davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-03-31
Ladies' Auxiliary to Meet

Ladies auxiliary of the Caledon-
ian Club will meet at 2 Wednesday
with Mrs. Eva Moffit, SOLO Guilford
avenue. Mrs. Annie Fife will pre-
side.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-03-31
Old Business Sold
BIZ Times Special

BIZ Times Special
KOKOMO, March 31.-The John
E. Williams grocery and meat mar
ket. oldest business of its kind in
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-03-31
ROOSEVELT IN BAHAMAS
President to Fish and Swim at
AbacO Island.

By Unlted Press
MIAMI, Fla, March 31.-Presi-
dent Roosevelt, aboard the yatch
Nourmahal, proceeded to Great
Abaco island in the Bahamas today
Tor further fishing and swimming.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-03-31
WFBM (1230) indianapolis
Power and Light Company
SATURDAY

?. NJ.
5:30-Marimba band
5:45-George Hall orchestra (CBSl.
6:00-Medical Association bulletin
6.15-Pirate Club
6:30-American Mixed quartet (CBS).
6:45-CowboyS.
7:00-Bohemians
7:45-Trade and Mark (CBS).
8:00-PlayboyS (CBSl.
8:15-AleXander Woolcott (CBS).
8:30-George JesSel (CBS)
9:00-Byrd Expedition Broadcast (CBS).
9:30-Leaders in Action (CBS).
9:45-Gus Arnheim orchestra tCBS).
10:00-Atop the Indiana roof.
1015-News (CBSl.
10:20-Ann Leaf tCBS).
10:30-Louie Lowe orchestra
1l:00-Little Jack Little orchestra (CBS)
n.30-Charlie Davis orchestra (CBSl.
l2:00-Atop the Indiana roof.
l2.l5-Sien off
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-03-31
SUNDAY

A NJ
8:Oo-Easter Service from Fl. Benjamin
Harrison.
9.00-Jake's entertainers.
9:30-Christian Men Builders.
1890 to 12-Silent
l2.00-Bible School program.
P. NJ.
1:30-Hollywood Show (CBS).
2:OO-Philharmonic-Sy Symphony o n c e t
(CBSl
4:00-Wheeler Mission program.
4:30-BakerS tCBSl
5:00-Columba Artists (CBSl
5:30-Second Presbyterian church.
6:O0-Eddie South orchestra tCBSl.
6:l5-Welch Madrigal choir (CBSl.
6.S0-Jordan Conservatory program.
6.45-Rin-TinTin tCBSl
7:00-Evening in Paris tCBSl.
7.3O-Waring' Pennsylvanians (CBS(,
S.00-Seyen-Star revue (CBSl.
9.O0-Salon orchestra.
9,3O-Plano Twins.
9:45-Message from Governor McNutt.
l0:00-Atop the Indiana roof
l0I5-Little Jack Little orchestra (CBS)
10. 45-Fr1tz Miller orchestra Chs
l1:O0-Charlie Davis orchestra tCBSl.
II S0-Henry BusSe orchestra (CBS).
12:O0-Atop the Indiana roof.
A. NJ
l2:15-Sign off
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-03-31
WKBF (14OO) indianapolis
indianapolis BroadcaSting,
GATTTR nav

SATURDAY
4.l5-INo Zoilo orchestra (NBCl.
4:30-News flashes
4.45-Afternoon Melodies.
5:00-CedarS of Lebanon (NBCl
5.3O-Twenty Fingers of Harmony (NBC)
S:45-Little Orphan Annie (NBC].
6:00-John Herrick fNBC)
6.lS-Dr. Stanley High (NBC).
6:30-Knothole Gang
6:45-Jules Lande (WEAF1.
7:00-Art in America tNBC).
7:20-The Cavaliers tNBCl.
7.30-Hands Across the Border (NBC).
S:00-Jamboree fNBC.
6:30-Singing Cowboy.
S:45-To be announced
9:O0-National Park program (NBC).
9:30-Kaleicloscope.
l0:00-Jack Wright orchestra
10:1S-PresS Radio bulletin tNBC).
10:20-Gene Wood orchestra
10;So-One Mans Family (NBCl.
ll;00-Carefree Carnival (NBC).
IL :00-Sicn off
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-03-31
INSTRUCTIONS
10 Schools. Colleges. tutoring


