davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1933-08-12

The people long have withStood
hardships and growing starvation
with amazing cheerfulnesS, hop
ing always to drive Machado from
office. He retorted with a dec
laraton of a state of war. He
tried to use force to open stores,
but the shop keepers fled from
his police and troops.
Last Monday the rumorS spread
he had resigned and happy
throngs raced into Zulueta Street
to the presidential palace, shout
ing "HozanoS."
30 Killed, 13O Wounded
The Machado police and troops
suddenly sprayed them with ma
chine gun bullets, killing 80 and
wounding 1870.
This use of force served only
to increase the bitterness against
Machado. Ambassador WelleS,
who spent the recent months in
seeking peaceful solution of
Cuba'S problems, served President
Roosevelt's shielded ultimatum on
Machc do, demanding his resig-
nation through a process Of an
extended leave of absence.
Machado abruptly refused to
quit. Rumors spread that the
United States would intervene
and land an army Of occupation
to force Machado'S resignation.
It was this news which stirred
the Cuban army into action.
They resented the idea of for
eign soldiers landing on Cuban
soil. A mere lieutenant of the
line, Cesar Loire, started the
army's revolution. He may go
down in Cuban history as a
David who overthrew the Goliath
Machado.
He won over a handful Of
troops in his own company In
The Washington times., 1933-08-12
EAGLES FLOWN
To CAPITAL

The "Blue Eagle" emblem Of
the National Recovery Admins
tration, took to the air today and
was flying here in airplanes from
Floyd Bennett Field.
Postmaster William M. Mooney
and other officials were at Boil
ing Field ready to receive the post
ers and transport them to the
Postoffice Department for Wash
ingtonians.
The flight, which was the idea
Of President Roosevelt, had been
postponed from yesterday because
of bad weather. Nine tons of the
posters left Floyd Bennett Field
for IL Eastern cities.
The Washington times., 1933-08-12
OUTPUT
IS TR|PLED

Seven million gallons has been
set as the limitation on the pro-
duction of medicinal whisky for
1884, it was reported today at the
Bureau of Industrial Alcohol.
This was in contrast to issuance
of permits authorizing the manu-
facture of 100000 gallons an
nually during the past few years.
Officials said that owing to the
large use of medicinal liquor as a
result of the removal of limita-
tions on issuance of prescriptions
it probably will be necessary TO
make a new ALLEGATION of produc-
ton in the fall boosting the ten
tative limit by several million
gallons.
All figures on production are
now tentative, officials explained,
pointing to the probability of re-
peal of the Eighteenth Amend
ment before the end of the year.
That would mean a tremendous
increase in the authorization and
the licensing of many new dis
tilleries.
Studies already have been
started to determine the prob
able demand for whisky and other
alcohol beverages should the pro-
hibition amendment be repealed.
The Washington times., 1933-08-12
| LABOR RALLIES
To GUARD NRA
BLUE EAGLE
VigiIanteS Asked to Watch for
Violations of Codes and
Report to Washington
BY International News Service

ORGANIZED LABOR was being re-
cruited into a vast band of vigi.
lantes today to guard the National
Recovery Administrations Blue
Eagle emblem agaist unfair usageS
and traffic.
The call went forth from Will.
liam Green, president of the
American Federation of Labor. in
messages addressed to each of the
organizations 10000 local trade
organizations, it's 1000 city cen.
trail bodies and State federations
in each of the 48 Commonwealths.
Green urged the organized work.
ers to investigate every employer
flying the Blue Eagle to learn if
the provisions of the code under
which they operated were being
kept.
Told to Report Here
The workers were urged espe-
cially to determine if the employ
ers were keeping their promises to
allow their workers to affiliate
with labor unions of their own
choice, and to report their find.
ings to Washington.
Green's message said:
"Great dependence must be
placed upon organized labor and
its friends to see that there are
no violations of signed tenn
pOrary or permanent codes in
the cities and towns throughout
the nation. All must be alert
and watchful in order to prevent
the perpetration of fraud and
the use of the Blue Eagle en-
blem by those who are not en-
titled to display or exploit it.
SPIRIT AND LETTER
'It Is highly important that
all who are granted the right to
use the Blue Eagle emblem shall
comply with all the provisions
of the industrial codes and OBJ
serve both the spirit and the
letter of the industrial recovery
law.
Il am, therefore, calling upon
the officers and members of or.
ganized labor as it is repre-
Sented in State federatiOns, local
and city central bodies, to in
veStigate each case where en-
plOyerS and merchants display
the Blue Eagle.
LET this investigation be
made a matter of special action
ON the part of your central body
or State federation of labor. Re
port all violations to the office
of the American Federation of
Labor, together with supporting
facts"
The Washington times., 1933-08-12
HERRERA WONT ACCEPT PRESIDENCY UNLESS H. s. APPROVES
Doctors Due
To Get Call
To Cuba

