davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1934-06-06

and the elimination of competition,
all of which they were estopped from
doing In ordinary times.
In that same law the National In
dustrial Recovery Act, and in what
were declared in favor of employees.
Thee rights relate to freedom on
the part Of employees to organize
and bargain collectively. A provision
was made for the Incorporation Of
these rights in the various codes.
The President later established a
Labor Board by executive order
which was entrusted with the duty
Of trying to adjust labor disputes
arising out of and as a result of the
enactment of the National Industrial
Recovery Act This board soon dis
covered that the rights, stated more
or less in general terms, were ambig-
uous and misleading, both to en-
ployers and employees as to their ex-
act rights under the law. At times
different groups Of employees repre-
senting different labor organizations
IN the same industry claimed the
right to represent the employees in
their particular plant in dealing
with their employers. Some employ
ers Disseminated in favor Of one
group against another, or one or
ganiZation against another. Some
employers assume a hostile attitude
against all attempts to organize their
employees. These differences and, in
some cases, rivalries between en-
ployes and a confused and suspi-
cious state of mind on the part Of
some employers have resulted in
strikes and the numerous labor dis
putes We have been experiencing.
Cause of Misunderstanding.
All the members of the Presidents
Labor Board, including those repre-
senting labor and those representing
the employers. reached the conclu-
sion that the general declarations in
Section IA of the National Industrial
Recovery Act tend to make for mis-
understandings. They found that abb
sence Of a clear and unmistakable
definition of the rights of employers
and employees handicapped the boards
activities to promote peace and
maintain the rights of the parties to
these disputes. The absence Of de-
fined power and authority in the
board itself and Of proper enforce
ment provisions has added to the
confusion. Mark you, the board has
no statutory existence. but is merely
a temporary organization created by
the President Whatever authority
the board possesses will end next
July, when the National Industrial
Recovery Act expires. Employers
standing strictly on their legal rights
have questioned and, in some cases,
defied the authority of this board.
Evening star., 1934-06-06

to it" were eliminated. The reason
that employers urge the elimination
Of these words is because 1t has been
and is the practice of employers to
render financial assistance to so-caile6
company union or the individual shop
union that Is organized independently
OF the national trade unions. The
committee considered this question
with much care. We found that the
claim made by the leaders Of the ma
tional labor organizations was to the
effect that many company unions, be-
cause of the financial contributions
by employers, were subsidized organi-
cations; that in many instances the
employer dictated the text Of the con-
stitution and bylaws to these organi-
cations. paid the expense of holding
meetings and elections Of the organi-
cations, extended special benefits that
attracted their employees to member
ship in the company union, and some
times made financial contributions to
one or several rival labor organiza-
tions. We reached the conclusion that
financial support in some instances
CONTINUED on Fourteenth Page.)
Evening star., 1934-06-06
LABOR BILL PLAN
. GIVEN BY WALSH
Forum Speaker Says Servi-
tude and Autocracy Must
Be Overcome.

