davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-08-25
Reversing Layer
THE light of the sun which

TINE light of the sun which origi-
i mates in the philosophers has to
make its way through the other
layers of the suns outer region be-
fore it reaches the earth.
In this fact lies the explanation
of the ordinary spectrum of the sun,
with its dark Fraunhofer lines.
When a gas is heated to luminoS-
ity and the light from it examined
with Spectroscope-the spectre
scope is essentially prism-the re-
sulting rainbow of spectrum consists
of a series of isolated bright lines.
But if the light from some source
is made to pass through layer of
cooler gas of the same sort, the
bright lines are changed to dark
lines.
These lines sometimes are called
absorption lines. on the theory that
a mass of cool gas absorbs the wave
lengths of light which it would
emit when luminous.
The dark lines in the solar spec
trum, therefore, are the result Of
absorption by the suns reversing
layer Of wavelengths arising in the
photosphere.
In fact this is why the name of
reversing layer was given to it.
Now during an eclipse of the sun,
the disc of the moon gradually
creepS across the face of the sun,
shutting off the bright lights of the
philosophers.
That is why during the instant
of totality, the suns halo or corona
becomes visible. The corona always
is there, but it is lost at all other
times in the bright glare of the
suns light.
At the moment or totality, the
solar prominences rising from the
chromoSphefe and some of the
chromosphere itself also can be seen.
At that time, these features appear
a bright red in color
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-08-25
Must Have Competition

THERE is plenty of room for
Il idealism in this old world, but
there also is plenty of need for
strength.
The incentive to win the race, to
beat a rival in business, to fight for
a Woman's love, to construct the
tallest building, or form the biggest
corporation has played and will
continue to play a mighty part in
human progress.
Somehow, we never can seem to
do our best, except in competition.
We have no yardStick to go by, save
that of comparison.
Each Of us is forced to measure
his strength and ability according
to marks set by others, and each
of us does little better because
of it.
There is an element of weakness
in what some regard as the we'll
ordered social system.
Some day men may acquire Suf-
cient intelligence and ambition to
do their best as C matter of social
duty. Some day they may not need
a track meet to break athletic rec
OrdS, or popular appreciation of
triumph to do their best.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-08-25
BY DIR. MORRIS FISHBEIN
Editor Journal of the American Medical
Association and of Hygeia, the
Health Magazine.

MYTH the coming of the first
w cold spell, newspapers will
begin to contain news accounts of
persons who have died from over
exposure to carbon monoxide gas.
Indeed, there have appeared fire.
quently throughout the summer rec
ords of men who died while under
their automobiles with the engines
running in closed garages.
The report of the Ohio state de-
partment of health just made public
indicated seventy persons who took
a chance with this dangerous gas
in connection with domestic heat
ing appliances and eighty-two in
connection with automobile exhaust
fumes during the year ended June
80, 1882.
, The chief domestic appliances in
volved in the records of such acct
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-08-25
Our League of Nations

A MERICA in its own right was a
1 n league of nations, where
ancient animositieS faded in the
hope and vision of new Utopia.
All that is gone. Our hospitality
has changed to snarling suspicion.
Ten daysago when a judge in
Westminster ordered the court room
cleared because the air was
"stuffy," agents of the department
of labor seized no fewer than forty
two elected spectators.
These forty-tWo were cross-ques-
toned upon no charge other than
the accusation that they did not
happen to be born in this country.
I doubt very much that a demand
for return to the old traditions
of this nation would prove a vote
getting arument. And yet, I hope
some candidate will make it.
We are not yet so old and weary
that we can afford to sell our
dreams. If we are to survive in any
important way we must once more
wrap ourselves in bright visions.
Copyright. 1882. by The Timesl
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-08-25
Stranger Within Gates

