davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1933-02-20
Senator Smiths Cotton Idea
Analyzed as Relief Measure

"a lottery for cotton farmers" is seen
by the Charleston (S. c. Evening Post,
and that paper states as to the method:
1T Is, as far as the farmer Is con-
cerned, sure thing against loss and
chance to win. All he has to put on
the board is a promise not to plant n
certain. acreage which he says he in
tended to plant. The Government bears
all expenses of the lottery. The farmer
has the fun Of gambling and the chance
OF winning something, without putting
UP any stake except his industry A
farmer might even cut out his whole
acreage and sit by for the year with q
free stake in the Governments lottery"
Suggesting that the sponsor pre-
sumably will be chairman Of the Senate
Agriculture Committee" >. the Philadel-
phia Evening Bulletin voices the judg-
ment: ''The plan puts the Governments
squarely into cotton marketing opera
tions, makes it responsible for lifting
prices and puts any deficits In the
operations ultimately up to the Treasury.
Essentially 1t is a Government price,
fixing scheme, proposing to adopt as q
permanent policy the line of operations
which cost the Treasury so heavily while
the Farm Board was in the market"
Evening star., 1933-02-20
"Renovize." "

The "Renovize Washington Cam
paign" which opens today deserves the
support of the people of the city. Not
in a long time has there been any
social enterprise of greater merit.
Designed to aid employment, stimulate
business and enhance property values,
the significance of the effort is
universal. 1t includes all classes and
will benefit all. 1t is constructive
democracy in its most effective form.
It Is practical cooperation organized
for immediate and permanent profit.
The depression has wrought havoc
IN washington, as elsewhere, with
respect to home and business properties.
It has halted repairs and improvements.
Houses, apartments and business build
ings perforce have been allowed to
deteriorate, and, like vehicle slipping
downhill, a brake is imperatively needed
to stop the decline. No better device,
In the circumstances, could be offered
than the "renovize'' idea.
The campaign was conceived and
initiated by the trade and civic bodies
of the city. They sought the aid OF
the bankers, and. for the first time in
the history Of similar movements. the
latter consented to help. They estab-
Iished a -nillion-d dollar pool to
grant small loans to individual property
owners. Now the enterprise is ready
to proceed. It may be taken for
granted that the public will not neglect
tne opportunity.
The sponsors urge the social phase
of the campaign. Every dollar spent
will benefit labor and capital alike. 1t
will make wages possible for carpenters,
masons, painters and other craftsmen.
It will stop the deterioration of prop
critics in which money is invested. So
obvious are the benefits that it may be
presumed that they will be discerned
and promoted by all alike.
Not every property owner will need
30 borrow. Many, with generous civic
spirit, viii willingly make sacrifices to
do their share with their own savings.
They will realize the advantages Of
their independence, and yet will wish
TO participate In the endeavor to pro-
mote the common good.
Civic pride and civic responsibility
are the motives which may be counted
upon to guarantee the success OF the
"renovize" campaign. They are quail
tiles which the people of Washington
possess abundantly, and there never
has been q better occasion than the
present for their manifestation.
The Star enthusiastically indorses
the effort and commends the Board OF
Trade, the Bankers Association and
all the cooperating groups. 1t wishes
the campaign well and pledges its help.
Evening star., 1933-02-20
Farm Mortga ges.

