davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1932-02-21
German Situation Grave
Both French

when their terms for an understanding
with us will become acceptable"
On the other hand. the pondereo
opinion of a highly placed French ON
cial is that within three to six months
the situation of Germany will be so
catastrophe that the Germans Will be
happy to come to terms with us as the
price Of that aid which alone can save
their country from complete ruin.
Question Of Nerves.
Both sides obviously want an under
standing. The situation is fantastic,
terrible and slightly comic. Imagine
burning city. The owners OF the two
most important blocks of buildings are
at fued. Instead of turning to putting
out the fire. they refuse to cooperate:
Each of them spies over the fence OF
his neighbor's property, avidly calculat-
ing just when the flames will burst
from the others window, and fear Will
drive him to cry for aid. The fire in
his own house is meanwhile forgotten
Or imagine two sick men avidly
scanning each others face for symptoms
Of advancing disease, the while ignoring
his own fever.
Obviously it Is q question Of nerves
Objective observers note, however, that
both sides may be mistaken. An
economic catastrophe in Germany may
for instance, occasion not a collapse OF
German resistance to the treaty of Ver-
sailles. but an accession of hysterical
nationalism.
Spread of the world crisis to France
may cause not a softening, but hard
ening of the French determination te
scotch treaty revision in the bud. II
so? II so, the Disarmament Conference
had lust 8 well disband. for armament
makers win have the next word.
6onueIA 1nooh
Evening star., 1932-02-21
Canada-U. S. Trade Likely to Decrease
In Move for Intraempire Commerce

this country, and it will be up to the
British manufacturer to conquer the
geographical advantage enjoyed by the
American manufacturer. The British
manufacturer will have to learn to
hustle and to advertise and must -
tablish warehouses for special parts and
even branch factories.
Favored Nations 10 Suffer.
Canada recently gave notice that next
June she would abrogate trade treaty
with France, which Is the basis Of all
most favored nation clauses Of COM
mercial treaties sanctioned by the Ca
madam Parliament Canada has extended
a reciprocal customs agreement to Argen-
tina. Belgium, Colombia, Cuba, Czecho-
slovakia. Denmark. Estonia, Finland
France, Hungary, Italy, Japan. Latvia,
Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Portu-
gal, Rumania, Serb Croat Slovene
Kingdom, Spain, 6weden, Switzerland
and Venezuela.
All these coutriee return to Canada
general tariff next June, 30 that a& the
imperial economic conference new terms
will be made with Britain and the
dominions for goods and produce which
came into Canada formerly under the
most favored nation treaties.
(CopyriQht 1922
Evening star., 1932-02-21
BY EDGAR ANSEL MOWRER.

n ERLIN.-Relentlessly and, In
X German eyes, inevitably and
justifiably, the German CAM
paign for revising what are con-
sSdsred as the most tntdessble
features Of the treaty Of vessaflAes Is
going forward.
Germanys proposal at the General
Disarmament Conference in Geneva,
with its leading idea of eliminating all
those sorts Of weapons which Germany
is forbidden to possess by that treaty,
is simply another step toward achieving
international equality" whose justice
Is clear to virtually every German.
This means the setting aside OF large
sections Of the treaty Of Versailles. TO
France this process, If accomplished by
q hostile Germany, means the loss OF
Frances political predominance and, IN
the end, French political decline, or war
Therefore the French will oppose re.
vas1on 50 long as Germany Is "hosthe.'
Want Understanding.
Curiously enough, although outwardly
nti-French feeling in Germany has be-
come so strong that for the first time
since the end Of the Ruhr occupation
in 1923 Frenchmen are being publicly
scowled at and their lives here are being
made unhappy all the German author
tiles, actual and potential. including the
national Socialist leader himself, Adolf
Hitler. declare that they want nothing
50 much as an understanding with
France.
Frenohmen answer that they seek,
:ses: ss.r.sagsask .g, -; ~ ap Sa4Rese
Evening star., 1932-02-21

