davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1934-03-22
in the category of the small consumer.

in the category of the small consumer,
Carl r. Erickson, Commissioner of
Purchases, stated at a recent code
hearing in Washington Anticipated
expenditures were determined by the
comparatively low commodity price
levels, by the usual discounts, and
other privileges extended to quantity
buyers. The Department now finds it
difficult to carry on necessary bust
ness with it's limited resources.
The leisure time and recreation
program. held up during the winter
months, has just been inaugurated by
the state emergency relief committee
with about 700 leaders already ap-
pointed and 300 more to follow when
CONTINUED on Page 81
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1934-03-22
GRADUATES TO-DAY

Amongst the graduates from the
Minnesota University today is Miss
Ingrid o. Miller, daughter of County
Superintendent of Schools and Mrs.
]. P. Miller of Pine City. The exer-
cises are being held at Northrup Me-
mortal at 1920 a. m. Miss Miller
took her first years college work at
Grand View in Des MOines, Iowa, and
the last three years at the Minnesota
u, where she now graduates with a
class Of 200. Her work has been in
the library, science and English and
degree.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1934-03-22
CLUB MEETS MARCH 20

The Sandstone Farmer-Labor Club
will have business meeting on Fri
day, March 80, at s p. M, to elect two
committeeman to the county central
committee. State convention dele
gates will also report.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1934-03-22
SEED LOAN MAN TO BE HERE

Vincent p. Mccoy. government field
supervisor for seed loans, has an
nounced he will be in Askov at the
office of A. Gravesen in the American
Publishing Co. building ON Tuesday,
April 3. Mr.. Mccoy advises that all
needing seed loans to make applica-
ton on that day.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1934-03-22

ranged for only that debtors and
creditors should get together.
Charles Egley, manager of the
Farmers Union Stock Yard, South st.
Paul. was in the audience and talked
briefly before the close of the meeting.
A similar meeting was held at the
armory in Pine City the same eve
ming.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1934-03-22
SURVEYING WOODS

A crew of six men, sent out from
the State Conservation Department,
came to Pine City Monday and are
busy making a land use survey of the
wooded area east of the village in the
st. Croix river neighborhood.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1934-03-22
OPERATED MONDAY

Oscar Schultz, Pokegama township
farmer, is very i'll following an oper-
alton Monday in a Minneapolis hos
pital for a tumor on the brain.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1934-03-22

Heard at the school house: Teach
err: "You can't sleep in my class -
Student: II can If you don't get too
noisy"
Montana labor news., 1934-11-08
Experience Cited
In Criticism
OF Housing

WASHINGTON-FP)-" Subsidiz-
ing housing by low interest rates
means substituting landowners, not ten
ants, under present tax systems says
the Peoples Lobby, Of which Prof. j
Dewey is president, commenting on
Pres. R%oosevelt's housing program. It
states that the program is being block
ed by land spectators.
Citing British experience with such
plans, the Lobby points out that pub
lie housing in Great Britain has failed
to provide good housing at rentals
within the reach OF low-wage workers
though, except in industrial centers,
the amount paid for land per family
with Il to the acre is only about as
much as annual ground rental at 5
per cent with p families per acre at the
lowest price the U. S. Housing Cor
poration could obtain land"
The housing program Of the British
Labor party, the Lobby points out,
calls for a national tax on all land val
ues, and transfer Of local taxes from
buildings to land values. 1t also adj
vocates giving the Housing Commiss-
ion statutory powers to deal with sup
plies and prices, directly carrying on
the manufacture OF supplies and fixing
prices, if necessary.
Montana labor news., 1934-11-08
MORE FIRMS LOSE
Blue EAGLE RIGHTS

WASHINGTON.-The National In
dustrial Recovery Board has deprived
seven more firms Of the right to use
NRA insignia. This action was taken
on recommendation of the Compliance
Council that the firms had violated
code provisions. OF the seven, five
were charged with labor chiseling, as
follows:
Trout Lumber Co., Inc, Douglasville,
Ca, violated the wage and hour pro-
visions of the lumber code.
Jerry Garment Co., 1859 Milwaukee
Ave, Chicago, violated the wage and
hour provisions of the blouse and
skirt manufacturing industry code.
Burley & Winter Pottery Co.,
Crooksville, Ohio; violated the labor
and trade practice provisions of the
earthenware manufacturing industry
code.
DeLamaters Pharmacy (Ira Della
mater, Prop operating two stores in
Atlanta, Ca, violated the wage and
hour provisions Of the retail drug
code.
Keystone Manufacturing Co., Bair,
York County, Pa. violated the wage
and hour provisions of the cotton gar
ment industry code, failed to file sta
~tistical reports with the code authority,
! and misused NRA labels.
Montana labor news., 1934-11-08
ROOSEVELT EXTENDS AUTO CODE
UNCHANGED, DESPITE LABOR PROTESTS

