davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1933-07-16
Possible Solutions
OF Austria's Problems
BY WILLIAM BIRD.

PARIS, July 15.-Opinion in Europe
is veering around to the idea OF a
Danubian customs union, proposed two
years ago in France.
The Manchester Guardian goes SO far
as 70 say that such union, which
would include Austria. Hungary, Yugo-
slavia and Rumania is the only posi-
BILE solution of Austria's problems.
The two alternatives are "AnSchluss,"
or annexation of Austria to Germany,
and the reuniting of Austria and Hun
gary, which probably could be accom-
plished only by return OF the Haps-
burgs to the double throne.
Both these solutions are contrary to
existing treaties. Moreover, "Ansch-
luss' is bitterly opposed not only by
France but also by Italy. which has
no desire to have Germany as north
ern neighbor-it being virtually certain
that Germany would demand the re-
turn of Italian territories wrested from
Austria after the last war, including the
port of Trieste.
Reuniting Austria and Hungary, espe-
cially If it meant placing Hapsburg
again on the throne, would mean the
immediate mobilization of the neigh
boring successor" states, Czechoslo-
vakia, Yugoslavia and Rumania. Those
countries are determined to defend
their independence at all costs. know
ing that a Hapsburg Emperor wouio
never be satisfied with boundaries mar
rover than those of the former Austro-
Hungarian empire.
italy has favored the reunion of
Austria and Hungary in the belief that
it would strengthen Austria's efficacy
as buffer against Germany and would
also assist to bring pressure to bear on
Yug goslavia. Today, however. in the
face of the measures Of intimidation
being used by Germany against Aus
tria, Italy appears to be ready to drop
that plan in favor of the broader
French scheme.
The French plan does not contem-
plate a political union, but, using the
same reasoning that the French them
selves used against the proposed Aus
tro-German customs alliance, it is gen.
orally admitted that a customs union
would in time tend to become a politi-
cal union. However, such a union of
the Danubian countries does not
threaten to become q menace to peace
whereas the Austrian "Anschluss" un-
questionably would be SO regarded by
France, Italy and the little entente
powers.
1t is understood that this plan will
be one of the chief topics Of CONVEX
sation between Premier Mussolini anu
Daladier during the latter's forthcom-
ing visit to Rome.
Copyright. 1e333
Evening star., 1933-07-16
The Church and National Problems
THE RIGHT REV. JAMES FREEMAN d. d. ILL., D., D. c. l..
Bishop of Washington.

who are nominally or intimately related
to the churches, Jewish, Catholic and
Protestant, represent over so millions
Of our people. This great body, one-halt
of our population, Is q constituency to
be reckoned with. If the ties that unite
these moral and religious forces were
more closely knit; If these mighty forces
could be consolidated for the purpose of
lifting the moral and religious tone OF
cur Nation through some joint effort,
it would do more to give stability and
permanence to our life than any effort
now being made.
Our Federal Government has re-
peatedly called for purposes OF con-
ference and the consideration of vitally
important questions affecting our we'll
being the captains of industry, the
financial leaders, the railroad execu-
uves and other important bodies
Through these conferences 1t has
sought to effect conditions favorable
to the Interests Of all our people. Never
SO far rs we know, have the leaders
Of the moral and religious forces of
the country been called in a Joint con-
c.cnce to consider the vitality impor-
tant question Of the Nations morale
Of those things that are fundamental
to its domestic. industrial, social and
political life. It Is true that there are
wide differences Of mind among re-
1gious leaders as to methods: there
can be no difference as to purpose and
design. The Jewish, Catholic and Prot
estant Churches Of America represent
an element Of strength to be reckoned
with in such q crisis as that through
which we have been passing. This does
not mean any attempt to mix religion
and politics. 1t means only the rec
ognition Of potential force that
modified In the interests of better
moral and spiritual conditions through
out the Nation, is capable of producing
an effect Of incalculable value Let us
render unto Caesar the things which
are Caesars" but let us be reminded
that the conservation of the things of
the State are only guaranteed by a
hike recognition of our obligations to
the God in whose hands are the issues
Of life. This Nation began with deep
religious convictions; in great crises it
has given demonstration Of its devotion
to moral and spiritual ideals. 1t may
not abandon these except to its peril.
Evening star., 1933-07-16
Anchors Up in Shipping World Again
BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN.

