davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1932-10-23
Coal Smoke Is Gradually Destroying
Many Historic Monuments in France

negligible But the great development
Of industry since that time has intensi-
fed the danger hundredfold. Far
from industrial centers stones of monu-
ment5 become coated with a patina
which serves as protection. Under
the influence of wind and rain they
become covered with a coating of hard
substance which acts as a preservative
But in urban districts coal SCOT de-
posits a sulphurous compound which is
spongy and which upon absorbing
moisture. releases sulphuric acid This
acid eats the stone and in relatively
few years ruins it utterly The normal
remedy is to coat the stone with a
siliceous or -four compound. but it has
been found that when stones have been
attacked by the disease the acid con-
tlnues to act beneath this coating
An appeal is being made to all re-
searcners to suggest a more efflcaci-
Gus remedy. Meanwhile cura tors OF
monuments stand out as exceptions in
that they pray that the industrial slump
may continue so as to preserve the
treasures in their care.
(Copyricht, 1922
Evening star., 1932-10-23

ties) was regarded as necessary, owing
to the increasing technology in the
field of local administration, develop
ment paralleled by shrinkage in the
administrative activities of the elected
councils. The second, the growth OF
the system of subsidies from the State
mot the Nation in America) to local gov
ernments which was bringing the State
more and more INTO the spheres which
hitherto had been exclusively that of
the local government. The third. the
growing demand for and realization OF
home rule The object Of American
thought was to secure efficient govern
ment without sacrificing home rule.
Council Manager Form.
Another American speaker described
the council manager form Of govern
ment adopted now by more than 400
American cities in which matters of
policy are determined by an elected
council, but the administration is de-
volved upon an appointed executive,
the city manager who carries into
action the policies adopted by the
council When party politics came into
the picture. the speaker argued. the
Evening star., 1932-10-23

, trouble was that the expert in politics
often was hopelessly lacking in the
qualification of an expert administra-
tor, and the expert administrator fire.
quently was a hopeless neophite in
politics. Under the council-manager
plan it was the general belief in most
cities that the people had achieved
greater efficiency and economy in ad-
ministration and an increase in the
Democratic control of local govern
ment.
But these Americans did not go so
far as did the delegates from other
countries. One after another the dele
gates from Europe recited their prob
lens. and over and over again the same
problems were repeated. From Ger
many. from Czechoslovakia. from Bel
GUM, municipal experts told of the
Grain that had been placed on local
governments by the crisis and the re-
sulting need for unemployment relief,
the subsidies that has been obtained
from the central governments under
conditions that had greatly diminished
their own legislative powers.
The president of the congress Sena-
tor Wibault, Of Holland, held neither
Evening star., 1932-10-23

PARISH the depression, lasted long
enough, it would mean that the Amer
ican tourist so years hence could still
admire Notre Dame Cathedral. the
Sainte Chapelle the marvellous Gothic
fabrics of Chartres and Amiens and
a hundred other monuments before they
have to be restored.
Such is the opinion of the Commits
sion for the Protection of French Monu-
ments Against Corrosion, probably the
only organization in this country which
finds that good can come out of evil
A sort of leprosy is attacking old
stones. not only in France. but through
out Europe The masonry peels off and
carved surfaces become cancerous; YES
tiges of past civilization are crumbling
Experts assert that unless immediate
steps are taken many masterpiece will
be gone by the advent of the twenty
first century With the death watch
beetle eating all timbers inside and
the disintegration of the stones outside
soon it will be easier to study Egyptian
relics than those of the Middle Ages.
Coal smoke is to blame. Until some
80 years ago the damage was virtually
Evening star., 1932-10-23
SECRETARIAT OF LEAGUE
ISRADICALLY REFORMED
Experiment of an International Staff
Collapses With Triumph of
NatiOnalism at Geneva.

