davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-06

preparations of $250,O0O,OoO for the
building Of ships for American own
ers, and for annual handouts amount
ing to more than $4,000 900 to lines
which carried mail for the govern
ment.
Under this act the private COM
panieS paid one-fourth of the cost of
building their ships The government
contributed the other three fourths,
to be paid back at low interest in
annual inStallments over a period Of
Is years. The four new Santa" boats
Of the Grace Line. which have been
carrying munitions for the wars in
South America, and which cost $40
100000, were built with money from
this fund. The Grace Line put up
s5,00000 the cost of one ship, and
got the other three free.
Another provision of the Jones'
White Act was that the plans of all
ships built with its aid, first had to
be approved by the Navy Depart
ment, which passed on their suitable
ity for conversion to naval auXiliaries
Vessels rebuilt or reconditioned with
money from this fund had to have
their decks specially strengthened to
bear the weight of guns. Officers
working on these ships were COM
PEELED to serve, without pay, as men,
bers of the U. S. Naval Reserve.
| In the face of all these cash favors
to the shipowning capitalists. the con-
ditions of the workers in the marine
industry became not better, but worse
Technical naturalization had been
hitting the marine workers for years
with the conversion from coal to oil
/ burners. from steam to diesel and
| diesel electric engines with highly
mechanical loading and unloading,
conyeyor systems and other methods
As the crisis bit into the marine in
II custry the shipowners grabbed
with both hands On one side
they took millions from the govern
ment. On the other they cut wages
increasing hours and introduced the
spced-up system. Wages on many Of
the lines are down to one-third OF
their former level. On the Manhat-
tan, TO give an instance of shir
built with government aid, the hours
Of the deck crew were increased from
8 to IL, and wages we're cut on tor
Of that, The crews quarters are be-
low the water line, and are very
cramped. The ships of the United
Fruit Co., which received more thar
18 million dollars for building its
Great White Fleet" and which gets
almost two million dollars a year from
mail contracts alone, are notorious
hungry ships"
During all this time when the
United States merchant marine has
been growing at the expense Of the
American people and Of the exploited
marine workers, the other imperialist
maritime nations of the world have
not been idle.
Italy launched subsidized build
ing program which put such vessels
/ as the Conte di Savoa, Conte
Grandc. the Rex. and others. into the
/ trans Atlantic trade France built
ships, too, and is at present aiding
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-06

an industry that is in state OF
collapse, only kept alive by enor-
nous government subsidies, by
drastic wage cuts, by increasing
speed-up. stretch-out, and ration
alization 1t is the industry in
which national imperialist rivalries
clash most f1ercely and most directly
in time of peace, and which turns
most completely into an auxiliary
weapon Of these imperialist nations
when war is declared 1t is of key
Importance in any war situation
involving the United States.
The shipbuilding side of the mar
inc industry is at complete stand
STILL, Despite unheard-of subsidies
over period of years, there is
today not a single merchant vessel
of over 1000 tons under construc-
ton in any American shipyard.
The building of 80 more ships
which were to have followed the
Washington, under provisions of the
Jones-White Act, has been aban-
doned. Tied up, like the Leviathan,
are ships whose tonnage amounts
to more than one-third of the en-
tire United States merchant mar
inc. --Over 1-2 million tons Of
ships have already been scraped.
This amounted to 249 per cent of
the merchant fleet.
Every vessel built under the
Jones' White Act, and this means
nearly every vessel buff in the
past four years, is fitted for imme-
dite conversion to a naval auxiliary
in time of war
The need for ships to transport
troops, munitions. and food dur
ing the World War caused the es-
Establishment of the United States
Shipping Board. whose function was
to build quickly big merchant
marine. The ships thus built we're
paid for through government subsi-
dies, and in the IA years Of the
Shipping Boards existence. over az
billion dollars of public money was
appropriated for its use,
AFTER the war the government
= followed the policy of transfer
ring the Shipping Board fleet into
private hands as rapidly as possible
Favored capitalists got the biggest
share of the graft. Most of the
ships of the international Mercan-
tile Marine Co, the largest American
shipping cone Germ, were Shipping
Board vessels. The I. NJ M is Nor
gan controlled. So is the American
Export line, another Shipping Board
created fleet, and many others. The
American marine industry is almost
completely in the hands of monopoly
capitalists.
In 1881, as business began to gel
bad for the United States Line the
Shipping Board not only took back
over three million dollars worth Of
laid-up. older ships, but also can
celled outright an eleven million dol
lar mortgage which the line owed
This is an outstanding. but not ar
Isolated case.
In 1928 the United States govern
mont presented its shipowners with
The most generous subsidy bill in
world shipping history. This was the
lones- White Act II provided for APP
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-06

