davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-06-16

general strike, the Central Labor
Urion officials decided. true to
their role. that II WIS better to
head the general strike sentiment
in order to try and behead 1t.
So these takers adopted a vague
decision calling for considers-
ton Of a general strike to be
decided at a special mass robili-
zaticn IN juno j. They Het m =
Committee OF % 10 consider and
prepare for 1t.
Despite much agitation con.
Quoted bv the Communist Party
and Unemployment Council, to be
described in another article. these
maneuyers resulted in dispensing
the mass mobilization which was
charged with such fighting energy
and the general strike maneuvsrs
fooled many workers.
In addition, Ramsey trimmed his
sails, to the occasion. He began
using very radical phrases. He
even stopped attacking Communists
momentarily. This created a danger
because it raised the prestige Of
Ramsey and made 10 easier for him
to put over sell-out later. as we
already anticipated. In addition
special arbitrator and interna
tional officials began to pour into
Toledo by the dozen.
Added to the above, there we're
81 arrested for violation Of the in
junction and Of hundreds arrested
over one hundred were held and
charged with various crimes" The
Governor stepped into the situa-
ton demanding conferences and
ordering the plant closed lit had
already been closed a week ago by
the Masses
The Strike Breaking Bishop
The majority OF Auto-Lite stfik-
ers being Polish the Catholic bishop
was brought into the situation and
full page extracts Of his sermons
we're printed in all Toledo papers,
endorsed by the Chamber Of Com
merce, Rotary Clubs. etc. In his
speech appeared the following:
mo matter what one may think
sbnnt the calling ~ the troops,
the fact is that they are here
and thst they represent lawfully
constituted authority. To thwart
thefn in the performances of their
duty mr. to attack them IN snv
way violates the law Of God and
the law of the land. Let no cue
con6one such conduct. 49,. To
my own people within the church.
] solemnly declare such conduct
Is erieyous sin deserving Of
eternal Reproduction. The quick
cst way to restpre government to
the civil authorities is to desist
from every form Of violence. For
the rest let me urge my Catholic
pecrls and all my fellow citizens
tt stay cut Of the danger zore."
While all this propaganda and
mobilization of the boureeoisie and
their henehmen had some effect in
caucing confusion, the mass senti-
mont continued for general
strikc-the Auto-Jite strikers re-
iected various fraudulent settle
merts, The entire city was saame
with strike sentiment.
The n>St article will deal with
tho "The Role and Activities Of
the rarty.1
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-06-16
FOreignBOrn
Fights Deportation
Committee Asks Release
of Berkman, Others

NEW YORK.-A call TO al work.
ers to intensity their demands for
the cancellation Of deportation
Warrents against Jack Schneider,
Edith Bsrkmen, Sam Paul, william
za5ulisk. Anna zazuliak and others
held for deportation for activity in
working-class struggles was issued
yesterday by the Committee for the
Protection Of Foreign Born.
Protest kilograms should be sent
Immediately to Secretary of Labor
Perkins in Washington. Protests
should also be made Of bill for
right Of asylum for Czsrist Rus
slams now before Congress
Members Of the Committee for the
Protection Of Foreign Born have re-
Gently returned from Washington
where they presented their demands
to federal authorities for the freeing
Of foreign born workers arrested for
militant working class activity
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-06-16
New Head of Negro
Tells OF
Papers Significance
Merrill c. Work Has Been Teacher, Steel Worker,
Grand Central 'Red Cap Jobless Organizer

