davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1934-02-12
Opposes Present Plan.

In this connection, want TO say
have always opposed the principles of
the Watres bill, under which the
Evening star., 1934-02-12
OPPOSES ARMY
FLYING A|RMA|L
House Post Office Commit.
tee Head Against Perma-
nent U. S. Operation.
BY JAMES MEAD,

Chairman. House Post once COMMITTEES.
Economically 1t would be most un-
wise for the Army or any other Gov
eminent agency to continue perma-
nently to carry the mail.
1t would also be unwise for rea-
sons other than purely economic
notably from the standpoint of mill
Evening star., 1934-02-12
ARMY DIVIDES j. S.
INTO MAIL ZONES
Criticism Fails to Bring
Change in Cancellation
of Contracts.

Continued From First Page)
Evening star., 1934-02-12
M'CRACKEN FINED,
HELD BY SENATE.
Arrested After Judge AS
sesses His $1O0 Fine for
Court Contempt.

(Continued From First Page)
Evening star., 1934-02-12


I think a subsidy is no longer neces-
sary. OF course, I approve entirely
of the action of the President and
the Postmaster General in abrogat-
ing the existing contracts because Of
the showing of fraud and collusion.
But I think it would be a great mis-
take to decide against having the
business handled by private lines IN
the future.
My committee is in favor of reduc-
ing the present charges for airmail.
Personally, prefer a rate of 5 cents
for the first ounce, which is what it
was before the emergency tax was
added, and also a scent rate for
each succeeding ounce, which gets
away from the present punitive rate
for additional weight.
Favors Air Post Card.
I also favor three additional sources
of revenue for the airmail One is a
2-cent air post card These weigh
so little that they would contribute
heavily to revenue in proportion to
the extra weight involved Also a
3-cent aerogram service-two sheets
gummed together at the edges. And
also an airmail parcel post.
These changes would result in such
an increase in airmail revenue that
not only would the subsidy idea be
limited, but the companies would get
enough money to pay them well for
hauling the mail, and at the same
time the Post Office Department
would clear a profit for the Govern
ment.
We are considering several meth
DDS of paying the private companies
for carrying the mail One is a fiat
rate of S mills per pound per mile for
the first 25 pounds, 2l2 mills for the
second IS pounds and l mill per
pound for all remaining.
I cite these figures to show We
have gone into the question most ex-
haustively. and We know precisely
what the Government can afford to
pay if the charges we approve were
made, and still come out with profit.
Bear in mind, also. that the charges
we are proposing are a sharp reduc-
ton In the prices the public is pay
ing to have its airmail carried.
Increased volume resulting from the
low prices would stimulate business,
we are sure, sufficient to make the
move profitable both to the COM
panies and the Government.
Opposes Present Plan.
In this connection, I want TO say I
have always opposed the principles of
Evening star., 1934-02-12
SLED ACCIDENT FATAL
Annapolis Boy Dies Under Wheels
of Delivery Truck.

AundpOIls bOy LIES OuueI w Hee1e
of Delivery Truck.
Special Dispatch to The Star.
ANNAPOLIS, Md, February Ia
Crushed under a truck while riding
on a sleigh behind another machine,
Penefield Scible, 8, was fatally injured
today near his home at ITO McKen-
dree avenue, Germantown. He died
en- route to the local emergency hos
pital.
Bernard W Howell, driver of the
truck. was taken into custody by State
Patrolman J. C. Gates. He was re-
leased by Police Magistrate Benjamin
E. Bassford pending an investigation
by Magistrate Louis NJ. Hopkins. act
ing coroner. No charge was placed
against him
Evening star., 1934-02-12


