davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1933-04-14
Concerning the Origin
and Observance Of Lent

HTp HE forty days of Lent are re-
VI garded as being kept after the
example of Moses EXODUS "a :2S)
and Elijah Il Kings, 1879, and above
all, as concentrating the fasting of
Christ Matthew, 4 ~.
The forty-day fast dates to the early
Fourth century. Its origin is obscure.
In the early church the duration either
was not fixed or it varied in the
churches in different countries. But
from the Fourth century the period o;
fasting seems to have Appropriated
more or less closely in most places to
forty days, the fast being extended
over six or seven weeks, according
as Sundays only or Saturdays and
Sundays were excepted.
According to the Catholic Encyclo-
pedia, st. Leo (who died in 461) ex-
horts his hearers to abstain that they
may fulfill with their fasts the apos-
tolic institution of the forty days."
But the encyclopedia adds that mod
ern scholars are almost unanimous In
rejecting this view, because the exist
ing remains of the first three centuries
show considerable diversity of prac-
tice regarding the fast before Easter
and also gradual process of develop
ment in the matter of its duration"
"The passage Of primary impor-
tance," it resumes, lis one quoted by
Eusebius from a letter of st. Irenaeus
to Pope Victor in connection with the
Easter controversy. Irenaeus says
there Is not only controversy about
the time of keeping Easter, but also
regarding the preliminary fast. For
he continues, some think they ought
to fast for one day, others for two
days, and others for several, while
others reckon forty hours both of day
and night to their fast
HE also urges that this variety of
usage is of ancient date, which i'm
plies that there could have been no
apostolic tradition on the subject
We may then fairly conclude
that Irenaeus about the year 100 knew
nothing of any Easter fast of forty
days. The same inference must be
drawn from the language of Tertullian
only few years later. And
there is the same silence observable
in all the pre-Nicene fathers, though
many had occasion to mention such an
apostolic institution if it had existed"
Pope Nicholas, who served from S5S
to S67, declared that abstinence on
Friday was obligatory on all commu-
nicants of the Roman church. Friday
corresponds to the day of the week on
which Jesus was crucified, and many
Of the early Christians were already
observing it as weekly fast day !;
that is, day on which they abstained
from eating flesh meats. Fish being
the principal nonfiesh meat. it accord
ingly became the favorite food for
those days when flesh meats were for
hidden. Also, the fish was one Of the
earliest symbols of Christianity
Cleveland Plain Dealer.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1933-04-14
The Faith -
ThatL life IsShonger
- Than Death

IAN A spirit of solemn festival Eas-
yD ter is celebrated, concentrating
to all Christians the miracle and
mystery of Christ's resurrection. It's
season in the Northern hemisphere is
the springtime Of natures rebirth, a
perennial drama of life arising anew
from the death and darkness Of win
ter. The story of Scripture and the
visible wonder of the earth's trans
. figuration tell alike of the triumph of
Fife over death, of hopes victory over
despair. of the dawn that ends the
night of doubt and waiting.
Easter is q Christian festival, but
all nations and peoples from ancient
times have acknowledged the symbolic
significance of the coming Of spring.
Easter itself Is linked to forgotten
ceremonies by which the sun was well
coined and the earth rededicated to
beauty and fruitfulness. This was al
ways mystery; it is still mystery
and marvel, though man has learned
a little knowledge and has made the
seasons his servants. The flower that
springs from the seed, the glory Of
green that sweeps the hills in spring
time are manifest miracles. They
fortify and justify the faith of those
who believe that on Easter morning
a stone was rolled away from
sepulcher in Palestine and death was
found vanquished in the Resurrection.
In the simple words that tell of the
earliest Easter, there is evident the
wonder Of its witnesses and the joy
with which they found their hopes
come true. For in the dark hours Of
Gethsemane and Golgotha all seemed
lost save an oft-repeated promise Of
resurrection. and hope alone was left
to warm the heart of faith and give it
courage. But the promise was kept
and hope was justified, and the mir
acle of Easter morning became the cor
nerstone Of Christian faith and doc
trine.
In a more ancient story, written
when no legend lacked meaning,
hope was the last gift of the gods to
a world infested with evils and sor-
rows. And hope might have died and
left the world desolate were 1t not for
the promises made and kept with
every cycle Of the seasons. These
have nourished in all ages the faith
which is "the assurance Of things
hoped for, the proving of things not
SEEN" They have taught men to work
and wait and trust in the future, to
keep courage through darkness and
doubt, to seek for new life and happi-
ness, even il the presence of suffering
and death.
It has been said that the times have
taught us again the value of faith and
the need for 1t. If this is so, then
this years Easter will be widely OBJ
served In serious and thoughtful spirit
For these are times of doubt and dis
enlargement and hope itself is weary
of waiting for light and leading.
The modern man is perplexed with
many problems, but those that touch
him closest are old as humanity itself.
He seeks jlife's purpose and its destiny.
He is aware of his own bewilderment
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1933-04-14

