davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1934-08-22
FLYING TO JUNGLE
Bostonian to Pass Through D. C.

Bostonian to Pass Through D. C..
on Way to Hunt in Brazil.
John K. Howard, Boston lawyer,
was to fly through Washington today
on his way to hunt big game in the
Matto Crosse, heart of Brazil. His
round trip is due to require $4,000
miles of flying and he expects to be
back at his desk at the end of 80 days.
Howard is flying from New York
to Miami today as an Eastern Air
Lines passenger. He will travel from
Miami to Rio de Janeiro on PAN
American Always planes and from
Rio will go into the interior of Brazil
via Condor Syndicate, the German
air line.
Evening star., 1934-08-22
Hume (Va.) Woman Succumbs.

WARRENTON, Va, August q
(SpeciaD Mrs. Joseph A. Pearson
died Monday at her home, near Hume
after a long illness, aged SIS years
Before her marriage she was Miss
Anne O'Bannon, daughter of Mr.. and
Mrs. John O,Bannon of this county
She leaves her husband and the fol-
lowing children: Mrs. Beulah Jones
Alexandria, Va; Mrs. Elsie Kirby
The Plains, Va; Mrs. Alwyn Ash
warrenton, Va; Mrs. Mabel Grimes
Misses Tacie, Ethel, Helen and Rae
Pearson, Charming and Carroll Pear
son,
Evening star., 1934-08-22
PELLEY is INDICTED.
Silver Shirts Chiefs Accused in "Blue
Sky Law" Case.

ASHEVILLE. N. c., August %
R.-Williarh Dudley Pelley, whose
Silver Shirts organization has been
under the scrutiny of the congress
sional committee investigating Nazi
activities, was indicted here yesterday
for alleged violations of blue sky"
laws.
Indicted with the Silver Shirts
"chief" were three of his aides, Robert
c. Summerville, Don D. Kellogg and
H. M. Hardwicke. The indictments
charge North Carolina's blue laws
were violated in connection with the
sale of stock in Galahad Press, Inc,
publisher of Liberation, official organ
Of the Silver Shirts.
Evening star., 1934-08-22
Birds Stay Together.

Tricolored redwing blackbirds all
wake at the same time in the morn
ing, take the air together in seeking
food and return together to the roost
at nighA
Evening star., 1934-08-22
Transplanted Easily.

Rhododendron, which grows wild
in mountains of the Southern States,
can be transplanted easily and made
to thrive in domestic gardens.
Evening star., 1934-08-22
New Entrance Guards Monument Visitors
s1RoNe FAsAeEwAY PROTECTION DURING Repairs

This is hoto sightseers
1oill enter Monument
during tace-litting
operations.
Builders say nothing can
fall through roof.
Work started today on
the erection OF
ScafoIding.
Star STAFF Photo.
The Redwood gazette., 1934-09-06

Miss Marie Thune went to Mime,
apolis Thursday morning to spend
the day.
SCHOOL TIME Band time See
our complete line Of Band and Or
chestra Instruments. Just what you
need for that school musical organ
ization. The MUSIC STORE. 10
The Redwood gazette., 1934-09-06

D. w. Buckley and ]. D. jackson
spent Thursday in Minneapolis.
Miss Mary Gull Of Minneapolis was
an overnight guest Of Mrs. Margar-
ct Schaffer the latter part Of the
week and accompanied by her brother
Maurice Gull left for Mexico to re-
sumo her school work.
The Redwood gazette., 1934-09-06

The Birthday club held the first
meeting of the year Tuesday evening
at the home Of Mrs. Willis Starr
when Mrs. John Jackson was the
guest Of honor. Bridge was played
at four tables and honors were
awarded to Mrs. Jackson and Miss
Dorothy Warner.
The Redwood gazette., 1934-09-06

Mr. saaJ Mrs.. A. As Evanson d
Echo were callers at the L. w. Has
singer home Monday evening.
! Miss Grace Ward returned to Min
neapolis Tuesday morning after
spending the weekend and Labor
Day with her mother, Mrs. H. w.
Ward.
The Redwood gazette., 1934-09-06

