davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1933-05-22

action was much the same q that Of
human beings.
F1uorine has long been under gus-
picion In connection with the disease,
but It appeared In some localities where
this element could not be found. The
next step Is to find the source Of the
element in points Of origin as obscure
as the dinosaur bones In Arizona.
The experienments here were carried
on under direction of DR.. w. H. Sebrell,
assisted by Drs. e. Elvove, H. T. Dean
and r. p. 'Breaux of the National In
stitute of Health staff.
Evening star., 1933-05-22

fiuorine In the ratio Of about six parts
in o million. This hardly would be
detected In ordinary chemical analysis
of water.
Then synthetic water was made up.
One kind contained everything found
in the South Carolina water, except
had no affect on the teeth Of the rats.
Then fluorine was added and mottled
area showed up on the teeth. In
signify larger quantities fuorine was
found to be very poisonous to young
rats. The assumption is that their re-
Evening star., 1933-05-22
BOYS Plan Band.

The Northeast Boys Club will hold
meeting tomorrow night at its head
quarters, 1863 Kramer street northeast
to discuss plans for the formation of
boys band. H. j. Smith, retired mem
ber of the United States Marine Band,
has offered his services as instructor.
The meeting will start at 7:30.
Evening star., 1933-05-22

Drinking water containing minute
quantities of fuorine, probably coming
from dinosaur bones In the vicinity OF
mountain springs in a small area In
Arizona, is believed by scientists here
to have been responsible for condi-
ton known as "mottled enamel OF the
teeth"
Evening star., 1933-05-22
sMOTTLED ENAMEL OF TEETTT'
CAUSED BY DINOSAUR BONES

This afiiiction has puzzled Public
Health Service doctors for years, though
for some time it was believed to be
associated in some way with drinking
water
Tests with water from Conway, s.
c.. the center Of one of the mottled
enamel areas, indicated that fiuorine
Evening star., 1933-05-22
PLAN BRIDGE MATCHES
Press Club Members to Compete for
Two Trophies.

Two Trophies.
A series Of bridge matches each We'd
nesday evening from May "a through
June IA is planned at the National
Press Club this season, placing in COM
petition the Ely Culbertson and Victor
r. Smith trophies for the best bridge
teams among the clubs members.
The Culbertson trophy was won last
year by Mr.. and Mrs. Phelps Adams
and Mr.. and Mrs. Harold Brayman,
while the Smith award gent to Henry
Miller and Mrs. John Mothershed Both
teams will participate in the contests
again this year. Play wiz begin at $3.50,
and entries will close at o'clock on
the evening of the Z1atch.
Evening star., 1933-12-26
j. s. FINANCIAL AID
TO RAILROADS SEEN
R. F. C. Chairman Says Gov
ernment Will Have to Help
in Refinancing.

BY the Associated Press.
The Government is going to have
to help the Nations railroads meet
So. 300 900, Geo of refnancing during the
next year, in the opinion of Jesse H.
Jones. Reconstruction Finance Corpora
ton chairman.
Discussing the situation of some of
the great carriers, jones said, however
the banks would have to carry most OF
the load
I'VE must find some way to help
the railroads meet their maturing Sc
curities." he said. Some plan of Gov
ernment assistance will have to be
worked out but I do not think that
we can do more than small part"
Several of the large railroads, in
cluding the New York Central-which
has May / maturity of more than
$40. 100000 of bonds-have discussed the
situation with r. F. c. members.
Federal Agency Discussed.
There has been some discussion OF a
proposal to set up another Government
agency to aid the railroads. but it was
pointed out today that the Reconstruc-
ton Finance Corporation has a COM
plete organization for handling loans
that probably could deal with the sit
uation more economically than new
unit.
In Government circles, it was indi-
Gated that whatever Federal financing
of industry is to be done should. in the
opinion of officials, be handled through
Evening star., 1933-12-26
Butler Receives
Flag Group Medal
For Mrs. Lindbergh
Wife of Flyer A,carded
Cross of Honor for
Part in Air Surrey.
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK. December 26.-It was
Mrs. Anne Lindbergh who did the fly
ing, but the Lindbergh butler got the
medal.
Mrs Lindbergh had been awarded
the Cross of Honor of the United
States Flag Association for her part
in the four continent air survey re-
Gently brought to conclusion by Col.
Charles A Lindbergh and herself.
Displaying some of the reticence of
her husband. Mrs. Lindbergh elected
to accept the medal without formal
ceremony. In consequence the medal
was dispatched to her by air express
from Washington 1t arrived Christmas
morning and was delivered by mes
senger to the home of Mrs. Dwight
Morrow. Mrs. Lindbergh's mother, in
Englewood, NJ j.
The Lindberghs had departed for the
day few minutes earlier. All the
servants had been given the day off
except the butler.
He wrote his name in the messenger
boys book-and received the Cross Of
Honor.
Evening star., 1933-12-26
Change in Business Policies Held Need
Dr. Sprague Program Greatest Single Obstacle
in Path of Recovery.

