davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1933-02-12
BY HENRY ". LAWRENCE.

IEN the United States OF
America goes to war, the job
of the President becomes al
most impossibly dificult. Un-
der the Constitution he is COM
mander in chief Of the Army
Evening star., 1933-02-12

Gen. George Meade, sOho soon the battle
Of Gettysburg and then failed to tolloto
LincoIn's orders and destroy Lees army
before il could get back across the Pofo-
mac.
Evening star., 1933-09-03
New Ministry Proposed in Mexico
For Naval and Merchant Fleets

MEXICO CITY.-A proposal for the
creation of a separate ministry of ma
rine thus dividing the present ministry
of war and marine, was submitted last
week to President Abelardo Rodriguez.
The project calls not only for the de-
velopment of navy, but includes also
a proposal for the formation of a
merchant marine department and di-
vision for policing coastal fishing
grounds This would consolidate all
maritime activities under single de-
partment.
Under the plan, coast vigilance would
be carried on in conjunction with the
ministry of agriculture and the ministry
of finance If President Rodriguez ap-
proves the project it will be submitted
to Congress in the form Of an amend
ment to the organic law on ministries.
Budgets Would Be United.
Although the general supervision OF
the development of a merchant marine
would depend upon the new ministry
of marine. the actual organization and
promotion of details would be done by
the ministry of communications. The
proposal also would consolidate budgets
for marine purposes, which at present
are divided among several ministries.
Informed officials predict that the
new ministry will be operating by the
middle of next year, when the first
group of warships being built in Span
sh shipyards .or the Mexican govern
ment will be delivered. A total of 26
new ships, forming nucleus of Mex
ico's navy. are expected to be in oper-
alton by the end of 1884.
Delivery of the ships from Spain will
necessirate the construction OF dry
docks, shipyards and other facilities IN
Mexican ports. The governments naval
program calls for the building OF ngnt
cruisers In Mexican shipyards after the
nucleus ships are received.
Observers here forecast . rapid de-
Evening star., 1933-09-03

the producer. These producers prices
need, Just as much as wages, to be
raised. and this is the purpose of the
agricultural adjustment act, which is
the legislative companion of N. I. R. A.
1t is my belief that unless A. A. A
and N. 1. R. A. take effect together
and succeed in increasing workers and
farmers incomes, nothing else that can
be done will be of much use. I am
equally certain. however. that unless
these incomes are made more effective
by holding down the prices of goods
which workers and farmers incomes
are spent for. We shall discover pretty
soon that even increased wages for work
not large enough to take up our great
output of goods. If that happens. fac
tories will again shut down. men will
be out of work. farm prices will de-
cline; We may have another sinking
spell worse than any of those during
the past years.
I insist on the distinction between
farmers prices and retail prices be-
cause the other day in ST. Paul 1 said
to a reporter that it seemed as impor-
tant to me that commodity prices
should go down as that wages should
go up. He Immediately jumped to the
conclusion that I was asking for lower
prices for farmers products.
1t was my own fault, of course. for
not explaining completely what was IN
my mind I thought that unnecessary
in view of my own departments recent
activities. But was mistaken. Edito-
rials were written. one local politician
seized the opportunity to denounce me
and to proclaim himself by contrast
the real friend of the farmer, and on
the whole quite an incident was made
of an innocent and obvious remark
Perhaps I cannot be blamed. there
fore, for being little insistent: A.
A. A. and N. I. R. A. hope to raise
wages and farmers incomes: by in
creasing volume they hope to reduce
per unit overhead costs SO that retail
prices can be as low or lower than they
were before II this can be done fac
tories will run, there will be employ
ment, farmers will find markets at a
decent return. We shall have prosper
ity again.
But what am most afraid Of Is such
q rise in retail prices as will ruin the
whole scheme, That is what mean;
when I said that lower commodity
prices were desirable. st. Paul papers
please copy!
DOOuc$SIuS ElOus
On the day after the Chicago Boarc
of Trade removed the minimum price
from the wheat market was travelling
across North Dakota North Dakots
wanted to know what was going tt
happen to the price Of wheat. Farmer!
there were fearful, so a Fargo news.
paper men told me, lest the bottom fall
out of the market. What. they asked
did the Government propose to dc
about it? Would Washington peg the
price? No one quite knew how, the
reporter agreed. but merely wanted
me, to know the general sentiment that
something ought to be done about it
I submitted that didn't know how Il
would be done, either, beyond such
correction of the supply as would bt
accomplished by the wheat plan undel
A. A. A. I further suggested that per.
haps that was the only sound way II
could be done.
This request that the Government Dc
(contip1ed On Eighth Pase.)
Evening star., 1933-09-03

