davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-10-14
Germs of Wilt Disease
Spread by Cultivation

Wilt is bacterial root disease that
first appears in spots throughout the
alfalfa field after the stand is two or
three years old. 1t is seldom noticed
in year-old fields, though, of course,
it must be present if it appears later
on. The more rapid spread of the dis
ease after cultivation is because the
roots of the crop are more or less in
jured by the cultivator, which gives
the bacteria, the cause of the wilt, a
chance to infect the root tissues. The
germs are also carried over the field
by the harrow, thus helping its spread.
When no wilt is present in an al
falfa field, cultivation, Of course, can
not scatter any disease germs, and,
therefore, no damage can result from
cultivation. When wilt is present,
however, it is probably better to omit
cultivation altogether, for any reason
able number of weeds will do less
harm than general infection of wilt
disease germs.-Wallace's Farmer.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-10-14
Give Results Of
Studies Of Wheat
Kansas Investigators Tell OF
Fourteen Years
Experiments.

Studies of crosses between wheat
varieties which are resistant and sus-
ceptible to ravages Of insects and dis
eases show that resistance to Hessian
fly is an Unbeatable character which
can be combined with other charac-
tiers, such as bread-makings quality,
stiff straw, winter hardness, and other
desirable qualities. The basis OF fly
resistance is related to the cell sap
rather than to any easily noted struc-
tural characters Of the wheat plant,
John Fl. Parker and R. 81. Painter OF
the Kansas agricultural experiment
station reported to the sixth interna-
tional conference Of genetics at Cor
nell university.
Parker and Painter reported that
they continued experiments started in
1918 by McColloch and Salmon which
showed that nlini Chief, a soft red
winter wheat, was highly resistant to
Hessian fly, and that Red Winter 2132
was more resistant than the two wide
~ grown wheats, Turkey and Khafkov.
More than 400 varieties, selections,
and crosses have been tested in spe-
cial fly nurseries and in the green
house. They were divided into resist
ant, tolerant, and susceptible, and COM
pared with Kanred, susceptible va
riety. Two varieties had no Hessian
fly, compared with Al and A per cent
infestation for Kanred; two other va
rieties had eight-tenths of per cent
infestation compared with 4S and A
per cent for Kanred. Some Of the
susceptible varieties had from SO to
65 per cent infestation Of the Hessian
fly.
Parker and Painter predict that CO.
operation between plant breeders and
entomologists in the next decade
promises much in the use of resistant
varieties located or obtained by care
full variety testing, introduction, selec-
ton and crossing.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-10-14
Every Kind Of Soil
Benefits by Manure
University Bulletin Tells
How to Apply It.

The popular notion that it is not
good practice to manure dark-colored
soils is false; it Is a good practice, al
though relatively light doses suffice.
Although most soils profit from gen.
erous manuring, light doses excel
heavy applications in crop returns per
ton of manure, says a bulletin issued
by Ohio State university, management
Of Manure in Barn and Field" In an
Ohio test 100 tons used at q four-ton
rate on NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
returned 500 more net profit than
when spread at double this rate.
Frequent small doses are more eff
ficient than single large application,
particularly on sandy soils. This plan,
says the bulletin, avoids waste by
teaching.
Even muck soils, which consist
largely Of vegetable substances, bene-
fit from manuring, because such soils
are lacking in mineral nutrients and
decay organisms which are contained
in manure.
The bulletin may be secured free as
long as the supply lasts. The bulletin
takes up all phases Of the management
of this farm by-product, half of whose
wealth never reaches the field, owing
to improper handling.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-10-14
Agricultural Squibs

Corn fodder can be put into the silo
at any time of the year.
Small fruits like cherries, strawber-
ries and raspberries are being grown
successfully on the high-altitude farm.
Great numbers of potato flea beetles
may be killed by piling potato vines
at harvest time and burning them.
Liquid sprays have been more eff.
fective in controlling apple scab and
codfing moth than were the dust
treatments, over five-year period.
The county agricultural extension
service helps the farmer to do in an
organized way with others that which
he is unable to do working alone.
Next years asparagus crop will be
improved If nitrate fertilizer is ap.
piled at the rate of about 400 pounds
to the acre after this years cutting
season Is past.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-10-14

MUST NOT MARKET
BROHER TOO SOON
Error That Is Often Made
by Breeders.

