The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1934-04-07

family stem ct some remote time;
secured the country between the
Black Hills and the Big Horn Noun
tains and successfully fought off any
Indian invasion. They speak the
Hidatsa language and still claim re-
lationship, and their traditions and
ceremonies are similar.
Another important tribe upon the
upper Missouri river is that people
whose name for themselves Is San
ish," commonly known as the Arikara
or "ReeS," and now living upon the
Elbowoods reservation. It Is quite
well understood that this Is the people
called by the Spanish Lieutenant Al
varado, the "Loup Pani" Alvarado
explored the country from Mexico
City to the Platte river, in Nebraska
In l547, In his searth for the Seven
Cities Of Gold, Of which he had heard
and received accounts from travelling
priests and adventurous hunters.
Separated From Parent
While upon the Platte, he met a
great nation Of Indians Of which the
Loup PAM were q part. Sometime
after he visited them, it is surmised
that the Loup PAM separated from
the parent stem, and drifted north
until they came upon the banks OF the
Missouri river. where they proceeded
to strengthen the deserted Mandan
village sites, and to held them against
their enemies the Sioux, who were
swarming into the territory west of
the river and as far west as the Black
Hills. Their main villages were To-
Gated In the vicinity Of the mouth Of
the Grand River, when discovered by
Lewis and Clark In the fall Of 1904.
In 1923, they were ousted from these
villages by the Sioux allies Of Colonel
Leavenworth, driven from the country
claimed by the Sioux, and finally after
years Of wanderings, joined the Man.
dams and Hidatsa in the Knife River
country. where they occupied one Of
the Mandan villages depopulated by
the terrible smallpox Scourge Of 1888
80, and set up joint system Of de-
tense against the Sioux.
After years Of warfare with the
hard-riding Sioux warriors, the Hid
atsa were led across the river by
Chief named Four Bears, in 1912, and
built fortified village which they
called Fish Hook Village" Here
they were Joined by the Mandans
within few years and at last the
harraSSed Arikara, or Santsh. were
forced across by the Sioux and those
three tribes have ever since lived in
that immediate vicinity. Fish Hook
afterwards was known to us as Fort
Berthold. and the site Is in Mclean
county on the east or left bank Of the
Missouri.
There was and still is a strange
group Of Algonquins, branch which
split off from the parent mass, In re-
mote times, In much like manner as
the Arikara or Sanish had done. This
people formerly lived in q permanent
village not far from where Lisbon, N.
ID, Is at present situated. They are
the Sheyenne. Being pressed from the
east by the Iyanktonaise Sioux, a
branch Of the Isanti Division Of the
Dakota or Sioux, they abandoned
their position and pushed westward,
finally crossing the Missouri river at
the mouth Of the Cannon Ball river,
and gained the west or right banks.
Here they Immediately found them
selves In touch with the great division
Of the Sioux or Dakota, called the Tin
tonWanna, composed Of seven tribes
Of prairie fighters. all speaking the
same language and closely allied. The
Sheyennes ultimately were adopted
into the Dakota, according to tradi-
ton, after the fighting at Battle
Mountain in South Dakota, and be-
came close partisanS in the frontier
wars against white aggression, taking
an important part In the troubles fol-
lowing the order for all the Sioux to
come in to specified places along the
Missouri for the winter OF 1876, and
were part Of the harraSsed Indian
force which terminated the activities
Of General George A. Custer on the
Little Big Horn in June, 1876.
Were Number Of Tribes
In the northern part Of this state,
In early times. there were a number
of tribes, including the Chippewas
and the Assiniboines (Which were an
offShoot OF the Isanti division of the
Dakota and in the west, frequent war
parties Of Piegans or Montana Black
feet swept through the hunting
grounds Of the Iyanktonaise Sioux or
Dakota.
The Dakota. commonly called the
Sioux, Is nation composed OF Is
tribes, at most times friendly with each
other. They occupied a vast territory
from the middle of Iowa to the Min
nesota river and Devils Lake; south
Of the Heart river to the Yellowstone
and up that stream to the Big Horn,
thence southeasterly to the Black
Hills and to the Niobrara; thence to
the vicinity Of Sioux City and to the
Des Moines river.
Estimates vary greatly as to the
number Of people In the western or
Teton division OF the Dakota, but
reasonably stated number might be
5000, composing the men of warrior
age. In 1875. These people were
people Of the camp, the hunting trail
and the war party: they followed the
herds OF buffalo from which animal
they gained everything needed for
their mode OF life-clothes, shelter,
food. They were possessed of horses
at IN early date; were a brave, war
like hunting people; proud, fierce and
arrogant IS the ancient Gauls of
Caesars time: people who trained
their youth IN fortitude and courage
and to the belief that the greatest
virtue was In striking an enemy in
combat: self-supporting people who
believed that the earth was the mother
Of man, and who were as fanatically
patriotic as any man who ever fol-
lowed the eagles Of more civilized
nations; people skilled in the use OF
arms and desperate IN battle, apt to
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