davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1933-04-23
Forty Years Ago the DiSgruntled Agrieultur-
lists Put Their Trust in q Third Party, the
Populist; Today They Are Trying Direct
Action; but Though Their Methodist Differ;
Their Grievauces Are Much the Same

But thee will still be President nearly three
months, and the need is immediate that de-
lay might be fatal. We farmers earnestly hope
this relief can come in an orderly manner from
our duly constituted authorities instead of
leaving it to confusion and chaos. am serving
notice upon thee that We farmers must have
relief Immediately or there will inevitably en-
sue violence
That this was no idle threat was soon after
ward demonstrated only too clearly. Scores Of
organizations such as the Committees of Action
of the Nebraska Holiday Association, by show
Of force and threat Of violence, unlawfully pre-
vented the foreclosure Of mortgages. When the
v-abiding citizens protest to the sherifis they
get such replies as, I'VE are absolutely power
less in the face Of such organized outlawry."
The Populists of the sos went about this
business In . different way. Not outlawTy, but
law making was their method. They set up .
political party and elected many Of their candi-
dates, hoping thus to get relief from the unfair
burdens which they so bitterly resented
When the formidable political orator. Mrs.
Mary Elizabeth Lease, told the Kansas farmers
that what they needed was TO raise less corn
and more hell" she was not urging them to
lawlesmess and violence but merely to support
. party Of their own instead Of being horn
swoggled any longer BY the corrupt and un-
trustworthy old parties
CAID she: wall Street owns the country.
- The parties lie to us, and the political
speakers miSead us.
I'VE were told two years ago to 60 to work
and raise a big crop and that was all we needed.
We went TO work and plowed and planted; the
rains fell the sun shone nature smiled and we
raised the big crop that they told us to- and
what came Of 1t? Eight-cent corn, 10-cent
oats, 2-cent beef and no price at all for butter
and eggs-thats what came Of it.
I'VE want the accursed foreclosure system
wiped out. Land equal to q tract 30 miles
wide and 80 miles long has been foreclosed and
bought in by loan companies of Kansas in q
year. The people are at bay: let the blood
hounds Of money who have dogged US thus far
beware!"
The grievances sound familiar, though the
remedies proposed are different in that they
contemplate orderly political action rather than
armed resistance to unjust laws.
The planks in the Populist platform Of 1892
demanded currency imitation. including the free
and unlimited coinage Of silver; . graduated
income tax; economy in the administration Of
Government; postal savings banks; Government
ownership and operation Of the railway, tele-
graph and telephone systems; the restriction Of
Evening star., 1933-04-23

1896 and the sh0tness Of the European wheat
crop of 1897.
The worlds production of gold increased
rapidly thanks to the starting of new mines in
the Klondike and on the Rand in South Africa,
and to the invention of the cyanide process for
extracting gold from low-content ores. The
volume Of money In circulation also grew.
THE banks were aided by the emission Of
new bond issues to finance the war with
Spain and by the liberalization of the national
bank act. Increases In immigration expanded
the urban population greatly, making more
mouths to feed.
Since much of the farmers troubles grew
out of his inability to obtain easily and at
reasonable rates credit facilities. the admin
istration of Woodrow Wilson attempted to rem
edy this defect In our banking system.
In the Federal Reserve act of 1913, special
provisions were made for the handling of ag-
ricultural short-term paper, and the Federal
farm loan act Of 1916 was real step forward
in meeting the long-term credit difficulties Of
the farmers
Thanks to these and other causes, quite out
side the farmers control, American agriculture
enjoyed . gradually increasing prosperity In
the years before the World War And with
the war came the farmers economic millennium,
blissful but brief.
From 1915 to 1920 he became rich or at
least made . promising start in that direction
The war furnished an unparalleled market at
boom prices. The allies bought stupendous
quantities Of foodstuffs and cotton The needs
Of our own armies had to be supplied, and
later those Of devastated Europe
Prices Of farm products and of agricultural
lands went up and up and up American ag-
riculture expanded into marginal and sub
marginal lands: lands in which irrigation and
dry farming were needed to overcome made
quate rainfall.
Farm land which was worth $82 an acre In
1910 sold for 5000 an acre in 1920 Spring
wheat in 1918 sold for 90 cents bushed. In
1919 it was selling for $2.76. In the same
period corn jumped from 70 cents to 81 50:
cotton from 13 to 80 cents
The American farmer hopefully prepared for
bigger and better things ahead. enlarging and
improving his equipment, often borrowing
money on mortgage to do it.
Then came deflation, sudden and devastating.
Land values took plunge; crop prices went
along, often reaching the lowest levels known
for a generation. But the mortgages remained.
So did the high taxes to pay for public I'M
provements lavishly begun in the boom days.
Between 1920 and December, 1892 taking
the average level Of prices between 1909 and
1914 as 100. grains fell from 231 to 33 fruits
and vegetables from 249 to SO. cotton and cot
tonseed from N8 to 43 and meat animals
from 173 to So.
Evening star., 1933-04-23

