davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-04
ROOSEVELT SENDS
DEMAGOGIC PLEA
CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE,

temporary exchange fixing is not the
true answer" ct Is not the true
answer Of Wall Streets present policy
Of speedy inflation) We must rather
mitigate existing embargoes to make
easier the exchange of products of
which one nation has and the other
has not"
Sharper Than Last World War
AT no time before the outbreak of
the last world war, mainly around the
struggle of Germany and Great Brit
ain for world economic supremacy,
was there such plain speaking about
the struggle for markets The logical
extension and the next step of the
Roosevelt declaration is the actual
preparation for war to back I'D the
struggle for markets-as this is the
decisive means for insuring markets.
Breakup Of Conference.
The immediate result will be the
breakup Of the London conference,
though all sorts of face-saving declar-
ations may be issued and signed. The
policy of American capitalism of un-
oridled Initiation to achieve the w1snes
of the dominant trusts in this coun-
try will lead to the further under
mining Of the stability of the capital
ist world monetary system and
medium of exchange of money and
commodities. This will intensity the
chaos of world capitalism. Roosevelt
and the American capitalists intend
to use the weapon of imitation not
only at home in the interest of the
big banks and leading trusts, but as
well on the world market to smash
down the tariff walls in the other
imperialiSt countries and their COL
onies.
Building Warships
This explains in great part the
fervor with which Roosevelt pro-
ceeded to carry out the warship
building section Of the public works
program under the industrial "recov-
cry" act. 1t explains the rapid mobil-
ization on a war scale of American
industry.
Overlooking for the sake of his
message that Wall Street is now
spending more than ever before since
the world war for ornaments and
war preparations, Roosevelt said that
reduced costs of government, ade-
quate government income and ability
to serve its government debts are all
so important to ultimate stability"
This is aimed at the ornaments of
Wall Streets competitors for the
world markets and for a redivision
of the world colonies. 1t is aimed like
wise at England and France because
Of their outright or virtual debt de-
faults on June 15
Though mentioning reduced costs
Of government" Roosevelt omits the
fact that the United States govern
ment during his regime piled up tho
largest deficit of the whole crisis
period, sum of over 100000 600
most of which went to substitute the
big bankers and corporations through
the Reconstruction Finance Corpora
ton.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-04

continuance of the Nazi regime.
Hitler speaking to a convention
OF storm troop leaders, declared:
Il will crush brutally and ruthless
ly every attempt made by reaction
airy or other circles to overthrow
the present order" Then, referring
presumably to the growing disillu-
Sionment in the ranks of his own
followers among those elements who
took seriously the Socialism" of the
Nazi program, Hitler added: Il will
turn equally ruthlessly against the
So-called second revolution, because
that can have only chaotic conse-
quences"
The Hitler bandits who have in
stalled themselves in the seats of
power are now reaping the whirl-
wind Of their prediction demagogy.
Hitler, who was going to abolish I'M
employment, create a Greatir Ger
many, get rid of the Versailles
Treaty, make German industry
prosperous and raise the wages of
the German workers, has only sue
ceeded in exposing every promise
as false, in bringing industry to the
verge of ruin, in captivating in
front of the Versailles Treaty, and
bringing Germany to the threshold
of new inflationary period.
Hitler Discussions His Own Followers.
On May 27, 100000 mark sub
sidy was granted to the shipping
magnateS. The prices of fats have
been raised by decree. The exposure
of the inability of the NaziS to solve
any of the problems that face the
German people has proceeded so far
that already signs are apparent of
revolt even in the Mar ranks
against their leaders. The other
day four Nazi captains were sud-
denly jailed Today, reports from
Vienna state that 200 "insubordi-
nate" Nazi storm troopers have
been interned in the Dachau con-
centration camp.
Hitler declared that the m ain
task of the National Revolution
now was the solution of the I'M
employment problem" This is the
basic problem that neither Hitler
nor any fascist dictatorship that
lives in the service of monopoly
capital, can solve. With much
trumpeting Hitler proclaimed one
year and four year plans to CON
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-04


