davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1933-11-19

engine idle until 1t is ready to CO.
operate.
The function Of a piston in a motor
Is TO act as sort of collector of the
energy which the expanding and burn
ing gas vapor exerts This gas cannot
blow of the top Of the motor or smash
down the cylinder walls, so 1t pushes
on the piston, causing the latter to
travel downward and, in turn, push a
connecting rod that is joined to it. This
rod cranks the main shaft of the motor,
switching reciprocating motion into
rotational motion
When the pistons are not in good
condition obviously they fail to serve
as efficient collectors of this energy.
Around the pistons are three or four
narrow rings which expand to help make
the piston fit. These rings have
springy action and thus adjust them
selves to the temperature of the
cylinders, the size Of the walls and the
movement of the piston. Much energy
Is lost because the rings become worn or
stuck. Sometimes they turn until their
split ends line up. That gives gas a
chance to blow down into the crank
case and oil to suck up freely.
New rings help a piston fit better.
PROVIDED the cylinder walls are not
worn out OF round and tapered. Such
a more extreme condition calls for fe-
boring the cylinder and fitting larger
pistons with all new rings. Recently
there have been developed clever ex-
panders that flt inside old pistonS to
cause them 10 regain some Of their
original agility.
I don't know of any kind of service
IN cost than ring requirements. Take
1t as the experience of hundreds of
thousands Of motorists that the best Is
none too good In this line, and add
the thought that the man who does the
work means more to the success of the
job than the materials used
We've nothing against black as
color for the smart automobile, but
don't take the current predominance of
this hue as an indication that it is
necessarily the most modish color for a
car. Black Is often selected by car
makers because of its reliability In
the race for low initial costs it natur-
ally has its commercial advantages.
This fact is quite apparent to those who
know their motordom, and it explains
why some Of the most distinguished
cars Of the year are being selected In
pastel shades, not to mention the more
fickle shades Of maroon and blue
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1933-11-19
AUTOMOTIVE BRIEFS

Lee Butler, president Of Lee d.
Butler. Incorporated, Studebaker dis
tributor in the District of Columbia, an
nounces the appointment Of Donald e.
Gray as manager Of his used car de-
partment Gray Is well known to the
public and trade here, having been con-
nected with the automobile industry for
years
Appointment of A. C. Tiedemann,
jr.. as zone manager for the Pontiac
Motor Co. has been announced from
Detroit by General Sales Manager A.
w L. Dilpin
Mr. Tiedenann comes to the Pontiac
organization from the Buick, Olds,
Pontiac Sales Co., with whom he was
associated as zone manager for the
Washington zone territory. Prior TO
coming to Washington, he was general
lions In the Metropontan area Of New
York city.
In the local zone office, Mr.. Tiede-
mann will have for his assistants Carl
Gubisch, assistant zone manager; Clark
Walter, car distributor; F. E. Bowles,
parts and service manager; Emil
Blonquist, Office manager.
Included within the jurisdiction Of
the Washington zone Office, are all
Buick and Pontiac dealers, located in
Washington, D. c.; Virginia, Maryland
Except the Eastern Shore), four coun-
ties in Pennsylvania and three counties
In West Virginia.
The REQ Motor Car Co. announces
The appointment Of Callan Motors,
Incorporated, as exclusive distribu-
tors in Washington and most OF Mary
land and Virginia for REQ passenger
cars and trucks. Frank A. Callan,
president of CaIlan Motors, says that
the taking of the REQ franchise in no
way affects the present leadership for
Franklin and Olympic automobiles and
that sales and service for both cars will
be handled from the present headquar-
tiers at 1929 NJ street northwest.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1933-11-19

