davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19
WOARRESTSIN
 ! THE KIDNAPPING
 OF OLD BANKER
Taken in St Louis and One Has Been Positively Identified as One of the AbductOrs

St Louis, July 19-(UP)-Two men, one of whom has been posi- lively and completely" identified as one of the abductors. were held by department of justice agents to- day in. the Kidnapping of August Luer, 77-year-old banker, who was released near Collinsville early hast Sunday Percy Michael Fitz- gerald, an ex-convict, was charged with violation of the federal kid- naping law. A man identified as an associate of Fitzgerald, was ar rested to-day and held suspected Of the Kidnapping of August Luer." Federal agents. while refusing to reveal who made the identifica- tion, said that Fitzgerald had been positively identified as one of the three abductors-two men and a woman-who dragged the banker fron, his home and held him cap hive for five days in g "coid, dark underground cell" As the H. iinois law provides the death pen alty for Kidnapping for ransom. Federal authorities may turn Fitz- gerald over to authorities in that state, Under a federal warrant, they said.- extradition from Mis- souri will not be necessary.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19
PRESIDENT IS CON FINED TO
 ROOM TO-DAY
Slight Illness Will Keep
 Him From Duties-Ex= {, poets to Greet Italian
 Fleet Thur sday

Washington, July 19.-(UP)-- The slight illness President Roose. welt suffered on his weekend cruise down the Potomac kept him in his room again to-day,
 Dr Mcintyre of the navy de- partment. suggested that the presi- dent stay in for another "A hours. As the president postponed until Friday a luncheon which he was scheduled to give this noon for Prince Rasdemtu of Ethiopia, son. in-law of the emperor.
 At the White House it was said that the slight illness of the presi- dent was not expected to interfere with luncheon plans tomorrow for Gen Italo Balbo, chief of Italys air armada.
 Tn the quiet of the executive mansion study, MT Roosevelt went over detials of the industrial re- covery program and also those relating to veterans compensations. He trimmed his calling list to a minimum and expected to see only a few persons.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19
VETS SMASHED
 THEIR WAY INTO
 SOUTHERN ZONE
They Captured Alabama and Arkansas Which Had Been Considered Regular Dry Fortresses
tBy the United Press,

The drive to end Americas 13- year experiment with national prohibition smashed into the hith- erto bone-dry south to-day, when Alabama and Arkansas added their sanctions to repeal of the eighteenth amendment.
 Eighteen states have now voted for repeal. Eighteen more are needed. Seventeen states have set election dates for this year. Three more, watching the sweep or the anti-prohibition wave. have signi. fled their intentions to vote If necessary to carry out the demo-. cratic administrations program"
 Alabama and Arkansas, on the basis of incomplete returns. aban- doned their traditional support of prohibition by ratio of three 10 two.
 (Continued on Page 4.)
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19

Local authorities advised tAe Waterbury Democrat represet1t- ative this morning that every effort would be made to identify Tom asaitis as the former companion of Miss Delinkaitis and if neces- sary merchants and store clerks will be taken to Waterbury for. that purpose. Despite her present attitude however, the authorities maintain the belief, at least the hope, that Miss Delinkaitis will finally make the admission that Tomasaitis is her long sought com-s panion.
 Federal authorities are to-day making a careful check of the spu- rious bank notes found on Tom asaitis at Waterbury and those which were passed on at least score of merchants in northern Vermont.
 The representative of the Wa terbury Democrat interviewed Miss Delinkaitis at the county jail. this morning. Her attitude is that, ap-. parently, of being pleased that she has the authorities guessing"
 (Continued on Page 8.)
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19
TAVERN OWNERS OF HARTFORD TO
 BATTLE PRICES

Hartford, Conn, July 19.-(UP) Tavern keepers of Hartford to- day proposed to follow the lead of those in New Britain and form an organization under which five cent beer would be abolished.
 The group of local owners met yesterday afternoon at the roof garden of the Aetna Brewery and discussed the "ethics" of their re- vived profession. They condemned the sale of beer for live cents a glass. and also expressed their feelings about restaurant owners who give beer free with meals. w. P. Kinary. who helped organize the taverns in New Britain. explained the plan followed there. Nearly all present agreed a fair profit could not be made unless 10 cents was charged for 10 ounce glass.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19
SEVEN TOWNS HAVE RABIES

