davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1933-05-11
COAL OPERATORS DIFFER
ON PLANS FOR INDUSTRY

BY the Associated Press
PITTSBURGH, May 1l-Diferencel
over future policies for Amsricas $l2.-
000, ,0o0, 900 coal industry cropped ur
last night ct . series Of informal con-
ferences Of operators at the tenth an
nual Convention Of the American Min
ing Congress- coal division.
While public speakers dealt with
technical subjects, executives and pro-
ducers privately discussed unemploy-
ment, the six-hour day. . coal Con
servator" and reviving business.
Increase coal consumption from the
present 3,500,000 tons q week to TO-
Evening star., 1933-05-11

Ignatius Loyola, was educated Ia France
and it, present general IN chief was
Q native Of Poland.
Seated on the stage wsre the Ambas.
sador Of Poland, otAnislAw Patek, and
the Ambassador Of Italy, AuGuGto 1os.
%; the Ministers Of Humania, Osscho-
slovakia and Yugoslavie. Other repre-
sentatives Of E1dac countries were Count
Francois dc Bruisssret, 0rst secretary Of
Belgium: Brig. Gen. xfancois Pillon.
military attache Of France. and =. Ga
briel d Silva, first secretary q Portu-
gal. The president Of the American
section Of F1dac. Comdf. Charles Ham,
jr., also was present. - well - Legion
Maj. Gen. Hugh A. Drum, q. 9. A., dep
uty chief Of stan, wAs the ofncial rep
reSentative Of the United States.
Dr.. Edmund A. walsh, .. J., regent
Of the School Of Foreign Service. made
the gratitude Of the school for the Eidac
recognition, the regent added:
I'm human relations II u the heart
head will follow. Reverse that process
trality, but you win never merit lasting
friendship"
Pacts for the outlawTy Of war, eco
nomic conferences and other interna-
tional efforts while commendable, DR..
Walsh said. furnish inadequate guar
antees Of peace unless simultaneously
we dbarm the spirit Of hatred and dis
trust among nations, tranquilize mems
hearts, and educate thsm to mutual
respect and reciprocal confidence.
Peace can b maintained, interna-
tional courtesy assured and the hard
won fruits Of civilization preserved only
If international relations be based On
something more permanent and &C.
ceptable than the pfAgmAtic sanction,
the increase Or decrease q afmAments,
. favorable trade balance, the peedomi-
nance Of brute fofoe q the fallacioua
argument Of the fat aooompli," he con-
cluded.
Souvenirs q the occasion. silver med
Evening star., 1933-05-11

THE most important thing in
connection with your oil burner
is good fuel oil. For unless the fuel
oil is good, the question of oil burner
service..free or advertisements
nothing.
So that's why we first say ''Buy
American. Thousands of Wash.
ington home owners have proved
American Fuel Oil is the best money
can buy.
And now for the Free Service
Plan. On l933-34 fuel oil contracts
in Washington, expert American oil
burner service men will clean, oil or
adjust your burner. Also we will
thoroughly svacuum Clean" your
boiler or furnace and smoke pipe.
All Absolutely Free Of Charge.
Only in case new parts are needed
will any charge be made. This SER
vice will be quickly available day or
night. No delays..no waiting.
Evening star., 1933-05-11

The majority expressed opposition to
the six-hour-day proposal Of the ad-
ministration. One group favors cre7.
alton Of ninimuna wages and another
wants the Government to establish
minimum coal prices for eacn Of the
eight great American coal fields.
Evening star., 1933-05-11

000. .o00-and believe that increase Is
coming before long-and we will be
looking for miners" the executive Of
one Of Pittsburghs largest coal con-
Germs said, asking his name be with
held.
Others asserted: There are too many
miners for the industry"
Evening star., 1933-05-11
THE EVENING STAR WASHINGTON c.

ais bearing the seal Of Georgetown,
were presented by President Nevils to
each Of the nine Fidac representatives
and to Gen. 0orecki. Music was fur
nishsd By the Georgetown choir. the
audience Joining In the singing OF the
Star Spangled Banner" A reception
followed.
Evening star., 1933-05-11
oR0SNER'S WINS PRIZE
Given First Place IN International
window Contest,