AeAoNp SA60ab Wiz 4OOaA ekkA H0A0 oAoa&o
The threat that Eastern Air Trans
port would be evicted from Washing
ton Airport by National Aviation Cor
poration, new owners OF the local avia-
ton terminal, has been allayed. AL
though National plans to establish air
transport service between Washington
and New York, in direct competition
with Eastern, it has been decided that
there is room for the two conflicting
interests at the local field.
1t was the threat of eviction which
led Eastern Air to suggest the estab-
hshment in East Potomac Park, on the
site OF the present Tourist Camp and
golf course, Of municipal airport. The
proposal was opposed by park and civic
organizations and apparently has been
abandoned by its sponsors in favor of
the Public Works proposition for Wash
tngton Airport.
The Washington Airport plan Is not
new. 1t was approved by the Bingham
Joint Congressional Commission two
years ago and has been Endorsed by a
majority OF the city's civic and business
organizations. Unquestionably a very
good airport could be established on
the Washington Airport site, If Military
road was closed and a portion of the
Joining old Hoover Field added to give
a more favorable runway extension.
There Is no doubt that some airport
ington. Washington Airport is a dis
grace to the National Capital This
Is no reflection upon the company
which owns the field or the men who
operate 1t. The fault In very large
measure IS that Of the Federal Govern
ment. The airport never can be safe
until Military road is closed and this
the Government has neglected to do,
! despite the persistent urging of many
interested individuals and groups. Pri-
vate capital cannot be invested with
security so long as the claim of the
FEDERAL Government to title in part
OF the Landing area remains in dispute.
Efforts to bring about final legal action
In this dispute have been unavailing.
In view of the inability Of private op-
orators to overcome these insurmount-
able obstacles, Government ownership
ana operation appear to be a way out.
Commerce Success Foreseen.
Two bold bids by the Aeronautics
Branch of the Department of Com
merce to aid the aeronautical indus
W "a AAtAi6 1tSCu Out Oh the QeDTeS-
sion already are having a Stimulating
effect on aviation in this country.
Early response to the proposal of
Eugene L. Vidal that airplane manu-
facturers produce 10000 small air.
planes. to sell at not more than S7O0
each, has been Unexpectedly encour-
aging Eight out of ten of the nearly
500 persons who had responded to
Vidaps inquiry at the time this was
written classed themselves as pros
pective customers for such an air.
plane. The other two already were
flying airplanes regularly or were
financially unable to buy any kind of
an airplane.
Vidal Is In process of seeking an ex-
preston of opinion on the proposal
from some $4,000 licensed pilots. stu
dent pilots and mechanics on the rolls
of the Department of Commerce. If
the response continues as 1t has started,
Vidal soon should be in a position to
report to the industry that there are
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1933-11-19
Milady's Motoring
BY FREDERICK C. RUSSELL.

Sometimes reaching for the joy of
living is just the simple business Of
reaching for the emergency brake.
Service men will tell you that II
the clutch clips the motor viii heat up.
Sometimes, however, 1t works the other
way around. In my own case I found
that the lower water hose connection
had become so weakened that the water
pump sucked it inward, causing it to re-
strict the flow of water from the ra-
diator to the motor block This acted
exactly like an additional thermostat,
resulting in overheating of the motor.
The clutch trouble followed as a d.
rect consequence.
Women who are puzzled to know
when it is practical to trade in for a
new car should form the habit Of visit
ing the service station frequently to
note what work Is being done on other
cars. If a woman finds that at a
certain mileage the average car of
her particular make needs certain ex-
pensive repairs, she will have a much
better idea as to the possible future
course with her own car. The future
Of your car may be said to be clearly
written in the work of the official
service station.
This Is encouraging. A woman
phoned the editor Of one of the papers
in which these articles appear to say
that driving hint of mine had saved
Gus situation and Immediately recalled
q thought I had passed along to her,
| mention this because II gives me an
idea to pass along. This reader proved
her was not my suggestion but her
ability to think in an emergency. She
kept her wits about her. Maybe she
would have followed the same wise
procedure If she had never known of
my suggestion.
don't blame a friend for thinking
the service man was just trying to sell
her refining job when he said it
would be impossible to adjust the brakes
for equalization In their present con-
dition. Nothing is more effective in
obtaining equalized brake action than
a new set of brake shoe liners. Isn't
it obvious that where brakes are out
Of adjustment for any length Of time
their Innings wear unevenly and can
never be the same afterward?
She was q little disappointed when
locking the ignition of her new car to
find that this also locked the gears In
neutral. She could no longer leave the
car in gear-and I might add-run the
risk of stepping on the starter before
shifting to neutral The modern hand
brake is capable OF holding the car
even on a steep hill. The only time
not to set the hand brake Is when
garsging the car for the night. Re-
lease the brake and block the wheels
This will obviate the possibility OF
warping the brake drums.
The beginner at the wheel will find
that much Of her trouble when ON her
own is due to trying to drive the car
before the engine is properly warmed
up. When taking lessons the In
strlictor invariably came around in Z
car whose motor was ready for action
Back out into the driveway, and let the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1933-11-19
LOwN in by the i'll wind Of the
depression and the strenuous ef-
forts of the administration to
bring about recovery Is the great

