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Nogales international., 1933-07-15
Border
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fence and hard feeling was fcs-
tered on both sides Of the line.
Finally the government was asked
to step in and do something to re-
store harmony.
Bowman was appointed to head a
commission of the United States
labor department, to investigate.
Following Investigation in Nogales,
Bowmans commission made several
recommendations which the govern
ment is adopting. Among other
things the commission recommended
establishment of an educational
system in which border officials on
the American side of the line would
gain knowledge and understanding
of the Mexicans and their race.
Labor Secretary Active
In washington, Bowman was told
by the labor commissioner in charge
of immigration that Frances Per-
kins secretary Of labor had been
cherishing the hope that something
might be done to foster actively
method whereby border brother
hood could be developed. On his
way to his Palm City home, Bow
man visited Gen. Plutarco Gales
near Ensenada and told him what
had taken place.
| Gales also expressed keen plea
sure that measures had been lnstl-
tuted to foster international broth
erhood. Bowman reported Gales as
saving that relations between Am
orleans and Mexicans at the bor-
der are better now than they have
been, and that the Roosevelt ad-
rlinistration has shown sincere de-
sire to cooperate in solving border
troubles. Gales agreed with Secre-
tary Perkins that the same sort of
border unity should be developed
ell adong the border as had been
4 recommended for NoGales.
Rodriguez In Accord
Tijuana business men know, too
that President Abelardo Rodriguez
Of Mexico is in full accord with
such a program. AS governor OF
Lower California, Rodriguez was Wit
ally concerned in border relations
and is fully conversant with the diff
ficulties encountered by residents or
both sides Of the line.
AS the discussion progressed
fernando Limon, publisher Of q
newspaper in Tijuana, presented
tentative plan for such an organ
ization as the seekers for interna-
tional harmony dreamed Of. Il
would be a league, the plan pro
posed, for the purpose Of creating
aound and permanent feeling o.
ooen-hearted friendship and mutua
understanding between inhabitant;
Of bordering territory of Mexico ane
the United States.
To Root Out Resentment
Nogales international., 1933-07-15
FLOOD SIGNAL
A Reader.

Captain Al Camerlin Of the No
gales Fire Department announces
the siren on the city hall will blow
three blasts, three times, whenever
a flood approaches Nogales. This
city usually has a couple of floods
each summer.
Nogales international., 1933-07-15

Mr.. and Mrs. L. E. Heavner and
Mr.. and Mrs. Herman Crawford
were Nogales visitors Saturday.
Nogales international., 1933-07-15

Mr.. and Mrs. Herman Crawford
have gone to Webb, Arizona, to re-
side.
Nogales international., 1933-07-15

Mr.. Rowe Of the University agri-
culture department gave a butter
and cheese demonstration at the
;Sonoita school house Friday even
ing.
Nogales international., 1933-07-15
ELGIN-SONOITA
NEWS ITEMS

Mrs. C. w. Hopkins (Shirley Dal-
tor) and infant daughter of Pres
colt, are visiting Mrs. Hopkins
parents in Nogales.
Nogales international., 1933-07-15

O. A. Patterson Of the First Bap-
tist Church in Tucson and a group
Of Young folks, motored to Sonoita
Sunday morning to conduct serv-
ices at the Sonoita school house.
Nogales international., 1933-07-15

Mr.. and Mrs. Cecil Honnas enter
tanned MIR. and Mrs. H. H. Christen-
sen at bridge Wednesday evening.
Nogales international., 1933-07-15
dro chamber of commerce.

by gathered do chamber of commerce
suggested representatives recently with
organizations the sad "he
sides
the American
within served
will
CUE or brotherhood together
nations merely unite under definite
organization policies and can think
like years. O. of nothing that would help much
president to begin this of unity muu
Nogales international., 1933-07-15