Douglas Kise spent Tuesday in
Minneapolis
Mrs. Ruth Cannon spent Labor
day at Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
Q DR.. and Mrs. Louis Epstein Of Oil
via are the parents of boy born
Monday, September 3, at the hospi-
tai.
The Redwood gazette., 1934-09-06

Rud Stensvad spent Monday and
Tuesday in Minneapolis on business.
Mrs. I. M. Stensvad entertained at
two tables of bridge Tuesday eve
ming in honor of Mrs. j. ]. Morsch Of
Douglas, Wyoming. Honors were
won by Mrs. S. B. Duea, Mrs. H. N.
Nupson and Mrs. Morsch.
The Redwood gazette., 1934-09-06

For running pu m p
jacks, milking ma
chines-or even f o r
placer mining this en-
gine is a marvel! Can't
freeze, can't overhead.
Light tomove! Husky!
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1934-06-18

Any person or partnorship poeseS0.
ing the qualifications prescribed In
this Act may obtain en ".off sals"
issss' for er, e: 'a: e =
tail drug store Of which he 10 the
proprietor for consumption Off 81
~ n. s :s: Ct ,at.re:snE S.s g
tion on the premises licensed shall
Section 4. ONLY DSTABI,IaHED
DRUG STORES iIc6NeHD. w
81 oWner 81 the dru~ stors SSsinsss
to 81 iicensed or tie oWner of NJ
maioritv cSnitsi stook tSersof II
m husinass Malone "a = Nnrfh IA.
e. kota ssorpoI.tion; Hs nust l g =. : =.
drii~ .tnrs FOR = nerio6 az M war
continnouslv nrior "a TIA issusnce
81 tha iicansa a. th~ maSor norfion
81 fhrea y1Sra nrior fhSreto. The
& IN u;s s:sa
!, 1at2 from : date prior to January
section 3. L1cENsEs TO NEW
p5RGa %! STORES E. j So i!e:a:: :h.il
new liz 20 stors KS ~ ~" 0. opse
- III. w .,rstS sneS ~ ge.JSCS
have opersted aneS atorH confinn.
ousiv for = nerio6 az fhrne vssra ar
ss .he hays Ss:a a Sseas
~ KS. - t th,s E a. years Ds'ol % tas
- y. S.rN $1,000.
section |. HOW -obTzil IND. Any
tims az this AT tsESS:: affHct = the
p prop ia's o. 40 owner . 81 q ostsb.
= III. nosc ct e ;.3. nn.sa.sn. sH ~
other qualifications pre4cfibo4 u this
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1934-06-18

1ection .. SHORT TERN LII.
CDNsE. Each applicant FOR . IL
osnse under the provisions OF this
Act shall be required to pay the
full license fee provided herein for
the period from the time this Act
takes effect until June 20, 1885.
upon. which date al licenses shall
terminate unless previously termin-
ated or revoked 10 provided In this
Act. From ana after July !, 1875.
the annual license fee provided tor
the time Of the application ana shall
b Tor. the term expiring June SOth
thereafter. - new license may b
issued 1t the end Of each annual
period under the conditions ana upon
the procedure herein provided for the
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1934-09-08
AT THE MOVIES
Fun Rivals Romance
In Gaynor Picture

The present Offering ct the Para
mount Theatre Is Fox Films Ser
wants Entrance" which brings again
to the silver screen the sweethearts Of
's6tate Fair" Janet 0aynor and Lew
Ayres. The two young stars are again
cast opposite each other g screen
lovers IN m amusing and laugh-pro-
vodng comedy drama IN . modern
setting.
Miss Gaynor plays the part Of Z
young society girl who he's always
had money enough from her father,
Walter Connolly. . rich. automobile
manufacturer. to do whatever she
pleased. and who suddenly discovers
that she has been everywhere and
dcne everything. In order 70 learn
more about life. Miss 0aynor goes to
an employment agency and secures
work Is : kitchen maid, in spite Of
the fact that she has no idea about
cooking or housework. Ayres Is the
chauffeur Of the family with whom
she finally finds work. and the two
Of them provide much fun for the
audience with their amusing quarrels,
which start when Janet tried to tell
Lew something about IN automobile.
Having invented Z new type Of motor
boat. he = naturally resentful that
: Girl should attempt to tell him any
thing concerning gasoline engine.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1934-09-08
Gorgeous Spectacle
Is Filmed in Danes

