davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1934-10-14
Row Over Saar Likely in Germany
Despite Outcome of the Plebiscite

lowing the government Of the Saar to
be handed over to Germany until some
satisfactory arrangement has been
made by Germany for paying for
them.
Another complication Is the question
OF the money in use in the Saar. Orig
inaly the Saar used German marks,
but when the mark collapsed in 1928
the franc was adopted as the unit.
France will have to redeem the French
francs now in circulation in the ter
ritory In gold or its equivalent.
The public debt of the different Saar
municipalities is another problem, to-
gether with industrial bonds. United
states investors have upward of S15,-
100000 invested in the region and fear
now that if the territory goes back to
Germany their credits will be frozen.
1t Is understood that conversations
nave already taken place between the
American and German governments
as to the handling Of these credits.
There is also the question of the
treatment to be accorded the Saar
population after Germany takes
charge. Saar residents, suspected by
the Nazis Of voting against return to
Germany, are naturally fearful that
there may be reprisals. International
Jewish societies have called the atten-
ton OF the world to the perils incurred
py the numerous Jews in the territory.
Copyright, 1e34O
Evening star., 1934-10-14

fiicts in her book Of year ago. "The
Tragedy of Tolstoy" At the time of
the first revolution in 1917, which
brought the Kerensky government to
brief power, Countess Tolstoy was in
charge of large hospital unit at the
Russian front. A liberal and paci-
fist, she had believed in overthrow Of
the monarchy but had hoped it would
not come until after the war. When
she reached Moscow later in the year
she found that the Whites had been
beaten and the Reds were in control,
though as yet little organization had
been accomplished. Her property had
been conf1scated and she had only a
months salary. paid her when she
left the front, on which to live until
she could obtain work. Her old mother
and her sister were still living at Yas-
naia Poliana, which had been rather
reluctantly protected by the estate
peasants, to whom much of the land
had been given, from destruction by
mobs.
Countess Tolstoy did not, as did
many Of the aristocracy and intelh-
gentsia, Immediately leave Russia or
attempt to do so. She formed So
ciety for the dissemination Of her
fathers works and, with a number OF
Tolstoy's friends, began, with the con-
sent of the Soviet government, the
preparation of his manuscripts for a
complete edition. For several years
they worked in the cold hall of the
Rumiantsev Museum, happy, though
always chilled except for the brief in
tervals when they stopped to drink
many cups of substitute tea made
from dried apples, carrots and herbs.
AS Tolstoy's daughter she was un-
doubtedly looked upon with more IA
vor than was accorded other ariSto-
Gratis by the Soviet government,
though she often met comrades" who
had never heard of Tolstoy, and re-
cords sadly that "the Soviet govern
ment is not interested in spreading
Tolstoy's ideas" The favor, such as
it was, did not exempt her from many
hardships, searching of her lodgings,
arrest and Imprisonment in the Lubi-
anka prison, on the charge of counter
revolutionary activities, in which she
had not engaged. Her account OF her
Imprisonment and her trial, which
ended In q sentence Of three years in
prison camp, Is q concrete personal
document interesting to compare with
some Of the tdeauzed descriptions OF
Evening star., 1934-10-14
IContinued From Third Page.)

IContinued From Third Page)
the proof lies in the recent interven-
ton of the League in the Chaco and
the Leticia controversies in South
America. After much commotion in
political circles and in the press, ac-
ton of the League in the disputes
between Bolivia and Paraguay and
between Colombia and Peru was
finally accepted here as matter, OF
course" without any apparent Off
ciaI surprise. The State Department
emphasized the fact that this was
the natural course to be followed and,
probably, was even glad to see the
League take the discussions to Ge-
neva. In the Leticia case, the League
went a long way. 1t not only took
cogniZance Of the dispute and offered
its good Offices, but when these failed
to produce results it practically die
tated terms, it brought about a truce
in the armed conflict, it sent a
special commission to take charge
and administer the disputed territory
and even had the two parties to the
conflict approve the occupation of
Leticia by an "internationalized"
military force, the first of its kind
since the creation of the League.
Some well-known editorial corre-
spondent has mentioned the final
Evening star., 1934-10-14
Fireside Voting Legal
For Isle of Man Aged

