davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-12-04
Venus At Maximum
 Brilliancy Dec. 31st
Planet to Be Three Magnitudes Brighter Than the
 Great Dog Star, Sirius

a matter of fact, this phenomenon would disprove the truth of the Ptolemaic or geocentric theory of the solar system. Tn accordance with this theory, Venus positions would always be between the earth and the sun and thus could never show any phase greater than the half-moon phase or, even as great as this phase. The observation of the gibbous phase, i. e., greater than the half but not full, dis proves the Pts4emaic theory. Gall ileo was the first to observe the course of the phases of Venus and to confirm the prediction of Coper- nicus, made before the invention of the telescope. Galileo's telescope was only a very small and weak one and this observation can be made by anyone who has access to a small telescope or good field glass.
 While the mechanics of the orbit of Venus are well known and it's positions and phases can be fore told with accuracy, we are unfor- tunately still in great ignorance the planet. The dense vaporous atmosphere which surrounds it precludes observation of the sur face with any means now at our disposal. Up to the present, no definite conclusion can be reached even as to the chemical nature of the predominant gases of the planets atmosphere. Some obser- vations seem to indicate that the atmosphere is rich in carbenaceeus compounds but there is no conclu-
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-12-04
By DIR CLEMENT S. BRAININ GOT the Columbia University
 Observatory Staff)

Shortly after sunset the planet Venus will be observed against the twilight sky in the southwestern quarter of the heavens. Of all the planets this is the brightest and throughout the month it's bril- liancy gradually increases. unt d stellar magnitude of minus A" is reached on the 31st, which is the date of it's greatest brilliancy for the present period. It will then be nearly three magnitudes brighter than the Great Dog Star, Sirius, which is the brightest of all the fixed stars. In less technical lan- guage this means that Venus sends us about fifteen times as much light as Sirius. With the exception of the sun and moon, and an oc- casional comet, Venus is the brightest of all the heavenly bod ies. Like all the other planets, it's light is not self-emitted but is re- fected sunlight and it's brilliancy is due to its proximity to the earth and to its high reflecting power or albedo. This high albedo, again, is due to the fact that the firm globe of the planet is surrounded by a very dense layer of clouds or va DOTS. It is doubtful if the eye of man has ever even glimpsed the surface itself. The telescope has never revealed any permanent markings, as is the case with Mars.
 The orbit of Venus is- of course, elliptical in shape and lies entire- ly within that of the earth, nearer
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-12-04

(COntlnueQ rom Page l.) titles. They plan to take their case to court to-day or tomorrow for mandamus action if necessary.
 It is doubtful if there will be much liquor available in Connecti- cut tomorrow. There are.no dis tilleries or bonded warehouses in thes tate, and as package stores must close at o'clock there is It, tie chance that liquor can be de- livered to them in time for the retail trade. Liquor cannot be moved int othe state until repeal is an accomplished fact.
 Distributors, however, say there will be an abundant supply on hand Wednesday. To insure prompt delivery rAost of them are sending their own trucks to the distilleries and warehouses in New York and Pennsylvania so that sup plies can be rushed into the state without delay.
 The situation as to beer of from to z per cent is better, however. There are IS breweries in Connec- ticut, and all have prepared for repeal by making strong beer and ale and letting it age for several months. Supplies of this new brew, which will replace the 3.2 bever- age which has been on sale since last spring, will be rushed to tav- erns and package stores to-mor- row afternon when Utah wipes out prohibition with its formal ratiflca- tion of the twenty-first amend ment.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-12-04
SCHOLARSHIPS
 MEET THURSDAY
Eastern State Teachers Pick New London for
 Discussion Period