MY father finally resigned and
became president Of 2 rival institu-
ton. the Roger william" stated
Merrill Work as he threw his mind
back into the past "Streeter was
suspended and expelled several
times. and I was bounded and asked
to withdraw from the college I re-
fused to withdraw and was active
in getting Streeter reinstated.
The final straw that caused =
strike in December, 1924. was when
Mckenzie called 30 cops in to break
up meeting, and they treated the
students pretty rough"
The striking students demanded
the immediate removal OF McKen-
zie. all students rights, such as fra
ternities, regular social interming~
ling which they we're forbidden, a
Negro president. and Negro ma
iority on the faculty.
Right here is where I got my
understanding Of the unity Of Ne
gro and white workers. It could
happen right in the heart Of the
South I saw it myself. The stu
dents Of Vanderbilt University cams
out and demonstrated with us for
our demands.
w. f. Du Bots then editor Of
the Crisis, wrote letters giving US
counsel. He urged that We do not
ask for everything at once He
helped dissipate the force Of the
strike. He held of the battle so
that President Mckenzie was not
removed for six months. and in that
time many Of the strikers we're
terrorized and driven from school.
Our main demand, a Negro Presi-
dent was not won. due to this"
Then Merrill Works life was ons
Of fighter continually battling for
Negro rights. He taught school in
a little village called Murfreesooro,
Tenn, There he demanded the
same salary as the white teachers
in the school system, and the same
social and economic rights. and as
he dryly put it, 50 the next year
l taught school at Bowling Green,
Kentucky" He finally lost his lob
as teacher. and got a Job in the
steel mills of Gary. Ind. where he
worked as a sweeper, sticker puller,
hot mill catcher,
From 1923 to 1881 Merrill WORK
was a Red Cap in Grand Central
station During this time he be-
came active in the Urban League.
Il then thought that the question
Of Negro Liberation was one Of get-
ting new blood into the existing or
CARNATIONS. 1t was my opinion that
the leaders Of the Urban League,
and the NAA.C.P. were Uncle
Toms But I thought that Young
people with clear vision and incor-
IT,.sF5,.s,1I
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-06-16
Chicago C. P. Names
Jailed Negro JobIess.
Leader For Congress
Close to 300 Delegates Expected at New Haven
C. P Nominating Meet Today and Tomorrow

n CHICAGO, Ill, June 15.-David
Pointdexter. militant Negro unem-
ployed leader now serving a sentence
Sof from one to five years in Joliet
penltentisry was named a candidate
for Congress on the Communist
Party ticket at the nominating con-
vention Of the Second Congressional
District few days ago. The In
ternationsl Labor Defense is raising
bail to release Pointdexter pending
ais appeal,
Claude Lightfoot and Lucius Arm
strong were nominated for state as
empty and senate respectively from
n1e fifth senatorial district. Light
bot is well-known fighter in the
5anks Of the working class and has
been active on the South Side Of
Chicago for several years. He is
one of the leaders of the League of
Struggle for Negro Rights and sec
ton organizer Of the Young Com
munist League. Lightfoot polled
$4,000 votes when he ran for the
same position in 1882 Armstrong
q former steel worker, is section or
eanizer of Section Seven Of the
Communist Party.
Oliver Law and Isidore Merlin
we're also nominated for assembly
TO run with Lightfoot.
Armstrong MADE the main speech
Of the convention, discussing condi-
tions in the Chicago Black Belt, He
pointed out very sharply the need
for the most energetic fight against
segregation and rotten relief, and
told Of the leadership of the can
1idate nominated in such struggles
In the past.
Forty-two delegates attended the
conference, representing % working
class groups. The majority of those
present took the floor and voiced
their support of the Communist
program and the candidates.
1t was decided to call another
conference, July /, 10 am, at s
w, 44th to secure an even broader
support for the ticket. Bob Minor
will speak at this conference.
conference to elect Communist
Party candidates in the Seventh
Congressional District of Chicago
for the November elections, where
SO delegates representing % organi-
cations unanimously endorsed the
candidates and platform, was held
at Wickers Park Hall several days
ago. A nomination speech, made by
D, Brown, in the name Of the Org.
Committee, nominating for Con-
gress, A. Guss, was met with a
spontaneous demonstration which
lasted for several minutes. The
nomination Of Schelenberger. made
by delegate Delinky. as Senator for
the S5th Senatorial District, and the
nominations Of the Assemblynan,
made by the delegate Jay, we're met
with similar response.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-06-16

