davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1933-04-23
Majority of Cardinals
Again Are Italians

ROME, Italy.-The temporary numer-
ical superiority Of non-Italians over
Italians in the college of cardinals of
the Catholic Church has now been re-
versed with the elevation to the purple
OF six new cardinals. There are now 80
italian and 28 non-Italian cardinals.
Until the recent death of Andrea
Cardinal Fruhwirth, an Austrian, the
college was composed of So cardinals, of
whom 27 were non-Italians and 26
Italians. For the short period which
elapsed between the death of Cardinal
Fruhwirth and the naming Of six new
cardinals the college was exactly divided
on national lines, with 26 Italians and
26 non Italians
OF the italian cardinals six are
French, four American, four German,
three Spanish. two Poles and one OF
each Of the following: English, Aus
trian, Canadian, Brazilian, Belgian,
Hungarian, Irish, Portuguese and
Czechoslovak.
Pope Plus XI has named 81 Of the
total membership Of So. Fourteen were
chosen by Benedict XIV, seven by Plus
x and one bysleo XIII.
DOWNRIGHT. isssx l4---.-
Evening star., 1933-04-23

exodus of their countrymen from Man.
churia, following the Japanese invasion
in September. 1881, at about 5000. 600.
many Of whom returned to China
proper with few possessions and no
cash.
More recently, the vigorously con-
Quoted warfare in the Provinces of
\" 'nngsi. where the Marking
troops have been attempting to eradi-
cate Chinese Reds" from stanchly held
cities, has so far succeeded in DESTROYING
thousands of homes, practically demol-
ishing all villages and towns in q wide
area adjacent to the Yangtze River and
sending ION the road" an estimated
refugee population Of some 1000
Chinese.
Hurther, in Szechuen the Messrs. Lieu,
an uncle and nephew, who as rival
generals have been engaging in disas-
trous warfare for mastery of that
province, have driven thousands more
from the rural and urban districts to
seek refuge in comparatively more
peaceful regions. The war last Autumn
in Shantung dispossessed many others,
while famine conditions in parts Of the
northwest are driving hordes more on
the search for food and whatever shelter
from death Is oEl*inable.
(oopyrjGxA 1933J
Evening star., 1933-04-23
What Brings Change?
BY BRUCE BARTON.

ONa. dark day last Winter received letter to this
| what assurance is there that we shall not go
~ steadily from bad to worse? I have kept up my
courage far admit that am beginning to weaken
see anything on the horizon that is likely to 0r'ns
My answer to this question is based not prophecy
but on history The things which bring about important
and Become apparent only in the light Of later
For example, the nomination Of Abraham Lincoln for
the presidency most important occurrence In our MS
In the Autumn 1859 Robert Lincoln eldest son OF
Lincoln attorney of Springfield H. went East TO
enter a pe Gos was m a Of subjects on Which
he was examined he failed in Is.
His parents decided that instead OF returning to SPRING
field the young man should take year in Philips Exeter
Academy his seemed to be reasonably satlsfac-
tory but the father fearful that the boy might fail again.
thought wise visit him and check on his progress
visit to arrange for some lectures One OF
delivered in Cooper Union and New
Greeley editor of the powerful Tribune startngy
conception Of the ability and grasp OF the TALL lean lawyer
from illinois.
Robert Lincoln used to say humorously in later years
that was responsible his fathers election to the
presidency If had not failed in subjects my
father would not have East to # he had not
come East he would never have been dominated"
Wednesday May 1s, 1860, the nomination Of willard H
Thursday afternoon the Seward managers had
Seward would have won But the st vote was not taken
arrive with the ballots time convention adjourned
until Friday morning During the night the Lincoln forces
and the Cameron forces came to an agreement Lincoln
Human history is not logical inevitable development
in which the always equal to the result History
illogical, terky, full OF surprises
but have idea that future historians looking
back will discover that the beginning the changes
something small probably something that has occurred
lsssJ
Evening star., 1933-04-23
Thousands Homeless Through War
j.. And Floods New Menace in China