Army and Navy doctors on duty
in Washington have been refused
leaves of absence and have been
instructed to be in readiness to
leave here at any time-with
Cuba the probable destination
it was learned today.
Plans have been worked OUT
also for the dispatch OF troops
in event President Roosevelt deems
intervention in the island repub-
lie necessary.
staff officers Of the Army,
Navy and Marine Corps have
been in conference, it was under
stood, mapping out plans Tor
coordination of the three branches
of the service in event Of inter-
vention.
Preliminary plans, it is under
stood, call for the Marines to make
up the first detachment to be
sent South unless order is re-
stored in Cuba.
The Marine brigade at Quantico
is ready to start within a few
hours after orders are received.
The Washington times., 1933-08-12
j. s. FAVORABLE.
To HERRERA
Bv international News Service

by news StENlCo
The State Department was in
formed today that President Ma
chado has sent o message to the
Cuban congress asking for a tenn
porary leave of absence, and it is
expected his request will be
granted at once.
The department also was in
formed that Gen. Alberto Herrara,
secretary of war, is endeaVoring
to form a coalioion cabinet and
probably will succeed late tiday.
General Herrara is acceptable
to the United States Government
as provisional president of Cuba,
it was learned. President Ma
chado is expected to appoint Her
rero as sec1ttary of state before
he leaves office. This will permit
the military leader to succeed
Machado in accordance with the
constitution.
General Herrara, it was learned,
is the only member of MachadoS
government that supported the
efforts of Welles in bringing about
a peaceful solution of the politi-
cal touble.
The Washington times., 1933-08-12
Machado Resigns; Mobs Loot Presidential Palace;
De Cespedes to Become Acting President

was cool. All the ranking Off
GERS and cabinet members were
called to a conference at once.
This correspondent slipped into
the conference and sat silent while
Machado made a. brilliant, i'm
paSsioned appeal to his fellow SOL
diers to support him in the resi-
dency.
When he concluded, an army
colonel arose, ignored all his en-
treaties, and calmly asked for his
resignation.
Then, and only then, did the
crest-fallen Machado agree to
their demands.
Herrera Dictator
Instantly the junta decided
Herrera should be made the tenn
orary dictator until compromise
successor to Machado could be
agreed upon and approved by Am
basSador Welles.
The officers made it plain both
to Machado and Herrera that they
worshipped WelleS and feared
American intervention like a
deadly poison. When Machado
agreed to retire, they rushed back
to the city fortress with Herrera.
There they pledged allegiance
to him for 48 hours as dictator
of Cuba. pending selection of
provisional president. They made
him raise his right hand to the
sky and solemnly swear he would
deliver the reins of government
to anyone chosen as provisional
president to succeed Machado."
Herrera took the oath with
tears in his eyes, showing tre-
mendouS sentiment before his
troops. The junta then broad
cast the announcement to other
garrisons throughout the island.
telling of their revolt against
Machado.
The Washington times., 1933-08-12
(Continued from Page y


food and all removable objects.
The mobs streamed through the
courtyards and corridors, ours
ing Machado, stripped Of his
power in a bloodless revolution
that placed the country tenn
porarily under Herrera's rule.
Police were absent and troops
made no immediate effort to
stem the demonstration.
The mobs took what they
wanted and not merely what
they could lay their hands on.
Whisky. typewriters and two
machine guns were among the
loot pilfered from the palace. One
group stormed the garage, the
leaders emerging a few moments
later astride two motorcycles.
Many Shots Fly
At the same time, sporadic
shooting affrays occurred in vari-
Gus parts of the city when groups
with murderous intent attacked
members of the dread "Porra," "
the strong arm secret service
squad which ruled with an iron
hand for many years.
One such shooting took place
within two blocks Of the Interna-
tional News Service headquarters.
How many were killed in the af-
trays could not be learned i'm
mediately.
Hoodlums stole police equip
ment and motorcycles and roared
through the streets. cheering and
shouting.
One mob rushed to the Amer
ican Embassy, but confined them
selves there to cheering for Am
baSsador WelleS.
Despite the wild excitement and
the outbreak of looting and vio-
lence, police remained inactive.
The Washington times., 1933-08-12
SIGN
NRA CODES

