davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-10-18
By CYRIL BRIGGS

No one can read the October issue
of the Labor Defender without be-
ing impressed with its graphic rec
ord of the growing drive to fascism
in this country, and the heroic re-
sistance Of the working class as
shown in the increasing wave OF
strikes against the N. R. A. starya-
ton codes. One is also greatly I'M
pressed with the splendid makeup
of this pictorial record of Labor's
struggles, and amazed that such an
excellent magazine, loaded with vital,
informative articles and pictures, can
be sold at 80 low price as five cents.
Despite the reduction in price, the
magazine is today more attractive
than ever.
There are articles and pictures OF
the revolutionary struggles Of the
totling Cuban masses and the armed
attacks by U. s. imperialism and its
Cuban puppets seeking to crush the
resistance of the Cuban toilers. The
N. r. A. codes and the Nazi anti
labor laws are shown to be Signifi-
cantly similar in an article by Isl
dor Schneider. Sasha Small con-
tributes smashing exposure of the
Reichstag frame-up with irrefutable
proof OF Nazi responsibility for the
ReichStag arson for which four Com
munist leaders are now facing death
in the most infamous trial in history.
Comrade Small points out that the
q Iyv1n IN dc
country, and are regularly used
against the oppressed Negro People
and ASiatic workers on the West
Coast The familiar Red Bogey is
also dragged out upon occasion by
American capitalism.
Therber Mel in Daily Life In Fas-
cist Germany gives vivid picture
Of the murderous excuses of the
Brown Terror, which assumes a null
titude Of forms and creeps into the
daily life of one and ALL"
In Prison Labor in the U. S. A."
j. B. Thompson contrasts the brutal
treatment and exploitation of pris-
oners in the United States, with the
methods Of the Soviet Union, whose
primary aim is not to penalize and
punish offenders, but ito remake
criminal elements into useful citi-
zens OF the Soviet Union" "Ameri-
can jails are places of punishment
land bitter exploitation of prison
labor. Soviet prisons are educa-
tional institutions"
Other articles deal with the New
Mexico miners strike, the lynch ter
ror in the United States, the recent
U. s. Congress Against War, the
Great Steel Strike Of 1919. The Life
Stories of Ruby Bates and Lester
Carter, the two star defense wit
nesses in the world famous Scots
boro Case, are continued with grip
ping installments which not only de-
pict the individual experiences and
struggles of these two Southern
workers, but expose the whole sys-
tenn of national oppression of the
Negro masses, jim-crow isolation of
the Negroes, and terrific exploitation
of both the Negro and white toilers.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-10-18
Birth of Harlem
Work School
Raises NeaV Needs
BY SIDNEY BLOOMFIELD

The Workers School in Harlem Is
no longer wish. Hard work on the
part of the friends OF the Workers
School made it possible. Every night
at 200 w. 135th St., in Harlem, class
es are in session. Some Of the classes
are over-crowded, and this Is but the
birth OF the Harlem Workers School.
Negro workers and intellectuals
and Latin-American workers pre-
dominate, which proves that the
most exploited and militant section
of the proletariat forms the basis of
the Workers School student body, and
the revolutionary movement in Har-
lem Is in this way training TIA best
forces.
So poor are the students that the
requirement of revolutionary theory
Is accomplished in spite Of ins,r-
mountable obstacles. Books and
pamphlets that are so necessary for
study are luxuries because Of lack of
money with which to buy the cheap
est literature. A little reading library
is now being established at the school
in effort to solve this problem. Funds
are being raised for the purpose of
establishing scholarship fund to
pay the tuition for the most active
workers and to stock up the library.
The Workers School and the
Friends of the Workers School are
arranging grand concert and dance
Saturday night, Oct. 81, at the New
Harlem Casino, 116th st. and Lenox
Ave. This is in celebration OF the
opening of the Workers School In
Harlem and to raise the sorely need
ed funds
An elaborate program is arranged
for this affair. Besides dancing till
morning to the seven piece Liberator
Orchestra, there will be the New
Dance Group, the Liberator Chorus.
the Theatre of the Workers School
and other features.
Tickets are on sale now at the
Workers School, IS E. 18th St.: the
Harlem Workers School, 200 W. l35th
ST, and at the Workers Book Shop.
so E. 18th st.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-10-18
Theatre Collective
Needs Manager and
Promotion Advisor

