davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-07-04
Workmanship Is Poor


You fire particles of subatomic
size at the atoms you wish to smash.
The particles may be electrons, neu-
irons, the nuclei of hydrogen or
helium atoms.
But the trouble is that your
craftsmanship isn't very good You
smash an atom only when you make
direct hit and you fire thousands
upon thousands of particles to get
one hit
In the gross, therefore, you are
using up great deal of energy to
release only very, very little. The
need is for an inventor who can
improve craftsmanship.
An inventor also is needed to i'm
prove the power sources for these
demonstrating experiments Scien-
fists, of course, are alert to this
fact, and many of them are work.
ing upon the subject
ElectrOns Are ammunition"
In the original experiments, as,
for example, those of Lord Ruther-
ford, the only known source of
swiftly particles was radium
and the other radioactive sub
stances.
Radium, because it's atoms are
diSintegrating spontaneously, gives
off three kinds of rays, one of which
consists of alpha particles or the
nuclei of helium atoms. These were
used as the bombarding particles in
the original experiments.
Next, swiftly moving electronS
were used These were produced in
vacuum tubes by the use of ex-
tremely high voltages An electric
current is a stream of electrons.
The higher the voltage, the faster
the electron stream moves.
Vacuum Tubes Favored
Another method is to subject par
ticles, the nuclei of heavy hydrogen
atoms or deutonS, for example, to
intense magnetic fields.
This is the method used with so
much success by Professor E. o.
Lawrence and his associates at the
University of California. In their
experiments, the deutons are caught
up in the magnetic field and whirled
around, like stone in a slingshot,
until they obtain tremendous veloc-
tiles.
The chances for quantity produc-
ton" seem best at this time with
the vacuum tube method providing
that some fairly inexpensive way
can be devised to develop the needed
voltages.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-07-04
} Help Wanted-MaIe

as housekeeper in respectable middle
aged widower's home. For home as
much as wages 628 IOckerhie ST
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-07-04
-Dietz on Science
ATOM SMASHING
ON VAST SCALE
AIM OF SCIENCE
Gigantic Source of Energy
Now Is Dormant,
SaVantS Aver.
BY DAVID DIETZ
Soripps-Howar Science Editor

Quantity production in atom
smashing is the big need of the
world today
The scientist VIII turns the trick
will go down in history as one Of
the worlds greatest inventors, for
he will make the energy of the
atom available to turn the wheels
of industry and transportation
Scientists have settled beyond any
reasonable doubt that it is possible
to smash or disintegrate certain
atoms in such a way that more
energy is released by the disinte-
grafton than is consumed in caus-
ing it,
Writing from Chicago last week
where I heard the foremost scien-
lists engaged in these experiments
report on their work at the summer
session of the American Association
for the Advancement of Science, I
referred to atom smashing as an
artillery game.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1933-08-04
CODE CUTS
Union Hours, Not Wages,
President Green Holds

Washington.-Em employers who have
contracts with trade unions will be
expected to reduce the number OF
hours for industrial workers to 35 a
week, without reduction in weekly
earnings, if they accept President
Roosevelt's voluntary blanket code as
an emergency measure to increase
employment until specific codes are
adopted. William Green, president OF
the American Federation of Labor,
declared in discussing rumors OF
wage reductions for union members
under Roosevelt's proposal.
Mr.. Green pointed out that the code
provides that clerical workers shall be
employed no longer than 40 hours a
week and shall be paid from $12 to
SIS week, depending on the COM
munity, while mechanical employees
are to be employed 35 hours week
during the emergency period until
December L. A maximum work week
of 40 hours may be adopted for six
weeks, but the employe must not be
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1933-08-04

such expert, technical and trained
service as the American Federation
OF Labor can supply. There is no way
by which these workers may engage
IN collective bargaining except
through the establishment of federal
labor unions affiliated with the Amer
ican Federation of Labor.
"The officers and members of these
federal unions will be free to choose
American Federation of Labor rep
resentatives to speak for them and
TO represent them in wage negotia-
tions at hearings where questions af-
fectlng their interests are considered
under the authority of the industrial
recovery act.
I'm following such a plan of organ
ization the American Federation of
Labor Is not in any way departing
from the form of organization and the
traditional policy which it has pur-
sued from the beginning. This policy
is the only one by which the workers
can become organized and enjoy the
benefits of collective bargaining as
provided for in Section z of the in
dustrial recovery act"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1933-08-04
GLASS BOTTLE
Blowers Win Twenty Per
Cent Pay Increase

