davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1933-06-22


These plans. OF course. cannot be
said to represent our national defense
policy. That is question which the
President, as commander In chief of
the army and navy, works out Jointly
with congress. The legislative branch
obviously has the final sayso whether
we will have big navy or small
one, and whether the army will num-
Der $4,000 enlisted men and 10000
officers or more or less. From this 1t
is seen that the system of national de-
Tense Is one of fact and not Of theory,
for 1t Isl true to American tradition,
left In the hands of the representatives
OF the people.
Aside from the determination OF
policy, however, administration of the
army and the navy constitutes ire
mendous business. There Is, of course,
an Independent department for each,
and each has cabinet member at Its
head. But the cabinet members are
civilians. more often than not, without
military or naval training.
Consequently, one has to drop down
the ranks step to find the men who
actually command the regular army
and the navy, with its marine corps
arm.
So we find In the War department,
q general staff, and we find In the
Navy department. general board.
Each functions to greater or less
extent as board OF directors for the
service II represents, and each is DOM
inant In Its own baliwick, for 1t is
from these two groups that the actual
direction issues for the respective
services. Under each exists the indl-
vidual control that Is necessary al
ways In administration and the num-
Der of those individuals expands as
the power exercised by each one de-
creases even to the rank of cor
poraL
In conjunction with the army, the
navy and the marine corps, there Is
that recently developed, but highly
necessary. aviation service. Aviation
has become so important In the sys-
tenn OF national defense that congress
has seen fit to create the post Of as
slstant secretary of air In both War
and Navy departments. While their
primary function obviously is that of
promoting an efficient air service In
each branch, the air division does
much more; 1t is constantly fostering
development Of civil aeronautics, and
1t Is working constantly with CONNER
cial interests engaged In production
and use OF airplanes In commercial
lines.
The air services Of the army, the
navy and the marine corps, therefore
are carrying tremendous influence
into the field of air transportation II
these day of peace. Highly trained
men from the services are going into
private life, day after day, to devote
their skill and their time and attention
to further air transportation. 1t Il
not meant that the army, navy an,
marine corps are losing all OF thel
good men, but they are losing some 0
them, yet requirements are made with
out difficulty and the nation gain
from the exchange.
Q. 1919. Western Newspaper Union.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1933-06-22

ly seemed queer thing to store up.
Thinking about these things, Peter was
full OF questions when Short-Tail re-
turned.
"Your storehouse must be quite dis
lance from here" said he. "What kind
OF place Is 1t in7"
Short-Tail grinned. II wouldn't an
swer that question for some folks"
said he, but | don't mind answering 1t
for you, because you might hunt for
the rest OF your life and not find 1t.
I have some little tunnels In the
ground and Off OF these | have some
little storehouses. In one OF these
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1933-06-22

BONERS are actual humorous
hd-bits found in examination pa
pers, essays. ETC.. by teachers.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1933-06-22
Sky Rides Are Familiar to the Colombans

MOST visitors to the Century OF
49, Progress In Chicago are thrilled
with the "Sky Ride" In swift cars car
ried on cables between two lofty steel
towers. To Colombians or others who
have been In the mountain regions OF
Colombia, this Is not exactly q nov.
city. In that South American repub.
lie there have been for years aerial
cableways stretching for miles from
peak to peak. Last year one such ca
Dleway. here shown, carried 100000
passengers and 100000 pounds of
freight
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1933-06-22
HIT BEHIND THE BALL IN
LONG GRASS

IT'S the exceptional golfer who
! doesn't find the rough grass at
least more than few times on the
golf course The average golfer does
1t more times than ne generally cares
to remember Such lie to many Is
just another golf shot but to Chick
Evans bit different treatment Is
needed than that employed for reg
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1933-06-22

ular shot from the fairwny. In the
first place he holds the club tighter in
such d situation. not to the point OF
rigidity but firm enough 80 that the
grass through which the clubhead
travels has no chance to turn 1t In the
slightest Secondly instead OF direct
Ing his shot at the. ball Chick aims at
spot In the long grass bit behind
1t. The ciubhead continuing Its down
ward arc will thus bit the ball
squarely. He uses a relaxed swing
even though the grip Is frightened here
and his follow through Is bit longer
than usual. Obviously his Intention
Is to make sure that the ball Is hit
and hit hard enough to raise 1t from
Its close lie.
O. 1893 He'll ayndieafe---WNu Service
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1933-06-22