q. S. GOVERNMENT JOBS-Start Sos
Slf5 month. Men. women. 1880 Qualify
nov for coming vacancies. Is coached
FREE Write Immediately. FRANKLIN
INSTITUTE. Dept. Isl F. Rochester. N.
WANTED-Names men, 1885. wishing be-
come U. S. Government Railway Postal
Clerks. Start SI58 month. Apply today
sure Ior particulars and list government
positions. 25 coached FREE. Box k
404 Times
AETNA SCHOOL OF COMMERCE
SIENOGRAPHY, STENOTYPE. EDIPHONE.
- REASONABLE RATES
$40 kRESGE BLDG. JENNIE II. COPELAND
MEN desiring government civil service po-
SlConS. For particulars on qualifications
ana coaching for coming examinations,
write. Box K, 439, this paper.
FREE, HAWAIIAN GUITAR to each new
student. S1.00 per private lesson. Linn
lted offer. HILO HAWAIIAN. STUDIO.
2108 Roosevelt Ave
SELL. RENT OR BUY REAL ESTATE
through classified ads in The Times.
Phone "ad-taker." RI. 1851 during busi-
ness hours
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-03-31
2 Cards, In MemOriams

KENNEDY-In loving memory of ANNA
M. KENNEDY, who died March 81 1892.
We mourn for her in silence
No eyes can see US weep
But many silent tear is she'd
While others are asleep
HUSBAND AND DAUGHTERS.
WASHBURN-In loving memory of our
darling little daughter and sister KATH-
ERNIE, who passed away six years ago
today, March 81 1928
And while she lies in peaceful sleep,
Her memory we shall always keep
Sadly missed by MOTHER. DADDY
AND JIMMIE
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-03-31

Copyright 1884, Round Table Press, Inc;
distributed by United Feature
Syndicate, Inc.)
Monday-Luther's Earnestness Of
Conviction.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-03-31
AMMO URS MENTS
| Death Notices

DAVIS, GEORGE P.-Brother of John A.
Davis, Mrs. Nellie Taylor, Joseph Davis,
and Margaret Sheilie recently de
ceased, passed away Thursday. March
Taylor. 1910 Ruckle. Funeral Monday.
BROS. FUNERAL HOME, 1859 North
Cathedral 't a. m i inte rsTsg crown Psal
Hill cemetery. Friends may call any
time Saturday and Sunday. Please omit
flowers.
ELsNER. EMIL-56 years beloved husband
of Anna Elsner, father of Harry. Elmer
Edwin and Walter Elsner. passed away
at his residence. 1701 S. East ST.. Friday.
Ais a: m. Funeral Monday, $3.50 a. M,
at residence: 9 a. m at st. Catherine 5
church. Burial st. Joseph cemetery.
FRIENDS may call at residence anytime.
G. II. HERMANN SERVICE.
GEDDES. GERTRUDE P.-WidoW of Rob
ert GeddeS, and mother of R. Parker
Private services at the FLANNER &,
BUCHANAN MoRTUARY, Sunday, 8
GLAzIER. sTRAWDER G.-Hu5band of
Viola and father of Harry Glazier, Mrs.
Mrs, l. A. GfazieT err passed away iiSi' at the the
day. Funeral al SHIRLEY BROS. CEN
TRIAL CHAPEL. 946 N. Illinois Monday.
1:So p. m. Friends invited. Burial Crown
after noon Saturday.
HULL, CLYDE JENNINGS JR.-Age II, of
1918 East Vermont ST.. son of Clyde J.
and Pauline Hull, brother of Philip and
Jean, passed away Thursday evening
Services at the Gethsemane Lutheran
church, Wallace and Michigan ST., Mon
day, 10 a. m. Friends invited. Burial
crown Hill. Friends may call at 1913
East Vermont st.
LIST, JOSEPH H.-Uncle of Mrs. E. A.
and Mrs Stanton Montague, 2305 Adams
ST., Friday morning March 80, age II
years. Funeral services will be held a
the home Monday afternoon. April 3,
at 2 o'clock Burial Greenfield Ind.
Friends invited. VALID FUNERAL
MULLEN, ,ANTHONY..Father Of Austin
len died Saturday morning. Friends
may view the remains at the KIRBY
MORTUARY, 1901 N. Meridian st. Flu
neral Monday $3.50 at the mortuary 9
a: m. st. Johns church. Friends in
vited; Burial Shelbyville, Ind. [Shel-
MUTT, AMANDA-Beloved mother of
passed away at the home of her son, o.
w. Mutt in Carmel Friday evening. age
" years Funeral service at the NJ. E.
church in Carmel Sunday. April l, at
23O p. m. Body will be taken to the
church at 1870 p. m. Friends may call
at the home OF her son, anytime.
sPANGLER. JENNIE-Age 80, beloved
and Raymond F. Spangler. passed away
Saturday. morning at the residence of
the daughter, 2166 Dexter ave Funeral
services Tuesday. 1870 D. m at the
above address. Friends invited Burial
Crown Hill. CONKLE SERVICE.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1934-03-31
5 Wanted-MaIe or Female