Observation-Disclosures of thousands
of migrants recently looSed upon this
country as a result of the Yangtze
River floods, civil wars, the Shanghai
conflict and the japanese invasion of
Manchuria now constitute new prob
lem for the few forces of social and
political order here.
A "vagabond Chinese" in the sense
that the term Is understood in the West.
has in. the past been scarcely known,
but the heaped-up disasters of late
months have now created q floating
and wandering population in China
which might be compared to the free
companions of the road" familiar to
American freight train operatives.
The catastrophe Yangtze floods OF
1912 affected perhaps 25,000,0 600
people and made destitute at least
100000. Many of these have now
been restored on their land, but thou
sands lost everything and because OF
heavy debts accumulated during their
trials cannot return, for their farms
have been sacrificed to meet creditors
demands. .,
Other thousands of refugees were
created by the Shanghai war, which de-
stroyed the most populous district OF
China's great metropolis and made
homeless perhaps fourth of the native
population. Chinese estimates place the
Evening star., 1933-04-23

say that she did as much as the genial
James Farley. Nor do I say SO. But
mention in the newspaper guessing
game might have been expected. Mr..
Farley had 1t over her, even at that
he was never a guess but the only
appointment certain from the start.
Perhaps Miss Dewson was not on the
lists of these cabinet prognosticators
because they never got her placed. AS
a matter of fact, myself do not know
where to place Mary Dewson. She Ger
tainly Is not politician. She has
never been elected to anything. even to
the leadership of a precinct. She Is
social service worker. For many years
she was in charge Of Juvenile Court
work in Massachusetts,, and for several
years past has been secretary OF the
Consumers League. She was interested
in the election Of Roosevelt not because
he was a Democrat, but because she
believed his election would promote bet
ter standards of labor. She would not.
believe, work for any man just because
he was the nominee Of party, or Tor
a party, regardless Of whom 1t nomi-
mated Funny, when you stop to think
about it, that the management OF The
women's end of a campaign run by
Tammany- trained man should have
been in charge Of a woman who Is in
politics to forward social work, woman
who is in no sense professional Demo-
crat, and has never worked her way
up from the ranks.
Yet this non-political Mary Dewson
is the woman who today is, politically,
the closest to James Farley-the most
important woman, from the standpoint
of practical politics, in America! Some
xr-x~. - ~ hyy
women desiring office who came into
politics by the route women were told
they must take-the strict partisan
route, the never -scratch-your ticket
route, the precinct ward and county
chairmanship route! Can it be that
they have been led astray? Is it pos
sible that leadership in politics is not.
after all, to be won this way?
Brought Training to Job.
OF course, not every woman who
tried Miss Dewson's route might be as
successful as she, for she brought train
ing to her job, a training gained
through years spent in intensive, nom
political organization work. But isn't
this the whole point-she did have ex-
perience and training to bring to poll
tics. We have been told, we women,
that we must 60 into politics and learn
by experience. But I, for one, begin to
wonder what politics has to teach
women. Would it not be better If
women had some experience to bring
to politics?
Women have also been told to go in
to politics at the bottom and work their
way up and, some fine day they would
receive, as result of their apprentice
ship, political recognition" polite
term for paying job. And yet one
wonders just how politics fits woman
for this job. Carrying a county does
not fit man to serve on public serv-
ice commission; carrying a State. or
even a nation does not fit him to sit
in the cabinet. Nor do they fit q
woman.
However much politics may make a
man or woman deserve an appoint
ment, it takes something more than
deserts" to fill it. It takes training
for the particular post.
But how, then" these women ir
Evening star., 1933-04-23

