davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-09-21

his pocket. A couple of years later he
started up the Missouri and entered
the service Of the American Fur COM
pany. 1t was at Fort Union where
Dawson and Culbertson met, and In
1854 Dawson succeeded Culbertson In
charge OF Fort Benton and was entrust-
ed with the task of charging and COM
plotting the fort.
Dawson had a great sense of humoF
and generally saw the amusing side Of
lie. He was, too, a genial host and
entertained many famous men from
Europe who visited the west. One at
these was a certain Count KoskioSko,
grandson Of Count Kossuth, the famous
Polish patriot. KoSkiosko was a most
congenial soul and loved whisky q
little too much. On account of drinking
proclivities, Dawson nicknamed HIM
Count Cask of Whisky" by which title
he was known UP and down the river,
Dawson was greatly respected by the
Indians and somewhat feared, as the
cures for their sicknesses which he ef-
fected with medicine made them SUI
spect him of having supernatural pow
ers. He had many remarkable exper-
lenceS and some narrow escapes from
death at the hands of hostile tribes,
but he was absolutely fearless and ex--
tremely resourceful. He was a success
full trader and made the operations at
the fort very profitable.
1t was during the winter of 1855.
which was considered the severest ever
known IN Montana-the true intensity
OF he cold could never be estimated
as the mercury in all Thermometers
was 1rozen-that Dawson met with an
accident from which he never COM
pletely recovered. He had a trap door
over a cellar in which he kept all his
important documents. Having neglect
ed TO close this door, and going to the.
place IN the dark, he fell down the cell
lar n was stunned by the fall, lyiur
there all night. When he was discoy.
cred IN n morning, he was so weak
ana paralyzed that they had consider
aple difficulty in getting him out of the
cellar alive. Becoming weaker ply
slcaLly every year, and having almost
completely lost the use of his legs from
Inc hips downward, he decided to retire
from business, SO in the summer of 1864
ne sailed from New York for his child
MOOD home at Dalkeith, Scotland. Soon
AFTER the company disposed of its IN
terests to Hubbell, Hawley g. Smith.
VINO operated under the name of the
Northwest Fur Co. The same veal.
1864, Matthew Carroll, who died In
Helena on February 3, 1909, and George
Steele erected a store building outside
OF the fort. Other buildings followed,
n in 1865, a townsite was laid out by
Colonel W. w. DeLacy. In 1877 the
Northwest Fur company closed its bus
mess and leased the fort to the govern
ment. The fort was occupied for mil;-
tary purposes for only a short time,
however, and the historic old post O
began to fall into decay.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-09-21

diminution, added to which, it was OBJ
vious, that once in the boiling, surging
current, death was inevitable. It was a
trying time, and the feeling of relief
and thankfulness which followed our
arrival on the opposite bank may be
imagined"
Announcement was made that the
train would proceed at once to Helena.
But MIR. Wiley writes that he chad
enough for that night" and at Bedford
he took a wagon to the Bedford house.
It was then II o'clock. The train, how
ever, went on through and arrived in
Helena at 1870 o'clock or the following
morning "a mile and a half from town
in the rain and darkness, and above
all, in the mud"
Arriving in Helena at 4:30 O'Clock
that afternoon in a baggage car, which
twas bad enough" but glad that he
waited, he reached the Cosmopolitan;
good room-satisfactory house." Letters
which had arrived in advance he found
had been delivered to his son., H. B.
Wiley. who was at Sullivan and Nc
Cures, some IA to 16 miles farther
west" Informed that there was a let
ter for him at the International hotel,
he went over and found it was written
from "Greenhorn Gulch," dated June
10, and asking him to come out. It was
from his son.
A few days later MI. Wiley drove out
to Greenhorn Gulch to find his son.
1.-THE ride was beautiful, flowers in great
profusion and of great beauty. Saw 80
to 100 prairie dogs in one field, Saw a
wildcat crawling up a rock about 40 to
so feet off,"
He found his son at the company
store looking as natural as possible
After eating dinner and looking around
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-09-21
A SONG T

