davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1934-01-01
Wars End in Western World
Hailed in Latest Armistice

hood and the treasure Of its citizens"
In the truce" according to the Provi-
dence Journal. the United States has
had an important part. Indeed, Sec
retary OF State Hull is credited with
having been the principal factor in the
peace movement, proceeding quietly
and automatically, graciously permit
ting others to have the larger apparent
influence. but employing vigorous Ian
guage behind the scenes. II Bo-
livia's recent reverses are taken as an
excuse for granting Paraguay 100 per
cent OF her claims. the century-old
dispute will break out afreSh. Paraguay
is entitled to recognition for her sue
ceSsful military campaign. but Bolivia
must not be ruthlessly Inundated. Thefe
Is room in the jungles and prairies Of
the Chaco Boreal for both these am
bilious nations"
Directing attention 10 the fact that
purchase and arbitration have been
used instead Of force in territorial mat
ters on this side of the water" the
Chicago Tribune adds that "if the
American tradition had prevailed Para
quay and Bolivia would have avoided
an ugly conflict" The Danbury News
Times states. The interest of the
United States is more largely in Bolivia.
which owes US more, buys more goods
Of us. and Is more definitely under our
way Of administering finance and gov
eminent. The conditions which have
enabled this much smaller state to gain
such marked military advantages over
a much larger state are not at this
moment clear"
Evening star., 1934-01-01

dustry will increase thirty per cent, with
corresponding improvement in training
and technical qualifications. The num-
Der OF those in all schools-primary 10
universities to rise from 24,20o,000
to $4,000. 900. Wages are to go up, the
cost Of living down. The needs OF the
people generally are to receive more
consideration than under the original
five-year plan.
From the standpoint of other coun-
tries, this incredible undertaking has
two phases Of vital interest. In the
first place, it should provide q rich
market in Russia for materials and ma
chinery from countries like the United
States, capable of supplying them
in practically inexhaustible quantities.
There should be an equivalent demand
for foreign engineering skill In the
second place. assuming the program
is ever carried into execution, it would
enable Russia to be a mighty COM
petitor for world trade, while making
her self-sufficient and less and less
dependent on imports from abroad.
Two questions suggest themselves.
Where is the Soviet going to get the
money or the vast credits to finance
such vaulting ambitions. And, grant
ed that they materialize, how are the
Russians going to guard against an
other food of overproduction both at
home and abroad, like the one that
almost choked industrial countries to
death when depression checked it four
years ago?
The Soviet planners have launched
program that is challenging in its i'm
mensity, but savors in many respects
of the fantastic
Evening star., 1934-01-01
A Year of Profound Change.

As this little globule of matter which
We call the earth circles around its
major planet, which we call the sun,
the element we know as time is divided
into cycles known as years. And as
the years come and go we measure our
lives and we mark our activities in
terms of comparison. Perhaps we, the
dwellers on this to us vast globe, yet
an insignificant item in the cosmos of
universal matter, are the only creatures
of our kind. Nobody knows of others,
nobody can know positively So to us
the years are our years and we reckon
them as milestones in our existence.
So fixed is the measurement of this
passage Of time that we come 10 iden-
tify the years with characteristics
year Of plenty, year of sorrow, q
year Of progress, a year Of change. Yet
in the longer measurement the scale
Evening star., 1934-01-01

Of existence, not only Of the individual
but of the race and of the vast or
ganization called the solar system. there
are only little differences between the
cycles.
In reckoning the happenings OF the
year that passes we can see that q
profound change has taken place IL the
affairs of that fraction of humanity
that peoples this country. A yeritabie
revolution has occurred, a revolution of
thought and Of political administration
The year 1893 was one Of change. and
the year 1884 will be different in the
matter OF relationships, activities, per-
formances and aspirations In conse-
quence of that change.
The past year was marked by a
climax In an economic depression which
began In 1929. At least it Is thought
to have been a climax, the turning
point. Extraordinary measures were
adopted to meet an unprecedented sit
uation affecting virtually the entire
population. Those measures are not
yet fully developed. Some OF them
may become permanent features of the
economic and administrative system
OF the country. Some may pass with
the emergency. But it is plain that
the old order will not return in all
respects and that the new deal" will
in many particulars become fixed as
far as anything can be permanent in
human affairs.
Despite the great changes that have
taken place In the fortunes Of indi-
viduals, there has been no actual de-
struction. Some seemingly established
institutions have been shaken, even to
demolition, but in their place have
come other, and it is hoped stronger,
institutions. In place Of old thoughts
have come new ideas Of government
and administration and business. The
prayer of the people is that these
changes are for the good OF mankind,
and particularly for the strengthening
Of the structure of law and the proc
esses of orderly living.
Evening star., 1934-01-01

