davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1932-02-29
Diplomat to Attend

The italian Ambassador and
Nobil Donna Antonietta de
MARITIME will entertain a box
party tomorrow evening, at the
concert of the Philadelphia Or
chestra, to be given in Consti-
tion Hall at 8::45 o'clock, under
the direction of the Italian con-
ductor, Signor Bernardino Moli-
mari.
X y X
The ambassador of Cuba,
Senor Don Orestes Ferrara, and
Sonora de Ferrara entertained
informally at luncheon today at
the embassy.
The Washington times., 1932-02-29
Damrosch Honored

The CzechoSlovakian Minister
and Nine. Veverka spent the
weekend in New York. The
minister conferred the Order of
the White Lion, Saturday, on
MIR. Walter Damrosch, famous
musical director. They returned
to the Capital last evening.
X X II
The Minister of Honduras,
Senor DR.. Don Celeo Davila,
will be Joined today by Sonora
de Davlla, who has been visit
ing for several days in Pitts
burgh.
The Washington times., 1932-02-29
Flies to Cleveland

Mr.. David Sinton ingalls,,
Assistant Secretary Of the Navy
for Aviation, flew to Ohio Sat
urday to spend several days
with Mrs. ingalls, at their home
In Chagrin Falls.
Judge Charles D. Lawrence,
Assistant Attorney General in
charge of customs, has arrived
In Washington from New York
city and is at the Carlton.
X y +
| Sir Eric Geddes. son Of Sir
The Washington times., 1932-02-29
Vice President
Guest Of Honor

The Vice President, Mr..
Curtis, will be the guest in
whose honor the Minister Of
Denmark and Madame Wadsted
will entertain at dinner on
Thursday, March 3, at the
Mayflower.
The Vice President and Mr..
and Mrs. Edward Everett Gam
will occupy a box for the pre-
mier performance Of "The
GondolierS" this evening at
the BelaSco,
The Washington times., 1932-02-29
French Envoy Feted

The Ambassador of France
and Nine. Claudel returned to
the Capital last evening from
New York, where they were
the guests of honor at several
important functions.
* X X
The Minister Of Portugal and
Viscountess d'Alte will return
today from New York, where
they went at the end of last
week.
The Washington times., 1932-02-29
D. A. R. Meeting

A distinct contribution to the
George Washington Bicentennial
program was given during the
past week when the Abigail
Hartman Rice Chapter, D. A. r.,
celebrated it's seventeenth birth
day anniversary with a playlet
entitled Martha Washington
EntertainS'' on Thursday eve
ming at the Hotel Roosevelt.
The chapter had as its guest
Of honor Mrs. Lowell Fletcher
Hobart, president general of
the National Society Daughters
of the American Revolution.
Mrs. Hobart brought a word Of
greeting and an important mes
sage to the members present.
Other guests present were: Mrs.
David D. Caldwell, vice preSi-
dent general. Miss Helen Har-
man. state regent, and Mrs.
Harry c. Grove, state vice
regent of the District of Colum-
bia. Mrs. Clayton e. Emig,
founder OF the chapter, and
Mrs. Malette r. Spengler, q
member Of the chapter serving
as" state corresponding Secre-
tary.
Preceding the address Of the
president general, Mrs. Claude
A. Cooke, regent Of the chap
ter, gave a word of welcome.
The toastmistreSS, Mrs. Cath
crime Hill Estlow, in colonial
COSTUME, presided as Martha
Washington.
The playlet was written espe-
cially for the occasion by Mrs.
Jasper M. Beall, an honorary
regent of the chapter. The
programs and place cards de-
picted colonial ladies with bout
fant petticoats and skirts,
painCed in water colors under
the direction of Mrs. Earl w.
Richardson. At 10 o'clock the
orchestra and a group of cava-
liers arrived and dancing con-
tinued until l o'clock.
*kk
Mrs. Aksel C. P. Wichfeld, Of
New York city, has arrived in
Washington and is at the May
flower.
The Washington times., 1932-02-29