CONTINUED from Page y
ment are: Paper and pulp, fruit
and flavoring syrups, garter. suS-
pender and belts and marking
device.
The agreements are effective
pending hearings and presidential
approval Of codes.
4O-HOur Week Provided
The modified agreement for
the electric light and power in
dustry provides a general 40-hour
week, with certain exceptions.
Minimum wages in the electric
power industry were fixed at $14
a week in cities of from $500 to
250,000 to SIS a week In cities
over 100000.
The telephone agreement pro-
vides minimum wages ranging
from $12 a week, except IN vii
lagos, to SIS a week.
The blanketing agreement to-
day was described by NRA Off
cials as the greatest single ad-
vance in the effort to bring all
employers under the Blue Eagle.
An elaborate plan to protect
consumers against eXtortionate
prices, which will spread fanlike
into every hamlet in the nation,
was drawn today by the recovery
administration.
While the plan is expected to
have it's effect during the life of
the Presidents unemployment
agreements, it is designed particu.
larly as a continuing enforcement
measure when the permanent
codes are signed.
Publicity to Be Weapon
The keystone of the plan is that
two warnings will be given alleged
profiteers. If the warnings are
ignored, full publicity will be
given the findings of experts Of
the Recovery Administration in
the localities of the alleged vio-
lators.
The first step in the develop
ment of the plan has been taken
with the sending of investigators
out to obtain direct information
of price increases.
These prices will be placed be-
fore statistical experts of the con-
sumers' advisory board and
checked by other governmental
agencies.
County Boards Planned
Complaints of profiteering
which are pouring into the con-
sumerS advisory board daily will
be used in the checking-up
process. The ultimate plan calls
for a consumers board in every
county in the nation to serve as
a clearing house.
Along with the paign
ag ainSt profiteering, the con-
Sumers' advisory board will un.
dertake to educate consumers to
the necessity of paying higher
prices to enable employers to re-
duce hours Of labor and increase
wages.
The Washington times., 1933-08-12
j, s. DIPLOMACY
VICTORIOUS
IN CUBA
Extension of "NeW Deal" to
Island Eliminates Troubles for
Roosevelt Administration
BY GEORGE r. HOLMES
international News Service

The enforced retirement Of
Gerardo Machado as president Of
Cuba, paving the way for the
restoration of political and eco
nomic tranquility in the island,
represents a diplomatic victory Of
first magnitude for the Roosevelt
administration.
without the dispatch of single
warship or the landing of a single
United States Marine, Washing
ton has extended "the new deal"
into a foreign quarter that had
threatened to be extremely trouble
some to the Administrations pol
icy of cultivating closer relations
with the republics of Latin Amer
lea.
Fleet Used on Mexico
Wnen it is recalled tnat 20 years
ago under somewhat analogous
circumstances, it took a large part
of the American fleet, the bonn
bardment of Vera Cruz, and conSe-
quent loss of many Mexican and
American lives to ouSt General
Carranza in Merico, the peaceful
achievement of ousting Machado
becomes all the more striking.
The history books will show
that Machado was the victim of
his own army. The suaSion that
was applied from Washington
was moral and not military. It
opens a new chapter in Wash
ington's dealings with the SenSi-
tive Latin temperaments of the
south, which too often in the
past have been marked with gun
play that left unpleasant scars.
Improvement Certain
Generally speaking, washington
does not care who succeeds the
Cuban dictator. The view is
taken here that anyone is bound
to be an improvement over the
stubborn old man whose years in
the Cuban presidency have been
characterized by unconstitutional
acts, wholesale official killings,
abortive rebellions and the i'm
poveriShment of the masses.
All tina. the United States de-
sires ir the sit on, it was en-
asized today. is that the new
pr. ident of Cuba sha.: be som !
one who can command the sup
DO t of t dominant political
factions in the island and be
willing to 60 along with a pro-
gram for restoring political and
economic peace.
U. S. Offers Help
The United States is willing to
help such a program by increas-
ing Cuba's sugar export to this
country, by aiding in the consoli-
dation and amelioration OF
Cuba'S internal and external in
debtedness, and by cooperating
in the establishment of a new
land policy that will send the
small planter back to the land
which has been taken away from
him in recent years by the great
corporations.
Some officials here are slightly
suspicious of General Alberto
Herrara, who has established
de facto military dictatorship,
but should the general succeed in
commanding the support of the
dominant political parties it is not
believed the United States would
object to him. The view is taken
that peace and tranquility are
desired above all things, even
personalities. Herrara has been
Machado's minister Of war and
strong man."
The Washington times., 1933-08-12
NJ GRADY SEEKS
COAL PEACE
BY International News Service