account of its Manchurian attitude.
Great Britain and France were also
somewhat resentful that the secretariat
forced them, unwillingly, TO face their
responsibilities under the covenant In
the Far Eastern imbroglio. All COM
bined, therefore, to effect reorganiza-
tion.
France wanted Deputy Secretary Cen
eral Joseph Avenol to succeed Sir Eric
Drummond. Germany consented only
on the condition that France abandon
the headship either Of the information or
transportation sections. When the
French offered to sacrifice the transpor-
tation division, the Germans made 1t
plain that Pierre Comert, head of the
information section, was the man they
really we're after
An obscure deal making Avenol the
new secretary general, but sacrificing
Ccmert, seems to have gone through,
together with a readjustment of the
whole direction of the secretariat. The
new arrangement. which will be sub
mitted for approval to the Special As
sembly in November, appears to be as
fellows:
Avenol will be secretary general for
10 years at a totsl salary Of $4,000
year. There will be two deputy secre-
tary generals one an Italian and one
from a small power either Norway or
Belgium, for eight years at salary Of
$1,000: three undersecretaries-Ger-
man, British and Japanese-for seven
years at $4,000. and also . judicial
| counselor Of the same rank from Uru-
quay.
League Dues in Arrears.
No two Of these oficials may in the
future be Of the same nationality. Nor
may any two heads of sections be of
the same nationality. All will take the
oath Of loyalty TO the League. but in
effect they will seemingly be appointed
by their respective governments.
The League dues for 1881 are one
third in arrears and those for the cur
rent year two-tnirds, so it was decided
that future contracts will register a 10
per cent decrease in the League SAL
aries. Obviously, if League officials
henceforth are going to be merely gov
eminent ofhcials, there is no reason TO
renumerate them more highly than
! their home scale salaries.
Great Britain is satisfied "Avenol"
says the London Times. is likely to
lead the League along safe paths rather
institute drastic reforms"
/ France is satisfied There is an end
Of international bureaucracy" rejoices
Echo de Paris. while lie Journal re-
marks contentedly that The League
OF Nations can endure only if it is
a real association Of nations and not
an association against nations"
! Italy, as Premier Benito Mussolini
will doubtless explain in his speech
! Sunday in Turin. is satisfied, for it is
agreed that the Italian deputy secre-
tary general must henceforth be con-
suited on everything.
/ Even Germany is satisfied. The
/ League. say German nationalists ap-
/ provirgly, has been "democratized 4"
/ The Nationalist newspaper Deutsche
Allgemeine zeitung explains at some
length that Avenol is really a very fine
/ man for the job; indeed, his only fault
/ is that he is French.
! AS for Japan. it says nothing. but Is
satisfied. 1t has won. or thinks 1t has
won, the first round of its fight.
tCopyriEht, 1922
Evening star., 1932-10-23
BY PAUL SCOTT MOWRER.

N.
~ AEIS.-A reform of the League Of
u Nations secretariat has just been
decided on by the Council so
i radical as to amount almost to
revolution. Internationalism is
out and nationalism is in. The effort to
keep League officials free from the in
fluence of their respective governments
has failed. The experiment of forming
and preserving truly international staff
as a sort of germ OF a new interna-
tional spirit has collapsed.
Virtually all Of the original Leagu2
enthusiasts are now gone or going.
Their places are being taken by diplo-
mats frankly designated by their re-
spective governments and who accept
the League post as merely one stage in
their national diplomatic career. Be-
ginning with next year an entirely new
set of chiefs will direct the Leagues
destinies on an entirely new basis. The
secretariat will merely be a microcosm
of the general political microcosm, man.
ifesting the same rivalries, alliances and
balances.
The original spirit OF the secretariat
was embodied in the Bslfour report Of
1920. Nationalism was left to the Coun-
ell and the Assembly. The personnel of
the secretariat was to be chosen wholly
by the secretary general on the basis Of
capacity. not nationality-kept free
from all taint of nationalism and
trained to think and act internationally.
II was indeed in this spirit that the
League began.
| Criticisms Arise.
Then criticisms arose. Some COM
planned that the League, having had its
/ origin in the peace treaties was still
! merely an interallied device Others
complained of a Franco-British hege-
mony. Still others Of a big power
/ hegemony. League officials were ac-
| cused of being visionary demagogues
with no conception Of national reali-
ties" Their salaries. purposely set high
to insure their independence, we're jeal-
ously regarded by underpaid diplomats
and officials
Gradually Italy whose Fascist philos-
ophy Is incompatible with interna- =
tionalism, and Germany suspicious OF
! the League because Of its origin in the
! treaty of Versailles. became its chief
! critics. Beginning with 1926 both Italy
and Germany forced. or persuaded the
secretary general of the League to ac-
cept regular diplomats named from
Rome and Berlin and who kept steadily
in touch with their respective capitals
despite the pretense that they were
disinterested League employees
/ Japan soon followed suit. appointing
/ a diplomat. Yotaro Sugimura, to sue
/ ceed the liberal writer, Inazo Nitobe
! It is this half victory Of 1926 which
is now being followed by a complete
victory for nationalism. The League s
lowered prestige, its financial difficult
ties and its repeated failures prepared
the way and the resignation of Sir Eric
Drummond. secretary general, precipi-
tated a crisis.
Bitter Fight Occurs.
A bitter fight for reorganization oc-
CURED. Italy. after threatening a few
months ago TO quit the League alto
gether. now manifested a desire mainly
for more power within the secretariat
Germany was out openly to diminish
the French influence. Japan was ex-
tremely cold toward the secretariat on
Evening star., 1932-10-23
Travelling Msnageries
Suppressed in Turkey