All roads led to Ell Mlrasol, IN
Palm Beach, Friday, for that was the
birthday anniversary of Mr.. Edward
T. Stotesbury, world-famed financier,
patron of the arts, and foremost citl-
zen of Philadelphia.
Mr.. Stotesbury's natal day is the
gala day of the season at that
Florida resort, and not to be invited
to extend your best wishes to him is a
sure sign that you edo not belong
socially.
Two features which always mark
the celebration of this fete, the cut
ting of the huge cake by the host,
and the playing of the drum by that
same gentleman, are always carried
out.
On these occasions the guests usually
The Washington times., 1932-02-29
Envoy Of Chile
Dinner Host
Tonight

The Chilean Ambassador,
Senor Don Miguel Cruchaga
Tocornal will entertain at
dinner this evening, in honor
of the Secretary of State and
Mrs. Henry Lewis Stimson. He
will be the host at a dinner
on Wednesday evening; and
again on Saturday evening,
March S, when he will enter
tain in honor Of the Chief
Justice and Mrs. Charles Evans
Hughes.
The Washington times., 1932-02-29
Attache Entertains

Senor Don Francisco Palomo,
attache of the Guatemalian Le-
cation. entertained at luncheon
at the Shoreham Saturday. That
evening Senor Palomo was the
guest of honor at a dinner given
by the Charge d'Affaires of Costa
Rica and Sonora de Gonzales.
The Washington times., 1932-02-29
Dinner Hosts

The Assistant Postmaster
General and Mrs. Arch Coleman
were hosts at dinner Wednesday
evening in their apartment at
the Broadmoor. The guests
were Mr.. and Mrs. Walter New
ton, Mr.. and Mrs. Yale Smiley,
Mrs. e. B. Northrup and Miss
Lillian Sterrett, all of Mime
apoliS.
The Washington times., 1932-02-29
Envoy Attends Ball

The minister Of Greece, Mr..
Charlambos Simopoulos, who
went to New York on Friday to
attend the dinner and ball given
by the Pan-Arcadian Society at
the Commodore in that city, re-
turned to the Capital last eve
ming.
The Washington times., 1932-02-29
At Home Wednesday

Mrs. Cabot Stevens will be "at
home" informally on Wednes-
day afternoon, March 2, from
4 until 6 o'clock, at her resi-
dence, 1916 Webster ST., for the
friends who could not be pres
ent at the reception she gave
last week.
The Washington times., 1932-02-29
To Sail Friday

Mrs. Henry p. Dawson, who
has kept her Peacock Point
residence open throughout the
winter, will sail for France next
Friday. She will be ac-
companied by the late Mr..
Davison's. sister, Nine. LIE Braz,
who makes her home in Paris
and who has been visiting sew
eral weeks in this country, and
by Miss M. Roberts, of Paris,
who has been a guest of Nine.
LIE BraZ. Mrs. Dawson will be
in Europe until late in the
spring.
4 4 II
Miss Mary F. Failing, of Port
land, Ore, entertained a small
company at dinner last evening
at the Carlton, as did Miss
Laura Verran, who is spending
the winter at the hotel.
The Washington times., 1932-02-29

Mr.. and Mrs. johnson S.
David, of Chicago, ILL.,, with Mrs.
John e. Johnson, jr., Of Biloxi,
Miss, are at Wardman Park
Hotel for q stay Of several days.
The Washington times., 1932-02-29
Dinner Will Fete
War Secretary

The Secretary of War and
Mrs. Patrick Jay Hurley will
be the guests Of honor at a
dinner to be given this evening
by Maj. Gen. and Mrs. Thomas
O. AShburn,
The Washington times., 1932-02-29
In Washington
- QtQqanutn

In the South, society is sporting the golf links and
the riding trails every day to be special day.
filled with beach parties uncheons, teas, dinners, and
Dances which latter are such important part of the
social life at the resorts
The Washington times., 1932-02-29
Mr.. Stotesbury Host at Birthday Party