and troubled by the sardonic certainty
of death. Life makes him many prom
Uses and asks much of his energy and
ambition, but grants no guarantees of
peace or prosperity or happiness. And
he wonders whether this is all a sorry
jest, pointless prank of fate, an in
cident Of the restlessness of life upon
little planet, spinning aimlessly from
nowhere into nothingness.
The Christian finds a sufficient an
swer in the significance of Easter morn
ing. The foundation of his faith is
the promise of resurrection and its su-
preme fulfillment in the risen Christ.
But the question is older than Chris
tianity and its answer as old as the
everlasting hills and the seasons
which visit them. Life is stronger
than death and is forever renewed in
joy and loneliness. Darkness prom
ises the dawn, winter gives way to
spring and summer. The past may be
forgotten; the future is worth waiting
and working for.
For every flower Of spring declares
that nature is no pessimist and has
kept her promises since the world
began. And man, who is by birth child
of nature, may learn from this living
lesson to deny his own doubts and
keep his courage for the work before
him.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1933-04-14
To Bring an Easter Smile

40 DEHHB dH GdSteF OEIIIe
In northern Europe, many peasants
still greet one another with the cry,
Christ Is risen." The answer comes,
HE is risen, indeed" Then colored
Easter eggs are exchanged. Some
times jokes are told to induce an "Eas-
ter SMILE"
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1933-04-14
The Law and the Prophet.

Whatsoever We would that men
should do unto you, even so do We also
unto them; for this is the law and the
prophets"
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-08-04

tion restraining the milk control board from proceeding with its plans to stabilize the milk industry pending a trial of this case. Dur- ing that period the loss to the ap- plicant will be slight, if any. If the injunction is granted the loss to the milk industry and to the public will be great. The plan seems to be working. Why not give 1t a chance at least until the case can be tried and a final decision given by the supreme court.
 "I am governed by the evidence produced at this hearing. There was wealth of testimony by substan. tial men; the then commissioner of agriculture; a member of the leg. islative committee on agriculture: distinguished professors in the state college of agriculture; one of our most highly respected and ex. perienced milk dealers. that ser- ious and a dangerous emergency existed and that the chaotic con. dition of the industry imperilled the whole milk supply of the state. No one can continue indefinitely to produce or sell at loss.
 There was no evidence to the contrary.
 "The testimony concerning fire. parable damage to the applicant was weak and unconvincing.
 "A temporary injunction Is de- nied, and the case left to g trial on its own merits"
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-08-04
WOMAN ASKS $10, 1000 FOR HER INJURIES
ELLS' DECISION ON
 MILK IMPORTANT
Copy Filed in Superior Court Finding Is Far
 Reaching in State

