davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1933-02-09

August Lindenberg and son Els
worth, Glenn Virgins, Finest Howe,
Mrs. Ed. Randolph and son, Earl.
Mr.. and Mrs. C. C. Kurtz were call
ed to Sioux City, Iowa Saturday
morning, Mrs. Kurtz's father, Mr..
Wyngen, died that morning.
Mr.. and Mrs. Fox drove to Fair
mont Friday, their daughter, Helen,
who has been there returned with
them.
Wilbur Baker was visitor in the
Twin Cities Thursday and Friday.
Mr.. an d Mrs. Elvin Klatt and
daughter of Blue Earth have been
visiting here with their brother-n-law
and sister, Mr.. and Mrs. Vernill
Addison. They are moving to Dav-
export, Iowa.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1933-02-09
Walnut Grove Resident
Died at Lake Crystal

Walnut Grove, February Mrs.
Sam Virgins, former resident here,
died at Lake Crystal Monday of last
week. She was 81 years old and had
been critically ill for sometime. Her
husband was brother of the late
John Virgins and Lee Virgins. Mr..
and Mrs. Virgins were among the
early settlers of North Hero town.
ship. The funeral was held at Lake
Crystal Friday afternoon and inter-
ment was at Garden City. Those from
here who attended the funeral were
Mr.. and Mrs. William Virgins, Mr..
and Mrs. L. Virgins and family, Mrs.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1933-02-09

Uncle Sam will again talk the war debts.
The result will refute the idea that talk is cheap.
Americanism: Thinking good will for product
is made by longwinded harangues radio listeners
who want entertainment
When politician becomes nuisance in his home
state is possible to get partial relief by sending him
to the United States Senate.
new universal language called "Basic English"
contains only $50 words. Inasmuch as it makes
distinction the of twill" and shal we are for
it.
It seems that when senators call each other names
they only kidding and sergeantsat-arms not to
take them any seriously than the of the
ton.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1933-02-09
should be used. The Cold Spring
quarry at Morton is running full
time at present.

The worlds greatest salt mines
are near Cracow and have been work.
ed for 600 years.
China, according to an estimate
based on coal, oil and water-power
as the three basic elements of wealth,
is potentially the second richest
country in the world.
California has more daily news
papers than any other state in the
Union.
Evening star., 1933-09-17
Serious Di plomatic Crisis Seen
Over German Rearmament Threat

PARIS, France-A serious diplo-
matte crisis over Germany's alleged re-
armament in defiance of the treaties
seems impending That this rearma-
ment is a reality is now generally ad-
mitted.
British newspapers for the last few
weeks have been filled with alleged rev.
elations concerning the expansion Of
the German army and air force, in both
equipment and numbers, far beyond the
limits fixed by the treaty of Versailles.
Infractions Known.
The French have long contended that
these treaty infractions were occurring
and there even has been mild surprise
outside of France that France seemed to
accept the situation with such COM
placency.
The chances are, however, that France
merely has been giving the other pow
and the United States. time to ascertain
the real status of German arms for
themselves and to make up their own
minds as to the possible dangers.
German Chancellor Adolf Hitler's
professions of peace in speeches destined
for foreign ears are interpreted here as
merely camoufage. Germany. the
French think, wants peace only pending
the time necessary for interior reorgani-
zation and rearmament.
The question for the French, there
fore, is whether they should sit by
calmly while Germany strengthens its
ornaments to the danger point, or
whether they should intervene earlier
in some way.
French opinion is getting restive.
Evening star., 1933-09-17
Hitlerism Is Watched
By Swedish Socialists

STOCKHOLM CR.-Rumors that the
German Nazi party is to intervene di-
rectly in settling long-standing dis
pute as to leadership of the Swedish
National-Socialists has again brought
fears to the Socialist press that the
Hitlerites are attempting to spread their
dominion beyond the boundaries OF
their own country.
Since the first of the year, the news
papers point out. the Swedish Nazls
have been pulled here and there by the
efforts of three men, DR.. Birger Furu-
gard, Sven Lindholm. and Matte Velin,
to gain complete command.
Lindholm, it is now rumored, Will
soon receive official recognition from
Berlin. This, to the newspaper Social
Demokraten, is not at all impossible or
improbable. 1t points out that Swedish
conservative newspapers themselves are
responsible for the story that the Berlin
Hitlerites, encouraged by Swedish Nazis
in Berlin, are planning to smooth out
the differences in the party in Sweden.
Evening star., 1933-09-17
BY JAMES T. SHOTWELL,

