davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1934-12-09
FEDERAL LAND BANKS
NEW YORK December lPl.-Federal
Land Bank bonds.
CHICAGO LIVE STOCK.

CHICAGO. December s l!Pl.-HoE prices
Saturday, trade. Few transactions we're t
The ouotable top was $3.50. best sales
Yesterday having been 5 cents lower; OF
the run of $4,000. packers got all but
500 direct and 1000 hogs were held ,o oysr
scored earlier in the week. finished at the
highest position for a SATURDAY closing
bellies prices stimulated buyins y, although
receipts for the week for unusually heavy,
Nothing was done. in the cattle and
sheep trade Cattle receipts totaled
/ 200 including 400 calves. while the
sheep supplies were 1000.
During the week all grades OF light steers
and yearlines moved % cents higher in an
active market while others were, were aro o1ii6
Of inbetween grade heavy steers , hsvips
a top Of S1O"5 during the week. Fat
lambs gained so to % cents while , sheep
were mostly H5 cents higher and feeoers
were 25 to 35 cents up. The top for
slaughter lambs was S7.75.
stock Roi Tor Monday: Hoss. $4,000: cattle,
/ s 900: sheep. $4,000; hogs for all next
week, 10000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1934-12-09
D. C.. BANK REVIEWS
STEADY GAINS ON
45TH ANNIVERSARY

Continued From First Page.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1934-12-09
BONDS FLUCTUATE.
IN NARROW RANGE
Moderate Realizing Appears
on Substantial Profits of
Recent Sessions.
BY VICTOR EUBANK,

ASSOCIATED fIcSS Which,
NEW YORK, December 8-The
bond market drifted today and, ex-
cept in scattered instances, price
changes were narrow.
There was some moderate week end
realizing by traders who had piled up
substantial profits in the last several
sessions, but the market, as a whole,
did not show any signs Of necessitous
liquidation.
The turnover dropped to s5,617ooo,
par value, compared with $3.50 900
last Saturday, and the Standard Sta
tistics Co. average for 60 domestic
corporate issues was of one-tenth of
q point at s61. This was the only
decline in the composite during the
week. In that period the average
registered a net advance Of nine
tenths OF point.
Most of the recessions occurred in
secondary loans which had recently
shown the most substantial recoveries.
Highest grade bonds usually held to
small fractional range in dealings
that were exceptionally quiet.
Among some of the losers. off
around a point or so. were Baltimore
& Ohio IS at 10, st. Paul General
AIS at sos, Great Northern 4l2S
of 1877 at IS, International Telephone
Convertible 4l2s at $50, Namm & Son
IS at 70l2, N. Y. Central SIS at IS,
New Haven Convertible IS at SO. and
Utah Light SIS at 62l4. Rutland
Canadian IS lost AS at ATS.
Gamers of point or more included
Wickwire Steel Is at 1012. Richfield
Oil IS at 34i5. Purity Bakeries SIS
at 81, Pan-American Petroleum IS at
441s, Michigan Central 4lI2s at "a,
Kelly-Springheld IS at 1924, Interna-
tional Paper IS at 58l4, Illinois Cen
trail 424s at 6014 and Childs Co. SIS
at 6414.
United States Government securi-
ties were dull. The tone here was
Just bit easier.
Foreign obligations were also list
less. The Yugoslav-Hungarian situa-
ton did not seem especially unsettling.
Yugoelav Mortgage Bank Is gained
IA points at 35l2 and Czechoslav IS
were off 2 at 90 on a few transfers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1934-12-09