charges to the grand jury"
Refuses to Hear Hogan.
Hogan made strenuous efforts to re-
ply to this statement, but Justice
ODonoghue refused to hear him and
insisted they proceed to a determina-
ton of whether MacCracken had been
arrested
Jurney Takes Stand.
After Hogan had dictated his reply
to his Stenographer, Jurney wearing
a red and blue polka dot tie and
red and blue striped handkerchief in
his coat pocket, was called to the
stand
Did you arrest MacCracken on
February 10 or have you in any way
detained him since that time?" Gar
nett asked
II have not"
Garnett then asked him to state
exactly what happened.
The witness then related the details
of MacCracken's visit to his apart
ment and the conversation he said
took place. After the notary public
had departed, Jurney said, he and
MacCracken "just sat around" He
said he knew he could eject his visi-
tor as trespasser, but didn't do this
because he felt if he placed his hand
on him it might amount to a legal
detention.
Served With Writ.
A few minutes later. Jurney con-
tinued, the doorbell rang again.
II went to the door to see who my
next unlimited guest might be" the
| witness said. He said it was a deputy
marshal, who served him with the
writ.
The next day, the witness related.
he went to the Senate Office Building
for a conference with Senator Black,
chairman of the committee conduct
ing the airmail investigation.
Il told MacCracken where I was
going and stated he could go along
if he wanted to-" Jurney testified
He said he would go and a news
paper man, who had called at my
apartment. went along with us. After
reaching the office, told them had
private telephone call to make and
asked if they would step out into the
corridor. They both agreed to do this
Left Him in Office.
"Then I went to Senator Blacks
Office leaving MacCracken and the
newspaper man in my Office I found
Mr. Garnett and one of his assistants,
H. L. Underwood with Senator Black
We talked for a short while and then
sent a man to my Office for my hat
and coat. When he returned, went
back to MacCracken and the news
paper reporter myself.
Il said I was leaving and that If
they cared to do so they could go
along. The door to my Office had
been unlocked all this time. We
went down in the elevator, and as
We reached the curb, I saw Garnett
and Underwood seated in an auto
mobile. Garnett had offered to rep
resent me in this case. I again told
MacCracken I could not arrest him,
Then I stepped into the car and
drove off with Garnett and Under
wood"
On cross examination, Hogan at
tempted to have the witness admit he
had stated that although not having
the warrant, he knew he had a per-
fec right to take MacCracken into
custody. but was going to wait and
take a chance on disobeying the in
structionS of the Senate. Jurney EN-
phatically denied having made such
a statement. He admitted Mac
Cracken had asked him to drive by
! his apartment at the Wardman Park
Hotel. but Jurney said he refused to
do this because he did not think it
would be proper.
Evening star., 1934-02-12
Refers to Ethics Involved.

This Is no ordinary case Mac
Cracken is no humble individual. but
q former AsS1etant Secretary of Com
n1erce and The present secretary of
the American Bar Association, and
the keeper of its code of ethics. Fur
thermore, he has been represented by
distinguished counsel.
'"Fhe course that he has taken is
not one of inadvertence-not that of
o humble citizen who does not know
his way around.
He states under oath in his petit
tion that he was under arrest and
held against his will. I say Mac
Cracken voluntarily became a tres
passer in Jurney's home, that he had
anotary public with him and that he
was informed by Jurney that he was
not under arrest and that he had no
warrant to arrest him. But, under
these circumstances, he swore to an
already prepared petition and i'm
posed upon your honor in obtaining
the writ.
''I say 1t is the duty of your honor
20 decide whether he is in contempt
Of this court and my duty to decide
Evening star., 1934-02-12

tary prepared
ness. I may say
that I find very
little sentiment
in favor of con-
tinued Govern
ment operation
of airmail lines
e 1t er in the
House of Repre-
sentatives or in
the Senate.
In the first
place, the air.
m all situation
has now reached
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-09
Wages of Workers Have
Fallen Below Barest
Living Costs
Continued from Poge u

Lave vanished either through bank
failures or withdrawals to buy food
over long, lean years Of unenoploy-
rnent at less than a living wage. They
all know that this has happened, but
why u happened or what the way
out Of the ever deepening depression
10, they haven't The faintest idea.
When they are asked for what they
think is the way out, the different
answers total almost as MANY az the
individuals asked. And when pressed
Ior . real answer they invariably re-
ply; Il don't know"
There Is a feeling Of unrest here.
: sr1ouldering bitterness which is
shared somewhat by the manufac-
tufers; yet this feeling Of unrest is
strangely mixed with a prayerfuI
hope somehow, something win turn
up that will pull them and the CITY
and the country out Of the depres-
sion.
The average citizen here has A
feeling that somehow politics has
something to do with the depression.
So at the last election they rebelIefi
against the old Republican rule of
the city and put in Democratic alder
men IN the hope that perhaps that
Will help. Last year the CITY perked
Up In the hope that the MIRA. was
the solution but now the bitterness
il directed against the MIRA. in
reat measure. For the shoe workers
fns Ma has meant only reduc-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-09
Striking Steamship
Crew Forces Owner
To Offer More Pay
Greylo OK Strike Goes
On as Unemployed
Picket Docks