Hartford, Conn, July 19.-(UP) Seven towns. reporting 36 cases of rabies, are under quarantine it was said at the state department of domestic animals today. Waterbury reported l2 cases, Bridgeport II, Stratford Monroe 5, Fairfield 2, Madison 2 and West Hartford l.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19
Ten Commandments Of
 New Roosevelt Deal Are,
 Revealed To The Public

4. Thou shalt not forget--my beloved country-that when thy price level is achieved the next layer on the road to prosperity is stabiiization.
 5. Thou shalt not make gold thy God but thy servant.
 6. Thou shalt not permit unem- ployment of thy people. 2. Thou shalt not fail to manage we'll and rationalize. &. Thou shalt not suffer the paradox of poverty amid plenty. Q. Thou shalt not indulge the falacy of negIecting thy own dom estic economy since thy interests are paramount. 10. Thou shalt not over-simplify 1 nor complicats thy problems
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19

washington, July 19-- (UP) -
 Harry F. Payer. the undersecre-
 tary of state who looks ike
 character from Dickens, today re-
 yeaIed the "Ten Commandments
 of the New Deal In an address before the Uni. vsity club the elderly, rosy-faced Payer announced this creed or the Roosevelt administration: i. Thou shalt not live--my dear country--beyond thy means. 2. Thou shalt not lose confidence in myself.
 .. Thou shalt not make mamon thy God, but neither shalt thou be unmindful of thy monetary Ys- ton. e '. '. ! l
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19
CHASE cos. TO STILL AID THE
 RECOVERY ACT
Employees Given Right to Name Candidates for the Special Conference
 Committee of Workers

As a further step towards ,co- operating with the provisions Of the federal Industrial Recovery act, the Chase Companies, Inc, to- day notified all employees that next Monday they will be given the right to nominate candidates for the special conference committee which will in the future represent them at discussions with officials of the concern dealing with factory conditions. Factories throughout the country are following this course, which is recommended in the Roosevelt national recovery plan.
 Allowing one delegate to every 100 employees. a total of II repre- sentatives of the workers in the Chase company plants will De nominated next Monday. Blanks
 (Continued on Page 4.)
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19
Ann Delinkaitis Is
 Detained As Passer
 Of Bad $2O Notes
COUNTERFEIT
 PASSER GAVE
 HARD BATTLE
John Tomasaitis Trapped By Sergt Johnson and Officer Bender Who Nailed Him After Fight

John Tomasaitis. 3s. native of Waterbury, who gave local police some anxious moments during his arrest on counterfeiting charges last night, was arraigned be- fore United States Commissioner Harry Krasow this afternoon. United States Secret Service agents who entered the case this morning are conducting an Investigation in- to Tomasaitiss activities during the past six weeks.
 Government agents have been looking for Tomasaitis since June. they told police here today.
 Bonds of $15,000 were set by Commissioner Krasow, pend- ing the arraignment of the accused in the federal court either at New Haven or Hartford y,. . ..(Coutinued on Page 4)
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19
The Milk Control Board of State
 Hard at Work

Hartford. Conn, July 19-(UP) The state milk control board. a after considering the problems of the distributors, Is now preparing to work out a solution of the pro- ducers' difiiculteis.
 A plan to establish minimum prices to be paid dairymen for their various grades of milk. together with a proposal to establish state- wide milk pool to handle surpluses, will be considered at a meeting the board has called for July 26. The meeting will be held in the hall of the house, at the state capitol.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19
NEW YORK WILL
 OUTDO ALL EVENTS
Bv MARTON n. COLLINs

