davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-13
COMMUNISTS IN
PHILIPPINES
WIN TWO SEATS
Elect Candidates to
Representatives,
Despite Terror

MANILA, Philippines, March 26
by MaiD Two Communist candi-
dates have been elected to the Phil
ippine House of Representatives This
victory was achieved in spite of re-
peated attempts to drive the Phil
tppine Communist Party into illegal
ity, and in spite of the closing OF
Communist headquarters in Manila.
The Y.C.L. answered this suppression
by working under cover through the
Andres Bonifacio League.
Conlrade Robes, who was running
under the Communist banner, for
the goVernorship Of the province of
Bulacan, was defeated by marrow
margin.
Due to conditions of partial Illegal
lty, the two comrades elected we're
forced to run on nationalistic plat
form. This omission was remedied
by explaining by word of mouth to
all workers the Communist basis of
the Philippine struggle for freedom.
The election of two Communist
representatives out of a House of
Representatives Of ninety represents
an enormous achievement. To the
Philippine Party belongs the honor
OF having elected the first Comnun-
ist on a national scale within the
present territory Of the United States.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-13
From the Successful First Five Year Plan,
Soviet Workers Pass to the Second

tive farms still depend upon the con-
tinusd class struggle against the ku
lax influence in the villages. The
class of kulaks has been defeated,
now the kulak influence in the col
lectives has to be wiped out. This ap-
pears to be the first and foremost
task now facing the leading ele-
ments in the villages.
The results Of the open class war
fare against the kulaks, when the
latter resisted the collectivization
movement, are beyond doubt: the
masses of poor and middle peasants
won out and the socialist form of
production t:iulnpacd ever the small
scale capitalist form.
But the costs of that phase Of the
class struggle are still felt. The
wholesale slaughter of cattle carried
out by the kulaks in their fight
against collectivization resulted in a
shortage of meat and dairy products,
which is still serious. 1t will be q
couple of years before the extensive
program of cattle breeding will be
developed to a point of assuring the
entire population q plentiful supply
of these staples. The meat situation,
however, is getting better and better
as may be seen by the increasing
meat rations for industrial workers
and their families.
Ready to Realize Possibilities
The Year Plan has created
the organizational and material basis
for a vast extension of agriculture,
for a greatly increased productivity
of the soil with consequent increase
in the total output of foodstuffs and
raw materials. 1t is during the sec
ond Five-Year Plan that these posi-
bilities will be fully realized.
The collective farms need strength
ening not only politically (eliminat-
ing the class influence of the ku-
laks) but also technically and or
ganizationally. More farm experts
and skilled mechanics are needed;
the production of tractors and agpi-
cultural machinery MIST be deVel-
oped still more to meet the needs of
the entire country. The fertilizer in
oustry, too, is only in its beginnings.
The further extension of the heavy
industry (coal, metal, auto and ma
chine building) is still an urgent ne
cessity in order to realize fully the
possibilities of the reconstructed rural
economy.
But the achievements Of the first
Five Year Plan have already created
the basis for great increase of the
agricultural output with consequent
further improvement of the material
level of the population.
The Five-Year Plan, too, has Gre
ated the basis for an enormous ex-
tension of the light industry with a
view to meeting the constantly in
creasing demand "a result of the
improved living standards) OF the
entire population. (The shortage of
manufactured goods and the prob
LENS Of tho light industry will be
discussed in a succeeding article.)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-13

MOSCOW, April u (From Our
Moscow Correspondent With re-
gard to the forthcoming negotiations
to be held at Washington, the news
paper For Industrialization" writes:
"The very list Of countries to whom
invitations were. sent shows that at
Washington not only the debt situa-
ton will be discussed, but the whole
complex of economic questions now
confronting the world, and also a
number of political questions beyond
the limits of the agenda Of the future
London World Economic Confer
ence.
ut is by no means impossible that
the calling by the U. S. A. to Wash
ington Of representatives of various
states to carry out preliminary work
for the London Conference Is con-
nected with the State Departments
worries over the scheme Of Euro
pean Directory which American
public opinion cannot help seeing as
the next attempt at the organization
of a united European front against
America"
U. 8. 8. r. Not Invited
Eass newspaper FOX Irdustriaraa
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-13
Lord Esmondon, Naval
Advisor for England,
Buying Ships Here
by a Worker Correspondent