Opinions differ as to the best time
to send the broiler to market. Cir
cumstances also differ, and isolated
cases of good fortune in making sales
cannot be taken as a sure guide for
all conditions MANY growers" says
dealer, 'have failed to make money
on broilers because they sold them
too soon. A squad ,broiler at one and
one half pounds is usually too small
to show a profit. He has cost too
much up to that point. The next half
pound often represents the profit.
There have been two difficulties in
doubling the one and half pounds
broiler into a three-pounder; first.
holding them that long; second, q mar
ket that will take them. Both diff
culties are being overcome"
In New Jersey, a practice Is now de-
veloping which is to take the broilers
out of the batteries or from under the
stoves, and place them in outdoor
feeding coops with Slated fronts and
Slated bottoms, where they can be
grown successfully to twelve or thir-
teen weeks of age, and to weights Of
three to three and a half pounds.
Some buyers in the East already ia
vor these larger weights, and there is
good reason to believe that this at
titude will develop further. At the re-
cent 'Fact Finding Conference" Of
the American poultry industries, held
in Chicago, w. F. Priebe, one Of the
largest poultry and egg buyers in the
West, said that "a three-pound chick
en- may be worth as much per pound
as a two-pound chicken" Mr.. Priebe
thereupon warned farmers in the
Middle West to keep away from little
broilers, saying:
sour hotels have discovered that
the breast Of three-pound chicken
gives more satisfaction than one
and a half-pound broiler. One reason
is the price; the other is their Gus
toners. Now, the larger the bird, the
more money you make. You are los
ing up to certain weight of bird. My
advice to you is to have your bird
grow to at least three pounds-up to
three, four and five pounds, and you
will make more money.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-10-14
Small Turkeys Sell Best

Turkeys have come within the mod
ern trend toward smaller units. Where
as buyers formerly demanded big
birds, such as heavy toms, and hens
sold at a discount, the demand now
is for birds that weigh eight to ten
pounds, dressed. This year smaller
birds brought three to four cent
premium over the heavy birds, states
Fl. L. Shrader, United States Depart
ment of Agriculture poultryman. This
same trend has been noted in the de-
mand for lighter cuts of other meats.
Smaller family dinners likely accounts
for the change In holiday Demands
Prairie Farmer.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-10-14
Self-Feeders for HOGS

Self-feeding has proved to be one
of the best methods for growing and
fattening pigs, because there is econ
omy Of feed, time and labor. In rig
ging up self-feeder, provide protec-
ton from wind and rain. a construc-
ton that will insure constant feeding,
an adjustable throat for various feeds
to prevent waste, and a capacity large
enough to hold several days feed.
Ordinarily. five spaces of 16 inches
each will handle thirty pigs. or ten
spaces of 16 inches each will handle
about eighty pigs. If you wish to
build feeders yourself, building plans
may be secured by writing to your
state experiment station or to the
United States Department of Agricul-
ture, Washington, D. G.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-10-14
Spray Results

In So counties of Pennsylvania.
5,57S fruit growers last year received
information on methods of protecting
their apples from the ravages of dis
eases. In 43O orchards where spray
recommendations were followed COM
plerely. there was only 2.46 per cent
disease; in $40 improperly sprayed Or
chards there was 1858 per cent dis
eased fruit, and in ITO unsprayed or
chards visited, S0.2 per cent of the
apples were scabby. In the improp.
erly sprayed orchards, omission of
sprays caused 1862 per cent disease,
use of substitute materials caused IL
per cent disease and poor timing re-
suited in 2S.5 per cent disease.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-10-14
Uses of Roughages

Feed Commissioner p. R. Schmidt
of the Missouri state board of agri-
culture quotes Henry and Morrison,
defining roughage as ''The coarser
feeding stuffs which are higher in
fiber and supply a lower percentage
of digestible matter than the concen-
trates."
A certain few feeding stuffs, such
as screenings, are usually called
roughages, but some of them are &C
tually concentrates. Roughages have
different uses-to carry livestock
through winter, to feed idle animals,
also those not expected to produce
or put on fat, to supply carbohy-
drates in a ration, and to tighten
or add bulk to a feed when mixed.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-10-14
Time to Grow Alfalfa

The best times to sow alfalfa as a
rule are early in spring and early in
fall. The special point is to give the
young plants chance to start without
the handicap of the sunshine of mid
summer. How alfalfa will come
through such period depends very
largely on what the weather is. If
the summer chances to be fairly
cloudy, that is with no long pc
RODS of blazing sunshine all day and
drying winds, then the spring sown
certainly have better chance, but if
the alfalfa is sown in late summer
and the fall is fairly favorable it will
come on. Many favor spring, fitting
the land as well as possible and SOW
ing as early as 1t can be worked so
that the plants may get good start
before midsummer. = Rural New
Yorker.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-10-14
Placing Brooder House

The brooder house should be placed
on a part of the farm land which has
been sown with alfalfa and where no
poultry was raised for two or three
years. If breeding is done early in the
spring, 1t is good custom to make
platform in front Of the colony. SO
that the chicks may get the direct
rays from the sun. This platform
should be surrounded with wire trellis
until such time as the chickens are
old enough to be allowed a free
range.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-10-14