OF course, the farmer shares with the rest
~ of the Nation the evil effects of our we'll
known depression, but most of his would-be
helpers list several specific causes that have
had directly adverse effect on his fortunes.
Such lists usually include the following: ~
Overexpansion Of agricultural lands (2) In
creased productivity, through improved man
agement and machinery. go Greater COM
petition in the markets of the world, especially
from Canada, Australia, Argentina and Russia.
"a Unsettled political conditions and poverty
among potential customer nations abroad. (5)
Substitution Of machines for draft animals.
CO.. A protective tariff which benefits industry
at the expense Of agriculture. CD Increased
charges for freight, storage and processing.
90 Increased taxation. 90 Excessive interest
charges Q0) Unfair grain trading and ex-
cessive profits for the middleman.
To be sure, since 1920 the Government has
made many efforts In the farmers behalf, but
they have not worked, and today the farmer
himself seems almost to have abandoned poait-
ical efforts for his own rescue.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-02-08
Farley Will Remain State
Chairman, Keep Hands
on Patronage.

6g tHitcd Press
MIAMI, Fla, Feb. "a definite
indication that President Elect
Roosevelt will lend himself to a
movement to break the power of
John F. Curry, leader of Tammany
Hall, was seen today in authorita-
tive reports that James A. Farley
would retain his position as Demo-
cratic state chairman in New York
after he becomes postmaster general
in the cabinet in which will assume
office March 4.
Farley will remian both state and
national chairman. it was under
stood, and will retain his close con-
troll over maintenance of the po-
litical machinery of the Democratic
party.
AS both New York state and ma
tional chairman, Farley would be
able to exercise powerful control,
through patronage distribution, over
1884 congressional races, it was
pointed out.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-02-08
LAND
TARGET AT HEARING
Realtors Lead Attack; Bill
Finds No Opponents.

From S45,OO0,O0O to S5O,OOO,OOO
worth Of property in Marion county
is escaping taxation, supporters of
a bill to limit tax exemption of
charitable. religious, fraternal, lit
erary, scientific and educational in
stitutions told the ways and means
committee of the house of represent
atives Tuesday afternoon.
No one appeared to speak against
the bill. Those heard in its
support included Representative
Thomas A. Hendricks Dem, In
dianapolis), one of its authors; AL
bert E. Uhl, president of the Indiana
Real Estate Association; William H
Book, secretary of the Indianapolis
Chamber Of Commerce civic affairs
committee, and Lawrence G. Holmes
secretary Of the indianapolis Real
Estate Board.
Under provisions Of the bill. in
situations would be taxed for all in
come producing property, exemption
applying, to only such property as is
used for their primary purposes.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-02-08
II Per Cent Wine Urged
Pending Dry Law Repeal

cent. This would legalize chiefly
four standard brands of wine,
claret, burgundy, reisling and sau-
terne.
While California as the nation S
leading grape-producing state had
led the wine mems battles hereto
fore, the coming drive will be led
from the east.
Organization plans now center in
New York, the second largest grape
state. Other states participating
will be: Ohio, Illinois, Pennsylvania.
New Jersey, Michigan, Missouri,
Oklahoma, Alabama, Tennessee and
Virginia.
1t is claimed that the new con-
gress will have a wine bloc of at
least 245 votes in the house. This
bloc will work with the beer mcdifi-
cationists, but will carry the wine
cause as a separate movement.
The organization of grape states
will, it is said, be headed up by a
small general council. Chiefly active
in local plans is Attorney Marion
DeVries, a former congressman.
DeVries wrote the wine bill for the
present congress and has been
representing the California winners.
In the meantime. California grape
men are being organized to save
that states SS5OOOO,0O0 grape in
dustry.
Wine men are not interested in
the pending beer-wine bill, legaliz-
ing 3.05 beer and wine. They claim
there is no such thing as sos per
cent wine.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-02-08
Not a Beverage, But a Food,
to Be Theory of Con-
greSS Drive.
BY MAX STERN
Times STAFF Writer