NEW YORK. - Formulating its
plans for the present season at a
recent meeting, the Production
Council Of the Theatre Collective an
nounces that It has officially decided
to conduct its organization on as
professional a basis as possible. For
this purpose it plans to enlist the
services of business manager and
promotion advisor.
1T is essential for the Collective
TO have for this position an exper-
fenced and expert workers theatre"
member of the Production Coun-
Gil said yesterday, las well as one
thoroughly acquainted with the revo-
lutionary theatre. The Collective in
tends to pay as much as it can af-
ford for these services. Any reader
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-10-18

slightly reactionary in effect, but
with certain theatrical possibilities.
Broadway turns it into a vehicle for
a hot-cha artist, Miss Lenore Uric.
In this transformation. an actress
once full of promise and genuinely
attractive as well as gifted, mas
querades vulgarly like an. empty
headed Bronx stenographer initiating
Miss Lenore Uric. Everything is
cheapened, degraded, robbed of every
last vestige of intelligence, invention,
humor or charm. It is a fair ex-
ample of Broadway commodity
duction. a
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-10-18
WABC--S6O Kc.

TOO P.M.-Myrt and Marge.
7l5-Just Plain Bill-Sketch.
7:30-Traveers Ensemble.
7:45-News-Boake Carter.
S:00--Green ORCH; Men About Town Trio;
Harriet Lee, contraNo.
8:15--News-Edwin C. Hill.
8;3o-Albert Spaldlng, violin; Conrad
Thibault, baritone; Voorhees, Orch.
9;oo-Irvin S. Cobb. stories; Goodman
Orch
9:i5-Kate Smith, songs.
s:3o-Lombardo Orch. Burns and Allen,
comedy.
l0:0o-Waring Orch. Harry Richman,
songs; Milton Berle comedian.
Wocllcott-Town Crier.
1o:45-Concert Orch; Evap Evans, bari
tone.
11:l5-News Bulletin,
11:30-Nelson Orch.
12:00-Rapp Orch.
1890 AM.--Pancho Orch. -
1:o0-Light Orch.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-10-18
~ Il q 7
= a =
WO RID!
Weak Knees and Strong Voice
By Michael Gold

debated Floyd Dell raise money for the
fright
medical history To be brief discovered to horror that
could kept bucklng under
for such tres That's
public speng can't sniff at
the the lucky audience does when
it is bored
talking And did being witty and pro-
the debate which Mrinony
All did to crlmple cigar in pocket and stuff it in my
full of tobacco sc great
baseball pitcher tell There
piano platform walked
nonchaanty All through that terrible night
there stoons
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-10-18
AS Men Having a Job to Do
By HENRY GEORGE WEISS

Not in anger do we say this,
nor in blind hatred; but thoughtfuly,
as men who having job to do
would do it and be done.
You arc rotten to the core;
there is no good in you. e..
Like wolves you rend each other for the prey;
and the prey for which you are ravenous
is the milk and bread of children,
the homes of toilers, ie@
the dreams of boys and girls.
We have seen the bones of your kill
on thousand battlefields,
the half-devoured bodies of your feasts
in million hospitals.
And the victims you devour by inches
go ragged and hungry thru the streets
begging, thieving, selling
are evicted out of lousy shacks,
killed in the coalfields,
raped defrauded, tortured,
that you may grow fatter
and add to your millions.
Not in anger Though we feel anger,
not in hatred Though we know hatred
do we say this; but thoughtfuly
as men who having job to do
would do it and be DONE
from THE AN
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-10-18
Noted Writers Discuss
Drama in Symposium
in Theatre Magazine

Sidney Howard, Anita Block, Al
fred Kreymberg, Rose McClendon,
Albert Maltz, Barrett H. Clark, Frank
Gilmore, Paul Peters, and Michael
Gold discuss Prospects for the
American Theatre" in the Septem-
ber-October issue of New Theatre"
formerly workers Theatre~.
New Theatre" is ON sale at work.
ers' bookshops, workers dramatic
groups, and at the office of New
Theatre" AZ E. 18th ST., New York
City.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-10-18
detroit, Mich.)

REGISTRATION now going on for Work
ers School, 1923 Erskine St. at Brush. Night
classes In Fundamentals of Communism
Political Economy, History of American
Labor Movement, Shop Problems. Negro
Problems Leninism. Problems of Youth
Movement Russian English and other
courses
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-10-18

OF the Daily Worker who is inter-
ested and who feels capable of meet
ing the requirements is asked to write
in detail to the Production Council
OF the Theatre Collective, AZ East
18th Street.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-10-18
WOR-71O Kc.