Steps to prevent a renewal of
the bloody Pennsylvania coal
strike were taken by the NRA to-
day.
Notified that miners at ClarkS-
vile, Pa, planned to strike again
on August IA because check
weighmen have not been in
stalled, Labor Deputy Edward F.
McGrady telegraphed the local
union head urging the miners
to continue at work.
McGrady, who had much to do
with getting miners back to work
in Fayette county, said many
complaints had been received
that coal companies had failed
to install check weighmen under
the strike settlement agreement.
The Washington times., 1933-08-12
Pan-AmericGn Aid
Seen in Idle ShiDS

American bottoms now lying
idle in ports of the Atlantic and
Pacific could be used to promote
a real Pan-American undertaking
in accord with the plans of Pres
ident Roosevelt, Thomas -. Chad,
bourne, representing American re,
filming interests in Cuba, declared
today. He said:
"The Latin-American cOun-
tries could provide an ample
and virtually exclusive market
for our goods and that in suf-
ficient volume to do away in
part with the curtailment of
production now being planned"
The Washington times., 1933-08-12
S67, 900 Missing;
Death Quiz BeqIIn

FALMOUTH. Mass, Aug. IL
QN.S).-Delving into the mys-
terry Of how Charles S. Breslin,
wealthy Salem inventor, died
suddenly at a summer cottage
here, and what became of $67,-
900 which belong to him, au-
thorities today considered ex-
huming his body. Breslin's wild
ow, Mrs. Mary Breslin, said that
when the inventor left his home
in Salem he carried $4,000, and
that $4,000 in royalties paid by
a New York manufacturing COM
pany had disappeared.
The Washington times., 1933-08-12
FisherfOLk Flee
To Sea From Fire

ST. JOHNS, Newfoundland,
Aug. IL O.N.SD.-Their homes in
flames, hundreds of fisherfolk
were seeking the safety Of the
Green Bay waters here today as
raging forest fires in Newfound-
land spread terror along the coast.
Possibility that the fires were of
criminal origin was being investi-
gated by the royal Canadian
mounted police. Late reports in
dicated that the fires in Nova
Scotia and New Brunswick were
under control but a new blaze
menaced Harbor Deep.
The Washington times., 1933-08-12
Son of President
Gets Movie Offers

HOLLYWOOD, Aug. y (IN.SD. .
Elliott Roosevelt, second son Of
President Roosevelt, today had
under consideration offers from
three major motion picture
studios. It was indicated he
might take a job in the exploita-
ton and publicity department Of
one of the studios after he had
been advised against becoming an
actor.
The Washington times., 1933-08-12
u. s. Line Protests
Nazi Shipping Edict

BERLIN, Aug. IL 0NS0 A
protest from the representative of
the United States Baltimore Mail
Lines against a recent Nazi edict
that prospective passengers must
apply to the Foreign Exchange
Control Board for permission to
travel on non-German ships was
in the hands of United States
Consul George S. Messersmith to-
day. Strictly enforced, the edict
would mean a death blow for
American and British passenger
shipping in Germany, it was said.
The Washington times., 1933-08-12
Fairbanks Denies He
Will Become BritOn

NDON, Aug. IL U.N.S).
Dauglas Fairbanks, Hollywood film
star, flatly denied rumors he
plans to become a British sub
1ect in an interviey published
today by the London Daily
Sketch. He said:
II am an American and shall
remain an American"
Fairbanks visited an English
film company, accompanied by
the Prince Of wales.
The Washington times., 1933-08-12
PROMISES THAT
HE Il RESTORE
. PEACE IN CUBA
Dictator Grants Interview to
]. N. S. Reporter; Will Always
Be Friend of U. S.
BY WILLIAM X. HUTCHINSON
Copyright, 1888, by International
News Service

