davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1933-05-07
Second Extra Session May Be Needed
To Provide Safeguards Against Initiation

central banking systems Of the world
upon concerted credit policies directed
toward higher prices everywhere, in
cluding this country.
In such circumstances of incalculable
changes In price levels, the French may
be reluctant, as they have already plain
ly intimated, to reduce their tariff du-
ties, and the British, as they likewise
have already plainly intimated, may be
reluctant to stabilize their pound. The
negotiations on those points may be-
come extremely protracted. They may
not come to an outright issue and con-
clusion, one way or the other, till well
on into the Fall or Winter.
X
The administration may thereupon
find itself obligated to protect our do
mestic situation by further domestic
legislative measures. The temporary
beneficiaries of the imitation may begin
to be out-shouted politically by its tenn
porary victims. The Wilson admins
tration and the Harding administration
were willing to go into the courts tc
secure injunctions against strikers. The
Roosevelt administration would not
seem to be OF nature to adopt that
expedient 1t would seem to be much
more likely to attempt to redress griey-
ances by further relief" laws enacted
by Congress
1t is through such reasoning that
many calculators here and in New York
expect to see Congress sitting in Wash
ington again well before the Winte,
snow arrives. They think that it Will
then address itself either to making wage.
and salaries share the advances O,
prices or else to putting prices them.
case. 1t will, they think. try to com.
plete its legislation Of this Spring b,
legislation embracing and forwardins
the interests Of all classes combined.
An OF which Is In strict accordance
with the experience of other countries
In which 1t has always been found tina,
governmental Intervention on behalf O,
prices tends strongly to lead toward ad.
dltional governmental Intervention or
Denall OF all the other elements in thu
national economic structure.
Copyright. 1881
Evening star., 1933-05-07
THE COST'OF EDUCATION
BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN.

With the volume of tax receipts OF
local jurisdiction greatly diminished as
an incident Of the depression. there has
developed a tendency to reduce the
amounts of money spent on our educa-
tional system. While this has been
strongly opposed, many communities
feel that they cannot afford the sums
called for to maintain the educational
plant. In the aggregate it is a huge
sum.
Several communities have been un-
able to pay their teachers, notably Chi
cago and Philadelphia. Others have re-
sorted to issuance of scrip, which does
nature of an l. o. U. While some land
lords and merchants have accepted some
of this, 1t cannot be depended upon
by the recipients to discharge all Of
their obligations.
In 1880 total of 1924 ,638,567 was
expended by the educational institutions
of the country. OF this So, ,656, ,420 81 6
was expended by public schools and
arose from taxation, while S578,218,251
was expended by private schools and
came from payment of tuition and the
proceeds of endowments.
The cost of education has been stead
penditures show all communities have
increased their outlay. some multiplying
it. The chief cost Is for the payment Of
salaries. and these have increased on an
average Of 100 per cent. According to
the Bureau of the Census, the average
teachers salary has risen from S87l a
year in 1920 to 81 APO in 1880. Accord
ing to the 1880 census there were 1,037, =
COS school teachers in the country. This
amounted to 3.5 of the aggregate of
those gainfully employed in all occu-
pations.
There is a wide range in the amounts
of salaries paid in different sections Of
the country, but everywhere they have
been increased. In New York. for ex-
ample, the average school teachers SAL
ary is s2,493, while in Mississippi it is
only $500, yet the Mississippi figure has
increased more in proportion than that
for New York. Between 1920 and 1880
the New York salary cost rose 171.7 per
cent, while in Mississippi it rose 257 per
cent.
How Money Is Raised.
In New York, California. New Jersey
and the District of Columbia the aver
age salaries exceeded $4,000, while only
about half that was paid in such States
as Alabama. Arkansas, Florida, Georgia,
Kentucky, the Carolinas and Virginia.
While the salary list is the main item
in the cost Of education, the investment
In plant and equipment must also be
counted. For 1880 this investment was
placed at S11 1,217,00O. This figure in
cludes the amount of endowments and
all property owned by the schools. The
value of the actual structures used for
school purposes was s6,211 1927 900. This
Evening star., 1933-05-07
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
Weeds and Wishing.

