davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chapel Hill weekly., 1933-03-17

the population are immunized
against diptheria and other dis
eases in a given year; only 81
per cent Of city children and only
81 per cent Of rural children
have had a physical examination
before their sixth birthday. In
general. poor people do not re-
ceive the attention they need
from hospitals and physicians.
Statistics Of the income Of
physicians shows that savings
cannot be fairly made at their
expense. The committee found
that this income was made
Quate and unstable" There are
some well-to-do physicians. but
q far greater number are poorly
rewarded for their labors. One
third Of the country's 10000
general practitioners had net in
comes of less than $4,000 in
1929, the peak year of prosper
ity. The committee says: Ger
tainly no solution of the prob
lem Of medical costs can be
reached through a reduction in
the average Of professional in
comes
There is no prospect that the
total expenditures upon hospital
service can be cut down. With
the advance Of medical science,
the equipment Of hospitals must
undergo constant expansion and
improvement.
Many methods Of group pay
ment have been tried.
Under a plan inaugurated by
the Medical Society Of Mil
waukee County in Wisconsin a
Joint medical and lay board en-
rolls individuals who pay regular
monthly dues, based upon in
come, in return for medical ser
vices. The subscribers to the
fund exercise free choice Of
physicians. The purpose is to
take care Of high-cost Illnesses
Medical service is provided for
the 10000 employees Of the
Endicott-Johnson Corporation,
shoe manufacturer, at a cost Of
something like 100000 a year.
The company sets aside for this
service about fourth OF ! per
cent upon every pair Of shoes
manufactured.
An example of payment by
an employee group is found IN
an association in Baton Rouge,
La, Complete medical, hospital,
and nursing service is provided
to all members of the group at
a per capita cost of 50 per
month.
The report tells of an organ
lied medical service at Roanoke
Rapids, n. c., financed jointly
by employers and employees.
Here, in the year for which the
committee got the facts, the en-
ployees paid 25 cents each a
The Chapel Hill weekly., 1933-03-17

week, or S13 year, a total Of
S33,0 in a year, and the en-
ployers contributed $4,000.
In Los Angeles clinic offers
complete medical services except
for dentistry and nursing, TO
groups with a total Of 5000 per-
sons who pay 81 per month each.
1t is conducted under Joint pro-
fessional and consumer sponsor
ship, and representatives of the
groups confer with represent
atives of the clinic to consider
matters Of mutual interest.
The Baker Memorial Unit Of
the Massachusetts General Hos
pital treats patients Of moderate
means. at reduced charges un-
der an agreement between the
members of the hospital staff
and the trustees of the hospital
with respect to both the profes-
sional and the hospital charges.
A form Of organized medical
service under community spon-
sorship is seen in public health
nursing organizations which,
besides providing public health
nursing service for community
groups, give bedside nursing,
paid for by the taxpayers for
indigents and paid for by fees
for those who are able to pay.
In Saskatchewan, Canada, in
certain sparsely settled areas,
physicians are supported partly
by taxes.
The Baylor University Hos
pital Of Dallas, Texas, renders
medical service to large insured
groups at S6 per patient per
year.
In Great Britain voluntary
mot gOvernment insurance for
hospital care has been expand
ed in recent years until it now
covers about 100000 people.
The committee submits what
it regards as a satisfactory
medical program. These six
basic essentials are set down:
Il. The plan must safeguard
the quality Of medical service
and preserve the essential per-
sonal relation between patient
and physician.
'2. 1t must provide for the
future development of prevent
i've and therapeutic services in
such kinds and amounts as will
meet the needs of substantially
all the people and not merely
their present effective demands.
"3. 1t must provide services
on financial terms which the
people can and will meet, with
out undue hardship, either
through individual or collective
resources.
"a. There should be full ap-
plication of existing knowledge
to the prevention of disease, SO
that all medical practice will be
The Chapel Hill weekly., 1933-03-17

