davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1932-05-15
WORK INSURANCE FINDS
|3 FAVOR WITH EUROPEANS
38, 600, 900 Persons Protected Against I'm.
employment Agenda of World Labor
Conference at Geneva Reveals.

ployed in 1880 and that. authorities
estimated that between 600 and 800
million dollars would have been re-
quired to give effective relief, distress
is far more evident In America than in
the much poorer European countries.
In Europe bread lines" are non-ex-
istent; nor are apple sellers" and
other disguised forms of mendicancy as
evident to passersby Nor is the So
cial disintegration, increase of tubercu-
losis, mental depression among school
children, Development of criminality, ETC.,
as marked as in prosperous America.
Furthermore, no great European CITY
has yet developed the "jungles' which
cling to the outskirts Of American in
dustrial centers.
Assuming that the United States has
an average of 100000 unemployed
daily, they would receive on an average
of but $50 per year from private and
public relief. German workers entitled
to government aid receive on an av-
erage OF S219 per year and British
workers, about $3.50 per annum. Out
of total Of about 16,500, 900 British
wage earnerS there are 100000 who
are not insured These are domestic
servants and agricultural workers.
Dole Declared Unpopular.
One tallacy has been blasted in prac-
t!cally every European country-that Is,
that workers prefer to receive govern
ment aid to working, According to DR..
Brauns, German labor minister, the
anxiety to find work Is such that two
thirds of insured persons succeed in
obtaining Unemployment before their
insurance benefits are exhausted" Dur
ing 1881 Germany expended nearly
5000, ,000, 900 gold marks on unemployed
insurance payments. The loss of in
comes to unemployed workers was 5000
millions of marks, or IS per cent of the
wages which would have been received
had every one been fully employed
In Czechoslovakia unemployment in
surance Is voluntary, but, nevertheless,
covers 1,250, 900 workers. Latest figures
show that out Of 486,363 unemployed,
146,325 were receiving BENEFITS. In
France, out Of 100000 registered unem-
ployed between 10000 and 80 1000 were
in receipt Of aid. The total number of
insured workers in France now Is
8,740 900.
Italy's situation Is growing serious.
There are now more than 200, 900 un-
employed. The daily allowance is 3.75
lire (about 20 cents) per day, with no
distinction between single men or men
with families. Only between 25 and
80 per cent of the registered unem-
ployed, however, are In receipt of gov
ernment aid.
That compulsory insurance is a pam
acea for all unemployment ills is not
claimed by its advocates. Ordinarily.
however, funds paid by workers, en-
ployers and governments to insurance
institutions have proved sufficient to
tide over normal periods of depression.
In abnormal depressions, such as the
world is now passing through, supple
mental relief measures are necessary.
Many European countries, however,
even after three years of abnormal un-
employment, are still able to maintain
their average standards of living
among workers.
Evening star., 1932-05-15

French government TO talk before
June 4.
theoretically the new French premier,
whoever he may be, will meet German
Chancellor Heinrich Bruening, British
Prime Minister Ramsay Macdonald,
Italian Foreign Minister Dino Grandi,
Norman H. Davis of the American dis
armament delegation and Hugh S. Glib
son, American Ambassador to Belgium
and head of his country's representa-
tives at the Disarmament Conference,
in Geneva early in June.
Theoretically they will discuss dis
armament. But practically, 1t Is as
sumed, they will discuss reparations-
that is to say, the Lausanne conference
scheduled for June 16 will really begin
in Geneva a week earlier.
But what. if anything, can be accom-
plished in a week, the more so as tech
nical and diplomatic preparations Of
any sort will have been wholly lacking?
Germany Stands Firm.
There is no sign whatever up to the
present that Germany Is willing to ac-
cept anything short OF complete cancel
lation of reparations. 1t is possible,
however, that, in order to appear In
better moral position respecting the
United States, France and Great Brit
ain will decree a two or three years
reparations moratorium, whether Ger
many accepts it or not, in the hope that
the United States will then relent and
grant a similar extension Of the war
debt moratorium.
This apparently Is the very maximum
of constructive results, which, accord
Evening star., 1932-05-15
Japan's Problem in Manchuria
Arrives at Diplomatic CROSSROADS
Continued From First Page.)

