Red Lodge daily news combined with Carbon County news., 1933-10-11

Prepared by National Geographic Society
washington, ID. C.-WNU Service.
URKEY, the former "sicl
man" of Europe, has takel
a new lease of life In Asia
There on the bleak. w~indswep
Anatolian plateau. the erstwhll,
Ottoman empire has set about tn,
task OF building up a new state an(
q new social order, looking to ths
West for a pattern.
Progress Is slow In some phases
or Its Development, for the Ana,
tolian peasant Is fundamentally q
conservative of conservatives and
has proved acquiescent rather than
enthusiastic In accepting reforms.
However, more change probably
has come into his life during the
last decade than In any century
that has gone before.
He no longer owes allegiance to
a sultan OF the house of Osman,
but serves the Turkish republir.
BY government order he doesn't
wear a fez any more. Not that
there was anything economically
unsound about a fez, but because
the leaders who ordained Its de
parture we're keen psychologists,
and realized that their countrymen
could not compete as we'll with rep.
resentatives of the Western world
while they wore a headgear that
them off as distinctly different.
In accord with another official
PRONUNCIATION. a Latin alphabet has
replaced the beautiful but cumber.
some Arabic script. Every one set
about learning this new method of
written expression. Only a very
small percentage of the population
could read or write the difficult
characters.
When the Turkish republic came
INTO being. in 1928, 1t took over an
empty treasury. Turkey Is not
acking In natural resources, how
ever. Copper. silver, zinc, chrome
IRE, manganese, ~meerschaum, borax.
emery, some coal, and a little iron
make up Its mineral treasure chest.
There are also approximately 21.-
acres of timberland and a
considerable amount of embarrassed
water power.
Only about 2 per cent of the
Is engaged In manufac.
uring. Perhaps the most Impor-
ant articles produced are carpets,
he weaving and ~coloring of which
some degree of skill. Fig
'acklng plants, ginneries, textile
md sugar mills also assume prom
nent places in the nations rather
neager Industrial life.
Anatolla Mostly Agricultural.
A vast majority Of the people of
tnatolia have always derived a
from the soil or from their
but the methods used are
My just beginning to develop past
he primitive.
Many peasants still break the
round for planting with fiint-tipped
wooden plows drawn by oxen or
uffalo or, perhaps, If there are no
nimals available, by daughter or
fife. However, steel plows are be-
to make their appearance
ere and there, and near the coast
tiles tractors are coming into use.
Eleven years of almost constant
yarfare Immediately preceded the
establishment Of the republic and
Eliminated In q decisive victory
yer the Greeks at the Sakarya
Iver. In August, 1921, and a heroic
efense of the medieval citadel of
All antep, neal the Syrian from
err. This period of conflict left
turkey sadly depleted of farm anil
Ials, seeds and agricultural nipple
tents, as well as able-bodied man
over.
But these Anatolian peasants are
tenacious race and, at the dis
OF the armies, back to
leir despolled farms they went
lose who were physically able
I'D. with such equipment as could
: scraped together, began again
cultivate the soil.
There was no money for farm
achinery. Grain was thrashed by
Ie primitive method of rolling 1t
under a heavy log set with
larp stones, and was converted
to -four between two heavy stones
an%lpulated by the women of the
RIM household. Now the new gov
nment is operating agricultural
hools which teach the advantages
at accrue from the use of modern
machinery.
Among the more important crops
Ised are cereals, figs, olives,
uits for drying. tobacco and cot
n. Smyrna figs and Samsun to-
eco have long been famous In
@ markets of the world, and OF
cent years cotton from the re-