davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-12-27
Greet the daily" on
Its Tenth Anniversary
January 9Th!

THERE was scared look in his grey
l eyes as he looked into the car win
dow to answer our questions. The
look of eyes that have been scorched
by many deeply painful sights. have
seen such a look in the eyes Of war
veterans who had to ca)ious them
selves outwardly against uncounted
shocks.
I'm going home" he said. Home
to Jonesboro." He named little town
that hugs the foothills of the Caro-
lima Blue Ridges.
His face showed disnay when we
said we were turning off at the next
crossroads, already within sight.
IT sure do wish you folks were going
my way" he said. He half hesitated
as he took his hands from the car
door.
How far have you come today?"
Been walking all morning from
Statesville. Got off the freight there
early"
Statesville was twenty miles away.
How far is it to Jonesboro?"
- f1UOub Lille L QUIZ w WISH
you folks were going hathaway"
1t was getting late. It would take
him the rest of the afternoor--"eve-
Ming" as they say in the South-to
get home, unless he was lucky enough
to get a hitch on this back-country
road. 1t really was not SO much out
of our way to give him a life for some
Of the nine miles.
"Well, now, that's mighty kind of
you," said the boy when we made
room among the camp gear for him.
.
lie LOOKED to be about %, with
ii curly blonde hair that was almost
kinky. His face was tanned and
smooth. Maybe he was younger than
he looked. A friendly face that rip
pied into a smile as he settled back
on the seat and laid hts overall roll
beside him. He wore gray pants and
a roughneck sweater
AS we rode, he told us bits OF his
story. He had been a finisher-hand
in southern blanket mill up to ten
months ago. He was one Of 600 work.
ers, working IL hours day, go a week,
until the lay-offs began.
you're single; you can get along!"
the BOSNIAN told him.
That get along" had double
meaning.
No warning Of this. Being young
and strong, he had thought himself
safe.
II was aiming to get married at
Easter" he told us softly.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-12-27

leadership Of its own instructor. AS
far as limitations Of space and time
will permit, the students will carry
on the work themselves. The work
will be conducted on a practical
rather than theoretical basis, and
will be linked up with the actual
taking of pictures by the students.
1t is planned to have famous pho
tographers at the school from time
to time to give the class special talks
on different aspects Of photography.
Students need not have equipment
or previous experience, although it Is
expected that they will secure a cam
era and take pictures after the work
of the course has begun.
Glasses will be held Friday evenings
8:15, at the Film and Photo Leagues
headquarters at 116 Lexington Ave-,
near 28th st. Registration Is now
open on the following evenings:
Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday
from to 10.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-12-27
PART Nv.


There are 1888 udarniks among the
6l9 workers at the Kuznetsk Coal
Preparing Plant and the Coke
Ovens in Stalinsk. More figures
for those bourgeois editors who shed
crocodile tears because there is no
incentive to work in the Soviet
Union.
We meet with these udarniks in
large room that is covered with
charts and diagrams. Here is the
croSs-section of an aeroplane motor.
There the heart, liver and lungs
of a tractor. Next to it the mech
anism Of rifle. The udarnik
is not only a student of technique
but he is also prepared to defend
it.
In an informal way they tell Us
of their life here. Comrade Boshorin
says: Don't have any illusions
about us. We have great diff
culties as we'll as achievements.
There is so much that we have in
herited from the old way of living
that we haven't got rld of yet.
There's still the feeling among
us that we are working for private
owners, not for Socialism. All of
us do not guard the machines as
our common property"
Other udarniks have good reason
to complain. Food products are
not always up to standard. AT
times they are not plentiful enough.
Lots of room here for improvement.
after all" they say, and quite cor
rectly, "the best and plenty Of it
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-12-27
From Moscow to Siberia
Udarniks in Steel
BY WALT CARMON