Mr.. and Mrs. Bill Orr, Miss Dor
othy Dalton, Miss Marstel Klene,
Miss Margaret Cleghorn and Miss
Grace Heavier motored to fomo-
stone Saturday mite and took IN
the dance.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-04

defense as the keynote.
October 1S-Ton Mooney from
behind the bars of San Quentin
prison appealed to all workers to
fight for the freedom Of the Scots
boro boys.
NOVEMBER
November international Scots
boro Day. Demonstrations all
over the world.
November 7-Picketing and dem
onStrationS were held before the
United States Supreme Court. Six
teen were arrested and many were
beaten and dubbed.
November THE United States
Supreme Court granted the boys
q new trial.
November S-Judge Hawkins set
the new trials for all nine boys for
March, 1888, term of the Scots
boro Court.
November ali. Louis Engdahl
died in Moscow, where he was at
tending the International Red Aid
Congress.
1888
January samuel Liebowitz en-
tered the Scottsboro case.
January 23-The letter written by
Ruby Bates proving that the police
forced her to lie at the original
trial, was ordered produced in court
by Chan1lee and Schwab.
MARCH
March CLEARING was held in
the original court room Of Scots
boro, Alabama, before Judge Haw-
kins on two rotions-one for
change of venue and q second TO
duash the indictment against the
boys on the ground that there were
no Negroes on the jury that orig
iually condemned them.
March 7--Changs Of venue to DE-
sstur, Ala, wss ordered.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-04

in almost the exact words what the
others had saio.
simultaneously, Immediately upon
their arrival, the Negro correspon-
dents were surrounded by Negro
stoolpigeons, who have logged and
are still logging their steps. These
colored spies have been trying 10
pump the newspapermen in efforts
to establish some sort Of connection
with the International Labor De-
Tense.
A number of them, Jones said,
who were pointed out by trust
worthy friends as stools have ap-
preached him and wansad to know
how they could join the Interna-
tionsl Labor Defe Sc branch in
Decatur. This, he pointed out, was
obviously an effort to md out II
there rs branch IN this town.
Others have come 30 the colctsd
correspondents, and, assuring them
-t theT srmseesxSrs sr wh.s -
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-04

NECAf1E, hla.-You climb thir-
~ teen iron steps worn smooth by
countless feet, while the shadow OF
q hangrnan's moose follows you at
each step. On the thirteenth step
you stop and hesitate while sick
ening feeling sweeps over you, for
not six inches away the gsllovs
loom horrible in the electric light
Of the Morgan county jail.
You mount the last step and you
stand on the brink of the trap door
through which men, praying or
ctrsing, have been hurled into eter-
nifty; and as though to mock them
forever, the shadow of the gallows
ring bangles over the halo on the
head of a painting of Christ at
GethSemane-a remembrance to a
the good Christians Of Alabama.
Some long since forgotten convict
had painted it in his last sgonized
hours on the wall back of the spot
where he was to die.
AS looked upon the gallows,
became aware of eyes staring at me
and beyond me to the stark black
shadow OF the moose, motionless on
the wall, as though etched forever
on 1t with bitter tears.
The eyes were the eyes Of the
Scottsboro boys.
Only seYenteea eyes, Tor DIN
Montgomery is blind in one, and he
peered between the heavy three
inch steel bars with his one good
but nssr-sigllted eye at the shadow
on the wall.
THE bull pen where the boys are
1 kept is full of shadows Shadows
of soldiers moving about under the
glazing light. Shadows of them
selves, shuffling dispiritedly and
frightened in the cells. Shadows
that loom and climb over the once
white washed walls. But all stad-
ows are obliterated, seem to be for
gotten, and only one remains from
which they cannot tear their eyes
the gallows facing them when they
open their eyes in the morning or
to haunt their dreams at night
when they hide in their cells to
forget it.
stood and talked with them in
the doorway to their cells. They
crowded close to the bars, but their
eyes kept wandering from mine,
kept passing beyond me to that
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-04
THE STORY OF THE
SCOTTSBORO FIGHT
Day to-day Actions Turnout the World Led to
Mounting Protest Which Halted Hangmen

1881
March 25-Nine Negro boys, the
youngest 10, the oldest q, were
taken off a freight train at Paint
Rock, Ala, by a sheriff's gang and
charged with attacking two white
girls, Ruby Bates and Victoria Price.
March 31-Twenty indictments
we're returned against the boys.
They we're arraigned before the
court at Scottsboro. Ala, and
pleaded not guilty.
APRIL
April 2-The first expose Of the
Scottsboro frame-up appeared in
the Daily Worker. A call for pro-
tests and mass meetings was issued.
April 6-The trials Of the nine
boys began at Scottsboro before
Judge E. A. Hawkins.
April THE jury returned the
verdict Of guilty" in the case of
Haywood Patterson.
April S-Ozie Powell, Eugene Will
lians, DIN Montgomery, Andy
Wright Willie Robertson declared
guilty"
A nistrial was reported in the
case Of Roy Wright, age 10 The
International Labor Defense en-
tsred the case.
April 9-Death sentences were
pronounced on eight Of the boss-
All except Roy Wright, by Judge
Hawkins.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-04
Especial correspondence

