davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1932-06-10
Rowan County Ranks 18th In Crop Acreage
CHICKENS NEED GREEN FEED
FOR HEAVY EGG PRODUCTION

the yolks of eggs laid by hens that are
receiving green feed as a supplement
are darker and occasional objection is
made to this celebration. 1t is probable
that the food value is increased Faith
er han decreased by such feeding.
The vitamin. content varies with
different sources of green feed. Le-
gumes such as alfalfa and the clovers
are considered more valuable from a
feeding standpoint, but rye grass and
Kentucky blue grass are more :eadily
eaten by the birds than the legumes.
Vitamines are essential in profitable
poultry production and if supplied in
green feed, the poultryman is not only
supplying the vitamin content, but is
feeding a bulky feed which may be in
strumental in correcting certain types
of intestinal disturbances.
The laxative effect that green feed
has on the laying hen aids in keeping
the bird in tip-top condition. In case
green feed is not supplied, hens should
be given EPSON salts once a month at
the rate of one pound of salts to 400
pounds Of chickens.
Climatic conditions are such in
North Carolina and especially so in
Davidson county that there is no ex-
cuse for the failure of the poultrvmen
to supply green feed for the greater
part of the year. Such feeds may be
provided by using the triple yarding
system. One yard is seeded to a per-
manent pasture, the other W. yards
are seeded to temporary pastures. For
permanent crop alfalfa and the ~clovers
are excellent and for temporary graz
ing, rye grass or rape, as both make
rapid growth and are liked very much
by the hens.
When weather conditions get bad
and the birds cannot be turned out
to Craze the p%oultryman should cut
green feed and carry it to the birds
at the rate of four or five pounds per
hundred birds.
Baby chicks need green feed and
direct sunlight to insure them Of the
vitamins that are in both and needed
by the chicks. If chicks do not have
access to direct sunlight and plenty
of green feed, add n pint Of cod
liver oil per 100 pounds of mash.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1932-06-10

enj Joys preparing American dishes as
we'll as his favorite sauerkraut favored
with white wine. American cooking is
very good, he is convinced, but Just
too plain. It is his belief that food
should be so seasoned in the cooking
that it does not require the seasonings
and condiments SO often used by Amer
leans at the table.
A "cafe parfait" favored with fresh
dated coffee will add a little foreign
zest to a meal or is excellent for an
afternoon tea. This is n of his IA
vorite recipes.
Coffee Parfait
| quart of milk
| cup of sugar
6 eggs
l cup very strong coffee
To the beaten yolks of six eggs and
n cup of sugar, mixed together
thoroughly, add one cup of very Strong
dated coffee. To this add one quart Of
boiling milk and allow the mixture
to cool. 1t should then be frozen to a
very soft consistency. To this is added.
mixing well, one pint of whipped
cream. 1t should be served in tail
glasses topped with whipped cream
and each garnished with a cherry.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1932-06-10
By CALEB JOHNSON

Everybody in America is concerned
IN one way or another with the stu
alton of the railroads. Daniet Willard,
president of the Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad, as chairman of the presi-
dents committee of nine on railroad
reorganization, has proposed to the
railway unions that they accept a re-
duction of ten percent in wages.
The proposal for a wage reduction,
which would cut the railroads ope-
rating expenses by about $21o,ooo,ooo
a. year, is the last effort of the rail
roads to keep out of bankruptcy and
to reduce their costs to a point COM
mensurate with the falling off in bus
mess and income. Railroad earnings in
1881 were a third less than they were
in 1929, and in the case of II Of the
railroads the revenue, after paying ope-
rating costs, was not sufficient t pay
the interest on their bonds.
These fixed charges, consisting of
interest on money borrowed from the
public with which to build, equip and
extend railroad lines, must be paid, or
the roads have no chance but to go
into the hands of receivers. And the
first point at which the financial po-
sition of the railroads touches every
body is this matter of interest on rail-
road bonds.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1932-06-10