BALTIMORE, MdLThe crew of
Ae steamer Gfeyioek, chartered by
the LHckenback line, which came out
on strike Tuesday, has already been
offered q $40 increase in wages.
which however does not meet the
original demands. the scale called for
in the M. w. I. U. code. The strike
is being continued for the original
iemandS.
This strike, and that OF the Nun.
sor1o, are receiving the militant and
sctiVe support. of the unemployed
zeanen, who at the same time are
conducting successful struggle for
the establishment OF s. Central Ship
ping Buro, with q roto system of
shipping controlled directly by the
.lected committees of sesmen. Thru
heir united efforts they have forced
nearly all shipping sharks to send
70 the elected committees In order
% obtain the men. The main eupos
sleaen 70 the demand Is coming from
The Standard Oil 90. - which Il
threatening to have men shipped
'AOih OttlcI POEbss
Picket STANDARD ON.
The Standard Oil Is being pick
stSed there and flying squads of
eataen are checking up on all
shipping sharks to see that there is
no back door shipping.
The Marine Workers Industrial
Union In all North Atlantic ports is
warning all seamen that they must
refuse to accept Jobs on any ship in
Baltimore. The fight for the Central
Shipping Buro, controlled by the
seamerl, Is perhaps the most i'm
portant struggle yet undertaken. be-
cause winning this demand means
a6olition OF the Blacklist system. the
s1d CT discrimination in giving cut
jobs, and a long step forward in the
sor1plete elimination Of the Seab
1erdins si1ippi9g masters.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-09
Homes and Savings Los
After Bank Craslit
Many Starving

gone for inability to pay taxes or
meet mortgage payments.
Two thousand homes out OF 1000
That means one out of every fiy
who owned his own home lost 1t dur
ing the past few years.
While their homes were being take
away and family bread earners wer
unable to bring in enough to fee
the family, the wives were throw.
upon the labor market. Married
middle-aged women went out offer
ing the labor of their hands in des
perate efforts to bring in enough /
keep their homes and families Be
gether.
With the reduction in wages an,
the irtislx Of approximately 400
women on the already crowded iabo
market, the manufacturers, through
the Chamber of Commerce, began /,
advise other manufacturers to NOV
their factories here where, as tn,
Chamber advertised:
Labor is cheap"
Skilled labor is abundant
Female labor is plentiful"
Tomorrow: the second of John
l.. Spivak's articles on conditions
in a typical New England industrial
town. Don't fail to read the amaz-
ing quotations from the Brockton
Chamber of Commerce advertise
ment regarding the abundance Of
cheap labor" and their frank adj
mission of what the N.R.A. has
actually accomplished in the city.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-09

The Brotherhood naturally does
not approve Of these conditions but
1t does approve Of the Stagger sys-
tenn because 1t feels that each union
member is entitled to some work, no
matter how little it may be"
Big Fall in Property Values
With the profound reduction in
wages and the general depreciation
that followed the years Of deepening
depression. the values of properties
here fell tremendously. Doubling up
resulted in vacant homes, reduction
In values Of the properties and nom
payments Of rent in numerous cases
made houses liabilities.
Unable to live on the wages they
were earning. when they were work
ing, the workers began to draw on
their savings accounts. The general
depression, destruction OF stock, in
testinent and real estate value re-
suited in the failures Of some banks
here, and, In those that survived, a
Tightening of bank credits. Brockton
banks struggled along until last year
when the two with most of their
deposits from workers savings, crash
ed: the Brockton Trust and the Ply
mouth County Trust Co.
Homes and Savings Lost
About 10 per cent Of all the de-
posts in these banks consisted of
savings by workers and small busi-
ness men. Though part Of the loss
has been recovered, g number of
VOTERS lost their homes during the
interim due to inability to meet mort
gage payments, and in number of
cases household furniture bought on
the installment plan was taken away
for lack OF payments.
The reduction in wages last year
when the shoe industry showed q
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-09
ChicagoGroups Forge
United Front Fight on
Lynching, Jim Grow
Conference SabOtaged by
Negro Reformist
Leaders

