davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-05-06

County Prison in Birmingham, Ala
The verdict shocked him, he said, but
knowing the character Of Southern
Justice" it was not entirely unex-
pected.
"It shows that the Alabama rul-
ers will stop at nothing, especially
when it comes to unfolding their
system of slavery" Herndon asked
eagerly about plans for the Scots
borO March to Washington and
praised the International Labor De-
Tense.
EJERNDON'S first job at the age of Is
III was in coal mine in Lexington
KY. One year later he was working
for the Tennessee Coal and Iron
Company, and in 1880 when he first
became active as militant organ
izer he was an unemployed steel
worker in Birmingham.
How did you first become in
terested in the movement" I
asked Herndon.
He smiled. 81 was hunting jobs
around town in front Of the EN-
pIoyment agencies. OF course,
there were no jobs to be had, but
kept on looking. One day 1 saw
some handbills stuck up In front
of one of the agencies. 1t was
call to the unemployed to come
to a meeting in the park, and
was signed by the Unemployed
Council of Birmingham.
thought I'd go over. / got in
terested in the fight, and only
few months later was elected
delegate to the National Unem-
ployed Council convention in
Chicago. Later was sent down
TO Atlanta. The rest don't have
to tell you about"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-05-06

MY father was share cropper for
W w. H. Rhine, but the main owners
are Everett and Boykin. My father
raised a crop on this agreement:
They raised the crop on halves; the
landlord furnished the supplies, my
father and brothers were to do all
the work raising the crop. There
was big family Of us at the time
and at the price he was selling his
groceries for, 1t cost US about SIS a
week at his store-where he charges
3 prices for everying-3 times town
prices. Twenty-four pound sorry
grade flour he charges $l00, you get
in town for As cents; this salt side
meat Is 8 or cents In town, he
charges 25 or 30 cents pound for 1t;
this rapside bacon he charges IS cents
where you can buy 1t for II cents In
town; this green coffee sells about
three lbs for rs cents. two lbs. from
him is IS cents; this tobacco he sells
lin town IT Is 5 cents plug and he
sells for IS cents. And clothing: You
can give him an order for pair Of
shoes or shirt or something and he
will get the shoes from Mobile for
rs cents or 81 and he will charge
you $3.50 or $500 pair.
THEIR FEET CRACK OPEN
The children that's living on that
company's land have to go bare
footed so long that in cold weather
their feet crack open and get big
sores on them. The children are eat
up with hook worms from the soil
from going bare footed. Some of
them get sick--they get so weak from
worms, they get down sick and lay in
bed for months at time. They can't
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-05-06

and Jackson Higiway--all paper
wood; that's all in that country to
do. The men work up until Friday
evening, hundreds of them and they
leave the first thing Saturday morn
ing and walk twelve miles to this
store where they are supposed to pay
off and stand around to wait until
sometimes 8 O'Clock Saturday night
until they check them up and give
them anything. Some OF them will
get dollar or SO, some of them may
get two or three and they will say
you didn't get in much wood this
week" or ut didn't get on the track"
and they won't pay the full amount,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-05-06