accomplish? These questions can be
answered briefly.
The League Council happened to be
in session when the japanese made
their first military move. 1t Immediately
took the matter in hand both on its
| own initiative and at the request OF
China. Japan insisted that the dispute
was one which concerned China and
Japan alone. thereby in effect asserting
the old doctrine of the separation of
the East and West. The League and
| the American Government both thought
differently.
From the start it had been appar-
ent that the explosion in Manchurla
had grown out of long-standing con-
| f1icts of interests between Chinese and
| japanese. and that lasting settlement
of these conflicts could come only
| through consideration of the entire and
confused mass of facts involved. There
fore the council returned several times
to the proposal which China had made
soon after the start of the trouble:
That League commission Of inquiry
be appointed to study the situation.
Finally when Japan had not carried
out the League instructions to withdraw
her troops by November Is. the council
became inSiStent. Japan was maneu-
vered into the position of agreeing
to a commission which simply would
study the facts and report The League
did not get all it wanted, but it did
secure Japan's acceptance Of the prin-
ciple that the world as a whole was
concerned with any dispute between any
two nations. The commission sailed
from San Francisco on February 13,
and will land at Yokohama on Feb
ruary 30.
The commission has no specific pro-
| gram laid out: its course will depend
upon circumstances. 1t was authorized
before the new crisis at Shanghai had
developed, and presumably, therefore,
will concern itself first of all with the
situation in Manchuria. But the reso-
luton which authorized it. either by
deliberate intent or by inadvertence,
Evening star., 1932-02-21
First-Hand Information.

The commission was sent partly to
give the organized world the chance to
get direct and first-hand information
as to what was happening, and why,
and partly to drive home the lesson
that no nation could consider itself
superior to its obligations to the other
nations.
The United States came into the pic
ture not as member of the League,
but as a co-signer with Japan OF the
nine-power treaty of 1922 and the Kel-
logg pact of 1923. On this basis it
dealt directly with Japan and cooper
ated with the League in considering
the Manchurian situation. When the
question of a commission of inquiry
acting for the League specifically arose
the American Government was called
on to choose between permitting an
American to serve as member OF the
commission or definitely and emphati-
cally repudiating the League as an
agency for promoting peace-for q re-
fusal to permit American participation
would have been. in effect, such re-
pudiation. The American Government
wisely chose to continue to cooperate
with the League.
Having so chosen. it proceeded to
suggest as the American member OF the
commission one of its highest ranking
officers. one who had distinguished
himself particularly by a long record
of international service in helping to
settle international disputes. This man,
Gen. Frank R. Mccoy, was not simply
given leave of absence from the Army.
All his Army connections were def
nitely severed, so as to make 1t abso-
jutely clear that he was serving as a
private person and a civilian.
Gen Mccoy had his first experience
in China IN 1900. when he was sent, as
CONTINUED on Fourth Page)
Evening star., 1932-02-21

"1VE men, one OF them an Amerl-
l. can, now are on the Pacific,
steaming toward the Far East
L on a mission which marks the
beginning of new era. Iher
trip is less spectacular but historically
more important than Alexander's march
into India three centuries before Christ.
or than many others OF the long series
of moves by which WesternerS have
time.
In the past the people Of the East
and the West have felt that they were
divided by a great gulf Across that
gulf of basic different-m -mindednesS mil
itary or commercial or philanthropic
bridges might be thrown. but the gulf
remained to prevent anything Of real
association in the family of nations.
Westerners might invite Fasteners as
guests, to be received in formal top
hats and frock coats, or permit them
to come as laborerS to be exploited.
Fasteners might submit to Westerners
or pay them elaborate courtesies. But
neither felt toward the other the shirt
sleeve easiness of family circle. Each
has taken from or given to the other;
there has been little real understand
ing or cooperation.
These five men are going neither to
take nor to give anything. Their i'm
mediate duty, as defined by the resolu-
ton of the Council of the League of
Nations of December 10. 1881, by which
they are being sent. is Ito study on
the spot and report to the Council any
circumstances which. affecting inter-
national relations, threaten to disturb
peace between China and Japan or the
god understa ndinp between them on
which peace depends"
Authority Of Commission.
The commission thus has full author
ity not only to inquire into the situation
in Manchuria and at Shanghai. but also
to study the anti-Japanese boycott in
China and all the rest of the large
Evening star., 1932-02-21
Canadians Are Drinking
Less and Smoking More

