davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1932-12-09
STOCKS CRAWL
SLUGGISHLY
FORWARD
nv LESLIE GOULD

NEW YORK, Dec. o QN.S0.
The stock market edged forward
in light trading today despite
the sluggish action of the steel
shares.
Tomorrow's U. S. Steel Novem.
Der untitled tonnage report with
predictions that it would show a
decline after three successive
gains was a drag on the steel
shares.
Preferred Off a Point
q. S. Steel preferred ruled
about a point lower while Steel
common and the Bethlehem issues
were heavy.
The rest of the market held
1irm, however, and this brought
in a sn1attering of short covering
Sufftcient to lift the general list
ABOVE the previous close.
Cotton recovered from yester-
days weakness and scored gains
running to 80 cents bale. Wheat
was steady, Sterling was frac-
tionally better when the franc
continued to rule at the gold
point. Bonds were firm.
Rail stocks worked forward in
anticipation of tomorrow's car
doadings gain, but gains were
small. Motor stocks marked time
despite another drive against the
shorts in Auburn. Farm stocks
were lifted by short covering.
Continental Can Run Up
A run-up in Continental Can
was a feature and was attributed
to short covering. This helped
American Can.
Trading was light with specu-
aators awaiting fresh develop
mentS in the news.
The Washington times., 1932-12-09
C-N INVENTORY
LOWEST EVER

General Motors sales to con-
sumers in the United States dur
ing the month of November ex-
ceeded the sales to dealers in the
United States by 10,375 cars.
reducing dealers stocks of new
cars a similar amount, the cor
poration's report issued yester-
day revealed.
Sales to consumers during the
month amounted to 1870 cars
and trucks compared with 26,941
cars during the month of Oc-
tober, and with 34,673 cars in the
month Of November last year.
Stocks Of new cars in the field
decreased 46,246 units during the
IL months ended November 80
and now represent the lowest level
Of unSold stocks in dealers hands
recorded since comparable statis-
tics were first prepared on such
stocks in 1922, Alfred P. Sloan,
jr., president, declared.
The Washington times., 1932-12-09
FRANCE STARTS
GOLD To j. s.

The looked-for movement Of
gold directly from France to the
United States got under way to-
day with the sailing of the S. S.
Bremen for New York. Bankers
have received advices that one
consignment of $2,0O0,000 has
been booked for shipment and it
is understood that the total on
the vessel may be considerably in
excess of that figure.
RumorS have been current for
the past several days that ship
ments on the Bremen were prob
able, but in view of the tension
at the moment, authorities have
been reluctant to discuss the sub
ject.
1t is understood that the ship
ment is being made by private
institutions on the basis Of a
straight exchange transaction.
The Washington times., 1932-12-09
NeLU York Life Club
Meets Here MOndQy

The final meeting of the year
will be held by the New York
Life Agents Club Monday noon, at
the Mayf1ower Hotel. F. Turner
Munsell, Trenton, N. j., formerly
agency organizer here, and Harry
Kinks, Baltimore agency director,
will be guests.
Lemuel C. Sanford, N. Y, assist
ant secretary of the New York Life
Insurance Company, will speak.
Earl D. Krewson, agency director
here, will announce the winner of
the Munsell contest.
The club will elect the new
chairman and his committee. The
retiring committee is composed
of David Samakow, chairman; Lo-
rem L. Cluster, Sidney Simon,
Ralph Cipriano and Frank So
botka. Loren L. Cluster will act
as postmaster.
The Washington times., 1932-12-09
COTTON STAGES
MODERATE
RALLY /

NEW YORK, Dec. 9 GNS.ly
After opening slightly easier, cot.
ton futures staged a mild rally to.
day and managed to get above the
previous close ,;.
Fairly large orders to buy cot,
ton were coming into the ring to-
day from many quarters, some
from distant points, and the off
take was fair all through the
morning.
Late trading was featured by
price-fixing orders, mainly from
the Continent. In addition, Liver
pool was small buyer, while Wall
Street made some purchases. Most
of the offerings came from the.
South and from cooperatives.
The crop estimate was depre-
Gated in the cotton trade, as
most of its predecessors have been
this season. Some declared that
the crop would be 10000, 900 bales
before the season is up.
Midday prices were up 2 to 5
points. with January ups at $50:
March up at STA; May up 3 at
5.83; July up at 5.93, and Octo-
ber up 6 at 6.13,
The Washington times., 1932-12-09
OBSERVES
ANNIVERSARY

