davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-05
Glass Globe Filled With
Water, Used as Magni6er

Some sort Of magnifier must have
been used from very early times, for
1t does not seem possible that the
ancient gem cutters could have &C
complished their work without some
aid. Possibly it consisted of glass
globe filed with water. for Seneca
wrote in A. D. So: Letters however
small and dim, are comparatively
large and distinct when seen
through glass tube filed with wa
ter"
1t Is probable, too, that lenses
Of glass were also used, though the
first mention of spectacles in which
convex glasses were employed is
made by Bernard de Gordon about
1907.
The first microscopes were very
simple In construction, consisting Of
short tubes Of any material that
would not admit the light, with a
lens at one end and glass plate
at the other. On the glass plate
was laid the object to be examined.
Descartes invented such a Simple
microscope In which the rays Of
light were reflected on the object
by means Of a concave mirror.
The highest development Of the
simple microscope was reached in
the employment Of lenses Of very
short focus. Robert Hook, curator
Of the Royal society when 1t was
first formed in 1852, made these
lenses by fusing a thread Of glass
until it formed tiny ball, the ball
was then snapped off, stuck into
wax, and the remains of the stalk
ground away The tiny balls were
then fixed with wax into a pin hole
made in a metal plate.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-05
One-Cent Stamp of 1856
Most Valuable in World

The British Guiana 1855 one-cent
stamp Is the most valuable bit Of
postal paper in existence, says the
Boston Transcript. Like many an
other rarity, its worth was not rec
ognized by its original owner. A
lad living in British Guiana who
found it among some old family
papers in the year 1872, sold it to
collector for $1.50! The stamp
thereafter changed owners several
times, each time at rising prices,
until in 1880 it was purchased for
5000 by that great stamp collector
Of all time, the Austrian Count
Philip la Renotiere Won Ferrary.
When Count Ferrary died, in
1917, his huge and wonderful col
lection was sold in a series Of IA
auction sales at price which to-
tailed $2,275,975. It was at one Of
these auction sales that the agent
of an American millionaire, the late
Arthur Hind, of Utica, N. Y. out
bid the agent of King George V for
the possession Of the British Guiana
rarity. The price paid, including
the French governments tax, was
$38,025-a colossal sum for one
postage stamp! Yet stamp prices,
like all prices, are based on laws
Of supply and demand. There are
millions Of stamp collectors, but only
one copy Of the one-cent 1856 stamp
Of British Guiana. This stamp, it
is estimated, If sold, would sell in
the neighborhood Of $4,000.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-05

Mr.. Nelson is little known and
will not attract votes. His party
in the primary was a pitful third.
The only logical way is for Mr..
Regain and Mr.. Nelson to withdraw
and both parties support Mr.. Schilp-
lin, next below Mr.. Regain in votes,
by convention. Mr.. Schilplin is an
outstanding man not identified
with any faction and will command
nearly unanimous support of the
press. Every republican with
whom have talked has stated that
he would gladly support him if
nominated.
It is a crisis when common
sense should replace party politics
and all should unite for the good
of the state. A great number of in
telligent men and women, not
tightly bound by party ties, will
gladly support a fusion ticket. The
state is not yet ready for red rule
or anarchy.-H. L. Staples, Mime
apolis.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-05
TOO MUCH THEORY

Approving the idea that our system of education,
professional education is encountered with sup
erhuous theory and non-essentials, eminent Eng
fish engineer c. B. Gordon-Sale, expresses doubt con-
corning the value of such amount of higher math-
ematics must be mastered by young engineers.
He declares that many of the involved theories,
embodyng yards of calculations out of place and
liable to warp the mental outlook to such an extent
that it takes years of experience to again attain
reasonable view of engineering problems"
He further asserts that he has never had to use
much that he learned during his technical training,
but that he constantly needed knowledge of cost
timating and other practical matters not taught in
school, but which had to be picked up through cor
rected mistakes.
Referring to the yea that higher mathematics
and accompanying host of algebraic symbols are
necessary for the formation of logical modes Of
thought, Mr.. Gordon-Sale thinks the idea does not
work out because he believes that "cramming' is
had for anyone, and adds:
1.-THE amount of matter that has to get
through is great that there is time for basic
principles; the sole aim of college days is to get the
numerical problems right"
Mr.. Gordon-Sale merely expresses what good
many thoughtful persons including leading educat-
ors, have suspected for quite while. And the fault
he points out is by confined to engineering
courses.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-05
Prisoners Citizenship
Lost When Incarcerated

