davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1933-07-16

against those who use the mails to de-
fraud. That section was passed many
years ago for the definite purpose OF
putting out of business the dealers il
green goods"-that is. the unscrupulouS
crooks who preyed upon unscrupulous
persons by pretending to sell them
counterfeit money supposed to have
been printed from plates stolen from
the Government Printing Office. After
the law had served its purpose and had
made the green goods" game merely q
tradition of crime, it was forgotten Tor
a long time until United States At
torney noted that one or two OF Its
very general clauses might be the means
for prosecuting anybody who used the
mails to defraud by almost any means.
He tried it out and made it stick IN
the United States Supreme Court, and
section 215. aimed at one class OF crooks
under conditions that existed half a
century ago, is today the only section
in the United States Criminal Code
which is in the least feared by criminals
In a hundred different fields.
May Use Grand Juries.
The Senate subcommittee on racket
eering might use its great potentialities
for publicity to bring to the fore what
has long been one of the most capable
and at the same time neglected agencies
for putting the fear of the law into
criminals of every degree. That
agency Is the grand jury. Twenty
years service as grand juror In New
York County, which includes Manhat-
tan Island. has convinced me that II
grand jurors were aware of the In
herent powers of the grand jury under
I.1f !, %h4 nd faf1 70 oyc Hf
every State in the Union, and that If
sive use of those powers, the forces en-
listed against organized crime would be
immensely strengthened.
In "a of the States of the Union the
grand jury is regularly engaged in its
ancient duty of hearing prima facie
evidence of crime and returning in
dictments. In the other "a States the
grand jury has fallen largely or entirely
into disuse and an information filed
by the prosecutor has been substituted
for the grand jury indictments. But
even in the information" States the
grand jury has not been abolished. 1t
lies dormant and may be summoned in
emergency. Such an emergency grand
jury was called in Detroit, for the first
time in Is years, after the cold-blooded
murder of Jerry Buckley, a radio broad
caster, on Detroit's municipal election
night, July %, 1880. 1t put fear into
the hearts of the gangsters who had
laughed at the police and the district
attorney.
The grand Jury system Is in fun
flower everywhere under the Federal
criminal law. and is stanchly supported
l. - -SConttnued "a fifth Rsgel ~ ~.
Evening star., 1933-07-16
BY ROBERT APPLETON,
President Of the New York Association oi
Grand Jurors

President OF the New York Association OF
Grand Jurors
W VAR has been declared against
a I racketeering upon so many
AI fronts that if alt of the as
saulting columns reached
their objectives this would
become almost crime-free land and
unemployment among criminals would
be a piteous sight to see.
That is the trouble with the war
against racketeering. The theater OF
operations is so large that the public
NAV well be confused and cynical. Un-
less the commanders Of the warriors
sharply delimit their operations and
differentiate between the general and
the specific the present enthusiasm Tor
attacking so-called racketeers Will be
dissipated and little will be accom-
plished.
The latest and potentially the most
valuable of the forces enlisted in the
good cause Is the subcommittee OF the
United States Senate Committee on
Commerce, appointed on June II, with
an appropriation of $4,000, to investi-
gate "racketeering." The chairman OF
the subcommittee Is Senator Royal S.
Copeland of New York, physician. The
other members are Senator Arthur H.
Vandenberg, lawyer and publisher, OF
Grand Rapids. Mich. and Senator Louis
Murphy, publisher, of Dubuque, Iowa.
The head of the Investigators for the
subcommittee is Col. Franklin S. Hutch
inson. who will direct force of opera
tives from the Bureau of Investigation
of the Department of Justice. Senator
Copeland is to be in command OF
special investigation into racketeering
in Greater New York and possibly the
surrounding metropolitan area. Senator
Vandenberg will lead an assault in De-
troit and have offices there. Senator
Murphy will have the quite consider
able task of doing something about
racketeering in Chicago.
Outlines Three Objectives.
Experience has shown that commit
tees of Congress or other legislative
bodies having the power Of subpoena
and statutory commissions having the
same power may be highly useful in
exposing evils and proposing correc-
tions when they know exactly what
they want to accomplish and how to
accomplish too much.
would suggest that before the Sen
ate subcommittee settles down to work
the members decide to limit themselves
to these three points:
A definition of racketeering.
What changes in the criminal law
and procedure, especially in the Federal
Jurisdictions, are necessary IN order to
arm police and prosecutors with efiec-
tive weapons against racketeertng when
It Is once defined
What agsncies snd xsa1ona neE -fn
Evening star., 1933-07-16

