davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1933-10-22
Fascism Declares
Free Intellectual
Inquiry Repugnant

ROME, Italy.-The spirit of free in
tellectual inquiry is repugnant to
FaSclsm and has been abolished in
Italy by the Black Shirt revolution.
says writer in the authoritative news
paper Popolo dItalia, which was found
ed by Premier Benito Mussolini and
edited for several years by the Duoes
brother, Arnaldo.
The activity of the human brain
must recognize limits in the inde-
Structlble, unbeatable postulates OF
the Fascist faith" the writer explains
discussing characteristics of the
Fascist Mind" Besides the subiection
OF free inquiry to the Fascist faith,
the writer gives five other traits of the
mentality which has made-or been
made blythe regime:
Fasclsm, he says, has reconciled
conservatism and revolution, giving to
the world "the example Of a revolu-
ton able to build anew without having
destroyed"
1t has "aSSimilated in q living unity
the two opposing tendencies of op-
timism and pesSimism''
1t has persuaded intelligence to
lower the bridges of its romantic IN
div1dual1stic strongholds in order to
coilaoorate In close contact with daily
reality in the useful work of great
collective responsibilities"
It loves simplicity.
1t has sort Of out-of doors, almost
rustic, dtrectness.
Copyright. 1889
Evening star., 1933-10-22

Prom = Painting by J. c. Dollman..
Roosevelt took Office last March i2500,-
employed, leaving more than 10000 900
with jobs-but what jobs. Not only
had the working time been cut to three,
two and frequently one day, but there
had been repeated pay cuts as well.
At the beginning Of this year the pop
Clation at work was receiving only
1872 per cent of the wage they re-
ceived before 1929.
What a heartening change has come
over these figures since March! The
best authorities believe that those out
OF work have been cut to between
seven and eight million, and all the
signs, see them as skeptically as you
will, promise that this increase will go
on. not rapidly but surely. We are
taking up the slack in employment. AS
months go on we will continue to take
1t up.
Now it is the habit of man when
he has had to carry heavy burdens for
a long time to seize on a Tightening of
the load as an excuse for dropping it
entirely. Everybody that has been
actively concerned in making work and
finding relief for our $500 900 unern-
ployed has become more or less fed up
with the whole dreadful business. We
don't want to hear ANYTHING more
about it, but the fact Of the matter
is we gotta hear about it. In spite
of all that has been taken up, there
are still $4,000, 900 people, 100000 Of
them children, who must be fed and
sheltered and who should be kept in
health. made to feel that life is not
altogether hopeless and may again be
worth living
It is for these l5o00,o 900 that Harry
Continued on Fourth Page)
Evening star., 1933-10-22
BY IDA NJ. TARBELL.

earmarks Of the politician
or the diplomat. men who
have been brought in simply because
there was a new kind of job to be done,
and it was believed that they had the
experience which fitted them to handle
it. One of the most electr!fying of these
newcomers is Harry L. Hopkins. head
Of the Federal Relief Administration.
If four years ago anybody had sug-
gested that the day was coming when
the American Congress would vote a
half-billion dollars to feed people. and
a young man with no experience in pub
lie affairs, no political standing, would
be set at the work of spending 1t he
would have been regarded as a suspi-
cious radical. Since the beginning OF
this country, the feeding OF the hungry,
the relieving of those in distress has
been regarded as a local matter. The
township, the county, looked after the
poor.
Even when it became obvious that the
burden of caring for the hungry was
becoming too heavy for many COM
munities the idea of Federal relief was
fought. 1t was un-American. There
were those who suspected It to be con-
trary to the Constitution, it seemingly
being the idea that anything that has
not been the custom Of the country
must be forbidden by the Constitution.
But that sturdy old document covers
greater variety of possible activities
than some of its more ardent admirers
ever guessed 1t starts out by declaring
that one of its aims is to promote the
welfare Of the people" Now If in the
name of the welfare Of the people
Evening star., 1933-10-22

