davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1933-12-23
Switz Denies Espionage.

SwitZs examination began at pm
Mrs. SwitZ was to be examined later
separate from her husband. after which
they were to be confronted with each
other before the judge.
The legal counsel for all the 10 sus-
poets under arrest were present as the
examining magistrate began his work
Switz, who denied all connection with
the alleged espionage, recounted to the
magistrate his visit to France. He saio
he had made five trips here.
The first was in 1926, when he studied
French at BeSancon, the second was a
year later when he was touring Brit
tany, the third was in 1929, when he
worked for a French aviation company
as pilot. He returned to France for
the fourth time IN 1880, leaving a year
later.
On his present visit here, his fifth, he
said he entered France in the Spring
of 1888 as representative of the Mac
Neel Instruments Corporation. with its
laboratory at Roosevelt Field, Long
Island, N. Y. He said he was inter-
ested in the development of an appa-
ratuS for the measurement of air cur
rents.
Magistrate Benon's decision to oper
the case of Mr. and Mrs. SwitZ before
going into those of eight others &C.
cused in the so-called plot was be,
lieved to have been partly in defer,
ence to interest in the proceedings BY
the American Government.
Consul Denied Interview.
Robert D. Murphy, American consul
tried to visit them in their separate
cells after their arrest became generally
known, but was refused permission t.
see them yesterday. He planned to visit
them after the hearing
Throughout tie night M Benor
pored over police dispositions which
formed the basis of the questions ht
prepared to put to the Americans.
Meanwhile Charles Moyse, their law.
yer, held final conferences with Swift
and his wife. outlining their case
The others seized in a series of sud.
den raids, which netted mass of docu.
mentS police said indicated vast plot
to sell Frances military secrets to other
countries, will be brought before the
magistrate as soon as the evidence has
been completed against them.
Evening star., 1933-12-23
PROBE OF SPY RING
OPENED BY FRENCH
Magistrate Examines SWitz
Today Before Confronting
Him With Wife.
Ry the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
PARIS, December 23-The first stage
of a French investigation into the
activities of what French police claim
to be an international spy ring began
today as Magistrate Benon examined
Robert Gordon Switz, 29-year-old
American
Switz, looking extremely young de-
spite a three days growth of beard,
was taken to the judges chambers by
two gendarmes
His 22-year-old wife, the former Mar
jorie Tilley of New York, arrived in a
patrol wagon from the women's prison
where she has been held for the last
few dayS
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-09-30
Lets Apples Rot
W lille He Watches
Unemployed Starve

GIRARD. Kans-Here is rich
deirYm9n whose zane is Mr.. Turner.
He has big apple orchard and there
are about 30 bushels of apples lying
on the ground rotting and wasting.
And every day poor Negroes and
white people come and ask to pick
some for their children and he re-
free tNo'r'. - cold r. -o'r'd -tl'a
see them rotten, and will not let
anyone pick even one apple from his
orchard.
August % three Negro girls came
five miles to pick some apples and
he said they could go to the store
and buy some. That is how they
waste their products and won't let
poor people have what they need for
their health.
Now that the NRA is passed work
ers here have to pay double on
everything in the stores, but the
farmers products are not raised. The
mine conditions are the same. The
wages are the same, same hours, and
Just one day week. But if the
miner wants to buy anything he has
to pay double price.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-09-30