A meeting of the Eastern Con- neoticut Sch00lmen's group will be held at Connecticut college Thurs day. The topic under discussion will be The Ariticulation of the College and Secondary School. The principal speaker of the occasion will be Prof E. ID. Grizzell of the University of Pennsylvania. MT Grizzell is chairman of the conn mittee of 21 for the cooperative study of secondary school stand ards and accrediting procedure, Sponsored by the United States of- flee of education.
 The meeting will open with a business session in Knowlton house at o'clock at which Roy s. flag gard, principal of the Robert E. Fitch high school of Groton, will preside. Following the business ses- sion, the program of the afternoon will be gin with an address of well come by President Katharine Blunt of Connecticut college. The problem for discussion bill be presented by Miss Frances H. Clarke, assistant professor of education at Connecti- cut college. After informal presen- tation of various phases of the problem, there will be general diss cu-ssion.
 At the conclusion of the after noon session dinner will be served in Knoylton house. pr Gizzell's talk will be given after dinner.
 Members of the group who are interested in seeing the college will be taken around the campus before the musiness meeting by student guides who will show the visitors Windham house, the new d0rmitory housing 71 students; the Palmer library and the administra- fion and science buildings.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-12-04
TWO BROTHERS
 BELIEVED LOST
Both Were School Teach= CTS and Went Out Sat-
 urday Duck Hunting

Chicago, Dec H(U.P.) - Hope for. the safety of two brothers, both school teachers, missing since they set out Saturday in a small canoe on Lake Michigan, dwindled to-day as numerous searching parties re- turned. The men, Roy Rutledge. AS Chicago school principal, and Paul Rutledge, 36, De Kalb, III, high school instructor, set out on a duck hunt from Harbert, Mich. Hours later they were seen two miles off shore with the wind from the land.
 When they failed to return Sat urday night other members of the Prairie Club, began search. No real alarm was felt until their failure to return Sunday. An all day search by airplane pilots. mo- torboats and coast guardsmen de- veloped no trace of the men or their craft. Only the knowledge that Roy was an expert canoeist kept alive the meager hopes of re- latives and friends. Every foot of the lake for miles in every direc- tion was scanned from the sky and the surface. Other parties covered more than 50 miles of beaches.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-12-04
Father Coughlin Has
 Renelued His Attacks
(Continued from Page ll

that a newspaper depends for it's existence mot only upon circula- tion but especially upon advertis- ing" With this thought in mind, he said, with the millions of dol lars of advertising held over the heads of editors as club, try to fathom the statistics which have been presented to us by the committee on bank and currency of the United States senate"
 The statistics referred to by Fr Coughlin were those showing the extent of Morgan holdings in American industry.
 Teachings of Church
 F'r Coughlin also reiterated today his assertion that he is empowered by the teachings of his church to discuss other than strictly religious and ecclesiastical matters. In sup- port of this contention he quoted statements from Popes Leo XIII
 If I have enteEed the lists against Morganism," he said, 1T stand prepared to substantiate my statements relative to their finan- cial imperialism to their control of wealth, to their nomination and dictatorship in the economic sphere by governmental, indisputable facts"
 Fr Coughlin said "It is either Roosevelt or ruin" and added that the events of the past 10 days have proven to MT Smith and to those who oppose the president's S monetary program that they are playing with moral and political dynamite. The people of this na- tion are in no frame of mind to take a backward step, former po- litical ties and achievements not withstanding."
 Continuing his remarks regard ing the extent of the Morgan in- terests, Fr Coughlin said:
 "Is it any wonder then that there is such an institution as the tory press to uphold this Morgan ism, this financial slavery?
 "Editorial writers issuing a re- publican sheet in the morning and a democratic sheet in the after noon!
 "Is it any wonder that the old political parties Of yesterday-the democrats and the republicans, both with their faces turned to- wards the past-Were two names for one bondage?
 Leaders on both sides obligated through preferred lists to the Mor- gan!"
 Fr Ceughlin said that "again, in repeat, all newspapers do not be- long to that classification. But you have one in every major city which when it runs out of valid argu- ments to protect the interests of its patrons, stoops to islander, to lies, to the intrigue of framing an op- ponent-or, if he be a priest, en- deavors to misrepresent' him to his lawful spperiors, to the end that he is silenced and that his cause is disgraced."
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-12-04
PAINTINGS NOW
 ON EXHIBITION
Religious Paintings By Carl Schmitt at Matta-
 tuck Historical Hall

