davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-07-06

get off the land, vscate the shacks
in which they and their families
are housed, or else to get a job and
pay rent. Or, if they want to, the
landlord tells them, they can plant
subsistence crops on a portion OF
his land-not money crops such as
cotton, but only beans, vegetables
things for home consumption. OF
this subsistence crop the landlord
demands big share. 1t is actual
serfdom, slavery!
The cropper, who sees how much
of his toll will go to the landlord
for the miserable privilege of living
in small hut or shack, refuses to
plant subsistence crop and goes
to the local Relief Administration
But
The landlords have already
turned in the names of the choppers
who refuse to be victimized in this
manner to the relief heads Cwho
are also landlords). The troopers
when they apply for relief work, are
told that they have already refused
work offered to them, and are
therefore not entitled to relief Jobs
The cropper is thus finally forced
to return to the landlord under even
more miserable terms. 1T is
Murphy said, actually forced la
bor!"
THEN, Murphy said, there is the
Gin Tax Law, a compulsory law
under the Agricultural Administra-
ton Act, under which all cotton
above a set allotment is taxed five
cents on the pound, or so per cent
of the market price for ginning
The County Control Committee
composed naturally of landlords
posts list of how many bales car
be ginned tax-free. They send out
tax-exemption certificates, getting
all for themselves as a rule. Tht
poor farmers, tenants and cropper.
sometimes get few, but never more
than a few, Of these valuable GER
tificates. Their crops, when in scat.
tered cases they have not beer
plowed under, are therefore al
taxed exorbitantly. In addition the
Negro troopers must pay for stor-
age, and interest on money Dor.
rowed from the government. They
cannot, as a result, sell their crops
without losing more than the croI
cost to produce. In any event, they
cannot even begin to compete witt
the tax-exempt crops of the land.
lords.
Concluded Tomorrow
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-07-06
BY ED WIN ROLFE

per. Both of them had to sign the
check at the bank in order to get
the money
"Fo- example, if a joint check
for say, 5000, was received by the
landlord, he got the sharecropper
to sign it, and then, instead of turn
ing the troopers fair share over
to him, he would deduct all debts
of the past season, many of them
fictitious debts raised to enormous
amounts by the landlords own
bookkeeping. The result was that
the cropper got no money from
the government for destroying his
crop-his sole means of iving-but
found himself, instead, either pen
niless, or both penniless and still in
debt to the landlord"
Insulting a White Woman"
In connection with this, Murphy
described the means whereby the
white landlords intimidate the Ne
gro choppers into giving up their
hard-eaEned money The landlord
gets his wife to sit in on the con-
ference at which the debts are set
tied Often he even has his wife
take care of the matter alone. In
either case, if the Negro cropper
sees how he is being cheated, and
raises strenuous or militant OBJ
jections TO the fake bookkeeping, he
is told that he called them liars"
or that he "insulted whit e
woman" The results of such charges
are too tragically well-known to
need restatement.
Since the ploughed-under part of
the land is not the landlords, the
chopper is left with no crop, no
money-considerably worse off than
the year before when, he at least,
had his crop. And the landlord
profits hundredfold, since the
ploughing under Of the vast cotton
land raises the price of the cotton
grown on his land. In this vicious
way does the New Deal program
resolve itself
Forced Labor System
ANOTHER result of the MIRA.
n program in the South has been
the extension of the forced labor
system. Because of the reduced cot
ton acreage, landlords on big plan
tationS fire considerable numbers of
their laborers. One big landlord,
Murphy stated, reduced the plows
on his land from 1870 to 80, thus
throwing fifty troopers out of work.
Then, since there is no work for
them. they are told that they must
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-07-06
Teachers Union
Elects R. F. Lowry
Refuses To Reverse No.
Strike Policy

CHICAGO tFP0.-Raymond F.
Lowry Of Toledo was elected presi-
dent of the American Federation of
Teachers, defeating President Henry
T. Linville of New York, in the final
session of the 18th annual conven-
ton at Chicago. Florence Curtis
Hanson was reelected secretary
treasurer, but announced that she
would not seek another term in
1885.
Most of the liberal, pacifist and
anti-imperialist resolutions were
passed by the convention, which
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-07-06
Union Leaders of Car
Men in Chicago Take
Measly 3-Cent Raise

