davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wrangell sentinel., 1933-12-15
GIRLS COOKING

The first and second year cooking class girls, under Miss Johnson, are planning a breakfeast at ten o'clock Saturday morning for the Peters burg Hi and Wrangell Hi basket ball teams. MT. Rasmussen and the coaches, MT. Fabricius and MT. Vim cent. will also be included.
 The breakfast will be served in MT. Fabricius' room on card tables, with place cards and decorations. Billie Ferguson, who is in charge of the serving, will have Ann Ever son, Lois Wheeler, and Miriam Grant help her. Lois will have "harge of the decorations. Dorothy Voss, Cherie Sorset, Madge Davis and Alice Harvie will do the cook ing. This is the first time the girls have made an appearance this year
The Wrangell sentinel., 1933-12-15

stated Tn a previous issue, our re- porter wishes to state that the de- nnquencles mentioned are of very InIle4uent occurrance.
 The nam oDjectiyes are to develop ln the future citizens a sense of responsibility, initiative and the habit of cooperation ill group af- fairs, handling each situation as it arlses with the technique of d miniature democracy.
 Incidentally, committees are l. pointed or elected for such routine as planning programs, keeping the tables, etc, in order, caring for plants, cleaning erasers, inspecting hands for cleanliness, etc.
 Discussions of questions ot coll duct often come up and it is in- teresting to note in the children thelr innate sense of ethicaI values and the soundness of the conclusions reached.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1933-12-15
FRENCH XMAS CARDS

The French II class decided in November to make French Xmas ards as part of their project work TOT this six weeks. Hurried calls were sent out for battleship lino- leum. After few cut fingers and several ruined dispositions the linoleum was carved up into al sorts Of fantastic designs and inkeu. The resulting prints weren't half bad-so-
 The French l class has acquired the bug and are hard at work this week with tools and ink wish ing their friends 'Joyeaux Noer' in all sorts of sizes and shapes.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1933-12-15
MINSTREL SHOW, MAYBE

The Boys Chorus is at present practising on Anchors Aweigh". It has been difficult to get all the boys together because of conflicting classes. As soon as arrangements can be made for a rehearsal, however, the chorus will be doing things. Miss Brunsvold is planning to teach the boys some old Southern songs and they will perhaps sing in a minstrel show in the spring, pro- vided they get some cooperation from professional "minstrelers'
The Wrangell sentinel., 1933-12-15
ORCHESTRA START REHEARSALS

The orchestra rehearsed Tuesday night at Miss Brunsyold's. s. Plans were discussed for a pubic appear ance and for a definite rehearsal nouf. inc beginners are to have a reuearsaI hour during school, and those who played last year will re- uearse ill the evenings. Lois Wheel CT, Miriam Grant, Elna Arola, Eddie Arola, Fred Grant, and Lloyd Good rich were at the first practice.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1933-12-15
adopted:
THEATRE XMAS PROGRAM

The grades from one to six in- elusive are invited by Mr, Brown to come to the theatre and sing some Christmas carols. They also have planned a play and some recitat- tions. The event will be held the rriday before Christmas.
 MT. Brown has planned a surprise for the children and will also run d couple of reels of films. Parents of the children have been invited. Needless to say, the children are cage. iy looking forward to it.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1933-12-15

A grades Tor the last six weeks period are as follows: 1 As, Elna Arola; As, Miriam Grant, Glenora waters; A S, Marion NussUaumer, Elliot Bradford.
 Perfect attendance was attained by the following: Five Broad, Jack Burch, Leonard Campbell Ed ward Casey, Bob Urata. Waiter Wing, Mana Paul, Jack Waters, Bill ~rant, Marion Nussbaumer, Harry Olson, Miriam Grant, Ann Everson, Ed Arola, Mildred Iverson, Glenora Waters.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1933-12-15
SLIDING RULES

The members of the Grade School Club, which consists of students from the second to the sixth grade inclusive, met and formed rules for sliding on the school premises. The following are the rules which were adopted:
 L Keep the sleds off the terraces. /. Do not jump on persons backs
 when the are sliding.
 8. Do not poster the little chil-
 dren when they are sliding.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1933-12-15