gether what none can do alone. The
public enemy of the moment Is the
low-wage payer and the price raiser. A
pointing finger will single out each one
of these gentlemen soon or late. In
the interest of avoiding that terrible
moment which many seem willing to
risk. I could wish they might make
their sacrifices now, when they count
so much for the general good.
30-Hour Standard.
Not long after a certain Westerner
had been expressing doubts concerning
the willingness of anybody to sacrif1ce
anything under the Blue Eagle drove
over one of the new mountain roads
being built in Montana under the
supervision of my department. was
made more cheerful by seeing real work
going forward there, and my cheerful
ness increased as discovered the re-
suit Of some careful thought tn Wash
ington.
On that road no man works more
than 80 hours In . week. There are
Evening star., 1933-09-03
BY REXFORD GUY TUGWELL.

"HESE notes are written beside g
mountain lake in the Far West.
have just crossed the country
L from Washington for the first
time since the beginning of the
new deal.
In Washington we heard various re-
ports. But it was difficult to get the
feel of the thing, and more difficult still
to learn what people really thought. I
cannot pretend to have made very
thorough exploration; but there are
certain impressions which. if they
seemed significant to me. may be SO
also to others. They are set down Tor
what they may be worth-a report Of
progress.
The shadow of the great Blue Eagle
lies over the cities of the East. I
found it spread across the Great Plains,
too In prairie towns of scant haf
dozen stores the Eagle is proudly dis
played. At dust-covered railroad sta
ton In North Dakota I saw three auto
mobiles drawn up to meet the train,
and all three carried the emblem.
Every one speaks of N. I. r. A. Every
one believes the Eagle will learn to
fly. I cannot honestly report. how
ever, that every one is helping to nour-
ish the bird we hope may carry our
troubles away over the mountains.
I heard reports OF factories running
long hours at low pay-stocking up
at low costs on goods to sell at high
prices throughout next year. I heard
of storekeepers cutting down hours, and
so total wages. heard Of various priv
ileges hidden under the Eagles wing;
of various attempts OF one man or
another to get some advantage for HIM
self within the code which others might
not share.
1t was disconcerting to find the gen.
eral belief that most employers were
getting off easily by some such method.
I do not know whether there is so
much of this as I heard about. Bu.
there was enough SO that I wished for
the sake Of saving face all around that
these sabotaging employers and store
son as well as I know him. He is a
strong man, fit to consort with the
Eagle. He sees far-farther than they
know who deal with him only briefly
and in a business way. His vision for
the Nation goes beyond this matter of
strict conformity to the code. And
because this code Is an incident in q
greater development, he will deal more
shortly with immediate transgressors.
This is time when Americas fu-
ture really hangs by tenuous thread;
It must not be made more tenuous
by chiselers. The revivalistic color in
Gen. Johnson's exhortations is deeply
felt. This is a time, yet, for pleading
1t is we'll to be persuaded in the interest
of later satisfaction. What may hap
pen. if his poets words are not ef-
fective. no one has stopped to consider.
But this bird of his is an eagle, not
a dove, and it carries thunderbolts In
its claws.
It is the essence Of our compact un-
der the Eagle that all should do to-
Evening star., 1933-09-03
First half.