CHICAGO, July 5.-The Quinlan-
Taber machine which dominates
the Amalgainted Association of
Street, Electric and Motor Coach
Employees, again betrayed their
rank and file members yesterday by
accepting compromise agreement
on wages with the Chicago Surface
Lines.
The wage increase demanded by
the union of 10 per cent. was whit
tied down to a measly 3 per cent.
by negotiations between the COM
pany and union leaders.
also endorsed industrial as against
craft trade 1IniO0isrn
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-07-06
.l6lDelegates atAuto
Workers Union Meet
MapRecruitinggDrive
Big Shops Represented; Take Up Mass LayOAs,
Fight Company Unions, One Class
Struggle Union, and Demands
By ]. WILSON

DETROIT, Mich, July 4-The Auto Workers Union
Conference that took place June 30 at 1863 18th St. had
61 delegates from organizations with 13487 members Del
egates present from shops included Ford Briggs Hudson
and all the large shops of the city.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-07-06

x. A. STOHR
dOoNei Lie Coh- handed a Daily"
test for the learns the truth
other nriZes ends about the bosses;
September /. narsr n" ~ as.o 'ne
The entire gets as subsfn
force of Daily Bolivar, N. Y. He's
Worker agents S, snu %, m er
is to be reOr-
ganiZed for better route distribu-
ton and street sales. All left over
copie: will be distributed weekly
in selected residential areas, with
explanatory leaflet inserte d.
Franklin, Easton and ChOuteau
AYES. are to be worked for in
creased newsstand representation
and sales.
The most aggressive Red Builders
will be assigned to the Terminal
Yards, the Chevrolet plant and the
Independent Packing Company
with added provisions for financially
attractive routes and street corners
To Train Red Builders
Weekly training classes will be
held, with the most successful
Red Builders acting as instructors.
Training will cover best methods
for selecting and using slogans
from the days news, contracting
factory workers, etc.
In addition, the plan calls for
frequent discussions of the Daily
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-07-06
St. Louis
increases
QuOta2OO
Now Seeking 500 New
DAILY Readers;
X. c. Tagging

ST. LOUIS.-Not being satisfied
with its modest quota Of $50, Dis
trict 81 (St. Louis announces it
will seek 500 new readcSs. Through
an energetic plan of action, 81 new
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-07-06

organizer for the union. The goal
is to increase the paid up circula-
ton Of the paper from $500 to 1000
in months.
One Of the high-spots Of the con-
ference was the report Of the A.
w. U. delegate from Grand Rapids,
Mich. He told how they carried on
a fight for the demands of the
workers and we're able TO recruit
practically the whole shop and at
the same time smash the company
union.
Nat Ganley, Trade Union Unity
League organizer, spoke, stressing
the following as the main tasks for
auto workers % To build and
strengthen the AWU. To increase
the circulation of the Auto Work
erS' News. ~ To consolidate the
rank and file opposition in the AFL
locals and connect them on ma
| tional scale. Against small split
offs and for the development Of in
dependent struggle over the heads
Of the bureaucratS. 90 To develop
struggle in the shops by forming
United Action Committees (AWU.
MESA, AFL, unorganized workers.
with similar committees around
the shops in the neighborhoods to
fight for relief for laid-off auto
workers. a. AS the first step
towards forming one all-inclusive
industrial union in the industry to
work towards the merger of the
AWU and MESA into one union,
controlled by the rank and file, with
a class struggle policy.
Program of Demands.
John Pace, militant leader of the
unemployed, spoke on the dire need
Of joint action of the employed and
unemployed
A delegate from Ternstedt re-
ported on how the President of the
AFL in the plant had quit and gone
over to the company union and
urged all members Of the AF'L to
follow suit.
The conference adopted a resolu-
ton for the release of Ernst Thael-
mann, leader Of the German work.
ers, the Scottsboro boys, Mooney
and several others.
! T h conference unanimously
adopted the proposed program,
which called for setting up Joint
committees to fight for relief. re-
cruiting 1000 new members in three
months, increasing the sale of the
Auto Workers News, and adopted
the following demands.
l. Against the company unions.
For the right to organize into
unions Of their own choice. Against
the Automobile Labor Board ard
the menace of compulsory arbitra-
ton. 2. Against the wage-cuts and
low wages, speed-up and cheating
bonus schemes. Equal paysfor equal
workers. 3. For relief to all unem-
ployed workers to be paid by the
employers and city government.
All funds paid-advanced by the
company-not to be paid back.
Union wages to be paid for relief
jobs at not less than 75c per hour.
Two weeks lay-off pay. For H.R.
1898. 4. For a 30-hour week, g.
hour day, 5-day week. 5. No dis
elimination against Negroes, women
and youth in securing jobs.
Delegates to TUUC.
DETROIT. Mich, July 5.-Local
unions in the auto industry, brass,
sausage workers, office workers.
BARRIERS, ETC., have already elected
two delegates each to the first
meeting of the Detroit Trade Union
Unit Council, July 8, 1870 P. M, at
loa West Hancock St. Other locals
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-07-06