WHAT do people eat at sea on
w board a great transatlantic
liner? They eat the same food they do
on land, says Karl Wagner, chief cook
Of the North German Lloyd steamship,
Europa" but they eat more. There
is no dish one may have on shore that
Herr Wagner cannot serve from one
of his six great kitchens aboard the
worlds fastest ship, and passengers
generally order everything on the
menu, from caviar to minis.
Karl Wagner is a tall, k~een-looking
German, who was born in Bremen and
learned the art of cookery with a
thoroughness that brought him the
position of chef in the Central Hotel,
Berlin, and Hillman's Hotel in
Bremen. He has prepared banquets for
Kaiser Wilhelm and the German
Crown Prince, who were always ready
to eat whatever served.
The enormous kitchens of which he
is master on board the Europa" are
entirely electric and can serve more
than 1000 persons at a time. They
are Immediately clean and amazingly
efficient.
Herr Wagner likes his work and
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1932-06-10
STATE AVERAGE IS
22.l ACRES FOR
ALL FARM OWNERS
Census Reveals That Ten
ants Haze Slight Edge
Over OpVmers In CROP
Averages.

Rowan county ranks 18th among
the counties of the state in crop acre
ages per farm. Farm owners in this
county average cultivating 29.4 acres,
while tenants cultivate 1913. The av-
erage person would probably think
that the amount of land cultivated
by farm owners would average great
er than the amount cultivated by
farm tenants. The fact is, as reveal
ed by the 1880 census, there is al
most no difference in the cultivated
acreages of tenants and owners.
The average for the safe is 2o.1
acres of land in harvested crops for
full farm owners, and 20.3 acres for
all tenants. In other words the ten
ants has a slight edge over the owner
in the average mou of land in crops.
1t is an almost invariable rule that
where owner farms are large, tenant
farms also are large, and vice versa.
Camden leads in crop acreage per
farm owner, and is second in crop
acreage per tenant. The upper Abe
marie counties have the largest cult
waited farms in the state, owners and
tenants. The mountain counties are
inhabited mainly by farmers who own
their farms. The size of the cultivated
part of the average mountain farm is
very small, for both owners and the
few tenants. The mountain counties
have considerable pasture land, i'm
proved and unimproved. This added
to the crop land makes farms some
what larger, but still relatively small.
There are only a dozen counties
where the average farmer cultivates
more than thirty acres of land. In
about %one-fourth of the counties the
average farmer cultivates less than fiji
teen acres of land. In about one-half
the counties the average farmer cult
Yates from fifteen to twenty-five
acres. In no county is there much DIFF
ference in h amount of land cult
waited by the average owner and the
average tenant.
There are some large farms in every
county. There is no county, however,
where the average of cultivated acres
per farm is sufficient to give a farm
income large enough to afford a fairly
adequate standard of living.
The small farm well cultivated is
a fine thing to advocate, but it must
be well cultivated to afford a fair
living. A moderately large farm well
cultivated affords a higher standard
of living and is preferable when there
is sufficient land to allow it. In view
of the fact that only one-fifth of u
land area is in crops, it would seem
that the crop acreage per farm might
be increased to advantage. s.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1932-06-10
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
ANSWERS BELOW

If introduced to the same per-
son for the second time, what should
one say?
2-Is it still customary for a man
to offer an apology for the glove
when shaking hands with a woman?
3-In expensive dining rooms, tc
what does the ten per cent tipping
rule apply?
As punctuation at the ends of
the lines correct in addressing en-
velopes?
5-FIow should coffee spoons be
distributed?
eff a stranger says he remem-
bers meeting you at another time,
what should one do?
Must a woman remove her
wraps when making a social call?
S-If a woman is given a corsage
bouquet at a formal dinner, should
she pin it on Immediately or wait I'M
til after dinner?
9-What two things are necessary
in making a child well-mannered and
potter
1o-Is it permissible for one to
pick up a dropped fork or knife if
there is only n servant, or if ones
hostess is serving?
11-What is the proper dress for
a man attending the opera, or an
evening wedding?
12-What should promptly be sent
upon receiving IN announcement Of
a BIRTH?
13-Is it ever permissible for a
letter that is addressed to a business
firm?
14-Does one place a knife for an
entree when setting the table?
15-What is the conversation based
upon that always pleases and enter
tains?
16-What interruptions in CONVEX
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1932-06-10

