davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1932-10-16

appointed for the purpose by Arch
bishop Michael j. Curley of Baltimore
and passed rigid test. The board was
composed of Rev. DR.. Charles A. Hart
and Rev. DR.. John K. Ryan OF the
Catholic University and Rev. DR.. John
j. Russell and Rev. DR.. F. j. Hand
Of Baltimore.
The Catholic Evidence Guild of
Washington is body of lay men and
women who are being trained to speak
in public in explanation and defense
of the doctrines and practices of the
church. Recently the movement
spread throughout England, but this is
the first time in the United States that
the Catholic Church has officially
licensed laymen for such purposes.
In their talks this afternoon Mr..
Bowen will discuss The Existence of
God" and Mr.. OConnor will trace the
development of Catholic influences on
the life of America. In their guild
work the young men were trained to
answer questions which might be asked
by q public audience and are prepared
to do so on their first appearance.
Evening star., 1932-10-16
Germans Pay go Taxes.

BERLIN (R.-A compilation of Ger
man taxation shows that go levies have
been made by nation and state gov
ernments. The latest is a consumption
tax on salt. Novelties" are head,
bachelor, dole, employment and church
taxes.
Evening star., 1932-10-16
Lamp Emits Daylight"

A new lamp has been developed
which gives approximately daylight
value. Instead of fllament, 1t depends
on q mixture Of rare gases for its radi-
auce.
Evening star., 1932-10-16
HOUSE CANDIDATES
WILL TOUR IN BODY
Virginia Republicans Will Make
Bus Trip Through State De-
nouncing Gerrymander.
By the Associated Press.

RICHMOND, Va, october IS
Virginia's Republican candidates for
Congress. who must run at large since
the invalidation of the 1882 redistrict-
ing act, have agreed to tour the State
by auto and bus in body and de-
nounce the Democrats in unison for
political gerrymandering
1t is expected the campaign will start
week from Monday. Representative
Menalcus Lankford OF Norfolk, George
Cole Scott of Richmond and Fred w.
Of Lynchburg. were named
members of committee to work out
the details Of the campaign.
The seven Republican candidates for
Congress are Lankford, Scott, McWane,
Henry A. Wise, Roland Chase and Jacob
CARRIER. E. B. Spaulding, who filed
notice of candidacy from the eighth
district, but whose name was left of
the official ballot because he had not
also filed at large, is expected to &C
company the others.
Evening star., 1932-10-16
Spaulding Still in Race.

ARLINGTON COUNTY COURT
HOUSE, Va, October 15-Despite the
failure Of j. E. Spaulding, Republican
nominee for Congress from the eighth
district, to file as a andidate-at-large,
he will not be eliminated as candi-
date, George LEIGH, his campaign man
ager, asserted here tonight.
At a conference in Richmond with
members of the State Republican Com
mittee and eight Republican candidates
for the House, it was decided that the
the ticket will have been placed there
illegally and that Spauldings name
may be legally written in, LEIGH ex-
planned. He said this would leave
Spau,ding the only candidate from this
section whose election would be legal.
Evening star., 1932-10-16

Prices Of agricultural products in Ger
many continue to drop.
Evening star., 1932-10-16
MARCH OF FARMERS
ON WASHINGTON IN
DECEMBER PLANNED

Continued From First Page.)
Evening star., 1932-10-16
STEPS TO ALLEVIATE
DESTITUTION HERE
ARE DUE THIS WEEK

Continued From First Page.)
Evening star., 1932-10-16
GREAT.GRANDMOTHER
ENDS HER LIFE WITH
PLUNGE INTO RIVER

Continued From First Page. J
Evening star., 1932-10-16
ARMY-NAVY BUDGET
CUT INDEPENDENT
OF PARLEY SOUGHT

Continued From First Page.)
Evening star., 1932-10-16
Praises History of Bar.