Atlantic City-A 20 per cent in
crease in wages was secured for
1000 men in the hand blown depart
ment of the Glass Blowers Associa-
ton of the United States and Can
ada in negotiation with representa-
tives of the National Association of
Glass Bottle Manufacturers here.
Restoration of the 1882 scale, which
was reduced last summer, was thus
completed. 1t takes effect September
/, at the expiration of the present
annual contract Negotiations affect
ing the 5000 skilled union workers in
the automatic machine branch of the
industry will take place shortly
The manufacturers, according to
their president, Charles B. Garwood.
of Baltimore, believe prompt and
open agreement on wages is in har-
mony with the spirit of the industrial
recovery act and proper prelimi-
nary to the submission of code of
fair competition. The latter is being
completed by the Glass Container As
sociation, with which this group is
affiliated.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1933-08-04
THROUGH A
WmanHs Eyes
SHALL WE FIGHT FOR
OUR "RIGHTs"9
BY JEAN NEWTON

"DEAR JEAN NEWTON: What
- do you think of fighting for q
constitutional amendment to insure
women equal rightsf Right now In
Washington the National Womsn's
party is doing just that and the Ma
tional Womsn's Trade Union league is
opposing 1t. Here are some Of the ar
gumsnts OF the women who think they
need to amend the constitution to get
their rights In this country-I think
they ought 10 live for q while In
China; then they'd realize how lucky
they are. without fighting for any more
rights"
This IL what our reader has clipped
from a newspaper in support OF COM
psliing the legislators to write into
the constitution our equality with
men:
To-day the civil rights of woman
can be extended or restricted at the
caprice OF any state legislative author
ity, 80 that woman'E right to earn
her living In the trades or professions,
or In the uses Of the powers Of her
mind or body, can be defined, per-
mitted, or denied by state legislative
suthority."
We don't have 70 60 to China TO
realize how well of American women
are. There ID no place on the face Of
the earth where women enjoy more
legal protection and more actual con.
sidsration from men-and very few
where their position can be compared
with ours. In my opinion, women In
this country enjoy not only equal
rights with men, but they also enjoy
special privileges. Sit in any court
room OF the country for just one day,
II you need TO be convinced Of that.
There 10 the one exception-thRt wom-
en- do not receive as high salaries as
men In corresponding positions. But
/ don't see how anything written into
the constitution or the law will COM
pei any employer to pay woman S10,-
GOO year II he can get her for 81, 900 I
That Is one Of those things that take
time.
No, unless there exist In some states
legal determinations against or abuse
Of women which I know nothing about.
I can see no point In fighting to have
womens rights written into the con-
stitution. 1t seems to me people must
dearly love fight to waste time and
energy to fight for something they al
ready have
O. lsss. Ben syndioats.-wNU Services.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1933-08-04
FIRE FIGHTERS GAIN
in MEMBERSHIP

Observation-Disclosures of the In
ternational Association of Fire Fight
ers report substantial increase in the
strength of the organization during
the first half of 1888.
New locals have been organized in
number of cities. Those at West
Allisn Wis, and Saratoga Springs,
N. Y, have 100 per cent member
ship, while the locals at Houston,
Tex, and Detroit, Mich, have signed
up practically all the fire fighters in
those jurisdictions. The Detroit local
has membership of 1900.
The fire fighters of Louisville, KY,
affiliated with the international asso-
citation after belligerent opposition
due to the fact that they were fore
ed to take part in political cam
paings. The fire fighters smashed
this game. The major opposition to
affiliation came from the Louisville
of Civic Clubs, headed by James w.
Solley, president, supported affiliation
and sent circular letter to the off,
cials of every city in the United
States where the fire fighters are
affiliated with the international as
sociation requesting an opinion as to
the advisability of fire department
members belonging to such an asso-
citation.
Only one reply disapproved affilia-
tion, and that came from a city where
the officials of the fire fighters put
up strenuous fight against the
yellow dog" contract.
The headquarters of the Interna-
national Association of Fire Fighters
is in the American Federation Of La
Dor building. It's official journal is the
international Fire Fighter"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1933-08-04
CHARGE
Discrimination Against I'm
ion Organizers

