The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-08
Open Door in
 China Demanded
(Continued from Page 1.)

I vorable on the whole. Some mem- bcrs, however, doubted if the &C., ton would be effective.
 Chairman Borah of the senate foreign relations committee, said "The nine power pact according to It's terms covers the problem as presented by the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. It's terms specifical- ly prohibit the very things which Japan has been doing, and If that by the nations signitory to 1t. it would solve the Manchurian prob- lem"
 Senator Moses, republican, New Hampshire, said:
 "To invoke the nine-power treaty Is one thing. To secure action un- der 1t is another"
 Officials would not speculate as to the possibilities should Japan ignore the warning but there is no | thought of battleships or boycotts or of withdrawing the ambassador from Tokio.
 Officials indicated, however, a determination to be firm in protect ing American trade interests in China. They insist that American banks in Manchuria, American branch business houses, American contracts with Chinese, shall not be tempered with. Questions as to what course will be taken if these interests are not protected meet with silence. An economic boycott would be possible. But officials do not forecast 1t.
 The United States has taken alone a bold step, one from which 1t Is difficult to turn back so Japan's reaction is anxiously awaited.
 After declaring that Chinese ad- ministrative authority Is south Manchuria had been destroyed. the Stimson note said that lin view of the present situation and of its own rights and obligations there in, the American government deems 1t to be its duty to notify both the imperial Japanese gov ernment and the government of the Chinese republic that 1t can not admit the legality of any situ- ation de facto, nor does 1t Intend to recognize any treaty or agree ment entered into between those governments or agents thereon, which may impair the treaty rights of the United States or it's citizens in China"
 These treaty rights were de- scribcd as relating to the sovtr- eighty and territorial and admin istrative integrity of China, and the internal policy of China "com- monly known as the open door pol icy"
 The note also said the United States does not intend to rec ognize any situation, treaty or agreement which may be brought covenants and obligations Of the Kellogg Briand anti-war pact.
 Oficials recall that Woodrow wilson took similar action to block the Japanese 21 demands on China in 1915, and that this action was ultimately successful at a time when there was no anti-war pact to mobilize world opinion. It forced the return of Shantung to China. Therefore Stimson Is hope full now.
 The "open door" policy. laid down by Secretary of State John H'v provides for equal trade rights for all nations in free China, and was incorporated in the nine-power treaty.
 The Kellogg pact binds it's 50- odd signatories to seek the solution of their disputes only by peaceful means and to renounce war as an instrument of national policy.
 The nine power pact, signed at the Washington arms conference of 1922. provides that the sigma tories will respect the sovereignty and territory of China.
 The "open door" policy was America's answer to tacit under standing among the powers In 1899 to partitition China.
 Japan. after defeating China in war, had seized Port Arthur and got certain rights in Manchuria. Three European powers promptly confiscated these gains and gave them 10 Russia.
 France had just gone into Indo. China. Germany. not to be left out, had moved Into the rich prov inee of sbantung. Great DrItaIn had It's eye on Weihaiwei,
 At this jUneturs.. Hay sent notes 10 Japan. England, France. Russ sofa, Austria and ftajy. He pro' posed that chiDa's "territorinl iD' iegriiy" be guaranteed, that aIi inc powers share equal opportpnities of trade iB China. rbe powers se: eepied and thus China was saved from dIsmsnbsrment,
 Tine principle Of fhe "open door, ss gears later wfs lD'orporhtes into the nine power Faelbr pset, signed after ihe Washington arms