months British ruling circles felt the
pressure Of their own public opinion,
and of their business circles which
suffered losses as the result of the
imposition of the embargo.
Act of Aggression
THE embargo was nothing but an
act of economic aggression against
the U. S. S. r. The British imperial
lists chose as a pretext and only as a
pretext, the trial of several employees
of the Metro ickers Electric Co.
Adventurous elements of British i'm
perialism pursued aims having moth
ing in common with protection of
British subjects The richards be-
lieyed the embargo would be the
starting point for the mobilization of
antiSoviet forces of the whole world
for the purpose of organizing econo-
mic war against the U. S. S. r. Ger
tain diehards even prated that the
embargo would force the U. S. S. R
to show her weakness and believed
the embargo would encourage the
German fascists in their new role OF
"rescuers" of Europe from Bolshe-
vism.
Difficult British Position
ut was not the U. S. s. R. which
showed weakness. 1t was the ex-
tremely difficult position of British
imperialism which was revealed The
embargo did not improve, on the con-
trary it worsened the British foreign
trade and the position of its in
dustries.
ut was not so easy to apply the
Ottawa decisions as was believed in
London three months ago. The Eng
fish workers, not only the Commu-
nists, realized without difficulty, the
real main aims of the embargo.
Protest Movement Grew
"Since April extensive protest mo-
vements had not ceased against the
anti-Soviet schemes of the British
imperialists. Hundreds of protest
meetings and numerous resolutions
we're adopted by various workers
organizations testifying to the deer
indignation of the British working
masses caused by the imposition Of
the embargo. The diehards did not
succeed in deceiving the working
class of England, but they succeeded
/ in evoking the anger of millions OF
unemployed and employed workers
for whom the embargo and suspen-
sion of Soviet orders became fresh
menace and deterioration of theil
living standards.
1.-THE diehards miscalculated in the
sense that no other country followed
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-04
Those Who Plot Intervention Cannot Fight Fascism

WE Hiqut leading
" bers of the Socialist
financial aid Russian Socialists"
Paris The collected by this Committee supposed
lief of the victims o Htlers
The Daily" believes
opinion for
the immediate assistance to the sufferers of Fascist terror and for the
against
political purpose expressed in Hiquts letter.
1t relief" 1t phrase
victims dictatorship homeland"
WHAT this "terrorc
government of the workers and peasants in the Soviet Union which
has ovehown capitalism
in building Socialism government peasants
based on proetaran democracy which has abolished
which has established
all workers and is the first the where political
is security &c in the hands Of the working class
Union that the Socialist leaders come asking American workers for fl
nancial contributions
qu of the American Socialist Party was chosen
the property which the workers had seized for tTei %
HIqu American Socialist
said that the oil fields illegally
imnoraly seized from their righfu owners"
Russian Socialist cqu Hqut
the American Socialist leaders And they actively
put their beliefs action clques
Paris and Berlin by their confession have been
ting to overthrow the present workers government in the Soviet Union
LoUIs leading American Socialists bangles before
q the of the workers pleading telegram
is
the leader of potters against
the Soviet Union tried and convicted the basis of confessions from
sian Social Democrats who pseny fought Lenn and the
the Bosevk
entrusted by the Soviet Government with high
missions which had the task of carrying
into the Soviet
the work of sabotage wreckng and counter revolutionary
THE leaders appeal for money
full
the trial Of the wrecking party In
brought out at these
Party called the Mnsevks had formed two main committees
the destruction of the Soviet
called the Central Committee and
called
Now let us listen the testimony at the trial
leading the Social
active Abramovitch, spoke:
"Up to 1926 communication abroad
letters
question with Dan and Abramovitch his
the Central Committee with
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-04

outside the playground. But when
William v. Banks, attorney for the
International Labor Defense, was
speaking police again broke up the
meeting, arresting Banks and an
other worker. Both were later re-
leased.
The International Labor Defense is
organizing a protest against the ter
roristic actions of the police who have
broken up number of outdoor
meetings recently.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-04