Farm mortgages, aggreg ating per
haps more than $4,000 coo, COo, present
a huge problem today, not alcne for
the farmers, but for the holders of the
mortgages. With farm prices belcw,
in many cases, the cost of production
and making it difficult for even prop
erly financed and efficiently run farms
to meet expenses or to produce a mar
row margin Of profit, thousands of
farmers have been sold out because of
failure to pay their interest charges
and principal, or because of their
failure to pay taxes. In some of the
great agricultural States of the West
the farmers have taken the law into
their own hands to protect themselves
and their fellow farmers against fore
closure proceedings. The farm mortgage,
therefore, presents fundamental prob
lem in this period of depression.
Many, if not all, of these mortgages
were laid on farm property during more
prosperous days, some Of them when
prices of farm lands scared far beyond
common sense or safety during the
World War. A great deal of this in
fation of farm prices has already been
squeezed out But the American
farmers are still terribly oppressed. The
holders of the mortgages are in no
better shape. If they take over the
lands at present prices and with the
present market for agricultural property
they cannot fail to lose. On the other
hand, they are losing their interest and
unable to collect their principal. In
surance companies, savings banks and
many other corporations, as well as
individual owners of mortgages. are
threatened with disaster.
Many proposals have been advanced
to deal with the farm mortgage situa-
ton, including noratoriums, bond,
issues by the Government to substitute
for the farm mortgages, and increased
credit facilities. One of the most re-
cent put forward is that advanced by
Senator ShipStead OF Minnesota in the
Senate and Chairman Jones of the
House Agricultural Committee, backed
also by Representative Rainey, the
Democratic floor leader of the House.
This last proposal looks to the issue
of Government bonds bearing two per
cent interest, to be substituted for all
farm mortgages, and payable in forty-six
years. MIR. Rainey and the others who
backed this kind of measure say that
it will prove the savior not only of the
farmers, but also of the insurance COM
panies, the savings banks and other
holders of mortgages. This measure
looks to a moratorium for two years.
and makes the interest charges to the
farmers, including amortization charges,
about 81 per cent, which is vastly
different matter from the eight per
cent which many Of them are today
obligated to pay.
Evening star., 1933-02-20
Gentleman Jim" I"

To the present generation Of boxing
fans James j. Corbett was only a
name, but to oldsters who were young
sters in the gay nineties Gentleman
Jim" will ever be remembered as the
sporting idol Of that era. Fame
perched firmly on Corbett's broad
shoulders when he knocked out the
long invincible John L. Sullivan in
q rounds at New Orleans on Septem-
Der Z, 1892. The heavyweight cham
pionship crown was retained by John
LIS" conqueror for nearly five years,
when Corbett fell before the immortal
solar plexus blow of Bob Fitzsimmons
at Carson City.
The Adonis-like young Californian
did not come by the title of Gentle
man Jim" by accident. He earned it
because of the new atmosphere Corbett
brought into the prize ring. Bank
clerk and clubman in San Francisco
before unusual prowess with his fists
led his friends to induce him to en-
bark upon pugilism as a career, Cor
bett was the gentleman in six-ounce
nlitts from the outset. He was the first
boxer of class to eschew the old saloon
style Of knockdown and oragout fight
ing for scientific boxing.
He demonstrated that pugilsm was
not mere slugging. He became the
most scientific" gladiator the Queens
berry rules had ever known. When
Sullivan at New Orleans essayed the
tactics with which the brawny Boston
bruiser had moved down every other
man who ever faced him, John L."
found they were useless against a
younger foe who used his brains and
his feet, as well as his fists
Gene Tunney, in many respects the
modern counterpart of Corbett, though
not the latter's peer as a fighter" !"
says that Gentleman Jim" was his
inspiration" during the years in
which the former Marine was battling
his way to the championship. 1t is a
| tribute in which all Americans who
knew and admired Corbett will join.
He was q credit to the manly ait.
Evening star., 1933-02-20
Forward or Backward?
From the Schenectady Gazette.

From the Schenectady Gazette.
The suggestion that the city Of
Mechanicyiile resume its status as a
village, in order to reduce the cost Of
local government, makes Ills wonder
whether this represents progress or
retrogreSion.
Supposedly, a city has prestige lack
mg in village. Advent into the city
class is hailed as step forward, and
often is marked by a celebration. It
is regarded as a mark Of progress.
Here and there a community has
preferred to retain its village status fer
one reason or another. Our neighbors.
Glens Falls and Saratoga, did this for q
long time, and 1t is possible they were
more noted as villages than they have
been since as cities.
1t is not so apparent just where
Mechanicville could effect especial
economies by abandoning its status as
city. Usually the latter has o council
comparatively well paid, while village
has smaller board of trustees paid
little If anything. and possibly IN some
cases a smaller number OF officials are
required
But in this case, as in others, the
indul 1uCbOE VIII plOfV w VIC euC oAA-
cialS themselves. If they are experienced.
interested, anxious to give their best to
accomplishing needed results, they can
succeed, regardless of whether working
under a city or village charter. III
experienced, uninterested, net anxious
to do their best, unsatisfactory condi-
tions viii be the result.
There is one hopeful indication In
such suggestions as that coming from
Mechanic3slle The fact that changes
are proposed shows people are thinking
more about \their government and its
manner of 6lnctioning. Conditions are
certain TO improve If the people show
sufficient interest, fer that feeling viii
be reflected by officeholders who are
quick to follow their constituents
wishes when they know the latter are
in earnest.
Evening star., 1933-02-20
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL.
Most people harbor pet dislikes as il