Red Gross Endowment Fund and this
year has been acting as administra-
ton member of the Investment Bank
ers' Code Committee. He is president
of the Metropolitan Club, has been
actively connected with the Com
munity Chest, District Bankers Asso-
citation and many other philanthropic,
charitable and banking organizations
throughout the city.
Other officers are as follows: How
ard Moran, vice president; William l.
Beale, vice president and real estate of
ficer; Frederick P. H. Siddons, secre-
tary; James c. Dulin, jr.. treasurer; T
Stanley Holland, trust officer; j. Damn
Faber, auditor; Albert H. Shillington
and Robert L. Father, assistant Sec
retaries; David N. Houston, J. Eliot
Moran, Arthur G. Nichols and Ear
G. Jonscher, assistant trust officers;
Frank M. Perley, trust investment Off
GER: William w. Keck, Edward E
Swan, Hans w. Ireland, Richard E
Harris, Percy C. Brady. Harry P
White, Charles c. Boswell and Will
liam E. Schooley, assistant treasurers
Banks Present Directorate.
The directors are as follows: C. A
Aspinwall, president, Security Storage
Co.; William L. Beale, vice president
and real estate officer, American Sc
curity and Trust Co.: Harry K. Boss
member of firm Boss & Phelps;
George w Brown, member of firm
Fitch, Fox & Brown; Charles A
Carry, real estate; William NJ Coates
Coates Brothers Co., Philadelphia
Pa, textile manufacturing; William S
Corby, president, Garfield Memoria,
Hospital; William w. Everett, vice
president and general manager, Wood
ward e. Lothrop, Inc; William J
Flather. jr., president. William ]
Father, Inc; NJ. Ct. Gibbs, president
Peoples Drug Stores; James M. Green
retired; Gilbert H. Grosvenor, presi.
dent. National Geographic Society:
Philip Hermann. observation-disclosures
House & Hermann; G. Percy McGlue
lawyer: William Montgomery, presi.
dent. Acacia Life Insurance Co.; How.
ard Moran, vice president, American
Security and Trust Co.; Clarence F
Norment, chairman of board, Nationa
Bank of Washington; Newbold Noyes
associate editor, The Evening Star
Howard S. Reside, retired; John Saul
president, B. F. Caul Co.; Corcorar
Thorn, president, American Security
and Trust Co.: S. Percy Thompson
president, w. A. Pierce Lumber Co.
Benjamin w. Thoron, executive as
sistant, finance division of the Public
Works Administration; John F. Will
kins, retired.
With the establishment of branch
Offices in 1919, the trust company in.
augurated locally the plan now popu.
lar in many cities of designating ad
visory committees to act for the
branches in their local problems
Leaders in the business and profes-
Sional life of those communities, tn,
following are members of the advisory
board of home savings branches O.
the company:
John M. Beane, William E. Bradley
Joseph P. Burke, Charles R. Denny
John B. Geier, Henry Foote Gibbs
| Charles M. Hammett, L. A. Herman
j. Philip Hermann, Frank A. John
son, Ralph A. Judd, Charles Kattel
man. G. Percy McGlue, William Mil
Ter, Howard Moran, James C. Nealon
M. Frank Rupert. John Saul, Henri,
Vail, George NJ. Yeatman.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1934-12-09

Dividend the above table the
cash payments hafyeary
trading less than 100 shares Partly extra Plus
a last Payable IN
stock Plus AZ stock PAID this iAccumulated
Pluss1 special preferred
or being reorganized Plus So Plus go
story Plus in stock x dividend
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1934-12-09

FOR WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1884.
U. S. GOVERNMENT BONDS.

