davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-03-06
Banks Strongest
Since 1929, View
Held by Babsor1

LAKE WALES, Fla, March 6.
(UP).-Roger w. Babson, hnan-
cial expert, asserted here today
that the banks of the United
States are Gin a stronger position
than at any time since 1929" He
blamed the people. not the banks
for boarding cash in safes, mat
tresses, sugar bowls and pockets,
and urged the nation TO use that
cash to pay bills, buy goods, or
take il back to the banks.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-03-06
To See Farmers
Regarding Crop
Loans Wednesday

Donald /. McCafferty, local
field Inspector for the crop pro-
duction loan office announced 90
dav that he will be in his office
at the CITY hall Wednesday morn
ing ready to assist farmers who
desire to secure loans for seed
and fertilizer for. production Oh
crops during the coming season.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-03-06
VIEW OF ROBINSON

WASHINGTON, Mar. 6. (UP).
Democratic Senate Leader Robin
son said today he believed the spe-
cial session of congress would ad-
journ Immediately after passing
emergency banking legislation
which would not include gen
eral reorganization of the banking
system.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-03-06
Three fold
PROGRAM OF
RELIEF Seen
Stop Withdrawals, Impound
Collateral, Regain De-
posts Are Aims
PRESSES GRINDING
OUT NEW CURRENCY

WASHINGTON, Mar. 6. (UP).
A three-fold emergency program
to deal with the economic and
banking crisis was revealed tcSay
by Democratic leaders:
Stop Withdrawals from the
banks (already temporarily in ef.
fect) through a national bank col
iday.
2.-Authorize the comptroller
of the currency to compel banks
to impound their good security as
collateral Tor clearing house cer-
tifcateS or scrip.
3.-Enactment Of legislation
that will insure the return OF
bank deposits.
OMITTED PRESS)
Engraving printing presses. in
most instances heavily guarded,
are running at top speed in the
country today to provide ready
currency for the people, as a
means of exchange by which they
can transact business during the
unsettled banking situation.
Home made money, fully backed
by sound security and authorized
by law, will be ready for distribu-
ton Immediately on the resump-
ton of banking transactions. a,
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-03-06
Snag Punctures
Lung Of 3-Year-
Old Balfour Lad

Jack Taylor, 3-year-old son Of
Mr.. and Mrs. w. NJ. Taylor OF
Balfour. was in a critical condi-
ton this morning at the home of
his parents as a result of fall
yesterday on snag.
The snag entered his body
Just below the heart, and pune
tured the lung.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-03-06
CAUCUS SUMMONED

WASHINGTON, Mar. 6. (UP),
House Democratic leaders today
sped the organization of the next
congress in preparation for Presi-
dent Roosevelt's emergency finan-
cial program. with Speaker-elect
Rainey summoning party eau
Gus for Wednesday.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-03-06
JUNIOR ORDER MEETING

The regular meeting of the
Junior Order United American
Mechanics, Skyland Council No,
266, will meet tomorrow night at
the Woodman hall at 1880 p. H.
AS this is one of the most impor-
tant meetings of the year, the Of
ficers ask that all members be
present to take part. ~ =.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-03-06
Chinese Casualty
List Exceeds 1000
Brigades Struggling t
Reach Pass Bombed

PEPING, March G.-UP).--
More than 1000 Chinese soldiers
were reported killed, wounded or
missing today after Japanese
forces bombarded two retiring
brigades, struggling to reach
Kupeikow and Hsifengknow
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-03-06
(UNITED PRESS)
II 6 CHECKS CASHED

WASHINGTON, Mar. s. (UP).
The United States treasury an
nounced today that it would cash
all government checks but that no
gold would be paid out on govern
ment checks or on gold certifi-
Gates.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-03-06
B. and F. Women
To Observe Week
Special Meeting Of Club Is
Tuesday Night