Warner Bros. created the motior
picture musical. Il Is natural. there.
fore. that these same producers should
have created Danes" the most spec.
tacular and certainly the most Cor
geous entertainment Of It's kind ever
screened. It overtops even their own
"42nd Street." Wonder Bar with
10 Million Sweethearts."
Danes" Is more than = musical: Il
Is the most lavishly staged spectacle
Imaginable. It Is more than . musical
spectacle: It Is Z miracle Of camera
mechanics and stage mechanism. Il
has . real plot: more beautiful sirla
snd highly trained dancers than have
ever been gathered In any one mo-
ton picture: It has six song hits: It
has six Of the screens leading stars
It Is, undoubtedly, one Of the finest
pieces Of entertainment that even
came to the Capitol Theatre, where II
opened yesterday.
Joan Blondell. Dick Powell, and
Ruby Keller head the all-star cast
which Includes zasu Pitts, Guy Kib-
bee and Hugh Herbert. the three lead,
ing comedians Of the screen.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1934-09-08
FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH
Fourth st. and Ave. B

Ellis L. jackson, Minister
Sunday, Sept. the 9Th, 1884
10 q. m.-The Church School. A
carefully graded school with classes
for all ages. William II. Mueller,
Supt. Mrs. G. j. Worner. primary
supt.
The Quain class for young people.
The high school class for high
A cordial welcome to the church
school sessions.
11:00-Morning worship.
Pianist-Mrs. Clarence Guinness.
Prelude: Erotikon-Greig.
Offertory: Lullaby-Kjerulf.
Sermon: Christian Loyalty-Ellis
Il. Jackson.
s:0o-The evening service.
Sermon Theme: Daring to believe
in ones self-Ellis L. jackson.
Tuesday night at $500 Miss Hattie
PetherAm of Nyaung Glebin Burma
will speak at tho church. This 10 m
open meeting and we invite our
friends to share with VI this, message
from our foreign mission field.
No Wednesday night service.
Thursday afternoon the Ladies' Aid
will meet at the Albert johnson homo
south of Mandan. Picnic dinner.
and service II you do not have q regu-
lar church home.
ST. dARY's ROMAN CATHOLIC
Rev. Father Robert A. Feehan, Pastor
Broadway Avenue at Eighth Street
Masses at 7:45. 9, 10 and II, o'clock.
The mass at o'clock il for children.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1934-09-08
|-4-Church4
| NetUs
FIRST LUTHERAN CHURCH
GIG Avenue D
r.. AdOlph Johns. Pastor

Sept. s-Fifteenth Sunday after
Trinity.
9:45 q, m.-Sunday School.
1O:30-Morning worship.
Confirmation will be held:
Vocal quintet: Follow Me"
% Jesus. Have Promised
The Misses Gladys Barth. Marion
Porter. Odessa Nelson, and Messrs. H.
A Swenson, o. N. Nordlund.
Sermon: Seek First the Kingdom
Of God" -.
trustees and deacons are asked to
meet.
Thursday. September IL. at 3 p. M
Ladies' Aid. :.
Movies on Children'-introduced by
Mrs. C. w. Porter.
Hostesses Mrs. Fred Swenson and
Mrs. Donald johnson.
Saturday. Sept. Is, At 3 a. m. Con-
1irmation class.
3. m. Junior Mission band.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1934-09-08
THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
Thayer and Second