An automobile headlight was
fixed on the porch Of a house and
was used to pick cut points on the
factory walls at which missiles
were aimed
Brilliant Page in Labor History
The events of these "a hours, the
heroism of the Toledo workers and
their class solidarity. determination
and fighting ability is something
which stands out as a brilliant page
in the history of American labor
battles. One must have been on
the spot to really visualize it COM
pletely. The local Communists
were active on the picket line and
in these mass battles through all
these days. Individual Communists
together with previously unknown
non-Psrty workers, Jointly gave
leadership wherever possible to this
great unorgani7ed mass. As these
thousands, ranging at different
times from 10000 to $4,000, bsttled
hour after hour, there was no real
general staff.
THE Communists we're there-ac-
tive on all fronts. but not as A
recognized leadership. Those A. P.
of L. lealers like Ramsey. who did
come to the battlefront, spent part
of their time conversing with gov
eminent officials of all brands. AS
late as Wednesday, May %, Adj.
Gen. Henderson, of the Ohio Ma
tional Guard, stated that Mr..
Ramsey said that violence was not
caused by the union but by radical
elements that have inserted them
selves into the strike" These were
masses of workers in motion who
were expressing their class solidarity
with the striking Auto-Lite work.
ers; who felt that a defeat for
Auto-Lite workers meant worsening
of their own conditions; for whom
this Auto-Lite factory building with
its hundreds of tear gas bombs also
awakened dormant memories that
Mr. Mininger principal owner, had
been primarily responsible several
years previously, through his with
drawals, for wrecking several Toledo
banks and causing the loss of the
last savings of thousands OF Toledo
workers.
Troops Sent In
After the events of these "a hours.
the plant was closed down tight.
This ives because the masses con-
tinued to fight and the plant in
side was in no condition to be run.
Early Thursday morning fifteen
companies of National Guards came
in and under military escort re-
leased the soabs. 1t must be stated
that as a result of the first days
mass picketing many hundreds of
workers never entered the plant
Wednesday, so at most there was
between 500 to 600 scahs in the
plant by this time. The National
Guard was later increased to nine
teen companies. The following
statement appeared in one edition
of the Cleveland papers with refer
ence to no mobilize zion OF the
Toledo National Guard.
The lcesl National Gnsrd were
not modified because military
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-06-16
By JOHN WILLIAMSON


authorities and local authorities
thought IL inadvisable to ask
soldiers to charge their own
towns men"
The National Guard immediately
set UP a danger zone some eight
blocks square around the plant
They were fully equipped. The
coming Of the National Guard did
not throw fear and panic into the
masses. On the contrary it created
greater indignation. Instead OF
fighting the deputies, the masses
fought the National Guard from
Thursday to Saturday. For blocks
the streets we're damned with work
ers from all other factories as we'll
as unemployed There we're solid
lines OF National Guard two and
three deep and then similar inner
circles back to the plant which be-
came the headquarters Of the Ma
tional Guard The guardsmen not
only used tear gas and vomiting gas
but also lead bullets, killing two
wounding nearly a dozen - not
counting over $50 who we're taken
TO the hospitals for bruises, cuts,
bayonet iabs, overcome by gas. etc
The National Guard was superior
enemy compared to the deputies
Nevertheless. the workers with bare
hands and bricks drove back the
guardsmen two and three blocks as
a result Of several offensive moves
The workers felt from the point OF
view Of fighting they were in a bet
ter position at night, so throughout
the entire night the battle ragged
The workers not only hurled bricks
with effect at the National Guards
but barrage Of condemnatory
curses all of which had its effect
on the farming youth who had over
night begun to taste the class wal
in a sharp manner.
Persistent rur1o~s with some
basis Of fact, point TO some forr-
teen National Guardsrnen who re-
fused to handle their guns and
were locked up in the Armory.
CEEING the implication Of such
~ mass battles, every force Of the
boureeoiSie and its government be-
gan to be put into operation tc
crush the mass upsurge which Yves
already sweeping the town with the
cry of general strike" However
Il was the ALL. leaders who were
chosen to put over the reel Job OF
demcbilizing the masses by:
l. Dsrnobilizing the picket line
or mass mobilization Of the work
ers, by the clever msneuver Of
stating, 1--WE have scored victory
in closing down the plant, There
for there is no more need of
plcketing the plant any more. If
Mir;nysr tries 70 bring In ecabs,
then we will return II Is clear
they were always against mass
picketing. Under the nolicy OF the
leadership Of the A. F. of L. lead
ers, the plant had been running.
They ianrred that the two smaller
struck plants were still working.
However, this was successful FOR
the moment.
:. As ac5shs of nnions bsgsn
to formulate their owl strike de-
rsnds and 60 on record for
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-06-16