~ LOWN in by the i'll wind OF the
x depression and the strenuous e.
~ forts of the administration to
- bring about recovery Is the great
est system of roads known to
the world, roads that Will stretch. NIB
throughout the Nation.
Never was such Q road program ur-
dertaken as Is under way at present,
primarily to give men jobs and seconda-
rily to perform the necessary task OF
providing the millions of automobiles
being turned out yearly with better IA
cilities for moving from one place to
the other.
The motorist was the first beneficiary
of the recovery program. When the
administration started looking about for
immediate outlets for the vast public
works fund, highways were placed first
ministration went into the proposition
with $400, boot, 900 pocketbook to cover
80 per cent of the cost of labor and
materials for road projects In all of the
States and the District Of Columbia.
Although the p. w. A., through its
chief, Harold L. Ickes, has expressed
considerable dissatisfaction with the
speed with which The p. w. A. highway
program is getting under way in some
Substantially, to Washingtonians, in
the nearby State of Maryland-other
sections of the country are getting be-
hind the administration plan with
alacrity, and scores of thousands Of
men are at work repaving old highways,
building new ones and making Ill de-
signed and dangerous ones safer. 1t is
q great task and one that is sure to
bring benefits to practically every city,
town and hamlet in the country in the
form of pay envelopes for the unem-
ployed.
But of more interest to the motorist
is the fact that the already fine system
of roads throughout the country is being
made vastly more complete, running
time between points is being cut down
not only minutes but hours in some in
stances, and the highways OF the Nation
are being put in such shape as to cut
deep into the annual toll of deaths
from automobiles.
On top of the Public Works Admin
istration's highway program comes a
smaller, but very important new phase
of the recovery programme proposal
for putting nearly 100000 900 more of
Federal money into highways from the
$400 ,000, 900 fund allotted to the new
Civil Works Administration. headed
by the Federal Emergency Relief Ad-
ministrator, Harry L. Hopkins.
Here again, when the administration
was faced with the task of taking
1000 900 men of relief rolls and putting
them on pay rolls through the Winter,
highway and street construction came
up as one Of the first jobs that should
be undertaken and State engineers. In
Guiding the Highway Engineering De-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1933-11-19

thousands Of customers for an air.
plane OF the type suggested and sug
gest that manufacturers start the
wheels going to meet the demand
So keen has been interest in the
prospect for thousands of small, mex
pensive, easily operated airplaneS that
public interest in flying apparently al
ready is beginning TO show a distinct
ly favorable increase.
The other proposal, still in the hands
of legal experts at the time this was
written, is for the beginning of expert
mental work looking to the establish
ment of $30,000,000 chain of float
ing airports across the Atlantic under
the flag of the United States.
The Department Of Commerce has
applied to the Public Works Admins
tration for grant Of $1,500,0 900 with
which to build an experimental quar-
ter section of one of the five proposed
seadromes. The unit, 1t Is believed,
would be sufficient to test out in every
detail the practicability of the system.
Questions of the possible effect upon
international relations of such trans
oceanic airway. upon which rulings by
the State Department and the AttOr-
ney General have been requested, held
up immediate action upon the project
by the public works organization. The
first unit can be completed within four
months OF the time funds become avail
able. Secretary Of Commerce Roper
said.
Hounds Sprout Wings.
The popular old game of fox and
hounds will take TO the air this after
noon when some Is TO 20 sportsman
pilets from Washington. and nearby
hounds, viii take off after that old fox,
J. Earl Steinhauer, of College Park
Airport.
Fox Steinhauer will be given start
of 80 minutes before the air-going
hounds will be permitted to take off in
pursuit from the starting line at Col
lege Park. In lieu of the brush car
ried by earthly foxes. Steinhauer will
carry bolt of cheescloth, basket of
stakes and pair of shears.
Taking off at 1870, Steinhauer will
head out into the country and begin
planting cheescloth trail for the high
flying hounds. Each hound will be
given map covering an area of 400
square miles in the District and vicin-
ity. This area will be divided into
four equal sectors, each designated by
letter.
Landing in any field he may select
in one of the 100-Square- mile sectors,
Steinhauer viii fashion huge cheese
cloth letter designating the next area
he will visit and peg it down on the
ground. Flying into the second sector,
he will peg down letter giving the
clue to the third sector. In the fourth
sector he will peg down rectangle of
eloth, indicating that he has gone back
home to hole up"
Must Identify Trail.
The hounds will be required to To-
cate and identify each marking left
by the fox and to indicate its posi-
ton on the map he carries. The first
hound to return to College Park with
properly marked map will be the win
ner. A number of prizes have been
offered.
Virtually all of the local sportsman
pilots have enrolled for the hunt, four
are expected from Baltimore and 9TH
ers from Maryland and Virginia points,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1933-11-19
Storms Ruin Land.