OTTAWA, Ontario.-canadians ars
drinking less and smoking more, 10
cording to othcial ssstistics. which show
that 90 years ego the average Canadian
drank twice as much Of hard spirits
as he is drinking today, but smoked less.
In the fiscal year ended March sl'
1881, annual consumption OF tobacco
per head amounted to 4.02 pounds, the
heaviest for any year recorded, while
the lightest consumption occurred IN
1890, when it totaled only l.03
pounds per head. Revenue derived
from excise and customs duties on to-
bacco in the last fiscal year amounted
to $431 a head.
Revenue derived from duties on spirits
reached its highest per capita marx IN
1929, when it totaled $4.8. In the
last fiscal year revenue derived from
dutias On spiritS auoHad - &aee q
----A----i
Evening star., 1932-02-21

by a quarter Of an hour. He did this
to prevent incidents; at the same time
he furnished opponents of public exc
cutions with strong argument.
The radio gave the word that the
guillotine was being set up in front
of the Sante Prison in Paris, with the
consequence that patrons of night clubs
FASTENED to the spot, together with
the underworld characters who never
miss q beheading. In front Of the
guillotne distance Of 200 yards,
which the police had difficulty In
keeping clear-stood . variegated crowd
of men in tuxedos and women in costly
furs, shoulder to shoulder with men
in caps and women of the streets.
Many stood on the roofs of some 400
taXicabs.
So that the execution became a
kind of entertainment for those who
do not believe in going early to bed.
The death penalty should be an ex-
ample and not an entertainment, it is
being pointed out, and it Is urged that
France should adopt the American and
British practice Of holding executions
within the prison wallis.
a-.--4 - t0nosEishts aao2a 42ss3zEx!A
Evening star., 1932-02-21

OTTAWA, Ontario-The flow of
trade between the United States and
Canada probably will be lessened as a
result of the imperial economic confer
ence which will take place here next July
and the objective of which will be the
rejuvenation of commerce within the
British Empire.
In Canada both major political par
ties-ConServativeS and Llberals-are
committed to measures for the develop
ment of the intraemplre commerce,
while in Britain there is a government
which is prepared to 60 to the length OF
imposing taxes on foreign foodstuffs in
order to give Canadian and empire
commodities preference.
In Australia a strong administration
is assuming Office with a declaration 1or
IAN effective British preference and
interdominion reciprocity and Tor the
fullest obtainable measure OF prefer
entail empire trade.
Favor Canada on Wheat.
r. B. Bennett, prime minister OF
Canada, upon his return recently from
London, where he conferred WITH Pre-
mier j. Ramsay Macdonald, j. n.
THOMAS. Stanley Baldwin and other
leading members of the British govern
ment. said the sine qua non OF the ap-
preaching imperial economic confer
ence was the wheat quota. He 1ndl-
Gated that the tentative proposals under
consideration allotted 70 per cent to the
overseas empire, Is per cent to nome
grown wheat and only IS per cent to
foreign wheat. Of the 10 per cent,
Canada's share was to be 80 per cent
or about 56 per cent of Britain's entire
requirements. This would mean a Dell
mite and guaranteed market m me me
Uu1ted Kingdom for shout 1OO,0oo,ooo
bushels annually at world prices.
It Is expected that Canada, IN return
for a preference 10 the British wneat
market, will give Britain some special
tariff preferences for goods not manu-
factuYed in this country.
The Bennett government, elected TO
Office in July, 1880, on high-tariff policy.
Is giving Canadian manufacturers the
greatest protection possible from foreign
competition. 1t would appear to be
doubtful whether Premier Bennett will
reduce the tariff generally to permit
British manufacturers to compete sue
cessfully against the Canadian manu-
foctmer.
Any Reelea pns6sssp1e ths& ~ b
oAGNded M4 b. Tor 6p00B nj mA h
Evening star., 1932-02-21
BY MARK SULLIVAN.

"HE tension between Gov. RooSe-
welt of New York and ex-Gov.
Smith began on election day,
i 1928. 1t began in the fact that
Roosevelt, as candidate for Gov
ernor, carried the State, while Smith,
as candidate for President, lost it. Out
OF that incident and that comparison
arose a feeling on the part OF RooSe-
velt's friendS-some of them more loyal
than wise-that he was the rising star;
Smith the declining one. The notion
was accentuated by the election two
years later, in 1880, when Roosevelt
again carried New York State by ma
jority never before equaled.
With that triumph. Gov Roosevelt S
friends took it completely for granted
that Roosevelt had become the certain
leader of the Democratic party, its GER
tain candidate for President in 1882.
In much of their hope they were justi-
fed, for ordinarily a Democratic Gov
ernor of New York who carries the
State by so large a majority as Roose-
welt did in 1880 is almost automatl-
cally certain to be made the party's
nominee for the presidency.
RooSevelt's friends, as they began to
organize and promote his fortunes for
the elevation they felt he was destined
for, made a natural but serious mis-
take 1t is always risky to impute mo-
lives to men, yet in reviewing what
Roosevelts friends cid, it is impossible
to escape an inference as to what their
motives were. Roosevelt's friends must
have felt that the association between
him and ex-Gov. Smith gave Roosevelt
certain political assets and certain liza
bilities The assets they felt sure they
could keep; the liabilities they under
took to get rid of.
Evening star., 1932-02-21