cry and deSolation on the one hand
and growing struggle on the
other. He told of the thousands of
unemployed on the streets, Of aban-
doned farms; of toilers on the land
unable to scratch a barest living
from the soil and of their farms
seized by the bankers and land
lords; OF plantations in Georgia;
of the overseers who stand over Ne
gro troopers with guns, driving
them to work like convicts-and of
the workers on the murderous Geo
orgia chain gang which he himself
was facing, unafraid.
"EVIDENCE" against Herndon at
II the trial consisted OF literature
seized without search warrant on
his person and in his room which
consisted of copies OF the Daily
Worker, The Communist, Party Or
ganizer, Liberator, organ Of the
League of Struggle for Negro
Rights, and the pamphlet, 1.-THE
Communist Position on the Negro
Question"
When Watson, Atlanta detective
specializing in Red cases, and
other prosecution witnesses at the
trial persisted in referring to Hern-
don and other Negroes as ringers"
and "darkies," the LID. attorneys
vigorously protested in open court,
forcing the judge to rule against
the further use Of the obnoxious
term. The defense at the same time
protested the addressing of Negro
witnesses by their first names in
stead of Mr.. and Mrs.
PROSECUTION ADMITS
REAL ISSUES
Admitting that the issue on trial
was the advocacy Of unconditional
rights for the oppressed Negro mas
ses and the demand for self-deter-
mination where the Negroes consti-
tute the majority of the population,
Solicitor John Hudson, the state pro-
secutor concluded his summation to
the jury with the fervent plea to
stamp this thing out now with a
conviction
UEEsNDON, Strapping, intelligent
Ii appearing young fellow, weighed
is5 pounds when he was arrested last
July. lie weighs much less now, he
knows, because the clothes 1 still
have are much too big for me-" He
wore light-grey striped trousers and
q white shirt open at the throat. His
first request was for cigarettes and
for the newspapers and magazines I
had with me.
Herndon's cell is in reality death
cell, for with him have been placed
four other Negro boys now facing
electrocution following Georgia con-
viction on a charge that they were
implicated in the killing of an Atlanta
policeman.
HIS LIFE IN PRISON
The cell occupied by the five pri-
soners, Herndon told me, is about IL
feet by 8. There are no beds, only
iron hunks attached to the sides of
the cell, with mattresses and blank
cts never washed" A toilet Is gen
erously provided by the State of
Georgia. but it seldom flushes, and
is always in need Of repair, Herndon
said.
The young Negro Is suffering from
stomach trouble Inevitable from the
lack of exercise and a prison diet
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-05-06
USE FAKE ELECTRIC CHAIR
TO THIRD-DEGREE HERNDON
tets Crush Unity of Negro and White VIII FALL Says Young Negro
Organizer, Facing 20 Years Chain Gang Prison
By SENDER GARLrN.

FAKE electric chair resembling in every respect the real
used for execution purposes in the Georgia State
Prison. utilized in the attempt to wrest confession
from Angelo Hendon 19yearod Negro boy sentenced
1920 years the chain gang.
This learned from Herndon himself when interviewed
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-05-06

hardly get any medicine or doctors
You have to notify health Officers
and the commission is supposed to be
looking out for people in that shape
When women are down with children
or they give birth to child, they
have to eat common food--salt meat
and beans and corn bread. They have
no milk. If you are sick you can't get
a doctor unless you have cattle OF
have somethin gthat you can mort
gage or give him to stand good for
the bill until you can pay it.
TURPENTINE workers are raising
l cups at 10 cents hundred in
scattered timber and the best that
has been known to be made yet by
them turpentine men is 35 cents a
day. At the end of the week when
he goes in to draw his time the man
will hand him dollar or so and say
that he will have to make out with
that and take the rest out in trade in
the store. Unless he trades with him
during the summer time, when tur-
pentine work closes down, he won't
allow him to trade with him in the
winter. If he don't trade the year
round he can't get anything.
The women, girls and all haven't
changing of clothes and can't get
them.
"A LADY WRITES YOU up
And the government work supposed
to be going on there-this road work.
Unless you are in good standing with
some OF the men or have some pull
you can't get a job on the road. There
are ten Of us in the family and after
working in two different counties
and work on the road they did give
my father four days work at a dollar
a day to support ten. When you go to
get job on the road you go to
desk where a lady writes you up and
questions you as far back as she can
think Of. They try to get excuses to
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-05-06
EXPERIENCE
SOUTH, OF ALA SHARECROPPER TELLS CORRESPONDENT

The following is literal des-
cription Of the life Of turpentine
workers and share-croppers In
Southern Alabama as told rec
emily TO a Daily Worker Cores
pondent-Editor's Note.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1933-05-06
THE ALABAMA
LYNCH VERDICT

