davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1933-01-22

state of war" has not alleviated con-
ditions in industry and the agricultural
crisis is deepening.
The statistics compiled by the Labor
Office shows, for the countries from
which reliable figures can be obtained,
the following increase or decrease In
unemployment, as compared with a
year ago:
Austria, - per cent; Germany 8 per
cent; Britain, per cent; Belgium, 68
per cent; Czechoslovakia, 96 per cent:
Holland, SIS per cent; Australia, l per
cent; Canada (according to trade un-
ion figures per cent increase and ac-
cording to employment exchange re-
turns a decrease Of % per cent?; Chile,
158 per cent; Denmark, 80 per cent;
Finland, "a per cent; France, 1876 per
cent; Hungary, % per cent; Irish Free
State, 241 per cent; Italy, IL per cent;
Japan, 26 per cent; New Zealand, 10 per
cent: Norway, IL per cent; Sweden, 70
per cent; Switzerland, IS per cent;
Yugoslavia, 4 per cent, Danzig, % per
cent: the Saar district, 46 per cent.
Esthonia and Poland. which show de-
creases Of 8 per cent and Al per cent
IN unemployment, respectively, for the
year are the only countries with favor
able balance6s
Evening star., 1933-01-22
JAPANESE ON VERGE
OF BOYCOTTING LEAGUE
Cancellation Procedure Now Appears
Exhausted After Tokio's Rejection
of Compromise.

week by the American embassies in
Paris and London, together with Presi-
dent-elect Roosevelt's bulletin backing
American Secretary Of State Henry l..
Stimson and President Hoover in their
Far Eastern policy, have created an
immense impression abroad and a
tightening of the Acknowledgements
tension is alleged to have been an
immediate result
This correspondent is able to reveal
Japan's arguments in the crucial
private meeting Wednesday of the
Committee OF Nineteen in Geneva
against inviting the United States and
RUSSIA to participate on the proposed
conciliation committee as follows:
l. The League has no right to invite
non- members.
2. The presence of the United States
might tend unduly to favor China.
3 II the American representative
should In any respect tend to infringe
on the independence of Manchukuo it
might be impossible to restrain the feel
lngs OF the Japanese public.
4. The presence of Russia On the
commission would be also Objectionable
and Japan understands that Russia will
refuse to serve, but if the United States
Is invited and accepted, then Russia
would accept.
In these circumstances it is interest,"
ing to review the attitudes of the prin-
cipal powers. Great Britain and France.
as the League members principally in
terested, are undoubtedly determining
the Leagues attitude. The majority
British opinion seems to favor China,
but In British foreign policy the public
and Parliament seem to have little say.
Inc government decides. A majority Of
the BRUSH government, including For
eign Minister Sir John Simon, seems
TO feel that, with China disorganized.
Japan'S situation is exceptional and
worthy OF every consideration
Dislikes League Sanctions.
The British government dislikes the
possibility Of League sanctions as long
as the United States is not a member
OF the League; it feels that the British
fleet IS underbuilt and undermanned.
and wants to maintain the balance of
power as between Japan and Russia.
Japan and China and perhaps even
between Japan and the United States.
1t remembers how in 1927, when
Great Britain had trouble in China,
the United States refused to cooperate,
yet it greatly desires to maintain the
1rlendlleSt relations with the United
states. 1t is further hampered by in
terror political difficulties, labor agita-
tlons and the possibility of new eiec-
tions soon.
French opinion in the vast majority
Is also pro-Chinese, though the leading
newspapers Tor various reasons are SYM
pathetic with Japan. The French gov
ernment wants to pursue the better
Franco American relations begun under
former Premier Andre Tardieu and de-
CONTINUED on Third Page
Evening star., 1933-01-22

direct taxes. Consumption Of taxable
commodities does not decrease to the
same extent in bad times as do in
comes. It has been evident that the
tax system must be modelled more to
meet present conditions. Therefore q
readjustment of the ratio of direct to
indirect taxes to meet the existing
situation becomes difncult to avoid
Hoover Urges Sales Tax.
President-elect Roosevelt stands for
the greatest possible utilization of
taxes based upon the principle Of ability
to pay, which in a radio speech during
the campaign he defined as meaning
income and inheritance taxes. Presi-
dent Hoover and Secretary of the
Treasury Mills, while willing to utilize
these taxes so far as possible, have
recommended approval Of a ga per
cent manuff cturers' sales tax applying
on nearly IL commodities except food
and some articles Of clothing.
In the budget for the fiscal year
1884. nc pending in Congress, receipts
from all sources are estimated at
S2,949. .162,713, including $157, 7,393,525 of
trust funds which are paid in for use
for specific purposes.
Exclusive of trust fund receipts, the
remaining $2,791, ,769, ,188 is divided as
follows:
Evening star., 1933-01-22