The same is true Of the Welland Canal
system.
Reports are gathered here from
ST. lategic points Of world commerce.
Cargo traffic at Italian ports increased
by more than 4 per cent during the
first quarter Of 1888 Genoa, the home
port of Columbus. is teeming with traf-
fic, 1858 vessels having entered during
the first three lnCa.--S Of this year.
Bremen, the great German port, shows
increased activity.
Great Britain still is the leading ship
ping nation of the world, and wher.
British ships are busy 1t is sign OF
reviving world business. During March
a 10 per cent increase over March, 1882,
was registered at British ports. 1t Is
the first time in three years that al
improvement has been noted.
japanese idle tonnage declined b.
$4,000 tons during April, Danish ton
mage by $4,000 tons. Hongkoas, the
great Chinese terminal and transship-
ment port for the Orient, where ships
of every nation call, reports that for
eign vessels entering during the flrst
quarter of this year were well ahead OF
the entrances a year ago.
New Cycle OF Business.
When ships are in demand 1t always
means a renewal of activity IN the ship
building industry. This industry has
been very badly depressed. Some OF the
yards were busy for a time after the
depression began, working on old or
ders. It takes quite while to build
a ship. But there have been no new
orders at most of the yards. Finnish
wards have been working on a con-
trac. from the Soviet government Oh
Russia, and this order is about COM
pleted. It was expected the yards WOULD
be silent, but now. because OF the re-
vival of trade, new orders are appear
ing.
There are fewer ships than at the
beginning of the depression because OF
the wholesale scrapping and rationale
zation program which has been IN
effect. In most important countries
shipbuilders have combined, under gov
ernment auspices and have scrappeo
obsolete vessels, removing lot OF un-
profitable tonnage from competition
This enables both the shipping com
panies and the shipyards to start the
new cycle of revived business WITH
cleaner states.
Great Britain, France, Germany and
Japan have resorted to this ratlonah-
zation scheme. It seems inevitable that
the American shipyards will join as
part of the National Industrial RecoV-
cry Administrations policy. Abroad In
terests have been pooled and business
allotted so that the various companies
can maintain operations at a minimum
of loss. The governments Of the great
foreign maritime countries have en-
acted subsidies to assist both IN ship
operation and in ship building. There
have been many mechanical improve
ments in ships, and, with government
aid. it is expected the next few years
will see the launching Of whole fleets
of merchant vessels equipped with mod
ern cargo-handling machinery, fast en-
gines and every adjunct calculated to
speed foreign trade.
Evening star., 1933-07-16

Of diversion tunnels for the flow OF the
river pending the construction and the
preparation Of the foundations. NOW
the pouring of concrete is under way,
and it is just announced that a new
feature is to be adopted. showing that
this ancient art Of construction, one
Of the Oldest known to man, Is still IN
process Of development.
After concrete has "set," or solidified
into q homogeneous mass, its tempera-
lure rises about forty degrees. Hereto
fore much difficulty has been met IN
consequence Of this phenomenon. I'm
less this excess heat. which would re-
quire centuries to subside naturally, is
eliminated by artificial aid. there Is
danger Of the development of stresses
causing cracks and joints which might
eventually result in breaches Of the
wall and the collapse Of the whole work.
So a device has been proposed and is
now being employed to hasten the cool
ing of the concrete. Two-inch iron
pipes are being installed In the con-
crete mass as it is poured at intervals
of about ten feet, these being filled with
cold water which will absorb the heat
developed by the setting process. This
system was tried out on : smaller scale
on dam in Oregon, anl by means Of
it the temperature was reduced from
118 to "a degrees in two weeks.
Some likeness may be imagined be-
tween this spontaneous heating of a
great concrete mass and the internal
heat Of the earth's crust, which Is one
Of the causes Of seismic disturbances.
If this is true, then the great nodule
of artificial stone which man is max
ing at Boulder Dam will be immune
from this destructive force.
Evening star., 1933-07-16
Cardinal Manning.