No solution has been found to the
problem of industrial strikes because
the solutions proposed in the past
have substituted "Servitude and au-
tocracy" for freedom and democ-
racy."
Senator David I. Walsh, Democrat,
of Massachusetts,, made this asser-
tion last night in an address in the
National Radio Forum, arranged by
The Washington Star and broadcast
over a coast-to-coast network of the
National Broadcasting Co. The ad-
dress was heard in Washington from
WRC.
Senator Walsh explained in de-
tail the Wagner bill. known as the
national industrial adjustment act,
now pending before the Senate, and
which, the Senator said. has been
widely misinterpreted and misrepre-
sented.
Looks to Cooperation.
This bill is intended to restrain
that class of employers who have
failed to realize the thing we call
social Justice as between employer
and employe," Senator Walsh de-
clared IF employers accept the law
in a friendly and cooperative way,
and if employees realize that these
rights are granted, not for the pur-
pose of arousing hostilities or mis-
understandings between them and
their employers, but for the purpose
of paving the way for cooperation
c1 f,o
still and promote better relations be-
tween all classes and groups in in
xlustry."
Necessity for the law, he contin-
ued, lies in the fact that the pres
ent National Labor Board has no
statutory existence, but is merely a
temporary organization created by
the President. Whatever authority
the board possesses will end next
July. when the national industrial
recovery act expires"
Senator Walsh went into detail to
explain the things the bill does for
both emlpoye and employer. and the
things the bill does not do for the
two classes.
"A crude Illustration is this" he
NCCldAC0 4iIO bAiA AA4d4SdCCo VIC
method and manner in which en-
ployes may organize if they choose.
the method and manner of selecting
their representatives or spokesmen,
and leads them to the Office door of
their employer with legal authority
to negotiate for their fellow employees.
This bill does not go beyond the Of
flee door 1t leaves the discussion
between the employer and the en-
ploye, and the agreements which they
may or may not make, voluntary and
with that sacredness and solemnity
with which both parties to the agree
ment should be enShrouded"
The text of Senator Walsh's speech
follows:
That labor disputes leading to
strikes and lockouts are occurring al
togther too frequently can not be
denied. That they are likely to con-
tinue in increasing number and in
tensity during the coming months is
feared
What, if anything, can the Gov
eminent do to check this economic
waste, these conflicts between en-
ployers and employees, that invariably
disturb the tranquility of a COM
munity, impede industrial recovery
Evening star., 1934-06-06

and frequently result in violence and
loss of lie.
There is ample law to punish all
acts of violence to person and prop
erty whenever they occur. But can
not some law be enacted that will
force a peaceful solution of labor
differences before a strike Is declared
or at least before the punishable acts
of violence occur? The answer to
this question has not yet been COM
pletely found.
And what IS the reason? Two
words, freedom, and democracy. The
solutions, invariably proposed. sub
Stitute servitude and autocracy.
1t is a generally accepted right in
all democracies that no law should
require any person to render labor
or services for another without his
consent. This is the inalienable right
of free men, Consent to work in
cludes, of course, consent not to
work A strike is refusal by en-
ployes collectively to render labor or
services.
Again I press the question-how
can we prevent strikes? The appli-
cation by employees and their labor
leaders and employers and their rep
resentatives of the Christian prin-
ciples of social justice would solve
this problem, but this seems impos-
sible under existing conditions Of
selfshness and greed, of distrust and
suspicion, of irreligion and mate
rialiSm.
But can statutory amendment
compel the execution by employe and
employer of the principle of social
justice? Certainly not, the law can
not attune mems consciences to the
natural laws. of justice. The law,
however, can point out what acts
are in conflict with justice, forbid
them and punish those who commit
them. This is exactly what the bill
pending before Congress, which we
are now to analyze, proposes to do.
When introduced by Senator Wag-
ner, whose keen interest in social
welfare and labor legislation is ma
Evening star., 1934-06-06

compels any employer to make any
agreement about wages, hours of en-
ployment or working conditions with
his employees.
The bill does provide the means
and manner in which employees may
approach their employers to discuss
grievances and permit the board to
! ascertain and certify the persons or
organization favored by a majority
of the employees to represent them
in collective bargaining, when the
question of that representation Is In
doubt or dispute. Beyond this the
bill does not 60.
A crude illustration Is this; the
bill indicates the method and man.
ner in which employees may organize
If they choose, the method and man
ner of selecting their representatives
or spokesmen, and leads them to the
Office door Of their employer with
the legal authority to negotiate fol
their fellow employees. The bill does
not go beyond the Office door. II
leaves the discussion between the
employer and the employe. and the
agreements which they may or may
not make, voluntary and with that
sacredness and solemnity with which
both parties to an agreement should
be enshrouded.
Having, I hope, removed some of
the misconceptions of the bill, let
me state in more detail Just what
the bill does do. 1t lists certain
practices in which some employers,
I regret to say. are prone to indulge,
and which are specifically declared
to be unfair. These unfair labor
practices are as follows:
First, for an employer to interfere
or coerce the exercise by employees Of
certain rights which are admitted
everywhere to be the basis of indus
trial no less than political democracy,
namely, the right to be free to form
or join organizations, to designate rep
resentatives and to engage in con-
certed activities for their mutual well
fare. Up to the present time have
never met any reputable employer who
is willing to publicly deny this right
to employees.
AS defined in the original Wagner
Evening star., 1934-06-06