ten down with coincident reduction
OF the balance sheet surplus of the
company.
Would Aid Recovery.
This matter of writing down valua-
tionS that were the outcome of a very
different situation in the past is i'm
portant. 1t leads us to the related ques-
tion as to whether business recovery Is
not being delayed by an all too general
tendency to endeavor to maintain intact
all of the various obligations and bal
ance sheet valuations of the Coolidge
era OF prosperity An effective demand
for more credit and capital cannot be
made by business enterprises SO heavily
encumbered with past obligations that
they are not good credit risks BY and
large the business community dislikes
the idea Of imitation. One doubts, how
ever whether business can have 1t both
ways
After the collapse in 1929 there was
much less liquidation of Indebtedness
than has characterized analogous Situa-
tionS in the past. As consequence we
are burdered with such an accumula-
ton of indebtedness that it seems out
Of the question now to seek way out
mainly through recciverships and bank
ruptcies.
Much is being done by the Govern
ment through the Agriculture Credit
Administration and the Home Owners
Loan Corporation to take care of the
situation of small farmers and home
owners threatened with foreclosure.
But much more is needed
There are large numbers Of indi-
vidualS. corporations and municipalities
SO heavily encountered with debt that
they are unable to obtain additional
funds, even for most desirable purposes.
1t would be most advantageous, even
from the selfish point of view of those
holding such obligations. to make at
least temporary adjustments. A lower
ing of interest charges and, in some in
stances, reducing the principal of
debts. would seem to be sound business
policy.
In the case of large hotels, for ex-
ample, assuming good management, this
course will presumably prove far more
to the ultimate advantage of creditors
than the anticipation of an nWieldy
mass Of such properties through fore
closure.
Path Is by No Means Easy.
The way out of depression that has
been indicated in these articles is by no
means an easy path to take No single
remedy has been suggested, either in
the monetary or non-monetary spheres.
Here q little and there little. we can
take action designed to re-establish
conditions which will permit the sus-
tanned full employment of labor with
a resultant advance in prices.
Limitations of space have made it
impossible to consider adequately all
factors in the problem. and some of
them have not been considered at all
In particular. 1 have said practically
nothing about the possibilities of de-
veloping an enlarged foreign demand
for agricultural and other products
through tariff and other changes
But here I shall leave the problem
of trade recovery and in my final
article (the tenth of the series) con-
slider that monetary system which we
should seek to establish when We have
reached that happy state
(Copyright. 1893. h. North American News
paper Alliance. Inc)
Evening star., 1933-12-26
BOY LEAVES "IRON LUNG"
BEHIND TO VISIT HOME