According to the warden of the
Ohio penitentiary, each prisoner
upon admittance to the penitentiary
is automatically DISTINGUISHED, and
he can seek restoration of his citi-
zenship only when he has received
final discharge from his prison
term.
A paroled prisoner is actually still
prisoner who has been allowed
to prove himself over a period of
time away from prison as specified
by the paroling authorities, and If
he has proven himself worthy, is
granted a final release from the
sentence and may then make appli-
cation to the governor to have his
citizenship restored, which is grant
ed in all cases where proper proof
is furnished that the applicant was
a citizen prior to his imprison-
ment.
Those receiving full pardons au-
tomatically return to the status en-
joyed prior to being incarcerated,
the full pardon legally proving the
recipient guiltless.
Prisoners receiving conditional
pardons or executive clemency in
the way of Communication of SEN
tence Commonly referred to as par
dons), make application for res
toration in the same manner the
paroled do after they have fulfilled
the conditions imposed.-Cleveland
Plain Dealer.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-05
OUR QUEER LANGUAGE

In plea for greater consistency a spelling re-
former has called attention to a few of the many
vagaries displayed in English spelling and pronun-
citation.
The sound of long "a, for example, is represent
ed in many different ways, in lady, al in rain,
eign in reign ay in pay Ell in VEL ey in they eye in
obeyed, ca in great, in goal, in gauge, ag in
champagne, ag in campaign, aigh in straight and al
in wait.
Other sounds are represented by almost equal
variety of spellings Words pronounced alike have
different meanings, such rght-rte write-wright,
to-two-too, oh-owe, and many others Words spelled
alike may mean entirely different things such as row,
bow, lead, saw and so on.
These pecuiarities have to do merely with ortho-
graphy When the other innumerable inconsistencies
of the language considered, the wonder is that
anyone ever learns to speak and write English cor
rectly.
AS matter of fact, hardly anyone ever does.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-05
Parents Attitudes

II try to act as if I expected Bob
by to mind me-" says mother rue
fully, 'fbut I am never really sure
that he will, and it's getting so that
I can almost count on his paying
no attention"
This mothers fear that she
wouldn't be obeyed wasn't yelled as
she supposed. There was note of
doubt, and a slight rising infection
in her voice as she put her request
which Bobby was quck to feel
and what child could resist expert
menting a bit to see what would
happenl
Grace Langdon in Home Guild
ance for Young Children" suggests
wisely that parents overcome this
perplexity Of theirs by avoiding
any show Of surprise, no matter
how the child reacts to their COM
mands. by controlling any conster-
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-05
Jaguar

The jaguar and the jaguarundi
are not alike. Indeed two cats could
hardly be more different, yet both
inhabit tropical America. The Jag
uar is in size between, that of a
tigresses and a leopard, and, like
the latter, is marked with ring-like
spots. It is a very powerful and
savage beast, preying upon the
largest quadrupeds and reptiles In
the South American forests. On the
other hand the jaguarundi, which
seems to be an Indian name some
what modified In Spanish, is a small
wildcat Of the heated jungle from
northern Mexico to Brazil, which
lives In trees and hunts for birds
and lizards. It Is peculiar In it's
long, slender body, which measures,
about 20 inches, to which must be.
added tail 20 inches in length
Its coat is short, fine, and one of
color throughout, usually a pepper
and-salt gray.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-05
WOMEN AND TIME