The recent lynch verdict of the
Decatur courts, in the case Of Hay
wood Patterson, first of the Scots
boro boys to come up for new
trial, has most especially brought
to light the fragrant systematic ex-
clusion of all Negroes from jury
service: has evidenced the repeated
and wilful attempts by the courts
of Alabama legally to murder nine
The Washington times., 1933-10-06
Railway Graft
Nips French

PARIS, Oct. GA clerk in
the French ministry of rail-
ways has just discovered that
for Is years the YOnne de-
paremental council has been
paying for a railway which
has never existed, between
JOigny and Villeneuve-L'Ar-
cheveque.
The line had been sur
veyed, the rOad-bed laid and
some of the rails put in place,
when the World War came
and the rails were torn up
to serve military purposes.
The equivalent Of $4,000 has
continued to appear on the
annual departmental budget,
however, as q subsidy to the
rail company.
The Washington times., 1933-10-06
ALCOHOLS LEAD
QUIET CURB
TRADING

NEW YORK, Oct. 8 dN.sJ.
strength in alcohols and a scat
tering Of speciality issues featured
= quiet and generally firm Curb
market session today.
Distillers, Ltd, was one Of the
days leaders in point Of activity.
Safety Car Shines
Safety Car Heating was the
outstanding performer in the spe-
cialty group.
Utilities were slightly improved.
Electric Bond and Share, Amer
dcan Gas and Electric, and Nj
agara- Hudson were among the
active favoriteS to top previous
closing levels by a narrow mar
gin.
Oils did little. Cities Service
common eased. Investment Trusts
were steady.
Gold Shares Ease
Gold shares were easier, with
Lake Shore, Tech Hughes and
Wright Hargreaves showing slight
declines.
American Power and Light IS
were under pressure in the bond
division.
The Washington times., 1933-10-06

which would benefit by probable
Administration policies.
The chief policies to consider
are credit expansion, public works
and the ultimate retaliation Of
the dollar.
There is some probability that
a big move to expand bank credit
may act as rabbit" in the
near future. Signs are evident that
the slow-moving public works
program is getting under way,
which would furnish a basis for
bulling stocks connected wi h
construction industries.
Eventually, it is probable that
the dollar will be revalued in
terms of gold. I think that this
step is quite a way in the future,
but earlier moves to stabilize dol
lar exchange are likely to keep
revaluation before the public.
Since revaluation will probably
be on a low basis which would
tend to raise commodity prices,
the whole performance will prob
ably give more support to bulls
The Washington times., 1933-10-06
.. { P. OPPOSES
CODE PAY GUT

Application Of wage provisions
in the proposed grocery code
would reduce by $19, 0O0,0 900 yearly,
the total payrolls of the Great At
lantic & Pacific Tea Co., Frank
w. Wheeler, representative of that
company, testified here yesterday
at an NRA hearing.
Mr.. Wheeler stated that propoS-
ais under consideration would re-
duce men in responsible posi-
lions" to a wage level inconsistent
with their usefulness. He advo-
Gated $35 a week for employees in
a managerial capacity. The code
proposes a rate of $25 to $50 for
this type Of employe. He said:
"Under the temporary food
code in operation since August
l, this company has increased
its annual payroll over $1O,OOOs-
900. Under the present pro-
pOsal the cOmpany'S payroll
would not only be decreased by
this amount but by 100000
besides"
The Washington times., 1933-10-06
Caution and Side Lines
Urged On Investors