and therapeutic, should be fur
nished largely by organized
groups Of physicians. dentists,
nurses. pharmacists, and other
associated personnel. Such
groups should be organized. pref
erabIy around hospital, for rem
dering complete home. office,
and hospital care. The form Of
organization should encourage
the maintenance Of high stan
dards and the development or
preservation Of a personal rela-
tion between patient and physi-
clan"
The recommendation with re-
spect to group payment for med
zeal services is '~tffIac the costs Of
medical care be placed on a
group payment basis, through
the Use Of insurance, through
the use Of taxation, or through
the use Of both these methods.
This is not meant to preclude the
continuation Of medical service
provided on an individual fee
basis for those who prefer the
present method. Cash benefits,
j. e.. compensation for wage
loss due to illness, if and when
provided, should be separate and
distinct from medical services. "
The committee amassed a
large volume Of information
about the hospitals in the
United States. and their admin
istrators and employees the
number Of physicians and den
lists and nurses and pharnla-
cists, and their earnings; the
income Of American families
and the distribution. among sew
eial income groups, Of the eX-
penditures for medical care.
In 1929 the total expenditure
of the American people for med
ical care (hOspital service, phys
icians, dentists, nurses, drugs
was $3.50, 100000, about 4 per
cent Of the nations income, OF
about $50 per capita. One half
Of the expenditures was for i'll
nesses treated in hospitals. The
average cost Of q hospital case
is $140.
The uueren distribution Of
the costs of medical care is a
fact upon which the committee
lays hea@sy emphasis. As DR..
w. S. Rankin, of the Duke En-
doWment, said recently in an ad-
dress in Greensboro, here Is
the crux Of the problem Of medi-
cal economics" Eighty per cent
of American families with in
comes Of less than 81, 200 have
annual medical charges Of
$50 or less; 3.5 per cent of
these families pay medical
charges ranging from $3.50 to
$500 The total charges of the
80 per cent are about equal to
the total charges of the 3.5 per
cent. IF these lower-income
families had even average
charges of from $75 to 500 a
year per family" says DR.. Ran
kin, land if these costs We're, in
their nature, predictable, bud
getable, the families might get
by, but the cost of sickness does
not fall evenly upon family
groups. This is the factor-the
distribution Of the costs OF
medical care, rather than the
average cost per family--that
makes the problem one that de.
mands relief.
Of families with annual in
comes of between $1,000 anC
$4,000, we find that 70 per cent
paid "a per cent of the tota
medical bill for that group, anc
S per cent paid 32 per cent Of
The Chapel Hill weekly., 1933-03-17

faced by the risk Of having its
savings Of years wiped out by
hospital and doctors and nurs-
es' bills incurred within a period
Of a few weeks or a few months
This is d depl0rable st&te Of
affairs, and civilization that
permits Il to continue disgraces
itself. Life insurance has long
been accepted as one Of society s
most essential institutions. Life
insurance is nothing more OF
less than the distribution. over
large number of people, Of the
cost Of relieving the financial
distress that follows upon the
death Of he Garner in a family.
Surely similar distribution OF
the cost Of severe illness is Just
a. logical and desirable
OF course there is the familiar
health insurance plan Of the
commercial type. bat this. be-
cause Of its high cost and for
other reasons, is not a solution
of the problem
The Committee on the Costs
Of Medical Care was organized
in 1927. II consisted Of a phys
icians, dentists, 2 nurses, !
pharmacist, and 18 persons not
connected with the medical pro
fession or hospitals; among
these IS laymen were economists
and representatives Of govern
ment, business, and labor. The
committees inquiry. which last
ed five years, was financed by
grants, to total Of S750,0O0
from the Carnegie Corporation,
the Rockefeller Foundation, the
julius Rosenwald Fund, and
other foundations. Other work
of an inycstigatiVe character
was carried on at d cost Of more
than $3.50, 900. in cooperation
with the committee by the
American Medical Association
the American Dental Assocla-
ton, the United States Public
Health Service, and the Metro
politan Life Insurance Company
The members Of the commit
tee were men Of the highest
standing in The medical profes-
sion and in public admlnlstra-
ton. business, and labor, and
economics. Of the "a physician
members IA were engaged III
private practice, 4 in institution
al work, and 4 in public health
work one was the editor Of the
Nelr EnQldnd Medlc0l Joufnal
and one. the chairman, DR.. Ray
Lyman Wilbur, was in public
administration.
The final majority report OF
the committee, was signed by 35
of the 48 members the prlnclpa
minority report was signed by 9
there was a second minority re
port signed by 2 members, 9
third by ! member, and 9
fourth by ! member.
When the term Committed Is
used hereaf ter III TINS eultOfla
it means the majority of the
committee, and the term com
mittee's report" means the ma
jority report.
Of the five major recommend
ations of the committee, there
are two from which the minor
ity groups do not dissent. These
call for (1) the strengthening OF
public health services and (2)
the continued improvement o.
the training Of physicians, den
lists, pharmacists, nurses, mid
| wives, and hospital and clinic
administrators. There is abso
Lutte unanimity of opinion upol
these two recommendations.
With the third the minorit,
"orroo tn come extent" Thi,
Smyrna times., 1933-09-27
DEL-N. ]. BRIDGE
TALK REVIVED
Advocates of Span or Tunnel
Across River From Will
mingtOn Seek Funds
ASK s12,OOO,OOO OF NRA