DECATUR, Ala.-Eforts to infiu-
ence Negro public opinion that the
Scottsboro boys faced no danger
and that they would get a fair trial
were personally made by Judge
James E. Horton, now presiding at
the trial of the boys. At the same
time Judge Horton arranged with
the Decatur Ministerial Union,
composed of colored preachers, to
use their personal influence to
achieve these aims.
These sensational charges ware
made TO the International Labor
Defense correspondent by william
N, Jones Of the Baltimore Afro
American and r. Bernard Young.
Jr,, OF the Norfolk Journal and
Guide.
Judgs Horton 3 move, IL appeared
with startling clarity to the ]. L. n.
correspondent, was |, complete cupS
# thccs made bc walter w.its and
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-04
OWE SAW THE BOYS
IN DECATUR JAIL"
A Dramatic Interview in the Southern Prison
With the Innocent Negro Boys
!hadow notionless on ths ven.

shadow notionless on the wei.
1t was this shadow that kept ths
boys up the first night they were
brought into Decatur and locked in
the jail. Even DIN Montgomery,
with his one nearsighted eye, could
not help seeing it as he YEARLY
climbed the stairs. That was why
he could not sleep that night. He
paced UP and down the few feet Of
space between the cells, peeriug
frightened through the barred win
dows into the darkness of the
spring night, pausing In his walk
to strain his ears for signs Of the
mob they expected, e. mob that
would throw another shadow of
llangmen'S moose on some tree out
side the jail.
That shadow has etched itself
deep into the consciousness Of the
boys. For two years in the death
cells in Kilby prison they stared
through the bars at the electric
chair where the state of Alabama
hoped to tie them with masks
around their faces and straps
across their chests and see the
smoke curling from their heads
and knees
AND nov. when once more the
n activities of the international
Labor Defense has given them q,
nsw hope on life, a new hope that
millions of blacks and whites
throughout the world are deter
mined that they shall not burn,
they are placed in cells looking
upon the disused gallows to remind
them that lynchings have occurred
in Alabama.
The Morgan County jail is filthy.
Even while the Scottsboro boys
stand talking to you, they scratch
themselves necessarily, for vermin
overrrn the place. One holds ones
hand against the dirty, greasy bars
and pulls it away quickly as a
roach stroIls by, crossing from cell
to cell.
'The bedbugs, they's this worst
explains Andy Wright, noting the
look of disgust. "They get In our
clothes and we got no change. just
this prison suit. And we can't get
rid o. them. We got powder and
tried to clean the mattresses, but
them bugs just eat the powder and
come back for more"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-04

who attempted with their public
statements to create the impression
nationally that Alabama would give
the boys "a fair trial." and that no
mass protest was needed to save
them,
BY JUDGE
When Judge Horton learned that
the two large Negro newspapers
planned to send reporters to cover
the trial, he approached members
Of the Ministerial Union and urged
them to impress the colored news
paper men with the belief that the
trial would be fair and that the
Scottsboro boys would face no
danger.
1t was quite obvious TO Jones and
Young, they said, that there had
been q complete rehearsal of what
sveryons was TO say and how they
we've TO ant towards them, for min
lister after minister called upon
ts.ss- s.a IA rlctts sssi,lrn xs-sasea
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-04

