davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
CONFEDERATE
Vets CONVENE
SESSION TODAY
Scheduled to Hear Com
mander Of Legion at
Chattanooga

CHATTANOOGA. Tenn, June
g. (UP) - Nearly 1900 Con-
federate veterans were camped
last night near the historic bat
tlefields where more than 10
years ago many of them clashed
with Union soldiers.
Special trains came in all dur
ing the day with delegations for
the annual reunion of the grey
clad survivors of the War Be-
tween the States, which official
ly gets under way today for a
three-day session.
General Homer Atkinson, conf
mander-in-chief of the Confed-
crate veterans, and a large dele
cation from Virginia arrived on
a special train yesterday at B p.
m. They paraded to the city hall
and were presented with the keys
to the city by Mayor Ed Bass.
Nearly 500 other veterans and
visitors arrived earlier in the aft
ernoon aboard the "Dallas spe-
cial."
Another train brought General
Harry Rene Lee, adjutant-gen-
eral and chief of staff, together
with his official staff. They were
accompanied by Governor Hill
McAlister of Tennessee, who well
coined the veterans today. and
Mrs. McAlister, official hostess.
Hundreds of the veterans were
encamped in the Chattanooga
high school building and last
night snapped tales and refought
the battles of Lookout Noun
tain, Missionary Ridge and Chick
amauga Park which were waged
around Chattanooga.
Most of the early arrivals wore
at least a part of their old grey
uniforms. many of them in tat
tiers.
c. E. Bradley, 90, of Santa
Ana, Calf, claimed the distinc-
ton Of travelling the farthest to
the reunion.
Edward A. Hayes, commander
of the American Legion, sponsors
of the reunion, is scheduled for
an address today.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
TO POUR BASE
FOR MAIN ST.
PAVING SOON
Work on Foundation Start
ing Thursday if the
Weather Permits

If weather conditions are IA
vorable, contractors in charge OF
the resurfacing of Main street will
tomorrow begin pouring concrete,
it was stated today.
The force has practically finish,
ed the work of removing the ola
pavement from the center of the
street, being now in the process
of finishing the last block between
Second and Third avenues. AS the
old pavement is taken out a crew
working behind the shovel pre-
pares the center of the street for
the concrete.
A force to go to work on the
concrete work was being rounded
up today and is expected to go to
work in the morning. The prog
ress made thus far in the repay,
ing of the street has been RAPID
in spite of adverse weather con-
ditions.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
SENATE STRUGGLES
WITH SILVER BILL

WASHINGTON, June e. (UP)
Thwarted in the house by gag
rule. congressional inflationists
Tuesday opened their last fight
of the session with an attack in
the senate on the administrators
silver bill.
Behind the drive is faction Of
the senate silver bloc which feels
the legislation does not go far
enough. They have prepared
strengthening amendments and
warned of protracted debate un-
less administration leaders accept
the proposed revisions.
Senator Elmer Thomas, silver
haired Oklahoma Democrat and
leader of the inflationists, is di-
recting the battle. He introduced
an amendment late yesterday
which would revise the policy Sec
ton of the bill and make silver
primary or standard money of ul-
innate redemption.
Senator Pat McCarran, Demo-
crat, Nevada, another member Of
the disgruntled faction, submit
ted an amendment which would
! force the treasury to, issue silver
certificates against the silver pur-
chased by the government to
reach the objective Of rs per cent
gold and rs per cent silver in the
metallic reserves Of the nation.
The bill as drafted by the treas
ury and passed by the house au-
thorized issuance of silver certif-
icates. but left the amount to
the discretion Of the treasury Sec
rotary. McCarran complained that
this feature was too permlsslye
! and would not place sufficient
new money in circulation.
Another amendment will be Of
fered TO eliminate from the house
bill the provision calling for a 80
per cent profits tax. McCarran
said. The tax was included in the
measure at the specific instruc-
| ton of President Roosevelt in or
der to reach silver spectators.
Thomas discussed the amend
ments with Senator Key Pittman,
Democrat, Nevada. who introduce
ed the silver legislation in the sem
ate. Pittman promised to bring
them to the attention Of the White
House and the treasury to deter
mine the attitude Of the admins
tration. -,
! One administration leader said
the treasury was insistent upon
the profits tax section. The major
ity of the silver bloc oppose it.
J Efforts to raise this tax to sc
per cent failed in the house, a:
did attempts to eliminate the levy
The president indicated to the
silverites in. a conference twt
weeks ago that he wanted the sill
yer bill approved without debate
j CONTINUED on page four).
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
$1,000 WORKERS in u. S. NOW
ON STRIKE, SURVEY SHOWS;
QUIT MINES, SHOPS, MILLS