sation are very discourreous and an
noying?
17-When one has received a writ
ten invitation, may he send regrets
on his visiting card?
+ 18-When are crackers passed at
the table?
ANSWERS
Mod and say courteously, "Yes
I've had the pleasure" =
2-No, it is entirely unnecessary.
3-To bills over 50.
At may be used,, but it is bet
ter form to omit it entirely.
5-They should be placed on the
saucers when the coffee is served.
6-Try to recall it and if you can't,
be tactful in regretting that you can
not remember the occasion.
mo-, it is not necessary.
S-She should pin it on immediate
ly.
9-Patience and perseverance.
10-Yes, and without showing any
embarrassment.
11-Full dress is required.
PA note of co~ngratulation and
feliciation.
13-Never.
Alt is seldom needed and never
included in the silver unless required.
~15-It is based upon equality, top
ices of mutual interest,"
16-Monotonous repetitions> such
as "You don't say SOL" Really" or
"My, my!"
17-No; a written invitation calls
for a written note. .
1S-With oyster stew and with
salad.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1932-06-10
(BY CHARLES D. RAPER)

The value of green feed as a sup
plement for poultry is underestimated
by a large number Of North Carolina
poultrymen. Grazing crops for poul-
try are undoubtedly the most profit
able feeds used, inasmuch as they cut
down the consumption of mash and
grain and form the most economical
portion of the birds ration.
Green feeds are used principally for
their mineral and vitamin contents as
we'll as for laxative effects. Expert
ments show that laying hens having
access to all the green feed they will
consume, lay eggs with a more uni
form shell texture than birds that are
deprived of this supplement that is SO
much relished by poultry. AS a rule
terstate Commerce law t step in and
take from the railroads all their earn
ings above hat limited rate of divi-
dends. All other industries are permit
ted to build up reserves which they
can draw on freely when necessary.
No railroad can borrow a dollar with
out first getting the consent of the
Interstate Commerce Commission.
These governmental regulations fire.
quently put railroad owners in a po-
sition where they have to choose be-
tween low rates and good service. Since
they cannot raise the rates they have
to reduce the quality of the service OF
go into bankruptcy.
The proposal to reduce railroad
wages is only one of many measures
which the railroads are trying to put
into force in the effort to continue tt
give service and keep out of bank
ruptcy. Some of the roads, of course
are a great deal worse off than others
but all of them are in serious Difficult
ties and, as I pointed out, their trou.
bles react directly upon almost every
body in the country. Railroad receiv-
erships would mean, beyond doubt, thu
dismissal of many more men from
railroad service and would add to tn
burden of unemployment. Economic
conditions generally are such today
that practically everybody has .te
choose between getting less money fo1
his work or getting no money at al
Losing his job.
The brightest ray of hope in the
whole situation of the railroads is the
authority given to the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation to come to the
assistance of railroads which are in diff
ficulties by taking over their matur-
ing obligations which they would 9th
erwise be unable to meet and so Civ
ing them a chance to keep everything
rolling on schedule.
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1932-06-10
Keep The Railroads Moving