than to bears-at least at these
levels.
Forces Very Mixed
Whatever happens, the market
forces are very mixed. You see
this in the fact that some people
have been buying stocks on the
hope of initiation, and others have
bought on the hope of "stabiliza-
ton"
II the recovery program goes
through, it seems that initiation is
to be soft pedaled. But that
would help some stocks and hurt
others.
Under such mixed conditions !
would be suspicious of any broad
general market moves. Logically
the moves should now be Selec-
tive.
Personally, I doubt that mere
credit initiation and steps to ex'
pand bank loans can accomplish
much at present. If technical
conditions are right; the market
will rally, and traders would then
talk about bank credit expansion
That is about all.
Count On Retaliation
But I think we can count on
the thought of an eventual reval
uation of the dollar at a low
level in terms of gold being al
ways in the background, and that
this will prevent any sustained de
cline based on. the fear of a col
lapse of the Initiation stocks"
There may be sense in the feel.
ing of some that a final day Of
climax selling would put the mar
ket in better shape for a sus
tanned rally. 1 am inclined tt
doubt that an upward move be
ginning right here will go very far
But I feel that even if there
were to be climax" day on the
doWnside, the market would soor
come back to present levels, with
a good possibility Of closing the
gap left on September 21-whict
is 60 points above recent low
levels.
The Washington times., 1933-10-06
CIRCULATION Up
S57,000,000

The daily average volume Of
Federal Reserve Bank credit out
standing during the week ended
October 4, as reported by Federal
Reserve banks, was $2,426, 000, 900,
an increase Of $4,000, 900 COM
pared with the preceding week
and of $184, 100000 compared
with the corresponding week in
1892.
On October 4 total Reserve
bank credit amounted to $2,449.'
10000, an increase of $4,000, 900
for the week.
This increase corresponds with
increases Of $57, 900 in money
in circulation and 100000 in
unexpended capital funds, non
member deposits, ETC., and a de.
crease Of 1000, 900 in Treasury
currency adjusted. offset in part
by a decrease Of $73,000,000 in
member bank reserve balances.
Inc increase IN currency clrcu-
lation was due to month-end re-
quirements.
Bills discounted decreased &c..
100000 at the Federal Reserve
Bank Of Philadelphia and $1O,.
100000 at all Federal Reserve
banks.
Holdings Of United States
Treasury notes increased $34, 000,-
600, and of Treasury certificates
and bills 100000, while hold
ings Of United States bonds
decreased 100000.
The Washington times., 1933-10-06
SELECTED RAIL
BONDS FIND
DEMAND

NEW YORK, Oct. 6 G.N.S).-
Continued demand for selected
rail and domestic corporation OBJ.
legations. featured a quiet bond
market session today.
Favored Carriers
Among the favored carrier
loans were the st. Paul adjust
ment IS A which advanced and
Southern Pacific As of '49.
American and Foreign Power SIS
stood out in the domestic list,
while international Telephone
AVS Of '39 and. Warner Pictures IS
were up fractionaIly.
United States ernmentS
were somewhat irregular, with
firmness prevalent in the Treas
ury 414s and Treasury 334S.
Foreign Liens Quiet
Foreign loans were quiet. with
the German 512s easing.
Columbia Gas and Electric SIS
of 81 featured the utility group
with a gain of almost a point.
The Washington times., 1933-10-06
GRAINS DECLINE
UNDER LEAD
Of CORN

CHICAGO, Oct. 6 GN.S0.
Continued liquidation in corn,
which sent the deferred deliveries
to new seasons lows for q loss
Of ground &c unsettled grains
here today.
Low For December
May corn dropped 1Rc, to 501ac
and December lac, to 43Rc,
the latter being the lowest since
last May and representing a de-
cline Of 381ac bushel from the
years high. Prices, however,
rallied from the lows.
Near midSession corn was &c
to SEC lower. Wheat was UNI
changed to Nc off, oats, 1ac to
sc down, and rye, 21ac to 23sc
lower.
Liverpool Close Higher
Liverpool wheat closed % to 12d
higher, Winnipeg unchanged to
Zee higher.
Estimated carlot receipts here
were: Wheat "a, corn 267, oats 20.
The Washington times., 1933-10-06
BROKERS LOANS
DROP IN WEEK