The flower had five parts, eepaIs,
pedals antlers. pistil and trigger.
Napoleon dispensed the rioters with
whlff OF grape fruit.
Graft Is an Illegal means of uniting
trees to make money.
The duke Of Clarence, according to
his usual custom, was killed In battle
Bronchitis is disease that you can
get from riding a certain kind of horse
too much
O. 1888 Bell syndicate. Service.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1933-06-22
OwGoveyumeut
How 1t Operates
By WfAtam BrHekat5
NATIONAL DEFENSE

ONCE the Armistice ended hostilities
y in that cataclysmic eruption known
as the World war, enormous strides
have been taken among nations to pre-
serve the peace. The movement has
exemplified itself In many different
ways and with varying shades OF opin-
ion shown, from the type of citizen
desiring to lie still and play dead on
through the list to those fostering the
belief that only the greatest army and
the greatest navy can be expected to
assure permanent peace for our
country.
Fortunately for the nation. there Is
only negligible number of those who
are willing to chance the future OF
their homeland without an army or
navy. All of the advocates of peace
contemplate system OF national de-
Tense of some kind, and advocate 1t In
size according to their light But
the point is that. desiring peace as we
do, our desires cannot govern what
course or policy some other govern
ment may elect to follow.
/ believe 1t Is safe to say that now
as never before the average citizen
Is acquainted with the need for ma.
tIonal defense and the way that need
1t met. Programs have been worked
are predicated on more general
knowledge by every one Of what CON
stitutes the needs of the army and
the navy In condition Of crisis. Al
lied now, should the emergency arise
1t Is correct to state that million
men can spring to arms over night,
and 1t seems that the number prob
carefully arranged plans may be judged
properly by the layman.
While 1t is necessary that a great
deal of the planning by the army and
navy Is done In secret and must re-
main SO for the obvious reason that
any nation learning of them Is able to
map counter methods, It can be stated
that officers of the army and the navy
constantly are engaged In study Of
theoretical attacks and defense. The
Army War college and the Naval War
college are the higher institutions OF
learning, SO to speak, where the Off
GERS delve into the more intricate
problems OF war tactics. where they
deal In theory and figure out what
would happen In practice. and from
these eventuate war plans which. let
us hope, 1t never will be necessary
to use.
Evening star., 1933-11-01

have to be borne by others. The old
tradition whereby the weaker elements
Of the race are protected by the
stronger win apply. The aged, the very
Young, the sick must be defended for
society's sake II not for their own.
If, as some prophets have said. the
next several months are to be especially
hard, the problem Of relief is bound to
be commensurately complicated. exact
ing and acute. The Community Chest
campaign, soon to be launched, there
fore should be supported effectively by
every citizen competent to help. It will
be, as never before, a call to arms
of life.
But people need not be discouraged.
general improvement in the economic
and industrial condition Of the country.
The great slump must be nearing its
natural end. Meanwhile there is much
to be thankful for, much to be happy
about. Sorrow and suffering, for ex-
ample, promote brotherhood, and there
are those who believe that the world
is kinder. gentler today than ever be-
fore in this generation. Wars and
class struggles, 1amines and epidemics
there may be, but one of their influences
is that OF stimulating the humane i'm
pulses of mankind Any other con-
ceptlOn would be q libel on the human
spirit.
Evening star., 1933-11-01
November.

In many neighborhoods within the
boundaries of the North Temperate
Zone the world grows steadily grayer
during November, but in the vicinity
OF Washington the bright colors OF
Autumn ordinarily linger through at least
the first half of the month. Thus the
approach of Winter appears to be de-
iayed, and humanity in the District OF
Columbia rejoices in the deception.
But the threat of the cruel season OF
the year, the season which is least con-
genial, nevertheless Is perceived, and
0he wise make all possible preparation
Cor the event. Like the runner about
20 participate in a race. the canny in
Aividual tries out his resources, lmbers
his mind as we'll as his body, makes
psychological adjustment to the need.
The difficulty this November will be
chat some, unfortunately, are handi-
capped by the losses Of the long de-
preston. For these the beginning Of
Winter has an aspect Of terror. They
dread the first snow. In the circum-
stances . portion Of their burden will
Evening star., 1933-11-01
Cerard's List Revised.
rom the Roanoke Times

