davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-11-26

NEGROES hired for county work
" must be paid wages, but Georgia
Cracker law can hire them for fat
back, peas and corn pone.
The weakened justice of the
peace, with the unshaved face
seemingly swollen from mouthful
of tobacco, peering through silver
trimmed spectacles. The corners OF
the courts mouth, brown and moist
where the juice dribbled, The
suffering justice whining:
"T-t-ten dollars an costs or
three months on the ch-chain
gang"
The routine for the record was
observed to the letter.
In the absence Of a clerk OF the
court the justice sent a certified
copy of the sentence to the warden
at Buzzard's Roost, Chickasaw
county's convict camp and the boy
was returned to his cell until the
warden or deputy claimed him.
BILL TWINE
Bill Irvine was huge man, six
feet three, and weighing more than
200 pounds. A paunch that threat
ened to burst from the belt around
it swayed like CONCEALED jelly when
he walked. A three days growth
of beard made his heavy jowls
seem as dirty as his white cotton
pants and soiled white shirt.
you'll be treated better'n you
ever was at home if yo're good
Niger" he smiled to David. His
teeth we're stained yelloWish
brown from snuff dipping. Good
food-all you kin eat. Eat it
myself sometime Guards eat it, too.
Three months amt so much. You'll
work out soon an if you've bin q
good niger you'll git an outfit
when you go, san1e's a state con-
vict.'
The boy did not raise his eyes
"Three months amt such a long
time" the warden repeated. He
motioned the boy into the parked
car.
DILL I'WINE did not manacle the
u prisoner sitting beside him, for
short time corvicts do not risk
longer sentences by attempting to
escape. The boy was silent, mo-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-11-26

ground. Blood from his nose
formed scarlet rivulet down his
chin, -
TIED HAND AND FOOT
A car appeared on the road and
at the warden's up. raised hand
stopped. The driver was a Negro
who looked synlpathetically at the
boy in the road.
Got a rope?"
Eyes, sub" He quickly found 3
rope under his seat.
Bind his hands and feet. Put
yo' hands out?" he called harshly
TO David
The boy put his hands out, but
at the touch of the rope to his
wrists, stared wildly about him and
with a loud cry pushed the Negro
back with a powerful shove.
"You little black BASTARD"
Irvine swore. 81 ought to blow yo'
God damned brains OUT"
He raised his pistol and struck
David on the head. The boy
dropped without q, whimper, Blood
ran down his forehead to his
closed eyes and mingled with the
rivulet from his nose.
lie regained consciousness in the
ii county Jail. His whole body
ached. The blood on his face and
hands had dried and the slightest
movement made it crack and bleed
again
There was patch of bright,
blue sky through the barred win
dow. A sense of helplessness and
despair swept over him, and he
cried with long, deep sobs.
He was in jail week before a
deputy escorted him to the sheriff's
office. His face was covered with
the scabs of healing wounds.
Tried to escape, eh?"
David nodded duly.
"I reck'n we kin save you some
time by bringin' you befo' the cot
now, if you plead guilty. said the
sheriff.
David nodded again.
4 LAWYER DEFENDS
This time the suffering justicA
of the peace appointed a lawyer to
defend the accused. The lawyer
borrowed the prosecuting attorneys
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-11-26

mist movement in 1920. In this sit
uation various defense movements
sprang up, especially around diff
ferent strike struggles. The largest
of these was the mass movement
developed against the wholesale ar
rests following the government raid
on the illegal Communist Party
Convention held in Bridgeman,
Michigan, in the summer of 1922.
The Sacco- Vanzetti campaign had
not yet come sharply into the fore
ground. Mooney and Billings were
beginning mere and more to rely
upon legalistic measures. 1t was
in this situation that the necessity
of powerful, centralized mass de-
Tense organization became clearly
apparent and in June, 1925, the In
ternational Labor Defense, the Sec
ton IN the United States Of tho
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-11-26
Roosevelt Hoover Unity
on Bosses Debt Policy

