davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13
SABBATH DAY OF
REST AND WORSHIP

AT the time Moses was given the
Ten Commandments the Sabbath day
was the seventh day of the week, one
of the feast days. After he had re-
ceived the Commandments. the Sab
bath day was observed as a day OF
rest and worship. 1t was to this an
cient Jewish Sabbath that the
Fourth Commandment referred.
The association of Sunday with the
true Sabbath and its development as
day Of rest came about with the
dawn of Christianity. From the be-
ginning many Christians cOmmemo-
rated the first day of the week as
Resurrection day, or Lords day.
There does not seem to be any evil
dence that the first day was original
ly intended as a substitute for the
Jewish Sabbath In fact, most Of the
early Christians observed both the
Sabbath and the Lords day.
The tendency to observe the first
day of the week was confirmed by the
Roman emperor Constantine in 321
A. D.. when he issued the civil decree
that "all the judges and townspeopIe,
and the occupation of all traders"
should rest on the venerable day OF
the sum-" As time passed and the
Christian church grew in strength.
the majority of them paid less atten-
ton TO the Sabbath day and more TO
the Lords day, until il finally sup
planted the Sabbath. Many took the
position that the first day Of the
week had divine sanction and that
the Fourth Commandment was ap-
plicable TO it instead OF TO the Scrip
tural Sabbath of the Hebrews
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13
Increased Production

Increasing the number Of high-pro-
ducing hens as well as increasing the
egg production per bird has been ac-
complished in an eight-year breeding
for production trial at the poultry
plant at North Dakota agricultural
college.
For the year 1923-1924, seven pull
lets completed the season with an
average production of ia eggs. For
the year 1930-1931, 30 pullets completed
the period with an average production
OF 226 eggs. This is an increase of
9S.2 per cent over the record of 1928
1924, and with nearly eight times as
many birds. The trial was conducted
with Rhode Island Reds.-Dakota
Farmer.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13
KEEP RECORDS OF
THE LAYING HENS
Only Way to Select Next
Seasons Breeders.

Each fall the large number of pullet
eggs that grade out as peewees. with a
resulting cut in price, are a source or
much annoyance TO many flock owners.
About the only immediate action q
poultryman can take TO try to improve
this condition is to feed well of ra-
ton that is designed TO maintain flesh
as well as produce eggs.
In other words, understood birds are
usually. though not always, the chief
offenders. The feeding of a wet flesh
ing mash in addition TO the regular
laying ration may therefore be of con-
siderable benefit. Such a mash may
be one composed of equal parts of yell
low cornmeal and ground rolled oats
moistened with milk until it is crumbly.
1t should be fed once a day at the
rate of two pounds per 100 birds.
However, steps can be taken that
will result in more permanent improve
ment in the future. The pullets that
lay the largest eggs right from the
start should be banded and their num-
Der noted so that little over a year
from now they can be selected for the
breeding pen. This means trapnesting,
as this is the only way in which this
information can be obtained.
If trapnest records as to egg weight
are available on birds from which the
coming seasons breeders are to be
selected. the use of such birds that lay
large eggs-say, eggs that weigh from
"a to 26 ounces to the dozen-will go
long way towards eliminating the diff
Guilty in the future with small eggs in a
flock with consequent low prices for
them.-Successful Farming.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13
Rare Books Filmed

The rare and valuable volumes of
the Sterling library of Yale are being
preserved by copying on tiny films.
In this way persons interested may
be allowed to consult and examine
the works without the necessity of
risking the originals. Thirty-two hum
dred pages may be copied on 2O0 feet
of film and at the rate of 800 or 400
pages an hour. book of $50 pages
may be copied on a film which when
rolled is no larger than a spool of
cotton. The films when properly
cared for are almost everlasting.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13
No Wonder Ii Worked

The customer whose account had
been outstanding for some months
called round and paid up.
THAT letter you sent me did il" he
said 1--we never seen one like it.
Why, il would get money out Of a
stone. How did you put ii together?"
The business man smiled sadly.
u chose the beat bits out Of the
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13

