davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1934-09-04
Everyday Psychology.
By DIR. Jesse W. sPRowLs.
The Avoidance of Pain.

&0S AvVAoauOC Va oAAAs
pleasure Is the absence Of un-
= pleasantness. Philosophers, both
ancient and modern, have argued that
there Is no pleasure In this world ex-
cept q temporary escape from annoy
ance.
One way to seek pleasure and avoid
pain Is to make excuses. No one likes
excuses, but every one makes them.
This universal indulgence must mean
something, and it does mean some
thing. It means the salvation of
many minds that might otherwise go
down under the burden Of petty griev-
anceS.
Another way to seek pleasure and
avoid pain Is to do nothing. This long
period Of unemployment has begun to
bring the inactivity mechanism out
where we can see 1t. There are hun
dreds II not thousands Of persons
today who really find pleasure In
being forced to remain idle. sur
mise that some day we win know
still more about this hidden mental
attitude.
Then there are those who seek pleas
ure and avoid pain by the simple
method Of letting their memories lapse.
Painful memories are never really
forgotten. But one may force them
out Of consciousness at least tempo
rarily by saying to oneself, MY fail
ure to remember Is my fortress" It
seems that this mechanism becomes
more active as we grow older. Old
age forgetfulness Is at last partially
q habit.
tCopyrisht. 1e34.D
Evening star., 1934-09-04
Uncle Ray
II. In Ancient Rome.
The Story Of Schools.

4AO Os8Ny Va oCnVOaos
CTARTNG TO school ct the age Of
z, Roman boys and girls learned
to read, to write and to do sums In
arithmetic. Their teachers were
men, usually slaves or former slaves
Of foreign birth or descent, many
having come from Greece.
After hearing the teacher read
aloud, the pupils repeated the words
and sentences.
Wooden boards covered with wax
were used as tablets. The writing
was done with stylus" q short
rod made of wood, ivory or metal.
This rod was about 5 inches long.
It had q sharp end for marking the
wax surface Of the, tablet and .
blunt end used for "erasing."
Older boys and girls learned to
write with reed pens, on sheets Of
papyrus-the paper which had been
invented in Egypt.
= In modern schools We use Arabic
numbers, but Roman children had
a different system. For 81" they set
down "I." For IS" they used iii"
"Five" was written by "v" and "1o"
by "X." For 400" they wrote &C."
which, by the way, is the first letter
Of our word century"
Sometimes the school building was
no more than q roof placed on posts
or pillars. There was noise and hub
bub on the streets around, and pupils
in schools Of the pergola type must
have found 1t hard to keep their
minds on their studies. Many schools
had long benches without backs. but
in others each pupil had chair Of
his own.
After going to primary school,
Roman girls usually gave up class
work; but in their homes they
learned to spin, weave and sew
thus making ready for marriage,
Evening star., 1934-09-04
Bedtime Stories
By THORNTON w. BURGESS.

something moving out there. Then in
walked, not Jimmy OF Mrs. Jimmy or
any other member Of their family, but
some one very much bigger and wholly
different.
"As I live. 1t is Bobby Coonl" ex-
claimed Farmer Browns Boy under
his breath.
It was. He came in as II be were
familiar with that woodshed, and
Farmer Browns Boy guessed at once
that it was Bobby who had emptied
those pans each night. Once inside
Bobby hesitated. He seemed to be q
bit suspicious. Things were not as
they had been. It was the light. Al
ways before when he had come in it
had been dark in there.
So he hesitated and sniffed.< He
walked back and forth uneasily near
the cat-hole. Farmer Browns Boy
held his breath. Bobby could see those
food pans and little by little appetite
got the better of his suspicious. Slowly
he approached and presently began to
eat, but it was hurriedly, not in the
least like the calm, unhurried manner
OF Jimmy Skunk. As soon as he had
emptied the pans he hurried out.
Farmer Browns Boy drew q long
breath. $50" he said, "you are the
one who has been coming In the night.
Now wonder how you found out that
there was food In here. You must
have been watching Jimmy and Mrs.
Jimmy and then done little exploring
yourself when all was still here In the
house."
And this Is exactly the way of II.
The little people of the Green Forest
keep sharp watch Of their neighbors.
Bobby Coon had noticed that Jimmy
and Mrs. Jimmy were growing fat and
sleek as If they were having good living.
Night after night he had seen them
returning from the direction Of Farmer
Browns house. So one night he had
hidden where he could watch and he
had seen them come out Of the cat
hole. The same thing had happened
the next night. Very late that night,
when the lights were out and all was
still, he had ventured inside and dis
covered food. After that he was a
nightly visitor.
, tcopyright. 1934)
Evening star., 1934-09-04
Who Are You?
The Romance of Your Name
By RUBY HAsKrNs ELLIS.