Cardinal Manning was born hun
dred and twenty-five years ago yes
terday. He was the youngest son OF
a West India merchant, residing at
Totteridge, in beautiful Hertfordshire.
The father became governor OF the
Bank of England and later member
of Parliament. The boy was educated
at Harrow and at Balliol College. OK
ford. His initial venture into the world
was that of a temporary clerkship in
the colonial Office, but he soon fed from
its routine to the more congenial at
mosphere of the university he loved
The call of the church was ringing In
his ears, and the summons became
ever more and more insistent. He de-
cided to obey, was elected fellow of
Merton and ordained. That was the
first milestone of premier importance
in his career.
For few years he was rector OF
Sussex parish. During that period
he married. but his delicate young wife
soon died. The bereavement prepared
his mind for the ascetic teaching of the
oxford Tracts, and he joined the High
Church reformers in their campaign
against modernism and secularism. A
tide was flowing, and he gave himself
into its power. BY 1888 he had made
his first pilgrimage to Rome. But re-
port of his growing interest in the doc
trines of the Roman Catholic COM
munion did not affect him adversely
Gladstone was his friend, and the sin
cerity Of his quest for light was not
questioned. He was appointed arch
deacon of Chichester In 1841 and filled
the position with honor and distinction
until 1847, when a serious illness In
terrupted his work. Recovering, he
sought an audience with Pope Plus
Evening star., 1933-07-16
Economic Internationalism May
Be Dead, but 1t Never Adjourns

monetary systems. That's the ideal Of
the future"
And no nation buying anything
from any other nation. Put that in,
too"
There's Collin Of The Netherlands.
Ask him II his Economic Committee in
this conference has made one inch of
progress toward reducing one tariff
duty anywhere in the whole world. He
can't show it,
But the man to pity is Leon Fraser
over there. president Of the Bank for
International Settlements When there
is no international monetary standard
and no international trade, what's he
going to do with his Bank for Interna-
tional Settlements? What's he going
to do with his striped trousers? What S
he going to do with his top hat? He'll
be on the dole"
We'll! It's grand. We came here
to restore internationalism. We remain
here to discover the most severe anti
internationalism that ever existed. You
have to say for the conference that
since it was not able to revive an old
era, it has at any rate unflinchingly
opened up new one. We never should
have known how much We are against
one another If We had not so affec-
tionately assembled together in this
lounge"
Sure! Now We know where we are.
It's great success"
only a few minutes longer The
edict of death for the conference is now
descending the staircase"
And SO it seems Members of the
bureau are coming down the staircase
to the lounge. Other delegates rush
forward from all parts Of the lounge
to encounter them. Journalists rush
forward. At last there is to be a def
nitive decision of some species. 1t will
be colossal novelty>
Among the members Of the bureau
now almost at the foot Of the staircase
I discern Prime Minister Bennett Of
Canada. He is attired festively-all in
gray-as for the races. His massive
ruddy face. however. has turned bit
pallid. ask him for the decision
reached by the bureau.
The bureau" says he has decided
to postpone its decision"
Other journalists have secured that
same decisive news from other states
men. We rush downstairs to copy desks
and telegraph counters.
Decision postponed"
The great news has gone. The jour-
nalists betake themselves to their own
lounge.
Every day we keep trying to bury
this internationalism, and every day 1t
jumps up out Of its grave"
The Old Guard died but never sur
rendered. Economic internationalism is
dead, but never adjourns"
Copyright. 1033)
Evening star., 1933-07-16

