davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1934-06-29
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION
50! !; }. =!

BALL yEERS OFF LINE IF-sWING
Is FORCED
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1934-06-29

- tuxloy = tn only speciss q
|nlty that originated n the Unttsd
Evening star., 1934-09-30

Indian occupancy of the pueblo appears
essential in any plan to preserve the
picture of the old place, however and
yet occupancy of homes which would be
show places for tourists involves prob
lens of Indian administration for which
no satisfactory solution has yet been
evolved The few Indians living there
might be willing to move to another
site on the Hopi Mesa, but then Oraibi
no longer would be our oldest continu-
ously occupied town. So that presents
no solution to the problem of preserving
Oraibi in all its historic aspects.
The Hopis are an interesting tribe.
Living near the Grand Canyon, their
tradition has it that their ancestors
came from the underworld, perhaps by
way of the canyon. We believe the
earliest Indians were Mongoloids, coming
to the North American Continent by
way of Bering Strait.
A/HICHEVER ancestral idea one pre-
w fers, the fact remains that before
our ancestors in Northern Europe had
windows in their houses or chimneys on
their roofs, and many centuries before
the conquering white man was carried
by frail bark across the stormy Atlantic
TO the New World, high on precipitous
mesas in our Southwest of today these
supposedly savage prehistoric Indians
were building apartment houses of fine
masonry, weaving wild cotton into tex
tiles making baskets and sandals from
willows and grasses and household ves-
sells from native clay.
These early Indians decorated ar
tistically the simplest of their household
Evening star., 1934-09-30
BY ISABELLE FLORENCE STORY

remain, and there was an uprising as
late as 1906 because they would not per-
init their children to be taken from them
without protest, to be sent of to school,
At that time a number of the ultra
conservatives were made prisoners OF
war and confined at Camp Huachuca.
Old Oraibi constitutes an important
link between the archaeological remains
of Americas prehistoric period and that
of historic times. It should be saved
from Observation-Disclosures the deStruc-
ton of disintegration or of moderniza-
tion-as a museum piece" if for no
other reason. Superintendent Miller
recommended that it be made a ma
tional monument, thus assuring it of
perpetual Federal protection under the
National Park Service. The matter has
been discussed by the heads of the
Indian Service and the National Park
Service. All agree as to the desirability
of preserving the village. Continued
Evening star., 1934-09-30

is believed to have had a population
of $4,000 people-a fairsized country
town even in modern America.
QUT pestilence and one thing and an
other reduced the population of the
once fiourishing settlement. Despite
that, it is spoken of as one of the
largest of the modern pueblos by J. w.
Powell, director of the United States
Bureau of Ethnology, in his annual
report of 1886-1S87. Even in 1906,
according to Edgar X. Miller, for many
years superintendent of the Hopi
Agency, Oraibi had 900 Inhabitants. But
now Mr.. Miller says it's population has
dwindled to a tiny remnant of what it
once was-only between go and 10 people
clinging to the old home.
The people of Oraibi always were more
conservative than the other Hopis. They
revolted against the Spanish in 1880,
refusing to allow the missionaries to
Evening star., 1934-09-30

- INCE 1900 AID, perhaps even
longer than that, the pueblo of
Old Oraibi has been continuously
~ occupied, making it the oldest in
habited settlement in our land.
Located high on one of Arizona's Hopi
Mesas-for Orabai is a Hopi Indian
town-it gave protection to the long
ago ancestors of its modern inhabitants.
These Indians never have been the war
like people of our childhood's Indian
tales. All they have ever asked is to
be allowed to live their peaceful lives,
weaving, making pottery and going
about the ordinary affairs of life on
the mesa top, or tilling their fields in
the valleys far below. If the rain gods
sent them enough water for their crops,
they were content.
Today this prayer still goes on among
the Hopis, in the form of the fascinating
snake dance that each August draws
crowds of both reverent-and, We are
sorry to say, Observation-Disclosures from
all parts of the country. These dances
are not held at Oraibi, but at other
nearby pueblos.
Now there are two Oraibis-Old Oraibi
and the new town called just Oraibi.
Most of the >Oraibi people live in the
new town, but a few, hardly more than
a handful, stay in the old home of their
ancestors It is fast crumbling into
ruins and, almost worse from the stand
point of the archeologist and historian,
here and there a modern addition ad-
joins a section centuries old.
When the Spanish first visited the
picturesque land of the PuebloS, Oraibi
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-06-28
By a Farmer Correspondent

