davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1934-10-20

Newspaper observers are convinced
the assassination of King Alexander
of YugoSlavia will not be the occasion
for another Sarajevo, touching of a
European war. 1t is felt rather that
the tragedy is the result of racial
antagonisms within YugoSlavia and
that its further repercussions in all
probability will be confined to that
country. for the present at least.
"A blow has undoubtedly been struck
at the precariouSly balanced peace Of
Europe" says the Roanoke World
News But as TO the assassination
resulting in immediate war. the
chance seems to be remote" The De-
troit Free Press would not be surprised
at "the outbreak of civil war in
Croatia" but sees no reason why "the
internal troubles of YugoSlavia should
again threaten a European war" and
the Cleveland Press points out "the
folly of magnifying assassination"
The Columbus Citizen also fails to
see a threat of war at the present
time, but fears that there is danger
of war later" for 1.-The tragic events
of Marseille will further inflame the
suspicious and increase the enmities
which are sweeping Europe toward
military conflict"
The murder is regarded by the st.
Paul Pioneer Press as particularly un-
fortunate at this time, because King
Alexander was paying the second of a
series of diplomatic visits calculated
to smooth the rough places in the
European realignment that has been
in progress in the past year." and the
New York Sun is of the opinion that
"Yugoslavia' intense suspicion Of Italy
might have been overcome through
conversations which were begun when
Barthou visited Yugoslavia and which
were to be finished in the course of
AleXander'S return visit to France" I"
The ASbury Park IN. J) Evening
Press observes: France and Yugo-
slavia may either be estranged or
bound by their mutual loss In either
case, the conciliation that might have
made friendly neighbors Of Italy,
France and Yugoslavia seems badly
shaken"
1T would be harsh and unkind to
say IIldJ Tie murdered monarch ndQ
| himself encouraged the violence which
! in the end made him a victim, yet
the conclusion is inescapable," asserts
the Buffalo Evening News, and the
Philadelphia Evening Bulletin holds
that Alexander was the victim of the
hatreds engendered in the Croatian
portion of his kingdom by the mon
arch's GENERALIZATION policy" The
Grand Rapids Press maintains. how
ever that IF King Alexander won the
reputation Of hard. cruel ruler, it
was principally because of the need
for an iron hand to tend the seething
melting pot" and the New York Her
aid Tribune points out that even if
Alexander was a hard man" he was
also "a patriot and a hard worker"
las for Alexander" thinks the Port
land Oregonian, reaction throughout
the world, and particularly throughout
Europe, will vary with the political
complexion Of the people" and the
Akron Beacon-Journal points out that
he has been pictured as the worst of
tyrants" and again as "a great man,
keeping peace in the Balkans"
THE King was killed by Croatian
seeking to avenge the wrongs the
Evening star., 1934-10-20

in the Mall-Avenue triangle. In the
latter case the move to this end should
be made at the coming session, SO that
the general layout of the rectangle can
be soon effected, otherwise this ur-
gently needed addition to the Govern
ments equipment may be long delayed.
The government is committed to
this program of construction by its
own necessities. 1t cannot indefinitely
maintain its two great administrative
units of national defense in the tenn
porary structures erected during the
war in Potomac Park. They are not
adequate in size and altogether un-
suitable in design. Much time has
been spent in the consideration Of al
tentative locations, that to the west CT
18th street and that proposed south
of the Mall, and now that decision
has been practically rendered in favor
OF the former any further delay in
the undertaking will be a costly waste
of time.
One feature Of the plan proposed
for the development of the western
rectangle that is especially urgent is
the development of the Naval Hos
pital and naval medical center at the
western end, where it is now decided
to maintain them. The need there is
even greater than in the case of the
two department buildings, which it IS
proposed to erect in the rectangle. A
complete and comprehensive building
program for all these structures should
be adopted, with definite provision Of
funds, as shortly as possible after
Congress convenes.
Evening star., 1934-10-20