| and the railroads almost alone, that tie
the United States together into a ma
ton, that make the free and rapid ex-
change of commodities possible over
the largest area in the world within
which trade is absolutely free, without
taxes or duties between the states. The
history of the development of Ameri-
can industry and business is the his
tory of the development of rail com
munication. Once let the railroads get
into a position where they cannot
promptly and completely supply the
demand for transportation, as that de-
mand increases, chen all business is
slowed down. The motor truck, COM
peting over good roads with the rail-
road on short hauls and providing door
to door delivery has unquestionably cut
into railroad earnings in many classes
of freight, and those the classes on
which the rate is highest. But the mo-
tor truck has not replaced, and can
never replace, the railroad on long dis
lance haulage for the transportation
of such basic raw materials as coal,
steel, lumber, grain and the hundreds
of other kinds Of low grade bulk
freight.
The difficulties of the railroads are,
to be sure, in large part, of their own
making. But the highhanded and over
bearing policies which led many years
ago to the regulation of the railroads
through the creation of the Interstate
Commerce Commission, are dead and
gone history. Every fair-minded per-
son familiar with railroading agrees
that there is a much better spirit in
railroad managing today than existed
at the tine when their control by the
government was a major item Of po-
litical agitation. There is still an active
sentiment, to be sure, in favor of gov
eminent ownership, if not govern
ment operation, of railroads. We had
an experience with government con
troll and operation of railroads during
the war, and for a short time there
after, which is not looked back upon
with any great satisfaction by any
body.
And a good deal of the railroads
present financial difficulties can TN
doubtsdly be laid at the door of gov
ernmental regulation. In good times,
when the railroads are earning large
profits, they are not permitted under
the Interstate Commerce law to retain
those profits and build up a reserve
fund to use in paying for repairs,
maintenance and interest in hard times.
Railroad rates are regulated by law
the amount that may be charged for
the transportation of freight and pas
sengers. If the earnings run above five
and three-quarter percent a year on
the stock, they are required either to
reduce rates OF to get rid of the sur
plus earnings by redeeming their
bonds, or otherwise taking the money
out of the railroad treasury. The gov
eminent has the right under the In
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1932-06-10

Comparatively few individuals own
railroad bonds or are dependent upon
them for direct income; but more than
three thousahd miilion dollars of rail-
road bonds are owned by the insurance
companies, who are in turn responsible
to more than fifty million policy hold
ers, whose money they have invested.
Insurance companies are allowed by
law to invest the money they receive
as premiums only in certain types of
sound securities. Railroad bonds, in
normal times, are regarded as next to
the U. S. Government bonds and first
mortgages on improved real estate in
the matter of security. But if a stu
alton should develop, as it has been
rapidly developing in the past year, in
which the railroads could not continue
to pay the interest on these bonds, and
the market value of the bonds should
decline to a point where they could
not be realized upon except at a ter
rifle loss to the insurance companies,
there undoubtedly would arise a sit
uation in which the companies could
not promptly pay claims under insur-
ance policies.
1t is easy to see, therefore, that I'M
less the railroads are enabled by one
means or another, or a combination of
methods, to continue to pay interest
on their bonded debts, very widespread
financial distress and disaster, affect
ing probably more than half of all the
people in the United States, would fol-
low.
The mutual savings banks are in
much the same position that the in
surance companies are. They own
among them one billion seven hundred
million dollars of railroad bonds, in
which they have invested a consider
able part of the savings of twelve and
one-half million depositors. Because so
many of the railroads whose bonds are
held by savings banks in New York
State failed to earn their interest in
1881, the New York Legislature rec
emily passed a special act for the re-
lief of savings banks, permitting them
to hold bonds on which the interest
was not earned last year. Otherwise,
they would have been compelled to sell
these bonds at their present low mar
ket price, at a heavy loss t their de-
positors.
And what I have just set down is
only of the angles of the import
ance to the whole people of putting
the railroads in a position where they
can continue to function and to earn
at least the interest on their debts. 1t
is of secondary Importance for them
to earn dividends on their shares. 1t
is of the highest importance, however,
that the railroads should be able to
maintain their rights of way, rolling
stock and motive power in first rate
condition. For, regardless of whether
one approves of some of the methods
and policies that have prevailed in rail
road management, it is the railroads,
Carolina watchman. [volume] (Salisbury, N.C.) 1871-1937, 1932-06-10
Belgian King Poses
For French Painter

