davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31
|Sidelights on Trial of Scottsboro Defendants

I H. STEWART is a member of the
y jury commission Of Jackson
County.
do you know or have you heard
Of any Negroes on the jury roll?" he
was asked
I'm 40 years old and don't re-
member any" he answered.
II object" suffered Knight, who
always attempted to hide his discom-
fort with a smirk.
Objection sustained" complied
Judge Horton.
did you have any occasion to ex-
clude Negroes from jury service be-
cause they were not qualified?" coun-
tered the defense.
mo, that was never even dis
cussed."
And Judge Horton, lest this ad-
mission DO too much damage, makes
the point for Attorney General
Knight and bourbon Alabama: NE
groes are not excluded because of
their color but because they are not
quau1leC.
With these little legal tricks, evil
dent to everybody, the sovereign
state of Alabama, upon which has
fallen the burden OF unfolding the
Supremacy Of the whites over the
law" hopes to still the movement
that with every minute of the Scots
boro Case sinks its roots deeper and
deeper in the South.
IT turns out on examination that
j j. E. Moody, chairman of the Jury
Commission Board of Jackson
County, does not know the qualifica-
tons for jury service. And yet Ne
groes have not appeared on Jackson
County courts-in fact, it was said
by Mr.. Benson's competitor on the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31

denies the Unemployed Councils the
right to appear at the conference but
instead proposes separate session
be held with their representatives. She
has sent similar reply to a request
made by the A. F. of L. Committee
for Unemployment Relief and Insur-
ance to be heard at this conference.
At the same time sixty-five labor
misleaders including william Green.
president of the A. F. of L., his staff
of vice-presidents, the railroad broth
erhood officials and Sidney Hillrnan,
banker president Of the Amalgamated
Clothing Workers will be welcomed By
the Secretary Of Labor to discuss an
agenda which includes such important
measures to the masses as unemploy-
ment relief, home mortgage relief.
public works, unemployment insurance
ard reserves" as well as labor legis-
lstion.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31
TEST CASE TO
TAKE "OUTLAW"
RULE TO COURT
Intensity Fig hit on
High Rent l. L. D.
and Council Says
BULLETIN.


=. Five workers arrested for pick
citing in rent strikes in Bronx. Mass
meeting tonight at Ambassador
Hall, CIaremont Parkway and Bird
Ave. TO start broad campaign
against HilIy ruling and police ter
rOr.
NEW YORK, March 30.--A legal
battle to supplement the mass fight
against Corporation Counsel Hilly'S
ruling declaring rent strike Illegal
was announced today by the New
York District International Labor De-
Tense in conjunction with the Unem-
ployed Council of Greater New York.
The LID exposed at the outset that
Hilly's decision was a distortion Of
even capitalist law" and issued ito
intimidate tenants fighting against
high rents.
Cases of tenants arrested and given
suspended sentences since the Hilly
decision" was made public will be
appealed to the highest courts, the
LID said.
The Bronx Tenants Emergency
League which announced through the
capitalist press Friday that it will also
test Hilly's decision, has no member
ship or mass following of workers,
but is composed Of a few lawyers who
act on their own initiative.
THE struggle against high rents
and against Hilly's decision cannot be
won merely through legal technical
ities," John j. BALKAN, District Sec
rotary, LID, stated. While making
test cases the LID and the Unem-
ployed Councils at the same time call
on the impoverished tenants and all
workers to intensity the rent strike
against the landlords and their Tam
many allies, Hilly and Co.
An appeal for united front for
increased struggles against high rents
and the Hi1ly decision will be for
warded by the Unemployed Council
and the N. Y. District LID to social
ist branches and to locals Of the A.
F. Of l..
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31

