davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28
Nazi Thugs Put on
German Ships Here

NEW YORK.-The SIS. New York,
Of the American Hamburg Line has
put all Nazi thugs in the stewards
departments. A Jewish passenger,
Lowenstein, third class was beaten
by Naz bedroom steward, accord
ing to information received by the
Marine Workers Industrial Union. 1t
is also reported that the sailors on
deck and the black gang are resist
ing any attempts to replace them
with NaI.
The German ship companys report
IS cancellations due to sailors picket
ing their Offices.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28
'Barricades in Berlin
to Start Tomorrow:
Illustrated by CURT

Tomorrow the Daily Worker
wIl start publishing ssrially the
powerful novel Of the struggles of
the German masses, ''Barricades
In Berlin" by Klaus Neukranty.
This stirring book, based on Off
cial documents and sworn afiida-
Wits, tells the story OF bloody May
Day events in Germany In 1929,
when the German workers fought
heroically for the right to demon
strate.
"BarricadeS In Berlin" will be il
Illustrated by the noted proletsrian
artist, Walter Quirt. It appears
only In the Daily Worker. Don't
miss the first installment tonor-
row. Tell your Shopmates and
friends about it. Subscribe TO
make sure of getting your copy
every day.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28

tary systems of all capitalist coun-
tries and will lead to a terrific in
classification Of the chaos of cur
rencies and exchanges. Thus, ru-
mors that Holland and Switzerland
are raising the question of the re
organization Of their systems of
exchange, which means going off
the gold standard, are not wholly
unfounded.
The bourgeois economists con-
tended that a restoration of the
world currencies and their stabili-
cation is a prime condition and
basic premise for the "cure' of
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28
BORAH AND KING FOR
SOVIET RECOGNITION

WASHINGTON, D. C. - Two re-
solutions raising the question of rec
ignition of the Soviet Union will
come up before the senate soon,
sponsored by Senators Borah and
King respectively.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28

States to abandon the gold stand
ard,
Now. this terrible loss Of conf
dence" the reflection Of a new
sharpening of the world crisis,
which shakes the deepest founda-
tons Of capitalist production-be-
came a fact. At the same time
there were refuted the newest as
surances Of bourgeois economists
that confidence is again restored
in the capitalist world; that the
crisis Is ended; that the present
problem is only--how long will the
depression last. The legend Of
"the end Of the crisis, preached
during the last few months by all
bourgeois economists and adopted
by the social-fascist press Of the
world, stands fully exposed.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28
Raging Economic Crisis.

Already the frst news from the
United States indicates Slat sus-
pension Of payments by banbs and
the boarding OF currency Rave
brought about a sharp curtailmNt
Of demand and a drop Of tradN
turnover. At the same time, the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28

paralysis of the credit system in
evitably retards the industrial &C
tivity as a whole: production of
steel drops to a new low percentage
Of capacity, automobile production
is being curtailed etc. The Gen
eral Economic Crisis RACES IN the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28

States will have a direct and a Ca
tsstrophical effect upon the Ger
man economy and will only tend to
intensity economic contradictions
in the camp of the German bour-
geoisie. The pitiful attempts Of
German fascists to cure" German
economy by means Of an agrarian
protectionism and an economic
self -sufiiciency, will be rendered
exceedingly more difficult as re-
suit OF events in the United States,
and are doomed TO complete fail
ure
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28


TffE crash in the Fall OF 1929 on
the American Stock Exchange
marked the beginning OF the pres
ent crisis, the severity OF which is
unprecedented in the history of
capitalism. The development OF
the crisis in the United States has
had and continues to have a deci-
sive influence upon the develop
nent Of the world crisis. Comrade
Stain emphasized at the 10th con-
gress of the Party that--"the crisis
dealt its severest blow to the main
country OF capitalism, to its strong
hold-the United States-in which
not less than half Of the world pro-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28

approximately seven and a half bill
lion dollars, much of which is de-
f1nitely lost to depositors. The clos
ing Of banks that had reopened, in
creaseS the amount tied UP. AS long
as this condition exists there can be
no hope of relaxation of the gold
embargo.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28
G. K r NJ AN FASCISM ON
NEW YORK STREETS

NEW YORK.-Gernan fascist ter
ror is being practiced on the streets
Of New York A worker who was
selling German working-class litera-
ture at 74th st. and Second Ave. was
attacked by hoodlums who boasted
of being Brown Shirts.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28
600 VOTE STRIKE AGAINST REC.

