davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1934-06-25

IF YOU ARE CONSIDERING the purchase
Of used piano and want real value for
your money. see our stock of "Remade
Pianos Instruments We have put through
as many as 10 rebuilding processes to
assure the purchaser OF the best possible
tone and appearance. Sold with n guar
sntee. Prices are no higher. quality con-
Sidered. Baby Grands. SlS5 up: uprights,
$50 up. Homer l. Kit Co. l3:iN @ ST NJ
Evening star., 1934-06-25

COLONIAL MODEL STUDIO UPRIGHT-A
beautiful little piano with a good tone.
Has been used iOr a short time. but we
have put 1t in new condition. Ideal for
the small home or apt. Price Sl15. Pay
So 80 weekly. Homer L. Kilt Co.. 1880
Evening star., 1934-06-25

of two children: stay nights: $40 me
Apply after q pm. lis N. Y. ave. NV
Takoma Park. SH. 253l M.
Evening star., 1934-06-25
SALE-AUTOMOBILES.

AUSTIN 1894 standard coupe; driven but
:, 600 miles; S295. Jack Pry. l4th IL @
Evening star., 1934-06-25
RENT-GARAGES.

LICENSED REPAIR SHOP, S35.
Rear 1928 Sherman ave. NV
Chas. w. King. Jr.. S07 N. Y. Ave. So'
Evening star., 1934-08-25

afraid to export gold and that IL is
sufficiently sure Of improved condi-
tions to turn its back on monetary ex-
periments. This Interpretation may
seem strange in the light of silver ma
tionalization. That may have been a
sop to inflationists - it certainly
brought from Senator Thomas a
Salutation to a new and silver-lined
dawn. But 1t could not have meant
a departure in the direction of open
imitation. Even If it meant that, the
shakiness in Government bonds which
followed the silver order may have
brought a revision of plans"
Z For his reassuring gesture In as
signing Mr.. Black to an important
task" AYERS the Philadelphia Inquirer,
President Roosevelt is to be CON-
>mended. 1t is to be hoped that he
will support the gesture with a will
ingness to meet the bankers-and
their clients-hah way by moving to
stabilize the currency, reduce Federal
expenditures and curb extreme eco
nomic experiments"
The Akron Beacon journal says
"the country has only good wishes for
the success Of the benevolent under
taking intrusted TO him." and the
Flint (Mich.) Daily Journal says that
'if MIR. Black can interpret the ad-
ministration's financial policies to
bankers he will perform a most useful
function" The Providence Journal OBJ
serves that "the administrations
financial policies do need a great deal
Of explaining"
Evening star., 1934-08-25

specific plan. That is a detail that Is
not likely to balk the genius Of the pro-
gressive promoters of recovery through
direct Government performance.
These measures may be merely tenn
porary expedients, and again they may
be experiments in Government par
ticipation in If not control of all busi-
ness operations. Thus far the planned
economy of the alphabetic aggregation
has not avowedly gone to the extent
of Federal competition in trade with
private enterprise. The specific object
in these innovations is to turn the dole
into a wage given for services rem
dered, for tasks performed, for good:
produced. 1t is unqueStionably better
to give people work to do than merely
to give them money. The important
question is how far and how long thi;
practice will be continued. A manu-
featuring and merchandising state is
no less than the ideal of some ad-
vanced reformers who find model ir
the preachments of the most radical
of social reorganizers.
Evening star., 1934-08-25
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.

Back from Vacation.
September approaches. Well presently
say.
Vacations must end all their innocent
play"
The messenger lad will be bright and
alert
And the typist a manner sedate will
assert.
There's much information set forth
in the news.
You can take it or let it alone, as you
choose.
But the boss" will discourage each
person who shirks
When he asks how the clerks have
been running the works.
Sometimes Uncle Sam seems to ven
ture a song
And smile at his ease as the world
drifts along,
While titles of various fashions we
scan
Whose bearers are doing the best that
they can.
With so much to be done we can
scarcely expect
That all will work out in a manner
correct;
And the boss" will discover each idler
who turks
When he asks how the clerks have
been running the works.
Evening star., 1934-08-25