ANKARA. when circuses
ccme to town in Turkey there will be
something missing-the wild animals
An order of the minister of the interior
has just suppressed all travelling me
nageries.
The reason is twofold. In the first
place, the minister considers that menag-
cries compromise public security, as
wild animals may escape" In the sec
ond place, the sight Of performances
with wild animals Is calculated to pro-
duce in women and children nervous
shock prejudicial to their health"
(Copyright, lea7.D
Evening star., 1932-10-23
New Money Considered by South Africa
On Plan to Be Used Internally Only

time to lower the costs of production.
it has been proposed that new system
of currency snoulu be devised. In this
PR posal. which is being considered by
a select committee of parliament, the
pound remains the basic grains. but
devaluated to 95 grains of gold instead
of 113 grains as at present. This new
coin would be for internal use only.
The British system of pounds, shil-
lings and pence, which obtains in this
country at present, would be thrown
overheard for metric system Of cents.
guilderS and pounds.
tCopyrisht. 1897
Evening star., 1932-10-23

WOCdS 11Ole IldS pIduQ-QSW
boat-a beautiful two-maste1
i ketch. built year ago in Co.
penhagen. and just back from
her first great adventure of exploring
that Old Dabil Sea. To drag his last
mysteries from him was the purpose
of her building: and she is as lovely and
as graceful creature as the eye could
wish to see. She also is the largest
ketch-rig vessel af1oat.
The three big boats in the harbor at
Woods Hole are an amusing and de-
lectable contrast. Beside the graceful
and aristocratic Atlantis. at the next
wharf floats the Albatross 1.-THE Off
cial boat of the United States Bureau
of Fisheries. The Alhatross makes no
pretensions. She has snub nose, a
smokestack. large flerce-1ooking an
chor and the air of one who has her
work to do and will stand no nonsense.
Under the very noses OF these two spe-
cialists the boat to New Bedford plies
back and forth daily.
What is the Oceanographic Institute
about? What does it do? What does
the Atlantis do? On its first voyages
the following results were obtained:
l. Statistical data on winds.
2. Water samples for oxygen determi-
nation.
3. Penetration of light below sea sur
faces
4. Influence of sunlight on diurnal
migration of plankton.
S. Soundings to determine the forna-
ton of the Continental Shelf.
6. Vertical distribution of tempera-
lures and salinities
All right, but what is all this for?
Why is it worth doing?
Lost Atlantis Location.
The deep sea soundings are obviously
to keep up the record of sandbars, sub
merged reefs, deep and shallow sea
bottoms which must be recorded on the
beautiful and very interesting naviga-
tion charts issued by the United States
Geodetic Survey in Washington. This
sea bottom is as varied as a continent
The Atlsntic Ocean, which is the
shallowest of all our oceans-the In
dian being second and the Pacific the
deepest has a long. mar
row, submerged continent extending
breaks. This is the lost Atlantis.
For half of the continents are under
water; when We stand upon the sea-
shore We do not realize that the sloping
sand under our feet is merely a desert
slanting down into the water to Join
somewhere in those dim green depths a
range Of rocky mountains which shell
tiers, on its other side, a California not
yet planted by the hand OF man.
This slope down to the depths is what
scientists call the Continental Shelf.
This shelf" forms the Grand Banks,
for which the fishing fleets set forth at
dawn from Gloucester; it forms the
Great Barrier Reef of Australia. where
millions Of fish have made q continent
of their own
Why has the good ship Atlantis such
burning interest in the influence of
sunlight on diurnal migration of plank
ton?"
Planktons are infinitesimal sea crea-
lures which have their birth. their be-
ing and their death in the free ocean
water. They form the chief food of the
millions Of fish which haunt our shores.
II the plankton we're to die the fish
industry would cease tomorrow.
Water samples for oxygen determi-
nation" Why? We have a hazy idea
that oxygen floats about in the air and
stays there for our benefit. But fish
breathe oxygen just a. we do, and the
Evening star., 1932-10-23
GEN. SHANKS In ERROR.
GEN. PEYTON MARCH SAYS
Wartime Chief of Staff DenOunces
Writer of Article ON Pershing Row
as Being Unaware of Facts.

