davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1934-01-14

system will supply. Thus we find that
examinations are held for thousands Of
posts and are open both to those within
and without the service. But these
tactics, which emphasize specialized
knowledge, discourage resort to tests Of
general fitness and general educational
qualifications The consequence has
been that, even by civil service reform
ers, the public service is not thought of
so much as a career which one enters
in early life and continues with reason
able promotion until retirement. but as
a congeries Of special occupations re-
quiring for each a particular vocational
equipment. We have demanded special
fitness in candidates rather than ca
pacity for development. Except for
edge, we have made little effort to CO.
ordinate our public service and our
educational system.
Attracting Good Men.
As q result the young college man
with q general arts degree has found
Government work closed to him as Q
professional career devoid of politics.
This Is one reason, apart from the
abuses Of the patronage system, why
our public service has not attracted its
fair share Of the best ability Of the
country. We have failed to realize the
extent to which our colleges and uni
versities can be made training schools
for future public administrators. We
have considered q vocational equipment
more important than fundamental de-
velopment and have failed to provide
place and an opportunity for the col
lege graduate who Is so frequently
dressed up with q zeal for public serv-
ice, but with no place to 60.
There has been little effort, except
In technical posts obviously requiring
Evening star., 1934-01-14
Nazi Criticism Bitter and Reveals
Extremism of Present Movement

BERLIN, Germany.-Extremism is
likely to accompany all great national
revolutions, and to take place at the
expense Of an unfortunate particular
class. The aristocrats suffered in
France In 1889; the middle bourgeoise In
Russia in 1917; the free masons in Fas-
ctst Italy. The enemies of NaZi Ger
many are wider category-Jews, paci-
fsts, Communists, Socialist, Democrats.
NaM fanatiCism has attacked them with
extraordinary ferocity. And sometimes
uniquely among revolutions re-
suit Is humorous.
From Nazi Pamphlet.
Here, for instance, are selections from
2 Na1 pamphlet, "The New Bases Of
Racial Research" by Hermann Gauch:
In non-Nordics the teeth, corre-
spending to the snoutlike appearance of
the upper jaw. stand at more oblique
ing motion Of chewing il Nordics allows
chewing to take place with the mouth
closed. whereas the squeezing nature of
chewing in men Of other races inclines
Chem to make the same smacking noises
as animals.
"But the Nordic mouth has further
n1periorities. Just as the color red has
stirring effect, the bright red mouth
Of Nordics attracts, and provokes kisses
and courtship. It looks prepossessing
and, Is it were, kiss-capable.
Sensual Eayerness
ION the other hand, the -Nordic's
broad, thick Tipped mouth, together with
his wide-dilated nostrils, displays SEN
sual eagerness, . malicious and false
leer, and . sippering movement indica-
tive Of voluptuous self f-indulgence.
"'Talking with Che aid of hands and
Evening star., 1934-01-14
British Policy Now Forces 1t to Help
Arabs Ousted From Palestine Farms
(Copyright, 1934.)

paid over q period of five years and
then assessed this as the amount due
to the government.
The five years chosen to compute the
tithe were exceptionally good crop years,
Arabs maintain, whereas the crops on
which the new system has been applied
have all been disastrous failures. The
result, according to Arabs, is that the
amount taken by the tithe Is much
more than one-tenth, In many cases
amounting to the farmers whole
harvest.
Criticize Government Loans.
The governments loans to Arab
farmers are criticized with equal bit
terness. In many cases money given
for seed loans is seized by tax collectors.
Arabs claim. In others the farmers
are so close to starvation that they
spend the money on food.
As for loans from the treasury, Arabs
claim that they represent only frac-
ton of what the government owes the
farmers because of its seizure of the
assets of the Ottoman Agricultural Bank
after the war. The farmers had con-
tributed these assets.
The formation of Arab farm CO.
operatives should help considerably in
time, Arabs admit, but their effect
cannot be felt for several years, and the
Arab farmers need immediate help. AS
for the agricultural experiment station
and other government agencies to i'm
prove farm methods, they help the Jews
equally with the Arabs and therefore
leave the Arab at the same relative dis
advantage.
(Copyright 1q33)
Evening star., 1934-01-14
EMPLOYER MADE SUPREME
UNDER GERMAN LABOR LAW
Represents Government, and Workmen
Are Denied Unions in Losing Nearly
All Benefits Acquired Since 1918.

