davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-02-01

instantly when you take them
And for. a gargle, Genuine
BAYER Aspirin Tablets dissolve
so completely they leave no irri-
tating particles. Get a box of IL
tablets or a bottle of "a or 100 at
any drug store.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-11-23
Treaties Might Bar
War Debt Dodgers

John j. Holmes, Montana auditor
and commissioner of insurance, IL
studying state laws and International
treaties to determine whether or not
corporations domiciled in any foreign
country which has repudiated its World
war debt to the United States should
be permitted to transact business in the
United States.
His decision on the application of the
French Union and Universal Insurance
company of Paris, France, is expected
to establish a precedent, if the aplica-
into is denied.
He will not announce his decision
he said, until a thorough study Of the
situation is made by his department.
He also pointed out that his decision
would not be retroactive and that his
opinion is not to be construed to mean
that foreign companies already licensed
to do insurance business in Montana
would be disturbed for the present BY
the decision on the French company's
application.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-11-23
record was: I'VE left the Platte about
eight miles above Deer creek"

record was: I'VE left the Platte about
eight miles above Deer creek"
That original start for the Bozeman
trail was in the vicinity of the present
Lockett, Wyo. The next year the de-
about 80 miles down the Platte, where
is located the town of Orpha, Wyo.
This latter point is commonly treated
by historians as the southern beginning
of that pioneer route, Notwithstanding
the 1863 first movement left the Platte
about eight miles above Deer creek"
Forty-six wagons and SO men made
up the emigrant train. Bozeman, ia
cobS and a man named Rafael were
the guides. Rafael had spent many a
year as a trapper in the region imme-
diately north Of the Platte, and had
served as guide for soldiers there. The
diary of Mr.. Word rates Jacobs as
more experienced than Bozeman. The
writing of them in comparison runs
thus:
Jacobs is a m%ountaineer who has
spent 81 years of his life in this coun-
try, and who came from Bannack City
especially to guide immigrants through
Bozeman is a Georgian who has beer
here only about four years"
Sand, sagebrush, desert, scanty water
supply, made travelling very slow. They
covered but 80 miles in the first three
days away from the North Platte. They
found recent trails of Indians. Since
they knew the Indians there were op'
posed to white men travelling in that
region, they kept a sharp lookout al
along the way. In fact, that region hac
been acknowledged by treaty as ex.
clusively Indian hunting grounds an
military protection was refused to al
whites invading it.
They reached an upper branch o.
Powder river and followed it down tt
the main stream. Continuing on, they
crossed and recrossed this main stream
and other branches, the movement be-
ing northward. On July 20, two week.
after the departure from the Nortf
Platte, they stopped for a noontlm'
rest at a point described in the dlar!
as ION the north prong of Lodgepols
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-11-23

creek" Then occurred an incident OF
critical Importance.
A band of about $50 Indian warriors
appeared in view. Most of them were
Cheyennes, with a few Sioux. Ihey
made signs and their chiefs approached
for a parley. The white people were
informed that they must turn back
that these and other Indians would
fight them if they advanced further.
There we're no positively hostile dem
o%nstrations, but some Of the warriors
committed some rudely offensive acts.
Then the Indians withdrew to await
developments.
The emigrants stayed there through
the remainder of that day m until
after noon of the next day. The loca-
ton of that camp was a few miles south
and east of the present Buffalo, Wyo.,
or about As miles southeast of the pres
ent Sheridan, Wyo. 1t was as far as
that 1868 emigrant train went on the
new Bozeman-Jacobs trail. The diary
of July 81 relates:
I'VE reluctantly broke corral this aft
ernoon and moved back four miles. Saw
after we left Indians IN the hills watch
ing us. I look for them to attack us
most any time. We are encamped on
South Fork of Lodgepole creek. We
have not yet entirely made up our
minds to go back. There is a great deal
of contrariness in the train"
They kept on moving back, a few
miles each day, for several days. All
during that time there was wrangling
as to whether to continue in the re-
treat Or to turn and 60 ON forward, de-
flying the Indians. They sent messen-
gers back to Deer creek to ask military
aid or other help. The messengers re-
turned and reported that no military
aid would come. Accompanying the re-
turned messengers "a a man named
Bowler. He was a pioneer trapper in
that country. He ridiculed the weakness
Of Jacobs and Bozeman in failing to
urge the travellers through. An offer was
made to employ him as guide, but he
refused, saying he was in the employ
of the soldiers and it was not permis-
sible for him to guide white people
through these Indian lands. In the
course of the retreat to the main Ore
gon trail appears this diary record:
Some OF the boys went today with
old man Bower prospecting in the same
place we went a week ago. The old man
first discovered gold there"
On July 20, when the messengers re-
turned, they brought some more war
news which Word recorded in his diary:
1.-THE boys bring back a heap of news.
One hundred thousand rebs taken pris-
oners at Vicksburg, Port Hudson and
other places. Lee whipped and cut to
pieces. Sumpter fallen. and the deVi]
knows what all, not the third of which
I believe to be true"
Diary comment on the general situa-
ton of the train is resumed on July 80:
MANY in the train are in the notion
of turning and going on still. Seven OF
eight of the boys are going to pack
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-11-23
Liquid Corn" Isn't
Proper Swine Food

