davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1933-10-05

for co-operatives will advise farmers
how to organize these marketing asSo-
Citations and to assist In directing the
orderly conduct Of their business. Its
experts are prepared to tell whether
such q project is feasible or visionary
and to explain what volume Of receipts
and what other conditions are necessary
to give reasonable assurance Of success
ful operation.
There Is a central bank for CO.
operatives in Washington, also part OF
the Farm Credit Administration, which
makes loans to the larger co-operatives
which do business in q number OF
States or on o nationwide scale.
Partners With Government.
The co-operatives themselves will be
partners with the Government in the
ownership Of these banks for cooper
atives. Like the individual farmers in
the farm loan associations and the
credit associations, they will take stock
to the amount of per cent Of their
loans. They may now obtain merchan-
dising or operating capital loans at 4
per cent interest and loans for financing
their warehouses and other facilities at
~ per cent. Through the central bank
for co-operatives, debentures secured by
loans to farm marketing organizations
will be offered for public sale.
Farmer Hagen and his neighbors may
thus become participants and partners
in as many as four different credit
enterprises directed by the Govern
ment for the purpose of supplying CAPT.
tai at as low rates as possible for farm
Evening star., 1933-10-05

loan would have to be left with the
capital stock, to add to the fund which
protects the association against losses
In view Of the low interest rate and
the other liberal terms and the fact
that this was mutual, non-profit asso-
citation, he agreed that this was a rea-
sonable arrangement. It was explained
to him that the loan funds Of the
land banks are obtained by the sale Of
their bonds and that although the Gov
eminent has guaranteed the interest on
new issue of land bank bonds the
principal must be protected by the
making of only sound loans based on
real values.
New Type Loan Provided.
The second loan for which he applied.
the secretary-treasurer at the county
seat explained. is a new type Of loan
provided in the emergency act. 1t
would be direct loan by the land bank
acting as agent for the Land Bank COM
missioner in Washington. an officer Of
the Farm Credit Administration. 1t
could be secured by second mortgage
on the land and by chattel mortgage
on farm property if there was not sufd-
cient equity in the land. 1t could not
of first and second mortgage must not
be more than three -fourths the value
in normal year of the farm and the
farm property put up as security. The
rate of interest would be S per cent and
since this would be a direct Govern
ment loan. no membership subscription
would be required. Hagen applied for
a loan of this class for $3,500.
The Hagen family then waited hope
fully for news that their applications
had been granted. 1t was rather long
wait and Hagen made several trips to
town to see if he couldn't get some
news of progress. All he could learn
was that the land banks and the farm
loan associations were receiving appll-
cations by the thousands-most of his
neiphborS were also seeking loanS-and
Evening star., 1933-10-05

enterprises. All Of these agencies are
designed to serve the individual farmer
in meeting his business problems. Each
one Of them looks to the investing pub
lie rather than to the Governments
power of taxation as the final source
Of loan funds It offers a service Of
organization, Of supervision and of sub
scription to capital designed to furnish
the greatest possible protection, both to
borrower and to lender. and thus to
open and keep the channels Of credit
for the farmer and his enterprises on
the best possible terms.
It Is plain that all Of the loans,
whether of a few hundred dollars to
buy seed or Of millions to carry on
marketing operations on national
scale, must be made on sound busi-
ness basis. Excessive loans, whether to
bail out creditors who have speculated
unwisely, or to extend individual or CO.
operative operations beyond a safe
point, would work an injustice. both
upon farmer borrowers and upon their
neighbors. The farmer should not be
saddled with more debt than he can
bear, nor should farmers with no pSos-
pect Of successful operation be SUBJ
sidized to continue production for
markets depressed by sqrpluses.
The Farm Credit Administration is
sounder business basis, to assist in
financing it prudently and at low cost.
to free good farmers from the fear of
losing their homes through debt, to
put them in a position where they
will have chance to get out Of debt
and to live comfortably as American
citizens should live.
Evening star., 1933-10-05