TOO P.M.-Sports-Ford Prick.
7:15-News-Gabriel Heater.
7:3o-Terry and Ted-Sketch.
T:45-Talk-Harry Hershfield.
8:00-Detectives Black and Blue-mystery
drama.
S:15-Bllie Jones and Ernie Hare, songs.
s:30-New Deal on Main Street-Sketch.
9:00-Jack Arthur, songs; Gilman and Ar
den, piano duo.
9:15-Macy and Smalle.
9:30-Variety Musicale.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-10-18
WHAT'S ON

ALL THEATRE GROUPS are to meet
Thursday evening, pm. in the Workers
Center, so E. 18th ST.. to prepare skits
for the election campaign.
JOHN REED CLUB School of Art Fall
Term starts october 20. Day and evening
classes in life drawing, painting, fresco,
sculpture, poster, political cartooning, lith-
ography. under Minor, Gellert, Lozowick,
Refregie-, Dibner and other prominent
artists. Office open for registration this
week from to 4 pm. Address, 43o 9Th
Avenue, New York City
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-10-18
WJZ-760 Kc.

w lou hC.
TOO PM.--Amos m Andy
7;i5-John Herrtck, baritone; Sanford
Orch.
730-Cyrena Van Gordon, contralto wal
ter Code, piano. o. ,---
745-Taik-Irene Rich.
S:00-Ghost with Mask-Sketch.
S30-Potash and Perlmutter-Sketch.
8:45-Red Davis-Sketch
9:00-Warden Lewis E. Lawes in 20, 900
Years in Sing Sing-Sketch.
9:30-Jonn Mccormack, tenor; Daily Orch.
10:00-Pedro Via Orch.
1o:3o-Ruth Lyon, soprano; Edward Da-
v!es, baritone Shield Orch.
11:00-Davls Orch. -G
11:15-The Poet Prince s~-
11:30-Denny Orch.
l2:oo-Spitalny Orch.
1890 AM.-King Orch.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-10-18
TONIGHT'S PROGRAMS

WEAF-660 Kc.
TOO PM - Charlie Leland, Comedian;
Male Quartet.
7:15-Billy Bachelor, Sketch.
7:3o-Lum and Abner.
7:45-The Goldbergs-Sketch.
8:o0-Alsen Orch; Bert Lahr, Comedian.
8:3o-Lyman Orch; Frank Mum, Tenor.
s:oo-Troubadours orch; Irene Dunno,
Songs.
s:so-Phil Duey, Baritone; Reisman Orch.
10:00-Corn Cob Pipe Club.
and Capital Under the NRA
Senator Robert F. Wagner Of New
York.
11:00-Davis Orch.
1l:15-Jesters Trio.
1l:30-Bestor Orch.
12:00-Ralph Kirbery, Songs.
1905 A.M-Rogers Orch.
12:30-Sosnick Orch.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-10-18
Friday

FILM SHOWING Of Little Church Around
the Corner early American film concern
ing labor struggles In the coal fields, on
Friday, october 20 at and 10 pm. at
Film and Photo League. 220 E. 14th st.
Adm. Csc. Benefit Of Daily Worker.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-10-18

Has your unit, club, union, Two.
Branch, your organization held a
collection for the Daily Worker?
Help save our Daily
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-10-18

Against Tammany lynch terror
on Negroes-Vote Communist!
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-10-18
PhiLode[ mia. Pa.

MASS MEETING Against War and Fas-
cism will be held en- Thursday October 10,
at 8 pm. at Union Hall, 9i3 Arch Street.
Report CT Youth Delegates. Adm. l5c. Aus
pces: Youth Anti-War Committee.
DANCE and Exhibition OF Proletarlan Art
by members of the John Reed Club will be
given at Strawberry Mansion Workers Club
on Saturday October % at 8 pm at 2o14
N. sand Street. Adm. 25c.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-10-18
Wednesday

SCOTTSBORO Br. LID. meeting at 25I
Schenectady Avenue, Brooklyn All work
ers are invited.
REGULAR REHEARSAL of TIE Daily
Worker Chorus under the Leaders, zip of
Lain Adohmyan at los E. 14th St, top
floor, at pm.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-10-18

1o:Oo-De Marco Sisters; Frank Sherry
tenor. -
1o:3o-Market and Halsey st. Playhouse.
1l:00-Weather Report. =
1i:02-Moonbeams Trio
l1:30-Scotti Orch.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-10-18
How to Be a Bore