First half
The average of exports to Cuba for
the years 1921-1925 was S18l 900. 900 a
year, and that Of the imports S299, ,5O0-
900. The decline in exports is ascribed
by authorities on the subject to the
development of many local industries
in Cuba since 1927 as part of national
policy as well as the general sharp
curtailment of international trade dur
ing the depression.
The industrial development Of re-
cent years in Cuba sprang from the
recognition by its leaders of the fact
that the nation was unnecessarily in an
untenable position economically. De-
spite its widely varied natural resources
for self-sustenance, it had remained
essentially a one-crop country like the
cotton regions of the South. depending
on the sale of its sugar aboard to pro-
vide the funds for the purchase Of
about rs per cent of the products it
needed from foreign countries
Now. because Of protection afforded
its agricultural interests, its imports
of lard, potatoes. condensed milk, meats
and like articles are decreasing. al
though it still is largely dependent on
American producers for its automobiles,
machinery, hardware, textiles. flour.
coal, mineral oil, gasoline, jute sacks
and many other articles.
Would Modify Treaties.
Despite the consistency favorable
balance of trade, agitation has been
increasing fog some years in Cuba for
modification Or abrogation Of the two
treaties which form the basis of the
relationship between the two govern
ments. These are the Commercial Con-
- iv1 ho 70
cause of the decline in the American
market for the islands sugar. and
the treaty of May %. 1903. embodying
the terms of the Platt amendment
against which political objections have
been raised Under that treaty, which
reflects obligations undertaken by the
United States in the treaty of Paris
ending the war with Spain, Cuba
agreed:
l. Never to enter into any treaty or
other foreign compact with any for
eign power or powers which will I'M
pair or tend to impair the independ-
ence of Cuba: and never to permit any
foreign control over any portion OF
| Cuba
2. Not to contract any public debt,
the interest and sinking fund charges
| for which could not be paid out Of the
|
| rent expenses Of the Cuban govern
ment.
3. That the United States may ex-
ercise the right to intervene Cd for
the preservation of Cuban independ-
ance, CD the maintenance Of gov
ernment adequate for the protection
Of life, property and individual liberty:
4. To ratify all acts Of the United
States in Cuba during United States
occupation and protect all lawful
rights then acquired by the United
States.
S. To maintain an adequate system
Of sanitation.
g.. To omit the Island Of Pines from
the boundaries Of Cuba specified in
the constitution and leave title thereto
to be adjusted BY future treaty.
Z. To enable the United states 10
Evening star., 1933-09-03
REXFORD C. TUCWELL.

two shifts day of five hours each. The
machinery, therefore. works ten hours.
This is as it should be-machinery put
ting in long hours and men short ones.
It will be this way on all roads to be
built with recovery act funds. No
man will work more than 80 hours in
a week, although the machinery does.
These are conditions which are writ
ten into the regulations which have to
be followed by all States which accept
this Federal aid. This fund is so large
$3.50, 600, ,0O0-and the work done by
its assistance will be so extensive that
this influence alone will carry US far
toward the establishment everywhere Of
a 30-hour standard. It can not come
too soon, and am glad that the Gov
eminent is doing its part. Its left hand
knows what its right hand does. It
asks no standards for others to which
1t finds itself unwilling to conform.
About this matter of increasing COM
modify prices one distinction has to be
made again and again. What Is meant
Is retail prices. not prices received by
Evening star., 1933-09-03
American Woman Plans
To Study Savage Tribes

HONOLULU, Hawaii.-Prepared for
a years stay among some of the Wild
est savages on earth, Mrs. Richard
Thurnwald of New York and New
Haven is in Honolulu picking out
feminine articles that otherwise she
must do without for year or more
She and her husband. DR.. Richard
Thurnwald, . noted anthropologist, will
sail in few days for New Guinea and
the Solomon Islands, and will be be-
yond civiliza1on for months at time:
They plan to penetrate jungle and
mountain sections never before visited
by white people.
DR.. Thurnwald who recently COM
pleted a years lecture course at Yale,
already has spent six years. at various
periods, in the Solomon group. Mrs.
Thurnwad is one Of the foremost liv.
ing woman anthropologists, and will
continue studies previously begun OF
the women Of the little known Kai
tribes.
tCocyright. 1882,
Evening star., 1933-09-03

and other laws enacted to meet a grave
emergency affecting the whole Nation
were intended to help labor. as well as
the owners and managers of industry.
But nobody is going to help labor per-
manently except labor itself No law
can permanently benefit those who will
not help themselves. Recognition of
that fact Is bringing about the organ
ization of labor throughout the coun-
try on an unprecedented scale. And
as labor becomes more cohesive through
wider and better organization, and OBJ
tains its just share Of the fruits of its
toll. the whole Nation will benefit. The
years of national prosperity conceded
Evening star., 1933-09-03

and spend should stimulate additional
employment But, though labor can
glimpse a clearing of the skies. the
ominous cloud of widespread unenploy
ment has not yet been dispersed.
Labor and the Nation as a whole
have made important gains during the
last few months, since the dark days
of early March But we need 70 make
much more progress if we are even to
hold the ground already won. That
progress cannot be made unless labor
organizes and marches forward in uni
son. united for the common welfare.
The national industrial recovery act
Evening star., 1933-09-03

velopment of Mexico's maritime or
ganization, including the navy. within
the term of a six-year plan, which CO.
incides with the Presidents term.
starting in 1884. The program calls for
the development of farther and more
adequate coastwise freight and pas
senger services and national develop
ment of marine resources. Increased
trade between the United States and
Mexico also is expected to result from
the program A closer commercial re-
lationship with the Far East also is
hoped for.
(Copyrieht 1881
Evening star., 1933-09-03

