davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01
Stirring Songs of Struggle
in International Collection
Thirteen Songs from Eight Countries Included
in Book Put Out by Music Bureau Internat'I

any different from a dozen or 50
well-known patriotic airs.
The English Red Flag" & jGst
such a snappy dance tune that Eng
Ish people Of all classes have stilW
and danced for the last several cen
turtles As matter Of fact it IS
based upon a Scotch folk-tune and
replaces the German melody "Oh
TannenbaUn" formerly used for the
words.
Two japanese Songs
The two Japanese songs merit eUT
closest attention. Perhaps We had
better begin learning them right
away! The first, Young Pioneers
is hybrid, or mixture, Of European
and japanese styles; the second.
Force Of Solidarity" Is frankly Ell
ropean in every way. The japanese
movement is strong and growing
stronger. Music plays, we hear. q
large part in it. We must know more
Of this music.
The Chinese "Red Soldier Song,
5trikingly Chinese in character.
seems to US very cheerful and catchy.
It gives one new kind Of thrill 90
see the Oriental script grazing the
pages Of q revolutionary song book
THE Red Banner" now the revg-
lutionary hymn Of the Monaghan
Peoples Republic, was created BY the
tnsurgent troops in 1921. It has
something OF the eheerfulness Of the
Chinese song, but might prove less
catchy to American ears,
Three American Songs
There are three American songs.
The first, Lain Adohmyan's @TF1e
Army Of Hunger Is Marching q
ghould be bstter known here. True
enough, it is more European than
American in form; but It surprises
one at the end as does the Wolpe
song, though by different technical
means. The second, Hold the Fort, !"
IS one Of the old timers which,
though it may have as much Of the
revival hymn as Of the Salvation
Army flavor to it, still has been used
by the American workers so long
that it has special value. The third
Il vent to "Tlanta," is a Negro song
Of protest selected from Lawrence
Gellert's collection. It should be bet-
ter known here If it is to have IN
.ernat.onal significance.
On the whole, the editors task was
a most difficult one. The desirable
qualities in tunes OF this kind are
that they should be national in form
or style, proletarian in content or
significance and they should have
some outstanding technical charac-
teristic that win differentiate them
Cor allow them to be distinguished
from bourgeois, patriotic or religious
songs on the one hand and from the
conventional, easy going, subServi-
cnt folk-song on the other. This col
lection marks an auspicious begin
ming Of task that will become ever
more important until the workers Of
the whole world have united and lost
their chains forever. New types win
evolve. They are now evolving.
The time is not far distant when
upon hearing a new song for the
first time, we shall Immediately be
able to place it as revolutionary or
not, as OF the English, German,
French, Russian, Chinese or Japs
onese proletarist or bourgecisie.
There is a mans size job for you,
proletarian composersi It can, ana
will be done.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01
The Wall of the Unemployed

That NISA they have today gives awful rap.
steals Shoes my socks steals my coat and hat
They told me it would give could earn nv chow
Instead CT that it's cut down to quarter raons now
never went to school SO much but still tricks
know that when you're drunk enough two and two make six
But wouldn't try to prove it. I calculate
And went believe the that says two and two make eight
So please blowing bubbles put imitation on the shelf
When you give US buying power prices adjust theseK
You may not like this story, you may be annoyed
But you can put all the burden helpless unemployed
I'm not Msllen-eolly ape Morgan-a11c tool
Now yet am ioiotic economic fool
SO I'll make you suggesting knowing economic ways
IN sure twoud end depression in not over 60 DAYS
just dram the water from all stocks the Job complete
Cut out the fostering spot gamblers call Wall 81
Just shoot the old blue buzzard out the ballyhoo
cancel proteerng debts and you'll hear whistles blow
WIN RICHARDSON IAN Unemployed Mines,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01
Porto Rico, U, S. Possession,
An Island Of Hunger, Want
Delegate to Unemployed
Meet in Washington
Tells of Struggles
Bv CARL REEVE