IN spite of seeming differences Roosevelt the
mental points approve payment of the s124oooooo
9 @ snovg the rncpe that debt settlements
consideration the capacity Of individual nations to pay ana oh are
t 5eb ier0s ro W aTSa9ss--S
Roosevelt in his statement said
and yesterday forth statement which the president
Yesterday set forth in statement which the president
The disagreement that Hoover tavos rsorsatng the
t 5as 4i:.5io5 5.'4''' because 'z-HS machinery
mi @ 5g T5osr ta the war debts have no relation whatsoever to
voda ~ o15 In trn1 Inv C+erroanv and the FORMER
debts be regarded having relation whatsoever
the to q b a h f an so onsdsTabe sum Of the money
6sna rom 1s n s b95 gsed the debts lei owing
their washington to open the way for private loans at
vision var debts during the period of temporary sterilization
capital penetrate countries thereby enabling the Wall Street
permanent claims har'
Of the surplus value created by the WORKING class OF those countries Az
the SAM time the war debts served wan street as an s1+sGt poaoa-
- Lae msH s @eu 5aI ist noueTs IN this reoS
and revolutions and the tempeu-
the revolutionary upsge Of the masses in the capitalist
definite indications Of the fe hunt for new asnents in the
Even if there appeared conflict
between defeated president Hoover and the president elect Roose
division carrying Wall
policy administrations quite for
neuverng
such changes enable wan street through us 70
able that all be met Then if it necessary for Wall
administration There is also the added value to
inaspuc performances u
United government made Wash
banking and the stock exchange
being considered
gentemen between
carried thus
administration.
capitalist press nyieldng
the articles
this information that that Sub
specific December is might
cuncs with actual delayed until condi
All
required is ink and printing The December
bright the
initiation
money
circumstances definitely linking
the Daily pointed financial
especially the whole public private debts
Now Hoover bring the debts question
the conference where the tariff that
raging that England threatens to still further by special
duties against American products the December payments
postponed"
policy imperialism driving headlong toward
world
opposition to these toing
the cancellation Of all debts public
dirty dupicy the intrigue with
imperiast
the work Of mobilization Of the
capitalist solutions the crisis revolutionary
the Of political the establishment
government which alone finally solve all such questions
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-11-26

sections Of the working class, and
creates the biggest obstacle to its
quick development into q broad,
mass organization that is capable
of ever wider mass campaigns. This
is the immediate, major task and
need, if the American section Of
the IRA. is to fulfill its obliga-
lions.
TASKS OF AMERICAN
SECTION
The American Section must be
center of strength for other Sec
tions; such as the Canadian Sec
ton (the Canadian Labor Defense
League), that faces tremendous OBJ
legations with the outlawing by the
Bennett government of the militant
sections Of the working class; such
as the Latin American sections,
from Nexco. Through ~ carih-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-11-26

Here the lawyer, Clarence DaTow,
who had gained the confidence Of
the workers by his defense Of Hay
wood, Meyer and Pettibone, in
1907, resorted to naneuvers behind
the backs Of the workers that re-
suited in Mcnamara and Scllmico
getting life IMPRISONMENT, and they
are still serving their sentences, al
ter more than 20 years in Cali
fornia's infamous prison - San
Quentin. It was not long before
they were joined by Tom Mooney
framed up in 1916, at first con
demned to death but later the SEN
tence comn1uted to life in1prison-
r1ent, so that last July, Mooney
had spent Is years of his life en-
tonlbed, while Warren K. Billings
is similarly confined III ascend
prison at Folsom.
MILITANT
DEFENSE FIGHT
While the Haywood Meyer Pet
tibone defense movement synchro-
nized with the struggles of the
Russian workers to build defense
against the czarist terror follow
ing the 1905 revolution, that had
it's repercussions in the United
States in the protest movements
demanding the right of political
asylum in America for Russian
revolutionists, the Mooney Billings
defense campaign has spanned the
latest stage in the development OF
mass defense in the United States.
The nlilitancy of this defense &C
ton in its early years was betrayed
alike by the leadership of the So
cialist Party and the American
Federation Of Labor, which tended
to the disruption of the defense
machinery that had first been es-
tablished and which developed con-
siderable mass protest that even
developed to the stage Of strike
struggles.
IN this early period, however, came
the savage prosecutions of all
workers organizations during the
war, with the mass deportations
and prison ships after the war,
and the outlawing of the Conmu-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-11-26