From an Etching by James E. Allen
with high-wage period As We move
back into a period of adequate COM
pensation for productive toll. We will
restore lost buying power and be rid
of the specter of widespread nnerploy-
ment.
In the formulation OF codes at Wash
ington there is no danger Ct making
wages too high. There is danger in
the possibility of establishment of min
imum wage scales too low Wages in
America never have been high as COM
pared with the lower rates Of pay in
other countries of the high
productivity of our working men and
Continued on Eighth Page)
Evening star., 1933-09-03
OF Course,

From ~ Lowell Evening Leadss.
A small octopus was picked up the
other day of Staten Island. Probably
1t had wandered away from the region
of Wall Street.
Evening star., 1933-09-03
Another Rope.

From the Yakima Daily Republic.
Machado, former President of Cuba,
finally reached the end Of his rope, but
It was not the kind Of rope that his
enemies hoped for.
Evening star., 1933-09-03

"A YEW hope Hghtens the dawn Of
N Labor day. 1888. for many mil
VI lions of men and women who
l form the working class of
America. That hope is inspired
Dy the belief that the new deal at
Washington will result in a square deal
for labor-for the great mass Of the
people of the United States.
Nearly two million people have been
removed from the army of unemployed
since March. The wages and salaries
Evening star., 1933-09-03

Note-This is the first in
series of articles, DESIGN FOR
GOVERNMENT" By DR.. ReTtord
Guy TugTeH, Assistant Secretary
OF Agriculture and close economic
adsiUer to President Roosevelt.
Evening star., 1933-09-03

.HESE notes are written beside
mountain lake in the Far West.
I have just crossed the country
from Washington for the first
time since the heQinninQ of the
Evening star., 1933-09-03

CONTINUED on Eighth Page. }
The Daily Alaska empire., 1933-10-19
ALBERT PUT ON
 STAND TO TELL
 HIS OWN STORY
Indian, Accused of Murder, Reconstructs Shooting
 Story for Jury

Richard Albert, 28year-old Yaku- tat Indian, today took the stand in his own behalf, telling the story of how and why he shot and killed Sam Henninger last January IA at Italio River, for which he was indicted for first degree murder and on which charge the Govern ment now seeks a capital verdict. He was called to the witness stand at 10:20 am. by his attorney, William L. Paul He told his story, in response to questioning, through an interpreter, Mrs. Cropley, as he speaks English too sketchily to be readily understood.
 Says Feared Death
 He alleged he had been threat ened on several previous occasions by the man he shot, and that when he shot and killed him in the Italio River cabin where they had been staying for several days with others, Henninger was advancing on him with his hands clenched.
 Why did you shoot him?" asked MT. Paul.
 He was coming after me, that's why I shot him." replied Albert. The defense's claim of an illicit love affair between Mrs. Albert and Henninger cropped out several times during the morning, but no evidence has been offered on that contention up to short time before the noon recess
 Says Will Prove It
 On one occasion, when the jury had been excused during an argu- ment over the admissability of cer- tain evidence, MT. Paul said Albert would testify before he left the stand that on July 4, 1882, several months before the shooting, he had caught his wife and Henninger in an illicit love scene"
 On several occasions after that time, when he had spoken to his wife in Henninger's presence, the latter had intervened in a pro- prietary manner and threatened AL bert. And the latter testified to one such occasion on a Yakutat stretch, several months before the killing when Henninger had said If you follow us (Henninger and Mrs. AlberD again, you are going to get something" And that Hen- ninger had amplified that by say ing: T will make you cold with my own hands"
 Tells of Shooting
 Albert opened his testimony by
The Daily Alaska empire., 1933-10-19