Justice Roberts praised the history
Of the Bar Association in the IS years
Of its existence as he entered on his
comparison of the court of today and
a century ago. The difference IN the
character Of the litigation now and IN
Imperial Valley press., 1932-07-11
TIMING SPRINT
STARS STARTS
BIG ARGUMENT
BY RICHARD c. WILSON
limited Press Staff Correspondent

PALO ALTO, Calf, July IL
The "split second" debate that has
ensued over the timing OF Ameri-
cas- sprint stars in the 10O-yard
dash promises to reach a conclu-
sion here this weekend at the
tryouts for the American track
team in the Olympic games.
At least nine candidates for the
title of worlds fastest human" VIII
line up in the 100-yard dash which
will decide the man most eligible
to wear the stars and stripes IN
the Olympics at Los Angeles next
month.
All of the track coaches will be
present at the Stanford stadium to
watch the timers in the event. In
fact. they probably will watch the
timers more than they will the
sprinters.
pink Templeton, Stanford's IA
nous coach, contends the timers
are slow; Tom Keane, Syracuse
university mentor, argues the timers
are fast.
mo man ever ran the 100-yard
dash in 95 seconds" according to
Keane. The world record is 95
and four of the entrants in the
final tryouts here are credited with
Imperial Valley press., 1932-07-11
Bakers To Play
Laundry Tonight

Having cleared one hurdle in the
pennant race of the Ell Centre
night baseball league, by defeating
the Golden State team last week,
Cramers bakery nine will face
the second obstacle tonight when
they tangle with the Valley Laundry
club.
While the bakers are the favorites
they will have to make more runs
than they did beating the milkmen,
in the opinion of the fans, for the
soap chasers are a heavy scoring as
well as a much scored upon team.
Fans are looking forward to We'd
nesday night when the fast Red
lands team will play a return game
here, having been we'll pleased with
their former effort, which they won
3 to 2, and plan to repeat.
The local players will present an
all-star lineup and hope to reverse
the decision this time.
Imperial Valley press., 1932-07-11
Nurmi Sporting
Injured Ankle

CHICAGO, July II, U.P)-Paavo
Nurmi. hero of three Olympics who
hopes TO participate in his fourth
at Los Angeles next month, has
contracted a mysterious ankle in
Jury somewhere between New York
and Chicago. Nurmi is at present
under suspension by the Interna-
tional Amateur federation.
When Nurmi appeared at Dyche
stadium, Evanston, with the other
members of the Finnish team en-
route to California, he displayed a
swollen ankle and bad limp which
Imperial Valley press., 1932-07-11
ATHLETICS CUT
DOWN LEAD OF
new YORK TEAM

NEW YORK, July IL. U.P)-The
Athletics have gained one and one
half games on the New York Yam
KEGS by their thrilling 18 inning vic
tory over the Indians, and the
Yanks double defeat by the
Browns.
This unusual combination of sun
day baseball left the Yanks with a
six game American League lead
over the runner-up Mackmen.
The Athletics musoled out the
Indians, Is to II, after a gruelling
battle, the longest of the season.
Batsmen drove out SO hits, three
of them home runs by Jimmy FoXX,
and one by Earl Ayerill
Foxxs cloutS made a total of 3S
home runs for his season. He drove
in eight runs.
Eddie Rommel, the winning pitch
er. took the mound in the second
inning and hurled the remainder
of the game, II innings. He re-
lieved Krause, while Hudlin and
Ferrell pitched for Cleveland. The
AS made 25 hits and the Indians,
33.
The Browns amazed some 10000
fans at Yankee stadium by beating
the Yanks 10 to in the opener,
and again to Z. in the nightcap.
They outhit the Yanks, II to 8, in
the first game, tagging Lefty Gomez
with his fourth defeat of the sea-
son. In the second they were su-
perior at the bat, 16 hits to 10.
Detroit and the Red Sox split
doubelheader, the Tigers taking
the opener, to S, and dropping
the second, 13 to 2. The Sox went
wild in the second inning of the
closing session, scoring nine runs.
Washington overwhelmed the Chi
cago White Sox, 13 to 3, after snar-
ing IA hits off Caraway, Fraser and
Evans. Alvin Crowder achieved his
10th victory.
In the National League the Reds
rose out of the cellar and left 1t
occupied by the Giants whom they
defeated twice, to 4, and 4 to 2.
The Phillies dropped to sixth
place and we're replaced by the
Cardinals in fourth position when
they lost to the Cards, to 5, and
3 to l. The leading Pirates downed
the Dodgers. to 7. Despite home
runs by Hack Wilson and Gordon
Slade. The Cubs blanked the
Braves, to 0, as Lonnie Warneke
registered his 18th victory of the
season.
Imperial Valley press., 1932-07-11
Pacific Coast
League Scores
BY United Press

