davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1934-12-16
Racketeers in Poland
Victimize State Bank

WARSAW. Poland.-A large bank.
particularly a government bank, is
not likely to "buy a cat in the bag"
but the Bank of Poland buys bags
used by its depositors for carrying
currency, and on such small transac-
tons 1t Is reported to have lost re-
Gently an unnamed amount of money.
The bank issues canvas sacks to
its patrons, for which it charges them
go grosze each. Five grosSe are
worth approximately cent. When
the bags are returned new ones are
given out or the charge Is refunded.
For several weeks tellers at the
bank noticed that regularly every day
two or three bags were returned and
the refund collected. An investiga-
ton revealed q petty racket without
parallel in reports for shady deals.
It seems that the worn or torn sacks
exchanged came from the same
source, which Warsaw newspaper
estimated at 100000 pieces.
The actual price Of the bag Is said
to be 20 grosZe each. The ingenious
customer or customers is believed to
have bought them at this price in
wholesale lots and then applied a
homemade wear and tear process Of
them until they were useless, particu-
larly for carrying coins.
In this condition the sacks were
brought to the bank one at q time,
for which the full refund was COL
lected. This racket cleared 40 grosze
on sack, or 200 per cent, If one
does not consider the work which
went into wasting the sacks.
(Copyyight. la34l .
Evening star., 1934-12-16

States has an intelligence net
or spy system, with more than
l. thousand efficient webs in
this country and as many far
flung foreign lines as any other ma
ton, may surprise some of our citi-
zens and prove a shock to enemies
abroad.
Intelligence nets are divided In two
groups, foreign and domestic. The
former operates abroad to discover
what other nations are planning and
doing, the other is a home counter
espionage force spying upon enemy
spies within our borders. circumventing
their designs and exposing them when
ever possible.
The intelligence service is a world
wide international game in which
society ladies and gentlemen in eve
ming dress participate no less than
workers in shipyards, commercial
agents, missionaries, educators and
pleasure globe trotters. Pro-
fessional spies trained in schools of
intrigue with a command of six or
seven languages, bland mobile coun-
tenance that betrays no fear, no emo
ton, resourcefulness in moments of
danger, are the most adept.
Military plans, advance copies OF
proposed international treaties, copies
Of a country's secret code, inventions
Of new arms or armament, designs OF
new naval ships are all objects much
sought after by workers. in the spy
game. The reward in many instances
is the knowledge Of having served ones
country. Orientals are more fanat.
ically patriotic than are people of the
Occident, and they hesitate at no
dangerous enterprise If they know II
is in the interest of their nation. Fol
them to die in the cause is glorif1ca-
ton. When caught, death by drug
prevents unintentioned revelations as
the result of third degree torture
There is a very recent instance of this
in the suicide of one Of a group OF
Japanese seized by the British under
suspicion of spying upon the new for
tifications being erected at Singapore
He evaporated from the scene through
the secret drug route and thus bafaed
his captors.
Sometimes the opportunity is not
given the spy to resort to the drug
method, as in the case Of the recent
arrest Of a Japanese In California,
suspected Of having confidential docu-
ments containing maps and descrtp-
Evening star., 1934-12-16
SPY NET PROTECTS u. S.
. In ALL PARTS OF WORLD
Globe Trotters, Society Folks, Workers
Who Talk Many Languages and Brave
Any Perils Keep Nation Informed.

tions Of important Army and Navy
and Marine bases, including the naval
training station, Fort Rosecrans. Har-
Dor Channel and part of North Island.
Here the bland Oriental inscrutable
countenance is relied upon to baf1e
police investigators.
Information does not always come
through the channels of paid spies.
When a group Of German manufac-
turers constructed a munitions fac
tory in Japan a few years ago,
financed by Reichsbank credit, COM
plete information as to the powder
works capacity was passed on to the
German government. Later German
engineers impaired the same informa-
ton to an American teacher of Eng
lish, who promptly gave a report to the
nearest American military attache.
In another country an American
learned that the Soviet government
was storing huge quantities of arms
and munitions of VladivoStok in
preparation for war against Japan.
He, too, communicated his informa-
ton to an American embassy. In
both instances the Americans had
acted as part Of our foreign in
telligence net.
In this country webs forming the
intelligence net are plentifully dis
tributed along the Atlantic seaboard.
the coast of Florida, the States bor-
dering the Gulf of Mexico and the
boundaries of the Great Lakes, but
up to the present the Pacific Coast
has only a thinly dotted line running
from San Diego, Calf, northward
into Alaska. These webs comprise
Coast Guard stations, light house dis
stricts and commercial airlines carry
ing the mail.
California Coast Stations.
California has but seven Coast
Guard stations, located as follows:
Golden Gate, San Francisco; Preside,
San Francisco; Fort Barry, Bolinas,
Point Reyes, Point Arena and Eureka.
In the thirteenth district, with head
quarters at Seattle, there are but IS
stations covering the coasts Of Oregon
and Washington, and Nome, Alaska.
And for the entire Pacific Coast the
intelligence net has only II airline
stations-San Diego, Los Angeles,
Bakersfield, Fresno, San Francisco,
Oakland, Sacramento, Medford. Port
land, Tacoma and Seattle.
Uncle Sam is well intrenched IN the
(Continued On Seventh Page.)
Evening star., 1934-12-16