BY CARL REEVE
tEDORTO RICO, United States pos
1 session, is the land of unemplc
ment, with Al per cent of its pop
lation totally jobless," declared L,
Vergne Ortiz, here as a delegc
from the Unemployed Council
San Juan, Porto Rico, to the n
tional Convention Against Uner
ployment to be held in Washingt,
on Feb. 3.
There are $4,000 unemployed
Porto Rico out Of a population
100000" said Ortiz. when tbs
United States took possession Of tbs
island after the war with Spain, So
years ago, II per cent of the popu-
lation was unemployed, and this was
now grown to Al per cent"
Porto Rico, 100 miles long and 40
miles wide, lies 70 miles east Of Haiti
and 500 miles southeast of Cuba. Its
population is largely engaged in agri-
culture, predominantly on sugar
plantations owned by American
bankers, with some tobacco fruit and
coffee. Its factories are principally
Sugar-proceSSing plants.
1.-THE San Juan Unemployed Coun-
Gil, first Unemployed Council in Per-
to Rico, is but a few weeks Old"
Ortiz, en- route to Washington, told
the Daily Worker. "One unemployed
demonstration has been conducted in
Porto Rico, a year ago. The workers
began the march in Sunoco (named
from the American oil company, a
section of San Juan, and marched
through the streets Of San Juan to
the capital, where the legislature
was in session. Heavy police cor
dons with rifles guarded the CAPT
tai. Delegations were sent in by the
unemployed to the house Of dele
gates"
Wages 80 Cents a Day
The wages of the peasants work
ing on the sugar plantations are 80
cents day, Ortiz stated. when
the new contract was recently signed
between the suger growers and the
peasants, MIRA. Director Long, rep
resenting Roosevelt, was consulted,
lathough he stated he could not take
any action regarding agricultural
pursuits. However, he took part in
working up this contract. When it
was finished, the Porto Rican Fed
Grafton of Labor CONNECTED with the
A. F. Of L. had approved a con-
tract which called for IL hours a day
in the sugar processing factories.
Long praised this contract. None of
the factory workers, except the
highly skilled, makes over dollar
a day wages in these factories"
This Infamous contract, which con-
demned the sugar workers in the
factories and on the plantations
alike to miserable existence, did
much to expose the federation of
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01
Latest Soviet NescSreeL On
Acme Theatre Program

AS an added feature to its showing
OF Hell On Earth" the international
tallde, the Acme Theatre is now show
ing the latest Soviet Newsreel which
has just arrived from Moscow. High
points Of the film give a close up Of
the farewell reception rendered to the
Russian Ambassador to U. S. Troya-
noysky by the American colony in
Moscow on the eve of his departure
for the United States. Short speeches
are made by Karl Radek, Troyanov-
sky, Louis Fischer and others. Harpo
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01
By O. S