Dy OlhOCu IlCSS
Portland rested two games ahead
of Hollywood today in the nip and
tuck race for leadership Of the Pa
cific coast league.
The Ducks concluded their series
with Sacramento with double win
yesterday while the Stars were
splitting a double header with the
last place Missions.
Tom Turner's charges handily
trimmed the Senators in the first
game, 8 to 3, but had a harder fight
taking the second 2 to l. Portland
won five of the seven games with
the Solons.
Yde held the Missions to six hits,
enabling Hollywood to take the
first game, 8 to 2. Sheehan's bad
first inning netted the Reds four
runs and they had little trouble
winning the seven inning session,
IL to 3. Hollywood won four of
the seven contests with the Mis-
sions.
San Francisco split doublehead-
er with Los Angeles, Henderson
taking the morning game, 7 to 6,
while Zinn and Stine dropped the
finale, 9 to 8. The Seals halved
the eight game series with the
Angels.
Oakland divided honors with
Seattle. Ed Walsh trimmed Page,
4 to 8, in the opener, but Walters
let the Oaks down with three hits
in the second contest, the Indians
winning, to 2. Seattle won four
of the seven contests with Oakland.
Imperial Valley press., 1932-07-11
EXTRA CONTESTS
ORDERED HELD In
YACHT CLASSES

LONG BEACH, July II. U.P)-Be-
cause of tie for points in each
Of two yacht classes competing for
the right to enter the American
Olympic games finals, extra con-
tests were ordered today at the
close of a four-race series.
Don Douglass Gallant OF the Los
Angeles Yacht club won a spectacu-
lar I2-m:le victory in the final race
yesterday TO tie her clubmate, Tom
my Lees Caprice. at Is points.
Pierpont Davis Santa Maria and
the Angelita, owned by Owen
Churchill, evened their series in the
eight-me.er class.
A one-race sailoff will be con-
Imperial Valley press., 1932-07-11
StOefen Defeats
John Hennessey

MINNEAPOLIS. July II. WP)-
Lester Stoefen, rangy Los Angeles
tennis hIminary, today held the
Minneapolis tennis clubs invita-
tional tournament championship af-
ter a five set victory over John
Hennessey, of Indianapolis, former
Davis cup team member.
The scores were 2-6, 3-6, Ga, and
9-7.
Stoefen continued his sensational
play by teaming with William Rob-
ertson, young Minneapolis player
to win the doubles title from Karl
Kamrath and Sterling Williams,
Austin, Tex, 1-6. 6-3, 6-3 and 8-6.
Stoefen's continual drop shots
tired the Indianapolis player and
the Los Angeles star outlasted Hen
neSSeV.
Imperial Valley press., 1932-07-11
Women Olympic
Entries Compete

CHICAGO, July IL. W.Pl - The
final tryouts for the Women's AM
erican track and field team will be
held at Dyche stadium, Northwest
ern University Saturday in con-
junction with the national A. A.
u. meet.
Fourteen of the 10 members of
the 1923 team will compete for
places. Babe Didrickson, Dallas,
Tex, has entered eight of the 10
events and will try to win the team
championship singlehanded. In the
Texas A. A. U. meet last week she
won eight out of 10 events, tied
for first in another and was second
in the other event.
California will send II stars,
among them Lillian Copeland, May
belle Reichardt, Margaret jenkins,
and Anna OBrien, all members of
the 1923 Olympic team Among
the other prominent entries are
Ruth Osborn, ST. Louis, Evelyn
Furtsch, Tysten, Eleanor Egg,
Paterson, N. j., Nan Gindele, Eve
lyn Hall, Evelyn Ferrara and An
nette Rogers, Chicago.
The five Olympic events are the
100-meter run, 80-meter hurdles,
high jump, discus throw, and jaw
elm.
prevented him from working out.
Ackad ahOtif tha In, i,it.u l1a coid.
Imperial Valley press., 1932-07-11