politics may exclaim, "are women to
receive political appointments"
The appointment of Frances Perkins
points the way to the answer. Note,
first, that never in her life has Frances
Perkins made business of politics.
Nor did she ever enter politics to land
her some place in the sun. Year ago
she took up vocation-social service
work. And ever since it has had first
claim on her time and thought. Spe-
cializing, however, on labor problems,
she soon had q very definite interest
in the men who made the labor laws,
appointed labor boards. Thus she be-
came interested in politics. But not,
however, as a politician. She never
became a precinct leader. or even. I
understand, a delegate to a convention.
She kept busy at her own work. When
men ran for Office, however, who ia
vored policies she believed in she was
willing to campaign for them.
Superbly Fitted for Work.
Thus she campaigned for Smith and
won eminence in her chosen profession
her support was valuable; and because
her support was valuable she was, ac-
cording to political ethics. eligible to
political appointment. But eligibility
was not all she had. Because of her
work in her profession she had become
an authority on labor problems, unem-
ployment, industrial standards. These
are matters that engage the attention of
the Department of Labor. She was,
therefore, superbly fitted to become the
head of this department. 1t was the
combination of eligibility. due to po-
litical activities and equipment for
specific post, due to professional ex-
perience, that made Frances Perkins
the first women in the cabinet.
She came into it, in fact. just as
most men come into it. They have
profession, job, business. They are
| lawyers, manufacturers, bankers. editors.
Politics with them is something they
take up on the side, because it amuses
them or because it affects their busi-
ness or furthers them in their profess
sion. 1t is not. as with so many wom-
en- who go into politics, a vocation, but
an avocation. It maye be-and fire.
quently is-their activity in partisan
politics that makes them eligible for
appointment, but it is their activity in
their vocation that makes them avail
able
Even for men like Cordell Hull or
Claude Swanson, who have spent their
lives in public Office. this is true. They
may have used politics to attain the
office, but, once in, they have special
lied on the business of government.
They have not expected their political
services alone to fit them for high
places.
OF course, there are exceptions to
exceptions of which we have his
toric examples. But such exceptions
will not, as have pointed out, be made
for women.
1t is enlightening, too, that the first
woman in the cabinet should have
come into it by the way of social well
fare work. 1t was, indeed, to have
been expected In the first place, it is
men who make these political appoint
ments. And women's activities in this
field do not offend their prejudices as
to the proper sphere of women. Rather
are they regarded as merely an ex-
tension of womens traditional job of
Evening star., 1933-04-23
Italy Is Occupying Middle Position
Between French and German Factions

may be better or worse, but 1t Is hard
to see how they can be good so long
as France Is an ally of Yugoslavia
and Fascist journals discuss the rever-
sion of French North Africa and Tunis
in particular to their ancient Roman
status. There are French statesmen
BRAND was one of them-who believe
the best thing for France to do Is
to assent to the Anschiuss and let
Germany take Vienna. Then face to
face with a German threat, Italy will
have to make terms with France.
So far, however, that risk has seemed
Poland and the Little Entente, she can
hope for no understanding with either
Germany or Italy. And each Of these
states will try to exploit the French
difficulties with the other to its own
advantage. What is, however, exces-
sively dangerous Is the fact that In
eSsaying to play a role, both Hitler and
Mussolini run the risk of provoking
preventive action by Poland or Yugo-
slavia.
Nothing, for Nothing"
Thus always the key to Italian pol
icy must be sought in the determine
ton, within limits which preclude
actual warfare. to profit by each situa-
tion, either by obtaining some addi-
tional prestige or some territorial gain.
Nothing for nothing" was the orig-
nal Mussolini motto. Now it is some-
thing for Italy in every European cri-
sis. And one advantage Italy certainty
possesses is that her policy Is in tho
hands Of q man who knows what he
wants, has q cool head, clear vision
and complete freedom from domestic
opposition.
It must, however, be clearly per-
ceived that Mussolinis policy Is not
and will not be constructive. Were
Europe to settle down in its present
state, Italy would be relegated to tho
rank Of a second -class nation. In tie
same fashion If Hitler comes to
Vienna, the substitution Of a German
Central Europe for q French would be
a disaster for Italy BIZ: e. as,t Of AL
the postwar chaos, Italy does not win
e3a.e great prize, colonial necessarily,
the ambitions of Mussolini and Fas-
cism 1ncarnate will come to nothing.
So, unlike President Roosevelt, Signor
Mussolini is working not for q new
DEAL" but for q steady succession Of
deals with an equally constant sue
cess Of Italy In pulling down the jack
pots" ~ =
tcopyrisht. 1sssJ =.
Evening star., 1933-04-23
Continued From First Page.)