plug of tobacco and suggested tha&
it would be wiser to charge the
boy with misdeneanor instead OF
felony.
Defendant is entitled to- con-
sideration fo' pleadin' guilty" his
attorney drawIed. eff you charge
him with a felony you'll have to
bind him over to a higher cot..
He's savin' the county the exnense
O. feedin' him. In addition, Chick
asaw county has mo- felony COIL
victs than it's population warrants.
If defendant is CHARGED with a
felony the county will not profit
from his work. He will be trans
ferred by the Prison Commission to
another county an all we'll have is
the expense O. keeping him. fig
ger it would be wise if the cot kept
him here on misdemeanor
charge"
THE lawyer smiled cheerfully to
\ David.
81 reck'n that'll save you some
time. bow. eh? What saw"
'IIit doan mex no diff'runce whut
7 say. I'm gontuh git sem up
ANYWAY"
David did not understand the
phrases the justice suffered be-
tween wiping tobacco juice from
his chin and exploring his nostrils
with long, bony finger. He
understood only that for trying TO
escape he was to do nine months
after he had finished the origina,
three.
CONTINUED Tomorrow
FRAMED UP, BEATEN AND
RAILROADED TO IL MONTHS
ON THE CHAIN GANG, WHAT
SLAVERY AND TORTURE WILL
NOW EE DAVID'S LOT IN
COMMON WITH THOUSANDS
OF OTHER WORKERS. ESPE-
CIALLY NEGRO, THROUGHOUT
THE SOUTH? BE SURE AND
READ TOMORROW'S install
MENT OF LIFE ON TIE CHAIN
EANEf
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-11-26

the American Section also comes
into the foreground against the at
tack on the Negro masses in the
West Indies, in South Am erica and
in Africa.
The World Congress of the In
ternational Red Aid, therefore, as
the leader of labcrs mass defense
struggles against the terror against
fascisnl, against imperialist war,
and for the defense of the Soviet
Union, is of tremendous import
ance, not only to it's American Sec
ton, but to labor throughout tho
western world.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-11-26
NEED WORKER PLAYERS

TACOMA, Wash.-The Workers
Theatre in Tacoma urges all friends
and synpathizers of the working
class to assist in staging plays dur
ing the coming winter. All types of
characters are needed. Muriel Wright
is director. Rehearsals are held
every Tuesday and Friday afternoon
at 3 pm.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-11-26
LID. Begins Drive
for Final Release of
ScOttsboro Boys

NEW YORK.-A nationwide cam
paign to follow up the partial victory
wrested from the U. S. Supreme Court
in the Scottsboro case, and to win
complete freedom for the nine boys,
mas been announced by VIM. L. Pat
terson, Secretary Of the Information
Labor Defense.
Mrs Ada Wright, mother Of the 2
boys who has Just completed tour
OF Europe will make several tours of
the country. National Tag Days for
the Scottsboro Defense will be held
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-11-26

bean to Chile, where bloody terror
seeks to crush all worker ana peas
ant resistance to imperiahst and
native exploitation; such as the col
onies Of Wall Street reaction, es-
pecially Hawaii, the Philippines
and Porto Rico; and because of
the tremendous foreign-born popu-
lation in the United States the OPP
portunities for building the patron
att movement in connection with
the mother countries Of these i'm
migrants. In its struggle against
the frightful prosecutions Of the
Negro masses Ia the United States,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-11-26

rose, answering only in monosyl-
tables when asked direct question.
On the open road the sunlight,
the level, white fields of cotton.
the very highway wandering off
to freedom snapped something in
the boys brain and without fully
realizing what he did he flung the
door of the car open and jumped.
He struck the road with terrific
impact and rolled over and over
before he came to a stop and lay
crumpled and unconscious at the
furrowed edge Of field.
NO ESCAPE
The Ford stopped with screech
of brakes even before Davids body
had stopped rolling.
Cray son of a BITCH" the war;
den muttered jumping out OF the
car.
The boys face, and hands in
stinctively thrown out to break the
fall we're lacerated and bleeding
His clothes were ripped as though
a beast had clawed them.
Bill Irvine slapped him vigorously
until he moaned and opened his
eyes.
"Git up an see if you broke any
O. yo' God damned bones" the war
den growled.
David rose slowly TO his feet.
Stretch yo'se'f'
THE boy obeyed dazedly and as
i suddenly as he had jumped from
the car the bleeding hands and
face and Tapping overalls rushed
madly for the open fields.
Haiti Irvine shouted, pulling a
pistol. Halt! Or I'll shoutl"
AS quickly as the insane notion
to run had come, the sharp COM
mand brought him to his senses
and he stopped. Bitter tears were
running down his cheeks when he
returned at the warden's command.
Irvine advanced to meet him.
$50 that's the kind o. Niger
you are, eh?" He struck the boy
with a fist. knocking him to the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-11-26

Beginning December 1st, the I. L.
D. will launch a Scottsboro Victory
Recruitment Drive during which 5000
new members and 500 new Labor
Defender subscribers are to gained
for the organization. The drive will
terminate on March 10, the Anrlivers-
cry date Of the Paris CommIua
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-11-26
BY J. LOUIS ENGDAHL.