All internal revenue receipts, in
cluding income and miscellaneous taxes.
account for 1891 900 900, or 71.32 per
cent OF the estimated 1884 total; custom
receipts for $500 0,000,0 900, or 1146 per
cent, and miscellaneous receipts for
$48o, 769, 1873, or 1922 per cent. In the
fiscal year 1882 income taxes represented
almost so per cent of ordinary revenues,
miscellaneous taxes about % per cent,
customs duties about Is per cent and
miscellaneous receipts about IL per
cent.
Excise Items Increased.
The imposition Of new excise taxes
in the 1882 revenue act has increased
the percentage of the items classified
as miscellaneous internal revenue so
as almost to equal the income tax reve-
nue.. In recent years the income taxes
have borne a much larger share Of the
total. Furthermore, while the income
tax revenue has dropped from more
than half to little more than q third
Of the ordinary revenues, it will repre-
sent in 1884 only about oue-fourth Of
the estimated expenditures.
In the fiscal year 1928 income taxes
represented 56.2 per cent Of total Or
dinary revenue and an even greater
percentage of expenditures, as there
was surplus that year. The amout
raised from that source was $2,174,573,-
900.
The largest amount ever obtained
from income taxes was in 1920, when
the total was $3.50, $4,000. This rep
resented SO per cent of all ordinary
revenues. At that time normal rates
on individual incomes were 4 land 8
per cent and the maximum surtax was
IS per cent and the wartime excess
profits tax on corporation incomes was
still in effect. An even higher per-
centage Of total ordinary revenues was
shown in 1919, when income tax re-
ceipts amounting to $2,838, ,999, 900 rep
resented 67.8 per cent.
Between 1922 and 1926, during which
period three successive tax reductions
became effective, the income tax share
OF total ordinary revenues fiuctuated
between A and SO per cent.
Figures on receipts in the most re-
cent fiscal year of 1882 show that In
come tax revenues have fallen OF by q
much greater percentage than miscel-
laneous internal revenue receipts.
Taxes on the incomes of individuals
and corporations produced $1,057 $780,
900 in the fiscal year 1892, as compared
with 81, ,860, ,400, 900 in 1891, q decrease
Of $803, ,100, 900, or 43.2 per cent. The
current individual income tax collec-
tions fell OF 51.9 per cent, current cor
poration income tax collections, A PEI
cent and back-tax collections, 20.6 per
cent
Receipts from miscellaneous taxes
shrunk BY an average percentage Of
Evening star., 1933-01-22
BY ALBIN E. JOHNSON.

- ENEvA.-In its latest omelal f.;la
survey, preparatory to dra1tlng
r reports for submission to the
~ Preparatory Committee OF the
nronosed World Economic Con-
ference. the International Labor Or
fire. has ascertained that while unem-
nIovment as compared with II months
agc is still increasing, there has been
a nerceptible decrease in idle workers
the mast three months, as compared
with the figures for July, August ana
September.
There are still more than 10000, 600
,,nemnloyed workers In the more I'm.
nortant industrial and agricultural
Countries of the world, and the frozen
earning capacity, and incidentany
snendinp power. amounted 10 more
than 100. .o6O, 900, 900 gold francs (aDout
500 900, 900, ,OO0) last year.
Continuing its policy OF LOOKING iacts
IN the face, avoiding political lmpnca-
tions SO far as possible, and seeking m
ternational cooperation in tacklmg the
world wide unemployment problem, Inc
International Labor Office has mappeo
out an ambitious program Tor 1888. iIs
initial task is to frame report for SUD
mission both to the Economic CONFER
ence and the annual assembly OF the
Labor Bureau, which meets in Geneva
in May, on the question OF reduced
working hours. Committees are also
pressing for action in regard to inter-
national public works schemes which 1t
is hoped will absorb several hundred
Thousand idle European workers the
coming Spring and Summer.
U. S. Cooperation Expected.
Co-operation of the United States,
for the first time officially, with the
International Labor Office is expected
when President-elect Roosevelt taxes
Office. 1t is believed Mr.. Roosevelt Will
comply with the resolution Of the Amer
ican Federation of Labor asking that
representative of the United States De-
partment of Labor be permanently sta
toned at Geneva to keep in touch with
the Labor Office.
In its review of the actual world sit
uation the Labor ONCE finds that un-
employment continues practically un-
abated in most countries as the new
wear gets under way. Only Poland and
Esthonia, out Of 25 countries from which
official or authoritative reports are
available, show q decrease In the num-
Evening star., 1933-01-22