By MARION F. COLLINS United Press Stan COrrespondent)
 New York, July 19--CUP)-New Works millions, crowding the pin- hacles of skyscrapers and throng- ing every open park from Bronx to Battery, stood by to-day to give General Italo Balbo and his 24 fyina cruisers from Italy the most thun0erous acclaim accorded any air hero since Lindbergh came home from Paris. .
 Successive bulletins of the speedy progress of the great air feet over its steady course from the Great Lakes to it's temporary harbor in Jamaica Bay brought the eity's expectant enthusiasm to fever pitch.
 (Continued on Page S)
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19
Final News Flashes
coNNOR NAMES ONE OFFICIAL

Hartford, Conn, July 19.-(UP)--Michael A. Connor, state motor vehicles commissioner, today announced that Joseph D. Flynn, of liar tord, had been named general manager of the department The appointment was made under a re-classifcation of the office force. Under his new title Flynn will have virtual charge of the office, personnel, payroll and purchases
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19
AMERICANS IN GRAVE DANGER
 AT MALLoRcA
Five Are in Jail and a Magazine Writer Just Escaped Meeting Death From Lynchers
BY LESTER zIFFREN
Copyright 1888. by United Pres

ICOpyFIBHC IuNCs Dy OHtCU HS''I
 Palma, Mallorca, July 19-(UP) Five American, including a woman, awaited anxiously to-day the result of the American govern ments efforts to effect their re- lease from jail.
 A sixth American came under official displeasure and was threat ened with a civil trial for defam- ing the island in n magazine ar ticle.
 Theodor Pratt was the latest American to find thorns on the roses of this Eden in the Mediter- ranean, widely advertised as ha- ven for those with desire to live cheaply in ideally picturesque sur- roundings.
 (Continued on Page 4)
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19
THE PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAM WILL NOT
 BE A "GRAB BAG"
Secretary Ickes Says the Undercover Pre- para- tions Are Being Made to Shut Off Contracting Graft-No Tricks or Traps Allowed
By RAYMOND CHAPTER

Copyright, 1888, By United Prcss)
 Washington, July 19-(UP)- Apparently Secretary of Interior Ickes meant 1t when he said the $3,3O0, 100000 public works pro- gram was to be nobody's "grab bag"
 Extensive undercover prepara- tions are being made to head off contracting graft. Opportunities will be plentiful. Thousands of deals for supplies must be made.
 The job of policing this opera tion has been laid on tall, sturdy Louis R. Glavis. chief of the in terior departments bureau of in- vestigation.
 Glavis is gathering a force of in- spectors to be distributed among
 lCoutinued on Page S.)
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19
CONFERENCE PLANS

London, July l9-(UP)-Plans were discussed today for the world economic conference to reassemDie in the. middle of Novembr. the con- ference takes a recess July 27. IT the proposal finds support 1t will be debated in the final pre-recess plenary session.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19
NEW HAVEN JOBS

New Haven. July 19-(UP)- Employment in New Haven fac- soriea has shown steady increase Hnce April 1. according to survey nsa de by the chamber Of conn n3erce. Reports k'om 6s factories show 4Co persons returned to work in May and that TIT were called hack iu June, % Z. :
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19
BALB0 AND HIS
 MEN HAD LEFT
 CHICAGO EARLY
By STEVE RICHARDS {.

(Unitcd Press Stan COrrcspOndent)
 Chicago, July 19-- (UP)-G Gen. eral Italo Balbo pointed his sill very seaplane into clear eastern skies today leading his 96 daring airmep on the first leg of the long flight back to Italy.
 Commanding the Armada of 24 ships, General Balbo's plane skim med gracefully over the water of Lake Michigan and rose into the air at 6:42 a. m. c. s. T. A mo- ment later the other two planes of the first triad left the water
 (Continue0 on Page 4.)
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19
STILL ON TOBACCO FARM

Thompsonyille, Conn, July 19.-lUPl- State police raided the plantation of Irving Woodward, prominent tobacco grower, nere early today, arrested Woodward and three other men and coniscated still valued at $35,OOO.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19
Markets At a Glance

Stocks unsettled by wide break in 'repeaP' group;
 National distillers breaks 19 points. Bonds rise under lead of speculative issues. Curb stocks react; alcohol shares weak. Chicago stocks lower. ? Call money per cent. Foreign exchange easier Wheat and rye break cents; corn and oats to
 lower. Cotton dips more than $1 bale. Rubber of 25 to 55 points.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19
NAzIs TO CONDUCT LOTTERY