The Business and Professional
Women's Club will meet Tues
day evening at 8 o'clock with
Miss Winnie Hogsett on Flem-
ing street. This meeting is in
observance Of National Women's
Week, and the: Public Relations
Committee of which Mrs. P. n:
Zimmerman Is chairman. will
have charge of the program,
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-03-06
sTRoNC-ARM METHODS

WASHINGTON, Mar. 6. (UP):
Democratic leaders today agreed
to use strong-arm methods to jam
emergency legislation through the
special session of congress when
begins Thursday noon.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-03-06
PROMISES EARLY RELIEF

WASHINGTON. Mar. 6. (UPl.
Secretary of the Treasury Wood
in said today that plans for me-
dunn of exchange to meet neces-
sary demands were being worked
out and would be in operation by
tomorrow.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-03-06

HOOVER URGES SUPPORT
NEW YORK, March 6.-(UP).
Continued on page four)
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-03-06
WEATHER

Cloudy and warmer, followed
Nv rain tonight and Tuesday.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-03-06
GOOD AFTERNOON

It's to be expected that Presi-
dent Roosevelt will find a lot of
dead wood in government bureaus.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1933-01-12
(Jan. 5-Feb. 81
NOTICE OF MORTGAGE FORE
CLOSURE SALE.


NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN,
that mortgage made by F. E..
Gleason and Ellen j. Gleason, hus-
band and wife, mortgagors, to The
Travellers Insurance Company, a
corporation, mortgage, which mort
gage bears date the 18th day of
March, 1927 and was duly recorded
in the office of the Register of Deeds
in and for the County Of Redwood
and State of Minnesota on the oath
day Of March, 1927 at 11:40 o'clock
A. M. in Book 80 of Mortgages, on
page 80, which said mortgage mort
cages and conveys the following des-
cribed premises situated in said
County of Redwood and State Of
Minnesota, to-wit:
The Northwest Quarter (NWA)
of Section Eleven (11), in Town
ship One Hundred Nine (109)
North, Range Thirty-six 1861
West of the Fifth Principal
Meridian, containing in all 100
acres, more or less, according to
the Government Survey thereof,
will be foreclosed by sale Of the
above described premises, which sale
will be made by the Sheriff of said
Redwood County at the front door of
the Redwood County Court House in
the City of Redwood Falls in said
Redwood County and State of Min
nesota on MONDAY the goth day
of February, 1888 at ten o'clock in
the forenoon, to pay the debt then
secured by said mortgage and taxes,
if any. on said premises and the costs
and disbursements allowed by law.
There is due and claimed to be due
on said mortgage at the date of this
notice as principal and interest the
sum of Eight Thousand Seven Hun
dred Fifteen and noI100 $8,715.0O)
Dollars and the further sum of One
Hundred Thirty and 43I10O ($130-
.43) Dollars being the taxes on said
premises, with penalty thereon, paid
by said mortgage and interest
thereon, making the total amount due
on said mortgage at the date of this
notice the sum OF Eight Thousand
Eight Hundred Forty-five and 3I100
($8,845.43) Dollars.
Dated at Minneapolis, Minnesota
December 10Th, 1892.
THE TRAVELLERS INSURANCE
COMPANY, Mortgage
Strong, Myers & Covell,
Attorneys for Mortgage,
600 Security Building,
Minneapolis, Minnesota. 27-6t
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1933-01-12
(Jan. 12-19-26)