SPENCER, b.-Wallace & Co.
gave us the corn and hog program
for which they we're going to pay
us to raise less hogs. Farmers did
their part by reducing IS per cent,
but as yet they have received no
money. In fact, in this county we
farmers must reduce 1900 head
more, for which we will receive
nothing, but somebody else that
does not produce will get better
than $4,000.
We also have a County Agent
who put him here in office we
know not, as the farmers had
nothing to do about getting him.
He has the power over all feed and
seed and everyone must see him
before anything can be done.
A great number of farmers need
help, but all we get is promises.
This County Agent knows nothing
about farming. He was imported
from the Nebraska University.
Farmers ask him questions, but he
is unable to answer until he gets
reports from higher ups. The Fed
eral loans go to pay up old debts
and taxes, and the farmers are go
ing to be worse off than ever.
We had some rain, but it was too
late for small grain and hay. Farm
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-06-28
Forced Labor on Relief in
TallapOOsa County, Ala.
BY a Worker Correspondent

CAMP HILL. Ala.-The relief Of
flcials have started another scheme
in giving relief. This time they are
giving cash-S2.40 a week for a
family Of three or more-to those
who have signed up with the F. E..
R. A. rural rehabilitation" pro-
gram. The others are told to cool
their heels while longer.
This is another scheme of forced
labor and the Tallapoosa bosses are
now trying to force the workers to
work for this relief. Ruby Landom.
head Of the relief Office in Camp
Hill, co-operates with the bosses
and landlords who come in demand
ing hands" She also gives instruc-
tons that if the unemployed refuse
to accept this forced labor, to re-
port back, and the names will be
taken off the relief rolls.
Now that the relief officials give
out cash, the merchants have raised
the prices on food-flour from $1.1O
to S1.25 for 24-pound bag, and
other prices accordingly.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-06-28
By SIDNEY BLOOMFIELD

THE Gary Steel Worker and the
Youngstown Worker are both is
sued by Party units in the steel
mills of the same section. What is
striking at the outset is that al
though the Gary Steel Worker is
much oder than the Youngstown
Worker, it is not much more i'm
proved than the latter. The former
paper is in four pages while the lat
ter is single page mimeographed
on both sides.
Both papers treat important ques-
tons, but in the main, the problems
ae dealt with from the local, purely
job interest, and yet hardly a single
question is discussed concretely. In
most instances there is little evil
dence to show how the question is
part of wider problems. No line of
action is indicated, nor is there any
specific advice given the workers
on just how they should organize
the carrying out of the advice in
practical way.
Both papers under review were
issued in the heat of interest in the
proposed steel strike. Both papers
carry front page feature articles on
the question. The article in The
Gary Steel Worker approaches the
problem by vigorously bringing for
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-06-28
PARTY LIFE
New York District Gioes 500
To Pittsburgh for Book Shop
Contribution Viii Aid Vital Concentration area
in Building Glass Struggle Groups

An excellent example of solidar-
ity, and of an understanding of
the Importance of assisting the con-
centration districts, is shown by the
following correspondence exchanged
between District S, Pittsburgh, and
District 2, New York. New York
has set an example which might
well be followed by other strong
districts.
From District 5 to District 2
Reading and hearing about the
really good work New York is doing
I have decided to grant your dis
trict a special privilege. You know
that Pittsburgh is the most impcr-
tant concentration district. I will
grant however that New York is
next to Pittsburgh in Importance
and next to myself I consider that
you are very good organizer. Now
that this political basis has been
laid will come to the special priv
ilege that we will allow your dis
trict.
you see we are in great hopes
of opening a District Book Store
in Pittsburgh by Labor Day, but
one of tao difficulties here is, that
although all the millionaires are
produced here, lie, we give them
their millions, but your city has
been clever enough to draw all the
money from here to New York. OF
course we do not hold this against
you.
The result of this migration of
the Dollar to New York, plus the
hard work of District 2, you have
been able to develop the best and
biggest Workers Book Store in the
country. Now of course we are not
asking ten per cent, but what do
you think about donating S100
worth of books from your store to
Our Book Store" Don't you think
that that is a brilliant idea.
Just imagine what will happen
when we write to all our organi-
cations: New York donates 500
worth of books to the Pittsburgh
Book Store"
District Organizer, District S.
From District 2 to District 5
Your letter CT June IS received.
In all sincerity we really accept and
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-06-28
Hog and Corn Reduction Program of No
Aid to Nebraska Farmers Hit by Drought
Red Tape Holds Up Feed, and Work is Forced
from Those That Get Relief