An exhibition of religious paint ings by Carl schmitt has been an- nounced at the Little Gallery at the Mattatuck Historical society begin-' ming to-day and continuing to De- cember 30. Recently Mir Schmitt'e exhibition at the Roerioh Gallery in New York attracted wide interest. Because of the utter beauty. of these pictures; for their fine ap- preciation of the dignity of Chris tian traditions as well as for their fine craftsmanship many of Mir Schmitt's pictures have been ac- quired by religious institutions and museums throughout the country" 1t is explained in cataloge intro- duetion,
 The following pictures are ina cluded in the group: Golden Tree, The Dance of Life, Nativity, Mid summer Night, Gethsemane, An- nunciation, Angel of the Resurrec- tien, Madonna in White, Guardian Angel, Guard, Adam and Eve, Ma donna in Orange. Pieta, and Second Night.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-12-04
SILK WORKERS
 RETURN TO DUTY

Paterson, N. J., Dec. 4-(UP)- More than 5000 broadsilk workers returned to duty today in the Pa terson district under an agreement between employers and the Union to end a strike involving 244 local mills.
 The workers won pay increases approximately 15 per cent, a 40- hour week and recognition of their union
 The remainder of the 5000 to 10000 broadsillx employees who have been on strike planned to go back to work as soon as agreements were signed for their divisions of the industry.
 Police were on duty at all of the mills but there was no disturbance. A number of family shops enl- ploying members of the owners family remained closed. These plants were picketed by union rep resentatives.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-12-04

(Continued from Page 1.) not changed. Metals such as copper and brass which have tumbled in value account chiefly for the six million dollar difference in the budget. Copper, alone, has dropped from IS cents to five cents. This item, itself, in factory inventories immediately cause an astounding difference.
 Some argued that if the city was to reduce the tax rate the city wa ter rates would have to be increas- ed. Next years tax xate, however, has been agreed on without the board of finance causing at this time any change in water rates. The tax reduction seems all the more remarkable in view of the fact that the finance board, the mayor and controller have voted to restore five per cent. of the 20 per cent voluntary wage and salary contribution on January 1st.
 Still another reason for the tax reduction being commendable is the fact that the redemption of bonds for next year will be $97,- 900 greater than this year.
 Then, too, the tax levy for 1884 has been discounted approximately 15 per cent as against a. discount of s per cent in the current years budget.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-12-04
SENSATION IN THE
 NEGRO HEARING

(Continued from Page 1.) actions after some of my decisions" Judge Callahan ordered Liebo- witz to desist from such action. T hope you will improve the judge continued.
 T am going to try this case like all other cases. I am not trying for any newspaper notoriety. "Now hape you'll bear these things in mind and act according ly.
 MT Sheriff, bring in the jury" The jury returned and cross-ex amining of Gilley continued with out a statement from Leibowitz. After a session marked by clash es of counsel and a rebuke from the presiding judge, the state this morning rested provisionally it's case against Clarence Norris, negro defendant in the Scottsboro assault case.
 The defense immediately opened presentation of deposition testimony from Ruby Bates, alleged victim who recanted in behalf of the de- fense.
 Norris is one of seven negroes granted new trials by the United States supreme court after they had been sentenced to death at Scottsboro. Ala, on charges of as- saulting Miss Bates and Victoria Price. aboard a freight train March 25, 1881.
 Miss Bates testimony was taken in dispositions in New York where she is i'll. The dispositions did not arrive in time to be presented dur ing the third trial last week of Haywood Patterson, who again was convicted and given the death penalty.
 She first denied the accusations against the negroes during Patter- sons second, trial here last spring when he was found guilty the sec ond time but granted another new trial on grounds of insufficient evil dence.
 Attorneys indicated Norris fate probably would be put in the hands of the jury late to-day. The state was expected to conclude its case with the testimony of Orville Gill; ley, a white youth, who says he saw the negroes attack the two wo. men.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-12-04
Fourteen Years With Drys WU Soon End
(Coutinued from Page D