WHEELING, w. Va, March q. -
Six hundred workers at mass meet
ing today voted to strike against a
twenty-five per cent wage cut on a
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
project.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28

NEW YORK.-Corporation Counsel Hlys decision "out-
lawng rent strikes and pcetng nothing but opinion
cooked up for the landlords to encourage the police to be
aggressive in attacking workers fighting high rents fright
and demoraize tenants the hope that they will not take
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28

the famous public works" racket,
which aids contractors. owners of
surplus road building material, etc.
Illinois received the largest amount
Of state loans, because of the action
OF the r. F. G. in enabling the city of
Chicago to maintain its relief system.
A threatened cut in relief there re-
suited in such mass demonstrations
that a special appeal was made by
the city authorities and state author
tiles for aid from the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation. Pennsylvania
was the second largest beneficiary.
SUBSCRIBE yourself and get yoar
fellow workers TO read the Daily
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28
Boom Burst Like A Bubble.

But that boom burst like a soap
bubble and was superseded by an
unheard Of sharpening of the credit
and monetary crisis, which shook
the financial structure Of the coun-
try to its very foundations. The
American dollar-that Rock Of Gil
braltar-to which the eyes Of Ex-
changes the world over were turned
with hope and assurances now
thrown of its gold pedestal. The
mouthpiece of the Midland Bank,
one Of the largest English banks,
stated few days before the latest
events in the United States I'M
folded themselves: I'VE must ar
rive at the conclusion that only
terrible loss Of confidence, fer sur
passing anything experienced here
tofore, would compel the United
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28
CALL r. r. WORKERS TO
ACTION AGAINST CUTS

CHICAGO, ILL.,, March 27.-The Railroad Brotherhoods
Unity Committee with headquarters in Chicago has Just is
sued call to action to the 100000 railroad workers in the
United States resist the wage proposed for Novem
Der l. 1888 This call in the of page leafet explains
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28
Economic Measures Of Bo~<secsse Doomed to Failure.

The crash of the credit and ex-
change structure in the United
States showed once more that all
methods OF the bourgeoisie for over
coming the crisis are doomed TO
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28
RED VOTE GAINS IN
DULUTH. SUPERIOR

DULUTH, Minn.-Tn the primary
elections last Saturday, Tom Foley,
Communist candidate for City Com
missioner, received 1921 votes, and
julius Cogan, Communist candidate
for Mayor, received 626 votes. Both
represent a big increase over the
Communist vote in the November
elections, which was 282 for Foster
and the highest was 452 for R. R.
Commissioner.
SUPERIOR, Wisc.-Siiri Anderson,
Communist candidate for the School
Board, received 1,176 votes, compared
to SAT votes in the last elections.
Walter Harju received CSC votes for
the School Board, compared to his
vote Of 245 for Lieutenant-G Governor
last November in Superior.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28

The actual end Of the gold stand
ard in the United STATES, tAc en-
basgo On gold exports from t1he
country and the cessation Il gold
from being . means a exchange
within Me ccwntry signify me
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28
Seamen on Beach
Ready for Action
to Force Relief
Call on All Workers to Join in Two
Demonstrations Tomorrow

YORK.-With two demonstrations called
at South and whitehall Streets, the bess
of this bringing to the front the role Of
shipping
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28

StrlKe actlon, and 70 lay The basis
for making such law legal.
The International Labor Defense
has examined Hilly's decision care
fully and denounces it as a vicious
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28
GOVERNMENT FAlLSN ATTEMPT
TO OBTAIN ENOUGH GOLD TO LIFT
EMBARGO ON FOREIGN SHIPMENTS
Washington Maintains Silence on Reopened
Banks Being Forced to Close Again

WASHINGTON, March 27-Treasury officials and their
advisers which include House of Morgan partners try
ing to develop action that may enable the United States
to resume shipments of gold internationally No attempt will
be made in the immediate future to relax the domestic
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28
SEND 5000 HAVERHILL SHOE
WORKERS BACK TO A WAGE CUT
Members Told 'Top Prices" to Prevail; Rank
and File Opposition Exposes This as Lie

HAVERHLL, March 2Another betrayal the
settlements
strikers engineered Saturday by the officials of the Shoe Workers
Protective Union when 5000 strikers in shops returned to
strike lasting three
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28
The Crash Of the Worlds Last Stable Currency

s Last Stable Currency.
crash Of the worlds last stable c~r-
rency.
This crash OF the monetary sys-
tenn OF the United States will deal
an inevitable blow to the none
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28

failure; that the more the fnan-
cial top will attempt TO overcome
the cyisis, the more intensified will
become the struggle between indi-
viduaI countries and the deeper will
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28
HILLY DECISION COOKED UP TO SCARE
TOILERS; CITY WIDE FIGHT IS ANSWER
Prepare Mass Picketing and Meets Through
Bronx, Brownsville
BULLETIN.

reports Daily indicate
stimulated by HIly's decision "OutIawng strikes"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-28

SUBSCRIBE yourself and get yoar
fellow workers TO read the Daily
Worxer.
Evening star., 1933-04-09
Women to Hold Bake Sale.