Quoted next Wednesday by the six
meter boats to pick craft TO COM
pete against the Naiad of San Fran
cisco, Jill OF the Great Lakes and
Totem of the Atlantic ssaboard in
national finals sJarting here July
II.
Two boats to participate in the
OlympicS will be selected in the
eight-meter sail-off next Sunday
The winner will carry Americas col
ors, and the loser will be chartered
under Canadian colors.
The Gallant finished today in
2:06:35. The Caprice finished sec
ond in 2:08:50, Walton Hubbards
Ripples was third, Matt Walshs
Zoa fourth and William Barthol-
omae's Mystery fifth. The Angelita
finished today in 2:08:37, with the
Santa Maria close behind in PIP
:03.
The first car of Beauty plumS
from Reedley, Fresno county, was
Imperial Valley press., 1932-07-11

having equalled the mark TINS
year.
Keane had a supporter in his
contention today in the person oi
Bob Kiesel, California university
ace.
"I'm inclined to believe that
western timers have been plG
fast" he told the United Press
today. "Or else the timing at the
I. c. 4-A meet in Berkeley week
ago was slow. If Wykoff ran the
century in 80 at Berkeley, l Ger
tainly never have run it in 9.5.'
Kieeel was beaten by Frank
Wykoff, University of Southern
California flash, in the I. c. "A.
His remark was taken to indicate
he was going his best when Wy
koff bested him.
Ralph Metcalfe, Marquette uni
versity's Negro sensation, is looked
upon as the stiffest competition
for Wykoff and Kiesel He Is
credited with equalling the record
three times this season..
Don Bennett, Ohio State, and
Emmett Toppino, Loyola, are Gov
ering the distance in less than 10
seconds in their daily workouts,
If all of these speedsters turn
out Friday and Saturday in top
form the winners time may be n
revelation to Keane and his adheE-
ents. In which case, the subject
of timing may have to wait until
the Olympic games for settlement.
Imperial Valley press., 1932-07-11
NATIONAL LEAGUE
Yesterdays Results

Yesterdays Results
Pittsburgh, 8; Brooklyn, 7.
Chicago, A; Boston. o.
st. Louis, 7-3; Philadelphia, 5-l.
Cincinnati, GA; New York, Az.
Imperial Valley press., 1932-07-11
B A S E B ALL
STANDINGS
AMERICAN LEAGUE
Yesterday's Results

feStefuay htsuIUs
st. LOUIS, 1913; New York, 81.
Philadelphia, 1S; Cleveland, IT,
Washington, 13; Chicago, 3.
Detroit, 7-2; Boston, 5-13.
Imperial Valley press., 1932-07-11
LEAGUE
Yesterday's Results

IEottIuAJ , IttouIto
Hollywood, 3-3; Missions, 2-11.
Portland, 80; Sacramento, 3-l
Oakland, Az; Seattle, 3-3.
San Francisco, 7-8; Los An
geles, 6-9.
Imperial Valley press., 1932-07-11
ODDS AND ENDS
ON ENTRIES FOR
OLYMPIC GAMES
BY GEORGE II. BEALE
United Press staff Correspondent

LOS ANGELES, July Il. - AL
though every leading nation will
send the pick of Its athletes to Los
Angeles next month for the X
Olympiad, the only foreign tryouts
en- American soil will be held here
tonight.
Young Mexican amateur boxers
ranging from flyweights to heavy
weights will compete at Olympic
auditorium for the right to carry
their country's eolors in the Olym-
pic games
Several amateurs from Old Mex
leo will oppose the best Los Angeles
fighters. with some q athletes en-
tered in all divisions. Guadalupe
Marquee, heavyweight, is the only
entrant at present unopposed, and
unless someone rises to question his
proweSs he viii automatically be-
come a member of the Mexican
Olympic boxing team.
The expected meeting OF Walter
BALI. OF Reseda, and Al Romero,
Los Angeles, in the welterweight
finals is regarded as the headline
contest.
Imperial Valley press., 1932-07-11