BY the Associated Press
BEACON, N. Y, December 26.-For
six happy hours yesterday BirdSall
Sweet, Is years old, came back home
and left his iron lung behind in
Poughkeepsie.
Birdsall had a Christmas tree, turkey
presents and everything-and then
went back to the Vassar Hospital, where
lot,s he has spent most Of the past 81
science made for him after he was
striken with infantile paralysis in 1881
He arrived at his home in an am
oulance, opened the many Christmas
presents stacked by his Christmas tree.
consumed the largest meal he has had
since 1881, including turkey and all the
fixins, played host to hundreds of
neighborhcod visitors, and finally went
back to the hospital and his Iron
lung"
He's this towns candidate for the
Nations happiest youngster today.
Evening star., 1933-12-26
THIRD DEFENDANT
DENIES SPY PLOT
Louis Martin, Code Room
Worker, Protests Inno-
cence to Magistrate.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
PARIS, December 26.-Another one
of 10 persons held in connection with
a wide investigation of an alleged in
ternational spy plot protested his inno-
cence before the examining magistrate
today.
He was Louis Martin, 43, master of
many languages, who worked in a secret
code room of the navy ministry.
Previously, opening his court investi-
cation of what police described as a vast
ring of military tipsters, Magistrate
M Benon heard two young Americans
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Switz, declare their
innocence.
Switz, 29year-old native of East
Orange, N. j., joined his wife, %, the
former Marjorie Tilley of New York, in
declaring their arrest was a police
frame-up when they appeared before
the magistrate Saturday.
Nevertheless, Judge Benon denied an
application for their provisional liberty
and both were taken back to their
cellS-Switz to the Sante Prison and his
wife to La Petite Roquette, pending
further examination OF their papers and
others under arrest
Martin not cnly declared the charges
OF alleged espionage were complete
mystery to him, but said he never had
met either of the Switzes or any other
suspect, except the Russian woman held,
Nine. Lidia Tchekaloff Stahl 49,
Martin said his friendship for Nine
Stahl-whom police call a superspy-
was harmless and never of a suspicious
nature, while the documents seized in
his nome were merely pieces of un-
important correspondence.
Mrs. Switz continued to complain to-
day that her prison cell was cold and
damp.
Her lawyer, Charles Moyse, visited her
twice Christmas day and tried to get
her transferred to heated cell, but the
warden showed him that there was not
heated cell in the prison and that
all seemed damp.
Mrs. Switz said it was so cold that
She remained in bed most of the time,
arising cnly to walk for exercise or to
sit In her fur-collared coat with a blan-
ket about her feet for additional
warmth
Evening star., 1933-12-26