Copies of the important decision of Judge Arthur F. Fills on the re- quest for an injunction sought by independent milk dealers of Water bury and New Haven against the state milk control board were hled in the superior court here today. The complete decision Is printed herewith since current press dis patches carry news or the state milk boards difficulties in other parts of the state:
 q am asked to declare that the milk control bill passed by the 1933 legislature Is so clearly unconsti- tutional as to require that . tenn porary injunction be issued forth with. The obvious result would be the immediate restoration of the milk and dairy industry to the chaos from which the bill in one short month has rescued or is res- cuing it. This am quite unwilling to do unless the law and the evi- dence require 1t. On the other hand, if the act Is clearly unconsti4 tutional and the rights of the appll- cant are being infringed so as to cause him irreparable damage, I must grant an injunction. The courts must obey the constitution rather than the law making de- partment of government, and must. upon their responsibility, determine whether, in any particular case, these limits have been passed.
 Near Constitutional Limit
 "A judge would be foolish indeed to say, in these times, This act is clearly unconstitutional He would be equally rash if he declared This act is manifestly constitution al and valid Fortunately I do not have to make either an actual nor a final determination of the ques- ton. Even the supreme court will not declare it invalid unless its in- validity appears beyond reason- able doubt This act goes to the very verge of constitutional limits; it Is by no means clear beyond a reasonable doubt that 1t has gone over the brink.
 "The constitution of the United States is not rigid. inert, senile. It Is fiexible-not in the sense that 1t can be stretched to meet the needs of the people for whom 1t was made, but that 1t fits those funda- mental needs. Not to stretch, but to fit. It Is notNa dead things It is a living, Q growing law. And so
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-08-04
Mine Trouble Must
 Be Brought To End
(Continued from Page D

Uniontown, Pa, Aug 3-(UP)- Twelve striking miners were sought today on warrants sworn to by off, ficials of coal companies while de- termined pickets maintained their lines around the mines of Fayette county.
 Forty-two warrants were sworn to altogether, and 30 of the strik- CTS named were arrested last night. The AZ were charged by the com- pany officials with responsibility for violence. Two coal company deputies, arrested early yesterday in connection with the killing of Louis Padrosky. were released un- der $500 bonds.
 The strikers organized for the most vigorous picketing to date fol- lowing news of the stalemate in the Washington conference looking toward settlement. Tickets turned out by the hundreds at every mine where 1t was supposed men would try to work.
 Progress Made
 Washington. August - (UP) - Progress toward settlement of the Pennsylvania coal strike was reported today after a conference between Recovery Administrator Hugh s. Johnson, labor officials and coal operators.
 Johnson, acting as mediator on behalf of the National Recovery Administration, submitted new basis for settlement. Operators promised an answer to these pro- posals after conferring among themselves later in the day.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-08-04

Turkey has ordered sS.soO.ooo worth of German railway material
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-08-04

constitutional law is progressive science. Tn these times of rapidly changing needs, the new laws, new remedies, are to be found within. not beyond. the constitution. Men do not make laws; they do but dis cover them
 Cites New York Case
 'Under conditions existing five years ago, this milk control act would have been unconstitutional Under the emergency which exists today there is a good chance that be that when the vital food supply structfon an emergency exists which warrants measures control ling surplus and fixing a mini mum price.
 "The New York court of appeals is one of our best tribunals, and it's chief justice, Judge Pound, one of our soundest constitutional lawyers. On July II, 1883, 1t held the New York milk control bill valid and constitutional, and said:
 Doubtless the statute before us would be condemned by an earlier SChCI0tlOu dS d tctIlCEdElOuS lutoE- ference with the rights of property and contract; with the natural law of supply and demand. But we must not fail to consider that the police power Is the least limitable of the powers of government and that 1t extends to all the great pub- lie needs: that constitutional law is a progressive science; that statutes aiming to establish standard of social justice, to conform the law to the accepted standards of the community, to stimulate the pro- duction of a vital food product by fixing living standards of prices for the producer, are to be interpreted with that degree of liberty which is essential to the attainment of the end in view; and that mere novelty is no objection to legislation.'
 Applicant Will Lose Little
 'The states courts should up- hold state regulation whenever pos- sible. They should be clearly con- vinced that statute.is unconstitu- tional before they declare 1t in- valid."
 Ut Is clearly my duty to leave the determination of this perplex- ing question to our supreme court. The only thing before me is an ap- plication for a temporary inJunc-
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-08-04
By H. o. THOMPSON Press Stan Correspondent