Holman, who in I845, was standard
bearer on Bosworth Field. His de-
scendants were the Holmans Of Sut-
ton. in Devonshire.
One Of the first of this name in
America was Solomon Holman, who
was Q resident Of West Newbury,
Mass. In 1898. His grandson, Col.
Jonathan Holman, participated In the
early wars Of this country, serving in
1758 as captain of q company which
took part In the Alarm Of Fort VIII
liam Henry. In TITS he was made
major Of troops recruited for service
in the Revolution. He was rapidly
promoted, but In 1779 resigned his
commission Of colonel because Of Ill
health.
Others settlers of this name ir New
England were Edward Holman, who
came to- Plymouth, Mass. In 1923,
and was one of the purchasers OF
Dartmouth, Mass. in 1852. Ezekiel
Holman was living in Salem, Mass,
IN 1887. He later removed to Rhode
Island, where he was one Of the
founders Of the Baptist Church in
Providence. william Holman was a
resident Of Cambridge, Mass, In 1895,
coming from Northampton, England.
Representatives of the name Of
Holman are now living in every part
Of the United States.
(Copyright. 1034)
Evening star., 1934-09-04
Sparrow
ny ID. C. PEATTIE.

A FEW weeks ago friend called me
up and asked me to come and
identity q bird which he had in q
cage. He assured me that the bird
was not In any bird book and that 1t
sang all night. As it was native
bird, which he had found in dazed
condition on the ground. was H.
clined to doubt what he said.
I haven't, myself, ever come across
q bird that wasn't In any complete
bird book, and there Is little ikei-
hood that anybody but an expert vr-
nithologist could do 80 tn this day
and age, when our bird fauna is 10
thoroughly known. didn't believe
it sang at night, either, though In
this ] was TO ind myself mistaken.
It was q somewhat nodescript little
fowl which I bcheld, streaked with
bay and brown, with dun red epau-
lettes. A bit of systematic research
soon turned up the Identification
which I ought to have known all
along. It was the vesper sparrow, o
bird Of which I have often heard, and
very seldom seen outside of museum
cases.
The vesper sparrow takes It's pretty
name from the fact that 1t sings, say
all the books, In the twilight. But
remember distinctly hearing the yes
per sparrow In the West singing until
midnight and again in the dawn. In
that habit this little fellow is much
like the whippoorwill. Europe. of
course, can boast the nightingale. We
haven't any such nocturnal singer as
that. But In this country there really
are several serenading choristers. );
The mocking birds Of California
often sing most Of the night, when the
moon is full. Besides our owls and
whippoorwills, I have noted that the
white throat and the ield sparrows
often sing on Summer nights-quite
aside from the sleepy chirps Of robins,
catbirds and others which may occur
II the creatures are awakened in the
darkness.
The song Of the vesper sparrow is
one Of great sweetness. Like most of
the sparrow tribes songs, the lay con-
sists chiefly of one syllable-that is.
there is no differentiation in the pro-
nunciation of notes. And not only
that, but the song, as I heard it, was
q monotone change Of pitch.
Yet this canticle Is most flexible, and
has the typical piercing sweetness of
the better singers Of the sparrow tribe
The whole performance consists
simply In accent and rhythm-the
length Of time that the singer holds
q note, or the speed with which he
trills. Then, too, there are the varia-
tions on the monotone that can be
created by volume, diminuendo and
crescendo, and, finally, the expression
poured into the phrase, the first notes
pensive, the middle notes bold, the
end of the musical sentence pathetic.
I do not mean to overpraise the
aria Of the vesper sparrow. It is not
so fine IS that Of the white-throat,
song sparrow or even the happy field
sparrow. But it is marvellous that it
is as fine as 1t Is. And, of course,
there is a special glamour upon any
bird voice issuing through the dark
ness.
The vesper sparrow is a migrant of
swift passage in the District, and q
rather rare Summer resident.
Evening star., 1934-09-04
Conquering Contract
By r. HAL SINS.

