davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
lions CLUB HEARS
ADJUTANT H. Smith
Discusses Salvation Army Re,
lief Work; Very Rev. Faith
Or Stag EuIogizsd

A review OF Salvation Army work in
Bismarck and throughout the world
was given before the Bismarck Lions
club Monday noon by Adjutant Her
bert Smith, Of the local Salvation
Army post.
He described the local units pro-
gram Of supplying free meals to hum
dreds Of men and under nourished
children, and its care Of needy per-
sons.
Referring to the economic condi-
tons. Adjutant Smith said the
worlds need Is for faith In God, our
fellow-men and ourselves"
In closing he said that Bismarck IS
much poorer" since the death last
Friday Of Very Rev. John A. H. Stag,
rector Of st. Mary's procathedral here.
The priest was q great asset to the
city, he said.
Rev. Father Stag was eulogized by
DR.. F. b. Strauss In q short talk.
Musical entertainment inclu d e d
solos by Mrs. q. J. Worner and Miss
Marian Sandin. Mrs. c. G. Guinness
accompanied Mrs. Worner while Miss
sandin;s accompanist was Miss Flor
ence Fritch.
A committee was appointed to draw
up resolution supporting President
Roosevelt in his efforts to achieve
economy in the federal government.
The resolution was sent to North
Dakotas U. S. senator's and represent
ativeS.
Ray v. Stair was program chair
man. Among guests were J. +. Mel
ton, Hettinger County editor: w. r.
Griswold, John Mehre and r. O..
Stark, all Of Mott, and william Gil
len, Burt.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
Dedicates Number to
Scout Musical Group

Percy F. Merritt. winnipeg. Mani
toba, one Of Canada's outstanding
band composers and member Of the
Winnipeg Citadel Salvation Army
band. has composed and dedicated his
latest march composition. THE Lone
Scout March," to the KFYR Scout
band and the Radio Lone Scouts
the only registered radio tribe in
America, according to information
received here. The Winnipeg Citadel
band is known throughout the world
as an outstanding musical organiza-
ton. All Of Merritt's compositions
are regularly used by this band and
many Of them are recorded for pho
nograph reproduction. Among his
creative offerings are eight marches,
several brass quartet arrangements,
selections and q new Fantasia for
band. Merritt's brass quartet COM
position, Love Divine" won second
prize In 1928 in worldwide COMPETE
ton from So entries.
The Lone Scout March" will be
presented to the public for the first
time by the KFYR Scout band dur
ing = KFYR radio revue on Monday,
March 28. The march Is q modern,
snappy style which will give the boys
a splendid opportunity to display
their musical proves.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
j. s. SUPREME court 1
UPHOLDS CONVICTION
OF MILL CITY JUROR
Affirms Ruling That Woman in
Foshay Case Was in Con.
tempt Of Court

Washington, March l3.-ReThe
conviction Of 0enevieve A. Clark Of
Minneapolis, for contempt Of court in
qualifying for service on the jury
which tried w. b. Foshay and others
on the charge Of using the mails to
defraud was sustained Monday by the
supreme court.
The jury which tried Foshay stood
II to l for conviction, Mrs. Clark
holding out. She claimed she had
truthfully answered all questions as
to her qualifications before being &C.
cepted as q Juror, but the government
insisted she had withheld from the
court the important information that
she had at one time been employed
In FoShay'S office.
Mrs. Clark argued she had not COM
mitted perjury ana could not be held
for contempt Of court.
Foshay and his associates were
subsequently convicted.
The trial court sentenced Mrs.
Clark to imprisonment for six months
and q fine Of $1,000, but the appel
late court ruled she must be resen-
fenced and either imprisoned or fined,
holding the penalty could not be both
Imprisonment and q fine.
She has not been re-sentenced as
she appealed directly to the supreme
court.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
Bismarck Minister to
Attend Fargo Meeting

Rev. Opie 8. Rindahl, pastor Of
Trinity Lutheran church here. Tues
day will attend district board meet
ing Of the North Dakota Luther
League at Fargo.
Rev. Rindahl is vice president Of the
board and Rev. A. o. Nesset. Leeds, Is
president.
Plans for the seventh biennial in.
ternational convention Of Luther
Leagues, which will be held at Fargo
June 80 to July 4, will be discussed.
The convention will be a combinec
meeting Of Luther Leagues and choral
unions of the synod. DR.. r. Melius
Christianson Of st. Olaf college.
Mortified, Mimi. will direct q chorus
Of 1000 voices in the choral union
concert July 4, the climax Of the con-
vention. The concert will be given In
the stadium of the North Dakota
Agricultural college.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
National Farm Strike
Proposed at Meeting