Accumulated odor of 100 head of hogs
or more is still not enough to erase
the smell of fermenting mash, as two
Great Falls alleged "moonshiners" can
testify, who we're recently taken into
custody by men from the United States
marshal's office at Great Falls.
T. H. Preston is free On 81 1000 bond
and John Erickson is in the county jail
in default of $1,OO0 for alleged opera
ton of a still recently uncovered at
Prospect park, near Great Falls.
Premises of the park were searched
by Special Agents Burr Hill n j. @.
Adams where a 4O-gallon still, complete,
was found cleverly concealed in a hole
dug in the hog pen. The still had beer
covered with boards and dirt, and was
not in operation.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-11-23
Youth Becomes Lost
When Home Is Gone

Little Danny Reynolds Of Butte got
lost a few days ago. He forgot that his
mamma and papa had moved. Several
days ago Mr.. and Mrs. Reynolds moved
from their home at GAL West Granite
street to a house on Jasper street.
Danny's mother called police asking
them to look for her son.. She explain
ed to the officers that Danny's home
had been transplanted. There, big as
life, at the West Granite street house
little Danny was found by the police.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-11-23

through, and some of the wagons this
evening are talking of it. I look Tor a
split in the train in the morning. For
my part, now that we have turned ana
gone part of the way back, and have
got no more assistance, I made up my
mind to go back to the old road n
make the best time I can around"
But the next day, July 81, all OF the
wagons stayed together in a movement
back toward the main Platte river trail
westward. The movement continued
from day to day, with pauses on &C
count of various accidents, until the
arrival at the North Platte, 40 miles
west of Deer creek, on Aug. 9. So the
time lost in the Bozeman trail effort
was from July 6 to Aug. 9.
Although that wagon train effort OF
1868 was a failure, and although our
historians commonly mention 1864 as
the beginning of Bozeman trail travel,
there is another feature OF the case to
be considered. This feature has men
ton in the Word diary. On that July 81
when it was determined that all Of the
wagons would go together back to the
main North Platte trail, there was an
exception to the general movement. The
exception is treated in these words:
"Ten of our boys started out this
morning, going through to Bannack on
horseback, packing their grub. Think it
dangerous; doubt if they get through
with their horses, if they do with their
scalps."
The diary makes no further mention
of those 10 men. The present writer
never has seen nor heard any Other
mention of them. Did they get through:
Or did the Indians kill them or turn
them back? If they got through, ther
they were the first successful Bozemar
trail travellers.
The entire diary of Samuel Wore
concerning that pioneer journey is
published in Volume 8 of the Montana
Historical society collections. It can be
barely sketched in the limited space Of
this present writing. But readers who
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-11-23
three of us we're not able to turn him