erS are still planting corn and fod-
der cane in hopes Of raising enough
to keep what stock will be left after
Wallace & Co. get done with their
reduction program.
The government ships in feed, but
there is a lot of red tape con-
nected. Farmers must sign death
warrant almost. must swear that
they have no feed whatever, and
are unable to buy, etc. Then if you
are fortunate enough to get some
feed, you are required to work for
it, driving mules to do some road
work with horses that are scarcely
able to do the farm work on &C
count of shortage of feed.
This is the way the farmers get
help under the New Deal-when
they try to feed themselves and not
be subject for charity.
Workers of the city organize! We
farmers have started here to Or
ganize the Communist Party. We
have 18 members in our unit now
and expect four new ones at our
next meeting. Whenever VIC can
get the farmers to see how, when
and where we are drifting today
they become real c. P. members and
go out and demand of the New Deal
the things which belong to them.
A REAL DIRT FARMER.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-06-28

the face of the eXposue to get bet
ter conditions for the workers, is
not indicated. Advice on how to
start little group in each depart
ment, how to organize petitioning
for small demands could be included
in such exposures.
The Youngstown Worker carries
a paragraph relating how the ex-
posure of certain harmful practices
by the company in its previous is
sue led to a diScontinuance of them.
The article merely speaks of of need
to kick hard enough" and to or
ganize stronger to win greater con-
essions." But how it is to be done
is not explained.
While the YOUNGSTOWN Worker
writes about two departments, the
Gary Steel Worker deals with seven
departments. In both papers the
problems discussed are grating
bosses, favoritism, accidents, low
pay for women, speed-up, company
unions, and lay-offs. But these
questions are not made part of a
discussion of the role of the Party
the union, the nature of shop work
opposition work and methods of or
ganizing practical actions. These
articles are not concrete and there
are no notes to the letters con.
tanning these complaints, advising
in a practical way how to organize
on the job, and how to carry out
struggles for partial demands tx
ameliorate these conditions.
For example, in the Gary Stee
Worker there is one article On thu
Company Tries to Hide Real Is.
Sues" and the other on "Mer.
chant Mill Men Face Lay-Off." Ii
both, the question of rents, evic.
tons, unemployment insurance, etc.
are mentioned, but the building o
movements to unite the employed
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-06-28
Relief Being Cut
In indianapolis
By a Worker Correspondent

INDIANAPOLIS, Ind. - Com
rades, just a word about some
conditions here. Several workers
here are being refused relief from
Hanna Noon, special trustee, again
The writer was on relief through
the transient bureau until two
weeks ago when he was refused
reinstatement. They referred him
to Miss Noon, who, as three times
before, said, let dad do it.
There was a fire here at the
transit house, 300 E. Ohio Street,
the other day. Two hundred men
were routed. The fire, according
to the Star, started in the base
ment where the coolies are sup
posed to be routed.
The unemployed councils should
get going here again as relief is
being cut, and in some cases re-
fused. Conditions on the jobs are
Speed-up ana Snall pay.
I resigned from farm job be-
cause the bourgeois farnerette
wanted me to do house work and
outside farm work too. She has a
80 acre farm at R. R. 8, Green
wood, money in the bank, finan-
ciaI connections with Traylor'S
corporation of American, Morgan
Packing Co., Austin, Ind, and a
cafeteria at Coffin golf course.
She hired a maid though the
Paramount Employment agency,
kept the lady one week, and fired
her. Wages are S.. Then she
started me on the house work;
wash woodwork, and scrubbing,
etc. I told her to pay me. She
said only board and clothes, and
fired me. Then she promised to
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-06-28
The Iron Mountain
Ford Plant Fires
1000 Workers
BY a Worker Correspondent

