davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1933-12-31

1t shows. for example, that the number
OF teachers, Principals and supervisors
employed for the 1884 school year, in
stead Of having increased at a normal
rate, has sunk back to the 1927 level.
The total expenditures are back to the
1924 level. The average salaries paid
instructors of all classes now is on the
same basis it was in 1921 and the
amount spent on each pupil is back to
the 1922 level. The capital OUTLAY for
new buildings and all the appurte-
nanceS OF the school plant Is the lowest
1t has been since 1913.
growth and development, it is found
that as much as 20 years normal de-
velopment has been lost by the inter-
ruption to the usual flow of funds for
school purposes.
The situation is worse in rural areas.
Cities have, for the most part, man
aged to keep their schools open, but
try has been unable to maintain the
pace. In addition to the 1000 schools
entirely closed, there are 1900 which
are operating on a part-time basis.
Many Of these are affording only a
three-month term.
Heavy Mortgage on the Future.
While the blanket code of the Ma
tional Recovery Administration is not
designed to apply to any public en-
ploye. nevertheless it is cited as sug-
gestlng minimum wage set up as the
least which decently ought to be paid
for any kind of work The minimum
mentioned in the Presidents re-employ-
ment agreement is for unSkilled labor.
Yet 2l0,O00 school teachers In the
United States today, many of whom
may be regarded as highly skilled. are
receiving smaller salaries than those
provided for unskilled workers under
the blanket code. There are "a 600
teachers OF rural schools who are re-
ceiving less than $3.50 year.
Another aspect Of the school situation
is that many communities are running
up bills which must be paid at some
future date.
The amount Of back pay owed by
the city of Chicago to its school
teachers now has reached the sum of
S22 600 900.
In spite Of the fact that the staffs
have been reduced so drastically that
there are now 1860 fewer teachers in
city schools alone than there were in
1881, there are 10000 now working on
a delayed-payment basis. No cash SAL
aries are being paid in Alabama. New
Hampshire, Pennsylvania or Rhode
Island Not only are salaries in arrears
in twenty-nine States there have been
defaults on issues of school bonds. and
in cases where communities have re-
financed they have been under the
necessity Of paying higher interest
rate. In some places the authorities
have resorted to the expedient of charg-
ing tuition to high school pupils. This,
Of course, marks radical change in
public school administration. in that it
furnishes a situation in which the
schools are no longer public.
Evening star., 1933-12-31
Lineup of the New Deal on the
Eve of the Convening of Congress

the President does not regard the
steps he has taken. or plans to take,
as currency imitation. They are ac-
cepted as moves to establish a national
currency that will support a higher
price level, permit other nations to do
business with the United States. and
give wide enough base to bank credit
SO that it will not strain and crack
again as it did in 1929
In the view Of members of Congress
who are likely to handle monetary
legislation, five steps are under con-
sideration by the President. One is
to get specific authority for all the
moves made thus far in buying gold
abroad. The second is the concentra-
moves in the Treasury, instead of hav-
ing them spread out as at present.
Third would be the recall Of about four
billions of gold from the Federal Re-
serve banks and their assignment to
the Treasury. Fourth would be au-
thority for the Treasury to devalue the
dollar and capture the profit. Fifth
would be power definitely to include
silver as partial base for the cur
rency.
whether Mr.. Roosevelt really favors
these steps will not be known until
after his message to Congress dealing
with money is made public.
x X x
There is growing evidence that the
Federal Government is very much in
terested in the increased foreign trade
of the United States that has followed
cheapening Of the dollar to level
nearer its old relationship with other
currencieS.
This is one phase Of the money pol
icy that was not so much IN the lime
light earlier But it is now drawing
increased attention. That adds to the
interest in the work now being done
by George N. Peek. former adminls-
traitor of the A A. A. and now work.
ing for Mr.. Roosevelt on a plan to
build a Government machine to aid
foreign trade. Mr.. Peek reported on
his studies last Tuesday, put his rec
concentrations have not as yet been
made public.
The use of liquor imports as a bar
gaining weapon with foreign nations
in gaining concessions for export Of
farm products is just one phase of the
whole problem that now is getting at
tention in at least four departments
of the Federal Government.
safes OF american prOCuClS ABROAD
are about so per cent higher than last
March and manufacturers nave orders
booked that are reported to be sur
prisingly large Some of the Govern
ment experts think that trade with
South America, Central America and
the Far East can be stimulated greatly
through the mere recognition of silver
as currency base. Silver is the main
currency in those areas.
While the foreign market for Amer
lean farm products seems to have been
greatly reduced by tariff restrictions,
the demand for products of mass pro-
duction industries is reported to be in
creasing.
But, again. In taking any steps to
finance exports sales or to tinker with
money, Congress holds the key. And
while Congress is expected to give the
President most of what he asks for.
it will make clear who really is boss
Talk of dictatorship is scarcely audible
here.
Copyright, 1933)
Evening star., 1933-12-31
Passengers Ideas Are
Sought by Railroads
BY HARDEN COLFAX.