WASHINGTON. OPP President
Roosevelt's order for extension Of the
automobile code without any changes
was a blow to those workers who had
relied upon General Johnson's promise
that a public hearing on labor's griev-
ances would be held before the code
was extended. The president an
nounced his decision November 2, a
day before the code was to expire.
In granting the manufacturers de-
mand that the code be extended with
out any of the changes desired by la
Dor, Roosevelt attempted to sugar the
bitter pill for the workers by setting
the limit of the extension at February
l, the height Of the production season.
The manufacturers would have pre-
ferred a longer extension, so that ex-
piration might come at a time when
the workers had less bargaining power.
But they are probably confident that
matters can be stalled along, as was
done at the time of the big auto strike
threats, until business will slacken.
One of labor's chief grievances with
the automobile code is the notorious
merit" clause, which permits an en-
ployer arbitrarily to fire workers on
pretexts of inefficiency or other de-
merits decided by the employer him
self. 1t has been used to fight union
CONTINUED to Page A
Montana labor news., 1934-11-08
Industries Seek To
Avoid Organization
A. F. of L. Announcement of
Drive Sends Industry Scurry-
ing For Possible Means of Eff
fecting Compromise

WASHINGTON. 1t is reported
here on what is believed to be reliable
authority that conferences have al
ready been held and others will be
held, by leaders in both the automobile
and steel industries, in an effort to
find a possible means of ~effecting a
compromise between the representa-
ton plan," or company unions, of or
ganizing employees and the proposed
complete organization of employees in
these industries, among others, by the
American Federation Of Labor.
Announcement of the A. F. OF L.
that industrial unions would be or
gained in the automobile, cement and
aluminium industries and that an in
tensive organization drive would start
Immediately in the steel industry, has
apparently sent leaders of these in
dustries scurrying in an effort to head
off organization of their employees
into bona-fide labor unions.
While conferences on the subject
have been held, there has been no
official announcement concerning the
matter.
In the meantime, the A. F. of L.
organization drive is already actually
under way, with the announced deter
mination that it shall be successful.
Montana labor news., 1934-11-08

WASHINGTON, D. C.-QLNS)-
"The Brown & Williams Tobacco Cor
poration, by its cooperation with the
Tobacco Workers International Union,
has set a shining example for industry
in general" E. Lewis Evans, president
Of the union told International Labor
News Service here.
"If more of the spirit of co-op-
Grafton, as manifested by the
Brown & Williamson Corporation,
was shown by all industry" Mr..
Evans continued, labor would be
much more willing to go along
with employers and there would
be fare less friction and disagree
ment between employers and en-
pIoyes."
Mr.. Evans is proud Of the agree
ment with the Brown & Williamson
Corporation and sees it as the fore
runner of many more in the tobacco
industry, long notorious for low
wages and exploitation of its workers.
He pointed out that since the Brown
& Williamson Corporation last De-
cember signed an agreement with
Local Union No. 1876 Of the Tobacco
Workers Union, its business has
shown a very substantial increase.
Continued to Page a
Montana labor news., 1934-11-08
u. 7. W. Leaders
Offers Union En-
ployer Cooperation

WASHINGTON.-(FP)-A plan for
cooperation with the textile employ
ers for the extension Of markets and in
matters of industrial relations, is adj
vanced by Vice Pres. Francis J.. Cor
mar of the United Textile Workers in
a letter sent November 2 to Chairman
George A. Sloan of the Cotton Textile
Institute.
The union leader proposes confer
ences with the employers ito create
joint employer-union machinery for
the expansion and extension of the
textile market" He mentions compe-
tition with the British and japanese
textile industries as well as Expansion
of the domestic market"
we extend to you this offer OF CO.
operation" says German. 1T may be
possible to create a joint council
Joint cooperation should extend be-
yond the matter of extending the use
of textiles, and our offer of co-opera-
ton covers the entire field Of indus
trial relations, naturally"
Montana labor news., 1934-11-08
Bergoff, Notorious Mercenary, Boasts of Stirring
Up Strife Through Spy System; Tells of Huge
Profits; Lists Railroads Among Clients; Always
Ready With Army of Thugs.
By CHARLES M. KELLEY.

