davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times., 1933-08-03

necessary 10 aVOlQ all strikes, the
government did very much the same
sort of thing it is doing now. It
fixed labor conditions in contracts
and threw the might of its influ-
ence on the side of collective bar
gaining.
Under these artificially favor
~ able conditions labor unionism.
as measured by membership and by
influence. made the greatest ad-
vance it has ever made in our his
tory. But the record shows that
labor unioniSm made very little real
advance in gaining the allegiance OF
wage earners or of demonstrating its
power to represent their interest.
When tie artificially favorable
conditions were removed the men,
bership and influence of the unions
went into a rapid decline. BY 1923
the unions had lost all they had
gained between 1918 and 1920. BY
1882 they had probably receded to
their prewar size.
But even more striking and more
significant than the decline in total
membership has been the virtual
disappearance of trade unionism
from the main body of American in
dustry and its concentration in a
very few trades where there are Or
the whole artiicially favorable con-
ditions. Even before the depression
had devastated the ranks of union
ism. in 1880. 10 per cent of its mem
bership was in five industries.
Transportation, which, of course,
means chiefly the railroads, ac-
counted for a little over a quarter
of the unionists. The railroads are
a sheltered" industry under gov
ernment regulation. The building
trades accounted for another quar-
ter. They are a sheltered trade in
that you can not build houses where
it is cheapest to build them: they
have to be built where people need
them.
The building trades, moreover,
through public contracts and build
ing laws. are intimately entangled
with municipal politics.
This covers half of American un-
ionism today. Another quarter is
concentrated in the printing trade,
which. because of the high skill re-
quired, is very favorable to union
ization; in the public services, which
are sheltered politically, and in the
theater industry, which is so Specu-
lative and competitive in its nature
that it is either rolling in wealth or
is bankrupt, so that it will pay any
thing which it is successful and then
shuts down when it is not.
The Indianapolis times., 1933-08-03
Daily Price Index
BpUHifcd Press
fBY Abbott. HoppIn q Col
7By Abbott. Hoppin & CO..

Z WIIfW FTFNN
NEW YORK Aug 7-Drn & Brad
streets daily weighted price index OF
thirty basic commodities. compiled fol the
United Press
The Indianapolis times., 1933-08-03
Bank CiearingS
INDIANAPOLIS STATEMENT
TREASURY STATEMENT

SitdAtiihS ~. .so1N NVu-uu
Debts ..........-..-. -......... 4O3f. .0OO 90
TREASURY STATEMENT
Net balance for Aug. L.. $3.50. 574. .22+ 81
Int Rev. for day. ............ 3.537. .97s 90
Customs receipts. month TO
date .................... I.049. .sss 90
The Indianapolis times., 1933-08-03
Chicago Stocks
by Abbott. Hoprsn & Co.

TOTAL SHARES 5000 SHARES
Evening star., 1933-12-31

portant source of Federal Government
income, tobacco. declined in use in the
last three years to the lowest level since
1922 Cigar and manufactured tobacco,
which steadily declined since 1922
while cigarettes rose until 1930-drop-
ped to postwar consumption. Growers
OF cigar types, which are not included
in the SO per cent of the crop exported
and therefore were hit by lessened
American cigar smoking, were helped
first by the A. A. A. Less than half
these farmers had been able to sell
their 1882 crops, and surplus from pro
ducer to manufacturer was SO large
that if no crops were raised in 1888
and 1884 there would be a shortage
in only few grades. Dollar deprecia-
ton hurried exports in the Autumn.
Forest Products-Negliglble building
since 1929 reduced lumber demand 70
per cent. but utilization of waste, new
uses. repeal, which created a big
market for kegs and barrels; freer
movement Of furniture, and construc-
ton activity near the year-end, helped
numbering. Consumption approxinated
4,O76 100000 feet in 1893. Utilization
Of pine oil for camphor making and
export buying benefited naval stores.
Agricultural Imports-Overprodu
plagued overseas agriculturists. Brazil
!
Gold Coast farmers cut cocoa crops.
japanese cocoon growers lessened their
output to diminish silk supplies.
Cofee-World coffee stocks today are
223 per cent less than last year. Bra
zil's bumper crop of 30,000000 bags
again will be curtailed by flames.
American coffee drinking. up 70 per
cent the first five months of this crop
year. made a new high record
Sugar-Three major sugar market
changes took place in 1888. The market,
which continued downward trend for
FIVE years, turned and advanced until
at the peak in July prices we're at levels
of the Spring of 1891. For the second
time in six years, world consumption
in sugar exceeded production for two
consecutive years. Consumption gave
every evidence of resuming its up
ward trend.
Cocoa-The Gold Coast crop, the
worlds mCSt important. has been re-
duced by $1,000 tons. The Bahia yield
is 80 per cent less than last year. These
smaller yields make the new crop be
low consumption needs, so will sharply
cut carryover.
Notwithstanding automotive pro-
duction, along with improved demand
for rubber wear. mechanical goods and
novelties, enabled world rubber con-
sumption for the first time in five years
to exceed production. World stocks
are 5 per cent less than year ago.
AS the year ends, most growers are
comforting on restriction.
Silk-Raw silk stock here in Novem-
Der reached a pinnacle of 93625 bales,
as strikes of dyers and weavers stopped
mill deliveries. Near the year-end, de-
creases from 1882 we're; Imports, TO-
500 bales; mill deliveries, lll,350;
takings from stock. rs 662, and silk in
petition, on a price basis, and yen
dollar swings caused silk prices to end
the year slightly below last years
levels. tCopyright, 1889
Evening star., 1933-12-31