The day when recommendations for
the ills of the railroads were sought
only in terms of bond issues, physical
valuations freight and passenger rates.
mergers and consultations, and treaties
Of peace with union labor, is apparently
over. 1t is being succeeded by a new
attitude-that of asking the travelling
public what changes 1t would like to
see in the railroads.
The emergency railroad tranSporta-
ton act, it will be remembered, directs
ton to provide for IAN immediate study
of all means of improving conditions
surrounding transportation" and pre-
scribes a fine for failure or refusal to
comply with his orders. While it does
not seem likely that the co-ordinator
will attempt to be arbitrary in this
matter, it is certain that any practical
suggestions made in response to his in
quiry by large number of the travel
ing public will have their effect on the
management of the railroads.
The co-ordinator, Joseph B. Eastman,
has been sending out a series of ques-
tionnaires to learn just what those
who use the railroads would like to
see done to make them better, more
comfortable and more desirable. He
had already asked the opinions of Spe-
cial classes. such as newspaper and
magazine publishers, the heads of
prominent advertising agencies and
managers of travel bureaus, on the
theory that these men have the ad-
vantage of contacts with the public and
the transportation agencies. Two other
survey forms have been addressed to
sales managers of businesses maintain
ing stats of commercial travellers.
The QUESTIONABLE sent to the general
public IS the first effort to learn what
individuals at large think Of the various
phases of the transportation service
problem, with particular reference to
the railroads The e.co-ordinator wants
suggestions as to how railroad service
Evening star., 1933-12-31

may be improved. He has mailed 20O,-
600 representative travellers a question
naire, or passenger ballot" asking
them to help the Government solve
the transportation problem.
Those receiving the QUESTIONABLE are
asked to give data regarding their an
nual travel by motor car, the extent
and character of their out-of-town
Journeys, driving costs anc other types
of travel, the time elapsed since the
last trip was taken by train and their
opinion on rail and Pullman fares,
excursions and tours, railroad sales
methods and advertising, passenger
train speeds, factors determining the
selection of a transportation agency,
and many other items. The ballot also
asks what improvement should be made
in station services as well as on train
coaches and extra-fare cars. in the din
ing cars and in regard to porters.
Among the questions of current in
want faster rail transportation? Do
that one ticket will cover all agencies,
including door -to-door" service?
How do they rate the railroad, steam
ship, bus, street car, airplane and other
services as now operated, and why? If
rail fares and service were adjusted in
better accord with the needs Of the
travelling public, to what extent do
travellers think that travel for business
and pleasure would be increased?
\ X X
This study of the rail transportation
situation is one phase of the general
policy to put the railroad lines into
sort Of laboratory to find out just what
is wrong with them and what can be
done about 1t. The co-ordinator has
suggested to the Science Advisory
Board of his organization that its Com
mittee on Railway Research, in CO.
operation with a similar committee of
railway executives, undertake a study
of how best to apply the benefits Of
modern science and engineering to the
railroads.
The Science Advisory Board wants
to know whether the principles of
scientific research are actually being
applied in the railroad industry as
thoroughly and effectively as Is "rea-
sonably practicable" and If not how
this situation can best be corrected.
(cepyrisht. 1933)
Evening star., 1933-12-31
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.

Salesman of Good Will.
John Wyckliffe brought the Bible out
To English speaking thought.
And Shakespeare is, beyond a doubt,
With mighty power fraught.
The duty of great intellect
Is to explain and to protect
The generous mood that never fails
That's why like the Prince Of Wales.
John Bull sings many a glorious song
To mortals as they grope
OF good intentions that 60 wrong
Yet cannot conquer hope.
Dickens through Tiny Tim, We see
God bless US everyone" says he.
Thus honest kndliness prevails
That's why I like the Prince OF Wales.
A prince should very human be
And always make it plain
That if he comes a cropper, he
Will mount and ride again.
Such writer's old seem of more use
Than Chic Sales or Anita Loos.
New thought still reverently halls
The old like the Prince of Wales.
Evening star., 1933-12-31
The Closing Schools
BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN.