It called Geddes and Frances last Tuesday. Frances was recalled for a single question this morning. w.. H. Dugdell, United States Commis- sioner, and Don Martin, Office Deputy United States Marshal here, were called today to identify the rifle, a 30-30 caliber. It and four loaded and one empty cartridge were introduced into evidence.
 Geddes, Tuesday, testified he was reading a magazine with his back to the occupants of the room and didn't see the shooting. He ar rested Albert after the shooting and took him to Yakutat.
 He said all of the occupants of the cabin had been drinking sour dough" preceding the shooting. There had been some talk, in In- dian language, which he didn't understand, but apparently there was no quarreling.
 Frances said there had. been no particular quarrel. All of them had been drinking, only Geddes didn't drink much. Albert had been urging his wife to get in bed with Henninger.
 Albert, he added, was pacing back and forth and once, when it looked like there was going to be trouble when Albert was getting mad, he had grabbed him. Henninger was on his bed then. Albert had got away from him, walked over and picked up the rifle and shot Hen ninger who had arisen from the bed and walked over to the table He said the latter had made no attempt to attack Albert.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1933-10-19
USE TEAR GAS
 ON PICKETS.IN
 PENNSYLVANIA
Strikers Use Carpet Nails in Attempt to Pune
 ture Auto Tires

CHESTER, Penn, Oct. 19.-A barrage of tear gas was laid down by the police last night to dis perse crowd of pickets at the Ford Motor Company's assembly plant.
 The gas was fired at 300 strikers watching a point near the plant as the workers left in automobiles.
 A short time before the police cleaned up carpet nails that had been laid in the streets which the workers would take in riding home in their cars from the plant.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1933-10-19

describing the shooting. He, Mrs. Albert, Henninger, William Geddes and an Indian named Ernest Fran ces were all in the cabin. It was on the afternoon of January 15 he said, and it was dark.
 As told through the interpreter in response to his counsel's ques- tions, his story substantially fol- lows
 q was standing by the bed my wife was sleeping on. I was trying to awaken her, talking to her. said get up, what do you want to go to bed so quick for?
 Sam was on his bed. When l said that to my wife he got up. He walked over. to a table. I re- membered him saying he was go- ing to get me by his hands.
 T ran over by the door. I look ed back and saw him coming by the table, coming towards me with his hands clenched.
 Picked Up Rifle
 q ran to the door and saw the rifle by the door 1 grabbed the gun and held it towards Sam because I wanted to scare him, tc stop him. But he didn't stop.
 Then I pulled the trigger and fired the gun. I didn't know there were any shells in it."
 The Governments case was brief
The Daily Alaska empire., 1933-10-19
$ FACT

(. BeIieUe tt or not I'Ue found something netU m BRIUG E PRIZES! And I liked tt so iUeH I bought one for myself" says Mrs. Contract.
 -" dropped into Races new store on the corner, and found this quart size cocktail shaker filled with Imperial Candy Company's famous Society Brand Hard Candy and when they told me the price, and that six glasses went along with it, l knew the miracle was accomplished and ] had DIFFERENT bridge prize. I just couldn't refrain from having them wrap up another one for our own use. The candy is delicious, and lasting, and the shaker is artistic, good looking and practical .. really you should go right down to Races and get one before they are all gone.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1933-10-19
DOUBLE EVENT
 IS ON TONIGHT
A. L. Auxiliary to Install Officers Then Enter
 tain Legionnalres

All members of the American Legion both of the Alfred John Bradford Post and visiting mem bers are invited to attend a social to be held at o'clock tonight in the Legion Dugout at which the incoming officers of the Aux Hilary will be hostesses. Cards, refreshments and an informal so- cial evening will be enjoyed by those who attend.
 Preceding the social, a short business meeting and installation of officers will be held by the Auxiliary and members are re- quested to be on hand at 7:45 o'clock in order that the business may be concluded by 8 o'clock.
 Incoming officers of the Aux Hilary. who will be hostesses this evening, following their installa- ton are:
 President, Mrs. Edith Bavard, (who now is visiting in Califor- nia) First Vice President, Mrs. Waino Hendrickson; Second Vice President, Mrs. John Mccormick; Secretary Treasurer, Mrs. Vic Man vile; Historian, Mrs. Earl F. Wat kins: Sergeant-at-Arms, Mrs. AL fred Zenger.
 The social evening will start at 800 o'clock, and all members of the American Legion and Auxiliary are urged to attend as extensive plans have been made for a thor ough1y enjoyable affair.
 The executive committee to be installed consists of Mrs. Ernest M. Polly, Mrs. R. w. Raven and Mrs. Harry Stonehouse.