LONDON-A seventy-mile gale lashed the waters of the English Channel Thursday, menacing ship ping and delaying the arrival Of several Atlantic liners three to four hours. The S. s. Comar foundered off the Sussex coast with loss of 12 lives. Life saving crews were unable to launch their boats at the height of the gale.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1933-12-15

uul Wltn real hair, big brown eyes, a nee silk pink dress with ruffles and flowers on it, hair ribbon to go With her dress, pretty red shoes and her eyes roll too. She is about as tall as 1 am. The doll has Sut- tons underneath her dress. YD | push the buttons and one mak $ her walk, another makes her talk, and the third makes her dance. l ike 1t the best of all.
 aauta Claus asked me if 1 wanted to go TOT a ride in hls aeroplane. Of course 1 coulun't resist the tempt~ tion 10 go tor a ride with him. He tooA me all around santa Claus land. 1 enjoyed it very much. Ills relndeers names are Prancer, Dan ger, Dlxen, Bella and Joy.
 like hIs Workmen very much. One o1 them gave me some toys.
 .urs. santa CIaus and santa Claus are very nice too me and they are awfuly jolly especially Santa Claus. 1 guess l will have to go now as Mrs. santa Claus is calling me for dinner l wish you were with me.
 Your cousin,
 Lois Wheeler lFifth grade
The Wrangell sentinel., 1933-12-15
Santa Claus Land,
 Dec. 6. 1927.
Dear Jack:

Dear Jack:
 This is my second week here. I have visited Santa's work shop. He has lots of little elves that help him fill the sto kings down on the earth. Santa makes lots of dolls that walk and talk when they are up here But they can't do that down on the earth.
 Santa makes rocking horses that walk when they are here.The little elf workmen make drums and all kinds of games that you can play They make autos that can run. The elf men are little bits of men. They have little stools to sit on. They are busy all the time this time of year.
 I am staying with Mrs. Santa Claus now. She is very nice. She is an old .ady like Santa only not man. She makes cookies and cakes to put in your stockings. She makes candy too She has lots of fruit trees too. She lives in a house made Of stone. It has a big fireplace in eyetv room to keep it warm. It is a nica, jolly place just like MT. and Mrs Santa Claus When Santa comes in at night he always brings the little elves in with him. They tell lic all ahoi,t what they did thrOugh the day.
 Santa has five reindeer. I have forgotten their names. They are all gentle Santa gave me ride in his sleigh. ] am coming hack with him on Christmas. I will have lots to tell you when I come back. Maybe you cen visit Santa Claus sometime. He likes to have children come to see him because he hasn't any of his own. It is very cold outside up here. That's why Santa has all the fur on his suit. Mrs. Santa Claus makes him all his clothes. The elves wear green suits with white fur on them Mrs. Santa made me a suit too Mine is the color of the elves. I'll have to leave it up here, be- cause I wouldn't be able to wear it down there. I will be back on December 25.
 Your sister,
 Glenora Sixth grade)
The Wrangell sentinel., 1933-12-15
LONG, LONG AGO

Here are some excerpts from the ''Stikine Messenger which was pub lished monthly by the Associated Student Body of Wrangell High School in 1927. We take these fr9m a December issue:
 Christmas Day Christmas Day is here; Old Santa comes riding around
 like Paul Revere, With bag of toys All for good little boys. Jack got a ball,
 Jean got doll,
 Bill got new tie,
 And old George got a little pup That would always cry. The day was dreary and dark, And 0 how Georges pup did bark While Santa came up the hall And said. Goodbye to ye all!"
 Tiny Cartley Seventh Grade1
The Wrangell sentinel., 1933-12-15
NOTES