The most dramatic part Of the
conference was when C. W Staple
ton, in his acceptance speech re-
marked, Il am an Irishman, half
of my family we're either exiled or
executed fighting for the freedom
of Ireland. I am ready to sacrifice
as much for the freedom of the
workers Of this country"
The conference elected q commit
tee of Is to carry on the campaign
in the congressional district and
elected delegate Delinky campaign
manager.
The conference vent on record
indorsing the state ticket and
pledged to work hard for the cleo
ton of the candidates.
This is the second conference
held so far for the nomination Of
our Congressional and Senatorial
candidates, Other conferences will
be held in the 9Th Congressional
District, Saturday, June 18th. at
Liberty Hall, 1405 So. North Ave,
Cicero, Ill. On the same date in the
4th Congressional District, at 4O06
West Roosevelt Road. On June the
18th conferences will be held in the
9th Congressional District. at 548
Wisconsin, the 9th Congressional
District at Washes Hail. the 3rd
Congressional District and 5th Con-
gressional District. All working class
organizations are asked to send
delegates to those united front con-
ferences to map out a platform for
the coming elections and to nomi-
nate working class candidates for
the Communist Party ticket.
Other candidates nominated are:
HAM w. Pfeiffer Clara speer.
Wesley James t4arrick, Bernard
Gosse, Jrs Andrew Russo.
Campaign Tag Days
The Communist Party Election
Campaign Committee set Tag DAYS
fer June is and II. The Election
Camr3ign Committee is appealing
W III " VI hCA . ollG WIZ XIX ElHSS OF
carnations to report to one of the
above listed Tag Day stations to
help in the collection of funds. The
Election Committee is at the same
time issuing an appeal for dons-
tions and contributions from indi-
viduals to be forwarded TO Election
Campaign Committee, 1ol SO. Wells
St. Room 7o5, Chicago, I'll.
List of Tag Day Stations for June
is and II
BOB Van Buren, St.. 1923 Blue Is
land Ave, 1906 S. Racine Ave. Ills
W, Madison ST.. 1851 w. Polk st..
1912 W. Cermak Rd,
1904 w Roosevelt Rd.. 274I w.
Cernak Rd., 1924 Lawndale Ave.
Continued on Page g
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-06-16

Sometimes the strike pickets would
join. Other times, under the direc-
tions of Ramsey, they would hold
aloof from the non-striker pickets
modified by the Unemployed Coun-
Gil and Communist Party.
THE A. F. Of L. officialdom did
everything possible to keep the
officially recognized handful OF in
effective pickets from becoming a
part Of the larger group brought
down by the u. c. under slogans of
mass picketing,' violation of the
Injunction, CLOSE down the plant, .
etc. Even during this time, Ram
sey pointed out leading Communists
to the police as people who we're
not strikers-who were outsiders,
etc. In these preliminary struggles
the local c. ?. organizer was ar
rested end chased off the picket line
several times because of such &C
tons.
Miniger Led Bosses
The employers, particularly Mini
ger of the Auto-Lite Co.. with the
full support of the National Auto
Chamber Of Commerce, we're de-
ternined to smash the strike, have
nothing to do with the strikers and
their union and to build company
union.
AS weeks passed by the strikers
we're much more receptive to our
slogans. In the week prior to May
81, we determined, in view of the
growing disgust of the strikers for
the methods of the A. F. of L.
leaders, to initiate an intensive
drive for mass picketing on Mon
day morning, May 81 Leaflets were
issued, signs we're made, meetings
we're organized. A trial of two COM
rades for violating the injunction
was utilized to reach strikers in
the court room. At this moment,
the Musteites also entered the sit
uation through Budenz and Cope.
In order to try and gain some in
f1uence. for strategy to be later
explained. they also raised the
slogan for mass picketing for Mon
day.
The first big response came at the
Monday afternoon shift when a
couple of thousand gathered on the
picket line and began to farass the
seabs as they left and entered the
plant. That night passed without
any head-on collision, although 1t
was clear the situation was becon1-
ing more tense. The next day, the
crowd had nearly doubled. Thou
sands of strike sympathizers (the
strikers themselves only numbered
600 to 70o) began to gather in front
of the plant and formed solid
mass picket line around the plant.
The scabs were kept in the plant
because of the mass picket line.
Then, under the guidance of police
and deputies they were released.
The strikers and sympathizers be-
gan to make known their presence.
The police and deputies charged.
which resulted in the first real bat
tie in which the workers didn't
come out the worst. Over twenty
company autos we're wrecked. Hun
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-06-16
4S-HOUR STRIKE IN SPAIN