VCCoS s1hu w lSuluBs
I'm glad, when rainbow skies are here
And weeds and flowers, too,
Come forth, that dreams I once hele
dear
Did not at last come true.
When. as small, knee-panted boy,
My hopes would drift afar.
I thought what I would most enjoy
Would be to drive a car
A plain horse car-no motor gay
I longed in state to sit
Like old Joe Dagget did and say,
"Giddep! Col darn ye! Git!"
And later on I scorned old Joe.
I thought I'd like to be
A sailor singing "Yo heave ho!"
While pirating at sea.
Then devotedly longed to play
A big resounding drum.
So change my dreams and-well-a.
day
still am dreaming some
AS onward through the years we drift
Our fond ideals change,
We smile as the conditions shift
At wishes crude and strange.
Therefore some thanks are due
Unto the fate that shelves
Our cherished hopes-if all came true
How we have bunked ourselves!
Evening star., 1933-05-07
ONE LAW
BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN. D. D, LIZ D,
Bishop of WashinEon. -

every rule designed to regulate social
and industrial relations, creating a con-
dition that menaces and imperils the
large interests Of communities and states
alike. Possibly at no time in our his
tory have malevolent and violent forces
been so emboldened as In these more
recent years. The situation is one that
must engage the deep concern of every
citizen What lies behind this grave
condition? Is 1t not in part, definite
and unchecked lowering of the moral
tone Of the Nation as whole?
We have thought to stabilize our
selves through legal enactments. Our
passion for legislation has led us to
believe that In the multitude of laws
is our strength. We have in the post
war years been so busy rehabilitating
our impaired forces, restoring our
estate, that we have given scant heed
to those strong moral and spiritual
forces that constitute the abiding and
indispensable assets of any people. We
have reluctantly recognized as an es-
sential concomitant Of well ordered
social life, the church and its al
lied agencies. We have come to re-
gard Sunday as a day of privileged
our selfish occupation and amusements,
and we have been unresponsive to those
finer. deeper things that concern our
spiritual enrichment and development
The whole emphasis has been upon
material values.
In such a situation it Is little wonder
that many Of our laws are neglected
or ignored. They do not enforce them
selves; without high ideals of what con-
sistent living should be they are in
operative. May 1t not be that the dis
ciplines and privations of the present
are forcing us to soberer thinking,
compelling us to reckon with those
enduring values that alone make for
character?
Where there is no vision, the people
perish" is a word that has lost none
OF its profound significance. We shall
restore and make sure those things in
our life that we most desire, when we
once again turn our faces to the eternal
God who has made and preserved us
q Nation. We shall become obedient to
law when we have more of reverence
for things sacred
Evening star., 1933-05-07

dcally q British government concern,
has enjoyed monopoly Of oil produc-
ton in Persia. under q concession,
originally granted to private British
interests in 1901 and which embraced
about fve-sixths of Persia's entire terri
tory The new agreement now sealed
between the oil company and the Te-
heran government, whereby the British
surrender the greater part of their vast
concession, ends controversy which
had gone to the Council of the League
Of Nations and as recently as couple
Of months ago threatened to have seri-
Gus political consequences in Asia.
The new deal In Persian oil owes its
origin to the virile nationalism that
led to the revolution Of 1925 and put
Shah Ria Khan on the throne. The
Shah and his supporters fomented agi-
tation against the oil concession on the
ground that it gave an opening for
British aggression in Persia, and had
been the product Of the previous cor
rupt government. Last November Ria
Khan formally denounced the oil con-
cession and insisted that it would have
to be drastically modified. Great Brit
ain at first essayed to fight out the
issue before the League. but, deciding
that discretion is the better part Of
valor. even in diplomacy, finally re-
sorted to negotiations.
From now until 1888 the area of the
Anglo Persian concession will be $50, 900
square miles, instead Of the original
500, 1000. After 1898 the area will be
loo, 900 square miles, or q fifth Of iti
dimensions at this time. The British
company loses its exclusive right for
pipe lines, as from May /; pays four
shillings a ton to the Persian govern
ment on oil sold in the country or
exported. and twenty per cent Of the
company's profits. whether made in
Persia or abroad; accounts to Persia IL
taxation during the next fifteen years
for f225, 900 and during the second If
teen years for 100000; replaces pro-
gressively its foreign employees by Per-
SLAMS, and will spend 10000 year
in educating Persians in Great Britain
Thus ends, and ends amicably, one
of the greatest politico-commercial
transactions on international record. A
powerful empire, on which it is proudly
boasted that the sun never sets, comes
to terms with a small country upon
which the empire might have imposed
its will, but obviously at a cost which
the stronger party to the controversy
considered too high price to pay. The
Anglo-Persian Gil deal is a triumph for
practical craftsmanship. Its consum-
nation does credit to both parties
Evening star., 1933-05-07
Peace in Persian Oil.