CHICAGO, reb. 8. - one hundred
delegates, representing IS organisa-
tiens, attended the scottsboro anti
lynehing conference at the Forum
Hall last Saturday.
me Conference adopted plans TO
intensity the fight against the fascist
lynch terror, and elected a committee
Of IA to organize mass protest actions
70 smash jincrow practices on C.W.A.
iohS and all forms of snti-Negro dis
elimination in the city. Plans we're
adopted for popularizing the Bill of
Rights, drawn up by the League of
Struggle for Negro Rights and pre-
3ented to Roosevelt and Congress by
the Scottsboro nnarcheTs.
Organizations represented include
the League Of Struggle for Negro
Rights, two churches, one local Of the
Chicago Committee on Unemploy-
ment: Local IA Of the Cigar Makers
Union, A. r. Of L.; Bakery and Con-
fectionery workers Union, Local 237;
the Communist Party; the Croatian
FfstsrnAl Union, Local 2O2; the In
tsrnational Labor Defense; Packing
House Workers industrial Union;
Trade Union Unity League; the
Young Communist League; and the
Ambassador Social Club.
Although invited to participate in
the fight against iynching, the Ma
tionsl Association for the Advance
alsnt of Colored People, the Universal
Negro Improvement Association, and
the Ministerial Alliance sent no dele
gates. This despite the promises of
the last two organizations to support
he anti-lynching action, and the
vide support for the conference by
The rank and file Of the U.NI.A.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-09
Messengers Ready
To Fight Against
Firing Of Boys

NEW YORK, N. Y.-!The Western
Union Telegraph Company, working
with the utmost speed, began its
drive against workers VINO are at
tempting to organize.
The first blow was struck at a mes
senger, Abe Dubroff, who was fired
last week on the vaguest pretext.
Closely following this firing, was the
'laying-off" of @ number of other
messengers who either were members
of the Telegraph Messengers Union
or had expressed interest in the
union. Despite the tears and pleading
Of the mothers of these boys, the
company absolutely refused to take
these boys on again.
From the moment a meeting was
spontaneously called few months
ago, the company by means of all
sorts Of maneuvers tried TO nip in the
bud any organization Of the mes
SengerS. e~x
At this first meeting, which re-
ceived tremendous response by the
boys who came in great numbers,
well known company linesmen were
stationed outside the hall to brighten
away the messengers.
The messengers felt the need of
joining with other telegraph work.
ers in order to gain support and
therefore asked for admission into
the United Telegraphers Of America.
an independent organization of tele-
graph workers.
The United Photographers Of
America through its bureaucratic on
Gals has time and again unanswered
to squelch the messengers and to
keep them from concrete action. AS a
result Of this policy, the membership
OF this union decreased and the faith
In the union was shattered.
The messengers left in body and
decided to organize independently.
They came to the Office Workers
Union, ia w. 14th St, to ask for the
use Of their headquarters. The ONCE
Workers Union Immediately granted
this request, gave them guidance and
assistance in their organizational
efforts.
The move of the company in firing
the boys for activity can be COM
batted by stronger organization, the
Office Workers Union points out. The
workers are determined to build their
organization and no red scare" or
company provocations should hinder
them, the union declares.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-09

pickup in business, is clearly shown
by the falling of of savings deposits
in the whole community.
In 1882 savings account deposits
here totalled seven millions.
In 1888 they totaled five millions.
Behind this drop OF two million
dollars in the savings of the whole
community, which includes not only
workers but small business men and
white collar workers. is the essence
of the story Of the drop in wages all
around.
These figures, however, apply only
to those who are still able to earn
saving wage" No one keeps records
Of the thousands who not only do not
earn Saving wage" when they
work but have already lost what they
saved over long period Of years.
Charity Applications Increase
There has been terrific increase in
charity applications by workers who
always live from hand to mouth.
What happened to those thousands
who might be termed the middle
class "-the skilled, formerly high
priced worker, the white collar
worker and the small business man,
is shown by the number of houses
that have been lost in Brockton since
the depression.
There are $4,000 homes in Brock
ton. Most of them are two and three
story tenements where workers live.
About 10000 Of these were privately
owned before the depression. Today
a little over 5000 are privately owned.
One thousand of these homes were
taken away from the owners within
the past two years.
Two thousand homes, representing
the savings and dreams of life time,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-09