More than 21,O0O,0o0 acres of ground,
formerly in cultivation, has been made
useless by outlying through heavy
storms. Sheet erosion" which carries
of the top soil, Is gradually reducing
the productivity of rs rer cent OF our
cultivated lands and gardens.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1933-11-19
Tran for "Killers. .

A trap which viii catch only large
animals is being used in the West,
where the "killers"-wolves, bobcats,
coyotes and mountain lions-take such
heavy toll in cattle and sheep. The
trap Is so contrived that the weight
of small animal will not spring 1t.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1933-11-19
Books Termed Curative.

MEMPHIS. Tenn. R-Books are
effective in the treatment OF tuberculo-
sis. says DR.. James A. Price, superin-
tendent Of sanatorium here. Books
not only will aid in building up the
minds" he asserts, "but through an in-
proved mental state viii help to build
up the physical bodies Of patients"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1933-11-19
Tara Now Low Hill.

Tara. the most famous of the his
toric sites of Ireland, once the admin
istrative center of all Ireland and long
regarded as the symbol of national
unity, now exists as nothing but a low
hill crowned by q number Of mounds
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1933-11-19
Apple Production.

The United States produces more
apples than any other country In the
world. The yearly average for the 10
years preceding the depression was about
le0, 00O. 900 bushels.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1933-11-19

Observers of present conditions de-
clare that because SO many drivers are
wholly unprepared for trouble it is with
difficulty that they recall even the most
fundamental Of the rules needed for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1933-11-19

Where the Star Still Shines, by Winifred
Kirkland. 1924. CRFK63w
The author tells OF the Christmas sea-
son IN Salem, N C., where the Morav-
lans nave unique celebration.
Old Louisiana, by Lyle Saxon. 1928.
G876.Sa9o. PIP. 3l2-32l.
typical plantation Christmas is de-
scribed by one who has seen them at
first hand
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-11-11

investigation and trial in Baltimore
of the Armwood lynching on the
Eastern shore of Maryland. There
will also be an anti-lynch conference,
organized and held under the aus
pices of the League of Struggle Of
Negro Rights.
The common attitude of Governor
Ritchie and Attorney General Knight
in states so widely separated show
the spread of lynch and murder ter
-or throughout the South and its en-
couragement by the rO7onsible au-
thorities.
The increase in lynch and murder
terror, and the growing mountain Of
evidence of the connection Of the
authorities with it, as part of the
drive against the living and social
conditions of the Negro masses, the
increasing use Of force against all
sections of the working class, both
white and Negro. in their struggles
for better living conditions, he's made
it necessary to begin at Baltimore
mass counter offensive against
lynch and murder terror. This will
be the main purpose of the confer
ence Of the League Of Struggle for
Negro Rights.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-11-11
COTTSBORO LYNCH CONSPIRACY AIDED BY ALABAMA OFFICIALS
Murder Gangs Organized to Lynch Scottsboro
Boys and International Labor Defense Attorneys
BY BILL dunno