Continued From First Page.)
second round at Shanghai went slightly
against them; the third round at
Geneva has been draw. The fourth
round will terminate after the Lytton
Commission submits its final report to
Washington and the League. Then the
real fight will begin.
=. 1t was in preparation for this stage
that Secretary Stimson primarily came
to Europe. Disarmament furnished the
necessary cloak of camoufiage. The
biggest factor in the next counter-move
in the Sino-Japanese dispute will be
the solidifying of the world front
against recognition-de facto or de jure
of the Japanese created and con-
trolled Manchukuo state. The big
powers, following the lead of the Unit
ed States, have announced that they
will not accept any change In China S
territory brought about through viola
ton of existing treaties-the nine-power
treaty. the Kellogg pact or the League
covenant. The members of the League
likewise have pledged themselves to a
similar policy. One of Washington's
apprehensions has been a feeling that
certain European powers France, for
example) might, 'for value received" :"
seek to find a way of arguing that
Japan's Manchurian policy is not, nor
ever has been, as Toxic insists, vio-
lation of the foregoing treaties. But
there Is every reason to believe that
Secretary Stimson, at the moment, is
satisfied with the assurance of stead
fastness to the principle of non-recog-
milton of Japan's fait accompli which
he has obtained from the big powers
(again excepting France) and the lead
ers Of the smaller states at Geneva To
express a doubt as to the sincerity of
other governments at this stage of the
game would be unwarranted and un-
diplomatic. and might easily result in
the League demanding more tangible
guarantees that the United States her
self will not deviate from the terms Of
Stimson's letter to Borah. Washington
has been accused of fickleness before in
respect to her international policies
the Versailles treaty. the League cove
nant, The Hague Court protocol, etc.
Without revealing too much of what
might be termed diplomatic maneuver-
ing. the immediate policy of the United
States and the big powers and the
League OF Nations might be character
lied as one Of "watchful waiting" There
are those who would readopt the tactics
of Woodrow Wilson which proved so
successful during the war, namely, de-
moralizing the enemy behind the lines
Like Germany during the final years of
the war. Japan has an opposition" at
home. The Liberal Minseito-Sh Shidehara
group in Toxic knows that its politi-
cal fate as well as Japan's international
reputation hangs In the balance. If
the militarist- Fascist dictatorship which
now rules succeeds In firmly establish
ing itself, the Liberals face political
determination. On the other hand
they have honest doubts whether the
policies the militarists have espoused
for exploiting Manchuria's vast unde-
veloped resources can prove enduring.
II, as high League official succinctly
put it. Geneva and the big powers can
persist in being as disagreeable as
Evening star., 1932-05-15
Again Insisting There's No Gulf Stream,
Scientist Admits Only Florida Current

PARIS.-"I repeat that there is no
such thing as the Gulf Stream, and
hope that this categorical statement
will put an end to periodical con-
lectures of what would happen to the
west of Europe. If the flow Of the
stream were to be modified"
So says Prof Georges LIE Dannois,
head of the French Sea Fisheries
Bureau, who occupies a high place
among oceanographers in this country.
Prof lie Dannois has been studying
what he terms the "so-called Gulf
Stream" for 10 years. Eight years ago
he said that there was no Gulf Stream,
and each year has increased his con-
viction that 1t does not exist. There
is certainly, he says, a current originat-
ing in the Gulf Of Mexico which, passes
between Florida and Cuba. flows north
of the Bahamas and then spreads
fanwise between the Newfoundland
banks to the north and the Sargasso
Sea to the south. but goes no further.
Prof. LIE Dannois proposes to call it
the Florida Current and to abandon
the name Gulf Stream altogether
According to the French scientist
the legend of the Gulf Stream has
arisen from the fact that there exists
in the Atlantic Ocean general
movement Of the fluid mass, sort Of
internal tide, which may vary in
amplitude and in duration and which
hitherto has been mistaken for a pro-
longation of the Florida Current.
He adds that when proof of the
existence of the Gulf Stream is sought
by throwing objects into the ocean on
the American side and noting the
points where they are washed ashore
in Europe, the reasoning is faulty. The
objects, he asserts, are driven by winds
and not 1oated by currents. AS the
prevailing winds over the North
Atlantic are from west and east, float
Evening star., 1932-05-15