CLARENDON, Va. April tSpeciaD :.
The Catholic Women's Club of Ar
lington County will hold bake sale
Saturday from $50 am. to pm. here.
Evening star., 1933-04-09
NEW EXPEDITION
TO HUNT TREASURE
Norfolk Party Due to Leave
Today for Ship That
Sank in 1911.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NORFOLK, Va, April 8.-Anothel
treasur e-hunting expedition will leave
Norfolk today in the hope of recov-
ering silver, copper and perhaps gold
said to be in the purser's strong box
ON the sunken Ward Line steamer
Merida, which has been at the bot
tom of the Atlantic off the Virginia
Capes since May 1911.
! The new expedition will be headed by
Krass Everts, we'll known diver; Capt
John Hall, master of the trawler
the latter an expert deck captain.
tanks, rope. hoisting machinery, cables
and provisions on the Theresa and
Dan, preparatory to sailing for the posi-
tion where the Merida went down.
/. EvertS said he will use an ordinary
diving suit when he goes down to ex-
plore the wreck of the steamer She is
supposed to lie in about 200 feet of
water, about 60 miles off Cape Charles.
The treasure on board was known to
6onsiSt Of silver and copper bars and
about 2,0C0 barrels of rum. 1t was re-
ported that there also was gold on
Board and much wealth in jewels and
rloney, which the passengers of the
steamer left in care of the purser.
s.Another expedition preparing to go
after the treasure is that headed by
Capt. H. L. Bowdoin. whose salvage
vessel Salror and crew of % are ready
to start on the hunt The Salvor made
several fruitlesS attempts last year to
recover the treasure.
Evening star., 1933-04-09
Marine Corps Reserves

| Glasses in machine gun firing and
| instruction in the 9Th Marine Reserve
Brigade are making regular week end
| trips for firing on the machine gun
range in Quantico.
The machine gun companies of the
9th Brigade are Company D, 1st Bat
talon. Goth Marines, First Lieut.. Wins
low H. Randolph; Company H, I'd
Battalion, goth Marines, Capt. Crom-
well Warner; Company D, lst Bat
TALON, 23d Marines. First Lieut.. John
T. Irwin: Company H, I'd Battalion,
23d Marines, First Lieut.. Wilfred J.
! Serpas.
| Recruiting for April will be concluded
this week, with recruiting nights to-
morrow night and Friday night at 458
| Indiana avenue There are some va
cancies in all rifle and machine gun
companies and in the band. Appll-
cants for enlistment in the band, how
! ever. should first apply on Sunday
mornings at the arnory to First Lieut..
Leon Brusiloff, band leader. The band
rehearses every Sunday morning.
The brigade band will be supplement-
| ed by bugle section. and applicants
for enlistment as trumpeters are re-
Friday night of this week. A clses for
| trumpeters will be conducted by In
structor Ralph Montgomery. who has
had II years experience as field mu-
sician at various Navy and Marine
Corps posts.
Recruiting from now until this years
training camp will be limited to appli-
cations submitted on the first and sec
| ond Mondays of each month and the
second Fridays.
The 9th Brigade is organizing box
ing team to represent the brigade IN
competition against other ring teams.
All company and unit commanders have
,, been requested to submit the names ana
weights of candidates for the team 10
the brigade athletic officer, Maj. Harvey
| l.. Miller.
Sergt. Francis Charles Woodman. VINO
for nine and one-hah years was an out
standing Navy contestant ana ring
coach. is in active charge of the bri,
gade's boxing team. The team VIII
meet for training on wednesday eve
nings and Sunday mornings.
Evening star., 1933-04-09
Y. M. C. A. News