Patrons and friends today are
congratulating Corcoran Thorn,
president, and other officials Of
the American Security and Trust
Co. on the occasion Of that insti-
tution'S forty-third anniversary.
From a beginning with $1,23O,-
600 resources in temporary quar-
terS this bank has grown until
it now occupies its own ten-Story
building and has resources ap-
proximating $40,000,000.
Mr.. Thorn has headed the bank
since 1928, succeeding the late
Charles J. Bell, who had presided
for 35 years. The first president
was Alexander T. Britton, who
gave place to Mr.. Bell in 1898.
Besides Mr.. Thont, the officers at
present are as follows:
Vice president, Howard Moran;
secretary, Frederick P. H. Sid
donS; treasurer. Charles E. Howe:
trust officer, David N. Houston;
real estate officer, William L.
Beale; auditor, ]. Damn Faber;
assistant secretaries, Albert H.
Shillington, Robert L. Flather;
assistant trust officers, T. Stanley
Holland, Arthur G.. Nichols, j.
Eliot Moran, Earl G. JonScher:
assistant treasurers, William w.
Keck, Hans w. Ireland, Percy C.
Brady, James w. Dulin. jr., Ed
ward E. Swan, Richard E. Harris,
Harry P. White, Charles C. Bos-
well.
The Washington times., 1932-12-09
C.E. To 0SCATTER
RADIO STOCK

NEW YORK, Dec. 8 Q.N.S0.-
General Electric Company today
announced the distribution Of its
Radio Corporation of America
holdings to stockholders.
This conforms to the decree
which last month ended the two
year government antitrust suit
against R.C.A., General Electric
and Westinghouse Electric &
Manufacturing Co.
The distribution was announced
at a meeting of General Electric
directors this forenoon. The news
brought heavy selling into radio
on the stock exchange and sent
it sharply lower.
General Electric will give its
stockholders one share of Radio
for each 6 shares of General
Electric, amounting at current
market prices to somewhat more
than 80 cents a share. This will
take place on February 20, 1888.
The Washington times., 1932-12-09
CLOTH MARKET

NEW YORK. Dec. Q.N.S.) Follow
ing yesterdays slight setback in the
cotton crop estimate, prices IN the
coarse yarn cloths market today firmed
and the list as a whole took on a better
tone.
Moderately good sales were put
through during the morning unchanged
from the previous close. There was
good buying of a number of print cloth
constructions; for December shipments
and bids for larger quantities at the
December prices for January and for
ward delivery were being turned down.
The Washington times., 1932-12-09
DAIRY PRODUCTS

CHICAGO. Dec U.N.s).-Butter,
SS77 tubs; easy; old cars, II; new,
20; extra firsts, s1S@21%: firsts'
2o% Q21A; packing stock, 1908;
specials, 221a @23.
Eggs-2,362 cases: steady; old cars,
!: new, ?; ordinary current receipts,
% 13O; fresh graded extra firsts,
less than cars. 80; cars, 29; fresh
graded firsts, less than cars, al:
cars 81; dirties, 1904; checks, 10
2Sh.
Cheese-Longhorns AID da sies, 12H
@121s: twins, 11atD12
The Washington times., 1932-12-09
Loans to Brokers
jump S39,OOO,OOO

Loans on stocks and bonds to
brokers and dealers by Federal
Reserve member banks in New
York city increased $4,000, 900
during the week ended December
7, to 1892. 900, 900.
This compares with the low Of
1891 5000 on July 7, and with
$500, ,00O, 900 on December 9, 1881.
The Washington times., 1932-12-09
CHICAGO LIVESTOCK