w YHEN Senator George w.
n Norris Of Nebraska, IL
wv years ago, began advocat-
ing State Legislature Of
one house instead of the
traditional Senate and House Of Rep
resentatives, legislators and political
economists said it was just another
rash reform idea that could never up
set the constitutional way of doing
things in every State of the Union.
But when that vigorous 75-year-
old gray-maned lion Of Nebraska got
out in crusading campaign before
the last November election and awak-
ened his amazing personal following
to enthusiastic support of a constitu-
tional amendment establishing uni
cameral," or one-house, Legislature in
that State and put it over by a big
majority, that was something else
again.
The incoming Legislature in Ne
braska will be the last two-house As
sembly to convene. The Legislature
elected in 1886 will comprise one
house, small in number, elected on a
non-partisan basis, with an adequate
salary and responsibility that can
not be avoided by the usual legislative
buck passing from SENATE to House
and back ngain.
How win It works wfIl it make
good, as Norris earnestly predicts 1t
will? Will it pass a lot Of hasty and
ill-advised legislation, with none Of
the checks and balances" which the
two-house system provides, as its op-
ponents loudly proclaim?
Watched BY Other States.
The Nebraska experiment" will be
watched by the eyes of the entire
Nation. The Legislatures Of A States
are to assemble in 1885, and 40 Of
these will convene next month. There
can be no denying that the action Of
the people of Nebraska has caused
some serious thinking-and consider
able anxiety-among the legislators
of the country. A poll taken recently
by the American Legislators Associa-
ton shows about rs per cent Of the
present members of State Legislatures
opposed to the one-house plan.
Most States will be content to await
the outcome in Nebraska, weigh the
results and avoid any mistakes that
might be apparent. But already a
number of legislative leaders in vari-
GUS States have announced that they
will follow Nebraska's example. at
least to the extent of allowing their
people to vote on the unicameral plan.
Already strong movements have swung
under way among political science
teachers, leagues of woman votes and
other public-spirited groups to bring
their States next into line with Ne
braska in this startling innovation Of
legislative procedure.
Norris Rolls in Votes.
One thing is certain. Out in Ne
braska they give full credit for pass
age of the amendment to its author
and sponsor, Senator Norris. No mis-
take about who did it. He left WASH
ington five weeks before the election
and took the stump at almost every
crossroad in the State with a vigor
and zest that astonished his closest
friends and rolled in the votes. Re-
peatedly to crowds of thoughtful lis
teners his voice doomed out these
words:
"This is in accord with the honest
opinion of students of government
everywhere. It cannot be assailed
successfully from any honest view
point. Why should o State have q
legislature composed Of two bodies
with the same qualifications and ex-
actly the same jurisdiction? The
principle of two branches Of a legis-
Evening star., 1934-12-16

lature Is not applied to any other
Government or economic activity"
There was genuine opposition, Of
course. Practically the entire men,
bership Of the Legislature was solidly
and outspokenly against the plan.
the Democratic World Herald Of
Omaha and the Republican State
Journal of Lincoln led an almost
united newspaper fight on the amend
ment. Not a candidate for State or
national Office openly advocated the
passage of the plan. Democratic
Evening star., 1934-12-16

Representative Edward r. Burke,
making his successful race for the
United States Senate, remained neu-
tral publicly, but will tell you he op-
poses the plan privately.
Its non-partisan feature will tend
to break down party responsibility
he asserts. 1.-TWO houses are needed
to act as checks upon hasty legisla-
ton ip any law-making body
Both the Republican and the DEM
ocratic conventions before the elec-
ton planned to pass planks con-
Evening star., 1934-12-16

w YHEN Senator George W.
M Norris Of Nebraska, IL
wv years ago, began advocat-
' ' ing State Legislature OF
Evening star., 1934-12-16
BY HERBERT F. L. ALLEN,

revelation that the United
States has an intelligence net
or spy system, with more than
l. a thousand efficient webs in
Evening star., 1934-05-22