From the Roanoke Times.
Three years ago James w Gerard
started q flood Of editorial discussion
by issuing list Of the "a rulers OF
America" The other day he announced
that the list Is greatly revised" In
fact, So names have disappeared and
only one remains-President Roose-
velt's.
MI. Gerard's list of three years ago
was doubtless an exaggerated one, to
some extent, but 1t was not without a
basis Of truth. Today the situation
has changed and the American plu-
tocracy strikingly resembles an autoc.
racy-an autocracy OF democracy, II
one can conceive Of such q thing.
II Mr.. Gerard's list Of three years
ago was unsound, as many claimed, it
would be still more unSound If he
should insist on clinging to 1t today.
The Presidents authority, great as it
Is, comes from the peoples represent
atives and can be withdrawn by them
whenever they so desire. This is a
cheering and reassuring thought.
Evening star., 1933-11-01
Farm-Aid Question Debated
In Face of Strike Menace

"It seems to U.s." declares the Omaha
World Herald, that two propositions
are so plain as to be automatic. One
is that the farmer has a right to expect
that hard work and good management
will earn him cost of production plus
a fair profit. The other is that 1t Is
of vital interest to all non-farmers that
he should have it. So far we 20 along.
full 100 per cent, with the farm
holiday" leaders. So does the President
and so does every citizen entitled to
be outside the walls of a lunatic asy-
lum The difference is concerning the
way to that end. Mr.. Reno demands
that the Government guarantee"
profitable prices, while at the same
time denouncing limitation Of produc-
ton as economic idiocy" We think
the phrase is boomerang that recoils
smack on the dome Of Mr.. Reno him
self For no government can hope to
guarantee" high prices, especially II
more Is produced than can be con.
sumed. There is not enough money in
the world. or anything that can be
used for money, to do that"
Evening star., 1933-11-01
A Billion.

It is difficult, If not impossible, for
an ordinary human mind to conceive
OF q billion of anything. The figure Is
astronomical. Even among so-called
experts the meaning of the word IS
an object Of confusion. In Great Brit
ain it customarily signifies a million
millions, or, as the dictionaries say, as
many millions as there are units in
million, while in France and the
United States it denotes merely a
thousand million-a figure prodigious
enough in all conscience. Philologists
report that In It's general modern as
pect the phrase is contraction of BIZ
million, implying a million raised to
the second power. The current usage
of Geneva, London and Washington is
that of 1,000xl ,000x1, 900.
Mathemstioians probably have no
the rest Of humanity it must be worse
than Greek. What does the average
citizen picture when President Roosevelt
or Recovery Administrator Johnson
mentions a billion dollars? The obvious
epigrammatic answer is: A terrible lot
OF money. But that, of course. is
dodge. Suppose. instead, one should
endeavor to illustrate the dimensions by
postuiatng an agreement reached at
the time of the beginning of the Chris
tian era whereby the debtor covenanted
to repay a billion dollars at the rate OF
a thousand dollars a year-he would be
clear of the obligation in 100000 A.
D., matter of 998,O67 years hence. Or
suppose that a billion men could be
marshaled in single line, allowing 2
feet for each individual-the parade
would go around the earth nearly twenty
times. And if each of the billion men
had dollar their aggregate wealth
would be only one-fourth of the value
of the gold reserve now held by the
United States and only half Of the
amount already allocated for public
"OTkS unOeI fIeSlocnt 1bOOSSNSilo 1S-
covery program.
Statisticians have estimated that there
are just about two billion people in the
entire world. But only about one fifteenth
of that number are Americans. Thus it
becomes moderately clear that when
there is talk of doing billion dollars
worth of this or that very consider
able enterprise, relatively, is indicated.
The per capita wealth of the American
people is not much more than two
thousand dollars. But possibly there is
comfort to be had from the thought
United States is something like three
hundred billions.
Evening star., 1933-11-01

sake Of making them rs hideous as
possible.
What Is the fun in this sort of
thing? What thrill can be had from
. senseless DETACHMENT Of property?
In the case Of written words there may
be some shadow Of humor satisfactory
to the perpetrator, however offensive
to the proprietor and annoying to the
public. In the main this form of Hal
loween observance" which is merely
senseless vandalism, bespeaks vapidity
Of mind and an utter disregard for
the property rights Of others. Parents
should seek to draw the line in the
minds OF their children between Hal
loween FUN" and Halloween destruc-
tiyeness.
Evening star., 1933-11-01
Stanch Americanism.