UPPER, LEFT TO RIGHT SENATOR PAT HARRISON OF MSSS
REPRESENTATIVE T. SENATOR
DAVID WALSH MASSACHUSETTS AND REPRESENTATIVE ROBERT
L. DOUCHTON OF NORTH CAROLINA.
LOWER, SENATOR CORDELL
NESSEE REPRESENTATIVE ARKANSAS
THESE WILL PROBABLY HOLD KEY POSITIONS IN THE
NEW CONGRESS IN SHAPING DEMOCRATIC BUDGET
BALANCING PROGRAM.
Evening star., 1933-01-22
World Has 30,OOO,O0O Without Jobs,
But Recent Betterment Is Shown

ber of workers unemployed as compared
with the beginning of 1882. The en-
couraging sign, however, is that while
there are more idle than there were a
year ago, in the industrial countries OF
Belgium, France, Poland and Great
Britain there are less unemployed now
than there were during the late Summer
and Autumn months. Ordinarily ru1-
employment increases in normal times
during the Winter months, but this ad-
verse seasonal fluctuation appears to
have been overcome in the above-men-
toned countries. In Germany and Italy,
also heavily industrialized countries, the
increase was relatively slight, Ger
many's total of unemployed as COM
pared to her entire working population
increasing only from % per cent to 20
per cent, and Italy's workleSs growing
from $780, 900 to 1,075,106
At the beginning Of January 37.2 per
cent of Belgium's workers were idle. as
against more than 40 per cent three
months ago. Poland showed the great
est recovery, her total percentage OF
unemployed falling from 1913 per cent
to about I'll per cent Of her entire
working population over the same Pc
riod. Poland has reduced her unem-
plOyed by nearly half over the past
year. She now has only about 15o,849
idle.
A little over % per cent Of Britain's
working population Is idle as 1888 be-
gins, which Is a gain Of per cent over
last year. Latest figures show 2,849,-
025 compulsory insured workers on
"doles." That Is 114,171 more than the
same date a year ago. Germany's un-
employed, in receipt Of compulsory in
surance relief, number $685., ,643, which
is a gain of nearly 100000 in IL months.
The countries hardest hit during 1892
are Ireland, whose unemployed have
increased 241 per cent In IL months;
Chile, which has 158 per cent more idle
now than q year ago, and France,
where the increase In unemployed for
the year is 1876 per cent. In Austria,
Germany, Australia, Norway, Italy,
Yugoslavia and New Zealand the in
crease amounts to around 20 per cent
for the year.
increase in Japan.
Japan, despite optimistic reports, is
feeling the crisis more and more. Un-
employment increased by 26. per cent
during 1882, despite cheap labor, . ia
vorable balance Of trade and abandon
ment Of the gold standard Even .
Evening star., 1933-01-22

ENEVA.-In its latest official
survey, preparatory to drafting
I T reports for submission to the
~ Preparatory Committee OF the
Evening star., 1933-01-22

Continued on Third Page)
Evening star., 1933-01-22
BY PAUL SCOTT MOWRER.

crisis appears definitely
. to have been reached in the
League Of Nations handling of
L the Sino- Japanese conflict.
Evening star., 1933-01-22

w YANTED- Somebody to whom
M Uncle Sam can lend a billion
wv and a. half dollars before
January %, 1894.
Evening star., 1933-01-22
Held Based ON Ability to Pay.