The details Of their organizations
have not been disclosed. but they are
suggested as official courts, tndepend-
ent OF the present courts, their tribu-
mails being composed Of representatives
OF workers, employers and economists.
Unemployment insurance, which was
established ip 1927, though not bearing
the distinctive Socialist label, con-
tinues. So do accident and sickness
insurance and old age retirement pen
sions, which have protected the Ger
man workman since the era Of Bis
marck.
The functions Of the Arbeitfront are
specified IN the law. such as the dues
which it shall collect and what it shall
provide for the workmen's spare time.
The nominal labor organization in
practice now by law becomes little
more than year recreation and edu-
cational organization.
Free Entertainment.
1t will provide club house with ac-
companying entertainment, while its
most pretentious project Is the pro-
posed taking over of the Schauspiel-
haus. one of the largest theaters in Ber-
lin. 1t will be exclusively for members
of the Arbeitfront and no admissions
will be sold. Tickets will be distributed
free to workers and their families can
enjoy an evening Of classical drama or
elevating opera. For vaudeville and
movies and cabarets, he must pay as
usual.
The crowning glory of the workman
Is plan. not going so smoothly. to
provide each one with a moderate
priced uniform. so priced by all Ger
mans. 1t will be a plain double
breasted blue cut. but accompanied by
cap with small metal shell above
the visor. The chief trouble so far has
been to agree on specifications for the
cloth so that the factories can start
turning out the millions of yards re-
quired.
Hat manufacturers, who have secured
similar official declaration that, going
bare-headed Is non-Aryan, are also
opposed to the transformation into .
nation Of cap-wearers.
(Copyrieht, 1934)
Evening star., 1934-01-14
Hawaiian Rice Growers
Get U. S. Encouragement

HONOLULU, Hawaii-Federal en-
couragement for the hard-struggling
rice industry in Hawaii is being given.
Under the national agricultural adjust
ment act, Harry M. Creech. San Fran
cisco attorney and chairman Of the
Marketing Board for the California rice
industry, has spent several weeks In
the islands. He has gathered large
amount of data and held meetings with
rice growers, millers and wholesalers,
tn an effort to stabilize the industry
and realize better prices.
Wider distribution for the Hawaiian
rice is in prospect. The rice grown here
Is recognized as Of high quality, but
most of the fields are small and the
sowing, harvesting and other crop
processes are mostly by hand. The
small areas cultivatable and the nature
of the soil-extremely heavy mud
makes the use Of machinery such as
tractor plows impossible.
Mr.. Creech has also studied Hawaii
as q market for California export rice.
as the territory does not produce
enough for local consumption.
(Copyrisht, 1934)
Evening star., 1934-01-14

the Department Of Commerce; his crew
u certified by one bureau In Commerce,
signed OF in the presence Of another
and inspected at sailing by the Treas
ury and on arrival by the Department
Of Labor"
The statement was not an exaggera-
ton nor have conditions materially
improved since 1t was made Rather.
there have been only specific changes,
notably the bringing Of veterans af-
fairs under one head. the consolidation
of procurement activities under the
Treasury Department and the assem-
bling Of national parks, reservations,
public buildings and Federal cemeteries
Similar Gases Exist.
As pertinent illustrations can be
more so, In fact, because Of the extra
ordinary Capitalization Of authority
over business In. recent months that
has made the National Capital the
focal point Of financial. industrial, and
agricultural afiairs-a condition unex-
ampled even during the World War
To cite single example: The public
commonly supposes that responsibility
in tariff matters Is lodged with the
United States Tariff Commission. It
is Q most erroneous supposition. That
body Is little more than q single entity.
It's functions are interlocked with the
Departments of State, Treasury and
Commerce. sn Of which have their re-
spective tarid functions. Furthermore,
the N. r. A. can blanket the whole
outfit And as . last observation. there
are duties that 60 up to the President
himself, with the Congress always how
ering nearby to enact legislation either
clarifying or complicating the present
confused set-up.
The overlapping and in some in
stances the duplication OF effort has
been built up over the years. It runs
the gamut Of governmental affairs.
Some authorities say 1t dates back to
the time of Hamilton, who in devising
the scheme Of executive departments
placed the different functions Of ad-
into groups Of the same general major
purpose, under single-headed respou-
sibility.
Certainly ever since his time those
charged with responsibility have been
busy creating and scattering the serv-
ices made essential by the growth
Of the Nation. Occasionally the ac-
tivities directed to the same major
purpose have been correlated. but ct
other times new bodies have been made
sufacient unto themselves, and some
few, notably the Shipping Board. have
even disdained and ignored the Chief
head of the executive establishment,
that body did not regard itself a
subject to his direction.
To state the truth plainly II bluntly,
our Government machinery u about
e patched up q anything possibly
CONTINUED o. Tlfth PaeeJ
Evening star., 1934-01-14
BY THEODORE G. JOSLlN,
Former Secretary to President Hoover.

