Evening star., 1933-12-03


well as the strongest Of the American
republics, and for the consultation OF
all the American governments before
any action. any joint action for purely
humanitarian purposes, were undertaken
In any country where civil war had
plunged the foreign, as well as the
native population, in chaos and an
archy. This doctrine would prescribe
hegemony and overlordship of any one
Of the nations members OF the Amer
lean family. 1t would prescribe the
sort of intervention which we have
witnessed in the past and which con-
stitutes today, by far, the greatest
barrier to Pan-American harmony.
The logical complement of the steps
suggested a necessary compile
ment, If the peace and cooperation Of
the American republics is to be estaD-
lished on solid ground-would be the
effective organization of international
peace in the Western Hemisphere.
Court of Justice a Necessity.
BY this is meant the ratification sri
operation Of arbitration and conciliation
treaties already signed, but seldom COM
piled with; the establishment Of a Pan
American court Of justice, to settle all
political and legal disputes among
American Governments or between an
American Government and the citizens
Of another country; the formal enact
ment Of the doctrine Of non-recognition
Of territorial gains by force; the en-
forcement Of the Kellogg pact and other
agreements for the remuneration of war:
the adoption of the aggression
formula suggested by President Frank
lin D. Roosevelt, forbidding the sending
Of armed forces beyond national boun-
daries: the establishment Of a pecunisry
tribunal for the settlement of all fnan-
cial, commercial and economic differ
ences following the principles of the
Calvo and Drago doctrines; finally. the
setting up Of a continental institution
with political, economic and social at
tributes, to fill the place which the
Pan-American Union has been so
timorously reluctant to occupy; then,
perhaps. in the future. the constitution
of an American League, or Society OF
Nations.
The list, it can be easily seen, is a
long one. And an extremely difficult
one 70 fulfill But although some Of
the things mentioned may appear TO
men who call themselves practical
minded to belong, today, more to the
realm Of Utopia than TO this very
the excuse that we did not know the
way to achieve them.
A general treaty of inter- American
arbitration and one of conciliation are
already in existence. Simon Bolivar has
left the foundations for the organiza-
ton Of political peace and the estab-
lishment of mutual guaranty Of terri
torial integrity and common self-de-
fense in the new world. Among his vis-
ionary projects of more than a hundred
years ago, may be found many Of the
cures for the problems which miSunder-
standings, suspicious and disregard of
his prophetic advice have placed in the
path of Pan-American harmony. Saenz
Pena has disclosed the vision Of
united America, not in defiance Of the
rest Of the world, but in the service Of
humanity. Elihu Root has laid the
rules for an enlightened Just Pan
Americanism Calvo and Drago have
pointed the way to avoid the submission
of national and ethical problems of
| inter American relations to the selfish.
materialistic designs Of private interests.
| And more recently, Baltasar Brum
! has set forth the bases for the consti-
/ tuition of an Association of American
/ States. in which all the self-govern-
| ing countries Of the Western Hemis-
phere would pledge themselves to re-
spect the independence sovereignty
and territorial integrity Of each and
every one of them: to solve all their
differences through peaceful meanf
| and to act jointly in defense of any
| American State attacked by a nom
American power.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt has
! suggested a general and mutual COM
| promise not to send armed forces be-
yond national boundaries. which would,
in itself. prevent most of the difficult
| ties of the past James Brown Scott
has drawn a project for a Permanent
| Inter-American Tribunal of Justice. in
which all controversies of a political
or financial nature between American
countries or between an American gov
ernment and the citizen citizens Of
| another American government would
be settled by the judgment-the ju-
ridical, not the political judgment-oi
all the American nations, the only
honorable solution to the ills of a con-
tinent which has heretofore been gov
| erned by lack of understanding. lack Of
confidence and lack of equilibrium
All these remedies have already been
| advanced. They have for some time
been within the reach of the hands in
trusted with the conduct of inter-
American relations. All that was
necessary was that those hands be
guided by minds with greater grasp
of the possibilities of Pan-Americanisn.
| greater vision of the future, and, why
not say it, greater courage to breaA
with the errors and shibboleths Of tho
past.
(Copyright, 1033O