Most people harbor pet dislikes as II
they we're something to be proud of.
There is nothing the average person
will fight for so quickly as cherished
repulsion.
At the same time it must be admitted
that often these aversions are based on
nothing much.
Except. alas, emotions!
And where human emotions are
brought into play, one finds all the
clements Of tragedy, comedy drama
unfairneS5, bitterness, or what one de-
sires.
To show how deeply dislikes are with
us (referring to our emotions in most
instances), it is instructive to look at
the long list of synonyms.
We find disfavor, aversion, distaste
disrelish. disgust, repugnance. repulsion,
displeasure, objection, disinclination
disparity (rare), misliking, detestation
adherence, abomination.
These refer, broadly, to an emotion
or feeling prompting avoidance, aroused
by contact with, or experience of, the
object in question.
These are by no means all the syno-
nyms, however. There is an additional
list, referring especially to the emotion
feeling or attitude aroused by some
more intimate relation involving self
interest.
This list includes unfriendliness, Ill
will, disaffection, dislove, hostility, en-
nifty, dispeace (rare), animosity, hate
hatred, malevolence, malice.
Taking them all together, they show
up rather well the tendency of human
nature toward this emotional trend.
With emotions, of course, there Is
not much good to argue.
You can't help liking or disliking q
thing" some one says.
Maybe not, but there Is such thing
as being sure one does dislike thing
before he actually makes it perma-
nent aversion.
There are far too many people hug
ging pet dislikes to their breasts. who
actually would find great interest and
enjoyment in them.
That is, what they now find distaste-
full they would then find filled with
pleasure for them, If they would just
permit themselves to enjoy them.
They do not know what they like
Of the matter
They just think they do.
There are so many antipathies which
come to all Of us, out Of living and ex-
periencing, that it would seem totally
unnecessary to build others up DELHI
erately.
Yet that is what many Of lis do, dag
by day.
The curious thing is that no sooner
have we created a pet disgust out OF
something or other than we summon
all our powers of argument to defend
our stand.
Take the man who dislikes cats.
We instance this because it is a COM
mon dislike. and often held by the per-
son who likes animals, and would care
for this one as we'll as for dogs If he
would give himself the opportunity.
He cuts himself off from the whole
feline tribe, however, by a public stand
II don't like cats" he declares.
Thereafter, he. finds 1t incumbent
upon him to defend himself and his
announcement.
Usually he has little trouble in this
totally unnecessary defense proceeding
We believe that at least three out
of four of these cat haters (and we in
clude' in the list no victims of that
curious disease, inborn hatred Of cats)
Evening star., 1933-02-20
Camp Life for Homeless Boys.

An amendment to the Army appro-
priation bill, adopted by the Senate and
now under consideration by the House,
provides fund of S22,Oo0,oo0 for the
training of homeless boys" who, esti-
mated at some $4,000 in number, are
now drifting about the country. In
anticipation of the adoption of the
amendment in conference, plans are
being worked out by Army authorities to
carry out the proposal, which will cause
these wanderers, as rapidly as they re-
port for Service" to be absorbed into
camps and posts where they will be put
through a period of drill and training
in discipline.
These nomads, partly an effect of the
economic stringency that has prevailed
for the past few years, are today sub
tect to the worst of influences. They
are not only out of employment, but
they are under temptation to engage in
lawlessness as means of sustenance.
They are ripe material for the gangs
OF criminals who infest the cities of
this country.
If these boys can be brought under
regular discipline and given the benefit
Of systematic drill and training they
may be redeemed for valuable service
later. not necessarily in the Army, but
in civilian occupations. Their redemp-
ton is very much worth seeking.
1t is estimated that about &c, 900 boys
can be cared for in the temporary bar
racks that we're built during the war
period, with another 10000 scattered
among the Regular Army posts, and the
remainder sheltered in tents in the
Southern States and on the Pacific
Coast, where the climate is favorable to
such conditions.
Opposition to this plan is expressed
by an organization that is devoted to
the spread Of the doctrine of "pacifsm''
on the ground that this measure tends
to make soldiers Of the lads and thus
to build up the military forces of the
country. The purpose of the plan is
not to "make soldiers" but to relieve
the country Of the menace Of this great
number of idle persons of the most i'm
pressionahle age. The Army cannot be
incrsased in number save by act OF
Con ess. The war spirit" vii ssn the
pecs organizations so deplore is not
Evening star., 1933-02-20