is none too good for an ,5isslliiz
in heavy industry
Then there is the holsIiR stsGs55-
age. New buildings arise So fast
that the skyline changes. almost
daily. There hasn't even been time
to destroy the mud huts standing
in front of them from where the
workers have moved. But the steel
giant named after Stain grows
faster. Every day new workers are
drawn off the steppes of Siberia,
sometimes out of yrrt of some
nomad tribe. Homes must be pro-
vided for all of them. All these
difficulties have not been solved
yet. The way to Socialism is not
lined with beds of roses. s4e,
Nor is it made up Of manufac-
tured heroes. These are real .hur d.
man people. Take Yurov.
Yurov Is Mastering Technique
Yurov came here a year ago
from the little town of Slavgorod,
near Omsk. He managed TO exc out
an existence between farming and
repairing the shoes Of -neighbors.
There's a twinkle in his eye when
he tells this. He can appreciate
the hulnor Of it now. He joined
the Red Army in 1880. He was
released after three months serv-
ice. He returned to his village,
where he was handy man to
teach a class in manual training at
the village school, Then he became
forest warden Of his village He
wanted to farm, but his horse went
lame. SOS
About this time workers in his
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-12-27
Young Pioneer Looks
Forward to Jan. 9Th
Issue of the DAILY"

NEW YORK. Not only adult
workers but also workers children
are looking forward to the 24-page
tenth anniversary edition of the
Daily Worker, which will be issued on
Jan. 9Th.
The following letter is from a
young Pioneer living in Chicago.
Dear Conlrade Editor: We
would like to renew our sub for
the Daily Worker, but dad isn't
working just now. He is hat
operator and may go back to work
the middle Of January.
Because we have no money now
and would like to renew our sub,
am asking a favor of the Daily
Worker to continue our sub. L
am a young Pioneer. We find we
need the Daily Worker in the
house every day. We give the
Daily to the Negro janitor, and
he and his kids read it. I read
the Daily Worker is getting new
press, and so in honor 1 am sort
of drawing little cartoon that
I hope you print. It's about war.
The boss holds 1t in surprise for
the worker, but the worker with
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-12-27
WHAT'S ON

CELEBRATE TIE 10TH DAILY WORKER
Anniversary ON SATURDAY, DECEM-
BER 30 from p. N. to A. ~, at tho
Bronx Coliseum. SKI AID FOR PROGRAM
REGISTRATION Is now going on for the
Harlem Workers School. 400 W. l55th st.
Room 2lzB.
Wednesday
SUSAN WOUDRuFF, author and Lecturer.
viii give an illustrated lecture on MY
Second Visit to Soviet Russia" at 1911
Bergen St., Brooklyn. Auspices, ProsPscs
Park F.s.U.
N. j. oLcN viii speak on the History
Of the Soviet Union at the Labor Temple
Auditorium, i4th st. and and Ave. Aus
pieces FSU., N. z. District and Downtown
Br. This is the hrst Of q series Of I've
lectures Admission 25c.
SARAH RICE will speak on Women and
Children in the Soviet Union" st Broadway
Mansion, 200 E. Broadway, at $50 pm.
Auspices F.Su.
J. ARCH viii speak on "is Years Of Soviet
Russia's History at Labor Temple, 143 Z.
! saith st. at pm. Auspices, Yorkyille sr.
cLARrE. sO4 W. Ssth s.. Lecture n
French, ''Peut on organise Ia production
sous elm systemic eapitaliste" by Rene Bolne
at $50 pm.
OPEN FORUM At Tom Mooney Br. LID.
1903 E. 18th ST., Room 202. Speaker, PAID
Miller on Current Events.
Thursday
VETERANs' Mobilization Rally Of WORK
srs Exservicemen's League, Fost I, at so1
Z. 18th st. at pm
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-12-27
"The Throne OF The Gods"
And "Ddssan" At The Cameo