Washington, D. C. ULNS)-Meet-
ing to discuss possible steps to stop
discrimination against union organi-
zation activities all over the nation,
the Labor Advisory Board of the ma
tional recovery administration decided
to bring the matter to the attention
of Gen. Hugh S. Johnson, recovery
administrator. 1t was expected Gen.
Johnson would soon issue statement
clarifying the stand of the recovery
administration on the matter.
The Labor Advisory Board heard
reports from a score of unions to the
effect that representatives in many
industries who have offered their
services to wage earners desiring to
form union have been confronted
with the discharge of those seeking
the information.
DIR. Leo Wolman, chairman of the
board, presided. Spokesman for work
ers in the textile, coal and other in
dusrties reported that discrimination
was being practiced by employers in
many sections against those sp-
preaching union agents for informa-
ton.
In the case of the textile union, it
was asserted that the specific provi-
sions of this code, now in effect, ba-
ring discrimination because of union
membership. were being violated.
The labor advisory committee des-
ignated President William Green, Of
the American Federation Of Labor, as
the labor spokesman to present Of
| ficially labor's case when the steel
code comes up for public hearings.
These hearings will serve as a test
of the bona fide unions as against the
company union"
Although the proposed steel code
includes the mandatory provisions Of
the recovery act governing collective
bargaining, it also contains strong
declaration for the "open shop" which
organized labor declares nullifes the
collective bargaining clauses.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1933-08-04

While six persons slept burglars
removed furniture and other articles
from Kansas City residence.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1933-08-04
Employment Still Increases
But Rate of Gain Slackens
Trade Union Unemployment Figures Warning Business
Has Not Moved Speedily Enough in Reorganizing
Under National Recovery Act, William Green De-
clares-Co-operation with President Urged

Washington, d. C. GLNS)-Em-
ployment continues to gain, trade are
still we'll over 100000 persons out
of work, President William Green, of
the American Federation Of Labor re-
ports.
President Green declared that the
figures emphasize the urgent need of
quick action under the national indus
trial recovery act and warned that if
the return of men to work is slowed
up, the whole recovery program is
doomed.
In making public the report, Presi-
dent Green said:
''Trade union reports showed employ
ment still gaining in the first part
of July, but the gain is considerably
less than it was in June. Our
weighted figures show the progress
made each month since the March
crisis; the per cent of membership
going back to work was: April, 0.5;
May 0.3; June, 1.3; July or (prelim-
inary).
Despite these gains, 23.8 per cent
of the membership were still without
work in July preliminary figure).
Our weighted figures for other
months are: April 26.1 per cent un-
employed; May 25.8 per cent; June,
24.5 pier cent.
Each month this spring trade
union reports have indicated the en-
ployment trend tbout three weeks be-
fore government figures were avail
able. The government records and
union figures have both indicated: A
considerable gain in employment in
April as industry reacted from crisis,
a smaller gain in May, the largest
gain of all in June as industry has
tened operations to get ahead OF
codes. Since union and government
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1933-08-04
Nazareth Hosiery Company
''Puts Over" Company Union
Strong Arm" Tactics of Kraemer Concern Will be De-
scrbed to Officials of National Recovery Adminstra-
ton by Heads of Hosiery Workers Union.