First prise In an international con-
test Of window displays by haberdashery
retailers, conducted by the magazine
American Haberdasher & Clothier. has
been awarded to . Warrington firm,
terday.
Gerald 0rosner, president Of the firm,
was notified from New York that the
board Of Judges on the magazines 1882
championship display contest had
awarded first prize to his concern for
. hat display.
Contestants were entered In the COM
petition from all parts Of the United
States and several foreign countries.
The 1898 contest Is now under way.
Evening star., 1933-05-11

fines, but must realize that we have
brothers across the ocean"
The Jesuit order, by its own interna-
Evening star., 1933-05-11

tional scope, Is bound to the countries
represented in the F1dac, DR.. Nevils
said, in explaining that its founder
Evening star., 1933-04-09
PASSOVER HOLIDAY SEES
SYNAGOGUE RENAISSANCE
Innovations and Ritualistic Changes
Seek to Recapture Dominance
Over Jewish Life.
BY VICTOR Fl. BERNSTEIN.

III TIE passed over the houses Of
IS the children of Israel in
Egypt, when he smote the
i / Egyptians and delivered
Evening star., 1933-04-09
RailrOaded French Law
Ties Hands of Police

PARIS-In the excitement Of pass
ing the March budget the French
Parliament unwittingly passed a con-
siderable amount of miscellaneous leg
islation. One new law, when it was
promulgated the next day, gave the
entire French police organization the
shivers.
In practical effect. it is a habeas
corpus law, thing France has never
had before. Deputy Guernut. head OF
the bill of rights" group in the Cham
ber of Deputies, Is responsible for Its
passage.
Heretofore 1t has been possible to
arrest and detain any citizen for an al
most indefinite period, without bail and
without trial. These so-called pre-
ventive arrests" were used on large
scale by the police whenever there was
a threat of trouble On the eve OF
labor mass meetings it was customary
to arrest the principal Communist agi-
tators and keep them behind the bars
until the meeting was over.
Under Guernuts law preventive ar
rests are forbidden and magistrates
are required to release prisoners on bail
except in the case of serious crimes.
When deputies learned the nature OF
the law, after it was passed, they asked
the minister of justice to delay pro-
mitigation until it could be reconsid-
cred. Guernut promptly gave notice
that If the minister of justice failed 10
promulgate the law he would move his
impeachment. As Guernut is a promi-
nent member of Daladier's majority in
the Chamber he had his way.
(Copyright, 1933)
Evening star., 1933-04-09

large Add these costs to interest and
the charges became excessive.
Under the plan as recently ordered
by President Roosevelt, farmer would
be able to go to a single building and
there get any kind of loan to which he
was entitled-a >short-term loan for
planting or harvesting a crop. two or
three year loan for the purchase Of
live stock, a mortgage on his farm, a
loan to finance cooperative market
ing organization.
All of these functions, the executive
order specifies, will be under single
department, the Farm Credit Admins
tration, with Henry Morgenthau, Jr., at
it's head. There still will be separate
divisions, each with distinct function,
but in accordance with Rooseveltian
principles of administration there will
be no boards or alibis. Each division
will be headed by one man, who will
be fired If he does not make good, and
these four division heads will be re-
sponsible to one department head.
The work of each division will be
logically defined so as to do away with
overlapping All local farm credit offices
will be located, as far as possible, under
one roof, and they will be located for
the greatest possible convenience in
meeting the needs of the different farm
ing regions.
OF the four divis ions, che will carry
out the former functions of the Farm
Board-financing co-operatives. One
will handle all crop loans and direct
loans formerly handled by the Depart
ment of Agriculture and the Recon-
structicn Finance Corporation; one will
handle the mortgages of the Federal
Farm Loan Banks and the rediscount
functions of the intermediate credit
banks, and one will handle the re-
financing of existing mortgages and
other debts owed by farmers.
The Immediate Need.
That last, for the present moment,
is likely to mean more to farmers than
all the rest of the credit plan put to-
gether There are those who say that
the farmer does not need relief" in
the sense of schemes for bringing up
the level of prices or reducing the
acreage of crops; that the chief thing
he needs Is to get off his back load of
debt contracted when property values
and all values we're very much higher
than they are today Whether or not it
is true that this is all the farmer needs,
it is certainly the most imperative and
immediate need for vast numbers Of
farmers.
Much has been accomplished by
President Roosevelt's recent order,
especially In the way of centering re-
sponsibility; but legislation will be
Evening star., 1933-04-09