As result of some of the most rapid
ly completed international negotiations
on contemporary record, Great Britain
and Persia have buried their diffG-
ences over the Persian oilfields and
reached an agreement covering an area
which originally comprehended 100000
square miles. The revised agreement
can only be considered q decisive vic
tory for the Persians. It ensues in that
spirit of political compromise for which
the British race and the statesmen 1t
produces have a positive genius. John
Bull knows how to give way, and when,
and usually profits in the end as the
result of his magnanimity. whether
voluntary or impelled by self-interest.
For more than twelve years the
Anglo Persian Oil Co., which Is prac-
Evening star., 1933-05-07

represented an increase of 1878 per
cent over the figure for 1920.
Seventy-eight per cent Of the cost Of
maintaining the schools in 1880 was
met by taxation. Education has always
been the province Of the States and 10
cal jurisdictions in the United States.
With the exception of the land-grant
colleges, the Federal Government pays
nothing save for the maintenance Of
the ONCE Of Education, but this Is only
an advisory branch. Only eight-tenths
system was met by theNFederal Govern
ment. This compares with 1853 Der
cent by the States, 54 per cent by cities
ana school districts and SO per cent by
counties. The remaining cost came
from gifts and tuition.
II has long been the policy Of Amer
lean jurisdictions to borrow for educa-
tion. Many millions in school bonds
have been issued. The cost of paving
the interest on these bonds has come to
be an important item in the total edu-
cational cost. Thirty-four States owe
school bonds, the aggregate amounting
to $2,l20. .795,000. Pennsylvania owes
the heaviest school bond debt, an item
,fors OF s272' q, '7sS: 900; but New Jersey owes
pills enrolled. The New Jersey debt
amounts to 1921 SO for each pupil. New
York owes $3.50, lat 900, but SO heavy
Is the enrolment that the State ranks
fifteenth in terms of debt per pupil.
These debts have mounted so high
that they have proved an embarrass-
ment and while 1t has been the policy
to mortgage future tax receipts in or
der to pay for immediate education,
there are indications that this will be
checked. A policy Of payment out Of
current tax receipts has been strongly
urged There has been a temptation
to borrow largely on school bonds be-
cause they usually find a ready market,
being exempt from the Federal income
tax.
A number Of the large endowed
schools have been seriously embarrassed
in the last two G' three years because
OF the decline IL the value of their Sc
curities. Endowment funds which were
invested in high-grade railroad and in
dustrial stocks have been producing
much less income through the passing
of dividends or their diminution.
Disagreement on Policies.
There are two distinct parties In at
titude toward educational expenses. One
numerous party thinks that any amount
spent on education is justified because
it represents an inestimable investment
in the future. The raising Of success
sive generations of better trained youths
will pay for anything spent in the
process. it is contended. Another party
holds that schools have been regarded
in an emotional rather than a practical
manner and that there has been great
deal of wastefulness in spending money
for specialties, fads and frills.
Evening star., 1933-05-07

"One law shall be to him that Is
homeborn, and unto the stranger that
sojourneth among you"
A nations security resides in obe-
dience to its laws. The above passage
is taken from the records of an an
cient people. Its application is obvious.
The lawmaker was simply emphasizing
the indispensableneSS Of the law as ap-
piled without discrimination to home
born and alien alike. The stateme:,5 is
automatic in character. To have one
law for the native and one for the
alien Is inconceivable.
Every now and again a situation
arises in our corporate life where an
effort is made to contravene or cir
cumvent the operation of law in the
interest Of some select few, and 1t in
evitably issues in confusion and dis
aster. Disorders that disrupt society
frequently arise out of such practices.
In all orderly and happy living condi-
mine equitably and impartially right
human relationships. Much of the dis
order and confusion that has issued in
traceable to the failure Of some of US
as citizens Of the state to govern our
selves consistently with laws which we
ourselves have fashioned. We refuse
to abide by our own definite and pre-
scribed rules. contending that for some
cherished conceit, born Of our own self
ish desires we are immune to that which
Is designed for the common good. Ex-
amples Of this are before us daily and
they inevitably produce conditions in
our corporate life that impern our peace
and our permanence. We repeat. our
security, yes, and our prosperity as
well, reside in obedience to law. We
may not forget that law Is the crystal
lized expression of public opinion ef-
fected through properly constituted
channels and that its essential pur-
pose is to conserve the interests not of
the few but Of the many. Our youths
today, as Is evidenced by our court
records, are witnessing to a disregard
Of the restraints and inhibitions which
law imposes.
Another class, increasingly numerous,
has grown up in the late years that
wantonly and maliciously sets at naught
Evening star., 1933-05-07