TODAY has become easier persistence
last talk fuenly and easily that is present plausible init
Speaking really the fine
studied busiest speakers will take
orators;
art than enough for lifetime But organizers who speak
great deal should study this art
speakers learned the fundamental hec
variety.
most common oenses is that of 1t psychological
speaker may
that
the of As minutes.
best length speech judge
tha-perhaps Brevity be,
foundation both speaking and writing brief
mistakes easily forgiven than the mistakes of windy
vT vivid -" '''' ' N' ~ ''z'' -''' '''-
Beyty is the of attaining variety
Booms and Whispers
H4ANY speakers have vary
i They will start maintain it, the
the audenc finally like the kdds ccket people
has different AS in singing full scale
both audience
lated Is there anything dramatic than the trick used by
oatO with unudd speakers the booming climax
that is followed by Whisper
fake 1t Easy
IT
then slide and volume The audience feels
weakness and lack of plan Start low and sober key and work
warning give appearance
anxious crowdng in all audience has
senvity minute
STEW I'D hurry An audience doesn't like this it wants to believe in the
ro-e~ Wisdom and poise of its leaders
troubled with elaboration
something they understand respect so get over all inferoty
ing make you hurry your time
bec-9 }oI speak and then take your time (45 minutes
FIEl5 wmng-up process
Nv will speaking easily
psonate inspiration enters
be studied created will
called the soul" It something Communist
where inside trying hard to get out into action art
Plan Your Speeches
RuT plan speech
you to get variety, interest and all the
really quite
stumbled been to divide allotted time speaking into FIVE
o down for each one of the main points wish to
Thus have decided to will
briefly, points. point
ing
point point way
the neglect of the rest audience feels
have all feel lie
awake that night regretng all the things
somehow never managed to find time for
ONE asst point to to content
Our speeches should always possible
complicated phrases not adapted to
poetry primitive
and therefore images and anecdotes its true material the alb
stract logic of the study
metaphors. pictures concrete variety
laughter and
conrade Ienin the best model speaking
He never vgard his material talked down the Yet he
took the most difficult political economic
crystal clarity that understood He Illuminated he did
cheaper
compiler What passion burns in
that
to lead an army Of peasants and workers.
Last Words
EsE one who has made at least
experience
this still buckle
when to speak, and
" something stronger
JIM MARTIN
| I
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-10-18
Booms and Whispers

lEANY speakers have not learned the infections
Hi will drills the
like cck people
this torture
Every different
speech both for effect audience stmu
anything dramatic
with unsudd speakers the booming climax
that is followed Whisper
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-10-18
last Words

THESE just words
help
Evening star., 1933-08-13
For the First Time in Sea History Really
Successful International Language Has
Been Devised for Ships-H Starts
January /, 1884.

was bad luck. But it was much worse to meet
. pirate ship flying q gay red flag.
For II the Jolly Roger-a white skeleton on
. black ground-danced at the masthead Of
q pirate ship, that was . signal meaning that
the pirate crew might be reasonable In q fight.
But the blood-red nag meant that the pirates
would grant no quarter.
When they were not threatening one an.
other, strange ships bowed as they passed by,
dipping their sails or their flags. The etiquette
of bowling was rigid. Not to show the cus-
tomary honors to . ship might be dangerous.
THERE was war between England and Hol-
] land in 1852 when . Dutch man Of war
refused to strike its colors in salute to British
ship.
But It was only yesterday, as history goes,
that . systematic flag language began to evolve.
It began in 1888, with the publication Of .
system Of signaling by hags In code, devised for
use by ships Of all nations.
Ever since then naval experts have been
seeing ways Of improving the system. There
has. been one revision after another until now
It Is believed that the language Of the sea Is
settling into q permanent form-understood by
all nations.
So far Is the idea IS concerned. the new
code Is not very different from early editions
more than . century old. A list of words and
sentences commonly used In signaling at sea
was made up. This was arranged alphabeti-
calty. Then each item In the list was assigned
q number from 1 to 5000. set Of daes
representing the numbers to was the means
of sending the signal words.
Evening star., 1933-08-13

To signal . word the operator looked It up
In the code book and noted the number beside
1t, say 531. Then he hoisted the string Of dags
needed to spell out 531. Then he hauled down
the flags and ran up another word until the
complete message was spelled out.
This was the system by which Nelson sent
his famous message to his men at the Battle
Of Trafalgar IN 1895.
The story has it that Nelson went to the
poop Of his flagship. where the signal ofncer,
Capt. Pasco. stood. After ordering certain
signals, Lord Nelson said:
Mr.. Pasco, wish to say to the heet, Eng
land con11des every man will do his duty You
must be quick, for I have one more to make.
which Is for close action"
Pasco answered: IF your lordship will per-
init me to substitute expects for 'conhdes,' the
signal Will soon be completed because the word
expects Is In the vocabulary, whereas the word
confdes must be spelled"
Nelson hastily agreed saying, 'That will
do, Pasco: make it directly"
At once Pasco began sending up the sets
of flags until he came to the last word-duty.
That word was not In the code book, and had
to be spelled out with = separate string Of
dass for each letter.
"A /F1EN the slogan had been answered by
w few ships in the van Of the neet Nelson
last great battle began.
The tedious process Of spelling out words
irked seamen using the old code. Their 5000
word vocabulary was far too small. So some
one suggested substituting hags to represent
Evening star., 1933-08-13
China q Wheat Land

