davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1933-10-10
Assails 54-Hour Week
Worked by Road Gang

To the Editor Of The Star:
Out In this neck Of the woods N. r.
A. seems to gain few sdherents among
either employees or workers. State road
maintenance forces still work on the
54-hour week, while county and State
pay doles to able-bodied men who could
share the work at no extra cost to any.
body. Other road forces do operate
on q 30-hour-a-week schedule, but Of
two shifts on the 10-hour day, leav-
ing workers free to seek employment
for an extra three days per week This
practice ts contrary to the spirit Of the
N. r. A., employers and employees con-
spring for and practicing Q 60-hour
week, weather permitting.
Over in Mount Airy, the Chamber Of
Commerce has gone on record a. de-
string the exemption Of a local en-
ployer from the code on the plea 1t will
give work" to many people. II this
exemption is allowed, at perhaps one
half the code minimum pay, the work
ers viii be giving wsrk" part of the
time for no pay at all, and the puEchas-
ing power Of the community Win remain
People do not need work 30 mueh Is
eaAe eAA$S 1ueCIuuely mAA0, SeA3U.
less Of who tends the machineA what
employers and workers seem not to un-
derstand Is the purpose Of N. r. 4. to
give workers and all producers . greater
share Of their product (more pay) and
more time to enjoy It. The 10-hour day
Is obsolete; It should be absolutely for
hidden In order to get people out OF
fhA habit of thinking that way, regard
less of temporary convenience. II every
body works, TWO hours per day can pro-
vide all necessities OF life.
of sleep. pointing out how many hours
they have worked by 6ay and dT3vUn
BY night and still not making q living.
evidently people must stu be peutacted
from the results of their own SonalGh.
,Uan. II y tina taat Tho testa - &
AAs&tRA Xe9@eHAs
-.nA>l.--A J
Evening star., 1933-10-10
The Orchestra's New Season.

The first concert Of the 1933-1934
season of the National Symphony Or
chestra, next Sunday afternoon, at
Constitution Hall, will be an event OF
premier Importance to the music-lovers
of Washington. Acknowledged to be
the city's outstanding organization OF
its kind, the orchestra long since has
completed its novitiate, and the pro-
gram now about to be started should
prove q veritable feast Of artistic har-
mony. Conducted by DR.. Hans Kinder
and performed by q corps Of instru-
mental masters, it merits the active and
enthusiastic appreciation Of the entire
community.
There will be eight Sunday afternoon
and eight Thursday evening concerts,
with four presentations for students
and four for children, total Of twenty
four offerings In all; and If audiences OF
the size worthy Of the attraction take
advantage Of the opportunity the Or
chestra should have no budget difhcul-
ties. This year, it is good to know,
there will be q large number OF low
price tickets available. These seats Will
cost no more than admission to movie
theaters, and people Of the most mod
crate means Will be enabled to attend,
the democratic character Of the orches-
tra's work thereby being guaranteed.
But no compromise has been at
tempted with the quality Of the pro-
rram material selected. DR.. Kinder
has chosen the very best music IN the
world for production and is laborins
toward the end that it may be given
with the skill it deserves. The net re-
suit should be an enrichment OF Wash
ineton's cultural life this Fall and Win
ter All that is needed IS proper sup
port on the part Of the public, and the
orchestra is confident that that VIII oe
forthcoming.
Evening star., 1933-10-10

