davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1934-10-23
Victory for Vertical Union
Regarded as Radical Change

For reasons which need not now be
considered. this type of union made
so much trouble that it was tempo
rarily abandoned and the Knights
became negative force Craft
unionism, as exhibited in the Ameri-
can Federation of Labor, was success
ful in raising the standards of skilled
men, but not able to do as much
for the unskilled men,"
"The country will watch the progress
Of the vertical union, which has been
tried in England with satisfactory re-
suits" states the Youngstown Vindi-
Gator, while the Los Angeles Times
concludes: "Of1cers of the federation
know how to manipulate the craft
union set-up and any change might
endanger their hold on well-paid
sinecures. They recognize the dis
advantages Of craft organization.
which is a fertile breeder of 'jurisdic-
tionaP disputes and also of racketeer-
ing; but for them it has advantages.
The present organization is mixed, to
be sure, since the United Mine Work
ers, President Green's greatest main
stay, is union of the vertical type
Evening star., 1934-10-23
Evaporated Milk Is
Preferred to Fresh

To the Editor of The Star:
In relation to the interesting news
about cheaper milk for the relief roll
population of the District of Co
lumbia, it might be worth while to
note that the great relief organiza-
tions which the United States sup
ported in various countries Of Europe
during and following the World War
used evaporated milk and not fresh
milk
have been using evaporated milk
for over 80 years in preference to fresh
milk. It is prepared under the most
rigid scientific regulations, and can
holding 14.5 ounces Of condensed milk,
costing slightly under 6 cents at the
chain stores, represents the condensa-
ton of a quart of fresh milk and has
the same food value. I acquired this
habit during somewhat protracted
stays in the tropics and have re-
tanned the custom.
The widespread ballyhoos OF the
fresh-milk monopolies will probably
try to howl down the valuable sug-
gestion, but the fact remains that
condensed milk in equivalents quanti-
ties costs less than half as much as
fresh milk, has the same nutritive
value and considerably better keep
ing qualities.
HERBERT JANVRIN BROWNE.
Evening star., 1934-10-23

a daily disagreeable experience just
to do what some other human being
told them he did.
The theory was that II one sub
jected ones self to a cold shower
every morning ones skin would grow
accustomed to 1t and in time become
hardened.
Just how water was to achieve this
was never explained. AS q matter
of fact, it/won't harden skin. Water,
either hot or cold, softens.
The matter of personal tempera-
ment must rule here as elsewhere
and wise is man in his own sight
II he satisfies the demands of his
own system in such matters.
There are some persons who are
refreshed by very hot bath, others
who sTe left weak and dispirited by
the same.
Most likely the latter will receive
true benefit from slightly cool bath.
Water at "a degrees is what is called
neutral
Water at 80 degrees is cool to the
touch and is about as cold as many
persons should use for the morning
bath.
But If you listen to the wise ones
they will tell you exactly what degree
you ought to use, as If you had no
way of determining for yourself.
1t is the same with sleeping condi-
tions. One must have every window
up, even if the snow or rain blows in.
Do people observe these directions?
Some do, but many do not. They
put the windows up and down to
suit themselves. After all, they are
doing the sleeping.
Nobody else can sleep for you, and
after you have arrived at the So
called years Of discretion you ought
to be able to tell better than any one
else just how you sleep best.
Some OF the old Romans won
endless notoriety for themselves by
putting their skins in such a sensitive
condition that they resented even
the touch of rose leaves.
They got that way" by too much
bathing, and other uses of luxury;
for bathing, when overdone, can be
as luxurious, in the wrong sense, as
any true vice.
What is interesting about them,
however, was that they did know how
their own skins felt. Many persons
today. who have managed to build up
theories about everyday living, are per-
fectly willing to know how everybody
else's skin feels, or at least ought to
feel, they say.
X 4 4
When it comes to the question of
fresh air in the bed room, no one can
be against it. theoretically, but some
times in practice it is too much of
a good thing
Many person who has swallowed
the fresh air propaganda whole would
do better for themselves by closing
the windows, and using less cover.
AS it is, they weigh themselves down
with thick, heavy coverings and still
shiver.
They would be better of. and more
comfortable, certainly, If they would
leave OF so much covering, shut the
windows and sleep as they please, not
as some one else pleases for them.
Think Of all the poor folks who are
going to freeze themselves this Win
ter on the theory that they are doing
themselves good!
Let them, instead, "air out" their
room good before retiring-then put
down the windows and sleep in COM
fort And there will be no headache
in the morning, either.
Evening star., 1934-10-23