likes: the true, where a man is free
to do what he ought.
And John Ruskin likewise under
stood the problem at the time when
he said:
Wise laws and just restraints are
to a noble nation not chains, but
chains of mail--strength and defense,
though something of an incumbrance.
William Paley perhaps provides as
fair a summation as any in his
judgment:
To do what we will is natural
liberty; to do what we will con-
sistently with the interests of the
community to which we belong, is
civil liberty; that is to say. the only
liberty to be desired in state of
civil society.
In any case, there is no necessary
connection between liberty and rad
icalism; and liberty, as viewed by at
least a few of the most eminent
thinkers the race ever has produced,
may be conservative in its basic
character. Madam Roland. on the
guillotine, shrieked out the distinction
in the cry: 20 liberty! How many
crimes are committed in thy name!"
She died because of the misuse of
freedom by a mob. Long centuries
earlier the Roman historian Tacitus,
as she may have known, had epito-
mized the sins of demagogues in the
paragraph:
The word liberty has been falsely
used by persons who, being degen-
erately prof1igate in private life and
mischievous In public, had no hope
left but in fomenting discord.
It remains to be seen what ideal
of liberty the newly organized league
has been set up to serve. Perhaps
it is the constructive one. Perhaps
not
Evening star., 1934-08-25
The Legion Stands Firm.
From the Los Angeles Times.

From the Los Angeles Times.
In its demands for deportation OF
alien reds, and for more stringent laws
against treason akin to those in war
time use, the American Legion of
California shows that it stands stead
fast for American principles. The
sentiment of the organization will be
applauded by all good citizens.
There is no doubt that reds have
been operating practically unhindered
in this country for the past year and a
half. The amount of disturbance and
damage they have caused in Califor-
mia testif1es that Communist agitation
is real danger in the United States.
The reds have particularly concen-
trated on this State, and in the agri-
cultural strikes and their participa-
ton in the port strikes have done i'm
mense damage.
1t would be gross exaggeration to say
they are within striking distance of
their goal or are at all likely to over
turn the Government of the United
States. But they do manage to do a
great deal of damage. This we should
not have to put up with, and need not.
Anything the Legion can do to help
rid us of it will be very welcome.
Evening star., 1934-08-25
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL.

Maybe he had a conference later,
and had some time on his hands.
Maybe he lived on income, and
spent part of his average day just
roaming around.
Anyway, whoever he was, and what
ever he did, he was a BuSybody.
AS he stood at the top of the
stairs, lighting his cigar, he looked
every inch the Important Executive.
ANY one who had not seen him
peering down into the guppy tank,
annoying the animals with the wrong
end of the net, could have been for
given for mistaking him for someone
very important.
What would he do now?
He set of briskly along the side
walk. 1t seemed incongruous that
such a bright fellow did not have a
car "a block long"
Here he was afoot, mingling with
the mere pedestrians.
Where would he go?
AS briskly as breeze off the Po-
tomac near the Washington Monu-
ment, the Busybody rounded the cor
ner-
Then stopped.
Construction work was going on
there. A section of the sidewalk had
been boarded of. Men in plaster Gov
cred overalls, all white with dust,
were coming and going.
Inside one could see an almost
wrecked building, with old plaster
floating everywhere. Great beams
showed where floors once were, but
only the utter darkness of unlit upper
spaces was revealed to peering eyes.
The sidewalk observer who was on
the trail of the Busybody wondered
what the fellow would do now.
Would he, too, settle down to few
minutes of sidewalk gaping?
One thought he might, until one
recalled how he poked the guppies,
and started so briSkly out the screen
door to walk up wall Is feet high.
Then one knew he wouldn't.
No, sir, he walked right In, dapper
hat, checked suit, big cigar, and all.
In he went, with that keen execu-
tive air. workingmen, must have
thought he was the big boss" come
for an inspection.
Calmly he strobe over long board
supported off the ground.
Even more calmly he looked about
him, putting away beneath his cooked
hat.
X X X X
Just as one of the workmen was
about to speak to him he seemed to
think of some matter of business in
hand, for he suddenly walked briskly
down the board and out into the
street.
Surely he was on his way to the
board meeting now.
But when he came to a flock Of
pigeons halfway down the block he
must have forgotten about it, for he
stopped dead in his tracks, drew him.
self up on the curb, and fell to watch
ing the pigeons eating the food so
kindly spread there but recently.
Where would he go now? What else
could he pry into?
Suddenly he turned, walked spryly
away, went to a small battered car
and leaped into it. With a roar he
was away, but where to we do not
know-probably to the next street,
where he could be a Busybody as much
as he wanted without amateur detec-
tive work to worry him. But we hope
he let the guppieS alone.
Evening star., 1934-08-25
American Railroads Are on the
Wrong Road Toward Recovery