EARN IS DAILY raising mushrooms.
Cellar ideal in winter Odorless method.
Crops purchased. Guaranteed materials
furnished Book, pictures free. UNITED,
3848-AW Lincoln ave Chicago.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1934-03-23
Workers Show Big Auto Firms
Push Company Unions in War
On A. F. of [. Union Drive

In order to secure united action for
the shorter work week proposed the
Allied Council sent out QUESTIONABLE
to all of the affiliated local unions
asking them to vote yes or no on the
following qustions:
No. will the members of your
organization support solid move
ment to establish a minimum rate of
$40 per week in the building industry
in the city of Buffalo and vicinity?
No. 2-Will your organization sup
port Q movement to establish a 30
hour work week?
No. 3-Do you believe that agree
ments should be subject to change for
the protection of our people against
any advance in commodity prices or
a drastic reduction in the purchasing
power of the dollar?
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1934-03-23
BUILDING TRADES
Put Out Thirty-Hour Week
Quiz

Buffalo, N. Y.-The Allied Building
Trades Council here is firmly con-
vinced that the 30-hour week is alb
solutely necessary to provide employ
ment for the many building trades
workers who are without jobs. Off
cials of the council estimate that the
immediate effect of the six-hour day
would be to reduce the working time
of 5000 building trades mechanics 10
hours per week. This, they point out,
would absorb $4,000 hours of labor
per week without displacing man.
They figure it would return 1866 men
Immediately and put s65,000 into cir
culatino every week.
The council is of the opinion that
the wage for the shorter work week
should be $40, which, they say, is re-
quired for the worker to support him.
self and his dependents in reasonable
comfort.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1934-03-23
PUBLIC AID
Given to One-Fifth of N. Y,
Population

Albany, N. Y. (ILNS)-One-ffth
of the population of New York state
2,500,000, and one-third of the chill
dren under 16, or 100000, have re-
ceived help from public relief funds
at some time since November 1, 1881
the temporary emergency relief ad-
ministration reports.
Public relief expenditures for the
27 months from November 1, 1881
when the state began to pay part of
the cost of municipal relief, until Feb
ruary, 1884, amounted to approx
mately S217,000,000.
This total does not include SAL ,O0O,-
900 spent by the civil warks admin
istration in the last three months OF
the period, nor $3,000,OOO allotted to
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1934-03-23