Continued From First Page.)
assume that Congress, by one act or
another, puts the country's currency
"of the gold basis"
In that event, what would be done
about all these billions of dollars of
bonds, mortgages and other contracts
containing the old gold clause"
The universal assumption has been
that the creditor could continue to de-
mand and insist on getting gold dol
lars of the old size, weighing 1922
grains. Especially has that been as
sumed by the creditors.
The question, of course, would go into
the courts, ultimately to the Supreme
do Is thing about which there can
be only surmise. Some similar ques-
tions arose during the previous period
of controversy about currency, during
the 1870s. They were decided in a
group of decisions called "the legal
tender cases"-those old cases are now
being pored over by lawyers every
where.
The most important Of the old legal
tender" cases was Bronson VS.. RodeS,
decided by the Supreme Court in 1869.
That dec1SlOn-I quote Lawyers Re-
ports established the doc
trine that express provisions for pay
ment in gold we're valid and enforce
able, as If they were for payment in
wheat or any other valuable thing. .
Every case decided by the Supreme
Court has recognized the validity of
such contracts"
1t should be added, nevertheless, that
some lawyers who have recently gone
over the legal tender" cases hold the
view that those cases would not, as of
today, act as conclusive precedent pre-
venting the courts from holding, under
present conditions, that contract con-
tanning the gold clause" must be paid
in gold only and cannot be satisfied by
ordinary legal tender; that is, ordi-
nary paper currency, for example.
There is, In short, difference of
opinion about what the courts would
now do, under today's circumstances,
after a lapse Of "a years, and great
change In conditions, since Bronson VS..
Rodes. In any event. there Is prob
ability, at least, that the courts may
now have occasion to pass on the gold
clause" again.
A recent and extremely important
and interesting case. arose last year
in England. I suspect practically every
Evening star., 1933-04-09
ADVENTURE
BY BRUCE BARTON.

n ANY men who do not admit it publicly have secretly
I'M surrendered the defeatst philosophy They say to
themselves: in the grip of forces too great
for Nothing can be done except to await the out
1t is useless to try.
Contrasted with this find in younger men point
full of hope They These are thrilling
not know where going, nor what will
But whatever happens bound to be exciting Before
lies great adventure.
The president Dartmouth College Ernest NJ Hopkins,
reflected that attitude in fine speech which heard him
deliver the inauguration of Stanley King as president OF
Said Mr. Hopkins eff to pick out quality that
thought essential for college president think
should start with inconsistency For such an one thing so
toward points of and the willingness to be re-
cepve those points of view to the extent of changing his
mind if after due and reflection his earlier
beliefs prove to have insufficient ineXpedient.
Sir Thomas Browne said three centuries that it
late be ambitious that all of the great mutations OF
the world had taken place We know how wrong he was and
yet every and time who believe
be ambitious for further service.
I'm oden times Spain put her coins the legend me
plus utra-nothng beyond And then the mariners OF
the Mediterranean sailed by the Pillars of Hercules and
explored the outside waters and the distant shores
bounding the Spain then changed her motto to
plus ultra-more beyond.
To-day . . I would emphasize more particularly than
matter OF policy even than glory OF tradition the
statement that Paul makes in regard to Abrahamat when
he called to out place which he should receive
for inheritance he obeyed and went out not knowing
whittier he went"
make apology for this long quotation. There is
better mental picture for us to carry with these days than
he went but that inheritance lay at the end of the
journey.
gone knowing whittier they went danger
that because cannot where going do not
try to start.
It isn't necessary to know the end the whole path
way to something Something exciting and worth whle
, copyrght 1891
Evening star., 1933-04-09
U. S. Courts May Have to Decide
Validity of 'Cold Clause" in Loans