AC sAAhiAStCAAJs mas
large following among the Iowa Re-
publicans, especially in the rural dis
tricts. The Democrats had expected
that Brookhart would follow the ex-
ample Of his brother progressive Re-
publican, Senator George w. Norris
Of Nebraska. and come out fatty for
Franklin D. Roosevelt for President.
TOUETT SHOUSE, former execu-
y tive chairman of the Democratic
national committee, gave the Califor-
MIA Democrats shock by the an
nouncement that Association Against
the Prohibition Amendment, of which
he is president, would support Tallant
Tubbs, Republican nominee for sena-
tor from that state, rather than vii.
liam G. McAdoo, the Democratic
choice. Shouse said that McAdoo had
not made his position clear on the
prohibition question. He stated also
that the association feared the cause
of prohibition repeal might be re-
tarded or embarrassed by the cleo
ton of McAdoo. It therefore urged,
he said, that California advocates of
prohibition repeal vote for Tubbs.
EOES of President Machado Of Cuba
l reopened their campaign of assas-
sination, their victim being DIR.
Clemente Bello. president of the SEN
ate. leader Of the Liberal party and
the man slated to succeed Machado at
the head Of the government. Seven
men in an automobile fired five vol
leys from a machine gun at Bello
as he was leaving his home. and he
was struck and killed by eleven bull
let's. His chauffeur also was MORALLY
wounded. Within few hours alleged
government agents had retaliated by
Staying three prominent oppositionists,
DIR. Ricardo Arrange. and Representa-
tive Gonzalo de Andrade and his two
brothers. A fourth leader Of the Con.
servatives. DR.. Miguel Aguilar, was
fatally wounded.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-10-14


to take part in the sessions Of the
disarmament conference effectually
stopped up that august international
body for the time being. The steer
ing committee in a quarrelsome secret
meeting considered the demand Of Ar
thur Henderson for immediate con-
vocation of the general conference
and then announced it had adjourned
until October 10.
M MOCRATS now are in control
- Of the United States senate, out
numbering the Republicans by one.
This comes about through the APP
pointment of Walter Walker by Gov.
William 81. Adams of Colorado to fill
the vacancy caused by the death of
Senator Charles w. Waterman. So
the upper house now has 4S Demo-
Gratis. AZ Republicans and one Farm
er-Laborite. There was uncertainty
as to whether the new man would
serve in the lame duck session of
congress or only until a successor to
Waterman is elected November s.
DOTH the Republicans and the
- Democrats professed to have high
hopes of carrying Iowa in the Presi-
Dental election, but their claims are
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-10-14
Plant Food Needed

Plants must have food and plenty
of it if they are to grow well and fast,
and while commercial fertilizers do
not add humus to the soil, they are of
great value because of their readily
available plant food content, which
makes them particularly useful for the
garden. The typical garden soil rea-
sonably well supplied with humus but
for which no manure may be avail
able. will be much benefited by the
application Of 5-10-5 fertilizer, ton
to the acre being the generally recon-
mended quantity for garden soil. or
pound to each 20 feet of garden area.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-10-14

Stqte, was In the
cHair as president of
the league council.
and he took the op-
portunity to tell what
he thought of the
league and its fail
ures- He spoke with
out restraint, telling
his gloomy hearers
that the league had
lost the worlds con-
fidence because it had
not boldly tackled the
major problems that
came before Il, nota-
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-10-14
Turkey Ration

Turkeys will readily adapt them
selves to feeding methods during the
winter and the use Of a ration of
mixed grains, accompanied by mash
mixture Similar to the ordinary hen
egg laying mash, should be supplied
to them early enough to induce an.
early start in production if the de-
sired early Matched poults are to be
had. Starting the mash January / or
soon afterward, should start egg pro
duction not later than the latter part.
of March.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-10-14

unsettled Dy the IN
nouncement of Sena-
tor Smith w. Brook
hart that he will be
in the race for the
senate as the nomi-
nee Of the "progres-
sive" party. expecting
to draw support from
both the major par
ties. His d e CT 0 n
came { three months
after his defeat in
the Republican pri-
mary by Henry Field.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-10-14
Fighting Pests

Rats and mice are an ever-present
source of loss and annoyance to farm
ers who store grain. Now is a good
time to clean out the granaries and
get them ready for the new crop. Be
sure the holes are all plugged, and if
rodents have been cause of heavy loss,
line the bins with A-inch or 1a-inch
hardware cloth. The mice cannot chew
through it. Careful cleaning of. the
bins will destroy weevil or other pests
that might be harboring there.-Prairie
Farmer.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-10-14

mendationS for RELIEF
and betterment az
may appear wise to
them. The commits
sion is sponsored BY
the National Associ.
a tion Of M u t ua !
Banks, and the an-
nouncement Of its
creation was made by
Walter Bennett, New
York banker, on be-
half Of the associa-
ton. Calvin Coolidge
former President, Is
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-10-14

