davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-12

In this connection nothing was said
OF the failure of the Units in the
heart Of the railroad territory to
build either the Party or the mass
organizations among railroad men.
Not word was said about the fall
ure OF the mass organizations in de-
cisive railroad districts to concentrate
among the railroad men. 1t was not
pointed out that this situation also
explains the failure of the Party TO
BUILD ITSELF among railroad men.
1t is important to note that no.
where in the Comrades speech was
the peculiar fact brought out that
most of the Units and the Party
fractions in the mass organizations
in the important railroad territories
do not know that railroad work Is
their major concentration!
This speech reflects an effort to
separate trade union from PARTY
work. 1t reflects the failure to re-
alize that concentration is not zone
branch of Party work along with
OeAASAOs Wv 10 1llC
work for the formation Of the main
base Of the Party in the big factories
in the basic branches of industry"
In polemizing against this position,
Comrade Stachel in the December
issue of the Communist points out
clearly that work in the A. r. OF L.
cannot be relegated to some future
specialists 1t must become q central
task of the Party as a whole, and all
the leading committees and Party
However, this theory Is not only
that Of this one comrade who ex-
pressed the wrong conception de-
scribed as above. For long time
railroad work In District 8 has been
considered solely the property Of the
railroad trade union fraction.
In trying TO correct the wrong ssss-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-12
Moss York Of the Party

In preparing for the Party every
Party member should study the 18th
below the first four main tasks
of the Communist Parties contained
"a The content and press
henceforth be addressed TO the broad poaa
the toers showing the face the aga
ton and in actions demonstrations
acions)
"b) Securing within possible decisive turn 30
the work the factories concentrating the
aon in the decisive enterprises and raising the political
the leadership given by the factory nuclei the daily struggles
co Putting end to the opporuns deea neglect
union work refors trade unions
and the fascist accordance with
the trade unions
% Really developing work tho unemployed carrying
on an unng night for social insurance for all kinds municipal
relief
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-12
55 Massachusetts Towns
Have Cut Budgets for
Education

ment, inability Of those who do work
to make a living wage, the type Of
person applying for charity today
has changed considerably. It is no
unusual thing TO see q M lie aged
woman standing in the city hail
where the department has its offices,
waiting to plead for a little food and
assurance that her rent will be paid
so that she and her family will not
be evicted.
Skilled Workers Families in Want
There were several women there
when I called. Their coats were old
and little threadbare. The dresses
were neat, clean, washed and
mended. They had worried, haggaSd
looks on their faces. These are the
women Of shoe workers who once
earned forty, fifty and sixty dollars
a week. They saved part of their
money and they lost it either in the
bank crashes or by slowly drawing on
it during the years of less than a
living wage. Today they plead for
bread and q roof. Their Jobs are
gone; several who had homes saw
them taken away; their children are
hungry. And over all is that dazed
air in which they walk about.
1 talked with several of them, one
in particular who seemed utterly be-
wlldered, and her answers we're the
answers of most Of them.
How long can this last?" you ask.
"ThiS pleading for charity?"
II don't know" she said tonelessIy.
What will you do if you can't get
charity any more-if things don't
pick up?"
II don't know" she repeated.
She was like the city she was ap-
pealing to for aid-dazed, crushed.
What will you do when you don't
get any more charity?"
She shrugged her shoulders hope
lessly.
"stsrve to death, I guess, she said
toneleSsly.
And your ehildren2"
A light appeared in her eyes. 1t
was the only sign of emotion she
showed.
"Ihey amt goln' to starye to
death. Everything1l be alright. May
be the President will pull us out Of
this"
1.-THE President will pull us out Of
this" Everywhere one goes one hears
that hopeful, almost prayerful repiti-
ton. All eyes are turned to Wash
ington. This MIRA. has meant
nothing to them except decreases In
wages, they all admit, the whole thing
has been "a flop" but there is nothing
else they know of, nothing else they
know that they can do except hope
that a man sitting in Washington
viii pull them out of this.
And suppose he doesn't" you ask.
II don't know don't know" they
keep repeating toneleSsly.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-12
Tables
Social Insurance
Bill at Mine Meet
By IOHN MULpOWNEY