State of Minnesota, County of Red
wood, In District Court, Ninth Judi
cial District.
In the Matter of the Dissolution Of
the Corporation known as the Red
wood Oil Company, Inc.
NOTICE OF HEARING
WHEREAS an order has been
made by this Court dissolving the
Redwood Oil Company, Inc, COR
poration, and
WHEREAS William M. Smith has
been appointed Receiver of said cor
poration to close up its affairs:
NOW, THEREFORE,, 1T is HERE
BY ORDERED that all persons hav-
ing claims against said corporation
file the same with the Clerk Of the
District Court on or before July 26,
1888, and that a hearing be held on
the 29th day of July, 1888, at the
Court House in the City of Redwood
Falls, Redwood County, Minnesota,
at ten o'clock in the forenoon Of said
day or as soon thereafter as the mat
ter can be heard, and that this notice
be published three (3) weeks in The
Redwood Gazette, a weekly newspa-
per published in the City of Redwood
Falls, Redwood County, Minnesota,
according to law.
ALBERT ii. EMERSON,
District Judge.
Geo. A. Barnes and Thos. F. Reed,
Attorneys for Petitioners,
Redwood Falls, MINI. 28-3t.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1933-01-12
(Jan. 12-Feb. 16)
NOTICE OF MORTGAGE FORE.
CLOSURE SALE.

Notice is Hereby Given: That de-
fault has occurred in the conditions
of a certain mortgage executed by
Edwin E. Michigan and Lillian Melli-
gan, his wife, mortgagors, to H. F..
Williams & Co., mortgage, dated
August 9Th, 1928, filed for record on
the 29th day of September, 1928, at
500 o'clock A. M. and recorded in
Book 80 of Mortgages on Page 526 in
the office of the Register Of Deeds
of Redwood County, Minnesota, said
mortgage having been duly assigned
to The Mutual Benefit Life Insurance
Company by written assignment filed
for record on the 29th day of Sep
TENDER, 1928 at 9 o'clock A. M. and
recorded in Book SO of Mortgages on
Page 458 in the office of the said
Register of Deeds; that no action or
proceeding at law has been instituted
to recover the debt secured by said
mortgage or any part thereof; that
there is due under the terms of said
mortgage the sum of $7,500.00 as
principal and the sum of $787.50 as
interest, and the further sum of
S247.3O for taxes which were paid
by said assignee of mortgage, to-
gether with accrued interest on said
items, making the total amount due
and claimed to be due upon said
mortgage at the date of this notice,
the sum of $8,679.49; that pursuant
to the power of sale contained In
said mortgage, the same will be fore
closed in accordance with the statute
in such case made and provided by a
sale at public auction of the premis-
es described in and conveyed by said
mortgage, to-wit:
The Southwest quarter (SWA)
of Section Twenty-Five (22),
Township One Hundred Ten
(11O) North, of Range Thirty
nine (39) West of the Fifth Prin-
cipal Meridian, Redwood County,
Minnesota;
That said sale will be held by the
Sheriff of said County at the front
door of the Court House in the City
of Redwood Falls, said County and
State, at 1000 o'clock A. NJ. on Sat-
urday, February 25th, 1888, to pay
said claim with interest thereon to
the date of the sale together with the
costs and di- bursements allowed by
law.
Dated January 18th, 1888.
THE MUTUAL BENEFIT LIFE
INSURANCE. COMPANY,
Assignee of Mortgage,
1000 First National-Soo Line Bldg.
Minneapolis, Minnesota. 2S-6t.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1933-01-12
dec. 29-Jan. 12)

Dec. 29-Jan. 12)
CITATION FOR HEARING ON
PETITION FOR PROBATE OF
WILL.
Estate of Michael Pankratz.
State of Minnesota, County Of Red
wood, SIS. IN PROBATE COURT.
In the Matter of the Estate of
Michael Pankratz, Decedent.
The state of Minnesota to all per-
sons interested in the allowance and
probate of the will of said decedent:
The petition of Alexander Pankratz
being duly filed in this court, repres-
enting that Michael Pankratz, then
a resident Of the County of Redwood,
State of Minnesota, died on the 9Th
day of December, 1882, leaving last
will and testament which IS present
ed to this court with said petition,
and praying that said instrument be
allowed as the last will and tesla
ment of said decedent, and that let
tiers testamentary be issued thereon
to Alexander Pankratz.
THEREFORE YOU, AND EACH
OF YOU, are hereby cited and re-
quired to show cause, if any you
have, before this court at the Probate
Court Room in the Court House IN
the city of Redwood Falls, in the
County of Redwood, State Of Mime
sofa, on the 9Th day of February,
1888, at 1000 o'clock A. M, why the
prayer of said petition should not be
granted.
Witness, the honorable A. R. A.
LAUDON, Judge of said court, and
the seal of said court, this Oath day
of December, 1882.
ISABELLE HATCH,
Clerk of Probate Court.
A. G. Loomis,
Attorney for Petitioner.
court SeaD 26-3ts.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1933-01-12
Jan. 12-Feb. 16)
NOTICE OF MORTGAGE FORE
CLOSURE SALE.