U. S. GOVERNMENT BONDS.
-1e34- Net
High Low. 49, High. Low. Gloss. Chgs
Federal Farm Mtgs
1o17 s427 Loan IS 40. ......, ss2 1924 SO 80 rs
Federal Farm Mtgs
1924 90 coupon sNs Ca. 1o1 II 1o1 1ol 10 ITO
Home Owners
s67 1928 Loan 2Ns 49,. s6s 1924 1928
Home Owners Loan
1o17 1926 Corp IS '52...... ss2 1926 90 80 "a
Home Owners Loan
101 20 9426 Corp IS 81. 101 10 101 10l 'ts
LIBERTY BONDS.
104 IS 1904 Lib 1924. LOB 21 103 II 103 FL +3
lO4 ~ lO1 Lib LIST AVS S247 103 % 103 IT l03 II
104 10 1o1 % 1O3 "a 103 81 1o3 81 e
1902 16 l0l % Ans 1888 cd. 1902 l0l 20 lOl 20 "A
TREASURY BONDS.
1902 IL 81 1946-4s.... 100 Is 100 100 IL ~
lO2 ID SO 3s 1876. ...l00 is SO 80 100 II g
1903 10 95 IS 3Hs 1861. .10 II 100 20 10l ~
1O5 10 81 27 1941 104 10 l03 II l04 II 26
1O4 194446. .102 10 101 26 102 IL TIC
1O5 rs 80 "a Jun. 104 10 103 20 104 10 2s
1O5 20 SO 20 4143 Mar 104 10 103 IA 1049 +27
105 IS 90 20 3& 194347.. JOB % 1903 103 Il 81
1Os 2 1908 3ks 19-46-5s.. 106 "a 106 los ID It's
% lOl 81 IS 1s44-54: .1os Ioa rs 1893 20
1141 1O4 81 Us4As 194753.. .1l2 10 1l24 1l214 +lO
1o4 "a 81 26 +3-4s102 1s lo1 20 1o2 IL I'LL
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1934-12-09
INSURANCE STOCKS

NEW YORK. December s LPj-NeY Yori
Security Dealers, Association:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1934-12-09
AMERICAN SEATING GAINS.

NEW YORK, December P).-
American Seating Co., reports for nine
months ended September 80. consoli-
dated profit of 5,579, before Federal
income taxes, against net loss of s64,-
l43 in the first nine months Of 1888.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1934-12-09
SAVANNAH NAVAL STORES.

SAVANNAH December 0P.-Turpen-
tine dull AS asked; no sales; receipts. 291:
shipments. 1913; stock. i9.69s. Rosin dull:
no sales: receipts. 1886; shipments. 126:
z. 40; and G 425; H. l. K and NJ,
4 SO; N. 4.55; VIC. ASS; WV and K.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1934-12-09

tl92s weekly average equals 1909
Copyright. 1884. by MoodyS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1934-12-09

22h ID Yale & Towne (60c)
tn Pa Yellow Truck.
Al, % Yellow Truck pr E.
22i. IL Young Sp&W(T1A)
33a4 121s Youngstown Sc T. .
59& "a Y'gst'n SIT pfA5 II
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1934-12-09
MOODY'S INDEX SHOWS
FURTHER TRADE RISE
BY the Associated Press.

BY tIlb hSSUCIdVtU EItbSs
NEW YORK, December S.-Statis-
tics appearing during the last week
indicated a further rise in business
activity, according to Moody's index
figures for freight car loadings, cleo
trio power production and steel ingot
output.
These index figures are adjusted for
seasonal variation - that is, If the
change from the previous week should
coincide with the normal seasonal
change, the index figure would be un-
changed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1934-12-09

Trust Fund Shrs .......
trusted Industry Shrs 80.
trustee Stand Inv C. ....
trustee Stand Inv D. zee.
trustee ST Oil A.
trustee St Oil Shrs B. 80.
Erusteed N Y BIZ Shrs.
trusted Am Blk "B" 100.
twentieth Cent FIXED TT
twentieth Ct Fixed TT "B"
b s & Brit Int Ltd A. go.
b s T. Brit Int 81 pr 80.
n s Flec II e. Pow a..
b s Flee IT T. Pow "B". 3.
b s Elec 1t & Pow vic.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-01-06