Washington, D. c. (ILNS)-The
Schenley Company, distillers, was
the first company to comply with
President Roosevelt's request for fur
ther shortening of the work week and
proportionate increase in wages. The
company cut hours 10 per cent and
increased wages in the same degree,
effective March 12.
Thus, while the refractories indus
try was the first to announce its read
mess to comply with the president s
40 and 10' program, the Schenley
Company was the first employer, as
far as is known, to actually put the
shorter week into operation.
Decision of the refractories indus
try to adopt the shorter week was
made by it's code authority. 1t was
the immediate employment of more
than 1000 additional workers. The
industry mines and processes the
special clays used in the production
of crucibles, fire brick and refractory
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1934-03-23

The strike was held contingent on the
outcome of the National Labor
Boards hearing.
"There is serious condition in De
troit," Greer stated. 'It is almost like
tinder box out there. And there
are men waiting to apply the match
within "A hours after this boards re-
port. | don't know how long we will
be able to hold the men in the plant. 4"
Claiming he was discharged for Gin
subordination," after 10 years en-
ployment as assistant foreman and
tool setter Bailey told the board that
the real reason for the discharge was
soliciting membership for the Federal
Union on property of the Buick Com
pany.
Both witnesses testified that they
had many affdavits of men discharg-
ed because of union activities. They
claimed that these men had been auto
mobile workers for Hudson and Buick
ranging from three to 20 years.
Al Cook, president of Fisher Body
Federal Labor Union 1881, Cleve-
land, Ohio, for six years with the
Fisher Body Corporation, told the
board that he had been dismissed
January 13 because he protested the
company union plan prepared by the
company. The reason advanced by the
company for the dismissal, he said,
was "lack of cooperation" Thirty
one others, most of them union Off
GERS, were discharged early in March,
he said, they believe, for union activ-
tiles. In his case, he stated the Cleve-
land Regional Labor Board, February
26, had found he was discharged be-
cause of union activities and ordered
his reinstatement. But he said he was
still out of work. About 80 per cent
of the companys 4,200 workers be-
longed to the Federal Labor Union,
Cook testified.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1934-03-23
PUBLIC OPINION
Invoked to Enforce Mini
mum Pay i'm n. Y.

New York City (ILNS)-The names
of Al Brooklyn laundry owners have
been published by Industrial Commits
stoned Elmer F. Andrews as not COM
plying with the state minimum fair
wage law. The list of non-complying
laundries was carried as legal adver-
tising in Brooklyn newspapers and
was read at a mass meeting of Brook
lyn consumers and civic organiza-
tions in the Central Y M. C. A.
The prospect of publication of their
names brought into line 1O8 of the
149 laundry owners originally sum-
moned to hearings held at the de-
partment of labor offices for employ
ers found to be paying less than the
metropolitan minimum wage of 81
cents an hour for 40-hour week with
time and one-half above 45 hours and
10 per cent hourly bonus for work
week of less than 40 hours.
'Three hundred and eighty-nine
Brooklyn laundries employing 5,043
women and minors are now in compli-
ance with the state minimum wage
law" Commissioner Andrews said in
making the list public. "Only Al
laundries employing 971 women and
minors have been found to be paying
less than the state minimum wage
Last weeks hearings were successful
in bringing into line three-fourths of
the laundry owners summoned for
noncompliance.
Many of those summoned to hear
ing Immediately agreed to pay at
least the state minimum wage.
Others defied the department of labor
until the last moment, when they
caved in and submitted payrolls and
records showing compliance.
''In making public this list, the de-
partment of labor draws attention to
the fact that this is the first time in
the history of the state that public
opinion has been invoked as the sole
weapon of enforcement. The pen
alties will be available July 2, when
the nine months directory period
expires"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1934-03-23
RIGHT TO PICKET
AFFIRMED