Professor of History. Columbia University
TT surely requires no great insight tc
see that the present domestic poll
cies of the United States-all those
1 which group themselves around the
N. r. A.-Will inevitably raise once
more the question Of tariffs and othel
methods which have grown up to sup
plement tariffs in the protection OF IN
dustry: Quotas, embargoes and the IKE
For the present our preoccupatlon VIII
our own affairs at home is so intense
that the other question Of the position
in which we will find ourselves with
reference to the world outside seems
almost unreal But the penalty we have
to pay for attempting any major change
in the direction of our ecoonmic LIE Is
that we must lcok ahead to calculate
as far as possible the ultimate conse-
quences as we'll as reach out toward the
immediate goal.
Ultimate Consequences.
Now, the ultimate consequences o1
the success of the N. r. A., which is the
only alternative that propose to dis
cuss, will be the creation of a condition
of affairs in the United States which
will change our relationship to the
commerce of the world. If, for ex-
ample. prices are advanced with a
rapidity and to an extent which other
countries do not follow, will not their
goods be shipped into the United States
in increasing amounts to make the
profit which the situation offers?
This movement of foreign trade. even
if it were a wholly natural function OF
private business without any political
implications, would almost certainly
fN~
measures now in force for the protec-
ton of American industry. So strongly
has this argument been advanced by
some economists that they regard the
N. R. A. as inconsistent with the effort
which the administration made at the
London Conference to link the eco
nomic recovery of the United States
with that of the rest of the world by
policies of tariff reduction.
The purpose Of this article is to point
out that the apparent contradiction be-
tween the two policies of the admins
tration does not necessarily hold, and
to suggest that way may be found for
harmonizing the two by bringing into
the theory and practice of tariff making
one of the fundamental principles OF
the N. R. A. ITSELF namely, that wages
and conditions of labor are an essential
element in the recovery of business. 1t
is not necessary to argue here as to the
wisdom of the measures actually taken;
all that concerns us in the present
statement is that the N r. A. would be
a political as well as an economic i'm
possibility unless the conditions of
labor were taken into account.
When a great democracy undertakes
the management of business it cannot
act simply as banker extending credits
to the enterprises of capital; it cannot
confine it's interest to those who make
profits from the re-established divi-
dends 1t must see to it as well that
the workers are not exploited to insure
those profits, for otherwise it would be
open to the charge of class legislation.
Fortunately, however, this political
Evening star., 1933-09-17

Deputy Georges Mandel recently sent
Premier Edouard Daladier this letter:
II have the honor to inform you that
as soon as the Chamber of Deputies re-
convenes intend to ask the govern
ment formally what its ideas are re-
garding disarmament and what 1t in
tends to do about the ever-increasing
peril due to German rearmament."
Action Declared Necessary.
There is the strongest reluctance in
government circles, however, to acting
alone. The time has come, France
thinks, to do something, but it wants to
act in full agreement with Great Brit
ain and also. if possible, with Italy and
the United States.
Indications are that the issue will be
brought strongly forward in the in
formal British-French-A American dis
armament talks now scheduled to be
held in Paris on September 18. The
first official step, if taken at all, doubt
less will be at Geneva, Switzerland,
either at the League of Nations Coun-
Gil or its Assembly at the end of this
month, or at the resumption of the Dis
armament Conference in October.
Copyright. 1933.)
Evening star., 1933-09-17