and the acts Of the authorities of
Alabama in thu ScottSboro case, and
sent protest demanding the imme-
date release of the nine innocent
Negro boys; declared the support of
the G. I. A. D. E. for the American
Workers Congress to be held in New
York in September; and sent greet
ings to the revolutionary students of
Mexico for their attempt to demon
Strate against the new United States
Ambassador, Josephus Daniels, who
in 1914 ordered the slaughter of
workers and peasants at Vera Cruz.
These results were achieved despite
the reformist leadership of the G. 1.
A. D. E., which tried at every turn to
stifle the demands of the majority of
the rank and file for definite, con-
crete action against imperialism. and
imperialist war. Because of the terror
which is being carried on in the
Latin American countries against the
genuinely anti-irlperialist and revo-
lutionary students, only four revolu-
tionary students we're present; yet
this small revolutionary opposition
was able to force the adoption of
several Of its demands, because the
reformist leaders we're afraid to let
themselves be exposed in their true
role before the rank and file G. 1. A.
D. E. membership.
The countries represented in the
congress were Spain, Puerto Rico,
Costa RIGA, Ell Salvador, Honduras,
Cuba, Nicaragua, Mexico and the
United States dora Fucker, delegate
of the National Student League). The
Mexican branch, which is dominant
in the G. 1. A. D. E. leadership, is
controlled by " Lombardo Toledano,
Socialist" director of the G. r. O..
M. (Mexican A. F. of L. and out
standing dcnagogue. IT. was Tole-
dano who called of the revolutionary
students demonstration against
Daniels, on the ground that he
should be given an opportunity to
show his sincerity and good inten-
tons"
In the congress discussion OF edu-
cational reforms. the revolutionary
opposition had the support of the
delegates of Honduras, Spain and
Puerto Rico, with the result that the
c. I. A. D. E. adopted the following
points to fight for: against religious
end military training, against jingo-
istic propaganda, for government
support of poor students and for
greater governmental appropriations,
for introduction into school curricu-
lums of the history Ct the working
class and its struggles.
After debate on social action, in
which the revolutionary delegates
clearly exposed the imperialist role
of the reformists. the following points
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-06

But RooSeVelt'S message. when it
arrived, was called stronger than
the first one"
After the receipt of new orders
from Wall Street via the White
House, the American delegation in
London expressed the opinion that
it would be best if the Economic
Conference were to be partially dis
banded" Roosevelt's second COM
murication has implanted the con-
viction that it will be impossible to
keep the Conference going at this
time
Thieves Fall Que.
The Conference, which had one
foot in the grave at the time it
met, was practically consigned to
the cemetary by Roosevelt's July 3rd
note. The failure of the Confer
ence, which the capitalist experts
and Statesmen" are now bemoaning
with suitable crocodile tears, is the
natural and inevitable outcome Of
the nature of the Conference itself,
which was from the start only one
more war move in the continuous
struggle between the imperialist
powers for new division of world
markets. London was temporary
stage for the free for all fight be-
tween the robber monopoly capital
isms of the world for new sources of
profits. Even during the Confer
ence. the fight continues to rage
on other fronts. Today, for exam
pie, the dollar dropped again on
the British exchange to over $3.50
TO the pound This wipes out all
but SO cents of the British differen-
tial advantage gained from deval-
jung the pound. tThe par rate was
S4969-
With the break up OF the Con-
ference, however, an increase Of the
most vicious forms of economic war
among the capitalists can be eX-
pected A first move was taken by
the French Chamber of Deputies
last night in voting a subsidy Of
$7,791 900 a year to the French line
which completes with u S. shipping
lines on the Atlantic route. Ship
ping subsidies. incidentally, were to
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-06

