davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Amerikai Magyar hirlap = American Magyar journal. [volume] (Youngstown, Ohio) 1911-1942, 1934-03-08
PartoIjuk az inditvanyt
1884 MARCUS

menek, megrogzott konzervati-
vok AIT ajanljak, hogy a regi
rend hivei alakitsanak egy vi
partot, amt "Alkotmanyos Part
max" akarnak nevezni.
Jeleiil annak, hogy ok ragasz-
kodnak az alkotmany holt betiii-
hez ragaszkodnak mindahhoz,
amit lit szentnek tartottak a
Hoover-Coolidge eraban.
Eek az urak azzal vadoljak
az elnokot es brain trust-ot,
hogy szocializaljak az orszagot
.es ennek a meggatlasara akar-
jak az alkotmanyos partot csi-
nalni.
Az otletet Vandenberg michi-
gani szenator adta szamukra,
aki tekintettel van az 6szi va
lasztasokra, mikor ujra kell sza-
ladnia es ebb6l a szempontbol
nagy beszedet tartott a szena-
tusban a szocializmusrol Is az
ellen, multi heten.
kar lenne tagadni, a kormany
intezkedesei, a kormany eyes
programme szocialista elgondo-
lasok fele halad, nem azert, hogy
hamarosan a szocializmus karjai-
ba vezesse az orszagot, hanem
azert; hogy a depresszioban meg
nyilakozo tehetetlenseg es az ell
viselhetetlen tomegnyomor ne
hozza a kommunizmust ebbe az
orszagba.
Mikor tehat a kormany
szocialis elgondolasokbol elfogad
annyit, amennyit a programme
ban talalunk, voltakeppen a ka-
pitalizmus megnentesere torek-
SILK. Es ennek az erdekeben hal
lando t6kesrendszer iga zsagta-
Ian tulkapasait korlatozni, vagyis
korlatozott kapitalizmusra gon-
dolnak.
Valoszinu, hogy az alkotmany
megirt betiii sok tekintetben ell
lentetben allnak az vi deal-el,
hiszen eppen ezer+:: nom akarja a
kormany nagy vitat a supreme
court Gle engedni es eddig a
hatarig valoban nevezhetnek ma
gukat alkotmanyparti emberek-
mex, akik-az vi dealt ellenzik.
Az alkotmany azonban mem
hetszentseg, amin valtoztatn,
mem szabad ennek a nemzetnek.
Idaig megtettek ait tobb mint
husz esetben es meg fogjak meg
egynehanyszor csinalni.
Tagadhatatlan azonban, hogy
polgarsag, kulonosen a gondol-
kozashoz mem szokott polgar-
sag, az orszag alaptorvenyeit
ku1onos Macy tiszteletben tartja,
anelkiil, hogy annak tartalma-
val es rendelkezeseivel sokat to-
r0dne.
Ha tehat egy part alkotma-
nyos partnak fogja magat ne
vezni kulonosen, ha sikeriilne
nekik a Roosevelt liberals part
jat szocialista partnak nevezni,
mar az elnevezes~ kovetkezteben
is sikerekre szamithat.
Termeszetes, hogy ezeknek az
uraknak mem olyan nagyon faj
az alkotmany, hiszen, ha fajna,
akkor nem valtoztattak vo1na ait
meg palinka iigyeben ket izben.
Azok a kivaltsagok fajnak ne
xix, amelyeket az alkotmany je-
lenlegi tartalma es rendelkezese
biztosit egy kis osztalynak. An
max kis ragadozo osztalynak,
amely a nemzetjavakat felhara-
csolta es az ehinseget idezte fel
a nemzetre.
Idaig az alkotmany ridegen
biztositotta a dollar, a birtok, az
uz1et szentseget, amelybe mem
volt szabad belenyulnia a kor-
manynak.
Az III deal netncsak engedelyt
Amerikai Magyar hirlap = American Magyar journal. [volume] (Youngstown, Ohio) 1911-1942, 1934-03-08

Az "Idegenben'' cimii koDyvet,
Budapesten Genius kiad6
vallalat adta XII sokkal bant6bb.
es hibasabb formaban, mint att
Remenyi JOSEF legkivalobb.
munkaja megerdemelte volDa.'
CONDOS SANDOR.
Evening star., 1934-10-12
20 YEARS AGO
IN THE STAR

