Evening star., 1934-12-31
TRACE OF ESK|M0S
DISCOVERED IN j. S.
Pennsylvania Invaded by
Peoples From North,
Scientist Shows.
BY THOMAS Z. HENRY,

Of the District
Evidences of a prehistoric invasion
Of Eskimo-like people which reached
as far south as Pennsylvania were
presented today by DR.. William A.
Ritchie Of the Rochester Municipal
Museum to the American Association
for the Advancement of Science. They
swept southwark after peculiar
broad-headed people, whose original
homeland appears to have been in the
general Chesapeake Bay region, had
pressed northward and displaced
very primitive, long headed race who
appear to have been the original in
habitants of New York and New Eng
land.
The earliest remains thus far found
in the Northeast are of these long
heads, DR.. Ritchie said. They evi-
IDENTIFY were familiar with pottery or
the use of tobacco and appear to have
been a nomad, hunting people. Their
chief remains have been found in the
deep debris of New York lake bottom
Supplanted by Advanced Group.
They were supplanted by people
who may have developed a rather ad-
vanced aboriginal culture somewhere
in the neighborhood of Washington.
They were much further advanced in
their primitive culture, familiar with
tobacco and pottery, and apparently
established more or less permanent
settlements. They remained in pos
session of the Northeast until the still
further advanced Eskimo-like people
swept down from the North through
the St. Lawrence Valley and Ontario
Whether these people were actually
Eskimos from the Far North or rela-
tives Of the Arctic people who have
since disappeared is unknown. Objects
of walrus ivory and typically Eskimo
ground-slate arrow points and knives
have been found in the ST. Lawrence
Valley along the supposed route of
their descent.
They in turn were succeeded by the
ancestors Of the Algonquin peoples
found along the coasts of the North
eastern States by the first white set
tiers. These Algonquins apparently
had been pushed East by the invasion
Of the Iroquois tribes from the Ohio
Valley.
The great drought that turned large
areas Of the Midwest into temporary
desert was predicted Is years ago and
was due to the downward swing of the
rainfall cycle, according to a report
presented by J. B. Kincer, chief of the
division of climatology of the Weather
Bureau
Area Hit Twice Before.
Twice before since climatic records
have been available, Mr.. Kincer said,
approximately the same area has been
hit by a severe drought-once in 1850
and again in the early COS. These
made little difference because the land
was unsettled and uncultivated, but
should have been recognized as evi-
dence Of what was to come in the
future. The ups and downs Of the
rainfall curves, Mr. Kincer said, can
not be predicted, but it is certain that
dry period is bound sooner or later
to follow moist period and, there is
nothing that man can do about it.
The phenomenon of alternating
peaks Of drought and moisture, he
said, is worldwide, and study of the
climate of Warsaw, Poland, shows
about the same history as that of ST.
Paul, although the effects did not
come at the same time
Along the same line w. r. Chapline
Of the Washington office of the Forest
Service told Of an extensive erosion
stream now research just inaugurated
by the Department Of Agriculture to
measure the run-off ratios between
bare and vegetation-covered slopes.
In some cases, he pointed out, erosion
on hillsides from which the forests
have been cut has amounted to 1000
times that on similar slopes covered
with trees.
New Method Aids Forecasts.
Weather forecasts-especially as re-
CARDS raintall-will be improved con-
siderably and 1t may be possible to
make them further in advance
through the air mass analysis method
now made possible by airplane obser-
vations Of the upper atmosphere
taken simultaneously over the coun-
try, according to report by Dr.. Will
lis r. Gregg, chief of the Weather
Bureau.
Experiments indicating that coffee
acts as an antidote for nicotine we're
described by DR.. A. L. Windsor of Cor
nell University. The subjects of the
experiment first smoked a cigarette,
inhaling the smoke, for three minutes.
1t was found that there was unsteadi-
ness in more or less failure of eye and
hand coordination which lasted as
long as IS minutes. The same SUBJ
jects drank pint Of coffee at another
time and showed very much slighter
effects. Then they were made to drink
the coffee before smoking the cigar
cites. The effects found previously
for the cigarettes alone were almost
entirely lacking.
The capacity of automobile drivers
to Judge distance falls off rapidly
once the vision falls below 70 per cent
Of normal, it was reported by DR.
Alvah r. Laurer of Iowa State College
The deficiency need be only in one
eye to greatly interfere with efficiency
as a driver, he found.
Girls More Truthful.
Girls are much more truthful than
their brothers.
This finding, based on tests of 5000
public and private school children
from the third grade through the
fourth year in college, was reported
yesterday by DR.. Byrne j. Horton
professor Of education at De Paul
University, Chicago. The students
were presented with a problematical
situation which permitted truthful
nntr1lthflI1 Or eva ciVa ansWprc and the
reactions were noted.
DR.. Horton found, specifically, that
girls in general are more truthful thar
boys and that this tends to increase
with age. Thus the boys in elemen-
tary schools were trifie more truth
full, but their sisters gained the ad.
vantage in high school and college.