An effort will be made to have
the proposed Delaware New Jer-
sey bridge, or tunnel built under
the financial benevolence of the
MIRA. The only retarding factor,
of course, is permission of Con-
gress but the Wilmingtonians who
have worked for the proposed
bridge are optimistic that they
can now persuade Congress as to
the advisability of the bridge. Es-
Inmates made by expert bridge en-
gineers several years ago put the
approximate cost Of a bridge
across the Delaware, from a point
near Wilmington to the Jersey
side, near Deepwater Point, at
100000. A tunnel project, due
to greater engineering difficulties
and equipment Of a permanent
character for supplying air, etc.
would cost somewhat more. The
project probably would require
three or four years, depending
upon the amount of labor used on
the construction. Plans for both
types of work, bridge and tunnels,
are already available, and would
need only minor revisions it was
learned. It was admitted by some
that quietly some Investigations
have already been made as to the
filing of application for the bridge
or tunnel to the Federal Public
Works Administration. Objections
from a war hazard standpoint
raised by the War and Navy De
partment several years ago vir-
tually disappeared.
Smyrna times., 1933-09-27

146TH JUBILEE
Old Methodist Chapel Found
ed in 1857 and Rebuilt i'm
1S47 Marks Anniversary
PROGRAM NEXT SUNDAY

Blackiston's, Sept. 27.-The An
niversary of Blackiston Church
will be held next Sunday, October
1, at 2.30 p. m. Rev. G. W..
Strickland, pastor of Clayton M
E. Church, will preach the sermon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Arthur Wilson Of
Wilmington, singing evangelists,
with the cooperation Of the choirs
of Clayton, Millington, and Ken
ton Churches will render the mu-
sic. Rev. A. w. Goodhand, pastor
of Millington, will give the invo-
cation and the benediction.. Black
iston Chapel was erected in 1887,
the land being given by Benjamin
Blackiston. The original church
was forty by sixty feet, and was
erected from designs furnished by
Bishop Asbury. It was for a
number of years the largest in
size on the Peninsula, exceeding
Barrett's Chapel. The old church
UclN' AAOftA away Ii lCtA dAA Liz
present building erected in its
place. This is much smaller than
the original Chapel, being twenty
five by thirty feet, and valued at
fifteen hundred dollars. In the
old graveyard is buried Rev. John
Asay, an elder in the church, who
died in 1855. Blackiston Chapel
was originally part of Smyrna
Circuit. Later, it was united with
Millington, still later with Kenton,
and, within more recent years,
was made a part of Clayton
Charge. The modern changes
which have operated to weaken so
many once fourishing rural
churches. the motor-car. surfaced
roads. the death or retirement of
supporters, changes in the char
acter of the rural population,
have made it apparently impossi-
bic to continue the long and hon
orable activity of this church, but
the friends Of old Blackiston will
welcome this opportunity to wor-
ship together, once more, within
her walls.
Smyrna times., 1933-09-27
HINTS VETO ON
TREASURY RAID
Governor Buck Intends To
Keep Special Session To
Purposes of His Call
LEADERS SUPPORT HIM

It propose to keep the business
Of the coming special session of
the General Assembly within the
confines of the purposes for which
it was called in this emergency"
declared Governor g. Douglass
Buck when interviewed at his
home early this week regarding
reports the session will be deluged
with bills of all descriptions.
Many bills planned for presenta-
tion, it is reported, constitute
nothing more than a bold bid to
raid the State treasury, a step
strongly opposed by present ad-
ministration leaders. In light of
the Governors statement it is TAX
en- for granted that such attemps
would only result in bringing about
use of the executive veto or de-
feat in the Republican controlled
Senate, leaders of which are I'M
derstood to be solidly back of the
Governor in confining the special
session legislation to the purpose
of the call. The harm done would
be largely in dragging out the
session for thirty days or more,
when normally, if restricted to the
business outlined, it could be ad-
journed, it is said, within a few
days, thus saving taxpayers
money. Faced with the necessity
of legislative action in order that
the State and its various county
and municipal units, may obtain
the benefits of the Public Works
Administration under the Nation
al Recovery Act, Governor Buck
on September 16, last, issued q
proclamation calling the Legisla-
ture into special session Wednes-
day, October 18. Legislation out
lined by the Governor for the con-
sideration of the special session
was specified as one creation of
debt on behalf of the State to Sc
cure benefits of Federal NRA pro-
gram; two, to enact legislation to
provide necessary funds and au-
thority to carry out program, and
three, to confirm officials appoint
ed by the Governor since adjourn
ment of last meeting of State Sen
ate. Since the issuance of the pro-
clamation reports of a flood of
bills, many of a nature totally for
eign to the purposes specified by
the Governor, have been circulat-
ed.
Smyrna times., 1933-09-27
HIGH
SCHOOL NEWS
Pupils Have Their Teeth,
TOnsils and Eyes Examined
by State Board of Health
ATHLETIC SPORTS BEGIN