banks with Government participation
being held to a minimum.
1t was remarked that the Government
cannot do all of the financing neces-
sery and that with the banks having so
much at stake. they must supply most
CT the money and look after the loans
R. F. c. Buys Bank Stock.
The R. F. C. is rapidly getting into
position where it will own stock or
capital notes in one-third of all the
country's open banks.
Up to Christmas day its board had
authorized purchases of capital notes
and preferred stock in 3,487 banks,
totaling s697.0OO.O0O. In many in
stances this stock represents an actual
majority of the stock in the respective
banks.
Applications for sale to the corpora
ton of preferred stock and notes up tc
today totaled 4.170. There are approx
imately $4,000 banks in the country.
The corporation up to Christmas
made 1852 loans to receivers and con-
servators of closed banks. the total ad-
vanced being approximately S582 coo 000
Evening star., 1933-12-26
R|TCH|E IS HOST
TO 1850 CHILDREN
Annual Christmas Party Given
by Governor at Two An
napoIis Theaters.
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
ANNAPOLIS, Md, December 90
Approximately 1,500 happy, rollicking
boys and girls of Annapolis crowded
two local theaters today as the guests of
Gov. Albert c. Ritchie at his annual
Christmas party.
About 500 colored children crowded
the Star Theater and 1000 white boys
and girls filled the Circle Play House
when the Governor arrived to wish them
a merry Christmas holiday season. He
was greeted at both theaters with
burst CT handclapping and cheering.
Smiling and apparently ENJOYING him
self as much as his small comrades the
Governor watched the pictures.
Visits Both Theaters.
Promptly at IL o'clock the Governor
left the executive mansion and moto-ed
to the Star Theater, where he wished
the iubilant children merry Christ
mas and a happy New Yer" After
spending sometime at the theater he
went to the Circle Play House, where
the show was held up until his arrival.
A group Of children from the Ella L.
Banks studio Of dancing in Baltimore
opened the performance at the play
house with a ballet. acrobatic dances, a
Chinese number and songs. The OPEN
ing song was Maryland, My Maryland"
Awards Presented Five.
With Joseph M. Armstrong. postmas-
ter, and local N. r. A. official, Gov
Ritchie went to the stage to present
awards to five children who had won
honors in the competition for a silver
cup offered by the Governor for the
best essay on the NJ R. A. written by a
county student in the public and paro-
chial schools. With them on the stage
were two young girls, Charlotte Gildon
and Jean Purdy. dressed in the Mary
land colors.
Gov. Ritchie referred to the N. r. A..
as "the thing that is going to make us
all prosperous and happy" and present.
ed the silver cup to Betty King, a stu
dent at the Annapolis High School, who
won first place in the contest. He con-
graduated Jane Meade. Annapolis Gram
mar School; Elsie Moulds of the Igle-
hart School. and Edwin Velenovsky of
the ST. Mary's Parochial School, Annap-
oils, who received honorable mention.
Evening star., 1933-12-26
FISHER LISTS MEN
,WlHO KNOW MONEY
Yale Economist Names War
rem and Rogers Among 19,
but 0mits Sprague.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, December 26-Prof
Irving Fishers list of men who under
stand the real meaning Of money" was
publicized yesterday.
Prominent in the list is Prof. George
Warren of Cornell, monetary advisor to
the President.
Only 10 are named.
In letter to E. G. Riegel, president
OF the Consumers Guild OF America, the
Yale economist said: There are doubt
less several others whose names do not
happen to occur to me just now, as
well as others. especially among younger
economists, whom l do not even know.
There are also some business leaders"
List Is Given.
The list gives these names:
Prof. Harry G.. Brown, University OF
Missouri
Prof. F. A. Pearson of Cornell Uni
veTSity.
Prof. j. Harvey Rogers of Yale.
Prof Willford I. King of New York
University
Prof John R. Commons, University
of Wisconsin.
DR.. Warren Persons of New York.
Prof Edwin NJ. Kemmerer of
Princeton.
Prof Cyril James, University of Penn
sylvania.
Prof. John H. Williams, Harvard.
Prof Jacob Viner, University of Chi
"Among the bankers" Fisher listed:
Frank A. Vanderlip, former president
of the National City Bank of New
York, and George LIE Blanc. former
vice president in charge of foreign
exchange of the Equitable Trust Co.
The only foreign banker named was
Reginald McKenna. M. P, chairman
Of the Midland Bank, Ltd, of London.
The foreign economists listed are:
John Maynard Keynes of England,
Cassell of Sweden, Frisch of Norway,
Schultse and Gaevernitz of Germany.
Sprague Not Named.
The Consumers Guild, which asked
Prof. Fisher to compile the list and
made it public, noted that among those
not named were DR.. o. M. w. Sprague.
who resigned recently as advisor to
the Treasury and s,rt Leonard IL p yre5 Ayres
widely quoted authority"
In his letter to Riegel, the Yale
economist said he would rather not
try to make any complete list. In fact,
I could not do So
Prof. Fisher did not mention himself.
LIE Blanc, it was recalled, has fire.
uuently advised Senator Elmer Thomas
of Oklahoma, and was one of the
persons who brought Father Charles E.
Coughlin to New York several weeks
ago to speak at mass meeting in de-
fense of President Roosevelts monetary
policies.
Riegel said the Consumers Guild is
preparing a QUESTIONABLE on money to
send to those named in Prof. Fishers
list. From the replies, a symposium
on money will be prepared.
Evening star., 1933-12-26
NAVY GUARD
MERGER DELAY SEEN
Congressman Says Extensive Sur
vey Will Precede Issuance
of Order.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Representative Gambrill. Democrat.
OF Maryland. said today he had been
assured no action toward. merging the
Coast Guard with the Navy would be
taken by the administration until a
very extensive study" is made.
He said he had obtained the informa-
ton from Assistant Secretary of the
Navy Roosevelt and expressed the opin-
ion this would preclude effecting the
merger for some time. 1t had been re-
ported widely the consolidation might
be ordered by the President this week.
Plans were called off for a visit of
group OF Marylanders to the White
House today TO protest against removal
of the Naval Post Graduate School from
Annapolis, which. it has been feared.
would result from the merger. Gambrill
said he and other members of the
Maryland congressional delegation would
probably visit the White House on the
matter next week
Evening star., 1933-12-26
MONTGOMERY TO ISSUE
DELINQUENT TAX LIST