stability and confidence Despite at
tempts by various statesmen in the last
few months, no real progress seems to
have been made along any Of these
four lines.
The latest authoritative expert report
on the situation is that Of the Bank
for International Settlements, at Basel.
just out. Experience of the last year.
says this report, proves conclusively
that production. employment, trade.
profits and even currencies are inter-
dependent and international in their
causes and effects.
United Action Urged.
"All the evidence available" the re-
port declares, leads to the conclusion
that any hope that a single country
may achieve prosperity apart from the
rest Of the world would indeed be bascd
on insecure foundation
National measures. such as control of
foreign exchange, exaggerated tariff in
creases, import restrictions. moratoria
standstill agreements, suspensions of
the gold standard, have not only done
no good, according to the report. but
have actually increased the dislocation,
Durable monetary stability cannot
be expected to exist unless international
relations in the economic field are rad
ically improved" the report says.
1t urges once again determined and
concerted action of governments" to
bring about speedy readjustment of
reparations and war debts to the exist
ing troubled situation of the world.
(Copyright, 1897
Evening star., 1932-05-15

ing objects naturally follow the same
direction.
The theory of an internal tide in
the Atlantic has been developed by
Prot. lie Dannois as the result OF
many cruises in the north OF the
North Atlantic. This tide. he says, Is
caused by the fact that the waters OF
the Atlantic are divided into two main
groups-the polar waters, which are
cold and of low salinity and the true
Atlantic waters, higher in both salinity
and temperature. In the North At
lantic the tendency is for the polar
waters to form a sort Of huge basin
inclosing the warmer waters. The
tidal movement Is produced by the
constant tendency Of the warm waters
to encroach upon the cold ones. In
Summer the tide flows northward, in
Winter southwark.
In the opinion Of Prof. lie Dannois
this tidal movement has been mistaken
for the Gulf Stream. as it is currently
known, but he maintains that it is
absolutely distinct. The amplitude of
the internal tide, according to the
professor, follows a well-determined
cycle. There are years when the warm
waters encroach on all sides, and
other years when their fiow Is much
less noticeable. This explains, he holds,
the periodical announcements that the
Gulf Stream is growing colder"
According to his calculations. there
is an annual tidal movement, on which
are superimposed periodic periods of
greater force, these periods occurring
every four and half years, every nine
years, every IS years and every Ill
years. So that If we are told today
that the Gulf Stream is growing
colder" we have only to wait for the
return Of cne Of the cycles in order
to find 1t growing warmer" again.
(Copyrteht ie32)
Evening star., 1932-05-15
Say "Good-by, America"

expands as the legend of fabulous pros
perity departs. 1t is little easier to
like Americans today than at any time
since the Versailles treaty.
But what of those who have gone
back to the European countries of their
birth? A blond lad in Swedish hotel
displays his English proudly. He was
In America year, almost all the time
without work; finally he worked his
way back and got this job as porter
He likes it; everything Is fine; he can
do everything, even run the elevator
but he wants to go back to America
A Russian mujik, with thick black
beard and the huge, benign face of a
COW, comes home from America. The
Russian customs man confiscates his
Bible On crowded street car in
Moscow his watch Is stolen. He Is like
a great baby in grown-up world, as
bewildered In new Russia as he must
have been in America.
A fresh-faced peasant couple come
happily into the Soviet Republic. The
wife will have nothing to do with
Americans. But at the end of a few
days she speaks appealingly to an
American woman. 1t Is a country, she
says. where they take your Bible away
from you, where your room at the hotel
is entered, your pocketbook opened and
SIS taken. She wants to go back to
Americal But she cannot If America
would let her enter, Russia would not
let her leave
Some Of the departing immigrants
will be happier in the old country and
some will long again for the new. But
they will all be taking something of
America back into far places. There
is a lemon pie sign hanging in an iso-
lated, place in Greece. Sure, says the
proprietor Of the lunch room proudly
he was In America. Lemon pie signs
and thick wool blankets and good silk
stockings-these will 60 back when the
immigrant turns his face to the East.
What else? Queer ideas of America.
some resentment, some odd apprecia
tions; these will be taken back-and
slang to bewilder their friends. And
brisker ways of working; some new
standards created and some old
standards destroyed.
They have not seen the best in
America: most Of them have not seen
the worst; but they are truly our rep
resentatives. BY them will be shaped
the new European image of America.
They will surely report that America
is no longer gold mine-but what
else will they tell when evenings are
long and neighbors come in? What
else?
Evening star., 1932-05-15
Hysteria in Germany Result of l8 Years
Of War, Many Crises and False Cures