pompous war hero, glanced re-
peatedly at the Negroes and tried to
reassure himself: "They are all local
niggers and they are good ones, Or
we wouldn't have them around" He
had come ito uphold white SUI
premacy over teh law"
FROM seven until two the crowd
j waited. Word came that the
patrol from Birmingham had been
sighted on the other side of the
courthouse. AS one, both the white
and the Negro ran to meet it. The
car swerved around the corner and
drew up before the sheriff's house.
The crowd came surging back across
the courthouse lawn and stopped at
the line drawn by the guardsmen.
The Boys Enter.
Roy Wright, the youngest, self
confident. dressed in a suit of civil
clothes, led the way into the. street.
The other boys, dressed in blue
denim oyeralls, followed manacled by
the wrists in pairs. They we're COM
posed and self confident.
In full sight of the whole crowd,
defense attorney Liebowitz walked
over to Roy Wright, shook his hands
and spoke few words of greeting.
Everyone was aghast-the whites
taken completely unaware by this
open declaration of equality. did
you see tnatp eclaimed a political
hanger-on standing next to your
correspondent. HE went and shook
hands with the Nigger!" The Ne
groes, watching every move, saw this
action as a token of the whole case.
With a score of soldiers in front
and score taking up the rear, the
boys were marched through the
crowd into the courthouse.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31
ECONOMY LEAGUE
IN NEW ATTACKS
Wall St. Group Starts
New Drive on Masses

NEW YORK. Roosevelt has
just carried through its national pro-
gram of slashing veterans benefits
and wages Of government employees
to the tune of 100000, 900, the Ma
tional Economy League is now plan
ming to launch new attacks on the
working masses of the country thru
the state and city governments.
The New York State branch of the
Economy League announced that 1t
will now concentrate on reducing the
state and local budgets. The national
organization is planning to do like
wise, according to a statement by
Archibald Roosevelt, national secre-
tary.
Reduction Of state and local bud
gets, as of the federal budget, is to be
accomplished at the expense of the
masses through sales taxes, wage cuts,
and other devices in order that the
bankers may be assured of their mill
lions of dollars in interest on bonds.
Wall Street Organization
The National Economy League is
an organization of bankers, capital
lists and army and navy officers,
formed by Wall Street to lead the
fight for It's program of safeguarding
profits through government attacks
on the living standards of the masses.
1t has the active support Of leading
republican ard democratic party
politicians.
Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd Is
national chairman Of the Economy
League. The national secretary is
Archibald B. Roosevelt, a director of
the Roosevelt Steamship Co. and the
Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific
Railroad Co., chairman OF the finance
committee Is E. Roland Hartman,
vice president and director of the Wall
Street brokerage firm of w. A. Har-
riman and Co., director Of the City
Bank Farmers Trust Co., Morris Plan
Co. and various other banks and COR
porations.
Granville Clark, lawyer and banker,
is chairman of the executive commit
tee. The rest of the executive COM
mittee consists for the most part OF
leading bankers and industrialists, in
Guiding Phelps Newberry, vice-pre-
sident and director of the now de-
funct Guardian Detroit Bank, one of
the two national banks In Detroit
whose collapse precipitated the bank
ing crisis and wiped out millions Of
dollars In deposits.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31
Mass Pressure
Forces SimOns
Release by Court

NEW YORK. - William Simons,
National Secretary of the Anti-Im-
perialist League. received suspend
ed sentence in the Jefferson Market
Court E>y morning. He was ar
rested and charged with disorderly
conduct for speaking at the demon
stration against the Japanese impe-
rialist agent Matsuoka. Simons, de-
Tended by Max Merbaun, attorney
for the New York District Interna-
tional Labor Defense.
Many workers at the trial and
many kilograms Of protests against
the arrest of Simons sent to Mayor
OBrien and Mulrooney, made the
bosses stop their investigation" of
Simons, preparatory to framing him,
and to release the militant anti-im-
perialist
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31

benson, the editor of the Scots
" boro Progressive Age, Is one of
the thirty-five witnesses called by the
defense to prove that Negroes are
excluded from the jury in Jackson
County and throughout the South.
Like all the other witnesses sub
poenaed in advance, he had been
coached by the crudely clever attor-
ney general. Poor Benson was
caught between two fires. On the
one hand he knew-aS he admitted
under pressure from Attorney Liebo-
Wits cross examination-that he
had never seen nor heard Of Negro
serving as juror in Jackson County,
where the Scottsboro trial was
originally held. But he had Just
come from the smoking room where
Attorney General knight had coached
him and made 1t stick with little
drink. Under the suave influence of
LieboWitz he is for a moment truth
full, admitting what is known to
everybody in the courthouse-Ne-
groes Just don't sit on juries. Under
the bludgeoning of Knight, he now
qualities his statement. Liebowitz
pushes the point and wants to know
whether Benson knew of any Ne
groeS in jackson County who were
fit to sit on jury. The editor gives
classic expression to the typical atti-
tude Of the more cultured bourbon
South: II know some good niggers,
as far as niggers 60" And then:
THE niger has not been trained
I don't think their Judgment could
be depended upon. They have not
made a study Of the law. The Ne
gro doesn't have character. They all
steal"
This was the best that could be
marshalled by Benson, the editor Of
a paper, creator Of public opinion, +"
leading citizen Of Jackson County.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31
Seek to Hide System
of Negro Oppression
in the South
by Our Special Correspondent