bill, the employer was to be restrained
from influencing, as well as "interfer-
ing or coercing," his employees with
respect to forming or joining a labor
organization. Our Senate committee
in redrafting the bill eliminates the
word influencing" for We believed
that both employees and employers
ought to enjoy the right of peaceful
persuasion with respect to Joining or
not joining labor organization. It
does restrain an employer from inter-
fering or coercing in this matter.
The second unfair labor practice is
directed against the employees. 1t Is
the only one relating to restriction ON
employees. 1t prevents employees from
interfering or coercing employers in
the exercise OF the latter's right to
join or to form organizations and to
designate representatives OF their own
choosing for the purpose of collective
bargaining. Employers are inclined to
make light Of this restraint upon en-
ployes, fer they assert that this Is not
OF any benefit to them and there is no
necessity Of such inhibition. Evidence
before our committee was, however,
that on occasions labor organizations
have attempted to coerce employers
from joining trade organizations that
were in disfavor of labor organizations.
Organization Protected.
The third unfair labor practice that
is prohibited prevents an employer
from interfering with or dominating
the administration Of any labor or
ganization, or contributing financial
support to it. All employers unhesi-
tatingly approved of this clause If the
words "or contribute financial support
Evening star., 1934-06-06

CONTINUED on Fourteenth Page.)
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1934-09-04
WHERE WILL THE MONEY COME
FROM2

In a recent editorial the St. Louis
Globe Democrat points out that if the rail
roads are to hold their place as great in
straments of public service, inequitable
and destructive competition from other,
less necessary carriers must be stopped.
Recent statistics show the seriousness
of the railroad problem. In 1882, the
lines lacked $140,000,000 of earning
revenue sufficient to pay fixed charges, ir-
respective of any operating profit. In
1888 the deficit was reduced to S13, 0O0,-
900, and the outlook for better earnings in
1884 seemed good. Now, however oper-
ating costs occasioned by recent legisla-
ton, are rising more rapidly than is
revenue. It is estimated that the increases
in expenses will reach an annual figure of
S359,000. 600 and will cause total operating
expense in 1884 to be Is per cent above
the 1888 level.
The railroads can earn the money to
pay these costs-if they are treated fairly
They cannot earn it so long as subsidized
carriers ply the waterways and the high
ways, taking more and more of their bust
ness. In brief, they cannot continue to
exist as the only regulated common car
rier, while other carriers are free to do as
they wish
The Globe Democrat believes that all
carriers should be subjected to exactly the
same type of regulation. That is certainly
reasonable and logical, and it must be done
if the country is to continue to have first
class, dependable transportation.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1934-09-04
OATHS FOR TEACHERS

Teachers in both public and private
schools in the state of New York will be
required to take the oath of allegiance, in
compliance with law recently passed and
signed by Governor Lehman. Bills con-
tanning a similar provision are proposed il
several other states.
1t might seem to some that such law
is superfluous, but the fact that many
teachers have protested against taking the
oath indicates that the requirement may
not be bad idea. 1t is said that no less
than 500 teachers in New York City alone
have objected to swearing allegiance to
the government and the Constitution.
Every official must take the con-
stitutional oath of office, and as there are
few positions in which loyalty to the
nation is more essential than that of a
teacher, it is difficult to see why there
should be any objection to it, unless the
teacher be a Communist or other enemy
of American institutions.
A loyal teacher could have no valid
reason for not declaring his or her loyalty,
while a refusal to make such a declara.
ton would be rather conclusive evidence
that the teacher in question was unfit to
teach future American citizens
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1934-09-04
SINCLAIR's VICTORY