speech seems to have made in the i'm
portant capitals OF the world. despite
its criticism of foreign political leaders,
The speech pleased both Paris and
Berlin, an amazing achievement Al
though the President definitely declared
that the United States does not con-
template joining the League of Nations,
even Geneva finds grains of comfort
in what he had to say about the
Leagues Importance as a prop in the
worlds peace structure" Japan, too.
at which many commentators thought
the President was thrusting in his ref
erences to aggression. along with Ger
many, has registered appreciation of the
Rooseveltian sentiments. All in all
the President has acquired fresh laurels
as a diplomat.
Once again President Roosevelt has
drafted a newspaper man for the diplo-
matte service. William H. Hornibrook
editor and publisher of the Salt Lake
City Times, has just been appointed
Minister to Persia. He has been active
in Democratic politics in Oregon and
Idaho as we'll as Utah. During the
Wilson administration Mr.. Hornibrook
was Minister to Siam. At Teheran he
will supplant another newspaper man
and former Washington correspondent,
Charles c. Hart AS Minister to the
Netherlands. President Roosevelt is
sending an old personal friend and for
mer law partner. Grenville T. Emmett
of New York. whose firm he joined
Immediately after the Cox Roosevelt
presidential campaign of 1920. Mr..
Emmet is a descendant Of the famous
Irish patriot Robert Emmet. Like the
President, he's a Harvard man, class
of 1898.
Mrs. Virginia Ellis Jenckes. Demo-
crat, who represents the sixth (Terre
Haute) district of Indiana in the House
of Representatives is acquiring a repu-
tation for energetic activity that is not
only the envy of her sister Congress-
women. but of her male colleagues
Mrs. Jenckes. who defeated the Re-
publican veteran. Fred S. Purnell. in
1882. has been on the job at Washing
ton during most of the late con-
gressional recess. onitting no opportu-
nity to go to bat for Hoosier interests.
as they were affected by recurring re-
covery development. At present Mrs
Jenckes is bucking Mr.. Hopkins Fed
eral Surplus Relief Corporation, She
in her State should be confined to the
products of Indiana mines The F. S.
r. C. takes issue with that contention
X X
BILL" F. Schilling of Minnesota.
dairyman member of the late Federal
Farm Board, has sent Washington
friends a New Year greeting in the
form of witty pamphlet entitled: eve
Damphool Farmers" with characteristic
references to A. A. A. N. R. A. and
other members of the alphabet family.
The booklet is dedicated to Schilling's
old co-workers. whom he thus describes: !:
"The best bunch of loyal. human CO.
operators that ever existed-who fought.
bled and were cussed for their activities
on the Federal Farm Board in the hu-
midity and heat OF Washington for
four Summers without the comforting
influence of air-cooled, refrigerated.
shower bath equipped Offices"
Copyright, 1934)
Evening star., 1934-01-01
HurIeys Bridge to France.

Prom the San Jose Mercury Herald
The recent death Of Edward n. Hur-
ley Of Chicago, wartime head of the
United States Shipping Board and
Emergency Fleet Corporation, recalls
his immense achievement as the builder
Of that Bridge to France over which
the armies OF the United States poured
into war-torn Europe to Join with
the allies.
And the colossal effort and expendi-
lures involved in the building of that
3000mile- e-long bridge Of vessels. created
almost overnight. points the moral to
story Of half a century OF unpre-
paredness.
For had the United States not aban-
doned all thought of maintaining and
developing a merchant marine during
the period in our national life defined
by the close OF the American Civil War
and the outbreak of the world conflict.
no such great effort and greater ex-
pense would have been required
AS II was, and because the American
flag had been permitted to disappear
from the seven seas TO an extent which
found US in 1914 carrying less than 10
per cent of our own overseas trade, il
cost us as Nation about three and
one-half billions Of dollars to build a
wartime feet. And before We built it
We had already paid millions to Euro
pean nations in exoFbitant freight
rates and had lost millions in jettisoned
cargoes which had rotted on our piers
for lack OF bottoms to carry them.
Today that Bridge to France" is
still costing US about 100000, 900
year In interest alone. And when the
war came to a conclusion We were still
lacking in merchant marine equipped
to meet the requirements Of modern
commerce.
Mr. Hurley's was a brilliant, hos
torically memorable work. But the
need for him to undertake 1t should
never have existed
Evening star., 1934-01-01
New Year.