camps where single men are herded
and made to work "a hours a week
for food and lodging.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-07-06

I CdQC4 > NElG du-
ded by the time
the first tabula-
lions appeared.
Contest Among
Organizations
c allin G on
very P ar t y
member to Sc
cure at least one
new trial sub a
months for 81
by August First,
the Dis trio t
Committee h a 6
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-07-06

Pity the Poor Employers
THE N.R.A. paints a pitifuI pic
ture of the situation of the
poor textile manufacturers. Their
profits have jumped since last
year, their executives get huge
salaries. The hated wage differen-
tial was put into effect by the
N.R.A., making the southern tex
tile workers slaves for pittance.
Then came the curtailment which
made the minimum code wages,
already at starvation levels, mean
ingless, and cut real wages rs per
cent by instituting part time
work. The speed-up has been
greatly increased under N.R.A.
The textile workers are seething
with strike sentiment because of
the unbearable conditions which
the N.R.A. has enforced on them.
All this, of course, is left out OF
the NR.A.'s impartial report.
The report, in it's conclusion. bases
its refusal to advocate wage in
creases, on the grounds that LAS
the cotton workers themselves prob
ably purchase less than l per cent
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-07-06

mum by Sept. l,
tn e con t e S t
finishing on Oc-
tober l at II M,
and G. P. and
Y.C.L. members
in St. Louis can
only participate
for this prize
through the or
ga MIA tion S
m e n t / o n e d
ahnVe Tho non
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-07-06

way out yOHoer IN - -
the great Northwest n n o un C c
BOB HAMILTON Of prize conte'
handles osrrisr for organization
route. Doorstep participating /
talks on the d. W. h campaign
u ~ The first prize
trip to the Soviet Union (requir
ing a minimum of 100 2-mont
subs). Others include a picture {
Joe Jones; sets of the Marx-Leni
Library; a free scholarship to tn
Workers School for the Fall tern
and a $500 food basket.
The contest is open to Section
with affiliated organizations Gas
st. Louis, Madison, etc.; Interna
tionsl Workers Order Gall branche
in st. Louis; Unemployed Council
Gall branches; Croatian Clubs Ca
branches; Food Workers Industris
Union, and Section 4, with affiliate
organizations (Kansas City, Joplin
etc.
Contenders for the trip to tn
Soviet Union must reach their min
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-07-06

Worker and its
contents in open
meetings con
d u C t e d by the
Un e m ploye d
G GU n C Is and
other orga n j.
cations. D a il y
Worker cores =
pondents will be
a p p o / n t e d
by each organi-
cation to report
on their strug-
giles and actions.
Each week, the
b e S t D a ii y
Worker achieve
ment of the pre-
vious week will
be popularized at
open air and
things
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-07-06
Delegates to TUUC.