Note-Last Sunday Gen. D C. shanks
assalled Gen Peyton C. March for the
latter's criticism OF Gen. Pershing in
his book. The Nation at War" Today
Gen. March in a letter to the editor OF
The Star defends his original statements
in the interest of historical accuracy.
Evening star., 1932-10-23
Some Good in System.

The trouble isn't that all city gov
erment in America is bad Some Of
that we Americans are still looking
upon municipal administration IS q
matter of government and therefore
Of politics In Europe, generally, the
municipal administration is no longer
lContinued on Third Page.l
Evening star., 1932-10-23
BY WINIFRED DUNCAN.

>HE Oceanographic Institute at
Woods Hole has a brand-new
boat-a beautiful two-maste1
ketch, built a year ago in Co.
Evening star., 1932-10-23

Chairman Of the United States Delesation
the International Congress OF Local
Evening star., 1932-10-23
BY. GEN. PEYTON c. MARCH.

edition of The Sunday Star
for October 16. 1882 carries an
article by Maj. Gen. D. c..
/ Shanks. headed "Shanks as ails
Smyrna times., 1932-11-09
S59S,26S IN FOREST
FIRES SINCE 1927
Greatest Loss of S496,4S in
Year 1880, VIM. S. Taber,
Forester, Reports
TOWERS OF GREAT AID

That excellent work has been
done by the State Forestry Com
mission since the department was
organized in 1927 is shown in a re-
port Of William S. Taber, State for
roster to the commission. While
the report is prepared to record the
activities of the department for the
two fiscal years ending July l last,
figures are given as to forest fires,
causes, etc, from the time the de-
partment was organized. The re-
port shows that the total losses by
forest fires since the department
was organized in 1927 was $598, ,26S
divided yearly as follows: S36,410,
in 1928: $44, $50, in 1929; $496, ,490
in 1880; $16,648 in 1881 and 81, $50
up to July 1, this year. 1t will be
noted that the greatest loss was in
$780, the year of the severe drought
One of the principal causes of these
forest fires has been the burning of
debris when the flames got beyond
control of those starting the fire.
Records show that the largest
number Of forest fires since 1928
have been in April and the second
largest number in March. The
erection of forest fire towers has
also been of great aid in protecting
the valuable forests of Sussex
County. The report shows that in
March Of this year Al smokers
were spotted from these towers, in
April 265 and May so. The report
also reviews the reforestation work
that is being carried on under the
auspices of the commission. The
financial statement shows that
from July /, 1880, to June 30, 1881,
the appropriation received was
$4,000 all Of which but $5S7.95
was spent. The appropriation the
next fiscal year was $21 $50. There
was a balance of S9,S15 that re-
yerted to the general fund on June
80, 1882.
Smyrna times., 1932-11-09
Stock Boom Brings
Out Hoarded Cash

Gary, Ind.-The stock market
boom is lifting boarded cash
from caches here. Proof is of
fered by w. w. Gasser, presi-
dent of the Gary State bank, in
pointing out that money from
his own safety deposit boxes is
being taken out and placed In
the stock market.
Gasser recalled a recent in
stance when a patron placed
$1,000 in gold coin, somewhat OK
idized from long storage, on the
counter in exchange for indus
trial stocks.
Increasing quantities of the
old "brick size" bank notes of
$50 and 500 denominations are
turning up, he said.
Gasser said he was of the firm
opinion that the "dehoarding"
symptoms were genuine omens
for a gradual return Of good
times.'
Smyrna times., 1932-11-09
SMYRNA NEGRO LEGION POST
Was Formed in Smyrna Wednes-
day Night as Post No. 8

udy NISHb dS IOsb INO.
The third negro American Legion
post in Delaware was established in
Smyrna Wednesday night when
temporary officers of the Atlas
Post, No. g, were installed in their
own headquarters. The induction
was supervised by officers Of the
David Q. Harrison Post, No. IA, of
Smyrna. The installationary offic-
ers of the new post are: Command
er, Gilbert Riley; vice-commander,
James Mackey; adjutant, Harvey
c. Johnson; financial officer, John
Richardson; chaplain, George
Blackstone; sergeant-at-arms, John
Riley, and historian, William Viii
liam. Colonel Thomas w. Miller,
commander Of the Department of
Delaware, who was in charge of
the installation, congratulated the
new order on its organization and
on its appropriately decorated
headquarters. The first negro
American Legion post was found
ed in Wilmington and the second in
Lewes.
Smyrna times., 1932-11-09
COUNCIL
GIVES ADVICE
CONTINUED From Page Two)