Notice is Hereby Given: That de-
fault has occurred in the conditions
of a certain mortgage executed by
Matte Lines Stevens and John O..
Stevens, her husband, mortgagors, to
H. F. Williams & Co., mortgage,
dated September 9th, 1927, filed for
record on the 22nd day of October,
1927, at 2:1O o'clock P. M. and record
ed in Book 80 of Mortgages on Page
ALP in the office of the Register of
Deeds of Redwood County, Minneso-
ia, said mortgage having been duly
assigned to The Mutual Benefit Life
Insurance Company by written as
signment filed for record on the
22nd day of October, 1927 at 2:15
o'clock P. NJ. and recorded IN Book SO
of Mortgages on Page 1858 in the Of
flee of the said Register of Deeds;
that no action or proceeding at law
has been instituted to recover the
debt secured by said mortgage or any
part thereof; that there is due under
the terms of said mortgage the sum
of 100000 as principal and the sum
of S676.68 as interest, and the fur
Their sum of $239.72 for taxes which
were paid by said assignee of mort
gage, together with accrued interest
on said items, making the total
amount due and claimed to be due
upon said mortgage at the date Of
this notice the sum of $8,038.06; that
pursuant to the power of sale con-
tanned in said mortgage, the same
will be foreclosed in accordance with
the statute in such case made and
provided by sale at public auction
of the premises described in and con-
veyed by said mortgage. to-wit:
The Southeast quarter (SEA)
of Section Twenty-one (2D,
Township One Hundred Eleven
(111) North, of Range Thirty
seven (37) West, of the Fifth
Principal Meridian, Redwood
County, Minnesota;
that said sale will be held by the
Sheriff of said County at the front
door of the Court House in the City
of Redwood Falls, said County and
State, at 1000 o'clock A. M. on Sat-
turday, February 25th, 1888, to pay
said claim with interest thereon to
the date of the sale together with
the costs and disbursements allowed
by law.
Dated January 6, 1888.
THE MUTUAL BENEFIT LIFE
INSURANCE COMPANY,
Assignee Of Mortgage,
1000 First National-Soo Line Bldg.
Minneapolis, Minnesota. 28-6t.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1933-01-12

(Jan. 12-19-26)
ORDER LIMITING TIME TO FILE
CLAIMS, AND FOR HEARING
THEREON.
Estate of Sophia A. Barber
State of Minnesota, County of Red
wood, SIS. IN PROBATE COURT.
In the Matter of the Estate OF
Sophia A. Barber, Decedent.
Letters of Administration with the
will annexed this day having been
granted to G. L. Crooks.
1T is ORDERED, That the time
within which all creditors of the
above named decedent may present
claims against her estate in this
court, be, and the same hereby is,
limited to six months from and after
the date hereof; and that Monday,
the 7th day of August 1888, at 1000
o'clock a. M, in the Probate Court
Rooms at the Court House in the City
of Redwood Falls in said County, be-,
and the same hereby is, fixed and ap-
pointed as the time and place for
hearing upon and the examination,
adjustment and allowance of such
claims as shall be presented within
the time aforesaid.
Let notice hereof be given by the
publication of this order in The Red
wood Gazette as provided by law.
Dated January 9Th, 1888.
A. R. A. LAUDON,
Judge of Probate.
Clague and Barnes,
Attorneys for Petitioner.
(Court SeaO 28-3t.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1933-01-12
dee Slam. 12)
NOTICE OF MORTGAGE FORE
CLOSURE SALE.