The mass Of evidence In the hands
Of the Daily Worker shows that the
murder terror against Negroes in and
around Decatur, Alabama, is part of .
conspiracy to lynch the innocent
ScOttsboro boys, and part of a gem
eral campaign of lynch and murder
terror throughout the South.
Three recent events link the evil
dence in the hands of the Daily
Worker, showing organized lynch
sentiment in and around Decatur,
Alabama, encouraged directly by At
torney-General Knight, to name only
one Of the Alabama state officials,
with the Tuscaloosa lynching and
the torture and murder OF George
Armwood on the Eastern shore OF
Maryland, with Governor Richie,
who gives the same kind Of open
and covert support to the lynch gang
as Attorney General Knight furnishes
them in Alabama.
The first event is the refusal of
General Knight to allow
the recently formed committee Of
Southern liberals to examine the
grand jury records in the Tuscaloosa
case and his refusal to furnish pro-
lection for the committee.
The second event Is the statement
made In the report Of the Southern
Commission on the Study Of Lynch
ing which, while saying "a consun-
ing fear of Communism, injected by
the attempt of the International La
Dor Defense to force its way into the
case" was a factor in the Tusca-
loosa lynchings, has, because Of facts
that could not be concealed, to make
the following statement:
Immediate responsibility for this
situation and probably for the lynch
ings themselves, rests upon q local
secret organization with an elaborate
system OF espionage and intimida-
ton"
The International Labor Defense
has proved that the deputies and q
private detective shot down the Tus-
caloosa prisoners themselves, carry
ing out a well-organized murder plot
aided and abetted by Sheriff Sham
bin.
The third event confirming the
charges of the Daily Worker, is the
cynical and impudent letter sent by
Governor Ritchie of Maryland to
Robert Minor, trying to deny respon-
sibility for the legal and extra-legal
| lynch terror in MARYLAND when the
evidence collected by the Daily
Worker shows that Governor Richie
had knowledge Of the preparations tc
lynch Ar1nwood hours before the
lynching occurred.
The stats Of Alabama now intend,
to go through with the trial OF tbs
innocent Scottsboro boys in Decatur
This In spite Of, and certainly be-
cause of, the guilty knowledge Attor-
ney- General knight and other STATE
| officers have Of the wtipped-up lynch
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-11-11

them niggers mister
E. L. Perryman, Danville, said that
he believed "the Scottsboro niggers
should be sent to the hot seat" and
that he hoped that Attorney-General
Knight would send them there.
On the 31st day of August mfr.
Couch, of Falkville, said that he was
a good shot with the pistol and that
he would like to kill all of the Scots
boro negroes. He said that if he got
a chance he would kill them and that
every white man should do the same"
Between the Goth and Both of Aug
ust "a clerk in Brothers Meat Mar
ket,' in Hartselle, said that the peo-
pie wouldn't stand for them New
York lawyers come down here again
and do as they did before. They were
trying to tear down our customs Of
the South and make this niggers have
social rights with the white people, :"
An officer Of the National Guard,
a resident of Hartselle, said he would
like to see the Negroes taken out and
killed and that he didn't "have no use
for any of the black bastards."
Raymond Moore, Route 2, Decatur,
stated between october 22nd and
9th, that "all of them niggers and
their Jew lawyers should be killed
and the country wouldn't miss any
thing, and it would learn the other
niggers to stay in their places"
Griffith, Route 2, Decatur, said be-
tween the above dates that "if all of
the niggers was dead, why the South
would be better off and them Scots
boro niggers has caused lots of trouble
with the rest Of the niggers."
Joe Burt, Route 2, Decatur, said
between the above dates that eff they
ever turn those niggers loose, why
it will make the rest Of the niggers
do worse than ever before"
Q. R. Penn, Route 3, HartselIe. said
that he was of the opinion that not
only should the Negroes be killed, but
the lawyers also.
Patrick, FalkviIle, said that the
Negroes should be hanged, "by their
necks and that it would end this trial
and teach the rest of the niggers a
lesson"
w. T. Tucker, Route /, Hartselle
said that if ''the New York Jews
come here again, they ought to be
taken and lynched along with the
niggers."