davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-11

o. Name the oldest University in South America.
 A. The University of San Mar cos in Lima, Peru, founded in 1851.
 Q. When was Franklin K. Lane secretary of the interior, and who
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-11

O. Should the term English be applied to persons from parts or the British Isles other than Eng land?
 A. English means of Britain or British descent. It does not in- clude persons from Wales, Scotland or 1relands
Evening star., 1934-09-30
Soot Yields Cafalyst

THE SCOT which collects in chimneys has been
! found to contain a material of great value
in connection with the process by which oils
are transformed into fats through the addition
of hydrogen. The new substances participation
in the process is indirect but nevertheless i'm
portant.
DIR. c. A. jacobson of the University of West
Virginia has announced the new material which
has been named silica black. 1t serves as an
important ingredient in printing inks as paint
pigment and as q carrier of insecticides. It
is the carrying ability which makes it important
in the oil-fat industry for it also serves q
carrier of the catalyst, which causes the needed
hydrogen to combine with oils to become fats. y
Catalysts are those mysterious chemical SUBJ
stances which cause certain chemical actions
by their presence, but which appear to pass
through the action themselves unchanged.
Evening star., 1934-09-30

ing tails and towering neckS ending in absurdfy
small heads for such big animals
In their ranks we're the biggest animals that
ever lived on land and with the exception of
modern whales, the biggest that ever lived any
where. From the thimble-S shaped noses to
their tapering tails that went ION, and on, and
on" they often measured nearly 80 feet long.
At their hips highest part of their frames.
they stood three or four times high as a tall
man. Their brains were amazingly tiny;
sauropod bulky three elephants rolled into
one had brain smaller than a bantam egg.
THERE were little sauropods, too. In his
! quarry Dr. Brown has found number Of
teeth about as big as orange seeds, which would
argue a sauropod not much bigger than rabbit
hen, but nevertheless full grown. 1t will
take some very careful piecing together of the
smaller bones, after they have been unpacked
in New York to tell whether he has found
the skeleton that goes with the teeth.
A year ago. before he looked into the find
at Question-Mark Quarry, DR.. Brown had
found part of the remains of what he calls
"bantam dinosaur." He intended to finish
digging it out this Summer, but the bigger
game on Mr.. Howe's ranch took up all his
time. He will go back for the little fellow
later.
The first larger teeth he found in Question:
Mark Quarry-eght of them in a row, close
to a piece of thin bone that might have been
part of a skul-gave scent to an exciting pos
Sibiiity. These teeth and the bone fragment
together with a vertebra that lay partly over
them, might just possibly belong to the genus
known Barosaurus.
Barosaurus is what might be called the
"Headless Hessian" among Sauropods. Skele-
tons of the reptile are known, but never a skull
among them. Naturally the search for SKULL
even the pieces of one, has been keen in
Question Mark Quarry.
Another bit of exciting fossil evidence is the
discovery of paper-thin bit of stuff that may
represent a piece of sauropod skin. If this
proves to be the case, our notions of the ex-
ternal appearance of the biggest of the dino
saurs may be in for sweeping revision. They
have always been thought of smooth -hided.
but this piece of possible skin is rough and
wrinkled, like the skin of a gecko lizard" says
DIR. Brown, who promises himself an airplane
hunt for more Question-Mark Quarries.
Evening star., 1934-09-30