Perhaps the most unexpected de-
velopment in the political campaign OF
1884, so far is the nomination of Upton
Sinclair, veteran Socialist leader, as the
Democratic candidate for governor of
California. He won the nomination over
three prominent regular Democrats, one of
whom was the palty's nominee for COVER
nor in 1880.
Upton Sinclair has been an in
defatigable worker for the cause of
Socialism for more than 30 years, having
been the Socialist candidate for Congress
IN New Jersey as far back as 1906. He
was also the Socialist party's candidate for
Congress- from California in 1920, for the
United States Senate in 1922, and for
governor in 1926.
He is the founder of the Intercol-
legiate Socialist Society, which has been
actively devoted to the spread of Socialism
in American colleges and universities, and
wherever else it might disseminate its doc
trines.
How President Roosevelt views the
nomination of Sinclair by the Democrats
has not been disclosed as this is written,
but the situation which it has created is
most interesting, and will furnish the sub
ject of much speculation during the re-
mainder of the campaign.
Sinclair will be opposed in the Novem-
Der election by the present Republican gov
ernor, Frank f. Merriam, who succeeded
to the office upon the death of Governor
Rolph a few months ago.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1934-09-04

foorboard, and then have TO wait Just
that much longer at the next stop light.
We hurry like maniacs all day, and
at night it all adds up to a saving of
perhaps FIVE minutes for the day.
Well, that's the FIVE minutes per day
| ask Mr.. Motorist to give to the cause
of safety.
Statistics gathered by The Travellers
Insurance Company show that
definitely large percentage of accidents
are caused by undue haste-by people
trying to save FIVE minutes they don't
particularly need to save in the first
place.
Just amble along more. Enjoy the
journey as you go. Start Ave minutes
earlier. And you may not only avoid
killing somebody, but you'll keep your
blood pressure down and live a few
years longer yourself-and thus more
than get back the five minutes a day
YOU have contributed to the cause of
safety.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1934-09-04
WEATHER CONDITIONS

The south Atlantic disturbance
moved inland over north Carolina
Sunday night and is central this
morning over eastern Pennsyl-
vania, New York City, 29.80 IN
Chez. It has caused general rains
in the middle and north Atlantic
States during the last "a hours.
and fresh winds on the middle At
lantic coast.
Another disturbance is central
This morning over the Lake region.
Detroit. Mich, 1892 inches and
pressure is low southwark to the
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1934-09-04
TODAY,S W.EATHERl:aatts

east Gulf coast; while a moder-
ate high pressure area is crested
over Texas. Abilene zoos inches.
and pressure is also high OFF, The
south Atlantic coast. There have
been rains from Texas northward
over the Lake region since yester-
day morning. Temperatures have
fallen considerably below normal
in Texas. the Mississippi and low
en- Ohio Valleys and upper Lake
region, being Is degrees below the
seasonal average in Arkansas;
while readings are generally near
OF above normal in the Atlantic
States.
G. S. KENNEDY,
Official In CHARGE
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1934-09-04

According to the Miami Herald, the
United States meteorologist of Miami in
forms this paper the bureau is responsible
in Monroe county with the exception of
Key West and the adjacent islands. After
i''esoding Key West and adjacent islands
there isn't much left in Monroe county ex-
cent Cape Sable.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1934-09-04

James w. Smith of Halifax
Canada has written to the Key
West Chamber of Commerce to
inquire about htc advisability of
establishing a fish canning fac
tory in this city. Mir. Smith is an
xious to locate in Florida, prefer
ably i'm Key West. Key West
should be a fertile field for the
plant While the supply of fish
would be far greater in the Win
ter, yet the factory could be kept
going also in the summer, FOR
there is no end of fish i'm local wa
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1934-09-04
Five Minutes a Day?
Il Inotoriaf Mrifes rl1e:

A motorist writes me:
You talk as If wanted to have
accidents. I'm not exactly craving
accidents. And l don't suppose
the $50, 600 people who were killed
or injured in automobile accidents
last year were exactly out looking
for accidents. An accident is an
accident. That's why they call it
an accident. What do you expect
me to do to prevent the unex-
pectedf I'll try anything. What
do You suggest
My answer to Mr.. Motorist is: VII
you contribute FIVE minutes a day Il
the cause OF safety
Just slow yourself down about fve
minutes a day.
believe If every driver would dc
this We could reduce accidents about
SO per cent in this country in iiffy.
Our great American weakness is &c
step on It.. It's just a nervous habit
We Mham the acc@,erator down TO fhs
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1934-09-04

probably showers; gentle variable
winds.
Jacksonville to Florida Straits
Gentle variable winds and partly
overcast weather tonight and
Wednesday. probably scattered
showers "Wednesday.
East Gulf: Gentle to moderate
southerly winds over south ror-
ton and moderate shifting winds
becoming northerly over north
portion.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1934-09-04