Loans on stocks and bonds to
brokers and dealers by reporting
Federal Reserve member banks in
New York city decreased $16,.
100000 during the week ended
October 4 to a total of $780,
100000. This compared with
$806, O0O, 900 a week ago and with
$426. 900 900 a year ago.
Demand loans constituted $516,-
100000 of the total, compared
with 1881 100000 last week. Time
loans were $274,000,000, against
$275, 10000
Loans on securities direct to
nonbroker customers by reporting
New York city member banks de-
creased $12.OO0,0OO during the
period to a total of SLOPE 900 900.
This compares with $1,034. 600 600
a week ago and with $1,267 ,O0O,-
900 a year ago.
The Washington times., 1933-10-06
RETAIL PRICES
UNDER PROBE

A nationwide investigation By
agents Of the AAA is under way
to determine the effect Of the pro-
cessing tax on retail prices in GER
tain commodities. There were in
dications today these prices may
be questioned.
The principal complaint of the
Agricultural Administrator, George
N. Peek, and DR.. Frederic c. Howe,
consumers counsel, is that mer-
chants are attributing their higher
prices, in many instances solely
to these taxes.
Evidence has already been re.
ported that clerks apparently have
been coached to make such an
explanation to customers, particu-
larly those who complain of high
prices on cotton goods.
Textile interests have protested
against further retention of this
particular processing tax.
The Washington times., 1933-10-06
Good Business
News Items

World use Of tin up 10 per
cent in year. .DOw-JOnes
iron and steel price average
advances. September best
Packard month in dollar
sales in two years. .Glidden
Company sales in September
27.5 per cent above year
ago. .FreepOrt and Texas
Gulf companies increase
profits in third quarter. 4.
Chain stores continuing sales
gains. .KreSge sales 1871
per cent above September'S
last year. Murphy Company
sales to date this year 14.6
per cent above like 1882
period. DE Soto deliveries
more than double last year
week.
The Washington times., 1933-10-06
Old West Virginia
Oil Field Revived

OIL CITY, Pa, Oct. 6.-Three
oil-Well competitions in Lost Run
pool, Richie county, in West
Virginia, in the past week have
a total daily initial production
of 2,160 barrels of Pennsylvania
grade crude. These are the best
wells in the field for many
years.
Richards Farm Oil Co. has two
wells doing 1910 barrels daily,
and Boehm & Stricken Oil Co.
one doing $50 barrels. Produc-
ton is holding up well and sew
eral new tests are under way.
The Washington times., 1933-10-06
Bankers to Resume
Dinner Forum Soon

Robert H. Lacey, president Of
the local chapter of the American
Institute of Banking, announces
that plans are under way for the
early resumption of the dinner
forums so popular with the mem
bers last year.
Norman E. Towson is chair
man of the committee in charge
of arrangements, and other mem
bers are Stuart S. Ogilivie, I. J..
Roberts, Miss Mabel v. Royce, E.
Wallace Schreiner, A. w. Sher-
man, and Miss Alice H. Whitton.
The Washington times., 1933-10-06
Hog Market Fairly
ActiUe in CHICAGO

CHICAGO, Oct. 6 uN.S).-The
hog market was fairly active and
steady to strong today, with
some light hogs SC higher than
yesterday. Top brought $3.50
with most of the heavy hogs
steady. Receipts were $4,000.
Cattle supply was $500. Moth
ing good was offered. Cows were
down Csc to 40c. Stockers and
feeders showed no change.
Choice lambs were held at 81.
The Washington times., 1933-10-06
NEW YORK PRODUCE

NEW YORK. Oct. G.N.s).-Butter
dull and unsettled. Sailed and un-
sailed creamery. higher scoring. FAX %
rs; creamery extras, 24@25; creamery
firsts 1904; ladies, fresh extras, 17h
OBS.
Cheese quiet. Wisconsin, whole milk,
fancy young Americans, 12% DISH.
Eggs barely steady. Nearby white
specials. 35@3S; standards, 33@S4kc;
mediums, 26@29: nearby brown spe-
Gals, 26@36; standards, 25: mixed spe-
fiT at ~ Sg S21; seconds sec 17@is: me.
dunn, 1901; Pacific Coast, white,
fancy packs. 37@S9; standards. $40
37h; mediums. 26@2S.
The wholesale price IL 1898 per
100 lbs. No. l fluid milk within the
201-210-mile zone.
The Washington times., 1933-10-06
Peerless Motors
ShOrtenS Name