THE world series was to be re-
i sumed today in Boston. The
Braves won the first two games
from the Athletics. The third was
slated today.
The Browns defeated the Cards,
20, and tied them, "a, in double
header, and as a result the Browns
won the st. Louis City title.
Sons Of st. George soccer team
Of Baltimore defeated the WASH
ington outfit, 30, at Rosedale Park.
Washington players included Sted-
man, Wright, McGinty. Feather.
stone, Nelson, Tracey, Covan, Fem
niman, Grieves, Collins and Foster.
Roger Bresnahan, Chicago Cubs
catcher. has succeeded Henry
O'Day as manager of the team for
1915, according to a report.
Tech High has two Of its best
foot ball players out of action with
injuries. They are Jakey Roberts
and Gene Ochsenreiter.
The Cubs overcame the White
Sox, 4-3, and need only one more
win to take the Chicago City series.
Munich Peake, former Tech High
grid star, is captain Of the V. P. /.
eleven.
Pop HALEY, president Of the City
Duckpin Association, expects this
season to be a big one here for the
sport.
Evening star., 1934-10-12
jake RAY TO COACH
CENTRAL DRIBBLERS
Bert Coggins Resigns After II
Years, but Will Continue
to Tutor Gridders.

TAKE RAY will coach the Central
High School basket ball squad this
Winter, succeeding Bert Coggins,
who has held the post for the last II
years. Ray will continue to tutor base
ball, sport he had coached with sue
cess the last three years.
Ray has his work cut out if he is to
make a record comparable to that of
Coggins, who has quit the court job to
devote more time to foot ball. In his
II years as court mentor, Bert has
turned out six public high school
championship teams. In 1927 the
Central quint won the University Of
Pennsylvania tourney, in which it also
has made strong showings in other
years under Coggins' tutelage.
In addition to continuing to serve
as foot ball coach, Coggins will gener-
ally supervise boys athletics.
The list of crack basketers developed
by Coggins is long. Among them are
Carroll Shore, Buddy Nau, Ollie Tip
ton, Jack Moulton, the late Bill Burke,
Walker Hale, OTIS Dezendorf, Bill
Banta, Earle Moser, Mickey Macdonald.
Warren Swift, Lefty Crouch, Warren
Swift, Nelson Colley, Pete Nee, Forrest
Burgess, Everett Cross and George
Brandt,
Evening star., 1934-10-12
NAVY IN FINE Trim
FOR OLD LINE TILT
Mini, at End, Will Replace
Bull, Only Regular Not
Slated to Start.
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
A NNAPOLIS, Nd, October IA
" With the exception Of Dick
~ Bull at right end, whose place
was taken acceptably in the
Virginia game by Jim Mini, the Navy
will be able to start its full strength
against Maryland tomorrow barring
something unforeseen.
Reserves will be somewhat affected
by injuries, but the key men are in
tact, though a trifie patched up in
some cases.
This is the starting lineup as
given out by Head Coach Hamilton
today:
Left end, Jim Mini: left tackle,
George Lambert; left guard, Dave
Zabriskie; center, Lou Robertshaw;
right guard, Capt. Dick Burns; right
tackle, Slade Gutter; right end, Bob
Dornin; quarterback, Dick Pratt;
left half, Fred Berries; right half,
Tom King: fullback, Bill Clark.
zabriskie, a regular guard last year,
did not start against Virginia and
played only a few minutes. His
physical condition has greatly i'm
proved.
Another player who has moved ci
the hospital list is Snead Schmidt,
considered the best running back ex-
cept Berries, and that players under
study. For the last three days he
has taken full part in the practice.
These officials will handle the
game:
Peferee, H. z. Armstrong, Tufts;
umpire. T. j. Thorp. Columbia; lines
man, w. M. Hollenback, Pennsyl-
vania; field judge. Paul Mention,
Loyola (Baltimore).
The start Of the game has been set
for 2:3o, and the sale Of tickets indi-
Gates a capacity crowd. a little over
$4,000.
The curtain opener will be between
the Plebes and Georgia Military Col
Iege, beginning at ! o'clock.
Evening star., 1934-10-12
Grid Graphs