Representatives of the State
Board of Health examined the pu-
pills enrolled in Smyrna Schools
during the past week. The pur-
pose of the examination was ito
make discovery of defective teeth,
tonsils, and eyes. Wherever such
defects are found a card is made
out and taken to the home by the
pupil On this card are listed the
physical defects which should re-
ceive immediate attention. After
corrections have been made, the
card is signed and returned to the
school authorities. It is most i'm
portant that parents and guard
ians give this matter serious con-
sideration. Pupils will not be able
to do their most efficient work if
Handicapped by defective teeth,
tonsils or vision. We therefore
ask that the parents cooperate to
the fullest extent in this matter
The teachers of the English de-
partment have submitted, at the
request of the superintendent, a
list of approximately two hundred
titles to new books to be purchas-
ed for the school library. Bids
will be received on these books,
after which they will be purchased
and placed in the library at the
earliest date possible.-The public
schools have opened the school
bank department and are cooper
ating with the two local banks in
trying to encourage the habit of
thrift, which should be one of the
cardinal principles of a child's ed
ucation. The banking results for
Monday, September 25, are as fol-
lows: Number of pupils in attend
ance, 1856; number of depositors,
95; amount deposited, S61.52; to-
tai amount deposited so far this
year, S120.42.- Two athletic con-
tests will be held on Smyrna High
Athletic Field this week. The
girls volleyball team will meet
Middletown girls on Wednesday
and New Castle boys soccer team
will meet Smyrna team on Fri
day at Smyrna. The public is
cordially invited to come out and
attend these contests. Games will
be called at 400 p. m. sharp-The
Assembly Program which was
given yesterday (Tuesday), Sep
tember 26, by the Natural Science
Club was in charge of Miss Rog-
ers. Mr. Goodrich, the Assistant
State Forester, spoke on Forestry
in Delaware.
Smyrna times., 1933-09-27
DEATH RECORD OF WEEK
DIR. James S. Cobb, For 40 Years
a Prominent Clayton Practitioner

DIR. James S. Cobb, aged 81
years, one of the best known phy-
sicians in rural Delaware, died at
the Kent General Hospital in Do
yer, early Thursday morning. He
had been in failing health for
months. For some weeks he was
in the Kent General Hospital at
Dover but recently returned to his
home in Clayton, only to go back
to the hospital again in a few
days. Useful as a citizen, always
interested in the development of
his home town and community, his
death removes not only a loyal
citizen but an ardent Democratic
Party leader and worker. He new
er, however, cared for political Of
flee. DR.. Cobb had practiced his
profession in Clayton and vicinity
for more than forty years. In ad-
dition to his Clayton Office he at
one time also had an Office at
Odessa. He was a graduate of
Georgetown University, Washing
ton, d. C. He was a member of
the staff of the Kent General Hos
pital and a member of the State
and County Medical Societies. He
had been a director of the Clayton
Bank since its organization was
founded. DR.. Cobb was born in
CONTINUED on Page Four)
Smyrna times., 1933-09-27
NOTED JURIST IN STATE
Chief Justice Charles Evans
Hughes Visits New Castle