ami, liverWurst, head-cheese, corled
beef, boiled ham, sardines. Sliced
cheese. Cole slaw. At intervals around
edge of platter, halves OF hard-boiled
egg, sections of tomato, and slices of
raw onion. On the meat, some sticks
and hearts of celery, and rings of
red or green peppers. If there were
salmon cakes left from last night,
slice in thin strips and use them too.
Put the potato salad on lettuce
leaves on another plate if the big one
is too crowded. If you can afford such
luxuries, serve with the cold plate
mustard, or horseradish mixed with
catsup, or Worcestershire sauce The
big platter goes in the middle of the
table. Elect referee if necessary.
Hard-boiled eggs may be "deviled"
in the following manner Cut egg in
halves, lift out yolks, and put through
coarse sieve. Season with vinegar Cor
lemon, salt, pepper, sugar, and bit
of dressing if you have it. Offhand
can't give exact amounts-Tll work 1t
out later. when have some eggs)
Mix well, and pile back into whites
Of eggs. Very nice for lunches, if
halves are put back together and eggs
wrapped well. Not very good for lit
tie kids unless made with lemon Juice.
though.
TODAY's MENU
Breakfast
Fresh sliced peaches
Cooked cereal, milk
Coffee
Lunch -
Tomato and bacon sandwiches
Potato cakes
Chocolate pudding
Tea
Dinner
Cream Of asparagus soup
Assorted cold plate
Coffee
Cake or cookies
Con1rade housewives, those Of you
who still have access to a house, a
stove, and some wood, please, pretty
please with sugar on 1t, do throw a
Pie-party or a Cookie festival or a
Chop suey-carnival or something for
the benefit of the Daily Worker. If
something drastic isn't done imrne-
diately, our beloved paper will have
to fold up like wet pretzel or a
rubber noodle.
If it will help, I'll print recipes for
cookies or cake or most anything. I'll
give you my mothers recipe for beau-
tiful Butterscotch Pie. I'll even give
you her cherished recipe for Lemon
Pie, the kind that made the Butter
cup" famous.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-09-30
Building Children's Movement in Detroit

work, and, of course, could not find
one functioning group. We had to
start from the beginning and this
time we decided to use new method
of work.
We had practically the same forces
as before. We set to work with the
idea in mind to apply the Open Let
ter, in developing new cadres.
l visited the contacts that I still
knew of. Many were now members
of the League OF Struggle for Negro
Rights. They we're quick to respond
to our Interpretation of the MIRA and
New Deal" in connection with their
children.
This is how we went about 1t this
time: We got group of children
and a group Of parents. Within two
or three meetings we were able to
recognize those who had the qualities
of leader. At once they were as
signed as captains of different chill
dren's groups according to their
neighborhood. Each captain had
few children for whom they were re-
sponsible (seeing that they attend
meetings, etc.. At first we had Joint
meetings Of the groups and their cap
tains. The number grew too large
for one meeting and after thorough
discussion with all the captains it
was decided that each captain and
his or her group should have indi-
vidual educational meetings in the
respective neighborhoods once week
and one Joint meeting in the form
of social gathering once a week.
In this way the individual groups
were able to grow much faster.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-09-30
81 for l2-HourS'
Work in Forests
Cutting PulpwOod
By a Worker Correspondent

BRULE, Wis.-The Northern Pulp
wood & Timber Co. and the Cornell
Wood Products Co., two of the big
gest concerns of their kind in Wis
consin, are reaping huge profits.
During the summer the woods
workers were paid 4 cents stick
for every stick cut and peeled. A
worker who is experienced may be
able to cut about so or 60 sticks a
day, working about II to IA hours
a day. The writer has noticed in
many places even women, the wives
of the men, working in the woods.
When the company nears the end
of the cutting season (they cut only
during the summer) they order a
stop to peeling the sticks and pay
1la cents for cutting. This is what
is called trough cutting"
Near the close of the summer the
company hires trucks to take this
pulpwood to the railroad for ship
ment to the paper mill. For hauling
a cord of wood 10 miles they get
about a dollar. They average about
four trips a day.
To get the wood they are forced
to go right into the woods where it
is piled. The roads cut into the
woods are full Of sharp stumps that
ruin expensive tires.
Tie trucKmen have to do their
own loading and unloading and
must hire a helper or two. Most of
the truck owners are poor farmers
and workers who have sunk their
last dollar as a first payment on a
truck.
The state taxes the truck owners
up to the hilt. Truck license costs
about $35; trailer licenses from $3.50
to $4,000; drivers license is required
and there is impending mile tax.
Party members who are working
in the woods should see to it that
the workers are shown the right
way to fight for better conditions
under the leadership of a Red Trade
Union.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-09-30
Strike and Relief
Struggles Bring Negro
and w hite Together
by a Worker Correspondent)