ministration has not apportioned the
tax burden equitably between the vari-
GUS transportation agencies, thereby
placing the burden on the railroads.
Thirdly, the railways have been slow
in taking advantage of chronological
advances that have been made in
their field which have played a large
role in developing comfort in this
form Of travel. Probably this factor
alone is the cause for the decrease in
passenger traffic. Yet many railways
are so overemotional over the idea
of decreasing rates for passenger
traffic that they really believe this
alone will cause an upward trend. To
a certain extent it will But comfort
in travel is also a large factor to be
taken into consideration, and its
Importance cannot be minimized.
Fourthly, the Importance of CO.
ordinating and unifying motor and
railroad agencies has not been en-
phasized. One Of the largest items in
the aggregate cost of transportation
is the exceedingly high terminal cost,
which would be- lowered If co-ordina-
ton were achieved under a we'll
planned program. Under system Of
unification all carriers would have
equal access to the terminal services
available, thereby decreasing terminal
costs.
The evils of the present system Of
railroad administration have been out
lined, and it is no wonder that many
officials believe railroad problems to
be complex and difficult to solve.
Actually, lack of proper initiative has
made them so. Perhaps our problems
are to be greater as other forms Of
transportation make more progress
and continue to be free from regula-
ton. Now is the time to coordinate
all our transportation agencies and to
concentrate regulatory authority over
all into one body in order to form
uniform policies which will affect all
equally, which will minimize injurious
consequences by restraining compe-
tition within reasonable limits and
which will stabilize rates and financial
conditions. This will aid the railroads
to reach the goal of recovery more
than any finapcial aid offered by our
Government. DAVID ANdATO.
Evening star., 1934-08-25
Problem of Machine Gun,
From the New York Times.

rIOul tllc NcW 1OIk Times.
Specialists insist that machine gun
is not the word for the weapon which
enjoys such vogue in the criminal
world. 1t would be more correct to
say submachine gun or automatic
rifle. But whatever the experts may
think about it, the person at the
receiving end decidedly experiences
When bullets come at you in showers
the mind rejects fine distinctions.
Calling them, then, machine guns,
it is interesting to note the different
role which it has come to play as a
military weapon and gunman's s
weapon. The outstanding develop
ment of the World War was said to
be the effect of the machine gun in
enormously strengthening the de-
fense. Capt. Iiddell Hart is not alone
in believing that the rapid-f1re gun
has shattered the old theory of victory
on the side of the heavy battalions.
One soldier with such weapon may
under favorable circumstances hold
back a thousand men.
Among the criminals, on the other
hand, the machine gun has greatly
augmented the power of the offensive.
A couple of desperate men may domi-
nate a crowd. A familiar and sinister
item in our news is the speeding
bandit motor car with its machine
gun spraying" the landscape. If
there was need for laws dealing with
the sale of deadly weapons in the
comparatively simple days of the
pistol. the problem becomes impera-
tive when q single thug can equip
himself with the firing power of q
company.
Evening star., 1934-08-25
What Is Liberty?