Last Friday while the Junior basketball boys were playing, the net on one of the baskets ripped a little Upon taking it down, Coach Fabricius discovered that the basket rim was broken. It was repaired by c. A. Johnson and is now in fine shape for the coming game with Petersburg.
 So many new students have been entering school this year that six additional seats have been purchas- ed for tine grade rooms. This makes twelve new seats bought duing the year.
 Frank Perez entered the seventh grade last week. He came from Ketchikan where he has been at tending the public school.
 Dorisanne Barnes left for Port land last Saturday on the Alaska. She will probably attend the Iry- ington school this winter. We ex- pect to have her back with us early next spring.
 Aida Lewis will leave this Satur- day on the Northwestern for Seat tie, accompanying her sister, Mrs. Oscar Bergman
The Wrangell sentinel., 1933-12-15
MEDICAL, EXAMS

For the past two weeks the stu dents have been taking their re- quired annual medical examinations. Time schedules were made out for everyone and Dr. Turner has now completed the examinations.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1933-12-15
Santa Claus Land,
 Dec. g, 1927.
Dear Shirley:

Dear Shirley:
 am visiting Santa Claus and Mrs. Santa Claus. This is my first week here. think it is very pleas ant. like Santa Claus and his wife very much. I am going to tell you about his toys, aeroplanes. reindeer, workmen, his house, Mrs. Santa Claus. his brownies, and Santa Claus, himself.
 Santa Claus has lots of toys. He has dolls. cars, wagons, balls, teddy bears, little tables, dishes, chairs, rag dolls. and everything you can think of. But best of all he has a
The Wrangell sentinel., 1933-12-15
SERVICE CLUB AIMS

In order to correct a possible false impression in connection with the aims of the Service Club as
The Wrangell sentinel., 1933-12-15

Plans for our Christmas tree. We are not going to buy the things for our Christmas tree this year We are going to make them for the tree On Friday three of the first Grade boys stringed some pop corn and cranberries and all the other First Grade children made chains for the Christmas Tree. Some times we are going to make paper Dolls and we are blaming to get our Christmas tree on Saterday and We want to get a spruce tree. Edna Willard
The Wrangell sentinel., 1933-12-15
I,O ES
Imp. Order of Redmen
 Stikine Tribe No. 5

otlRlne 1rlDe No. D
 Meets every Tuesday evening ia he Redmen's Hall a. 7:3O o'clock. Visiting brothers cordially invited 5. CUNNINGHAM, Sachem L. M. CHURCHILL. c. of R.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1933-12-15
NATIVE ROOM LETTERS

We have done an experiment on Dec. 12, 1893. We did the experi- ment in the High School Sewing and Cooking Room.
 We wanted to prove how Colonel Lindberg's airplane stayed in the air.
 We used a can called Union Sol vent and it holded one gallon.
 We put some cold water in the can and put it on the electric stove till it steamed. We put the cork on tight and put some cold water in the sink and put the gallon can in it.
 We waited for awhile tell we heard a nose all at once the can started to get out of shape and all of us were surprised when the can turn in. Billy Hooker
The Wrangell sentinel., 1933-12-15

The American Legion
 Merlin Elmer Palmer Post No. 6 Meets second and fourth Wednes- day evenings in each month in the
 American Legion Club Rooms H. NETTLETON, Post Commander ". P. MAC CREARY, Adjutant
The Wrangell sentinel., 1933-12-15

Your sister, Glenora Sixth grade)
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-08-14
PEROnaL
PARAGRAPH