OlI OtlSCI WIllllll OQlCS
MOT in a hundred years has
L there been such an animus to-
ward the foreigner within our gates.
There may be momentary reasons
which seem to justify the Stoppage
of immigration, but I do not see
why any American who loves his
country's traditions should point
with pride to the figures which Sec
rotary Doak gives forth so gleefully
from time to time.
In the year ended in June, 1882,
thirty-fiVe thousand immigrants en-
tered this country and more than
a hundred thousand departed. Some
of them were victims of Mr.. Doak'S
spies and shoppers, but the ma
jority left our shores of their own
free will because we have made the
lot of the alien hard.
During the last ten years a grow
ing suspicion has mounted against
all those not native-born. The idea
of haven to which the oppressed
of the world might flock has given
way to a regime of urging finger
prints for all born beyond our Dor
ders.
Once Americans took pride in the
fact that men and women came
here from the ends of the earth.
Nor was it true that these visitors
were drawn wholly by the hope of
maternal advantage. We said to
them that here WIS freedom from
religious and political oppression.
This was, in cur bright dream, to
be melting pot out of which should
come brotherhood and fellowship.
All this happened in the days before
why don't you go back where you
came from?" became such familiar
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-08-25

tuSN spectrum important
to Astronomers in Study of
EcLtpses.
NTHEN the eclipse Of the sun
w occurs on Aug. 81, astrono-
mers observing it will devote much
of their efforts to photographing
the flash spectrum"
1t is only within recent years
that astronomers have had a high
degree of success with the flash
spectrum and its study promises to
be an important item at all future
eclipSes.
When prism is held up to sun
light, it spreads the light into a
little rainbow. Astronomers call
this rainbow a spectrum.
The ordinary spectrum of the sun
is continuous spectrum crossed
with a great number of dark lines,
the So-called Fraunhofer lines.
The flash spectrum is Just the OPP
posite. 1t consists of a series of
isolated bright lights, each line oc-
curing where the dark lines occur
in the ordinary spectrum.
To understand the reason for the
occurrence of the flash spectrum.
We must turn to the structure of
the sun.
The bright surface of the sun is
known as the photosphere. The
dazzling light of the sun originates
in the photosphere.
The photosphere is a dense mass
of gaseous material at a tempera-
ture of 5000 degrees Centigrade, or
10000 degrees on the Fahrenheit
thermometer, the one in general use
in this country.
Above the photosphere is layer
of cooler gases known to astrono-
mers as the reversing layer. Above
this is the chromosphere or upper
atmosphere Of the sun, an envelope
of thinner gases, chiefly hydrogen.
The solar prominences, great
tongues of flaming gases, arise from
the chromoSphere.
Surrounding the chromosphere is
the great silvery halo, the corona.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-08-25
Says


Civilization Has Protected the
Weak, bat Has Done Lit
tie to Protect the Fairly
Strong From the Very
Strong.
NEW YORK, Aug. 25.-The cap
IN tain Of industry, war lord and
gang leader are not far apart psy-
chologically, according to DR.. Her.
man j. Muller OF the University of
Texas.
In his opinion, there is ground
for believing that "the dominant
classes tend to have genetic
equipment which would be least de-
sira5le in wen-ordered social sys-
TEN.
THE high minded, the scrupu-
lous, the idealistic, the generous and
those too intelligent to conflne their
interests to personal success" he
says, ARE apt to be left behind in
the present-day battle"
They are, indeed. Though net as
brutal, the struggle for place is
about as ruthless as it ever was.
Civilization has done something
for the protection of real weak
lings. 1t has done little to protect
the fairly strong from the very
strong.
Unrestrained competition and trial
by combat still govern our essen
tial aspirations. In principle, we
still are ready to form rings and
keep out the cops whenever two good
fighters put on a show.
Half the kick in democracy comes
from the contests it makes posi-
BILE. A scandalous campaign be-
tween two candidates for constable
will bring out a much bigger vote
than bond issue.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-08-25

taunt. Indeed, Americans rejoiced
in the chance by which the seeds of
universal culture were planted in
our soil.
And such jokes as passed about
concerning the German, Swede or
Irishman were of the fmendliest
sort. We thrilled at the tales of
men out of Russia and Rumania
who lifted themselves and their
families up out of pushcart days.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-08-25
Daily Thoughts

o give thanks unto the Lord;
for he is good; for his mercy en-
dureth fOrever.-Chronicles 1884.
Bodily labor alleviates the pains
of the mind; and hence arises the
happiness of the poor-La Roche
foucauld.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-08-25