profits OF the huge monopoly COM
bines and trusts at the expense OF
the workers and poor farmers (more
unemployment, lower wages, higher
prices, higher taxes, etc.
Together with this, his so-called
Public Works appropriations i'll con-
ceal the administrations huge army
and navy building program, a pro-
gram that has already placed the
United States in the forefront Of a
new ornaments race with Great
Britain, France and Japan. The
Civilian Conservation Corp sup
posedly set up as relief measure,
is now openly acknowledged by the
Assistant Secretary of War to be a
military training ground.
RooSevelt's program, his New
Deal" is not beneficial to the work
ers as President Green of the A. F.
of L. would have us believe; it is
not road to socialism as claimed
py NORMAN 1nOHlaS.
It is a war program!
It Is . program for the brutal
suppression Of the workers move
ment, for Fascisn1!
The Daily Worker in it's news
columns, in feature articles, in edi-
torials has given the workers a cor
rect class Interpretation Of the New
Deal" We have put the question:
what class benefits; what class
losses? And we have examined every
act Of the administration, every
proposal. with that question in mind.
We have answered: the bankers
gain; the workers lose.
That is the main characteristic
Of the Daily Worker, its class ap-
proach. We are a newspaper, but
more than a newspaper. We are a
working class newspaper; we ap-
proach all news" from the view
point Of the class interest Of the
toilers, their immediate, day-to-day
needs, and their revolutionary class
aims.
That is why the Daily Worker
alone brought real facts, real news"
to our readers on the capitalist class
character Of the New Deal" on
Roosevelt's war policies, on the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-01-06
DAILY Fights for Workers Aims, Needs

TO analyze correctly every stage Of
its development We have likewise
been able to understand and. expose
the class policy of the capitalists
during the crisis, as one effort after
another TO get out Of the crisis at
the workers eXpep,e.
The Daily Worker is Indispensable
to any worker who really wishes to
understand the very rapid develop
ments of today, with new attacks
being launched daily on his living
standards, and with new steps being
taken toward fascism and war. The
Daily Worker arms the workers with
that class information which alone
makes it possible for him to fight
effectively in his own interests.
OUR task is more than that OF Civ.
y ing information. We undertake
to arouse the workers to resist new
attacks Of the bosses. We undertake
to transform the workers into ags
gressiye, determined class fighters
for improved conditions and against
any measure which lowers their liv-
ing standards.
We prove by fact after fact, by
daily hammering away on the actual
experiences of life that RooseveIt's
program represents the efforts Of
the biggest capitalists to find a way
out of the crisis with greater profits
and wealth for themselves and at
the expense. in the first place. Of
the workers, but also of the poor
farmers, the Negro people, the in
tellectuals, the professionals, the
lower middle class. We emphasize
that the workers themselves, with
the Negro masses, the poor farmers
and the poorer sections of the popu-
Ia ten generally as their revolution
ary allies. must take their own way
out Of tn crisis. the revolutionary
way on way that leads to driv-
ing Roosevelt and all other capital
ist agents out Of power, the way
that leads to the setting up of
government of workers and poor
Continued on Page I3)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-01-06
INDEY

PGSe
DAILY Worker Fights for
Aims, Needs of Workers
By C. A. Hathaway
@The Fight for a Strong,
Militant Trade Union
Movement By J. StacheI
2-Thc Foreign Language
Press of the U. S. A.
By NJ. J. OIgim
3-The World Communist
Press :. By Robt. Hamilton
4-The "Daily" as q Fighter
for the Unemployed
By Carl Reeve
4-"They SAID the U. S.
Vas an Exception"
By NJ. Howard
5-Forerumners of u. S. A.
Workingcloss Press
By jas. Allen
5-The Trade Union Press
of the Present Day
By N. Homig
6-The Dream of Lenim
By Sam Don
6-What Is THIS Talk About
The Reds? :. By F. BrosUn
THE Heritage of Lenin
By Stain
THE "Diehard" Bolshevik
By S. Ordzhorikidze
8-The Birth and GrO1Dth
Of the Daily Worker
By Robt. Minor
8-Whg l Left the Service
of the Capitalist Press
By N. Young
10-Am Army of Worker Corr
respondents Write Story Of
Struggle ON the Job.
By G. HaeSsIe7 and c. Blank
1.-THE Negro Rises
By Cyril Briggs
1.-THE Daily" as Educator
By A. MGrkof
16-The Daily Worker in the
Fight on Fascism
By N. BedacE.t
16-The Daily Worker in the
Fight A gGinst Imperial
ist Var. -. By II. Cannes
Tenth Anniversary Supplement
Prepared for Publication by
Sender Garlin Of the Daily
Worker Staff
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-01-06
SERVICE OF THE
DAILY WORKER

