Evening star., 1932-10-03
TOXIC MANCHUR|AN'
CONDEMNED
Autonomous Special Regime
for Chinese Inhabitants
Is Proposed.
Continued From First Page.)

clear" they report. that the indepen-
dence movement which had never been
| heard Of in Manchuria before Septem-
| ber, 1881, was only made possible by the
| presence Of the Japanese troops. 1t
Is also clear that the Japanese general
staff realized from the start :. the use
which could be made OF such an Au-
tonomy movement.
In consequence they provided assist
ance and gave direction to the organ
| izers Of the movement. The evidence
, received from all sources has satisfied
the commission that, while there were
a number of factors which contributed
| to the creation of "Manchukuo." the
two which, in combination were most
effective. and without which the new
state could not have been formed, were
the presence Of Japanese troops and the
/ activities of japanese officials, both
| civil and military. For this reason. the
present regime cannot be considered TO
have been called into existence by a
genuine and spontaneous independence
| movement"
Japanese Assertion Refuted.
Thus the Japanese assertion that the
administration which has been suDstl-
tuted for that Of China In the three
provinces rs justified OH the GROUNDS
I that its establishment was the act OF
! the local population who, by q spon-
taneous assertion of their independence.
have severed all connection with emma
and established their own government
is emphatically refuted by the nVe
| League commissioners.
But. beside their factual observation,
they 20 further and report to the
League that "it Is a fact that without
| a declaration Of war a large area OF
what was indisputably Chinese territory
| has been forcibly seized and occupied Dy
the armed forces Of Japan, and has In
consequence Of this operation been sepa- :
rated from and declared independent OF
! the rest Of China"
This Is probably the most forceful
| condemnation of the Japanese activities
! in Manchuria. because, while the COM
missioflers find certain alternating cir
! cumstances for the japanese nterVen-
| tion in Manchuria early in september
on account Of the chaotic conoitlons
which prevailed in the three provinces
due to the slackness OF the Cnlnese n.y.
ministration. they cannot md . single
exc,se for the setting up OF the Man
| chukuo state.
.Tndependence" Not Recognized.
| Even the argument frequently put
sorward bv the Japanese that Manchufla
was no longer part OF CHINA pecauSe
under the rule of the two Maishals
Chang it did not recognize the autnollly
| If the central government OF China,
! finds no sympathy with the commls-
sioners In their report to the League
they say: The independence declared
by Marshal Chang Lin at dlneren.
| times never meant that the people OF
Manchuria wished to be separated lrom
| China. His armies did not INVADE
China as If It we're a foreign country.
hit merely as participants to the civll
war Through all its wars and perioos
OF independence, therefore, Manchuria
remained an integral part OF CHINA.
OF course the Chinese themselves 90
! not come out entirely blameless IN tne
report of the commissioners OF tne
league japan has very large interests
! In China. She has invested more money
in Manchuria than any other country
| in the world and the weakness the un-
| reliability of the ever-changing Cninese
governments endangered these lnvest-
ments. Her people, who nave peen
| trading in all parts OF China ana pro-
NOTED not only japanese but also IN
! .prnational trade. were frequently suffer-
| ing at the hands OF corrupt and in
| efficient Chinese administration. After
| September 19. when the japanese troops
began the conquest Of Manchuria, in
nocent japanese traders in various parts
| If China suffered severely by the boycott
| instigated by the Kuomintang and sup
ported by the Chinese government and
/ the Chinese local authorities.
Boycott Is Condemned.
THE various boycott movements" say
| nd
/ one in particular have seriously aHecteo
| Sino-Japanese relations. both In a
material and in a psychological sense.
: Anyway there is no doubt that the
boycott has been amongst the causes
which have profoundly embittered the
relations between China and Japan IN
| recent years
After surveying the different phases
| Of the boycutt and the reciprocal eco
, rrrnic interests of China and Japan,
the commissioners venture the follow :
| ing opinion: The interdependence oil
the trade Of these two neighboring
countries and the interests OF both call
| for an economic rapprochement. but
| there can be no such rapprochement SO
| long as the political relations between
them are SO unsatisfactory as 70 can
forth the use Of military force by one
!
by the other"
Present Regime Opposed.
The commission Is not Of the opin-
/ ion that Manchuria should be returned
Internationally to China. But neither
! il the commission of the opinion that
the present regime in Manchuria can
be recognized The maintenance and
recognition of the present regime IN
Manchuria," the report says. would
BE- unsatisfactory. Such a solution does
not appear to us compatible with the
fundamental principles OF existing IN
ternational obligations nor with tne
good understanding between the two
countries upon which peace In the Far
! East depends 1t Is opposed to the
interests Of China, it disregards the
wishes Of the people of Manchuria and
cannot ultimately serve the permanent
interests Of Japan
This being the case, the commission
ers have their own solution, which they
have submitted to the League OF Ma
tions for consideration.
| This solution is an autonomy OF
Manchuria without. however. jeopardiz-
ing the chances of that province becom-
ing in effect reunited to China when
the present process Of evolution OF tnat
vast country is ended. "A satisfactory
regime for the future might be evolved
out of the present one without any
violent change"
/ solution Stated.
This solution is explained In para
graph Z of the commissions conclusions
and reads as follows: THE government
in Manchuria should be modified In
such a way as to secure, consistently
with the sovereignty and administrative