United Press Stan COfreSpOnuentJ
 Washington, Aug 4-(UP)- Hopes for speedy settlement of the Pennsylvania coal strike were re- yfyed today as operators agreed to meet with Recovery Administrator Hugh Johnson in a new confer ence. President Roosevelt himself was exerting pressure for adjust. ment of the labor war which is viewed as a crucial test of the Ma tional Recovery program. ..
 The new conference will be held today.
 Following the breakdown of ne- gotiations last night, Johnson held several telephone conversations with President Roosevelt at Hyde Park. He met again with Cover nor Pinchot of Pennsylvania and John L. Lewis. president of the United Mine Workers. At his in- sistence the operators then agreed to a further meeting.
 Lewis agreed to withdraw all of the strikers demands except their request that the miners have their own "check weigh men" at the tip- ples to see that the miners get full credit for the amount of coal they produce.
 The operators previously had re- fused an agreement on even this basis, but Johnson was expected to tell them forcefully of the presi- dents desire for a quick settlement of teh strike pending complete ad- -ty1stiment of controversial issues When the coal code comes up for Hearings next week. The admins trAtor said the terms of any settle ment must be approved by MT Roosevelt.
 Johnson enlisted the aid of Ger ard Swope and Walter c. Teagle, members of the recovery adminis- tration's industrial advisory board, in effecting settlement. They were reported to have been in touch with officials of the United States Steel corporation. The steel cor poration controls the H. c. Prick mines at which the strike began.
 The strike has become national Issue bringing into the open all of the major controversies between capital and labor under the Ma tional Industrial Recovery Act. The l. main dispute is over recognition of abor unions, which brings in the company union fight of the steel ndustry. It has gained added i'm lortance with the realization of 10th operators and miners that the { tecision in the present case may yell form a precedent to which op- irators will have to subscribe in he future.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-08-04
Scotland Yard for
 the United States
(continued from Page l.)

My idea is to create an Ameri- can Scotland Yard. The governor ] of each state would recommend to the justice department bureau of investigation police officer for training in federal methods. After a training period, the state officer would resign his state job to ac- cept appointment as a federal in- vestigator. But he would return to his home state and accept ap- pointment also as a $1-a-year po- lice official from the governor. That would give the trained in- vestigator both federal and state authority.
 Tn that way the federal gov- ernment could have on the job from the outset of any investiga- tion a trained man prepared im- mediately to assume full charge of the case if the crime appeared upon inquiry to come within the scope of federal law"
 Copeland discussed his plan with Louis Howe, presidential sec retary. and the justice department. He said the federal government was anxious to cooperate in anti racketeering efforts. President Roosevelt has assigned Assistant Secretary of State Moley to make an intensive study of Kidnapping. Cities Are Blamed
 Dubuque, Ia. Aug 4-UP)- Blame for organized crime and racketeering was placed squarely upon metropolitan municipal gov ernments of America in a prelim- mary report of the senatorial in- CeQti Uaftnn nc ct ta avrte J to-day by Senator Louis A. Mur- phy.
 A federal secret police was sug- gested by Murphy to meet the menace of gang terror.
 Murphys report centered on the development of criminal su- per-government in Chicago. The federal government, Mur- phy declared. alone has the power to strike swiftly and relentlessly at the heart of the crime problem. Senator Murphy said his com- mittee would direct its efforts to- ward drafting new legislation to enable the federal government to throw its full powers against or- ganized crime. Reforms of ju- dicial procedure will be proposed
 We should make 1t a felony to pay money or to negotiate with kidnapers or their agents" he said. The principal task of our committee is to determine the new legislation needed to give complete coverage to these crimes and the possible reform of judicial proced- ure in respect to the writs of ha- beas corpus and supersedeas."
 Murphy described his proposed federal secret police as "a federal law enforcement unit that will cover the populous centers work ing quietly, thoroughly and re- lentlessly. For the terrorism of hoodlums must be substituted the terrorism of the law"
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-08-04
NOTICE.

