The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-03-31
BY HARRY ELMER BARNES.

BY HARRY ELMER BARNES.
At the opening of the nineteenth
century the prospects of the Jews
for civilized treatment seemed some
what improved The influence of
Voltaire and the Rationahsts had
lessened the force of religious
bigotry The internationalism of
the classical economists and The
Cobdenite liberals temporarily
checked the rising tide of national
ism and super patriotism
But it was not long until the spirit
of persecution once more was abroad
In the land To the old economic
and religious foundations of intol-
GRANGE we're now added the fierce
fires Of natlOnaliSm.
In Germany many elements con-
tributed to produce two decades OF
violent anti-Semitism after 1879
This was the period of the so-called
Aryan myth and of the theory that
non-Aryan peoples were of inferior
clay This doctrine was extracted by
vulgar pseudo-scientists from The
linguistic studies of Max Muller and
Ernest Renan.
Called Alien Canker
Men like the above mentioned
Herr Hellwald blatantly proclaimed
that the Jews were incapable of true
civilization. They were an alien
canker and must be eradiCated
The imperial court preacher,
Adolph Stocker, rallied fanatical
German Protestants to his side in
the anti-Semitic crusade. The lead
or of the German patriots, the ia
nous Professor Heinrich Won Treit-
schke, proclaimed that the Jews
must be abased
There had been disastrous speCu-
lation in Germany after the Franco
Prussian war and two leading jew
ish members of the rcichStag, Ed
Guard LaSker and Ludwig Bam-
berger, had exposed the completely
of leading German flnancierS and
politicians
Finally the rising radicalism and
socialism was derived from the
teachings of a Jewish philosopher,
Karl Marx, and was organized by
Jewish leaders.
All the Jew haters united to pro-
duce a vigorous wave of anti-Sem-
itiSm that ran wild in the early
eighties and was revived in the early
nineties. Only Bismarck's opposition
prevented it from evolving into a
general massacre.
Hatred Dies Down.
At the opening of the present
century the hatred of the Jews in
Germany had died down and the
Kaiser himself numbered many
prominent Jews among his friends
and advisers, most notable perhaps
being Albert Balm of the Ham
burg American Line.
In Austria the anti-Semitic move
ment was taken up following 1882
largely in imitation of Germany
The leader here was George
Schrenrer
France had its fling with anti
Semitism, eliminating in the no
torious Dreyfus case. The leader
was an irresponsible writer, Edouard
DrumOnt. In 1886 he published a
scandalous book entitled Jewish
France" In 1892 he founded an
anti-Semitic newspaper La Libre
Parole"
He not only revived the Conven-
tional arguments against the Jews
as an inferior and graSping race,
but accused them of financial cor
ruption at the top and revolutionary
radicalism at the bottom. DreyfuS
became the scapegoat of French
vindicatiOn and the exposure of the
basenesS OF his enemies served to
discredit French anti-Semitism for
many years to come.
The bloodiest anti SemitiSm in
the nineteenth century was carried
on in Russia 1t combined Medic
val religious intolerance with a fear
of the growing radicalism of many
Russian Jews. The assassination Of
Alexander II in 1881 strengthened
the Russian reactionarieS and in
creased the repression of the Jews.
Curb on Jews Ordered.
In 1882. Alexander III forbade the
Jews to acquire land, limited them
to city residence, and restricted the
Jews first to 10 per cent and then
to 3 per cent of the student body
in any Russia school or university
In 1890 he ordered all Jews not
personally exempted to migrate
frfom central Russia to the western
provinces.
Open massacre was common and
in the year 1891 alone more than
100000 Jews left Russia. AT the
opening of the present century vio
lence against the Jews became even
more widespread under the leader
ship of the so-called Black Hun
dreds, the Jealous reaCtionary bands
encouraged by the government.
There were many bloody massa-
Cres. of which that at KiShineX in
1903 was the most notable. Tens of
thousands of Jews we're slain in the
various butCherieS.
1t is a somewhat interesting fact
that pictures taken at the time OF
these Russian maSSaCreS OF the
Jews were used in the war propa-
Canda against the Germans follow
ing 1914. and the murdered Jews
were represented as victims OF the
German armies in Poland.
Violence against the Jews in east
ern Europe was not limited to the
Russians. Rumania was a motor
ious offender. The treaty of Berlin
in 1878 had guaranteed religious
equality in Rumania.
But the Rumanian leaders hated
the Jews, who were the dominant
force in Rumanian finance and
commerce They refused to extend
10 the Jews citizenship or the right
to own land. Local prosecutions and
massacres of the Jews were COM
mon.