lawyer In the United States will be look
ing this case up shortly-for similar
case, many similar cases, may arise at
any time, in any county court IN ILL
nois or Iowa or Kansas or California.
In 1928, in England, Belgian COM
pany, the "Societe Intercommunate,"
borrowed $500 900. They gave in return
bonds. In the bonds was gold clause"
similar to the American one, stipulating
that the company would pay in gold
coin of the United Kingdom Of or equal
to the standard of weight and fineness
existing on the first day of September,
1928"
Last year, when interest came due,
a holder of bond demanded gold. In
the mean time Great Britain. on Sep
tember 20. 1881, had gone of the gold
basis" and the paper pound had be-
come worth approximately $500. as
against the value of a gold pound,
which was and is s4.86.
Gold Held Not Necessary.
The debtor company rendered paper
pounds. The hoidcr # the bond re-
case went into the British High Court
of Justice, Chancery Division This
court handed down its decision on
October ~ last. In part, the court
said that the obligation was to pay
zone hundred pounds" and that II the
sum were now paid in gold the pay
ment would actually be more than q
hundred pounds. ''It is not bullion
contract The contract Is a sim
pie contract to secure payment of SUM
of money, and If the defendants ten
der the sum in whatever might hap
pen to be legal tender at the date the
payment was due, they have discharged
their obligation. In this. country
there are certain things, paper and
metal, which are legal tender, and for
the purpose of paying a debt tender
of the appropriate amount Of any of
those symbols Is sufficient to discharge
the obligation. " . This Is not q con-
tract for the delivery of gold: it Is o
contract to pay sum Of money"
This decision was in the lower court.
The case was carried to the British
Court of Appeal and the decision was
confirmed. The case is still subject to
final appeal to the House of Lords.
A decision of British court Is, Of
course, not q precedent for United
States courts. But If line of reason
ing Is sound In British court 1t 10
equally Aund in an American couN
Copyright. 1851
Evening star., 1933-04-09
Duce's Autobiography
In Chinese Translation

ROME-The autobiography of Prime
Minister Benito Mussolini has just been
published in Chinese translation, ac-
cording to the Roman press. which re-
CARDS the event as another evidence
of Fascism's expanding influence in the
world.
The translator is Pei Hsuan, who is
described as having translated numer-
Gus books on Gascism.
(CopyriEht, 1854
Evening star., 1933-04-09

of experience in farming. (4) II years
of experience as farm paper editor,
which means close acquaintance with
the problems, disappointmentS, kicks
and achievements of farmers. (5)
Four years of experience shaping and
putting over legislation for the benefit
of rural communities. CO. Close
acquaintance with the views and meth
ods of his chief, now President.
Some probably will object that he
does not represent the agricultural
Middle West Some are bound to
point out that he is not a dirt farmer
brought up in overalls from boyhood.
If he fails at his job these things will
be held up against him. If he succeeds
they won't cut any ice. And as mat
do with success or failure, either one
Now, what is the program on which
he sets out?
UP until the time of President Roose-
velt's order, agricultural credit in the
United States could hardly be dignified
by the name of system. It was a
complicated chaos. This was not any
body's fault, especially. The whole
thing just naturally grew up more or
less helter-skelter.
The first Morgenthau job is to reduce
this chaos to order and simplicity. The
second. after the system is organized
Is to turn it over, as far as possible, to
the control of the farmers themselves.
Varied Credit Given.
Aside from financing done by local
banks and by insurance companies, the
Federal Government has given several
different kinds of credit to farmers,
handled through four different agen-
cies. Cd The Farm Board advanced
money to cooperative marketing as
sociations. (2) The Department of
Agriculture made direct loans to
farmers to finance planting and har-
vesting. 90 The Reconstruction FL
nance Corporation granted regional
credits and also to some extent made
direct loans to farmers in competition
with the Department of Agriculture
(4) The Treasury Department, through
Federal Land Banks and intermediate
credit banks, gave loans on mortgages
and rediscounted other agricultural
paper.
From the Governments standpoint
all this meant unnecessary overlapping
and duplication. From the farmers
standpoint it meant confusion and
costliness. This last was partly be-
cause credit agencies were not by any
means always conveniently located
The farmer sometimes had to travel
hundreds of miles to get his loan, pay
railroad fare or buy gasoline, put up
at a hotel. Few direct farm loans are
Evening star., 1933-04-09
Wales Gets Another
Handle to His Name