three of us we're not able to turn him
over"
They met some Indian bands along
the lower Platte river. No trouble
sued, as no Indians just then were
molesting whites along that main trail.
At Fort Kearney they fell in with
some other wagon groups, these hav-
ing come from Independence and
Omaha. AS progress was made there
we're yet other amalgamations Of these
groups. BY the time Fort Laramie was
reached there were 80 wagons in this
train. AS these proceeded on westward,
up the North Platte, there were yet
other wagon a~nnexations. Mercantile
prices at Fort Laramie, are mentioned
in MIR. Words diary. Under date OF
June %, at that military and trade
center, the diary record tells us:
paid very high prices for everything
we got at Fort Laramie. Paid So a wheel
for setting tires; 81 for shoeing horses
all around. Sutler sells everything high,
y to 20 cents for bacon, $12 to $18 per
hundred for flour, smoking tobacco 81
a pound, whisky 81 a pint"
Moving along on the north side of
the North Platte river, the train crossed
Box Elder creek and Deer creek. At
Deer creek there were some soldiers
stationed as an outpost of the Fort La
ramie military center. At this outpost
was a blacksmith shop and a ranch
house having groceries and goods
whisky, of course-for sale. The SOL
diers had a telegraph station.
Here the emigrants learned from
Bozeman and Jacobs of their new route
of travel. They remained encamped
several days while they discussed the
inviting situation, and made plans for
entering upon the diverging shorter
route. During that waiting time, July
4, a piece of stirring news came to
them. The Word diary tells:
Telegraph operator visited us, in
formed us of a fight that had occurred
near Gettysburg, Pa. Rebels repulsed
and r%etreating. The first wal news we've
heard for some time"
Three days afterwards, on July Z
the diary records some further tele-
graphic news:
Hooker and Lee have had a fight
Lee is reported cut to pieces and his
army destroyed, losing $4,000 men in
killed and wounded, and $4,000 prison.
ers. Don't believe a word of it. Think
if they have fought Lee is victorious
In this comment and in some other
comments the political leaning OF
Samuel Word in those times is revealed
He was a wartime Missouri democrat
His baby son, left at home, had been
named Robert Lee Word. This sol and
the wife-mother afterward Joined the
husband-father as permanent residents
Of Helena. The boy grew to manhood
there and, in course of time, became
Judge of Montana's supreme court.
Most of the members of that Wagon
train decided to follow Bozeman anc
Jacobs over their new north
ward from the North Platte, thence
westward and northwestward to the
upper Yellowstone. On July 6 the diary
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-11-23

The above picture is OF a group Of Montana men nOw serving n the United
States navy: They are Howard Glen Norton Townsend; Grenfail Phman Ford
old Johnson Toson; Eael Ray Richardson. Three Forks; Harry Williams NC.
Elwain, Deer Lodge; Paul Richard FOresman, Decker; Glen Albert WOOdard,
Roman; James Richard Clark, Paradise; Mike Joseph Kuntz Hamilton; Law
renee Melvin Berry,, Mlsoula; Charles Ward TOkon, Miles City; William
Charles Butterfeld, Great Falls; Charles elspy Nelson, Whhefsh; Edward
Carl Giles, Reed Point; Lester George Robertson, Great Falls; Mark Eugene
Moore, Culberson; Earl Arthur DeMampher, St. Xavier; Willard Robert Brill
Billings; James Leonard Jarrett, Roundup; and John Peter Hrt, Glendve
Mr.. Butterneld enlisted at Great Falls through Recruiting Officer L. M. Gil
bebun. and IS the fourth man from the left In the front row MI Robertson,
who also enlisted from Great Falls Is the third man from the left IN the middle
row, and John Peter HMt q Great Falls recruit, is the fourth man from the
left In the back row. -
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-11-23
Son of Former Congressman
of Montana Plans Expedition
for Prospecting by Airp)ane

Convinced by three years of prospect
ing that Alaska is still "reeking with
gold" Merrill K. Riddick is organizing
an aerial expedition to go back and
get it.
Riddick, son Of a former Montana
congressman, sat in a New York hotel
room Uttered with maps, claim papers
and charts recently and told Of the OPP
portunities which he said await the
stout-hearted adventurer in Alaska.
you've no idea of the opportunities
up there" he said, mot only IN gold,
but in timber, coal, iron and copper as
we'll.
"Why, the surface has hardly been
scratched. There is SO much iron up
there for instance, that it throws a
ships compass off Is points when 1t
approaches the coast.
The main trouble so far has been
the difficulty in reaching it. Dog teams,
weeks and weeks of travel over tortuous
trails, and then having your supplies
give out when you get there-an that
sort of thing.
with an airplane, we can v IN
two or three hours the distance it now
takes weeks to cover"
Riddick, who holds a majors com
mission in the air reserve corps, added:
And another thing-the rush Of '4s
busted a depression, the Klondike rush
busted a depression, and who knows
what maybe therer be another rush
to bust this one"
Riddick, 80, a flying instructor dur
ing the war, an air mail pilot, and barn.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-11-23
Rv DR.. THOMAS B. MARQUIS
Hl6lflHHEHE47!6!6!6!H