DECATUR, Ala. (By MaiD AT
seven O'Clock Monday morning the
crowd began to gather in front of
the Morgan County Courthouse.
Half an hour later thirty national
guardsmen from Hartselle, thirteen
miles down the line-marched in
with guns on shoulder and pistol at
the belt.
Here on the courthouse lawn stood
a cross-section of the population of
Decatur County and, to degree, of
the whole South. Farmers from the
surrounding country, where starva-
ton knocks at many cabin doors
where almost three-quarters of those
who work farms are tenants and
debt bound. Unemployed workers
from the railroad shop which had
closed down, from the half-idle
hosiery mills.
Respectable. petty-bougeois Deca-
tur, in the person of its small bust
ness people and political hangers-on,
remained for the most part in the
packed courthouse and on the porch
of Sheriff Bud Davis house.
Negroes In Crowd.
Over 100 Negroes, among them
women, stood silently in groups or
reclined on the grass. Their pres
ence in itself was a challenge. II
was mute tectimony to the ire
mendous confidence awakened in the
Negro people Of the South by the
ScottSboro case.
Captain John w. Burleson, in
charge OF the guardsmen, neat and
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31
FORCE WORKERS TO SIGN
STATEMENTS FOR
DEPORTATION

NEW YORK.-Three workers, John
Lee, Edward Trevor and Fritz Lledke,
are held at Ellis Island for deporta-
ton, after they were forced to sign
statements that they are not citizens
and had not entered this co"~try le-
gally. They were picked up by police
at meetings of workers organizations.
The N. Y. District International La
Dor Defense which is fighting their
deportation urges all workers in q
statement issued today to absolutely
refuse to sign any statements or an
swer questions as to their past when
taken into custody for deportation,
but demand to see an lid attorney
first.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31

By this exclusion of the represen-
tatives of the unemployed and OF the
rank and file Of the A. F. Of L. the
Secretary Of Labor admits that this
conference will be a secret session in
which the government and the labor
acting IN behalf OF the boss.
es will deal blow to the demands Of
the unemployed and lay the basis for
mobilizing the support Of the unions
for successfully carrying out the gov
ernment's forced labor program.
The National Committee Of the I'm
employed Councils and the A. F. OF l..
Committee for Unemployment Insur-
ance and Relief insist on being heard
and are calling for an open hearing
in which the real representatives Of
the working masses may present pro-
posals for unemployment insurance
and for labor legislation.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31
n. Y. to Roar for
MooneyScottsboro
Tag Days to Save Nine
Boys Continue

NEW YORK-Roused by the lynch
danger facing the nine framed
Scottsboro boys and by the inten-
sified efforts Of the Alabama author
tiles to legally" lynch the innocent
boys in the electric chair, Negro and
white workers in Greater New York,
especially in Harlem, will rally at
a series of powerful demonstrations
today and Saturday TO demand alb
solute protection OF the nine boys,
their immediate release as we'll as
that of Tom Mooney and all class
war prisoners.
Employed and unemployed work
ers are called to a special Scots
boro open air meeting today at II
w. 13lst st. at IL am. The follow
ing are meetings scheduled for to-
day and tomorrow In your section:
Parade In Harlem Saturday
Assemblies Saturday at 10 am. at
131st Street and Lenox, march to
It'll Avenue. to 1i6th Street, east to
10th and 5th Avenue to end in mass
meet at 5th Ave. and 10th st. at
p. m. Richard B. Moore main
speaker.
Downtown Friday
Friday at 8 pm, Remington Hall,
214 Z. End st. Preceded by parade
starting at pm. at 10th Street and
End Avenue.
Spector At Columbus Circle
Frank Spector main speaker at
Columbus Circle, seth Street and
Broadway. Saturday at 2 pm.
Brooklyn Meeting
william Patterson at Borough Hall
meet, Saturday at ! pm.
Brownsville Saturday
Hergl Street, corner Blake Avenue
Saturday at 2 pm, also demand re-
lease of rent strikers.
Jamaica
Union Hall Street and 16esn Ave.
Saturday at ! pm.
Mount vsxnoa
Saturday afternoon, 6cusssscrc veg
Day held with pnss4
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31
Correspondent Gives
Picture of Decatur
Population