From the Fort Worth Star-Telesram.
1t is difficult to fall out with Presi-
dent Roosevelt over his determined
Navy construction program. A reason
able-sounding logic Is that one which
assumes the inclusion. of course, Of
protective Navy with Brobdingnagian
public works construction program that
has the double virtue of supplying Jobs
and accelerating material movements
while furnishing public building needs
at the right prices We are privileged
to regard the Navy as we are wont to
estimate post Offices and Federal build
ings or we may take the stand with
"in time of peace prepare for war"
Perhaps a little of both species of
reasoning is in order. A pacifst-and
therefore helpless-nation Is not q par
ticularly pretty subject for contempla-
ton when 1t Is our Nation and our
helpleSSness. The theory Of pacifsm
being a protection hasn't done 50 well
in the last 20 years nor so near as the
last two. A pacif1st nation in the way
Of the World War was a nation entirely
out Of luck, and there are the political
entities of Manchuria and China, both
Of which would remain totally pacifst
II pacif1sm were only q cloak to be put
on and worn for protection and COM
fort.
udtloH Is lOolSn WHICH 00eS not
attend to It's elemental self-protection
duties while the affairs Of the world are
initiating can of hshworms in order
illness and system; Anything can hap
pen. and when that condition exists
anything may happen. The Arthur
BrisbaneS Of America deny any value
to a Navy, but the A. BIS are not edu-
Gated and trained national defense
service graduates. On form the latter
group would seem to have earned the
majority support. Add to that the
knowledge that useless" Navy or q
useful" feet of airplanes never will
develop "militaristic" state of mind
in this country and the subject becomes
the simple one of sensible. practical ma
by men who never yet have let America
down in the matter Of services rendered.
When we have needed Army and Navy
construction and tactical results we
have looked to the alumni of the COL
leges at West Point and Annapolis
The President, on the records, seems
easily justified in completing his Navy
program. 1t Is very much more COM
fort to know we have a Navy without
needing one than to need Navy with.
out having one. What the airplanes
will do. that Navy will be entirely sum-
cient unto the day the news will break.
Evening star., 1933-11-01
Halloween Vandalism.

Halloween pranking has always been
mischievous, but in recent years 1t has
become worse than that, has become
veritably vicious in spirit, destructive
and injurious. The grotesque misplace
ment Of property, which could be re-
stored to position. was tolerated. The
ringing Of doorbells was an annoyance
to the older ones, but it did no harm.
The placing Of "tick-tacks" on windows
accented the occasion with a pleasur-
able gruesomeness, but no one was
greatly distressed. Now and then a
"booby-trap" over doorway, or q rope
stretched across the sidewalk made some
difficulty, but in only rare cases was
anybody hurt. And the costuming and
the pumpkin heads and the games
pertinent to the occasion were all &C.
ceptable diversions that everybody en-
joyed, old and young alike.
OF late years, however, the coming
OF Halloween has meant anxiety for
the owners Of property, fear Of actual
losses, of irreparable damage and even
personal injury. Broken windows, r..
remediably defaced motor cars, thefts
beyond recovery have added terror to the
thrills of the old time Observance Of
this ancient anniversary. This morn
ing literally square miles Of window
glass on the business streets Of this city
were covered thick with candle grease
and tallow, removable only with great
difficulty. In some cases ribald words
and phrases were scrawled upon the
winds, again merely meaningless
scratches Of lines and curves for the
Evening star., 1933-11-01
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.

Prior to Recovery.
We make an observation old.
For frequently we have been told
When a recovery we need,
A convalescence we must heed.
And convalescents you will find
Are often in a frame of mind
Which to impatience great will tend
And criticism Of a friend.
The doctors know Of many way
To write prescriptions day by day,
So let us smile and take each pill
If one won't work, another viii.
Evening star., 1933-11-01
Brooklyn National League club. on Oc-
tober 8, 1916.