ny u .
III.
IN MY first article published yes
l terday), In which I reviewed the
song-book put out last year by the
International Music Bureau Of the
International Workers Theatrical
Union in Moscow, I quoted extern
siyely from The Introduction, which
stresses the Importance Of revolu-
tionary mass singing not only in the
daily struggle Of peace" but also in
the course of imperialist war.
How Is song to be used for these
purposes?" asks the International.
"One of the most essential and ef-
fective slogans Of the fight against
imperialist war still Is and remains
the slogan Of defeating your own
capitalist government carrying on
imperialist war. The expression of
the flaming desire Of the defeat Of
ones own government and, stimuli
taneously, one of the strongest
means of revolutionary agitation
among the soldiers Of the enemy, is
the singing Of revolutionary songs
instead Of the patriotic songs Of the
fatherland.
This is true not only for the sing
ing Of your own country's reyolu-
tionary songs, but even more so for
the songs of the proletariat OF that
country which has become your mill
tary enemy, due to the domination
Of imperialism at the moment. It is
our task to develop things to such
a stage that in the future imperial
ist war the sounds Of Red Wedding
should be heard from one of the
enemy trenches, or, perhaps-Who
knows-over the radio. Ard in re-
ply to this call for proletarian soll-
do'itv the powerful Sounds Of the
New Carmagnole' viii be heard"
WITH this aim in view, 13 songs
" from eight countries were selected
and the texts translated into threa
languages - English, German and
Russian. There are two from France.
the Song Of the Young Guards
md the New Carmagnole." The for
mer is the typical carefree type Of
French popular song which might
have as words something about shep-
herds and shepherdesses-a kind Of
song that can have revolutionary
significance only through continued
association through use in the class
struggle. 1t is said to be very popu-
lar in France: so, such an associa-
ton may, in the course Of time, be
built up The other French song IS
IN arrangement Of two of the most
famous songs Of the old French
revolution - the "Carmagnole" and
Cara"
"Cominte-n' in Collection
Wolpe'S "a Just New World" rep
-esents Germany. It is vigorous but
conventional up to the last measure,
when a surprising lift upwards on
the last two svllables makes it a
song not easily forgotten-a hardin
Ter Of what is to come in the way of
rroletarian style. E!sler's Comm
tern" follows, perhaps one OF the
most widely known and bestowed Of
the whole collection.
The HUNGARIAN 'Labour Has
Risen" is folk-like in character
well known to us. Like the New
Carmagnole" it will take long asso-
citation and use to make it sound to
the occupants Of an enemy trench
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01

Labor leaders before The workers
Ortiz pointed out.
The Socialist Party, whose leader
is Santiago Iglesias, is careful to do
OF soy nothing to offend the Ameri-
can bankers controlling the island.
The Federation of Labor, with Rafael
Alonzo at its head and the Socialist
Party work closely together and have
'nterlocking leaders. The Nationalist
Party headed by A. Ccmpos, which
claims to be against American i'm
rerialism, guards the interests Of the
Porto Rican employers.
"The demands and problems of the
Unemployed Council of San Juan are
similar to those of the United States.
except that the poverty in Porto
Rico is more striking" Ortiz ex-
blamed. "a great propaganda has
been carried on by P. r. Martinez.
head Of the Department of Labor,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01
Wages 30 Cents a Day,
Luis Ortiz Says in
Interview

and other government leaders that
10000 workers are being given relief.
out of $4,000 unemployed, only 3d.
coo get relief, and they are put at
work draining swamps, for a wage
Of IS a week"
"T'he militancy Of the workers and
peasants has rapidly increased lin
The past few months" Ortiz ex-
planned, partly as a result of the
guccess Of the last general strike and
boycott led by the chauffeurs. The
Chsuffeurs organized a committee
and struck against the charge Of Is
cents a gallon levied by the foreign
ell companies, including the Stan
dard Oil and the Shell. The struggle
was a bitter one. Traffic was para
lyzed. The strike began in Maya
guez and spread to San Juan and
other towns. The strike was so effec-
tive that B. Long, the MIRA. repre-
sentative, could not travel without
permission OF the workers commit
tee. The workers won a victory when
the government was forced to issue a
proclamation reducing the price of
gasoline to 90 cents"
The Communist Party, Ortiz said.
IS less than year old, and already
has IL units throughout the island.
The Communist Party is leading the
movement for the organization Of
the unemployed, and is gaining in
duence in the fight against the doni-
nation Of American Imperialism.
Il want to go back from the Ma
tional Convention Against Unem-
ployment," Ortiz concluded, "and
NelD build a national movement Of
the unemployed along stronger lines,
rs result of the lessons and ex-
perience gained from the Unem-
ployed Councils Of the United
States"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01
English Literature
Course at Workers
School on Saturday
by Gropper

NEW YORK-A course in the His
tory Of English Literature from the
Observation-Disclosures Viewpoint will
begin on Saturday, at P NJ. at the
Workers School, 35 E. 18th st. The
course will be given by M. Vetch, Ma
tional Secretary OF the Pen and Ham
mer. and author Of number Of arti-
cles II literary subjects. Registration
is still open.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01
Anna Stem In "Nann" Opens
Tonight At Radio City