LONDON.-Those Britons who have
been treasuring, optimistically, the lit
tie preWar cases in which they carried
gold sovereigns and half sovereigns now
can throw them away. From the con-
troller of the royal mint Sir Robert
johnson, has come the disillusioning
tidrgs: $50 far as the royal mint is
concerned, gold coinage as currency Is
forever dead"
Having recently got muddled with
the highly technical World Conference
terminology on the vexed subject of
gold, there was relief at least for the
Briton in the plain statement by Sir
Robert that gold coins are thing OF
the past in Great Britain. But SO far
as the younger generation is concerned
gold coins were practically unknown
anyway. Those who mourn most over
the vanished splendor are the middle
aged, and they are compelled to admit
that paper money is more convenient
to carry than gold.
Silver Content Cut.
The number of sovereignS struck at
the Royal Mint here and at its branches
in the dominion exceeded billion. In
1911 the number minted was 30.044, los,
as compared with only 23,079.16 pen
Lp,OOO,5O1 anu 1G,O tO,oOO
halfpence.
If he is denied gold, the Briton
would at least appreciate good silver.
That in use today is certainly cheap
skate" after short circulation. In 1920
the government reduced the silver con-
tent of the silver coinage from 925
parts per 1000 to 500 parts.
THE result is all those dirty coins
you see today" says the controller.
1.-The thin covering of fine silver wears
off and leaves a dirty patch on the
kings cheek. The new silver coins
have a small percentage of zinc and
nickel, which makes them wear the
same color all through"
In the opinion Of many 100 per
centers it is an indignity to King
George to have such battered and tar
nished representations of him passing
over the counters and bars, when the
portrait Of his grandmother, Queen
Victoria, is still so well preserved on
gold coins that are daily coming to
light.
Other Countries Use Mint
The Royal Mint makes the coinage
for all the countries of Europe except
Germany and France. An order Is
aeY - assensed tos Guatemala apa'
Evening star., 1933-07-16

the hands of the Federal and State
prosecutors. but unsuspected or neg
lected, can be turned to better advan-
tage.
1t is necessary to define racketeering
because every conceivable form of crime
is being referred to as a racket. If
committee of three Senators IS to take
all crime under consideration its men,
bers will die Of old age before they get
anywhere.
True racketeering Is Q crime against
the social order, a blackmailing q both
employers and emRlQyss auovptMa te
Evening star., 1933-07-16
Gold Coinage Is Halted in Britain;
Citizens Now Asking for Good Silver

recently an order for Jugoslavia was
completed 100000 10-dinar pieces
and 5.5oOO0O 5O-dinar pieces In the
decade ended last December the mint S
foreign clients had ordered 346,000,000
coins, more than half Of which were
silver
The last gold coins Of any kind is
sued from the Royal Mint in London
were 1900 900 lei of various denomina-
tions for Rumania in 1918 and 46.300
pieces for Egypt between 1880 and 1882
tCopyright, 1933D
Evening star., 1933-07-16
Drawing by ]. T. Berryma

a criminally levied sales tax passed di-
rectly to the consumer and representing
a complete economic loss that some ex-
perts have estimated as costing the peo-
pie of the United States more than the
legitimate expense of the Federal Gov
ernment.
AS an example of unsupported or neg
lected weapons that can be used against
crime, one of the most effective statutes
in the Federal criminal law for the pro-
lection OF the public 4 section AIS Of
the United States Criminal Code, now
employed ~ freely aad arcaeof Rlk
Evening star., 1933-07-16
Japan Fighting Chinese Boycott
With Low Prices on All Articles

crockery. A bottle of high-class pro-
duce of Scotland" sells for less than
American dollars, whereas the same
product in the store down the street is
selling for more than double that
amount.
tCopyrisht. 1880
Evening star., 1933-07-16
BY MARK SULLIVAN.