can permanently guarantee European
stability and peace. This outstanding
dispute between France and Germany,
therefore, IS a matter of the terms of
an understanding.
I'VE shall sign q treaty with the
French, but not yet-psrhaps not this
Evening star., 1932-02-21

year, perhaps not next year, but surely"
one of the highest German political
authorities told me recently. 1T is
only a question of waiting until the
creeping economic crisis has convinced
the French that they cannot remain
hale in the midst Of q diseased world,
Evening star., 1932-02-21
Needs to Study Cases

From the Dayton Daily News
It's too bad that scientist who fears
the younger generation is getting too
| much education doesn't p1eet mose q
etha 1nqqaea aeQeau6koR
Evening star., 1932-02-21

made no direct reference to Manchuria,
thus leaving the commission free to
study the whole field of Chinese-Japa-
nese relations
Evening star., 1932-02-21
BY GROVER CLARK.

1--WE men, one Of them an Ameri-
can, now are on the Pacific,
steaming toward the Far East,
on a mission which marks the
The Alaskan., 1932-08-26
Million of Frogs
 Invade Vancouver

Unheralded and the reason for the strange and unpreced- ented migration shrouded in
 mystery, millions of tiny frogs invaded Vancouver, Wash, re- gently.
 Highways and streets within the city and to the east were sWarming with the little crea- lures and motorists on the Evergreen Highway said th e frogs were so thick over some sections as to give the appear ance that the highway was in motion.
 Thousands of the frogs left the river and headed for Van couver Barracks, where they covered lawns, walks and roads. Some of the streets in the down town section were reached and the migration extended as far as two miles east. The frogs were not spread out evenly over wide area but traveled in waves CT herds" The only explana- ton for their appearance is that 1Ver and water conditions this season were exceptionally fav- 2rable for spawning.
The Alaskan., 1932-08-26
Walker Decision
 To Go Over

There is a possibility that Gov. Franklin D. Roosevelt's decision on the custer charges against Mayor James J. Walker, of New York City, will be delayed until after the November elections.
 Gov. Roosevelt announced he will withhold action until after the question of his powers of removal has been decided by the Supreme Court.
 George Donnelly, Secretary cf the Bronx Chamber of Com merce, demanded that the Su- preme Court determine Gov. Roosevelt's right to remove May or Walker.
 Mayor Walker denied, at the Executive hearing, that he in- fuenced the granting of fran chise to a bus company in which his friend, State Senator Hast- ings, was interested. Mayor Walk CT made all answers to questions asked by Gov. Roosevelt delib~ erately and in low voice.
The Alaskan., 1932-08-26
Investigator Ready
 10 Make Report

M. K. Sniffen who has been making survey of conditions among the Native people of the
 First Division completed the swing beginning at Petersburg, through Wrangell, Ketchikar,
 Metlakatla and around the West Coast of Prince of Wales Island. Passing through Petersburg northbound last Friday they stopped at Rake and were sche- duled to make Sitka, Angoon, Hood Bay, Hoonah, and Juneau. Mir. Sniffen planned there to get off the boat to visit with federal officials before returning to Philadelphia. Accompanying him were MT. and Mrs. William L. Paul. It was planned that Frank G. Johnson, Grand President of the Alaska Native Brotherhood should join the party at Rake.
 MT. Sniffen received some very positive ideas from the white citizens as well as Natives as to the conditions and their cause in Alaska. Upon his return to Philadelphia he will complete his reports and place them in written form for submission to the Indian Rights Association and to the Committees On Indian Affairs in the Senate and House of Representatives.
 There is a general satisfac- tion among the people whose condition he is Investigating that the present intolerable conditions will be alleviated in a large measure. At least official recognizance will be taken and first st teps towards securing changes will be officially under taken.
The Alaskan., 1932-08-26
Dry UItimatum is
 Given Sen. Jones