TOXIC, Misunderstanding the game
on this world board Japan's best move
as soon as Manchukuo is sufficiently
housebroken to be left without guard
seems to be south into China or nortn
into Siberia.
The first has been comparatively
easv and safe line. A Chinese Tor
10 cents day will work for any mas
ter and. once a few disturberS are dis
posed CT, the country will be quiet.
Japan is keyed up to either, but TAX
ing more of China, an acquired habit,
seems more popular. Even business IN
terests see it that way, one of the lat
ter announcing: 1T is advisable that
the whole of China be Joined to Japan
by force or by persuasion, it does not
matter which.
The alternative move is risk, but
Japan is a gambler, and if it wins the
step forward is long one. Siberia IS
rich in the natural resources which
Japan needs for its great program. but
it is a cold lonesome country, which
the Japanese do not like.
Also Russians will fight, and even II
defeated in battle. as Russians usually
are when they fight alone, it is dlfh-
cult to convince Russian that ne Is
whipped. They might be SO annoying
long Japan might have to leave Sibe-
ria in sheer disgust.
Either move would be merely pre-
liminary to bigger and better wars. AS
more territory is added to the empire,
it will have more natural resources,
more trade, more revenue and more
money to spend on its peerless 60
getters. the army and navy. With the
acquisition of Manchuria, enough cot
ton is to be grown there and in Korea
to free Japan from the need OF buy
ing from the United States, another
step toward economic independence
Like other countries. Japan believes in
political nationalism and commercial
internetionalism.
Preparedness for the coming war With
the United States has been dinned into
the ears of patriotic japanese Tor SO
long that the idea now dlsturbs them
little more than does passing street
car.
Though its militants are champing
TO fight anybody, any time. most Japa-
nese. from the few Americans they
have met, would rather be friends with
them than fight.
Japan has an old superstition against
advancing eastward into battle. Their
heaven-sent emblem, the rising sun. IS
q victorious omen behind them, not
leading them forward as other people
prefer theirs. But. if necessary, Japan
will not hesitate to steam eastward to
fight.
A year ago talk in japan was when
and how it would whip the Soviet
Union. Then, with apologies to the
United States for few weeks neg
lect. the swivel-chair strategists DEM
onstrated how Japan would whip both
tho Soviet Union and the United States.
The country was grim but confident.
Why the United States and the
eoviet Union would be allies was not
sxplained. but the latter soon was
Evening star., 1933-09-17
Gen. Bowley Says Army
Will Not Rule Hawaii

HONOLULU, Hawaii. Emphatic de-
NAL that the United States Army has
any intention, plan or expectation of
ruling Hawaii was made by Maj. Gen.
Albert j. Bowley. commanding officer
at Schofield Barracks. in an address at
the American Legion's territorial con-
venticn at Waluku, Maui. The refer
ence was made, it is assumed, because
of suggestions during recent years of
a military or naval commission to
govern Hawaii and also because L. L.
McCandless, Hawaii's delegate in Con-
gress, had said that there had been
some advocacy of military government
for Hawaii Gen Bowley said that in
time of war the Army would naturally
assume control of the government of
the islands, but as soon as danger OF
invasion ceased the Army would turn
the government back into civilian
hands.
(Copyright, 1889 ~
Evening star., 1933-09-17
n. r. A. and Tariff Problem


the fundamental laws of economics or
merely an interference with them.
The answer to this question, or at
least an answer, can be found in the
general outlines of economic history
during the nineteenth and twentieth
centuries, without engaging in technical
discussions as to details. In this period
the science of economics has lived
through two great eraS, that of 'laissez
faire.' or non interference of Govern
ment in business-the era of private en-
terprise and competition-and that OF
growing State action, reforming. radical
or Socialist, which characteriZes the
economic world today in most Western
countries.
"Laissez faire" has broken down. so
far as factory labor is concerned, every
where throughout the world in propor-
ton as nations have been Industrial
ized. The moral and social advantages
OF laws prescribing the conditions OF
labor are not more obvious than the
economic advantage which lies in the
broadening of the basis of consumption
through the characterization of wealth.
sertion it could be found on almost
every hand in the conditions prevailing
under the present economic crisis,
which is primarily due to breakdown of
the consumption market and not at all
due to any weakness in the capacity for
production. The horizontal broadening
of the buying power Of a nation has
much greater capacity for development
than the vertical extension of buying
power in the more narrowly limited
capitalistic section of the community.
Outstanding Development.
In taking as our point Of departure
for tariff making this trend toward
safeguarding the interests of the work.
ers of a nation by social legislation we
therefore seize upon one of the most
outstanding developments of modern
economic history, one which has be-
hind it not only the pressure of pres
ent needs but also the assurance of
consistent future policies. If it be
claimed that this is an argument drawn
from European rather than American
experience, that it accentuates the pa
ternalism of government, which we
have always sought to avoid, the an
swer is that while our National Gov
ernment has been, for historical and
constitutional reasons, limited in the
sphere of social legislation, the people
of the United States have. through
State action. registered the same ten
dencies as in the rest of the civilized
world
In proportion as communities have
advanced in the conditions of daily liv-
ing they have taken steps against the
exploitation of labor It is sign man.
ual of progress throughout the civilized
world, and not less so in the case of
our own industrial history. Now, as a
result Of the economic crisis, the Ma
ton, as it has developed the sense of its
community of interests, is intrusting
more and more to its national authori-
ties the safeguarding of social condi
tions which it formerly left SO largely
to the localities concerned
There is another aspect Of this ques-
tion upon which American history
Continued on Fourth Page.)
Evening star., 1933-09-17