The State universities and colleges
have finished judging the state sons
contest. There was such a great Diff
ference of opinion that the copies that
were mentioned for first and second
place will be sent east to a competent
critic to decide the contest. The music
will be sent back to the composers first
to let them make any improvements or
changes they wish. It must be back tn
the hands of the chairman, Mrs. o. r.
Wadsworth, 104 Third Avenue. North,
Great Falls, Mont, by the 18th of o.
tober. Those who came first and sec
ond were Mrs. Edith Hatch Jameson,
Anaconda; Mr.. Arthur Merrick, Great
Falls; Mary Anderson Strum, Knowi-
ton; MI. Iven Lorenzen, Sidney; Mr.. B.
p. Markhem, Wolf Point; MI. Robert
Stevens, Great Falls.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-09-21
Cu1bertson and Dauson Were T1uo Men
Who Founded and Developed Fort Benton

to its own laws, and it was only for a
short season each year that it had even
disconnected communication by slow
river boats.
It was as a result Of this condition
that the factor Of n of the old Mis-
souri, river trading forts was almost a
king in his own domain. Many Of
them, like Kenneth Mckenzie, lived
more like kings than citizens of a re-
public, maintaining a sort of feudal
system that could have hardly been
surpassed by the smaller princes of
Europe in its absolutism.
Fort Benton, coming in the latter
period Of the fur trade, was not ruled
in the same despotic manner as Fort
Union in the earlier days, but never
theleSs, the mar in charge was possess
ed of practically absolute authority and
carried great responsibility on his
shoulders.
Alexander Culbertson succeeded
Kenneth Mckenzie as the principal
figure in the Upper Missouri river af-
fairs in the year 1882, having entered
the service of the American Fur COM
pany in 1929. His first important ap-
pointment was as commander of Fort
Mckenzie, which was built in 1882 on
the Missouri river some five miles above
the mouth of the Marias. He was a
native of Chambersburg, Pa, of Scotch
Irish parentage, six feet tall and of
fine presence, having a keen eye and a
frank and open countenance. He was
possessed of a great executive ability
and showed wonderful tact and skill
in dealing with the Indians. He sue
ceeded in winning completely the con-
fidence of the savage Blackfeet.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-09-21

placed by Major Culbertson in charge
Of the fort, Major Culbertson becoming
general agent Of the American Fur
company and making frequent trips
between st. Louis and Fort Benton.
He retained his connection with the
company until 1861, when he retired
and look up his residence at Peoria,
LII. He had accumulated a fortune of
S3O0,OOO in the fur trade, which repre-
sented much greater individual wealth
n that time than it would today. Major
Culbertson died August 81, 1879. The
town OF Culbertson, in Valley county,
was named after him.
1t is certain no white man had A.
more thorough and comprehensive
knowledge OF the early history Of what
Is today Montana than Major Culbert-
son, and the nation suffered a great
loss as a result of his failure
to write a detailed history of that per-
100 OF the fur trade in which he was a
striking figure. Many fragments of
historical facts were told by him to
Llet. Bradley, who set them forth in his
manuscripts while he was stationed at
Fort Benton in the early 7O's. The
death of Lieut.. Bradley at the Battle OF
the Big Hole deprived Montana of a
valuable and assiduous historian. Had
he lived to complete his work, there
Is little doubt that much of the most
interesting historical data that has now
been lost would have been preserved.
When Major Culbertson came among
the Blackfeet in 1893, he found that
they still had a tradition of the killing
OF a member of their tribe in 1906 nv
Captain Lewis on the Marias, the in
cldent being described in the Lewis and
Clark journals. The name of the
Blackfeet warrior was O-nie-strucks-
lumy tHe-that-looks- at-the-calf). A.
cordlng TO the Indian account, Captain
nad gone into camp on the Ma
rlas' unturling his flag, according to
custom. IN the evening a number of
6lack1eet came into camp and were
Al1loly received. but during the night
some OF n Indians ran off with some
VI captain Lewis horses. when the rest
OF the Blackfeet were detained by him
as hostages. The next morning, one
OF the hostages, watching his opportun-
n.y. seized a horse, mounted him and
aaSned away when he was fired upon
oy n OF Lewis men and killed.
The 10 years in which Major Dawson
was IN charge of Fort Benton saw the
beginning OF the end of the fur trade
as 1t was known In earlier years at the
tort. Much of the ceremony that had
Deen observed in trading with the IN
oians was dispensed with. When. In
1864, the first trading store was built
outside the fort by Carroll & Steele, the
oo-tlmers began to lament that civil
ization was encroaching and that
thlngs were getting too civilized.
Major Andrew Dawson was born
April rs, 1917, at Dalkeith, Scotland.
he came to America and to st. Louis
IN l843, landing there with rs cents in
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-09-21