Principals in the new WABC-Colum-
bia comic sketch of the prize ring,
Joe Palooka," could come to blows
in what might be termed the battle
OF the century. Four of them have
worked out inside the ropes. There's
Ted Bergman, 200-pound PaloOka of
the act, WHO oucc in his varied life
managed New York gymnasium.
And heavyweight Ham Fisher,
cartoonist-creator of the comic strip
on which the act is based. who
spared in school, hobnobs with all
the fighters and still works out with
them. Ted Husing, ring-side
commentator at Palooka bouts, who
took it on the chin while in the
army. Harry Won Zell, pro-
gram announcer, once an amateur
lightweight boxer of the Pacific
coast. That accounts for all but
130-pound Frank Readick, who plays
the part of Knobby Walsh, Palooka's
classy manager. He's toss in the
sponge.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13
Log Finally Vanishes

A spruce log, % feet long and IA
feet in diameter, which was the butt
cut of tree that took II fiat cars TO
carry. finally went down to the bay
with a tide after being in the Column
bia Box and Lumber company's mill
pond at South Bend, Wash, for 20
years. The log could not be hauled
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13
He Knew Her

Gimme a pair OF lady's gloves
growled the irascible old gent to the
clerk at Hudson's glove counter.
what size did you wish?" she
asked.
"SiZe or shape or color don't make
any difference" he snapped. "Just
gimme any old thing. You see. no
matter what 1 buy her she'll bring If
back, anyway"
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13
Altar to ST. Patrick

On a hill within a mile of the spot
where st. Patrick landed from Rome
LOO years ago, Ireland is TO erect a
great open-a>r afIar. The altar will
cost $4,000 Inc money is being
raised among villages. The first sod
was turned on st. Patrick's day dur
ing the celebrations of the fifteenth
centenary.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13
MICROPHONICS

Jessica Dragonette, MICS song
bird, returned from a short holiday
in Bermuda with new definition of
a zebra. She says she overheard a
native describe the black and white
striped animals as sports model
mules"
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13
A Slim Clew

visitor-The country hereabouts is
mostly level, isn't it?
Farmer-Well, there are a few poll.
ticians we are suspicious of, but we
amt got no actual proof.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13

Wilfred Glenn is always called
Bill. He says his father named him
Bill because he came on the first of
the month. He was born in Califor-
mia. which makes him one of the
sun-kissed singers.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13

What has become Of the discour-
aged restaurant with the magnificent
name in the small town?
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13
After They Are Married

Nothing gives a young man who
thought his sweetie would go through
life with her arms around his neck
a greater shock than discovering how
quickly she takes up back-seat driv-
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13

Each member of the cast of "The
Goldbergs' is Jewish. Mrs. Gertrude
Berg, the originator and author of
the sketches, plays Mrs. Goldberg.
James r. Waters, the father. is an
alumnus of "Abie's Irish Rose"
Rosie SLIDER and Alfred Kohn play
the children.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13

Rearranging the furniture in the
living room is poor substitute for
a vacation to a woman.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13

A cannibal is one who loves his
fellow man.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13

Boys always make out what the big
words mean if they're on circus
poster.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13

Anne S. Sutherland. the MIC dra-
matte actress who plays Ma Belts in
"Moonshine and Honeysuckle," as a
sideline operates tea room in New
York's Greenwich Village. For years
Miss Sutherland played in Broadway
productions under the management
of Charles Frohman and David
Belasco.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13

Salad is made of everything except
frogs legs.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13

ST see that whiskers are again IN
vogue in England" remarked Ray
Knight the radio comedian. per
sonally, l prefer my mutton chops
on the inside of my face"
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13

into the head rig without tearing out
part of the mill building. 1t finally
was pushed into the current-a much
Scared derelict.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13

How is a boy to select his career
who hasn't any decision? And there
are thousands of them.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13

ing after they are married--Cincin-
natl Enquirer.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13

Freedom is humanity's destiny.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13
AT Least IN School

Small Boy-Fifty cents for goose
eggs? I always thought they were
nothin' Judge.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13
Such as It Is

letters my boy sends me from school,
he explained.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1932-05-13

Reggy-Oh, yes; I've been ship
ping clerk in a dry goods store for
years.
The Washington times., 1932-07-30
What SOC Will Buy

bag of Cement which, when mixed with three
parts water will patch holes in the cellar floor
the garage floor, other cement surface
Electric call bell and push button.
Two batteries operate it, and some wire to install it,
CTotal about $125)
soap paper holder towel bars, any similar acces
A mail drop for the front installation if
don't have the toolsO
Sufficient replace broken parts Of the
insulation on your and piping This is easy one
Just mix it with little water and put it with knife
or other flat tool
Sufficient paint to do the woodwork in small room
Replace broken sash cord window. ANY good car
replace window cord for This price
per with good quality cord that won't
stretch why the windows don't run freely the full
way while he is at it, why not have broken cheap
window pueyS replaced with good ones? You can get good
faced for soc pane ball bearing ones 1or
soc EACH comfort easyworkng, Weathertlght win
dows are carpenter will gladly make them all work well
for about SOC each.
new spring or hinge for the door.
A new set of hardware shutter.
Dozens jobs all the house can be done for
this price.
Sponsored by
THE PROPERTY IMPROVEMENT AND
BUSINESS COOPERATION
COMMITTEE
The Washington times., 1932-07-30
Fete House Guests