vened it's convention which voted against ratification of repeal. Il was the first state to do so. North Carolina, the only other state to remain faithful to the 18th amendment, will hold its conven- ton Thursday.
 In New York, Benjamin Decas- seres, the author and bon vivant, planned to have a hrghball in one hand and g. United Press telegraph operator at his elbow. The moment the instrument flashed the word that Utah had acted, he will down the highball.
 Agencies Swamped
 Washington, Dec 4-(UP)- Problems of controlling the return of legalized liquor swamped gov- ernmental agencies today as the of- ficial end of Americas era of pro- hibition drew near.
 Issuance of permits for liquor importations was suspended for re- vision of quotas as foreign fines and liquor shipments neared the nations borders by rail and water from Canada, Mexico and Europe.
 The control situation was ex- pected to be clarified upon the re- turn of President Roosevelt to the capital during the day and as- sumption of office by Joseph H. Choate as chairman of the federal alcohol control administration.
 In advance of his formal induc- ton into office, Choate halted the issuance of import permits and in- dicaetd they would be held up un- 4 e l. I>1 comes an accomplished fact.
 The end of prohibition will come between 2p. m. and p. m. EST, tomorrow when Utah formally rat flies the 21st amendment to the amendment. President Roosevelt and Acting Secretary of State Phil lips plan to issue proclamations signalizing the event.
 The presidents proclamation was expected to revoke emergency federal taxes of $220,000,000 a year on gasoline, capital stock and divi- dends.
 Meanwhile hearings started on a code for wholesalers. It was eX- pected to be completed by tomor- row. A code for rectifiers will be taken up then. Later domestic vintners will be brought under government regulation.
 More than 1,200 importers sought permits. They sought to bring in 12,000,000 gallons of for- eign liquor, although the govern ment had planned to restrict im- portations to 4,S00,000 gallons.
 States To End It
 Salt Lake City, Utah, Utah, Dec 4-(UP)-Officia set the stage to- day for Utah's spotlight part in prohibition repeal to be accom- plished tomorrow when 21 dele gates meet and ratify the 21st amendment.
 Utah will be the 36th and last needed state to ratify. It will bring an end to IA years of prohibition, sometime between two and three p. m. (EST). The moment the convention ratifies, liquor will be- come legal in all states not having dry lafs.
 Conventions meet tomorrow in Pennsylvania and Ohio, but Utah delegates were determined to vote last. If necessary, it was announced '.convenient recesses" will be taken until Ohio, the only possible com-
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-12-04

sive evidence on the presence or absence of water vapor. Our infor- nation is obtained from a spectro- scopic study of the effect of the vapors on the sunlight which they received from the sun and reflect into space. In time no doubt this method of attack will yield the de- sifed information. 1t Is further possible that no direct sunlight can ever reach the surface of Venus. Tn spite of certain astro- homie characteristics in winch that planet resembles the earth. the surface conditions will undoubt- edly be very different from those which the earth has developed in its course of evolution. At the pres ent time these must remain only a matter of speculation.
 Mars is still an evening star this month but is low down over the southwestern horizon at sunset. Jupiter has been a morning star for the past few months; while 1t still is to be observed in the morning sky only it's distance from the sun is increasing and it rises we'll before sunrise. It is a beau tiful sight in the constellation of Virgo. saturn is an evening star and will be in conjunction with Venus on the 21st; at that time the distance between these two planets will be only twenty nin- utes of arc, a distance equal to about two-thirds of the diameter of the lunar disk.
 The sun reaches the winter sbl- stice, the furthest southerly point of the ecliptic circle, on the send at 1:5S a. m. It is then said to en-. ter the sign of Caprieornus and this marks the official beginning of the winter for the northern hemisphere. Our days are at their very shortest, while the inhabi- tants of the southern hemisphere are enjoying their longest days and the coming of their summer. At the South Pole the day is dawn ing and soon Little America will De a scene of human activity as the Byrd expedition reaches its land ing for the establishment of base camp.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-12-04