denly boycotted by fellows whose par
ents and friends have taught them to
hate unreasonably, are driven to
despair Lads Of II carry revolvers
and fire upon their political enemies" !"
In the universities it Is even worse.
In the countryside bands Of peasants
raise the BLACK flag" Of the peasant
revolt Of 400 years ago and violently
seek to prevent sheriffs sales, normal
seizures of the property Of defaulting
debtors, the orderly functioning OF
justice. In all districts the social boy
colt, most terrible and despicable of
weapons, is used against Republicans,
Democrats, Liberals and Socialists. the
defenders of the present state. A
proud, beaten people, living under for
eign pressure. not free to emulate its
victors in armament, Is inevitably Ma
tionalist. Add an economic crisis and
it (the people, becomes socially radical
as well. The mixture Of national hys-
terra and social revolt has been more
than weary German heads could stand.
copyright, ls32J
Evening star., 1932-05-15
Rose Lovers to Meet
In Getty of Roses

BERLIN, Germsny.-Bad Kreuzach.
situated in the Maize Valley and known
to the world as being the "city OF roses
and nightingales," will quite fittingly
be the scene of the forty-seventh annual
meeting of the Association of German
Friends of the Rose, which will take
place at the beginning of July.
In connection with the flowery con-
vention roses Of the widest variety and
other flowers will be extensively ex-
hibited by the town folk, florists and
merchants, in honor Of many members
Of the association who viii be on hand
for the gala occasion.
tCopyright, NAL -----.
Evening star., 1932-05-15
Give Larder and Cellar
Of Parliament an All-British SayOr

LONDON.-It has come as a shock
to many 100 percenters in the new I'M
perial Parliament to be apprised of
the fact that the upholstery in both
the House Of Commons and the House
OF Lords was purchased from conti-
mental and not English or British En-
pire sources
As the leather covering of the benches
In both chambers is expected to be
renewed in the near future, there will
De campaign to insure that the ma
tons legislators should occupy seats
made from Empire grown hides and
skins.
Already the 100 percenters have been
able to give the Parliament larder and
cellar a decided all-British or all-Em-
pire SAVIOR. Most of the meat served in
the restaurants on the premises is Brit
ish or Empire produce, but Danish
bacon has not been eliminated.
Buy Australian Wines.
The cellar. always a high-grade one,
now has a good stock of South African
and Australian wines. Nevertheless
there are members who still think their
nationalism can stand a liberal dose of
French or German wines without suf-
4CAulS QuublOu.
No kick can be registered over the
work which Is being done to thoroughly
restore the outer surface of the Parlia-
ment houses, for it Is entirely In Brit
ish hands and only British stone is
being used. It Is estimated by the
first commissioner of works, whose de-
partment has the repairs in charge,
that It will require another nine or 10
years to complete the renovation, the
cost Of which win be $500, 900. Lon
don's fitful weather, and In particular
its fogs and SCOT, are held responsible
for the decay that has played havoc
with pinnacles, gargos1es and even the
statuary kings and queens adorning the
editice
Have Lost Their Noses.
The latter had become almost
noseless assembly, while many of the
gargoyles were nearly ready to crash
from their lofty perches to the streets
below or on to the terrace overlooking
the Thames where members entertain
relatives and friends to tea on fine
afternoons in Summer.
Besides the repairs to the masonry
DOW being undertaken the Parliament
Evening star., 1932-05-15