could reclaim themselves to ordinary
acceptance of these animals If they
would stop to think about the matter.
By this time in evolution man ought
to put more faith than he does in his
brain.
He should feel that the mind is
mighty and can do great deal If it
will permit itself to do so.
Mankind confuses itself with such
term as will power" when, after all, it
is the mind which does the deciding
and the making and the doing.
What one ought to do is to make
like and dislike survey" from time to
time to determine If likes are really
likes and If dislikes are actually dis
likes.
Many a person might surprise him
self by the results of this procedure.
This gentleman who voices his disap-
proval of cats might find them pleas
ing companions, as the chance result
of being thrown into their company
for time.
Then he would discover (what his
mind should have told him long ago.
that they are very interesting creatures,
filled with pep" color and animation,
that they have been the favorite pets
of many of history's greatest characters
| and that they possess in themselves
many ikeable qualities.
The man who expresses a dislike for
onions (Which he has never eaten)
conceivably might discover, by tasting
a few. that they were not as bad as ne
thought.
He who heatedly declared that "the
mountains made him sick" might find
out, after good Summer dose OF them,
that he had been very much mistaken
| He who so often said he "detested'
| the sea might come in time to see the
poetry Of it, feel its lure, sense its mys-
terry.
| There is no intellectual basis for this
vast roster of dislikes with which man
kind encumbers itself.
| Mostly 1t Is emotional
| Actually, We are not as disguised, as
repulsed, as displeased as we common
| ly let on
We do not detest. abhor and abomi-
| nate all of the things We openly say
We do, nor do we in reality suffer from
as much i'll will, enmity and hate as
We talk about.
Just as part Of the depression" is
| in our heads, and another ample por-
! ton Of it on our tongues, so the un-
| friendliness and hostility which even
the mildest OF persons feels at times
exists partly in the disposition of him
| who feels it.
I One Is prompted to avoidance, and
| this very action removes one from all
chance, all opportunity to come to grips
with the enemy.
Plainly, We run away. when we should
| advance.
The very fact that humanity has
such formidable list of words to ex-
press this emotional urge shows, one
may believe, that there Is far too much
of it, just as there are too many words
to express what dislike" expresses so
well.
If we would stop, at times, to put
the light of reason on our pet aver
sions, We might lose some of our dis
| pleasure; instead, we s,Ilk in our tents.
heroes all, waiting for the nature of
cats to change, or onions to send up
violet-like aromas.
Well, they won't ever do it.
We must emulate Mahomet (who, by
| the way loved cats) and 60 to these
mountains Of our distaste Then, If we
| see fairly, We may end by embracing
what formerly we detested.
Evening star., 1933-02-20