forage they require when the vegetation dried
up. crowded into the last pools of water left in
the deepest spots, and there died by dozens.
So also, probably, perShed the dinosaurs.
With returning rains, as the seasons rolled
on the lakes reflled, the mass of tumbled bones
in their depths was silted over new herds Of
dinosaurs wallowed in the short waters, heed
less of the fate of their forebears.
In the slow geologic ages. the climate changed
permanently; what had been lake became
dry plain. Then river cut down through the
now stony mud beds, forming a valley.
New and strange animals grazed in the VAL
ley, many generations of them. Then came the
red men, then the white.
The rancher who took this bit Of valley for
his own, Barker Howe, some 30odd years
ago. a string of bones lying on the hillside.
Being a stockman he had a practical knowl-
edge of animal anatomy. and knew them for
tail-bones-though they were odd-looking tall
bones, and most almighty big.
A TAIL calls for an animal to be fastened
on. Barker Howe reasoned; the rest of the
skeleton must be inside the hill. He got into
touch with scientists and told them about it.
One cause and another delayed the actual
exploration of Mr.. Howes hill-with- h-a-tail but
last Summer DIR. Brown, after a successful
dinosaur hunt elsewhere in the West made
preliminary examination What he found made
even his veteran eyes pop out. The mass OF
bones indicated that the hill must hold not
only one dinosaur skeleton, but a good dozen!
For a wholesale dinosaur grave-robbery such
as the situatiodn called for, good hatful Of
money was required. One of the big shot oil
men of the country, whose company has been
operating a gang of highly realistic mechanical
dinosaurs at the Century of Progress in Chi
cago had become rather interested in dinosaurs.
Would he come in on this job? Certainly.
So with oil money and American Museum
brains and scientific skill, the expedition took
the field. 1t has been at work all Summer, and
Dr. Brown has stated that it may have to keep
on working until Fall storms drive the diggers
out of the pit.
When the digging first began, DR.. Brown
gave the place the nickname Question-M Mark
Quarry for he had notion what might come
out of it. Now it might well be rechristened
with the exclamation point as patron, for 1t
has proved to be about the most astonishing
deposit of saurian bones on this continent.
The huge bones of the big reptiles found
in Question-Mark Quarry all belong to the
same type of dinosaur. This is natural If We
may Judge from the ways of modern reptiles,
ness, for example, the way alligators pile them
selves on river banks, or the amicable Gordian
knots into which half a dozen snakes will wind
themselves.
1t has not been possible to give the Question:
Mark Quarry dinosaurs an exact name. Some
missing parts must first be dug out. They
have been assigned to the general group known
as the sauropodS, or lizard footed dinosaurs on
the basis of the bones thus far uncovered.
The sauropods included all the huge, hulgy-
bodied four footed dinosaurs with long, taper
Evening star., 1934-09-30

or so in length and weighing 20 or Is tons
when it was alive
How such a parade would dwarf even the
longest string of elephants that the mghtiest
circus could muster!
How does it happen that DR.. Brown and
his aides are thus digging out whole veritable
mine of dinosaur bones? Why should such
a concentration of scientific riches exist at
one spot when the rocks round about have
relatively little to offer in fossil treasure?
The answer is probably drought. Tremen-
dous drought 125 900 600 years ago. Drought
that drove this herd of monster reptiles to
a last refuge in dwindling pool of muddy
water, denied them sufficient food, and left
them to die and deposit their piled bones
in the bottom ooze when their tremendous
carcaSses decayed and fell apart.
THIS explanation, offered by DR.. Brown, seems
to be an altogether reasonable hypothesis.
Dinosaurs of the type he is finding here, known
as the SaurOpodS, were par excellence lake
and marshland animals Their enormous
bodies required ceaseless feeding thick,
lush vegetation-for the sauropods were for
the most part plant-eaters
For choice, the great reptiles probably stayed
in the water most of the time, perhaps to
avoid the hungry fesh-eating dinosaurs that
might attack them.
1t has even been suggested that their bulky,
pOC-DelueQ DOQleS were TOO nedVy IOr Cnelr
legs, so that they had to have water about
them to buoy them up, while their long necks
raised their heads, periscope-fashon, above
the surface.
Whatever may have been the causes, there
seems to be little doubt that the sauropods re-
quired very wet habitat, and that If 1t dried
up. they perished.
This conjecture is borne out by similar
finds of saurian remains in tremendous bone
pockets" in East Africa few years ago. The
leader of the British expedition that mined"
these fossil deposits, F. w. H. Migeod, pointed
theory of an ancient drought.
In the African province Of Kenya, about
seven years ago. there occurred a drought COM
parable to that of this year in North America.
The lakes and ponds dried up. Herds of hip
popotamuses. left without the vast quantities Of
Evening star., 1934-09-30