Thayer and Second
Floyd Emerson Logee, Pastor
Bible School at 1000 o'clock.
Morning worship at 1900 o'clock:
The pastor will preach on GODS Call
Forward
Fellowship service at 500 o'clock.
Putting God into our Thought"
The gospel IL for every man; every
man needs the clearer vision OF God.
the closer touch of his fellow men. We
invite you to worship with US. we
invite you to bring your trends.
I'VE believe in Jesus as Christ.
We accept Him AZ our Savior ana
Friend.
We pledge Him our loyalty In every
relationship OF life"
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1934-09-08
ZION EV. LUTHERAN CHURCH
(Synodical Conference)
4l9-Fourth Street

4ly-FOUTIH SIrStC
j. v. Richert, Pastor
Fifteenth Sunday after Trinity,
Sept. 9Th: =,
$40 4. m.-Sunday School with Ill
classes. ,,>
1O:45-Morning worship (English) }.
Sermon: Religious Training. This
will b in observance Of the resump-
ton Of Sunday School classes. and the
children and pupils as well a. the
parents are urged to attend.
2:3O p. m.-German services 1T Bald
win.
6:45 D. m.-Bible hour In charge Of
the Walther League.
1880 p. m.-vesper services eng
1ish).
Immediately after the morning
services a meeting of the voting men,
bers will take place.
Tuesday evening, Sept. IL. Walther
League business and educational
meeting.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1934-09-08

According to IN educational expert
the average boy changes his vocation
four times before the age OF 20.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1934-09-08
McCABE METHODIST EPISCOPAL
CHURCH


Morning worship 1880.
Organ Prelude in F-Miss Ruth
Rowley, organist-Heyser.
Anthem: The God Of Abraham
Praise"-Buck.
Organ offertory: 'supplication"-
Frysinger.
Solo: Selected-Miss Phyllis WOOL
yerton.
sermon: 1.-THE Forgiveness Of Sins
walter f. Water.
Organ Postlude: Put on Thy
Strength o Zion"-Watson.
Sunday School 1900 noon. Glasses
for all ages). Vacation days are
over, let US all be present In our
classes. We are counting on you.
Evening worship 1880.
Organ Prelude: "Fancies"-Sellars.
Anthem: For Ever to Abide
Organ Offertory: "contentment'-
Violin Solo: selected-Adolph En-
gelhardt.
Sermon: IAN Enlarged Vision
Miss Celicia Cross, Quassua. West
Africa.
Miss Cross is one OF the most out
standing missionaries Of our church
and has spent over twenty years in
Africa. She has q real message and
none Of our people should fall to hear
her.
s Organ Postlude: "Devotion"-Lor-
enx.
Midweek devotional service We'd
nesday evening at 1870.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1934-09-08
FlRST CHURCH or CHRIST.
SClBNTlST

JZ3 F0UTIn street.
Sunday service 1t 1900 q. "a.
Sunday school ct S:l6 q. m.
Wednesday evening testimonial
meeting at : o'clock.
A reading room maintained In the
Hoskins Block. 200h eth st.. 10 open
daily from - to p. M: Sunday :
to p. m.
All are welcome to attend the
church services and to make use Of
the reading room.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1934-09-08

A total Of 100000 gallons OF
water was used in Kew Gardens, Eng
lsnd. last summer.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1934-09-08
THE SALVATION ARMY

2ZO MAIN Avenue
Captain and Mrs. p. D. Keifer, Off.
GERS in charge.
Sunday. September 9th:
1000 =. m.-Conpany meeting, or
Sunday School. Classes for all ages.
including q Bible class for adults.
Come and bring your children to Sun
day School. Mr.. George Stebbins 10
in charge.
1900 q. m.-Holiness meeting. A
service with the theme Holiness"
throughout. Captain Keller will bring
the message on the subject "The Heri-
tage Of the Saved"
800 p. m.-Children's meeting. Miss
Rosebud Smith in charge Of . service
for the juniors.
$40 p. m.-Young Peoples Legion.
A service conducted by the young
people, but everyone IL welcome.
Miss Rosebud Smith and Miss Leona
Sjoblom in charge.
1890 p. m.-Open air service.
500 p. m.-Rousing Salvation meet
Ing. Old time gospel singing and
speaking. Special music. Captain
Keller will bring the message speak-
Ing on the subject "A Place"
The Salvation Army extends Z
hearty welcome to all to attend their
services. II you do not have Z church
home. come to the Salvation Army ana
bring your friends. You will be made
to feel at home.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1934-09-08
|ship with us. You are always vel
come.
TRINITY LUTHERAN
Avenue A at Fourth

