The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-01-03

officials as saying that peace
negotiations were opened at
Shanhaikwan after the Chi
nese asked that fighting
cease.
General HUI Chu Kuo, commander
of the garrison, reported by wire
less to Marshal Chang Hseuh LANG
that japanese infantry tried to
carry a breach in the southeast wall
Of Shanhaikwan opened by artillery
and airplane bombardment, but
were driven back by Chinese ma
chine gunners.
Prepare for New Attack
The Chinese we're repairing their
defenses, expecting another assault.
The Japanese losses at Shanhaik-
wan we're said to have angered mil
itary leaders, increasing the pos
sibility that hostilities might spread
throughout North China.
The status of events at Shan
haikWan was uncertain late tonight.
Chinese officials declined to admit
the japanese had occupied the city,
but insisted that the Chinese had
repulsed second assault, after
heavy Japanese Smelling, which
caused many fires.
japanese, American. and Italian
sources said the main body of Chi
neSe troops was withdrawing to-
ward Chinwangtao and ChangIi, but
a Chinese spokesman here said the
garrison at Shanhaikwan was hold
ing it positions tonight and that its
morale was high
The danger zone in the dispute
between China and Japan lies be-
tween ChinchOW, Manchurian city
to the north of Shanhaikwan, and
Tientsin, to the south. The Great
Wall of China reaches the sea at
ShanhaikWan.
The japanese have been strength
ening their forces to the north of
the Great Wall for months, while
Chang Hseuh Liang has been doing
the same thing on The south.
1t was hoped that the fighting be-
tween japanese and Chinese WouId
prove to be only a frontier clash.
The outcome, however, could not be
predicted, especially in view of the
recent increase of militaristic spirit
in China and in view of the failure
OF the League of Nations to settle
the dispute peacefully.
Up to Military
The Chinese also have become
holder since resumption of diplo-
matte relations with Russia. while
Japan has declined to sign a nom
aggression pact with the Soviets.
The japanese legation here said
that the Shanhaikwan situation
was entirely in the hands of the
military. The japanese charged
the Chinese with being unwilling
10 seek Cancellation, and consid-
cred the situation serious.
Both Chinese and japanese moved
troops into the Shanhaikwan area.
The Chinese movement was con-
Sldered largely precautionary. how
ever, unless the japanese launched
an offensive toward Tientsin and
Peiping.
The japanese invasion of Shan
haikWan followed charges that Chi
nese had bombed a group of Japa-
nese police and that later a Japa-
nese officer, Lieutenant Kodama.
was killed.
History Is Repeated
Chinese recalled rather glumly
that the Japanese military in Nan
churia made similar charges last
winter, when they extended their
occupations from Tsitsihar on the
north to Chinchow on the south.
japanese charged that Chinese
had violated the neutrality of the
Chinchow area, established after
Japan's troops were Withdrawn from
the Shanhaikwan area last year.
Colonel Ibara, commandant of the
japanese legation guard here, de-
liyered an ultimatum to Marshal
Chang, demanding that he remove
his soldiers from the frontier. Chang
refused, on the ground that his men
were in Chinese territory.
Fighting followed The japanese
brought IN reinfOrcpments from the