NIT low prices for farm products to con-
tinue indefinitely, there will come a
time when there will be genuine
scarcity. Growers will gradually be
forced off their farms, out of our money
economy into subsistence farming
that differs little from peasantry. To
avert this, the administration is at
farms and to adjust the agricultural
conditions. Farmers are being helped
to adjust acreage and production to an
existing market through compensation
derived from the processing tax. The
new farm Legislation is piece of social
machinery for the attainment OF def
mite social and economic ends"
AS these various moves developed in
the attempt to raise agricultural prices
tc a profitable level the market re-
sponded in a broad upward swing that
virtually doubled quotations prevailing
during the early months of 1888. From
around 6 cents in February, prices had
risen to II cents by the latter part of
July, despite the largest carry-over,
with the single exception of the pre-
vious season. in all cotton history. The
same talk of imitation which had led
growers to increase acreage attracted
spectators and investors to the con-
tract market Trading increased in
volume week by week, absorbing the
cotton for sale on each new advance,
and was assisted by record breaking
consumer buying for that period of the
year, buying which normally occurs
only when the crop is moving freely to
market in the Fall
In anticipation of substantially in
creased production costs, due to higher
raw material, processing tax and the
textile code, mills bought heavily
throughout the Spring and early Sum-
mer months. Instead of waiting for
the 1888 crop, spinners took cotton out
of the surplus from previous years and
during May, June and July forwardings
ran about 100000 bales ahead of the
previous year. Under the combined in
fluence of rapid depreciation of the
dollar in foreign exchange and an
nouncement of the success in securing
cooperation to plow up part OF the
growing crop, prices reached the peak
of the advance late in July.
The upward movement in the grain
market eliminated about the same time
and q sharp reaction wiped out more
than half the Improvement Of the rre-
Evening star., 1933-12-31
Prices First Raised
for Cotton and
Wheat Areas.
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
NEW YORK, December 3o.-Marked
improvement came in 1888 for the
farms, where live over 2l per cent of
the workers, 80 per cent Of the con-
sumers and nearly "A per cent of the
Nations population. There reduced
supplies, resulting from the A. a. AS
program, the weather, Quickened city
use and expanding exports, lifted ma
tional gross farm income by S1,25T ,000,-
900 to S6,40000O 900. Wheat and cot
ton prices were raised first to prevent
such farmers from becoming dairymen.
Later milk and its products. corn, hogs
and tobacco were helped.
Cereals-Wheat, flour and baking
With 1928 wheat stocks three
times normal and about half the worlds
surplus American farmers got 81 cents
a bushel in January, or 10 per cent
less than at the year end. The 1888
"a wheat crop. affected by weather
and A A. A. payments. was the smallest
in 40 years. Processing taxes and
N. r. A. costs advanced bread prices.
American -four consumption in the last
six months was the smallest in a decade.
Flour milled in that time declined more
than 100000 barrels. Narrow profit
margins were the rule in baking.
Corn and hogs. barley and beer. rye
and whisky-Corn. biggest American
crop, is largely fed on the farm, only
0ne-eighth being sold for cash, Hogs,
heaviest consumers of corn, numbered
So 800, 900 last January. export de-
mand like that for wheat and cotton
had shrunk. An acreage cut, substitu-
tion for other grains, enlarged industrial
usage, and the weather doubled the
S45, 100000 cash paid farmers for corn
in 1892 The Federal bonus slaughter
program about doubled hog quotations,
which, at the start of 1888, were at the
lowest level since 1896.
Barley Crop Small.
The 30-cent barley price in February
banking difficulties and unfavorable
weather contributed to make the 1888
crop the smallest since 1921 LegaliZa-
ton of beer will take over half this
crop, creating larger demand for such
substitute feed crops as corn and oats.
Rye in the dry era was used for -four
and feed. Manufacture of grain alcohol
required only a few thousand bushels.
With whisky utilizing 100000 bushels
and crop short it is easy to understand
why rye rocketed, bringing in imports
of 100000 bushels, which later de-
pressed prices.
Cotton and wool-Cotton carryover
in January was larger than last seasons
production, as both export-which is
half the crop-and domestic demand
dwindled. Planted before the A. A. A.
became law, it was necessary to plough
up 100000 acres to cut the 1933-34
Evening star., 1933-12-31