The Tech Hi-Y Club will meet in the
Rows Department at $50 pm. Tues
day. Eastern Hi-Y Club will meet In
the Bows Department at 7:30. At 8:l5
the Dramatic Club will hold a re-
hearsal in the assembly hall. The club
is rehearsing for three one-act plays
to be given during Easter week.
The Glee Club will hold its weekly
rehearsal in Room 2l7 at 8:15 pm.
Wednesday.
The Y's Mems Club will hold a lunch
con meeting at the University Club
Thursday at 1890 pm.
Vocational Opportunities in the
Dairy Industry" will be the subject OF
the lecture to be given Friday evening
at 8 O'Clock in the assembly hall. This
is one of the series of vocational guid-
ance lectures being given each FRIDAY
evening. The speaker will be o. E..
Reed. chief of the Bureau OF Dairy In
dustry. Department of Agriculture. The
Dramatic Club will hold rehearsal at
Emory M. E. Church South for one
act play to be given for the Box Glass
OF that church on Tuesday evening,
April ID.
The Central Hi-Y Club will meet in
the Boys Department Friday at $50
pm, and at tbs the Western Hi-Y
Club will meet.
The second annual Cherry Blossom
volley ball tournament will be held
all day Saturday, with games being
played in both gyms The international
Sunday school lesson will be broad
cast from Station WMAL at $50 pm
by Rev. Philip H. Murray, assistant
pastor of Calvary Baptist Church.
Evening star., 1933-04-09

Henry w. Lawton Camp met April g.
with Comdr Chauncey L. Davis pre-
siding. Recruit Joseph O. Trout, late
of Company C, 4th Virginia Volunteer
Infantry. was mustered into active
membership. Department Comdr
Patrick J. Callan, Quartermaster Gen.
James j. Murphy, Senior Vice Depart
ment Comdr. Charles A. Strobel. De-
partment Recruiting Officer George v.
McAlear and Past Department Comdr
James G. Yaden addressed the camp on
Veteran Legislation"
Henry w. Lawton Auxiliary met
March 28 with President Mamie Gal
pin presiding and initiated Stella Amos,
Lillian Schuler, Margaret Schuler and
Ellen Spencer into active membership
Arrangements were made for the recep-
ton of the department president
Catherine E. Huhn, and her officers at
the meeting April 25, the designated
time for their annual visitation.
Evening star., 1933-04-09
Organized Reserves

: "A provision contained in the act of
March 4, 1888. prescribes that mo
part of the appropriation made in
this act shall be available for pay,
allowances, or travelling or other eX-
penses of any officer of the Organized
Reserves who may be drawing I pen
sion, disability allowance, disability
Compensation, or retired pay from the
government of the United States" All
Reserve officers must make a report in
writing as to whether or not he is re-
ceiving from the Government any pen
sion, disability allowance, disability
compensation, or retired pay. :
= Cavalry Reserve officers will meet to-
Gay at $50 am, at the Fort Myer
Fiding hall for instruction in eauitation,
Binder the direction of Maj. H. c. Dag
hey. Cavalry. Reserve quartermasters
Will hold their instructional conference
tomorrow evening at Reserve headquar-
ters, under the direction of Lieut. Col.
Gregory. Maj. w. S. Kenney and
Capt. p F. Meade will lecture.
t-sAir Corps Reserve officers will hold
their conference Tuesday evening i'll
the Munitions Building. under the, di-
rection of Capt. Koenlg. At the Coast
Artillery conference at headquarters
Tuesday evening, Maj. w. H. Frank,
A. c., will lecture. ReserviSts of the
Military Intelligence Department will
meet Wednesday evening in the Mu-
nftions Building, under the direction of
Mai. c. M. Thiele. Reserve officers of
fhe Ordnance Department will hold
Sheir meeting at headquarters Thurs
Say evening. Finance Department Re-
serve officers will hold their conference
at headquarters Friday evening. Capt.
N. H. Cobb and Lieut.. r. E. McElfish
will lecture.
The assignments of District Reserve
officers have been changed as follows
Second Lieuts. Frederick F. Taylor
Robert H, Harper and Henry B. Holman
all Infantry Reserve, have been assigned
to the 80th Division; Second Lieut.
James E. Mcfarland, Air Reserve, as
signed to the 404th Pursuit Squadron
Second Lieut.. William j. Mealy, Air Re-
serve. assigned ito the 405th Pursuit
Squadron; Second Lieuts. Robert L.
Berry and Robert j. Madison. both In
fantry Reserve, assigned to 428th In
fantry.
First. Lieut. Kenneth M. Uglow
Quartermaster Reserve, is assigned to
the 62d Cavalry Division. The follow
ing District Reservists. having accepted
FGdppOIitIIleHG III Tie OllCciS NcSciNc
Corps without the privilege Of assign
n1ent or active duty. are relieved from
Assignment as indicated: First Lieut.
John B. Walker and Second Lieut.
J6seph M Holmes. both Coast Artillery
Reserve, relieved from assignment to the
3rd Coast Artillery district; while Sec
pnd Lieut. Paul S. Murphy, Infantry
Reserve, is relieved from assignment to
the 18th Infantry. First Lieut.. Henry
M Sorrell, Infantry Reserve, is assigned
beL headquarters and Headquarters Com
pany of the 160th Infantry Brigade
Second Lieut. Harry T. Hopewell, jr.. In
fantry Reserve, is assigned to the 32oth
infantry.
Evening star., 1933-04-09
Spanish War Veterans
Meetings This Week.
Camps.