recognition of the Amalgamated
Association Of Iron, Steel and Tin
Workers.
Partial shipping paralysis ex-
tends from the levees of New Or
leans to the docks of San Fran
cisco in the strike of $4,000 long,
shoremen for higher wages ana
union recognition. Copper mines
in the west, carpenters in the
nations capital, and Brooklyn, N
Y, BARRIERS have ceased their Ia
bors for similar reasons.
MEDIAToRS SEEK SOLUTION
Labor department. medlators. OF
Washington wrangled with h1ty
Continued on page tour).
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
REGULATIONS
FOR FUTURE
TO Be STRICT
Swanson Approves Plans
for Large Naval Build
ing Program e
BANKRUPTCY BILL
TO BE SIGNED NEXT

WASHINGTON, June 6. (UPy
President Roosevelt today signed
the stock exchange control bill,
placing for the first time in his
tory, the nations securities mar
kets under strict federal supervi-
sion.
Signature for the bitterly con-
tested and much rewritten bill
followed final congressional action
by five days.
The measure contains ten ma
jor provisions designed to protect
not only the investor but the ma
tional credit from federal taxing
power. Five commissioners are
to be appointed to administer the
bill. Stockholders must register
and may not use the mails or in
terstate commerce without ap-
proval Of the commission. All ex-
changes are licensed with the APP
proval of the Federal Reserve
board. The regulation Of brokers
credit and margin requirements,
the outlawing Of fictitious trans
actions, the spreading of false in
formation, regulation Of the func-
tons of brokers and dealers, the
filing of complete information by
corporations, regular reports from
corporations of their affairs, col
lection of civil damages by in
jured persons, penalty Of $4,000
and prison sentences Of two years
by violators, and fines up to
$500, 900 for stock exchanges.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
Rotarians Talk
OF Membership
Rule Changes

The Rotary club today heard a
discussion on the matter of liber-
alizing the membership classified
ton of the organization, which
matter will be brought up at the
international convention in De-
troit.
Heard for the liberalization of
the classification were w. P. An
drews and DR.. w. o. Allen. Heard
against the matter were Hugh
Whisnant and j. T. Fain, Jr. The
hearing was conducted in the
matter of a trial and the jury
held in favor of the defendants
attorneys.
DR.. Percy Burnette and DR.:
Palmer were representatives OF
the Tryon club. Former State
Senator w. X. Mclean was a WIS.,
itor, as was Mr.. Callahan, Of Mi
ami. A visiting Rotarian was
Bowen Henderson, of Asheville.
Henry Mitchell and R. H. Station
were representatives Of the XII
wants club at the meeting.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
Rulings Wins
NOMINATION
Whitmire, Seeking Solici'
tor Nomination, Carried
Four of Six Counties

Although the official vote IN
all of the counties of the 18TH
judicial district had not been re-
ceived here today, it was appar-
ent that R. L. Whitmire OF Hen
jacksonville, had lost the Demo-
cratic nomination for solicitor OF
the district.
On the basis of some official
and some unofficial returns it
was apparent that Mr.. Whitmlre
had been defeated by approx
mately 1850 votes in the district
which polled more than $4,000
votes.
Whitmire carried four of
the six counties comprising the
district, but in Rutherford and
Mcdowell counties there were
heavy majorities against him, in
suring the nomination Of Mr..
Rulings. ,,,,.
In his home county Whitmlre
polled 2777 votes to 34S for Rid
dings. Mr.. Whitmire's vote in
this county was the largest re-
ceived by any candidate in the
primary. The official vote in
Pennsylvania was Whitmire 1910.
Rulings S53. In Yancey county
Mr.. Whitmire received a major
itv of about 200 votes, in Polk q
majority of about 600 votes. In
Mcdowell Mr.. Rulings received q
majority of about 1000 votes,
while in Rutherford, Rulings
home county, the local man was
given a majority of about 390O
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
RUSSIAN MISSIONARY
TO SPEAK TONIGHT

Rev. C. w. Anderson, Russian
missionary and former Siberian
prisoner, will be the guest speak
er at Grove Street Gospel church
this evening.
Rev. Anderson, who has been
touring the United States and has
spoken in various cities, spent
four days with DR.. Herbert Mac
kenzie at Erieside Conference and
knows the new Grove Street Cos
pei church pastor, Rev. Fred Mac
kenzie. -.
Tonight he will tell something
of the inside of the persecution
in Russia.
All interested are invited to at
tend and bring a friend.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
TRAMNIELL AND PEPPER TO
STAGE RUN OFF FOR FLORIDA
SENATORIAL NOMINATION