The FIRST day of the new year
has no significance other than that
which is given to it by the imagination
of mankind. It differs from its neigh
bors in the calendar only as it IS
endowed with a special meaning by
those who rise with its dawn, WORK
or play through its daylight hours and
rest through its evening. The environ
mental conditions which surround 1t
do not alter. Men and women expert
,nce no miraculous metamorphosB OF
character because of it. Every circum-
stance of human existence will be to-
morrow almost exactly the same as II
was yesterday
But it is interesting to consider the
possibilities Of such new start. such
a new beginning, as New Year might
mean were the multitudeS OF the earth
willing that it should be so. A planet
unthreatened by war, unassaileo by pow
erty. unendangered by partisan STRIFE
and class prejudice, unchallenged by
doubt or despair is not beyond the
range of the dream or Of the achieve
ment of the race So many victories
have been won. there is reason to be-
lieve that other. even greater, conquests
may be accomplished. The progress
humanity has achieved is an earnest
of further advance. There is rational
ground for hope
The difficulty, of course. lies in the
restrictive power Of habit. Human
psychology and conduct are so rigidly
governed by patterns that it requires
prpdigious strength of will, monumental
courage, to reform. It is because OF
this fact that New Year resolutions
are an object of jesting and ridicule
And vet individuals do change. Some
compelling event, some extraordinary
compulsion, on occasion provides the
opportunity for an escape from routine
Also there is the slow, gradual move
ment which is called social evolution,
the -indefnable trend out of the past
into the future: and critics have ex-
pressed the conviction that there has
been a noteworthy acceleration of pace
during the first third of the twentieth
century.
But doubtless it is an academic
vanity to debate the subject. The
children of men are on the march,
and that is all that really matters.
Hope stimulates the millions as 1884
comes in, and the influence OF that
optimism is an asset, not liability,
in the human mind and heart. The
new year will be what the people
OF the world make it. II it is not an
annus mirabihs, there need be no COM
plant. 1t will lead to still another
year and another chance. And step
by step the race will struggle upward
out of the darkness into the light.
Evening star., 1934-01-01
Russia's Fabulous Plan.

Whatever else can be said about
Soviet planned economy" it does not
lack capaciouSness Of conception, De-
tails of the new five-year industrial
plan stagger the imagination. They
comprehend a project so gigantic as
TO dwarf the l927-l932 plan which
Russia sprang upon an incredulous
universe. The Soviet has made long
strides toward the completion Of the
original scheme. 1t may not have
panned out as fully as the Kremlin
would like the world to believe, but
enough was accomplished to command
respect even for this Brobdingnagian
new enterprise If it is only approx
mately carried out, the result will be
TO convert the Soviet Union into one
of the formidable industrial powers
Of the globe.
A few figures illustrate the plans
magnitude. 1t is proposed by 1887 to
begin or finish 447 giant projects
capable of producing annually goods
worth $5l ,OOO, 100000 at nominal values,
or a gain of about 240 per cent over
1882 output. This would represent in
rreases to as high as 837 per cent pro-
duction in the case of automobiles.
Consumers manufactured goods would
increase by 308 per cent; foodstuffs, by
e06; tractors, by 1928; machine build
ing, by 227; coal, by 235; oil, by 213;
big iron, by 1872; steel, by 35; copper,
by 1872: timber, by 174; agriculture, by
400, and live stock, by 225.
To achieve increase in production,
Che Soviet would start 178 new coal
mines, IL iron mills, 90 oil-cracking
and 46 refining plants, 2 copper works,
4 aluminium plants, Is cotton mills, 18
knitting mills, IL silk mills, and 81
shoe manufactures. In the food in
nustry % new meat-packing plants
are contemplated.
Seven thousand mile more of rail-
road lines would connect the most
vital links in the new industrial chair
and increase freight haulage one ane
one e-haf times. 1t is expected that thu
number Of workers and employees In In
Evening star., 1934-01-01