LONDON.-The Prince of Wales has
acquired another handle to his name.
He has accepted the presidency of the
Highland Society of London on the
occasion of the 150th anniversary Of
its founding, and will preside at the
annual dinner of the association on
June 8. King George is chief OF the
society, which includes scores Of noted
ScotSmen.
Among the Princes many titles are
four that definitely link his name with
the northern kingdom. AS the eldest
son of the King he is the Duke of
Rothesay, and he is also Baron of Rem
frew, Lord of the Isles and Prince and
Great Steward of Scotland. The Scot
tish section of his wardrobe at York
House is exceedingly extensive, for it
includes regimental as well as other
Scottish dress.
-1O33O
Evening star., 1933-04-09
BY COVE HAMBIDGE.

4 SIDE from the President him
~ self. two men bear the brunt
~ of the administrators fight to
1 \ lift American agriculture out OF
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-11-27
SPANISH TELEPHONE
STRIKE AIDS CUPID

MADRID. Nov. 27.-CUP)-A
strike az the Spanish Nationa?
Telephone company. subsidiary Of
the international Telephone and
Telegraph company, more than a
year and a half ago. has resulted
in over a hundred marriages.
When the strike broke out, 200
policemen were sent to guard the
cOmpany's skyscraper in the heart
of the business district. The or
ganization turned over rooms in
the building 10 the men where
they could rest. Various faithful
employees who did not wish to face
TIE strikers in the streets also
were given rooms. This improvised
hotel resulted in friendships be-
tween the police and number of
telephone operators.
The strike ended many months
ago but the police still are sta
toned at the telephone building.
However, their number has been
decreased by a hundred or more
marriages of their companions to
/ telephone operators and other
employees.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-11-27

Lawrence river, seized severai
ships, liquor cargoes and huge
mass of discriminating documents.
The documents revealed that
the ring was an international one,
doing a business of more than
s5.O00,OOO a year. The names OF
$50 persons connected with the
combine, both in Canada and the
United States. were revealed.
No arrests were made during
the raids, and none are expected
until the documents have been
studied. Then wholesale arrests
will be made.
U. S. TO COOPERATE
1t is understood that United
States authorities are co-operaI-
ing with r. G. N. P. Officials
wherever possible in an effort 10
CRIB the great amount OF liquor
being struggled into VARIOUS
American cities. .:.,oz
It is admitted in official llreles
that liquor smuggling between
Canada and the United states Is
increasing, and the r. I. NJ. r.
.hToughout the country are ex-
tending activities every Day
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-11-27

ment resigns. A serious earth
quake in Japan with heavy loss
or life. on the lSti or 18th. The
emperor may succumb
September-The situation in
Ireland wOrsenS. Riots in Poland.
Unemployment increases.
October-Financial disputes ne
tween EuroOean countries. irvolv-
ir- France. Italy and Russia
Arglo-French relations less cor
dial due TO financial questions,
and an important trade-agreement
will break down at the last min
ule.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Of small
ppx. Horoscope fatal for rulers,
particularly Roosevelt. Hitler. de
Valera, SHUTS and MusSolini. in
that order.
Decentralization unrest. Dis
orderly scenes in Whitehall. 4
leading minister resigns.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-11-27

sy1.; HcIo. a"lEGsa s14 pl%g
I'ahLeuGo idA6I' asiEsq asAsIsj
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-11-27
Canada Ready 10
Wage Rum War
Border Liquor Running Al
ready Increasing

MONTREAL, Nov. 27.-'UP)
Canadian authorities, anticipating
wholesale attempts to smHggle IL
ruor into Canada with rereaI, arc
rre1aring to meet the problem ,
The Royal Canadian Mounted
Police. on whose shoulders most
Of the work of preventing snug
Cling rests, already have dealt a
Smashing blow 20 the Illicit liquor
traffic in eastern Canada.
They have succeeded in break
ing un what is described as tine
biggest rum-running ring in Can
ada after months of effort.
SERIES OF RAIDS
Working quietly. squads Of
'mounties" staged a series OF
raids in towns along the lower St.