collar, bit uncontrolled at the ends.
When he sits down his trousers have
a way of hitching up over the tops of
his socks. When he stands up, though
he is middling tall, he doesn't make
the most of it; there is likely to be
marked stoop to his shoulders. He
Is bald to the point of exaggeration.
There are upward wrinkles in his
forehead. The blue eyes are unusual
ly far apart. His face Is broad, and
one would not describe it as impress
sive or keen or anything particularly
except intelligent; good face, a like
able face. sympathetic. thoughtful and
younger than the 81 years of the owner.
But when Henry Bruere talks it is
with an easy, flowing lucidity such as
few men command. There are no fire.
works. no categorical statements; on
the contrary, he is frankly different
where he lacks knowledge. IFS. ands
and butts are carefully considered, 0p-
posing viewpoints are duly weighed. In
the end his conclusions emerge with
an air. Of peculiar reasonableness, per-
suasiveness and integrity with al.
Here. the listener says. Is an unusually
honest man who knows what he as
Evening star., 1933-10-22

natural resources OF incalculable value
can be turned over to private owner
ship. if rights Of way across the CONT
nent with blocks of land thrown in
as bonus can be granted. If prohibi-
tory tariffs which serve chiefly spe-
cial groups can be made the law OF the
land, why it would seem that when a
day came such as We now have. when
millions are suffering from the bad
management of the above privileged
groups-it would seem feeding them was
was clearly Ito promote the welfare
Of the people"
Hopkins Is Appointed.
At all events Congress finally so con-
cluded. Last Spring it voted $500, ,000.-
600, and President Roosevelt, knowing
his man. called Harry Hopkins to Wash
ington to spend the money. He halls
from Iowa, this young man. and ever
since he left his Iowa college. 20 years
ago. he has been giving his time to the
work of making life better worth living
for multitudes Of those caught by pov-
erty. by illness. He knows the poor in
of tuberculosis, he has served the Red
Cross He knows the job which the
administrator of the Federal Relief Ad-
ministration must handle. He knows
the job and sees its relation to the act
Of national recovery. Relief is no long
er playing 4 lone hand" he will tell
you, 1T is one of the great forces Of
the Government marching with other
forces to effect the recovery Of our
people.
This seeing the job as a factor in the
tremendous program of recovery which
Washington has inaugurated has given
a force, a determination, to Harry Hop
Evening star., 1933-10-22

talking about. Moreover. his thinking
has ranged far and gone deep, 1t Is
mellow and has bigness about it.
It is characteristic of him to believe
that We have the means within our
grasp, and we can work out the tech
nique to achieve almost any social
purpose we may desire without resort
ing to extreme experiments In govern
ment. It can be done through ordi-
nary human nature and ordinary
American institutions. This is more
than a belief, more than something to
talk about; it is deep faith, and some
thing to work for; It has been domi-
mating influence in BrCere's life, in the
business wcrd or out of it. Few busi-
ness men, incidentally, devote them
selves more tirelessly to public causes.
Lives in Classic Neighborhood.
Thus, talking with him, one under
stands why he has risen to the position
Of Americas top-notch savings banker,
how he came to work out a plan for
the integration Of savings institutions
that Is said to have large significance
for American banking in general, why
he should be the accepted spokesman
Evening star., 1933-10-22