! TRINITY LUTHERAN
| Avenue A at Fourth
| Opie s, Rindahl, Pastor
There is q cordial welcome at Trim
fifteenth Sunday after Trinity. Sep
Church School Gas a. m.
Devotions. choral drill and class
Morning worship 1900.
sermon: "Dtyine Treasures IN CIR
Anthem: Trinity church choir. I. A.
Evening worship 1880.
Sermon: "Plans which last"
Sunday. Monday and Tuesday, Man.
dan circuit conference. at Sims.
Confirmation instruction every Sat
BISMARCK BAPTIST CHURCH
Corner Of Eighth and Rosser
J. J. Lippert, Minister
10:00-Church School. P. Klein,
ii:oo-Morning worship.
Prelude.
Special music.
Talk to the children.
%s::.es: "r,l1.d with tn. Glory OF
1:3o-Bible instruction class for the
children. X. r. Gutsche, instructor.
7:30-Our b. Y. p. U. Our young
people always render an interesting
program. The men are leading this
Topic: Cost Of Friendliness."
Special music.
S:00-Evening service:
Special music. Girls chorus.
Message: "A Trip to Milwaukee,.
500 p. m. Wednesday midweek
prayer service.
500 p. m. Friday, prayer service for
the young people.
After prayer service girls chorus
rehearsal. Let's be there and bring
others along.
You are invited to all OF these meet
ings.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1934-09-08

London gourmets need 1000 900
stalls annually: these are imported
mostly ~ 1lIplane.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-24
LION PROVED HE WAS NOT BUILT
 FOR PLAY FELLOW
Keeper Thought He Was and Therefore He Calls
 on Doctor

Jersey City, N. J., Dec 24-(UP) Arthur Taylor stood today in recognition-first, that lions have no Christmas spirit; second, that one lion has sharp claws.
 But mainly he stood in recogni- tion of the fact that it was less painful than to sit. For if Taylor's elebration-which magnanimously embraced Christmas and the high spot of his success as truckman effected a hangover, it was not ill his head.
 The high point of his career, as he related 1t to his friend Joe Siebert over beer, was the masterly way he handled the king of beasts of travelling sideshow. He loaded the lion on his truck, like that, and the big cat let out not so much as a raor all the way to Sixth avenue, New York.
 siebert poo-poohed until the foam flew.
 Indignant, Taylor insited on proving the lion was afraid of him. ell led Siebert to the sideshow and poked his arm into the lions cage. "just to shake, old fellow"
 The lion struck, caught his claws in Taylor's sleeve.
 All three roared-the lion, Tay. Tor, Siebert. Siebert grabbed Tay- Tor and, to save his arm, spun him around, back to cage.
 En route home, Taylor paused at medical center. Now he is standing for lot of things, includ- ing joshing.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-24
SENATOR TO URGE
 SECOND MEETING
Stream Ratification Group to Hear Two Reports
 Shortly

Washington, D. C., Dec 24-- Senator Lonergan, Conn.,, announc- ed today that he will call a second stream purification conference in Washington during January to take final action on reports Of a subcommittee appointed at the first conference on December 9th.
 The subcommittee headed by Secretary of War Dern, submitted two reports, he said, the majority favoring an enabling act which would permit strong central agency of the federal government to enter into treaties or compacts with the states to prevent pollu- ton, and the minority favoring a similar agency to take immediate action with enforcement powers powers derived from federal 1ur- isdiction ever navigation, sanita- tion, maritime matters and under the quarantine laws.
 Senator Lonergan said that more than thirty experts, including those who were at the first con- ference, will be invited to the sec and conference and that the plan approved by them will be imme- diately presented to the president and to congress with request for prompt action.
 The senator has bee nconducting a virorous program during the past year to prevent stream pollu- ton. declaring that the federal government must intervene to destroy pollution before it destroys 11S.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-24
French Police Deny
 Train Wreck Rumors Arrest of VagabOnd Puts Story at stll-NauOns
 Soldiers Converted Into Policemen