crops. live stock and equipment may be-
come members.
Out Of a loan of 81 900 one-twentieth,
or $50, will be held as subscription to
capital, which will earn profits II prof
its are earned or share in losses OF the
association. The association will obtain
cash for the farmers notes by redis-
counting them in the intermediate
credit bank at st. Louis. which Is an
Credit Administration. Oficers Of the
Production Credit Corporation Of st.
Louis will watch the business Of the
credit association closely and help the
farmer officers with frequent advice and
supervision. The farmer will pay an
interest rate Of not more than s per
cent. II the association s well man
aged and the expenses are Kept low
this will be reduced by profits on the
capital.
U. S. Lending to Be Replaced.
Some of Hagen's neighbors have OBJ
tanned loans from the Regional Agricul-
tural Credit Corporation In st. Louis
This was an emergency lending activity
Of the Government now directed also by
the Farm Credit Administration. But
as these loans are paid of they will not
be renewed If a production credit asso-
clation exists or can be organized in the
community This class of credit Is be-
ing put into the farmers hands and his
own associations are to replace direct
Government lending.
The intermediate credit banks, which
furnish the cash for the new production
loans. get their funds from the invest
ing public by the sale of their tax-free
promises to pay called debentures.
They obtain this money at rates rang
ing from ~ to 21s per cent and are
able to lend to credit associations and
other borrowers at rates as low as 8
per cent. Their debentures are regard
ed as highly desirable investments by
bankers and others and sell readily.
Still another form of Government
credit activity is of great interest to
farmers of this Illinois community
Many are members Of cooperative mar
keting organizations through which they
sell their live stock, their eggs, their
grain, their milk. Loans have been
made to many of these organizations in
many parts Of the United States by the
Federal Farm Board. This organization
went out Of existence on May q Of this
year through the terms Of the order Of
President Roosevelt which created the
Farm Credit Administration. But the
loan activities are being continued un-
der a plan which puts them in much
closer contact with the farmer in his
own community.
A fourth branch of the Farm Credit
Administration recently established in
st. Louis and in process Of establish
ment In other land bank cities Is the
regional bank for co-operatives. nli-
nois, Missouri and Arkansas farmers
who have formed cooperative market
ing organizations or who wish to form
them may apply for loans to help in
acquiring or paying for warehouses,
creameries, elevators and other storing.
packing and processing plants or for
loans for working capital called effec-
tive merchandising loans. The bank
Evening star., 1933-10-05

cent. He has been able to get this line
of credit because he is known as a
good farmer and a man who pays his
debts. But now all these creditors are
pressing him hard and threaten to
throw him into foreclosure if the first
mortgage holder doesn't.
= Barely Makes Expenses.
He has had to take his boy out Of
school to save expense and to help him
with the work. Last year with the
closest economy and hard work he bare
ly made operating expenses, not includ-
ing his taxes and his interest, which
amounted to 1920 alone.
The Hagen family. for all their hard
work, try to keep informed on what
is going on in the countrs. and they
learned early in the Summer of the
passage by Congress of the emergency
farm mortgage act. Mrs. Hagen wrote
to Washington to find out what this
new law could do for them. She was
told to apply to the Federal Land Bank
of st. Louis, which, she was informed,
makes farm mortgage loans in the
States of Illinois. Missouri and Arkan-
sas. BY the secretary of the Federal
Land Bank of st. Louis she was ad-
vised to consult the secretary-treasurer
OF Ine X county NdllOIlal rdTUu IOdIl
Association at the county seat.
Hagen. as soon as he had this in
formation, lost no time in going to
town to see the secretary-treasurer. As
result. he made application for two
loans. He asked for longtime first
mortgage loan of $4,000 to pay off his
present first mortgage and to apply on
his other debts. He was told that this
loan could be paid off in annual install
ments over 80 years and that under the
new law he need not pay anything
beyond interest for the first five years.
and for these five years the interest
rate would be only Az per cent instead
ever he would have to become men,
ber of the x County National Farm
Loan Association and 5 per cent of the
Evening star., 1933-10-05
FARM LOANS S0UND|
MORCENTHAU SAYS
Credit Administration Seeks
Prudent Financing at
Low Cost.