Friday, Mr.. Stotesbury completed his egbythrd year,
and in the company invited many of his contempo
rares who spend the winter months at the Florida resort
Mrs Stotebury who is always gracious hostess presdes
with the greatest charm these occasions and addition to
variety of other entertainment there is always singer OF
On this occasion the artist Mr. John Charles
Thomas, baritone
This program Immediately followed Mr.. Stotesbury's
demonstration with the drum and may be recalled here
that when the Civil War started he too young to shou
der gun his patriotic contribution was to lead recruit
ing squads through the streets, beating drum
Years have passed since those stirring times, but Mr.
Sotesbuy has forgotten how manipulate the drum
sticks He is proud Of this accomplishment any
financial deal in which he has ever been engaged.
These annual parties usually start about tea time and last
well into the evening because following the tropical fashion
at the resort dinners not served until late hour
Mrs j. Kearsey Mitchell and Mrs Sydney Emlen Hutchin
Of Philadelphia daughters Of Mr. Stotesbury arrived in
Palm Beach Tuesday, in time to take part the birthday
The Washington times., 1932-02-29
Will Act as Best Man

Mr.. Dwight Leroy Harris, of
Washington. will act as best
man at the wedding of Miss
Ethel Peters Butler, daughter Of
Maj. Gen. and Mrs. Smedley
Darlington Butler, of Newton
Square, and Lieut.. John Wehle,
U. s. M. c., which will take
place at noon on Saturday,
March 5, in Holy Trinity
Church, West Chester.
y X =
Mr.. and Mrs. Walter r. Tuck
erman entertained a company
of 20 at supper last evening at
the National Women's Country
Club in honor of Mrs. Deming
Jarves, who will sail shortly for
her home In France.
The Washington times., 1932-02-29

number about 4OO The house large that it easily
accommodate many than that number, the great
reception open another leading onto loglas
and veranda which in turn give the beautiful patio
and gardens These latter not only surround the house,
but extend the entire island from the to Lake
The Washington times., 1932-02-29

Auckland Geddes, former Brit
ish Ambassador to the United
States, is arriving on the
Berengaria and will be at the
Barclay in New York.
The Washington times., 1932-02-29

Sir Eric Geddes. son Of Sir
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1932-01-02

Against the advise Of lhs
Masden. they took dGfferenl
ats for their return ever
bing to stumble npon more
riches The new route took
tAssm further into what ives one
ds* - be known a. the Big Hole
hssl
was IA the vicinity 81 the
nsg Hole battle-ground. where
spaAx years later the blood Of
whlss men and red was again
- flem together the hand o.
FaABnes descended IN IS Ions
1a6aNea Blow
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1932-01-02
TIA ARPERS EXCITED
IRY COLD DISCOVERY

The krappers we're quite CON
tent with their lot. fading bee.
|ver IN great abundance until pnH
day a member Of the tribe care
iesslg showed them crude ona
'ment fashioned 81 yellow metal.
The five recognised It immsa
lately as gold and Piled
owner With excited questions A.
70 its origin.
He told them readily eHop
where be had found It. ia tbs
bottom Of a stream across hs
mountain range to the south. ia
territory peopied By hostlle
trtpesmen In response 70 Kheis
lexerlsh importunities. he flnasss
agreed relucsantly to saias
them to the spot.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1932-01-02

KmilapegE. IAN. 2-M
long Esaf Of assass mean
anything. new mpsd minimg
area viii b. opemez 80 ~ ahe
early seFsne. sonse sS nailes
southwest 81 Kaslspen. tllai
sAeuAd develop into q very
rich distrscs IN both placer
and qunFtr
For some time those interest
ca Ia mining have been watching
the results Of a series 81 holes
dug IN Chief cnff draw. Just
this side o. he Big Draw BY
]. p. nruckhauseF Of this city
MI Brnckha1aef has kept his
discovery aulst antii he leased up
q greater portion 81 the draw
and secured enough nhnayr 70
assure him that the grsund viii
yield heavy refarns 10 gold he
dug some 30 OF mafs heles A.
ranging from FEES 70 . feet 10
Depth and his assays ehew values
ranging from al eenss en- the sur-
face 20 sfos.os per ton from tbe
deeper pits
Ready Tor Spring Ae&fen
M Bruckhauser has secured
s20 acres 81 leases along this
araw, which il covered eish fine
sand. deposited there meny years
Rso when ihe dFaw Wan & river
bed. bnt theirs is no water in the
Immedlaie ylcinily 81 tie draw 81
.hls time The drew "a about two
miles from F9afAead lake and
here "a a spring st me pDDer
md where water can BE aecnred
Mr. Bruckhauser has had a.
on daily capacity Ainlay gold
sashin8 maahine shipped IL.
galsch Is now II storage. and an
'theF necessary maehinery 80 start
operating early 81 the spring
rhe Ainlay washer has beeu OPP
rated successfully IA Idaho, Ore
ION. Montana and ALASKA II
loeu not require any great o.
Mount OF water. fhe aame water
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1932-01-02