Nazareth, Pa. ILNS)-How the
Kraemer Hosiery Company of this
town formed its company union with
the aid of police, intimidation and
various forms of "muscling" will be-
come one of the prize stories which
will be told to the officials of the
MIRA by the officials of the Amer
lean Federation of FUN Fashioned
Hosiery Workers.
The Kraemer Hosiery Company,
which about three years ago figured
in one of the most sensational smaller
strikes OF the past decade, put over
its "employe representation plan" in
! fine style. There had been talk of
unionism in the mill and finally boss
Arthur Schmidt got his people to-
gether and talked to them about
MIRA. 81 can't stop you from join
ing an outside union" Schmidt told
the boys and girls, "but / would pre-
fer you to join shop union"
The mill had been in uproar for
days A committee saw Schmidt who
agreed that there should be a show
down. 1t was agreed between the
employer and the workers that there
should be meeting in a public place
at which representative of the union
| and the boss should speak. Both rep
| resentatives would then withdraw
and the workers would vote as to
what sort of union they wanted
When Organizer E. F. Gallaghan
arrived from Reading with Harry
| Boyer, local strike leader, to talk to
the Kraemer employees, to his surprise
he found the meeting was being held
IN the movie theatre of the town.
At the doorway, the bosses were all
lined up. The town police were there
in force all set to see that the con-
stitutional rights of the workers were
| looked after. Gallaghan and Boyer
got into the meeting. Boss Schmidt
opened the proceedings. A draft of
the company union was presented
The superintendent of the company
! r. Hartzell famous for his admis-
sion on oath that he committed per-
jury to aid his boss get an iniunction)
had somehow previously been named
chairman of the employees commit
tee.
The temper of the meeting devel-
oped very quickly. The impartial
| chairman, Mr.. Schmidt, spotted Gal
laghan and had the cops escort the
union representative out of the meet
ing. when you get outside, turn
down the street and keep going" the
Nazarine cop told Gallaghan. Shortly
after that Boyer, of Reading, was
spotted and chased out. Union men
from the Allentown plant of the Krae-
mer Company who tried to speak up
for the union were also chased out.
A group of Jersey knit cloth workers
in two Kraemer mills in this district
who had been organized three or four
weeks ago into United Textile
Workers local, also tried to object to
the high-handed tactics of Schmidt
They were soon silenced too and
finally almost all the real union peo-
pie left the theatre.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1933-08-04

Washington, d. c. (ILNS)-To an
extent never expected, the American
Federation of Labor is plunging into
the field of collective bargaining di-
rectly, and may soon be drawn into
wage negotiations and recovery act
proceedings as the spokesman for
great numbers of workers who have
no international union.
This situation is the result of the
present national organizing cam
paign, through which workers in the
mass production industries are being
organized in federal unions directly
chartered by the A. F. of L.
With headquarters office opened
in Detroit, inroads are being made
in the automobile industry, though
not without the stiff opposition of the
great auto makers. In the steel CEN
ters organizing work also is going
forward. In the auto and steel CEN
ters the federation has put some of
its best and shrewdest campaigners.
Workers, under the freedom estab
lished by the recovery act, are liter
ally fiocking into unions.
An example of union methods was
found this week in this city when the
Bookkeepers' and Stenographers
Union, E. J. Tracy, president, went
into newspapers with a three-quarter
page display advertisement calling
upon office workers to organize.
President Green explained the or
ganizing situation in statement in
which he said:
''The American Federation of La
Dor is pursuing it's traditional pol
icy in organizing the workers in the
automobile, rubber, steel and miscel-
laneous industries. The establish
ment of federal labor unions in mass
production industries means that the
American Federation of Labor itself
will represent these federal labor
unions as they are directly chartered
by the parent organization.
Federal labor unions have been
formed by the American Federation
of Labor for many years. Through
this form of organization the workers
who do not come under the iurisdic-
tion of national and international un-
ions already formed become identified
with the organized labor movement.
The American Federation of Labor
represents these federal labor unions
just the same as national and inter-
national unions represent local organ
izations directly chartered by them.
Through these federal labor unions
the workers in mass productionn in
dustries may become organized, may
engage in collective bargaining and
may be represented by men of their
own choosing, as provided for in the
industrial recovery act
"As matter of convenience and
practicability federal labor unions will
be established at different plants if
conditions seem to make it necessary
SO that the workers may conveniently
conduct their business affairs. In con-
sidering industrial codes applicable to
these mass production industries the
workers will be given the benefit of
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1933-08-04

