos
City Agitated by Temperance Feelings
Against Saloon on Every Corner.
Gambling Was Also Prevalent.

This Is the sixteenth OF a series
OF iDeekly articles on interesting
persons and euents in the National
Capital during the sos, By Frank
@. Carpenter, tDorld famous author
and trdDeler. The merit chapter in
the series DiH be published neIt
Sunday In The Star.
(Copyright, 1894. by The Evening Stal
Newspaper Company
Evening star., 1934-08-19
Oil Industry of America Honors
Its Pioneer With Drake Memorial

CONTINUED From Third Page.)
to man, was demonstrated. Oil could
be used as fuel. Inventors we're pro-
ducing burners that consumed it what
ever its quality. It might be the heavy
stuff beginning to come from Call
fornia and the Southwest-thick, no
paraftin, poor in luminants and lubri-
cants, despised by the Eastern pro-
ducers, but it could be used for heat.
In 1904 the sensation of the Port Of
New York was the arrival of the
steamship Nebraska, which had trav-
eled 12,745 miles from San Francisco
on oil-California oil-and was going
back on it-Texas oil. Spindle Top
had a meaning now.
But there was something more i'm
portant to those in high places, par
ticularly to the Navy boards of Eng
land and the United States, than the
oil burner the Nebraska used. There
was new engine-the Diesel engine
the perfect internal combustion affair
long dreamed Of, using anything from
the most perfect distillate to the
blackest, thickest tar-so they said
The English navy was experimenting
with it. .tr
In 1904 came out a report from
what was called the Liquid Fuel
Board Of our Navy. Without hesita-
ton the board declared that oil had
all sorts of advantages over coal as a
fuel for ships. 1t even could be car
ried in ample quantity, but it was
useless to think of an oil-burning
Navy. Why? There is mot enough
oil to justify adopting it as a Navy
fuel" said the report.
That was in 1904. Ten years later
the Southwest proved the board was
wrong. BY the time we went into the
war our Navy, like that of England,
had been converted to oil. The great
war was fought on oil, on both land
and sea.
Little wonder that at the end of
that immense catastrophe oil was no
longer a private industry, that the
worlds supply and consumption were
matters of international concern.
viii Supply Continue?
One of the disturbing and anxious
questions for all nations today is
how long, at the present rate of con-
sumption, rock oil will hold out. A
high authority on known oil resources
estimated in 1929 that the then rate
Of consumption could not be kept up
over Is years. Now, 1929 was ours
and the worlds peak of production.
We produced LOOT, ,323, 900 barrels, out
of which we made products and by
products worth more than $2,611,-
100000.
Our production was 67.8 per cent
of the whole in l929-16 per cent
came from Latin America, the re-
manning 1872 per cent in order of
quantity from Russia, Rumania, Per-
sia, the Dutch East Indies, India and
Poland. In 1882, the last year for
which the Bureau of Mines has
turned in its estimates, our produc-
ton had fallen to 781 ,845, 900 barrels;