BROOKLYN, N. Y.-Lord Es-
mondon, formerly Sir Frederick
Lewis, long active In the shipping
and industrial life Of England, has
been engaged during the last several
months In buying up all the ships
he can lay his hands on and charter
ing those he cannot buy.
The press recently reported one
phase Of his work In negotiating q
merger of the Cunard and white
Star Lines.
Esmondson's activity in acquiring
all the available shipping in England
is so extensive that It reminds ono
OF similar activity by Lord Kylsant
Englands former shipping nagnate
in 1914, before the World War
Lord Esnnondsons action Is the
more significant since he has re-
Gently been appointed civilian sd-
tssr 10 ts-e Etttssa AearnlrstcT.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-13
"Washington Conference Without Us,
AGAINST U.s., Says Moscow Press

ton" calls attention to the fact that
the U. S. S. r. has lot been invited
TO participate in the Washington
negotiations. 1t writes further: 1T is
quite natural that this circumstance
cannot help arousing perplexity in
the Soviet Union. It is incompre-
hensible to see how 1t should be pos
sible to discuss, with any chances of
success, world economic problems,
with the u s. s. r. excluded. How,
for example, can you speak of in
ternational agreements in the world
wheat market without one of the
most important world-exporters be-
ing present?
How is 1t possible to outline in any
seriousness schemes for the s.pan-
sion Of the International trade tunn-
over without the participation Of n
country which occupies onc.sixth Of
the whole globe? This exclusion s
the more difficult to understand,
since the capitalist world is becom-
ing ever increasingly submerged in
crisis, while the U. s. S. r., after
successfully fulfilling It's first Five
Year Plan, is still growing and build
Ing, and thereby steadily increasing
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-13

killed
The wave of arrests has spread
from the extreme left to the center
and right. The leaders Of the bour-
geois- Landlord parties, who advocate
merely a constitutional kingdom, are
being suppressed and imprisoned. In
addition the most prominent leaders
Of the eois-revolutionary move
meuts are in Jail
The Balkan Anti-Fascist Commit
tee is holding an indoor protest DEM
onstration on May Z, at 2:30 pm,
at 1903 W. oath ST, New York City.
JugoslaYia is a member of the
French controlled Little Entente.
With the growth Of the Italo-Austro-
German political block, Jugoslavia is
preparing for inter mperialist war on
the basis of consolidating her die
tatorship on more openly fascist
lines. The upsurge OF the revolution
airy movement of the peasant and
proletarian masses, thanked by ma
tional-revolutionary activity in
Croatia and Herzegovina, therefore
becomes even more dangerous to the
Serbian rulers than before, and rouses
their most extreme efforts st sup
preston,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-13

British Minister uses two measures,
adopts two tactics.
ut is furthest from our intention
TO prompt England to these or those
tactics against Germany. This whole
affair interests us merely as one new
and sufficiently striking illustration
Of the fact that the anti-Soviet cam
paign of England in connection with
the trial Of the Metropolitan Vickers
employees, and the measures intended
by the British government, are die
tated by motives which have nothing
in common with the interests of the
British subjects WHO are the defend
ants in the trial.
'',r1e British government is obey
ing the wishes of anti-Soviet circles,
and Is making use Of this trial to
Illustrate trade relations with the
U.S.S.R. and pursure an open course
Of policy hostile to the Soviet Union."
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-13
Da Pont Starting New
Rayon Plants inWash.;
Can Make Gun Cotton
BY a Worker Correspondent. J

PORT ANGELES, Wash.-The
Olympic Forest Products Co. has
shipped In 500 tons of new machinery
purported to be for the manufacture
81 celophanc and rsyon. There Is a
barrage Of demagogy IN regard to
starting Up soon.
Some comrades here, including
myself, link up celophane and rsyon
with gun cotton and other NUM-
tons. Also Du Pont controls the
patent rights on these two products
The above, in conjunction with the
initiation of the new state relief set
Up this week, and the organizing Of
The United Veterans couple OF
weeks ago, smells like fish to us and
we in the Unemployed Council are
consolidating our organization bo
light Tbs fsse4ss see~s b DTS s4s-
tric+. ~ s-,---,..
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-13
Children Protest
Nazis Saturday

