davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1933-10-25
ISSUE MNDAMUS
ON TAMEVY in
MONRGCOUNTY
WRIT SEEKS II NAVE SUI
FIclENT TAX LACED TO
COVER INTElsT AND
SINKING FUND d 5,
tDy Ass.ciafs
TALLAHASSEE

"y AaNHcSmfq
TALLAHASSEE
alternative writ
seeking to requi
commissioner 70
and levy a stuff
interest and pr
fund for retirem
Issued By the sup
On . petition filed
Life Association.
whether = final Vi
was set for Nove
The association
los Of Monroe cod
bonds. Of $1,000 |
1927, and also he'll
sounsy's bridge boI
each. is.ued At the
Interest ON the b
- Is unpaid. the q,
and sufficient take
levied to provide (,
Ekent.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1933-04-27
he had to handle 72o slippers in nine

she had to handle 72o slippers in nine
hours.
A woman who was the support of two
children and q jobleSs husband worked
as q finisher and received cents Q
dress. She averaged between s! so and
$3.50 TO: q 60-hor week. Women
finishing" expensive pajamas have been
getting 40 cents q dozen, which Is more
than days work.
An expert lamp shade maker re-
ceives pa cents to bind the top and
bottom of each lamp shade. This takes
10 minutes, so her wage Is 1012 cents
an hour. Adult women workers In
a hand-sewed rug mandatory aver
age so cents day.
Experienced seamstresses, making
neckwear, receive 1872 cents an hour
A girl who had three years experience
in a dress factory is now working In
an apron factory and gets az cents
an apron. Working at top speed she
makes 20 cents day.
Adopt Piece-Work Basis.
Many factories which formerly paid
living wages have gone on the piece
work. basis. One such factory pays
rs cents for gross of garter belts. The
fastest workers average 50 week.
Three workers in linen house showed
their pay slips. They called for So
IS and 80 cents for a days work.
Reports from employment agencies
show a lawyer offered So week for
an expert typist with knowledge OF
German. Another paid his secretary
a college graduate and court stenog-
rapher, Sc a week. A dentist, who
wished an assistant to answer the tele-
phone, receive patients, assist at the
chair, sterilize instruments, type bills
and dust six days a week was willing
to pay $40.
The situation of some junior work.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1933-04-27
BY WALTER TRUMBULL.
ecial Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
NEW YORK, April 81 IN. A. N. A..
-"Sweated" labor in the United States
has increased to such an alarming de-
gree that social workers are up In arms
and there is countrywide demand lor
State and Federal legislation involving
shorter hours and minimum wage.
A report from Mississippi indicates
that so cents day in the textile busl-
ness is not an uncommon wage. FIG
ures in the North put wages OF mill
hands as low as S. to 81 week MOI
only is pay poor but hours are long.
A cotton bleachery in the South shows
a 9l-hour week A garment factory in
New England discloses a 94-hour week.
Instances like these have instituted
such legislation as the Black bill in
Congress, for shorter working hours,
and many labor control bills in State
Legislatures. President Roosevelt con-
siders such legislation vital.
Estimates of the unemployed In the
United States have run as high as
10000, 900 to 100000. But owing to
the scale of wages in many industries
the plight Of thousands who have jobs
is about as bal They are worn, weary
and undernourished, victims OF sWeated
labor.
Not Limited to Garments.
The term "sweated labor" is sug-
gested by welfare workers, rather than
"sweat shop" labor. The latter con-
views the idea of dirty, dark, unven-
tilated lofts or cellars. 1t also sug-
gests the garment trade. Today, in
New York, with an excellent labor law,
conditions which prevailed in the old
sweat shop are infrequent. Nor Is
sweated labor confined to the garment
trade, or even to cities. In many places
where room, light and air are plenti-
full workers are expected to live on the
air. Starvation wages in comfortable
surroundings frequently exist.
There still are sweat shops. There
are, for example, operators who cut
goods in New York and then, to avoid
the law, truck them into neighboring
State where they have some little shop
that can be abandoned without loss in
case of investigation. There they fire
girls to sew the goods Such girls fire.
uuently receive little or nothing. This
is accomplished by taking them on trial
as learners" While learning they re-
ceive no pay. Later they are discharged
and new learners taken on.
Aside from the garment trade, sweated
labor is common in the silk, wool, toy
candy. hosiery, shoe, lamp shade and
laundry trades. Canneries are full of it.
Clerical workers are affected and in
stances have been discovered in the
tobacco and motor industries.
Appalling Situation.
In New York, called the richest city
In the world, facts and figures gathered
by the National Consumers League pre-
sent an appalling situation. They show
workers who spend the night in subWays
because they cannot afford room rert.
They show women paid 1912 cents for
making a dress, while the finisher Of
that dress gets cents.
Reports gathered by the league from
employment agencies and hospital social
service departments record such cases
as that of a woman who got 81 cents
for putting Innings in u pairs OF Slip
pers, so that to earn $1.05 cents day
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1933-04-27