"The Throne OF The Gods" an
adventure film dealing with the
ascent of Jongsong, the highest
peaks of the Himalayas in Central
Asia, is the principal screen fea-
ture at the Cameo Theatre. On
the same program, the Cameo is
showing "Dassan," a visit to the
penguin island Of the same name.
Eddie Cantor's new film, "Ro-
man Scandals" screened from the
story by George S. Kaufman and
Robert Sherwood, is being pre-
sented by United Artists at Rivoli
Theatre. Others in the cast include
Ruth Etting, Gloria Stewart
David Manners and Verse Teasdale.
dale.
Greta Garbo's newest produc-
ton. Queen Christiana," Metro
Goldwyn picture, had its premiers
last night at the Astor Theatre,
S. N. Behrnan did the adaptation
and dialogue
John Gilbert, Ian Keith,
Lewis Stone and Elizabeth Young
are IN the supporting cast
The short subjects at the Trans
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-12-27
BY ESTHER LOWELL

Nothing to do in the little mill
town; so he took to the road.
Started with a little money but it
gave out long ago. At first I rode
buses, then hitch linked and rode the
freights. worked when could. Went
to Chicago and then west. Did a
little cafe work in Los Angeles. Work.
ed last baking for q relief station in
Houston, Texas.
1.-THE buns liked me. When they'd
come in and ask for food, I gave EN-
enough for two meals"
Did he never think of himself as
"bum"-nor of the other "bun1s"
as jobless workers like himself?
Missed some meals myself, not
many"
Guess some weren't always what
you wanted?"
"You bet not" he laughted wryly.
"But I never wrote home for money.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-12-27

I made up my mind when I left, I
never would ask them for money. But
once or twice l came mighty near it..
"There sure were a lot of folks on
the roads. Men and women, too, and
even some with children. Mostly
men on freights. I saw $50. ON one
train coming from Kentucky into
Tennessee" ..1.o.,
UOW did he avoid arrest2 Had a
III line with the cops and railway
dicks. s,o-
II was always trying to getrflome',"
he explained. They'd arrest others,
but somehow, they always let me co.
He had heard that the blanket mill
was running three eight-nour. shifts
now under NRA. Hoped he'd get
back his job. No organization mes
sage had ever reached him. .,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-12-27
5~Month Course
in Photography
to Begin Jan. 5

NEW YORK The Finn and Photo
League has announced a five month
course in elementary still photog-
raphy, to begin Friday evening, Jan.
S, 1884, which will cover the follow
ing topics: Study Of the camera
structure, light and sensitive ma
terial, taking of pictures, develop
ment, printing and enlarging, etc.
Each evening there will be dis
pission, lecture, and demonstration
! the entire Class, after which the
pup will split up into small study
b. oups of about ten, each group to
conduct its own set Of demonstra-
lions and experiments under the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-12-27
w - a +
WORL
The Tragedy of a Chow
By Michael Gold

HERE'S told friend who is house painter
past you know The
building New York. and
the repairs the old ones
occasionally the acketeers at our A. f. OF L.
OF their lobbygows for split
few crumbs An old buddy OF
and then does contracting on small
etobs. he helper, the break
something good job to paint 4oo
country Wall Street big shot, One those
quarengs antique furniture and iron
palace out Of Sears Roebuck
around lot directing
idle time They get sick OF movies motor
ing, beauty parlors, husbands and boozing
painters them thrill They like
O chatter at us all day.
bride; habby and calcomined
Hollywood bum trying put on the ritz
fory-year old app selfish She claims to be
something that's just abi for azness guess
She looks beefy enough
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-12-27
Stage and Screen
"THe WoOdeH Slipper and
"OLiUer Oliver" To Be offered
Here By WiHdR

Two new productions are an
nounced for next week by Dwight
Deere Wiman. They are THE
Wooden Slippers" a comedy BY
amson Raphaelson, with Dorothy
Hall, Ross Alexander, Cecil a
Lotus and Montague Love, which
will open at the Ritz Theatre on
Jan. /, and "Oliver Oliver" a
comedy by Paul Osborn, which is
scheduled for the Playhouse on
Thursday, Jan. 4. Alexandra Car
Isle, Ann Andrews, Tom Chalmers
and Bretaigne head the cast Of
"Oliver Oliver"
Pierre Watkin, Fred Formsn,
Philip Huston, Hiida Spong and
Constance Mckay will play i'm
portant roles in Whatever Pos
sessed Her." the farce by Hard
wick Nevin, which is due on
Broadway in January.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-12-27