concern of the State-in-busineSS fits IN
as well with an economic theory which
is as distinctly American as anything
else in our national history; the theory
that the fundamental basis of prosper
ity lies in the increased buying power
of those who live in the lower ranges
of economic opportunity. We are re-
parded by other nations as the out
standing example of a people which
bases its prosperity upon the increased
standard of living in that section OF the
community which not only has the larg-
est aggregate buying power, but has the
greatest need for the staple commodi-
ties of life.
Again, it is unnecessary to argue
whether our past policies have lived up
to this theory. All that we need to
keep in mind is that the argument
based upon this theory has seldom failed
to determine our tariff policies in the
past. One has only to compare the po-
ltical appeal of slogan like the full
dinner pair" with one imagined but
never heard, "the full dividend on
stocks and bonds" to see where the real
political forces lie in the State manage
ment of business.
Now, is it not possible to introduce
into the making of tariff, regulating
trade with other nations, the same kind
of preoccupation with labor that has
been legitimately kept to the fore in the
effort to raise prices at home? If SO,
it may be found that we are not headed
toward that contradiction between the
N. R. A. and policy that looks toward
lowered tariffs. In any case, the pro-
posal is offered for what it is worth, that
labor conditions should be made one of
the basic factors in tariff bargaining;
that products made under specified la
Dor onditions-internationally agreed
upon-should be given preferential
treatment, while articles made under
oppressive or exploitative conditions
should be subjected to higher duties
and impositions.
Putting 1t differently, the countries
might agree 70 have reciprocal tariff
rates-lower than the general rates
Evening star., 1933-09-17

children attended school last year on a
part-time basis; an additional 100000
were housed in temporary buildings.
Numerous districts which were able
to struggle through last year are so
much in debt for the money with which
they operated that they cannot obtain
any more In hundreds of localities the
tax situation remains chaotic. and the
schools are thus finding themselves
without funds While public school en-
rollments have increased at faster
than normal rate during the last three
wears, additional school buildings to
Evening star., 1933-09-17
Siberia or More of China Seen Coal
OF Militaristic Factions of Japan

dropped and the United States alone
remained, like the bread, a standing
order on Japan's militaristic menu.
The professional talk of soldiers and
the cheers of the populace are echoed
by big business. which in other coun-
tries objects to Summer training camps
or college campus parade
Today Japan's war machine may be
feared only in China. but the rest of
the world soon may realize why it is
being groomed. Those to whom
strength is given shall rule" is the
code of the Orient. Japan keeps the
faith.
Evening star., 1933-09-17