NEW YORK.-The following Or
CARNATIONS issued call yesterday
to their members and local branches
to support the childrens parade and
protest demonstration against fas-
ciSm and pogroms in Germany, to be
held this Saturday afternoon. The
demonstration will march to Union
Square from Seventh st. and Ave. A
at IL noon.
The organizations also call upon
their affiliates to discuss the protest
meet at their meetings prior to Sat
urday and to urge all their members
to have their children participate:
City Central Committee, Tnterna-
tional Workers Order.
Unemployed Council 81 Greater
New York.
United Council Of Working Class
Women.
Trade Union Unity Council Of
Greater New York.
Needle Trades Workers Industrial
Union.
City Committee OF the Workers
Clubs.
IGOR
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-13
RED UNITY LIST WINS IN GERMAN
SHOP ELECTIONS DESPITE TERROR
Nazis Launch Campaign Of Atrocities in
Revenge; Stewards Jailed, Abused

prpTrN Anvil 10 I'm N6orct, 81
the election, for tho factory cor,,,,it
tee If the Osram works foot nIace
Tn snite of the Nazi terror the Red
T1ritv T,ist won a convincing victory
The results are.
(forrrerIv a.
Reforr,ist list a7e votes scots
formerly I'M
Nazi Ijst-3as votes . seats
SAAppp1rpcKEN cermn
Anvil 10 TIE Co,,3r,,,,,ist ro,.+,- ;s
dietrib,,fi,, t,,,,dreg,e - +ho,ss,,,9s of
Illegal IsaT1ets and Il IesdinT tba
STRUGGLES Of the factory workers
nc uo~lrery ~ non,,obere,,s 90
Karisrueha rreye,,tad tha yictin,izs-
tion NJ two revol,,tIo1,a,.v rrortSers ~,
nroc,a iroin5 tboi,. 80 di,oss ~ st,,,1e
=, parIi,9 Mo,,toai,, H. ,,.o ori tH~
went ~, s+r,,,e v,+I,a,, r+o,.,,, 1890,
,,,,,t;1atad n,o,, 49,, SV ua,,,
r,ort,a~ Tq,s -,oI;no =" 49, $500 ~ J
80, a.. -. 80. ~ go 80 ~
The Red Unity List has obtained
considerable successes against thr
Nazis in several factory council cleo.
tions. eg in the Gas Works of Ber.
lin in the Textile works Wagner in
Berlin Freidericbshain in the weav-
ing MillzelI (Westnhs1ia1 etc
BERITN AnriI 2 CRv Mail, THE
Nazi drive to contro, The trade nr;ons
Is beinp carried ont hv means of IN
tensified Terror and is deveIonino
mass resistsnce on tbe mart of The
German 1roIetariat ana local united
fiohtino fronts in fhe factories no.
ems of casae of Maj a,raetr and for
fire of ComnI,nisf and Socialist sbor
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-13

its International political and eco
nonaic Importance.
Be On The Alert!
One Of two things must be true:
either the members to be present at
the forthcoming Washington nego-
tiations treat these negotiations with
a complcte lack of seriousness, be-
lieving that there is scant possibility
of achieving any concrete results; or
else these States are striving to at
tain objects which would be rather
awkward to discuss in the presence
of the U.S.SR.
In these circumstances, il is ma
tural that we cannot but be greatly
Oh the alert concerning the forth
coming conycr@o TORS in Weshinqton.
Many t.1}cs -9ady attempts have
been made TO ind a solution to the
sore problems OF the capitalist world
st the expense OF the U.S.S.R. Our
rich experience in the past gives us
sufficient reason for thinking that g.
similar attempt will be made this
time Public opinion in the Soviet
Union Is Justified in saying. With
out us--Consequently against ass
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-13
By NATHANIEL BUCHWALD
Daily Worker Correspondent