The formation of an American Lib
erty League doubtless has sent num-
bers of thoughtful persons to their
dictionaries. Just what is liberty,
these inquirers will wish to know. The
word is one of the commonest in cur
rent use, but it is by no means certain
that all who employ it entertain the
same concept of its significance.
Roget's convenient thesaurus lists it
under freedom" and brackets it with
independence" and license" Ap-
proximate synonyms offered include
emancipation" autonomy" self
government" immunity and lex
emption." But it would seem that
none of these fulsome phrases is an
exact equivalent. George Washington,
for example, frequently spoke of liberty
as an objective of American republic
anism, but he never conceived of it as
having anything in common with un-
trammeled license. On the contrary,
he is understood to have had rather
definite reservations as to the virtues
of popular sef-government. The Con-
stitution of the United States as orig
inally framed and approved by the
Father of his Country was a conserva-
tive code, rejecting little confidence
in the masses of the new Nation. In
deed, it may be that the first Presi-
dent was influenced by the philosophy
whose most eminent exponent was
Edmund Burke, author of the axiom:
Liberty must be limited in order to
be enjoyed"
Quite a different thing, surely, is
the anarchy which Lord Byron ap-
pears to have had in mind when he
wrote the lines:
The wish, which ages have not yet
subdued
In man, to have no master save his
mood.
Not even the poet himself would
have been happy in world controlled
by temperamental whim, world in
which each individual would be a
pigmy tyrant.
Charles Kingsley was vastly wiser
when he wrote:
There are two freedoms-the false
where a man Is free to do what he
Evening star., 1934-08-25
Uncle Sam as Manufacturer,

A by no means illogical advance in
the new deal administration is re-
ported to be in contemplation which
will carry the Government into the
manufacturing field 1t is said to be
proposed to set up a system of
production whereby some sixty thou
sand women now on the relief rolls
will be employed in the making of
mattresses and comforts. These ar
ticles will call for about 250,000 bales
OF cotton, thereby reducing the surplus
of that staple now glutting the mar
ket. Other articles to be produced will
include sheets, pillowcases and towels.
Already large quantities of articles of
wearing apparel are being made in
about 2,5oo sewing rooms" through
out the country under Government
auspices, and these manufactures, to-
gether with canned foodstuffs, pre-
pared by relief workers, account for
the employment of 100000 persons.
Advances into the manufacturing field
are under consideration to include
shoes, leather jackets and leather nit
tens to absorb the leather tanned from
the hides of the cattle recently slaugh-
tered in consequence of the drought.
From this beginning it is possible
for the Government to go further.
With so much labor available, in con-
sequence of the lack of employment
in the established industries, every
field of fabrication may be occupied
The possibility of Government in busi-
ness on q grand scale Is evident. The
matter of merchandising the goods
thus produced is not yet reduced to
Evening star., 1934-08-25
WAR in the Air"

Memories of the saber rattling of
the former Kaiser of Germany are
revived by the statement made yester-
day at Bologna by Mussolini to an
audience of officers and military at
taches at the conclusion of the Italian
war maneuvers. He spoke from the
turret of an assault tank, an appro-
pirate rostrum. He said:
No one in Europe wants war, hut
the idea of war is floating in the air.
1t is not necessary to be ready for the
war of tomorrow, but for The war Of
today. We must become a militaristic
nation, even, I might add, a warlike
nation.
There can be no complaint on the
score of vagueness in that pronounce
ment. 1t puts Europe definitely on
notice that Italy is making ready, if
it is not already prepared, to take the
field. Against whom? In what cause?
Upon what provocation? II Duce gave
no hint other than to remark that the
ground chosen for the war maneuvers
resembled the italian eastern from
tiers, mentioning "the same broken
terrain and even the same lack of
water" as he waved his hand toward
the east, where lie Italy's frontiers
with Austria and Yugoslavia.
When recently MuSsolini modified
several divisions of troops on the Aus
trian front, at the time of the assassi-
nation of Dollfuss, he sufficiently
indicated that he was ready to inter-
vene in case of the development Of a
German attempt to absorb the Teu-
tonic remnant of the former empire
of Austria Hungary. 1t is believed
that that gesture prevented trouble
on that score. Later events confirmed
the hint that Mussolni, who is Italy,
has assumed the role of militant
umpire in middle-European affairs.
If full preparedness means war, it
is evidently Mussolini's purpose to be
ready to take the initiative upon the
first suggestion of provocation. If, on
the other hand, preparedness means
peace, it is quite as evidently his pur-
pose to be the dictator of that peace.
That "the idea of war is floating in
the air" no one can question. 1t has
been Gin the air" very nearly ever
since the signing of the treaty Of
Versailles. On at least half a dozen
occasions European affairs have de-
veloped grave war possibilities. And
Mussolini himself has been largely
responsible for that condition, in his
determination to dictate the relations
between potential warring nations.
1t may be doubted whether the
words spoken at Bologna will cheer
the mass of the Italian people, who
are now heavily burdened with taxes,
restrained by regimentation and kept
in order by a system of espionage
that is more thorough and complete
than even that maintained fy Hitler
In Germany. But there will be no
outward manifestations of dissent
within Italy. For there are no organs
of opposition and expression. The
cheers heard by Mussolini at Bologna
were not the voice of Italy.
Evening star., 1934-08-25
Bright Spots on the Map.