By the Associated Press.
Following is the text of Hugh S.
Johnson's reply to a supplementary
statement issued yesterday by the
Darrow review board:
Il have little comment to make on
Clarence Darrov's statement. He Is
grand old man who has long had my
admiration and affection. But 90
have to answer his questions.
He asks if it is true that monopo-
listic practices exist under the specl-
fed codes?
IF they do his report does not
specify what or where they are. IL
simply finds generalities. 1t could
haze said all that without any hear
ings at all The report is simply
dogma.
"Perhaps there are some monopolis-
tic abuses of the codes. If so, we want
tn know them. but there are not mo-
nonolistic codes. 1 collaborated in
forming this board because I thought
thew would point out specific evils that
W. could correct. Mr.. Darrow assured
me that this was exactly his IDEA.
"Camp Followers Made Trouble"
eff we had had only Clarence Dar-
row and the original board to deal
with. we would have seen some real
constructive action. 1t was the camp
followers who came in later that made
the trouble.
"He also asks whether small enter
prises are oppressed?
"As I have frequently said, some
people who want to make profltS py
having less than subsistence wages, or
to live off the labor of children have
suffered some loss of ancient extor-
tionate privilege. That loss accounts
for something like 80 per cent OF the
complaint of oppression OF small en-
terprise' which fills the air with TINS
political propaganda.
81 think the law intended to secure
subsistence wages. think the Amerl-
can people want that. II such is not
the intent, let's change the law, but
let's not blame N. r. A. for carrying
out a congressional mandate.
Beyond this (Which the board doeS
not mention) the truth about oppres-
sion of the little fellow is all the other
| way. The bituminous coal code not
only saved thousands of small person
ally-owned mines, but 1t actually
brought moM thousands of them back
into operation. The lumber code and
Evening star., 1934-05-22
D. c. JEWRY URGED
TO SAVE CAMPAIGN
Appeal Issued as Final Rally of
$4,000 Drive for Relief
Nears.

With the final drive rally called
for tomorrow night, leaders in the
United Jewish Appeal today asked
the Jewish population of Washing
ton TO save the S35.000 drive from
failure. At the last drive meeting
week ago only $4,000 had been
collected.
In his appeal to Washington Jewry,
Isidore Hershfield. drive co-chairman
quoted from a message of Senator
William E. Borah to the heads OF
the United Jewish Appeal. In his
letter Senator Borah wrote:
Il need not tell you how deeply
I am interested in your effort to Sc
cure an adequate fund for the Jews
in Germany. Every one should be
willing to assist in this humanitarian
enterprise. After we have done the
very best possible for these suffer
ing people We will still leave them
in most unhappy and unfortunate
situation.
The barbarous cruelty TO which
they have been subjected can only
be assuaged in part, but that part
we ought all unhesitatingly to per-
form"
Drive workers will bring their final
reports to the meeting tomorrow
night at the Jewish Community Gen.
ter
Evening star., 1934-05-22
BRITTEN DEMANDS
CONGRESS QUIZ ON
ABOLISHING N. R. A
Continued From First Page.)

johnson. 1T is cold, hard fact and
to the extent that this board pervertS
that fact or ignores it entirely-it
ISLANDERS N. r. A. when it talks about
monopolistic practices hurting the
little fellow under the codes"
johnson said there are cases-"a
fraction of l per cent of all employers
affected"-in which legitimate busi-
ness of little fellows" has been hurt
by code provisions; that these the
Review Board should have. and did
intend originally, to find and report
on, so that we would move promptly
under our authority from the Presi-
dent to relieve them in the shortest
way possible.
But not one such case was sent to
N. R. A., said the administrator. and
not one was specified in the report.
Instead, he said it turned in con-
jectural opinion and concluded that
the only hope of the country is the
socialism of Karl Marx and Soviet
Russia
That may be right. but 1 am here
sworn to execute a Constitution and
a specific statute of the United States,
and l shall continue to try to do
that" Fresh criticism at N. r. A.
was the order of the day in the SEN
atorial opposition sector.
The man who had most to do with
the creation of the Darrow Review
Board-Senator Gerald P. Nye, North
Dakota's Republican independent
gave the order and announced he
was ready to lead the charge.
Confers With Darrow.
Nye conferred at length last night
with Darrow. apparently seeking to
store up ammunition. After the par
ley. Darrow said he thought his
boards report had borne out Nyes
contentious of monopolistic abuses -
The other Republican Independent
critic of N. R. A.-Senator Borah Of
Idaho-wanted a little more time to
study the Darrow report of N. r. As
effect on small business before re-
suming his campaign, on his own
findings, to restore operation of the
antitrust laws.
Nye had served notice he would
take the Senate floor at the first op-
portunity to say in more detail what
he thought of the Review Boards
findings.
In an informal and hurried state
ment yesterday, he said the report
bore out his claim that many of the
codes were harmful to the little fell
low" irving to buck big business"
and make a living.
Evening star., 1934-05-22
Text of Johnson Reply
admits There May Be Some Monopolies Under
Codes, and Wants TO Know Them, But Denies
That They Are MonopoGstic in Purpose.