Des Moines, March 13.-tP)-The
Iowa legislature agreed to hear agri-
cultural leaders Monday outline the
relief program they said they would
demand congress to enact by May 3
to avert a national farm strike.
The program, with q resolution
calling the strike, was adopted Sun
day by 400 delegates from 16 states
and the district Of Columbia at the
convention Of the National Farmers
Holiday association here.
Heading it was demand for
national moratorium on mortgage
foreclosures on farm and city prop
erty, including interest and unpaid
taxes, until farm prices reach cost OF
production.
Other points provided for the re-
financing of farm loans at lower in
terest rates under terms Of the Fra
zier bill, and q federal banking and
credit system operated as . public
utility.
The legislature announced 1t would
60 into a joint session late Monday
afternoon to listen to the demands.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
Senate to Continue
Wall Street Inquiry

Washington, March 13.-(PeThe
senate banking committee Monday
decided to continue its investigations
Of the New York stock market.
The stock market inquiry Will be
conducted from now on by q SUBJ
committee headed by Chairman
Fletcher In place Of Senator Nor
beck (Rep., 8. d., who was chair
man under the Republican regime.
Fletcher. a Florida Democrat, an
nounced that Ferdinand Pecora, COM
mittee counsel, would continue to di-
rect the investigation.
The committee chairman indicated
that for the present at least the In
vestigation would be directed at the
stock exchange rather than at COM
mercial banking.
Earlier there had been suggestions
that the investigation Be directed at
the Chase National bank and its Sc
curities affiliate.
II doubt II we will 60 into CONNER
cial banks at present." Fletcher said.
II think it was understood CONNER
cial banks will not be investigated.
We will 60 more particularly into the
stock exchange stuff"
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
Sustain Reduction
In Petroleum Rates

Washington. March 13.-(ReThe
Interstate Commerce Commission or
der reducing rates on petroleum and
its products from tho mid continent
oil fields to North Dakota and west
ern Minnesota Was sustained Monday
by the supreme court.
The Northern Pacific. Great North.
ern, Milwaukee. the 500 Lines ana
the Northwestern had been success
full In having the order Get aside by
lower courts On tho ground the com.
mission should have granted . re-
hearing to consider changed economic
conditions before enforcing the re-
duced oil rates.
That view was overturned IN
Mondays decision.
The distributors IN the affected ter
ritory charged the railroads were op.
posing them to prevent OIL from mov-
ing into North Dakota and western
Minnesota from tho mid continent
fields, thus giving Wyoming Oh q
monopoly In that area.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
Seven Are Hurt in
Cass County Mishap

Fargo. N. D., March l3.-@R-Seven
were injured, some seriously, in a
head-on car collision on highway 10.
three miles west Of Fargo Monday.
All are In q hospital.
The injured:
Mr.. and Mrs. j. r. Struble and
daughter Elizabeth, and Myrtle
Almaas, Aneta: Mr.. and Mrs. o. S.
Reiten and daughter Emma. Hastings,
N. D. The Strubles reside In Fargo.
The Reitens were en- route to Farg
to visit q daughter.
It Is believed some Of the passengers
ir the Reiten car were thrown
through the Windshield.
Cause Of the accident has not been
determined. The highway was clear
except for the two cars.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
Obtain NewKnOwledge
From Quake on Coast

Warrington. March 13.-(ReThe
California earthquake has given scien'
fists their first accurate, first-hand
knowledge Of just how the ground
shakes during an earthquake. It may
lead to prevention Of earthquake dis
asterS In the future.
The coast and geodetic survey an
nounced Monday that al four Of its
notwithstanding instruments in
the zone Of the California quake had
made satisfactory records Of the firss
shocks and were continuing to record
subsequent shocks.
This was the first Of the instru-
ments, u Of which were installed a
few months 60 in regions where II
was believed earthquakes might some
time occur.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
Minnesota Veterans
May Ask State Funds

st. Paul, March 13.-R)-The Min
nesota legislature will be asked for ar
emergency appropriation Of $4.500. 900
to care for war veterans, as the result
Of threatened action by congress to
slash federal compensation. 1t was
decided Monday at meeting Of rep
|resentatives Of state war veterans or
CARNATIONS.
Some Of the meeting favored flat
request; others that the money be APP
propriated only If congress adopts its
program. Just what will be asked for
was uncertain.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
,PetrOlle-ROss Sign
For Bout in Chicago