CONTINUED From First Page)
must face the double problem of ex-
plotting the present Hitler upheaval to
break down the French coalition and
at all times of preventing Germany
from becoming too strong. 1t would be
supreme disaster for him If he de-
stroyed the French coalition in the
Danubian area only to prepare the way
for a German Mitteleuropa. And since
the danger is very real, one may look
to see sudden shifts in the Duce's pol
icy. For his policy is neither pro-Ger-
man nor anti-French but purely and
simply Italian, realistically Italian.
Again Mussolini desires peace He
has solidly established his rule in Italy.
No domestic. opposition remains and no
present danger is diScoverable of any
challenge at home. Only q war whicn
was either unsuccessful or too pro-
tracted like the World War might pre-
cipitate a fall of the Fascist regime
Therefore, while Mussolini will play a
game which in the nature of things
involves risks, he can be counted upon
in the case Of q crisis to exert his in
fuence to avert actual hostilitieS any
where. And that means that at a GER
tain point Rome and London will stand
together.
Mussolinis danger, Of course, comes
from the fact that Italian policy frank
ly seeks the eventual destruction of
Yugoslavia either by foreign war or
by a process of promoting the internal
dissensions between the Serbs, the
Croats and the Bulgarian minorities.
Ten years of peace to complete the con-
solidstion Of Italy, but 10 years during
which the present internal difnculties
in Yugoslavia shall endure and even
develop-that IS the italian conception.
Incident May Cause Break.
But always the Serbs may get tired
Of this. They may decide that the
best way to promote domestic unity IS
foreign war-and the Croats hate the
Italians as violently as do the Serbs.
Then Rome may be put face to face
with some incident like Serajevo-too
important to be ignored. The question
Of prestige could thus be raised and
the Duce would be forced to 60 to
war at q time which would be pre-
mature. It Is the danger Of an in
cident anywhere from Trana to the
hinterland of Trieste which has to be
faced there.
A. to Franco Italian relations, they.
The Washington times., 1933-06-08

Mothers that in accordance with the Bible bring children
into the world with suffering and will be interested
in the mother opossum.
its young born the process of birth trouble
The young tiny that dozens could be put teaspoon
As they born they crawl up the mothers body
into little pouch sort Of open the front of the
mothers body There they live and absorb nourshment until
they bigger,
When first born you would hardly see them crawling up
the mothers fur
As they grow the young opossus abandon the mother
pouch and travel around their mothers back She curS
her hairless tail her body and they fasten their little
tails to her tall thus balancing themselves she travels
through the shows her young how easy it is to
steal q chicken from farmers yard.
Here you the young opossums almost full grown nearly
ss big as their mother but they still cling to her.
The story Of the young opossum at birth might almost make
The human mother wish that she had been created "a
Jmarsupial''
But that would not have been necessary An more
extraordinary Of Natures kindness to motherhood shat
Of the giant grizzly bear and others of her species
grizzly mother weighing thousand pounds and more
has baby weighing perhaps three four ounces is born
while she is sound asleep during the hibernatng sea-
She doen know when it is born. It finds its way
from the dining compartment Of the mother and
grows in the dark while the mother sleeps When ice
and gone mother and child walk out from the
into which the mother had gone for her winter Sleep Then
the cub is big enough to enjoy life and fresh air.
Perhaps the learned English biologist Hadane predicts,
science will time enable human mothers to go through
childbirth without suffering Haldanes prophecy which
sense will hardly accept forsees time when the child
will leave the mother when only few inches in sz and pro-
oed with the rest Of its development scientifically fed apart
from the body of the mother.
That prospect for not pleasing There is
greater service of motherhood than tender Of the
child unborn and greater happiness for the good
than the sacrifice that such involves Science will do
enough it. without danger to the mother it prevents all pain
at the time Of BIRTH Recent experiments show that such
achievement is not far distant.
The Washington times., 1933-06-08
The Grip of the Oligarchy
On Hawaiian Islands
Blu James T. Williams, T.-