village we're being recruited for the
New Kuznetsk Steel Plant He
jumped at the chance. He doesn't
know why, he says. He just wanted
to see. And he chose a hard job at
the beginning. Where the heat
rises above the coke ovens. He
opened the small doors over the
ovens so the Charging Larry
could feed coal to the flames. Six
months later he was promoted to
the gas tanks. He watches the
pressure, shuts off the valves, he
has responsible work now. Yurov
is on the way to mastering tech
nique.
Two blast furnaces at Kuznetsk
are pouring steel now. A third will
be ready before this is in print,
For the fourth, which is being built,
skilled men are being trained. Yu-
rov is one of them. When he COM
pleteS his courses he will be in
charge Of a brigade in Blast Fur
mace No. 4.
L AAOF GtAAIlCo lOlI llOuAo eeAA
evenings, 10 days a month.
isn't this bit too much?" we
ask. Seven hours a day over the
hot ovens, and then four hours at
night in school is no cinch.
We'll" says Yurov, my work
leaves me 16 hours a day I can
easily spare four of them"
Does he like it here better than
in the village? He answers that
without hesitation.
In the village his hours were
never certain. No. his meals. He
fixed windows, repaired boots.
Sometimes he ate, and often he
missed meals. Now he knows how
many hours of work he has He
can study. He eats three fun meals
a day. And he looks as If he could
enjoy them A healthy color to red
cheeks, in a head rising above two
broad shoulders.
What's Faseism?
Only one thing bothers him. He
reads the foreign news alright.
But this question Of Fascism. Just
what is it2 He knows in general
What it is. He knows it is mo
friend VI his" But he is now liv-
ing under 2 workers government
and all this SENS so far away.
OF course, he 10 no Party mem
Der. wait till I know more about
it," he says. He's mastering years
of technique crowded into only a
few months. When he has that
"by the TAIL" then he'll study This
question of politics which is both
ering him a lot.
Yorov has a wife and three
year-old boy. He says there's nc
sense in going back to his village.
Yurov udarnik at the Coke
Ovens of the New KuznetSk steel
plant named after Stain, is leap
ing over a couple of hundred years
. of human progress in a few years.
Yurov is now marching towards So
cialism.
Go Be Continued
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-12-27

Rush your orders for the Jan. 6
Tenth Anniversary issue of the
Daily Worker. "a Pages. The big
gest and best Daily Worker in the
history of our paper.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-12-27
United Front Supporters Aid
Party Training School

NEW YORK. United Front
Supporters raised $40 for the Com
nluniSt Party National Training
School at q house party held Dec.
Is. The same group has contrib
uted sS7 to the sustaining fund Of
the Workers Center, and has ordered
800 copies Of the special annGver-
sary edition Of the Daily Worker.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-12-27
TONIGHTs PROGRAMS
WEAF-660 Kc.

700 P. NJ Shirley Howard, Songs; Testers
Trio
7:l5-Biny Bachelor-5ketch
7:30--Lum and Abner
7:45-The Goldbergs--Sketch
8:0o-Bert Lahr, Comedian; Olsen Orch.
8:30-Wayns King Orch.
9:00-Troubadours Orch; Kay Francis,
Actress
9:30-Phil Duey, Baritone; Reisman Orch
10:o0-Hillbilly Music
l0:3o-National Forum
1100-Elkins Orch.
li:l5-Jesters Trio
11:30-Bestor Orch.
12.00-Harris Orch
1880 A. M-sosnick Orch.
WOR-710 Kc
700 p. M-Sports--Ford Prick
7:15-News-Gabriel Heater
7:30-Terry and Ted-Sketch
7:45-Talk--Harry Hershfield
8.00--Detectives Black and Blue--Mystery
Drama
8:l5-Billy Jones and Ernie Hare, Songs
8:so-Handers Oratorio-The Messiah
9.20-Paulne Albert, Piano
8:3o-Dorothy Miller, Garfield Swift, Songs;
Shackley Orch.
10:00--De Marco Girls; Frank Sherry, Tenor
10:l5-Current Events-Harlan Eugene Read
10:30-Dance Orch.
11:00--Weather Report
11:02-Moonbeams Trio
i1:30-Scotti Orch.
12:00--Martin Orch.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-12-27