UtOWoC tktdt ID lCAt " VI
High up on a dry, ST
hillside overlooking a '
ley ranch that has ia
a little better, perhs
than the average, a Ii
knot of men, oblivio,ls
the heat, toll earnestly
a dusty pit they have &
Almost oblivious to
the dryness and heat
that has practically
ruined the country
side, this little group
is here on a mission
that has little thought
of today. that sets
time back millions
upon millions of years
and deposits the men
into the strange era
of gigantic jungle
bred lizards.
Their leader, pith-
helmeted against the
cruel sun. scratches
away with an awl,
around some stony
fragments, sea r C ly
distinguishable from
the mass of other
stones in which they
are embedded.
From time to time
he brushes the dust
Evening star., 1934-09-30

DiscOue erPr
a n d e e
plorer. Left,
B q = K q r
HOue, oct.
eran ranch
e r., 10 h o
m a d e the
first find Of
Sau o p o a
bones OUer
BrOtCn, ChO
Evening star., 1934-09-30
BY DR.. FRANK THONE.

uEAT SCOURGED, drought bitten,
the Montana countryside offers no
comfort to man, little sustenance
to his poor beasts. Dazed in the
unrelenting glare of the sun, the
cattle turn wearily from the scant
Evening star., 1934-09-30

away with little whisk broom. It is weary
work. but he seems to have sunk himself deep
into that fatigue forgetting state that comes to
men when they are in the grip of great ex-
citement-soldiers in battle, athletes on the
foot ball field, scientists who have made a real
find"
His companions in the pit are similarly for
getful of the discomforts of hot afternoon in
Montana. They too. crouch odd-shaped
stony masses, picking, chiseling, scraping.
Well may they forget the drought of 1894;
they the first to read the record of what
seems to have been more intensive. more fatal
drought more than a hundred million years
ago-a drought that brought death to herds of
beasts bigger than boxcars, who had no human
owners with intelligence to help them and
not enough brains to help themselves.
-:
"A 18TH the only instruments they had their
w own dead bones, they have impressed the
record of their last roundup into the mud
where they perished now turned into solid
stone.
For the odd-shaped masses of stony stuff
which DR.. Barnum Brown, noted paleontolo-
gist and his corps of assistants are painfully,
carefully digging and Scraping out of the
embedding rock are the fossil bones of a
round dozen dinosaurs, all jumbled together as
in titanic charnel-house
Each piece whether leg-bone huge and
heavy as a firepug or broken fragment of
tail-vertebra, or Joint that could be mailed
back home for 3-cent stamp, must be got
out undamaged wrapped separately and boxed
for shipment back to the American Museum
of Natural History in New York.
There they will be unwrapped again, and
patient museum perpetrators will have the
endless job of sorting out the pieces, patching
broken bones together (for many of them are
broken when they are found) and eventually
matching them up, as nearly as they can
be matched, into their original set-up. A
task that might daunt the Angel Gabriel him.
self!
But it is well worth doing. in the opinion Of
the laboring scientists of the American Mu-
scum Sinclair Dinosaur Expedition. One good,
big dinosaur is a treasure for a museum. any
time-and here are a whole dozen of themi
A procession of enormous beasts each SO feet
The Bismarck tribune., 1934-08-25
WRITER IS ORDERED
T0LEAVE GERMANY
Mrs. Sinclair Lewis Banished
By Nazis for Article on
Herr Hitler