Corner of Wall and Shelly Streets sNotice is hereby given that the 3oard of Zoning Appeals, appoint q under the Building Zone )rdinance. will hold a public hear ng on Monday evening, August 7th, 933. at 2 o'clock standard time. 8 ,'clock. daylight saving time, in the dayor's office. City Hall Building: Angelo Gugliotti requesting permis- ion to construct a brick building U the corner of Wall and Shelley ,treets in the City of Waterbury, .aid building to have one store and aour rooms on first floor, basement iQ be arranged for the convenience 1f one car garage. Said property teferred to being in the "B" Resi- 1entfal zone.
 All persons or corporations hav- 3pg any interest in the above mat ter should appear and be heard in relation thereto at the time and place above specified.
 THOMAS B. KELLY, Secretary, Board of Zoning 3s4-2t Appeals.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-08-04

Charging that she was perman- ently injured when struck by a large box that was thrown from the cellar of the F. W. Woolworth Co near the Phoenix avenue en- trance of the store, Esther Burk- man, 50, of this city to-day in- stituted suit for $10.000 against the company in the common pleas court.
 B. Swirsky & Co, Inc, of Water bury, trucking concern, is named co-defendant in the action which has been brought by Attorney 1rv- ing w Pasternak. The suit is re- turnable to court in September.
 The plaintiff charges she was leaving the side entrance of the store last March 29th when the box
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-08-04
Hurt When Hit By Box Thrown
 Up From Cellar
F. w. WooIworth Co Is Defendant in Action Brought By Esther Burkman- Trucking Concern Is Made Codefendant- Woman Was Leaving Store When Hit By Crate

was thrown by an employe of the company and struck her, knocking her to the ground. The employe was engaged in assisting Ben- jamin Swirsky in removing boxes and crates from the cellar of the store. Swirsky was standing on the sidewalk and after the boxes were thrown up to him he placed them on his truck to cart them away.
 As a result of her fall the plain tiff sustained a displaced semi- lunar cartilage of the right knee causing that member to swell and render it painful for use. As a re- suit she can do little walking and is required to limp. The condition will be permanent the suit alleges.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-08-04
Boxing Bouts at Washington Park Tonight

Another of the popular boxing programs has been arranged for presentation at the Washington Park playground this evening. As an added attraction, Kid" Her. shey, well known negro welter- weight has agreed to go several rounds in an exhibition bout. Peter Murphy, supervisor has arranged a stellar program for the evening. All ball games scheduled for the park are to be played elsewhere because of the large attendance ex- pected,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-08-04
FULL WEATHER REPORT

WashIngton, Aug 4.-(CP)-The weather forecast:
 Maine: Fair, continued cool to- night; Saturday fair, slowly rising temperature in southwest portion. cool tonight: Saturday fair, slowly rising temperature in north portion.
 Rhode Island and Connecticut: Fair continued cool tonight; Sat- urday fair.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-08-04
May Try Capone

Chicago, Aug 4-(UP)-Poss bility that Al Capone may be brought here from Atlanta federal penitentiary for trial on racket eering charges was seen to-day in reports that local authorities were about to ask officials in Washing ton to sanction his return.
 Capone, serving an II year term on income tax evasion conviction was indicted last week with a score of others by a federal grand jury on charges of melting trade racketeering here.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-08-04
Mrs Moody Will
 Not Start the Tennis Matches

New York, August - (UP) = Mrs Helen wills Moody has with drawn from play in today's open. ing matches of the Engiish-United States wightman cup competition. according to announcement by the
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-08-04

limited states Lava TsnnIs Asss- clatlon. Mrs Moody consulted a phyaleiau this morning and he ndyiscd against competition. because she is suffering from Q lame back. Sarah Paifrey of Brooklina. Mass. recent winner of the Sea bright Bowl, will play in Mrs Moody's stead today. meeting Mar.
 garet scriven in the second sched-
 uled match.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1933-08-04
Y. for his final approval.

N. Y. for his final approval.
 It was learned officially that the administration contemplates no ad- ditional imitation at this time as It believes siEeable price fluctuations would impede the recovery pro- gram.