When school bells rang for the
beginning of the educational year
last Autumn 1000 school houses
failed to open their doors. The
National Education Association has
just made a survey of conditions, which
indicates that by April l the number Of
closed school houses will be 10000. The
number Of pupils who normally would
attend, but now will be unaccommo-
dated, will by that time reach ! 900, 900.
Education authorities are appalled, at
the effect Of the depression on educa-
ticn. Governments are only as rich as
the populations they rule, and SO great
have been the losses of individuals that
tax receipts have fallen so low as to
make the bearing of school expense i'm
possible in many communities.
In country with growing popula-
tion the normal school enrolment each
year increases In times which are at
normal each year sees an increase in
wealth and income. But the depression
has altered this The national income
has dropped from around $85 900, 900, 900
to probably not much more than S40,-
600 100000 In some places, such as
Chicago, school teachers have for year
OF more worked without salary in order
to maintain the educational establish
ment, but point now has been reached
where even the expense of keeping
school houses heated and otherwise
serviced cannot be met
Since 1926 the amount of money an
rually expended on the school plants
las been steadily declining. In that
year capital outlay amounted to SAIL
037,000. The next year it dropped to
s397,Ol6,0OO, in 1882 it fell to s237,-
10000 and the budgets for 1884 call
Tor cnly s97, 600 900.
Here is decline of more than rs
per cent at a period when the number
of children Of school age was rising. In
1926 there were 24,741 900 children en-
rolled in the public schools. The en-
rollment now is 26, ,353,0 900.
The total expense of school main
tenance did increase somewhat after
1926, but very speedily turned back
ward and now is far down. In 1926
it amounted 70 S2,026 100000. A high
point of s2,3l6.0GO,OOO was reached in
1890. but since then there has been
sharp curtailment until this years
budget shows only 81 ,753 900, 900.
RetrOgression in Schools.
The public school teaching profess
sion of the United States is carving a
heavy load Because of the annual in
crease in enrolment and because of
the inability Of communities TO employ
a sufficient number Of teachers, each
teacher must be responsible for more
pupils. Using an index number based
on 1880, it is shown that the index of
number of pupils has risen to 124. while
! the index of number Of teachers has
dropped 10 %. In 1880 communities
were spending at the rate of s9o22 on
the education OF each enrolled pupil.
This year the figure is down to S6653.
The National Education Association
! has compiled some highly interesting
statistics to illustrate what has been
happening to American public schools
Evening star., 1933-12-31

recover British prestige in the North
Atlantic trade and has been lying
abandoned on the stocks at the Clyde
for two years 1t has now been asked
to save the tramp shipping industry by
equivalent subsidies.
In short, British trade, like trade
everywhere else, seems destined to move
to the plane of tariffs, quotas, plan
ming, naturalization and state inter-
vention. The movement here is slower
than elsewhere, but it seems none the
less inevitable. Meanwhile, taken in
the lump. the country is commercially
and industrially quite definitely IN the
upgrade and the new year opens more
cheerfully than any since the crash
Of 1929.
<copyright, 1880
Evening star., 1933-12-31

The Pennsylvania Railway will be
electrified between Washington, D. C,
and Philadelphia. In the new processes
of reconstruction a number Of old me-
chanical devices might be brought out
and busted off in the interest of general
progress.
Evening star., 1933-12-31

Among the ancient "reminiscences are
the old-fashioned Secretary of Agri-
culture who adjusted his speeches care
fully to the coIoquialisns of the plain
proletariat.
Evening star., 1933-12-31

It wd I'D be diticult indeed. owing to
modern cabaret customs, to bring back
the old fashioned saloon. In the Old
fashioned saloon, ladies we're never
present
Evening star., 1933-12-31

Litvinof processes to see a war COM
bination between Germany and Japan
which is no great Happy New Year
greeting to the little heir to the Nj
kadO's throne
Evening star., 1933-12-31

In the progress of his operatic ca
reer insult created the impression that
he was working for art when he was
making art work for insult
Evening star., 1933-12-31

Like many another explorer into
ancient civilization. Hitler has come
out more impressed by primitive bru-
talities than by classical standards Of
art or philosophy.
Evening star., 1933-12-31

Statesmen who demand all the latest
the possibility Of having the House and
Senate restaurants moved temporarily
across the District line.
Evening star., 1933-12-31
Overpaid at That.

From the St. Joseph Gazette.
Missouri legislators. who have been
fooling away their time and are paid
S. day each for doing it, will shortly
60 on the ST per diem basis. We still
think the taxpayers will be cheated.
Evening star., 1933-12-31

Christmas has been merry and er-
couragement is expected for December,
1884. 1t remains to be seen what Con-
gress will bring Santa Claus.
Evening star., 1933-12-31
Night Final Edition.