Chicago, March 13.-R)-The box
ing moratorium came to an end Mon
day with the signing Of Billy Petrolle
for l0-round battle with Barney Ross,
promising lightweight. ct the Chicago
stadium March ~.
The weight will be 1873 pounds. The
representatives Of the two boxers
posted $1,000 to guarantee the weight
stipulation. This u the first time q
weight forfeit has been posted since
the early days Of the stadium.
Varias Milling. Los Angeles Fili-
pino featherweight, will engage john
ny Pena, New York, in IN eight
round semi final.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
Peoples Forum

Editors Note.-The Tribune vel.
comes letters on subjects Of In.
terest. Letters dealing with con.
troversial religious subjects. which
attack individuals unfairly, or
which offend good taste and fair
play will be returned to the
IT you wish to use q pSeudonym,
sign the pseudonym first and your
own name beneath II. We will r..
spect such requests. We reserve
the right to delete such parts Of
letters a. may be necessary to
conform to this policy.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
BREAKUP OF ICE IN
MISSOURI EXPECTED
near END MONTH
Most Tributaries Have Broken
Up and Big Muddy's Level
ls Rising

Though most tributaries already
have broken up and the level Of the
Missouri river Is rising slowly, gen
eral breakup Of the ice In the Big
Muddy Is not expected before two
weeks, o. w. Roberts, head OF the
federal weather bureau here. said
Monday.
Roberts said the Little Missouri.
Knife, Heart and Cannonball rivers
in North Dakota already have broken
up and that the Yellowstone has
started to break up at some points
in Montana.
Ice from the tributaries In this
state Is sliding under the Missouri
ice-cap and the break-ups have been
orderly, with no flood dangers ap-
parent at any points.
The Missouri's level has risen two
feet to SO feet In the last week, Rob-
erts said. The level was ~ on the
sixth. s on the seventh, So on the
eighth. Sc on the ninth, SIS on the
10th, 6.3 on the 18th, SO on the 18th
and SO Monday.
The river does not usually break
up here until the level approaches
flood stage, which Is is feet here, and
the ice here Monday was described
as holding solid"
The Missouri broke up here April l
last year. which Is about the average
breakup date, Roberts said. Only
when the river breaks up earlier than
usual Is there danger Of flood in the
Bismarck district.
The earliest the river ever has
broken up here was March -, 1910.
The five highest stages the river
has reached since keeping Of records
began were as follows: 27.6 in 1881,
27Ol In 1887, 1854 in 1910, 23.7 in 1897
and 236 In 1917.
On each Of those occasions the
bottom lands were flooded. The last
occasion upon which q flood occurred
in this area was in the spring OF 1929,
when q huge ice gorge developed be-
low HUFF, which is about II miles
south Of here. The gorge brought
the river level up to the 35-foot mark
there and the river was backed up
for miles, with the lowlands flooded.
At that time the Bismarck Mandan
highway was covered with water.
During the flood Of 1917 four young
Bismarck men were drowned in q
boating accident.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
LIST RE-OPEN|NCS
OF Big CITY BANKS
Mixed Situation Prevails A
Some Institutions Keep
Doors Closed
by The Associated Press)

The following figures relate only to
cities In which federal reserve main
bank, not branches, are located. Op-
enings Of reserve banks outside Of
headquarters cities have been de-
ferred.
New York-52 members Of the fed
eral reserve opened; remained
closed; ~ state commercial banks and
all SO savings banks opened.
members opened fully and the two
others opened under restrictions. Four
state banks opened fully and four
under restrictions.
Richmond-Four reserve banks op-
ened fully. the fifth under restric-
tions. Eight non-member banks OPP
ened.
st. Lcuis-Eighteen reserve banks
opened: IL remained closed. Two
state banks opened.
Dallas-All five reserve banks op-
ened. Six state banks opened; status
of seventh undetermined.
San Francisco-All five National
banks and 10 state banks opened
Three Of the state banks and all five
National banks are members of the
federal reserve system.
Boston-Ell eleven reserve banks
and all eight state banks opened.
Chicago-Fifteen reserve and ID
state banks opened.
Atlanta-Four reserve banks OPP
ened (alD.
Kansas City-Twenty-four banks
opened. including nine reserve banks.
Seven are National banks and II state
banks. Three banks remained closed,
one member of the federal reserve
system which was on q restricted
withdrawal basis before the banking
holiday.
Minneapolis-All 10 National banks,
six state banks and two trust compan-
les opened. Five state banks and one
trust company remained closed.
Philadelphia-21 reserve banks OPP
ened, 70 state banks opened (alD.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
To Hold Inquest on
Unidentified Victim