The chief argument for the income
tax has been that it conforms to the
principle Of ability to pay. As a direct
tax 1t Is intended to be borne by the
persons on whom 1t is levied, an objec.
ton to indirect taxes being that they
Evening star., 1933-11-30

ing interest. The Republicans put into
the field q strong candidate. former
Gov Gore, who had also been Secre-
tary of Agriculture in the Coolidge
administration. Against him the Dem
ocrats nominated o former Democratic
State chairman, Edmiston, . veteran
of the World War with fine record Of
service. While Mr.. Gore bore the brunt
of the campaign almost entirely alone,
importing no speakers from outside the
State or district. the Democrats sent
Senator Nicely and some Of the House
members to the aid Of Edmiston.
Their success in the West Virginia
district will doubtless give the Roose-
welt Democratic leaders encouragement.
Had their candidate been defeated, or
even had he won only by very narrow
margin, there would have been cause
for them to pause and wonder II. after
all, the policies Of the President were
appealing to the people. It was one
of those battles that in itself made
little difference, for the Democrats
would still have maintained tre-
mendous majority in the House Of Rep
resentatives. But the loss of the battle
would have been widely herahed as a
reputation of the administration and
as an augury Of what was to come in
1894. Undoubtedly the Democrats,
sensing this, used the full power OF
their organization to get out the vote.
And never before has there been such
a large organization Of Federal work.
ers, probably, in the district, due to
the selection of many persons to carry
out the operation Of the N. r. A.. the
A. A. A., the farm loans and the home
loans, and other activities Of the Roose-
velt recovery program.
Evening star., 1933-11-30
Token Payments.

Thanksgiving day falls this year, ap-
parently, at time when Uncle Sam,
with respect to the $1,000, ,000. .000-odd
of war debts owed to the United States
Treasury, must be grateful for even
small favors. On December Is INSTALL
ments are due totaling sl53.o24,s27, but,
according to present indications, the
aggregate payments to be expected will
be something less than $l0,0O0,0O0 The
stipends now in sight will be so-called
token" payments. designed To avoid
the appearance of default or repudia-
tiOn, and accepted in corresponding
good faith at Washington.
Several weeks ago, when the British
American debt negotiations collapsed.
Great Britain announced she would
once again make a token payment. this
time of $7,5O0,000, on the installment
of $117,670,76 due December IS. The
British initiated the token system IN
June. On Tuesday Of this week Italy
gave notice that she is prepared to
make o token tender Of 100000 on
her mid-December interest installment
of $2,l33, ,s05, or, roundly, half the total
due. The italian of1er is identical in
amount with the sum paid last June
on a debt installment Of $l3,545, ,437.
The United States acknowledged the
payment in . rather sharp note to the
Italians, indicating that the payment
was inadequate. That probably explains
why Italy's tender On account Of next
months obligation Is proportionAtely
much larger. Represents . higher per-
Evening star., 1933-11-30

centage Of the December installments
than any other debtor is likely to pay,
with the exception of Finland. The
Firms had the honorable distinction
of being the only one Of the thirteen
debtor nations to settle In full last June,
when 1t paid its installment of $14S,592.
In consequence. the United States volun-
tarily intimated that 1t would consider
readjustment of the Finnish debt. II
this Government hoped some other
country would take the hint and emu
late Finland's example. the result has
been disappointment.
It is beginning to dawn on the dis
illusioned American people that their
European war debts are something on
which it would not be wise to bank too
hopefully. At best, 1t looks as If the
most We can hope for Is to use the
debts for trading purposes. There are
current indications that thought Is be-
ing given to this aspect Of them. It Is
said there Is reasonably immediate
market in the United States for 90
000, 900 gallons Of imported whisky and
for 100000 gallons Of foreign wine.
Strong hints are forthcoming that the
faithfulness Of debtor nations in fulfill
ing their obligations will be considered
in the administration of the code for
liquor importers. British distilleries
yearn to recover their prohibition
market in the United States, and so
co the wine growers Of France and
italy. The importers code grants the
Secretaries of the Treasury and of Agri-
culture q moderate degree Of f1exibility
in bargaining over quotas for liquor and
wine producing countries.
France is believed to have refrained
from retaliatory measures against the
Warren dollar" because of her hopes of
reopening the American market to her
vineyards. The French have been in
total debt default since December, 1882.
They may now decide it would be good
champagne, burgundy and sauterne
politics to 60 In for tokens" at Wash
ington on the British and italian
models.
Evening star., 1933-11-30
Views Are Widely Divergent
On Effect of Gold Activity