British soldiers were in the north. Italians in the Saar valley, Swedes on the west frontier facing France. Dutch on the east opposite Germany.
 There were $500 troops alto- gether and 1,50O more are coming With 500 foreign newspaper cor respondent present and thousands of former Saar residents returning to vote. the merchants were seure of a happy Christmas.
 There were rumors yesterday or an attempt to wreck train bear ing Italian troops through France. Denying the rumors, French police said that a man found wandering on a railway track near Kalhaus- en. in Lorraine, and unable to ex- plain his presence, was arrested. He was found to be a vagabond' they said.
 Saarbrucken streets took on g. drab aspect as the League of Na- tions governing commission en- forced it's order that there must be no more display of Nazi or other flags. Police have whitewashed posters and election slogans. It seemed, however, that all Saar- flanders long ago had made up their minds and that most of them were for return to German na- tionality.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-24
UNKNOWN MAN IS
 FOUND IN WOODS
Maine Authorities Seek Solution to Mysterious
 Death Sunday

Topsham, Me, Dec 24.-(UP)- Authorities to-day sought a solu- ton to the mysterious death of a well-dressed, middle-aged man whose snow-covered body was found by two boys Sunday in woods near here.
 Preliminary investigation re- vea1ed no wounds on the body, eight feet away, police found a loaded .25 calibre pistol, but there was no trace of an elected shell.
 Scattered on the snow nearby police found $2 in silver, Q flash light, necktie, scarf, gloves and the mans detachable collar, apparently torn from the shirt. An empty billfold was found in one pocket of the clothing, while a small mir TOT bearing the advertisement Of Waterville cleaning and dying firm was in another pocket. The name of Waterville firm also was found in the victims gray hat.
 Police said there was no snow beneath the body, indicating it had lain there before the snowstorm yesterday morning. Marks on the frozen ground beneath the feet in dicated kicking or stamping with the heels.
 The man, about 50, had sandy white hair, was partly bald and clean-shaven and wore a heavy blue overcoat and blue serge suit.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-24
GREAT LINERS TO
 HAVE CHRISTMAS


 New York, Dec 24-(U.P)-A little handicap like few hundred miles of open sea does not bother Santa Claus. At least eleven of the larger transatlantic liners will be at sea Tuesday, but Santa will visit them all.
 Six Cunard- White Star liners and five French, Italian and Ger man liners have great stores of toys, tinsel, Christmas trees, and noise makers in their holds. On all Santa will come down through the stack, preside at a huge Christmas tree in the main lounge, and pass out the toys to children passen- gers.
 The forward stacks of the larger passenger liners are used for ven- tilation purposes and are equipped with interior ladders which will be handy for Saint Nick.
 The North German Lloyd liner Europa arrived yesterday with a Christmas tree made fast to her mast. A Christmas party will be held aboard tonight at the dock for 300 of the crew and shore work CTS.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1934-12-24
MRS SCHAFFNER
 NOT YET LOCATED

Carmel, Calif., Dec. 24-(UP)- Search in the blue depths of Car mel bay for the body of Mrs El- tot Boke Schaffner, wife of the clothing manufacturer, was com plicated today by the presence of giant octupi, one of which attack ed Oscar Lagar, a diver. Lagar was searching crevasses on the floor of the bay when the octupus struck and attempted to enfold him in its tentacles. The diver slashed out with his sea knife and succeeded in getting free.
 "I was lucky to be able to reach my knife," Lagar said. "The thing had me ir its grip but I was able to slash it and it collapsed" Hunt for Mrs Schaffner's body was ex- pected to be abandoned late to- day. She has been missing since last week. Her husband, Joseph w. Schaffner, Chicago, urged con- tinuation of the search but officials believed it hopeless.