A ROOSEVELT initiated the move
~ ment for reorganization Of the
~ Federal Government, and it
4 \ remains for q Roosevelt to
consummate 1t.
Thirty years ago T. r. began en-
phasizing the desirability of properly
organizing the conglomerate mass that
is called the executive establishment
From that time to this, five successive
Presidents. regardless OF their political
Affiliations, have advocated this reform
the lack of which during this period
has cost the American people billions
Of dollars.
But until the present, jealousies,
rivalries and politics have frustrated
all efforts to create an orderly pro-
cedure that would modernize the con-
duct of our national affairs. Merely
the mention of q specific plan, let alone
its presentation, always has galvanized
opposition into action.
This opposition invariably has come
from officials whose authority might be
curtailed or who were afraid their posi-
tions would be endangered, government
tai divisions which wanted to maintain
their activities and jurisdictions and
citizens and organizations that had
specific interests and feared that their
favorite bureau or commission would
be eliminated or less subject to their
influence in new setting.
Depression Forced action.
But even such formidable array OF
forces eventually had to give ground
when the greatest Of world depreSStOnS
made economy imperatively necessary.
With reconstruction certain to prmg
savings that would Offset at least In
part the mounting national debt. Con-
gress vested in President Franklin D.
Roosevelt, If somewhat reluctantly, the
power denied to all Of his predecessors.
BY employing this power-as he
already has begun to employ tt-he
not only can make for an infinitely
more eflcient organization, but will
effect savings to the taxpayers amount
ing to 81, ,00O, 900 day. Students Of
governmental affairs contend that this
sum represents the waste the scattered
entities Of bureaucracy have been
causing.
Perhaps the coming year win bring
completion Of the reform desired IN the
hodge-podge arrangement OF 25S de.
partments, commissions, bureaus and
other subdivisions. employing more
than 100000 persons, which results
not only IN Cue SQuAuoeIuls VI PuUaAC
funds but drives the individual citizen
from pillar to post as he seeks the
information he must have. settles de-
mands upon him or determines the
regulations by which ne is required to
conduct his business affairs.
A graphic description Of the con-
fusion that through the years has
gradually developed ct the seat Of the
Government Is the illustration used By
former President Hoover when he
Evening star., 1934-01-14