R.: A. Green threatened to run
over in the second district. Green
in 1876 precincts out of 206 had :
Q 575. Wallace Sturgis 4,S76;
lanes R. Kelly 3,676. 1t is nee
essary for Green to get a ma
iority of all the votes to avoid a
run-off.
Candidates unopposed for re-
nomination in yesterdays pri-
mary included: ...,
Congress-: Third district-Mil-
lard Caldwell; at large-W. J..
Sears, Jacksonville.
For state supreme court-Chief
Justice Fred H. Davis; Justice
Armstead Brown, --
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
NAzI PAY FOR
PROPAGANDA
DRIVE SHOWN
But Ambassador to u. S.
Denies Expenditures
for This Purpose

WASHINGTON, June 6. (UP)
German Ambassador Hans Luther
and German consulate officials IN
New York helped finance Nazi
propaganda in this country, ac-
cording to evidence placed before
a special house committee yester-
day at the opening of its investi-
CATION of Nazi activities.
Carl Dickey, of Carl Byoir and
Associates, New York publicity
firm, testified Otto KEEP, then
German consul general, paid him
$4,000 to distribute to newspa-
pers material designed to react
favorably to Germany, and de-
fend her anti-Semitic policy. Kiep
resigned some months ago and re-
turned to Germany.
Later he said, the firm entered
a $4,000 monthly contract with
the German Tour Information Of
flee to put out press matter con-
corning the "new Germany"
George S. Viereck, prominent
writer, received S1,750 and ex-
penses to prepare articles, which
were distributed to 5000 United
States dailies and weeklies, he
said.
Other evidence was revealed in
correspondence and direct testi-
mony of the Rev. Francis Gross,
of Perth Amboy, N. j., author of
pamphlet, Justice to Hungary,
which supported Nazi policies.
Gross, a native of Hungary, has
been an American citizen for 25
years.
In a Letter to John Bado, Hobo
ken, N. j., publisher who printed
the pamphlet, Gross said he had
documents establishing that AM
bassador Luther twas the spon-
sor. financial hacker and promoter
of nv books" He said disclosure
of the documents would cause a
sensation that might lead to Lu-
theirs recall.
The German embassy told the
United Press:
'It goes witout saying that the
ambassador does not indulge in
any propaganda. The embassy
would like to see the correspond
ence upon which the Rev. Gross
bases his allegations"
Friends of German officials in
terpreted the statement AS g Dip
lomatic denial that such CORE.
spendence existed.
Gross testified that when he
first wrote the embassy seeking
support for the pamphlet, he was
referred to the New York con-
sulate. He said Kiep told me
that DIR. Luther said the pamphlet
was a fine work"
Gross said Kiep explained that
officially the German government
was not spending any money for
propaganda, "but to come back
later in the dav after he had
talked to a friend who might wish
to put up some money" That af-
ternoon Kiep gave him six $50
bills from the "friend."
Gross said he later sold 100
copies of the pamphlet to the en-
bassv and received a private check
for $40. t.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
FRAUD IN. POLK
is ALLEGED
Ballots and Records in
Primary Seized; Large
Vote Was Cast

COLUMBUS, June 6.-Ballots
cast in Saturdays primary and
election records in Polk county
were seized by the Polk county
sheriff on Tuesday afternoon and
turned over to the clerk of the
superior court on temporary re-
straining order issued by Judge
T. B. Finley against the Polk
county election board and cleo
ton officials of two precincts.
The order was issued on appli-
cation of Douglas S. Blois, of
Tryon, and others, and the order
was served on S. ]. Feagan, chair.
man of the election board, and
upon officials of the Columbus
precinct and Shields precinct IN
Green's Creek township.
The application alleged that alb
sentee ballots had been used in a
fraudulent manner in the prl-
mary, pointing out that IN
Shields precinct s42 votes were
cast where normally the vote is
NOT more than 500 or 600 and
that in Columbus precinct 69l
votes were cast where normally
the vote is between $50 and 400.
The name of Mr.. Blois was the
only one appearing on the appll-
cation for the temporary order.
The order directed a hearing on
the matter before Judge Finley
at Marion on Monday, June IL.
AS a result of the order there
is no official tabulation of returns
in either the Democratic or ne
publican primary.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
(IR MAIL BILL
ready TO sign
enter Bitter Controversy
10 the Last, 1t Goes to
White House