Los Angeles (ILNS)-A recent de-
cision declaring invalid an anti-pick-
citing ordinance by the appellate de-
partment of the superior court of Los
Angeles was hailed by A. L. Wirin,
attorney in several free speech fights,
as nothing short of a new Magma
Charta for labor" The case was han
died by group of lawyers including
John Beardsley, David Ziskind, James
M. Carter, Andrew NJ. Strong and
Wirin.
"For % years this ordinace di-
rected against labor" Wirin declared,
"has been used in Los Angeles as a
weapon of persecution of workers in
every strike. The decision is note
worthy in that it should tend to halt
the hysteria engendered by the Farm
Bureau in Ventura county, Santa
Barbara count, San Diego county, and
throughout agricultural California
where it is desired to shape ordi-
nances modelled after the one now de-
clared invalid. The decision in effect
not only asserts that peaceful picket
ing is lawful, but that any effort by
local authorities to prohibit such pick
citing by ordinances will be declared
unlawful and void"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1934-03-23
Labor Board Orders Union
Employees To Be Reinstated

New Orleans, Lathe New Or
leans Regional Labor Board ordered
the Calcasieu Paper Company at Eliz-
abeth, La, to reinstate number of
workers whom it was charged the
management of the company had dis
criminated against because they be-
longed to the international Brother
hood of Pulp, Sulphite and Paper Mill
Workers of the United States and
Canada. The order, which requires
that the men be paid for time lost,
was issued by Father Wynhoven,
chairman of the board, which also de-
cided to investigate the charge that
officials of the company We're promot-
ing a company union.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1934-03-23

Washington, D. c. ILNS)-Anti-
union policies of the big automobile
companies were exposed and denounc-
ed at hearings held here by the Ma
tional Labor Board in an endeavor to
avert a threatened strike in the indus
| try.
A delegation of more than a hun
dred workers, headed by William Col
Inns, American Federation of Labor
representative in the Detroit area, ap-
peared for the workers.
In opening the case for the men,
Collins read the original A. F. of L.
leafiet on organization in the automo-
bile industry, declaring that the whole
campaign was based upon the rights
of self-organization and collective
bargaining guaranteed by the national
industrial recovery act.
Collins declared he believed that all
of the automobile companies, with the
exception of Ford, had joined together
to establish company unions in oppo-
sition to the A. F. of l.. campaign.
With respect to the announcement by
the company of 36-hour week, with
"compensating wage increases over
rates prevailing in February" Col
Inns said it was impossible to say how
far this would meet the demands of
the workers until actual increases in
the pay scales were made public The
shortened week, he added, would make
no difference when the retail dealers
have become stocked with cars and
the spring production rush is over.
Detailed activities of the manage
ment of the Hudson and Buick auto
mobile companies to promote COM
pany unions were given to the Board
by Arthur Greer, president of the
Hudson Federal Labor Union Local
1892, and John Bailey, president of
the Buick Federal Labor Union,
1862.
Greer charged that the manage
ment of the company had initiated
and carried out plans for the COM
pany union without giving the en-
ploys chance to pass on the proposed
plans. At organization meetings the
company paid men for the time they
spent away from work Placards and
ballots were printed at company ex-
pense. The vote was held in the plant
and the company had a special rep
resentative on the election committee
which counted the votes. The witness
stated it was his opinion that the
company union plan restricts those
who shall vote in elections, those who
shall be representatives, and that the
plan cannot be changed without COM
pany assent. He said such plans took
away from workers rights and priv
ileges guaranteed them in Section ia
of the MIRA.
Greer related several futile at
tempts of the Federal Labor Unior
officials to secure a conference with
company officials He said the mer
finally called for strike vote as
to whether the company union or the
outside union should represent them
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1934-03-23
Distillery Firm Is First
Employer to Cut Work Week;
Refractories Next in Line

materials used by the iron, steel and
glass industries.
More than 10000 persons now en-
ployed in the refractory industry are
affected by the decision of the code
authority to substitute for the 40
hour maximum work week provision
in any 30-day period. The industry is
widespread from California to New
England.
The wage increase is to be accom-
plished by substitution, for the wage
provisions Of the code, of new provi-
sions increasing the common labor
minimum scales at least 10 per cent
and providing for the maintenance of
existing differentials for classes above
common labor.
Before adoption of the shorter work
week the Schenley Company employed
$500 persons in New York, Pennsyl-
vania, Indiana and Kentucky. 1t was
estimated the shorter week would
mean the unemployment of about L.
900 additional workers.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1934-03-23