II OW to arrange the financing by
\ the Reconstruction Finance cor
poration of the sale Of l5.OO0.OOO or
more bushels Of northwestern wheat
to China has been taking the atten-
ton of President Hoover and the In
terested federal agencies. Negotia-
tons have been opened with China
and though the final arrangements
had not been made, 1t was said in
Shanghai that the deal was practical
ly assured. It involves about $4,000.
600 in gold. $
The grain involved In the proposal
would come from producers Of the
Northwest on whom shipping costs
have borne heavily. The relief act
authorized the Reconstruction FL
nance corporation to make loans for
financing foreign sales Of surplus ag-
ricultural products where they can
not be financed in the normal course
Of commerce" and where they will
not 'affect adversely the world mar
kets for such products"
GORGE WASHINGTONS famous
" trowel is being put to use quite
often these days. The latest occasion
was the laying of the cornerstone Of
the new S1OO00.000 post Office build
ing on Pennsylvania avenue. With
Mrs. Hoover an interested spectator
and hundreds Of others gathered
about, Mr.. Hoover welded the tool
that the Father Of his Country used
in laying the cornerstone of the Cap
itol in 1893. He slapped on the NOR
tar and the stone was swung into
place, n real mason tested the block
with his level and pronounced 1t truly
laid. Postmaster General Brown told
the crowd that the day was the one
hundred and forty-third anniversary
of the founding of the postal service,
Senator Smcot spoke briefly, and the
President then delivered an address
dwelling on the function Of the postal
service in the making Of the nation.
1--WE eminent citizens have agreed
I to act as a commission which will
survey the transportation situation in
this country and report such recon-
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-10-14

q I s c u s 3 o u OF the
leagues commission
on Manehuria already
had been postponed
for at least two
weeks at the behest
of Japan, and the
statesmen were not
agreed even upon the
establishment of dis
armament, financial
and economic COM
missions.
To make matters
worse, the steadfast
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-10-14

Rico as It did In 1928,
leaving a terrible
trail Of death and de-
struction. For hours
the hurricane ragged,
tearing down build
ings. running the cof-
fee and fruit crops
and killing and main1-
ing the people of the
unhappy island. Gov.
James r. Beverley
thought the dead
would number well
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-10-14

nee again the storm Of San
~ Eusepio" came out Of the south
ern Atlantic ocean on the feast day
Of that saint and swept across Porto
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-10-14


over two b u d r d
and the injured more than thousand.
The property damage has not been
estimated but it certainly will run
into many millions of dollars. Broken
communication lines and roads
blocked by debris made the gathering
of accurate information slow. Before
reaching Porto Rico the storm struck
the Virgin islands, killing is persons.
sinking many vessels and wrecking
buildings. Later it hit Haiti and
Santo Domingo.
Most of the fatalities in Porto Rico
were in the country districts, for the
authorities Of San Juan. forewarned.
placed many hundreds of the resi-
dents in the solidly built schools and
churches. The property losses in the
city, however. were heavy, especially
on the ocean front.
Governor Beverley was prompt in
starting relief machinery. He formed
an emergency committee and placed
ample insular funds in its hands. By
his order the police impressed into
service prisoners in all the jails, let
ting them work without guards at
clearing the roads and streets and
reopening communication facilities.
The governor of course reported the
conditions Immediately to Washing
ton and the Red Cross ordered its
chief supply officer to the island and
sent a destroyer with medical sup
plies. S
n NAHATAfA GANDHPS "fast unto
AVA death" won a striking victory
for the little old Hindu holy man. for
the caste Hindus and the untOuch-
ables. hurrying 10 save his life, agreed
upon compromise electoral plan
that was fairly satisfactory to Gaad-
hi. 1t was hastily accepted by Prime
Minister Macdonald and the British
cabinet. and thereupon the mahatma
broke his fast with few sips of
lime concoction. For more than six
days he had partaken of nothing but
water with salt or soda in it, and the
physicians at Yeravda jail said he
could not have survived much longer.
The compromise plan provides that
14S seats in provincial legislatures be
held by the depressed classes and
that a percentage of seats In the Gen.
trail legislature be reserved for them.
1t also provides system of primary
elections. These special features are
to end after ten years.
In accepting this plan, the British
government pointed out that some de-
tails still remained under considera-
ton. The official statement said this
did not imply opposition by the gov
eminent.
Gandhi. though born a caste Hindu,
has been making his fight for the de-
pressed classes. and 1t is possible
that his victory may lead to revolu-
tionary changes In their treatment.
However, some authorities declare
that the gulf between the four castles
and the untcuchables is of too many
generations standing to be wiped
out in a day or two. even by the
ukase of. religious, leaders.
MAYHEM the League Of Nations as
w sembly opened its thirteenth an
nual session in Geneva, canon de
Valera. President Of the Irish Free