Imprisonment. If the New Jersey
case should fail, Hauptmann could be
tried in New York for the lesser crime.
His defense In New Jersey has al
ready been indicated by the proceed
ings In the extradition hearings-that
Of denial and alibi. The court Of first
instance in New York held that de-
spite conflict Of evidence prima facie
case had been maintained, sufficient
to warrant removal and trial, and
the appellate court refused to con-
slider supplementary testimony pre-
sented by the defense to strengthen
the alibi, holding that the conflict OF
evidence raises "clear-cut issue OF
fact" which should be determined
upon trial and should not estop the
removal for the trial. Thus the ap-
pellate court refused to sit in judg-
ment upon the actual defense, which
in an extradition proceeding is In
strict accordance with the principle
that the accusing State is entitled to
the presence Of the defendant when
formal indictment has been brought
with a show of accusative fact.
No date has yet been set for the
trial Of the case 1t will, however
probably be expedited. for there is q
strong public feeling that this crime,
committed two and half years ago,
should be brought TO solution, through
the final test of evidence, as quickly
as possible. Hauptmann's defense
doubtless will be that offered in the
extradition case, denial and alibi
There is documentary and some ma
terial evidence to connect him with
the crime at Hopewell. 1t has not
been fully disclosed. But seemingly
there is no such positive proof OF
direct completely in the major crime
as there is in the extortion case in
New York. The latter will presum-
ably be brought into the New Jersey
case, as 1t bears by positive inference
upon it.
Evening star., 1934-10-20
Upheaval in Yugoslavia Feared
Following Murder of Alexander

people Of his race feel they have suf-
fered at the hands Of the Yugoslavs."
saws the Youngstown Daily Vindicator.
The Williamsport Sun calls attention
to the fact that 1.-The Croats and Slo-
venes had long cherished ambitions
to be independent" and the New York
Times mentions the racial animoSi-
ties long prevalent in Yugoslavta. The
San Francisco Chronicle believes that
'if the assassination was politically
inspired it is almost certain to defeat
its own purpose" and the Omaha
World-Herald thinks that only evil
can come of it."
The aftermath Of Alexander's
death" observes the Cincinnati Times
Star, will answer that question which
has been asked many times during
this heyday Of relationships: What
happens when a dictator suddenly
passes from the scene?"
Evening star., 1934-10-20
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC j. HASKIN.

A reader can get the answer to
any question OF fact by tDrttin0 The
Washington Evening Star Information
Bureau, Frederic J. Hasktn, Director,
Washington, d. c. Please 'nclose
stamp for reply.
@. Is there Women's National
Golf Association?-R. w. r.
A, There Is not. There Is, how
ever. a Womens Committee in the
United States Golf Association.
@. What members Of the Seventy
second Congress were foreign born?-
H. w. B.
A. Representatives: Carley Of New
York, Ireland; Crowther of New York,
England; Crosser of Ohio, Scotland
Cavicchia, New Jersey, Italy; SABBATH
Illinois, CzechoSlovakia; Schuetz, Il
linois. Germany, Jacobsen, Iowa, Ger
many; Holmes, Massachusetts,, Sweden;
Hart, Michigan, Canada; Palmlsano
MARYLAND, Italy. Senators: Davis
Pennsylvania, Wales; CouzenS, Michi-
gan, Canada; Wagner. New York, Ger
many.
@. How much stronger than moon
light is the light reflected by the earth'
e. s.
A. Earthshine is equal to more than
q dozen full moons.
O. Can a person swim more easily
when The water is deep?-L. H.
A. Experts declare that the depth
OF the water makes no difference.
@. What length could a baby's firsi
clothes be made SO they would not
need TO be shortened?-G. S.
A. At one year a child usually wears
dresses Is inches long, SO this would
! be length that would not need short
ening.
@. When was Moro Castle, the
fortress in Havana, built?-N. T.
A. 1t was built about 1888 on g
promontory overlooking the harbor
1t was built by the Spanish, and re-
manned in their possession until the
| Spanish American War.
@. What was the building used fol
, where the Declaration Of 1ndepend-
ence was written?-L. D.
| A. 1t was the State House or Capt.
tol of Pennsylvania.
@. Do carlton bells swing when they
are played?-F. r. K.
! A Carlton bells are stationary and
do not swing when played. The clap
| perS hang from the inside of the bell
as usual, but are moved by a system
Of levers connected with the clavier
which is played by the carillonneuI
| in a room below the bells There
are three methods to play the CARL
| lon-from a keyboard, similar to ar
organ or piano; from a clavier worked
by handles anc pedals, and by perfor-
| ated rolls.
c. What do birds eat when snow
| is on the ground?-B. T.
A. They look for insects in the barl
of trees and feed on soft parts OF
seeds.
@. When did DR.. Van Dyke write
the poem, America for Me?"-J. T
A. He wrote it in Paris at the enc
! Of a years service as American pro.
/ fessor at the Sorbonne.
@. Is a ship in distress at sea re-
quired to pay a charge for assistance
rendered by Coast Guard cutter?-
S. H. Y
A. There is no charge.
@. What is meant by Karma?-B
N. 7.
A. 1t means the whole ethical con.
| sequence of ones acts considered q!
Evening star., 1934-10-20
The General Who Failed.