WILKES-BARRE, Feb. IL, 49, The
rsaolution to endorse the Workers
Unemployment Insurance Bill re-
ceived great support from the rank
and file miners and delegates at the
special convention today of the An
5hracite Miners Union but Thomas
Maloney unanswered to have it
tabled. Maloney, district president Of
the union, said that the demand of
SO a week is unreasonable"
@. Moleski, State Vice-President of
The new union, spoke in favor Of the
bill and after it was tabled spoke
again and said, Now how are we 60
ing to face the unemployed miners?
Here we had a good chance to
really do something by passing this
bill and some people fought against
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-12
Negro, White Hotel
Workers Picket in
Pittsburgh Strike
One Shop Settles in Mill
tant Strike Led by
Industrial Union
BULLETIN

BULLETIN
PITTSBURGH, Pa.-The hotel
bosses here, faced with the un-
breakable militancy Of the strikers,
have asked for a conference with
the strike committee. Yesterday an
other sign Of the strong positions Of
the strike is the approach Of repre-
sentative Of the Industrial Rela-
lions Department of Harrisburgh
also asking for a conference.
PITTSBURGH, Feb. ia VIC
tory was registered in the hotel and
restaurant strike Of 450 workers here
Wednesday when the Dutch Henry's,
restaurant here, settled with the
Hotel and Restaurant Workers Union
affiliated with the Food Workers In
dustrial Union.
The strike began in the william
Penn Hotel and spread to the Pitt
Hotel. Both are still tied up. Militant
picketing takes place every day. The
Negro maids of the William Penn are
among the most militant and active
in the strike. There is g strong soil
darity between Negro and white work
ers.
TOO workers gathered at mass
meeting today vehemently rejected
Mayor McNairs orders that women
strikers be removed from the picket
line.
Organizer Reich spoke at A. F.. of L.
local 237 here and obtained pledges
Of support and fundc for the strike.
Liberals and professionals have
publicly expressed support of the
strike.
The red scare" used against the
union when the strike began has
failed. A vicious article appearing in
the liberal" Scripps- Howard paper,
the Pittsburgh Press, against Harry
Reich, organizer Of the union, also
failed to confuse the workers, but
aroused them instead.
Mayor william N. McNair tried to
weaken the strike by q sentimental
appeal to committee of strikers he
invited to his Office. He said it was a
shameful practice" for women to
picket in the cold weather and that
the large placards being carried were
a disgrace to the appearance Of Pitts
burgh.
Undaunted, the picket lines were
strengthened the next day with more
women on the line. Six strikers
arrested Wednesday, were discharged
the next day They are Mary Yurgitis,
Martha Williams and Mary Smith.
both Negroes, Joseph Emory, Philip
Morenor and Steve Sisdon.
Mention the Daily Worker when
addressing advertisers.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-12
BrOcktOn Fears Discontentof Underpaid
Teachers WiLIPaSS on to School Children

for those employed in the school sys-
tenn. Enlarged classes, inadequate
facilities, payless pay days and finally
a IS per cent reduction in pay has
been their lot. The teaching corps
were the first to offer a voluntary
contribution. Many of them have
been personally helping the parents
Of their pupils and the pupils who are
in want"
The average salary Of the school
teacher here is below that IF the
skilled shoe worker" according to the
Chamber of Commerce. The only
advantage the teacher has is en-
ployment over a longer period.
1t was when this situation became
acute and the mutterings of the
teachers and the parents became a
little too loud and insistent that the
wealthy manufacturers contributed
the money to keep the teachers
from spreading discomfort"
The curtailing of expenses here
brought the discharge Of the ID Of
the 1888 teachers two years ago. Last
year ten more teachers were let go so
that the total number now employed
is 378. The number of pupils also
dropped but they are few.
They might as well go to school, "
explained one mother. ''They can't
get a job anyway"
School Children Starving
During the past year 292 children
who seemed i'll when they appeared
in school were sent to the school
physician. Seventy-seyen out of
these were found to be suffering from
malnutrition. They were starving.
THE only thing the matter with
these children" the doctor reported,
is that they need a few good meals -
Since the parents themselves were
starving the teacher invariably
stuffed his hand in his own pocket
and out Of the salary which is lower
than skilled shoe worker, gave the
family money with which to buy
foCd.
The realization that it was essen
ttal to keep the teachers from be-
coming too discontinued applied also
to the unemployed. Brockton could
not afford, as a busy, thriving in
dustrial center" to have bread lines,
AID all during the years of depres-
sion it managed to avoid the sight of
men and women getting coffee and
a bit Of bread. It is mostly a family
town, and charity was distributed in
the homes.
Charity expenditures have risen
steadily as the depression became
deeper and even those who had a
little work could not earn enough to
live on. There are some IS charit-
able organizations depending upon
the Community Fund" drive for
money to take care of the needy. Be-
sides this the city Department Of
Welfare takes care of other cases.
Hunger Traced by Charity
The growth Of absolute poverty
and hunger in this city is shown by
the rise Of the city charity depart
ment:
In 1881 it spent $236,00O.
In 1882 it rose to $372,000.
In 1888, though the exact figures
are not in yet, it spent approximately
100000, according to the Depart
ment of Public Welfare.
Last year 700 more families had to
be helped than over the previous
year, "the department stated. ''These
applicants do not want charity. They
want work, but this is denied them"
With the bank crashes, unemploy-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-12
Arkansas-OklahOma
UMWA Members Call
Autonomy Meeting
1000 Teachers Take
Action in Chicago
To Win Back Pay
lspeeIaI b the DalIy Workerl