HAVANA, Aug. IL GN.S0
Gen. Alberto Herrera, temporary
military dictator of Cuba, re-
iterated to me in an exclusive in
terview at noon today that he will
decline to accept the presidency
vacated by Gerardo Machado
without approval Of United Staes
Ambassador Sumner Welles and
he entire army.
General Herrera said:
"The situation is exactly the
same as it was when 1 told In
ternatiOnaI News Service 1
wanted an entirely peaceful
solution of the Cuban problem.
ASKS FULL SUPPORT
81 shall do nothing until con-
gress reaches decision. (COn-
gresS is now considering Ma
chadO's formal request for q
leave of absence and deSigna-
ton of a secretary Of state to
succeed him as preSident.)
81 will not accept the presi-
dency without support Of the en-
tire army.
'Tf a single officer refuses to
support me 1 will not accept it.
81 want no military strike. I
want an absolutely peaceful
solution of our problems"
Every Inch a Soldier
Herrera was interviewed in his
great stone home on a hillside in
the Vedado section overlooking the
City.
Army officers, armed, booted
and spurred, walked restlessly
across the marble floors and con-
Versed in groups on the Illuminated
curtain-hung porch.
This correspondent waited while
the dictator completed a confer
ence with Alberto Barreras, presi-
dent of the Cuban senate.
The dictator was graciouSnesS
itself. A rotund man of short but
dignified stature, he looked every
inch a soldier. His bushy gray
hair and short. crisp, gray mus
tache gave him a grandfatherly
appearance.
To Settle Strike
He was asked:
"WiH you be able to settle the
general strike throughout the
repubIic?"
He replied:
eyes. Not only the strike,
but am sure that as soon as
change comes, all business con-
ditions and everything else will
automatically be restored to
normal"
Herrera was asked:
"YOu indicate an expectation
of succeeding President Ma
chadO in his office. Will your
selection be acceptable to Am
bassadOr WeIleS and the Ameri"
can gOvernn9ent?"
He replied:
'T will not accept the presi-
dency unless it is with the good
will and approval of AmbasSa-
dor Welles and the American
government. would not think
of taking the presidency under
any other circumstances"
The Washington times., 1933-08-12
Blue Eagle to Fly
At the White House

An NRA Consumers Blue Ea'
gle" will fly in a White House
window shortly, Mrs. Franklin
D. Roosevelt said yesterday. She
has instructed the household to
aid establishments which have
signed the Presidents reemploy-
ment agreement and herself will
sign the consumers agreement.
The Washington times., 1933-08-12
Wheat Supply DOIUn
225,OOO.OOO Bushels

Total supplies of wheat, both
new and old, for 1933-34 appear
to be about 225,00,O00 bushels
under last years figure, the De-
partment of Agriculture an
nounced today. The carry-over,
based on preliminary estimates,
was reported about the same.
Stocks in all positions, as of
July l, are reported at 1886 ,881,-
900 bushels, compared with 382,-
076,000 bushels July /, 1882.
The Washington times., 1933-08-12
8 Go Insane, 3 Die
of Heat in BUDAPEST

BUDAPEST, Aug. IL U.SO.
Eight persons went insane and
three died from heart attacks yes
terday as the thermometer
reached 1O4 degrees, the peak OF
the heat wave. Budapest was
said out of beer and ice cream.
The Washington times., 1933-08-12

"HOw will l get there?" Where will
we go over the week-end?" These are
questions hundreds Of people are asking
every day they can be answered.
and economically too, by the purchase
Of one Of the good used cars adver-
tised today In the WANT AID SEC.
TION Of this newspaper.
The Washington times., 1933-08-12

CONDITION OF TREASURY
Treasury balance. .$765, ,246, ,413.64
M S cellaneous in
ternal revenue. :. 1858, ,850.32
Customs receipts. 9,932,083.69
The Washington times., 1933-08-12
CLEARINGS

CINCINNATI, Aug. 12.-Bank
clearingS, $5,656,704.
The Washington times., 1933-08-12

the historic La Fuerza fortress to
The Daily Alaska empire., 1933-01-06
American Books Abroad.
Cincinnati Enquirer)

Cincinnati EnQurer)
 For a great many years Europeans read little of the writings of American authors restricting their interest to James Fenimore Cooper Edgar Allen Poe Mark Twain, Jack London and few others England, of course read extensively of Americas literary griSt, but the continent the books of America were almost unnoticed
 It is a satisfaction to note, therefore, that in very recent years there has been decided awaken ing of interest in American books, especially in Ger many and France. Sinclair Lewis appears to be responsible in large measure for this development, his books having enjoyed an extraordinary vogue throughout Europe. Perhaps the Europeans were not justified in taking Lewis the interpreter of America to the exclusion of many others But Lewis wrote of the American scene, and in vein that attention.
 Since his success in the Old World many other American authors have found increasingly large publcs the other side of the water. The profits in the European trade very small in comparison with those to be gained in America, a publisher recently observed But in this respect the exporters of literature up against the same problem the corporations which export more tangible commodi- ties who must sell cheaply in foreign coun- tries.
 There is real hope of broader understanding between America and Europe when authors are widely read there. From the beginnings of American Europe Indeed we perhaps have been too depend- ent Europe. But that American literature is more representative of distinct American cul- ture, the export of writings ought to be a genuine mark of progress