otes ana other animals
No backskin sacks Of gold have
ever been found ia Ghe vicinits
OF the famous battlefield No
one has ever seen the slightest
tfaee Of a SHELTON IN the ancient
trees
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1932-01-02
TIE APFEn GUIDED no
xgyHs PLACER fnED77wYe

bp Ae dsshle tb@y climbed
and dewn she otheK vide The
salde never hesisated though he
bad esen OYER the trail but once.
Straight g the head waters OF the
efeek Dc took them then down
enc stream to ths scene Of the
discovery
A. they aug into me sands with
the'r fingers five lfappars went
naa with icy Never had they
slsmpaed snab fieh deposits the
eresA bed fairly sleamed Cur
'9NaiF kAe swH indians gazed
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1932-01-02


Deer m @an.
81 s. - 1870. =. s'.''' ''..
y .''e ~ Z ',''' ~ '.,'''
1850
' ~ e
F z.e' - @
r '''''''s = ~
III ''''
e -. .'se ~
.-'s w 1850
49, @'..' ~ 49,, ,..'''s @''.e'
49, ''1' = '''s4 ~ s''s
~
Ns1f spring = = expected sns
The Washington times., 1932-05-28
CONTRACTS LET
FOR SEWERS

Five contracts for improve
ments in the District sewerage
system, involving more than $685.
900, have been awarded by the
District Commissioners.
The Warren F.. Brenizer Com
pany was given contract for
$7,229.43 to construct four storm
water sewers in the vicinity of
Aspen st. and Sandy Spring Rd.
N. W.. and another contract in
the amount of $6,210.38 to build
a stormwater sewer at Eight
zenith st. and Rhode Island Ave.
N. E.
Another contract was let to
the Peter 'D'Adamo Construction
Company for $9,204.78 to con-
struct a stormwater sewer in the
vicinity of Forty-Sixth and Fess-
enden SITS. N. w.
Ligon and Ligon contracted to
build a sanitary sewer in Bowen
Rd. S. E., between Sheridan and
Howard Rds., for $1,99204 and
Rose and Reddick, Inc, was
awarded a contract to construct
the New Hampshire Ave. N. W.,
combined system sewer between
V and w SITS. for $1,499.47.
The Washington times., 1932-05-28
BANDITS
OFF To PEN

The three bandits who dubbed
the cashier and robbed the East
Falls Church Bank of $1,700 two
weeks ago, left today for Rich
mond with police guards to COM
mence serving 20-year> sentences
in the Virginia State penitentiary,
imposed by Judge Walter T. Nc
Carthy in the Arlington County
Circuit Court.
The bandits are Sergt. John A.
Velte, 30, of the Army Medical
Corps, Fort Humphreys, Va; Will
liam B. Babcock, 25, of 718
Eighteenth st. N. w., and George
T. Belew, 25, of 2213 Rhode Island
Ave. N. E.
The trio pied guilty to robbing
the bank and bus stations in
Clarendon and Alexandria. An
other bus station and the robbery
of drug store in fredericksburg
are attributed to the bandits by
Arlington police,
The Washington times., 1932-05-28
MANY B|-FETE
PAGEANTSDUE

Outdoor activities Of the sum-
mer and fall months will fea-
ture the life and influence of
Washington on even more eX.
tensive scale than in the first
half of the nine months pro-
gram commemorating the two
hundredth anniversary of his
birth.
According to United States Bi-
centennial Commission reports,
plays and outdoor pageants are
now being rehearsed as part Of
the graduation exercises of thou
sands of schools and colleges
and farmers picnics and other
community undertakings are tax
ing on definitely patriotic atmos-
phere.
The commission has issued
10000 copies of plays and pa
geantS upon request of directors
of summer camps, chautauquaS,
conventions, stock companies,
county fairs, stock shows, rodeoS,
agricultural exhibitions and other
organizations.
Stimulated by garden contests
fostered by the Federal commits
sion, thousands of gardens in all
parts of the country will bloom
with colonial flowers and red,
white and blue blossoms, accord
ing to Representative Sol Bloom,
associate director of the COM
mission,
The Washington times., 1932-05-28
COUNTY GROUP
FIGHTS TAX BILL