CHICAGO, Ill, Feb. Il. 49, -Four
thousand unpaid teachers, members
Of Chicago Division Illinois Teach
ers Association, in Auditorium The
atre yesterday defeated every motion
Of their leadership to sidetrack q
struggle for wages. The teachers de-
manded unifcation Of all teachers
organized and unorganized to pre-
sent united front in struggle.
Three plans were submitted to
the teachers as a possibility for uni
fication Of actions Of the teachers.
The plan supported by militant
teachers calls for establishing school
councils embracing teachers in ev-
cry school and electing delegates
from the school to a City Council
Of Teachers. One Of the other plans
supported by the steering commit
tee composed of officials Of the
teachers unions speaks only of
unity of the off1cialdom against par
ticipation of the rank and file in
formulating policies.
John Fewkes proposed a plan for
the election of teachers on the basis
of one for every Is teachers as
sembled and the election Of an ex-
ecutive committee. Such a plan has
as its main purpose the defeating
Of the plan for a school council I'M
der the cloak of democratic repre-
sentation. The teachers will vote
on all three plans during the week.
Militant teachers should vote on the
plan which proposes the formation
of school councils. Today at 10
am. the teachers will assemble
in 1e different parts Of the ci'' to
stage a demonstration for back
wages. Workers throughout the city
will support this demonstration.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-12

tude Of the District some railroad
comrades went to the opposite ex-
treme and committed the error of
refusing to accept any responsibility
for the failure TO build the Party
insisting that the Party must first
build the opposition movement In the
railroad unions and then from this
movement we will build the Party.
To mechanically raise the question
as TO which is to be built first, the
trade union opposition or the Party,
Is OF itself theory contrary to the
principles of concentration. For by
bringing the various campaigns and
struggles Of the Party and of the
mass organizations, such as the Lenin
Memorial, Scottsboro, Unemployment
Insurance, the Struggle Against War,
etc. TO the railroad workerS-and all
these issues affect railroad workers
as they do all other workers-we
establish close contact with this de-
ciSive section of American workers.
Along such lines we can win many
workers to the revolutionary move
ment who never would be reached
through the trade union movement.
1t would be wrong to expect the
Party Units and the Party Fractions
to hold up building the Party and
the Mass Organizations among rail-
road workers until we FIRST build
the trade union opposition. 1t should
be clear that by placing the question
in the light of one against the other,
we go to the opposite extreme OF mar
rowing down the methods to be used
and the forces to be involved in win
ming leadership Of the railroad work
ers.
A concluding article 70 take UP
tasks of concentration In the rail-
road industry win be Published To-
1snPRawp
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-12
Why the Open Letter Is Not Carried Out
In the Railroad Concentration Districts

