Red Lodge daily news combined with Carbon County news., 1932-03-03
TELEPHONE NUMBER NINE d


The disturbing effect which the Japanese invasion of
China has had on international peace agreements and IN
ternational organizations for the settlement of world
problems is wildly brought forth in the current issue of
the National Republic in an article written by Prof. Verne
Dyson, of the University of the Philippines, for the China
Weekly Review. In part Professor Dyson says:
The tragedy OF war precedes the battle; the lifeless
soldier upon the field, the ruined church, and the general
destruction OF the landscape are only objective indica-
tlons OF antecedent moral disasters. Blood and physical
death are merely the outward symbols of tragedy. The
real catastrophe is spiritual.
"Manchura, in advance of the war which threatens
there has already become a world tragedy, an interna-
tlonal misfortune more far-reaching in its consequences
than any actual destruction of life and property which
might occur. 1t will require some weeks yet for human
lty to realize fully the extent of its loss.
1.-The truth is that all the formulas for world peace, all
disarmament schedules, all the treaties and elaborate
diplomatic structures which the nations patiently erect
ed during the past ten years to prevent war have been
swept away. A stubborn Japan in Manchuria has ended
a fair dream, a great delusion. The word Failure must
now be written large upon these instruments by which
humanity, exhausted by the greatest of all wars, had
hoped to end war:
/. The Four-Power Pacific Treaty.
2. The Five-Power Treaty.
3. The Nine-Power Treaty.
4. The Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact.
5. The League of Nations.
1'The Four-Power Pacific Treaty, signed on December
IS, 1921, was the first of the hopeful agreements reached
at the Washington Conference. BY this treaty Great
Britain, France, Japan, and the United States agreed to
respect each others positions in the Pacific, to settle
by a special conference any disputes which might arise
between them, to confer and jointly determine upon the
best means of settling any dispute which might arise be-
tween a party TO the treaty and an outside nation. This
treaty, altho favorable to Japan, was the first step in
the postwar program to establish world peace. 1t defin-
itely covers the present Manchurian situation. Japan
has violated the spirit and letter of the agreement, in not
seeking the advice Of Great Britain, France, and the I'm
tied States in attempting to settle the misunderstanding
witt China. This treaty, therefore, may be regarded as
a failure,
1.-THE Four-Power Pacific Treaty which at the time
was regarded as a definite achievement in favor of world
peace and the abolition of war was followed on February
6, 1922, by the Five-Power Treaty, signed also at the
Washington Conference. This agreement apparently
posedly afforded a basis for a further advance toward
international harmony. The second treaty provided for
limitation of naval ornaments in keeping with the pro-
posals of Secretary Hughes of the United States Depart
ment of State, and for the maintenance of the status quo
in respect for Notifications in certain parts of the Pa
ciic. The great delusion began with these two treaties.
Next came the supposedly still more powerful Nine-Pow-
er Treaty signed also on February 6, 1922, and in turn
predicated upon the two previous compacts. In this
agreement China was included and became a party to
the Open Door policy. The powers, including Japan,
bound themselves to respect China's sovereignty, indie
pendence, and territorial and administrative integrity.
These are high sounding phrases which meant much more
to the world at that time than they do at the present mo-
ment.
In the absence Of any efforts to borrow money in Amer
lea, we are prone to believe the war in Manchuria is about
---1