In the large JOD OF CO-OrOlndt-
1 L ing the credit activities of the
Government, is a man stepped
in quietness. He moves softly to achieve
his ends, and the ends are clear to him
because he has first thought them
through with fine intelligence I doubt
that very much will be heard of him
from Washington; he does not seek pub
ncity. though he does rot fear it. He
seems to think of himself as spear
carrier for time in the national drama.
belonging backstage, not in the spot
light. He has no notion of setting the
Potomac on fire or of changing the
social fabric. But the social fabric IS
being changed, and men like Bruere
are persuasive and potent influence
in doing it.
Maybe he will have an influence of
another kind. OF the men and women
who get down to Washington to deal
with this crisis quite a number soon
take themselves terribly seriously. The
burdens of the world are on their Shoul-
ders; something must be done to save
the country. and at once: and If We
fail, they seem to say, egad, everything
will 60 to rack and ruin! Rushing
around to save the country they work
all day and half the night drive. others
dom. into fine stew of tension and
nervousness.
Might Take Up Whiting.
Now all this is quite understandable
since admittedly the country has been
In a bad way: but one questions whether
it makes for balanced judgment. The
makes poisons. Accumulated to a Ger
tain point in the body, they act like an
overdose of alcohol. An overdose of
alcohol dulls the edge of thinking.
There ought to be law that every
body in Washington must spend cer-
tain part of every day in contemplation,
preferably while fishing. It would do a
world of good. Or department heads
might take to whiting. This is a
soothing pursuit that had a large in
f1uence on the earlier history of Amer
lea. While he whites, man has time
to think, to null things over. 1t was a
sad day for America when we gave up
whiting in favor of chiseling
But doubtless there are difhculties in
the way of persuading Washington to
60 back to that simple pastime. What
is the next best bet? Try Henry Bruere.
He hates fuss and show. He knocks of
when his days work is done, goes to
bed at decent hour after browsing in
a good book. and wakes up fresh and
calm. BY sheer force of example he
might move others to do likewise.
CorslocriIg g tlle vest assets 1t controls.
one thinks with a certain awe of the
BoweTy Sav-Egs Bank, largest and
miehtiest in America. It's president,
surely, must be a man with an impoS-
ing front, a fine facade. Mr.. Bruere,
who Is that president. has no facade at
all. He gets nowhere when it comes to
looking the part as traditionally played.
The gray suit Is all right, but by no
means natty. The shirt has . soft
Evening star., 1933-10-22
Co-Ordinating Credit of u. S.
1enrvBru Planning Closed

for American savings banks. why Mr..
Roosevelt has chosen him for the job
Of integrating the vast. uncohesive,
sometimes conflicting Government credit
agencies at the moment when credit is
stressed as perhaps the keynote OF
recovery.
The Bruere family-there are four
children. now pretty well grown, and
Mrs. Bruere-lives in a nice old house
on Eighteenth street, New York, with
the Third avenue elevated grumbling
past on one side and the Second avenue
elevated mumbling past on the other
the Bagdad of o. Henry. not classy,
but a classic neighborhood. In the
morning Henry Bruere walks downtown
to the old Bowery Savings Bank, or
uptown to the new one
The background is fitting since Mr..
Bruere himself has played q dynamic
part in the life of New York. especially
in the days when, as founder and head
of the Bureau Of Municipal Research,
he was a thumbtack in the seat Of cor
rupt and inefficient city government. To
many in those days, notably Borough
President Ahearn and some others who
were ousted through his efforts, he
seemed a confounded trouble making
reformer, and they wished to heaven he
would go away and leave them alone.
Was Born in Missouri.
But reformer he was not. in the sense
at least of an evangelist devoted to
persuading others Of the single right
ness of a cause. The role is not native
to melodrarnatize those days-it has
been done-that, too. would be falsi-
fication of the facts. Fundamentally,
Bruere is a quiet man and his career
can be explained In quieter terms.
He was born in that fine old town.
st. Charles, Mo-, in 1882. His father
was q doctor there. looked up to
by the community, carrying perhaps a
third Of his patients free Of charge
and struggling to provide good educa-
ton for a family Of eight or nine chill
dren-which he succeeded in doing.
Henry himself expected to be doctor:
but since two of the boys were headed
in the same direction 1t seemed to the
elder Bruere a little too monotonous.
Henry was persuaded otherwise.
For a couple Of years he went to Cor
nell, then to Chicago University. This
was the turn of the century. The Pull
man strike was recent history. Labor
agitation was in the air. No wide
awake. socially conscious. generous
minded youngster could escape the In
huence Of that bitter controversy that
centered in Chicago.
Solid Background Of Law.
But one of the professors was Veb,en.
q slow man with q marvellous analytical
mind which was also vast. almost
unhuman storehouse Of knowledge. An
other was Adolph Miller, who has been
a member of the Federal Reserve Board
since wilson's administration. Miller
gave him his first insight into the
nature Of business organization. May
be it was Veblen's influence, maybe
not; but anyway Bruere, convinced OF
the rightneSs Of the labor cause, never
Continued on Fourth Page.)
Evening star., 1933-10-22
Chinese Urge Press to
Ban Given Names