An Anti-War Rally is being held in
Baltimore, July 14th, at the Finnish
Hall, by the Marine Workers Indus
trial Union, which will be a send-off
for the delegates to the National Con-
vention in New York.
The imperialist nations are at pres
ent rushing through their war plans,
and the working class must intensity
its fight against war. The marine
industry is one of the keJ Industries
in war, and the marine workers are
IRE ones who must stop the shipments
of war material. Right today ship
after ship is carrying war material to
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-06

Japan. where war is being carried
on against the Chinese people. This
war may soon be directed at the So
Wet Union!
This Anti-War Rally is part of the
fight against imperialist war, and the
delegates will come back with plan
of action to stop shipments of NUM-
tons on the docks and ships.
Preparations are going full speed
ahead to make this Anti-War Rally
a great success. Every worker must
take part in the fight against i'm
perialist war, by supporting this Anti
War Rally and the National Conyen-
ton. We must fight against imper-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-06


were adopted: student participation
IN workers demonstrations for eco
nomlc demands, IN demonstrations
for economic demands, in demonsSra-
tons for democratic rights dreedom
of speech, press. assenlblage). in dem
onstrations against Imprisonment OF
workers for political reasons, and sup
port of the fight for liberation of
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-06

have been restricted" at the Eco
nomic Conference.
European Press Hostile.
Press comments on the break up
of the Conference were bitter both
in England and France. "To many
people," wrote the London Times,
ut seemed almost as if President
Roosevelt intended deliberately to
wreck the Conference" Sir Walter
Layton, the editor of the Economist,
writes that "the statement of Presi-
dent Roosevelt which was issued at
London, Monday morning removed
the possibility of the Conference at
tanning any of its major detectives.
The Journal dies DebatS refers to
Roosevelt as "an irritated prophet
lecturing the world The Paris Midi
describes the message as "a mix
ture of impertinence, prejudices ans
insolence" L'Intransigeant's adjec-
tive is "puerile." Most of the French
newspapers reprint Roosevelt's pre-
vious message about the necessity
for currency Sterilization to secure
prosperity, and the more recent mes
sage, side by side, asking their read
ers to pay their nickel and take
their choice.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-06

with government funds the compile
ton of what will be the largest ship
in the world, the 73,O00-ton, 1020-foot
Normandie. In May the German ship
owners, through their fascist govern
rnent, made themselves gift of 30
100000 marks as compensation for
losses in freight revenue caused by
the abandonment of the gold stand
ard by Great Britain and the United
States. Exemption from taxes, and
from the burden OF payments for So
cial insurance for the workers, are also
promised.
England whose merchant fleet has
not grown very much since 1918
promised the Cunard line financial
assistance in finishing an uncom-
pleted 10000 ton giant liner, and in
building a sister ship of the same
size.
Now the imperialist powers, recog-
nizing the futility of purely economic
struggle for mastery of marine trade,
are turning more and more to war.
Only the Marine Workers Indus
trial Union has offered any fighting
opposition to the shipowners, program
of wage cuts, naturalization, unem-
ployment, and starvation. The Ma
rine Workers Industrial Union is or
ganizing, on the ships. on the docks,
in the yards, against the war for
which the capitalist government is
preparing its marine forces. The
working masses, organized in militant
I1., IL w.
Communist Party. can stop the trans
portstion Of war materials. and avert
impending imperialist war.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-06

ing day and night in connection with
the imminent air maneuvers in May
1888. The factory-the Worcorr
writes--is making ready for an
enormous amount of appliances for
bombing planes Of the Forman sys-
tenn These airplanes can lift six
tons of appliances each and easily
fly with that load TO London. Rome
or Berlin.
Not long ago, experiments were car
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-06
A few facts. taken from only two is
sues of "Humanite" in April.
War Production Increases During
Crisis

A worker correspondent of one me-
tallurgical factory in Paris (the name
OF the Worcorr is not given for OBJ
vious reasons) writes that in that fac
tory peace" production is eyermore
being displaced by production of war
materials particularly machine gun
stands and apparatus for aiming and
correction Of shooting field pieces At
the time when other factories suffer
from the crisis, this factory received
war order, and extended its pro-
duction two times.
The big aviation factories of the
Forman Co. in Billancourt are work.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-06
French Imperialists
War Designs Are
Exposed