Liberal applications OF potash gill
be made to a 200-acre field OF mint
at Dos Palos to try and increase
the oil content.
Imperial Valley press., 1932-07-11

The first car of Beauty plumS
from Reedley, Fresno county, was
billed to Montreal, Canada.
Imperial Valley press., 1932-07-11

prevented him from working out.
Asked about the injury, he said:
Yesterday. On train. Nothing" /"
Imperial Valley press., 1932-07-11

finals Is regarded us lile ileduiiiiS
contest.
Olympic officials are making good
their promise that men contestants
will be unmolested at Olympic Viii
lage, the secluded city in suburban
Baldwin hills. Even with the best
of credentials, at least seven con-
ferences with gatemen are necessary
to gain admission.
1t was reported that even One
Eyed" Connolly, prince OF gate
craShers. had no success despite his
disguise as a piece of adhesive tape.
An official remarked today he
hadn't seen the New Zealand team
members for some time Whereup-
on a Swedish athlete who had gone
through the gate-crashing routine,
answered, Maybe they couldn't get
back in
FREDERICK Kleger Argentine weight
thrower, decided upon a few prae-
tice tosses TO loosen his muscles. He
wound up two or three times and
let go.
A few hours later workmen were
busy putting a new plasterboard
roof on a nearby cottage.
The other Argentine athletes,
more sedate, pass dull hours be-
tween training periods by playing
a game called "Hey, Baby" They
have a small leather ball, sized be-
tween an indoor baseball and a
volleyball. The idea is to sneak
up behind a player, drop the ball
and kick as hard as possible, at the
same time shouting, "Hey, Baby!"
II the ball is hit squarely and the
aim true, the player with his back
turned is out of the game. And
Argentine is practically out an ath-
lete
SylVio Gator, Haiti's one-man
Olympic team and recent holder of
the world broad jump record, spends
most of his spare time at the village
reading letters. He said he will
take no chances getting lost in
strange city and q strange land.
John Roman, attache of the Po-
lish team, announced today his
country expects TO send six track
contestants, six fencers and seven
oarSmen. The team is due here
July 20, but the great Kusocinski,
track ace, will arrive next Wednes-
day to go into training at once.
Imperial Valley press., 1932-07-11

SPECIALLY REDUCED PRICES are being offered
during this great Economy Event on our De Luxe
Double Duty Western Giants, our high pressure
tires, and Western Giant Truck Tires also
our Blue Ribbon and Jumbo Full Circle Inner Tubes.
Evening star., 1932-05-20

inevitable factor In living and hence
the capacity to adjust Is necessary
equipment for all. Life that involves
such elements requires for successful
living developing ability to meet prob
lens and find constructive ways for
ward. In this situation Is the stimulus
to broadening educational theory that
looks upon education as process con-
tifuing throughout life and seek to
provide the methods and the agencies
for continuous growth and development.
The shorter hours worker has entirely
different standards of living from the
one who worked from sunrise to sun
down. His interests are more numer-
Gus and his social activities vastly in
creased.
With our present day mass production
in many industries and progress toward
Evening star., 1932-05-20