What do you need to know? Is there
some point about your business or per-
sonal life that puzzles you? Is there
something you want to know without
delay? Submit your question to Frederic
j. Haskin, Director of our Washington
Information Bureau. He Is employed
to help YOU. Address your inquiry to
The Evening Star Information Bureau,
Frederic j. Haskin, Director, Washing
ton, D. c., and inclose 3 cents in coin
or stamps for return postage. Do not
use post cards.
@. How many women have been sent
to the Congress Of the United States?-
S. l.. p.
A. Eighteen in all. Two, Mrs. Re-
becca Iatimer FELTON,, who served but
day, and Mrs. Hattie Caraway, were
sent to the Senate, while 16 have been
in the House of Representatives or will
appear at the convening of the Seventy
third Congress.
@. When was Sir Thomas More's
Utopia" published?-M. B.
A. In 1916. In fashion almost un-
believable, More painted a picture of a
country free from industrial, financial
and social problems that is just as ap-
plicable. to preSent-day problems as if
it had just been written.
@. Were Scotland and Ireland Joined
to England through conquest?-E. F.
A. They were not. They united
with England through acts of their
governing bodies.
Q. Did Admiral Byrd communicate
with the United States by radio while
nus plane was flying over the South
Pole?-J. r. H.
A. THE Conquest of Antarctica by
Air" says: "One sunny night, January
20, 1929, Malcolm Hanson, chief radio
operator, sent through the first radio
message from our plane to New York
the distance record, to that date, for
two-way communication with an air
plane In flight. WFC (call letters of the
Stars and Stripes signaled VIVID. the
New York Times station, at 8:15 pm,
Antarctic time, 3:15 am, New York
time. For IL minutes the dots and
| dashes cut through the climate zones,
crossed the Equator, and New York
flashed back that 1t had the message
verbatim"
O. Why is 'braggadocio" term for
braggart?-L. S.
A. Braggadochio Is the name Of q
character in Sponsors "Faerie Queene. i"
He was valiant with his tongue, but a
great coward at heart.
O. How many Chinese are there in
San Francisco?-J. A. D.
A. The Chinese population Of San
Francisco Is about 16,500.
O. What Is the origin of the name
Stonehenge?-W. B.
A. Stone" explains itself and ap-
plies to the huge monoliths. About
the half of the word ''henge" there L
some difference Of opinion The Anglo.
Saxon word "henge" means something
| hanging or supported in the air. 1t i
possible that in some prehistoric time
these great monoliths supported some
kind of a ladder. Another theory with
reference to the word Is that Stone.
henge was erected to commemorate
some act of Hengist, one of the early
rulers Of a part of Britain.
@. What was President Lincolns IA.
vorite f1ower?-N. M
A. 1t was the rose.
@. Are there trolley cars In the down
town section of Paris?-M M
/ A. There are no trolley cars through
the central part of Paris. Buses
taxicabs and private cars are the usua
method OF transportation on the sur.
lace; 1t should be remembered thai
Evening star., 1933-02-20
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN.

there is subway traversing this Sec
tion of Paris.
@. Has construction started \on the
program for the st. Lawrence Water
way?--L. r.
A. Construction on the proposed st.
Lawrence Waterway. to be jointly con-
structed by the United States and
Canada, has not yet been entered into,
ratification by the United States Senate
not having been completed.
@. Who invented the suction type
of rubber heel?-B. d.
A. John George Tufford conceived
the idea of making the inner surface
of rubber heel concave so that sue
ton would keep the edges tight
against the shoe without cement.
@. Who was the boldest and most
daring American pirate?-B. B.
A. Probably the most daring
American pirate was a man named
Teach. Some records say his name
was Saxon Teach, others Edward Teach.
His piratical name was Blackboard.
He lived in the early eighteenth CEN
tury and cruiSed in the Atlantic, and
especially around the West Indies. He
was exceptionally fierce and took
many prizes. His principal daring
consisted,l however. in the fact that
about half of the time he spent ashore,
where he passed as prosperous
planter. He became a member of the
Governors council in his home colony,
North Carolina. Living highly re-
spected in that community, he would
periodically disappear, giving out ting.
he was away on business. On these
trips he joined his pirate ship and
commanded it in its raids on COM
merce. He was finally taken and
hanged with his crew.
@. How does the enrolment In
American colleges compare with the
number in other countries?-V. H.
| A. An estimate is all that can be
given. 1t is believed that there are
as many college students in the United
States as In all other countries to-
gether.
@. How is cloture applied in the
British House of Commons?-S. D. M.
A. The so-called cloture was intro
duced into the British House of Com
mons in 1882, where the cloture is ef-
fected by motion that the question
be now put" 1t is a method of ending
debate and securing an immediats
vote.
I
| @. How much do buildings depreciats
from time to time as figured by in
Surance companies? H.
A. The determination of the deprecia-
ton of buildings by insurance conf
panies varies considerably with the
company. The approximate figure a
depreciation is per cent year.
@. How much has the cost of govern,
ment in the United States increased 81
recent years?-A. F.
A. The late President Calvin Coolidga
in the Saturday Evening Post, March
26. 1882, said: THE total cost OF ma
tional, State, and local government
was $13,048, ,0O0, 900 in 1929, a raise from
$2,919 100000 in 1923. This was q
difference in per capita cost from $50 "a
to $10737." OF the 1928 national
budget 72 per cent of estimated ex-
penditures was for war debts, war
pensions, or defense.
Q. Where is the most helium pro-
duced in the United States?-F. M.
A. The Governments new helium
plant at Amarillo, Tex. and the Govern
ment plant at Fort Worth, Tex, are
the largest producing plants in the
United States. The output has been
limited by the demand of the Army and
Navy for helium rather than by the
capacity to produce.