If Confession is good for the soul"
then P. l.. Bergoff, head of the
Bergoff Service Bureau, probably
Americas most notorious strike-break-
ing agency, should be resting easily.
In an amazingly frank article writ
ten for the New York Evening Post"
Bergoff has sketched his experiences
as a mercenary in industrial conflicts,
in which he confirms everything that
labor has long charged about his ne
farious business and much that has
only been suspected.
"Strikebreaking is my profession"
says Bergoff, boastfully. a have been
a leader in the field for more than 80
years, almost without interruption. l
have modified small armies on a few
hours notice, answering the call of
railroads, traction and steamship COM
panies and other employers in scores of
American cities.
In Other Countries.
Twice | have shipped men out of
the country to break strikes-once to
CuDd dlu dlOlllGI llHlC 10 AdUdud
We have done our part in recent
strikes. Textiles in the South and
public utilities in Milwaukee have been
among our most recent clients"
Unblushingly, Bergoff declares that
he maintains an elaborate spy system
to obtain advance information as to
where strikes may develop and that his
agents are always on hand to stir up
trouble.
1--WE have men scattered all over the
United States" the confession contin-
ues. I'VE have our representatives in
nearly every union. These men fur
nish US with inside information on la
Dor developments.
These field men advise US where a
strike is likely to take place. Some Of
them are on our payroll. Others re-
ceive a bonus for furnishing us with
information. Some have been placed
Continued to Page A
Montana labor news., 1934-11-08
JOb-Hunger Not
Wanderlust, Makes
Workers Roam

WASHINGTON.-(FP)-Tt isn't the
wanderlust that sends unemployed
workers on the road but bitter com
pulsion to seek a job, the research di-
vision of the Federal Emergency Re
lief Administration has discovered af-
ter a survey of the transient relief
population in IS large cities.
Our investigation indicates that a
large majority Of the transient cases
have no desire to be on the road and
would rather be absorbed in industry
says Howard B. Myers, director of the
division. He estimates that the search
for work is the primary motive for
migration" in Is per cent of the cases.
Health and family reasons figure among
the other cases. Adventure" is the
purpose of only a small number OF
boys and young men, the investiga-
tors found.
Montana labor news., 1934-11-08
DRIFTS AND R {
(This column contribute
Miners Union N
BLASTING AND CONSTELLATION
FOR OTHERS.

Blasting releases large volumes of
more or less poisonous gases; and in
heavy sulphide ores, quite common in
Butte, the heat caused by the explo-
sion of dynamite burns some of the
sulphur in the ore creating a deadly
gas known as sulphur dioxide. This
sulphur dioxide, in full strength, will
cause death in a few minutes however,
in our case it is generally pretty well di-
luted with the underground air so that
immediate death from it is quite rare.
Nevertheless, inhaling this stuff in even
minute quantities causes serve head
aches known among us miners as an
Anaconda head-ache"-quite a daily
ailment with many of us. Blasting
also raises large clouds of finely pull
verified dust which takes hours to set
tie. If you have any doubts about this
last assertion, have your chest x-rayed
you will be surprised. Therefore, if
we are to consider our health, we
should make a blast only at the end of
the shift. Blasting at noon in most
places underground is very unhealthy
as the circulation Of air is none too
good; and, at the best, the miner max
ing the blast and all other workers be-
tween his working place and the air
shaft would have to finish the shift in
a thin blue fog Of dust and smoke. The
work in almost any place underground
can be arranged so as to prevent this
evil. For instance, if you are working
in a stope where it is the practice OF
making room for a set at noon and
then standing it after noon, the work
can be reversed without any loss OF
footage, so that you will timber after
the other shifts blast and drill after
noon. Again it often seems there isn't
a full shifts drilling in sight in a place
so that a blast at noon would be in
order. This is very seldom the case
because there is always a lot Of I'M
finished work that can be attended to
when you are through drilling at noon
You can get timber into the place for
the other shift or it might be the case
that you will have to raise the chute
tomorrow or next day. If this is the
case you can get your material into
your place in advance while you are
waiting to blast. There are, Of course
exceptions to all rules, but out Of con-
sideration for other men who have tc
eat II smoke, let us try to avoid
them. Ask your immediate bosses tc
cooperate with you in trying to elimi-
nate this dust eating and headache
business occasioned by indiscriminate
noon blasting.
Montana labor news., 1934-11-08
Federal Employees Unions Ask Congress
To Override Roosevelt on Wages