From the Portland Oregonian.
Sweden and Canada are bright
spots on the business map these days.
The production line for May, 1884,
shows the Scandinavian country was
even buster than during the boom
years, 1925-1930; while Canada dur
ing the first five months of this year
had the most remarkable improve
ment reported from anywhere In the
world-17.4 per cent.
The trouble is these outbursts
prove nothing. Sweden is one of the
most rigidly government-managed OF
the countries; Canada is one Of the
least rigidly government-managed. So
the advocates Of planned economy
write at length concerning Sweden
and pass over our northern neighbor
with a decent silence. On the other
hand, students of the extreme 1aissez-
faire persuasion are very conscious OF
Canada but consider Scandinavia OF
no moment.
Perhaps the truth is that both
countries are small enough to feel
benefits which would not sufice to
lift larger countries from the dol
drums. Germany, for instance, is
having a trade war with both France
and Russia, and the detection north
ward Of q small part Of her trade is
sufficient to make Sweden prosperous,
particularly when it is considered
that a little new business also goes
there from the countries that havl
cut down their German trade. Thel
Canadian wheat growers are feelir,
the effects of the drought In I'll
United States, and that country,
dependent on wheat, has every reasc
to expect better prices for q year
two to come.
Evening star., 1934-08-25
Black Inspires Confidence
AS Unofficial Banking Envoy

Comment on the resignation of Eu-
gene r. Black as governor Of the
Federal Reserve Board and his desig-
nation by the President to be a liaison
officer between the administration
and the banking business discloses
confidence in Mr.. Black and belief
task as 'unofncial minister of bank
ing"
"Mr. Blacks appointment" accord
ing to the Chattanooga Times, ''is
doubtless reassuring to bankers, many
of whom might welcome the creation
Of new post of Federal minister of
finance who would interpret obscure
financial policies of the administra-
ton. Mr.. Black may be as ideally
suited for this job as is the Tenpes-
sean, Norman II. Davis, for his
somewhat similar diplomatic duties
abroad"
The Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch
feels that "by virtue of his close con-
tact with Washington and his expert
ence with the Federal Reserve he
should be able to perform his task in
way more effective than almost any
one else"
Bankers" according to the Hart
ford Times, may welcome the oppor-
tunity to talk to one Of their own
kind whose intimate knowledge of
Federal aims, seasoned Judgment and
tactful wisdom enable him to inter-
pret effectively their sentiments to
the administration" The Times con-
cludes: HE should prove a good
will ambassador in both directions.
The President needs the cooperation
Of the financial community. Finan-
cial institutions, In turn, may be will
ing to give it, provided their expert
ence and convictions are given due
weight in the determination Of ma
tional policy. It Is to be foreseen that
Mr.. Black viii not lack for invitations
to bankers luncheons, with the un-
derstanding that he give a frank talk
and answer questions"
He has served through the most
momentous IS months in the history
Of the system, with the possible ex-
ception of those that Immediately
preceded his entry into Office" says
the Richmond News Leader, which
gives assurance that he will receive
the thanks of all thoughtful students
of American finance" The News
Leader recalls that Mr.. Black Isl
fenced many rumors when he an
nounced, on January is, that the
Federal Reserve Board was in agree
ment with Mr.. Roosevelt's policy of
taking over the gold of the Reserve
banks"
"Mr. Roosevelt" in the opinion Of
the Birmingham Age Herald, "iS seek
ing to implement the confidence he
discerned among the rank and file of
the people with the confidence Of the
financial community. On the day fol-
lowing Senator Thomas demand in
Chicago for something really infla-
tionary, like cutting the gold dollars
content to so per cent, the administra-
ton makes this gesture, calculated to
drive home to every thoughtful Amer
ican that the Government is not