WASHINGTON, June 6. (UP).
foroi!ed in bitter controversy
the last, the administrations
EpOrary air mail legislation fl
|ly was sent to the White
tlse Yesterday when the senate
FeDIed the conference report
the bill.
he bill authorizes President
EOSeyelt 10 set up an expert
omission to work out recon-
ERdatIonS to the next congress
unified national air policy
f vii. guide permanent legisla-
meanwhile il authorizes one
q contracts at rates to be de-
14hed oy the interstate COM
Eve commission. The airmail
sSly has been returned to
"a'e lines under three-month
.uacts that can be extended
SIX months more.
Nr mail postage is reduced to
tents T an ounce, effective July
lie present rate is eight
lines that lost contracts in the
I''eSaIe February cancellation
gwen permission to file
s;n IN the U. S. court or
'@ ,I losses.
H. Sii contracts will be denied
pac,,, uheS affiliated with manu-
M ihg concerns or involved
n TOIalng companies. Stricken
bat however, were provisions
] would have denied contracts
b. IIpanles that participated in
ttb attleged "spoilS conference"
Esk.. Ormer Postmaster General
IoStoss. NJ. Brown in 1880. The
'sfo,Io;lee department has been
urrs1.n such a provision in
No. awards of contracts.
spa,o STe ragged all day in the
IOr before the conference re-
iOt s'naiiy won approval with
jQIy record vote. 1t was the
iOGsa progress made in either
Az Low SC%ard cleaning up neces-
slsIation for adjournment
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
Carl Thompson
Leads For State
Senator, Is Said
Little Information as to
Districts Nominee for
Upper House

SHELBY, June 6.-On the ba-
sis of unofficial returns from the
Democratic primary on Saturday,
Carl Thompson was leading w. E.
White for the nomination for
state senate from the 9th sena-
torial district by only 95 votes.
The vote in Cleveland county
for the senator from that county
was: Thompson S,945; White B.
855.
The ballots in Polk county hav-
ing been impounded following
charges of fraud, the returns
from there are not available.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06

TALLAHASSEE, Fla, June g..
-(UP).-United States Senator
Park Trammell took the lead IN
a close race with Claude Pepper
Tallahassee, for the nomination
for senate.
Tabulations in yesterdays DEM
ocratic primary of 952 precincts
out of 1924 gave Trammell 64'-
SGT; Pepper 81 1904:
The two will enter a run-of
primary June 26.
Three of the states five con-
gressmen who had opposition are
leading their opponents, while
two of them have large MAORI
ties. e, A.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
stock EXCHANGE CONTROL BILL SIGNED
WINDSOR LAD
IS WINNER AT
EPSON DOWNS
Indian Potentate's Horse
Defeats Colombo, I'm
beaten Entry

EPSON DOWNS, Eng, June 6.
CUP).-Windsor Lad. owner by
the Maharajah of Rajpipla, Indian
potentate, triumphed in the 156th
running of the derby. Humbling
Lord Glanely's unbeaten wonder
horse. Colombo. and other smart
colts in a field of 10.
Windsor Lad equalled the der
by record of 2.34, set by Hype-
rion last year for one mile and
SS1 yards.
The king and queen were
among the 5000 persons witness
ing the race.
Lord Woolavington's entry was
second and Colombo third.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
2 FEDERAL, HIGHWAY
WORKERS ARE KILLED

KNOXVILLE, Tenn, June G.
(UP)-Two government highway
workers were crushed to death
when hundreds of tons of loose
rock catapulted from an Indian
Gap highway bluff near here late
yesterday.
The dead are Elmer Dunn, 40,
Knoxville, and Luther Bull, %,
Elkmont. E. j. Whaley, SEWER
vile, was injured slightly.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
(Copyright, 1884, United Press)

(Copyright, 1884, United Press)
NEW YORK, June 6.-(UP).
One American of every 31S nor
mally gainfully employed is on
actual strike or committed to walk
out of his place of employment in
the near future, a survey of labor
conditions in the nations indus
trial centers disclosed today.
To the tune of riot, bloodshed
and even death some $4,000
workers have deserted mines,
docks, factories and shops in re-
cent weeks. One hundred thou
sand steel workers threaten to de-
sert their FORCES, molds and blast
furnaces in protest against non
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
z TranIsylvanians
Ask New Ballot

BREVARD, June 6.-Second
primaries were asked for here
yesterday by two candidates who
lacked little of gaining the NOM
nations in the Democratic prl-
mary last Saturday. >,
Cos Paxton, runner-up to Ralph
Ramsey for the state senate NOM
ination, and Eek L. Sims, candi,
date for register of deeds, called
for the second primary against
high men in the race.
Jess A. Galloway was the high
man in the race for the nomina-
ton for register Of deeds.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
PLAN BOYCOTT ON
INDECENT PICTURES

CHICAGO. June 6.-CUP)-
George Cardinal Mundelein an
nounced that starting June 10, all
Chicago Catholics will join a ma
tional drive to boycott indecent
motion pictures. They will be ask
ed to stay away from films labeled
undesirable.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
SWANSON APPROVES
EXPANSION PROGRAM

WASHINGTON, June 8. (UP).
Secretary of the Navy Swanson
today took the first official step
to bring the United States navy
to full treaty strength by 1888,
approving plans for $90,0O0,00
ship construction program for this
wear.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
PETIT EXTRADITED
TO BUNCOMBE CO.