WASHINGTON. OPP Indignant
over President Roosevelt's expressed
intention not to restore the present
5 per cent wage cut to federal EN-
ployes before July /, the American
Federation of Government Employees
and the National Federation of Fed
eral Employees have launched a move
ment not only for full pay restoration
on January /, but for increases.
The law imposing the 5 per cent cut
is supposed to expire on June 80 in any
event. The federal wage question
thereafter is up to Congress. But the
president was given authority to abol-
ish the cut last July or at the end of
December, 1884, if he had so decided.
According to Pres. E. c. Babcock of
the A. F. G. E., the glib fight in the
next Congress will moi be for the res
toration of the S per cent cut on Janu-
airy l, which he says he takes for
granted, but for the Is per cent pay
increases in all grades which his union
is demanding.
Outside Of the postal service, the
average pay ins government employ
ment is less than 1000, Babcock says.
The average government employees
wages were put at $l,44l in a Bureau
of the Budget statement in the spring
OF 1888. But Babcock says that all
OF the high-salaried executive officials
Of the government are included in this
average.
While the N. F. F. E. has not put
forward such general wage increase
demands as its A. F. OF L. rival, the
A. F. G. E., it is working on salary
classification for the entire federal
service.
Montana labor news., 1934-11-08
POWER
DROPS

WASHINGTON. -(FP)-A sharp
decline in purchasing power is indi-
Gated by figures for retail sales in
Massachusetts released by the U. S.
Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Com
merce. Sales in September were about
z per cent below those for September,
1888. Discounting the fact that there
was one less working in the month this
year, the Bureau estimates that a de-
crease Of 3 per cent is shown on an
average daily sales basis.
The decrease in actual purchases is
much greater than those figures on
change in dollars would indicate, since
prices have risen considerably in the
year. Retail food prices, for instance
are about 9 per cent higher than last
September.
Montana labor news., 1934-11-08
NEW DEAL WINS
in MONTANA
Democratic Side Loses One Inn
portant Office for Labor.

The most that can be said for Labor
in Montana, at the past election, is
that it was a Democratic victory. In
Silver Bow County it was especially
true. One of the tests of Labor's
solidarity at the polls va the contest
for Associate Justice Of the Supreme
Court. Even in Silver Bow County,
where Labor should have built up po-
litical solidarity by this time, Judge
Angstman was badly defeated.
In the campaign for the State Legis-
lature, only two of those endorsed
from the time of the Primary election
were in the first five elected. Three OF
those endorsed at the primaries trailed
at the end of the list of candidates.
Had Labor stood behind, even its
original endorsements for the State
Legislature, these five men could have
been the five leaders. In the contest
for these offices we see that Labor has
much to learn if the New Deal is going
to be a New Deal for Labor and not
merely another shuttle for the bosses.
O'ConneIl a Labor Victory.
The great majority piled up by Jerry
O'Connell was a distinct victory for
Labor. After the Power Company had
spent thousands Of dollars in adertis-
ing to defeat him, after they had con-
Quoted a large campaign Of intimida-
ton against him, it was a victory for
the common people that he was elected
The majority that he won in Silver
Bow County shows that it was more
than a Democratic victory. We are
waiting to see the Montana Power
close shop and go out of business. II
they make good their threat it will be
the best thing that yer happened to
the State of Montana.
Again we see that it was a Demo
cratic Victory, a New Deal Victory
and that Labor has much to learn in
the mex two years.
Montana labor news., 1934-11-08
Social Insurance and Other Economic Problems
To Be Considered at White House Conference
President Roosevelt Sets Sessions for November IA and Is; William
Green and Other Officials to Participate; Summary of
A. F. of L. Recommendation Is Given.