Mrs. l. L. Johnson and daugn-
ter. Miss Eloise Johnson. have re-
turned 10 their home at Mills
River after visiting friends n
Nashville, Tenn.
Mrs. Sarah ]. Sorrell and Mrs.
Edwin W. Pike with her four
children of Columbia, 5. C.. are
spending several weeks with their
motrer. Mrs. L. l. Johnson, at
Mills River.
Miss Mona Jordan arrived yes
terday 10 spend a short vacation
with her mother a. 322 Whitfield
street. Miss Jordan is employed
in the Richmond, Va. office OF
the Morris Plan Bank Of Virginia.
Mrs. Y. Y. Foght OF Jackson
Vile. Fla. Is visiting her parents,
Mr. and Mrs. VI. 7. Freeman, in
Horse Shoe
Mrs. Lucas Aimar and SON,
Lucas. OF Charleston S. c.,
and Mrs. hemper Morgan Of
Union. are with Mrs. Clarence
Boinest. mother of Mesdames
Morgan and Aimar, az her sum-
mer home in Mount Royal.
Miss Cornelia Greenough Of
Philadelphia, Pa. who is well
known mere. vii, arrive tomorro"
for a visit OF several weeks 20
her uncle. Mr.. George y. Mo-
land. and Mrs. Noland.
Mrs. William Hill and Miss
Addie Scheper of Washington.
D. c., have joined other men,
bers Of the family at the Scheper
home on Fouth avrenue for
awhile.
Miss Grace Devall, secretary to
DR.. Crandall of the Bronx Zoo
Park in New York city, has re-
turned to her home after a visit
to Mr.. and Mrs. Clarence A. Sci
bert on Oakland street.
Miss Beth Parsons has return
ed to Richmond, Va, after a va
cation with her parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. Charles H. Parsons.
Mr.. and Mrs. Gardiner Bly, of
Greenville. are guests of the
formers parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
C. H. T. Bly,.
Mr.. and Mrs. Edward H. Car
penter. we'll known musicians,
left today for their home in In
dianapolis, Ind, after a stay in
Laurel Park.
Betty and Peggy Walker of
Summerton. S. c., are guests of
Mr.. and Mrs. John T. Wilkins ;
they returned several days ago
with Miss Alliene Wilkins who
had been visiting in South Caro-
lima for several weeks.
Miss Frances Todd of Augusta,
Ga. is a guest at the Fielder
house.
Tom Stroup, who got his de-
gree at the University of North
Carolina in the spring and sum-
mer school, is at home for a
visit and is accompanied by Mrs.
Stroup and their little son.
Col. A. George Butler of Sa-
vannah, Ga, left yesterday for
q conference in WASHINGTON, aft
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-08-14
Bridge
Party and Dance
Set for Tuesday

A benefit bridge party and
dance for the Immaculate Con-
ception church will be held at the
American Legion clubhouse on
North Main street on Tuesday
evening beginning at 8 o'clock.
Mrs. Bryson and Mrs. '. c.
Rurrowes are in charge of the
bridge and the committee IN
charge Of the dancing is composed
of Miss Florence Henderson and
Ed Harnett.
eve purpose to make this func-
ton a Joyous family gathering
where we would meet and greet
fellow Pensioners and neighbors
in social way TO know and ia
estimate them more kindly and
more reverently," Father Philip
O'Mara said today. -,
eve realize. also. that it should
have dignity, organization. and
refinement. to satisfy. we believe,
the rightful aspirations of oul
people. especially the younger
folk-the hope and promise of the
morrow-for better, finer social
expression.
I'VE wish, therefore, to give
voice 10 our own deep gratitude,
and appreciation
to members of the committee,
.marshalled into a splendid, eff
cient parochial organization, which
has labored so zealously to make
this evening happy"
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-08-14
COURT RELEASES
MRS. LOUISE GLENN

ASHEVILLE, Aug. 14.-Supe-
rior Court Judge P. A. McElroy
ruled late Saturday that the State
did not have sufficient evidence ID
hold Mrs. Louise KILLER Glenn, on
charge of numbering her es-
tranged husband. 7. Orr Glenn,
and ordered her released.
Mrs. Glenn had been arrested
on warrant sworn out Wednes-
day by Sheriff L. E. Brown and
had been held in jail since that
time.
This case arose out of the find
ing of the body of Glenn on Tues
day morning at the foot of 100
foot embankment on the Month
cello road. Nearby was his coupe
that had dashed over the cliff. His
BODY was bruised and a .25 cali
bre pistol bullet was found lodged
in his shoulder, having passed
through his heart and lung.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-08-14