YHAT is here attempted Is a
I surmise about what, funda-
mentally. is taking place in
the world. In this seismic
Evening star., 1933-07-16

administration has initiated
domestic price rise by its strate-
gic policy of bringing about de-
i p-eciation of the dollar. 1t hopes
hold and nNtend this rise by
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-31
Chinese Revolutionary
Girl Writer Executed

SHANGHAI, July 3o.-ling Ling,
the revolutionary Chinese woman
writer who was shot without trial in
all the rlovelists and short story writ
erS of the international revolutionary
Shanghai on June 6, at the age of
Is, was one of the most talented of
movement.
She had been sought by the agents
of Chang Kai-shek since February,
1880, when her husband, HUI Yeh-ping
and % other organizers of the first
All-China Soviet Congress in Kiangsi
were executed in Shanghai.
She escaped to her home in Human,
but soon returned to Shanghai to
continue her work. She was editor
of revolutionary literary magazine,
"The Polar Star" and one of the
organizers of the China League of
Left Writers.
The daughter of an old feudal
landlord family of Human Province,
she first became interested in stu
dent problems, and then, through HUI
Yeh-ping, in the revolutionary move
ment. In 1882 she published a novel
built around the great Yangtze floods,
picturing the corruption of the Off
Gals who first diverted the funds
provided for dykes to their own pock-
cts, and, during the floods, were to-
tally indifferent to the need for re-
lief. AT the time of her execution
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-31
Questions and Answers

class. This exploitation is achieved
in production through the purchase
by the bosses of labor power, the
lle Of which is the only means Of
livelihood for the worker. The use
value Of labor to the capitalist is the
productioE. of commodities, whose
value is in excess of the wages paid.
This surplus goods, or surplus value,
is the source Of all profit The CAPT.
talist may pay the worker the value
of his labor power Though this is not
always done) and on this basis, thru
making the worker work beyond the
time necessary to reproduce goods
equal to the value of his labor power,
realize surplus value or profit. The
question asked deals with the dis
tribution of the total surplus value
created by the working class as a
whole to the capitalist class as a
whole, instead Of the capitalist in an
individual plant reNizing the surplus
value squeezed out of his workers.
For further information we urge
workers to read Value Price and Prof
it, and the Political Economy Les
sons in the Marxist study course by
International Publishers. Workers
who wish more advanced study should
refer to Capital.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-31
FASCISTS ADMIT
c. P. Is GROWING
DESPITE TERROR
Mass Arrests Fail to
Check Revolutionary
Activity

BERLIN. July 30.-The FitI1 gov
eminent admitted officially Yesterday
that it had entirely failed TO check
the revolutionary activities of the
Communist Party in Germany, and
that thousands of workers have been
joining the Party.
This adnisS N followed another
nation wide series of raids yesterday,
in which $50 arrests were reported
to have been made, including Helm
rich HuelSnlann, and 35 other Com
munist functionaries of Essen, the
enter of the German steel industry.
The Nazis reported that 100 had
been arrested in Leipsig, 90 in Ham
burg, 30 at Recklinghousen West
phalia, % in Stadthagen, IA in Bres-
lau.
In reporting the arrests the Nazis
said they seized large quantities of
arms and explosives in Da1astadt
and near Muenster, Westphalia.
All Communists in Nazi prisons
will be starved for three days be-
cause someone cut down the Hin
denburg Oak planted on Tempelhof
May 1st, the Hitler government an-
nounced today, although it admitted
it did not know who had destroyed
the tree.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-31
NANKING BRIDES
FENG ASHIS FAKE
DRIVENEXPOSED
He Acts With Japan
csc, Handing Over
Dolon Nor to Them

PEKING, China, July 30-Ovef
$4,000 Marking troops are within five
miles of the armies of General Feng
Yu Hsiang in Chahar Province, but
reports from the war front state that
Feng's characterization will be sttled
peacefully"
Peaceful settlement are by way Of
a substantial payment.
Feng who was supposed to be fight-
ing Japan on the border Of Man.
chukuo sent two Of his representatives
to the Japanese military headquarters
and offered to drop his arrny's name
nti-Japanese salvation army and
to withdraw from Dolon Nor, which
he took with the support of the
japanese.
Many of Fengs followers who
thought he actually was conducting
drive against Japanese invasion have
been disillusioned by this move.
This has made it easier for Chiana
Kali shek "a bride General Feng.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-31
Film Car Forbids
Anti-Hitler Movie