CHICAGO. Dec. QN.S.).-Hogs-
Receipts. 10000; market 1Oc lower. Ton,
$SSO; bulk, $2S5@3.25; heavy. S2.9O@
:, rs: medium, $S@S.S0; light, S8@3.SO;
S2:S0G2.75; pigs. S2.75@S.25. Hoidovers
Cattle-Receipts, 1.5OO; market steady.
Calves: . Receipts 500; market steady.
Beef steers: Goo dand choice. $500
T.75; common and medium, S450M6.5O;
yearlings, $4.59@7. Butcher cattle:
Heifers. S2@66O; cows. s2@4; bulls,
$2.s0G4; calves, $3Q5.5O;- feeder steers,
$3.6O@6; stocker steers, $3@5.50;
stocker COW and heifers, S2.5O@4,
Sheep-Receipts, $4,000; market steady
to 25c lower, Medium and choice lambs.
"a. 5.5O@64O; culls and common, $500
$50; yearlings, $S.50@475 common
and choice ewes, S1@2 so; feeder lambs,
$4506525
The Washington times., 1932-12-09
News to Chase
Trade Blues

Abbott Laboratories sales
in November make first gain
in % months.
Dodge sales in week ended
December 3 gain sharply
over previous week.
FOrdwick, Va, cement
plant reOpened with 200
workers.
Auto production 1S per
cent higher in November
than in October.
PoStOffice receipts show
gains in industrial cities.
The Washington times., 1932-12-09
Lehigh Cement Co.
ReOpenS Va. Plant

RICHMOND, Va, Dec. 9.-The
Lehigh Portland Cement Com
pany'S plant at Fordwick, Va,
which has been closed for the
last several months, has reopened.
The plant is running at about
two-thirds of capacity, about 400
men having been recalled to their
posts.
The Washington times., 1932-12-09
425 Sign Exchange
Xmas HOLid1U Plea

The petition asking for an ex-
ira holiday on Saturday, December
"a, preceding Christmas, which is
being circulated on the floor Of the
New York Stock Exchange, has
been signed by 425 members.
The Washington times., 1932-12-09
GUARANTY TRUST co.

Directors of the Guaranty
Trust Company Of New York de-
clared a dividend of S per cent
for the quarter ending December
81, payable on that = date to
stockholders of record Oecem-
Der 8.
The Washington times., 1932-12-09
WOOL MARKET

NEW YORK, Dec. . U.N,s).-wool
hteady. Domestic fleece: Unwa shed
Ohio and Pennsylvania, 10000; domes-
tic pulled, secured basis, 81 acc; do
Tuestic Texts, clean basis 33 a 45c; do
mestic Territory. clean basis, 35 q 45c,
The Washington times., 1932-12-09
NAVAL STORES

NEW YORK, Dec. . (I.NS),-Linseed
oil car lots SIS. Turpentine steady, l2e.
maain easier. common, $40.
The Washington times., 1932-12-09

New York funds in Montreal, s1.46
premium at $1,000.
Montreal funds in New York, $1.45
discount at $1,000.
The Washington times., 1932-12-09
WASHINGTON STOCKS

SALES
Washington Railway and Elec-
trio As, $1,00O087h.
Evening star., 1932-10-07
DISPLAY PLANNED
BY PHOTOGRAPHERS
Amateur Exhibit to Be Feature of
Industrial Exposition,
October 24-29.