ST. LOUIS, Mo.-The chauvinistic
tendencies of the workers of the In
employed Council was broken down
100 per cent at a mass meeting
called by the Unemployed Council
No. and the Negro members of the
striking nut pickers of the Food
Workers Industrial Union Local Ill.
We called 8 mass meeting on the
street and asked the workers to the
hall. The hall was overfowing. Many
workers were on the outside.
In the southeast side of st. Louis,
the workers have now something in
common, such as a constable who
beats children and their parents
when they are getting evicted. It
came to headquarters today that the
city thug beat up a starved father
and son for protecting their furni-
ture from being smashed by the legal
thugs. The workers in the neighbor-
hood are realizing that the Blue
Buzzard has nothing for either white
or Negro workers, and only through
the unity Of both races will they sue
coed In real relief, Unemployment In
surance.
All the Unemployed Councils in
st. Louis are now driving the sales
Of the Daily Worker. The Daily
Worker is being pushed at all meet
ings, many workers here want to
read the paper but can't afford the
&c to buy 1t.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-09-30
Alabama Lynch
Terror Defended by
Boss olitiCian
(By a Worker Correspondent

PORTLAND, Me A committee
from the Portland branch of the
TN. r1-.'a rir~0 0N-T,ire'on bv the
pastor, Rev. I. B. Walters, to speak
\ Gne local A.M.E. CnTcn NeGro)
on the Sco5tsboro case. The speeches
were well received and much enthu-
ciasn was EXPRESSED. AS a resolution
was about to be taken 10 send pro-
~ - - c''-,r--~'--- Co-;-t &C Ale
bama, the floor was taken by former
judge Max L. Pinansky, one of the
O. nct3-.ous r4d baltaIS' in the
State of Maine, who went TO every
extreme of capitalist political iolery
to give the impression that the "pur-
est justice" prevails in all the courts
and that if there were no Negroes on
the jury in the Scottsboro case it
was merely an accident.
The writer is not member Of the
LID. but was merely spectator at
the meeting, but in 20 years of lis
tening to capitalist propaganda he
never heard such piece of political
fakery.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-09-30

with great friendliness. When We
arrived they were picketing the high
ways near the entrance to the Valley
View Mine No, 2, No sooner had we
sat down by the roadside to talk
when a scab truck driver, driving by
on his way to help ride the scabs
from the mines up the road to their
quarters nearby, Knocked at the
strikers, thumbing his nose and yell
ing foul names. It was all the lead
ers could do to restrain some OF the
miners from going after this scab,
One miner laughed and said. You
fellows want to know what's wrong
cut here. Well, everything's wrong.
We amt made a decent living here
for wears. And nobody seems to
give a damn-it's just like that smart
alec truck driver They're all against
Us"
Another said, we thought we
was COINS to set a New Deal, but
al we get is another dirty deal"
Another said, We aren't Commu-
nists, but we amt going to stand for
the KIND Of treatment we've been
getting
One of our comrades said there
we're hundreds of Communists in jail
in this country for defending the
rights of miners, and said the Com
munists couldn't be so bad if they
we're the miners friends.
The miners said the Communists
couldn't be so bad then, if that was
true. They told us they were out
under the leadership Of the Progress
sive Miners Union, which was send
ing them some relief. They also
said that the mine owners tried to
sabotage the strike by bringing in
two United organizers, who'd been
kicked out of their own unions for
scabbing some years before. But the
miners went out under the leader
ship of local man, and had stayed
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-09-30
Only Delegates
Company Picks Are
ON Company Union
BY an Oil Worker Correspondent

ny VII tNOAhSA
BAYONNE, N. jim spite of the
big promises of the MIRA here in
Bayonne, we see that it is really
only a big fake. We were supposed
to get pay increase of 5 to 10 per
cent in the Standard Oil. But when
our hours are cut to Sc hours from
20 hours, the pay remains the same.
When prices go up so fast you can
see how we have been fooled.
The company formed a company
union last week. We were supposed
TO elect two delegates from each de-
n0rtmept fo~ the vorkers. Then the
bosses elect two delegates from each
depar tment. But how does this work
out? We are given list of names
which the bosses themselves pick,
and only on these names are We per-
ates our delegates. At the same time,
to these delegates are added the
superintendent and the general ST.
perintendent of the company-which
gives the company a sure majority.
The company made a big fuss
about hiring back workers. Every
morning many workers come to ask
for jobs. The boss takes about so
and then sends them to the doctor
for an OK. The doctor turns the
majority Of them awav. TIE claims
some of them have high blood pres
sure, or low blood pressure-or any,
thing to keep the men off the job.
This is some swindle When you
figure out that about eight years ago
there were 5000 working here, and
now about 1,500-you can understand
how many are permanently out of
work here.
Also, those who are hired are most
ly younger fellows. There is an lin
surance" rule in the Standard Oil
that no man under IS can be hired.
.h's- 6~''-a oIIt horT NEW will he
unable to get jobs. These new work
erS also get less pay than those on
the job. They not only get less pay
under the MIRA scale, but 1t comes to
a pay cut on even the old scale.
What we have to do is to get
our groups together and start our
work to build up our own Oil Work
erS' Union.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-09-30