HOLLYWOOD, July 30. - Will
Hays, movie >7ar, has attempted to
stop production of an anti-Hitler
picture entitled 1.-THE Mad Dog of
Germany" which is being produced
by Jaffe and Mankiewicz, indepen-
dent producers.
Hays, who approved the Fascist
picture Gabriel Over the White
House" the breaking picture,
THE Great Jasper; the anti-Com-
munist picture Heroes for Sale"
and the anti-Soviet picture For
gotten Commandments" .aid h e
did not want to antagonize Germany
for fear it would interfere with
American film business in Germany.
Jaffe and Mankiewicz said they
would continue with their picture,
but whether they will do so in face
OF the opposition of the highly
trustif1ed film and theater industry
remains to be seen. In any event.
the picture would view the situation
in terms OF the persecution of Jews.
without reference to the infinitely
more vicious attack of Hitler on the
working class.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-31
Officials Sabotage
Appeal of p. |. Reds

MANILA, P. l., July 30.-No appeal
to the United States Supreme Court
can be made in the case of 20 Philip
pine Communist leaders serving eight
year sentences here because the sol-
citor-general delayed making a GER
titled English translation of the rec
ord Of the trial until the legal period
for making an appeal had expired.
The 20 leaders were among 319
persons arrested on May 81, 1881, for
attending convention of the left
wing trade union movement. No
other charge was brought against
them. They were convicted under
sedition act which Is so broad that 1t
can be used TO railroad any worker
who organizes.
The American Civil Liberties Union
attempted to make an appeal to test
the constitutionality OF the act. bu.
was prevented by the sabotage of the
solicitor-g general, who did not have
The records translated The Civil Ii
oerties Union has now urged Cover
nor-eneral Frank Murphy. former
mayor OF Detroit, TO review the cases.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-31

An intensive drive to raise funds
and to organize protests against Ger
man Fascism begins in New York
Today, and will continue until Aug. 7.
In other parts of the country, Anti
Fascist week is from August to Ia.
Led by the National Committee to
Aid Victims of German Fascism, all
branches of the International Labor
Defense, Workers International Re
lief, International Workers Order,
workers clubs, Jewish and all other
language organizations, all student5'
and cultural organizations are send
ing hundreds of workers out on the
streets and to all meetings this week
to collect funds and to call for pro-
test resolutions.
Collection boxes and other materi-
ais for those who have not received
them yet. can be obtained at the
headquarters of the National Com
mittee, rs Fifth Ave, New York.
Many workers organizations will
hold anti-Fascist rallies and street
meetings, in addition to sending
their members to shops and blocks
to make collections.
The funds are to be used for the
defense of prisoners Of the German
fascists, and for relief of victims of
Fascism. The National Committee
which has sponsored the anti-Fas-
cist Week is the American section
of an international committee head
ed by many well-knovn writer's and
liberals, as we'll as by working class
leaders.
America has seriously Jagged be-
hind other countries in raising funds
for the victims of German Fascism. !"
statement from the committee said.
Both England and France have
raised large sums, which have been
used not only for the relief of refug-
ees who pour out of Germany with
out funds or hope Of jobs, but also
to set up soup kitchens in Germany
itself, which remain open despite the
Nazi terror. There are II such kit
chens in Berlin alone.
THE task of defending and aid
ing the victims of German Fascism
deman(T lIndreds of thousands of
doll~--
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-31
Bullets Fail to Stop Hamburg Demonstration

NEW YORK. The undaunted
struggles of Hamburg workers
against the Nazi terror is pictured
in the following notes of an Amer
lean seaman who has just returned
to New York with his ship from the
German port.
By II. p.
On Monday night, July II, work.
ers held a huge demonstration in
Altoona working class district of
Hamburg) in memory Of the workers
shot down one year ago on Bloody
Sunday" July IT, 1882, on the bar
ricades. Na2i troopers and police
slipped upon the demonstration and
fired upon the workers, killing Sc
venteen. The workers fired back
killing three Nazis and two COPS.
Three workers of Altoona we're re-
Gently sentenced to death by the
Nazis for their part in defending
the workers on Bloody Sunday"
In Altoona on July 2, 1888, a meet
ing was called of the newly created
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-31