Our Montana historians
treat the beginning of travel over h
BOzeman trail as having been in 1864.
That really was the year when the
first emigrants got through h
tire distance of that pioneer route.
But there wa an effort to traverse
It during the summer Of 1868. Samuel
Word, q pioneer at Helena, was n
of the party making that 1863 effort.
He kept a diary of the journey, nc
that writing has become a basic ref
erence for later students of that era.
In June, 1863, John M. Bozeman and
a companion named Jacobs arrived at
the North Platte river from a horse
back trip they had made from Fan
mack City, or the placer mining region
known as the Beaverhead country. They
had secuted out a new course OF travel
for newcomer that vas considerably
shorter than the course through south
ern Idaho. Their new course ran east
and north of the Big Horn mountains.
At the Platte they began to inform emf
grants of the shorter distance over this
region and of the better grass and wa
ter conditions along the way. The de-
terrant feature was the objection OF
the Sioux and Cheyenne Indians. New
ertheless, the gold-seeking whites in
their wagons listened with eager in
terest to the enticing talk of Boze-
man and Jacobs, with their offers to
serve a. guides.
On May z, 1868, Samuel Word and
eight men companions left st. Joseph,
NO., to go somewhere in the western
gold country. Word had a wagon and
three yoke of oxen. Three more wagons
were owned by other members OF the
group. The total domestic animals
among the entire party were IL yoke
Of oxen, three ponies and two dogs. No
women we're with them. Word had left
his young wife and their baby son at
the home place in Missouri.
The course of this 1868 st. Joseph
party during the earlier part of their
movements was the usual n then
followed. They passed through Marys-
vile, Kan, crossed the Big Blue and
Little Blue rivers, and kept on the trail
to Fort Kearney, Neb., on the Platte riv-
er. Wild game was plentiful, especially
the buffalo. When they killed their
first one of these huge animals they
gave thought at once to the stories
they had heard as to the special tooth
someness of the meat in the hump
above the shoulders. In skinning the
carcass to get first at this choice meat
they learned something that every nov
ice in Notwithstanding had to learn.
This lesson was as to the difficulty of
turning over the carcass from one side
to another in order to skin both sides.
Amateur efforts at such turning over
always accomplished simply a spinning
of the mass on the hump as a pivot and
the falling back upon the same side.
Words diary writing concerning their
attempt to get the hump meat says:
I'VE got out one-half of it-could not
get the other half, for the reason that
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-11-23

like that sort of history will be intense
ly interested by a study of the original
record in its fr1lness in the official
Montana publication above mentioned.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-11-23

Jack McCausland, publisher Of the
Forsyth Independent, who has just
been elected to the Montana house
of representatives for Rosebud county.
Mr.. McCausland acquired the INDIE
pendent about ~ years ago and in
the interval has made it into nj of
the strong democratic newspapers of
southeastern Montana.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-11-23

RECORD RUN AT CANNERY
The FERA canning plant at Poison
made a record run of salmon canning
when 1899 No. 2 cans were turned out.
They, to date, put up over 10000 al
of fish.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-11-23

stormer afterward, said he had spent
an adventurous three years in Alaska.
He knows of 800 unexplored granite
domes, or mineralized areas, of a water
fall three times az high as Niagara, and
of streams so full of fish you could
almost walk across on their backs"
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-11-23

1t is said that goatskin is the tough
est skin p~rocurable for upholstering
furniture.
Evening star., 1934-05-08
j. S.P[ANS RELIEF
|NDROUGHT AREAS
Survey to Be Made in Mid
die West as Dry Spell
Continues.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
DES MONIES, May 8-The dry
spell in the Middle West, desperately
in need of rain, fingered on today.
AS the farm belt went into the Sec
ond week of crop destroying drought,
the only note of relief outside of
the weather mans promise of local
showers tonight or Wednesday was
a report that an assistant to Harry
L. Hopkins. national relief admins
traitor. would visit the stricken areas
to decide on relief policies.
He is Lawrence WeStbrO0k. who will
tour the rainless districts and report
his findings to Washington.
A blazing sun over most of the
Central West yesterday sent tempera-
lures rocketing. Many farmers were
forced to haul water long distances
for their cattle and other stock.
Lincoln, Nebr., had an unofficial
top of 90. In Missouri. Kansas City
chalked up a 80 for the record of
the day, while St. Louis sweltered un-
der a maximum of &c.
Council Bluffs, hottest spot in Iowa.
had a reading of 95 for the hottest
May in history.
On the heels of the drought came
reports of water shortages in several
city reservoirs, lack of feed, hay and
pasturage for stock. and an alarming
situation in small grains, which arc
suffering the most from heat and
dryness.
Evening star., 1934-05-08
FORMER ATTACHE
| ADDRESSES GROUP
Col. Carl Baldwin Speaks
to BrightWood Citizens.
Clayton Also Talks.