Loans to aid farmers are being made
at the rate of $1,OO0,000 a day, and
prospects are that this will be increased,
Henry Morgenthau. jr.. governor of the
Farm Credit Administration, said last
night in an address in the National
Radio Forum, arranged by The Star and
broadcast over coast-to-coast network
of the National Broadcasting Co.
Mr.. Morgenthau discussed the entire
scope of the Credit Administration oper-
ations He emphasized that the loans
are being made ION a sound business
basis" adding:
Excessive loans whether to bail out
creditors who have Speculated unwiSely,
or to extend individual or cooperative
operations beyond safe point, would
work an injustice both upon farmer
borrowers and upon their neighbors.
The farmer should not be Saddled with
more debt than he can bear, nor should
farmers wit no prospect of successful
operation continue to be subsidized to
continue production for markets de-
pressed by surpluses."
The Farm Credit Administration"
the speaker concluded, lis endeavoring
to put farming on a sounder basis, to
assist in financing it prudently and at
low cost, to free good farmers from the
fear of losing their homes through debt,
to put them in position where they
will have a chance to get out of debt
and to live comfortably as American
citizens should live
Text of Address.
Mr.. Morgenthau's address follows:
At the invitation of The Washington
Star I am going to try to give you to-
night as simply as I can glimpse of
what the Government is doing in the
field of farm credit. I can probably be
most definite and Understandable by
getting down to cases. So let us start
with the case of John Hagen, farmer
In x County, III.
John Hagen has had the experience
of other Hines I'D Iowa and Mary
land and California farmers-of farmers
generally in this country in recent years.
Low prices for his hogs and his cattle,
his corn and his wheat, have brought
him close to the financial rocks. But
he IS good farmer and he has 200
acres of good land in good farming
country. He has an $4,000 first mort
gage on his farm, conservative mort
gage in ordinary times. on which he
has been paying 6 per cent interest.
In the last year he hasn't been able
to meet his interest payments The
mortgage is threatening foreclosure.
He has made various attempts to ar
range a new mortgage. but without sue
cess. The story he has heard every
where is that nobody is making any
new loans on farm land.
But this is not the greatest Of John
Hagens troubles. He has had to bor-
row more money in recent years to
pay taxes, to buy food and clothing for
his family, to put in his crops. He is
In debt to the town banker, to the i'm
plement dealer to the feed dealer. to
the general merchant. Beyond the
first mortgage he owes $500. and in
terest on this amount averages per
Evening star., 1933-10-05
Mems Apparel
Greatly Reduced

II, $3.95 Shaker
Knit S W e . aters;
coat and slip-on.
Now ........$l.45
3, $3.95 Brushed
Wool "M0dernist"
Sweaters; size 46;
soiled. Now. .$1.45
10. $1.65 and S1.95
w ool Slip-o n
Sweaters: sleeve
less; large. small
and medium sizes.
Now ..........S .S5c
81 Mems 81 Fancy /!
c0l1ar.atfached M
Evening star., 1933-10-05

3. $1.95 Summer
Wash Stacks; size
81 waist. Now, Csc
5 pairs $1.95 Linen
Knickers; W ais t
sizes 20, AZ, "A.
Now ..........6 .65c
5 B r0a d c 10 { h
Shirts; size II. Re-
duced to. soc
9 pairs $1.95 Cape
skin and W0ollen
Gloves. Now. .35c
Is pairs Mems
$2.95 Lined Gloves.
Now .... .65c
riped Shirts; mostly
Evening star., 1933-10-05

25 pairs Mems
$3.95 and S. Ok
fords; tan, brown,
and black calf
also, black kid
blue her oxfords;;
broken sizes. Now
reduced to ...$2.95
Evening star., 1933-10-05
Chidren's Wear, Soc
G to $3.50

to $3.50
IS Pairs 81 and
$1.50 Baby Shoes;
rok en- sizes.
Now ......... soc
35, 85c Winter
Weight Union Suits
for boys and girls;
sizes 2, 4, and 6.
Now ..........50c
"a ST0PE
Evening star., 1933-10-05

sAlmos, everyone who comes to the Carlton Hotel
has his own particular likes and dislkes about beer
saws Leon of the Carlton Yet Blatz Old Heidelberg
Beer has the praise of the most critical They
remark particularly about its mellow smoothness.
They lken its flavor to imported brews. They
enjoy it in bottles well as on draught. This
is, indeed convincing proof of its great popularity.
We are glad to serve a beer that pleases SO highly
Evening star., 1933-10-05

Were 85<
80. 81 Bathrobes,
in assorted pat
terms; pink, blue. a
few dark blue; some
soiled; the major
ity size s. Now Soc
DOWN STA
Evening star., 1933-10-05
Women's Shoes, s1.95
Were $2.95 to IS pair