Night Final and Sunday Star zoe per month
Night Final Star. DOC per month
Collection made at the end OF each month
Orders may be sent In by mail or telephone
National 5000.
Evening star., 1933-12-31
Head Mourner.

From the Little Rock tArk) Gazette.
The head of what is described as "a
s35 900, ,oc0 defunct corporation may
himself be described as tbs corporations
chief defunctionary.
Evening star., 1933-12-31
The BenefciarieS.


Some food, placed yonder in the snow,
Attracts the startling or the crow,
The sparrow and the Haunting jay,
The mocking bird with stifled lay,
The red bird with resplendent crest
Each comes in eager selfish quest.
With rivalry that gives no heed
To one another's urgent need
Their own existence thus pursued
Is their sufficient gratitude.
AS by the window there we stand
With new supply for more demand
They look on us as creatures sent
BY nature, for their comfort meant.
And as each stranger comes and goes,
We say, Perhaps we are-who knows!"
Evening star., 1933-12-31
Comics Favorite Sport.

From the Pasadena Post.
Connie Mack of the Philadelphia Ath-
letics seems to build up ball team
much as a boy builds a snow fort, for
the fun of knocking it down.
Evening star., 1933-12-31
Rate by Mail-Payable in Advance.
MARYLAND and Virginia.
All Other States and Canada.
Nyenber NJ the Associated Press.

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled
70 the use for republication Of all news ais
patches credited to 1t or not otherwise cred
tied in this paper and also the local news "
puhltshed herein All rights of publication OF
special dispatches herein are also reserved
Evening star., 1933-12-31
We Public.

We Public.
The public some how pays and pays.
And never stops to nurse
A grievance when it still displays
A Fortunatus purse.
Still we proceed without regret,
Our effort to extend,
Though wondering where we public get
The money that we spend
Charity dat goes around lookin' fob
Sincere gratitude" said Uncle Eben,
''is liable to lose lot of valuable time
from its regular business"
Evening star., 1933-12-31
Home Destruction.

Home Destruction.
What destroyed his home"
LAS I gather the gossip" answered
Miss Cayenne, 1T was some sort of
incendiarism. He fell in love with
torch singer"
"a prejudiced impression" said Hi
Ho, the sage of Chinatown; "can not
be regarded as fact. Yet in the af-
fairs of politics, it has to be reckoned
with as SUCH"
Evening star., 1933-12-31
More Study!

What is you idea of money!"
"I'm not prepared to answer" said
Senator Sorghum, IT still have a lot
of studying to do in the higher mathe-
mates and psychology"
Jud Tunkins says repeal looks to
him little like prohibition. After they
get 1t folks hardly seem to know what
to do with it,
Evening star., 1933-12-31
Rate by Carrier Within the City.
ReEuIar Edition,

The evening Star. -. -. .45c per month
Iwhen 4 Sundays soc per month
The Evening and Sunday Star .
(when 5 Sundays. .65c per month
The Sunday Star r...,.,.....5c Sc per copy
Evening star., 1933-12-31

Hopes for an agreeable and clement
day for the beginning OF the new year
Evening star., 1933-12-31

Fifty years ago the custom of max
New Year calls was much il vogue in
Evening star., 1933-09-24
HOUSES-UNFURNISHED

PETwoRTH-EIGHT ROOMS. BATH REC.
reation room, garage; screened porches, front
and rear; sos. Phone GE 4497 24'
1853 ROSEDALE ST NE ROOMS.
bath. ami; sleeping porch; $40. r. o.
BELT. Union Trust Bldg. "a.
sI1 VIRGINIA AVE. SE.-6-ROOM BRICK.
electricity. hot and cold water; newly Deco.
rated; S3O.5 so. C. w. SIMPSON CO., 1927
Vermont ave. NE. 300 =,
NEAR MCKINLEY H. s.; STRICTLY WHITE:
fiat, 5 rooms. glassed porch; fine conditions;
$40. IA st. ne. North 02S5.
6l2 WHITTIER ST N.w;-LARGE DET.
rms. best cond,; garage; SO. Ma. 0971. -
264Ol 10th ST NE: BLOCK NORTH OF
Rhode Island ave.-6 rms. h.-w. heat ga.
rage; $50. so; fine condition. ma. O911. - -
3l7 ADAMS ST NE. NORTH R. !. AVE-
9 rms. bed rms; also inclosed sleeping
porch: fine condition; $50. Ma. 0971.
rs OGLETHORPE ST. N.W.-SEMI-DET..
rms. bath, breakfast ROOM 2 perchss;
h:-w:h, built-in garage. $50. OI4IE
REALTY CO, National $3.50. Sunday.
Potomac 2712- ----esz.=-
(Ccntinucd ON Next Pase.) 90
.
Evening star., 1933-09-24
SALE-APARTMENT HOUSES.

