Evening star., 1934-07-22

matte stories of persons being restored to life
after this type of artificial respiration had been
carried on for many hours.
In some cases of Illness notably infant1e
paralysis. the muscles used in breathing
parslyzed and the patient can only be kept
alive by having some one else keep his lungs
expanding and contracting. Sometimes this Is
done by the prone pressure of artificial respira-
ton, relays of relatives and friends taking turns
in doing the job.
For use in such cases, a young engineer at
Harvard School of Public Health, Philip Drinker,
designed an apparatus, called a respirator which
replaces the manual operation of artificial
respiration. The patient is placed inside the
1espirator, with only his head outside.
The pressure of air inside the tank is alter
nately increased and decreased and this change
in pressure forces the lungs to expand and con-
tract, Just as the manual or prone pressure
method doe =, and with every expansion air Is
sucked into the lungs to be forced out with
every contraction as in normal breathing.
A FTER some accidents. particularly gas poi
soning. a pulmotor is used with artificial
respiration by the prone pressure method. The
patient then gets oxygen or mixture OF oxygen
and carbon dioxide sucked into his lungs with
every artificial breath.
Artificial respiration restores life by first start
ing the breathing again. Other methods have
been devised to restore life by first starting the
nearL DeaLlng again. One OF LneSe Is an elecLrlc
needle which is thrust between the ribs and
directly into the heart.
This device invented by DR.. Albert S.
Hyman of New York City. 1t takes advantage
of the fact that the heart has a natural pace
maker a spot where its contraction is started
and which is connected with those parts of the
brain and nervous system which have to do with
regulating the heartbeat DR.. Hymans device
is called the artificial pacemaker.
The needle Is stuck into the heart close 20
the natural pacemaker and weak electric
shock is sent through it into the heart at regu-
lar intervals, say 40 or more to the minute.
Each shock starts contraction of the heart
just as the natural pacemaker would.
An older method Of reviving a stopped heart
is by massage. The surgeon opens the chest
of the apparently hfeess patient and messages
the heart by artificial respiration. In reporting
the heart massage method Of revivng hfeless
patients. Prof. o. Bruins of the University Of
Koenigsburg, Germany, credits his success with
the method more to the artificial respiration
with oxygen than to the heart massage.
Other methods of starting the heart make use
of chemical StimulantS Chief among these Is
adrenalin, the potent hormone produced by the
medulla or inner part of the adrenal glands.
In extreme cases this Is injected directly into
The heart Generally it is injected into a vein
OF dying patient and is carried back TO the
heart by the blood stream.
heart may stop beating and life ebb away
when there has been severe hemorrhage. In
such cases the physician win resort to blood
TRANSMISSION TO give the heart something to
pump. In Russia q method has recently been
found for using the blood of accident victims
who could not be resuscitated to restore life to
ether patients about to die from lack of blood