Soviet considers to be increasing dis
regard OF Russian rights in and adj
jacent to Manchuria, such as recent
arrests Of Russian ofiicials Of the rail-
way line in question.
The present spirit at Moscow is said
to be born of the improved interna-
tional position Soviet diplomacy has
achieved this year. Mr.. Litvinoff
accomplished q great series Of political
non-aggression treaties with, European
states, including France, Italy and
Poland. He re-established solid rela-
tons with Great Britain. He obtained
important credits from the Reconstruc-
ton Finance Corporation in the United
States, and others are in prospect.
American diplomatic recognition is
thought to be in sight.
In addition to these tangible accom-
plishments in the field Of external
relations, the Soviet has ballyhooed
Russians into believing that theirs is
relatively land Of plenty and economic
prosperity compared to depression con-
ditions in less favored "capitalistic"
countries. Apparently the net result
has been to I'LL the Russian people with
a revived national self-consciousness
and corresponding unwillingness any
longer to take things lying down at
the hands of imperious Japan. It is
this popular feeling, or what it senses
to be such, that has inspired the Soviet
government to make an unwonted
show Of the bears teeth in the direc-
ton OF Toxic Meantime Japan brands
as forgeries the ambassadorial docu-
ments purporting to expose a plot to
steal" the Chinese Eastern Railway.
But it is plain that a fresh tension
has flared up in the East that is hardly
designed to stimulate ardor for dis
armament at Geneva. There will be a
disposition to fear that alongside the
European powder barrel now stands
another on yonder side Of the globe.
Evening star., 1933-10-10
High Lights on the Wide World
Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands

to be the countries most affected and
handicapped now in the matter Of for
eign commerce.
Mexico, expecting little consideration
received none, and SO we do not have
to withdraw from the pinnacle Of false
hopes to which most other peoples have
ascended prior to the discussions.
The United States, we understand
will endeavor to form q Pan-American
trading union, and will make important
revisions in tariffs and other matters
pertaining to its commerce with Latin
America. In this development Mexico
may logically benefit, along With al
the republics to the south.
Spanish Police Seek
Speaker for Rebels.
La Vanguardia, Barcelona. 5th
Judicature of Madrid has sent out
a description to all police departments
within the republic Of an Individual
in whose whereabouts and capture they
are exceedingly interested. This man
at meeting arranged by the F. A. L
In the Monumental Cinema of the cap
ital, where sentiments In favor of an
amnesty for all political prisoners were
aired. made quite speech and included
therein certain remarks which the
authorities have denounced as especial
ly provocative Of sedition. The police
and judiciary officers in all parts OF
the country. and particularly in Bar
celona, are urged to make an exhaus-
tive search for this subject, and imme-
diately upon his apprehension to notify
the prefect at Madrid.
Evening star., 1933-10-10

Two persons whom the writer here
admtres very much have surprised him
recently by/announcing that they pro-
posed to go through Gibbons Decline
and Fall Of the Roman Empire" II 1t
took all Winter.
It probably will.
Many begin. but few pepsevere: one
may wonder If anybody ever finished it.
Still 1t stands on the shelves of all
libraries and in many homes, usually
in two to six very stout volumes, big
books which intrigue the book minded
by their very stoutness.
There can be no doubt Of the appeal
Of the large volume.
Hervey Aliens Anthony Adverse"
owes something Of its success to Its
size
Ben Hur" was a thick 'un.
There is a certain mental satisfaction
reposing in a large book.
Your average reader not only wants
his moneys worth, in the ordinary
sense. but also in anticipation.
And there can be little doubt that the
1T volume offers more of that.
Every reader realizes, although he
may not put 1t into so many words,
that something is built up In his own
mind as he reads by the very flow of
words which the writer puts together In
the first place
His anticipation as he picks up a
Sizable volume rests securely upon this
foundation. Mere size in itself may
mean nothing. but then again it may.
There Is no magic in size, either in
littleness or largeness, because there
have been great books in both forms.
Everything else being equal, however,
the long book has an advantage over
the short one, IN that 1t has more sheer
time In which to build up its effects.
When a reader selects a very large
work he knows that he is not going to
finish 1t almost before he begins 1t, as
SO often seems the unhappy case with
good short book.
His anticipation Is aroused, too, be-
cause he realizes that determination on
on his own part Is a necessity.
No matter how much one may like to
read, solid thousand pages Is not to
be sneeZed at.
A thousand pages in fiction Is not as
much as a thousand in history. Occa-
sionally a reader will enjoy history, as
such, more than fiction, outright, but
most readers find historical works
slightly boresome
Even the popped up histories of
recent years wisely refrain from taxing
the patience of the dear readers too
much.
Few Of them have been long.
Surely long book requires patience
That is where the determination
comes In.
A long book Is something like q
house to be painted; only by keeping
everlastingly at it will 1t ever be I'm
ished
A dab here and q dab there will
never see the business done.
y
Now Gibbons great history requires
more than usual patience, because, for
all Of its worth, 1t remains tiresome.
Better than almost any other work it
proves that q certain amount of tire
someneSs and greatness can and often
do go together.
These persons. who, In reading as
elsewhere, demand an unvarying flow
Of breath-taking interest, are children
Of their age
|. They simply do not stop to think
that even the best base ball game has
many dull moments.
The lag In reading Gibbons "Rome"
Evening star., 1933-10-10
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL.