Ideals and opinions expressed
in this column are those of
one of Americas most inter
eSting writer's and are pre-
scented without regard to their
agreement or disagreement
with the editorial attitude of
this paper.-The Editor.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-08-25
The Income Tax Upside Down
(From the PhiIadeIphia Recordl


A sales tax is the income tax upside down.
sales tax means that those who have least are
taxed the most.
sales tax means that man with 81 500 income
who normally must spend $1,000 for necessary mer-
chandse-wil pay tax of two-thirds of one per cent
his income
sales tax means, on the other hand that the
with 100000 income-who will probably not
spend more than $4,000 year on merchandise sub
ject to tax-wi only pay tax of one-enth of one per
cent on his income.
A sales tax is a heavy tax on the poor man. but
light tax on the rich man. because the latter uses
most of his earnings for saving and investment while
the former must spend most of his earnings for food
and clothing.
sales tax means lowered purchasing power for
the masses and slower business
sales tax makes depression worse because the
fundamental of depression that while pouring
out ever greater volume of goods we have failed
to pay out enough in wages so that the masses could
buy those goods
sales tax takes more money from consumers and
workers at the very time that business needs their
buying power most.
sales tax saves the wealthy from higher income
taxes at the very time that taxation of incomes in
needed most to redistribute purchasing power.
sales tax means that moneyed interests, too
5hortsghted to that their own wealth depends on
greater purchasing power for the masses, choose to
soak the poor and speed the deation that ruin
ing their own fortunes.
A sales tax violates the fundamental principle of
taxation: Those who have most shall pay most
A sales tax is a graded income tax upside down.
The taker found three communities in
Colorado without single radio SET Inhabitants are
reported preparing for rapid influx of tourists.
To those who have no faith in government we
want to call attention to the regularity with which
oils always arrive not later than the second of the
month.
writer says that suffrage for women hasn't
helped anybody. But isn't he forgetting the delca-
lessen owners?
man in Italy celebrated his Tooth birthday by
eating garlic alone. And if he were in the United
States he would be alone for quite while to come
The Actors Equity Association announces that it
has plan to revive the theater thus providing jobs
be to revive the audiences.
Prosperity note: Washington item says sales tax
again is being considered That's proof that some
thing is being sold somewhere.
An uplifter says that ne could use brown shirt
movement in the United States How about keep
your Shirt-on movement?
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-08-25

gest to one of them an issue which
seems doomed to be evaded.
These are days in which it is
easy to revive the old spirit of the
Know Nothing party. Though the
khan has languished, its spirit per-
sists under other labels.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-08-25

Prosperity note: Washington item says sales t
again is being considered. That's proof that som
thing is being sold somewhere
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-08-25

The census taker found three communities in
Colorado without single radio set. Inhabitants are
reported preparing for a rapid influx of tourists.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-08-25

An uplifter says that ne could use brown shirt
movement in the United States. How about keep
your shirt-on movement?
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-08-25

To those who have no faith in government, we
want to call attention to the regularity with which
oils always arrive not later than the second of the
month.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-08-25
SCIENCE
by DAVID DTETZ-

Flash Spectrum" Important
to Astronomers IN Study of
EclipSeS.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-08-25

The Actors Equity Association announces that it
has plan to revive the theater thus providing jobs
for thousands of idle actors The simplest plan would
be to revive the audiences
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-08-25

writer says that suffrage for women hasn'
helped anybody But isn't he forgetting the delica
lessen owners?
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-08-25