discriminating Here is prospect Of
something for little or nothing and 1t
is worth taking q chance. even by
way of q continent expedition.
1t may be that this inflow will be
embarrassing If the blithe proponent
of the new plan is elected and starts
his project. So far as known there is
no requirement of a period of resi-
dence in the State to qualify for par
ticipation in the scheme. In fact.
those who have analyzed the Sinclair
plan find it rather sketchy in its
specifications. Yet it evidently "lis-
tens good" to those who are now fol-
lowing the footsteps of the forty
miners.
Evening star., 1934-10-23
One Less Qesnerado.

Another public enemy has fallen,
slain in capture. Charles Floyd, whose
crirle-world sobriquet was Pretty
Boy" with a record of desperate
crimes, has paid the penalty of death.
Now remains, of the notorious and
dangerous lawbreakers for whom the
Federal agents are seeking, George
Nelson. likewise the bearer of a nick
name. Baby Face" slayer of men,
ber of the Department of Justice
force in the futile attempt to capture
Dillinger in Wisconsin last April. And
possibly John Hamilton, another of
the once formidable Dillinger gang, is
still at large, though of his survival
Of wounds known to have been inf1ict-
ed upon him there is some doubt.
Floyd's capture and death demon
strates anew the efficiency of Federal
pursuit under the new legislation
which permits the Government to en-
gage directly in the detection and
punishment of certain crimes, regard
less of State boundaries and jurisdic-
tions. The futility of fight across
lines is proved. Under the former
conditions if Floyd had managed to
get over into West Virginia or Per -
sylvania, a short distance from the
scene Of his last lawless activities, the
chances of his escape would have been
far better. He probably knew this.
The gangsters keep fully abreast Of
the news.
The more widely broadcast the fact
Evening star., 1934-10-23

assumption that what has been ac-
complished elsewhere can easily be
duplicated in Washington. They have
not been "stung" hard enough to do
either the consumer any real good or
the milk trust any real harm.
To combat the milk combination, its
brutality, ruthlessness and unethical
business standards, together with its
great wealth, is a herculean task.
When Mr.. and Mrs Consumer person.
ally suffer economic pains they will
be more determined to do something
about it than when just informed that
an economic wrong exists and that
they ought, for the sake Of themselves
and fellow consumers, to take steps to
correct it. A consumer producer milk
cooperative association has for its
object the elimination Of profit In the
distribution end of the business. It
is not socialism but can be more or
less effectively misinterpreted as such.
4 DEWEY A. ANDERSON.
Evening star., 1934-10-23
Profits Can Not
Be Eliminated
TO the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor OF The star:
According to newspaper reports,
Prof. John Dewey of the Peoples Lobby
believes that profit may be eliminated
In the world of trade. II so, he fails
to realize that the elimination OF
profit would mean empty pantries Tor
all of us, rich and poor alike. Our
back yards will not produce bread
and butter and the other necessities
of the table, and if they would there
are many, very many Of us who have
no back yards which could be used
for such a purpose. And ravens are
no longer furnishing bread and meat,
as they did for Elijah of Bible fame.
No one who knows the genial, kindly
doctor doubts his sincerity or his real
desire to bring about better conditions
in the world, but in trying to elm
mate profit he. is attempting the i'm
possible. It cannot be done. Like
individualism and capitalism, profit
may be controlled but not abolished.
As soon may we expect to accomplish
perpetual motion, or q trip to the
planet Mars. CALEB s. MILLER.
Evening star., 1934-10-23
Suggests Eternal Light
On Top of Monument