DETROIT. Mich, July 5.-Local
unions in the auto industry, brass,
sausage workers, Office workers,
BARRIERS, ETC., have already elected
two delegates each to the first
meeting of the Detroit Trade Union
Unit Council, July 8, 1870 P. NJ, at
l0a West Hancock st. Other locals
are asked to respond. At this meet
ing the TUUL will adopt bylaws,
a plan of work, and elect officers.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-07-06

says the report. No figures are given
to substantiate this statement. Cost
of raw material has increased over
100 per cent, with the processing
tax taken into account"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-07-06

organizational meetings.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1934-08-17
HELP TO MOD.
IFY CLIMATE


President Roosevelt's plan for the
esta blishment of vast shelter belt
of trees across the drought-stricken
Great Plains, while representing by
far the largest reforestation project
of its kind ever undertaken in this
country, is not the first attempt ever
made to modify climatic and agricul-
tural conditions by tree planting, ac-
cording to the Forest Service, Unit
ed. States Department of Agriculture.
One of the most famous large
scale tree-planting projects was be-
gun more than so years ago on the
steppes of Southern Russia, where
conditions are in many ways similar
to those of the prairie regions of this
country. Protection forest strips
we're planted over thousands of acres
as a defence against the 'black dust
storms" caused by the heavy winds
which ragged over the plains. Stud
les show that the forest belts reduce
the average wind velocity between
the strips by 35 per cent during
summer and about 20 per cent dur
ing the winter. Evaporation of
moisture between the strips, as con-
trasted with open prairie areas, is re-
duced by 80 per cent, and yields of
grain in a typical dry year were
more than a quarter ton per acre
greater than in the open prairie.
The Landes region of France. is
another striking example of the con-
quest of man over the inimlcal forces
of nature. Forest planting here has
reclaimed thousands of acres of
waste lands and has vastly improved
living conditions. Largescale forest
paintings have also been carried on
in more recent years in Italy and
Hungary for reclamation of waste
lands and the prevention of erosion.
A notable reforestation project
was begun by the Forest Service
some 80 years ago IN western Ne
braska, and a green, growing forest,
already yielding some timber, now
covers thousands of acres of what
were formerly barren sandhills. The
area is now the Nebraska National
Forest.
The Forest Service has made ex-
tensive studies of existing and wind
break paintings in Nebraska and
Kansas, and has found windbreaks
effective in reducing surface velocity
of the wind to distance at least 20
times the height of the trees. Their
effect in conserving soil moisture,
preventing movement of the soil by
winds, and in increasing crop yields
has also been noted.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1934-08-17
MARKETING FARM COMMODI-
TIES

That a plan for marketing all
farm commodities might be develop
ed along the same general lines as
the plan that has been followed sue
cessfully in marketing dairy pro-
ducts, is the opinion of DR.. T. b.
Symons, director of the Extension
Service. This provides for payment
of so-called basic price for spec
flied quota of the production and
sale of any surplus above that quota
at such price as the market will pay.
He believes it is entirely feasible for
a method to be developed whereby
individual farmers may be assured,
in advance of planting, a parity price
for the production on a specified
acreage of the several commodities.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1934-08-17
CROP REDUCTION AND SURPLUS
PRODUCTION NOT NEW TO
MARYLAND

Attempts at crop reduction and
trouble with surplus production is
not new to Maryland farmers, DR..
Thomas B. Symons, director of the
Extension Service, said in a recent
address before members of the
Prince Georges County Pomona
Grange. He pointed to the fact
that, according to history, as long as
1866 an act was passed by the as
semblies of Maryland, Virginia ami
North Carolina, and approved by the
governors of the three colonies,
which provided for cessation of to-
bacco planting for one year.
Upon hearing of the action of the
various governors and that of their
respective assemblies, DR.. Symons
stated, the Proprietary of the Mary
land Province, Cecil Calvert, refused
his sanction. In the act passed at
that time it was set forth that ITO
bacco is the only commodity by
which this Province doth at present
subsist, which, by the unlimited free
dom of all persons to plant of the
quantity and at the time they please,
hath glutted all markets for divers
years last past"
Following the opposition of Lord
Baltimore to the proposition of de-
claring years cessation Of tobacco
planting, DR.. Symons told the Grang-
ers, a substitute proposition was
brought forward, to which he also
dissented sharply. This proposition
advocated that date be set in the
summer, after which it would be un-
lawful to plant any more tobacco.
The following year after this pro-
posal, he said, this section was visit
ed by the worst hurricane that had
been experienced, which is reported
to have destroyed three-fourths of
the tobacco crop and must have had
the effect of considerable "cessa-
ton" of planting.
The question OF declaring a years
cessation of tobacco planting came
up number Of times subsequently,
notably in 1881 and 1882, but no
record is found of any attempt to
carry out measures along that line,
DR.. Symons said.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1934-08-17
BIRTHS AND DEATHS THIS YEAR
AND LAST YEAR