the wage earner's entrance INTO leisure
as q consumer.
Leisure in former ages was permitted
only q privileged few. For the working
nah, steady work was a virtue ana
idleness carried the Implications OF
blame and some measure of moral turpl-
tude. That wage eaTners should snare
In leisure and its opportunities came
with the developing ideals of democracy
Leisure for the many has been made
possible by machines and nlechanicai
power Electrical power brought still
greater revolution.
we have no complete story of short
eninR the hours of work, but the move
fnent advanced under slogans. for the
f0-hour day, Saturday half holiday, the
e-hour day, the 5-day week, etc. NOW
we have the 6-hour day.
"vested Interests" Considered.
In these situations the employer
seemed to feel he had vested interest
In maintaining the long work day
AGAINST the worker who tried to share
the gains of social and economic prog
ress. Opposition to the shorter work
day has been similar to opposition to
all measures providing large social OPP
portunities for the underprivilegeo.
when the carpenters OF Boston lnltl-
ated q movement for 10 hours in 1928
their employers learned with surprise
and regret" their purpose OF altering
the time of commencing and termi-
mating their dsily LABOR from that
which had been customary from time
ir1memoriai";; they called attention to
unhappy Influence" ON apprentices
''by seducing them from that course
of industry and economy of time" to
which they were anxious to "enure
them" and exposing them to tempta-
tions and improvident practices from
which they were happily secure when
working from sunrise to sunset. The
lo-hour day, they concluded, was IAN
evil Of foreign growth"
free public education and manhood
suffrage were opposed as revolutionary.
subversive to industry and moral
stamina To educate the children OF
workers would stimulate idieness and
the spending of money for liquor. To
give the vote to those who did not
own property was to discourage indus
Try In accumulating possessions.
Despite this type Of opposition, as
technical progress increased factory
production and raised productivity per
worker, the movement to reduce the
10-hour day to Hours gathered sup
porters and Importance. The first
e-hour day recorded was In the
Charleston Navy Yards in 1912. Slowly
Evening star., 1932-05-20

been an unprecedented increase In pro-
ductivity. The technical explanation is
electric power. Progress in generating
and transmitting electric current has
made possible the most intricate ma
chinery and remote control over OPERA
tions Electric power has completely
released production from the restrictive
limitations of human endurance in pro-
duction AS each industry improves its
technical equipment the question of the
length of the work day and the work
week changes from the factors OF an
economy that cannot supply all de-
mands to an economy with unlimited
productive capacity.
Viewed in the light OF trends over the
past century, the struggle. the human
suffering involved in securing a shorter
Evening star., 1932-05-20
less Time and More Leisure
Increase in Productivity in Past Fen Decades Has
-. Changed Whole Problem Of Indusrys
.<s Economic Factors.

the movement grew, interrupted by the
Civil War, and became a national
movement under the inspiring leader
ship Of Ira Stewart Stewart taught:
Wages do not respond to the forces
of supply and demand; do not depend
upon the supply of Capital or demand
for labor, but upon the habits, customs
and wants of wage earners and the
community" He held that as inven-
tions and machinery increased produc-
ton, out of the increased production
wage earners' standards, Of living could
be raised. Reduction in hours constl-
tuted an increase in wages, Stewart
maintained This philosophy of short
er hours was the inspiration for the
eight-hour campaign started by the
American Federation of Labor in 1884,
For years trade unions concentrated
on the eight-f1our day as one of their
major objectives. gradually extending
its application. AS is the case with
every union standard, its influence eX-
tended far beyond union boundaries.
The eight-hour day gained social &C
ceptance as public policy.
S-Hour Day Long Accepted.
For more than so years the 8-hour
day was the accepted standard, first
modified by one day rest in seven, then
the Saturday half-holiday, and more
recently by the. 5-day week. Now the
demand for the 6-hour day gains in
forcc. Surely this slew but steady prog
ress toward shorter wcrx hours rejects
changing induetri2l for-es-forccs thao
were ch"ng.ng me hods of production
and cont ib,1ti1g the i.atcrials OFT o.
with to sustain new standards of liv
ing. That is just what has been taking
place in industry. AS mechanical power
and machine tools displaced physical
energy and manipulative or hand skills,
output increased while labor costs per
unit decreased Wage rates were in
creased, work hours decreased and re-
turns to investors increased. Despite
the fact that reductions in hours had
justification in the facts of production,
employers uniformly contested each
step. They argued in opposition that the
shorter work day would mean increased
costs, upsetting of work rules and custo-
mary procedure and decreased output.
These arguments ignored the capacity
of industry to adjust itself to new con-
ditions and to device economies. Short
ening the work day has invariably
stimulated inven icn.
In the past few decades there has