Jackson County Sentinel that Negro
jurors would be "embalmed niggerS.
You take taxes from Negroes as
well as whites?" asks the leading de-
tense lawyer.
Yes"
CThe usual objection from Knight
and the usual sustention by Judge
Horton.)
You take taxes from Negro, but
you exclude him from juries and do
not permit him to vote!"
CViolent objections from the ruling
class)
EEAKR. SANFORD, has Negro ever
Nt been called for jury service in
Jackson County," lawyer Liebowitz
asks.
John Sanford is Negro pIasterer
of Scottsboro, Alabama. The mr.
is like a bombshell and like the per-
sistent use Of the word Negro" by
the defense and of niger by the
judge and prosecution, reveals the
tremendous gap that separates the
two sides. The Bourbon South he's
never deemed 1t necessary to call a
Negro MI" or Mrs"
mo, a Negro has never been called
for jury service in Jackson County. ,
MIR. Sanford himself is qualified to
sit on jury. He knows Of other
Negroes who meet the qualifications
He says SO outright, despite the scowl-
ing snlirk Of Attorney General Knight
and the knowledge that jackson
County citizens will carry the news
home that "the Sanford niger is nc
longer a good niger"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31
SPEED MOVE FOR
HIGHER CAR FARE
O'Brien Aids Traction
Stockholders

NEW YORK, March 30.-The Tam
many city government is completing
its preparations to abolish the five
cent fare for subways, elevated and
surface lines in New York. Yester-
day Mayor John P. O'Brien, held O.
transit unification conference at
City Hall, where he read a prepared
statement proposing unification of
the three principal subway systems
the Brooklyn Manhattan Transit, the
PETERBOROUGH Rapid Transit and the
Manhattan eighth Avenue subway
Stockholders Aid Plot
Leading stockholders, big bankers,
and their representatives were pres
ent. 1t is understood that the state
ment read by OBrien was prepared
by lawyers for these stockholders.
The statement assures stockholders
that the first consideration of the
Tammany city administration is to
protect their investments and assure
them an uninterrupted flow OF divi-
dents and interest at the expense of
the traction workers and the public
1AAde HOO w ticC VIC oySbClIl lOi u dllb-
portation.
Cutting Down Trains Now
Cutting off of trains in the sub
ways and elevated is the order of the
day, while surface cars run less and
less frequently. This results in great
err unemployment among the workers
on the lines. and means greater jam
ming of passengers. The service is
particularly bad on the new Eighth
Avenue system.
For this increasingly rotten service
the passengers are to be forced to pay
from tx to 10 cents fare. 1t is prob
able that it will at first be two rides
for Is cents and that tokens will be
sold to be used in the turnstiles.
O'Brien Fare Boosting Mayor
1t was generally known at the time
that Tammany took the clownish and
stupid O'Brien off the surrogate
bench and sat him in the mayors
chair, that he was merely the puppet
selected as a stop-gap ornament to
hold down tAe Job while the five-cent
fare Is done away with.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31
SANITARY DEPARTMENT
PUTS THRU DIRTY DEAL

NEW YORK.-The City Sanitary
Department is putting through an
economy program by firing regularly
employed workers and rehiting others
at relief rates of pay. One thousand
street cleaners were fired recently,
many Of whom were forced to apply
to the Emergency Work Bureau, and
rehired on relief basis after having
to go through the process Of being
investigated. The Sanitary Depart
ment expects to save" sl.70o, 900 in
this way.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31

up to ID per cent, recognition OF the
shop committee and a minimum wage
Of 81 for the lowest paid workers.
Many low paid workers received
flat increase Of 81 weekly and new
inexperienced workers will start for S.
or more weekly and will receive in
creases every two weeks so that the
minimum wage of 81 will prevail for
the lowest paid. The agreement which
runs for four months provides that
there shall be no discrimination OF
active strikers and that no worker
shall be discharged without corsulta-
ton of the shop committee. Nearly
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31

all the workers in the shop have join
ed the Shoe and Leather Workers In
dustrial Union which led the strike.
The union successfully led the strike
Of the workers of the Metropolitan
Shoemaker Incorporated which was
settled ten days ago when the workers
returned with all demands granted.
An injunction against the strikers
of the Irving Shoe Company was
granted today in Judge McGoorty's
court. The strikers are mobilizing to
defeat this injunction and to force
the remaining four manufacturers 10
settle.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31