Meetings This Week.
Camps.
Tuesday. p.m.-Col. James S.
Petit. 921 Pennsylvania avenue
southeast.
Friday, p.m.-Gen. Nelson A.
Miles, Pythian Temple.
Auxiliaries.
Monday. 8 p.m.-Col. James S.
Petit, Naval Lodge Hall. Fourth
street and Pennsylvania avenue
southeast.
Tuesday, 8 pm.-Henry w.
Lawton, Pythian Temple
Friday. pm.-Gen. Nelson A.
Miles, Pythian Temple
Evening star., 1933-04-09
POET WILL ORGANIZE
II INTERNATIONAL GROUP
Oreon Marie Mckee to Seek Mem
. bers Among Artists. Authors,
Singers and Musicians.

sUnder direction of Oreon Marie Nc
Zee, poet and radio entertainer, plans
are being formulated for an interna-
sttDnal organization of artists, authors,
slnusicians and singers, 1t was an
s1iounced yesterday.
: With a nucleus of about 25 men,
ebers in various sections of the United
.States, the organization is putting on
san intensive membership campaign,
according to Mrs. Mckee, and already
has the support Of various celebrities
The Washington branch of the or
sanitation. to be known as the Seek
eers. will hold monthly meetings at Mrs
McKees studio. 1l0 Maryland avenue
northeast. pending selection of per-
manent club house.
Evening star., 1933-04-09
High Moon HighIights

from the Palais Royal-every week day at
II noon, Station WJSV. Tune in-or come
in and watch real broadcast in the store.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1933-11-02
FOX, CAT AND WEASEL SCALP
ACCOUNT

Harry Arnold, 1 weasel. 800. S so
II. L. Sharpless, wild cat. 80. 200
Noah Sliger, 2 weasels. ...... 100
George Friend, foxes. .... 600
Peter Mckenzie, 1 fox. 200
Harold Groves, IL weasels. -. 600
Carl Sweitzer, 1 weasel. 800. so
Buster Sines, 2 foxes. ..... 400
". Fl. Jacobs, 1 weasel. .. so
fame5 Schaefer, 1 weasel. go. so
*ldeon Ferguson, weasels... 200
carl Sines, weasel. -. =. so
z. c. Hesse, weasel. ...... so
George Legeer, l weasel. .... so
7ussell Bowser, weasel. .... so
) N, Liller, l weasel. ...... so
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-06-07
RAIL GEAR" BILL
PASSED BY HOUSE

WASHINGTON, June 6. The
House today approved the Railroad
Co-ordinator Bill which has the spon-
sorship of Roosevelt. 1t has already
been passed by the Senate, and will
go to Roosevelt for signature.
The Bill provides for the complete
cancellation of the S300,00o,000 debt
which the railroads owe to the gov
eminent under the provision of the
Transportation Act OF 1920.
1t also provides for railroad GEAR"
whose function it will be to reduce
the expenses of the roads by abolish
ing working agreements, assisting in
merging roads, laying off railroad
workers, etc.
1t has been admitted by the authors
of the bill that it will lay off from
100000 to 100000 more railroad work
ers, in addition to the 100000 who
have been laid off since the crisis
began
A report Of the Interstate Com
merce Commission reveals that the
roads who owe the most money
under the transportation Act
are roads within the Morgan group
Some of the roads with large rebts to
the government are owned by the
U. S. Steel Corporation.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-06-07

After a week of the most heroic
struggle ever seen on the Wisconsin
countryside, the farmers were be-
trayed. The farmers who are liy-
ing under intolerable conditions,
especially during the present period
of severe agricultural crisis, went on
strike against the Milk Trusts. The
state government modified all its
forces of oppression-police, deputies,
National Guard--to crush the farm
strike.
Strike Shamelessly Betrayed.
Agents of the trusts, posing as
farmers leaders, succeeded in doing
what 1t was impossible for Governor
Schmedemann's bayonets to do. WAL
ter Singler and other traitors called
off the strike just as 1t was spreading
into other counties, in the same way
that they called of the February
strike when victory was within the
farmers grasp.
The agreement signed by the Pool
state leaders Is shameless surrender.
The farmers did not win their de-
mands. The Pool state leaders feared
the strike was getting away from
them, that the farmers wanted more
militant leadership, that the farm
srs were turning more and more to
the Communist Party. That is why
they grew panicky and signed their
lst Of betrayal