ers, many Of them the sole support Of
family, is shown in q complaint re-
ceived by the New York State labor
department In regard to q food factory.
It read:
1.-THE company employs about SOC
people. They are mostly girls Of Is,
illiterate, second generation Americans.
The floor and tables are sloppy. There
are no chairs available and there Is no
health examinations very ordinary
precauation required in food factories.
The wages Of a most expert worker
average so cents a day"
In Connecticut wages have been with
held and workers cheated Of part Of the
little they earned by assessments for
mythical benefits. Contract shops have
employed minors and worked them long
hours for little or no pay.
Wages Extremely Low.
Similar conditions exist in Massa-
chusetts. While a minimum wage law
exists in Massachusetts, 1t Is not manda-
tory and sweat shop" competition has
forced reputable concerns to break down
their wage standard. In Western
Massachusetts, records show wages Of
cent an hour and in other parts Of the
State the wage scale has been reported
as cents an hour.
In Pennsylvania reports show that
many children under Is are employed
at q medal wage Of $40 q week. In
the textile and clothing industries many
Of them have been making less than 81
a week. Twenty per cent Of the women
employed In these industries are re-
ported to have been earning less than
IS a week.
For q weeks work in New Jersey,
sometimes 54 hours or longer, women's
wages In individual cases are reported
as 1926. $5.01, 1892, 1929. $3.50 and
$l.96. One check for three weeks work
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1933-04-27

tective to solve q murder mystery. John
E. Peck, wealthy Grand Rapids resident,
had died In New York, where his SON.
in-law Arthur Warren Waite, lived
and Rev. Mr.. Wishart suspected the
death was not natural one. Unwill-
ing to voice his suspicious without some
confirmation, he and DR.. Perry Schurtz,
physician, stole the body from its
grave here and performed an autopsy.
Poison was found, New York police were
notified and Waite eventually was cleo
trocuted.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1933-04-27

amounted to 70 cents. Another for q
full weeks work, with overtime, to-
tailed 81.
A report from Illinois has shown
that . girl In large Chicago candy
store and tea room received IS for
two weeks work. A millinery worker
got little over IS for two weeks
work. Women working on cotton
dresses receive 81 q day. Ironers in
laundries get $3.50 for ironing so shirts
Q day.
Reports of the same nature have
been made from Maine to California.
Cotton mills Of the South have been
running day and night shifts and
paying anything they could hire work.
ers for In an employers market.
Wherever labor laws exist the VIOLA
tons and evasions of them have in
creased. And In many cases the pen
alties have not been sufficiently heavy
to act as q deterrent.
Copyright, 1888. ty North American News
paper Alliance, Incl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1933-04-27
PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN

Preparations were being completed
today for presentation Of the chill
drens program to be staged in Pierce
Hall, All Souls Unitarian Church, Six
tenth and Harvard streets, Saturday
afternoon, under. auspices of the
Friendship House Clubs.
Three one-act plays, White Magic"
robin Hood" and Return Of the
Knights" will be presented. Music and
dancing will be furnished by pupils of
the Frances Gutelius Studios and Miss
Sarah Bergling's Wednesday class.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1933-04-27
REV. ALFRED WISHART,
| NOTED CRUSADER, DIES
Michigan Pastor Solved Murder
and Conducted Newspaper in
New Jersey Campaign.

