Evening star., 1934-10-28

The new colo WedCn6T duIO
2OW, introduced last Winter will
this Winter, it was announced by
Division of the Society OF Automc
The lubricants division is composed
of fabrication experts of the automo-
bile manufacturing companies and
engineers of many of the leading oil
companies, who have been cooper
ating in fabrication studies for many
years.
Success Last Winter.
The committee announced that the
decision to continue the new low and
POW classiflcatiors is based upon the
wide success of the new oils last Win
ter in the crankcases of thousands OF
cars throughout the cold belt OF North
America.
Manufacturers reported to the COM
mittee that they had fewer complaints
of starting troubles in both new and
old cars from owners. Oil companies
reported that they, too, had fewer
complaints.
The new oils were sponsored for
public trial by the lubricant division
last year after long research had con-
vinced the experts of both the auto
mobile companies and the oil COM
panies that most of the starting
troubles of motorists were due to the
simple fact that they had been using
oils that got so thick in cold weather
that the starters could not spin the
engines fast enough to introduce
combustible charge into the cylinders
and permit the engine to continue
operation during the first few feeble
explosions.
For many years the designations OF
motor oil as to heaviness or body
have been: sac 10 and sac 20, gen
orally recommended for Winter, and
sac 30. sac 40 and sac so, generally
recommended for Summer. These
ratings were based upon the body OF
the oils at 130 degrees Fahrenheit, or
Summer temperature. The trouble was,
the committee found, that an oil which
appeared to be thin enough for efh-
cient Winter fabrication at the Sum-
mer temperature might actually be as
thick as tar at zero. So the committee
devised new system for classifying
and designating Winter oils based
upon the characteristics of the oil at
zero Fahrenheit. The oils meeting the
new standards we're designated as
low and 20W, and motorists were
generally advised Dy the committee
last year to continue using the OILS
with the sac designations until cold
weather was imminent and then
switch to low or 20W, whichever
was recommended by the manufac-
turer of their car or whichever the
average low temperature of their eli
,Nate indicated would be prudent.
Oil Companies Cooperate.
Practically all of the principal oil
companies in the United States ana
Canada have co-operated with the
committee and made these new oils
available through their retail outlets.
Additional information to better
motoring follows:
/. The cranking speed of an engine,
other things being equal, Is dependent
upon the viscosity or body OF the Oil
in the engine at the starting tempera-
ture. If the oil is too heavy at the
starting temperature it may be i'm
possible to start because of dragging
effect of the oil. Failure to have in
the engine an oil sufficiently low In
viscosity may make starting impos-
sible
2. The safe low limit of viScoSity or
body to lubricate the engine is very
low. if the engine is in good mechan-
ical condition, and provided an ade-
uuate supply of oil is maintained in
the crankcase and supplied to the
bearing surfaces. Light bodied oils
satisfactory for cold weather starting
are sufficiently heavy to prevent
burned-out bearings or worn cylinder
blocks, even in warm weather. Worn
cylinder blocks are more often due to
using too heavy an oil rather than too
light an oil, because of inadequate
distribution during the warm-up
period.
3. Oil consumption increases if the
viscosity or body of the oil in the
engine is decreased, but usually to
less extent than is generally expected.
Oil consumption is largely depen-
dent upon speed of driving. For ex-
ample: Road tests comparing Winter
grades of oil with heavy Summer
grades show that the difference in oil
consumption is no more than that
obtained by reducing driving speed
from to 10 miles per hour at high
speed.
While the use of lighter bodied oils
may slightly increase oil consumption,
particularly on warm days, the saw
ing in cost made by using the heavier
oils will usually be offset by increased
gasoline consumption.
Slight Drop in Sales.
A slight falling off in automotive
production is noted in September by
the Department of Commerce. Fig
ures for the first nine months of the
year. however, are well up over the
period in 1888, being 2384,596 as
against 1914, 1876. The total figures
for all of 1888 only reached 1,92O,057.
September factory sales of auto
mobiles manufactured in the United
States Gncluding foreign assemblies
from parts made in the United
States and reported as complete units
or vehicles), based on data reported
tS the Bureau OF LNe CellSlS, COiI-
sisted Of 1892 vehicles, of which
123.909 were passenger cars, 44,963
trucks, as compared with 234,809 We
hicles in August. 1884: 191, 800 We
hicles in September. 1888, and 84,-
$50 vehicles in September, 1882.
Optimism may be taken by manu-
facturers in increasing export trends.
Demand for American cars is
doubling in certain countries in
Europe, with Sweden showing an
outstanding improvement" accord
ing to George F. Bauer, who, as ex-
port manager of the Automobile
Manufacturers Association. took
part in the International Highway
Congress at Munich, and who has
just returned after contracting with
leaders in nine nations on that con-
tinent.
In view of failure of nationalistic
policies to solve unemployment prob
lems," said Mr.. Bauer, most Euro