RICHMOND, Va, Oct. 5 GIN.
S0.-PeerleSS Motor Corporation
stockholders meeting here yester.
day, approved a proposal to change
it's name to the Peerless Corpo-
ration.
The board of directors was in
creased from five to nine mem
bers, George A. Ellis, William
Dewey LouchS, Edward P. Taylor
and John M. Lee were added to
the board.
The Washington times., 1933-10-06
NeIU England Aided
By NRA, Bank Finds

In it's current Summary Of
New England Business" the Ma
Eional Shawmut Bank Of Boston
reports that despite the slight
reduction in productive activity
during August the rates of opera
ton in New England remain at
high levels.
This higher rate Of production
in New England than in other
sections, the bank states, reflects
the impetus given to industries
producing consumers goods by
the NRA program. The textile
industry of New England was
especially benefited by the elimi-
nation Of low cost competition
by mills in other sections.
The Washington times., 1933-10-06
COTTON STEADYz
WITH RANCE
NARROW
NEW YORK, Oct. 6 GNS0.-
Cotton futures held steady within

NEW YORK, Oct. 6 GN.s0.-
Cotton futures held steady within
a narrow range today. -
The market lacked news Of inn -
portance during the day. -
Market Is Thin ~
The market was thin affair."
with light hedge sales and a.
little New Orleans and local SELF
ing more than offsetting a limited Il
demand from the domestic and
continental trade. Wall Street and
professional traders bought in q
small way for a technical rally. 80
Weather was wholly favorable
for harvesting the crop but with
80 degrees at one Oklahoma sta
ton suggesting cooler conditions.
The guess of exchange MEM :
bers as to the Government CROP
estimate was 12,568,000 bales. e
Other Estimates '
Another private report made :
the crop 11,491 900 bales, against,
11,184,000 by the same authority
a month ago. A house with Far
Eastern connections estimated the
Indian crop at 100000 bales Of
400 pounds each, excluding $50.
900 for home consumption.
Midday prices were off S to e.,
points with December off 5 at
9.61, March off at 9.85, May
off 5 at 1000 and July off at,
1914, =.
The Washington times., 1933-10-06
NRA to Boost Labor
Costs $40 Per Cent

Rough preliminary indications
are that labor costs for industry
as q whole will be increased by
some 8 per cent to 10 per cent I'M
der operation of the NRA codes,
according to the Standard Stats
tics Company.
However, there is a wide varia-
Con in individual lines, ranging
erom virtually nothing in some in
dustries to as high as 40 per cent
en some bituminous coal districts.
The Washington times., 1933-10-06
Virginia-C Carolina
PROXY Fight Opens

RICHMOND, Va, Oct. 6 UN.S0
A new fight was under way on the
management OF Virginia Carolina
Chemical Corporation today by a
group of holders Of prior prefer
ence stock opposing the retire
ment of 84,871 preference shares
now held in the company'S treas
ury.
The prior preference holders,
headed by George S. Kemp, of
Richmond, say they would lose
their right to elect a majority Of
the board if the par value of the
outstanding preference stock is re-
duced below 100000.
The Washington times., 1933-10-06
CLEVELAND LIVESTOCK.

CLEVELAND. Oct. 6 CN.S0.-Hogs:
Receipts, 500: mostly steady but rather
slow, demand somewhat limited.
Cattle-Receipts, $50; market very
slow, fair demand for good cattle; COM
mon grass cattle dull, good many I'M
sold
Calves-Recefpts 300; good calves
steady with fair action; sheap calves
slow and lower.
Sheep-Receipts 1900; market steady
with fairly good action; best action on
the better grades.