Berlin, July 19.-( 1.-The Nazi party tery with prizes totaling 1,50O,OOO marks {about S5l000O) to fight unemployment. The maxi mum individual prize will be 900 marks.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19
CONN. YOUTH MUST DIE

Scranton, Pa, July l9.-(UP)-Walter Skawinski, "A, of Colchester, Conn, was sen tenced to die in the electric chair for the staying of Police Detective Lewis Roberts when ar raigned in court here today.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19
GIRI, HELD BY
 VERMONT AS COUNTERFEITER
MILLIONS OF PEOPLE WILL
 GREET FLEET

They Crowd Pinnacles of CTS and Throng Every Park
 General Balbo and His Brave Air Heroes Will Get Greatest Welcome Ever Given Any Person Outside of Col. Lind- ,bergh
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19
TREASURY BALANCE

Washington. July 1s-(UP)-The treasury net balance for July IT was $S4S.027.55S.53.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19
.The weatIaer

Generally Fair Tonight
 and On ThIirsdav
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-07-19

Last Minute News
The weekly echo., 1933-11-24
GEORGE STERLING SUCCUNIB
LanCsdale-Dear Editor:

LanTsdale-Dear Editor:
Please allow me space through the
columns of the Weekly Echo to let the
many reader know that lodge No 278
has loss one Of its faithful members in
the person of Brother George Sterling.
He departed this life November 18th.
He was the president of this lodge and
was a faithful one.
Brother Sterling lived a Christian
life. He leaves to mourn three sons,
two daughter a host of relatives and
friends. He fought rood fight he
has finished his course, he kept the
faith. He will be missed in his church
and home, as well as his lodge He
has gone but not forgotten. He died in
good standing with his lodge.
Will Edwards, Vice President.
The weekly echo., 1933-11-24
SUNDAY SCHOOL
LESSON
BY R. W. Young
LESSON FOR SUNDAY NOVEMBER
18TH, 1893
PAUL IN CORINTH
By R. W. Young
1 COR: 1913; l COR. 2: is

l COR: 1913; l COR. 2: Is
. GOLDEN TEXT l determined not to
know anything among you, save Jesus
Christ, and him crucified. q Cor. 2:2)
Havinl5 left Athens, Paul went to Cor
NTH, city noted for its distinctive geo
graphical position, its eminence in Gre
elk and Roman history, and its close con
nection with the early spread of Chris
tianity. Corinth was a great city. and
it was at this place that Paul organized
a great church, remaining as its head
and director, for at least eighteen
months. Many and various were his
personal experiences, yet he proved
himsef master of all situations. Cor
NTH was noted for its wickednss and
wealth, and hence general conditions
made it difficult for the Apostle to lay
the foundation of the Christian church
which he or,anized. He succeeded,
however through unceasing efforts 10
make the name of Jesus known as the
Sovereign of his church.
NOTES ON THE TEXT
Verse 10. Speak the same thing. Paul
is exhorting the Corinthian
Christians to call themselves by the
same name, that is the name of Christ
instead of being broken up into parties
with party names.
Verse IL These which are of the
house of Chole. We do not know who
Chole was; probably she was well
known to the Christians Of Corinth
Verse Il. Appolos. A Jew, native OF
Alexandria a devout and eloquent
preacher of the gospel (Acts. 18: 24-28)
Cephas. Peter, Simon was called Cep-
has by Jesus John 1;47) Cephas and
Peter both mean STONE" enc being
the Aramaic word and the other the
Greek Word.
Verse 10. Is Christ crucified for you?
The answer could only be in the favor
of Christ who died for all and into
The weekly echo., 1933-11-24
THE DAILY ECHO
81
MEMBER NEGRO NATIONAL
PRESS ASSOCIATION
FRIDAY NOVEMBER "a 1888