BY the Associated Press
GRAND RAPIDS, Mich, April 81
Rev. Alfred w. Wishart, pastor Of the
Fountain Street Baptist Church here
and nationally known for his militant
crusades against vice and corruption,
died Tuesday night following a long
illness with angina pectoris. He was
Ct years old.
The exploits that won him most re-
nown were his acquisition of news
paper while pastor in Trenton, N. j.,
to further his campaign against vice
and political conditions, and his part
IN solving the Staying of a prominent
Grand Rapids resident In New York,
which sent the victims son-in-law to
the electric chair.
He came to Grand Rapids in 1906
and 1t was In 1912 that he turned de-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1933-04-27
EXPRESS RATES CUT

A reduction of approximately so per
cent in first-class rates and q drastic
cut In others for all goods shipped to
Offices within the Washington division,
has been announced by the Southeast
ern Express Co. through d. r. TONNES,
commercial agent.
The reduction was issued by the ex-
press company in competition with the
motor truck service, and Is effective on
rates Of all merchandise and other
goods shipped to stations on the South
ern Railway main line, as far south az
Lynchburg, Va, and on the Manassas
branch as far as Harrisonburg.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1933-04-27

Prague today after . flight from Ber-
lin, where he asserted he was robbed
and beaten by Nazis
The 70-year- rabbi said he got out
Of the German capital by rolling him
self tn q carpet and having friends cart
him outside the city. The rabbi raid
he was robbed Of about $500 in &C.
man marks.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1933-04-27
4SWEATED' LABOR
DEMANDS REFORM
Iona Hours and Extremely
Low Wages Have Become
Widespread in U. S.

This is the first Of two stories in
mid increase in "sweated" labor the
country over calls for drastic remedial
legislation. The second will appear to-
morrow,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1933-04-27
RABBI FLEES BERLIN

Former New Yorker Says He Was
Robbed and Beaten by Nazis.
PRAGUE, Czechoslovakia, April ~ (P1
Rabbi Jonas Fraenkel, formerly active
in New York religious circles. was in
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-02-17
Retired Premier
Lady Flyer Now
Is Colfing Fan
Former Ruth Law Recalls
Her Exploits Score
of Years Ago
By VINCENT MAHONEY
United Press Staff Correspondent

BEVERLEY HILLS, Cal, FEB.
I7-UPl-The spindling push
er crate" numbered down the
long green slope Of Chieago's
Grant park, a slender brown
haired girl perched alone among
its myriad struts and stays.
Loaded with the then unheard-
of amount of SO gallons of gase-
line. the slender craft shivered
under the burden, threatening to
break to bits as it staggered
along gathering momentum.
Then the wobbly takeOff, and
a full-throated roar from the
crowd.
RUTH LAWS FLIGHT
Five hours later ,plucEy Ruth
Law put down at Hornell, n. Y,
$40 miles away, and YEARLY
stepped down from her perch.
She had just broken all records,
masculine and feminine, for non
stop distance flying. The world
acclaimed her.
Later, Atlantic flights were to
make the front pages, and final
ly to become commonplace. Two
young men and one young wo-
man were to fly the Atlantic
alone. Two young men were to
fly around the world in eight
days instead of Jules Verne's 80,
and several young men were sue
ceSSfully to race the sun between
New York and Los Angeles.
PLAYS GOLF NOW
Mrs. Charles Oliver. the form
or Ruth Law, smilingly greets
the 2Oth anniversary of her hey
day as the premier woman fher
of the world. She lives very
quietly now in a big Spanish
house, her chief excitement the
prosaic. if exacting, task of try
ing to break a 100 at a neigh
boring golf club.
why did you give up flying,
Mrs. Oliver"
She smiled. "For an odd rea-
SON. My husband-nOt had a
nervous breakdown.
HE used to manage the auto
airplane exhibitions in the barn
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-02-17
Educator To Be
Fassifern Guest
DR.. Guathmey, Converse,
to Speak Here Soon

DR.. Gwathmey, president of
Converse college, has been invit-
ed by DR.. Jos R. Sewer, presi-
dent of Fassifern school to be
his guest at luncheon next Tues
day, Feb. 81.
DR.. Gwathmey will speak to the
students of Fassifern and any
other friends who may care to
hear him in the auditorium Of
the school at las o'clock Tues
day afternoon.
Quite a number of the alum
nae and other friends of the in
stitution will be glad to have this
opportunity to meet DR.. Gwath-
mey and welcome him here.
DR.. Edward Moseley Gwath-
mey succeeded to the presidency
of Converse after DR.. Robert P.
Pell who for many years was the
active head of that school. DR..
Gwathmey was professor of Will
liam and Mary college in Vir-
GINA when elected to this posi-
ton. He has had wide exper-
fence in educational and bust
ness circles and brings to this
new position a wealth of infor-
nation and experience.
Fassifern School has always
sent a large number of its grad
yates to Converse and DR.. Gwath-
mev will be given very hearty
welcome by the students and fac
ulty.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-02-17
economy.
CHEAPER BRANDS