While the national Woman's Christian Temperance Union
 was adopting it's platform a. 8ainst any repeal or modified ltion of the Eighteenth Amend Iraent, Washington State w. c. T. U. members were preparing for an aggressive campaign a. gainst repeal of the state bone cry law and for the election of dry candidates for state and na- ttonal offices.
 An example of how determin- led some of the dry leaders are was the statement of F. A. Hazel |tjne of South Bend, former fed oral prohibition supervisor and long active in Anti Saloon Lea gueS circles.
 Notice Is Served on Senator
 Emerging from the w. c. T. U convention, where he had been presented to the delegates from the platform by Mrs. Ella A. Boole, national president, MT. Eazeltine said:
 T served notice on United
 States Senator Wesley L. Jones
 that if he wavers one iota from
 lis prohibition attitude to date
 | would not support him. I will support Beeler (former Supreme Court Justice Adam Beeler, who lis Senator Jones' primary op- ponent)' if Jones makes any wet concessions"
 Beeler is a "wringing wet" Re- publican.
 ms assertion followed 8 charge by Bishop James Cannon, Jr., in Geneva yesterday that President Hoover had surrend- cred "to the speakeasies, boot | leggerS and nullifiers of the Con- lstitution" in his acceptance speech.
 Former Congressman J. w. ] Byran of Kitsap County, who was presented with MT. Hazeltine and others to the w. c. T. U. convention, listened to the South
 Bend mans statement but nith-
The Alaskan., 1932-08-26
Graduate Nurse 2.
 For Ketchikan

An added feature for the gov ernment school for natives in ketchikan with the opening o1 school September 6 will be a graduate nurse to be added tA the teaching staff. Also altera- tions are being made to the school to include three shower baths in the basement.
 Miss Ethel Klemm, principal, has received word that Mss Garnet Strong of Kalispel, Mon tana, will be stationed there as a nurse. An office for her is be- ing fitted up in the school. Mrs. Margaret Ridley and Miss Dol ores Brunette will continue as members of the teaching staff. Miss Brunette is visiting her home but will arrive before school opens, and Miss Strong, the nurse, will also leave for Ketchikan before the school opens.
 The entire basement of the school is being remodeled by Libe who has the contract with M. H. Smith & Son doing the plumbing work. In addition to the shower baths, rooms are be- ing provided in the basement for manual training and domestic science. When completed the school will be one of the best maintained by the government in Alaska, according to report.
 The hiring of a nurse for Ketchikan is considered an ad- vance step, having been urged by many local people, Chron- icle.
The Alaskan., 1932-08-26
Birth Rate Hits
 New Low Record

The birth rate in the United States declined last year to 17.G
 births per 1000 population, the lowest rate since the birth re- gistration area was established io 1915, according to a census statement issued by the Depart
 nient of Commerce. The 1880
 rate was 19.8.
 The infant mortality rate fell from 64.7 per 1000 live births to 61.7, it was pointed out. Totals O. 2,084, ,443 births, 128,645 deaths of infants under one year of age and 80,248 stillbirths were re- ported last year.
 New Mexico had the highest birth rate and the highest infant mortality rate last year, altho the greatest number of births and infants deaths occur, Of course, in the populous States of New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois and Ohio, it was stated. Nevada ha dthe feWeSt number of births and the lowest birth rate, while Iowa reported the lowest infant mortality rate.
The Alaskan., 1932-08-26
of Men
 SaIvages Craft

Four young Unimak natives recently journeyed to Kanaga Harbor, where the 65-foot gas boat Unmak Native went on the beach, and patching up the holes in the hull, took her ma chinery all out and cleaned and overhauled it, and ran under their own power to Unmak, 400 miles distant. The vessel had been abandoned and had pound ed upon the rocky beach all win ter, making many big holes in Ter hull. The natives secured a crew, salt and gear, and left for the westward herring grounds to put up enough fish to run them through the winter.
The Alaskan., 1932-08-26
Public Forest Policy

A study of foreign public forest policies, made by the Unit ed States forest service, shows that while public control in the United States has been almost wholly confined to requirements for protection against fire, other countries, as rule, have gone considerably further, particul- arly with respect to forests that serve to prevent soil erosion or to regulate stream flow, or that serve other public interests. Most of these countries are at the same time gradually extend irg the area of public forests.