out since February despite the ef-
forts of state police and mine owners
to force them back.
These are the conditions we're
striking against:
Il. Against pumping our own water.
%. Against the mine owners re-
fusal to pay for dead work, break
through or cross cuts.
80. Rate on solid work cut to s2.10
last winter, cut again to S1.7O.
a. Against the use of imported
scabs.
IS. Against short weights. The
mine owners put a limit on car
weights. If a miner got .2,100 pounds
on load, he'd only get 1900 pounds
credit.
&c. Against the bosses favoritiSrn
toward their picked men. Boss never
kept turns with cars; favored the
stool pigeons.
~. Against the super, Bob Sack
fields brutality. The miners partic-
ularly resented his cursing at them"
One cop, Louie Lavelle, No. 1893,
struck Howard Harrington, 19-year-
old miner, without provocation.
The miners wives, who we're with
them on the picket line, said their
men brought home as low as IS
and SO, and SIS to $21 at the high
est a week, when working.
The miners asked many questions
about the Daily Worker and about
Russia. One of our comrades made
a brief talk on the Daily Worker,
and another spoke at greater length
on the conditions among the miners
of Soviet Russia. When the miners
heard how the Russian miners only
worked six hours a day, for pay that
brought them more food and better
homes than these American miners
were earning, they pressed us with
questions about the Soviet Union.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-09-30

Use any cereal you like for break
fast-oatmeal or wheatena-the di-
rections are on the box. Prepare
potato salad and pudding right after
breakfast. There are prepared pack
ages of chocolate pudding on the
market, but you can make your own
mixture much more cheaply I'm sure.
Rinse pan with cold water, and
put in it over a low fire Q cups milk.
In big cup mix level tablespoons
cornstarch, slightly rounded table
spoons sugar, 2 heaping teaspoons
cocoa, and pinch of salt. Mix with
two tablespoons water, and several
from the pan of milk.
When the milk begins to boil pour
the starch mixture slowly into the
milk, stirring briskly as it thickens.
The thinner you have made the mix
ture the less danger of pudding get
ting lumpy. Stir while cooking about
5 minutes. Put into bowl or small
cups or molds. Nuts and a few drops
vanilla make it more interesting.
There We're cold boiled potatoes
from yesterday. Cut in small cubes.
Mix a tablespoon each of vinegar or
water, a teaspoon of sugar, and a
little salt and pepper. Double these
amounts if you have lot Of pota-
toes.) Pour over potatoes and mix.
Add any or all of the following
items: half q small cucumber, peeled
and diced; stick chopped celery, a
diced hard-boiled egg, a bit Of
chopped green pepper, half finely
chopped onion. Then mix all to-
gether with enough rnayonnaise or
salad dressing to n1oisten, and put
in icebox.
If there are mashed potatoes left
from yesterday, form these into fat
round cakes, dip in -four and fry in
q little fat until brown on both sides,
and use for lunch
For the asparagus SOUP use either
fresh asparagus or a can of Camp
bells mixed with equal amount OF
milk. If fresh is used, I'd suggest that
the stalks, after being washed, be cut
about two inches from bottom and the
tough ends boiled, juice squeezed out,
and ends discarded. Then cook the
tips, cut in pieces, in same water I'M
til very tender; add milk and season.
ing and butter; then reheat.
The cold platter, If nicely laid out,
generally goes over big. Use one very
large or two small plates. Any or
all of the following items will be
suitable to use. Slices of any cold
meats, such as roasts; bologna, SAL
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-09-30
~ Dockot
kkHinqez
adUde1:

which affects the eye? We could noe
find the disease you mention in any
of our books, nor at the library Of
the Academy of Medicine. In despair,
we submitted the matter to our pet
monkey, Mona. She assumed nat
wistful look which makes her so fv-
able and signified that our ofe-
spondent might have meant MIRA
Tits, the American epidemic of
well-known pandamic disease of cap
italisn, characterized by hardening OF
the heart and intolerable itching Of
the palms.
Vaccination and Illumination
p. Kelly, Detroit--If there are no
cases of smallpox in Detroit, there is
no urgent need to have your child
vaccinated, but they will not allow 1t
to go to school unless you bring
certificate that the child had been
vaccinated The reason for this rule is
that the authorities are afraid of an
epidemic of smallpox, if person suf-
fering from the disease happens to
come to Detroit. When there will be
no more cases of smallpox in ths
world, there will be no necessity t5.
vaccinate children.
As to the immunization againso
diphtheria, we should advise you to
let your child get the three Shots"
even if it is not compulsory. 1t pro-
tects against the disease, notwith-
standing the claims of the ignorant.
Readers desiring health information
should address their Istters to DR.. Paul
Luttinger, CO Daily Worker. IS Z. 12th
ST.. New York City
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-09-30

poke weed salad, kind OF greens
that grows wild in the spring, no milk,
eggs, fruit, or other food except corn
meal, n1olasses, coffee and dried peas,
and very little of that.
A family of seven children-father's
E-aith gone in" the struggle to feed
them, water cut oil, these children
are dirty, hungry, sores on them and
glazing "a niles Of raos. Thev fight
with each other over the little food
they can get. The baby, II months
old, va.chs B bounds and looks like
- Gil r'"'1 - '1'a face. The Sven
year-old girl looks like a child of three.
The mother took them to doc
tor. His prescription read, These
children are dying of starvation"
and when the Red Cross woman
drove up in fine car in her FASH
ionable clothes and read it, she was
furious and said he ought to lose
his license. Eight other families in
almost the same shape.
The answer2 They are all in
block committee" now and meet
ing each week. Have elected and sent
committees with demands for relief.
have obtained a small measure Of
temporary relief and are more deter
mined than ever. These are all white
people. They are beginning to learn
that the Negro people are suffering
the same way and that we must all
join together and then we can force
the class that has everything to
come across" or there will be the
biggest fight this winter the South
has seen yet!
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-09-30

For example, Mrs. Porter (Wife of
James Porter, Negro worker who was
recently killed by Detroit police had
a group of eight children at first
and two weeks after the decision to
meet separately she succeeded in in
creasing her group to Is. BY going
from house to house she also got
parents interested. Now her group has
one Of the older children, Julia. Is
year-old Negro girl, as an assistant
captain. They are rapidly developing
their own group leadership and ini-
tiative. Now Mrs. Porter, whom we
had drawn in the work from the
LSNR has signed up for the Comrnu-
mist Party and Julia is being taken
into the Young Communist League
Both of these comrades are exam
Piles showing the correctness of our
new method of work, and we our
selves, in this district, think that this
way Of developing outside leadership
will actually make the children's
movement mass movement of
Young Pioneers.
At present we have four groups,
four captains, and four assistant cap
tains. Our concentration lies in three
blocks in the vicinity Of a local school
where demands and activity is de-
veloping around the free food, cloth
ing, and school supplies. Our leaders
in this movement may not be politi-
cally developed, but they sure know
how to build and carry on move
ment.
We would like to hear the exper-
fences of other districts on children's
work.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-09-30

A budding children's movement has
been finally established in the BLACK
Belt" of Detroit after years of I'M
successful attempts. The methods
used before the era Of the open Let
ter" were not successful because We
depended only ON the Party and
Young Communist League for lead
ersflip, and did not make any at
tempts to develop a new leadership
outside of the Party and League.
About one and one-half years ago
we thought we had a pretty good
movement. We had organized a
Free Food Fighters Club" around
the Russell School, and we even
started a Parents League.
One Party and two League mem
bers were rushing themselves to death
to be here and there. We even Sue
ceeded in getting relief for some of
the children. And what happened?
We worked hard individually with
out involving the parents and older
children in the leadership. Again
and again we requested help in the
form of more leaders from the Party
and League. But forces were small
and no more comrades were forth
coming. Seeing no other way out,
the few active comrades slowed down
little by little and finally when we
looked around the movement had
evapcrated right into the hands of
the Moorish" American and other
reactionary organizations.
After the open Letter" our forces,
our best forces, were put into the
Black Belt" with new determination.
We started checking up on children's