ding automobile accessories suffered
the least. The total loss on these
scores was somewhat over $4,000.
The secretaries and managers of the
bureaus making up the National Re
tail Credit Association, who share with
Department of Commerce experts the
work Of compiling these reports, point
out that their main object is ito pro-
mote sound credit management through
research and education" During this
period Of reconstruction profound
This is being realized by organized
groups of business men who have
asked the Department of Commerce
and the various retail credit associa-
tions to collect and classify reliable
factual information as to credit prac-
tices and conditions.
.(Copyrisht. 1o33.l -
Evening star., 1933-05-07

law protects the city's ornaments, but
an informed public opinion should aid
in their preservation. It lies in the
power of all citizens to cooperate with
the authorities in matters Of this kind.
Vandalism Is totally indefensfble
form of misbehavior. 1t is an express
sion of deformed or perverted pSy-
Geological character. A man or woman,
boy or girl, capable of destroying an
object simply for the joy Of infiicting
injury on an inanimate substance Is in
danger Of being judged a pathologic
anarchist. Granted that the instinct
to smash things is common in the
observation Of students of human con-
duct, it still is to be deplored that
such a savage trait persists. 1t should
be eliminated. Especially in children
it should be controlled. No child
should be encouraged to express him.
SELF in terms of nihilism. The notion
that an anti-social action may be con-
doned if it is done by en- individual
"too young to know E--...er" Is nom
sense. Even an infant can be taught
to have regard for his own belongings
and for those OF others.
But even if badly-trained youngsters
are the principal agents of destruction.
it is the adult population that has the
major responsibility. Mature minds
too often set unworthy examples for
immature minds. OF course, grown
ups should practice the respect for all
varieties of property which society has
the right to require. Civic monuments,
particularly, ought to be guarded by
old and young alike. They have a
sacred status as dedicated to national
patriotic and esthetic ideals.
Evening star., 1933-05-07
Records Show Changes
In Credit Situation
BY HARDEN COLFAx

At a time when no one can predict
the credit developments of even a few
months ahead, the Department of
Commerce is providing business men
with useful records showing the
changes In credit conditions in recent
months.
The department, which has had the
cooperation of the National Retail
Credit Association, has just made pub
llc Its sixth ,semi-annual retail credit
survey.
The report shows that dollar sales
in the United States decreased by ap-
proxlmately "a per cent from the fig
ures OF the corresponding period of
1881. There was slight increase in
the proportion Of sales for cash and
falling of in the proportions of open
cred1t-regular charge accounts-and
nstallment sales. What are known
to the retail merchant as time open
accounts receivable" were outstanding,
than in 1881, while installment ac-
counts were out about one month
longer. Bad debt losses increased by
just short Of per cent for the full
year 1882, as compared with 1881, in
the case OF open accounts and by
nearly 112 per cent in the case of So
called hstallment accounts.
This survey is based on data from
Ais retail establishments, including de-
partment stores and stores devoted to
the sale OF furniture, jewelry, mems
c!otnmg, SHOES, Women's specialties,
electrical appliances and automobile
accessories, located in 30 cities, which.
IN the last six months of 1881, did a
total net sale business of more than
s5o9, 200, 900.
Estimating that retail prices fell
from IL to IA per cent during 1882.
the compilers Of this survey point out
that dollar sales declined during the
six-month period more than the gen.
eral price level, so that unit sales
probably were considerably less. The
dollar sales Of electrical appliance
stores showed the greatest decline.
those handling automobile accessories
the smallest. Indianapolis had the
smallest decrease in total net sales
and Portland, Oreg., the greatest.
| On all sorts Of credit terms elec-
trical appliance stores did the largest
proportion of business, more than 90
per cent, In 1891, while in 1882 this
place was taken by furniture stores.
Returns and allowances were less than
In 1881, with department stores run
ming highest in this respect. It Is also
noteworthy that In the last half of
1882 there was less Of what the retail
merchant calls fraudulent buying than
In 1881 and fewer fraudulent checks
offered. Furniture and women's spe-
cialty stores had to wait for payment,
on the average, longer than other
stores, with the delays varying from
some five months in cities of the South
west to more than q year in several
cities Of the West.
\ i \
Bad debt losses on both open and
installment credit accounts showed q
higher percentage relation to total sales
In stores dealing in jewelry and elec-
| trical appliances, with department
stores well down on the list. The Mid
die and Far West made the poorest
showings here. As to bad checks Of
fered and other forms of So-called
fraudulent buying, electrical appliance
stores suffered most. while stores ban
Evening star., 1933-05-07