That is the service Of the Daily
Worker to its readers. We get the
facts; we give you real, information
based on very careful examination
of every claim of the class enemy
the capitalists OF their political Of
flee holders. Using the teachings of
Karl Marx and Vladimir nyich
Lenin as the key we have been able
at every stage, of the crisis. begin
ming a year before the crisis broke,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-01-06

aided in establish
ing our paper ten
yea RS ago, and
those who h av e
built it and main
tanned it through
out this long pc
Rod, this anniver-.
sary issue will be
appreciated as a
great a hieve-
ment.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-01-06
BY C. A. HATHAWAY
editor, Daily Worker)

TO many f1rst-time readers of the
Daily Worker, today's twenty-six
page, tenth anniversary issue will
be "just another newspaper But
to the thousands of workers who
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-01-06
lance OF the workers to the fascist
dictatorship being ushered in by the
ruling Class.

( tance OF the workers to the fascist
dictatorship being ushered in by the
ruling class.
MEANING or
NEW DEAL"
Roosevelt's New Deal" supported
by the A. F. Of L. leaders as bene-
fetal TO the workers, and by the
Socialist Party leaders as step to-
ward socialism, is only the embodi-
ment of the war and fascist pro-
gram of the Wall Street bankers.
The minimum wages set under the
codes, as the Daily Worker already
pointed out last June have only
served to lower the earnings of the
workers.
The promised Unemployment Of
millions of workers, as a result of
the N.R.A., the Public Works Ad-
ministration, etc, have disappeared
in smoke. The factories are laying
off workers and re-introducing part
time work as the general rule.
The promise of collective bar
gaining" the right to join a union
of your own choice" etc., is serving
only to throw the government ap-
paratus into a drive to build COM
pany-controlled unions, and, with
the aid of the bureaucratic leaders
Of the A. F. Of L., into a concerted
effort to transform the A. F. of L.
unions into instruments of the
bosses and the government for the
breaking of strikes. The government
officials openly talk of prohibiting
strikes, and the recent executive
order of President Roosevelt giving
full power to Senator Wagner's
Labor Board to enforce its decisions
already means compulsory arbitra-
ton and step toward the legal"
smashing Of strikes by force.
IN SHORT, as the Daily Worker
has consistently predicted, Roose-
velt's program is neither solving the
crisis nor improving the conditions
Of the masses. On the contrary, by
means of the NRA., the Agricul-
ttual Adjustment Act, the P.W.A.,
imitation, etc, he is increasing the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-01-06

trend toward fascism. We searched
out the real class content Of Roose-
Yelt's proposals. We exposed them,
one after the other, as proposals
masked with all sorts Of false prom
iSes to the workers, but nevertheless
proposals beneficial only to the CAPT
talists. and to the biggest capitalists
at that.
WE HAVE exposed one deliberately
" lying statement after another.
For example, on December 9th
Ickes, member of Roosevelt's cabi.
net, gave out a statement declaring
that 100000 had been given jobs
up until that date by the Public
Works and the Civil Works Admin
istrations. That was news" for
every capitalist paper. 1t was bally-
hooed all over the front page of
every newspaper. Prosperity was
returning; the unemployed were be-
ing given jobs" The Daily Worker
did not consider this news" just be-
cause Ickes had made claim. We
are responsible to the workers; we
would not publish such a statement
without first verifying the facts. We
instructed our Washington Bureau
to investigate. They interviewed
Harry L. Hopkins Of the Federal
Relief Bureau; they examined the
figures. And what do you suppose
they found? They found, comrade
reader, that not 100000 but only
477.892 workers had been given jobs.
In other words they proved with
facts that the Roosevelt cabinet de-
iberately lied.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-01-06