EDITORIAL NOTE-The follow
ing is the first Of two articles deal
ing with concentration tasks and
applying the Open Letter in the
railroad industry. The second will
be published in tOmOrrow's Daily
Worker. These articles raise in
concrete way important problems of
work among railroad workers. In
connection with the pre-convention
discussion we urge Party members
in the railroad industry to send in
articles, letters and questions for
publication. In view of the strike
ballot being taken on the Chicago
q Northwestern Railway, indicative
VI the rising tide OF struggle among
ssilwsy workers, concentration
work on railroads becomes Of the
highest Importance. Send in your
contributions to this discussion.
Let as examine the railroad in
tustry. Surely It is one of the most
important center fields Of work.
Yet after years of resolutions and
ak about the railroad industry,
this remains-welI--un ter
ritory. Earl Browder's renort for
the Political Bureau at the Extraor-
binary Conference.)
Since the Extraordinary Conference
there has been an improvement in
the activity of our Party fraction in
opposition work in the Railroad
Brotherhoods. AS a result OF our in
creased activity, Is new railroad
groups have been formed. many Of
which are beginning to function. The
sale of Unity News, official organ of
the Railroad Brotherhoods Unity
Movement, has almost doubled.
In certain district, like Milwaukee
and the Far West, credit for the i'm
provement in the work is, to a large
extent, due to the active help and
guidance of the Party. But the same
cannot be said of work In the Con-
centration Districts. It surely can
not be said of District 8, which in
cludes Chicago and st. Louis, the
two largest railroad centers in the
country and in the world.
/ have just completed tour which
took me to the most important rail-
road points in District 8. My expert
ences show that the Open Letter and
the principles of concentration have
not yet become the property of the
Party.
st. Louis Does Not Know It's
Major Concentration
IN st. Louis and vicinity, the rail-
DAD men constitute the largest and
ne most important individual cate
workers, numbering close TO
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-12
Chicago MIX Drivers
Reject SIS Pay Slash

CHICAGO, Feb. 11.-Members of
the Milk Wagon Drivers Union
voted unanimously here Thursday
night to reject the IS wage-cut
proposed by the large milk con-
Germs through the union officials.
The present scale is $40 a week.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-12

Jay betWeen industry and one
OF its main adjuncts, the War
Department.
What may be expected from
any profit arrangement in war time
between the War Department and
the representatives of industry" is
SHOWN by the Graham committees
revelation of the diabolic disregard
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-12
Meet Feb. Is To Break
the Grip of Lewis
Snikebreakers
FOR RANK AND FILE
Demand Right To Elect
Their Own OhicialdOm

GREENWOOD, ARK. - Arkansas
Oklahor-- miners have called a rank
md file convention to meet in Fort
Smith, Arkansas, February IS, to
take" autonomy for District a
U.M.W.A. David Fowler, appointed
~ John L. Lewis as district presi
lent, has outlawed the convention by
issUing a warning to ali local unions
. the effect that no loyal" member
f the UMW.A. viii attend this con
~cntion
The fight for autonomy in the
Arkansas Oklahoma field is a fight
Of the rank and file for the right 10
elect their own officials and repre-
sentatives. The convention has been
called after the miners exhausted
very other means to secure this de-
-ired freedom.
When the coal code was being
formed they struck against the pro
posed wage scale This strike was
1roken by Fowler, Lewis fiunkey The
miners then appealed TO the provi
ional labor board CNR.A.) for this
''~trict but were refused.
Protests we're sent to Gen. johnson
nd President Roosevelt, but neither
Of these gentlemen would take a
hand in favor of the miners An
appeal was made to the Internationsl
Executive Board Of the U.MW.A., but
t was totally ignored. The miners
hen appealed to the international
Convention of the U.MW.A that has
uSt ended its session at Indianapolis
stating that il the desired autonomy
7as not granted them that they were
7oing to call a convention and take
his autonomy
The UM.W.A. convention ended
without this autonomy being granted
so the convention has been called.
At this convention a new constI-
tuition is TO be drafted and prepare
tons made for the election OF rank
md file officials. The miners STATE,
that this is to be a fight against ind
7flcials of the UM.W.A, the MIRA.
n anything else that stands in their
Tay Of choosing their own officials
I. L. d. AIDS DRIVE
BOSTON, MaSs.-The Internatioua
Labor Defense branch IN Wakefield Is
7ctive getting new readers for the
Daily Worker among railroad work
RS, to help put the circulation drive
over the top. Members Of this branch
find it easier to get more I. L. D
members by selling the Daily" ana
other revolutionary literagga ID
workers. x
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-12

