Evening star., 1934-04-14

1899 by Mr.. Pierson Of New York
City in a little store on Fulton street.
The f1rst envelope machine patent
was granted January 23, 1s49. to J. X.
Park and c. 8. Watson Of New York
The first practical envelope folding
machine that was successful CONNER
cially was patented January 81, 1883,
by DIR. Russell l.. Harris of Worcester.
Mass. Window envelopes were de-
vised by Thomas Callahan, patented
June 10, 1902.
G. What is the oath taken BY the
athletes competing In the modern
Olympic gsmes?-F. r.
A. We swear that we will take
part in the Olympic games IN loyal
competition. respecting the regulations
which govern them and desirous of
participating in them in the true
spirit OF sportsmsnship for the honor
Of our country and for the glory Of
sport"
@. Why Is bottle of champagne
broken on the prov Of a new ship?-
w. C. G.
A. Champagne is probably chosen
because it is a rare wine, light IN
color and effervescent The custom
OF breaking q bottle of wine on the
Prov OF a ship when 1t is launched is
relic of the ancient libation which
was practiced when ships were
launched. The sncients consecrated
the ship TO the god whose image she
bore. The action Of blessing ships is
alluded TO by the Monks of st. DenyS.
In July. 1418, the Bishop OF Bangor
was sent TO Southampton to bless the
voyages. In this country, water or
some other liquid usually took the
place Of wine during prohibition.
@. What colors were used in the
uniforms of the HeSsians in the
Revolutionary War?-C. w. L.
A. There were numerous regiments
OF Hessians in the British Army in
the Revolutionary War, their uni
forms differing in certain respects.
The privates of the Hesse-CaSsel
regiments wore white trousers, q blue
coat faced with red. Some had yellow
Yager Corps wore either a green uni
form, coat faced with rec, or white
trousers and a green coat faced with
red.
@. Who first looked upon criminol-
ogy as a separate and definite line OF
research?-D. r. S.
A. Cessre Lombroso, famous Grim
inologist Of the late nineteenth cen
tury, founded criminology as an inde-
pendent subject of research. The
study Of crime is conditioned by the
difficulty in gathering significant sta
tistics, the changing concepts of crime
and by the fact that each country de-
cides for itself of what crime consists
Social, environmental and individual
influences are very complex, and Grim
Inologists do not consider their results
conclusive.
@. When was it first demonstrated
that telephone conversations could
take place between homes in New
York and London?-H. H.
A. Home -to-home conversations took
place with success between London
and New York for the first time on
March Is. 1926. The service between
New York and London was open to
the public on January Z, 1927.
O. What is a free city?-G. M. c.
A. The term free city originally
meant a trading city which was not
under the jurisdiction of the state in
which it was geographically located.
In the twentieth century the term has
been applied to cities, generally ports.
which, together with their surround
ing territory, have been made into in.
ternational areas for the sake OF cre-
ating a buffer state for some reason
of international politics.
@. What Is the present relation be-
tween farm prices and freight rates
on farm produce?-T. H.
A. An average of farm prices Is 20
per cent below what 1t was in 1919
while an average Of freight rates on
farm produce is 40 per cent above
1918.