DOUGLAS, Isle Of Man (R.-
Voting at the f1reside has been made
legal by new election laws passed in
the Isle of Man.
Persons unable, through illness, in
trinity, or old age to go to the polling
booths will henceforth be able to vote
at home in the presence Of q magis-
trate or an election officer.
Under the laws an employer Of an
elector must on request grant him
reasonable facilities to vote. Any
employer failing to do 50 Is liable to
. dne Of $40,
Evening star., 1934-10-14
Berlin Reclaims 1,5OO Waste Acres
In Suburbs for Productive Farming

BERLIN F.-With its litter and
waste food Berlin is making 1,50O
acres of suburban wasteland into a
productive agricultural community.
The project has three purposes:
To keep the city clean, provide work,
and-most important-carry on Ger
many's campaign against waste.
The Golmer Flats near Potsdam
have been a dreary area overrun
with mosquitoes, birds and thick,
rank growths, but its sandy soil is
already responding to treatment with
liquifed dust and refuse.
Each day 5000 cubic yards Of debris
are brought in trucks and boats to
the area. Some is burned. Another
part, the solids and metals, Is melted
down for other uses. The rest is
mixed with water and conveyed by
huge pumps and pipes to the land.
Nothing is thrown away-the bot
ties, toys, bits of paper, table scraps
and the million other components Of
this capitals waste products are sorted
with view to use again as fertilizer
or items Of trade. -.
Evening star., 1934-10-14
Monroe Doctrine Declared Adaptable
To Fit Leagues Role in Chaco Conflict

settlement Of the Leticia controversy
a few months ago, through the good
Offices of the Brazilian foreign office,
to support what might be called the
Frelinghuysen corollary to the Mon
roe Doctrine, namely, that American
questions should have American So
lutions. He forgot, however, that 1t
was the previous intervention by the
League in arranging a truce and
taking over control of Leticia that
made it possible for the Colombian
and Peruvian representatives to meet
in the Brazilian capital and discuss
the terms of the final adjustment.
1t is logical, of course, that Ameri-
can governments should be preferably
intrusted with the task of finding
terms of agreement for the solution
of American controversies with which
they are much better acquainted
and the League seems to have rec
ognized it so by appointing Latin
Americans to its Chaco Committee
but that does not mean that the en-
deavors of universal peace organi-
zation, like the League, to previously
bring about cessation Of armed hos
tilities should not be welcomed by
the parties to the dispute, by the
United States and by all American
nations which have so bitterly de-
nounced the Chaco War.
((Copyright. 1934.)
Evening star., 1934-10-14
Special Dispatch to The Star.

BERLIN.-Nobody in Germany
doubts that the plebiscite in January
will give the Saar territory back to
Germany by an overwhelming vote.
But few Germans seem to have re-
f1ected on the complicated procedure
that must follow before the region can
formally be handed over.
Those aware of the facts, and espe-
cially foreign diplomats here, fear
there may be trouble when the pleb-
iscite figures are published. The fear
is that German public opinion may de-
mand a brushing aside of all formali-
ties and red tape, and that the Saar
population itself, feeling that it has
the backing Of the German nation,
may seek to throw of the shackles of
the governing commission.
1t is no secret that President Knox
of the commission is extremely appre-
hensive of some such occurrence and
has asked repeatedly that armed
forces be placed at his disposal.
Regardless of how the Saar votes,
the coal mines will remain the prop
erty of France until Germany re-
deems them by purchase. They were
ceded to France by Germany in the
peace treaty as compensation for the
mines in Northern France which had
been destroyed by the German armies
during their retreat. France, 1t Is
understood, has no intention Of al
Evening star., 1934-10-14
DECLINE OF WASHINGTON'S
MOST FAMOUS MANSIONS
The Van Ness Home Was Beer Parlor
When Visited so Years Ago-Other
Historic Houses Gone to Ruin.