SUBSCRIPTIONS PAYABLE IN
ADVANCED
Entered as second-class matter
November Is, 1928 at the post office
at Meridian, Mississippi under the
act of March 3, 1879.
The weekly echo., 1933-11-24

this instance that he had been so not
able baptized His mission was that of
an evangelist rather than that Of a
pastor who did the baptizing.
Verses lib. Not to baptize, but to
preach the gospel. Preaching was pre-
minently the work of the Apostles.
The weekly echo., 1933-11-24
MISSIONARY SOCIETIES

The following officers of the Miss
ionary Society of the South Mississippi
Annual Conference are here in session:
Mrs. L. S. Armstrong, Jackson Miss
President, Mrs. S. E. Blackman, Bass
field Miss, Vice President, Mrs E. L.
Reese Tate, Bassield, Secretary, Mrs.
BT. F. Williams, Supt. of Social Service,
Mrs. Eva McCullum, Supt, Of Children,
Mesdames L. w Wilson, Mrs. E. F.
Touns, ST., Mrs. A. B. Gamble, Mrs.
aTittie Collins and Mrs. Bessie Nc
Donald, Board of Managers.
They opened their session with devo-
ton conducted by Mrs. L. S. Arms
tcong, Mrs Susie Hicks led in singing
GLORY to his name" Prayer by Mrs.
Suise Hicks, Scripture lesson read from
the 37th division of Psalms by Mrs. L.
S. Montgomery Song led by Mrs Reed
Get right with God" Discussion: The
Rural Churches led by Mrs. Mittie
Collins.
The weekly echo., 1933-11-24

Verses is. Come not with excell-
ency of speech or of wisdom.
Paul did not depend upon the art Of
the Orator or the skill of the philosopher
for the effectiveness of his message;
he depended upon the power of God.
The weekly echo., 1933-11-24

whose name we were baptized. In one
Lord, one faith and one baptism we
nave the very essence of Christian
unity.
Verse IA. Crispus was Jewish ruler
CT a synagogue at Corinth with a Latin
name. Saius was native of Macedonia
Both OF these men were converted I'M
The weekly echo., 1933-11-24

der Paul's preaching at Corinth and
were baptized by him.
Verse Is. The party spirit ran ST
high in the church at Corinth that
seems that Importance was put upon
who baptized the members of the
church.
Verse 16 He thus thanks God in
The weekly echo., 1933-11-24

Rev f. L. Young, Editor and Bust
ness Manager, Box 1O43, Meridian,
Mississippi.
w. c. Baity, Asst. Editor and Asst.
Business Manager, 2508 5th Street,
Meridian, Mississippi. Phone 1877
The weekly echo., 1933-11-24
REPORTS
ENROLMENT

Enrolment of the men as members
Of the Missionary Society with 10c. A
collection in the amount of $240 was
raised.
Mrs. L. s. Armstrong Pres.
The weekly echo., 1933-11-24
WEEKLY ECHO SUBSCRIPTION
CAMPAIGN

The Weekly Echo Subscription Cam
paign is creating quite bit of interest
among its contestants. The following
is the standing of the votes:
The weekly echo., 1933-11-24
CHURCH NEWS
ZION TEMPLE A. NJ. E. CHURCH
CARROLLTON, ALABAMA