From time immemorial husbands have COM
planned of the long time it took their wives to dress;
men have observed that women did not heed the
flight of time, but carried seemingly interninable
telephone conversations without realizing how long
they talked, and
This apparent lack of regard for time by the fair
has been the source of endless cornment-often
profane. But now it has all been explained thanks
to modern psychology.
Exhaustive tests conducted at Johns Hopkins
University show that just naturally can't help
it. They don't realize the meaning of "tempus fugt"
These tests developed the fact that an
average estimate the time it takes them to perform
a given task at about one-half the actual time re-
qured. DR.. Isabel Stewart, who conducted the
tests which were made with 1,OS4 students both men
and women said:
"Men estimate more accurately. The inaccurac-
les of imply that time really shorter to
women than to men,"
Which recalls the joke Photographer who wrote:
Married men do not live longer; it just long
err"
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-05
midas Venomous Snakes
Less Than Six Feet Long

Should you encounter q snake
more than six feet long In INDIA.
outside the thick jungles OF Travan-
acore, Assam and Burma, you need
not be badly worried, according TO
q zoologist connected with the Re-
view of India, of Calcutta and Del
hi. For he tells US that most OF
the deadly venomous snakes native
to that country are six feet or IN
der in length. The deadly jungle
species attaining a length of more
than six feet is the Hamadryas or
king cobra.
But even if they are not mon
sters, the poisonous snakes OF India
do plenty of damage. 1.-THE wild
beasts Of India kill 1000 people
every month";" this authority writes.
There are 800 species Of snakes
registered, of which 81 are toxic
GO water snakes, Is vipers, III
kraits and 8 species of cobras).
Only two Of the vipers can give q
fatal bite, and there are only four
species Of land snakes whose bite
is usually fatal These are a spe-
cies Of cobra, a kraft. the chain VIZ
per, Russel's viper, or daboia, and
the phoorsa, echis carinata or saw
scaled viper.
Everyone should learn to recog-
nize the four types Of snakes among
which extreme poisonous varieties
are to be found, even though he
cannot distinguish the Individual
species, for two reasons-to be as
wary as possible If the reptiles are
Of type to be feared, and to mini
mize the possibility Of dying from
fright when bitten by a species that
Is comparatively harmless.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-05
RAYMOND-ASHLEY MEET

The Raymond-Ashley All Clue
held their regular meeting Friday
evening, June %, at William Shan
ahan's. After the regular business
program the group discussions were
held in the livestock and home
economics divisions. Information
was given on the All program of
the fair. Members who attended
the Morris camp gave their re-
ports. The Grove Lake All Club
gave a wonderful entertainment
program. It included two vocal so
loists and the school quartet, a pi-
ano solo, a violin number and a
dramatic reading. After the meet
ing the whole group played games.
The front lawn proved to be an ex-
cellent place for the gathering.
Cake and lemonade were served at
u:30. Mrs. Walter Payne is our
adult leader now.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-05
(Reprinted from Minneapolis
Journal of June %, 1934)
FUSION OR FAILURE

To the Editor of The Journal:
My early manhood was passed in
Maine where in politics the office
sought the man, developing such
great characters as James G.
Blaine, Hannibal Hamlin, Thomas
B. Reed and many others. Coming
to this state 4 felt myself more of
a democrat having voted for Gro
yer Cleveland, but was met with
this statement 'You can't be DEM
ocrat and preserve your respecta-
bility." voted the republican tick
ct, even for Harding which 7
trust, Saint Peter will forgive me.
The primary vote clearly shows
that a majority are opposed to the
present state government, but 1t is
divided. Mr.. Regan is a good
earnest worker according to many
a little too radical. He will get
the votes Of those who are still
voting for Andrew Jackson and
William j. Bryan and no more. He
heads one of two antagonistic wings
in his party and they will never Zap
in unison.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-05
Can Watch Day Being Born

In the Arctic ocean, about seventy
miles from Nome, are two Islands
the Big and Little Diomedes. The
big one belongs to the Soviet Union
and the little one is United States
territory, and they are less than two
miles apart. Here live people who,
without turning their heads, can
see America and Asia. Believe it
or not, says writer in the Cosmo-
politan, they are the only people in
the world who can watch a day be-
ing born. Each day begins out in
the middle of the Pacific ocean on
the international date line, myth
cal mark on the one hundred and
eightieth meridian-which runs be-
tween these two Diomede islands.
Today began exactly at one mo-
ment after midnight last night on
this date line, and these lonely Rus
slams and Americans out there
watched it being born many hours
ago.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-05
Barometer Has Been Big
Aid to Weather Wizards