I'll show you how to play the hand"
II presume you can count" lee
tured A. MY lead Of the deuce of
clubs must be q singleton. It cannot
be the fourth best, since there are
only three clubs in mine and East's
hand. Therefore it was rotten play
to underlead your king Of clubs in
order to maintain worthless tenace
over dummy. Holding . singleton
heart, you might surmise that I had
Q trump trick. Lay down your ace
and king Of clubs and return Q small
club"
"on which I discarded q diamond"
interrupted East.
"Oh, you do, do your" said A.
Very well I win the trick by trump
ing, lay down my ace Of diamonds
and play q spade to get my partner
in the lead. He now returns another
club. II you trump high, ! am bound
to get q trump trick. A discard will
do you no good. Thus we get two
hearts, two clubs, q diamond and q
spade. So how do you like your con-
tract Of two hearts now2"
B solemnly paid A 10 cents.
Copyright. 1e34)
Mr.. Sims win answer all Inquiries on
psper with seif-sddressed stamped en-
velope.
Evening star., 1934-09-04

Importance to man, It is hard sled
ding to make the fact known and still
harder to have 1t accepted.
In the flrst place they are perfect
models for flying machines. Look at
those wide lovely WINGS The chest
with the machinery in 1t for propel-
ling the body. The long, slender body
to be used as q rudder. The legs for
holding the food that is caught while
the dragon fly Is cruising over the
mosquito bogs. The great eyes that
can spot one Of these stahbers from
a distance and the ability of the flyer
to 60 through the air with the speed
Of bullet.
The policemen Of the air were not
built for walking. They are capable
of holding fast to twig or other
object upon which the dragon fly
alights to rest awhile. All dragon
flies are aquatic. They spend the
early part of their lives in the water
assure you they are as different in
youth as you could possibly imagine.
From youth to old age they are
provided with strong jaws. Though
the jaws could only inf1ict q mere pin
prick In the adult, the youngster
could give q sharp little nip. To those
in the stream about him he is q
formidable foe.
Dragon flies capture their food on
wing and consume their prey as they
glide about through the air. II a fine
likely ny is within their reach, a
pair Of the legs hold the first caught
prey while the expert hunter gets
another victim. The discarded re-
mains are dropped as a new un-
suspecting fellow is caught. The
hunter is q hundred per cent shot.
He never misses what he goes after.
The sense of direction is perfect and
Evening star., 1934-09-04
4 A-0
W
\ J-g-6-4
&A-K-10-7-4-3
AXIS ~ AQ-J-4-2
WE 49,
. Q-9-s-6 $50
4 10-8-6-3
vJ-10-9-8
= A-10-6-7
"a