MUST SELL APT BLDG. ON ACCOUNT OF
sickness; good northwest location; 81 apts
ana BLDG. IN frSt-class condition; fully
.entec; cash required down to first mort
Gaze. Address Box .Un-B. Star Office
Evening star., 1933-09-24

S47. .5O-3 RMS, K. & B.
Amazing value in large family apart
meat, near new school and both car
lines; stores, theater, etc, close BY: GOOD
associations; g: z. REFRIGERATION ana
1875 CALIFORNIA ST. NV.
Evening star., 1933-09-24
HoUsEs-FURNIsHED AND UNFUR.

ETWORTH-MoDERN; : ROOMS. FRONT
and back porches; in excellent condition;
st. Gabriels parish and schools. COlum-
bia 6492-W.
RANDLE HIGHLANDS. 529 18th ST. Sc
Leaving city for Winter S-room detached
home. garage. Reasonable. Reference.
1914 MD. AvE.-13 R.. = B: FUR -UNF.;
mod; fine tourist rooms or apis; reason
able: inspect. D1. 5464. "a
ON EYE ST NEAR 2Oth-VERY DES1RA-
Bile house. IL rooms, baths. Most rooms
occupied. Fine opportunity for reliable.
competent person to get going business with
very small OUTLAY. Rent very reasonable.
owner WEST 1870. to l2 Sunday. $50 to
] 80 week DAYS.
NEAR DUPONT CIRCLE-NINE ROOMS;
ami; oil burner; electric refrigerator.
Potomac 4a15.
BRIGHT WELL FURN ROOMS; SPIEN-
did for rms. partly filled; good NV. loca-
ton. fine condition; reas. OWNER, WE
0204 in am.
4a13 ILL. AVE. NV OR g ROOMS.
sleeping, breakfast porches, yard and ga
rage: partly furnished. or unfurnished; rea-
sona,e.
5-ROOM, BATH BUNGALOW IN TAKoMA
Park; -w.h.. fireplace; furnished or IN
furnished; S55. Address Box 243-C. Star
Office
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-04-27
new CHIEFS OF
STATE 0. E. S.
TO TAKE POSTS
Installation Will Be Held at
Murat Temple This
Afternoon.

Grand oscers of the Indiana
Grand Chapter, o. E. s., elected at
the fifty-ninth annual convention of
the grand chapter. at the Murat the
atre, were TO be installed this after
noon by Mrs. Abbie Hanson, Ham,
mond, past worthy grand matron.
The new officers are Mrs. Rose
Malcolm, Indianapolis, worthy grand
matron; Alphonso c. Wood, Indi-
annapolis, worthy grand patron; Mrs.
Hazel Coats, Veedersburg, associate
grand matron; Harry Emmons, In
dianapolis, associate grand patron;
Mrs. Blanche Regett, indianapolis.
grand secretary; Mrs. Mamie Con
rad, Warsaw, grand treasurer; Mrs.
Josephine Brown, Rushville. grand
conductress, and Mrs. Mary Frances
Price, Vincennes, associate grand
coductress.
Five other appointive officers were
to be named this afternoon by Mrs.
Malcolm.
The convention will close tonight
with the eNttie Ransford Memorial
Fund dance in the Egyptian ball
room at the Murat. The annual pill
grimage of the new officers to the
Masonic home at Franklin, will be
made Friday
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-04-27
BAN
ON RADIO NEWS
Publishers Take Action to
Meet Competition by
BroadCaSters.
By United Press

By United Press
NEW YORK, April 27.-A resolu-
ton dealing with various phases of
the radio problem was adopted
Wednesday by the forty seventh
annual convention of the American
Newspaper Publishers Association.
The resolution was drafted by the
radio committee headed by E. H.
Harris of the Richmond Qnd) Pal
ladium.
The resolution held that
l. Newspapers should publish ra-
dio programs only when paid for as
advertising.
2. The association should protest
against the selling or giving away
of news in advance of publication
by press associations, since papers
pay a large part of the news COL
Letting cost.
g. News bulletins "in fairness to
newspapers should be in the brief
est form and prepared to whet the
appetite of the listener for more
news to be obtained through the
newspapers"
4. All newspapers owning or affi-
lated with broadcasting stations
should be requested to limit local
news to brief bulletins so as not to
work in the destriment of nonaffil-