, 1934-11-25
Christmas Tree and All
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Other Terms Are Defined
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For Laynan by Reporter

which Is attached 70 the top joint Of
drill stem. The kelley passes through
the rotary-table and Is allowed to
drop through the table a. the bit
gradually digs deeper and deeper.
Its grooves or square corners fit
similar grooves or corners In the
rotary table and when the latter
revolves the drillStem Is forced TO
turn around and around.
ROtarytable-A heavy round block
Of steel resembling a tabletop which
revolves on a track set directly over
the hole to be drilled. "A square hole
or grooves are cut In the exact CEN
ter. the kelly Joint passing through
the grooves or square. depending up
on the shape Of the kelly. A steam
engine drives the rotary-tahle which
tn turn causes the entire drill-stem-
regardless Of length. TO revolve. The
keying the drill-Stem 20 the rotary
keyin gthe drill-stem to the rotary
table. The table Is driven by q
steam engine which also controls
the draw works.
Elevators-A hinged circle or met
al. attached to the end OF two heavy
steel links, which is latched around
a joint OF drill-stem just beneath u
tool joint for pulling out Of OF low
ering the drill-stem into the hole.
GreyhOund-First joiA OF drill
stem beneath the kelly.
Tongs-A type Of wrench used for
connecting or disconnecting points
Of pipe or drill-stem.
Casing-A steel pipe. In joints like
ldrill-stem. the same diameter ms the
hole being drilled. II Is lowered into
the hole to prevent the hole from
caving in or to shut off flows Of
water or gas and prevent those flows
from entering the well.
Cement plug. plug-A rounded fit
ting screwed on the lower end OF
casing being placed into the hole.
the plug may be either cement or
wood and closes the lover end OF
the casing. II Is rounded 70 form
a guide for the casing and prevent
the sharp edges from catching on
projections In the hole.
Drilling the plug-When casing Is
set and cemented. the plug must be
drilled through to permit a flow OF
gas, oil OF water or whatever Is IN
the botttbl OF the hole.
Christmas tree-A control head
or fitting placed on the top Of the
casing above the ground. It Is
fastened To the casing and a series
OF valves control the flow OF oil
through the casing.
Tubing-Tw0-inch pipe placed in
side the casing to hasten production
Of oil or gas from q formation. When
completing a well. II Is necessary for
the pressure In the sand TO force out
OF the casing all the drilling mud
allowed 10 remain there. The mud
IA kept In the hole 10 prevent the
pressure from running Wild or get
ting out OF control. II Is readily
understood that the pressure can
lift a two-inch column OF mud more
easily than II can lift a column
six and nve-eightS inches In dia-
mater, which Is the inside OF cas-
ng ordinarily set in the Samfordyce
field.
Mud-A mixture or earth and
water pumped into a well. The mix
Iture ii circulated BY the pump from
a slush pit. a hole where the mud
Is mixed, through the kelly-Ioint
and drill stem, out OF a hole In the
bit and back TO the top OF the
ground around the outside Of the
drill-stem. The mud brings to the
surface the cuttings made by the
bit "a II r~evolves. It's presence IN
the hole usually prevents high gas
pressures from blowing the tools out
OF the hole and Is intended TO pre-
vent gas blow outs"
Circultaiton-The circulation OF
mud az explained above.