Render unto Caesar the things which
are Caesars; and unto God the things
that are Gods"
These were the words given by Jesus
to one who brought to him the tribute
money, saying, Us it lawful to give unto
Caesar or not?" 1t Is one of the few
spoke of civic responsibility. He made
it quite evident that q recognition of
civil authority and obedience to civil
law are indispensable to orderly society.
On the other hand. He made it very
evident that there is no conflict between
the recognition Of mans obligation to
the state and mans obligation to, God !:
the two things go together. =
In our country We have wisely sep
arated church and state, and we hold,
with wisdom, that it is not the function
of the church to engage in political
concerns or in matters that concern
legislation, Federal and State. This.
however. does not preclude the hearty
participation of Christian men and
women in those important matters that
concern civic well-being The church s
primary business is with the building OF
character, and this is fundamental to
everything that concerns orderly living.
prove ineffective and impotent; we are
not made good through legislation. We
have had abundant evidence of late that
legislation does. not in anyWiSe affect
the moral character of the people. 1t
has its distinct and indispensable place.
One Of the most conspicuous elements
i'll the present age that has contributed
much to the disasters and misfortunes
that have attended our life Is the letting
down of moral and ethical standards.
We need to be reminded at the present
time that no matter what else We may
dc to restore normal conditions 1t Is
OF primary Importance that we seriously
ano solemnly address ourselves to the
rehabilitation of those high moral and
ethical standards that are Sc essential
to our individual and corporate we'll
being. Mr.. Coolidge was automatically
right when he said: The Government
of the people never gets ahead of the
religion of the people," Those who
represent the churches Of every name
in this country number millions. 1t has
been conservatively estimated that those
Evening star., 1933-07-16
Americans Jailed in Spain.

Ambassador Bowers, our journalist
envoy at Madrid, who recently ingrati-
ated himself with the Spanish people
by attending and enthusiastically ac-
claiming his first bull fight, is immersed
in the first real incident to test his
powers Of diplomacy. He is seeking to
bring about the release of five Amer
leans, one Of them a woman, who are
imprisoned at Palma, on the Island Of
Majorca, on a charge OF attacking a
member of the Guardia Civil, the Span
ish national police force.
Repeated appeals to the government
at Madrid have proved unavailing. and
now Mr.. Bowers plans to go directly to
Premier Azana. The Americans have
been under arrest since June 5. They
were taken into custody after two of
their number are alleged to have wound
up festive evening by striking an Off
Ger Of the Civil Guard who had ad-
monished them to make less noise.
Ambassador Bowers seeks his coun-
trymen's liberation on the ground Of
common justice, stressing that, although
the offense in question may be grave
under Spanish law, it was not really
serious so far as the actual facts were
concerned The injuries to the
guardsman proved slight The Span
ish authorities do not view mat
ters in quite so innocent a light.
The Civil Guard, under existing condi-
tionS in Spain is no ordinary con-
stabulary. To its loyal support, very
largely, the present national government
owes its continuance in power. The
guard itself, conscious of its influential
status, is correspondingly constrained
to maintain its prestige at all costs.
That cannot be done. it feels, if foreign
tourists are permitted, unrebuked and
unpunishable. to go about boxing
guardsmens ears or tweaking their con-
stabulary noses. The Americans who
took such liberties at Palma were even
denied ball. so wary are the central
authorities at Madrid about doing any
thing that could offend the dignity Of
the Guardia Civil. Another alien
not an American-recently was sent to
prison for twelve years for doing vio-
lence to a guardsman. Late reports in
dicate that the guard is determined to
hale the Americans before court-mar-
tial as an example to natives and for
eigners alike to treat the national police
force with that respect to which it holds
itself to be entitled as the custodian in
chief of domestic law and order in
Spain
It is to be hoped, in the Interest of
our unfortunate compatriots that our
bull-fght loving envoy at Madrid will
win his first contest as a diplomatic
toreador and accomplish their liberia
ton. After all, their crime can have
been nothing more than the result Of
tourist exuberance. The Spaniards are
making ardent efforts to attract foreign
tourists-but they manifestly expect
them, when in Spain, to do as the Span
iards do, including the showing of
proper respect for the authority and
amour propre of the Guardia Civil.
Evening star., 1933-07-16