Ior life that cor
roded nearly every
cog Of the War
Department. In
dustlial organiza-
ton during the
World War.
In the Graham
committees re-
port made to the
House Of Repre-
Sentatiyes on July
%, 1919, relating
to the War De-
partment's nom
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-12
NEW ENGLAND TouR or rn1RonrAux

NEW ENGLAND TOUR OF TBIBoDEAUx
The schedule Of the tour Of Norman
rhibodesux, Donald Burke and Scottsboro
Film is: Lawrence Msyfower Hall, 2e2
Essex St, Monday, Feb. IL. Haverhill -
Calvary Baptist Church, - Ashland St.,
Tuesday IS. Worcester Washburn Hall,
Mechanics Bldg. Thursday IS. Providence
ODD Fellows Hall, $40 Cranston St., Friday
is. Boston-Dudley Opera House, lI3 Dudley
ST., Saturday II. Quincy-Moose Hall, 1912
Hancock ST., Sunday 10, 2:30 p. m. Chelsea
Labor Lyceum, 453 Broadway, Monday 49,
Malden-Tuesday 20. Lynn-At L L. D.
Dance, Russian Club, Wednesday 81.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-12

it on the grounds that Communists
are backing it, I'm not a Commu-
mist, but this bill is the best thing
I ever heard and I'm for It."
Maloney has no objection 10 his
81, 400 year salary.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-12
WALL STREETS
CAPITOL
By SEYMOUR WALDMAN-
By SEYMOUR WALDMAN

WASHINGTON Feb 9-The present rumpus and 'investi-
cation" of certain War Department contracts remind
that capitalist glory is very profitable business And spec
eay that lucrative contracts being entered into every
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-12

A concluding article 70 take UP
tasks of concentration in the rail-
road industry win be published To-
morrow.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-12

Mention the Daily Worker when
addressing advertisers.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-02-12
!. Louis Does Not Know It's
Major Concentration

In st. Louis and vicinity, the rail-
DAD men constitute the largest and
ne most important individual cate
workers, numbering close 10
Evening star., 1934-08-23
Store Closed All Day Saturday. Shop Tomorrow!

PARKING AT JELLEFF'S
We glad your free for you the STREET FOR
THE FIRST HOUR while you shop with When parking
limit of hour it will be necessary to the
parking lot where charges will be 5c hour Our chauf
eurs will call for and deliver your door at extra
charge.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1934-08-22
CREDIT UNIONS TO
ADuTTLE FELLOW
Small Cooperative Thrift and
Lending institutions Will Be
Organized

Washington, Aug. %. - F) - The
farm credit administration started
promoting the idea of credit unions
Wednesday to help the little fellow
who needs cash.
Under the federal credit union act.
it will oversee the organization Of
such unions throughout the country.
Governor William I. Myers announced
the appointment of Claude r. Or
chard of Omaha as assistant director
of the credit union section to assist
Herbert Emmerich, acting director.
Credit unions, Myers explained, are
cooperative thrift and lending insti-
tutions organized by seven or more
persons. Their chief aims are to en-
courage thrift and lend money to their
members only for provident or pro-
ductive purposes.
THE law was enacted to permit
people of small means to borrow
money from their fellow workers. as
sociates, or neighbors. through credit
unions formed for the purpose. and
to encourage them to save" Myers
said.
Application forms for union char
tiers will be ready at district offices
of the farm credit administration
shortly after Sept. /, Myers said. Dis
trict offices include st. Paul.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1934-08-22
CHEERED BY
BOYCOTT STRENGTH
Geneva Conference Declares
Fight to Finish Against Ger.
man Naziism

Geneva, Aug. 22-tPt-Reports from
the old and new worlds Of the success
o, q trade boycott against Germany
cheered delegates to the third world
Jewish conference Wednesday.
Members from the United States,
Great Britain, France, Belgium and
Poland, among others, said the fight
against Nazi anti-Semitism was sue
cessful in their countries.
Many gentiles, especially In the
United States, we're reported to have
Joined the boycott.
A communique by the boycott COM
mission said the program would be
redoubled and put through to q fin
ish-until Jews are restored to their
rights in Germany.
Creation Of center to direct world
Jewry in fight against discrimina-
ton and establishment of q central
office Of propaganda to support the
boycott were recommended.