Lux Theatre this week include
Glove in Tents" a Smith and
Dale comedy; Rubinof and his
orchestra with Jean Sargent; a
silly Symphony cartoons pied
Pipe :" The newreel includes
Headlines of 1888" and other
news items.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-12-27
WABC-860 Ke. /:

700 r. M.--Myrt and Marge ~
7:i5-,Iust Plain Bill-Sketch
7:30--Travelers Ensemble
7:45-News--Boake Carter ae.-sr...
8:o0-Green Orch; Men About Town Trio
viyien Ruth, Songs
8.15-News--Edwin G. Hill 49,
8:30--Albert Spaiding, Violin; Cdptad Thi-
bault, Baritone; VOORHEES, Orch.
g:00-Phila delpha Orch. -
e.l5-5toopnagie and Budd, Comedians
Vera Van, Contralto; Renard Orch.
e:3o--Lombardo Orch; Burns and Allen
Comedy $3.50
10.00-Waring Orch.
1030--News Reports
l0:45-Warnow Orch; Gertrude. sNiesen
Songs .r
11:l5-Mcdern Male Chorus e.rtn
1l:30-Nelson Orch
i2.00-Little Orch. ..
1880 A. M.--Hall Orch.
1:0o-Redman Orch. esae r'
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-12-27

INSIDE STORY Of thu scottsboro TriAis
by Joseph Brodsky on Friday, Dec. 90 q
Rand School, Z. 18th St. Auspices, N p
District LID. Tickets zoe IN advances al
Workers Book Shop, SO 2. 18th st., LID.
$40 Broadway, Rand Book shop, 2. isth
Street
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-12-27
t TUNING IN
WJZ--76O Kc :

w Il UU IAJ
200 T. M.-Amos m Andy
7:t5-John Herrick, Songs 90
7:30-Potash and Perlmutter lr. ,sNtr
7:45-Hollywood-1ren Rich
800-Silent Bombshell-Sketch :
8:3o-Dangerous Paradise-Sketch -,
8:45-Red Davis-Sketch s.5s-.
9.0o-warden Lewis e. Lawes in 20, 900
Years in Sing Sing-Sketch; Sing Sing
Prison Band
9:30-Coneers Orch.
l0:00-Egon Petri, Piano; Symphony Orch
I1:Oo-Anthony Frome, Tenor
11:3o-Madriguera Orch.
l2:Oo-MoIlna Orch.
1888 A. M.-Scoti orch.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-12-27
ThursdGg

VETERANs' Mobillzation rally q Wors-
srs advertisements League, Fost I, ct so1
Z. 18th st. at 3 pm.
Evening star., 1933-02-12
INsTALLMENT XVII.

A FTER dinner was eaten and the
~ dishes washed and wiped, Car
"A roll went to her room She was
L extremely hungry. as Miss
NEoor. toJ ind,1lCod II, doli-
Evening star., 1933-02-12