Samuel Goldwyn's production of
Mana" with Anna Stem in the lead
ing role, will have its first New York
showing today at Radio City Music
Hall. The film is based on Emile
zola's famous novel. The screen YER
sion was adapted by Willard Mack
and Harry Wagstaff Gribble. Dorothy
ArZner directed the production.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01
international Concert
in Chicago Feb. III to
Have Numerous Features

CHICAGO.-The Armenian, Czecho-
Sloyak, italian, Russian, Jewish,
Mexican and Ukranian proletarian
singing societies, orcheStras and ballet
groups will appear at the Interna-
tional Concert and dance on Sunday,
February IL, at $3.50 P. M, at the
Peoples Auditorium, 2457 W. Chicago
Avenue.
This Concert and Ballet is arranged
by the Communist Party, District 9.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01
NOTE

Yesterday we printed letter on
this page asking whether it is against
the law to place Daily Workers in
letter boxes. The editorial note APP
pended to this letter was omitted.
We have been informed by our at
torney that it is not Illegal
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01
CHANGE
WORLD!
POtamkin on-tte Theatre
By Michael Gold

WEN Allan PotanSn 50 summer
revolutionary highly Potamkns out
standing original a
qualities writer children
Lenn" available
hope say this column
response many
gives interest the following
hitherto unpublished Potamkn 1t is called For Social
Theatre"
THE reflection of the Its
the audience
ciay radcaized intellectual
socially critical by the economic crisis has turned from the
awaits
the
Theatre Union Not the fatuous nnuende OF shese anti
quaa social attack the revvahat popuic
tga the momenary excaton be followed by WEAKNESS
nor the cche Of the third act the egos rant OF playwright
actorthese satisfy intellectual socially
conscious playgoe He wishes participant drama
mentous conflict contemporary and far reaching
major currents
the status created the theatre which salts
h him. theatre is the social theatre will be satisfied
he this theatethis profound motivation the
social conflicts positive social action
The social theatre positive theatre unvcstng qbbng
for the pr donna to hwa the unit 1t
purpose action
ideas closely connected with the class struggle.
TOR professional young
peoeccs paywrgts directors tech
ncianhave joined They have felt the need that the conscien
audience exhibited
condition They
revolutionary effectively They prepared
onts without the thought vanity removing thereby
great obstacle to the advance Of social theatre which will
dn and the operation Of the theatre to the creation
rodc of plays they audience support
in the Immediate establishment and development of this theatre
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01
Lackauanna. ~. Y.

MASS LETTING called by the Buffalo Ex-
ecutive Comm. TWO. TWO. City Central
Comm. Of Lackawanna; En~lish Br T22;
Ukrainian Sec. Br. 1914, and Russian Mutual
Aid Society on Sunday. Feb. at 7:s0 pm.
at Friendship House. sat Ridge Road.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01
L UN ING IN

7:i5-Robin Hood-Sketch
7;3o-rhe New Deal in Public welfare
Commissioner william Hodson
E45-Carlos Gardel, Baritone; Coneer,
Orch.
3;o0-Capt. Diamonds Adventures-sketch
6:S0-Adyentures in Health-Dr. Herman
Bundesen
S:45-Siszlers Trio
s:0o-Death Valley Days
9:30-Duchin Orch.
l0:0G-Canadian Program
lo:3o-Archer Gibson, Organ Male Chorus
li:00-Cayaliers Quartet
ll;15-Anthony Frome, Tenor
11:30-Stern Orch.
12:00-Olsen Orch.
1890 A.M.-Dance Orch,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01
PHILADELPHIA, Pa.

NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Me
mortal Meeting Saturday, Feb. at 8 pm
at Kensington Labor Lyceum, 2s16-24 N
Second st. Adm 25c F. Hellmann, main
speaker. Choruses, Dram. Sec, Concert
Orchestra. Benefit Der Arbeiter" anc
Daily Worker" Auspices: Anti-Fascist
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01
STAGE AND SCREEN

Marx, who was III Moscow at the
time, appears in the film playing his
favorite instrument, the harp.
Speeches are mostly in English.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01
WABC-86O Kc

ZOO P.M.-Myrt and Marge
7;l5-Just Plain Bill-Sketch
7;30-SerenaderS Orch.
7:45-News-Boake Carter
8:0o-Mildred Bailey. Songs
S:l5--News-Edwin c. Hill
S:30--Shilkres Orch. Alexander Cray
songs; William Lyons Phelps, Narrator
s:00-Philadelphia Orch.
s;l5-Howard Marsh, Tenor; Mary East
man, Soprano; Kostelanet5 Orch.
9:30-California Melodies
10;00-Gray Orch. Irene Taylor, Songs: Trio
lo:30-News Reports
lo:4S-Warnow Orch; Connie Gates, Songs;
Ciubmen Quartet
il:15-Charles Garlic, Tenor
il:50--Jones Orch
i2:00-Nelsou Orch
1880 A.M.--Lyman Orch
i:oo-Faleho Orch.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01
(EerPLnnn. OhIn

6oth BIRTHDAY Of L o. Fcrd. Banquet
on Sunday, Feb at pm at Oak Pythian
Temple, zoe E. 105th st. Interesting pro-
o~an7
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01
WoR71onKc

WUk-TIU &c
700 PM.-5ports Prick
T:15-Comedy; Music
7:30-Lone Rangers-Sketch
S:00-Jack Arthur, Baritone
S:15-Book Talk
S:30-Dramatized News
9:45-Al and Lee Reiser, Plano Duo
9:o0-Redfern Hollinshead, Tenor; Della
Baker, Soprano aYe
s;s0-Elsie Thompson, Organ; Frank Sherry,
Tenor
s.45--The Witch's Tale
iO:15--current Events-Harisn Eugene Read
l0:30-The jolly Russians n
lf:0o-Moonbesms Trio
l1:30-Coleman Orch
l2:0o-Berger Orch. 4s7
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01
FridQu

LECTURE at American Youth Federation
1923 E. 18th ST. at $40 pm. Subject: "Shall
Birth Control Be Legaized?" Speakers: Mrs
F. Robertson Jones, Honorary President Of
the American Birth Control League. Cues
tions and discussion.
LECTURE by Harry Cannes on "Ths
Cuban Revolution" at fremont Prog. Club,
366 E. fremont Ave. at 8:45 pm.
VIM. L. PATTERSON lecture on WAY
Unemployment" under the auspices of the
Powell and Suffer Assembly, 1918 Pitkin Ave.
Brooklyn. Adm. 10c.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01
Chicago

STOCKyARDS Workers Masque Bail, given
by the Packing House Workers Industrial
Union, Saturday, Feb. 3 at 1872 E. 43rd ST.
Georgia Crooners Famous Orchestra. Ad-
mission 20c
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01
Hammond. Ind

SOVIET FILM showing of war Against
the Centuries on Friday, Feb. at s pm
az Trinity Hall, Howard and Ames st. cd
mission in advance 15c, at door zoe.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01
TONIGH10S PROGRAMS
WEAF--660 Kc.