Paris-King Albert of Belgium has
just posed for the finishing touches
of a life-size portrait of himself paint
ed by the artist, Emile Baes, destined
for the MUSE de rArmee of Paris.
The portrait was called 'LeRoi a
1'Yser"
The Nome nugget., 1932-10-22
ENGLISH CAPITAL. PROBABLY TAKE OVER MINING PROPERTY
 NOME RIVER VALLEY

Baron P. M. de Friedlander, internationally known mining en- gineer. who spent two seasons in and about Nome, has arranged for the taking over of the Watson patented mining property extend ing from Banner creek to McDon. aid creek in the Nome river valley. this with options on another track of mining ground extending from give him one of the largest areas of dredge mining ground in one continuous block ever gathered to- gether in this section-
 The Baron will be an outgoing passenger on the Victoria to Seat tie. He will immediately leave for London and following his business arrangements there will return to the United States. thence back to Nome in January via plane, accompanied by engineers. The Baron stated he expects to get busy developing the property as soon as possible, and will. no doubt have drills al work shortly after his arrival here proving the ground and asceraining depth as well as values.
 There are many gold bearing creeks flowing int Nome river which yielded considerable gold by the pick and shovel method years ago and still producing in d small way. the owners have for years held on to their property knowing full well that some day the right man would come along to work the whole section or valley ou a gigantic scale. which they as in. dividual miners were unable to accomplish. Thus Nome is nearing the time when another large and active mining concern will take hold of the opportunity to recover the wealth which lays hidden in mother earth.
The Nome nugget., 1932-10-22
Large shipment Herring

The Golovin Bay Packing Com pany Jack H Young, manager, re- ports that the first catch of her ring was September 2Sth and was unusually late this season. $50 barrels of the finest herring in the world is now aboard the steamer Victoria enroute to Seattle. MT. Young stated that this year the quality is excellent. A quantity of smoked and kippered herring is also being shipped as well as quantity of pickled spiced herring.
 Joe Dexter shipped on the Vic about 125 barrels of choice herring. A Conrad is also making a ship ment of herring to Seattle on the steamer Baldwin.
 The fishing season, though short gave employment to about 50 per sons.
The Nome nugget., 1932-10-22
NOME SECTION

The Hammon Consolidated Gold Fields, the largest mining concern on the Seward Peninsula, operat ed three mammoth electric gold dredges and several hydraulic lifts throughout the season successfully, in fact the gold output this year CT the preceding year. The com pany maintains three extensive ditch systems which convey ample water during wet seasons to care for all work undertaken. This fall a quantity of pipe of different measurements which has been us- ed for cold water thawing at Nome is being shipped to Fairbanks where it will be made use of by the Fairbanks Exploration Com papy. another subsidiary of the U. s. Smelling and Mining Co. of Boston. The Hammond Company still maintains several miles of piping to care for it's needs of cold water thawing, hydraulicing and other purposes in this section. As this paper goes to press two dredges are still digging away, re- covering the yellow metal from natures storehouse, while practi- cally all other mining operations have suspended for the season, due to the close of navigation and cold weather.
The Nome nugget., 1932-10-22
REPLIES TO ATTACKS

NEW YORK. Oct. 22. (P- Replying to republican attacks, Garner charged the Hoover ad- ministration with coucealing the true financial condition of the country during the crisis. He de- clared the greatest need to the U s now is "a budget balanced by careful economy and a scientific revenue. We have at this moment every element to promote prosper ity, xcept one, and that one thing is confidence in our credit. I say that the moment the budget is balanced money will flow here from all over the world, especial ly from the domestic boards seek ing> employment The record will show that during the recent bud get balancing efforts, the admin stration was either hopelessly at sea as to the actual treasury sit uatio l for the fast two ;ears, oc else they deliberately concealed the true state of affairs"