Evening star., 1934-03-11
1Y SARAH @. BOWERMAN
Explaining Our Economic Measures and the
Subject Of Money-Ne70 Fiction and
Some Biography.

Analytical Study in American Foreign Pol.
icy BY Charles A. Beard. With the collab-
Grafton of G. H. E. Smith. New York: The
Macmillan Co.
I UNDERLYING theory not bare historical
~ fact, is sought and subjected TO searching
criticism by the author of The Rise of Amer
ican Civilization in this first volume of a work
intended to construct a consistent and tenable
philosophy of national interest Much study
of diplomatic documents, congressional debates
and state papers has gone into its preparation
The key question asked in connection with all
the international relations analyZed Is What
is national INTEREST,"" DR.. Boards answers
differ widely from those which have been made
by implication directly by our Government
at various times He states categOrcally that
the historic system of national interest is chal-
lenged by fact and policy. Our Constitution in
its inception and in its Interpretation by sue
ceeding administrations has shown a changing
idea of national interest. AS visioned by Ham
ilton, national interest was very definite
consolidation of commercial, manufacturing
financial and agricultural interests at home;
promotion of world trade through diplomacy,
defense of trade through powerful Navy,
Supremacy of the United States in the western
Hemisphere" and the use of Army and Navy
TO secure economic advantages for citizens.
This ideal became the historic system. Its
working out through the years of our national
life forms the subject of DR.. Boards discussion
Many illustrations given from our dlplo-
matte history.
The growth Of the idea of international CO.
operation has undermined complete belle1 In
the historic system. In the section National
Interest Under the Roosevelt Administration"
Dr. Beard indicates lack of unity of opinion
on foreign relations Some leaders occupy
middle position between ultra -natlonallsm and
thorough internationalism; others incline to
economic natonalism a return to certain ex-
fapt to Ioffp
changing policies at present, DR.. Beard believes
that the two inherited conceptions of national
interest (the Hamiltonian and the Jefferson
ian) are in process of fusion and dissolution A
new conception with a positive core and nebu-
lous implications, is rising out of the past and
is awaiting formulation at the hands of a
statesman as competent and powerful as Ham
iton Jefferson"
WENT TO PIT COLLEGE. BY Lauren Gilfl-
lam New York: The Viking Press
EXPERIMENTAL sociology. pursued without
L regard for personal ease and comfort, may
lead to the same conclusions as that OF the
text books and the college class room but 1t
makes a much more profound impression upon
the experimentaliSt Lauren Gilflllan was born
in the slums of Washington, D. c.. where her
parents social workers She attributes to
her heredity and environment her 'twenty-four
wears penchant for buns" When. in 1881,
new Smith College graduate. she could not ind
a job she decided to do what she had always
had desire to do-investigate the manner OF
life of some of the people who hgure IN the
newspapers in the reports OF social workers, IN
sociological books, as social problems. She
chose the miners of a town near Pittsburgh
and went to Pit College" for graduate course.
A. Aveonia she secured hospitality In the
Konnecheck cabin and on her first morning
started out early, clothed in a faded calico
- tolyo of f11o cfyik
and before the day was over found herself going
to Pittsburgh with truckload OF miners chill
dren "to git relief"
Dressed as a boy she went down into the
mines as "scab" stood picket with the Str1k-
ers shared their beans and potatoes and bad
coffee at the relief kitchen. went back to her
unlighted room in the Konnecheck shanty at
night, washed from the pitcher of stale, sui
phury water which little Yren told her would
make her hair fall out, After an effort, uncom-
pretended by Grandma Konnecheck, to secure
some warm water for bath, she reflected with
heat: Never again can any one, unchallenged,
remark in my presence, The poor can at least
be clean!" Returning weary and grimy from
the mine at night, she longed to snatch from
the fingers of big Archie. Grandma's son, the
cigarette which he was rolling|but Il knew that
miners do not approve of girls smoking Her
descriptions of individual miners and their
families in Avelonia their family affairs and
degree OF poverty, which she came to know
well, make story of average humanity caught
in economic trap. Miss Gilf1llan won the
friendship of the Avelonans. though they all
discovered that she used a typewriter in the
Konnechecks kitchen, by the light of pit
lamp, and called her ''the writer from New
York" and they confded in her their histories
of hardsl1ips, griefs and pnchingS poverty. After
a time she moved to the tiny Cersil farm, where
there was a greater degree of comfort, and
where Johnny aged 10, was grief-stricken when
the time came for her departure. After an
illness. she left Avelonia-but the miners had