naval captains appointed by Gen.
Washington to guard the commerce
of the United States.
Among Commodore Truxton's SUBJ
ordinate officers was a midshipman,
named Decatur, whom he loved dearly
This young man became Commodore
Decatur in later years and it is a
curious fact that he built the house
in which the grandson was married
this week. Decatur was living here
when his duel with Commodore Bar
ron occurred, and the wedding
marches now ringing in those old
halls, strike against the impressions
left by the funeral dirges, which, on
a cold March morning 81 years ago,
celebrated Commodore Decatur'S
death.
The old Decatur mansion is full of
interest. Through every administra-
ton from Madison to Arthur it has
been social center, and its walls are
stored with the history of many a
tragedy and COMEDY. 1t stands on the
corner of Lafayette Square and H
street, next to the house which Sen
ator Blaine occupied last year, and
across the way from Corcoran Castle,
where Daniel Webster used to enter
tain so magnificently. 1t looks out to-
ward the new home which John Hay
is now building and few years ago
it saw the shooting of Keyes by Gen.
SickleS on the opposite side of the
square. Standing on its broad steps
lusty boy could hurl a stone into the
White House windows, and 1t is but a
block away from the brown stone front
of George Bancroft's residence. 1t is
an immense structure of three stories,
with wide hall running through its
center. 1t contains one of the larg-
est, if not the very largest, parlors in
Washington, and it has always been
furnished in accordance with the
wealth and position of its inhabitants.
Latrobe, the man who built the
White House, was the designer. of the
Decatur mansion. Commodore Deca-
tur furnished it with his naval tro-
phies and curios he had collected from
many a foreign land. At the time he
died. he had risen to the highest po-
sition in the annals of American life.
He had made a great reputation, was
finely educated, highly cultured and
very wealthy. The night before the
duel he gave a grand party in this old
house, the guests had not been long
gone before he slipped from his wife's
side, and after breakfasting at little
hotel near the Capitol, betook himself
to the Bladensburg dueling ground.
There he was to meet Commodore
Barron and the two were to settle
their quarrel with seconds and pis-
tolls. Decatur barely lived to be car
ried back to his palace on Lafayette
Square. He died that same night and
the President and all the great men
of the day followed him to Kalorama,
where he was consigned to the old
Barlow vault.
Evening star., 1934-10-14
BY LEILA MECHLIN

such wish that they tempt ones finger
tips. Rembrandt did this and real
lied its significance. So did Chardin
and, among the moderns, Renoir-but
not so many Of our preSent-day paint
ers, and hence much contemporary
painting has lost charm. Sargent in
this portrait Of Mrs. White has rem
dered and differentiated textures with
infinite skill-the simmer Of the
satin, the f1lmy quality Of the mouslin,
the feel of the flesh and always not as
fact but illusion, not as they actually
were but as they appeared to him,
and herein lies the artistry.
Appropriately, the Corcoran Gal
lery of Art has hung this distinguished
portrait, lent by the "sitter's" son,
John Campbell White, who, following
his fathers career, is now counselor
at our embassy in Berlin, in the place
Of honor on the east wall Of the third
American gallery, opposite the main
staircase. Here it cannot only be
admirably seen but seen Immediately
upon entrance, before the visitors in
terest may have become jaded. But
who, even after much seeing, would
not find 1t thrilling!
Il II -
IT IS an interesting coincidence that
a second painting by Sargent of
unusual character has also been lent
to the Corcoran Gallery at this time.
1t Is a small canvas showing a girl of
IL or IA seated at a breakfast table,
and it was lent by Mrs. John B. Mills,
through whose father, Daniel Case,
the Corcoran Gallery some years
ago secured Sargent's "Oyster Gath
erers," which is indeed a proud and
valuable possession This little pic
ture was presumably painted in
Broadway, England, and the little girl
who sits at the table, absorbed in
peeling an orange and reading book,
is none other than the daughter of
Frank D. Millet. the American painter
Of genre and murals, than whom none
had wider circle Of devoted and ad-
miring friends. Mr.. Millet for many
years maintained a home at Broad
way. There also lived Abbey, the
illustrator and painter of Shakesperian
subjects, as well as Of the murals in
the Boston Public Library. It was
Abbey who lured Sargent to Broad
way, and during the Summer Of 1889
they all had happy times there to-
gether. Whether or not this picture
was painted then does not matter; it
Is certainly reminiscent of that de-
lghtful coterie Of artists.
OF the picture much could be said.
l.
plete, an elaborate composition, but
very simply. rendered. The break
fasters have apparently already risen
from the table, but there is no feeling
of untidiness nor disorder. The white
china against the white cloth is diff
ferentiated by its surface texture.
The silver, charming in design, has a
Continued on Sixth Page.)
Evening star., 1934-10-14
Cermany's Thanksgiving Rites Today
Inspired by High Regard for Farmers