~RIDDERs Of the 2eoth Field Ar
T tillery, District Of Columbia Ma
tional Guard, are prepping ener-
getically for their second game Of the
campaign against the Quantico Ma
rine eleven Sunday at Quantico. It
is planned to take along contingent
Of rooters for the game that starts
at 2:30 o'clock.
Playing together for the first time
without having had chance to en-
gage even in q scrimmage session, the
Artillerymen opened their season last
Sunday, bowling to the Winchester
Mems A. c. at Winchester by only
TO. The eleven is the first ever to
represent the 260th.
Leading members of the 260th
eleven include King. Morgan. Mile
worth, Linderer, John King, Clagett,
Martin, Reichel, Shaw, Rohrkemper,
Fox, Sokol, Grimes, McMahon, Robey,
Lawrie, La Valley, Hess and Antonelli.
Marion A. C. foot ballers drill this
evening at 7:30 o'clock on the Seaman
Gunners Field. Coach Rice asks all
players to be on hand.
Five teams have joined the Colum-
bian Foot Ball League, a 135-pound
loop. They are the Northeast Tigers,
Hodge, American Eagles, Decatur A.
c. and Wolverine A. C. Other teams
wishing to join should call Joe Cohen,
900 Tennessee avenue northeast.
Annapolis Coca Cola unlimited
eleven is after a game for Sunday.
Call Annapolis 663.
Woodbridge Panthers are seeking
games with 125-pound elevens. Call
Manager Ransdell at North $500.
Evening star., 1934-10-12
KENSINGT0N GAMES
SLATED TOMORROW
Postponed Meet Affords Events
for Youngsters, Grown-ups
Of Both Sexes.

THE annual Kensington playground
j field day, postponed for more
than a month because of in
clement weather on several occasions
and conflicting dates with other
Montgomery County events, will be
held in the nearby Maryland COM
munity tomorrow afternoon.
A program replete with events for
both men and women, boys and girls
has been arranged by the Playground
Committee, headed by Wilbur N.
Baughman, and will be staged under
the direction of Richard S. Tennyson,
assistant supervisor Of District play
grounds.
The schedule, which will open at
2:30 pm, includes horseshoe pitch
ing tournament for men and boys
over Is years Of age and a tourna-
ment for boys under that age, QUOT
pitching for girls, mems tug-of- war,
potato. three-legged and sack races
open to all, four races for boys and
two for girls.
Evening star., 1934-10-12
What's the Odds?
BY JACK DOYLE,
Nationally Known Betting Authority.


adds on the principal foot ball
- games throughout the country
this Saturday are as follows
(the name of the favorite is given
first in each case):
Southern California, to S; Pitts
burgh, even money.
Purdue, Z to 10; Notre Dame, II
to 10.
Michigan, to 2; Chicago. 8 to 5.
Yale, to 10; Pennsylvania. II
to 10.
Harvard Brown, Q to 1O-take your
choice.
Syracuse, / to 2; Cornell, 8 to 5.
Michigan State, 2 to 5; Carnegie
Tech, 2 to /.
Duke. 4 to S; Georgia Tech, even
money.
Tulane, 1 to 2; Florida. to 5.
Stanford, 1 to q; Northwestern.
to S.
Ohio State, to 2: Illinois, 8 to S.
Iowa, 3 to 5: Nebraska, 3 to 2.
Rice, 3 to 5; Southern Methodist
3 to 2.
Princeton, to IS; williams, -
to l.
Columbia, 1 to 4; v. M. l.. 3 to /.
Georgetown, to 5; Manhattan
even money.
Union, ! to 2; Amherst, 8 to 5.
Friday Game.
Fordham, to 5; Boston College, 3
to 2.
Copyright. 1884. by the North American
Newspaper Alliance. Inc)
Evening star., 1934-10-12
NO ST. JOHNS FR0SH
WILL FACE VIRGINIA
Coach Riggs Yet to Settle Upon
Ends, Fullback for Contest
at Charlottesville.
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
A NNAPOLIS, Nd, October I2.-
"A Out of the confusion caused by
the refusal Of Virginia to allow
the playing of freshmen against them
at Charlottesville Saturday, Coach
Riggs Of st. Johns has settled upon
his starting lineup. excepting at the
ends and fullback.
Two regulars, Len De Liso, the best
Johnny end, and Len StankiewicZ,
guard, cannot be used. being first
year students, and several valuable
reserves will be left behind.
This is the nearest Riggs can come
to announcing his lineup at present:
Left end, Evans or Crane; left tackle,
Weeks; left guard, Lamond; center,
Donahue; right guard, Boucher; right
tackle, Lott; right end, McCrea
Hughes or Eaton; quarterback, Bos-
sert; left half, Smith; right half,
Snibbe; fullback, Ed Delisio or Sutton.
Evening star., 1934-10-12
RY FRANCIS ]. POWERS.