The air contains water. vapor,
ammonia, hydrogen, nitric acid,
dust particles and a host of vari.
GUS small plants and animals, such
as yeast plants and various germs
and bacteria. These constituents
are variable In amount and are
largely the product of modern cit
les and civilized life-with the ex-
ception. of course, of water, says
an authority In the Boston Globe.
This Is the chemical analysis of
air at the level of the earth. the
air we can take hold of. What of
the air overhead2
Physics, and it's infant offspring,
meteorology, the science of the
weather, also investigated the air.
Careful study of generations of SCI
entists found that at sea level the
air pressed down-that Is, weighed
-15 pounds on every square inch
Of the earth's surface. An instru-
ment known as the barometer was
invented to measure this weight,
and 1t was found that the air would
support a column of mercury 30
inches high.
Study showed that this measure
ment was not constant; it f1uctu-
ated from time to time above and
below 30 inches. Some bright mind
found that when it was below 80
inches. 1t brought rainy weather {;
when it was above 80 inches, it was
fair weather. This was a very i'm
portant discovery in the beginning
Of the science of weather.
And then some other bright mind
discovered that a barometer car
ried up mountain measured less
and less as the ascent was made.
At a height of 3.6 miles the mercury
read only Is inches-which meant
that just one-half of the entire
amount Of the atmosphere lay in
that thickness. But, there being
few mountains higher than four
miles which are climbable, SCI
entists found that they could dis
cover nothing else by direct meas
urement Of the air.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-05
Horned Dinosaurs Roamed
America in Distant Past

There were as many as 81 differ
ent species Of the horned dinosaurs
on the American scene about a mil
lion years ago, according to SCI
enlist in the New York Herald
Tribune, and with the exception Of
one species found in western Asia
they have thus far been found only
on this continent The Ceratopsia
lived in great numbers along the
western border Of a vast inland
sea which extended from what Is
now the Gulf of Mexico into north
ern Alberta and Saskatchewan,
They were formidable looking mon
sters with huge heads entirely out
Of proportion to the rest Of their
comparatively short bodies. Skulls
measuring over eight. feet in length
have been uncovered; the average
length of the complete skeletons
found vary from II to p feet.
The characteristic features Of the
large head were the great horns,
borne on the nose and above the
eyes, and the helmet-like crest
which mantled the neck. This bony
crest, extending frill-like, was in
many species, enhanced by horny
protuberances. These dinosaurs had
shearing jaws, which looked some
what like those of a loggerhead tur-
tie, for Ceratopsia were plant eat
ers.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-05

handle the child. IF one parent
laughs at a child for the same con-
duct that the other parent disap-
proves, how much more bewilder-
ing is the already bewildering
child's world! If one parent forces
the child to eat, coaxing him along,
and another parent ignores his ia
BILE behavior, how can he be sure
just what is expected Of him2
Children do obligingly live up to
what is expected of them, whether
this be good behavior or the sug-
gestion of negativism. Jackie has
reputation to live up to; he is al
ways tough" when there is COM
pany. He swaggers about, uses a
voice that is not his natural four
year-old babyish one, and does ev-
erything he knows mother doesn't
like. (He once heard that he was
always a problem when there was
company presently a..
His mother continues to put ideas
into his head. 'Now Jackie, hurry
and get into your wraps; We'll have
no fuss this morning, or we won't
CO." she says. Jackie hadn't
thought of making fuss before she
suggested it.
Suggest what to do instead of
what not to do; chi1dren's great
suggestibility makes handling them
fairly easy. Praise instead OF
blame, don't forget to praise oc-
casionally for just the ordinary
things the child does well, and if
he is struggling with table manners
with washing his own face, or what
not, praise him for any slight pro-
gress he shows.
1--WE noticed lately, Jack, how
much better you're learning to con-
troll your temper when something
goes wrong. I'm proud of that" Cat
time when Jack is calm and
things are Cling smoothly will have
better effect than a great deal of
criticism The only effect of criti-
cism is usually to discourage the
child and antagonize him, where
as the same lesson" can be got
ten across" by a bit of praise at
the right time.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-05
Existence of Sharks