ZION TEMPLE A. NJ. E. CHURCH
CARROLLTON, ALABAMA
Sunday School $50 A. M. Bro. W. M
| Massey, Supt.
Morning and evening worship HOO A
M. and 1880 P. M.
Missionary meeting $3.50 P. M, Mon
ice Mobley, President.
". c. E. 600 P. M. Enor Shanklin, Pres.
Rev. A. D. Harper, Pastor
NEWELL CHAPEL C. NJ E.
CHURCH
The Welcome Corner
18th Avnue and 14th Street
Sunday School $50 A. NJ, R. W,
Young, Supt.
Preaching HOO A. M. and IT'S P. NJ.
Roy L. Young, A. B. Pastor
FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Rev. NJ Williams, B. D. pastor.
Sunday School, 1000 A. NJ.
Preaching, Ills A. M.
Vesper, 800 P. M.
Midweek Service
Wednesday night, us P. M.
ST. PAUL Nj. T. CHURCH
Rev. M. T. J. Howard, A. B., D. D.
Pastor
Preaching HOO A. NJ.
Vesper ZOO p M.
Sunday School $50 A. NJ, Mrs. Sadi.
Jones, Supt.
Boy Scout meeting Wednesday 700
P, M, c. W. Williams, Scout Master
MT. ZION BAPTIST CHURCH
$50 Sunday School j. N. Hill Supt.
Mrs. Mysingle MCGEE, Secretary.
HOO A. M. Worship
7:30 P NJ Worship
$3.50 P. M. First Sunday evening, Home
Mission. Mrs. H. Hicks, Pres; Mrs N.
A Harris, Secretary.
500 o'clock b. P. u. Mrs. T. L. Gates,
Pres. Miss " Weidman, Secretary
Rev J. T. Flynn, pastor
Prof. E. L. Williams, Clerk.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-12-20
STRIKERS WHIP
 45 POLICEMEN
Tough Battle in Which the Police and Strike Break
 CTS Were Routed

Hespzler, Ont, Dec. 20-CUP)- Strikers routed 45 police officers and a group of strike breakers to- day when they attempted to battle their way through picket lines around the Dominion WoQlens and Worsted Company.
 A pitched battle resulted which lasted for full hour. Strike break CTS fled from the scene, screaming and badly bruised.
 The strikers aid down barrage of stones and struck at officers win closed fists to prevent police-escort- ed, strike breakers from reaching the company plant. Approximately 500 strikers join ed the picket, cordon when the bat tie started.
 Police drew their batons but were overpowered by the mob. The weapons were confiscated. Numerous women in the crowd screamed ,hysterically. Some faint- ed. Others fled. Motorcycle officers formed a line around the strike breakers ana charged the mob on their vehicles but they were stopped by the sheer force. of a human blockade. The motorcycles were lifted from the ground and thrown down an em- bankment.
 breakers were dispersed that the mob quieted down. Numerous blackened eyes. bruis- ed heads, cut lips and hands were suffered by participants in the bat l tla T19- 2yStfA
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-12-20
TAVERNS IN BATTLE TO STOP RUIN
Injunction Case Against State Liquor Board Be-
 gins at Hartford
HOT LUNCH IS
 THE CONTENTION
Lewis Lauria of This City Was One of the Wit
 neSSes to Testify

Hartford, Conn, December 20- (UP) = Taking of tes- timony in the injunction case against the state liquor board, brought by s. l.. Fiducia, Hartford tavern owner, who is trying to prevent applica- tion of the boards order against taverns serving hot food, was started this after noon in superior court. Judge Alfred c. Baldwin is hearing the case.
 Major John Buckley and Frank s. Bergin, members of the liquor board, were in court when the case was called. Raymond A. Johnson, assistant attorney general, is rep resenting the board.
 The first witness was Lewis Lauria, Waterbury, executive sec retary of the Retail Beer. Wine and Liquor Dealers Association. He testified about 65 per cent of the tavern owners installed special equipment last summer when the board issued an order permitting the sale of hot food. Since the second order. issued this month, profits have dropped off about 50 per cent in the taverns, he said. Melbourne Maxwell Middletown. was the second witness of more than score called by the tavern owners attorneys. Most of the witnesses asserted they faced bankruptcy if denied the right to sell hot lunches In the cold weather,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-12-20
MILK PROBLEMS
 IN NEW ENGLAND

Boston. Dec. 20.-(UP).-Fred- eric S. Snyder, New England milk administrator, and the greater Bos- ton milk mark eting arbitration board have been unable to agree upon a plan to deal with cream marketing crisis and the collapse of butter prices.
 To compensate farmers for losses resulting from sharp drop in but ter prices, Wesley H. Bronson of Consolidated Dairies proposed that producers be paid $1.25S per hun dredweight for surplus milk. Bron- son said he favored q fixed price because he feared that the col lapse of butter prices would lower the price to 65 cents. Those ship ping cream from the west and oth- CT points outside the local milk shed should be compelled to re- ceive a price equal to that called for in the Boston milk marketing agreement. Bronson declared.