SEVILLE, Spain. June ia 49,
hour general strike was declared
here today in the face of police
terror that has resulted in the arrest
If over $50 workers in the past ten
davs.
The Civil Governor Of Seville has
taken the Iced in applying ruthless
force to the suppression Of the
strike Of farm laborers still raging
throughout Spain.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-06-16
BY HELEN KAY

IRON school teacher to steel
4 worker, from Red Cap in
Grand Central Station to or
ganizer for the Urban
League, from unemployed
worker and organizer to the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-06-16

(Cortinued on Page 81
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-08-16
Indianapolis Police
Arrest Ten Workers
in New Terror Drive

INDIANAPOLIS, Ind, Aug. 15.-
Police here have attacked the last
three shop-gat meetings held at
Kingan and company, large indie
pendent packing house, arresting
ten workers. Two of these meet
ings were under the auspices of the
Communist Party, while the third
was an open-air American Fedora
ton of Labor union rally.
All of the workers are out on bail
ranging from 500 to $1,000. When
protest delegations came to Chief
of Police Morrisey, demanding ex-
plantations, he declared: Sure I
sent these men down. I'm going
to break UP every Red meeting I
can"
The police raided the August l
anti-war rally held at Military Park.
and arrested two speakers, Wilbur
Wilson, 30-year-old Negro, and Sol
Larks, section organizer of the Com
munist Party.
In the police car and In the Ber-
tillon room at police headquarters
the police attempted to intimidate
the two workers. and when Larks
refused to answer questions, he was
badly beaten. The hearings are to
come up on August II.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-08-16

NEW York; oil o wing the
spirited mass welcome meeting for
Angelo Herndon at Rockland Pal
ace, 155th st. and Eighth Ave, last
mig t, preparations Immediately
moved forward for a mighty CITY,
wide outpouring of white and Negro
workers and intellectuals at the
Bronx Coliseum, East 177th st.
This central meeting to welcome
Herndon will be held next Wednes-
day evening, Aug. %, Sacco and
Vanzetti Day, concentrated by the
International Labor Defense as Ma
tional Scottsboro Day in the mass
fight for the safety and freedom of
the nine Scottsboro boys.
Herndon, who has been tempo
rarily rescued from the Georgia
chain gang by the protests and sac
rifices of the working class in rails
ing the $4,000 bail bond, will be
the principal speaker at this meet
ing. Outstanding leaders of the
revolutionary movement who will
greet Herndon at this meeting in
clude: Clarence Hathaway, editor
of the Daily Worker; Harry Hay
wood, national secreatry of the
League of Struggle for Negro
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-08-16
Relief Bureau Heads
Attempt to Frame-Up
White Collar Leaders

NEW YORK. Efforts by the
Emergency Home Relief Bureau
heads, to help C.W.A. and Works
Division officials prepare a frame
up against two organizers Of white
collar relief workers was revealed
yesterday. The Daily Worker learn
ed that written instructions were
read on Monday to investigators in
at least two Manhattan precincts
asking them to submit any informa-
ton in their possession concerning
Alexander Taylor and Isidore
Needleman. Both are officials Of
the Association of ONCE and Pro-
fessional Emergency Employees.
Despite the fact that the names
OF the officials who read the instruc-
tons are known and that the time
and place of the reading is known.
various Relief Bureau officials yes
terday denied any knowledge of the
matter. Needleman, however. was
not in the least mystified
This is obviously an attempt to
get something, anything on Taylor
and me to justify my dismissal for
organizing activities and to en-
barrass Taylor in his activities as
full tine official for the organiza-
tion," Needleman said.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-08-16
German Communists Proclaim "Thaemann for PRESIDENT
GANGS, COURTS KEEP UP COAST TERROR
W einstone to Debate
Republican Leader
In Detroit Sept. %

DETROIT, Mich, Aug. Is
The debate between U. S. Hegg-
blom Of the Republican Party
and William Weinstone Of the
Communist Party on Resolved,
TIL at Proletarian Dictatorship
Should Supplant the Republican
Form of Government" has been
postponed until Sept. %. The
place will be announced later.
The debate was originally
scheduled for August ID. 1t had
to be postponed because the
Mechanics Educational Society
of America, under whose aus
pieces the debate was supposed
to have been held, has called it
off on the grounds that they
had other arrangements and that
Matthew Smith, president, had
agreed that the M. E. S. A. was
not authorized to make any such
arrangement"