lie notice In bliatering speech he
demanded the truth. Il think MIR.
Roosevelt now should tell the American
people whether this Is true or false?
- Is Mr.. Bullitt his representatives"
The President t-elect did not keep the
Senator waiting. He promptly dis
avowed Bullitt and all his works. Col.
House likewise disclaimed responsibility.
Bullitt, proceeding from London to the
continent, declined to comment"
Saw French Premier.
In the French capital "the supposed
spokesman" for the next President had
conferred with Joseph Paul -Boncour,
then premier Subsequently he was In
Berlin and Vienna. The old familiar
air of mystery surrounded his activities
The impression prevailed that he was
having "a glorious time" When re-
porters asked what he was doing he
said: Skiing"
Meanwhile Senator Robinson was de-
manding his arrest under the Logan act.
an old law forbidding negotiations be-
tween private citizen and foreign gov
ernments. The State Department made
inquiry Of three American Ambassadors
and one Minister abroad. They gave
Bullitt clean bill of health.
The suggestion was offered that, after
all. the young man might be merely
following his personal hobby. Another
proposed explanation was that he had
been promised Diplomatic appointment
and was engaged In q tour of inspection
in preparation for duties to be assumed
after March 4. It was rumored that
he would be named Minister to Austria
obviously, one guess was as reasonable
as another.
Bullitt sailed from Cherbourg for New
York on Friday. Today he is far out at
sea. The same may be said for those
who have been trying to understand
him, endeavoring to read the riddle of
his mysterious career.
Evening star., 1933-02-12
Navy News

The places on the General Board of
the Navy of Rear Admirals Jehu v.
Chase and Frank H. Schofield. who
were placed on the retired list of the
naval establishment on February 1. on
account OF age. will not be filled until
a1ter the advent Of the new administra-
ton. Incident to the transfer to the
retired List February of Rear Admirals
Chase and Schofield, Comdr. William F..
Newton, upon his own application after
5O years service, and Lieut.. Edwin F..
Bllson. on account of physical disabil-
lty, the following officers became due
for promotion:
Capts. Alfred w. johnson and Fred
erick j. Horne, Condrs. Russell s.
Crenshaw and Warren G. Child, Lieut..
Comdrs. Ellis M. zacharias, Clarence
Guibranson and Donald F. Patterson,
Lleuts. William =. Sample. Charles E.
Olsen and Logan G. Ramsey, and
Lieuts. (Junior Grade) John M Ken
naday, Philip M. Boltz, Thomas H.
Templeton and Edwin r. Wilkinson.
The completion next Wednesday of
the U. g.. s. Portland. 10.000-ton cruiser,
will mark the tenth cruiser unit to be
completed of the authorized program of
IL heavy cruisers. Five other vessels
of this class the U. 8. s. New Orleans,
Astoria, Minneapolis, Tuscaloosa and
the San Francisco, are under course of
construction. The keel of the sixteenth
cruiser unit, the u S. s. Quincy, can
not be laid down, under the terms of
the treaty, until after March !, while
the seventeenth and eighteenth cruiser
units cannot be laid down before 1884
and 1885, respectively. In addition to
Capt. Herbert F. Ieary, U. 8. NJ, who
will command the Portland when COM
missioned. the officers assigned to this
vessel include Comdrs. G.. N Barker and
A. Loder, Lieut. Comdrs. r. T. Darrow,
1. F. Stafford and o. z. Grimm, Lieuts.
G: A. Hawkins, r. D. Bell, E. Kiehl, O..
Chadwick, s. Lindsay, ]. E. M. Wood,
J. H. Brady and T. s. Thorne, Lieuts.
(Junior Grade) A. N. Perkins, C. L. Lee,
D. L. Day, F. A. Davisson, c. Jackson,
r. w. Smith, G. M Richardson. L. w.
Nilon, G. L. Freeman and S. B. Per-
reault, Ensigns w. H. McClain, j. G..
Lang, E. K: Wakefield, P. T. Smith, jr::
F. J. Brush, John Cory, T. D. F. Ian
@. z. Pierce, G. F. Rice and ]. M.
Clement, Chief Boatswain c. A. Dannen-
mann, Chief Gunner H. Bullinger.
Chief Electrician F. E. Szehner, Chief
Radio Electrician M. E. Rothenberg,
Chief Machinists j. ]. Oettinger, j.
Hauser and C. M Leslie, Chief Carpen-
ter j.. Conboy and Chief Pay Clerks
r. I. Baxter and NJ Grauel. Staff Of
ficers assigned to the Portland include
Lieut.. Comdr. W. o. Manning CMedical
Corps, Lieut.. Comdr c. E. Sandgren
(Supply Corps and Lieut.. (Junior
Grade) r. A. Lowry Dental Corps).