WEAF-660 Kc.
200 P.M.-Plano Duo siJt
IlS--Billy Bachelor-Sketcl
7:30-Shirley Howard, Songs, testers Trio
7:4S--The Goldbergs-Sketch
S.00-Vallee Orch; Soloists
9:o0-Capt Henry Show Boat Concert
iO:0o-Whitenan Orch rsh
lt:0o-Vioia Philo, Soprano
il:15-Norman Gordon, Bass
Observation-Disclosures Orch! rs au
l2:o0-Ralph Kirbery, Songs
1905 A.M.-Lunceford Orch.
i3:30-Scotti Orch.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01

/ $3.50 pm
1 MEMBERS ". I. r. Band report at st.
I Nicholas Arena, Goth st. and Broadway at
/ 1880 pm. Bring stands.
BAZAAR given by the East Side Workers
/ Club, 1865 E. Broadway, Tor the benefit CT
Morning Freiheit Friday night-Concert
Saturday Cabaret night Refreshments, en-
/ tertainment, bargain galore.
NURSES and Hospital Workers League
meeting at Stuyvesant High School, s45 E.
I 18th st. at $50 pm.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-01
WJZ760tKc

100 p,M.-Amoa n Andy
Evening star., 1934-12-20

. psychological advantage by deliver
ing his first message in person.
As was the case when Congress
opened its last session, Mr.. Roosevelt's
forthcoming message probably will deal
with principles and policies, with spe-
cific recommendations to come later.
He found last session that q series
Of separate proposals for legislation
kept the opposition Of balance and
allowed changes in strategy to meet
developments.
The program on social. relief, pub
lie works and budgetary legislation
is virtually complete, but the Presi-
dent Is guarding its details closely.
Mr.. Roosevelt's political advisers
have urged him to postpone his radio
message until Congress has settled
to work. They argued that revela-
ton of the Presidents views before
Congress meets might cause reactions
that would strengthen the opposition
It has been argued also that the
attitude of the new 76 Democrats
in the House and the 13 new Demo-
cratic Senators has yet to be ascer-
tanned, while some restlessness has
Evening star., 1934-12-20
HERRERA TAKEN
0NMURDER COUNT
Cuban Who Was President
for a Day Surrendered
in New York.

Gen. Alberto Herrera, President Of
Cuba for a day during the recent po-
litical upheavaIs there, who lies at the
point of death in New York hospital,
may face a murder charge in his ma
tive land if he survives, as result of
the representations of Washington
attorney.
10 v. Morgan of the legal firm of
Douglas, Obear, Morgan Campbell
returned to Washington today and re-
lated the details of the New York
hearing yesterday and of Herrera's ar
rest.
The Cuban is charged, together with
former President Machado and three
soldiers, with the murder of a veteran
of the Cuban War of Independence
Col. Mass Glaso, who was shot down
May %, 1928.
Herrera fled from the island repub-
lie to Jamaica August 13, 1888. From
there he made his way to New York
City, where United States marshals
have searched for him with extradi-
tion papers since July of this year.
Evening star., 1934-12-20
RIOTERS QUELLED
AFTER TWO DIE IN
LYNCH ATTEMPT
CONTINUED From First Page.)

expected to live. Gilbert Freeman,
shot through the lungs and stomach,
also was expected to die, but late
this morning both men were reported
resting easily.
At 11:45 am, the mob made its
first attack. 1t was repulsed by tear
gas bombs.
Troops then held the throng at bay
until 2:15 pm. A Guard officer waved
his arms and summoned the mob in
an attempt to address it. The rioters
gathered close. Then tense nerves
snapped.
Yelling in rage, the throng closed
with the troops. Guardsmen turned
riot guns, bayonets and tear-gas bombs
upon the attackers. Repulsed, the
rioters retired temporarily into the
public square.
In the court room preliminary steps
toward putting Harris on trial had
been going forward.
Forty-five minutes later the third
assault began. This time the crowd
surged to the court house porch. One
man grabbed up a heavy bench and
battered down the doors. The troops
opened up with As automatics and
riot guns in bitter face-to-face fight
ing.
At 3 pm. the court recess ended
and Judge Coleman declared a mis-
trial, dismissing the jury.
"The adjutant general told me that
he could handle the situation so as to
have the trial, but that it might result
in the killing Of as many as 100 peo-
ple," said the judge later.
1T told him that didn't want that
done and that 7 would declare a mis-
trial to avoid bloodshed."
Approximately 81 800 worth Of Ten