north and south, two miles north, five
miles south, plateau between, IS miles
long-beautiful."
Shortly after 1 o'clock on the morn
ing of June 10, Mr.. Wiley was follow
ing up the Yellowstone-very rapid
we are now at Saltwater. The snow
covered mountains have been in sight
all day and we r approaching them
through lots of prairie dogs and goph-
ers."
Stops for business purposes were
made at Livingston and Bozeman.
went to the Sheridan house kept by
one Carson, editor of Livingston Tri-
bune. Carson was away. Mrs. Carson
kept the house in his absence-$2 per
day. Log cabin, two stories, had good
bed and decent room; fair meals. SUD-
scribed for the Livingston Tribune Tor
a year-map Of Montana thrown IN 1or
$780,"
Describing the town further, Mr..
Wiley wrote that it 'is only three o
four months old practically, some 1000
inhabitants. It IS on a plateau sur
rounded by mountains; on three sides
are visible the snow-covered peaks, the
Crazy mountains and Emigrant range.
Here issues the Yellowstone from the
national park through the canyon just
at the back of the town; through the
gap in the hills are seen the white
peaks of the high mountains, dazzling
white when the sun strikes them.
1.-THE weather was cool and delightful,
bright sun and gentle breeze, but a
storm was rushing along the range. The
mountain peaks were hidden by the
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-09-21

black clouds and lighted now and then
by the flashing of the lightning while
the believing thunder was sent down
to us in the sunlight. It is a grand and
beautiful sight; I have never seen its
equal"
It was most amazing" to Mr.. Wiley
week here" with the stores open and
building going on to some extent. He
found the ride from Livingston to Boze-
man simply stupendous. An immense
profusion of flowers of all colors car
pet the ground, all new to me except
the larkspur, one just like cyclamen,
one deep purple, and a star nly-yel-
low, ETC."
Arriving in Bozeman on June II, Mr..
Wiley went on to Helena, reaching the
capital on the 18th. During the course
of the trip, he went through an i'm
mensely interesting and beautiful coun-
try to Townsend, which is IN the Mis-
souri, river"
He also found that the scenery diff
fers along the Northern Pacific railway
line from the u. P. and Central P. line
in this way; instead Of traversing long,
desolate tracts of country day after
day, where nothing but sagebrush and
greasewood grow and where the plains
are whitened with alkali deposits, these
hills and plains are carpeted with beau-
tiful verdure, sprinkled with the most
exquisite wild flowers I have ever seen
while numberless herds of cattle and
horses are feeding on the nutritious
buffalo grass. A party who followed us
rnYNNyfc rNvriVnu vynrvy Snnor n SrNryN ~ n
buffalo, four of which were shot while
in plain sight by the ranchmen."
Reaching the Missouri river it was
found that the bridge was reported u1-
safe for the locomotive "as the piles
were being undermined by the swollen
river. We were told to walk across on
the ties. It was not too dark to see,
but as we walked out on the bridge the
current was fearful. Having walked
so feet, we took a train standing in the
middle of the river on a part of the
bridge which they said was safe. Here
We waited until a flatcar containing our
trunks, could be pushed over the dan
gerous spot and thus connect u train.
This occupied perhaps 20 minutes, dur
ing which time our car, which had no
locomotive, shook, swayed and waver-
ed as the furious current Of the river
slashed against the bridge. I was never
so much disturbed by anything that
ever threatened in the whole course of
my travelling.
IT would have walked across to the
opposite shore, but just at the end Of
the bridge glared the headlight Of the
engine which was to pull us over, and
I might have been caught by it with no
room to turn aside. This was out of
the question and there was nothing to
do but to wait until the slow motions
of the train should get us across. Mean
while the swaying went on without
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-09-21
Monthly Paroles for :
State Prison Named

The state pardon board recently ap-
proved eight discharges and 10 paroles
from the state prison at Deer Lodge for
the month Of September, according to
announcement at the capital a few
days ago.
The population Of the prison On
Sept. l was 555 as compared to 564 On
Aug. l. During the month of August
Is new prisoners were taken to the
prison.
OF the SIS prisoners at Deer Lodge
at the present time SIG are maie
whites, seven white women, Is colored
males, n colored m and 81
Chinese.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-09-21