MO need denying the food difficult
" ties in the Soviet Union. The
basic foodStuffs are still rationed out,
and many items of food are hard to
obtain. There is a shortage of meat,
fats, eggs and dairy products. While
the Soviet workers eat three meals q
day, the very process Of obtaining
food is sometimes irksome, and takes
up much of the leisure of the workers.
Does that mean that with respect
failed? BY no means. There is more
food produced and consumed now III
to food the Five Year Plan has
the Soviet Union than before the
war. Then why the shortage? The
answer is simple: there is not enough
of everything for everybody
In the good old times" of CAPT
talism and Czarist rule it was quite
normal for the great majority Of
the population to live in a state Of
perpetual semi-starYation. In the re-
gions hit by crop failures Ga fire.
quent occurrence in old RUSSIA
peasants died Of starvation by the
thousands.
When crops we're good, the peas
ants had to give up most of their
grain and produce in payment of
taxes and rents. The peasants toiled
so that the landlords and the CAPT
talist5 might eat.
Hunted Jobs in Winter
After harvest time the peasants
were forced to look for winter en-
ployment in the cities in order to
keep body and soul together. In the
cities they joined the ranks Of the
unemployed or miserably underpaid
workers.
Starvation, unspeakable congestion
and perpetual want--this was the lot
Of the peasants and workers alike. In
those days there was no food or goods
shortage on the market. AS in the
capitalist countries today, the stores
were fairly bursting with food and
good things while the mass of the
population starved. The market had
enough goods to supply the needs
of the well-to-do, but the masses of
Ihe Golilng population could not az
ford to still their hunger or satisfy
their elementary wants.
The good old days" are gone,
never to return. The millions of So
Wet workers and peasants would
fight to their last gasp to beat off
the danger of return of the old re-
gine. Under the Soviet rule, all those
who work can afford to eat and wear
clothes and shoes.
Before the Revolution only the
kHisk, the hard driving exploiter of
the village, could afford to wear
leather boots. Now every peasant has
the price OF pair of boots.
Homemade lapti (sandals made Of
bark and coarse homespun clothes
used to be the rule in the Soviet
village. Now they are the exception.
Demands Now Greater
The living standards hsTe risen
tremendously, the demand tor food
and goods has grown to such an ex-
tent that at the present stage OF
reconstruction 1t Is still Impossible
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-13

to satisfy all OF the needs OF ali OF
the population.
This is the explanation Of the sit
uation, but an explanation Is in it
self not solution. The Soviet work
ers are out to solve this shortage of
food and goods and to meet the grow
ing demand which came into being
with the Improvement of the living
standards. The Five Year Plan was
designed precisely for the purposes
of making IL possible to satisfy the
rising demand Of the masses Of the
population, and the Ffve-Year Plan
has proved successful precisely be-
cause it has created the basis for a
vast extension both of agricultural
output and the production Of goods
Of immediate use.
Basis for Progress Laid
I already pointed out in previ-
Gus article that the upbuilding of
the heavy (basic) industries and
the reconstruction Of agriculture on
a socialist basis elimination Of the
exploiting kulak-class, collective and
state farms, large scale production,
the Use of modern agricultural ma
cflinsly, etc. have created the pos
sibility for still more rapid devel-
opment Of the Eight industry" pro-
ducing articles OF consumption and
OF the farm industry producing food
stuffs and raw materials for the
The "Samotyok" Policy
But 1t would be a dangerous mis-
take to think that the increase in
the production Of foodstuffs and raw
materials will come of itself, as an
automatic result OF collectivization
1t is precisely this mistake that has
resulted in much damage on the
farms and has hindered the very
development and strengthening of
the solhozeS collective FARMS and
sovhozes Estate FARMS. In the So
Wet Union they have special word
to designate this policy of letting
things take their natural course
They call it "samotyok," and the
"samotyok" policy has been the bane
of agriculture in many a section OF
the country.
Now, what is the situation on the
Soviet farms? The Five Year Plan
has resulted in tremendous gains, in
great triumphs Of the socialist form
of agriculture. The collective and
state farms now embrace so per cent
of the entire peasantry, with nearly
80 per cent of the total sowing area.
About 100 thousand tractors are
available for the Soviet fields and
farms.
The production Of fertilizers,
though still in its beginnings, is al
ready sufficient to increase greatly
the productivity Of the soil.
New Sources of Power.
The development of q vast electric
power industry has made it possible
to utilize new sources Of power for
the extension of farming. The SOW
ing area has been increased by tens
OF millions Of hectares in the course
OF the last four years
In a word-the Five Year Plan has
created the possibility Of increasing
the farm output to such an extent as
to satisfy the needs Of the entire
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-13

