The Daily Alaska empire., 1933-01-04
Ky HOWARD w. BLAhESLEE fAsanciated Press Science Editor

Ky HOWARD W. DLlANEShDE Associated Press Science Edstcr)
 NEW YORK, Jan. 4. - Atom smashing Of q new kind and im- proved social relations are two foremost dreams of science for 1883.
 The first is because it promises a golden, though delayed future more prosperous than anything in history; the second because it can be of immediate relief.
 Only a small group of physicians knows of the rapid developments in 1882 in atom-smashing and what these events portend. The most surprising of these was an experiment. which upset the time honored belief that you never can obtain more energy from a reac- ton than you put into 1t.
 But two British scientists, Dr. J. D. Cockkroft and Dr. E. T. s. walton, recently shot a 600oo0- volt atomic particle at an atom, which thereupon split into two rays, having a total of l5,o0o0oo volts. This atom gave off 25 times the energy it had received.
 a"UnIocking" Energy Simple
 Investigation showed tha5 all the, Tremendous additional energy was something that had been "loched up" in this atom when fl was created It was the san7e mvsterous energy of the atom of which philosophers have been taking for years.
 But in this case, for the first time. the method of unlocking was theoretically as simple as touching a match to wood So ''un- locks the energy Of heat that comes from burning.
 The ssored-up energy of 15,9o0.- coo volts was bound in this atom by the job of holding together sts nucleus. The nucleus comprised seven units. The single 6o0,00o- volt particle struck this nucleus and entered therein, resulting in a family of eight units instead of seven.
 But this new family daas not last long, for an eignt-unit nue. leus in this particular sort of atom is what scientists call unstable it cannot hold together Hence, 1t flies apart with a 15,oO0,o0o- volt explosion.
 Prctan Used at Match
 The atom in this experiment was lithium, lightweight, silger- cray metal. The match" the soc ooo-volt particle, was a pro- ton, a heavy, positive charge Of electricity. The 0,o00-volt ray was two alpha particles, each one made of four of the atomic 1u- cleus units.
 ssThese rays" says Dr. Henry A. Barton, director of the Amer ican Institute of Physics, proved to be the same old familiar alpha particles. But the result was tremendously new. Nobody had esfore obtained a disintegration by peotons. And nobody had observed alpha particles at Q product.
 Tt was found that the alpha particles came out in pairs, tl1at each pair had the energy of mo- ton equal to IS million volts { surprising facts, but once that carry a suggestion of the most fundamental significance for the world"
 The next step is 2 new form of chemistry. Scientists call. it the chemistry of the stars" because it deals with atoms in form never found in nature on earth but believed to exist universally in the stars. It is the chemistry of atoms stripped bare to their nuclei and of nuclei broken into their ultimate particles. Already some of this stripping and pulver- izing is possible in laboratory test tubes.
 Knowledge to Be Put to Use
 A more practical application of tfis neru knov1ac}oa viI1 be SpOn-