WASHINGTON, Feb. ga cam
paign for legal IL per cent American
wine is planned by a nation wide
organization of grapegrowing states
The wine men plan drive on the
special session of the new Demo
cratic congress. While they will
support the repeal amendment, they
will advocate an interim wine
legalization measure.
The proposed measure is to fit in
under the eighteenth amendment
on the following theory:
acknowledgements and unforti-
fed grape juice is not a beverage
but a food. 1t invariably is drunk
with meals in the home and in no.
tells. When drunk with meals it is
notwithstanding in fact Its manu-
facture and sale contemplates no
return of the saloon. In making an
exception in favor of wine making
for home use Section % of the Vol
stead Act already assumes the non
intoxicating nature of wine.
To give this theory more support.
the wine proponents will conflne
their demands to dry wine. that is.
wine that is not fortified with SUI
gar or ale hol md with an alcoholic
contont OF not more than II per
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-02-08
Emergency Work Men Are
Used on Garbage Routes

Criticism against increased num-
Der Of workers on ash and garbage
collection routes was met today by
the sanitary board with the approx
al Of printed explanation that the
majority of the workers are basket
men" receiving no salaries.
AS a matter Of fact, We have
been forced to discharge twenty of
our regular employees under the 1888
budget, said Maurice z. Tenant,
board president. I'VE have aug
mented our depleted force by the
use Of men supplied from the office
Of the township trustee. The extra
crews have brought criticism from
taxpayers, who evidently believe
these men are on the city payroll"
The board ordered the printing
of tags which wiz be placed on each
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-02-08

know this Pete illinois. I recog-
nized him when I was trying to
make a buy from him. He's
wanted as a fugitive from justice"
J-37 learned from Arnold the.
various resorts Nash usually fire.
quented.
Il have an idea he'll want me to
see him at a speakeasy in East
Fifty-second street. Arnold said.
He also gave other actresses.
To each of these J-37 sent a
trusted man, instructed to be on
watch during the afternoon and
evening for Arnold, Nash, and
other narcotic agents. The great
est care had to be used, inasmuch
as charges of bribery we're under
investigation and also because one
federal department was in
vestigating another.
The trap worked.
One Of the Bureaus men was in
the room when Nash met Arnold
at the East Fifty-second street
resort, and overheard his CONVEX
Sation-
Nash-"T'm still interested in
the illinois case"
Arnold-"YeS?"
When you see illinois at
the restaurant, on Hamilton
street, Brooklyn, failed to identify
him. That will give him an out"
Arnold nodded his head.
y II
4 BUREAU agent planted by
L n J-37 was outside the res
taurant when Arnold and Nash
and third narcotic agent ap-
peared. They went inside and
stayed short time. When they
reappeared they were followed by
another man.
J-37 recognized him as Phillip
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-02-08
TRAITOR IN OWN TRAP


This is the first Of series Of inside
stories OF the United States bureau of
investigation that far-hung and little
known arm Of the government that has
solved thousands of crimes.
The 800 operatives. all college men.
working in a secrecy that often leaves
them unknown to one another get con-
victions in 96 per cent Of their cases
under the departmental motto Get the
evidence first
Because of the bureaus secrecy. credit
for arrests usually is passed on to local
peace officers and this series. based on
information from the files of the bureau
Of investig5 ton and other sources. tells
for the first time the agents part in
many famous cases.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-02-08
AGREE ON COST
OF WATERWAY
New York State to Pay
$4,000 900 Toward
Power Development.