HICAGO, October 12.-The
most sensational halfback to
Y 4 speed his way over Midwestern
gridirons since the days of
Harold the Red Grange is Oze Sim
mons of the University of Iowa. Sim
mons is a sinewy, lanky 175-pound
colored boy from Fort Worth, Tex.
He came to Iowa on the urgence of
Duke" Slater, the great Hawkeye
tackle of Is seasons ago and now a
colored attorney in Texas.
Having been an all-State back in
his native Texas and the winner OF
II letters in his high school, Oze was
not lacking in confidence when he
landed in Iowa City. AS the story
goes, he marched into Coach Ossie
Solem's Office and introduced himself
in this way:
"Mr. Solem, I'm Oze Simmons"
$50 what?" asked Mr.. Solem, who
had heard not word Of the young
man.
MI. SOleul, l uldhCo OO0NAANS"AAS'
I'm the best halfback in Texas"
Solem promptly forgot all about the
young man, but the first time Oze ran
| against the varsity, Ossie quickly re-
membered the Texan.
Hes the best I ever saw" shouted
Dick Hanley. He can run, he can
buck and how he can handle punts I!
Besides he's as sweet a defensive
player as you would want. Simmons
scored only one touchdown against us,
but he was running everywhere ali
afternoon and tackling him was Like
grabbing at bolt of lightning.
III tell you what he did with
punts. Once our kicker punted 10
yards and Simmons brought the ball
back. IS yards. We gained yards on
the kick. Another time we punted
over Simmons head to Iowa's 12-yard
Line. Simmons ran back, picked up
Evening star., 1934-10-12
Ose Simmons, Io,oa, Best Back
In Midwest Since Red Grange

the ball and came back TO the As
yard stripe. He catches punts over
his head and to either side like Iris
Speaker used to handle fly balls. Sim
mons can pivot on a dime and once
he gets that ball it's just too bad.
Unless he is injured, Simmons is going
to be the most sensational back of the
season"
Simmons has plenty Of courage.
Northwestern worked him over from
head to heel, but all Oze ever did was
to grin. Al Lind, the Northwestern
center, tackled Simmons once. when
got up my arms were numb" related
Lind.
Evening star., 1934-10-12
On College Crids
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
SAN Stanford is the
favorite but Coach Dick Hanley thinks
Northwestern has a chance. I'VE
didn't come 1000 miles to take lop-
sided licking" Hanley said as he led
his Wildcats into San Francisco for
Saturdays game at Palo Alto.
ANNAPOLIS, Md.-Tom Hamilton
believes Navy's game with Maryland
will develop into a thriller. Both
teams are equipped for every possible
style of offense," Navy's head coach
points out. There should be lot Of
open play, with many forward passes" I"
PITTSBURGH. Pitts Panthers
have a great record to protect in the
Southern California game. They
haven't been beaten on an Eastern
field since 1928.
NEW YORK.-There should be
plenty of fight" in New York Uni
versitys backfield against West Vir-
ginia Wesleyan. Bob Pastor, an anna
teur light heavyweight boxer of con-
siderable renown, has replaced Joe
McManus at left halfback.
ITHACA, N. Y.-The return of
Frank Murdock, veteran tackle, caused
Cornell's hopes of beating Syracuse to
soar and then to collapse. Murdock,
ineligible last year, practiced yesterday
but with the third team. He is out
of condition and probably won't start
Saturdays game.
LAFAYETTE, Ind.-It appears Pur-
due will not be able to call on Duane
Purvis, injured triple threat back, for
much heavy duty against Notre Dame.
Purvis may not start and may be
used only for forward passing.
ITHACA, N. Y.-This years Cornell
team already has been whipped but it
still is fact that Gloomy Gil" Dobie
has coached more undefeated teams
than any rival-12 to be exact.
NEW YORK.-Chick Meehan's
Manhattan College eleven possibly is
the "greenest'' in the East. Meenan's
starting team against Georgetown will
include seven sophomores, three OF
them in the backfeld.
Evening star., 1934-10-12
ao1na and Nohe Dame Coneback Seen in Games Tomorrow
Coach Calls 'Red'
And Five Report