A letter requesting that the
legislation and legal action COM
mittee of the Montgomery County
Civic Federation be given an op-
portunity to be heard on the
Mapes bill has been sent by the
committee chairman. j. Bond
Smith, to Senator Arthur Capper
of Kansas, chairman of the Dis
trict Committee.
Smith also wrote to other mem
bers of the federation and to
Stephen James, chairman of the
federation's committee on public
finance and budget. He reminded
that while the Budget Bureau has
reported to the Senate District
Committee on the Mapes bill and
has recommended the enactment
of measure which contains
lower rates than the original
measure, the bill preserves the OBJ
jectional features of the original
draft.
Senator Capper has announced
that hearings on the bill will
begin Friday.
The Washington times., 1932-05-28
DOUGLAS JONES
BROWNS IN p.
POTOMAC
Auto Salesman, Seeking Relief
From Heat, Loses Life in
5 Feet of Water

Seeking relief from the
heat, Douglas Jones, 80, auto
mobile salesman, of 1924
Seventeenth st. N. w., was
drowned yesterday while
swimming in the Potomac
River near the Virginia shore,
three miles above Key Bridge.
Jones' body was recovered by
Harbor Police a half hour later in
less than five feet of water.
According to w. Paul Hamm,
of 1900 Wisconsin Ave. N. W.,
Jones was swimming alone near
the Virginia side and was sud-
denly stricken and sank. Mr..
Hamm was cruising about in a
small launch and first saw Jones
sitting on a rock as he passed
upstream toward Chain Bridge.
When he returned HaHm saw
Jones, in the water, throw up
his hands and disappear below
the surface. He failed to reap
pear. Mr.. Hamm summoned aid.
Fire Rescue Squad members
worked on the body and Jones
was pronounced dead by a ply
Sician from Emergency Hospital.
The Washington times., 1932-05-28
|N|DD|ES ME- { 7
BEAUTY BEvY
IN JUNEFETE
Smiling Girls, Alumni Descend
on Annapolis; Athletics on
as "Week" Opens

ANNAPOLIS, May 2S.-To-
day is a big day at the Naval
Academy, with June Week Of
ficially starting.
Visitors from all over the
country, including alumni and
many pretty girls who are con-
centrating their attention on
the midshipmen-or at least
particular Ones-are filling the
town.
The dedication of the new gates
to the campus, presented by the
class of 1907, was the chief fea-
ture this morning, with athletic
contests this afternoon.
Baseball and Lacrosse
The Navy and University Of
Maryland were ready to cross
baseball bats at 2:15 while the
middies' lacrosse team was set to
combat with the College Park
racket men at 3 o'clock.
The middies also are meeting
the Ohio State track team on the
cinder path, and the University Of
Pennsylvania net stars on the
tennis courts.
Annual Sermon Tomorrow
Tomorrow, the graduates will
hear the annual sermon in the
chapel.
Monday will be a holiday, with
drills and formations beginning
Tuesday and ending with presen-
tation to the Eighth company of
the ColorS awarded the winning
unit in recent intercompany con-
tests.
The Superintendent's garden
party for the graduates, and the
ring dance for the firSt-year class
are also on Tuesdays program.
The Washington times., 1932-05-28
So APIECE
At D. {. POUND

If you want to buy a dog
within the next few days, see
Walter R. Smith at the District
Pound. He will show you some
of the best-at the bargain price
of So.
More than 80 dogs, of all ages
and varieties, are crowding the
pound to such a point that they
must be disposed of. There are
Boston bulls, fox terriers and
three varieties of police dogs.
And among them is Big Bob,
a friendly family Shepherd, who
was found a couple of weeks ago
abandoned at the door of the
pound-one of his fore legs badly
cut. Now Bob's leg is we'll and
he's ready to leave.
Mr.. Smith would like to find
homes for these dogs to make
room for the many expected
as soon as the muzzle law goes
into effect June /,
The Washington times., 1932-05-28
Volunteers Tired
Of False Alarms
Late at Night