a 4 OST informed people agree that
M N. r. A., If moderately success
V full, will set the pattern Of gov
l Y i ernmental regulation of busi-
ness for the next generation.
Although the written frame of our Con-
stitution may not be altered, we shall
undoubtedly witness broad changes in
the methods by which this regulation
will be accomplished. For this reason
the national industrial recovery act and
the codes drafted under 1t are Of the
utmost significance. They call for CO.
operation between the Government and
industry, and for the delegation to in
dustrial and commercial authorities OF
functions heretofore considered to be
the special prerogative Of government.
Whether the changed situation be con-
sidered a new order or merely modi-
fication Of the old, no one will dispute
that it has raised problems requiring
trained intelligence on the political side
and expert competence on the admins
trative.
Today we are committed to the prin-
ciple of a nationally planned economy.
We have accepted half the doctine OF
Fascism, that individuals abandoned to
themselves cannot attain happiness;
that government cannot limit itself TO
the merely negative function of defense
of liberty. but must act positively to
create economic and social wellbeing.
Democracy's Problem.
But. it may be seriously asked. are not
popular government and social plan
ming incompatible? The former means
free play of opinion, speech and express
sion. It assumes a rough-and-tumble
political fight. 1t implies that one crowd
holds office only until their opponents
can turn them out at the polls The
spirit of discipline, the prompt decisions
and the continuous adherence to policy
which Fascism attains have not been
characteristic of democracy. Must rep
resentative government at best remain
a debating society?
Can democracy organize itself for
action, at once swift and comprehensive,
which will enable 1t to meet the de-
mands which the New Deal imposes
upon it? I believe that it can to a rea-
sonable degree, although I admit that
the issue is still in doubt. Whether the
infinitely delicate balance can be MAIN
tanned between popular responsibility
and authority empowered to act with
decision remains to be demonstrated.
In my opinion one of the chief handi-
Evening star., 1934-01-14
Army in Hawaii to Get
PA New Motor Cars

HONOLULU, Hawaii.-One Of the
largest motor equipment orders for the
United States Army since World War
days will give to the Hawaiian Depart
ment IA new vehicles. The total order,
is is understood here. is for 7,776 We
hicles. Motorization has been ordered
for the field trains, two brigades. four
regiments and headquarters companies
in the Hawaiian Department. The
Field Artillery will also get some much
needed motor equipment, including
truck power and 75-millimeter gun car
riages modified for high-speed hauling.
Most of this motor equipment viii 90
to Schofield Barracks, but some will
be sent to the Coast Artillery posts IN
Honolulu sector.
fCorvrirht. 1a34)
Evening star., 1934-01-14
Nazi Movement Finds
South Africans Cold

JOHANNESBURG, South Africa
The Nazi movement seems to be trying
to spread itself into this comparatively
small community. but so far the only
person who shouted Hell. Hitler" at a
johannesburg meeting called to protest
against the treatment Of Jews In Ger
many. He is still in the doctors hands.
There have been insulting and threaten
ing letters to some of the more promi-
nent of South Africa's Jews and anti
Semitic meetings here and there. par
ticularly in Cape Town, and these have
prompted Minister of Justice Smuts to
issue q statement condemning any eff
fort to arouse racial feeling.
(Copyrieht, 1880
Evening star., 1934-01-14
BY JUNIUs B. WOOD.

~ ERLIN, Germany. - Germany's
- new labor law has been adopt
IL ed by the Hitler cabinet with
IL q censorship ban against any
comments by the German news
papers until 1t Is formally promulgated
next week and the promise that 1t will
be distributed to foreign newspapers on
Tuesday.
It Is known. however, as explained in
these dispatches on December IL, that
1t virtually obliterates all the Socialis-
tic theories and most Of the benefits
which the German wofkmen acquired
during the years since the 1918 revo-
luton.
Trade Unions Abolished.
The trade unions, which were nomi-
nally legal through their merger last
year into the Nazi party Arbeitfront
and all similar workers organizations
are abolished and the employer Is the
supreme authority under the govern
ment
Suhstantiation of this was given by
the speech this week of Robert Ley,
head of the Arbeitfront, in which he
compared the employer to the COM
mander Of any army or battalion with
absolute authority.
Economic and industrial life is ad-
justed to the leadership principle, but,
with NATURALIZATION of each separate
establishment under employer leader
ship, the entire national industry Is
made more dependent and more firmly
shackled under the centralized govern
ment and party leadership.
Oficial control Is expected to sup
press the natural tendency of the
workers to unite for their own inter-
ests and the incentive to employers in
the same line Of business to group to-
gether for similar reasons.
Courts Of Honor Established.
However, the German workman Is
by no means reduced to medieval serf-
dom by the new "order of national
work." as the law Is titled. His shop
councils and labor courts are abol-
ished, but in place of the latter So
called courts Of honor" are estab-
lished
Evening star., 1934-01-14
Boom in Gold Creates
"Cold Row" in Manila