UNIVERSITY, Va, October IL.
Hey, there, Red, come here,
Gus Tebell, head coach Of the
Virginia varsity, shouted across
Lambeth Field to one Of the teams
running signals.
Five men, all redheads, stopped
what they were doing.
On that one team Of eleven men
were five sorrel tops-Phil Fry
berger in the backfield, Sanford
Haskell at tackle, Kenneth Morton
as one of the guards, and both
ends, Knox Turnbull and George
Wood.
From now on Coach Tebeu Is
calling his charges by name.
Evening star., 1934-10-12
All Must Be Careful.

TT ALL shows how careful you have
to be in these ancient gridiron
centers.
Athletically all three have problems.
Yale is likely to defeat Pennsylvania
Saturday and if she does it will do
her unaccountable good. 1t is by no
means certain that the Blue Is going
to drop as many games this season
as certain pessimistic critics think.
Princeton, swollen with unwarrant-
ed over confidence, will run into a
beating sooner or later. If she does
not it will be the first time in history
that a Tiger team starting a season
with world beating prospects has es-
capped a startling upset.
At Harvard, Eddie Casey, think,
is working under tremendous sub.
merged difficulties.
Evening star., 1934-10-12
FIELD DOGS TESTED
IN ALL.AGE CONTEST
National Capital Club Winds Ur
Meet Today-Haase Kennel
Wins Major Honors.
THE second annual field trials Of

THE second annual field trials oi
the National Capital Field Trial
Club were to end today on the
Hal Dawson Farm near Potomac, Md.
with the running Of the All-Age Stake
Many notable dogs were entered, the
total entry list being 16.
Entries Of Virgil P. Haase Of Staun-
ton, Va, finished first and third in the
Derby Stake, run yesterday: Equity,
a setter, captured the event; Air Flows
Gift, owned by H. z. Eyster of York.
Pa, was second and Beau Florindale
was the Haase entry that finished
third.
All three dogs are from the same
sire.
Evening star., 1934-10-12
MEXICANs BEAT TEXANS.

MEXICO, D. F., October IL R.-
Fort Worth base ball team again lost
to the Aztecas yesterday, 10 to 8. Art
Shires' homer, with one on in the
sixth, accounted for two Of the visitors
runs.
r. H. e.
Fort Worth. E. 900 o02 0o1-3 9 3
Aztecas ...... 200 500 30x-10 16
Sims and Broskie; Sarda and Leal.
Evening star., 1934-10-12
SET THREE PIN MARKS
Krauss' 1872 and Columbia's 7o5
and 1.s72 High for Seaeson.

Young Bill Krauss, with q game Of
1872, and his team, Columbia pointed
to season bowling records today fol-
lowing a clash last night with New
Center Market, in which the latter
won two games.
Krauss shot a game Of 1872 and the
Columbias one of 705 and q set OF
1872, all high for the season.
Bill totaled 41e for the evening. His
big game was the opener.
Evening star., 1934-10-12
HOCKEY STAR UNSIGNED
Montreal Can't Entice Connell
From Berth as Fireman.

MONTREAL, October IL R.-The
Montreal Maroons virtually have aban-
doned all hope of signing Alex Con-
nell, veteran goalie.
Despite strenuous efforts by the
Maroons, the club has been unable to
secure leave Of absence for Connell
from the Ottawa Fire Department, by
whom he Is employed.
Evening star., 1934-10-12

at his home in steubenville, Ohio.
Further it was stated that these va
cationing Tigers did more than go to
picnics and play tennis.
Boiled down to facts, the situation
involved a visit to the Levan home
of Garry's roommate and ex-room-
mate-both members Of his club, The
Cottage, at Princeton-and a days
visit from their homes, in or near
Columbus, of Kalbaugh and Kadlic.
No faint violation of the rule COW
ering preliminary practice was in
volved and no issue arose concerning
Evening star., 1934-10-12
YOUNG BOXERS OPPOSE.