200 pairs; opera pumps, Tstraps, and
oxfords-black, blue, patent leather.
gray, and blonde-high and low heels !;
sizes 80 to 8 in lot.
Evening star., 1933-10-05
Girls Underthings, 35c
Were Csc to 81

81 Pairs Csc Rayon
white; sizes 8 to 16.
Is Pairs 81 2-piece
Crepe Pajamas:
sizes 8 to IL.
Now .35c
8, SIC Berets, in
pastels; soil e d.
Now .........35c
Evening star., 1933-10-05

Boomers, pink and
Now ..........35c
IL Pairs 75c 1-piece
Broadcloth Paja-
m a s; size -.
Now $50
8, 78c Pink Rayon
slips; size 16.
NOW ..........35c
Evening star., 1933-10-05

SIS pairs Women's
1896 and S. Pumps
and Strap Shoes;
blonde, gray, and
b e ig e: kid and
snakeskin. Broken
sizes. Now....$2.95
Evening star., 1933-10-05

81 Mems 81 Fancy Striped Shirts; mostly
Now ............... CSC
Evening star., 1933-10-05
Mothers-A Splendid Value
Boys Wool Sweaters
Reduced to 8Oc

800 Slip-on Sweaters, in a good weight
for Fall wear, especially for school.
Popular plain colors, with jacquard
knit borders; wee neck style; sizes
2S to 36.
Evening star., 1933-10-05
Gingham Frocks, 2Sc

0lngnam rrOckS, zoe
Were 56c
S. Sleeveless Gingham Dresses, with
suntan backs; sizes IA, Is, and 18.
"a, 81 White Is, $1.s5 wash
Sleeveless Dresses; Frocks; mussed:
Suntan style: sizes small sizes, Now
IA to 38. Now SIC reduced TO-, CSC
DOWN STAIRS STORE
Evening star., 1933-10-05

DOWN STAIRS STORE.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1933-02-02
Clean the Seed Wheat

The treatment of seed wheat
with copper carbonate or with for
maldehyde is a common practice in
all grain districts. Frequently, how
ever, seed treatment is reported to
be ineffective in the control Of
smut. Experiments which have been
conducted by the United States De-
partment Of Agriculture indicate
that the removal of smut balls in
the seed wheat is absolutely essen.
ton to satisfactory results. The
smut balls are composed of mil
lions of spores which are not en-
tirely DESTROYED by the common
method of seed treatment. These
smut balls should. therefore, be re-
moved either by tanning or other
cleaning machines. IF the formal
dehyde dip method is used. the
smut halls may he skinned off
when the seed is soaked in the So
luton Ss>z =
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1933-02-02
Tuberculosis of Swine
Is Shown Preventable

Allowing hogs to follow infected
cattle is the chief cause of swine
tuberculosis, which infiicts heavy
losses In the United States, accord
ing to information In Farmers Bull
Ietin 7S1-F. tuberculosis of Hogs.
just issued in revised form by the
United States Department of Agrf-
culture. Hogs also become af-
fected by feeding on tuberculous
carcasses of various animals. in
Guiding fowls. or on infected gar
bage.
Prevention lies In allowing hogs
to follow only cattle that have
passed the tuberculin test and In
cooking carcasses, garbage. and
offal before feeding them TO hogs.
Disposal of tuberculous poultry
prevents the spread of this type Of
the disease to hogs.
When tuberculosis already exists
in a herd of hogs the best plan
is to remove all affected animals
from the farm. the bulletin shows.
Send the hogs to slaughterhouse
which Is under federal inspection.
Give the tuberculin test to cattle
remaining on the I'm after remov-
ing them to clean quarters. Thor
oughly clean and disinfect the
stables used by affected animals be-
fore using them for healthy ami
mails. Copies of Farmers Bulletin
7S1-F may be obtained on applica-
ton to the Office of Information,
United States Department of Agri-
culture. Washington. d. O.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1933-02-02
Watch Growing Pigs