MANILA, Philippine Islands.-with
. gold boom In full career gold row"
has rapidly developed In the marble
arcade Of Manila's finest business block.
doubled in the last month, but have
Jagged far behind the soaring Of min
ing stocks. Ask o business man about
business and he groans, for business Is
vanishing. Ask him about his mining
shares and he grins. his paper profits
are making him rich, while his store
Is innocent Of customers.
Every business man seems to have
his favorite mine, In which he is an
officer, usually the president or the
treasurer. Shares are absorbing his
capital, but rising into sky-high paper
profits.
(oopyrisht, fo3l.)
Evening star., 1934-01-14

sought to induce the Congress to give
him the authority that It since has
delegated to President Roosevelt, who
is equally desirous Of effecting the
changes.
THE question Of governmental aids
to navigation" said Mr.. Hoover in one
Of those rare moments when he re-
vealed his sense Of humor, 'tis not By
any means one Of the principal func..
tions Of our Government, but It must
be Q sore trial to the hardy mariner.
He must obtain his domestic charts
from the Department Of Commerce, his
Evening star., 1934-01-14

feet Is characteristic of non -Nordics,
while the Nordic man stands calmly,
often with his hands in his pockets.
I'VE find pronounced sense Of mod
esty only in the Nordic civilization. But
the dark-skinned man Is hardly able
even to blush. externally.
The -Nordic man occupies an in
tern1ediate position between the Nordics
and the animals, Just about next to the
anthropoid ape. He Is therefore not q
complete man. He is really no man at
all, but transition, an intermediate
stage. Better and more apt is the desig-
nation 'subman' (Untermsnsch)."
(Copyright. 1e33)
Evening star., 1934-01-14

foreign charts from the Navy Depart
ment and his nautical almanac from
the Naval Cbservatory-and he will In
some circumstances get sailing direc-
tions from the Army.
In fog, he may get radio signals
from both Navy and Commerce, and
listen to fog horns and look for lights
and buoys provided him by Commerce;
II he sinks his life Is saved by the
Treasury. He win anchor at the d.
rection Of the Army, who rely upon the
boilers and Meboats are inspected By
Evening star., 1934-01-14

technical training, to attract college
graduates to careers In public service.
The sad fact Is that while college stu
dents are more interested in public af-
fairs than any other group Of our pop
ulation, few actually enter governmental
employment 1t Is true that government
does not offer them the high financial
return which exceptional success in
business or private practice affords, but
poor pay Is not the chief deterrent. II
public office enjoyed high prestige and
young men leaving college could be Of
fered careers leading ultimately to posts
Of distinction and Importance, the pull
Of public service would counterbalance
the poor pay.
Principles Of Selection.
The trouble Is that q college grad
uate with q fair training in history,
political science and economies Is un-
able to capitalize his education when
he looks for position in the civil serv-
ice. On the other hand, however he
finds that banks and business corpora
tions will offer him posts above the
clerical grade with well defined oppor.
tunities of promotion to executive posi-
tions. Thus while business has accepted
those principles Of selection Of recruits
which govern the higher administrative
classes in the British civil service. in
public employment the college graduate
Is asked to start at q routine clerkship
But even II he is willing to spend
his early years In routine work, he still
finds no assurance of ultimate advance
ment to high executive posts. The COL
lege boy sees that even reform admin
istrations. when seeking to gain credit
for high-grade appointments. usually
select prominent business men from out
side rather than promote from within
the service. American people have more
faith In conspicuous business success as
q preparation for public ONCE than In
years Of preparation for such RESPONSE
bilities in the service itself. Unques-
tionably we secure some valuable talent
from this source, but the effect on the
development Of career services Is OBJ
vious. In word, . young man con-
templating o career in public admins
tration finds that under the spoils sys-
tenn his tenure will be insecure, and
that, the spoils system aside, the posi-
bility of promotion within the service
to posts of honor and importance in
later life is most uncertain.
There are the obvious remedies. For
example, greater popular education re-
garding the merit system; abolition Of
Evening star., 1934-01-14

Continued on Third Page.)
Evening star., 1934-01-14

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