Los Angeles. March l3.-ReThe
body Of an unidentified victim Of the
Southern California earthquake will
be the subject Of an inquest this week
Is the representative Of al who per-
ished.
Coroner Frank Nance began prepar-
ations for the legal rite Monday, an
nouncing 1t would be held a. soon e
= complete tally Of the dead r. made.
Into the records will be read the
names Of the identified. and the des-
criptions Of any whose names are not
learned.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
Meetings Of Clubs,
Fraternal Groups

Members Of Chapter BIC Of the
Sponsor Mothers club will meet at
8 o'clock Tuesday evening at the home
Of Mrs. r. E. Middaugh, 2l7h Avenue
D West.
Chapter l. Of the Sponsor Mothers
club will hold q meeting at 7:3O
o'clock Tuesday evening at the home
Of Mrs. E. G. Stee. At First st.
\ 4 =
The Mothers Service club will meet
at 8 o'clock Tuesday evening at the
home Of Mrs. A. L. Overbee, Ga Sec
ond st.
There will be Q book review by Mrs.
r. H. Waldo and vocal selections by
Mrs. q. ]. Worner following the regu-
lar business session Of the Business
and Professional Women's club at 8
o'cloez Tuesday evening in the club
room in the World War Memorial
building. The education committee,
Mrs. Nellie Evarts, Dr. Fannie Dunn
Quain and Mrs. Ray v. Stair, win be
In charge.
= = =
The following adult classes in
homemaking viii be conducted this
evening and Tuesday by Miss Ella
johnson, home economies Instructor.
Glasses in "Adolescent Boy and Cir"
at 7:30 o'clock this evening in the
World War Memorial building.
Glasses In "How to Get Your Moneys
Worth" 1850 p. m. Tuesday ct Rooee-
welt school: same topic at Wachtsr
school at 3 p. m. Tuesday. Low Cost
Foods AMI Their Cookery" 1T 7:30
p. m. Tuesday ct the high school.
= = =
The Womans Foreign Missionary
society Of McCabe Methodist church
will meet ct 2:30 o'clock Tuesday aft
ernoon ct the home Of Mrs. II. s.
Lobach, SO Ninth st. Mrs. r. A.
Ritterbush will have charge Of the
program.
y = +
Members OF Lewis and Clark chapter
Of the Sponsor Mothers club viii meet
at 3 o'clock Tuesday afternoon with
Mrs. g. w. Leifur, sol Sixth st. Roll
call will be answered with Irish jokes.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
Bingham Nominated
For Post at London

Warrington, March 13.-(P)-Presi-
dent Roosevelt Monday sent to the
senate the nomination Of Robert w.
Bingham. Louisville publisher. to be
ambassador to Great Britain.
Roosevelt also filled the important
diplomatic post at Paris with Jesse
Isidor Straus Of New York. and at
Mexico City with Josephus Daniels
Of North Carolina, respectively.
He also renamed Eugene O. Sykes
Of Mississippi for reappointment to
the federal radio commission.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
QUARTET Will Sing
AT TRINITY sunday
Students Of Valley City Teach
ers College Will Give Pro-
gram in City

Announcement that the Criterion
Quartet from Valley City state teach
ers college will present musical pro-
gram at Trinity Lutheran church here
on the evening of Sunday, March 10,
was made Monday by Rev. Opae 8
Rindahl, pastor Of the church.
The concert will be given under the
direction and supervision Of Miss Fl.
vera Cedargreen, Of the college music
department. Miss Marllyn Mikkelson.
Of the piano department, will be &C.
companist.
Masters included in the program:
will be Mendelssonn, Rachmaninoff.
Montani and Tschaikowsky.
Rev. Rindahl also announced that
from 60 to 80 persons are expected
here next Thursday evening when
Rev. Hjalmar Hanson, Drake. assist
ant director Of the North Dakota
Choral Union, will conduct joint re-
hearsal of choirs in the Mandan Cir
cult.
Choirs from Dickinson. Mandan.
Hazen, Washburn and Bismarck Will
participate. This will be the first join:
rally Of Lutheran young people OF the
Missouri Slope in preparation for the
international convention to be helc:
at Fargo June 80 to July 4. Music to
be presented during the choral union
concert will be rehearsed here.
The Singers Guild and the Trinity
Junior choir, both under the direction
Of Maude A.. Tollefson, Sunday eve
ming presented their monthly Sunday
evening musicale at Trinity church.
The Junior choir sang two numbers
Christiansen's Rainbow Bridge OF
Prayer" and Evening Prayer" ar
ranged by Herman Monson. In the
latter Miss Vivian Coghlan sang the
soprano solo. Grace Lvdahl. Emily
Belk, Edith Guthrie and George Sha-
fer each sang q solo. Accompaniment
were played by Vivian Coghlan and
Ruth Saxvik. The next program Is
planned April 9.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
Give Your Skin
That healthy glow