a national law it can aid states by Fed
eral subsidies as provided in the Wag-
ner-Lewis bill, which deserves sup
port
Workers Without Jobs.
Unemployed youth has become one
Of II most pe~rplexing problems. To
turn boys and girls out Of school and
deny them employment opportunities
develops restlessness and %irrersponsi-
bility. Some better provision for deal
ing with these people is indispensable
For other workers who are without
jobs the wise provision Of establishing
unemployment insurance was endorsed
by the Cincinnati convention. The
necessity for unemployment insurance
has been clearly demonstrated by the
indiscriminate way in which relief is
dispensed. 1t is reaffirmed as a spe-
cific measure"
Old Age Pensions.
"The necessity of a sound program
OF old age pensions to deal intelligently
with this problem is one upon which
the Federation has already expressed
an affirmative opinion. 1t has become
a more clearly demonstrated need
during the past year to relieve the
pressure on jobs and provide a measure
of social security"
Old Age Security.
Attention is called to the fact that
twenty states are still lacking old-age
security laws. Attention was also di-
rected to the failure of Congress il
enacting an old-age security law fol
the District of Columbia. 1t is to be re-
GREETED that both our National, as wei
as SO many of Il state governments
have failed thus far to respond to thi,
great and humane requirement. We
direct every possible effort be made tc
remedy this grievous situation and rec
ommend approval Of this section of the
report Of the Executive Council"
Sickness.
". The hazards OF illness to wage
earners are many and varied. The op-
%portunities for adequate medical care
are strictly limited. The need for som,
assurance OF adequate medical care fol-
all in the low income broup is cleai
and should be provided"
Montana labor news., 1934-11-08
WAGES DROP MORE
THAN RENT

WASHINGTON, - (FP) = That
working people have to pay a much
larger proportion OF their incomes now
for rent than at the beginning Of the
present crisis, is indicated by housing
statistics for Peoria, Ill, released by
the U. S. Bureau Of Foreign and Do
nestle Commerce as first Of a series of
studies of the Financial Survey of Ur-
ban Housing.
While rents declined by "a per cent
in Peoria from 1880 to 1884, they did
not decline anything like SO much as
family incomes, which dropped by "a
per cent in the same period.
Half of all incomes reported by
Peoria tenants for 1888 were below
$1,000, and fewer than a third above
$1,500. The average tenant income
was $1,131. Incomes of homecoming
families averaged $1,450.
Montana labor news., 1934-11-08

NEW YORK-(FP)-George F. Nc
Clelland, the mar who created the COM
mercial radio program and chain broad
casting, has shot himself to death -
the victim Of a campaign of extermina-
ton by the Natl. Broadcasting Co,
McClelland was manager of Station
WEAF when it was owned by the
telephone company and became a vice
president of the NBC when the chain
of stations he had built formed the
basis for the organization of that com
pany. 1t was while on WEAF that he
originated the plan Of commercial
broadcasts. In 1927 he opened the
western division Of NBS which he had
created.
In November, 1888, due to interna.
politics, McClelland was forced out
of NBC. He promptly announced that
he would set up a rival chain and or
gained the B~roadcasting Stations
Corp.
Then began the campaign which end
ed with his death. Detectives were
put on his trail to watch every move
he made. Stations he approached were
known to the NBC almost as soon as
he himself knew they were interested
The pressure Of the big chain, with its
connection with Radio Corporation o.
America, controlling radio patents, wa.
then used to block his moves.
In fact, the NBC sometimes knew
sooner than McClelland what station.
we're interested in his plans, for NBC
put a man now an executive o
NBC - into McClelland's office wht
Montana labor news., 1934-11-08
Restaurants Cyp
Student Walters

CHAMPAIGN, 1ll-(FP)-In most
eating places around the University of
Illinois student walters suffer extreme
exploitation. They must work two
weeks as apprentices without any pay
and without any meals. At the end of
the apprentice period they may be
fired to make room for other no-wage
learners or they can start in on a bar
ter basis, exchanging their work for
meals.
In addition they have to pay off in
work the meals previously eaten and
also find $420 in cash to pay for two
white walters coats. They have to
work overtime without any credit and
waste a lot of their own time hanging
around until the boss needs them.
Student Front, the National Student
League Illinois chapters bi-weekly, is
exposing the conditions Of student
walters at the State university.