Default has been made in the condi-
lions of mortgage containing power
of sale dated March 10, 1925, and
recorded in the office of the Register
of Deeds of Redwood County, Mime
sofa, on March 20, 1925 at 2:15
o'clock P. M, in Book "a of Mort
cages, on Page 80, whereby William
j. Lewis and Neoma E. Lewis, his
wife, mortgagors, mortgaged to
Union Mortgage Company, corpora
ton, mortgage, the Northeast
Quarter (NEA) of Section Twenty
three (23), Township One Hundred
Eleven Gid, Range Thirty-nine
(39), West of the Fifth Principal
Meridian, except the Railway right
of way, in Redwood County, Mime
sofa, by which default the power of
sale has become operative, and no
action or proceeding at law has been
instituted to recover the debt secured
thereby, or any part thereof; and
Whereas, said mortgage and the
debt thereby secured were assigned
by said mortgage to the Metropoli-
tan Life Insurance Company by as
Segment dated March 26, 1925, and
recorded in said Registers Office May
8, 1925 in Book SO Of Mortgages, on
Page Is; and
Whereas, there is claimed to be due
on said mortgage and note thereby
secured at the date hereof the sum
of Nine Thousand Sixty-Four Dollars
Seventeen Cents ($9,064.17);
NOW, NOTICE is HEREBY CIV
EN-, That said mortgage will be fore
closed and said premises sold at pub
lie auction by the Sheriff of said
County, on Saturday, January 81, 1888
at ten o'clock A. NJ, at the front door
of the Court House in Redwood Falls,
the County Seat Of said County, to
pay said debt, interest, taxes, if any,
and disbursements allowed by law.
Dated December 5, 1882.
METROPOLITAN LIFE INSUR-
ANCE COMPANY, Assignee and
Owner Of said Mortgage.
w. A. Mechanical, Jr.
Attorney for Owner of said Mort
gage.
1889 Hythe Street, st. Paul, MINI.
23-6t.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1933-01-12

By STOPPING to WEIGH on borrow
ings, Europe shows how to put the
'dip-low in diplomacy.-Ex.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1933-01-12
(Dec. 29-Feb. q
NOTICE OF MORTGAGE FORE
CLOSURE SALE.

CLOS URE DALE.
Default has been made in the con-
ditions of that certain mortgage duly
executed and delivered by P. j. Pint
and Annie Pint, his wife, mortgagors
to The Farmers State Bank of San
born, Minnesota, mortgage, dated
the 3rd day Of August 1925, with the
power of sale therein contained, and
duly filed for record in the office OF
the Register of Deeds in and for the
County of Redwood on the 4th 'ay
of August 1925, at 2:10 o'clock P. M.
and recorded in book sc of mortgages
on page sol and which mortgage was
duly assigned by the Farmers State
Bank of Sanborn, Sanborn, Minneso-
ia to w. A. Gleason, by written as
signment dated the 18th day of April
1928, and duly filed for record in the
office of the Register of Deeds in and
for the County of Redwood on the
18th day of April 1928, and duly re-
corded in book 80 of mortgages on
page 454.
There is claimed to be due and
is due on said mortgage at the date
hereof the sum of Eighteen Hundred
Sixty Eight and 1900 ($1868.13)
dollars and that no action or proceed
ings have been instituted at law or
otherwise to recover the debt secur-
ed by said mortgage or any part
thereof.
Now Therefore, notice is hereby
given that by virtue of the power OF
sac IN said mortgage contained and
pursuant to the Statutes in such case
made and provided, said mortgage
will be foreclosed by sale of the
mortgaged premises described in and
conveyed by said mortgage lying and
being in the County of Redwood.
State of Minnesota, decribed as fol-
lows,
Lot One ~, Block Nine CO..,
of Winona & st. Peter Land
Co.'S. 4th addition to the Village
of Sanborn, Minnesota, accord
Ing w IuC map VI Pi%e eiASA wi VA
file and of record in the Office Of
the Register of Deeds in and for
Redwood County, Minnesota,
together with all the hereditaments
and appurtenances thereunto belong
ing or in anywise pertaining. Said
sale will be made by the Sheriff of
Redwood County at the Front Door
of the Court House building at Red
wood Falls, Minnesota on the 18th
day of February 1888 at 200 o'clock
P. nj. in the afternoon of that day,
at public auction, to satisfy the
amount that will then be due on said
mortgage, together with the costs
and expenses of this foreclosure, in
GLIDING $500 ATTORNEYS fee.
December 29th, 1892.
w. A. GLEASON,
Assignee of Mortgage.
M. G.. Flaten,
Attorney for Assignee of Mort
gage,
West Lake St,
Minneapolis, Minnesota. 26-6t.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1933-01-12
BEST DECORATED HOMES