A man in Italy celebrated his Tooth birthday b.
eating garlic alone. And if he were in the Unite
States he would be alone for quite while to come.
Evening star., 1932-03-22

of consumer purchasing power of about
a billion dollars. Our trouble now Is
due to lack OF effective consumptive
power.
Gift taxes should be brought in line
with the estate tax to meet this national
emergency.
The Ways and Means Committee
came half way with the sales tax op-
ponents yesterday by exempting food,
clothing. medicines and farm imple-
ments. meeting the fundamental OBJ
jectionS of at least one opposition
leader, Representative La Guardia.
The new exemptions meant essen
TALLY that the sales tax would not be
poverty tax" as its opponents have
called it. and would not reach into the
pockets of those barely able to supply
themselves with the necessities of life.
Edward A. ONeal, president of the
American Farm Bureau Federation,
distributed to all members of the House
today a statement asserting the sales
tax is wrong in principle" and should
not be adopted as long as other sources
of revenue remain available.
1T is not based on ability to pay"
he contended. "but on necessity to live.
Its burden lies on the great mass OF
our population who buy the necessities
Of life over the retail counter and pay
such a tax in increased retail prices.
The statement repeated the previous
stand of the federation for a selective
luxury sales tax, gift tax and increase
in Inheritance and income tax rates.
Evening star., 1932-03-22
DUAL PAY SYSTEM
OF U. S. ASSAILED
Crosby, Patrick and Glassford
Cited as Among Those Get
ting Double Salary.

If Congress really is in earnest about
saving money and balancing the bud
get it should investigate the payment Of
double salaries to a few favored en-
ployes of the Federal and District gov
ernments. a mass meeting of Govern
ment workers was told last night.
The dual-pay system was attacked
sharply by Mrs Margaret Hopkins Wor-
reI. president of the League Of Ameri-
can Civil Service. and Lewis D. Peppler,
executive secretary.
Many thousands of dollars could be
saved the taxpayers. the president and
secretary pointed out. by combining the
double pay checks now being paid to
retired military workers so they would
total the standard salaries for positions
they now hold
Mrs. Worrell called attention to the
case of William Wolfe Smith. general
counsel of the Veterans Administra-
ton. who she charged receives a
monthly total disability compensation
check of $187 and at the same time
draws $4,000 yesr for his present po-
sition. -
District Commissioner Herbert D.
Crosby, retired major eeneral Cf The
Army: Public Utilities Commissioner
Mason M. Patrick, also a retired ma jor
general. and Police Chief Pelham D.
Glassford a retired brigadier general
were named by Peppler as among
those who receive Federal pensions as
well as District Government checks.
Representative Byrns, chairman OF
the House Economy Committee consid-
ering wage cuts. declared in a letter
read to the mass meeting In the In
terror Department auditorium his op-
position to slashing salaries Of less than
$4,000 q year.
Evening star., 1932-03-22
M'ADOO ON VISIT
TO GARNER HERE;
PLEDGES BALLOTS
Continued From First Page)


California would send an instructed del
egation for him just the same"
McAdoo said he talked Government
finances with the Speaker in general
way, but did not offer any advice, nor
was any sought.
Holding a copy of the much contro-
verted tax bill, the tall Californian
smiled and said:
"As a former Secretary Of the Treas
ury, 1 don't care to talk through my
hat on 1t. I want to familiarize myself
with the details before 1 reach any con-
ciuSionS"
Discussing existing economic condi-
tions with newspaper men in the Speak
er's outer Office, McAdoo said:
Il am firmly convinced that We can't
build prosperity unless we begin build
ing at the bottom with farm products.
We have got to see that the farmer gets
a profit and prosperity then will begin
to permeate all classes"
Mr.. McAdoo arrived at Boiling Field
after a fast 17-hour flight from the
Pacific Coast by the Southern route. He
came in his fast high-wing transport
monoplane. piloted by Harry Ashe, ia
nous West Coast pilot.
With time out for speeches in Texas
and New Orleans. the trip from Los
Angeles. a distance OF 2,735 miles. was
made in II hours and l6 minutes flying
time, thought to be record for the
route flown.
Ashe said he came through the Ala
bama tornado area just in advance of
the tornado and was aided on his way
by strong tail winds blowing IN advance
Of the storm.
Evening star., 1932-03-22
FOUR FLYERS DIE
IN PLANE CRASHES
Three Military Aviators and
Mail Pilot KiIIed-Woman
Passenger Sought.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Three military flyers we're killed in
air crashes in the United States and
Canada yesterday and the body of Hal
George, Columbus Air Mail pilot, was
found in the cockpit of his wrecked
plane near Browns Island, on the Ohio
River.
DR.. Carol s. Cole, St.. Louis woman
physician, and passenger IN Georges
ship, was missing and hunt for her
was being pressed today. She was be-
lieved to nave jumped from the plane
when it encountered trouble in a sleet
storm Saturday.
Second Lieut.. r. p O'Keefe of Lang
ley Field, Va, was killed after his fast
pursuit plane collided with that of
Second Lieut.. Rowland S. Akre dur
ing maneuvers over Plum Island and
fell 5000 feet. Lieut.. Akre managed
to fly his plane over Langley Field.
although one wing had been shorn of,
and jumped safely with a parachute.
Second Lieut.. William Lamar Par
ham of Nashville, Ga, West Point
graduate of last June, fell to his death
while practicing over the Army field
at San Antonio, Tex, and one Ca
madam flyer was reported killed during
tests of a new slotted-wing biplane
over the Rockliffe Airdrome, near
Ottawa.
Evening star., 1932-03-22
DISTRICT PAROLE BOARD
BILL TO BE REPORTED
Favorable Action Taken by Sub
committee After Brief
Hearing.