tf~~1~NA7 pa
ticularly our new readers should
know, is not comparable to other
newspapers. Ours is not owned BY
capitalist corporation, nor is il
run for anybody's profit. The Daily
Worker was launched ten years ago
with funds donated by many thou
sands Of workers. It has been NAM
tanned since then also by the volun-
tary contributions Of the workers, by
their pennies, nickles. dimes and
quarters. The maintenance of the
Daily Worker for the past ten years
and this anniversary issue are the
achievements of the revolutionary
American workers. To them belongs
tho credit!
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-01-06


their pennies, nickles dimes and
quarters. The maintenance of the
Daily Worker for the past ten years
and this anniversary issue are the
achievements of the revolutionary
American workers. To them belongs
tho credit!
WORKERS OWN
PAPER
This fact also fixes the character
Of the Daily Worker. Our paper
established by the workers is their
paper; it is the paper of the revo-
lutionary working class movement,
the central voice of the Communist
Party.
The Daily Worker, though, is not
limited in its service or value to
workers who are members OF the
Communist Party. 1t is the daily
newspaper OF the entire working
class, of all the poorer sections of
the population. Just as the Com
munist Party is the political party
Of all people oppressed and exploited
by capitalist rule, daily organizing
and leading the toiling sections OF
the people in struggle for their
needs and demands, so the Daily
Worker makes itself the spokesman
and fighter for all the exploited.
We invite all workers, regardless
Of their political or religious views
or affiliations, to make the Daily
Worker their paper. We particularly
invite correspondence from the sim
cere, working class fighters still in
the Socialist Party, in the American
Federation Of Labor locals, in the
independent unions.
We invite them to take up their
class problems. their grievances,
their demands with the Daily
Worker. We pledge ourselves to
support every struggle of all work
ers for improved conditions, for
workers rights. against capitalist
exploitation and persecution.
FRANKLY, the Daily Worker is a
revolutionary paper. 1t sets as
its objective the overthrow of the
existing capitalist system the sys-
tenn that brings only misery and
suffering to the great mass of the
people; it urges the setting up of
workers and farmers government
as the first step toward the building
of Socialist society.
We have no faith IN the reformers
who talk of changing capitalism, nor
have we any fait:a in those like the
Socialist Party leaders who talk of
gradually and peacefully bringing
about a transformation from capt.
talism to socialism. The capitalists
never have and never will give up
witfou5 struggle. Such talk only
serves to disarm the workers in the
lace CT the growing attacks OF the
capitalists on our living standards.
, II Serves only to break the resis-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-01-06

Continued on Page 49,
Evening star., 1934-01-21

and one-half years, the addition Of
Summer school courses making this pos
sible. Courses adapted to the needs
of entering students are included in the
extensive work offered by the depart
ments of biology, chemistry, economics,
education, English, French, German,
history, Latin, mathematics. philosophy,
political science, religion, Spanish and
speech.
The college announces that, beginning
next Fall, five full. four-year scholar
ships for men will be awarded. The
basis of award will be similar to that
Of the Rhodes scholarship
Plans now are being completed for an
alumni rally at the college on Satur-
day. January 27. DR.. j. M M. Gray,
new chancellor of the university, will
speak informally Other parts of the
program include a volley ball game be-
tween alumni and faculty, basket ball
game between varsity and alumni and a
dance. Ellsworth Tompkins heads the
committee in charge.
Main Currents in Present Political
Thought" is a course designed to study
main currents in contemporary ,politi-
cal thought and will be offered by Dr.
Catheryn Seeker Hudson, at the grad
uate school Of American University at
1901 F street. These classes will meet
Monday evenings beginning January 20.
Arrangements have been made for mem
bers Of Congress to address the class.
Another course offered, Selected
Banking Problems" will be taught by
Edwin Lamke of the Brookings Insti-
tuition. A survey will be made of the
leading problems facing the American
banking system today. Topics selected
Tor discussion include: Suspensions and
their causes. banking and business
cycles, earnings and costs, liquidation
and reorganization, Government super
vision and control, State and national;
credit policies, depositors' relationships,
branch and unit banking and funda-
mental reform proposals. This class