ONE Of the unexploited markets for wheao
~ lies In China, but the development Of .
taste for wheat in China may have an un-
satisfactory future from the viewpoint Of othe9
wheat-producing countries.
Conditions in large parts Of China are IDEAL
for wheat production. and this production u
already under way. with this years crop 10
per cent greater than last years. With China,
with her vast potential wheat areas developing
into . wheat producing country On . grand
scale, with labor costs as low As they are In
the Orient the problem might become serious
for exporting countries.
Evening star., 1933-08-13

alphabet letters for the set Of flags represent.
ing figures.
Eighteen alphabet flags were made, and that
gave Q vocabulary Of 10000 words. Each
word in the vocabulary had printed beside it
q code word of not over four letters. -Four
flags, it had been found were the most that
could be hoisted at one time for clear under-
standing across the water.
Still the nag language was far from finished.
BY 1855, efforts were being made to translate
the English vocabulary into other languages
so that ships Of different countries could talk
together. -
When the international code came to its
service test IN the World War, it made poor
showing. Ships that tried to use it complained
that it was successful less than so per cent OF
the time pretty low batting average! The
system simply was not international.
After the World War, Is countries agreed
that the confusion Of tongues ON the sea must
end. The list of conferees includes Great Brit.
ain, France, Germany, Italy, Holland, Nor
way, Sweden, Rumania, Spain. the United
States Mexico, Chile, Peru, Brazil, Argen-
tina, Japan.
With the new sea vocabulary comes . re.
vised set Of dass. The i've letters G to G used
to be pennants. Now they are to be square
flags, Ike the rest Of the alphabet.
A set Of 10 pennants Is to be used In addi.
ton to the nag alphabet. These viii stand TO
numerals.
Evening star., 1933-08-13
BY EMILY C.. DAVIS.

OIsTING bright nuttering flags. ships
ON the high seas are at last going 10
- talk a successful international Ian
guage At least the language Is
ready, and there is every reason 10
expect that it will be a success.
For the first time in sea history, way OF
eonyersing back and forth has been perfected
30 that a ship of any maritime power can tax
sign language to a ship Of another naton anu
get an answer back glibly and surely.
No excuse in future for Portuguese freignter
To steam blindly past an Australian steamship
in trouble, misunderstanding the Australian
ships way Of talking.
It is going to be harder, too, for ship
carrying contraband in war-when, or II, thefe
is war-to ignore demand to stop and SUD-
NIT to search. The suspect ship cannot 80
easily make excuse that she did not UNDER
stand, that she did not realize she was or
dered to stop and prove innocence.
That sort of thing happened during the
World War; In fact, it was wartime confusion
on the seas that led the naval powers to seno
their best communication experts TO Lonoon
to gather round . table there and work on
the international nag code until 1t was fool-
proof.
The new flag language viii be oficially
launched next January.
THE old edition of the language admittedly
] unsatisfactory will be definitely scrappeo.
Every warship and every merchant ship OF any
size will have the new international signal code
in its lockers and q set Of flags to spell out the
code.
Back of the new venture runs . long his
tory Of the efforts Of seamen to talk from
boat to boat.
In the ancient world, Is soon as ships began
to argue and clash in sea fights. there was
need for . sign language. II the leader Of
. feet wanted to give orders quickly to his
line Of ships he was faced with q problem that
the loudest voice could not meet.
It is said that the first admiral to think
his way out Of the difaculty was an Athenian.
He arranged that his purple cloak was to be
. signal. BY flying the purple banner aloft.
he directed his ships to turn together.
Apparently he did not follow up his idea
very far. for the sign language Of the sea
remained extremely simple for centuries In
the Middle Ages admirals we're still using
not exactly cloaks and shirts-but simple sig
mails of raising and lowering sails or flags. Like
foot ball signals these were prearranged 50
that q squadron or a feet understood the mes
sages.
A few signals were important enough to
force international recognition Pirate signals
especially. The flag language Of pirate ship
was all too familiar to . captain in pirate days,
whatever his own language might be.
If . peaceful merchantmen crossed the path
Of ship flying the black Jolly Roger. that