BIZ Scripps-H otcard Newspaper Alliance
WASHINGTON, Feb. 6-New
York state engineers and United
States army engineers have agreed
that New York state should pay
$89,OOO,OOO toward the cost of the
proposed st. Lawrence power and
waterway development.
That amount was determined as
the sum properly due to power, in a
secret conference held here Monday
between representatives of the New
York state power authority and
members of the board of army en-
glneers. The remainder of the
United States share of the cost of
the project, it was decided, should
be assessed as navigation costs and
borne by the federal government.
The agreement, settling dis
pute of several years, paveS the way
for action on ratification of the
UAeaOy WIN CanaQa early IN the
next session Of congress.
Senator Thomas Walsh Dem.
MONTH, a leader in the fight fol-
ratification, confirmed reports of the
agreement.
The Montana senator announced
that the Borah subcommittee. OF
which he is member, would meet
Friday to hear the testimony of the
engineers, and predicted that at the
conclusion of the hearings the sub
committee would report the treaty
back to the full committee on
foreign relations with the recon-
mendation that it be ratified. The
full committee, he said, will meet
Wednesday Of next week.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-02-08
$1,25O,OOO LOANED
BY HOME LOAN BANK
Entire Capital to Be Gone by
May, Says Cannon.

More than S1,25O,O0O has been
loaned by the Indianapolis Home
Loan bank, and, at the present
rate, the entire 100000 capital
will have been loaned by May Ro-
tarians were told Tuesday by Fer
NOR S. Cannon, bank director
Cannon declared the home loan
bank system is a conservative and
fundamentally sound method of
putting money into circulation in
places where it will be of most
value.
Eventually the home loan bank
system will place the life blood of
credit back into commerce" he said.
1T is the plan of the bank to
circulate money in the hands of
labor, material men, those who
need it for taxes, and those who
have been deprived of mortgage
Accommodations.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-02-08

another 25 per cent salary cut on
all those paid more than 500 a year.
The state administration bill to
give the state purchasing agent con-
troll over purchase of supplies also
was presented in the senate.
Repeal of the 50-cent mortgage
filing fee is provided in a bill re-
portd favorably today by tn esenate
finance committee. If adopted. this
measure wipes out another of the
emergency laws" passed by the
1882 special session of the assembly.
Repeal of the teacher tenure law,
advocated by Senator Henry F.
Schricker Dem, KNOB was allowed
to rest in the upper house Tuesday.
Schricker said that he did not ex-
pect to call his measure for final
vote, as another bill has been intro
duced in the house.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-02-08

Speaking in support of the reso-
luton, Senator Chester A. Perkins
Dem, South Bend, said that
members of the third house are
getting thick around here, and
senators should know who they are,
who they represent, and what they
want"
Another resolution, providing that
systems of taxation should be left to
the assembly, was approved today.
This calls for submission of an
amendment to the state Constitu-
ton to voters at the first general
election following the assembly Of
1885, if the same resolution again is
approved by that body.
Advocates of an income tax sys-
tenn supported this resolution, claim
ing it will do away with all doubts
as to whether an income tax now
would be constitutional.
Two measures affecting the $3.50
tax limit law were advanced in the
oCAAdIC.l. DULL It's 10 (4dll1lCQs WOO4N
strengthen the present law by pro-
viding power to make additional
levies to pay debts of state units
contracted prior to Aug. 8, 1882, the
date the $3.50 law went into effect.
These bills are necessary, their
authors claim, to prevent courts
from declaring the $3.50 law uncon-
stitutional because it 'impairs the
obligation of a contract"
Providing that employers shall
pay employees at least twice a
month, bill, already approved by
the house, today was passed in the
senate.
A salary reduction bill. which
they claim will save from $4,000 900
to S10,O00,0O4 in governmental units
throughout the state, was introduced
by the seven Republican senators.
1t provides for changing the deci-
NAL used in the salary reduction
formula bill passed at the special
session from so to 5 and thus add
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-02-08

ash can at the time the workers
make their collection.
The tags will read:
Because Of drastic reduction Of
income, the board Of sanitary COM
missioners has been able to main
tain the regular collection of ashes
and garbage this winter only
through the use Of a large number
of "emergency-work" men as help
ers. These men receive no wages.
but perform this work in order to
earn their allotments of food and
fuel, given to them as unemploy-
ment relief by your township
trustee. They faithfully are per-
Clearance Week. Read the Want
to your gratitude and praise. Ex-
cept for their help, collections would
be made only half as oft4n as now"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-02-08