SleIlCdI IOICe Oh COunly treasurer
to Begin Work on Names Soon
After New Year.
Special Dispatch to The Star
ROCKVILLE, Md, December 90
Soon after the first Of the year, the
clerical force in the office of the
county treasurer here will begin prep
aration of the delinquent tax list pre-
paratory to advertisement for sale at
public auction all Montgomery County
real estate upon which State and coun-
ty taxes for the year which began JULY
l have not been paid. The sale will
take place the second Monday in April
and two years are allowed for redemp-
ton of property thus sold.
Although there are several thousand
owners of county property who have
not yet paid their taxes, the number is
expected to be greatly increased before
the list goes to the printer. Hundreds
OF pieces of property in all parts of the
county, representing many thousands of
dollars of unpaid State and county
taxes. are expected to be offered
Taxes may be paid at the Office of
the county treasurer in the court house
here or at any of the banks of the
county.
Evening star., 1933-12-26
UNABLE TO USE GIFT

BEAR MOUNTAIN, N. Y, December
Is [P).-The Sc young women at Camp
Terra, the retreat for jobless formed
under the sponsorship of Mrs. Frank
ling D. Roosevelt, received one gift from
the Presidents wife they could not use,
q toboggan.
There was no snow.
The young women had turkey din
ner and shared in the gifts sent to the
camp.
Evening star., 1933-12-26
RY DR.. q. M. w. SPRAGUE,
Professor of Banking and Finance.
Harvard Business School.

Professor of Banking ana
Harvard Business SCHOOL
TN MY eighth article I pointed out
that the policy of liberal prices for
materials and wages that had been
adopted in public relief works was
based. at least in part, upon the
view that an increase in consumer
purchasing power would aid in bring
ing about a trade recovery. The same
uncrltical acceptance Of this increased
consumer purchasing power would seem
to explain the tolerant attitude of the
National Recovery Administration to-
ward increasing costs and prices.
Increased costs from the elimination
of child labor and the advance in wages
in certain industries from Subn0rmally
low levels are exceptions that prove the
rule and can hardly be expected to
affect costs to such an extent as to
.a., de trade recovery.
But the N. r. A. has gone much
further TIN this. 1t has taken a SYM
pathetic attitude toward general in
creaSeS in costs and prices while paying
lip-service to the desirability of an in
crease in volume. 1t seems to have
done little to check increases even
where lower prices could reasonably
be expected to induce much enlarged
demand.
Faulty Policies Responsible.
A fundamental obstacle to general
upward movement of prices is the
existing disparity among prices. There
are 784 items in the commodity index
of the Bureau of Labor, of which 59l
consist of manufactured products other
than food. Between 1929 and 1888
prices of 22l of these manufactured
products declined less than 20 per cent
in spite of far more considerable de-
cline in the prices of nearly all of the
raw materials used in the making Of
these products.
While the disparity in prices was
somewhat moderated by the rise In
prices of agricultural and mineral prod
ucts during the Spring and early Sum-
mer, this tendency has subsequently
been reversed. Here We have the great
est single obstacle in the path of trade
recovery. Faulty policies on the part
of the business community are far
more responsible for this situation than
is the N. r. A. From both We need
a change in point of view and the
adoption of price policies which will
make possible the sustained production
ana consumption OF larger NoluIne oi
goods and services.
Probably the most important single
influence initiating the recovery OF
trade in the past has been the demand
for materials and labor required for
meeting deferred maintenance and the
replacement and improvement OF equip
ment generally. Expenditure of this
character comes with restored conf
dence throughout the business COM
munity, and is doubtless facilitated by
the ability to obtain additional funds
at moderate rates.
The most conspicuous single direction
in which expenditure of this sort takes
place is on the part of the railroads
Anticipations of an increase in traffic
to something like the volume that OBJ
tanned a few years ago would nat
urally lead to maintenance and equip
ment expenditure on the part of the
roads, always provided that the flnanc-
Evening star., 1933-12-26

Because of the widespread pub
lie interest in the recent resignd-
ton of DR.. o. M. W. Sprague
from the Treasury and the issues
Uhich brought 1t about, The Star
today publishes the ninth of a
series OF articles by DIR. SWague
in which he presents q critical
analysis OF policies NTH Uhich he
disagrees. These articles tcill re-
fleet the opinions OF DR.. Sprdgue,
and The Star presents them
merely as an important point OF
Die,0 in the present controversy
oUer fiscal ani recovery policies.
The tenth and concluding ar
tiCle Uill appear merit Friday.