all the textile codes saved hundreds
of small mills. The retail code in
terfered Just in time to prevent great
chains from gobbling up what was
left, under the antitrust acts Of the
little retail stores. The rubber tire
code arrested a wholesale slaughter
of tens of thousands of tire dealers.
"It is monopolistic cutthroat price
cutting that destroys the little fellow
and not provisions such as are in
the codes against selling below cost.
The effect of nearly all the codes is
to stop and turn back the slaughter
of the little fellow that has been
going on under the antitrust acts for
the past 16 years.
Charges ISLANDER n. r. A.
This is not just argument. 1t is
cold, hard fact and to the extent that
this board perverts that fact or ignores
it entirely-it ISLANDERS N. r. A. when
it talks about monopolistic practices
hurting the little fellow under the
codes.
There are few cases-a fraction
of l per cent of all employers affected
where the legitimate business OF a
little fellow has been hurt by code
provisions. For them I hoped the
Review Board would provide forum
and, in my early discussions with
Mr.. Darrow, we agreed on this.
NV hope was that he would dis
cover them and then that we would
move promptly under our authority
from the President to relieve them In
the shortest way possible. The board
has not sent us a single legitimate
case of this kind. and not one Is
specified in the report.
I'm short, the question is-'are
there monopolistic practices and op-
pressions of the little fellow under the
codes, and If so, where? That Is
what we wanted to know-that Is
what we wanted the Review Board
to tell us-that is precisely what it
has not done-all it has done is to
render a conjectural opinion on in
sufficient and improper evidence, to
emit a sociological essay, and to con-
clude that the only hope of the coun-
try is the socialism of Karl Marx and
Soviet Russia.
THAT may be right. but I am here
sworn to execute Constitution and
specific, ,Satute Of the United States
and I shall continue to try 10 DO
that"
Evening star., 1934-05-22

than TO- Mr.. kaufman boasts that
he knows, personally, the hundreds
of regular customers who patronize
his place Of business. He is on the
floor al all times TO see that every
one who comes in is satisfied"
Mr.. kaufman obtained the posi-
ton as clerk with B. Rich g. Sons.
shoe merchants. After a number of
years he bought them out and they
established place further downtown.
AT first, he specialized as a haber-
dasher. and later opened a depart
ment store.
AS the years passed and business
grew, Mr.. kaufman acquired the
name of Honest Harry" and it is by
this name that he is known to
friends TO-DAY.
Always active in community char
ity and civic affairs, the merchant
was made an honor member of the
Community Chest. Not long ago his
Masonic Lodge, St. Johns, made him
a life member.
Evening star., 1934-05-22
ROOsevelt's Silver Message
Recommends Legislation to Increase Anonnt to
Maintain One.Fonrth Value in Silver and
Three-F ourfl,s in Gold.

large group of nations, is neces-
sary If a permanent measure of
value, including both gold and
silver. is eventually to be made a
world standard. To arrive at
that point, we must seek every
possibility for world agreement.
although it may turn out that
this Nation will ultimately have TO
take such independent action on
this phase Of the matter as its
interests require.
The success of the London Con-
ference in consummating an in
ternational agreement on silver,
which has now been ratified by
all the governments concerned,
makes such further agieement
worth seeking. The ebb and flow
of values In almost all parts of
the world have created many
points Of pressure for readjust-
ments of internal and interna-
tional standards. At no time since
the efforts of this Nation to Sc
cure international agreement on
silver began in 1878 have condi-
tions been more favorable for
making progress along this line.
Accordingly, I have begun to
confer with some of our neigh
bors in regard to the use Of both
silver and gold. preferably On a
co-ordinated basis. as a standard
of monetary value. Such an
agreement would constitute an
important step forward toward a
monetary unit OF value more
equitable and stable in its pur-
chasing and debt paying power.
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT.
The White House,
May %, 1884.
Evening star., 1934-05-22
GARDENS OPENED
TO BENEFIT HOME
Annual Georgetown Pilgrim.
age Begins Tomorrow.
Continues Saturday.

