Evening star., 1932-10-03

| It is quite as much In the interests
| of the powers now as 1t was In 1922
! to assist the reconstruction of China
| and to maintain her sovereignty ana
| her territorial and administrative In
| tegrity as indispensable to the main
tenance Of peace. Any disintegration
Of China might lead, perhaps rapidly,
| to serious international rivalries, which
would become all the more bitter II
they should happen to coincide with
! rivalries between divergent social sys-
TENS Finally, the interests of peace
are the same the world over. Any loss
of confidence in the application Of the
principles of the Covenant and of the
| pact Of Paris in any part OF the world
| diminisheS the value and efficacy OF
those principles everywhere.
Interests of U. S. S. R.:
The commission has not been able to
obtain direct information as to the
| extent of the interests Of the U. S. S. R.
| in Manchuria, nor to ascertain the
| views Of the Government OF the
U. S. S. r. on the Manchurian question.
| But even without sources Of direct In
/ formation it cannot overlook the part
| played by Russia in Manchuria nor the
| important interests which the U. S. S. R.
| have in that region as owners OF the
| Chinese Eastern Railway, and of the
| territory beyond its north and north
east frontiers. 1t Is clear that any
| solution of the problem of Manchuria
which ignores the important interests
! of the U. s. S. r. would risk future
breach Of the peace and would not be
! permanent.
Conclusions Presented.
Conclusions: These considerations are
sufficient to indicate the lines on which
| a solution might be reached If the gov
ernments of China and Japan could
recognize the identity Of their chief
| interests and were willing to make
| them include the maintenance of peace
and the establishment Of cordial rela-
| tions with each other. As already
stated, there is no question Of returning
| to the conditions before September,
| 1881. A satisfactory regime for the
future might be evolved out OF the
present one without any violent change.
In the next chapter We offer certain
suggestions for doing this, but we would
| first define the general principles to
which any satisfactory solution should
conform. They are the following:
Conditions Of a satisfactory solution:
/. Compatibility with the interests Of
both China and Japan. Both coun-
tries are members of the League and
each Is entitled to claim the same
consideration from the League. A solu-
| ton from which both did not derive
benefit would not be gain to the
| cause Of peace.
2. Consideration for the interests Of
| U. S. S. r. To make peace between two
| of the neighboring countries without
regard for the interests Of the third
would be neither just nor wise, nor In
| the interests of peace.
3. Conformity with existing multi
| lateral treaties. Any solution should
conform to the provisions Of the Gov
enant of the League of Nations, the
pact OF Paris and the nine-power treaty
of Washington.
4. Recognition of Japan's interests in
| Manchuria. The rights and interests OF
! Japan in Manchuria are facts which
cannot be ignored, and any solution
which failed to recognize them and to
| take into account also the historical
associations Of Japan with that country
| would not be satisfactory.
5. The establishment of new treaty
| relations between China and Japan
A restatement of the respective rights
| interests and responsibilities Of both
countries in Manchuria in new treaties,
| which shall be part of the settlement by
agreement, is desirable If future fric
| ton is to be avoided. and mutual con-
| fidence and cooperation Is to be re-
| stored.
6. Effective provision for the settle
( ment Of future disputes. As corollary
J to the above, it is necessary that pro-
vision should be made for facilitating
the prompt settlement Of minor dis
putes as they arise.
Government Of Manchuria.
Z. Manchurian autonomy. The gov
ernment of Manchuria should be
| modified in such a way as to secure,
| consistently with the sovereignty and
| administrative integrity of China,
large measure of autonomy designed to
| meet the local conditions and special
| characteristics of the three provinces.
! The new civil regime must be 50 con-
| stituted and conducted as to satisfy
| the essential requirements Of good gov
eminent.
g. Internal order and security against
! external aggression. The internal order
| of the country should be secured by an
effective local gendarmie force. and
J security against external aggression
| should be provided by the withdrawal
of all armed forces other than gen
darmerie and by the conclusion OF a
| treaty Of aggression between the
| countries interested.
g. Encouragement Of an economic rap
| proachement between China and Japan.
| For this purpose a new commercial
| treaty between the two countries is de-
| sirahle. Such treaty should aim at
placing on an equitable basis the COM
mercial relations between the two coun-
| tries and bringing them into conformity
| with their improved political relations.
10. International cooperation in
Chinese reconstruction. Since the
present political instability in China
| is an obstacle to friendship with japan
and an anxiety to the rest OF the world,
| as the maintenance Of peace in the Far
East is a matter of international con-
cern, and since the conditions enumer
/ ated above cannot be fulfilled without
a strong central government In China,
the final requisite for satisfactory
solution is temporary international CO.
operation in the internal reconstruction
of China, as suggested by the late DR..
| Sun Yat-sen.
Results which would follow from the
| fulfillment of these conditions:
| If the present situation could be
| modified in such a way as to satisfy
these conditions, and embody these
ideas, China and Japan would have
| achieved solution of their difficulties
which might be made the starting
point of a new era of close under
, standing and political cooperation be-
| tween them. If such rapproche-
ment is not secured, no solution, what
ever its terms, can really be fruitful.
Is it really impossible to contemplate
such a new relationship even in this
! hour of crisis? Young Japan is clam
orous for strong measures in China and
| policy of thoroughness in Manchuria
Those who make these demands are
(, tired of the delays and pin-pricks Of
the pre-September period; they are
end But even in Japan appropriate
| means must be found for the attain
! ment of every end. After making the
acquaintance of some Of the more