falling, he turns TO ths militia
man watching him with an odd
shake of his head. signs and turns
to the ernaciated little colored girl
beside him He whispers to her,
and she looks up at him with
rHlnd, wondering eyes.
All about him the crowd brushes
forward, still and silent as though
they realized the full import to
their lives and the lives of their
people in the dramatic scenes be-
ing enacted in this court. They
rarely speak to one another, and
when they do, it is in whispers.
IN EITHER side Of the courtroom
v two high, narrow windows, half
covered by yellow shades, hide the
sunlight. Three windows back of
the Judges bench are completely
shaded. The benches to acconlmo-
date 425 spectators are filled. The
air is foul, for the windows are
closed tight, though they have
screens over them. Spectators,
lawyers and newspapern1en smoke
during adjournments, and the place
has a grayish haziness over 1t.
Whites sit in the ma ority OF the
seats, mostly young boys out OF
work. Here and there are lean,
bony men of the South, with hard
looks in their eyes, staring steadily
at the defense counsel and the
judge, The Negroes have been allo-
Gated a section among the spec
tators' seats, and they sit quietly,
seldom talking or whispering.
There is q noticeable grim look in
their eyes, Many OF them have
been getting up at S o'clock in the
morning to be at the courthouse
sufficiently early not to miss the
procedure. The same faces are
here, day in and day out. They are
men who want to know what is
going to be done to their brothers.
Near them are Two colored news
papermen, William N. Jones Of the
Baltimore American and P.
Bernard Young, Jr., of the Norfolk
Journal and Guide. They watch
every move the attorneys make,
swiftly noting their observations,
indifferent to the hostility apparent
in the eyes Of the most poorly
dressed whites. When a white
newspaperman talks to them all
eyes are turned upon him.
THE DEFENSE TABLE
The defense table is at the left,
with chief trial counsel, Samuel S.
Iiebowit3 and Gen. G.. w. Cham
lee keeping Haywood Patterson be-
tween them. Joseph Brodslzy chief
counsel for the International Labor
Defense, is at the left Of Chamlee,
watching the trial carefully, fire.
quently bending forward to make
n suggestion 10 the counsel uues-
tioning the witness. Captain, j. W.
Bur1eson, spruce and span in his
officers uniform sits with one of his
soldiers near the toilet door, while
two of his men sit near the window
even with the judges bench
The prosecutions table at the
right Is filled 9Th law books. A.
tcrnsy General Thomas r Knight,
Jr., is at the farthest corner, with
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-04
Portrait of Decatur, Ala., Scene OF the Legal
Battle for LiVes of the Scottsboro Boys
Scenes at Courthouse
Described by Our
Correspondent

his assistant, Thomas Lawson, and
two county solicitors. Behind them
at the wooden table arranged for
them Is the array Of newspaper1nen
covering the trial.
T. M. Davenport of the Decatur
Daily covers both for his paper
and the Associated Press. Beside
him is Ralph E. Hurst of the
Birmingham News, who clatters
his "noiseless" typewriter as he
writes his story during the trial.
Both are Southerners and fond
OF telling stories about white
women, who have been raped
by Negroes" and what happened
TO the Negroes.
Beside Hurst is Ray Daniels of
the New York Times. He files
more than anyone, averaging 5000
words day. Everyone is friendly
TO Daniels. He represents power
ful, influential newspaper. What
he says will influence national pub
lie opinion. The Attorney General,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-04
HOW JUDGE HORTON TRIED TO NFUENC WRITER'S FOR NEGRO PR
Revealed of

they could contribute money to the
local group, with emphasis on Ito
whom"
IN COURT
Jones assured all of them that he
knew nothing about any branches
of the I. l.. d. In Decatur, as
Negro promptly showed UP with
the announcement that he Was
from the Birmingham branch of
the 7. l.. D. who wanted to discuss
the Scottsboro case with them.
Jones checked on the mans
statement and found that ~ was
a Decatur Negro obviously sent by
unidentified persons TO establish
contacts with him.
Jones and Young have been jim
crowed in the courtroom. They
have been given a little table near
the section reServed for colored
spectators, ON Me opposite sids cs
tsss youx trons rns=e Aszs va1its SCR
seercA6ssxts ~
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-04