Gen. Alexander Won Kluck, COM
mander of the German First Army in
the West-"the man who nearly took
Paris"-has passed on at the ripe age
Of lightweight years. Still fresh in
most memories are the tremors that
ran through the whole allied world
and America as the fall of the French
capital, in the hrst week Of September,
1914, seemed mere matter of hours.
The German legions had swept
Northeastern France and Paris ap-
peared to be within their grasp as they
prepared to strike crushing blow
through vast enveloping attack. The
high command announced that "the
great decision is undoubtedly at hand.
The whole strength Of the German
Army is bound to be engaged all along
the line from Paris to Verdun. To
save the honor and welfare of Ger
many every officer and man must do
his duty unswervingly and to the last
breath. Everything depends on the
result Of tomorrow"
Upon Gen. Won KluckS army fell
the burden Of the four day battle that
was to ensue. His cavalry patrols were
reported sweeping westward of Paris"
and Germany was primed for the
great news of the capitals fall, with
that hoped-for victory over the allies
after barely a month Of fighting,
which the oversanguine German Army
leaders had promised the supreme war
lord. William II.
But they reckoned without Joffre
and Foch and the British con-
temptibles" under Sir John French
BY September 10, after four days of
furious combat, gloriously waged on
both sides, the Germans were in full
retreat from the Marine to the Aisne
Won Kluck'S right flank had been
IuIHCu ia lis llI-oIdIlCu dlIcIllpL W
extricate Won Buelow's harassed sec
ond army from a surprise French
counter-move, and Paris was lost to
the Germans forever. The Germans
showed themselves no less Skillful in
q forced retreat than in their descent
from the north, but no tactical bril-
lance could conceal the fact that
their major strategy had grossly
failed. AS Sir John Buchan. British
military historian. writes: 'The bat
tie without a morrow was now gone
beyond hope. Henceforth the Ger
mans were on the defensive-in the
enemy's country, 1t is true, and with
a great slice of conquered territory
behind them, but still indubtably on
the defensive. The 'hussar ride had
miscarried and the invader forever
after was forced to accept q parallel
battle and a war of entrenchments."
was reached. even though there were
to be four bitter years of strife before
the final decision.
Won Kluck's name will be indelibly
associated with Germany's supreme
miscalculation on the western front.
History will record it as an indis-
putable victory for the allies, won by
hard fighting and good generalship,
but it will set forth that Germany's
failure was due primarily toVon Kluck's
, arrogant exposure of his right wing.
1t has been said that the Germans
military debacle in the World War
was due to the fact that their general
staff prepared for everything but
the unexpected" Won Kluck was the
earliest victim OF that fatal unreadi-
Evening star., 1934-10-20
New Law Needed.

From the Detroit News.
There is a provision of Federal law
that limits the liability of a shipping
company in the event of a wreck or
disaster not ascribable to its own
negligence to the value OF the vessel
and its cargo and to the passage
money paid by passengers for the
trip.
1t is under this provision of law
that the owners of the MORO Castle
have petitioned a Federal court to
set limit of $50 900 on their liabil-
ity TO the still living passengers Of
that vessels last tragic voyage and to
the surviving relatives Of those who
lost their lives in the holocaust of
the Jersey coast The total Of the
passage money paid was $13,358, but
the generous owners of the MORO
Castle, recognizing a possible need
for lenience in the case of the 1874
who died, are willing to lump of all
claims at round $4,000
Comment on that move Is unnec-
esSary. Happily, we recall that a
of the VestriS disaster was denied in
al NOuAk klOullu LIldb
negligence had been shown.
The courts may be trusted to pass
judgment on the Moro Castle petit
ton and, in the meanwhile, what in
tereStS us Is that provision of law.
Why it should be on the statute books
we do not know. 1t is an old provi-
sion of law and possibly it may date
from the days when going to sea was
an adventure at best and passengers
were expected to assume the risks
attendant on so perilous an under
taking.
In any event, the United States
attorney for the New York district
Mr.. Tuttle, holds the law to be re-
sponsible in all probability for many
deaths at sea, even in disasters in
connection with which the law may
never have been cited in the courts.
He suggests that the contrast between
the complete property liability Of the
owners and their virtual lack of any
liability for the lives Of passengers
inevitably must tend to make the
first concern of a ships officers in
case Of disaster the saving of the
vessel and her cargo.
The law books say the purpose Of
the statutes limiting owners liability
was to encourage the investment Of
money in an American merchant ma
rine. We do not want q merchant
marine at that price. The law
should be amended.
Evening star., 1934-10-20