figures correspond so closely, it is safe
to assume that the July trade union
figure indicates what is happening in
industry at large, namely, that the
June industrial sprint is slackening
off.
"This slackening was to be expect
ed. Employment normally falls off
seasonally in July; also, the feverish
industrial activity of June this year
was clearly abnormal and could not
be expected to continue. Reports
from industry indicate this same
slackening: The long rise in steel mill
activity (since March 25) has stop
ped, automobile production is slack
ening, electric power production has
declined, building contracts are drop
ping off again.
"Union unemployment figures for
July come as warning that busi-
ness has not been quick enough to
reorganize itself under the recovery
program The presidents general
code comes just in time. If we allow
the return of men to work to be
slackened off, the whole program is
doomed.
"Our unemployment estimate for
the country as a whole shows that,
(excluding family workers who have
found employment on farms) over
100000 persons have gone back to
work from March to June. Industrial
employment made its largest increase
in June, when over 100000 went back
to work, compared wits 100000 IN
May and 100000 in April. In addi-
tion work on farms has increased
tse total number of jobs available.
But despite these gains, and the
smaller gains in July, we'll over H.
100000 persons are still without
woits."
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1933-08-04

worked in excess of eight hours per
day.
Not Devised to Reduce Wages
"My understanding of the blanket
code is that it was never intended
as device for reducing wages" said
Mr.. Green.
''The primary purpose of the act is
to reduce unemployment and to IN
crease wages. If reduction in the
number of hours worked by employees
in any line of industry is brought
about under the operation of the
blanket code, the wages paid for the
reduced number of hours must be as
great as those under the longer hours
worked.
Code Forbids Cuts
This provision is sustained by Sec
tion 7 of the blanket code, which
states as follows:
mot to reduce the compensation
for employment now in excess of the
minimum wages hereby agreed to
notwithstanding that the hours
worked in such employment may be
hereby reduced) and to increase the
pay for such employment by an equit-
able readjustment of all pay sched-
ules.'
"For example, suppose contract
between union workers and an en-
ployer in shop provides for "A hours
a week. In the event that the en-
ployer agrees to the blanket code, ne
is expected to reduce his hours to 80
and 40 as provided in the voluntary
code. The pay must be at least as
much as that paid under the 44-hour
week"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1933-08-04
1,2O0 Striking Silk Weavers
Back to Work; 1,50O Refuse

Pawtucket, R. About l,200 weav-
ers in eight silk mills here returned
to work on a four-loom basis, 40
hours per week and $3.50 per 1000
picks. The workers accepted the con-
ditions pending the approval of uni
form rayon and silk code by the
national industrial recovery admins
tration in Washington.
Fifteen hundred operators in three
mills remained on strike.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1933-08-04
GLASS WORKERS AND BOSSES
DEADLOCK OVER WAGE RATES

Atlantic City, N. AT the end of
a five-day deadlock, wage negotiation, Is
between the American Flint Glass
Workers Union and the National As
sociation Of Manufacturers of Press
ed and Blown Glassware recess
on July % until date in September
to be announced. The next meeting
will be held in Pittsburgh, Pa.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1933-08-04
Boulder Dam Gets
$4,000, 900; Steady Jobs
For 5000 Planned

Washington.-El Elwood Mead, COM
missioner of reclamation, reported to
the Cabinet Advisory Board that
1000 men are now employed at the
Boulder Dam site, and that for every
one employed there, "a other men
were employed elsewhere as a result.
From July l until completion of the
project, he estimated would require
60,888, 1896 "man hours" of work.
The board recently set aside $685.
100000 for Boulder Dam, including
$10,000,000 to purchase machinery. 1t
is estimated the money will provide
steady work for 5000 men throughout
the year at construction sites.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1933-08-04
A. +. of l.. Sweeps Forward
With Organizing Campaign
GREEN POINTS ROUTE
TO NEW UNIONIST ARMY

Federal Unions Being Formed in Mass Production Indus
tries, Including Autos and Steel-Organizng Office
Operates in Detroit, While Membership Leaps
Upward.