on goods made under favorable labor
conditions. This would mean that In
proportion as an industry or group
of industries raised real wages-that is,
wages calculated on their buying power
or reduced hours of bettered work
ing conditions, the products OF these
industries should receive preferential
treatment in the markets OF the world.
On the other hand, industries which
continued to rest on the exploitation OF
labor or sweated wages and excessive
hours would be pentliZed In the world
market. Such a doctrine OF reducing
tariff rates by improving the standard
of living carries a step farther the
basic idea of the International Labor
Organization and would tend to el1ml-
nate labor as an element OF interna-
tional competition.
The bearing of this proposal upon
the present crisis is surely obvious to
those who have watched the trend OF
recent tariff legislation in most Of the
producing countries of the world,
trend toward excessive tariff protection,
likely to be accentuated and increased
as a result of the failure of the London
Conference to deal with these matters.
But an emergency measure would leave
a sad heritage if it were not based on
principles which would permit further
application and development. for it
would create conditions causing in turn
further maladjustment when the time
came to correct them by return to
normal methods based on sound eco
nomic principles.
Surely, to cure the depression solely
by cutting down the production of food.
clothing and other necessities IS not a
sound policy for anything but the hoHr
of crisis. We need to build construc-
lively if the future is to be safeguarded,
to discover a line of policy which need
not be retraced when conditions be-
come normal again. The question there
fore arises whether this proposition,
which puts premium upon the raising
of standards of living of the working
classes by the protection afforded them
in labor legislation, is consonant with
Evening star., 1933-09-17

take care of that enrolment have not
been built. Needed equipment is not
being bought. additional teachers are
not being hired. In short, the schools
have suffered from the depression to
degree entirely incompatible with their
Importance to the country. and it seems
certain that unless substantial aid Is
Forthcoming the school term will be
shortened for more children this year
than last. that curtailments throughout
the school systems will be even more
severe.
The importance OF keeping all chill
Evening star., 1933-09-17
Radio Pains.

From the Omaha World-Herald.
Radio waves pain Tacoma man unless
he grounds" himself, says a dispatch
from Washington City. The radio waves
pain a good many more of U.S. with or
without the ground.
Evening star., 1933-09-17
BY CHARL ORMOND WILLIAMS,
Former president. National Education
Association.


Though better times seem to be here
for most businesses. the public schools
remain in a critical condition. More
than 2,2OO schools, which were attended
by about 100000 American boys and
girls. were forced to close before the end
of last March. and without any other
provision having been made for the
education of those children. Many OF
those same schools cannot be open this
Fall. Two hundred and fifty thousand
Evening star., 1933-09-17

dren in school this year is recognized
by others than educators. Clarence
Darrow, one Of the foremost criminal
lawyers in the country. recently said
that empty schools today are making
for full jails in the future. He pointed
out that children are bound to learn.
whether We give them schools or streets
to learn in. They are gregarious crea-
lures, he said; they go with the herd.
And if they are denied membership in
the herd led by a competent teacher
IGa.4i.,,al a,, I,o,,rth Dana
Evening star., 1933-09-17

Continued on Fourth Page.)
Evening star., 1933-09-17

ARIS.-With the reopening of
u the Autumn diplomatic season
in Geneva and the world capi-
i tails, foreign chancellories are
Evening star., 1933-10-25
Voigt to Play in Tournament
OF Ex.Caddies on November )

citation, men who have made theil
mark in local and sectional golf will
be there, among them Voigt, Pitt, r
Cliff McKimmie. John r. Miller. Mel
Shipley and many others. The net
prize has been won for the past two
years by Harvey Shipley. In one OF
the Brightwood Journeys, held several
years ago at Indian Spring, Voigt tied
the amateur course record with a mai
Of ST.
4 DDITIONAL entries for the Ma
N tional Capital open, to be played
at Kenwood on November II aid
IL. include those of Paul Runyan. New
Jerseys mighty mite: John Farrell ma
tional open champion of 1898. and Fred
Moore of the Dunwoodie Club of New
York, Craig Wood, Horton Smith,
Gene Sarazen, Tommy Armour and
many other nationally known profess
sionalS already have entered the
tourney.
Al Houghton. the Kenwood pro. is in
charge of the entries, and expects be-
tween l25 and $50 of the Nation 5
leading professional golfers to be on
hand when the first player wallops his
morning of November IL.
The tourney won last year by
Horton Smith with a card of PIG, six
strokes above par Runyan, who Was
second biggest money winner of the
Winter season of l932-l933. won an
open tourney in Massachusetts, last
week