minimum wage the shoe workers
code specifies.
Since work and wages depend upon
the shoe business, we shall briefly
consider just what happened to the
industry here:
Brockton shoe factories are work
ing only about 60 per cent of what.
as the Chamber of Commerce hope
fully expressed it, they ought to-"
This go per cent includes a Us per
cent increase in the industry's BUSH
ness over last year. In Brockton.
however, the industry's increase was
only about 3 per cent.
Though business increased, the buy
ing of shoes decreased in the retail
stores. Workers simply did not have
the money TO purchase shoes.
Shoe Purchases Dropped in 1888
Il don't know why business in
creased last year." Joseph r. Reilly.
secretary Of the Brockton Chamber
OF Commerce said, unless there was
believed to be market. Apparently
this belief was wrong because fewer
shoes were bought last year than the
year before.
The only way we can figure it out
Is that the shoes representing this
increase, were bought on specu-
lative basis when they began to talk
about the MIRA. Wholesalers and
retailers stocked up, chiefly on the
cheaper grade of shoes, before prices
rose on labor and material, We
thought everything was going UP. AS
it turned out, the MIRA. did not
raise either material or labor costs"
Bankers and manufacturers take
the same view on this business in
crease. II was ''just speculation"
Perley G. Flint, treasurer of Field &
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-09
Detroit Workers
Greet VIM. Foster
c. P. Meeting Sends
Greetings

DETROIT, Mich, FEB. s.--Mem-
bers of the Communist Party in
Detroit, in g. membership meeting to
which all sympathizers were invited,
sent revolutionary greetings to VIII
liam q. Foster, and wished him a
speedy recovery from his illness.
Conlfade Foster has recently re-
turned from the Soviet Union, where
he was spending a few months for
his health. Although much I'M
proved in health, he is still unable
to be very active.
The letter Of greeting to Comrade
Foster from the Communist Party
members and sy1npattizers Of De-
troit says, in part. we send our
revolutionary greetings TO Conarade
Foster, our leader, and chairman Of
the Central Executive Committee of
the Communist Party Of the U. s. A..
and wish him a speedy recovery
from his illness"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-09
Farmers Hit A.A.A.
Milk Code, Exposing
Big Trust Profits
Shirley Wynne, Former
Health Commissioner.
in Pay of Trust

NEW YORK--Feb. S,--DeoIarine
thas what the Agricultural Admin
lstration Act should do is consider the
human needs Of the farmers and
workers and not the maintenance of
the Milk Trusts profits. Fred A.
Bnehl, dairy farmer and member OF
the New York State Farmers Com
m1ttee for Action and of the Exac,,-
tive Committee of the Farmers Natl
Committee for Action, presented yes
terday the first testimony on behalf
OF the real interests of the farmers In
the three days Of the A.A.A. milk
nearing now taking place
The hearing is on the new agree.
ineflt which the A.A.A. is proposing
Tor the New York milk shed. II w0i1Id
set prices for the farmers but NOT for
the consumers; IL would give the Sec
rotary OF Agriculture practically I'm.
limited power in setting prices ana
erecting production ctrtailmeflt. The
agreement also retains the elassified
price plan by which dealers are pro-
tected against any loss In marketing
tne milk and by which the farmer
STANDS that loss. In line with the
poliey OF the Roosevelt administration
The agreement results In the foroi,1o
Oh al dsirymen into the DairymeY,'s
League, the cooperative which L
controlled by Bordens.
Briehl pointed out that the farmers,
market was not the dealer bit the
clsy worker, that instead OF seekine
60 guarantee the dealers profit HE
A.A.A. should seek to give at least
cost OF production to the farmers
He showed that there was no surpI,Is
today, and that the trouble Law in the
TACT that the people producing the
country's wealth, the farmers and
workers, were not being paid enough
to buy that wealth back. He con.
cludeu his statement, which prpvoka5
enthusiasm among the farmers nres.
emit ana was received in stony silence
by the dealers, by saying that If the
A.A.A. would not increase the farmers
price ana decrease the retail price. II
should take steps TO cancel the debts
which the farmers are unable 10 paw
Shirley Wynne, former Tamnanv
Health Commissioner and now head
OF the Milk Institute, the oreaniga-
zion OF the big distributors, who spoke
shortly before Briehl, testified that he
received $4,000 a year salary as head
OF me institute and that he did not
think that too much money after 80
years i'll the health business. (As
commissioner, Wynne banned the sale
OF loose milk in stores, thereby in
creasifg the cost to consumers and
giving Bordens and Sheffields a better
hold on the retail sale.) Wynne asked
that the low prices set in the agree
ment, which would pay tI.se farmers
less than 3 cents quart, be even fur
ther decreased. He stated that those
farmers who could not make out
should quit farming, leaving the field
for the richer farmers.