Hon. Charles Evans Hughes of
the u. S. Supreme Court, and Mrs
Hughes en- route from Washington
to New York in their automobile,
were visitors at New Castle Sun
day afternoon. They stopped at
the Old Court House Tea Room
for dinner. Chief Justice Hughes
and his wife are greatly interested
in the history conn acted with New
Castle and vicinity This is the
second time within a few months
that the chief justice with his wife
has visited there. They spent con-
siderable time visiting points of
historic interest and on a previous
visit viewed several of the old
Colonial dwellings. The place in
which they dined was one of the
places where the Colonial Assem-
bly, met and also is the oldest
court house in the United States.
Smyrna times., 1933-09-27
WHEAT FARMERS NUMBER 626
TO SIGN WHEAT CONTROL PLAN

county, representing 17,105 acres.
In Kent county there were 2S6
applicants, representing 11,843
acres, and IL applications from
Sussex county, representing 293
acres. The average size of the
wheat farms in the three counties
is as follows: New Castle, so acres
Kent, 40 acres, and Sussex, less
than Is acres. Numerous wheat
farms in this State are so small
that it would be worthless for
them to go into the control plan.
Most of these produce only
enough grain for home consump-
tion. In spite of this, the owners
nominally complied with the
provisions of the contract without
receiving a single cent of the re-
muneration the government gives
signers. Monday at midnight was
the deadline for signing
Smyrna times., 1933-09-27
DOVER AIRPORT
is DEDICATED
20 Thousand Witness Event
in Honor of Harold E. Nc
MahOn, Who Lost His Life
WIDOW OF PILOT TALKS

Many from Smyrna, Clayton,
Kenton and vicinities joined the
10000 or more from all parts of
the state at Dover Saturday and
Sunday to witness the program of
events and the dedication of the
Dover Airport which fittingly was
named in honor of the memory of
Harold E. Mcmahon, who lost his
life recently when his plane ex-
ploded while enroute from At
lantic City to Washington and he
plunged with it into the Leipsic
bog. The field dedicated will be
known in the future as the Harold
E. Mcmahon Flying Field. At the
formal dedication which took
place at one o'clock Saturday the
exercises were presided over by L.
d. Shank, city manager of Dover,
who in a few chosen words intro
duced Mrs. Amanda Mcmahon,
widow of the aviator in whose
honor the airport is named. Mr..
Mcmahon plunged to his death
near Leipsic where his plane and
body are still buried in the marsh
Mrs. Mcmahon in her dedicatory
address said: 1--WE are gathered
here today that we may pay hom-
age to a real flyer, that we may
perpetuate his name, that we may
continue his work. In his passing
may we find inspiration to strive
for that goal of perfection in his
chosen calling" She lauded his
achievements to advance flying
and drew a lesson from the man
ner of his passing, pointing to the
dangers confronted by airmen and
then spoke word of praise for
the Dover airport. 1T is our
prayer" she concluded, that no
accidents may ever mar this beau
tiful landing field and 7 hereby
dedicate it Harold E. Mcmahon
Airport and here is to a happy
landing" The Kent County Band
furnished music. Following her
address stunting exhibitions were
given and boys airplane models
shown followed by a concert by
the Ferris Industrial School Band.
Saturday night the Delaware Ma
tional Guard Searchlight Battery
gave a demonstration under the
direction Of Captain J. B. Moore
Continued From Page One)
Smyrna times., 1933-09-27
DAIRYMEN OF
STATE UNITE
Purpose Is To Advance GEN
eral Welfare of Industry
and Improve Conditions
so ENROLL AT DOVER

Dairymen from all parts of the
State TO the number of more than
100 gathered in the Kent County
court room in Dover, Thursday
night for the purpose of organiz-
ing the dairymen of the State pur-
suant to plans adopted at a meet
ing last week at Newark when a
committee was appointed to draft
a constitution and bylaws. The
meeting was presided over by DIR.
c. G. Palmer, director of the De
partment of Animal Husbandry at
the University of Delaware, with
Professor T. A. Baker, also of the
department, acting as secretary.
The object of the organization, as
stated in the bylaw is: ITO adj
vance the general welfare of the
dairy industry, especially by pro
noting improved methods of pro-
ducing, manufacturing, distribut-
ing and marketing of milk or milk
products. The securing of proper
legislation for the best interests
of the industry and cooperation
with other organizations having
similar objects shall be considered
as necessary functions of the as
sociation." Prior to the adoption
of the bylaws a discussion ensued
as to whether the organization
would conflict with the Interstate
Milk Producers Association and 1T
was decided there would be no
conflict and the bylaws were
adopted. The organization was
launched with the following offic-
ers: President, George Green,
Newark: vice-president for New
Castle county, Wilson E. Price, of
Kirkwood; for Kent county, L. D.
Caulk, of Woodside; Sussex coun-
ty. w. H. Thompson, Lewes; sec
retary-treasurer, Prof. T. a. Bak-
er, Newark