twenty-five of the city's most beau
tiful gardens will be thrown open
for the annual Georgetown garden
pilgrimage tomorrow and Saturday for
the benefit of the Georgetown Chill
dren's Home at 1898 N street. The
pilgrimages will be in progress both
days from to 7 pm, and tea will
be served from to 6 o'clock, it was
announced.
The Pilgrimage Committee consists
of Mrs. Worth B. Daniels, chairman;
assisted by Mrs. E. Lester Jones, Mrs
E. Hubert Posters, Miss Katharine
Dougal Miss Frances Sortwell. Mrs
Robert w. Woolley and Mrs. Herbert
Feis
Tickets can be secured at the May
flower Hotel, the American Automo-
bile Association, or at any garden
gate where the green and white flag
indicates the garden is on display.
The gardens to be open for the pill
grimage follow:
Tomorrow-Mrs. Herman Hollerith
1888 Twenty-ninth street; Mrs. Ernest
I. Lewis, 3O99 Q street: Mrs. Robert
Woods Bliss, Lumbarton Oaks, 310l
r street; Mrs. Charles Warden, 3214
S street; Mrs. Edmund Talcott, 1929
R street: Alexander Kirk. 1908 r
street center on Thirty-fourth streeD
Miss Catherine Weaver, 2101 Wis
consin avenue; Mrs. Anne Archbold
1904 Reservoir road; Bernard Lane
1927 Conduit road; Mrs. Charles P
Grimes, 1881 o street; Miss Rose
Greely, 3131 o street: Mrs. Adlai Ste
venson, 14O3 Thirtieth street center
on o street,.
Saturday - Mrs Frank S. Bright
2723 Q street; Mrs. F. Lamont Belin
Emermay, 1923 Twenty-eighth street;
Miss Lucy Bentley, 1918 P street; Miss
Katharine Dougal. 5000 P street; Miss
Belle Sherwin, 1871 Thirty-f1rst street
center 1875 Thirty-first street,.
Mrs. Alfred H. Granger, 1924 @
street; Miss LOCKER and Miss Hedges
1912 Thirtieth street; Mrs. Ruth
Hanna Simms, 1924 Thirtieth street;
Mrs. Lincoln Green. 3025 N street;
Mrs. William Mccain, 1887 N street;
Miss Frances Sortwell. 341o Volta
place: Alexander Kirk, 1903 r street
and Col. Goodwin Ordway, ITO Thir-
ty-fifth street.
Evening star., 1934-05-22
VALLEY DIRECTORS
| HIT |ND|V|DUAL|SM
Chairman Morgan Says Re-
sources Stripped From
Many Sections.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
A summary of the Tennessee Valley
Authoritys experiment in planned re-
gional economy was accompanied last
night by a broadside by Arthur E
Morgan, authority chairman, at rug
ged individualism."
1t was the business of the authority,
Morgan said. to pick up the wreck
age Of rugged individualism' and to
try to create a wholesome and stable
economy"
The chairman and the other author
ity directors. DR.. H. A Morgan and
David E. Lilienthal, spoke over radio
network.
DR.. H. A. Morgan, in charge of the
authority plant foods experiments. re-
! viewed the work in progress looking
toward the production of cheap fer
tilizer. He said 200 men now were
employed at Muscle Shoals in prepa-
rations to produce plant foods. and
that 400 additional men probably
would be put to work soon.
Chairman Morgan declared:
Too often rugged individualism
has stripped region of its natural
resources. for the sake of quick prof
its, somewhat as an army of Chinese
bandits loots city, and has de-
| parted. with no thought or provision
for the future Of the workers who
were employed.
The fortunes made in gas, oil
coal and timber are invested else
, where, while the workers are left in
dead towns, in poverty, hopelessnesS
ana despair"
Lilienthal, the authority power di-
rector, said the full benefits of cleo
tricity now were enjoyed only by a
| few and described the authority ef-
forts through low-cost power and
electrical appliances to surmount the
barriers "in the way of wider enjoy
nent of the benefits of electricity.