SHANGHAI, Chtnt.-It is undignifed
for a public official to have his full
name In the newspaper, according to
the Kuomintang Chinese newspapers,
it is proposed by the National party,
must in future use only the family
name. or. better still, only the official
rank of those in authority.
For example, Mr.. Lin Sen, chairman
of the national government. or President
Of China, may only be referred to as
the chairman or simply as Mr.. Lin. It
is felt that the publication of the full
name Of a high governmental official
in the public press is not compatible
with the dignity Of the oflcial position.
(Copyrisht. 1881
Evening star., 1933-10-22

Continued on Fourth Page.)
Evening star., 1933-10-22

kins which many OF his friends did not
realize was in him. He is another
man. a social worker who had seen
much of him in New York activities
told me- Certainly nobody could face
great task with more resolute spirit.
We gotta do it," he will tell you,
such small matters as enunciation for
gotten as he faces his difficulties. I'VE
gotta do it." 1 have heard no better
slogan for this moment or one more in
harmony with the general spirit of those
who are pushing ahead the national re-
covery program.
And just what is the work Of F. r. A.
and just what Is its relation to the
undertaking to which the country as a
whole is looking at the moment to
restore our vanished prosperity-the
work Of N. R. A.? There is no doubt
that the N R. A. has not only revived
confidence. but 1t has actually, in the
short time since it was inaugurated,
put people to. work. millions OF people.
No magic formula; it is great expert
ment in cooperation and patience,
Hurry it and you destroy it. 1t has
begun to cut down that unemployment
which is the measuring rod for depres-
sion. But even if it functions with
twice the rapidity which We can rea-
sonably expect there still will be a
ghastly mass of the unemployed TO be
looked after this coming Winter. What
are the facts?
Wages Were Way Down.
Our working world is made up OF
48.s2e, ,920 men, women and children
over 10 years Of age. The children in
this big figure number l.254935. Ac-
cording to the latest reports what is
happening in this army? When Mr..
Evening star., 1933-10-22
BY COVE HAMBIDGE.

vENRY BRUERE, whom Mr..
Roosevelt has borrowed to help
in the large job of co-ordinat-
i ing the credit activities of the
Coyerpr,ept iS man Steened
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-10-13

Only Sears vast re-
sources could bring you
such fine, first quality
rugs at so low a price.
New tile, block and floral
patterns.
Sears-Second Floor
The Coolidge examiner., 1933-02-17