To the Editor OF The Star:
The Library of Congress, directly
overlooking the Washington Monu-
ment, gives one the privilege of en-
joying splendid view of the obelisk
silhouetted against many golden
sunset, with its crimson hueS stretch
ing far beyond the Arlington Hills.
With the coming of dusk, the Monu-
ment becomes even more resplendent
and new charms arise as its lofty head
seems nestled in the clouds.
With the advent of the airplane,
this token of remembrance of a de-
parted generation has taken on the
aspect of Halloween festival with its
Jack o. lantern" symbolism, which
could be witnessed by a glance at the
Monument after nightfaI. This nee
essary evil has detracted much from
the serene and quiet dignity of the
memorial
Since the ravages of nature have
made it necessary that the Monument
be encircled with scaffolding for re-
pair, may I venture to suggest that
now would be the opportune moment
to do something to regain that serene
and quiet dignity.
One description Of the Monument
states that the topmost stone Of the
pyramidion, weighing $500 pounds, is
approximately four and one-haH feet
high, with three-foot base tapering
to five inches in diameter at the top,
where the aluminium cap 1its on. This
aluminium cap, chosen because It will
not tarnish, is nine inches in height.
In this modern era when the SEEM
ingly impossible is done, and miracles
wrought in stone all around US, per-
haps it is feasible to assume that
architectural and lighting engineers
could substitute this aluminium can
and a fraction Of the topmost stone,
If necessary, without imparing in the
least the symmetrical form of the py-
ramidion, with a transparent element
lighted from within. With the in
genuity and resoucefulness of the
modern architect. the aluminium can
could be transformed into cleaning,
flawleSs white diamond, rendering less
hazardous the path Of the birdfaan:
while still proclaiming symbolically
the noble virtues Of the country's first
President. MAYER B. STONE.
Evening star., 1934-10-23
Bankers Should Abstain
From Political Debates
To the Edltor o. The Star:

To the Editor OF The Star:
Speaking last week before a small
group Of life insurance men here In
Washington, Mr.. John H. Thompson,
vice president and mathematician of
the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Co.
Of Newark, N. j., said, in substance,
that 1t was a grave mistake for officers
or agents of mutual insurance COM
panies to enter into debates upon
purely political matters. He pointed
out that large mutual life insurance
companies represent the interests Of
hundreds of thousands of policy hold
ers of widely different political beliefs.
He further recalled how some life in
surance officials felt justified in con-
tributing to the so-called sound money
campaign Of Mckinley and how later
these political contributions became
sufficiently common to bring down
upon the heads Of the insurance COM
panies the Armstrong investigation and
the stringent laws which now prevent
these practices.
With the American Bankers Asso-
citation meeting in Washington this
week, 1t seems that this sage advice Of
one Of the country's outstanding life
insurance officials might be taken to
heart by them. Not only are the
bankers Of this country in a position
Of trust, handling the money Of ap-
proximately seventy-five millions Of de-
positors, many Of whom perhaps are
as we'll informed as they on monetary
and economic matters and who like
wise hold widely divergent opinions,
but, in addition, by reason of our
banking laws, these bankers are the
trustees for the entire national credit
structure upon which the welfare of
the whole Nation depends. The pub
lie, in so far as the elections to date
have signified, has approved the broad
social measures Of the present admin
istration. If the bankers are to be
continued as trustees in charge of the
public credit structure, it will be only
because they cooperate cheerfully
with the will OF the American people.
DWIGHT T. SCOTT.
Evening star., 1934-10-23
Radios New Role.

useful role in the realm of European
American understanding. 1t is plan
ned to exchange between the United
States and various countries on the
other side of the Atlantic a more
or less regular series of broadcaSts,
designed to interpret American life
and times to Europeans and Euro
pean life and times to Americans
For the moment there is mention
only of programs to be sent from
here to Great Britain and of an
American hour" from Rome. But
presumably If sufficient listener inter-
est manifests itself on both sides of
the ocean, the international program
will be extended until it embraces an
exchange of talks between the United
States and many countries "over
there"
Appropriately enough, this new VEN
ture to get the world better ac-
quainted with itself by radio will be
inaugurated in Italy, the land of
Marconi and under the personal aus
pices of that original wizard of wire
less. He will himself be the first
speaker on October %, the twelfth
anniversary of the Fascist march on
Rome. Later on other eminent
Italians will address the American
radio audience, including Count volpi,
who negotiated the Italo-American
debt settlement at Washington; Gen.
Balbo, the Fascist trans Atlantic avia-
ton hero; Luigi Pirandello, whose
plays are we'll known in this country,
and Luigi Fedezoni, president of the
Italian Senate.
The British Broadcasting Corpora
ton, semi-government department,
plans before many weeks to have a
number of outstanding Americans ad-
dress John Bulls listeners on a pro-
gram series entitled American Points
Of View" The B. B. c. has found that
there is such widespread British popu-
lar interest in the New Deal that it
has decided to invite spokesmen of
various shades Of American opinion to
broadcast to Britain on current trends
and developments of our recovery era.
Among those tentatively listed for the
purpose are Secretary of Labor Fran
ces Perkins, Senator Borah, Gov. WI
nant, Sidney Hillman, Stuart Chase,
Sinclair Lewis, William Allen White
and Owen D. Young, an uncommonly
representative group. Broadcasts to
us by equally representative Britons
will be in natural order.
Late events in Europe proved that
international radio has possibilities
for evil as well as for good. A witness
testified before the Federal COMMUNE
cations Commission in Washington
the other day that history probably
will describe the late Chancellor DOLL
fuss as radios first casualty" 1t
was explained that his assassination
was unquestionably the outcome of
the seditious Nazi propaganda which
Hitler's Munich broadcaSting station
SO long spread throughout Austria.
In the European-American radio
programs now projected scrupulous
care will have to be taken that propa-
ganda of any kind is Systematically
cut out. American listeners will be
keenly receptive for facts, analysis and
Interpretation from the other side, but
they will be quick to recognize and re-
sent anything that patiently savors of
attempts to mobilize American pub
lie opinion in favor of selfish European
interests or of any forms of govern
ment that are repugnant to American
ideals.
Evening star., 1934-10-23

who was depicted by his creator,
Balzac, as having all the qualities of
the commercial traveller and de-
scribed by the author as. the herp of
commerce. The statue Of Gaudissart
is based on the illustrations by Ga
varni and Henri Monnier for Bal
zac's Coincide Humane"
Q. At what age does COW give the
most milk?--W. T.
A. Usually a cow natures in milk
production when six years old and
produces the maximum for the next
four years.
@. How long has Hawaii had O writ
ten language?-G. H.
A. The written language dates from
the time Of the arrival OF missionaries
in 1920.
@. What Is the meaning and origin
Of the expression, send TO Coventry"
C. L.
A. To send one to Coventry is TO take
no notice Of him, to make him feel that
he is In disgrace by having no deal
tngs with him. 1t Is said that the
citizens Of Coventry had at one time
so great a dislike to soldiers that .
woman seen speaking to one was in
Stantly taboo; hence, when q soldier
was sent to Coventry he was cut on
from all social intercourse. A differ
ent version is that Coventry was
stronghold Of the parliamentary
party in the civil wars, and that
troublesome and refractory royaliSt
prisoners were sent there for safe
custody.
@. How large is Palermo Park at
BuenoS Aires?-R. w. S.
A. This beautiful park is 1900 acres
in extent.
@. How many trips has Capt Rob-
ert Bartlett made to the Far NORTH
G. H.
A He has recently completed his
forty-hrst expedition there, and has
sailed his vessel more than 100000
miles in Arctic waters.
@. What is the difference between
direct relief and relief work?-H. M.
A. The expression, direct relief,
means money and goods given directly
to needy individuals. The expression
is used to distinguish it from relief
work, which means work arranged for
in order to give employment to some
one in need.
@. What kind Of marble was verde
antique?-E. McC.
A. 1t was a serpentine marble--also
a calcareous serpentine-with a
veined structure showing various
shades Of green, possibly through
some infiltration of copper. It was
much used by the ancient Romans for
interior decoration.
@. Please give brief history of the
Cabin John Bridge.-M. F.
A. The Cabin John Bridge was
erected about 1860 by Gen. Montgom-
cry G.. Meigs. The bridge spans Cab
in John Run about 7 miles north
west of Washington, D. c., and is a
part of the aqueduct system. The
arch spanning the bridge is 220 feet
across at the base and los feet in
height. The entire length is 5s4 feet.
The thickness of the bridge above the
arch is 141z feet and it is 40 feet in
width. Until few years ago It was
the largest stcne arch in the world.
@. How much territory did Ger.
many lose in the war?-M. c. r.
A. Germany lost, through the
World War, 27,275 square miles Of
territory.
Evening star., 1934-10-23
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL.

