Evening star., 1933-01-24
BY VICTOR KEEN.

Copyright 1893. New York Tribune, Inc
HSINKING (Changchun). Manchu-
kuo, December 14.-Manchukuo. IA
thered by Japan and born amid inter
national strife, has made undeniable
progress during its 10 months OF in
dependent statehood.
whether or not the new state is the
result of the spontaneous action OF
10000 900 Chinese" as the Japanese
would have US believe. is now more an
academic than a practical question:
Manchukuo is now a "fait accompli'
with or without the official recognition
of the world powers. ,
Anv visitor to the new capital, re-
named Hsinking, cannot but be i'm
pressed with the fact that the new
state takes itself extremely seriously.
Grandiose plans for railway construc-
ton. currency and educational reform
and industrial enterprise are being
projected. Everywhere there is evil
ience Of governmental activity. jap
anese influence is noticeable in every
department of the new government:
and it is significant to note that out OF
81 principal governmental othciais
whose appointments were made pubic
last Summer, only eight were Chinese.
Premier Is Chinese.
One of the most venerable Chinese
ofHcials in the new regime is Cheng
Hsiao-hsu. premier and concurrently
minister of education. Cheng, essen
tally a monarchist, held the post OF
chief Justice in Anhwei Province and
later at Canton under the Empress Dow
ager He was opposed to the Cnlnese
revolution and believes that the Re-
public of China has been dismal fall
ure.
and poet and famous calllgraphlst.
Serving as tutor to the boy Emperor,
Henry Pu-yi, for seven years, the pre-
mier Is still devoted admirer of the
Chief Executive Of Manchukuo. Sir
Reginald Johnston who was for many
years the English tutor of Pu-yi. says
nf Chang: His name and reputation
stands extremely high In those schol-
arly circles representative of the Ola
China of classical tradition. He IS un.
doubtedly one OF the most learned and
accomplished Of his generation In
China, and Is perhaps the most distln-
guished of living Chinese poets. He
was opposed to the revolution from the
beginning. not only because of his de-
votion to the cause of the imperial
house with men like Cheng loyalty Is
part of their feligicn), but also because
as a Chinese patriot he sincerely be-
lieved and still believes that the revo-
lutiCn was ghaStlv mistake and a
terrible calamity for China"
Shows An.ipathy for Kuomintang.
In an interview granted to me at his
official residence the premier clearly
evidenced his antipathy for the Kuo-
nlintang in expressing his views on the
subject of educational reform in Man.
chukuo. He is emphatically in favor
of oeleting from the Manchukuo text
books all references to the Three Peo-
pies Principles which are so thor
oughly expounded and indorsed in all
of the school books in China proper.
The minister of education declared
"All Of the former te:.t books used In
Manchuria will have to be revised be-
cause they teach the Three Peoples
Principles which are not in harmony
with the ideals of the new regime"
Mr.. Cheng pointed out that the two
most pressing educational problems OF
the moment are the revision Of text
books and the training of new teachers
who will be sympathetic toward the as
pirations of the new government. He
went on to say that "a standardized
system of text books, rejecting the
1CehS Oh LIle IltW SOFciAiiiCh1' Hluo' ~
evolved, and new teachers must be OBJ
tanned who are in sympathy with those
new teachings before any real progress
can be made In education"
Peiping Textbooks Used.
Most of the old school books already
have been abolished, ard. for the pres
ent, text books used in Peiping in 1923
are being substituted. Although the
Chinese language will be the official
language in the new schools. COM
pulsory study Of Japanese also is being
introduced English. which formerly
was the secondary language in the
Manchurian schools. will still be Of
fered, but its study will be optional.
I questioned the premier on the
question of oxtra-territorial rights of
foreigners in Manchukuo which was
being widely discussed at the time of
the establishment of the new state.
At that time numerous articles ap-
peared in the vernacular press in Japan
limiting that foreign nations which re-
fused to recognize Manchukuo would
in due course Of time be deprived OF
their xtra-territorial privileges in
Manchuria.
The premier assured me that the
extra -territoriality question is not con-
sidered an important problem by pres
ent government officials. Ever since
the government was inaugurated on
March l of this year it has been chiefly
concerned with domestic problems
such as financial and banking reforms
and the elimination of banditry," Mr..
Cheng stated He added: mo matter
what action may be taken by the
League of Nations regarding recogni-
tion of Manchukuo. the extra-terri-
torial treaty right Of foreigners ire
spective of whether their respective
governments grant recognition to Man.
chukuo, will be respected"
Provinces Included.
The present geographic divisions of
Manchukuo include the three former
provinces of Fergtien, Kirin and Hell
lungkiang and the new province known
Inner Mongolia known as the Barga
district and a portion of what was for
merly Heilungkiang. Jehol Province
is theoretically included in Manchu-
quo. but thus far its government, Tang
Yu-lin, has remained aloof and still
performs lip shervice to Chang Hsueh-
lang
The premier declared that the gov
eminent of Manchukuo Is determined
to bring Jehol under its administra-
ton, and that If Tang Yu-lin refuses
to cooperate with the new government
he Will be removed from office. He
went on to say that the populace Ct
Jehol has shown itself to be in SYM
pathy with the aspirations Of the new
state of Manchuria and that Tang
Yu-lin will not be allowed to stand in
the way of Manchukuo's unification.
Judging from the past attitude OF
Tang Yu-lin. 1t appears unlikely that
he will consent to 'be removed" except
by the force Of arms. He was at one
time an official under Chang Tso.lin
but has never been on the friendliest
terms with the young marshal. It is
not losical to assume that he would be
willing to lose his lucrative opium
revenues in Jehol in return for the