Vindicator is opposed to the inflationist
policies into which the President
seems to be leading the country, We still
have the feeling that he has something
in mind which he cannot yet disclose
and that he will stop short OF the dan
ger point"
knowledge that the country was pro-
ceeding along definitely planned lines
toward a definite goal that would be
consistent with the maintenance of the
integrity of the currency and Govern
ment credit would be greatly reassur-
ing" says the Charleston Evening Post.
The Oakland Tribune, the Lowell Eve
ming Leader, the Des Moines Tribune
and the Rockford Register Republic ex-
press similar opinions.
In the words of the Cleveland News
"the Smith outburSt climaXeS the move
ment against the administrators Treas
ury program" but the Newark Evening
News believes that Smiths forcefulnesS'
in expressing his economic convictions
is in character, but his statement, while
bristling with invectives, is devoid of
reasoning or of explanation of the faith
he voices" The Scranton Times ''re-
grets Mr.. Smith has lent himself in any
way to critics of the administration"
while the Gary PoSt-Tribune considers
AIS remark" fair specimen of a lot
'of the criticism of our currency policy
now filling the air. Most of it comes
as a result of emotional explosions
rather than careful and informed con-
sheraton" believes that paper.
On the other hand, the Springfield
Union calls AIS characterization of it
as baloney dollar the best shot yet"
and the Sew York Sun says that "Mr.
Smith has hit and hit hard" The Day.
ton Daily News, however, declares that
Mr.. Smith has not added, by the tenn
per of his statement to the even mental
balance which the country so much
needs, at such time as this, to main
tain"
The Chicago Journal of Commerce is
Of the opinion that "the President does
not lose Mr.. Sprague as just another
theoriSt; he loses him as an experienced
and loyal authority who could advise
wisely on fiscal matters" while the
Roanoke Times says this is the hardest
blow which the Presidents monetary
policy has had to suffer"
1T is happy circumstance" feels
the Charlotte Observer, that Govern
ment bond quotations at present fail to
validate the fears of DR.. Sprague and
his school of financial philosophy" The
Omaha World Herald contends that: 1T
is all very well for Prof. Sprague to dis
agree with the Presidents monetary
policy, and to divorce himself from the
administration on account of it. That
is his clear right: and it is his right and
duty too, perhaps, to argue the matter
before the people. But he ought to do
his talking with a cool head and in
measured words. This is, indeed, no
time for hysteria on the part of thought
lul ald Responsible people
Evening star., 1933-11-30
High Lights ON the Wide World
Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands

the Daily Mail on local questions except
that which is given a thorough coat or
whitewash by the (censored).
There is no question about fighting
such an order as was placed before us
last Saturday morning. The only ave-
nue. through which fight on censor
ship can be waged legitimately has
been closed to us. We must. therefore,
submit, though we do so with no good
grace and with smoldering resentment
that is likely to flame again.
Had we been "a menace to the peace
and order of Siam..' as the acting lord
prefect (censored) in the order, we
could have understood the action better.
ten words have in any way been anti
kind of trouble.
We go further than that. We frankly
admit that as Siamese-owned paper,
American edited, We have taken the
attitude that one of our duties to this
nation has been to maintain a sympa-
thetic and helpful attitude toward the
government and the people of SIAM
In doing that We have from time to
time attempted In our humble way to
point out things that needed correcting,
things that the government should pay
more attention to II the country Is to
be helped by their administration. Those
suggestions have not been our own brain
children. They have been the consensus
of many Of the readers of the Daily
Mail, both Siamese and foreign.
In other words. we have been attempt
ing to run newspaper for the edifica-
tion of the readers and for the benefit
of the country in which we live.
(Censored.)
There are good many strange angles
to this sudden evoking Of censorship
on the Daily Mail and the two Siamese
papers printed by the same company.
Is it not rather strange that out of
some IL daily papers in the city Of
Bangkok the censorship law should be
applied only to the papers Of the Siam
Free Press Co.?