Shortly afterward the policeman
returned with flying squad armed
with tear gas and riot guns. Gas
bombs were hurled into the crowd
and the police car charged into the
crowd forcing them to scatter to es-
cape being run down. At the same
time, the crowd was covered with riot
guns in case there should be any re-
sistance.
The workers aroused by this brut-
atty gathered again on the corner
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-04

of those present were Negro workers.
One of Mayor Couzens' police in
terrupted Frank Sykes, chairman of
the meeting and leader of the
struggles of the Negro masses in De-
troit, and demanded that the meet
ing disperse because no permit had
been issued. Sykes, who is candidate
for city council on the united work
ers' ticket, refused to break up the
meeting after the workers present
shouted that they refused to leave.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-04
EXPOSE BRITISH COLONIAL
BRUTALITIES

LONDON.-Exposure Of terroriZa-
ton and brutal treatment Of Negroes
in the British imperialists' African
colonies has been forced in parlia-
ment here by the Negro Welfare As,
ISOLATION.
The Colonial Secretary was forced
to admit floggings, but tried to shift
the responsibility to the native chief
of the village, who is also the govern
ment tax collector. The governments
said that an inquiry would be started.
but at the same time announced 1t
would collect 10 per cent more taxes
from the natives. 81
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-04

quer unemployment" No more
references are now made to these
plans" Forced labor concentra-
ton camps for the German youth
are the Hitler governments contri-
button to solving the unemployment
problem.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-04
Use Gas, Clubs to Smash Meet
in Negro Section OF Detroit

DETROIT, July Tear and police clubs were used
brutal attack outdoor meeting of 5000 workers held
here in the playground at Livingston and Brady Streets in
the heart of the Negro section The meeting organized
by the League of Struggle for Negro Rights and the majority
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-04
HITLER WARNS AGAINST
ANTI-NAn REVOLUTION
Admits Growing Danger of Revolt AS Fascist
DemagOgy Wears Thin
Disaffection Spreading Among Storm
Troopers Worries Chancellor

BERLIN July SThe gathering of resentment
opposition against the Naz dictatorship
notice speech
catastrophe economic conditions which Hitler
the heroic fight the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-04
Lifting of the Anti>Soviet
Embargo USSR Victory,
Diehards Forced to Retreat by Pressure O.
British Workers and Public Opinion
BY NATHANLAL BUCHWALD.
DAILY Worker MOSCOW Correspondent

MOSCOW, Of
Soviet "Prada"
"On July s the British loudly declare that
its attempts to exert the R the imposition
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-04
Storm in Cuba.

Storm in Cuba.
PINAR DEL RIO, Cuba, July s.
Western Cuba huddled in terror
today as an out of season Caribbean
hurricane swept across the narrow
end of the island leaving a trail Of
ruin. The coast town of Coloma
was engulfed ina tidal wave. Casul-
ties were believed heavy.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-04
The HillQuit Letter
EMERGENCY RELIEF COMMITTEE FOR RUSSIAN
soCIAL-DEMOCRATS, VICTIMS OF HrT1ERS TERROR
MORRIS HuLoUT Treasurer

A.
Al Giles Place
los
Judge
AN
Ch
Fd
D Fna+
/. " o the German Socialist, under the
| m eugee is |
doubb Victims n homeland \
\hc had found political republican
democratic outlaw
eunmerdI yp.peeu.d Socialist ndfos nsr.nd-
IT lkn leader Russians Demo
r ABRAMoVrTci it P.u.e cable. 70 in this
oNo4s
JEwFoRwARD
EA
YOUR BEST ABRAMovrTctr
this deper a o from oumuehued dv.h
possible and IMMEDIATELY MORRIS HnLouT.
Street, New YortCa
FptnnaB your
WAITER Secretary
The Chapel Hill weekly., 1933-08-11
The Battle Park Association

Several inquiries about mem
bership in the Battle Park AS
sociation,' says Colonel Pratt,
the president, "have been re-
ceived from those who have been
using the picnic grounds in the
Park and walking along the
trails. Anyone interested in
maintaining Battle Park as a
recreation center is eligible for
membership. The dues are ST
year for active members, $5 to
S25 for contributing members,
and S100 for life members. The
funds of the Association are
used in developing the Park by
building and maintaining the
trails, the bridges, and the pic
mic ground. Subscriptions to the
Association should be sent to
DR.. James B. Bullitt, All East
Rosemary lane"
The Chapel Hill weekly., 1933-08-11