II Is estimated that more than TO-
100000 acres were ploughed over in a
few weeks at cost of approximately
S11o 900 900, which was temporarily ad-
vanced by the Treasury, but eventually
was to be met by processing tax OF
s21 a bale on all cotton domestically
consumed. The tax on the 100000
bales used by domestic mills would re-
turn $126,000,000. In the event Of COL
lecting the full tax, the scheme would
be self-supporting, for the program is
cotton, out of which the grower is to
receive the compensation provided under
the adjustment act. According to the
department, more than 100000 growers
signed contracts to plough up acreage.
some choosing an immediate cash pay
ment and others electing to take up the
100000 bales of Government owned
cotton on options.
Costs $50 Millions.
The total cost proved upward of
$3.50, ,0O0, 900, or about 40 per cent of the
total return to the planter from his
crop of the previous year. Since the
grower has already marketed over g.
600, 900 bales, valued at $400 900, 900, re-
turns from the 1877, 900 bales produced
in 1888 promised to be larger than for
several years. In addition, the admin
istration decided to advance to all grow
ers having any of this years crop still
unsold the sum Of $50 bale in order
to facilitate a holding movement for
higher prices. This arrangement prom
iseS to bring considerable quantity OF
cotton under Government control as to
marketing and, with the $4,000 bales
held on options, may readily become an
extremely important price-making fac
tor once the unwieldly carryover is re-
duced.
While Brazil has been burning sur
plus stores of coffee in a vast and costly
effort to adjust supply to demand, it is
doubtful whether the deliberate destruc-
ton of f1ourishing crop has ever been
undertaken before. The step was so
1evolutlonary that rot only did it seem
order, but great difficulty was expert
enced in forcing mules into the cotton
row, since carefully avoiding touching
the plant has always been an essential
part of their training. As Secretary
Wallace confessed:
I had enough of the old-time ex-
pansive farming tradition in me to feel
twist inside, when saw thrifty cot
ton being plowed under Neverthe-
less, the farmers who did that plow-
ing were facing reality. That quarter
Of the crop which should never have
been planted and which, having
planted, they did away with, made all
the difference between Scent cotton
and the better prices the grower is now
receiving. This effort at conscious
control of production seems necessary
since any material reduction or expan-
sion in the entire agricultural plant
through the normal operations of sup
ply and demand, unaided by collective
guidance may require 20 to 80 years.
"If We proceed by the law Of laissez
faire, Of letting things drift. II we per-
Evening star., 1933-12-31
RECOVERY GETS UNDERWAY ON FIRMS
WITH Add. HELPING TO LIFT INCOMES

crop, which would have been the second
largest in our history. Through acreage
reduction payments, options and loans,
and increased export demand, partly
caused by the dollars depreciation, cot
ton rose from $50 to 11.33 cents
pound, being around the 10-cent level
at the year end
Wool clipped on the farm brought
88 per cent more in 1888 than in 1882,
recording one Of the SharpeSt gains in
live stock income This was due TO
lessened sheep population, broadened
clothing and carpet consumption, ana
the dollars depreciation, which raised
prices on our wool imports. The i'm
ports were more than 157 per cent
larger in poundage than year ago.
Dairylng.-Milk, butter and cheese:
The milk COW population January was
25,636,000. an all-time peak. Low feed
prices and a protective tariff encour-
aged former cotton and grain growers
TO enter dairying. With trade bar
rierS shutting off export markets that
once required 4Oo0o.0oO acres for cot
ton and grain production, the dairying
trend Quickened.
Mix is the largest single source Of
farm income. and it brings cash re-
turns quickly These factors increased
as the depression advanced. Surplus"
milk, therefore. was canned, powdered
or turned into butter and cheese. Such
inventories mounted and consequently
prices broke. The A. A. A. arranged
marketing agreements with milk Gamers
and condensers and subsequently pur-
chased some surplus butter and cheese
stocks to be distributed through relief
agencies.
Butter stocks of 175.0oo,0oo pounds
September l were a record high. Cheese
stocks, then of 94000,000 pounds, were
helped by repeal, but were 28,000,000
pounds over that 1892 date Repeal re-
duced ice cream sales, and consequently
milk use, by 20 per cent Higher feed
prices will lessen milk output and
eventually raise dairy product quota
tions.
Poultry and eggs.-Lke milk. poul-
try and eggs can be turned into
cash quickly. Poultry supplies widened
this Autumn because egg prices de-
layers were marketed, hence fresh eggs
may be fewer than last year, depending
somewhat on the severity of the Winter
Poultry in storage December l approxi-
mated 9Q,00000O pounds. or over l.
100000 less than on the same 1882
date, but stored eggs of 1855 900 cases
compared with 1,199,0 900 cases Decem-
Der /, 1882, which accounted for the
egg collapse in mid-December.
Live Stock Declines.
Live stock.-Cattle, hog and sheep
prices depend on the consumers pur-
chasing power, the price of competing
foods such as eggs. fish and cheese, and
supplies. Only by-products. such as
hides and wool. proved profitable in
1888, as export meat and provision
markets contracted and domestic con-
sumption was obtained only through
lowered quotations.
Tobacco-America' sixth most valu-
able farm crop and second most i'm
Evening star., 1933-12-31

vious four months. After losing s1k
cents, the market rallied, but each sue
ceeding recovery failed to lift quota
tions to the level attained in July
Having already bought freely in an
ticipation of higher prices, mills failed
to take as large a percentage of the
crop being marketed as is usually the
case, while speculation ebbed under the
confusion engendered by the gold-buy-
ing policy in Washington. Prices re-
manned not far from a basis of 10 cents
during the closing months of the year.
The agitation of so-called sound money
adherentS against the threat of cur
rency imitation and the failure of the
consuming public to absorb higher
priced goods as readily as had been
hoped for, led owners of spot cotton to
reduce holdings on every slight upturn
in prices. To those having cotton not
qualified for the Government loan OF
$50 a bale, uncertainties were an in
ducement to meet the market rather
than to defer action for possible
future rise in values. Even with a
larger consumption than last season,
the carryover on July 81, 1884, promises
to exceed 100000 bales.
Control Plan for 1894.
While the world appears to be emerg-
ing from the acute stages of the de-
preston and consumption of cotton has
improved, there still remains the prob
Evening star., 1933-12-31

lem of limiting production to world
needs. To this end the Agricultural
Adjustment Administration has form
ulated plans for the coming year. These
call for reduction in area to $4,000, 900
acres, or approximately 40 per cent less
than the recent five-year average,
through landleasing at an estimated
outlay of SIPS, 100000. In addition to
a money payment for each acre rented,
a So-called parity payment is to be made
of not less than S5 a bale. Growers
will be permitted, however, to use loaded
land for soil Improvement or erosion
preventing crops, food and food crops
and for production to be consumed on
the farm.
In the control plans, provisions are
also made looking to a Is per cent
acreage reduction for 1885, the Secre-
tary of Agriculture to determine whether
a sufficient number of contracts have
been signed to insure its success. Costs
are to be met again through process
ing tax, similar in amount to the one
now in force, on all raw material used
in the United States. 1t Is hoped by
this means to hold output down to
5000, 600 or 100000 bales, which, with
an anticipated consumption for the
current season of 100000 or Is, ,000,000
bales. would reduce the burdensome
surplus TO manageable proportions.
Evening star., 1933-12-31
STEADY IMPROVEMENT
REVEALED BY SURVEY
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
MINNEAPOLIS, December 30.-For
the first time since the depression
started. all four of the indices which
record the outgo of the average con-
sumer in the monthly survey made by
Investors Syndicate make a favorable
comparison with the year previous.
In addition to cost-of-living figures,
retail buying, auto buying and even
home building, a laggard In other
months, are above November, 1882.
final figures for November show. While
cost of living is up 90 per cent over
the corresponding month, it has not
mounted nearly as fast as wages, so
this, too. Is regarded as q favorable
Evening star., 1933-12-31
STEEL MILLS ARE BUSY.

YOUNGSTOWN, Ohio, December 80
R.-The close of the year in the
youngstown area finds steel mill opera
tions at q higher point than in any
year end since 1929.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-29
Narrilnan Denositors SIC

NEW YORK, April ga commit
tee of depositors Of the Hartman
bank have started suit against the
New York Clearing House banks to
try to recover dollar for dollar their
deposits in that defunct institution.
Thus far they have been assured they
will receive but so cents on a dollar.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-29
WORKERS THEATRE
SPARTAKIAD TODAY

NEW YORK. - The curtain rises
this afternoon and evening on the
second annual Workers Theatre
Spartakiad at Manhattan Lyceum,
&C East 4th Street, with a dozen New
York workers theatre groups engag-
ing in Socialist competition. The
judges are headed by Joseph Free
man, editor of the New Masses. There
will be three awards.
The plays presented will deal with
themes of great interest to workers,
ranging from the anti-fascist strug-
gle in Germany and Jewish life in
the Soviet Union to eYictions in the
Bronx. Performances will be given
in several languages,
Groups performing in English in
clude the Workers Laboratory The
atre of the W.T.R.. the TWO. Blue
Blouses, the Theatre OF the Workers
School, the Brighton Progressive
Dram-Section, and the Yorkville
Youth Players. Jewish plays will be
given by the Dram-Sections of the
Bronx and Brighton Workers Clubs.
The Prolet- Buehne and Nature
Friends will perform in German. The
Spartacus Greek Workers Theatrical
Group in Greek, and the Dramatic
Group of the Maxim Cork Union in
Russian.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-29
LABOR ATHLETES
ASK MORE FIELDS
AT PARK BOARD

NEW YORK-Charging that real
estate interests have inspired a good
deal of the opposition to the building
of new baseball fields in Central
Park" S. w. Gerson, representing the
Labor Sports Union, at the open
hearing Of the Park Board at Arsenal
Building yesterday, attacked Nathan
Straus, Jr. and the So-called Park
Association for its opposition to the
plan for building five new ball dia-
monds and a running track. Audible
gaSps OF establishment came from the
aristocratic ladies of the various Gar
den Clubs and fashionable art Soci-
cites interested in identifying the
park when Gerson bluntIy connected
some Of their "esthetic and altruistic"
opposition with the vulgar and grub
by desire of certain real estate groups
owning real estate bordering Central
Park.
Hits Tammany Vote Catching
At the same time the representative
Of the Labor Sports Union hit the
Tammany politicians who are using
the entire issue as a vote-catching
scheme by insisting that the ball
fields and track be made permanent.
(Sheehy, in order to placate all
groups, has announced that the ball
fields will only be temporary. The
L. S. U. speaker, after pointing out
the great need for more ball fields
near Harlem, a most congested sec
ton Of the city, where the Negro and
Latin American sportsmen suffer
from lack of public fields, laid down
the following demands of the Labor
Sports Union:
l. That the fields be built up i'm
mediately and that they be perma-
nent.
2. That adequate shower and dress
ing room facilities be built.
3. That unemployed labor be placed
on the work Of filling in the old re-
serYoir and be paid at the prevailing
rate of union wages
+ L. S. U. Starts Mass Campaign
The Labor Sports Union has an
nounced that this is part of its cam
paign for more public fields and that
it intends to keep up the fight
through petitions, delegations to the
city authorities and organization OF
the Sandlot athletes until a real pro-
gram Of building fields is adopted and
carried through by the city.