~ MEvA.-The question, now a
mooted one in the United
II States, of whether compulsory
~ insurance is desirable way
to stave off the unavoidable
evils Of unemployment appears to have
been answered in the affirmative in
Europe. where, despite the continued
aggravation of the economic crisis, the
principle that "those who are in
voluntarily unemployed have a right to
O livelihood and that the community
cannot leave them to their fate" Is
being more and more widely accepted
An intensive study of unemployment
insurance, in preparation for placing
the subject upon the agenda Of the 1888
International Labor Conference reveals
that there are now 38,900,000 workers
in Europe insured against unemploy-
ment. About $4,000 of these are
compulsorily insured and 100000
voluntarily" insured. In 1919, when
the principle of IAN effective system of
unemployment insurance" was advocat-
ed at the Washington conference of the
International Labor ONCE there were
but 100000 European workers insured
against enforced idleness.
Gain 100000 in Year.
N IcLlldI kdUle ldCL Is that despite Il1e
1ntensiflcation of the world crisis the
past year insured workers in Europe
increased 100000. This number would
have been larger had it not been for the
fact a considerable number of German
workers exhausted their right to in
surance benefit during the year and be-
came dependent upon local poor relief
funds. In Switzerland, where unem-
ployment insurance established by the
Federal Government is optional, three
additional cantons made insurance
compulsory, bringing the total cantons
thus affected to IL. In practically no
country in Europe has unemployment
insurance lost any Of its strength be-
cause Of the deepening of the crisis.
In citing the situation in the United
States and in European countries. for
the sake of comparison, Albert Thomas,
director of the labor Office makes
some interesting observations.
''If any justification for compulsory
unemployment insurance is necessary
he said, lit would be found in the de-
velopments in the United States There
are supposed to be between eight and
ten million wholly unemployed, which
represents, families included, some
10000 900 persons suffering from un-
nnployment-nearly one-f1fth of the
population of the richest country in
the world now dependent on charity
for livelihood. Sighting references
are sometimes made to the dole IN
Great Britain, but surely the United
States has dole system which is far
more applicable to the humiliating
term than the insurance systems of
Europe, where the worker is rightfully
entitled to receive benefits from the
proper authorities"
Distress Evident in U. S.
NJ Thomas points out that although
$3.50, ,000, 900 is reported to have been
distributed by public or private chari-
table organizations of American unem-
Evening star., 1932-05-15
Summer Art Studies
In Four Countries

WARSAW. Poland.-Under the d.
rection Of Elma Pratt, possessor Of q
masters degree from Columbia Uni
versity, the International School OF
Art is offering Summer courses this
year in Poland, Austria. Czechoslovakia
and Tunisia. The studies win last
from July to August II.
internationally known artists, re-
cruited from the respective countries.
will comprise the Summer faculty
staff. One Of the main purposes Of
the school Is to enable the student,
artist or teacher to work In artistic
circles, made difficult Of access as a
result Of unfamiliar languages and
social conditions.
(Copyright. Is37)
Evening star., 1932-05-15

buildings are also undergoing a scrub
bing. In the view Of some experts a
large section Of London. especially in
the city. needs such bath. Plain soap
and water, it is contended, is the best
means Of removing SCOT and dust and
works no injury to the surface Of the
stone
At bargain prices members Of Par
lament have been afforded the oppor-
tunity of purchasing tons Of the stone
work removed from the Parliament
building, a good deal of 1t going later
to rock gardens in rural districts.
Evening star., 1932-05-15
News Clippings Show
Washington Successe,

BERLIN, Germany.-German news-
paper accounts Of George WasflingsOnis
activities at the height of his military
and political power and dating from
l744 to 1900 are being exhibited to the
public at the Esplanade Hotel here. THE
more important stories have English
translations for the benefit of the Eng.
disappearing peoples. -
Attracting considerable interest. the
historical display, which remains omen
every day from IL noon to z pm, viii
last until November "A.
- 60. GcoDyyighk lea7J
Evening star., 1932-05-15
Let's Deflate HOkum

He says in his
a u I o b | o graphy
t h a t "a W ell
k W n literary
man was heard
to say that the
Almighty Himself
W oul d have ne
chance Of beini
elected on such q
program 1"
Evening star., 1932-05-15

In order to questions
In of his earlier books
working classes though differing those
trles In being ashamed Of lying generally liars
Some opponent put this placard and meeting of
wokingmen Mill asked whether written published
It, He promptly answered: ."I did"
What followed Is remarkable that quote it verbatim:
Scarcely were these two words out of mouth when
applause sounded through the whole meeting 1t
evident that the working people expect
equivocaton sought suages
that found instead of that
likely dsagreeab them being
concluded at that this whom they could
The workngman who spoke after the incident said
the working classes desire told their faults
they wanted friends not atteers And to this the meet
ing heartily responded"
long conviction that politics
with popular intelligence the people sick of
the politicians have not found it out
believe at point In this country when be
elected to ONCE Mill elected In London by courageousy
telling the truth.
evidence support conviction
But certainly should like to see 1t tried out. Is
a-A-Axii-