New York families by members of the
Civilian Conservation Corps, which
would raise the total to 1851 100000
Nor does it take into account the mil
lions advanced by the federal govern
ment for public works projects, the
millions given for private relief no1
the increased expenditures of locali-
ties and the state for normal hospital
and welfare activities.
More than 100000 family groups
were receiving relief at some time
during the period, totaling 100000
persons. The report shows that last
April a high mark was reached of
lief at the same time.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1934-03-23

The latest NRA story concerns the
sad fate of a man who was given
Tuesday off as result of the five-day
week, and his wife changed wash day
to Tuesday.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-26

The II Federal Land Banks Of
the United States are lending at the
present time an average of over $6,-
100000 a day. Governor w. I.
Myers, however, says that the quail
ity of the loans Is of more import
ance than the volume, and that the
Land Bank system of cooperative
credit Is being safeguarded by see
ing that all loans are sound.
, In field adjoining golf course
in Ashville, N. c., hen was found
trying to hatch out three golf
balls.
After winning a bet by swallow
ing six safety pins, w. L. Gibbons,
Of Belfast paid $3.50 to have them
removed.
Miss Edna Johnston, Of Chicago,
fractured her leg in three places
when she rolled out of bed in her
sleep.
w. C. Robertson, Of Liverpool ap-
piled for the fee paid for his mar
riage license, stating he had chang
ed his mind.
A day after she was married to
George r. Cook, Beulah M. Cook,
Of near Davenport, Ia, decided that
he was "cruel and inhuman," and
she Is seeking a divorce.
In preparation for the comeback
of the horse, the town Of Oshkosh,
Neb., has erected a number Of
hitching posts in the business dis
trict.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-26

Loans made through the Federal
Land Bank, Of st. Paul, including
Commissioners loans, during the
first two weeks of July totaled
$4, 070,000 to Minnesota borrowers, a
report from the bank shows. There
were 1926 loans In this state. For
the whole district the number was
1881 and the volume in bonds and
cash was $12,200,0O0.
Minnesota cooperatlves have
borrowed SITS, 700 from the st. Paul
Bank for Cooperatives, according
to the June report recently COM
pleted. There was an increase Of
81 1924, 400 for the month, which
more than doubled the total volume,
bringing 1t to $2,376, 450 for all the
ia borrowing cooperatives in the
4 states Of the 7th district.
Applications Tor summer fallow
loans will be received up to Aug
ust Is, it is announced by the Min
neapolis Crop and Feed Loan Of
fees, which thus extends the time
one month beyond a recent an
nouncement.
The third set of triplets were
born to the Jenkins family Of Pan
tygog, Eng, the father and mother
each having been one of set of
triplets.
Karl Verandt, Of st. Louis, was
attacked and beaten by a mob of
his neighbors because his violin
kept them awake.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-26

workers from Civilian Conser-
walton Corps camps will be utilized
in this important work of improv-
ing the carrying capacity of these
valuable trout streams" Mr.. Will
lard said
Destruction of habitant has had
more to do with decimating our
supply of fish and game than actual
fishing and hunting. It is planned
to give the fish a better place in
which to live and as a result bet
ter fishing opportunities will be
made available. Banks have been
gouged out through logging OPP
erations. Many streams that were
once narrow and deep are now
fiat and wide. Waters have become
warm and stagnant in many In
stances. AS a result fish life in
Vulnerable places has been entirely
destroyed or threatened with extinc-
ton.