More pigs suffer from lack OF
protein and minerals in their ra-
lions than is generally realized.
This would not be the case If more
attention were paid to their feed.
A pig that is self-fed-and all pigs
intended for the market should be
self-fed-a ration Of corn or other
farm grains. supplemented with a
mixture of tankage; soybean oil
meal and linseed or cottonseed
meal, and given free access to salt
and a simple mineral mixture. will
not suffer from mineral deficiencies.
Where skimmilk and buttermilk
are available for supplementing the
farm-grown grains, consider that
two gallons are equal in protein and
mineral content to one pound of the
usual trinity protein mixture. The
mistake is too often made when
milk is fed to assume that most
any amount is sufficient for balanc-
ing grain ration. Milk is one of
the very best protein supplements
because it's protein has very high
nutritive value. but never forget
that milk carries only 13 per cent
of solid matter.-Wallace's Farmer.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1933-02-02
Porch Is Made Livable
With Small Touches

The passing of winter is marked by
the siren cali Of spring for all to come
outdoors.
The porch may have suffered un-
wonted hardships through the wintry
months, but it can readily be made
quite livable place with a bit of in
genuity.> E. Helen Dunbar supplies
several suggestions in an article for
the March issue of the Peoples Home
Journal. Outlining the points to be
considered in adding dignity and COM
fort to the living porch, she says:
"Peopie are becoming more and
more eager to get out-of-doors, so let
us make the most of porches, however
hopeless they may seem at first. NO
porch exists which cannot be made
more livable and attractive at the
same time. The principal things to
keep in mind as fundamentals, no mat
ter what kind of porch engrosses
attention, are first to secure some pr1-
vacy by the use Of awnings or even
simple Japanese screens, second TO
make the porch comfortable and In
wiling, the chairs must be carefully Sc
lected for comfort first of all, and,
third, to make it colorful and very
gay and happy, with plenty of little
intimate things about so that it mas
some personality OF its own.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1933-02-02
Illinois Fruit Growers
Thinning Out Orchards

Intent upon reducing wastes and
losses and producing more economi-
cally, % southern Illinois fruit
growers thinned 1850 trees from
their orchards the past year, &C
cording to reports collected by r.
S. Marsh. horticultural extension
specialist of the college Of agricul-
ture, University of Illinois. These
same growers have almost 1000
more trees labeled for removal dur
ing the coming year.
Growers throughout the state ere
taking up the tree thinning and
culling campaign which the extern
sion service of the agricultural col
,ege is conducting.
Thinning out crowded trees, even
In well cared for orchards, is held
to be particularly essential at this
time IL growers are to wage sue
cessful fight against the growing
menace Of insects and diseases and
thereby reduce wastes and losses
and keep down production costs.
Even more important is the culling
out of more than 100000 apple trees
In neglected orchards.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1933-02-02
Trapnesting Turkeys Is
Found to Be Good Plan

There Is nothing new about trap
nesting turkeys. but there is great
deal Of profit to be derived from
heavy laying hens capable of pro-
ducing highly fertile eggs of known
hatchability. Pedigreed breeders in
a turkey flock are as important as
pedigreed chickens, and the turkey
specialist recognizes this to the
same degree as does the hen pro-
Queer.
Turkey hens. when left to their
own resources, will lay enough eggs
to make setting, go broody and
proceed to reproduce their kind !;
they may possess ability to lay and
will transmit this ability through
their sons to their granddaughter.
Trapnesting determines which tur-
key hens possess ability to lay.
When this ability is found. the pos
SCISSOR Of it should be mated to a
male similarly endowed for trans
purposes. This simple gen.
eric practice will work wonders In
Improving any flock, but the wise
turkey farmer will select breeders
of large size and good health.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1933-02-02

ing satisfactory floor merely Is 8
matter Of doing the right thing the
right way.
In the first place, oak flooring, al-
though highly finished product,
dressed to satiny surface accurately
machined and side and end matched
carefully, is not perfectly uniform in
quality, as there are many companies
manufacturing 1t, but it is as nearly
fright" as it is possible for nationally
known and accepted manufacturers to
make it. The laying and care Of the
floor necessarily must pass to other
hands.
But other hands are just as capable
In acquiring a permanently beautiful
floor as the manufacturer is IL fur
nishing the material.
It merely is matter Of following
the few but essential rules of laying
and caring for the floor that are more
or less necessary to any floor. Those
rules are obtainable from any lumber
dealer and are in clear, concise form
that eliminates worry and study on
the part of the home owner. Another
aid in the selection of oak flooring is
to buy flooring of well-known and
proven brand.
However, whether the home owner
studies oak flooring or not, as the
years pass on oak floors will teach
him lesson in flooring that will keep
him marveling at its lasting beauty.