IRON MOUNTAIN. Mich.-In the
past few weeks the Ford Motor Co.
has laid of more than 1000 work
ers. The majority of the workers
laid of were hired last January and
February to take care of increased
orders.
According to reports going around
the total lay-off will affect 1900
workers, or so per cent of the April
payroll. The workers remaining on
the jobs report that the already ter
rifle speed-up is being increased
daily.
In an effort to keep these workers
from going to the Relief Office, the
County Relief Administration has
started a rumor that no one will be
given relief until they have been
unemployed for at least so days. In
some cases, however, relief has been
given in two or three weeks time.
The local press remains silent on
the lay-of1, and seeks to still the
growing discomfort of the unem-
p.oyed and employed Ford workers
by printing an Associated Press iu-
terview with Ford in which he
demagogicaily speaks of a six-hour
day and five day week.
Ford's purpose in the interview as
printed in the local paper appears
to be twofold Firstly, he seeks to
pacify the men he has recently laid
off by making them believe that the
present decrease in production is
only temporary, claiming that "the
industrial picture is looking better
all the time" and things are very
much on the upgrade"
His second purpose is to excuse
the speed-up in his factories and
call upon his henchmen, the fore
men, supers, ETC., to increase speed
up under the guise that this will
bring about a six hour day. He says,
"The six hour day is coming be-
cause things can be made
faster. :"
But the workers in this locality
are beginning to realize that neither
their Dear Father in Dearborn"
nor his Wall Street co-rulers Of
America are willing to give them
anything unless they fight for it.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-06-28
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
Post Graduate Courses In RUSSIA

Post Graduate Courses In Russia
M. R., Garden City, L. las far
as We know there are no organized
courses in pos. graduate medical
work in Russia. We are positive,
however, that if you decide to go
to the Soviet Union, you will be
given opportunity by the medical
authorities to visit every medical
institution, as we'll as the various
rest homes, sanatoria, clinics, poly
clinics, hospitals and laboratories
that you might be interested in.
Physicians who have visited the
Soviet Union tell us that the Soviet
officials are eager to show and ex-
plain their work, particularly to
medical visitors from the United
States. On the other hand, we
have received several complaints
from directors of medical institu-
ticns that most Of the visitors are
too much in hurry and that they
DO not devote sufficient time to
study the details of the various
medical enterprises.
Yes. we decidedly believe that it
will be we'll worth your while to
spend six months in Russia and
learn, at first hand, of the remark
able program and innovations
which have been introduced by the
workers government in the prac-
tice of medicine and particularly in
the prevention of indus rial and
other hazards. The medico-social
phase of Soviet medicine is I'M
equalled.
AS to whether it would be worth
while for your sister to accompany
you, we wish to state that in her
case there is an organized course
of lectures, especially designed for
school teachers. 1t is called the
Anglo American ms itute of the
First Moscow University; the sum-
mer session begins July Is and ends
Aug. IS, 1884 These courses are
under the auspices of the Institute
Of International Education, Inc,
and you may get more information
about it from this organization
which is located at w. 45th S.,
'phone Vanderbilt 1924. Or.
George S. Counts, Professor of Edu-
cation at Teachers College, Column
bia University, and DR.. John Dewey,
Professor Emeritus of Philosophy
Columbia University, are members
of the Advisory Council of this in
stitution, the director of which is
DR.. Irving v. Sollins. The American
Summer School in Russia offers
two courses dealing with Expert
mental Educa ional Programs of
the Soviet Union and "Institu-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-06-28
''SOUiet Government
Changed Our Life, y
Say USSR Farmers