After two passes, B. in the North
position, bid one club. A Mr.. Jones,
who happened to be playing East, bid
one heart. A passed, and West gave
q courtesy bid of one no trump. B
rebid his club suit, and Jonesey came
right in with two hearts, which was
passed all around.
A opened the deuce Of clubs, B won
the trick with the ace, and returned
of all things small club, forcing
A to run. A now picked o card to
get his partner in the lead-the three
of spades. East ducked the trick In
dummy, and B won with the ace
and then made the brilliant return
OF another spade. At this point A
began to holler for his 10 cents.
East genially agreed with him. since
all he had to do was draw tr,mps
and drive out the ace Of diamonds
in order to make three hearts.
"I'm tired" said B. "The hand
couldn't have been defeated anyway.
Are you kicking about the oFertrick?"
"Oh, 1t couldn't have been defeated.
eh?" snorted A wrathfully. "You
just sit down here. little man. and
Evening star., 1934-09-04
Mature S Children
By LILLIAN cox ArHEY.

the timing Of its speed Is absolutely
accurate. It has been noted that the
dragon fly has been seen catching the
small insect with its jaws, while the
legs caught the larger ones. So swift
Is the whole operation, our eyes can
scarcely follow 1t.
The appetite of the dragon fly all
during his life is almost unlimited.
A test was made and one buxsome
fellow consumed 40 overweight green
flies within two hours. Possibly be-
cause he did not have to use up any
energy catching them. he had all OF
1t left to devote to the proffered feast.
Z The mother layt hers eggs either In
the water or inserted In the stem Of
an aquatic plant. The number laid Is
variable. but large number i usually
laid.
In short time the eggs hatch and
the lively youngsters begin an active
life Of plunder. They are clever
enough % hunt for shelter under q
stone, and from this point Of vantage
do their hunting.
Look at his handy lower jaw. It
folds up when not In use and under q
lens the young fellow resembles q wee
bulldog. Try to find some OF them in
the stream or pond this Autumn.
With his mask over his face, the little
villain of the muddy stream bottom.
waits for his prey. When the luckless
one is within the correct distance for
that lower jaw-out 1t shoots and f1ips
the unsuspecting insect into the
clever hunters mouth. A small fish
goes the same way and the sharp
teeth of the lower jaw Of the angler
makes short work Of It.
When this nymph has become full
grown, it crawls out Of the water on
the bank or upon some object upon
which 1t can stand. It's skin splits
down the back and the adult dragon
fly slowly emerges. You must look
about the edges of streams and find
some Of these interesting empty skins.
Two thousand species of dragon
flies have been described. About three
hundred and twenty-five of them are
Americans. The beautiful ones are
prime favorites for collections. The
younger generation thrive in aquari-
unns. In case you wish to board q
few Of them this Winter and see them
step forth next Spring as handsome
gauzy- winged creatures, I mention
this fact.
Evening star., 1934-09-04
Ny Neighbor Says:

Apples baked in pineapple juice
are delicious. Peel and core the
apples, cover them with juice and
bake until soft.
Do not remove wood ashes that
accumulate in your fireplace.
Pile them up and burn wood on
top Of them. Ashes retain heat,
which Is sent out into the room.
Toast. carefully made, and cut
into strips. piled log cabin FASH
ion on pretty plate, proves to
be more tempting than ordinary
slices to the child with o finicky
appetite.
To remove paper which has
stuck to . polished surface,
soften with q little olive Oil.
(copyright, 1e34.)
Evening star., 1934-09-04
Liver and Macaroni.

Cook one and one-half cupfuls of
macafoni, broken in pieces, In boiling
salted water until 'e.Her. Drain.
Cook one pound Of beef liver In boil
ing salted water until tender. Cut
the liver in small pieces and reduce
the liquid to two-thirds curt IL. Com
bine the macaroni. Nrel, liquid and
two cupfuls Of canned tomatoes. Add
two tablespoonfuls Of butter, one tea
spoonful Of onion juice, and salt and
pepper to taste. Simmer for 10
minutes.
Evening star., 1934-09-04
Fruit Sponge.