. N@NNNU 80 49, ESN+ANo
of the Indictment.
Thornton, Gregory, Monk
house, Nordvau and Cushny, British
officials and employees of Vickers,
pleaded not guilty.
The trial opened at neon before a
special session of the Supreme Court
Of the Union of Socialist Soviet Re
publics.
The Indictment.
The Indictment charges whole
group Of engineers and technicianS,
including six British subjects, en-
ployes of Metropolitan Vickers, with
WrecAng equipment and diSorgan-
izing production in several power
plants in U.S.S.R. The earlier actions
OF the indictment also contain
charges of gathering information Of
military and state Importance for
antl-Soviet use.
The court session was opened by
Presiding Judge Ulrich, sitting be-
tween two other judges: Ludwig Mar
tens and Dmitriev (Martens was de-
ported from U. S. A. in 1921 by the
Wilson Administration
The prosecution staff was headed
by Vishinsky, prosecutor of the Rus
sian Socialist Federated Soviet Re
public, with Roginsky as assistant.
The defense lawyers, representing
individual defendants or groups of
them, included outstanding Soviet
lawyers like Smernov, Braude, HON.
utov, and Dolmatov.
No Sign of Bad Treatment.
Five minutes before noon the de-
PENDANTS began entering the defend
ants box. First came the British:
Thornton, Macdonald, Nor6wal,
Kushny. Gregory, and Nfonkhouse.
The last is the head of the Moscow
branch of Metropolitan ickers.
Some displayed marked nervous
ness; other affected ca1mness and
nonchalance, but all defendants,
British and Soviet citizens alike, ap-
peared in excellent health. This at
once belied the absurd inventions in
the bourgeois press abroad, particu-
lsrly in the British, concerning 'tor-
turing of the defendants by the
OGPU during the investigation.
The opening session was marked by
the presence Of large number of
foreign correspondents and diplomats.
October Hall, where the trial is held,
seats only about 500; mora than half
Of the seats were occupied by for
eign correspondents and diplomats.
Simple formalities marked the
opening OF the trial, The audience
tsood up at the request of the court
attendant when the judges mounted
the platform, entering from the rear
door.
Presiding Judge Ulrich then asked
the audience to be seated and de-
clared the session open. Calling the
names Of the defendants, and ask
ing them routine questions concern
ing their names, age, occupations,
etc, consumed only a few minutes.
The defense offered no objection to
the composition of the court, and
the trial was on.
One Of the defendants could not
appear and his case will be tried
separately at a later date. With
the exception Of Gregory, all Of the
British defendants speak Russian,
and dispensed with the aid of an
interpreter.
About 10 minutes past noon, the de-
Tense clerk began reading the IN
dictment.
Upon presentation of the indict-
ment, the court adopted a motion Of
the prosecuting attorney, the defense
not opposing, as to the order in
which questions would be considered:
beginning with e consideration of
questions concerning the zlatoust
Power Station, then the remaining
power houses, concluding with the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-13

point in the indictment concerning
the Moscow Bureau of Metropolitan
Vickers. The President of the court
questioned the defendants one after
the other as to how they plead. Is
defendants, including the British
engineer Macdonald, plead uilty on
all the points Of tn indictment.
engineer Macdonald, pleaded guilty
on all the points Of the indictment
thornton, Gregory, MonkhouSe,
evening.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-13
STUDENTS VOTE ON WAR

NEW YORK, April 12-The Inter
collegiate Disarmament Council, with
headquarters in this city, announced
Monday that it had begun a poll to
determine how students in $50 col
leges stand on the question Of par
ticipation in war. The ballot limits
the vote to three questions ID Oppo-
sition to all war; % Support of war
If mainland of U. S. is invaded, and
80 Support of war approved by the
President and declared by Congress.
Students who support the revolu-
tionary movement will vote against
all imperianst war, but will also state
that they will fight in revolution
airy war and will support wars OF
oppressed peoples against the i'm
perialist powers.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-13
BRITISH SABOTAGER CONFESSES
BRITISH GOVERNMENT USING TRIAL
TOFRUSTRATE TRADE RELATIONS
WITH U.SS.R., IZVESTIA CHARGES
Gable From Our Moscow Correspondent

MOSCOW, April I'm connection with Sir John Simon's
reply the House of Commons to the question asked by Mr..
Cox concerning the arrest of the six British engineers the
vesa writes he government of the USR has arrested
several British subjects and has presented to them definite
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-13
Jugo SlaV NaVdI
Sailors Mutiny
in 2 Main Bases
Government Fearing Army Will Revolt Hires
White Guard Russians TO Patrol Borders
Savage Repression and Arrests Visited on the
Communists and Nationalist Groups

VIENNA, April
toned
led die
tatorship.
Personal letters
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-13
II in All Admit
Wrecking of the
Workers Machines
Court Opens with All Defendants in Good
Health, Disproving Torture" SANDER

A
Ust station
with Thornton, another power
plotting
the transmission
Macdonald
o boys"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-04-13
(From Our Moscow Correspondent

MOSCOW, U.SS.R, April 1.-THE British engineer W.
H. Macdonald and eleven of the Russian engineers employed
by Observation-Disclosures Co. pleaded guilty today of sabotage
and espionage when they called trial in the October
Hair Of the Trade Union House here TODAY They confessed