NEW York; Tammany graf
can't help the family what is it good
for? Police Commissioner MulrooneY
answered that question Wednesday,
by giving his daughter, Helen P. Mul-
rooney an appointment to the job IN
the police department crime proven
ton bureau" at salary Of g, OBS Per
year.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31
WHAT'S ON

NOTE: In UieU of the crit
tcdL financial situation in the
Daily Yorker, organizations
are asked to enclose money.
at the rate of one cent a lcOrd
per ineertion, nth ammOsssee-
11eRts.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31
WORKERS' PLAY GOES on
RADIO

A play written by Joe Dabalio, p
mtmber of the Workers Laboratory
Theatre will be acted over Radio Sta
ton WEAF Friday, pm. on the
Magic Of Speech Program" The
play tells how farmers united to stop
q sheriff sale.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31
IMMIGRATION MEN
AT L'UNITA OPARAIA

NEW YORK, March 30.-Federal
immigration men entered the offices
OF LUnita Oparaja, Italian working
class newspaper today, and question:
ed everyone there with the hope of
arresting and deporting Italian work
exs connected With the paper.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31

50 recommended
The conservator can decide what
percentage of deposits should be
withdrawn and the banks will be
permitted to partially reopen until
such percentage is exhausted.
Conservators Can Dictate
Thus the conservators can decide,
under the terms of the Presidents
bank holiday proclamation, who are
entitled to withdraw deposits and
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31
NeqUS Briefs
POLICE SHANGHAI
MILITANT SEAMEN

NEW YORK.-The two seamen ar
rested by the police Wednesday in d
raid on the Seamen's Club Restau-
rant, 9th and West SITS, cannot b.
located by the Marine Workers In
dustrial Union in any precinct or gov
ernment detention station. One Of
the men is licensed American sea
officer.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31
Issues Lying Statements

ASSucS LJ ing OtAbeHeuts
The treasury department continues
to issue false statements regarding
the number Of banks opened. Ten
days ago the statement was issued
that rs per cent OF the banks had
reopened Yesterday the statement
said that banks we're "reopening at
the rate of hundred day." and
that now the number reopened
amounts to rs per cent of the total.
Either the treasury was lying ten
days ago or 1t is lying today. 1t is
safe to say both statements we're lies.
Persistent statements are still be-
ing made that the banks now re-
opened are on normal basis"
when, as a matter of fact, not one
Of them is on normal basis. The
bar on gold Withdrawals alone is
proof that the treasury statement on
this point is false and deliberately
misleading to create the impression
that the financial crisis is being
overcome. 1t is on a par with state
ments that the United States is only
technically off the gold standard,
when as a matter of fact it is defini-
tely off that standard.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31
Chicago Shoe Workers
in Ind Strike Victory
Force Bosses to Concede All Demands; Injunc-
ton Struggle Looms

CHICAGO, ILL., 30-A
striking workers when the Advance Shoe
three negotiations conceded all the demands
hundred workers involved After strike lasting five the
returned their jobs Wednesday
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31

A crime Against the WORKING siasa
70 permit the Daily Woxksx 10 ss-
PEND. MvsA ku1As teAeS.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31
ONLY LIMITED WITHDRAWALS ARE
ALLOWED AS NEW BANK CRASH LOOMS
Not One Bank in United States Is Open on
Basis of Complete Operations

WASHINGTON
threatens the banking structure totterngpTng
the Woodn that only limited Withdrawals deposits
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-03-31
PERKINS CALLS MEET WITH ALL.
EXCLUDES JOBLESS DELEGATES
Will Draft Secret Plan With Green to Put Over
Forced Labor

d. c. q YESTERDAY
National Committee Of the Unemployed
refused
resented at the with
Washington