The boxing team Of the Metropolitan
Boys Club will meet the Seat Pleas
ant (Md) Boys Club leather pushers
tonight at police precinct No. S, Fifth
and e streets southeast, starting at
Sis o'clock. rl.za.a>l "a
Evening star., 1934-10-12
Princeton Yarn Bunk.

TN THE above connection, no proof
more conclusive Of the manner
Of Yale foot ball this season is
needed than the scrupulously clean
play Of the Ellis against Columbia
Rough stuff, in the last analysis, is
merely an expression of inefficient
coaching and there is nothing at all
inept in the processes of teaching foot
ball at New Haven this Fall
Then rumors, reinforced by Ohio
newspaper clippings, spread through
New Haven and Cambridge to the
effect that Princeton had beaten the
gun in preparing for the foot ball
season.
Specifically. 1t was said that Garry
Levan, competent Princeton back.
had entertained the Princeton eleven
Evening star., 1934-10-12
NAVY IS FAVORED
TO DEFEAT TERPS
Manhattan Is Chosen Over
Georgetown, CoIonials
to Beat Citadel.
BY HERBERT w. BARKER,
Associated Press Sports Writer.

N YEW YORK, October l2.-Don-
N ming iron helmets for protec-
" tive purposes and operating on
the theory that the best de-
fense is q strong offense, foot ball
prognosticators plunged anew into
their weekly task today.
Utterly disregarding the explosions
of last week, here's how the slate for
today and tomorrow shapes up so far
as can be discerned from this neutral
corner:
Pitt-Southern California-the Pan
ther finally gets a shot at Howard
Jones men of Troy in his own back
yard. If Jock Sutherlands Huskies
don't get revenge for those Rose Bowl
wallopings of 1880 and 1888 it won't
be because they didn't Vy. Southern
California, soundly whipped by Wash
ington State, will present new line
up that may prove dangerous, but the
betting nevertheless is on Pitt.
Purdue -Notre Dame - both were
beaten in their debutS last week
Purdue will have Duane Purvis and
Jim Carter this week and the Boiler
maker attack should not stall so fire.
quently as it did against Rice. Strictly
on a hunch, though, this particular
guesser leans in the general direction
Of Notre Dame.
Evening star., 1934-10-12
RIGID CODE HOLDS
BIG THREE STEADY
Keep Tab on One Another,
but Harvard, Princeton,
Yale Obey Rules.
BY LAWRENCE PERRY.

N YEW YORK, October 12.-How
nj 60 things in the historic big
Y Three" one Of the last stands
Of the Anglo-Saxon and Celt
foot ball player2 Pretty well, is the
answer-considering the extreme del
icacy of relationship in this organiza-
ton.
AS with important European powers,
Yale, Harvard and Princeton always
have q lurking background Of menace
which, while not sufhcietly concrete to
bear close analogy to the Balkan sit
uation, may in general terms be COM
pared to it.
The three universities have a very
rigid and idealistic code of athletic
procedure which has proved influ-
ential in intercollegiate sport and to
which the trio subScribes, If not with
enthusiasm, at least in spirit of
purpose grimly high.
1t Is this triple agreement which Is
chiefly responsible for the Balkanish
rumblings and muffled reverberations
which are occasionally noted on the
Big Three" seismograph.
No Tricks BY Yale.
EOR example. Yale foot ball play
II ers reported at Gales Ferry day
and a half ahead of the time
prescribed for the assembling of foot
ball squads-two weeks before the
opening of college. Upon inquiry,
mild and somewhat quizzical, Harvard
learned that the Ellis INDUCED in no
practice until September Is. All they
did was to receive equipment and go
through a checking-up process.
This enabled them to get away to a
running start on the first day that
practice was permitted. Whether or
not this was an infraction of the
spirit of the rule is question; but
there Is no doubt that Yale's gifted
athletic lawyers were sound in their
opinion that no legal issue could be
raised.
Prior to this came rumors, in
herited from Spring practice at New
Haven last Spring, that the Yale
players were being taught methods
of play hardly likely to prove con-
ducive to the well being of future
opponents. Oficial inquiry on this
score caused some pain, but much
more amusement among the Yale
athletic authorities.