Chief Andrew Gasch and the
Prince Georges Rescue Squad
say they are tired of getting
out of bed at night to respond
to false alarms.
The members of the squad
are all volunteers and work in
the daytime. They don't mind
getting up 10 times a night if
they are needed but a series of
recent false alarms is too much.
Not only his men but the am
balances are wearing out,
Gasch said, and with no help
from the county available to
replace equipment, he wants to
save the wagons as much as
possible.
The Washington times., 1932-05-28
DIVIDENDS NOT.
JUSTIFIED, IS
CONTENTION
Action Adjourned Until Next
Week; Many Witnesses
! Still to Be Heard

CUMBERLAND. Md, May
2S.-With accounts of the de-
funct Central Trust Company
Of Frederick for the past
three years now in the record
as evidence, the trial of State
Senator Emory l.. Coblentz,
president of the defunct bank,
today stands adjourned until
Tuesday with more officials Of
banks with which the Central
did business slated to testify
as to its condition.
The State is trying to prove the
bank and it's II branches were in
solvent the first of last Septem-
ber, when a deposit was made in
the EIlicott City branch; also,
that Coblentz knew If such con-
dition.
Succeeding testimony bids fair
to be identical with yesterdays,
when one banking representative
after another identified records,
explained entries, analyZed fig
ures, ETC., to aid the State in at
tempting to prove the Indictment
against the Senator-banker.
James Clark, State attorney for
Howard county, whose grand jury
brought the indictment on which
Coblentz is now being tried-one
of score against him-is seeking
to show that the bank was not
making the money it was sup
posed to be making, and that it
paid dividends which it should
not have paid"
Four large items in the banks
profit-and- -loss-account, including a
$66,500 entry in March. 1929,
from the sale of stocks, may be
scrutinized by the court.
The Washington times., 1932-05-28
NIGHT SCHOOLS
GRADUATE2 287
Times Staff Photo

Diplomas were awarded 2S7
graduates of six night high schools
of Washington at commencement
exercises last night.
A class of 102, representing Busi,
ness high, Roosevelt and McKin'
ley high schools, received diplomas
at exercises at Business, while 1876
colored students we're graduated
from Dunbar and Armstrong at
joint exercises in the auditorium
of the Armstrong High School.
Henry Gilligan, of the Board of
Education, addressed the gradu'
ates of the white schools and Mrs
Henry Grattan Doyle, vice presi-
ent of the board, presented the
diplomas.
With the Rev. F. I. A. Bennett!
also a board member, presiding,
Major Campbell C. Johnson, exec,
utive secretary of the Twelfth
Street branch Young Mems Chris.
tian Association, spoke at the
colored school exercises.
The Washington times., 1932-05-28
BOARD Of TRADE
SAILS TODAY

More than 200 members and
guests of the Washington Board
of Trade leave for three-day out
ing on the S. S. District of Colum-
bia at p. m. today on the organi-
zation's second family cruise.
Sailing from the Seventh Street
wharf, the steamer is scheduled
to dock at Annapolis at 8 a. m.
tomorrow remaining there until
10:30 a. m. Returning, an hours
stop will be made at Solomon's
Island on the PatuXent River.
after which the group will cruise
the Chesapeake arriving off Hamp-
ton Roads at 9 p. m. where they
will spend the night.
Norfolk, Ocean View and Vir-
ginia Beach will be visited Mon
day. The party will return to
Washington Tuesday morning.
The Washington times., 1932-05-28
Baltimore Pastor
Will Preach Here

DR.. H. H. Sherman, secretary
of the board of education of the
Baltimore conference. Methodist
Episcopal Church South, will
preach in Epworth Methodist
Episcopal Church South, Thir-
teenth Street and North Carolina
Avenue, for the II o'clock service
tomorrow morning. Sunday will
be celebrated as college day. in
the denomination. and DR.. Sher-
mans sermon will be based on
that theme. DR.. Copenhaver,
pastor of the church, will preach
for the 8 o'clock service tomorrow
evening and will take as his
sermon subject, Living Versus
Existing"