Make q round sponge cake and
scoop out the center. Dissolve o
package Of lemon, jell-o In q pint
Of boiling water, and when it cools
cut up In it peaches and strawber-
ries. II strawberries are not In sea
son, make q strawberry jell-o and
cut up In It bananas, oranges and
pineapple. When 1t begins to jell,
put it into the cake center. as the
jelly should run into the cake enough
to make 1t little soft. Serve with
whipped cream on top, and garnish
with chopped nuts and top with q
red strawberry or red cherry. Use
the cake scooped from the center with
q good pudding sauce for dessert
another day.
Evening star., 1934-09-04
Cucumber Cups.

This makes q dainty dish for lunch.
con. Gut the impaired cucumbers into
sections 2 inches long and cook until
tender in water salted just before the
cooking is completed. Scoop out the
center Of each section, leaving one
half an inch thickness all around the
sides, as well as on the bottom, thus
making green cups of the vegetable.
These cups may be filled with creamed
chicken, sweetbreads, mushrooms, or
any other filling, held together with
white sauce.
Evening star., 1934-09-04
Dorothy Dix Says
Well-to-Do Young Couple Who Fail to Set
Aside Something for Old Age Not Only
Foolish but Downright Dishonest.

DxI have been married three and wife
I any 1 sns sous s BE we we eo | so sa
and good salaries we have not saved cent We live well
But 70 for u al We
something for the s utre . '''' sosERT
Answer think Robert young couple
not aside something for rainy day
that they viii always be always strong and healthy
ar g ss soms naI M ns nes M As
to To all comes the have day SD @ saa s n sm e
and know the humiliation Of
dependence
TT could lay
themselves not to do because they rob other persons
S 5 that .nd butter ns s @ abe e s s % ans M %
save The prosa who spend th. substance rStou @ living al
industrious which pretty man low hodup game to play on
age Of young couple he could predict with almost absolute a
what ns fs "sa $ the shs n ass - So up % 80
they would be M & % those who
s ss ssu s p n the . o
mouth always moving by
bill collectors and they would end by living their children
.as. & thrift the
fan to see how important for young couple to cent
they possibly can
And this not only for the future but for the present
true that opportunity knocks at time at but
only the who : @ a = his M hand can take
little who give bad
'ss set s sin Il :n s Up :
scheme that makes riches for all who 60 into It,
The only free with money
slaves.
THERE you off, my friend and
that old And whether old
filled with humiliation bitterness altogether
you are financially dependent or independent.
Surely you woman
shabby neglected whom nobody wanted could whether
1t worth while putting by when just order
to save yourself from that forlorn fate
NEAR DOROTHY DIX am widow a wears of aue nusua,v
looking and excellent health membranes
as both Of children married have income whatever
prefer you
WIDOW.
upon having enough
settling your me- you viii be mil
lion times happier earning bread and butter than
be eating cake at your in-aw's table.
In reality 43 coming
isn't bit old ap
pea
you have session
with yourself and nnd out what really
vocational school that teaches that particular thing
very latest kinks in it. ~x4gs
You the trouble early
ana who have spent their years rearns family that they
well but they ct nothing
not ncass dressmakers They
when they start expert
out Job anxious and
for service Fit people
clamor for
enough
there always waiting list boarding
Tor their cooking and their cleanliness and home atmosphere
The only occupation you against becoming unpaid
grandchildren
DOROTHY DIX
Evening star., 1934-09-04

empty. He Began to wonder at the
appetites of those two Skunks, and
this led him to wonder II it could be
that other members Of the Skunk
family came In during the night.
"I'n Just sit out there late tonight
to see II It Is those Skunks who clean
out those pans" said he to himself as
he was thinking about the matter one
day. So that evening he arranged q
little table with lamp on 1t, took out
q comfortable chair to sit in and pre-
pared to spend the first half Of the
night there II necessary. Jimmy and
Mrs. Jimmy came In as usual and.
having eaten their Ill, departed. An
hour dragged away. Farmer Browns
Boy read q little and then began to
grow sleepy. Almost another hour had
gone and he was beginning to wonder
II 1t was really worth while to sit there
any longer when he heard sound
outside the cathode. Instantly he was
wide awake. Were those Skunks re-
turning?
He sat perfectly still, for he knew
that II . strange Skunk should happen
to be there he might easily take alarm.
He kept his eyes fast on the cathode,
which was In shadow. He dimly saw
Evening star., 1934-09-04
Salad Dressing.