New, wonderful MELLO-0LO face
powder reproduces the tempt II {
bloom Of youth. Spreads smoothly.
stays on longer, hides tiny lines and
wrinkles. prevents larte pores. No
shiny noses. no drawn o. 'spasty"
look. Women trust ELlO.0lO be-
cause new French process makes It
the purest face powder known. De.
lightfully fragrant. Try MILO
0lO today. SOC and @lJo0. Tax free.
-Adveytisemeut.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
Child Is Drowned
In Pipestem River

jamestown, N. D., March l3.-(R-
Douglas, seven-year- old son Of Mr..
and Mrs. p. G. Peterson. drowned In
Pipestern river Saturday night when
he fell from foot-bridte across the
stream.
The body was found In 4 clump Of
tree roots about 100 yards from the
bridge Sunday afternoon.
jamestown firemen and residents
worked for several hours to recover
the body.
Funeral services viii be held We'd
nesday afternoon.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
Florida Chain Store
Tax Is Held Invalid

Warrington. March lS.-tReThe
Florida chain store tax was declared
invalid Monday by the supreme court
in . case brought by Louis & Iggett
company and others.
The supreme court has upheld
taxes on chain stores in several states
and the Florida tax probably also
would have been upheld had It not
provided distinctions g to counties.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
ABOUT CHAIN STORES
Regain. N. D.,
March 2, 1888.

Editor, Tribune:
We noticed that our law-making
body was making such fuss over
the chain stores. Why pick on the
chain stores who are friends Of the
poor people? You can't set q price
on tho goods they sell and the con-
sumner pays anyway. Why not set a
direct tax instead of an indirect
one? The way the legislature is 60
ing at 1t one would think the chain
stores were detriment to the state.
Why not make 4 little more attack
on chain banks instead of chain
stores? We know the chain stores
cut prices, but fail to see where the
chain banks cut interest.
A READER.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13

patterns for it. Accurate cutting pat.
tern and complete instructions, No.
C2e. l5c. Perforated quilting pattern
Of any OF the three designs shown
above. l2-inch 25c each: 15-inch, 35c.
Order by mail only, allowing q week
to ten days for delivery. Address:
Aunt Martha. care Of The Bismarck
Tribune, Bismarck, N. Oak.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
Wall Street Plans
To Resume Trading

New York, March 13.-<Reprep-
arations for early resumption Of trad.
ing In the New York stock exchange
were seen In Wall Street Monday .
the exchange ordered it, members TO
hold office forces to arrange clear
ance by tomorrow Of Ill existing con-
tracts where delivery has been s,as-
pended. It was believed trading
might b resumed "Wednesday.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
Uncertainty Rules
In Foreign Exchange

Montreal. March l3.-(R-An UNI
certain situation prevailed when quo
tations on the United States dollars
were resumed here Monday for the
first time since the American bank
holiday.
A nominal rate Of 20M per cent
premium was posted by banks at the
opening. Early reports were, however,
that the highest bids were ct Is per
cent premium with no takers.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
Rules No Preference
For u. S. War Veterans

Washington, March l3.-(R)-World
war veterans, the supreme court de-
cided Monday, are without priority
over other depositors in claims
against iy1solvent banks for the
money received from the United
States.
The ruling was made In q case In
volving q deposit Of approximately
10000 which Sam 6picer had In q
bank in Breathitt county, Kentucky.
when it became insolveut.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
Thompson Is Speaker
For PIT. "A. Meeting

Arthur Z. Thompson, state superin-
tendent Of public instruction. viii
speak on Community Work" at q
meeting Of the Wachter Parent
Teacher association ct 7:45 o'clock
Tuesday evening, March Il, ut the
Wachter school. Mr.. Thompson also
will present . group Of musical num-
beers.
Motion pictures Of local interest will
be shown by G. G. Larsen after which
Emmett Griffin will sing Mother
Machree," Ball; and Nanny Song"
Ware. A business session will COM
plete the evening.
Refreshments will be served by
Maurice Agre. Frank Will q m S.
Charles Williams and Elmer solum.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1933-03-13
Would Curb Sale Of
Minnesota Blue SIX

st. Paul, March l3.-(R3-Drastit
Tightening Of state blue sky laws will
be asked by Governor Floyd b. Olson
in q special message to the leSislaturs
soon.
The governor, It was SAID. desires
more stringent laws to prevent, II pos
sible, sale Of worthless stock.