Berlin. Aug. 25.-(R)-MrS. Sinclair
Lewis, who writes under her maiden
name Of Dorothy Thompson. Saturday
was ordered by the secret police to
leave Germany within "a hours.
The baniShment order against the
wife Of the Nobel Prize winner was
based on her alleged hostile attitude
toward Germany.
Mrs. Lewis recently has written
many magazine articles on Germany
and the Hitler movement. It was
privately reported that an interview
with Hitler which she published In q
magazine before he came to power
had much to do with the expulsion
order.
Although she had been here scarce
" q week, she Is leaving Saturday
night by the North Express for Paris.
Following the receipts Of the ex-
pulsion order, Mrs. Lewis issued q
statement in which she said she was
informed that the order was based
chiefly upon an interview with Hitler
which I had in 1891 and which, apart
from quoting Hitler, was purely per-
sonal impression Of personality"
II should like to point out" she
said. that it was written sometime
after Hitler became chancellor and
when he did not enjoy the support Of
more than IS per cent of the German
people, so that 1t is difficult to see
how an adverse impression at that
time could be interpreted Is m at
tack on Germany"
The Bismarck tribune., 1934-08-25
SPEAKER CONTEST
CLOSELY WATCHED
Administration Officials Thus
Far Maintaining Hands
Or Attitude

Washington. Aug. 25.-tR)-Admin-
istration officials are watching the
contest for the speakership Of the
House to see what political effect 1t
might have, particularly on the 1896
presidential election.
While thus far maintaining "hands
off" policy. President Roosevelt's po-
litical advisers realize there are many
elements involved which might react
against the chief executives chances
OF reelection In 1896.
That the administration desires the
strongest leadership in the new House
Is certain. This Is considered especi-
ally important by Democratic chief
tains, who concede they will lose
around two score seats to Republicans
in November.
BY their long service and promin-
ence, the leading contenders-Repre-
tentative Joseph w. Byrns Of Tennes-
see. Sam Rayburn Of Texas, and Will
liam b. Ban.;llead Of Aabama-have
large blcc.ss of supporters reaching
into northern states.
That the speakership will 60 to
Byrns, Rayburn or Bankhead ap-
pears likely to many observers.
The Bismarck tribune., 1934-08-25
SEEK LATIN TRADE
TREATIES FOR j. s.
State Department to Extend
Reciprocal Policy to Cot.
fee Exporters

Warrington, Aug. 25.-R-Now
that the government has struck Z
bargain with Cuba in the opening Of
q new tariff era" 1t Is expected to
press trade negotiations with certain
Latin-American coffee countries.
The state department hopes to lose
no time In extending the new recipro-
cal trad policy Of the administrat ton,
which bore its first fruits in tho pro-
clamation Of the Cuban n-Amertcan
treaty by President Roosevelt.
The document, which goes into ef-
feet Sept. 3. was signed and sealed
with ceremony Friday. Battering large
chunks out Of the tariff barriers be-
tween the two nations, it grants Cubs
substantial reductions on sugar. rum,
cigars and cigar tobacco. as well as
seasonal cuts on winter vegetables.
Cuba In turn gives the United
States the benefit Of tariff reductions
on many products.
Officials said American farmers
and manufacturers stand to benefit,
and that both nations as whole
should gain from the increased
trade.
Among those cool to the treaty weSe
producers Of sugar products on the
mainland and in the territories
This gift to the Cubans would seem
to be most generous" said Royal D.
Mead, washington counsel for the
Hawaiian Sugar Planters association.
The rum club Of the world already
had protested tariff reductions on
that liquor, saying they would give
one American firm q monopoly.
The Bismarck tribune., 1934-08-25
Sharp Decline Noted
In u. S. Foreign Trade

Washington, Aug. 25.-(R)-More
than q seasonal decline In American
foreign trade during July was report
ed Saturday by the department Of
commerce.
Exports during the month were
valued at $l6l .7s7 600 in comparison
with $170,57l 900 In June. General
imports were valued at $l27, ,342 900 as
compared with $l36, ,O82 900.
These figures. however, compared
more favorably with those for July,
1888. exports q year ago totaling
$1A, ,100, 900 and imports 3l42 $50 600.
Over q period Of years, the depart
ment reported the decline in trade
from June until July has averaged
about per cent for exports and 3
per cent for imports. The decrease
this year is 5 per cent for exports and
6 per cent for imports.
This was the first month in over q
year that either exports or imports
have made IN unfavofable comparison
with the same month Of the previous
year. Imports declined II per cent Is
compared with July, 1888, but exports
were II per cent larger.
The Bismarck tribune., 1934-08-25
C0rn-Hog Payments
Total $45,55O,OOO