One Of the healthiest persons in
Washington came up with a great
air Of secrecy.
TN tell you something" he said,
"if you won't tell anybody"
He revealed that all last Winter
he slept with the windows down tight,
and liked 1t.
A victim of the fresh air" fad all
his life, he continued, he had at last
taken a very bold step.
He had put the windows down.
The rest of the family said he
would come down with some illness
at once, but that was weeks ago
months ago, and here he was hale
and hearty.
He thought he had done something
very daring, indeed, in thus defying
the common tradition, but the fact
seems to be that many persons have
come to a like conclusion.
Science is not altogether against
them. 1t is said that the traditional
preference of students for closed win
dows may have sound basis,
after all.
Experiments have been conducted
tending to prove that air, rich in
carbon dioxide, has a selective in
fiuence on the circulation, sending
more blood to the head than to the
rest of the body.
Perhaps this has little to do with
sleeping, when blood is best out of
the head
Yet there may be some relation,
an obscure one, perhaps, but none the
less binding.
Many persons have found out to
their own satisfaction that sleeping
warm is better-for them-than
sleeping cold, let others say what they
will. One gentleman, vino got his
name in the papers some years ago,
even went to the extent of surround
ing himself with electric lights, so
that he might sleep raw in Winter
This kept his body warm, while per-
mitting his head to stick through
into the fresh air. The contraption
was modification of the so-called
sleeping tent.
1t is queer thing that people have
been willing to sleep with a very cold
face in Winter and a very warm one
in Summer. The latter mostly be-
cause until the last few years there
was no way to get away from it ex-
cept to go to the seashore or noun
tain.
y r
Many persons will find it best for
them to sleep to suit themselves, not
the preconceived theories of others
This holds good in the matter OF
food. and also in that of sleeping.
Hard and fast rules of all sorts
must be modified in the everyday art
of living to suit the individual.
1t has been said that a man Is
either a fool or his own physician by
the age of 80 years.
There is something in that, how
ever one chooses to look at it,
Consider for a moment the matter
of cold bathing.
Once We were treated to pictures OF
wild-looking young men and women
taking Snow baths" and If they en-
joyed them, why all right, but GER
tainly the average human being would
be a sort of goose to step out into
the snow in a bathing suit, even to
show of.
Il y Il n
The cold bath once was boosted as
a general cure all for the common
cold"
Many persons heroically endured
Evening star., 1934-10-23
Calls for Plenty of Buses
In the Place of Street Cars
To the Editor OF The Star;

10 the EQltOr OF Inc oIdEs
You have printed so many letters
from friends and stockholders of the
street railway company that I wish
you would find space for a few re-
marks on the other side Of the ques-
ton.
am sure that if more persons
lived along or very near street car
lines they would not be so impatient
of criticism of heavy, noisy and dusty
street cars, which are both inadequate
to meet our transportation needs and
outdated.
Ny home faces a street car line in
Georgetown. The track is very bumpy
and the heavy cars shake down bits
of plaster and jar pictures out OF
line. Between rains the sand dumped
on the track for unnecessarily quick
starts is ground to a fine white
powder which seeps in under doors
and windows and ruins the finish
on automobiles left more than min
utes before the house. The noise from
motors, wheels and bells sometimes
a speeding car will use its air whistle
at crossings) wakes babies and In
valids and is hideous to any one suf-
fering from illness.
Street cars are being rapidly re-
placed by busses in many cities
throughout the Middle West. In OK
ford, England, a city Of $4,000, all
trans were replaced by buSses a few
years ago and the residents now Won
der why they put up with street cars
SO long before making the change.
Consequently am an enthusiastic
supporter of the movement to sub
stitute bus lines (plenty of theml for
all existing street car lines. If the
buses cannot carry the traffic in GER
tain routes, build subways. Washing
ton is the only important capital lack
ing this cheap. speedy and convenient
means of transportation. We are
growing rapidly, but We cannot ever
hope to become a ivable city until
we can offer an inexpensive yet
civilized way Of getting about.
JOHN KNEMUIR.
Evening star., 1934-10-23
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDgR JOHNSON.
Selection.

Selection.
want a candidate who shows per-
fection
When called upon to answer duty's
call;
Whose impulse never takes wrong
direction
And whose moral worth is very far
from small.
But human frailty is so persistent
We're sure to hear the answer with
regret.
Perfection still remains trifie distant.
You've got to take the best that
you can get.
You may build Utopia in imagination,
You may figure out plan of proper
thrift,
Declaring with an undisguised elation
That a man of might our burden
soon will lift.
The oracle of history, replying.
The same old answer will before us
set:
Though for ideals bravely you are
trying,
You've got to take the best that you
can get"