An outstanding exhibit of amateur
photography. sponsored by the District
chapter of the Master Photo F'inishers'
Association of America, will be fea-
ture of the eighth annual Industrial
Exposition of the Washington Cham
Der of Commerce, to be held in the
Washington Auditorium october "a
to 20.
More than 10000 amateur photog-
raphers already have been invited to
take part in the display, with series
of cash prizes awaiting winners in 20
different classes. The exhibit will be
linked in with the Nation wide contest
of the national association, and the
winning photographs in the local eX-
hibit will be sent to New York to COM
pete in the national contest, Novem-
ber Is, Is and II.
The display at the Chamber of Com
merCe Industrial Show is expected to
be the largest of its kind ever at
tempted here.
Plans for the exposition, in which
virtually every field of manufacturing
and processing in the District of Co.
lumbia will be represented, are rapidly
going forward under the direction of a
special committee of the chamber, of
which George A. G. Wood is chairman.
Alfred L. Stern, a member of the
board of directors of the trade body,
IS directing the event.
Evening star., 1932-10-07
FEAR COMPLEX"
HITS AUTO TRADE
Industry Seeks to Remove
Factors Retarding Sale
of New Cars.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
DETROIT, October THE automo-
bile industry long has considered itself
the bellwether of prosperity. 1t has
held that while first to feel the effects
of any adverse influences in economic
and industrial conditions generally, II
was first to recover.
The experiences of the last three
years. however, have caused most OF its
executives to agree that 1t has so much
in common with every other leading
industry Of the world that general
worldwide Improvement in business
conditions is essential to definite and
permanent improvement in the motor
car industry.
While the automobile industry is
first in many respects such as con-
sumption of steel, rubber, gasoline and
the like" said one authority today, 1t
cannot live from itself alone, and In re-
cent years has come to the pretty gen.
eral agreement that there must be i'm
proved conditions in many other basic
lines before an enduring prosperity can
return to motor car manufacturing.
Replacement Market.
In a general way this new viewpoint
developed cOincidcntally with admission
on the part of motor car builders that
the bulk of their future business lay
almost entirely in the replacement mar
ket and in the development against
great difficulties of the export trade.
The trade expects the wearing out OF
many hundreds Of thousands OF vehicles
to create potential demand for new
cars, but comedies also that large part
of this potential demand cannot be con-
verted into actual neW-car sales until
other factors. economic and financial,
remove what has been called the fear
complex"
So far as the export trade is con-
cerned. automobile executives generally
look for little expansion in the next sew
eral months and for the same reason
that domestic business has fallen Off
a dsinclination of potential buyers to
quit boarding their purchasing power.
The foreign field, however. is not be-
ing neglected in the industry's plans for
the future. Something less than rs per
cent Of all the worlds motor cars are
in foreign countries. The industry's
leaders believe there is room for consid-
erablc expansion in the export trade
when tariff imposts can be adjusted.
Latin Trade Sought.
No little attention recently has been
centercd on the potentialities Of the
market in Central and South America.
Competition for this trade has been un-
usually keen between American and Eu-
ropean producers.
Recent announcement by the Cont
mental Motors Corporation that it has
arranged for production in Canada of
the Continental-De VauX Motor Car en-
phasizes the Importance attached by
American producers to the export ad-
vantages accorded Canadian-made ve
hicles over those produced wholly within
the United States.
Practically every leading American
manufacturer in the last two years has
arranged for Canadian production IA
cilities. AS Canadian-made vehicles,
the cars receive favored tariff rates on
shipments 20 other British territory.
Evening star., 1932-10-07
COOPERATION OF PUBLIC
URGED TO CUT ACCIDENTS
New York Central General Safety
Agent Seeks Aid in Grade
Crossing Mishaps.

Cooperation by the public to main
tair the downward trend in grade
crossing accidents and fatalities was
called for today by Charles E. Hill. gen.
eral safety agent of the New York Cen
tral lines, who has been elected chair
man CT the safety section of the Amer
ican Railway Association.
Addressing the closing session of the
section at the Washington Hotel, Mr.
Hill declared the grade-crossing toll
had been going down for the past four
years as the result Of efforts by the
railroads and the public, and that II
this record was to be continued the ef-
forts of the public are necessary.
c. L. LaFountaine of ST. Paul, gen.
eral safety supervisor of the Great
Northern Railway, was elected first
vice chairman of the section, and H.
A. Parish of Chicago, assistant general
manager of the Chicago g. Northwest
ern. second vice chairman. j. c. Cavis-
ton of New York was reelected Sec
retary.
Evening star., 1932-10-07
BICENTENNIAL PAGEANT
REHEARSALS TONIGHT
Cast to Be Ready for Presentation
of "The Visions of George
Washin gton."

Final rehearsals for the pageant, "The
Vision of George Washington" will be
held tonight and Monday night, it was
announced today by the District Bicen-
tennial Commission, sponsors of the
harvest festival.
Planned for presentation at the Sylvan
Theater October II, II and 13, the
pageant will include outstanding Wash
ington talent in its cast. The directing
staff consists of Marie Moore Forrest,
Arthur Bradley White, Maud Howell
Smith, Estelle Wentworth. Evelyn Davis,
Ruth H Mckenzie, Harold Snyder and
others.
Four episodes of the main production
and numerous dance interludes and in
cidental entertainments are now in
preparation.
Members of the cast are reminded
that in case of heavy rain Monday night
the final rehearsal will be held in the
Central High School auditorium. Unless
absolutely impossible, however, the
practice will take place as scheduled,
the management has announced
Evening star., 1932-12-22

Gen. John j. PerShing and his sister
Miss Mary Pershing, are in New York,
where they were called by the illness OF
their brother, Mr.. James F. Pershing.
Evening star., 1932-12-22
THE Secretary of Agriculture and
Mrs. Arthur NJ. Hyde will be
joined today by their daugh-
L. ter, Miss Caroline Hyde.