Westport, Conn. He is coming
back here in September to enter
the University.
Mrs. c. E. Ray, Jr., leaves at
this weekend for Waynesville,
IN. C.
Mrs. Albert Coates returns to-
day from a months stay in
Portsmouth, Va.
George Lawson and Bob Giles
came back from New York yes
terday.
Glenn Best was operated on
Wednesday in Watts hospital.
Miss Sara Lee Pittman Of Col
umbia, S. c., is here with her
mother, Mrs. Minnie Pittman.
The Chapel Hill weekly., 1933-08-11
Fenton's First Aid

DR.. w. J. Fenton, field repre-
sentative of the American Red
Cross, will conduct 30-hour
course in first aid here from
August 81 to September l un-
der the joint auspices of the Red
Cross and the University exten-
sion division.
DR.. Fenton practiced orthoped-
ic surgery in Iowa for seven
wears. For fifteen years he was
engaged in mining and railway
practice in which he handled
many accident cases. During
the World War he was in the
base hospital at Camp Sherman,
Ohio.
The Chapel Hill weekly., 1933-08-11
Neighborhood Notes

Nelson o. Kennedy is pursu-
ing his studies in Chicago. Dur
ing his absence his mother has
Billy Hunt as a guest.
Miss Catherine Scoggins of
Warrenton has been at Mrs.
Bain's this week.
Mrs. P. H. Winston and Miss
Carolyn Winston were called to
Oyster Bay, Long Island, last
week by the death of Mrs. Win
ston's aunt, Mrs. S. R. Bertron.
Miss Nancy Singleton is in
eastern Carolina.
Mrs. Drew Patterson and Mrs.
Sam Fisher of Asheville have
been with DR.. Howard Patter-
son in New York for a visit.
Isaac and John Manning were
in Laurinburg at Miss Marion
Gwaltney's house party last
week.
Miss Elizabeth Cameron is
back at her work in the Brook
lyn Library after a months va
cation here.
George Coffin Taylor and his
son Edmund are in Columbia,
S. c.
Mrs. Isaac Manning was at
the Kitty Cottage at Wrights-
vile Beach for the last week
end.
Irl Summerlin is in Atlantic
City, N. J.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. M. Dey are
with the Crawford Johnsons at
Lookout Mountain, Tenn. They
will 90 from there to Willough-
by Beach, Va.
Miss Nellie Robertson return
ed Tuesday from a week IN
Washington, d. c.
Mrs. c. r. Woollen will re-
turn from Washington, d. C., to-
morrow accompanied by her
daughter, Mrs. Archer Roberts
and three-weeks-old Charles
Robertson Roberts.
Mrs. James Grimes is at work
again after undergoing tonsll
operation.
DR.. Isaac Manning and his son
Isaac attended a medical meet
ing at Yanceyville Tuesday.
Miss Nell Booker will leave
from Charlotte Monday with a
group bound for the Chicago
Fair.
Mrs. r. J. Mebane has been in
Hillsboro for week with her
sister, Mrs. A. H. Graham.
r. H. Sheriff. left yesterday
in charge of tour to Chicago.
His wife and two-months old
baby Patsy remain in their
apartment on North Street.
Mrs. Cummins Mebane visit
ed Greensboro and Roaring Gap
this week.
George Koch is at work in
Chicago.
Miss Henrietta Smedes is
back from a weeks stay in Ra-
leigh with her sister, Mrs. J. S.
Holmes. Mrs. Holmes came with
her and went back to Raleigh
Tuesday.
Miss Rebecca Cushman has
been at the Hogan farm recent
ly.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Olsen
and Mr.. and Mrs. John Booker
will leave Tuesday for Tar
Landing to spend a week with
the Roland McClamrochs. Dur
The Chapel Hill weekly., 1933-08-11
COTTAGE FOR RENT