The homes of A. j. Lehrer, R. j.
Mueller and Wayne Potter in Spring
field were awarded first, second and
third prizes as the best decorated
homes in that city during the holi-
days. The contest is conducted an
nually by the Legion Post there.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1933-01-12
Litchfield Councilmen Fined

Three councilmen of Litchfield
were recently fined $40 apiece by dis
trict judge G. E. Quale. The case
grew out of charges brought by a
Litchfeld resident that the men had
sold goods or merchandise to the city
while serving on the council.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1933-01-12

Out of a total of 23,728,O03 bags
of coffee sold throughout the world
last year, deliveries in the United
States totaled II, 296, 722 bags.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1933-12-11
PLEDGE FAIRNESS
ONCWA PROJECTS
If Politics Is Being Played, 1t
Will Be Eliminated,
Leaders Say
abHily OjAUIGcA RW".oQ,
80 the Sir Walter Hntet


Raleigh. Dec. 1.-While the Civil
Works Administration in the State
has approved projects to date calling
for the employment of at least $4,000
unemployed men out of the quota of
$4,000 which it expects to have allotted
to projects by December Is, with a
payroll climbing close to $1,0OO,000 a
week, it seems to be suffering some
what from growing pains. For as the
number of projects and number of
placed in employment has continued
to increase from day to day, reports
of Irregularities and minor abuses
have also increased.
But this does not mean that the
CWA infant, now scarcely four weeks
old is suffering from either the collie
or ear ache, those who have been
watching it's development here main
tain. Instead, these minor disturbances
are being attributed more to the rapid
growth of the infant than anything
else and partly due perhaps to an in
sufficicrcy of cod liver oil or of AL
Smiths "sour grapefruit juice" For
considering tie fact that this infant
organization has already provided en-
ployment for fully 10000 unemployed
persons here in North Carolina alone
and gives every indication of attain
ing its ob,ectiN e of 100000 unem-
ployed back at work by Christmas in
tCont1nued on Page Five)
Henderson daily dispatch., 1933-12-11

Will Visit
Tenn. Jobs
President To S e e
Vast Development
When Congress Ad-
journs Next Spring

Washington, Dec. II (AP)-Presi-
dent Roosevelt today told Senator
McKellar and Buchanan, of Tennes-
see, that he plans to inspect the new
Tennessee Valley projects next spring
after the adjournment of Congress.
The President intends to go over
the entire valley development from
the new Norris dam, which is being
constructed on the Clinch river.
down to the Muscle Shoals power
and nitrate plant on the Tennessee
river
He sponsored the valley improve
ment plan now getting under way
under the direction of special au-
thority.
! The senator's said Mr.. Roosevelt is
counting on an adjustment of Con-
gress early in the spring. He has
previously stated he would return to
Warm Springs, Ca, next spring and
he will probably go there by way Of
the Tennessee Valley.