In that year, however, HULL
Der of manufacturers began put
ting out brands to retail at 10
cents for a package of 20 as
against the previously prevailing
prices of Is to 20 cents. The
result was Immediately reflected
in Uncle Sans revenues, the in
creased consumption of these 10
cent cigarets-which pay the
same tax as the more expensive
brands-bringing the daily re-
turn to the government back to
the 100000 day mark.
The problem of double taxa
ton is one which many members
of congress feel should rest on
original action. In other words,
since the taxing of tobacco and
cigarets was instituted original
ly as a source TO frederal reve-
rue, it should not be invaded by
the states.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-02-17
|Cigaret Taxing,
Plan Would Mean
Big Loss, Said
Split of Fnrds Among
States World Bring
Budget Problem

WASHINGTON, Feb. II. (UP).
More than S5O,OOO,OOO of Uncle
SANS annual revenue will go up
in smoke if congress adopts the
suggestion of S. Clay Williams OF
Winston-Salem. n. c., that the
federal government turn over to
the states one-sixth Of the money
it collects in cigaret taxes. The
atatcs. in return, would be eX-
pectcd to forget the imposition
of state taxes on cigarets.
This method of preventing
overlapping taxes by the federal
and state governments has been
urged by Williams in conferences
here with Speaker Garner, Chair
man Collier Of the house ways
and means committee, RcprcSen-
tativc Raincy and other congress
Sional leaders.
HUNT REVENUE
With the problem facing them
of finding enough revenue to
balance the federal budget, con,
gross generally fails to regard
with enthusiasm any proposal
that would reduce the national
income.
The fact that. next to income
and corporation taxes, the big
bulk of Uncle Sans internal rev.
enue comes from the tax on Gig
arets is not realized generally.
In round figures, his income
from this one source is S1,OOO,-
600 a day. In 1880. for exam
pie, it amounted to exactly $751;
$50, 1871. 4
Due to the fact that cigaret
taxes are based on the number
produced and not on their sales
price, this source of revenue has
not been seriously affected by
the depression. 1t was cut some
SAL. 100000 in 1881, smokers APP
parently turning to pipes or roll.
ing their own as matters OF
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-02-17

WILLIAM ROSS WALLACE
w wrote the lines. EAMON DE
VALERA is PRESIDENT Of
THE COUNCIL, League OF Ma
lions assembly. CHAS. a. DL'N
YEA invented and operated the
first successful automobile driven
by gasoline engine in America
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-02-17
KAY STROZZI
By NEA Service
HOLLYWOOD. Calf, Feb. 16.

By NEA Service
HOLLYWOOD. Calf, Feb. 16.
Everybody these days is boldly
venturging into the white col
Jared class" But such individu-
atty about the white collars they
are wearing,
'-' Kay Strozzi wears an adapted
Lord Byron collar that is particu-
larly becoming to her oval face.
With a loUnging suit that has a
very dark glowing green bell-hOp
Jocket, she wears cleaning
white satin blouse with this cut
to its collar. With It she knots a
foEr-in-hand tie.
Joan Crawford gets the most
unusual and individual white col
lar touches of any star. launching
at the M-G-M cOmmiSSary with
Gary Cooper and Howard Hawks.
jean wore a simple sports dress,
topped bv a white box sports coat
and an absolutely huge white tat
feta scarf tie about her neck.
Joan Bennett IS more apt I 0
button her white collars in the
back, in ministerial manner which
gives her a demure look On
black .one-piece daytime dress she
has double round collar and deep
double cups of crisp white GRIN
kled organdie.
f Ann Harding's white collars
, have a way of being rolls Of erin
ky crepe, used with black or some
, other color. or perhaps a white
, collar inside a high-frOnt, high
, back but Observation-Disclosures
neckline.
90. Myrna 10y wears a double
decker, fresh looking white
plaque collar and double-decker
pfque cuffs on a hand-knitted blue
sports dress, with white pique
bow on her blue hat.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-02-17
Tile. at Mount Vernon

The original tiles used in the floef
of the east portico of Mount Vernon
were imported by WASHINGTON IN
1856 They were of sou SAND
stone.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-02-17
Book Collecting Old

Rare books collecting is not. as
some appear to think. a Twentieth
century "fad." There were book col.
lectOrS in Europe in the Middle
ages.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-02-17
Early Use of Pipes

Pipes were used for smoking
herbs Of various sorts long before
tobacco came into use. Specimens
of pipes have been discovered In
very ancient sites Of Europe.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-02-17
Means to an End