RED through by the LID.
January 21-T71e Supreme Court
Of Alabama heard the cases Of
eight OF the boys IN the court
house at Montgomery, Ala.
MARCH
March 24-The Supreme Court OF
Alabama, oyerruled the motions for
new trials-and upheld the judg-
ment Of the Circuit Court Of Jack
son County.
March 25-Petitions were filed in
the Supreme Court for new hear
ing
APRIL
April walter H. Pollak en-
tered the case to carry the appeal
to the United States Supreme Court.
April 13-All petitions were over
ruled and an order for the execution
Of the seven boys was signed.
April 19-Alabana State Supreme
Court granted stay of execution
of the seven boys until June "a,
1882.
April 27-Ada Wright and j.
Louis Engdahl, General Secretary
of the I. L. D., sailed for Europe
TO conduct an international Scots
boro protest campaign. They were
invited by the International Red
Aid.
MAY
May IA huge ScottSboro protest
demonstration was held in Chem
nitz, Germany.
JUNE
June 15-Ada wright was Snug
gled over the Belgian border to sd-
dress a protest meeting of 5000
workers.
June 15-Walter H. Pollak, LID.
attorney, fled petition in the
United States Supreme Court at
Washington, y. c., for q stay Of
execution until the Supreme Court
of the United States could hear
and determine the issues involved
in the record.
June 10 - The o. S. Supreme
Court issued a writ Of certiorari
and an order suspending the death
sentences and a stay of proceed
ings in the cases Of the seven boys.
JULY
July "a demonstration Of $780,
900 workers in the Lustgarten in
Berlin, Germany, listened to the
plea of Ada Wright, to save the
boys.
AUGUST
August Mrs. Wright and Eng
dahl attended the Amsterdam
Anti-War Congress which passed
a resolution protesting against the
frame-up and demanding freedom
for the Scottsboro boys.
August 29-Ada Wright and Eng
dahl we're arrested in Brussels, Bel
gium. and deported from the coun-
try.
SEPTEMBER
September 5-Ada Wright and
Engdahl we're arrested at Prague,
Czecho-S lovakis, and then deport-
ed after being held in Jail for four
days.
OCTOBER
october 3 - An "All Southern
Civil Rights Conference" was held
at Birmingham, Ala, with 200
delegates present.
October l0-United States su-
preme Court heard the cases.
October 10-Hation- wide Scots
horo demonstrations. The LID.
Cleveland, Ohio, with Scottsboro
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-04

April 10-First big Scottsboro
Protest mass meeting was held in
Harlem at st. Luke's Hall.
April 24-The first telegram of
protest from Europe arrived from
the Berlin Transport Workers
Union.
April 25-The first big 5cottsboro
Protest Parade IN Harlem was held
and smashed up by the police.
MAY
May Workers in 300 cities pro
tested against she frame-up at their
May Day demonstrations.
May 3-First big Southern Mass
Meeting was held in Chattanooga,
Tenn.
May 6-Amended motions for j
aew Trial were fled in Scottsboro,
Ala, By Geo. W. Chanalee.
May 10000 workers psraded
in a Harlem Scottsboro demonstra-
zion.
May 25-ScoUtsboro conference at
tended by 10 organizations was
held in Chattanooga, Tenn.
May 31-First all-Southern Con
ference, was held in Chattanooga
Tenn, attended by 200 delegates
-Four arrests were made outside the
hall
JUNE
June 5 - Chamlee filed second
amended motions for new trials
for all of the boys and more sf-
fIdayits on the character and re-
putation Of the two girls.
June Bulge demonstration held
before the United States Embassy
in Dresden, Germany,
June 13-The solicitor for the
state Of Alabama filed afidavits
for the state in the cases of the
nine boys.
June II 49, Demonstrations were
held before the American Embassy
in Leipzig, Germany, protesting
against the Scottsboro frame up.
June l2-Judse Hawkins over
ruled all motions Tor new trials and
the defendants noted an appeal
10 the Alabama Stale Supreme
Court
June $4,000 Negro ana white
workers paraded through the streets
CT Harlem in q Soottsboro protest
demonstration.
June 20 Huge demonstration
were held in Berlin, Germany.
JULY
July Mrs. Patterson, mother Of
Haywood, was not permitted to at
tend the National Convention of
N.A.ACP.
July l2-Albert Einstein signed
an appeal demanding the release
Of the nine Scottsboro boys.
July II - Ralph Gray, Negro
snarecropper was killed, and 8
others wounded at Camp Hill, Ala,
as q result of a Scottsboro Protest
meeting held there.
AUGUST
August 5-Chamlee filed bifls Of
exceptions with copies OF all the
evidence, motions and all proceed
ings, in the clerks office at Scots
boro.
NOVEMBER
November 10 - Judge Hawkins
signed the bill of exceptions GER
tifying the appeal.
DECEMBER
December 20 - Clarence Darrow
left Birmingham, Ala, having re-
fused to work With the LID.
1913.
January E-s-1o-Nstlof1s ss-ct-s
setc rzvs wers rrrsrizad and @sr-