Nothing is more important in amateur
photography than background.
It's consideration is more necessary,
even, than that of the principal figure
This is well to keep in mind shortly
after Christmas, when hundreds OF
youthful photographers will begin 10
unlimber the cameras Santa Claus
brought them.
The expert will know all this and
more, but the newcomer to most de-
lightful avocation or occupation, which
ever he intends to make OF 1t, often
does not realize it enough.
He may read about background in MS
book of instructions, but he does nol
consciously realize its Importance. he
does not use his eyes enough.
One may feel, therefore, that If the
point Is brought home, here and now
consciously, to the freshest amateurs In
a charming art, there will be less spoiled
film, better and more satisfactory prints
Under or over exposure IS not the
only way of spelling a picture.
1t can be done just as effectively by
including some unwanted object.
Often this inclusion is not noticed
even in the print-but it spoils the pic
ture, just the same, and even the anna
teur realizes that something Is wrong
He may not know exactly what, but
he knows that the picture Is someho"
disappointing.
Eternal vigilance is necessary, II one
wants to keep out of pictures Wnal
should not be there.
solely of the lnnrOmDtll
shots which most persons take from
time to time, whether with expensive
or cheap cameras.
Sometimes these are posed affairs, al
other times strictly on the instant.
Haste, however, is not the real rea-
Sson for failure to give the background
its due.
The main reason, one may feel con-
vinced is too much concentration or
the subject. =
Consideration for background ought
to come first, rather than second, OF
not at all
Granted that there must be some,
thing appealing to take picture OF, II
the first place, after that thouen'
should be given to what lies behind
around or near the main subject.
Normally the newcomer gives TINS
never a glance. Often enough the en-
thusiastic amateur. sometimes OF many
years standing, fails in this consider
alton.
He feels the urge to take picture,
and he starts operations with his at
tention focused on the theme or SUBJ
ject.
So far, so good
There is no other way to begin eX'
cept to begin.
The subject comes first. but after il
the background. because If the latter
is given no thought at all, some woefu
negatives can result.
These will be not bad in essentials
perhaps. but far from that perfect pic
ture every one hopes for, not only IL
catching the real looks Of a person
broader field generally spoken of under
the name Of composition.
Whether the amateur realizes 1t OF
not, he is dealing with composition
every time he levels his camera.
Even when he realizes it, he car
make enough mistakes in regard TO j
how much less of a chance to secure
pleasing pictures he has when he re-
fuses totally to consider it!
Now composition, whether in writing
or photography or stage craft, is not &
mysterious factor necessarily wrapped
Evening star., 1934-01-01

The year 1888 was an eventful one
throughout the world. The word nor
malcy" was made prominent by the late
President Harding. In connection with
all the planning for betterment it re-
mains as significant as ever.
Evening star., 1934-01-01

A few members of Congress might
join some of the eminent economists in
admitting they do not understand all
about money If they were not afraid
of being overheard by their constituents.
Evening star., 1934-01-01

Returning Senators and Representa-
tives may exclaim How familiar every
thing about the old place looks!" but
when the speeches start, number of
gentlemen may have to admit that it
sounds differently.
Evening star., 1934-01-01
Railroad Rate Reductions.

From the Omaha World-HeraId.
Railroads have found business SO good
with the 2-cent fare they have reduced
again to 1.8 cents. Young lady across
the way says, Think of the crowds they
would have If they eliminated the
charge altogether.
Evening star., 1934-01-01

Night life in Paris is described as
being no longer gay. 1t never was as
genuinely gay as the imaginations of
abundant and opulent Americans once
pictured it.
Evening star., 1934-01-01
Rate by Mail-Payabie in Advance.
MARYLAND and Virginia.
All Other States and Canada.
Member Of the Associated Press.

The Associated Press is exclusively entitieo
70 the use for republication OF all news ols-
patches credited to it or not otherwlse cre1-
tied in this paper and also the locai ne~ss
unfinished herein. All rights OF publication oi
special dispatches herein are also reserved
Evening star., 1934-01-01

President Roosevelt's messages are
not usually formidable in length. The
art of employing language for the con-
cealment of thought evidently does not
especially appeal to him.
Evening star., 1934-01-01

Happy New Year greetings from Hitler
cannot be regarded as a success. He
has indicated too many mental reserva-
tons.
Evening star., 1934-01-01
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.

