The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1934-12-31


600 workers lost their jobs during
the same period.
Out of every five workers in the
United States, there are two en-
ployed, one partly unemployed and
two totally unemployed, the pre-
liminary figures Of the Pen and
Hammer show. This ratio is based
on the employment estimates for
November as follows:
16,575, 900 fully employed.
100000 partly unemployed.
1885 900 totally unemployed.
These figures" the Pen and
Hammer survey pointed out, do
not include the 12,700,00 independ-
ent farmers, self-employed profess
SIGNALS and the small shopkeepers
and businessmen that make up the
balance Of the working population.
Figures Include P.W.A.
The figure for the employed in
clude all P.WA. workers. Those for
the unemployed include S,330,0o0
new workers who have come of age
since the 1890 census. The Pen
and Hammer in revising its figures
Of October for young workers, based
its estimation on 1928-29 conditions,
Although giving this lower figure,
the Pen and Hammer pointed out
that statistical evidence has not
been computed by the government
agencies, and when and if such
computation is made, the estimates
for the totally unemployed will al
most certainly have to be revised
upward by 100000 to 100000.
THE loss in production resulting
from partial and complete unem-
ployment is greater than has been
generally realized. When the loss
due to partial unemployment is
roughly estimated as one-fourth
that of complete unemployment,
then the total production loss equals
that of approximately 100000
workers"
Based on Census
The Pen and Hammer figures for
partial unemployment are based on
studies of the Census of American
Business, 1888; report of the Presi-
dents Organization on Unemploy-
ment Relief 1882 brought to date
from the Bureau of Labor Statistics
figures, local surveys of unemploy-
ment in Buffalo, Louisville, KY, and
Philadelphia, reports of the Inter
state Commerce Commission, data
by the Department of Labor cover
ing various industries, and reports
of employment of members of the
American Federation of Labor.
CHICAGO, Ill, Dec. 28.-"Consid-
erably sharper than average season.
al declines" in both wages and jobs
were reported yesterday by the Illi-
nois Department of Labor. Jobs
fell 81 per cent from October, and
total wages we're cut 3.6 per cent.
On the basis of the 1925 to 1927
average used by the Department of
Labor, wages now stand at 535 per
cent of normal.
Among the weekly average wages
reported by the Department of
Labor are $3.50 in the mems
clothing industry; 1929 in miscells-
neous textile trades; $11.40 in fruit
and vegetable canning; and SLAB
in the thread and Irvine industry
Hotels and restaurants paid an
average of $1497 week to all
workers. These averages, it must
be remembered, include high wages
paid to those in executive positions,
and do not represent the miserable
wages given the workers.
During the month of November,
100000 persons were on work relief
at an average weekly wage of 500.
Even this was not all in cash, but
in grocery orders, coal, shoes and
clothing, the Illinois Relief Com
mission pointed out.
Destitution Rises in Massachusetts,
BOSTON, Mass, Dec. 30.-Em-
ployment dropped IA per cent in
November as compared with Octo-
Der, and wages slumped is per cent,
according to the Massachusetts, De-
partrnent of Labor, which based its
reports on returns from 1883 manu-
featuring concerns.
WHITES IN