For rent: Colonial cottage, 6
rooms, breakfast room, and
bath; heating plant; hardwood
floors; garage. Available Sept.
1st, by the year. Most desir-
able location. Write G.. c., CO
Chapel Hill Weekly.
The Chapel Hill weekly., 1933-08-11

Speaking of a new low in free
dom, we read that the soviet has
granted to Russian women the
same freedom accorded the men.
-Th0m1ston Times.
The Chapel Hill weekly., 1933-08-11

Ing IIitiI dDScilSC bilIy oIiO
Daniel Olsen will visit the Wet
tach family and Miss Julia Book
| er will be with the MacNiders.
Frederick H. Koch, Jr., has
had his two younger brothers,
Bobby and Billy, at camp on the
Yadkin river near High Rock.
Mrs. Koch left yesterday to
bring them back to Chapel Hill.
Mrs. Goodson of Duke Uni
versity was the guest of Mrs.
Glenn Strudwick at the week
end.
Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Shanks
and Mrs. Shipp Sanders have
gone to visit Mr.. and Mrs. Al
exander Graham in Charlotte.
William Figgatt came from
Roanoke, Va, last week to be
with the Paul Greens few
days.
Horace and Ned Hamilton
Joined a group in Greensboro
Tuesday and are now in Chica-
go at the Fair.
Mrs. Frank Graham's four
year-old nephew, Bennett Per-
ry, was here for the weekend.
Miss Alice Noble will sail
from New York tomorrow on the
steamship California for a
twelve-day cruise.
Miss Cornelia Love goes to
Linville today to visit the Spen-
Ger Loves.
Mr.. and Mrs. Oscar Hamilton
and their youngest son, Dan, left
Tuesday for Penland. Dan will
remain in camp there for two
weeks while his mother and ia
ther go about the mountains.
L. B. Rogerson has returned
from Chicago. Among the
sights he saw at the Fair was
Sally Rand, the famous fan
dancer.
Mrs. William Thornton is at
home after a months visit to
her daughter, Mrs. Fred Archer,
in Louisville, Ky.
Mrs. r. II. Wettach is in Pitts
burgh, Pa.
ROulhac, Jr. and Alfred Ham
ilton have come back from Chi
cago.
| Mrs. H. G. Baity and her
guests-her mother, and her
brother and his wife and boy
have gone to Spartanburg, S. c.
w. c.. Coker will leave today
| for his summer home at High
lands.
Mrs. w. r. Barbour of Porto
Rico is visiting her mother, Mrs.
&c. w. Johnston, near Chapel
Hill. She will be the guest OF
Mrs. A. S. Wheeler after Mon
day.
Mrs. H. A. Harris of Brook
| line, Mass, is in the village.
Mrs. Paul Green, her niece,
Miss Buie Long, and Arch Long
| of .Harnett County left Wed
nesday for Baltimore. Mr.. Long
is remaining there for treat
ment, but the rest of the trav-
elers will be home today. Billy
lFiggatt drove them.
| William Pugh and Albert
Coates are in Asheville this
week.
Mrs. Van Courtlandt Elliott is
visiting in Lewisburg and Nash
vile, Tenn. She will be gone
about three weeks.
Leon Russell is giving French
lessons this summer to the
children of Alfred Stamford,
The Chapel Hill weekly., 1933-08-11