he is to meet me here and we propose
to go to BoZeman and fit out for the
park and go in from there together for
two weeks" He was anxious to see more
of his son. 1T would be very. unsatis-
factory if I go back, seeing him only
as I already have"
Letters arrived from his home folk.
Eight days were required to receive F.
letter from New York, he observed.
lover two weeks to write and get a re-
ply" He complained of an attack of i'll
ness. II could scarcely hold up my
head. A dose of Squibbs. It has en-
abled me to overcome it entirely"
Feeling better and in condition to
travel, the journey toward the park
begins. Mr.. Wiley, however, makes an
other observation.
Just as we arrived at Greenhorn,
the man who is sluice mining there
took out a nugget of virgin gold about
the size and shape given below. (The
drawing is a rough-edged oval shaped
figure inside of which is written: 'esti-
mate $4,000. It had washed along in
the sluice with rocks, dirt, etc., and
stopped on account of its weight"
"Bozeman. We arrived here yester-
day from Helena at 1870 a. m.," writes
Mr.. Wiley on June %, 1883. Howard
came down from Greenhorn Gulch on
Tuesday, having left Sullivan and Nc
Cures camp. We spent Tuesday aft
ernoon looking about at ponies, buck
boards. etc. In the evening at S O'Clock
Ewing street to dinner. Mrs. Sanders is
a Nnry orr-nan I1o 1rJ1y Dow yTy~o D
Reed wa also there, who, with J. w.
Sanders, the son, completed the table.
After supper we walked around and
bid people goodbye, getting to bed at
1890 o'clock. We got up at $3.50 O'Clock
and left on the train at S. Got break
fast at Townsend and dinner here
Bozeman) at the N. p. hotel"
At this point Mr.. Wiley departs from
his account of the preparations to rec
, ord another stage holdup. Tuesday
night the stage from Deer Lodge was
suddenly confronted by two men, each
masked and having a pistol in each
hand, who called upon the driver tc
halt. An outside passenger, an old
resident named John Mccormack, in
stantly drew his pistol and fired two
shots at n of the road agents, one
shot taking effect in, the mans body
and dropping him. Mccormack free
at the other man, but missed him. Ir
the meantime the stage was rattline
along, n horses excited by the firing
but the other road agent fired repeat.
edly, one shot grazing the drivers cheel
while another struck one Of the vince
horses in the head from the effect O.
which he died after going half a mile
Parties went in pursuit from French
Woman's creek"
After writing a paragraph describing
the initial preparations made for tn.
park trip, Mr.. Wiley says, II forgot tt
mention that during the last evenins
We were in Helena, we we're introduced
to Major Blaine, j. G.. BIS brother"
CTo Be Continued)
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-09-21
Old Timer Writes of Walk
He Took to State in 1874

James F. McClosky, 80 gears old, of Germantoeon, Pa,
lately Urote Governor Frank H.. Cooney that IN 1874 he
walked from Blackrock or Snake River, Idaho, to Benson's
Landing on the YELLOWSTONE 111ver near Billings, and that he
in Montana IN 1874 and asked for Information about them.
The letter avas turned over to David H1ger. state histor1-
cal library chief, By the governor Among the men Nc
Closky kpeav so gears ago were Sheriff EraUin; Buckskim W.T.
lams and Johnny Clark, the letter said.
An incident of the time recalled By the letter qvas the
murder of tao soldiers By Indians, five of whom avere con-
demned to be hanged, and aOho hanged themselves, after sing
ing all might the death chant IN the jail, tuo going first and
three following.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-09-21

ena. I stopped off
here - rainy and
muddy - the ap-
pearance Of the
town is very de-
pressing: must see
the county COM
missioners and get
on to Helena as
o o as possible"
he writes.
When the wealth
er Gle a r e d up,
Billings k e d
better. It is in a
fine location. bluff
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-09-21
I'm FOUR PARTS-PART ONE)

I'm FOUR PARTS-PART ONE)
It was q beautiful day on June .,
1883, when Abraham S. Wiley ar
rived in Miles City from Detroit,
Mich. He was the sales agent for his
own concern, a safe manufacturing
firm. MI. Wiley records in his diary,
which Is in the possession of his son,
Howard b. Wiley, for 50 years a Miles
City banker, that he left Detroit on
June l. Continuing his journey from
Miles City, Mr.. Wiley arrived early
in Billings on the following morning.
'"Took breakfast with Sanders, j. w.
and Mr.. and Mrs. Spofford at the Head
quarters hotel. They went on to Hell
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-09-21
ALFALFA SEED CROP

Andy Jones is one of the few Pow
der River county ranchers who has
harvested an alfalfa seed crop. Nj.
Jones has been a successful seed now
er for a number of years, and while his
crop does not compare in volume to
former years, for the season it makes q
very respectable showing.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1934-09-21

A European manufacturer is making
paper from refuse ends Of asparagus.
Evening star., 1934-06-14

Ed a nnls GASOLINE
fon tr.a ~ q gallon, STATE fay.
j! Filling Stations
Evening star., 1934-06-14
|sCas' Racket
lev Shows 40 P: c; OF
Dealers Selling
falsely Labeled Product
.. 'Roo:tIeooers- =: -Non-Alcoholl!c2 l2
e. ,,.,.. Form sy,Sss'.. n s'ss''t s'e'"
7a''s s;.,. soo,.--eyp sus'< "''S Bad S'''
s,.s. .aoo coo 900 Ts''''