A favorable report on the Black bill,
to establish a board of intermediate
sentence and parole for the District
and to determine its functions, was
ordered made to the full District Com
mittee tomorrow after brief hearing
today before the Judiciary Committee.
Among the witnesses heard were
Capt. NJ. M. Barnard, in charge Of
penal institutions in the District;
Thomas P Littlepage. vice president Of
the Washington Chamber of Com
merce, and Vernon West, assistant cor
poration counsel
These witnesses all testified this leg
islation is necessary. They pointed
out that, at present. action has to be
taken by the Federal Parole Board and
that the District Parole Board is ex-
pected In have o better understanding
Of the. dbustion and Of tns ptrsons M
yolved. fs-
Evening star., 1932-03-22
RAILWAY BLOWN Up.
IN OHIO MINE AREA
Dynamite Wrecks Track at
MiIIfieId-Martial Law
Threatened by White.

BY the Associated Press.
, ATHENS, Ohio, March 22.-Railroad
trackage on a spur leading into number
6 mine of the Sunday Greek Coal Com
pany at Millfield was blown up by a
dynamite explosion early today.
National Guard observers in the field,
where hostilities have been threatened,
said several sticks of dynamite we're
used to wreck the track which is near
bridge dynamited Sunday.
Meanwhile, other parts Of the field
remained quiet. although pickets were
continually on watch at National Guard
observers headquarters at NelsonVlle
hotel The pickets were keeping track
of every movement of the Guard
officers, and each time a party left to
make an inspection Of mine property
a group Of pickets followed them.
Cautioned by Leaders
At a mass meeting early today, a
large crowd was cautioned by leaders
against violence.
Observers were apprehensive lest the
situation get out of control despite as
surances given to Gov. George White
at Columbus yesterday by representa-
tives Of the United Mine Workers of
America that cooperation would be
given authorities in ending strike vio-
lence in the Hooking Valley coal fields
where 1000 miners are on strike.
Arriving here after conference with
the Governor, the union leaders again
cautioned the men against lawlessness
in their opposition to alleged unjust
form wage scale put into effect by the
operators.
But despite Gov. Whites threat of
martial law in the fields, a group of
men yesterday stoned several National
Guard officers sent into the region as
observers.
The tMillfleld mine, where Sunday
morning the bridge trestle was dyna-
mited, remained closed today.
White Calls Cabinet.
Last night at Columbus, Gov. White
called meeting of his cabinet to con-
fer on the, strike situation and hear the
report of Adjt. Gen. Frank D. Hen
derson.
4, Spreading of the strike to the Cam
bridge coal fields was predicted by
United Mine Workers representatives,
who admitted to the Governor that
they were fostering the strike against
the wage program.
81, Meanwhile, National Guard units re-
manned ready for instant mobilization
after the Governor said he was in
formed by local authorities that they
could not handle the situation in event
of further outbreaks.