Col. Carl Baldwin, a former mill
tary attache in Toxic during the World
War, and William NICK. Clayton of
the Brightwod Citizens Association.
were guest speakers at the meeting last
night Of the Sixteenth Street High
lands Citizens Association.
Mr.. Clayton declared the Bright
wood Association would back the
Highlands group in the plan for
sunken garden at the old Sixteenth
Street Reservoir.
The history of Japan was outlined
by Col. Baldwin. He told of personal
experiences there during the World
War and compared conditions of that
day with those of the present.
Miss Dorothy w. Cook, daughter OF
Arthur E. Cook, secretary of the asso-
ciation, played the Japanese national
anthem and also other selections on
the piano.
Action on the enlargement Of Roose-
welt High School was referred to the
next meeting. in the Fall.
The proposed ban on all-night park
ing was considered too big a matter
to be discussed without investigation.
and discussion of this was postponed
until the next meeting.
Cleanup week in the District was
favored by the association.
The Better Homes Contest, sponsored
by The Washington Star, received IA
vorable comment and was termed a
great aid to the community.
Evening star., 1934-05-08
COLLEGE HEAD ADVISES
BOY FRIENDS FOR GIRLS
Wheaton President Tells Mothers
Too Many Are Better Than
None at All.

BY the Associated Press.
CLEVELAND. Ohio May 8.-Too
many boy friends for daughter are
not to be feared as much as none at
all. DR.. j. Edgar Park, president Of
Wheaton College, Norton, Mass, told
a group of mothers yesterday.
"A girl who has never been taught
to SWIM he said, cant be expected
to keep her head above water when
thrown into the sea"
Young women at his college get all
the masculine company they want on
week ends, he said. and it is "a very
healthful situation"
DR.. Park said originality. leadership
and versatility are to be found more
frequently in graduates of small girls
colleges than in graduates from larger
institutions, especially State universi-
ties.
Evening star., 1934-05-08
SOUTHERN WOMEN HELD
OUSTING CONSERVATISM
National Club Federation Repre-
sentative Cites Program to
Raise Economic Thought.

By the Associated Press.
ATLANTA, May 8.-Women of the
South are discarding conservatism
more rapidly than the women of any
other section of the United States.
said Mrs. Eudora Ramsey Richardson
of Richmond, Va, field representative
of the National Federation of Busi-
ness and Professional Women'S Clubs.
who was in Atlanta yesterday as the
guest of the local club.
'WOmen'S clubs" she declared
"have taken women from the narrow
confines of their home, helped them
to lose some of their individualism,
taught them initiative and to think
for themselves. Southern women are
thinking on social and economic ques-
tions and are throwing off conserva-
tism probably more than those in any
other section
A program of economic study de-
signed to raise the level of women's
economic thought is the objective of
the National Federation of Business
and Professional Women's Clubs,
stated Mrs. Richardson.
Evening star., 1934-05-08
WOODCOCK AIDS MEXICO
Seeks Extradition of Three From
Texas on Kidnap Charges.


LAREDO. Tex, May 8 LP).-Amos
w. w. Woodcock, special United
States attorney. arrived here yesterday
to represent the Mexican government
in its application for extradition of
three men on charges of kidnapping
Luis Lopez from Nuevo Laredo.
Mexico, in January.
He will participate in the hearing
Friday before Federal Judge T. M.
Kennerly.
Henry Keene, deputy marshal; Ed
Villareal, constable, and Thomas Her.
nandez were charged with the abduc-
ton. Lopez allegedly was forced to
cross the Rio Grande hanging to a
bathtub and was arrested on the
north side of the International boun-
Diary. He was wanted at San Antonio
on narcotic charge.
Evening star., 1934-05-08
$1,OO9.SOO in Salaries.

England will pay $1,000 800 in sala-
ries and $4,000 in expenses to its
members of Parliament this year.