FROM ''The Molly Maguires" and
7 eFThe Haynarket" to "Scotts-
boro!'' and F'Mooney-Billings" COR
stitutes more than half q century
Of working class defense struggles
in the United States. In the 70's
and SOS Of the last century, when
the young industrial capitalism was
directing it's bloody attacks against
the workers, soon after the Civil
War (1861-65), and today with this
CAPITALISM developed into the
worlds leading imperialism, the
death penalty is still sought for
those workers who struggle. But
the gallows and the rope is dis
placed by the electric chair and It's
death-dealing bolt Of lightning.
From the narrow isolation Of the
coal fields of Central Pennsylvania,
where 10 militant miners OF Schuyl-
kill County were executed on the
gaIlows in 1876 and 1877, to the
worldwide struggles in support OF
the Scottsboro-Mooney campaign
to-day, is also half century OF
development Of labor's resistance to
the attacks of its prosecutors. How
still further to consolidate and ex-
tend this resistance is one of the
tasks of the World Congress OF
the International Red Aaid.
MASS PROTEST
THEN LIMITED.
"The NylIy Maguires", Irish coal
miners, led the bitterly exploited
mine workers in militant mass
struggles. But when they were
faced in the courts by their pro-
secutors, their very isolation was
contributing factor to the adoption
of a purely legal defense. The mass
protest was also very limited on be-
half Of "The Haylnarket Martyrs,
the five militant workers who paid
with their lives upon the gallows
in the county Jail in Chicago Tor
their courageous leadership Of the
strike movement for the shorter
workday in the Dos, that developed
into the eight-hour day movement
that took on wide proportions. The
savage repression, with mass ar
rests. during the strike movements
at the time OF the economic de-
preston in the eos Deb's Railroad
strike), did not meet with the or
ganized mass resistance that could
have been developed by a work
ers' defense organization.
THE first real, nationwide mass
l defense mobilization came with
the effort to frame-up and railroad
to the gallows the leaders, Hay
wood, Meyer and Pettibone, Of the
Western Federation Of Mines, the
most militant section at that time
of the organized American labor
movement. This movement, led by
Eugene v. Debs, who had himself
been repeatedly arrested and served
numerous prison sentences, took on
a militant character in spite OF
the leadership Of the Socialist Par
ty, that thus early began to knife
the defense actions OF the working
class, although Debs had already
been the party's candidate for
president on two occasions. With
the liberation OF Haywood, Meyer
and Pettibone, the defense move
ment was liquidated. Another came
into existence when the Mcnamara
Brothers, Schmidt and others
faced death in California, IN 1911,
because of their efforts to organize
the workers in Los Angeles into the
American Federation Of Labor.
THE Workers Ex-Seryicemen'S
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-11-26
GIaSStord'S
NeW Spying
Activities
By FRED GRELLER

TIE resignation" Of General
i Glassford as commander Of the
Washington cossacks now turns out
to be only another big bluff. In
stead Of being fired on account Of
his advertised sympathy" for
the bonus vets, the police general
has been promoted to the job OF
keeping the ex-soldiers divided on
a nationwide, instead Of local,
scale. One OF the main detectives
in this newest scheme Is the estab-
lishment Of fascist storm-troops,
with temporary headquarters al
ready provided in Philadelphia, I'M
der the name Of the Independent
Veterans Committee.
Travelling under the cloak Of his
so-called differences with the gov
eminent authorities whom he aided
in the murder drive against the
bonus marchers, General Glasstord
is touring the country, writing sew
eral stories about the B. E. F. for
syndicate Of capitalist sheets, and
making speeches to veterans in
halls that cost a Thousand dollars
night. A few days ago, the tear
gas salesman made his first ap-
pearance at the huge Metropolitan
Opera House in Philadelphia and
got permits to stage four parades,
all of which received the greatest
publicity in the local papers, which
boycott news of workers demon
strations.
Besides the elaborate plans for
his reception, the National Broad
casting Co. provided him with
coast-to-coast hookup on the radio.
Although only about 500 represen-
tatives of the American Legion, v.
F.W, etc, turned out, which proved
that thousands Of rank and file
vets who stay away are kind OF lea
ry about sympathetic police agents
the big shots in those fascist or
CARNATIONS are doing everything
possible to make Glassford's latest
bid q success, before the fighting
vets get started again on q new
march to force payment OF their
bonus from the Hoover Wall st.
gang.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-11-26
INsTALLMENT 90

escaping Of this
white Jim Deering David Jackson Negro lad finally
Deerng the planter He
job picked
waiting connection
and charged with Now continue:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-11-26