Brooklyn National League club. on Oc-
tober 8, 1916.
E. W. no" ''a Afs grandfather ''''A-
A. Grandfather clocks came into ex-
iStence between 1860 and 1870. So far
as we know, the earliest grandfather
clock to be made In this country was
manufactured by David Rittenhouse In
Philadelphia in 1857.
@. What is the name of the woman
photographer who took moving pictures
A. Margaret Bourke-White II the
first non Soviet citizen allowed to take
moving pictures In Russia professional
ly. She has made several trips to that
country. Practically every major in
dustry in the United States has also
been photographed by this artist.
Q. Is tax or a license required for
the manufacture of cider?-M. B..
A. The Bureau of Industrial Alcohol
says that permit is required for the
manufacture and sale Of cider con-
tanning one-half Of one per centum or
more of alcohol by volume and not
more than 80 per centum of alcohol
by weight. Under the act Of March
~, 1888, tax Is imposed on such an
alcoholic cider at the rate Of IS per
barrel Of 81 gallons. If the alcoholic
content Is always kept at less than
one-half of one per centum by volume
quired and the tax in question does
not apply.
@. Who play the parts Of Molasses
and January, the radio Show Boat
comedians?-S. L. J.
A. Pick Padgett and Pat Malone
enact these parts.
G. Is Marconi the first person TO
receive an honorary degree from Notre
Dame University at a special convoca-
toms. M.
A. The only previous recipient OF an
honorary degree from Notre Dame at
special convocation was Gilbert K.
Chesterton. the English essayist, In
| 1880. Senator Marconi received the
honorary degree Of doctor Of laws in
special convocation.
@. Who was Tertullian?-H. H.
! A. Tertullian was an austere Latin
church writer who became leader OF
the Montanist sect. Although he was
happily married, he advocated celibacy
and opposed all second marriages.
@. Do airships when crossing the
Ecuador have a ceremony similar to
that on shipboard?-D. NJ.
A. Such ceremony has been inaug-
urated for passengers making a first
crossing. On board the Graf Zeppelin
the imitation was conduced by Aeolus
in place of Neptune, who ofhciates at
sea.
O. In what year was the Philadelphia
/ North American merged with the Puo-
lie Ledger?-M. w.
A. The merger was announced In
May 1925.
@. Has the weather been as rainy
in England this Summer as 1t has IN
many parts Of the United States?-
F. D.
A. English weather has been un-
usually dry and clear. In consequence
England has had many more forest
fires than in previous years.
@. What is the principal seaport in
the Polish Corridor?-E. F. N.
A. The principal seaport is now
Gdynia. which has entirely superseded
the port of Danzig. free city to both
Poland and Germany, under the terms
of the League Of Nations. II Is esti-
mated that the population Of Gdynia
at present is 10000
O. Did any Negro born in Africa,
brought as slave to America, become
a well known poet?-E. M.
A. Phillis Wheatley, born In Africa,
brought as a slave child to America
and sold to John Wheatley Of Boston,
had her poems published and acclaimed
in London, 1773. She died, 1884.
Evening star., 1933-11-01
Forms of Punishment.

From the San Jose Mercury Herald.
All will concede that 1t was fitting
for the California Legislature to enact
q law providing the extreme penalty for
kidnapers. But many think that In
favoring . State income tax the solons
went too far In this matter of capital
punishment,
Evening star., 1933-11-01

Sentiment that resents the idea OF
any mercantile relativity with Russia
is warned IN advance that Litvinof is
most persuasive parsonage and thai
there will be in that fact alone a good
excuse for relaxation of opinion.
Evening star., 1933-11-01

In communities where votes are
frankly exchanged for pecuniary in
ducement N R. A. will have a pecu-
liarly delicate task to perform.
Evening star., 1933-11-01

Sometimes a man who is accused OF
grasping emoluments puts almost an
element of pathos in the protest tha-
he did not grasp the money but had it
showed under his door.
Evening star., 1933-11-01

Conditions are calling for so much
knowledge Of accounting that civiliza-
ton is taking on something Of the as
pect of a colossal business college.
Evening star., 1933-11-01

A managed dollar is regarded as de-
sirable, but the decorum of its behavior
falls into
Evening star., 1933-11-01
All Other States and Canada.
Member of the Associated Press

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to the use for republication OF all news dis
patches credited to it or not otherwise ned
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published herein All rights of publication Of
special dispatches herein are also reserved.