,o0.n,or, r.. pssas q. sses" - ,.sz,ssit. ~
.. ~ az, r -, s 80 -. Ssss Ss ,.: r:s -
ssssos S1ps i1,, 70 ,s' ss sdx1N' ss:s9 ~ s.s x
ssSSsy oss,sSoo 1eossa va .ssros aS'ss>< %
ro.etNS ro.s2,s. s1sesso.or< frt eD ...-nsS
esrrs.s 49, - ss<<sss, q oH>s a. o -
aVHR7lAA
Evening star., 1934-06-14
Woman Kills Self
after Being Freed
In Husbands Death
Suicide Note Makes
Vague Mention of T,CO
Missing Children.
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
KANSAS CITY, June 14.-Mrs
Dolly Elwell, Chicago, died early yes
terday of self-infiicted bullet wound.
She shot herself through the head
yesterday in a hotel here. She had
brooded over the death of her hus-
band, James Elwell. general manager
OF a Chicago printing house. whom
she killed She was exonerated when
she pleaded self defense.
Police were seeking her two small
children whose whereabouts caused
relatives concern.
Mrs. F. VogeltanZ, a sister, said
in Chicago Mrs. Elwell had taken the
children with her. A note left in the
hotel room mentioned the children
vaguely.
"Once I had everything" It said. "a
home, babies-but for one insane mo-
ment they would still be mine. Now
there is nothing for me-nothing-.'
She registered at the hotel Monday
morning.
Evening star., 1934-06-14
RADIO CENSORSHIP
FOUGHT VIGOROUSLY
Manufacturers Are Advised Air
Communication Must Be
Classed With Press.
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, June 14-Radio is to
be classed with the press as a field
In which censorship must not be per-
mitted. John w. Van Allen of Buffalo
told the Radio Manufacturers Asso-
citation, lest despotism result.
Van Allen, general counsel of the
association, continued:
"Democracies thrive only when the
means of communicating informa-
ton on public affairs is free, un-
trammeled and unhindered by partisan
political influence"
With respect to the N. R. A., he
said: "It is apparent that the Nation
is not yet convinced of its permanent
value nor of its utter futility.
"Just as newspapers and periodicals
are the natural guardians of the right
of the people to freedom of the press
so are the broadcasters the natural
guardians of the right of freedom
of speech, and they, too, have been
alert in protecting the right from en-
croachment or abuse" =,
Evening star., 1934-06-14
COMMITTEE FIXES
s16,o)O,ODD ROUTE
Scenic Highway to Connect
Shenandoah and Great
Smoky Parks.
BY the Associated Press.

BY JQo AsSOSldtto ASSS'
A definite route for the proposed
$4,000, 900 scenic highway to connect
the Shenandoah National Park In
virginia with the great Smoky Noun
tains National Park in North Caro-
lima and Tennessee has been agreed
upon by a special committee appoint
ed by Secretary of the Interior 1ckes
to study the project, A. B. Cammerer,
head of the National Park Service
and a member of the committee, said
yesterday.
Cammerer said he and Thomas H.
Mcdonald, chief of the Federal Bu-
reau of Roads, had signed the re-
port which was forwarded to Balti-
more for the signature of George l..
Ratcliffe, regional public works di-
rector and third member OF the COM
rnittee.
The decision of the committee
must be approved by Secretary Ickes,
who is expected to announce the To-
cation.
Three principal routes were pro-
posed for the highway, which would
be public works project. One called
for an Virginia North Carolina
location, second an all-Virginia-
Tennessee route, while the third was
a compromise combination with loca-
tions in all three States.
The proposed road, for which S4,-
100000 in public works funds al
ready has been allocated, would be
more than 400 miles long.
Mcdonald said short part of the
undisputed route in Virginia already
was ready for bids, which may be
asked shortly. Approximately 100 miles
Of the road in Virginia has been
tagged out" he said.
Representative Doughton, Democrat,
N. c., through whose district runs
part of the proposed Virginia-No
Carolina route, said he was confident
North Carolina would get all or a
good part of the road after it leaves
Virginia"
Evening star., 1934-06-14
U. S. BOARD TO CONTINUE
PROBE OF UTILITIES
BY the Associa ted Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The Federal Trade Commission was
directed by the Senate yesterday to
continue its investigation of public
utility companies until January, 1886.
A resolution by Senator Norris, Re-
publican, of Nebraska, authorizing
continuation of the inquiry, was
adopted by unanimous consent.
1t said the commission was plan
ming to close the inquiry because Of
lack of time and money. but that ut
is in the public interest that certain
of said corporations be Investigated" !"