TX, and was received In private con-
ference. Doubtless, that meeting
marked the second major milestone
Of his journey through this earth.
However, 1t was not until 1850 that
he reached the point where he fell
that he must choose "either Rome OF
license Of thought and will" England
was rife with religious controversy; II
was matter Of principle with him to
show hia colors. to join once and for
all with the men who, as ne believed
were fighting the good fight. He re-
signed his benefice and his archdea-
conry, and on Passion Sunday was ad-
mitted into the Roman Catholic Church
The next six years he spent studying
theology. in preparation for the work
he was to do. The Pope then appoint
ed him provost Of Westminster He be-
came Cardinal Wiseman's tireless and
devoted assistant. His reward came in
1865, when he succeeded to the arch
bishopric. And 1t was in that exalted
Office that he began, perhaps uncon-
sciously, to earn the gratitude Of nom
Catholics.
Without for a moment neglecting his
duties as theologian and an admin
istrator, Cardinal Manning found time
to interest himself in a great number
Of social questions. including temper
ance. educational advantages for the
poor. improved housing, improved con-
ditions Of labor and peace and har-
mony. justice and mercy in the rela-
tions between the employing class and
the toiling masses. The plight of those
denied opportunity to work especially
appealed to him. and he gave himself
to their cause. Some thought his views
extreme, but all parties trusted him
and he was in repeated demand as an
arbitrator of trade disputes and as an
adviser on social problems. When he
passed to his rest, January IA. 1892
the slums Of London were devastated
with grief His funeral was the oc-
casion Of a remarkable demonstration
of a peoples love.
Perhaps an ideal epitaph for such
leader would be that Of the phrase
THE service of God Is incomplete
without the service of man." He had
his faults, but, especially in the sunset
of his days, he was magnificent ex-
ample of what a Christian priest and
teacher. prince and saint can be.
Evening star., 1933-07-16
Copper May
Establish World Price
BY HARDEN COLFAX.

Agreement by the copper industry on
q code CT fair competition Is hoped for
next week, under the terms of the ma
tional industrial recovery act, along
with some settlement of the long vexing
price question. II it Is reached at that
time, the agreement will coincide with
the convening here Of the international
Geological Congress. which will have
good deal to say about copper.
Copper authorities, both IN and out
of the Government, who have always
held that not much can be done to
solve the problems of this versatile
article of commerce other than by as
sisting in the working out Of the natural
law OF supply and demand. are now
entertaining faint hopes that the new
legislation will give a favorable turn
to events. They are now talking about
pooling the excess copper stocks IN this
country-some 100000 tons-as pre-
liminary to a price agreement that
would avoid runaway" market.
Copper is now selling between 8 and
9 cents q pound. Gratifying as this Is,
compared with prices few months ago.
it is not regarded as high enough. Old
hands at the game of selling metals
have long viewed the price Of copper
as one Of the important barometers OF
business. They have been accustomed
to claim that price relations are cor
rect when iron sells In dollars per ton
at the same figure as copper IN cents
per pound. Iron now averages around
SIS a ton Does this mean that cop
per must advance to is cents pound
before prices are "right?" AS a mat
ter of fact, 8 cents is only half the
average price Of copper for a century
although it has gone to SIS cents, in
Civil War days, and as low as cents
and a fraction few months ago.
Fully Al per cent OF the worlds cop
per Is mined in the United States
Furthermore, our country has CONNER
cial control Of more than II per cent
Of the worlds production, the Belgian
Congo, Z; Canada, 6; Mexico, S, ano
all others 18. Together, American ane
British capital controls more than rs
per cent of all the copper produced
anywhere on the globe.
While the Americans have never usec
their predominance in copper produc-
ton as a means of fixing world price.
for the red metal, it is now believed
that, with better organization of tht
industry and the aid of the new legis.
lation, it may be possible to stabilize
prices. Those experienced In mining
say that we can do what the British
have been doing for nearly a century
A study prepared by Government ex.
perts for the use Of the 1nternationa
Geological Congress affords an Insight
into the amazing success Of the trad1nf
Evening star., 1933-07-16

ability Of the English. This study COW
ers copper production and prices dur
ing the past century and a quarter.
It shows that, from 1900 to 1920,
whether as producer or consumer, the
British market set the price of the
red metal.
American producers Of world COM
modities are now hearing that they may
fix world prices for such commodities
regardless of the established historical
domination of Old World centers. 1t
is believed that, with the aid of the
new legislation, the copper industry in
the United States-the premier pro-
ducer Of copper-wil soon be able to
fix the world price.
-. (CopyrisAk 1e33A .--.-..--