QUESTION: Will you clear up
a question on MarxiSn for me?
In "Wage-Labor and Capitar' it is
clearly stated that the average price
of commodity is its cost Of pro-
duction, which seems to imply that
capitalists as class make no prof
1t. Since reading Teachings of
Karl Marx" by Lenin I see Lenin
modifies this statement by adding
to the cost of production the aver
age profit page 25) it seems more
reasonable.
ANSWER: In "Wage-Labor and
Capital" Q849), Marks first work on
political economy, Frederic Engels
points out there are some sections that
contain expressions and whole SEN
fences which, from the point of view
Of the late- work, (Critique of Po-
litical Econ my 1881 seem distorted
and even incorrect" You point out
one of these which Marx fully cover
ed in Capital, the first volume of
which was printed in 1867. In
Volume III Marx uses the express
sion price of production" as distin-
guished from cost of production"
Price Of production means the total
cost to produce an article plus the
average rate of profit. In dealing
with capitalist production as whole,
Marx points out that whereas in some
industries a greater amount of sur
plus value is produced than in
others, through competition the profit
rate has a tendency to level out. In
stead of the capitalist in each in
dustry receiving the surplus value or
profit produced in that particular in
dustry, there is formed an average
rate Of profit which means that the
total surplus value produced by the
entire working class is spread over
the total capital. The price of pro-
duction is the amount the capitalist
spends for machinery, raw materials
and labor power, plus the average
rate Of profit that his capital draws
from the total surplus value produced
by the workers in given capitalist
society.
In practice, Of course, the average
profit is modified by monopoly cap
italism which through domination in
single branch of production has
tendency to get more than the aver
age Chat is a greater amount Of the
surplus value) at the expense of the
monopoly industry.
Marx in his writings on political
economy pointed out that the source
OF all profit in whatever form it is
realized profit of enterprise, interest.
renO is the exploitation of the whole
toiling population by the capitalist
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-31
c. P. of Soviet
Union Celebrates !.
Both Anniversary
Students From u. S.
Universities Come To
Observe and Study

MOSCOW, July 30.-The Soviet
press today devotes much space to
the thirtieth anniversary of Bolshe-
vism, dating from the Second Con-
gress of the Russian Social Demo-
cratic Labor Party, July 30, 1903.
AS editorials, the Pravda and Izvestia
carry authoritative statements by the
Marx Engels-Lenin Institute, entitled
Thirty Years Of the Bolshevist
Party" The statements contain a
summarized history of the Party, and
consist of three sections: The Sc
cond Congress and its Historical
Significance, the period between the
Second Congress ar,5 the october
Revolution, and the Party in the
Epoch of the Proletarian Dictator
ship.
Trace Party History
The document, remarkable for its
clearness, compactness and historical
authority traces an unbroken thread
Of Bolshevist theory and policy on
one hand, and Menshevist opposition
and deviations on the other. Memoirs
of participants in the Second Con-
gress, are prominently featured. The
observance of the Thirtieth Anniver-
sary of Bolshevism was preceded by
a wide campaign popularizinG the
history of the Communist Party.
Flood Of Visitors
During the last couple of weeks
American tourists have been arriv-
ing by the hundreds, the Intourist
handling smoothly the details &C.
casioned by the flood of visitors. A
group of New York students is here
on study course as part of their
college program. "Voks," the Society
for Cultural Relations with the Fo-
reign Countries, is playing leading
part in making it easy for foreign
students and observers to gen first
hand knowledge of the country.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-07-31
ANTI-FASCIST DEFENSE,
RELIEF, PROTEST WEEK
BEGINS IN n. Y. TODAY
Masses Called on to Raise Funds as Inten
sified Nazi Terror Makes Tens of
Thousands Victims

NEW YORK-Anti-Fascist Relief and Defense week be-
gins today in New York.
Every day the of constantly intensified NaM terror
in While the Fasciss preparing the murder o.
ThaelmaRn TOrger, DmrOff Tane POpOff and hundreds
of other Communist leaders, other Communists tortured
murdered of thousands of workers imprisoned
leaving their families destitute; tens of thousands of Jews
and others thrown out of employment and forbidden to
living; thousands reach the frontiers fleeing from
the terror.
The need of immense funds and fgreat protests
against the Naz and for the defense of its Victims is
immensely urgent.