err a short stay with his family;
he will return about the middle
of the week.
Miss Josephine Frazier of
Georgetown, S. c., is the guest
Of Mrs. NJ. L. Read.
Mrs. Mary Darby Davis left
yesterday for her home in Jack
sonville, after a delight visit to
Mrs. Boyce Whitmire.
Mr.. Guy Grant and little
niece. Frances Ann Grant, left
on Saturday for their home in
Portsmouth. Va, after a visit
here; M. Grant will remain
longer with her sister, Mrs. G..
W. Mclean.
Mr.. John Perry, Jr., has gone
to Charleston for two weeks
training for reserve officers at
Fort Moultrie.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Stelling,
who have been at their summer
home here. have gone to Chicago
to attend the fair.
Mr.. and Mrs. Roy TillOtson
were called back to Greer, S. c.,
this morning on account of the
serious illness of the formers sis
ter. Miss Mildred Tillotson.
W. l. Matter. OF st. Petersburg,
Fla. frequent visitor to Hen
Jacksonville in past years. has re-
turned to the city after being
away for three years.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-08-14
ay Mrs. c. r. McManaway
Society Editor
Phone 90 Before II Noon
SMITH-DOTSON ENGAGE -.
MENT ANNOUNCED

Much interest throughout this
state and others is attached 10 the
announcement of the engagement
of a former popular Henderson,
Vile man, Mr.. Grady Dotson, nos
OF Badin son of Mrs. NJ. c. Dot
son and the late Mr.. DOtson. For
the past fifteen years Mr.. DotSon
has been superintendent of the
chemical department of the Badln
branch of the Aluminium Company
of America, and previous to that
for seven years was professor OF
mathematics and chemistry at
Wake Forest College at Wake
Forest.
The groom-elect's sister, Miss
Kate Dotson. one of the city :
most accomplished musicians. VIII
sing at the wedding, which VII. DC
q beautiful one.
The announcement party. writ
ten up as follows in yesterday 5
Charlotte Observer. was sent IN
from Albemarle, the 0ride-elect :
nome anu was ANNOAiA = S'-AA~-- -
lovely picture Of her:
Miss Martha Austin charming
" entertained at an announce
ment party Tuesday morning at
the home OF her sister, Mrs. F. B:
Patterson. The engagement OF
Miss Nell Smith, only daughter OF
Mr.. and Mrs. W. A. Smith. to W.
Grady Dotson of Badin, was an
nounced. The home was adorned
with quantities of summer flow
ers Seven tables of contract were
in play. After the games a salad
course was served.
Little Miss Sally Senter, the
daughter of DR.. and Mrs. J. C..
Senter, dressed in pink ruffled or
CANDY, entered bearing a silver
tray filled with miniature rice
bags with Nell and Grady, Sep
TENDER go inscribed in gold let
tiers on each. The bride-elect, a
charming young woman was for
merly a teacher in the local high
school. but for several years has
been a popular member Of the
Badin high school faculty. She Is
a member of one of StanLy coun-
tvs oldest and most prominent
families"
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-08-14
BARNWELL

BARNWELL, Aug. I'D. R.
LYDIA, state employee, is spending
his vacation with his mother,
Mrs. Mary LYDIA.
R. n. Walter and John Free
man visited the formers sister
and her husband. Mr.. and Mrs.
Salon Kerr of Nashville, Tenn,
the past week.
Mrs. Sallie Hudgins and daugh-
ter, Winnie, also Mrs. V. G. Led
better visited Mrs. MillarG LYDIA
Tuesday afternoon.
Mrs. J. L. Ownby visited her
children, Mr.. and Mrs. Whit
Ownby and Mr.. and Mrs. Luther
Laughter. few days and nights
this week.
Misses Sue and Ira LYDIA visit
ed their aunt, Mrs. J. W. White
side Monday afternoon.
Fayette Haydock of Hender-
sonville, spent Monday night
with his grandmother, Mrs. Mary
Haydock.
Chester and Denver Foster of
Greenville. spent I,'ursday night
with relatives of this place. They
also visited Millard LYDIA.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Hughes of
South Carolina, who are occupy
ing the house owned by J. ].
Freeman. have gone back south
for awhile.
Jay Rhodes, who has been
working in the U. S. forest camp.
has returned here to attend
school.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-08-14
Junior Order to
Meet in Hickory