American history repeats
itself in the defiance Of the
President of the United States
by the Honolulu oligarchy
which rules and exploits the
Territory Of Hawaii as a COM
mercial enterprise.
This ongarchy is opposing
President Roosevelt'S request
for authority to select for the
post of governor of Hawaii the
best-qualified American he can
find, regardless Of whether he
resides in continental United
States or in the Hawaiian
Islands.
The Presidents reasons for
making this request were given
in a special message to Con-
gress, in which he said:
"It is particularly necessary
to select for the post Of gov
ernOr Of Hawaii a man Of ex-
pCEACuCC anu NASAUAAO WIN WAN W.
regarded by all citizens Of the
islands as one who will be abSO-
lutely impartial In his decisions.
In making my choice l
should like to be free to pick,
either from the islands them
selves or from the entire United
States, the best man for this
post"
This freedom is denied to the
President under existing law.
During the Harding administra-
tion, the Honolulu oligarchy in
duced Congress to write into
the law an amendment, which
stipulates that no American can
be appointed governor of Ha-
waii unless he has resided in
that territory for three years
prior to his nomination.
The Washington times., 1933-06-08

it to her, just to preserve the
peace. When a man wants
anything he simply reaches out
and takes it-and then defies
anybody to take it away from
him.
Yet, in the long run, men are
the timid sex. For, while
women have been battling for
votes, Jobs, hair-cuts, pajamas,
cigarettes and now pants and
pipes-all once mans privi-
leges"-man has never once at
tempted to help himself to any
Of woman'S special privileges.
Yet, there are lots Of femi-
nine indulgences which most
men would enjoy if they had
the courage to take them.
If a woman can parade the
beach in masculine trousers
why can't a man loll on the
sands in his cerise lounging pa
jamas Or play golf in a dainty.
sleeveless, dimity robe? Or why
can't he keep cool on hot eve
ming in a backlesS, collarless,
coatless costume at the country
club dances?
# a modern woman can use
strong language occasionally,
why can't a man howl when
he's hurt or weep on a girls
shoulder when he's feeling
sorry for himself? There are
lots of times when a man, like
a woman, feels that nothing
but a good loud bawl would re-
The Washington times., 1933-06-08
Mutiny On the Bounty

But the limit Of human en-
durance was finally reached.
One man, Master Mate and
Acting Lieut.. Fletcher Christian,
a fine young officer with a re-
hgiouS upbringing, preferred
death to the brutality and
cruelty under which the ships
company was daily cursed.
Quietly Fletcher Christian went
among the men, organizing mu-
tiny-the first and perhaps the
only time that q British naval
officer ever did the like. The
Seamen loved him; knew him
for q man of heart and sense.
They listened, nodded and
waited, cloSe-mouthed, for the
signal to rebel.
Like a flash Of lightning,
when all was ready, Fletcher
Christian gave a signal on April
90, 1889. The raging, cursing
Bligh and 10 Of his officers and
men who refused to join the
mutiny we're seized and bound.
In the red rage Of the mems an
ger they would have been pis-
tolled if Fletcher Christian had
not stepped forward to save
their lives. They were set adrift
in a small boat with provisions,
and eventually reached land.
From that day, for IS years
the mutineers were lost to the
world. 1t was supposed that
they had perished. And then
one day a Yankee wnaler
chanced upon Pitcairn Island to
find a little colony-some 40
children of the bounty mutineers
and the PolyneSian mothers Of
the children. But of the
bounty mutineers only one was
left alive.
Forty years later the British
government moved the growing
colony to Norfolk Island, and
still later part Of the colony
moved back to the original P1H
cairn. So there they are today
these waits of destiny, half Eng
lish, half PolyneSian; happy IN
a world Of gloom; human relics
of one of the most dramatic
tales the old ocean ever wrote
upon its tumbling waves.
Copyright, 1898, King Features
syndicate. InO.l -
The Washington times., 1933-06-08
Congratulations
The High School Cadets

The city extends its heares congratulations Company
H. Of Western High School, for its victory in the annual
petitive drill of the Washington High School Cadet Corps
Capt Philip Lauman and the young Of his command
have won distinction which will remain with them all
their lives.
They have crowned years of hard work with laurel
victory.
But in this instance the honor only to the victor
The 20 other companies which competed in drill are
ali deserving Of praise.
Praise for their efforts the earnestness with which
they have drilled and worked throughout the school year.
The small margin by which Company carried off the
flag is indicative Of the general excellence of the corps
This is excellence which maintained year in and year
cut with constantly changing personnel It is excellence
Of which the city boasts whenever cadet corps mentioned
Again. congratulations to Captain Lauman, Company
and the entire cadet unit.