Germany wants the drama included
in Olympian competition. An interpre-
tation of the Twilight of the Gods" on
modern political lines might be an in
teresting feature.
Evening star., 1933-05-07

The bonus men are invited to join in
a method now favored in responsible
interviews on public questions; that is
to review the situation dispassionately
and give everybody chance to find out
exactly what he is talking about.
Evening star., 1933-05-07

The stock market is represented as
responding to supply and demand. The
supply of speculative dollars has in
creased. The demand for them always
exists.
Evening star., 1933-05-07

riage way and that when he was trying
to get out ne had no idea of making his
escape, but once outside he intended to
stay. Sergt. Redway of the second pre-
cinct captured him at a house on Fourth
street northwest about 5 O'Clock pm,
secreted between two BEDS"
Evening star., 1933-05-07
Rate by MaiI-Payable in Advance.
MARYLAND and Virginia.
All Other States and Eanaoa.
Nauobor NJ the Associated presS.

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled
to une use republication of all news dis
patches created to it or not otherwise cred.
tied in this paper and also the l0;ai news
published herein All rights of publisation OF
special dispatches herein are also reserved.
Evening star., 1933-05-07

The pound is valued at 81. which
sounds better in London than in New
York, where a dollar must be figured
as worth a quarter Of a pound.
Evening star., 1933-05-07
Popularity Not So Easy.

do you try to represent the old
school Of statesmanship?"
Not as I once knew it." answered
Senator Sorghum. "A man In Congress
can no longer hope to get by with q
few speeches printed in the Record and
steady supply of picture post cards."
Evening star., 1933-05-07
Snitchers.

From the Sioux Falls Daily Argus-Leader.
Bandits who stole $160.0O0 from Ne
braska banks last week appear to have
violated the anti-hoarding regulations.
Evening star., 1933-05-07
Sailing the Dove.

The Dove Of Peace that flies so fast
In its pursuit new styles prevail
Big guns no more we'll try to cast
To throw salt peter on its tail.
Evening star., 1933-05-07
The Evening Star Newspaper Company
Rate BY Carrier Within the City.

The Evening Star. ....... .45c per month
The Evening and Sunday Star
twhen Sundays. ........ soc per month
The Evening and Sunday Star
(when Sundays. CSC per month
The Sunday Star. sc per copy
Collection made at the END OF each month
Orders may be sent in by mail or telephone
National 5000.
Evening star., 1933-05-07
Misunderstood.

A man who says II am misunderstood" !"
Might find the truth slight surprise
to him;
Disclosing that his words 50 fair have
not made good
And that the folks at last are getting
wise to him.
Evening star., 1933-05-07

Arrangements are insisted on that
will find work for Muscle Shoals in a
comprehensive economic program.
Evening star., 1933-05-07

Jud Tunkins says good Rotarian sense
causes a town to make the welcome
to Our City" sign more conspicuous
than Keep Oh the Grass"
Evening star., 1933-05-07

"Credulity," said Hi Ho. the sage OF
Chinatown, SHOULD be tempered by
skepticism. To believe all doctors and
to believe none Of them prove equally
fatal"
Evening star., 1933-05-07
Utilization.

when a tree Is dying" said the
forestry expert, I'VE sell it Immediately
to q paper mandatory"
How marvelous!" exclaimed Miss
Cayenne. 1.-The tree that made this
comic supplement must have died In
ccnvulsion."