A Happy New Year.
'Tis Happy New Year once again,
As time goes on its way.
This happiness-we wonder when
It's due to fade away.
But every day begins a year,
To last a twelve month thence.
AS joys and sorrows disappear
Into the past immense.
Then let us be prepared to say
In friendliness sincere.
"A Happy New Year" for each day
In all the coming year.
Evening star., 1934-01-01
Preseryatiyes.

From the Fort Worth starTelegTan.
They Gy that there is a diSLllCt OdT
OF camphor about --u1ov1e' studio.
Can it be that casual persons cannot
detect the difference in the odors of
camphor and formaldehyde?
Evening star., 1934-01-01
Mutual Surprise.

From the Rochester Times-Union.
1t seems there is danger in carrying
courtesy too far. On the Chicago Ele-
waited a man gave woman seat. She
tainted On recovering, she thanked
him. Then he tainted.
Evening star., 1934-01-01

Details of industry are so complicated
that almost every N. r. A. code becomes
q New Year resolution unto itself.
Evening star., 1934-01-01
Balancing,

From the Cincinnati Times-Star.
Years Of exercise in straddling the
fence never equipped a politician for
the more ardpcus feat of balancing the
buc
Evening star., 1934-01-01
Weather Guessing.
From the Pasadena

From the Pasadena Post.
The habit Of reading the weather pre-
dictions and then guessing what the
weather is to be seems about as firmly
fixed as any.
Evening star., 1934-01-01
The Pun Courteous.
Popularity.

POpuiarlty.
The gentle Congressman draws nigh
And looks with a defiant eye
On the professor learned, who
Attempts to tell him what to do.
He says, When all is said and done,
In voting you count only one.
I'd rather, in this present scheme,
Exchange you for your foot ball team" !"
you kin turn over a new leaf today"
said Uncle Eben, land keep on turnin'
'em one day after another, wifout a
chance dat you won't find de story
mighty interestin'."
Evening star., 1934-01-01
Degrees,

From the Omaha World-Herald.
Six college graduates have applied for
Jobs with the Omaha police force
Holders of A. b: and M. A. degrees ouqht
to be able to administer the third.
Evening star., 1934-01-01
Tavern..

From the Rockford Register-Repubfis.
Certain persons continue to insist that
the new tavern is the old saloon with a
hair cut and shave.
Evening star., 1934-01-01

Resolution.
Have you made your New Year res
olution?"
Yes" answered Senator Sorghum.
I'm going to quit arguing and go back
to my old method of campaigning"
What is that?"
Say nothing and just keep shaking
hands"
Jud Tunkins says when you think
maybe q man is trying to fool you it's
best to be as polite as possible and let
him tell you all about it.
Evening star., 1934-01-01
ImpOlite Publicity.

ImpOlite Publicity.
My radio! My radio!
BY you I am amazed.
Good taste you do not always show
In wares that you have praised.
sometimes fear it might be wise,
AS loudly you persist,
To chop the things you advertise
Out of my shopping list.
The Pun Courteous.
eve shall soon be looking at life
through rosy glasses"
Thank you for the assurance, my
dear professor" said Miss Cayenne.
And until that happy time arrives we
will depend on you to cheer us by let
ting us look at life through peda-
goggles
1--WE are all generous at heart" said
Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, "but we
cannot be scientifically exact in deciding
from whom we shall take in order to
give to others"
Evening star., 1934-01-01
Night Final Edition.

Night Final and Sunday Star zoe per month
Night Final star ooS pe4 AAoH
C,oIIeetIon made at the end of each month.
Orders may be sent in by mail or telephone
National 5000.
Evening star., 1934-01-01

Sign of Better Times.
From the Pasadena Post.
Export Of cotton goods has dropped
Perhaps the people of Europe are pros
perous enough to wear silk now.
Evening star., 1934-01-01
THEODORE W. MOVES. =. Editor
The Evening Star Newspaper Company

1Ith St. and Pennsylvania Ave.
New York once: ITO East 42nd st.
Chicago once Lake Michigan Building.
European once: IA Regent ST., London,
England.
Evening star., 1934-01-01
Rate BY Carrier Within the City.

VIA Evening Star. 45c per month
The Evening and Sunday Star
(when Sundays ooc per month
Ehe Evening and Sunday Star .,.
(when Sundays. ....... .ooc per montn
Ma &c per CODY
Evening star., 1934-01-01

O. Which Of Napoleons brothers and
sisters resembled him the most?-L. T.
A. 1t is said that IN character Elise
resembled the Emperor the most. Phys
ically, the brother Lucten was the most
like him.