fixing ones lot In the future state. In
theosophy, Karma Is the doctrine OF
fate as the inflexible result of cause
and effect; the law OF retribution.
@. What State was the first to
license automobiles?-D. K.
A. New York was FIRST, beginning in
1901.
@. Does England still transport per-
sons who have been convicted OF GER
tain crimes-E. A.
A. Transportation OF convicts was
superseded by penal servitude in 1857,
and in 1868 transportation TO Western
Australia actually ceased.
@. Is Vermont one of the Is orig
inal States?-E z.
A. Vermont was not one Of the l3
original States, but was the first State
afterward admitted TO the Union.
Q. Who first suggested the Labor
day psrade?-L. r. D.
A. George r. Lloyd, one Of the
Knights of Labor, in 1884 offered a
resolution to the effect that all future
parades in honor of labor should be
held on the first Monday in Sep
tember.
@. What country has a flag most
nearly like ourS?-A. w.
A The flag OF Liberia is identi-
cal with ours except for the fact that
it has a single star upon its field.
In fact, our flag was taken as a model
for theirs.
@. Where does kapok come from?-
w. M.
A. Kapok is the silky down Of the
tree ceiba pentandra. 1t is not grown
commercially in this country, although
experiments in its culture have been
conducted in California. Kapok is
shipped into this country from the
federated Malay states, Java and Ecua-
dor Ceylon also exports some. and
very small amounts are exported from
the Philippine Islands.
@. What is the postage rate to
HaW aii?-G. G.
A. The same as to any other part
of the United States.
@. Please explain about the new
National Archives. F. F.
A. The National Archives of the
United States was created by an act of
Congress which was approved June 19.
/ 1884. The President appointed as
archivist, at a salary of $4,000 a year,
Prof. D. w. Connor, principal instruc-
tor Of American history at the Uni
- NTo
tional Archives will be an aid to all
Government departments and will give
general service throughout the coun-
try along historical, economical, So
Geological and statistical lines. It will
compete with the best-knoWn archives
of Europe. The object is to maintain
the records and reports of all Govern
ment departments. The National
Archives Building is located at Ninth
and Pennsylvania avenue.
| O. Who were the Palatine Germans
! who settled in this country?-W. d. w.
| A. The Palatine Germans were Ger
mans from the Palatinate, the area
furnishing the largest number Of i'm
migrants, in the southwestern part
| of Germany. The emigration from
! the Palatinate for time surpassed
in extent that from all other parts
| Of the country, so much so that in
| England and America emigrants from
! Germany were often called Palatines.
/ They settled largely in New York,
Pennsylvania, New Jersey Maryland
and North Carolina. Many came over
in the early eighteenth century.
Evening star., 1934-10-20

readers need not worry about these
things. They will find them all in
Marcia Davenport's Mozart" If they
read it when they are older. The
illustrations in heavy black and white
show just the scenes in Mozart's child
life to delight a child. Two picture
maps give the routes Of his concert
tours to Germany, Holland, Belgium,
France, Switzerland, England.
Evening star., 1934-10-20
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
One Election After Another.

One ELECTION After Another.
We will listen to the speeches
And We'll hear the music play,
As imagination reaches
For the next election day.
The problems ostentatious
Calling for q wisdom vast
To oppose each power predacious-
They will all be solved at last.
Shall eloquence be Stifed?
Shall tunes be heard no more?
Take heart! Safes will be rified
Just as they were before.
Well be ready for debating
And melodious refrain.
Same old problems will be waiting
And We'll solve them once again.
Evening star., 1934-10-20
Uncertainty.

when are you going to make an
other speech?"
II can't say" answered Senator
Sorghum. ITS hard to be sure OF
access to the microphone unless you
get a regular job advertising tooth
paste or shaving cream"
Evening star., 1934-10-20