The Workers Ex-Servicemen's
League stands for:
I. Full payment on demand of
all Bonuses" insurance policies,
etc. N
2. Increase of all compensations
to disabled war veterans.
8. Right to choose our own ply
sicians and medical attendance at
the governments expense.
4. No jim Growing Of any kind
or discrimination against Negro
War Veterans.
5. All Servicemen to be given
equal political power to join union
and to otherwise support their de-
mands.
6. Unity with the working class
In its struggle against the bosses.
z. Unemployment insurance for
all workers at the expense Of the
bosses and the government.
q Fight against another trnper-
ialist Waxs
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-11-26
UNITY NEEDED NOW
MORE THAN EVER

The use of Glassford by the
bosses and their government Is to
divide the ranks Of the rank and
file veterans. Especially now, when
all the enemies OF bonus are in
Washington to prevent any at
tempts that might be made for the
immediate payment Of the balance
of the adjusted service compensa-
ton (the bonus) and are using
every force and influence to cut out
the disability allowances Of the dis
abled veterans, the rank and file
must unite their forces and send
large delegations OF marchers into
Washington.
1t is against this united action
of the veterans that the GlassfOrds
and Waters are organized. Answer
this attack by supporting the mass
march Of rank and file veterans
into Washington, now at this ses-
sion Of Congress.
Build the Workers Ex-Service-
mems League, the only independent
veterans organization which In
cludes all the veterans, Negro and
white, regardless of their political
opinions. An organization CON-
trolled by the rapk and file mem
berEhjpy - ..
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-11-26

John L. SPiUak's Stirring Novel
GEORGIA Niger"
the hdsOu psseuHoA and
contemptuoas
piure o.
terms which do use-ENtor
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-11-26
JUST AN ORDINARY
STOOL-PIGEON


In the third insta1lInent OF his
3. Z. F. story, General Glasstord
writes how he became treasurer OF
the bonus marchers assembled at
the 18th and D ST. warehouse,
after being nominated by stool
pigeon named 7. G. Schooler. With
al the true scruples Of 2, Judas, he
writes: ''In accepting this task, 7
felt 7 could best fulfill my duty to
the public (the bosses if 7 were
also in their councils and knew
what was going on inside OF their
movement. I went into their
camp as the head Of a force OF
friendly enemies"
This Is how the greatest black
guard among the police character
ICES the bosses whom he served so
Loyalty, who bayoneted and
scorched the vetS--"friendly enc
nies!" In the same breath, he
writes how he felt about the bonus
army, carefully emitting quotation
marks, the better to impress his
masters about his true feelings:
"I left an official in the enemy's
camp. My staff in that capacity
was composed Of five policemen, all
ex-service men, who did a splendid
Job of administration. -" In an
other paragraph he boasts how he
handled, as their treasurer, more
than $4,000, without mentioning a
word about how these funds were
distributed, or to whom.
WATERS ASSISTS
THE STOOL-PIGEON
Glassford's idea Of the leader
ship for the hungry, penniless vets
may be seen in another statement
of his concerning his protege, Wat
ers, undercover- man from Port
land. His appearance and flare
for publicity captured the magma
ton of the B. E. F. i. he was
tower of strength and an able ally
during most Of the occupation"
Thus it can be readily seen from
his own mouth, that Glassford's
ballyfooed sympathy" was Moth
ing but publicity stunt during the
stay of the bonus marchers, in Or
der to provide him with the neces-
sary prestige In the eyes Of the
vets, just as now, when the bosses
are frantically trying to head-off
the storm of unemployed, farmers
and vets that will face Congress
in December, to demand the bonus
and social insurance, he again tries
to stem the tide of mass struggle.
ALI fighting vets must be on
guard against this latest maneuver
of the bosses to palm off Glass
ford as the friend Of the eX-sol-
diersl Rank-and-file vets should
howl this spy off the boards, wher-
ever I1e r,1akee az, arnAaranceI
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-11-26

international Red Aid. was organ
ICED.