Eight egg yolks, one-half cupful
sugar, one teaspoonful mustard, one
teaspoonful salt, four tablespoonfuls
-four. one-hak cupful vinegar, one
and one-half cupfuls water and two
tablespoonfuls butter.
Beat yolks and add dry ingredients.
Add rest of ingredients and cook slow
ly and stir constantly until mixture
becomes thick and creamy. Beat
and pour into glass jar which has
been rinsed out Of cold water. Cool.
cover; store In ice box.
When ready to serve thin the dress
ing Q little with sweet or sour cream.
Evening star., 1934-09-04
Roast Beef-Creo.e Sauce.

Slice the roast beef, heat it. and
place In a hot dish, pouring over 1t
Creole sauce made as follows: Chop
one large onion and let simmer for
about 10 minutes in q frying pan
with one tablespoonful Of butter. Add
one small can Of tomatoes seasoned
highly with salt and cayenne pepper
and let all cook together until all the
water is cooked out Of the tomatoes
and it is quite thick. Just before
serving add one dozen large green
olives stoned and chopped and one
small can of mushrooms.
Evening star., 1934-09-04
An Afternoon Dress for the Older Woman
Black Will Be Worn for After
noon Occasions by Matrons
This Season.
BY BARABAR BELL.
REASSURrNG welcome Q

REASSURlNG welcome awaits
~ the dress which embraces
A front closing with surplice in
4 j clinations, and behind the
rippling revers of which may
be concealed the unwanted pounds
30 frequently accumulated by women
who are no longer young.
The designer Of the dress IN the
sketch has relied wholeheartedly upon
the diplomatic treatment usually ac-
corded the matronly figure by fluent
fabric and clever cutting. The lines,
fundamentally, are conservative. The
waist is at normal--the skirt, slim
and plain. All trimming interest has
been kept where 1t belongs-that Is,
toward the top Of the figure, its mis-
sion being to fiatter the face and take
attention away from the lower part
Of the body, which, only In rare in
stances, can afford being high-lighted
after one has taken on extra weight
Other points which are of interest,
solely because Of their merit from
practical standpoint, are the deep
darts over the busts, and the set-in
sleeves. The latter are comfortably
made, and the additional trimming
pieces are placed at point where
they will do what is right for the
silhouette in general.
Fortunately, for the older woman.
the season Is q black one-that Is,
for afternoon dresses. It is generally
relieved by light contrast near the
face. Novelty silks are appearing. at
their smartest, in combination with
plain Canton crepe. or those pebbly
silk weaves that look so well on large
people because of their dull, non
rejecting surfaces. Rayons are mixed
with wool this season, to the mutual
advantage Of both. Plain woods are
seen made up with satin, and in cases
where money is no object, fine lame
(soft, pliable and restrained Is used
effectively.
Barbara Bell pattern No. 1434-B
Is designed In sizes "a to so. Size SO
requires 3% yards of 39-inch mate
rial; " yard Of 39-inch contrast.
Every Barbara Bell pattern has an
illustrated instruction guide that is
easy to follow.
Evening star., 1934-09-04

THIS name is derived from ''holme,"
an old English word signifying "fiat
meadow" The family Of Holman has
given many celebrated men and wom-
en- to the world, both in England and
in America. One Of the first records
we have Of the use of the name in
England Is that of one Baron John