Every writer has dreamed Of do
ing something SO compounded OF hon.
esty and eloquence that he would raise
readers out OF their seats, to stand
with transfigured faces and cleaning
eyes, ready for action.
Such writing Is revolutionary and
there Is not much Of 1t. Perhaps II
is just as WELL. Maybe it is wrong for
q writer to dream of stirring folks up
instead of tranquillizing them and
making them happier in a world toe
prone to give In to unhappiness.
A book Is an appeal from One mind
to another; as such 1t best bears out
the test of intelligence II it proceeds
| calmly and sanely to announce its
thesis and to amplify the same.
This is what every one OF the drove
of New Deal" books now on the mar
ket has done. We often wonder, in
| viewing them on the tables, who
reads them. There are mighty vol
umes on economics, and other on
statescraft; the battle Of politics Is
| fought out in print, at 50 a volume.
1t is a healthy sign of the times
that there is SO much writing and
reading The War of the Revolution
the times that tried mems souls
brought forth many pamphlets AND
books.
There has been some return in thi;
age to the pamphlet, but the charm
Of it has dropped away over the ages
Today We prefer books. the bigger
the better. and the longer the more
satisfying. Several well known novel:
OF recent years point alarmIngly IL
this direction, they are SO fat and dis.
tended.
This age is different from pas
decades in that 1t produces its book:
while things are going on, rather thar
wait until the war is over. Many pee
pie now alive can recall the monu-
mental histories of the War of the
/ Rebellion" which we're joi al
| through the North after the Civil War
These volumes were either IN red
or blue and were sold by subscription
| by statesmen who canvaSsed the small
towns and country districts of the
Nation. Most Of these books were EN-
bellished with good steel engravings
perhaps the most valuable thing in
/ them.
Today we fight our battles in books
as we go along. If you don't believe
| 1t, drop into the nearest book store
and look over the array of big volumes
OH all phases Of the preSent-day Strug-
gle to become the Nation We fancy
| we are.
Books written from mind to mind
ordinarily make the appeal TO emo
tions secondary. The latter is the
province of the Grafton. Every one
can see how a good talker can stir EN-
up. Even mediocre speakers posses:
the ability. under certain circum-
| stances. And oratory permits the mis-
| chief maker to make capital out oi
what later may be seen " be nothing
much.
1t is different with book. In most
! cases q book Is one man TO one man
writer 10 reader. The reader must bt
physically calm while reading. The
books that have stirred up mankind
have done 1t by permitting the mind:
! OF readers to et1ervesce afterward. Just
how much Of the final upheayal Wa:
due TO the original ideas. and how
much TO the ideas injected into then
| by readers, is difhcult to say.
The province OF the book, no matte
how radical its theme may seem t,
some. is to present sequence OF idea!
and leave the justice OF the continuit!
to the mind of the reader.
! Thus books which move the mind
Evening star., 1934-10-20
Progress in Education.

From the Pittsburgh Post-Gszette.
A college librarian reports IA per
cent more books taken out by stu
dents last academic year than in the
one preceding it. II this keeps up,
even the star tackles and halfbacks
will be learning how to read.
Evening star., 1934-10-20

Taking polls on presidential popu-
larity is interesting, but as variable
in its Information as the stock ticker
itself. Popularity is a superficial COM
pliment. Some great statesmen have
had to rely on being loved for the
enemies they have made.
Evening star., 1934-10-20

A rich child involved in bitter fam
lily litigation makes that gentle friend
Tiny Tim seem more enviable than
ever. Truth is stranger than fiction
and more cruel.
Evening star., 1934-10-20

Willard OF the B. & o. was quoted as
saying that he was chiefly interested
in the exact dates bounding Indian
Summer" Like some other questions,
usual in this erratic year.
Evening star., 1934-10-20

The nursing bottle is of more con-
sequence than the motor tank. The
cost Of milk is more to be considered
than the price of gas.
Evening star., 1934-10-20
Something to Remember.

From the Jackson (MissJ Daily News.
It all right to damn the munitions
makers, for nobody sympathizes with
them, but bear in mind that you can't
leave your property unfenced just be-
cause you don't like the man who
sells fencing material
Evening star., 1934-10-20

King Peter is said to dislike math-
ematics and geography. He should
in subjects SO essential in European
craftsmanship.
Evening star., 1934-10-20

Efforts to "debunk" George Wash
ington do not prevent unanimous
popular approval Of the determine
ton to have his monument properly
cared for.
Evening star., 1934-10-20
Pre-eminence.

"How's your boy Josh doing In
college?"
Fine" answered Farmer Corn
tossel. Hes at the head of his
class"
"a hard student?"
mot exactly. What mean to say
is nobody outclasses him as a foot
ball cheer leader"
"a dishonest man." said Hi Ho, the
sage of Chinatown, "is liable to take
such pride in trickery that he be-
trays himself by boasting."