Editorial Comment: Key West
parents look forward to the COM
ing school year as a period of the
utmost Importance. They can
help further by. Backing up
Discipline of school. Becoming
personally acquainted with the
children's teachers. cast their in
.tluence in behalf of liberal
school policy. become interested
in educational problems.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1934-09-04

When checks were not forthcoming
TO relief workers at Huntsville, Ala, be-
cause they had not put in their full time.
several scores of them promptly threatened
20 bold officials prisoners all night +,
whereupon they were paid. Nothing like
standing up for ones rights.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1934-09-04

Results Of the FERA rehabilitation of
Key West are reported i'm the Key West
Citizen AS bringing more than 100 per
cent increase in the number of vehicles
arriving in that city from the Overseas
highway than arrived during a similar
period last year. Maybe FERA opera
ton for all of us would bring similar
prosperity Daily News.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1934-09-04
KEY WEST IN
DAYS GONE BY
happenings Here Jusi 10 Years
Ago Today AZ Taken From
The Files OF The Citizen

The swallows are already here.
Cold winds are blowing 10 the
north and Tsnowbirds'' are begin
ming their long trip south. A Mi
ami newspaper, anticipating the
s'boes, has petitiened their city Of
ficials to keep them moving. Key
West shoala likewise send them
back up the c63st as soon as they
arrive here. Last winter Key West
was visited by quite number of
these snowbirds. who, by their
providing and begging, We're con-
tinued nuisance besides a real
menace. The Key West Chapter
soon cleared the city Of these un-
welcome visitors last year and are
expected to keep close watch
this year for the flocks of snow
birds arriving from the north.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1934-09-04

William Mccarthy of this city
is i'm receipt of letter from a
resident of Texas. who is seeking
to locate in Florida and would
like to choose Key West as hi'
home. Mr.. Mccarthy has for
warded n reply in which he ma
emphasized Key Vests eouitabl.
climate, excellent fishing and
great hospitality.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1934-09-04

VIM. r. Porter win be surprised when
informed that he has been president of the
First National Bank since 1912. and
descendants of Maxine Gomez will be in
terested to know if advised that their
illustrioas sire had once been president Of
Cuba. OF course fallacious statements
from irresponsible sources do not merit
ienial. but We need this space to fill OUT
Abe column.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1934-09-04
tiers that come under the elassi-
fieation of "bottom fish"

Senator Duncan Y. fiete"e'
viii arrive in Key West on the
morning train tomorrow, ana the
Chamber of Commerce has Or
ranged for rs many Key Westers
as possible to meet him during his
visit here. After arrival he viii
go directly to the rooms OF the
Chamber of Commerce and there
all residents Of Key West are ~
vited to call and see him.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1934-09-04

Fred Girton. editor of Miami Friday
Night. says he is mighty glad he is free
American. Congratulations. Tell US, or if
necessary whisper, how it's done. We
would like To be free, too.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1934-09-04

The "no-tipping" ordinance in Key
West. that provides fine for those found
guilty Of the 0ffense. is a step in the right
direction. 1t gives hope that Key West
viii really be unique Winter resort.
Jacksonville American.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1934-09-04
: " . . i" = :" . . . . . . = .
Ioday's Birthdays:


Simon Lake Of Conn.,, naval
architect and mechanical engi-
neer. inventor of the first sue
cessful submarine. born at Pleas
antville, n. j., IS years ago.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1934-09-04

A fellow was seen furtively looking
about while weighing himself Possibly in
fear of a cop catching him tipping thn
scales. These hOary ones come in handy
since the non-tipping ordinance has be,
come law.