Regular meeting of the Junior
Order will be held at the Wood
man hall on Main street Tuesday
night at S o'clock. II is urgently
requested by the officers that a
large attendance be present for
this meeting. due TO the state
meeting of next week at Hickory.
HICKORY, Aug. II. Especially.
Members Of the Junior Order in
every county in North Carolina
are preparing to attend the an
nual session Of the state council
which convenes here Tuesday,
August %, for a two-day session.
Lewis P. Hamlin of Brevard. as
state councillor, will preside over
the sessions.
Members of the local council
have prepared an excellent pro-
gram of entertainment for sew
eral hundred visitors expected
here for the convention. While
the convention has but little time
for special entertainment, tiNe
will be taken out for a little
diversion.
Reports of the state officers
will show excellent progress dur
ing the year now ending with a
large number of new councils
instituted. The membership re-
port will reveal small losses in
members despite the unusually
hard period through which the
state has just passed.
Among the notables expected
to attend the session are: Cur
ney P. Hood, state bank commits
sioner: Dr.. Charles Z. Brewer,
president of Meredith college;
Charles Aberratn;', congressman,
and national council officers.
Election of officers will be one
of the outstanding matters Of
business to confront the session.
B. C. Siske, state vice councillor
of Warsaw, will automatically be
elevated to the office of coun-
cilor. In all other offices con-
tests are expected.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-08-14
MONDAY, August,

form the fair Y,.,..' \
tee, two 81 tz.s~ q
group A. 's>s
In the event ta:...,|
by the board, Bali, '.Se
the final word. ~
The recovery .:,
announced am la: r:gs. :.
erS in II o. the i y. u;
as in Hawai- are i.: ::s:S |
ed by the moc:.sG i' ,s! |
canning indus.r? sY, .oc: 4
day by johnson. Il
~, Inder tte a.rs=n.,.
plant :, employees o:.., :.
handling mea. a.5 II
ceive from ~ g.r,. ....s
southern stat :. Az :.
north. 80 ..a.. ~
hours Of wo,, ~
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-08-14
CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR
PARTY AT 8 TONIGHT

The intermediate Christian En-
deavor Of the Presbyterian church
Will entertain az a party a the
hone Of Mrs. Lingo on Taylor
street az 5 o'clock tonight. All
members are expected and visitors
are cordially invited 20 attend.
The regular Sunday night meet
ing Of cne Christian Endearor i,
open 20 visitors and all are WEI
a-r,-.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-08-14
RECENT ARRIVALS AT
HIGHLAND LAKE Inn

Among the recent arrivals az
Highland Lake Inn are: Mrs. J.
D. Baker. Oklahoma City, OKLA;
Miss H. 5. Banz. Miami. Fla;
Miss Jean Baughman, Tampa;
DR.. C. H. H. Branch, Tampa; Mr..
William FunkenStein. Macon. Ga;
DR.. and Mrs. F. VI. Fox. West
Palm Beach: Miss Josephine Gal
braith. Cincinnati; Mr.. and Mrs.
Ed Grueninger and Miss Dorothy
Grueninger. Cincinnati; Mrs. E.
B. Hawkes. and son. Portsmouth.
Va: Miss Ruth Jones, Cincinnati;
Mrs. Addison Logan and sons Of
Tampa; Mrs. Morris Michael, Mrs.
George Patterson and Miss Jane
Patterson. all Of Macon; Mr.. and
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-08-14
Missouri Repeal
Election Upheld

JEFFERSON CITY. Mo. Aug.
14.-UP).-Legality of Satur-
days state election repeating pro-
hibition was upheld today by the
Missouri supreme court. =,
The court unanimously ruled
that the Weeks bill, passed this
year to set up election machinery
is not subjected to referendum d.
rected against it by the AntI-Sa-
loon League and W.C.T.U.
The times-news. [volume] (Hendersonville, N.C.) 1927-current, 1933-08-14
Pisgah Fishing
Season Is Open

The fishing season in Pisgah
National Forest opened this morn
ing and will remain open until
Sunday night. August q.
The following streams al"
omen: Davidson river. the north
fork of the French Broad river,
the lower South Mills river, the
lower North Mills river.
Permits for fishing cost 81 per
dav. No state licenses are re,
quired.