comes about mainly through the old
fellows unbroken tone. He wrote on
what has been called q high plane"
and in style which has been labeled
lofty"
And he never changed 1t.
From the first word to the last, para
graph In and paragraph out, his words
now along in q stately way which Il
at once the pride and despair Of every
reader.
The reader admits the stateliness Of
the thing, but at the same time wishes
that it were not quite 50 much 20!
Yet never once, we believe, can q
fair reader bring q charge Of lack Of
artistry.
Old Gibbon started out to do some
thing and he did 1t. It took him some
IL or Is years, or was it or 10, to
complete his great history. It was put
out by subscriptions, and many Of those
who subscribed to the first volume
published in q great year, 1776, lived
to read the last one in 1888, or when
ever 1t was.
He astonished the natives Of his day
by what would be called a daring at
tack" on Christianity. This diversion,
however, was lost In the grand mar
shaling Of his mind on the problem
before him. He swept through cen
turtles and through all Europe like q
conquerer.
One has but to dip into his history
any place to understand this; he can
find the comment of many commenta-
tors to the same, in short order.
Every one ought to read this book II
he wants to call himself educated.
Most persons who pride themselves
on their bookishness have made up
their minds to read 1t.
Yet how many have2
Another fault of Gibbons history Is
not his ht all, but occurs largely
through what may be called, with more
accuracy than elegance, the general
cuSsedness of history.
The one big fault with history, as
far as the reader Of books is concerned,
Is that 1t Is SO amazingly like itself,
over the centuries
History repeats itself so endlessly that
q survey which takes in eleven or twelve
centuries tends to bring out the mo-
notony Of 1t rather remorselessly.
The names change constantly, but
WuaL LnOSe names STAND Tor, ana eSpe-
cially what they do, is the same In one
age as another
After the reader gets to going In the
Decline and FALL he wonders why
Rome took so long in falling.
It was the same old story, In the
same old way, over and over again
Gibbon showed himself amazingly In
tune with 1t all by wisely selecting q
fixed style. In order to bring out the
fixed order Of history, and the sameness
thereof.
A reader grows pretty tired Of It,
though, after q while. The Roman en-
perors. chosen by the Roman armies
(history echoes "Cuba'D grow . bit
thick.
Then the reader sees the vast waste
OF time. called the Middle Ages, loom
ing up after the emperors get through.
There Is plot and counterplot, In
trtgue one way and another, marching
along in stately style
The patience Of the reader is sorely
tried. no doubt Of It, II he escapes the
Mahomedans, he may come through to
the light Of new age. but he may get
sunk long before. Yet there are two
Washingtonians bravely setting out
across the desert. Won voyage!
Evening star., 1933-10-10
District Citizen
Definition Offered