A. De Stephano, a former mar
cotic agent.
At this point J-37's report to
Director Hoover reads:
DE Stefano gave roll of bills to
Nash. Followed them to speak
easy at 449 Pearl street, Manhat-
tan, where another special agent
was on watch"
1t was Special Agent J-65 who
saw the clinching piece of action
in this case.
Nash and Arnold stood at the
bar, talking generalities. Nash
reached in his pocket and drew
out roll of bills. Carefully, so
gently that Arnold did not feel
it, he dropped the money into
his brother agents coat pocket.
Since the bureau was informed
on every action Nash was taking,
there was no reason to make an
immediate arrest. So, not know
ing that he was in the trap, Nash
talked and boosted and gave in
formation He thought he had
something on" Arnold, so he spoke
freely.
n
DUT of De Stefano the bureau
- wanted to be sure. When he
went to telephone, J-37 touched
him on the arm and ushered him
to waiting automobile.
All that night, a gay man
about-town in appearance, rather
than a government operative,
Narcotic Agent Nash was kept
close company by bureau men. At
the same time members of the
narcotic ring, whose names had
been found on papers in Nashs
desk, were being arrested.
When Nash came cut of
speakeasy in midtown a little
after midnight J-37 stepped up
to him.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-02-08

you are under arrest" he said,
"for bribery, attempting to suborn
perjury and conspiracy to obstruct
justice"
Nash wheeled on Arnold, started
to shout hot words and quoted
suddenly.
You can't touch me-" he said,
81 have too many friends"
We'll see about that" said J-37.
TINE bureaus trap had been
Il perfect. Before dawn the
entire case had been cleared up,
and inside OF six weeks it was on
trial before Federal Judge John
M. Woolsey. Wires had been
pulled for Nash vainly.
John A. Wilson. assistant United
States attorney, was assigned by
Medalie to rush the case. Using
the bureaus reports, he drove
home points against Nash and De
Stefano. The jury was out nine
hours and returned with verdict
of guilty against both.
In sentencing Nash and De Ste
fano Judge Woolsey said: This is
a unique Casa conspiracy of one
government agent to bride an
other. 1t is so heinous an offense
that I shall impose the maximum
penalty-f1ve years in Atlanta
penitentiary and fines of $4,000
each"
The drug ring never has been so
daring since then.
The bureau investigation, work
ing like skilled surgeon against
time, had cut a dangerous growth
from the government service.
And Arnold, congratulated on
all sides, went home to his wife
with a salary increase.
Next: The White Iadv
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-02-08
DRAFT BILLS FOR NEW
J0BLESS RELIEF SETUP
Measures TO Be Introduced in Legis-
lature Soon, Says McNutt.

Bills setting up new unemploy-
ment relief machinery for the state
organization, headed by Fred Hoke,
are being completed today and will
be introduced in the legislature
shortly, it was announced by Gov
ernor Paul V. McNutt.
Under the McNutt program,
Wayne Coy. secretary to the
Governor, will handle the direct
activities, formerly in charge of DR..
John Hewitt during the Leslie adj
ministration. Hewitt has been func-
tioning under the new regime until
now.
Repeal Of the 1892 special session
poor relief districting bill affecting
Indianapolis, which resulted in
holding up Of bond issues because
of litigation and made necessary
borrowing of federal funds, will be
provided in a second bill TO be in
troduced under the Hoke plan.
A third bill would appropriate
$4,000 to pay salaries and travelling
expenses Of relief commission. 2
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-02-08
SCOUT TROOP TO HOLD
PARENT SON BANQUET
Annual Event to Be Held Thurs
day at Northwood Church.

Boy Scout Troop Is will hold it's
annual parent-son banquet at $50
Thursday in the Northwood Chris
tan church. F. o. Belzer, scout
executive, will speak on The Fu-
ture of Scouting"
c. V. Sorenson will talk on The
Parents Point Of View" Second
class badges will be awarded Rich
ard Kitchell and Richard Edwards.
The troop will receive trophies
won in the recent city-wide rally
when it tied with Troop Is for first
place.
Glenn F. Findley is scoutmaster.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1933-02-08
U. s. IS SHOWED
ON SPOT IN
DEBT FARLEY
Europe in Position to Make
the Terms; What Can
We Do?
CANCELLATION SOUGHT
Can't Be Collected With
Guns: No Way Pay Can
Be Forced.

Here is the first of two articles out
lining Americas difficulties in the COM
ing war debt negotiations. showing that
our government has legal rights but
Europe is in a position almost to make
the terms.