collective farm has a COW for his
own disposition.
We have only 80 pigs. Every fam
lily has little pigs. Some families
have geese, hens, etc.
The Lamp of Lenin"
In the pre-war time there was no
electricity in our village. There
were only small oil lamps. Now
everyone has big lamps, and very
soon the lamp of Lenin," the cleo
trio light, will burn in our houses.
The pre-war village had a bad
reputation. Everybody knew that
the houses were dirty. The cattle
stayed in the same houses as the
peasants in the winter. The air in
the house was stuffy. Sixty per cent
of the peasants had bad Sicknesses.
All this is far away in the past.
Now we arranged competition for
the best and cleanest house. About
20 families have perfectly clean
rooms. Every month we have a
sanitary inspection. We built a
bath-house. Now even the most
conservative peasants, who were
against this invention visit the
bath very often. Soap and tooth
brushes are the necessity not only
of young folks but even of old
people.
Our food now is very good. Tea
is now not luxury but an every
day drink; we have plenty of sugar.
In 1893 our collective sowed 20
acres of sugar beet. The crop was
very good, We gave the government
100 cwt. from our crop. We received
for it Kilograms Of sugar for every
house. The earnings correspond to
our work. The best shock-worker,
Aleksei Piskunov, received for his
work 48 kilos of sugar.
The appearance of the peasant
has changed. Some of the young
peasants, for instance Misha Polo
jenkov, have three suits, two pairs
Of shoes and about 10 shirts.
A Reading House
We have a reading-house in our
collective farm. Very often we or
ganize with our own forces theatre
shows. Sometimes we read aloud
newspapers, issue our own kolchos
wall newspaper. There is no single
family which has not subscribed to
and does not read newspapers.
The newspapers are read by all
the peasants. Owing to it we know
not only about the happenings of
our country, but about the life
abroad. We know that the imperial
lists are preparing war against the
Soviet Union. We are able to pro-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-06-28
NEWS FROM A NEW YORK FARM

There's a highly interesting letter
here from farm wife of New York
state, the first half of which follows:
Dear Comrade:
I'm the Daily Worker I saw that
Anna Vasilevna Snegireva would
like to hear from here. would like
to correspond with her .. only
do not know English very well, as
I am a German, so please excuse
my writing.
81 am farmers woman; we live
in northern New York State. Last
year we had a dry summer; many
of the farmers here had to buy hay,
as they did not have enough for
their COWS during the long winter
we have here. So they came more in
debt, and have now hard stand
to pay it off.
The winter was here very hard;
most Of the fruit trees, and grass on
the meadows is killed out, and now
we have it so dry. If we don't get
rain very soon. then we all don't
know what to do
I'VE farmers work long hours: we
arise in summer at 4 o'clock, and in
winter at 5 o'clock, and we go at
9 o'clock to bed. Up here we have
had enough to eat, as we all produce
our own food. But we are not able
to buy any, as the prices are too
high. We have three apple trees,
and that is all the fruit we eat: we
can't buy fruit-have no money to
do so.
1--WE have dairy farm, and keep
a few pigs also chickens. The eggs
we ship to New York City. The price
of eggs after the expenses are paid,
Is Is to II cents. We ship cream;
last cream check was $7.38 (Grade l,
test 40, price "a cents. We bought
some fertilizer for sowing oats; that
is very high this year. We are not
abe to buy any grass seed. All we
hope is to get good hay, so we don't
need to buy any. We are not able to
buy feed for the cows in the winter
they get only hay.
1.-THE taxes are very high: we are
not able to pay these yet. We scrape
every penny together, but there are
always some bills to paw. We live up
on the hill All the farmers here
are poor, and talk so often to make
them organize. Some hope always
for better times, and others seem
to be afraid, but the time will come
when they will organize too.
Most have large families, and
most of them are Catholics. They
are very strict Catholics: the priest
comes to their homes, and the chill
dren tell me he wants always money.
He sure gets it. I think it is shame
to take money away from these
poor people.
THE children are going to the
rural schools; there are not many
who can write and read. Their edu-
cation is very poor. The population
is German, Irish and mostly Polish.
The Polish can't read English. and
cur local newspaper brings nothing
about what is going on in the world
it I would not get the Daily Worker
from friends in New York, I also
would not know what is going on in
she world. The papers I give here to