CONTINUED From Page Two)
his car and should be careful to
avoid standing in front of any one
of them SO as to conceal it from
view. Moreover, for greater safety
it would be advisable to have one
of the passengers hold the flash
light and use it as a warning sig
nal to approaching drivers. The
doors on the side of the car adjac-
ent to the highway should be kept
closed. All tools, seat cushions,
spare tires and other objects should
be kept off the roadway. If
stones or pieces of timber are used
for blocking the wheels of the car
they should be moved to a safe
place at the side of the road before
the car is driven away.
Smyrna times., 1932-11-09
OZARK NAMES A
PUZZLE TO MANY
So Odd Visitors Have Difficult
ty Getting Acquainted
With Them
TITLES OFTEN OBSCURE

Hollister, Mo.-The Ozark coun-
try, or at least that part of it
known as the White River district,
is country of caves, coon dogs and
hospitable folk, not to mention origi-
nal and Odd-sounding names. Yisi-
tors seldom fail to wonder at such
names as Gobbler's Knob, High
Lonesome, Loafer's Glory, Glad Joe.
Virgins Bluff, Naked Joe, Possum
TrOt and others no less character
istic.
Take Ava, for instance, the coun
ty seat of Douglas county. When,
in 1871, James HALEY was confront
ed with the important task of nam
ing town he went to his Bible for
guidance and found in II Kings
IL "a. his Inspiration; the town was
duly named Ava, which in Hebrew
means "OverflOwing."
Not all inspiration came from
books. One of the highest knobs in
Stone county bears the somewhat
modern name of Naked Joe. Old
settlers relate the story of a duel
fought on this peak before the Civil
war by two naked men, the victor
of which was named Joe Wild tur-
keys led to the naming of Gobbler's
Knob.
Taney county was named after
Roger B. Taney, a chief justice Of
the Supreme Court of the United
States for &c years, whose decision
in the famous Dred Scott case had
such an important reaction in shap-
ing events that led to the Civil war
and whose wife was a sister of
Francis Scott Key. Douglas county
was named after Stephen A. Doug
las. whose life also figured so prom
inently in pre-Civil war days. John
Forsyth of Georgia, secretary of
state of the United States. 1884,
1871, lent his name to the county
seat of Taney county. Ozarkians
took their politics seriously enough
in those times to name their county
seats and landmarks after promi-
nent public figures.
Gobbler's Knob is one of the
smaller balds four miles from Hol-
lister in Taney county.
There was humor in the name of
Loafer's Glory for a second build
ing in Taney county.
In many instances places were
named with a descriptive signifi-
canoe. From Possum Trot. a valley
in Taney county where these ami
mails abOunded, to High Lonesome.
a ridge on a divide between Beaver
creek and Swan creek in Douglas
county that was particularly high
and lonesome; Virgins Bluff in
Stone county, with its legend of dis
illusioned Indian maiden's love,
each has it's own particular story.
Smyrna times., 1932-11-09
All CLUB BANQUET
AT MILFORD
Dewey Sapp, First State Mem
Der, Toastmaster of Affair
on November 18th
LIST OF WORKERS GIVEN

The first of the All county wide
banquets which has ever been held
in Delaware is being planned for
the evening of November II in the
Milford Grange Hall. The banquet
is held under the auspices of the
County Chapter of the Order of
Links in 4-H chain of Delaware.
which represents older All boys
and girls who are planning the af-
fair as a demonstration of their in
terest in the growth and promotion
of All club work in the State. The
program for this affair is being
planned by WB. Simpson, vocation
al agriculture instructor at Caesar
Rodney School, who has been af-
/ filiated with club work for Is years
The POSTMASTER for the occasion
will be Dewey Sapp, of Houston,
who has the honor of being the
first All Club members in Della
ware. The banquet will be served
/ by the ladies of the Milford Grange
the menu including turkey and
other products of the farm. Not
only members of the All club but
parents and others interested in the
work of the club may attend Those
cooperating in the work of this
first banquet include the following
Helen L. Comstock, county All
leader; Francis Dill, Ethel Austin
Wilbur Warner, Jose Kielbasa, Mil
ford; Dewey Sapp, Kathryn Vim
yard, Houston; Russell Burris
Louise Layton, Harrington; Char
les Paradee, Dorothy Craig, Eliza
beth Taylor, Phyllis Dixon and
Ralph Clendaniel, Dover; Margaret
Voshell, Herman McGinnis. Wyom-
ing; Jack Lafferty, Cheswold; Mary
Louise Darrah, Clayton; Mary Com
eggs, Hartly; Velma Gray, Farm
ington; Leonard Sapp, Magnolia;
w. B. Simpson, Camden; Ed
Schabinger, FELTON,; Lyndon Caulk,
Jr, Woodside.