Washington, Aug. 25.-(R)-Corn-
hog benefit payments, being dis
bursed at the rate Of two million dol
lars every "a hours, were said Satur-
day BY the farm administration to
have placed approximately $45550,-
600 in the hands of cooperating farm
ers.
This amount represents virtually
one-third Of the total first install
ment Of $l33,000,0 900 which viii: be
paid participants in the control pro-
gram. although only half of all con-
tracts have reached the administra-
ton. Checks have been written cor
480,l97 farmers.
With disbursements OF Aug. 23:
Checks had been sent to 436 counties
IN l6 states on early payment con-
tracts and to 688 counties in 50 states
on regular payment forms.
Payments by states. including dis
bursements of Aug. II:
Iowa, $8,143 40; Kansas, 81, ,:33, 1872:
Michigan, $3.50; Minnesota, $2,775,-
426; Missouri, $4,847,567; Nebraska,
s., $50; North Dakota, $l6,652:
South Dakota, $l,SS5, ,988; Wisconsin,
$l.005 800.
North Dakota: Billings county, S.
84l; Pembina, $3.50: Richland, $4,560.
The Bismarck tribune., 1934-08-25
Housing Directors
Meet at Sioux City

Sioux Falls. s. D.. Aug. 25.-(R)-
Growing public interest and willing
ness Of bankers to cooperate were
points stressed by state officials Of
the federal housing administration
who met here Friday with Guy Har-
vey. regional director. to discuss the
governments home modernixation
program.
State directors present were Fred
Schilplin, Minnesota: ]. ]. Hughes,
iowa; r. I: Metcalfe. Nebraska; r. B.
Cummins. North Dakota: Miles Rom
ney, Montana. and G. G. Goss, South
Dakota. Bank liaison officers at the
conference were J. g. Vandagrift.
South Dakota: E. N. Van Horn. Ne
braska; G. M. Robertson, Montana !:
9. g. Wattam, North Dakota: Fred
Bohen. Iowa, and Frank p. Powers,
Minnesota.
The Bismarck tribune., 1934-08-25
MASSE7H, found
GUILTY OF ASSAULT
Sentence Will Be imposed Mon.
day When Court Begins
Trial Of Son

After celebrating IS minutes, the
second justice court jury to hear as
sault and battery charges against
Lawrence Masseth, sr., returned .
verdict Of guilty.
Sentence will be imposed Monday
by d. H. Houser, justice Of the peace.
when the court reconvenes for the
trial Of Jacob Masseth. arrested with
his father and brother, Lawrence.
Jr., following 4 street fight ct q
South Side beer parlor some weeks
ago.
Disagreement among the Jurors
forced the calling OF new trial In
the elder Masssth's case after Is wit
nesses had given testimony. Twenty
six people were placed on the stand
during the course Of the re-trial.
The Masseths were arrested for an
alleged assault on two policemen as
the officers sought to put an end to
q roughhouse at the beer parlors.
The Bismarck tribune., 1934-08-25
Suits Are Aftermath
OF Mill City Strike

Minneapolis, Aug. 25.-(FeTwo
claims for damages, totaling $l5,740
against the city were filed With the
city clerk Saturday in connection with
two deaths indirectly connected with
the recent truck drivers strike.
The claims were filed by the widows
Of two men fatally injured In . col
lision between q private automobile
and Z police car driven by guardsmen
answering Z call regarding picketing
activities.
Mrs. Lydia Wallin asked $500 for
the death Of her husband, Carl Wal
lin, driver Of the car, $40 funeral ex-
penses and 800 for the car which was
wrecked in the accident. Mrs. Alfred
Israelson. wife Of Wallin's companion,
asked $500.
The Bismarck tribune., 1934-08-25
Missouri Slope Girls
Awarded Scholarships