FOR The BUY UH GlRA
GRADUATED FROM HIGH
SCHOOL AND NOT YET
READY FOR THE SENIOR
COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY
|LEES-McRAE COLLEGE,
BANNER ELK, N. C..
A Standard College for Boys and
Girls, Founded AID. 1900.
Offers Two Years Of Fully Accredited
College Courses.
Lees -McRae College is designed to
give a good education to ambitious
students at the lowest possible cost.
Fees for tuition, room, board, laun-
dry, medical attention, student activ-
tiles, etc, amount to less than two
hundred dollars for the academic year.
The College is part Of the Edgar
Tufts Memorial Association at Ban
ner Elk. Its one thousand acres OF
farms and seh-sustaining industries
are open to our students, many OF
whom work part Of their expenses.
| A limited amount of student wsrk il
still available.
| A competent faculty, including three
who hold graduate degrees from the
University of North Carolina.
Courses are offered training directly
for the responsibilities Of life, or lead
ing to the ABB. or BIS. degrees. STAN
dard Junior College library; football,
basketball, tennis, swimming and 9TH
er sports; dramatics, music, debating
and many other activities.
High in the Blue Ridge, <0OO feet
above sea level. Operated by the
| College each summer ~ Pinnacle Inn.)
Under the auspices Of the Southern
Presbyterian Church. For Catalogue
and Further Information Address
THE REGISTRAR
LEES-MeRAE COLLEGE
BANNER ELK, N. C.
The Chapel Hill weekly., 1933-08-11
WANTED TO RENT

Wanted-a small furnished
cottage from Aug. 25th to Sept.
14th near library. Write or call
302 Grimes.
The Chapel Hill weekly., 1933-08-11
The J. A. Warrens' Guests

The J. A. WarrenS' Quests
Mrs. A. J. Warren and her
children, Peggy and Huldah, Of
Tarrytown, N. Y, who were Wis.,
iting the J. A. Warrens, will
leave today. The Warrens OF
California will arrive today and
Mr.. and Mrs. Jules Warren and
their daughter, Betsy, of Ra-
leigh arrive tomorrow.
The Chapel Hill weekly., 1933-08-11
TENT FOR SALE

For sale: a wall tent, 5 5x5x Z,
in good condition; reasonable
price. Pembroke Rees. Phone
1891.
The Chapel Hill weekly., 1933-08-11
HOUSE FOR RENT

For rent: 5-room house, Uni
versity Heights. Apply Univer-
sity Consolidated Service Plants.
Phone 6161.
The Chapel Hill weekly., 1933-08-11
COTTAGE FOR RENT

For rent: in September,
three-room cottage, unfurnished,
$50 Hooper Lane, adjoining
Park Place. J. E. Kennette, Tel
ephone 1881. P. 0. Box Sd.
The Chapel Hill weekly., 1933-08-11
FOR SALE

Magic Chef gas stove and
Ruud gas water heater. Both in
excellent condition. G.. T.
Schwenning. Telephone 1866.
The Chapel Hill weekly., 1933-08-11
Bargains in Iris. K. Tack, RID.
2, Chapel Hill.
APARTMENTS

For rent: Apartments in Gra-
ham Court. 5 rooms. Reduced
rentals. Service Ins. & Realty
Co. Telephone 5721.
The Chapel Hill weekly., 1933-08-11
FOR RENT

Garage. Mary Graves Rees.
Phone 1891.
Detroit tribune. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1933-1933, 1933-06-03
Atty. EdwsySs-m. Turner
5139 ST. Antoine
No 2162O1

STATE OF MICHIGAN. Tn the
Circuit Court for the County of
Wayne, in Chancery. Floyd Rob
inron, Plaintiff, VS.. Grace b.
Robinson, Defendant.
Al a session of said Court on
te Goth day Of May. A. d., 1898.
Present the Honorable Ormond
+. Hunt. Circuit Judge.
Satisfactory proof by affidavit
on file shows that said defendant
last known address was without
the State, and that She is still be
ieved to be without thr State, 50
hat process can not be served
upon her.
1T Is ORDERED That Grace
b. Robinson. appear and answer
the Bill Of Complaint filed in this
cause within three months from
he date Of this Order, or said
Bill will be taken as confessed
against him.
TT IS FURTHER ORnEREI
that a copy of this Order be pub
lished according to law in th'
Detroit Tribune, ncwspape
published and circulated in tn
County Of Wayne, and also tina
a copy OF this order be sent b
registered m "a i to this ID G
fendant at Miami, Florida. Gel
sral Delivery, the said last know
address at least twenty days be
fore the time above prescribe
for her appearance.
ORMOND F. HUNT
Circuit Judg
ca true copy)
l.. NJ. RUTLEDGE
Deputy Clerk 6-3-7-l'
b.