NASHVILLE, Tenn, June g.
(UP)-Extradition of Carl E.
Petit, to Buncombe county,
where he is wanted on charges Of
non-support of his wife, was
granted yesterday by Governor
Hill McAlister. He was arrested
at Brownsville. Tenn.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06

Some discussion has been &C.
casioned here by the publication
of the ordinance relative to
Sunday amusements in Hen
Jacksonville, which will be voted
on by the city voters on Satur-
day.
Due to the wording of the or
dinance some voters gained the
impression that if they were
opposed to Sunday moving pic
lures and baseball they should
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
HERE'S NEW WORD

NEW YORK. June 6.-UP)-
"Classifist. a pacifist who adores
class war" New word contributed
to the American language by an
editorial writer for the New York
Times Yesterday.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
Vote Against Ordinance Is Vote
Against Sunday Movies And Ball
Is Interpretation Of City Officials

vote for the ordinance.
The Interpretation Put on
the ordinance this morning by
city officials was as follows:
If a voter is opposed to Sum
day moving pictures and base
ball he should vote against the
ordinance.
If voter is in favor Of Sum
day moving pictures and base
ball he should vote for the crdi-
nance.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
AMERICAN is WINNER
OF Sl52,OOO IN RACE

NEW YORK, June 6.-(UP).
A ticket on Windsor Lad, winner
of the English derby, brought
"Alma Mamay" of Park Crescent
hotel, Riverside Drive, about
$4,000. The ticket cost $3.50
in the Irish hospital sweepstakes.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06

Pu1raGO. June 6.-CUP).-
t,;"nsl interests clashed sharp
ta5sy as members of the Re-
|Tra1 National committee for
Fs,s5 lsues on which the party
hin battle with the New
[ and sought a leader for the
b
threat of insurgency and a
@tbird party" unless a pro
[,iye westerner is given the
handing post of committee
Irnan, hurled into an execu-
4 session by a group of young
|,Onmitteemen, made the task
pleasing all elements doubly
fcglt.
kssgi,e the apparent menace to
k5ny however, a candidate OF
EASTERN "Old Guard" seemed
koWa an inside track as the COM
ssesn resumed discussions
liz 5y adjournment last night
b., ballot.
was Henry P. Fletcher OF
kasyyania, former ambassador
|l:aly.
4 possible compromise eastern
tnee was Walter s. Hallaman,
Is Virginia national commit
han. He. however, was vlgor-
! Is opposed by 0gen Mills, for
! secretary of the treasury, and
liter Brown. former national
lirnan and postmaster general,
} sponsored Fletcher.
Led BY George F. Getz, nation
treasurer, the western group
lgh. for almost any young,
UrOuS weSterner."
Most often mentioned was John
". Hamilton, fighting, red
lied national committeeman
N Kansas, and Harrison L.
lngler. Iowa committeeman.
While the quest for a leader
a subcommittee head
By Charles D. Hilles, veteran
v York eommitteeman, was
fling 4 new statement of party
NcipleS for use in the autumn
igeSSiOnal campaign.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
BANKRUPTCY BILL
TO SOON BE SIGNED

WASHINGTON, June 6. (UP)
President Roosevelt will sign the
corporate bankruptcy bill at noon
tomorrow, the White House an.
nounced today.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
FIRD PARTY
treat LOOMS
/ COP. MEET
ktonal Interests Clash
l, Committee Seeks
n Name Chairman
hi GUARD CLINGS
I'M POWER in PARTY
BULLETIN

BULLE I'm
curcACO, June 6.-(UP)-
in M.rSery, national commit
w., Of Scranton, Pa, today
/. telegram to Henry p.
H.. Creeneastle, Pa, advis-
~, he is the choice for chair
i s the Republican party. Bal
4 vas then unfinished. how
r. choice seemed certain. 1t
,official.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
WEATHER

,.brs showers tonight and
Prof. yv. little change in tenn
y.ra'ufe'
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1934-06-06
GOOD AFTERNOON :

The intsfnational debts should
not be cancelled; neither should
they be peid. How else are We
to be reminded there once was .
war;