Tuition scholarships of $3.50, which
are offered annually to women In the
school Of home economics at the
North Dakota Agricultural COLLEGE.
have been announced. Among those
receiving the awards .aes Miss ,Bere-
nice Rhines, Regan, the college Pan
hellenic scholarship, and Miss Helen
Foster. Williston. the Irene Leim-
bacher Memorial scholarship. Both
Of these girls are seniors at the col
lege.
There are eight scholarships yet to
be awarded and included in these are
the Norman b. Black 500 Scholar
ship sponsored by the Rotary club
and the Eastgate Lodge, A. F. d A.
M. scholarship Of 500. Il is ex-
pected that winners will be an.
nounced at the opening Of the col
lege on Sept. 10.
The Bismarck tribune., 1934-08-25

clean up their old appraisals before
the newly-appraiSed herds arc ship
ped, Putnam said. The county agent
anticipates that this work win take In
the neighborhood Of three weeks and
until then only the most distressed Of
the county herds will be moved.
Six hundred calves and 24O head
of cattle were loaded in the county
lest week. The c1lves were Burle1gh
county's allotment set following the
announcement from st. Paul that
10000 head could be shipped from
North Dakota under the federal gov
eInment's cattle-buying program.
The Bismarck tribune., 1934-08-25
q SOCIETYmQ CUBS

panied them here where she will spend
some time. Rev. Heidinger Is . dis
trict superintendent Of the First
Evangelical church.
i 4 X
Mrs. ]. p. French, 6l5 Fourth st.,
president Of the North Dakota chap
ter Of p. E. O.. was q guest at q tea
given Wednesday afternoon at Man
dan by Mesdames +. w. Miller, q. H.
Wilson and Margaret Bingenheimer
at the Miller home for members Of
Chapter H, p. Z. q. Honor guests at
the affair were Mrs. Ina q. Keltner
Of New York City and Mrs. F. 8.
Bump. Waterloo, Ia, who are visiting
III Mandan. A bowl Of yellow and
white garden flowers formed 4 GEN.
terpiece for the tea table 1t which
Mrs. B. w. Shaw and Mrs. E. A.
Tostevin presided. yellow tapers In
silver holders completed the table ap-
pointments and baskets Of gladiou
and garden flowers were arranged
throughout the rooms.
\ \ 4
E0f MISS Phyllis L0velace, who Is
to Be married Sept. 20. Miss Abigail
Roam entertained at q party Friday
evening ct the home of her parents,
Or. and Mrs. M. w. Roam, 222 Park
st. There were guests for four
tables Of bridge ana honors in the
auction games were awarded Miss
Doris TAFT and Miss Beatrice Bow
man. Miss Lovelace was presented
with gift Of linen by the guests. The
bridal rose theme was carried out in
the decorations and the refreshments
served at the close Of the games. The
bride-to-beis table was marked with
. miniature bridal couple centered
under an arch decorated with silver
bells and lily Of the valley. An out
of-town guest was Miss TAFT, Bot
tineau, who Is visiting at the home
Of her mother, Mrs. William Barneck.
The Bismarck tribune., 1934-08-25
Government to Buy
TT. Peck Pool Land

washington, Aug. 25.-(R-The Of
lice OF Senator Wheeler Of Montana
said Saturday information has been
received from Brigadier General q b.
Pillsbury, acting chief OF the army
engineers, that the war department
WILL acquire all land not now owned
by the government within the pool
area Of the Fort Peck dam In Mon
tatla.
The pool area" General Pillsbury
explained, viii extend upstream from
the dam approximately ITS miles with
maximum width Of II miles. It's
width will vary according to the con-
tour Of the valley.