France, the strongest militaristic
power on the European continent and
one of the strongest in the world!
France possesses the most powerful
war industry in Europe and occupies
the first place in the world in the
expectation of munitions of war to
other countries. France is the guard
ian and pillar of the Versailles Treaty
of robbery which keeps tens of mil
lions of toilers in chains.
International Solidarity of French
Workers.
Therefore, the struggle of the
French workers against its own"
imperialism, against war prepara-
lions and intervention is of special
significance for the toiling masses Of
the whole world and particularly for
the Soviet Union. That's why the
active struggles of our French class
brothers appear to be one of the glow
ing expressions Of that international
proletarian solidarity of which we can
proudly speak today, the day of in
ternstional solidarity, May LIST.
Here we will touch upon only one
phase of this anti-war struggle-the
correspondents of LHumanite, the
worker correspondents. On its pages,
the Worcorrs expose the intensified
preparations for war, the intensified
production of ammunitions for war,
the preparing of the youth for war
and many other things about which
the bourgeois press prefers to remain
silent, to hide from the wide masses.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-06
CZECHS ELECT
RED MAJORITY
In WORKSHOP
Revolutionary Trad e
Union Wins 5 Seats
Out of Eight

PRAGUE, Czechoslovakia, June q
(by maid The factory council elec-j
tions at the Mautner textile factory
in Gruencwald had the following re-
suits: The Red Trade Unions, 343
votes and seats; reformist trade
unions 113 votes and seat; yellow
trade union, Sc votes and l seat;
Czech fascists rs votes and seat.
The Red trade unions have therefore
two seats more than the rest COM
bined. AS compared with last years
elections, the red factory council ma
jority has been consolidated, while
the social-reformists have lost votes
and one seat to the fascists.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-06
SUBSCRIPTION RATES;
Latin>American Students Join
the Anti Imberialist League

Confederation Etud
American Students Federation held to IA at
amiatng
with
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-06
Marine Industry
Prepares Jor War

THE national convention of the Marine Workers Industrial
Union to be held here in July 1913 at the most
world
Delegates to the convention will the workers in
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-06
LitvinOv Signs
New Convention
With Lithuania

LONDON. July 5.-Maxim Lit
vinov, the Foreign CommRsar of
the Soviet Union, today signed a
Lithuanian pact defining
aggression with Vaclovas Siezikaus-
kas, Lithuanian Minister to Lon
don.
After the formal signature was
affixed, Litvinov left for Paris
where a similar pact will be signed
between the Soviet Union and
France. A new Franco-RuSsian
trade agreement will also be dis
cussed.
Comrade Litvinov will then take
a short but well-merited holiday.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-06
CONFERENCE COLLAPSES
WITH DOLLAR Still FALLING
U. S. Delegation Says Impossible to Keep
Conference Going; Urges 1t to Disband
More Vicious Outbreak Of Economic War
Seen AS Result of Farley Breakup

LONDON,
decidedly
which will change everything
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-06
Worker Correspondents!
REPORT War Preparations

correspondents
"LHumanite"
mpeais
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-06
Marine Workers Will Hold Anti>War
Demonstration in Baltimore

ialist war before it breaks out! The
answer OF the working class, to the
war plans of the capitalists must in
clude the building Of a powerful Ma
rine Workers Industrial Union, real
weapon against war and for the de-
tense of the Soviet Union. Support
the Anti-War Rally, on to the Ma
tionaI Convention, July 16, II, 1S, for
strong Marine Workers Industrial
Union,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-06

Go to see every subscriber when his
subscription expires to get his re-
newai
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-06

these munitions being manufactured from and organizations
where youth being trained for
o of a
worker correspondents should enroll in the international
correspondents fighting international
the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-06

Intervention being prepared against
the Soviet Union. They report on in
creased production in munition works
and shipyards. They report on how
the young workers are being prepared
for war.
The Daily Worker also frequently
receives reports from workers on war
preparations. Most of these reports
are on shipment of munitions. These
are very valuable and we want more
of them. But we wish to stress the
importance Of receiving information
from the workers in the shops where
Evening star., 1933-04-09
SITuATIONS-WOMEN

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Evening star., 1933-04-09
THE DOORWAY
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Evening star., 1933-04-09
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Evening star., 1933-04-09

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WHOLESALE STATIONERY Bus.-Price
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Evening star., 1933-04-09

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