tions with population well balanced
between city and country can stand
economic depression better than an
industrial country, like England, which
Is largely dependent upon foreign ma
tions for food.
Thomas jefferson would have much
sympathy with the Nazi hereditary
farm law, although his democratic
principals would conflict with nearly
everything else in the Third Reich.
Jefferson firmly believed in the preser-
vation of the farming class as es-
sential to the maintenance of free in
stitutions and that liberty was doomed
when people congested in cities. The
Democratic leader once said, Farmers
are the true representatives of the
great American interests and are alone
to be relied upon for expressing the
proper American sentiments" Sub
stitute German" for American" in
Jefferson's sentence and it would sound
like a quotation from a speech by
Adolph Hitler.
The Nazis are determined to rescue
the farmers from the loan sharks of
the cities. In our Middle West the
embattled farmers took out their
shotguns and so kept of the sheriffs
who wanted to foreclose their farms.
In Germany the Nazis have saved the
farmers from Damocles' sword Of
foreclosure by making the farms in
alienable. But the law prevents
abuses by providing that the farmers
must present a knowledge Of good
farms management, and forbids the
contracting Of debts carelessly.
Court Can Seize Farms.
|. If the farmer violates conditions
or becomes engaged in dishonest
practices, the court steps in and
takes the farm temporarily, or If
necessary permanently from him and
passes it to his wife or direct male
heir. Not only does the law prevent
farms from being burdened by debts,
but it aims to check the flow of pop
ulation by making farming profitable.
In the past farms were divided
among number of children so that
the price of farm properties dimin-
ished to such an extent that they no
longer suf6ced to support families. BY
insisting the farm pass intact from
father to eldest son, the Nazi regime
has seen to it that farm properties
remain large enough to provide liv-
ing for the small holder, and that
they shall not fall into the admins
trative estates of the Junkers. This
law respects the middle-class ten
dencies of the National Socialist
party.
-lcepyright. 1e34A --
Evening star., 1934-10-14
CURRENT EXHIBITIONS.

~ EFERENCE was made in these
- columns last week to some i'm
portant loans recently re-
l. y ceived and placed on view by
the Corcoran Gallery Of Art,
among which are two paintings by
John Singer Sargent. One of these
is full-length portrait of the late
Mrs. Henry White, painted in London
in 1884, when Mr.. White was second
secretary of our American Embassy.
1t represents her in a white satin and
mousln d'soir evening gown Of the
period, long skirt with looped paniers,
slender waist, V-neck with fichu. elbow
sleeves and train-the last gracefully
disposed to the wearer's right, Serv-
ing an inconspicuous but helpful part
in the composition. Possibly 1t was
court presentation gown, but GER
tainly 1t was Sufficiently work Of art
in itself to defy the passage Of time
and change of fashions, for it still
retains its style and distinction. A
fan is held in the right hand and In
the left, partly shadowed by satin
draperies, are opera glasses. In the
background is an inconspicuous fawn-
colored curtain and a chaise Tongue
of French design, upholstered in drab
material with an old rose colored
cushion as accent.
Essentially, this is symphony in
white" and 1t has been rendered ex-
quisitely. Not in single instance
has the painter stumbled or. appar-
emily, felt his way. The lines of the
composition are rhythmical. the tone
with all its delicacy is perfectly sus-
tanned. So mastery is this piece of
painting that to the average observer
it seems simple-and that 1t could
have been other than 1t Is, unimagin-
able. There was Mrs. White, and
here Is the picture. But do not be
deceived; this transcription could only
have been achieved by consummate
art.
When this painting was exhibited
in London at the Royal Academy
shortly after it was painted a writer
in THE Art Journal" said: THE pose
has all the elan and freshness of
youth, and the carriage of the grace
full head is charming" Later, when
it was shown in New York, Margaret
Breuning wrote in the New York
Evening Post: 1T is one Of the splen-
did portraits of all time, this present.
ment of an aristocratic woman, digni-
fed, aloof, beautiful, who draws you
unwaveringly to her without the flick
Of an eyelash or the least unbending
of the calm formality of her pose" I"
Not only did the artist produce work
of art, but beautiful and convincing
Interpretation Of character-and who
will deny that to so paint woman
of refinement and reticence is not
infinitely more difficult than to paint
the woman less well bred and more
obvious. Strength is easy to portray,
but the subtletieS of beauty elude the
majority.
At the time Sargent painted this
Evening star., 1934-10-14