A report prepared by the Bureau
of Vital Statistics of the State De-
partment Of Health shows that 49,
$50 deaths were reported during the
first six months of the current year
in comparison with 1858 during
the corresponding period of last
year. Though this is an increase
over the total reported last year, it
is less than the number for any 9TH
er year except 1888, since 1929.
The total deaths reported during the
first six months of 1929, and for the
corresponding period of the years
since then were as follows: 1929,
11,945; 1880, 11,0SS; 1881, 11,731;
1882, 11,O61; 1888, 10,658; 1884,
1O,98O.
OF the 1O,9SO deaths reported
during the current year, 923 were
under one year, 1888 from one to
"a years; 1884 from rs to "A years
and 7,44O in the group from As to
"a years old or older.
OF these deaths, more than half
5,8O6-or 52.9 of the totals from all
causes were due to what are known
as the degenerative diseases of mid
die life or old age. Heart disease
led with 2,402 deaths; Bright's d.
sease came next with 1887; cancer
was third with 1929 deaths. There
were 897 deaths from cerebral hem
orrhage or apoplexy and 211 from
diabetes.
There was an encouraging de-
crease in the deaths from tubercu-
losis-674 reported in the first six
months of this year in comparison
with 724 during the same period of
last year.
There were 13,421 births reported
during the half year, $50 in Balti-
more City and 1851 in the counties
in comparison with 1927 during
the corresponding period Of 1888,
1858 in Baltimore city and lila In,
the counties. There were 923 deaths
under one year, 424 in Baltimore
city, in comparison with ST. in
1888, 400 In Baltimore city and 46s
IL the counties,
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1934-08-17

The farm dollar is coming up, a
little at a time. The Bureau of Ag-
ricultural Economies reports that
the farmers dollar increased three
whole cents in the last month, SO
that it now stands at &C cents. How
ever, when we look back and recall
that the farm dollar at this time last
year was worth II cents, it tells us
that we still have long way to go
before fair parity will be established.
The index of farm prices is. reported
as 80 on July Is, which is the high
est it has stood since June, 1881.
But the things which the farmers
have to buy also broke the jumping
records by a big margin, SO that the
famous gap" is still there.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1934-08-17
Disqualification of an "overwheIm-

Disqualification of an "overwhelm-
ing sentiment in favor of the can
didacy of Harry w. Nice" prompted
Mayor Walter E. Quenstedt of An
napolis to forsake his own Guberna-
torial ambitions and enter his name
as the candidate for Clerk of the
Court of Appeals under the Nice
banner.
In a statement made public Thurs
day, the three-term Mayor of the
State capital, called his former rival
sthe most popular Republican in
Maryland today"
The withdrawal of Mayor Quen-
stedt leaves two other candidates for
Republican nomination in the field.
They are H. Webster Smith and Sen
ator Phillips Lee Goldsborough.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1934-08-17

Harry T. Phoebus, of Creole, a
candidate for the Republican nomi-
nation for Comptroller, on Friday,
announced his withdrawal from the
race to permit w. Newton Jackson,
Of Salisbury, to run for the post on
the State ticket headed by H. Web
ster Smith
At the same time, G. Wilbur Miller
chairman of the Republican State
Central Committee of Baltimore
county, announced his candidacy for
the United States Senate and issued
a statement in which he charged the
New Deal swept aside the American
Constitution and is attempting to
erect ON it's ruins vast socialism. =.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1934-08-17

Arthur E. Hungerford, Maryland
director of the National Emergency
Council, has been appointed State
director of the Better Housing Divi-
sion of the Council and placed in
charge of the Federal Governments
program to put men back to work by
repairing and remodeling homes in
Maryland.
The first part Of the housing pro-
gram, that which went into effect on
Monday, deals only with the repair
ing Of homes. New building con-
struction is not expected to be finan-
ced or to start until spring.
Loans may be made by banks,
aoan companies or building and loan
associations to home owners, archi-
xects or contractors. The maximum
amount of each loan is $4,000, and
of this the Government guarantees
that twenty per cent, or $500, will
be repaid. The loan may be repaid
III installments up to year.