All good ends can be worked out
by good means. Those that cannot
are bad, and may he counted so
at once and left alOne.-CharleS
Dickens.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-02-17
Web Of Life

The web of life is Of mingled
warn. good and Ill together
Shakespeare.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-02-17

storming days. l was the aerial
appeal. Then the boys began
cracking up. It's a sad fact that
the old guard of filters is almost
gone, ali of them with their he'll
NETS on. One day Nh. Oliver
put his foot down. So / quit.
81 haven't touched q stick IN
five years"
PLANE LIKE LINDBERGHS ,
She can remember when she tried
in 1917 to interest the government
in the Moraine-Soulnier, a French
plane with only one wing" A dim
photograph of that 1917 French
cereation could easily be mis-
taken for Lindbergh's Lockheed.
When she made the first loop
ever turned by a woman pilot,
and later made three one night
over the Statue of Liberty, fire
works flowing from the planes
stern to draw great circles in the
black sky.
And now she concentrates up
on the eccentric behavior of her
mashie niblick.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-02-17

WHO Made Good
MISS MARY BROWN, Charming
Member Of the Younger Set, knew
her cosmetic lore and her feminine
lure, was versed in Poiret and Pa.
tou, the Pouring of Tea and the
gentle art Of Playing Subdeb. She
knew the names Of the best jumpers
at the Horse Shows, and who was
Possible and Impossible.
But what she knew about Cook.
ing, Buying for the Table, and Keep.
ing House, you could write on oneof
her pink little fngernais in Capital
Letters.
Papa had spent his Last Cent
equip her to be Rich Mans Bride
But at the last minute she 0beyed
that Impulse and married Bill, who
had Tough Job supporting even
himself on his Meager Salary.
Rut Marv uae rama Che slowed
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-02-17

A prominent member of the Nazi
party, headed by Chancellor Adolf
Hitler, is, Prince August Wilhelm
of Germany, a son of the former
Kaiser. Shown here. in the uni
form of the Nazis, the prince may,
under the new government. have
an important post. His name also
has often been linked with mon
arehist rumors IN event the Kaiser
should desert his retreat in Hol-
land and return to Germany.
The producers news., 1933-02-01

rich lands which might feed an en-
pire were soon infected deeply with
the virus Of foul weeds and of wild
oats. And probably the only one who
ever really profited from this lar
gesse was the man with one hand in
the hopper and the other in the bag!
Politics and the Common People.
Come time when a county officer
was sought to be ousted from office
by the use of a fountain pen loaded
with green ink, and tallies which
were added to the election returns. in
five's and tens, like the price-marks
in Woolworth Store.
Again, when worthy woman
sought to make short trip and Wis
it-for all the rest of them did-an
executive order from the palace of the
kings forthwith and Immediately de-
prived her of office. A half dozen
Paul Reveres, with iron in their souls
and manure on their shoes, rode
lurching Fords all through the night.
And the next morning, when came
the dawn, an Auditors office hum
med like hive of angry bees, it's
sides bulging with embattled farmers
with pick-axe handles in reserve.
The Shift of Time.
The tumult and the shouting have
died. And many of the captains and
the kings have departed, most of
them poorer, and all somewhat wiser.
The bars in Plentywood are shorter
than they were; and the fixtures
are not half so ornate. Came the
Great War; and the farmer boy left
for his Adventure, amid the wailing
of the women at the railway stations.
The Flu; the Red Cross; the make
shift hospital; the Council Of De-
fense; Armistice Day; a state sena-
tor, about to be put in Jail because he
declared that Germany could whip
Great Britain, kicking open the door
Of store-building and establishing
The producers news., 1933-02-01

wife digging down into the old stock
ing where she had put the money
away for Tina's wedding, or for fu-
neral expenses, and paying it over to
the Red Cross, so that Her Boy
a cigarette, or, if perchance his white
face cleaned amid the poppies on
Flanders Field, dead eyes seeking to
penetrate that veil which separates
this world from that great Bourne
beyond, then that some other moth
The producers news., 1933-02-01

eTs son might have her gift. The
perennial sacrifice, the unfailing love,
the eternal yearning of motherhood.
The Epics of the West.
Some day some one will write the
great Epic of the West. Perhaps,
better still, some one will say it with
music. With flutes and viols he
will sing of broad prairies glowing
and golden under Gods brightest
skies; black smudges on the horizon
which mean herds of countless bison;
glinnmer Of white runps of antelope