BERLIN. - Today is Germany's
Thanksgiving day. Chancellor Adolf
Hitler will address from the Buecke-
berg, a natural amphitheater near
Hameln, 100000 gathered from all
parts of the Reich. The significance
attached to this ceremony may be
judged from the fact that other demon
strations will be forbidden.
What May day is to German labor
the annual Thanksgiving festival,
which comes at the end of the harvest
season, is to the German farmer. Just
a year ago from this same Bueckeberg
Hitler announced the most constructive
measure enacted by the Nazi, the
hereditary farm property act. This
law provides that farm properties
capable of supporting family and of a
size not greater than 300 acres must
pass undivided to the direct male heir.
The right of this heir cannot be
alienated or limited by will, and since
hereditary farm property is inalienaole,
1t cannot be mortgaged.
This law owes its inspiration to Wal
ter Dare, Nazi minister of agriculture.
At the same time, he sponsored another
law establishing the Reich Food
Estates-first cooperative body estab-
lished by the Nazi state-which is to
have its headquarters not in Berlin. but
in Gaslar, an ancient town nestled IN
the Harz Mountains.
Farmers Regarded Highly.
These two laws illustrate the NaA
sympathy with the middlenan farmer
as a class which needs special treat
ment on national racial grounds. The
Nazi state regards the farmers as the
social basis of the nation, who have
the job of providing the Reich not only
with sufficient food to make it self-sus-
tanning, but also to act as a reservoir
for soldiers in the event of another
war. The Nazis have not forgotten the
British naval blockade, one of the most
potent causes of GermanyS defeat in
the World War. 1t is hoped to make
the Reich as far as possible self-sup-
porting in regard to its food supply.
Germany grows As per cent of the
food needs to feed 100000 citizens.
But economic as well as military rea-
sons account for the favoritism shown
the farmer. The Reichsbank's short
age of foreign currency makes 1t nee
essary for Germans to buy as little
food abroad as possible. Hence the
measures imposed to make the farms
of Germany profitable. City dwellers,
especially the workers, have paid sub
sides to the farmer In the form Of
higher costs Of living. The experience
Of other countries has shown that ma
Evening star., 1934-10-14

which stands on the corner of Twen-
tieth street and Pennsylvania avenue
and which is still in good state OF
preservation. 1t was for a long time
q social center in the ante-Jackson
days, now it houses a drug store.
But to return to the Octagon House.
It is known by some as the Tayloe
Mansion, as it was built by Col.
Tayloe, one of George Washington's
friends, some time between 1880 and
1900. This Col. Tayloe was at that
time one Of the few millionaires in
America. It is said that he had an
income of SIS, 900 year and that he
spent So, 1000 annually on race horses.
He owned 500 slaves, had a great
amount of land in Virginia, worked
iron mines, built ships, made iron
plows, and in all these works he en-
ployed none but his own slaves. While
he was in the Octagon House he en-
tertained like a prince and when the
White House was burned President
Madison became his guest.
At one time it was said the house
was haunted, that every night at the
same time the bells would ring. Vari-
Gus ways were tried to discover the
ghosts, even to having priest exor-
else them, but the family got rid Of
them only by taking down the bells
and hanging them in different places.
The Octagon House is now occupied
by an art school and its front bears
the extravagant sign, National Acad-
envy Of Fine Art" Its walls are hung
with pictures, some Of which are OF
more than ordinary merit. And its
mistress, Mrs. Morill, gives weekly
receptions to such lovers Of art as
wish to come. She has the idea that
the United States should buy the place
and establish it as a national acad-
eny. It is held at $35,000, but its
thick walls probably will crumble be-
fore Congress will pass an approprla-
ton to buy them.
In the Decatur Mansion, on La
fayette Square, John r. Mclean, the
editor of the Cincinnati Enquirer. was
married this week to Miss Emily Beale,
the daughter of Gen. Beale and
granddaughter of old Commodore De-
catur. The marriage makes another
link in the chain of friendship be-
tween the McLeans and Gen. Grant,
for Gems. Beale and Grant are Sec
ond Damon and Pythias, and the Beale
mansion has come to be known as
Gen. Grants headquarters in this
city. During President Grants last
term there was no family closer to the
administration than the Beales, and
Miss Emily Beale, now young Mrs.
Mclean, was central figure at all
the White House dinners and recep-
tions.
The Beale family is one Of the
Oldest in the country. Miss Beale's
great-grandfather was Commodore
Thomas Truxton, one Of the first six