speech at New York mass meet ing last Monday night.
 "It was uncharitable and deep ly regret it. I am not explaining extenuating or excusing no
 one has ordered 1t or suggested it."
 Msgr Belford's statement was
 broadcast over the station WLWL.
 Following his speech today Fr
 Coughlin announced that he had
 received the following telegram from Msgr Belford:
 Monsignor Belford Regrets
 Regret uncharitable interview. , Will broadcast apology today three. ]. WLWL Extremely sorry"
 In his interview early last week Msgr Belford had referred to Fr Coughlin as "an internal nuisance" and "a public enemy who makes it his business to cater to : tho mob :"
 Tn giving out Msgr Belford's tel egram to newspapermen Fr i, Coughlin remarked that 'John i. Raskob will be next to Al Smith after him." Both MT Raskob and MT Smith . have taken issue with Father . Coughlin's utterances. Referring to the Smith statement : in his speech today, Father Cough lin said:
 "Tf I disagree with MT Smiths . financial philosophy, let no man no editor except a liar-maintain . that I do not admire the ex-gover- nor's Christian morality. "This I said last Sunday. Never have I spoken contrary to this. However, have been accused . of lying for having referred in last . Sundays discourse to a certain : visit made by MT Smith to 'Mor- gans office, for having claimed . that MT Smith obtained a loan |, therefrom."
 Father Coughlin said the inci- 1927. "Just previous to a great meeting of ecclesiastics and laymen . in one of our large cities" He repeated his previous state- ment that two Roman Catholic bishops accompanied MT Smith by . automobile to Morgan's office when there was occasion to ar- range substantial loan to finance ! the Empire State building" Father Coughlin said that "all week long silence has reigned in Wall street. Hardly one voice was . raised in public to impede the pol icies of Franklin Roosevelt. It was the silence of a beaten bully who realizes that he can dominate and intimidate no longer the American public.
 He added that the 'tory news papers, decided to humble me for having played even a small part in this contest for economic emanci- pation."
 ''I immediately exempt from that category not only the news jour nals who are favorable to MT Roosevelt's financial reforms-re- forms that are intended to free us from the gold standard-but also those decent American publications which although they differ in pol icy from what have advocated nevertheless have not forgotten the principles of fairness and of hon. esty.
 ''Their number is legion. They are to be congratulated"
 Father Coughlin quoted what he said were governmental figures to illustrate the scope of the J. P. Morgan company interests. He said
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-12-04
EMPLOYES OF THE
 CITY TO GET RAISE
(continued from Page 1.)

(Continued from Page 1.) have been regarded as fancies to attract votes.
 Today's action of the board, the mayor and the controller, is off, eial and final. By making this wage and salary adjustment, Mayor Hayes, Controller Leary and the finance board very clearly indicat- ed their confidence in the city, it's financial position and in the fu- ture. Such a spirit is very edify- ing, it is felt.
 Teachers, policemen, firemen and others all along the line will glee- fully receive news of today's vote of the finance board, it is expect ed, and will not be aniss in ac- eepting the good news in the spirit of Yuletide. Employees of other cities and towns in the state est in the good fortune of their creates hope for them. When distressing conditions called for drastic economies and voluntary wage contributions sometime ago, everyone marveled at the noble spirit of Waterbury's employees in so willingly making a sacrifice. Other cities and towns soon followed their splendid ex- ample. That is one of the reasons city officials are so anxious to make restoration as early as possi- ble.
 It is worthy of note, officials stated today, that at no time have any groups or individuals asked or tried ot influence city officials to return a percentage of the "cuts." The action was purely voluntary on the part of the board, the may or and the controller.