The Ambassador of Cuba and Sonora
de Cintas left yesterday morning for
their home in Havana to spend Christ
mas and the holidays.
The Minister Of Venezuela and Sonora
Gle Arcaya entertained at dinner last
evening in honor of the Minister OF
other guests were the Minister of
Panama and Sonora de Alfaro, Dr.
Horacio de Alfaro and Sonora de Alfaro.
ton, Senor Don Luis Churion. and the
secretary Of the legation, Senor Don
Pedro RiVero.
Senator and Mrs. TaSker L. Oddie
who make their home at the Shoreham,
have with them for the holiday season,
their niece, Miss Barbara Goodwin.
Persian legation Scene
OF Interesting Tea Yesterday.
The charge d'affaires of Persia and
Nine hZOdi entertained at a charmingly
appointed tea yesterday afternoon III
the new legation on Sixteenth street.
The legation was gay with roses and
greens the many exquisite Persian rugs
in the spacious building giving a truly
ltISlGI dtLiCop plltIt " ttIt DdIIy' 4IiNiC
were about 80 guests including members
Cf the diplomatic corps and their fam
lilies and friends CT the charge d'afaires
and Nine. Az0di in residential and Off
cial circles in the Capital.
Among the guests were the Ambas-
sadOr Of Turkey. Mr.. Ahmet Muhtar;
the Minister of Egypt, Sesostris Sida-
rOuss; the Minister of Austria and
Nine. Prochnik and their daughter,
Miss Valerie PrOchnik, and Miss Violet
James: the Minister of Albania, Mr..
Fail Kanitza: the Minister of Denmark
and Nine Wadsted, the Minister of
Iithuania Nr Bronius KaSimir Balutis;
the Minister Of Panama and Sonora de
Alfaro. the charge d'affaires of Cuba
and Sonora Ge Baron, the charge daft
faire7 Of Mexico and Sonora de Cam
pos Ortiz, the charge d'affaires OF Italy
and Narchesa Diana, the charge DAT
fares Of Nicaragua and Sonora de De-
ba-le, the naval attache of the Italian
embassy and Signora Pia CaSardi Ro-
sasco. the air attache Of the Italian en-
bassy and Signora Madga Sbernadori
Beling2rdi, Mrs Thurston, wife Of Rep
resentative Thurston; Mr.. S. Wallace
Murray. Miss Vera Bloom, Mr.. and Mrs.
Franklin Mott Gunther. Miss Ayres,
and the Turkish consul general in New
York. Basri Bey.
The hosts were assisted by members
Of the legation staff and at the tea
table were Miss Grace Newton, daugh-
ter of the Secretary to the President,
MI. Walter II. Newton. and Miss Ayres:
Evening star., 1932-12-22
SOCIETY
Secretary of Agriculture and Mrs. Hyde
Joined Today by Miss Caroline
Hyde From College.

daughter of Representative and Mrs.
w. A. Ayres.
Representative and Mrs. c. F. Curry
of California have as their guest for
the holidays their niece, Miss Margaret
l. Gabler Of Winside, Nebr., who ar
rived yesterday morning.
Representative and Mrs Hamilton
Fish, jr.,. entertained at dinner last
evening in honor of Mr.. and Mrs.
George Djamgarof of New York, who
are staying at the Mayfiower.
Representative and Mrs Bertrand H.
Smell have with them their daughters,
Mrs. Harold w. Cheel of RidgeWood,
N. j., and Miss Sarah Louise Smell,
student at Vassar.
Representative Loring M. Black, jr.,
of New York is staying at the Shore
ham.
The retiring air attache of the French
embassy and Nine. Thenault will sail
January 81 on the Paris for France.
The diplomat and his popular wife,
the former Miss Sarah Spencer, will be
greatly missed in Washington, where
they have taken a prominent part in
both diplomatic and residential society.
The first secretaries of the Czecho-
slovak legation. DR.. Josef Nemecek and
Mr. Otakar Kabelac, left today for New
York and will sail on the Christmas
cruise to the West Indies aboard the
Conte Grande
The Assistant Attorney General and
Mrs Roy st. Lewis will leave washing
ton tomorrow to spend Christmas in
Sharon. Pa Early in January Mr.. and
Mrs. ST. Lewis will motor to Florida for
a visit.
Gen. John J. Pershing and his sister,
Miss Mary Pershing, are in New York,
where they were called by the illness OF
their brother, Mr.. James F. Pershing.
The Federal radio commissioner,
Judge Eugene o. Sykes, will arrive in
New York today cn the Manhattan,
from Europe. He will come to Wash
ington to join his family shortly after
his arrival
DR.. Stanley K Hornbeck, chief Of the
division of Far Eastern affairs, State
Evening star., 1932-12-22

