Evening star., 1934-01-20
JUSTICE DECLARED
PREREQU|S|TEFOR
I. UNIVERSAL PEACE
F. Ernest Johnson Tells Con.
ference Socio. Economic
= Changes Necessary. N
SPEAKER OUTLINES FOUR
METHODS TO ATTACK WAR
Collapse of Peace Spirit Blamed on
Peoples Lack of Peace
Consciousness.

Justice among men is a prerequisite
OF peace among nations, F. Ernest
johnson, education secretary Of the
Federal Council Of Churches, told the
closing session of the ninth annual
Conference on the Cause and Cure of
War.
I'VE shall never have peace among
the nations until we remold our socio-
economic structure in such a way as
to enthrone this principle: That every
human being shall have the oppor-
tunity to reach the limit of what it Is
In him to be, unhampered by man-made
restrictions upon his life," johnson
declared.
Four Methods of Attack.
The speaker said that broadly speak
ing there are four methods of attack
ing war:
81. Political-the method of build
ing up and operating the machinery Of
peace, including disarmament agree
ments.
80. Ethical-the method Of collec-
tive and reciprocal Remuneration
outlawry Of war.
"3. Culture-the method Of curing
animosities and conflicts by contact
and physical achievement.
a. Socio-economic-the method of
altering the social framework in which
the nations live their common life, in
order to remove the grounds of antago-
nism and destructive rivalry"
Methods Are Criticized.
johnson expressed the opinion. how
ever, that the movement against war
has suffered immeasurably by diSpro-
portionate emphasis on some one factor
to the neglect of the others"
1T Is when the basic social and
economic Stucture of modern life Is
examined that We come closest to the
roots of war" johnson said. II do not
disparage the other methods, for they
are important, they are essential. But
when I contemplate the literature Of
the peace movement with its very great
preoccupation with the parliamentary
structure and the diplomacy OF peace, I
recall the Scriptural admonition, These
We ought to have done and not leave
the other undone.'
Pointing to the rapid growth Of ma
tionalism, johnson asserted many who
deplore it are disposed to accept it as
unavoidable. He said the explanation
is not far to seek, that 1nduStr1al1ze0
nations are suffering from an economic
diSease-"Chronic imbalanCe between
production and consumption" or faulty
distribution of purchasing power.
Lack Peace Consciousness.
"a more just economic order would
have avoided the crisis and made un-
necessary and irrelevant those policies
that bring us into antagonism with our
foreign neighbors," johnson observed.
The collapse Of the peace spirit
through the world was blamed on lack
of peace consciousness on the part of
the people by Alden G. Alley Of the
National Council for the Prevention Of
War and Frank H. Simonds, newspaper
writer According to Alley, vital inter-
ests of nations should lead them to do
in their relations with one another
what each Of them has done within its
own frontiers-end anarchy and estab-
lish law" He said the League of Ma
tions however weak, was and still is the
first step toward an international body.
Simonds said the League never had
been used properly because, while no
people wants war, none has any effective
desire for peace, and by effective desire
for peace I mean any readiness to pay
in terms Of curtailment Of national SOW
ereignty and abridgment Of national
policies for the only conceivable form Of
international insurance against another
war"