TO the Editor OF The 0tar:
Who Is Q citisen Of the District OF
Columbia?
This Is . question not often an
swered satisfactorily.
One legal omcer Of the District de-
fines him Is person who resides here
three months or more and pays intan-
gible tax. But he may be merely tenn
porary resident. The United States 6u-
preme Court says that citizen" and
resident" are not the same.
Another District legal officer says it
II q question whether there Is such .
person.
The 1929 code, District Of Columbia
(page ~, says that three or more adult
citizens Of tie United States, q ma
jority Of whom shall be "citizens Of the
District" may associate themselves for
charitable, educational, literary, musical.
scientific or mutual Improvement pur-
poses. The same code (page 29) says
that majority Of the trustees manag-
ing an incorporated company shall be
Citizens Of the District" It further
says (page 51) that any "citizen Of the
District Of Columbia" may maintain an
action to abate q nuisance This Is
stated again on page Sc. The law hav-
ing repeatedly referred to q "citizen of
the District" there must be such per-
son.
A name was drawn for jury duty. The
person named claimed that he lived in
land. He was questioned by one IA
miliar with the laws of Maryland and
was told that he Is q citizen of the
District" Yet the United States Con-
stitution says fourteenth amendment)
that all persons born or naturalized in
the United States, and subject to the
jurisdiction thereof, are citizens Of the
United States and Of the State wherein
they reside.
The son Of q United States Govern
ment employe here applied for civil
service examination, claiming citizen
ship in his fathers State The COM
mission ruled that he would have to
take the examination from the District.
But the court said he could choose
either
Qualifications for civilian District
Commissioners are that the appointees
shall be citizens OF the United States.
shall have been actual residents Of the
District OF Columbia for three years
next before their appointment. and,
during that period, shall have claimed
residence nowhere else. They must be
citizens Of the District.
Citizenship then. primarily Is q mat
ter OF birth or naturalization-not of
age or residence. A baby born In the
District OF District parents is a citizen
OF the District. A schoolboy or school
girl OF District parentage is as much q
citizen Of the District as any adult
male or female
With all this as q workable back
ground, citizen Of the District Of Co
lumbia may be defined in these words:
"Au persons born or naturalized In
the United States who are subject to
the Jurisdiction thereof, who have or
maintain a permanent place Of abode In
the District, and who claim legal resi-
District Of Columbia"
II there be q better definition 1t will
be welcomed eagerly to settle Q matter
very hazy and quite undecided In many
minds. JOSEPH W. CHENEY,
Evening star., 1933-10-10
Killing Two Birds.
From the Charlotte Observer.

EIom INC VnSIloCto Opoo1v0I.
The Administrators plan to allow
cotton farmers 10 cents per pound for
their cotton has q vital and meaning
full string attached to it, one that quail
fles the plan to aim at two birds in
stead of one.
First Of all, 1t Is obviously designed
to moufy the clamorous request from
cotton and other farmers for drastic
imitation and guarantee them . price
that viii be fixed and stable and high
enough to be attractive.
The other is that those benedting
from this governmental subsidy must
first covenant and Agn oh the dotted
line that they viii decrease their acre
age next year. It ik. therefore. . vital
part Of the adminisHatton's compre-
hensive and far-pfojected scheme to
bring again into play in this market the
old, familiar law Of supply and de-
mand, against which It has been ex.
pedient to commit many sins.
Evening star., 1933-10-10
Far Eastern War Clouds.

Disarmament negotiations at Geneva
seem fated to set in under Far Eastern
war clouds. When the original con-
ference, Of which current sessions are
. continuation, began in February,
1882, japanese and Chinese guns were
barking at Shanghai. Today, with dis
cussions about to be resumed, comes
news Of tension between Japan and
Russia over an alleged plot by the
Japanese to seize the Chinese Eastern
Railway, or what Toxic prefers to call
the North Manchurian Railway.
At Moscow the principal government
newspapers, on official authority. have
Just published details Of a so-called
secret Japanese plan to seize the rail-
way line. which has recently been the
subject Of negotiations looking to its
sale by Russia to Manchukuo. Negou-
ations ended in deadlock over price.
The Russians finally came down from
their original demand Of $125, ,00o, 900
to 500. .o0o, 900, while Manchukuo held
10 its original offer. Of approximately
$25,oo0,00o. The deadlock produced .
tense atmosphere between the two
parties, and the present disclosures"
OF Japanese duplicity are the result.
The Soviet authorities charge that
Japan's Vaccinations are revealed in
dispatches sent to Toxic by Admiral
Hishikari last month. The admiral is
Japanese Ambassador to Manchukuo
and commander in chief of japanese
forces in Manchuria.
There is evident at Moscow q de-
termination to exhibit what Is de-
Ooribed - new forcefulness'' toward
japan an4 . d,sincttns4tou 10 tolerate
withouA S1gusuw protest Whist he
Evening star., 1933-10-10