The Assistant Attorney General and
Mrs. Roy st. Lewis will leave Washing
ton tomorrow to spend Christmas in
Sharon, Pa Early in January Mr.. and
Mrs. st. Lewis will motor to Florida for
a visit
Evening star., 1932-12-22

daughter of Representative and Mrs.
w. A. AyreS.
Evening star., 1932-12-22

Department, entertained informally at
luncheon yesterday at the Carlton.
Mai. Gen. and Mrs. Charles NICK
Saltzman will have as their house guests
for Christmas Mr.. and Mrs. Charles E.
SaltZman, who will arrive in Washing
ton tomorrow. Mrs. Saltzman is the
daughter of the former Secretary OF
Commerce and Mrs. Robert Patterson
Lamont.
Evening star., 1932-12-22

Col. and Mrs. Rex Hays Rhoades will
have with them for Christmas and the
holidays their sons, Mr.. Taylor Rhoades,
who came yesterday from Lehigh Uni
versity. and Cadet John F. Rhoades,
Point.
Evening star., 1932-12-22

Maj. and Mrs. Granville Fortescue
entertained at a tea dance yesterday
afternoon at the Chevy Chase Club,
when they presented their daughter,
Miss Helene Fortescue, to society
Evening star., 1932-12-22

Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph L. Sabin. &C
companied by their son. Mr.. Hilbert S.
Sabin, sailed on the steamship Staten
dam for the Christmas cruise to the
West Indies.
Evening star., 1932-12-22

Mr.. David H. Blair, jr.. has joined his
parents, Mr.. and Mrs David Hunt Blair,
in their apartment at Wardman Park
Hotel for the Christmas holidays.
Evening star., 1932-12-22

Mrs. Samuel S. Dennis has returned
to Washington from Boston, where she
visited for few weeks, and has opened
her apartment, In Wardman Park
Hotel, for the remainder of the season.
Evening star., 1932-12-22
Christmas flowers and greens were used

Christmas flowers and greens were used
in the club.
The guests were limited to the young
friends of the debutante and assisting
were Mrs. Thomas Massie and Miss Rion
Fortescue, sisters of the bud; Miss Julia
Matheson, Miss Cecil Perry, Miss Ruth
Tuckerman, Miss Jane Tewksbury, Miss
Helen Tewksbury, Miss Ethel Mae
Taylor, Miss Virginia Hall and Miss
Lucille McGehee.
Miss ForteScue wore gown OF white
chiffon designed with fluffy collar, and
she carried roses and orchids.
Maj. and Mrs. Thomas D. Finley and
Maj. James r. Finley will arrive in
Washington Saturday to spend the hol-
idays with their mother, Mrs. Walter
L. Finley at 2704 Ontario road north
west.
Comdr and Mrs. A. B. Court will en-
tertain at dinner Friday night in honor
of their son, Midshipman John M.
Court, who will be home for 10 days
from the Naval Academy. The COM
pany will include only young men.
Miss Frances Simonds, debutante
daughter of the commandant of the
Army War College and Mrs. George S.
Simonds, will entertain at dinner this
evening.
DR.. Frank Kermit Soukup, U. S. N.
and Mrs. Soukup will come tomorrow
l. H. V1,-lr % 11l
Evening star., 1932-12-22

DR.. Frank Kermit Soukup, U. S. N,
and Mrs. Soukup will come tomorrow
from their home in New York to be
the guests of the latter's mother. Mrs.
Anne E. Murphy. in her apartment in
the Highlands for the holidays. Mrs.