filed with arstocratic visitors He had his stud
of the highest breed, his fox hounds, and all
the Injuries of prosperous country gentleman.
His kitchens, his smoke houses his stables, his
stewards, his tobacco sheds. his fields of wheat
and corn, his hundred cows, his vast poultry
yards his barges. ali indicated great wealth, and
that generous hospitality which is tradi-
ton. His time was passed in overseeing his
large estate and in out-ofdoor sports. following
the hounds or fishing, exchanging visits with
prominent Virginia families, amusing himself
with card playing, dancing and the social fri
volities of the day"
1t was this luxury which Washington was
willing to give up in response to the call of
duty when the fight for American liberties be-
gan. After he had successfully led that fight,
he retired to Mount Vernon only to be called
upon again in 1889 to exchange his role of Vir-
ginia planter for that of President of a new
nation. When he was ready to lay down the
cares of state in 1897 and retire once more to
Mount Vernon. only two more years of life re-
NAMED for him. for he died December
IA, 1890
At his death Mount Vernon passed as life
interest to his widow, Martha Washington. I'm
der the terms of Washington's will some of his
effects had been disposed of and by his widows
will most of the household belongings passed
to her four grandchildren Thus the original
furniture of Mount Vernon became scattered
Mount Vernon, itself, passed, in succession, to
Bushrod Washington John Augustine Washing
ton and John A. Washington, Jr, changes taking
place in the furnishings and interior decorations
of the house, as convenience or inclination
prompted the respective owners.
The Washington family, in the generation Of
John A. Washington, Jr, were DESTROYS that the
historic estate should, for better preservation
paSs into the possession OF the nation. He of
fered to sell Mount Vernon to the United States
and later to the commonwealth of Virginia
Both projects failed.
But what legislatures could not accomplish
Pamela Cunningham of South Carolina appealed
to American women, and in 1856 she was able
to organize the Mount Vernon Ladies' Asso
citation of the Union. One great American, Ed
ward Everett. took up the cause, toured the
country, and gathered 6S,294.59 for the Noun
Vernon fund. In 1858, therefore, the ladies
association was able to buy from John A. Wash
ington. Jr, 202 acres of the Mount Vernon es
tate including the residence and attendant
! buildings the gardens, etc, and also the toni
of our revered first President The price paiC
was 100000 and interest Subsequently
through the generosity of Jay Gould, in 1887
Christian Heurich of Washington, D. c.. in 1893
and Hugh Mex LandOn, in 1925, the total ares
owned by the association has been increased Il
approximately 260 acres
e by Western Newspaper Unon)
The Coolidge examiner., 1933-02-17

George Washington lived a few OF his child
hood years there. He was about eight years old
when the family took up residence on the STAFF
ford county estate which George inherited in
1743 His father a man of landed wealth,
and evidently enterprising. He made several
trading voyages to England, sent his two eldest
sons. Lawrence and Augustine (Austine). to
school in England, profted by the sale of iron
ore deposits on his Stafford county estate to n
smelling company and the carrying of cargoes
of pig iron to England.
All of the children of Augustine Washington
received a good inheritance, but inasnuch as
the Hunting Creek estate bequeathed to
the eldest son Lawrence, it seems likely that
their father looked upon it his principal
estate though he lived on the Fredericksburg
plantation. Lawrence Washington served as a
captain under Admiral Vernon In the expedi-
ton against Cartagena, in 174O, and never re-
covered from the effects of that brief campaign,
though death did not come to him until another
twelve years had passed Lord Fairfax, whose
estate adjoined that of the WashingtOns was
also at Cartagena, and this wartime friendship
between the two families was to grow closer in
later years through the marriage of Lawrence
Washington into the Fairfax family and the
fondness of Lord Fairfax for George.
In 1743 after inheriting the Hunting Creek
estate, Lawrence Washington built house that
was IN keeping Win MS station, ana renamed
the estate Mount Vernon, in honor of the Brit
ish admiral under whom he had served Wealthy
and of good family, Capt. Lawrence Washing
ton lived in gentlemanly state at Mount Vernon.
Lawrence was fond Of his half-brother George,
this fondness developing almost into guardian
ship. George loved his brother and was fond
of Mount Vernon, too; so. much of his time in
adolescent years was spent at Mount Vernon.
In 1851 he accompanied his halfbrother
Lawrence to Barbados, whittier the latter had
been ordered by the family physician. But
Lawrence did not regain his health. and George
himself contracted smallpox. This slightly
pitted his face for life Lawrence died in 1852,
and at his death George became responsible
for the administration of Mount Vernon and
also for the care of his niece Lawrences only
child The daughter did not long survive her
father and at her death George Washington
by the terms of her fathers WILL inherited
Mount Vernon.
During the period of peace-the calm before
the storm-Colonel Washington much OF
Mount Vernon. In 1859, he married the richest
woman in the Potomac region. Martha the
widow of Daniel Parke Custis OF the next few
years in Washingtons life historian has
written:
His style of life as the lord of Mount Vernon
was almost baronial. He had chariot and four
with black positions in livery, for the use of his
wife while he himself always appeared on horse
back. the finest rider in Virginia. His house wa: