davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1933-07-30
Honoring Kosciusko,

Postmaster General James A. Farley
announces philatelic honor for Thad-
deus Kosciusko Polish patriot, chival-
rous knight in freedoms cause, brother
in-arms of Pulaski, Lafayette and
Washington, his portrait is to adorn a
five-cent stamp to be issued October
18. The homage is abundantly JUS
titled.
But, curiously enough, the story of
Kosciusko's career is only imperfectly
known to modern Americans. It may
be doubted If the average man or
woman of the present generation could
recite spontaneously three simple de-
tails of his biography. Practically all
that is generally current about him is
the single fact that he served in the
Colonial Army In the Revolutionary
War
He was a scion of noble stock, born
on February IL. 1746, exactly sixty
three years before the day upon which
Abraham Lincoln and Charles Darwin
first saw the light. His education he
obtained at the military academy at
Versailles, and he was thoroughly
schooled In the art Of war when he
ioined the Continental forces In 1777
His stay in America extended to more
than q decade. He served With dis
Evening star., 1933-07-30
FRIENDSHIP
BY THE JAMES FREEMAN d. d, IL. D, d. c. L.
Bishop Of Wahngton.
"As in water face answereth to face,

AS in water face anSwereth to face,
70 the heart Of man to man."
This unusual passage, taken from the
twenty-Seventh chapter Of Proverbs, is
fine definition Of true friendship. As
the placid water mirrors the face, so
the heart Of true friend reflects the
image OF him who seeks to find. in it
response to the call of affection.
Friendship Is reciprocal. It Is normal
to love those who In turn love us. There
Is little in life more satisfying or COM
pensating than to find our deeper feel
tngs and emotions responded to by one
who readily and gladly understands
them. Possibly one Of the greatest in
SpirationS that ever comes to us pro-
ceeds from the heart Of one who knows
us for what we are, appraises us at
our true worth and understands with
sympathy both our weakness and our
strength. Many of the noblest works
we cherish in art, literature and music
have had their inspiration In such q
friendship. Martin Luther found In
his comrade, Melanchthon> that which
stabilized and kept him
on his course In like manner Melanch-
thon traced the great impulses Of his
life to the mighty reformer. Raphael,
the matchless painter, found In an
al tAoG u 4CCSCI SCIuOo tkldll 1lAkI1oCl4 .
source OF inspiration and power. In
Vulnerable cases of excelling genius
born out Of a great friendship come
readily to mind. Poor indeed is that
man or woman who has no life in
which to repose confidence and trust.
Neither prosperity nor adversely can
chill the affection Of one who knows
and understands US. It may be that
adversely Is q severer test of friendship
than all else. It is certainly true that
it furnishes an opportunity for a more
demonstrative expression of affection
and confidence.
The strain Of friendship comes
when misunderstanding shadow and
impair 1t, and one of LIES tragedies is
the broken tie between those who in
happier days have shared condolences.
Among the influences that provoke true
friendship is correspondence of tastes
and aptitudes. The artist. the writer,
the professional mans find frequently in
their fellows engaged In like occupation
Evening star., 1933-07-30
THE OLD CAPITOL TAP ROOM
BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN.

was crowded with the Senators whose
names made history.
There were no chairs nor tables
there was not sufficient room for tina.
but merely q bar. Oysters we're
served, sandwiches and similar viands
Of the later free lunch type The prin-
cipal business Of the tap room was tho
dispensing Of drinks
When some important affair was
forward, the place would buzz with
conversations. a record of which the
historian would give much to have.
Here opinions were exchanged and
political deals made and toasts drunk
to favorites. Black servitors fitted and
squeezed between the jam of legisla-
tors and, now and then, some mes
Senger would hasten in with news of
what was happening in one house or
the other.
There was trapdoor in the stone
floor and down this led a ladder to the
cellarage below Supplies Of vintage
wines and barrels of whisky would be
hoisted through this when supplies in
the tap room proper ran low.
Clay Strategy.
There Is curious legend connected
with the deeply subterranean cellarage.
promise was at issue and about to come
to decisive vote on the Senate floor,
that Henry Clay brought to the tap
room Senator he knew to be opposed
to his measure. The vote was to be
close and this opponents influence was
felt by Clay to be important. The
charming young Kentuckian engaged
his political opponent in brilliant con-
versation, conversation which turned
even as it often does today-on the
respective merits Of liquors. On the
pretext Of exhibiting to his colleague
fresh consignment of priced Kentucky
whisky, Clay took him down the ladder
through the trap door. Clay led him
of, holding a candle
Now the crypts of the Capitol are a
veritable Cretan maze. Clay had
familiarized himself with some of the
principal turnings. When they had
progressed some distance Clay, SEEM
1ngly accidentally, let the candle be
blown out by treacherous draught,
plunging them in utter darkness. Then
Clay tip-toed back to the trapdoor and
ascended. He returned to the Senate
chamber where he was able to ma
neuver the Missouri Compromise to its
lost in the dark maze that Clay became
alarmed and organized a rescue party.
1t was too late to alter the vote on the
bill. There is no canto to the legend
which says that the opposing Senator
actually found the Kentucky whisky
That might have delayed him, but it
probably was a mythical supply, imag-
ired by Clay
While the Hole in the Wall no longer
Is likely to be employed as a tap room
and while the crypts of the Capitol are
never visited by any but engineers in
specting steam fittings or electrical
lines, the old building still is so full of
devious twistings ard turnings that
even the most sober person could
readily get lost though electric lights
were burning. What the return of
liquor to the Capitol will produce In the
way of new legends must be awaited.
1t might be advisable to outfit an ex-
ploring expedition to search these cata-
combs to determine whether Clay's
whisky was, indeed, wholly mythical,
for, upon repeal. there will be stark
need for supplies.
Evening star., 1933-07-30

resulting increase Of total purchasiua
power. This first provision Of Paragraph
Z is q general statement Of what shall
not be done. =
Here is stated very clearly what the
employer is not to do. The interpreta-
ton of the code, however, explains that
rates of pay for employees above the
minimum wage group shall be increased
by equitable readjustments." These
readjustments must be fair to the en-
ployer. But at the same time 1t Is
made clear that these readjustments are
not to be made unfair to the employe.
Indeed, there Is the certain Implication
that the readjustments are to be for the
benefit of the employe. The National
Recovery Administration admits that q
hard and fast rule governing the wages
of the higher paid employees cannot well
be set up, In view Of long standing dif-
ferentials In pay schedules, with due
regard for the fact that pay rolls arc
being heavily increased and that en-
ployes will receive benefits from shorter
hours, from the Unemployment of other
workers and from stabilized employment
which may increase their yearly earn
ings. -.
The National Recovery Administra-
ton will observe carefully the manner
in which equitable readjustments" are
made for the employees receiving more
than the minimum wages, the interpre-
tation asserts. It will announce such
action as is necessary from time to
time to see that these readjustments
are fair, both to the employe and to the
employer. The difficulties which face
both the employers and the National
Recovery Administration in the work
ing out Of the recovery program are
frankly very great. But they can bc
surmounted. The rule of fairness, the
intent Of the whole program and the
national recovery act, must be allowed
to govern. Mistakes will arise invariably,
with some injustices. But these MS
takes and injustices are capable Of cor
rection. The recovery movement is in
the making. As President Roosevelt
has said, it can succeed If the American
people determine that 1t shall.
Evening star., 1933-07-30
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
Attainment.

Attainment.
Have you forgot how, a few months
since,
You rallied at the chill which the
climate displayed?
Each breeze that came out of the sky
made you vince.
And the weather reports left you
sad and afraid.
And now, when the boughs all laden
we see,
Have you the assurance to kick
cause it's hot?
Those days which were mournful and
dark as could be
For lack Of warm wave, oh, have
you forgot?
Now let the thermometer joyously
range,
Fulfillment is here of our earlier de-
sire,
We've shivered a full share and now,
for a change,
Our privilege proud it shall be to
perspire.
So be not discouraged nor call it a
grind,
Nor vow q mistake Is discovered too
late.
The present discomfort, we frequently
find,
Is something we formerly thought
would be great.
Evening star., 1933-07-30

q ready response to theiy approach,
but the greatest inspiration Of abiding
friendship grows out Of correspond
ence Of spiritual ideals and aspira-
tions.
A friend In Paris with whom I was
talking some time ago remarked: "Your
presence here means much to me, but
strange as it may seem. when you are
absent ! think more deeply and seri-
ously about those finer things, spiritual
elements, we call them, that have made
our friendship what it is" He was
seeking to give expression to the more
kinship Of soul. It may be impossible
to define In any precise way the per-
vasive and persuasive influence Of the
greatest Of all friends, friendship that
has come down through the centuries
and found response in every part Of the
world, but whether we can define 1t or
not 1t persists and will continue to SO
long as men see In this Friend of every
man the supremest expression Of love
and devotion the world has ever known
It was this greatest Friend who said:
Greater love hath no man than this.
that q man lay down his life for his
friends" and He eXemplifled it through
supreme sacrifice. It is In this acknowl-
Cd6C0 AA4C10oA4P Will xAAl tAAot OOAlIS
of the closest ties between human lives
have been formed. That,
There is q place where spirits blend,
And friend holds fellowship with friend,
Is demonstrably true. We find our own
finer and deeper emotions responded to
by those who with US share devotion
to the worlds Savior and Redeemer.
The comradeship Of those who walk In
the House of God as frieDds, maintained
mbrokenly through long years, is an
indissoluble one. Ties that grow out
of fellowship in our occupational and
social life are strong, but they are made
infinitely stronger where they are
strengthened by like religious convic-
tions and devotion to a common Master
Some Of the noblest friendships Of
time have been of this order. Where
the heart of another answers to the
deeper, finer feelings Of our own, there
IS born friendship that is second only
tn kinShin
Evening star., 1933-07-30
Big Job Lies Ahead of the American
Eagle on the New N. r. A. Emblem

BY this, Of course, We do not mean
President Roosevelt, who was decidedly
among those present when the eagle
simply knocked 'em cold the last time
the world was made new in Woodrow
Wilson's administration. Nor Gen.
Hugh johnson, tireless, determined, able
administrator Of N. r. A., who knows
his eagles. man and boy, since that
same tremendous period.
We mean particularly the earnest
bands Of brothers and sisters who are
sitting on committees and pinning on
badges and handing out buttons and
pasting up lists Of conscientious OBJ
jectors" in exactly the same way they
used to scof and jeer at us for doing in
an earlier day. We mean particularly
or any democracy. who are called the
intelligentsia. for want of better word,
and who at present occupy SO many Of
the luxurious, air-conditioned offices in
the national recovery acts headquarters
in that anathema Of all New Dealers in
good standing, the new Commerce
Building.
It must come as rather a shock to
them, if they ever had time to think of
it in the midst of their 40-hour day job
of making a new world, that there is
only one method by which they may
leave their blueprints. so to speak, on
the sands of time-the old method
symbolized by their hitherto disdained
eagle and his scream. Unfortunately,
most Of them are too busy making his
tory to read much of it, or they would
know that the world is always made
new by that little old English word Of
four letters-no, Bernice. we do not
mean lowe, we mean CULTS. Or
that, as the International Geographical
Congress meeting here was told. it is a
process which has been going on for a
mere ten to twenty million years.
The American eagle has done his
stuff for hundred and sixty odd
some of them great deal odder than
those we are passing through-and he's
going to do it again. Watch him,
everybody! Allez-oop!
(Copyrieht. 1933)
Evening star., 1933-07-30
Internreting the Code.

An official Interpretation" of the
Presidents blanket code" in the in
dustrial recovery program asserts that
the compensation of employees now re-
ceiving more than the minimum wage
specified in the code must not be re-
duced to Offset the specified reduction
In hours Of labor. It is clear that they
must not be so reduced If the purpose of
the recovery program is to be fulfilled.
That purpose is to develop and increase
the buying power of the American people
SO that industry may be put back on
its feet and employment again flourish
in the land. There is no purpose in
the code or program to bring about a
reduction of wages and salaries merely
to make it possible to raise minimum
wages. To carry out such a program
as that would not increase the purchas-
ing power of the people. It would merely
result tn more nearly equal scale Of
pay for all employees, no matter what
the character Of work performed; an
increase for the lowest paid and de-
crease for the rest.
The Interpretation of the blanket
code put forward by the National
Recovery Administration itself says In
this connection:
Paragraph means, first, that COM
pensation of employees above the min
imum wage group whether now fixed
by the hour, day, week or otherwise)
shall not be reduced, either to COM
pensate the employer for increases that
he may be required to make in the
minimum wage group in order to comply
with the agreement, or to turn this
unemployment agreement into q mere
share-the.work movement without .
Evening star., 1933-07-30

With SO many States already ranged
on the side of repeal of the eighteenth
amendment, it is regarded at Washing
ton as a foregone conclusion that when
next Congress convenes unrestricted
drinking will be resumed. Not as un-
restricted, Of course, as it was In the
earlier days Of the country because
tastes have modified. but still unre-
stricted when compared with the last
decade. There are very few three-bottle
men left.
When 80 beer was legislated back
into responsibility, Congress took spe-
cial care to see to it that the dining
rooms at the Capitol should be supplied
and so when wines and spirits once
again are clothed with legality. 1t Is a
reasonably safe assumption that they
will be served at the Capitol. Drinks
may be served in the Senate and HOUSE
restaurants which are, respectively, al
most exactly beneath the chambers OF
the two legislative bodies.
Washington has an old tradition OF
good food and good wine. There were
careful men in the old days who gave
thought to what they consumed. That
was before the time of the glass OF milk
and ham sandwich taken on the run
between committee meetings. Once the
two restaurants at opposite ends OF the
Capitol were presided over by chefs who
knew their art and patronized by per-
sons whose taste was sufficiently keen
to locate the very vineyard which had
produced a given wine. Better still
were most when 1t came to judging
hard liquor.
The mystery Of planters punches, OF
royal gin fizzeS and OF a score OF other
drinks was intimately known to the
LEGISLATORS of the earlier days and their
tastes were so sharp and schooled that
if bartender had added drop too
much of any required ingredient, the
error was detected and the drink prob
ably sent back.
Hole In the Wall.
The Capitol restaurants are not
nearly as old in fact and reputation as
were some Of the privately conducted
restaurants along Pennsylvania avenue.
But those are gone and the Capitol
dining rooms remain. However, before
the present quarters were set aside in
the Capitol structure there was, in the
very oldest part of that historic build
ing, an earlier place of refreshment-
the original Capitol tap room. 1t
seems to have been the exclusive
province of Senators, but Senators were
free to invite Representatives as well
as other friends to join them and did
so as far as space would permit. For
the old tap room was smaller than that
Of many an inn.
The Capitol was slow in building. In
the first place it was built by hand.
There were no steam cranes to handle
the great stone blocks and no me-
chanical mortar mixers. Also the work
was more ponderous. There are walls
in the Capitol foundation structure 10
feet thick. An interruption came when
the British burnt the edifice in 1914.
So space was at a premium.
Indeed. SO cramped was the space
available for the Senate's tap room
that it was called the hole in the wall.
1t Is in the sub-basement, among the
crypts Of the old building, and because
of the honesty with which this work
was built, has survived the British
burning and the ravages CT time, in
tact Now a forgotten and dark
lumber room, the little tap room once
Evening star., 1933-07-30
Four.POwer Pact Nav
Solve Europe's Problems
BY WILLIAM BIRD.

PARIS, July 29-The power
pact signed in the Palazzo Venezia at
Rome may become the instrument for
establishing united front among Eu-
ropean countries in their dealings with
other continents, and particularly with
the United States.
Many European statesmen have felt
ever since the war that the United
States on, one hand and Japan on the
other had a tremendous advantage IN
dealing with Europe, on account OF the
fact that they were able to play one
nation or group Of nations against an
other At the same time these differ
ences between European nations have
been pointed to by Americans as evi-
dences of the impossibility Of any kind
of international harmony and as justifl-
cation for an attitude Of aloofness on
the part Of Washington.
Four years ago Aristide BRAND. to
overcome this difficulty, elaborated a
plan for a federation Of European ma
tions Eventually. however, the idea
can and Oriental powers, and the whole
scheme virtually fell by its own weight,
although the League of Nations is still
working at it in a perfunctory way.
The four-power pact is an effort to
reach the same goal in another way.
Being limited to the four principal Eu-
ropean powers, England, France, Italy
and Germany, all non-European influ-
ence is excluded. And while the other
European nations are not represented
formal assurances have been given that
no decisions will be taken affecting
their rights without consulting them.
The formation of this four power
bloc was not possible sooner, because OF
the feeble position of the successive
German governments that preceded
Adolf Hitler. German foreign policy
had been at the mercy Of the National
ist agitators, and German negotiators
were unable to make progress in nego-
tiations with foreign countries because
of the need for propitiating Nationalist
opinion at home. Now, however, Hitler
has abolished all partisan opposition
and, while strongly Nationalist, he Is in
predecessors could not make.
The consequence, Is that the hope for
real understanding among the four
powers on most of the outstanding
issues Of the day is running very high
Mussolini has shown q desire for q
genuine understanding with France
and it is believed that he will be able
to bring Hitler to the view that it Is
Germany's interest to allay all fears Of
another gigantic European war by max
ing the necessary sacrifices as to arma-
ments.
There seems to be no doubt that on
the question Of debts to America the
four powers viii very quickly reach an
understanding. This question does not
interest Germany directly, but England
closely similar, and the formulation Of
common policy on this question as
well as on the problems Of currency
and trade relations is an outstanding
probability.
(Copyright, 1881
Evening star., 1933-07-30
BY KATHARINE DAYTON.

This department is more than happy
to report that there is world Of COM
fort, for an old human-nature lover
like ourselves, in contemplating the new
N. r. A. eagle which practically all Gods S
chillun will be handed next week.
In the first place, it is an eagle. This
alone, after all we had read in the pa
pers about brand-new world with all
its old furniture, as you might say, sent
to the Salvation Army. and everything
smelling Of fresh paint and sticky with
varnish and all. certainly warmed our
heart-cockles. to say nothing of being
a sight for sore eyes.
We had expected. Of course, some
thing much more realistic and original
"a modernistic cootie, say, symbolic Of
such intense irritation that the most
self-centered egotist is forced to drop
all selfish interests and do something
about it. And here was our old friend,
the eaglei
A gay young eagle, it Is true, appar-
emily doing q split" in what appears to
be burst of animal spirits. clutching
the while a doughnut in one claw and a
bunch Of forked lightning in the other,
which would be WOW of an act under
any circumstances, but is really not
much hotter than those the American
eagle has been staging since we were
a slip of a girl and recovery was con-
sidered way up town. For instance on
a good old-fashioned half dollar. We
are looking at one as We write this-no,
we're not Dragging, we just asked a
man who owns one-and though the
date on it is 1908; the eagle is waving
an olive branch with its right and sfak-
ing mean clawful of 13 arrows in
its left, holding a ribbon in its beak
and wearing a striped vest, all at one
and the same time ladies and gen 'lemen,
which is certainly as much as you could
expect of any eagle.
The American eagles act has always
been darn good act. Personally, we
like 1t just as well as the first time
We saw it. The only thing that is puz-
cling us is the people who are staging
it this time.
Evening star., 1933-07-30

Announcement that French financial
interests are planning to make invest
ments in Manchukuo with Japanese
cooperation suggests that perhaps
American capitalists have missed an
opportunity In that quarter Of the
world.
Evening star., 1933-07-30

Hollywood's publicity methods are
various and ingenious. An actress has
just been jailed for an hour for smok-
ing in nearby national forest. The
brief discomfort was probably q small
price to pay for a printed portrait.
Evening star., 1933-07-30
A Shade Of Doubt,

Don't you think women ought to
run the affairs Of the country?"
Certainly" replied Miss Cayenne,
"but I'm not absolutely sure they
ought to come out in public and call
attention to the fact that they are
doing So"
Evening star., 1933-07-30

Henry Ford, who has played lone
hand in motor manufacture for many
years, is consistent In holding out on
the recovery code until he has studied
it to his satisfaction,
Evening star., 1933-07-30

Just to differentiate the troubles
now affecting this country the Chinese
residents Of Manhattan are reviving q
tong warfare without any likelihood of
provoking international complications
Evening star., 1933-07-30

Local gunner who are trying to
put Washington on the map as a
crime center are in the way of afford
ing immediate material for the Ma
tion-wide drive on law enforcement.
Evening star., 1933-07-30

Gen. Hugh S. johnson, administra-
tor of the N r. A., says that objec-
tors to the code system will get sock
right on the nose,'' failing to specify
the socker.
Evening star., 1933-07-30
A Question of Art,

WAS that play you speak Of highly
artistic and poetical?" asked the girl
who poses.
Il don't believe it could have been"
replied the girl who Is frank. II un-
derstood and enjoyed every word Of 1t. !"