A Gloss leader" Il an article sold at
less than cost in order to attract Gus
toners who may make purchases bring
ing a profit. The practice is condemned
by many merchants. Yet trade depends
largely, too, on the Imagination, and
a "loss leader" holds the same sugges-
ton as the price tag which implies that
an article sold for SO cents might in
reality be worth q dollar.
Evening star., 1933-10-10
The Swastika.

The Nad authorities In Germany
have ordained that all postage stamps
issued for use within the Reich must
carry the swastika as a watermark.
Etched on copper rolls, the design will
be impressed in the fabric Of the paper
upon which the stamps are printed.
Nothing could be more definitely IN
delible. The symbol, 80 preserved, viii
survive for generations, in the albums
of philatelists, II not elsewhere It VIII
constitute . curious souvenir Of An
epoch In German history.
But what Is the swastika? Whence
does It come? What does 1t asn1fy9
For answers to these questions 1t Is
necessary to have recourse to the
ethnosraphists and archeologists who
devote their lives to the study Of ancient
manners and customs Of ornament.
Washingtonians may remember particu-
larly an able discussion Of the subject.
written by Thomas Wilson, curator OF
the division Of archaeology. Smithsonian
Institution, and printed In the annual
report of the United States National
Museum, 1894.
Ordinary dictionaries define the word
as "a decorative and symbolic orns-
ment consisting Of q cross with equal
arms, to the end Of each Of which is
attached q line running at right angles
to 1t, all these extensions occurring on
the same relative side, 80 that all four
extensions have the same rotary d.
rection In relation to the center" But
words are not competent to describe the
sign. It must be seen to be appre-
ciated. A little child spoke Of It as a
wheel running without any rim" The
theme has endless variations. It may
move to the right or to the left. It may
be represented In several different posi-
tions. But invariably It has that char
scteristic Of motion, readily detected by
the child.
It is, beyond all doubt, one Of the
most ancient designs in the world. and
| 1t is universal. It has been found on
tombs at Hissarlik, near Homer's Troy.
in Buddhistic inscriptions in India, on
Etruscan remains, on the coins of GAIA
and Corinth, In rock carvings in Sweden
and on Celtic or pre-Celtic stones in
Britain. It was widely popular among
the Indian peoples Of America before
Columbus came: they employed 1t IN the
decoration Of pottery. in weaving. IN
es1vtng-lt svgnboaissd, IN theF jdsoloU.
| the How cardinal po1nas Il she COM
Evening star., 1933-10-10
Urges Crusade Against
Bears Along Highways
TO the Editor Of The Star;

TO the Editor Of The Star:
Having read the article In your paper
suggested by Mr.. w. Mooney In regard
to the cruel and inhuman treatment Of
penning and chaining Of bears along
the beautiful Skyline Drive, let us Join
him through your valuable paper In q
crusade against such barbarious treat
ment of Gods dumb animals. Surely
there is nothing gained to beast or man
by such treatment.
MRS. JOHN CLARK.
Evening star., 1933-10-10

A comfortable future awaits Post-
master General Farley If he can always
make his speeches as satisfactory to
his public as those In which he advo-
Gated repeal Of the eighteenth amend
ment