Geologic ages as revealed in de.
post beds show that sharks have
lived in all parts Of the world. Yet,
strange to say, almost nothing Is to
to be discovered in evidence of
sharks through past aeons except
teeth. The beds of the worlds
oceans are paved with shark teeth,
dropped there by passing tigers of
the sea as their teeth sloughed of
and were replaced. or being depos-
tied as their hosts died. Since
there is no real bone in a shark s
body, teeth only remain undissolved
by the sea and untouched by the
passage of time, except they be
turned to fossils by chemical &C.
ton through endless centuries.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-05
Snakes Attack Feet, Legs

From 60 to 80 per cent of the per-
sons bitten by poisonous snakes in
the United States receive their
wounds on their legs or feet. ac-
cording to the bureau Of biological
survey. This is fortunate in view
of the fact that snake bites on the
head or upper part of the body have
been proved much more dangerous.
This is possibly one reason why the
mortality rate for children bitten
by poisonous snakes is practically
double that for adults. In the case
of very small children, particularly.
the poisonous fangs are quite like
ly to penetrate the skin Of the face
or elsewhere on the upper part Of
the body.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-05

nation or excitement they may feel,
and by stating their requests of di-
rection in a matter-of-fact tone,
which, she adds, is all the more
likely to sound matter-of-fact if
there is a dropping infection at
the end. Little by little, as the
child learns, first one thing and
then another, the father or moth
er can gradually learn, too, to feel
as calm and serene and matter-of-
fact as they sound and act"
She cites a case that was most
beautifully handled. "a three-year-
old had been dressed in his best
to go out with mother. He DELHI
erately walked into a mud puddle,
and looked around to see what eff
feet his shocking act would have
upon mother, only to be met with
her casual, "It will take some time
for you to change your clothes
now, SO can't wait for you. I'll get
your clean clothes, then nurse will
stay with you while you change
Them" There was no pleasurable
fuss or attention for the child in
that, nothing to make a repetition
of the. behavior desirable!
OF course children will seemingly
have learned not to do something
undesirable, only to do it again, or
they may be punished for an act,
and forget and do it another time.
Learning is very, very gradual
process. But If each time the child
does the same negativistic thing,
the situation is handled in the
same way, the act and the result
Of the act will become more and
more closely associated in his mind,
and eventually he will conclude
that a certain undesirable result
will always follow certain types Cd
behavior
Not only must mother be very
careful to be consistent at all times,
but both parents must decide def
nitely on how they are going to
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-05
THE PUBLIC FORUM

The Herald invites articles from.
the public for this department.
Every contributor must sign his
or her name to all articles. Con-
tributions containing personal
abuse will not be tolerated. While
care will be used to have the arti-
cles reliable The Herald declines
to accept responsibility for them.
The mere fact that articles are ac-
cepted and published in the Public
Forum Department does not i'm
ply that the opinions expressed are
in accord with the opinions of the
Herald and its publishers.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-05
Rabbits Do Not Chew Cud

Hares and rabbits are members
of the rodent family and do not
chew a cud, although they move
the jaws as If Illuminating or re-
chewing. Cud-chewing animals be-
long to the ruminant family. The
cud chewing coney mentioned in
Deuteronomy 14:7 and Leviticus
IS evidently was an entirely Diff
ferent animal from the English
coney told name for a rabbit) al
though there are species Of hare In
Observation-Disclosures Magazine.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1934-07-05
Nearest Celestial BODY

With the exception Of swarms Of
wandering meteorites which enter
the earth's gravitational field and
fan into the earth as Shooting
stars" the moon is the nearest ce-
iestial body to the earth, SO far as
known. There is a possibility OF
q very small moon or satellite of the
earth revolving inside the moons
orbit around the earth. but its ex-
tstence remains improved.