DR.. Maximo Zapeda, former
minister of foreign affairs of
Nicaragua, who has represented
his country at a number of
international conferences, and
Sonora de Zepeda have been
the guests of Sonora de Sacassa,
wife of the former minister of
Nicaragua. Yesterday Miss
Kathryn Orme entertained at
luncheon at the RoSsdhu Cas-
tie Club for Senor and Sonora
de Zepeda and Senorita Zepeda.
X x X
Mrs. Hugh Campbell Wallace,
of Washington, widow of the
former ambassador to France,
is at the Ritz-Carlton in New
York.
Judge Chauncey G. Parker
and Mrs. Parker have as their
guests at their summer home
at Matunuck. r. l., their son-in-
law and daughter, Mr.. and Mrs.
George Locke Howe, of Bristol.
X Y
Princess Julia Cantacuzene,
granddaughter of President
Grant, will sail today for Eu-
rope on the lie de France.
The Washington times., 1932-07-30
Motoring North

Mrs. John A. Hinckley and
her sister, Mrs. Blaise De
Sibour, left yesterday by mo-
tor for New York, whence they
will go to Herkimer, N. Y, to
spend a short time with their
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Theo-
dore Douglas Robinson. Mrs.
Hinckley's small son and Mrs.
De Sibour's small daughter have
been with their grandparents
for several weeks. Mrs. Hinck-
ley and Mrs. De Sibour with
their children will go to their
own summer home near Her
kimer the first of the week,
where they will be joined on
Tuesday by Mr.. Hinckley and
the following week by Mr.. De
Si~0ur.
The end of August they will
go to Alberta, Canada. to spend
several weeks shooting before
returning to Washington.
Mr.. ana Mrs. Hinckley have
given up their house on Wyo-
ming Avenue and shortly after
their return to the Capital in
the fall will sail for Europe to
spend the winter with the for
mer'S parents.
The Washington times., 1932-07-30
Here and There
In the Realm Of
Broadcastins
BY STANLEY BIGELOW

When George Washington was
a callow youth Of 16, he fell Vlo-
lently in love. He couldn't sleep,
his appetite began to cause appre-
hension in the Washington house
hold and that sovereign remedy,
sulphur-and-molasses, failed to stir
the lads lethargy.
One day George sat down and
wrote an ode to my Poor Restless
Heart" Only recently Maury
Madison. Washington composer,
dug up the lyric and set it to mu'
sic. The song will have its pre-
miere tomorrow afternoon during
the WIZ inspired Pilgrims Pro
gram.
Here IS the complete ode:
Oh, Ye Gods why should my Poor
ReSiStless Heart
Stand to oppose thy might and
power,
At last surrender to Cupid's
feather'd Dart,
And now lays bleeding every
hour.
For Her that's pityless of my grief
and Woes,
And will not on me Pity take.
I'll sleep amongst my most in
veterate Foes,
And with gladness never wish
to Wake.
In deluding sleepings let my Eye
lids close,
That in an enraptured dream
/ may,
In a soft luIling sleep and gentle
repOSe,
Possess those joys denied by
day.
The Washington times., 1932-07-30
Sails Today

The Minister Of Sweden, Mr..
Wolmar Bostrom, will sail to-
day from New York aboard the
GripSholm for Sweden where he
will spend the next two months.
~ X
The Minister of Guatemala
and Sonora &c Recinos are ex-
pected to go to Atlantic City
today and will be at the Hotel
Ambassador for the early part
of August.
X
The minister of the Irish
Free State, Mr.. MacWhite, who
has been on the North Shore
of Massachusetts, With Mrs. Mac
White, came to Washington last
evening and will spend a fort
night here.
The Washington times., 1932-07-30
Party Planned for
Bride-Elect

Miss Helen Louise Duckett
and Miss Mae Harris Clarke,
debutantes of last winter, will
entertain at a bridge shower
Tuesday at the home of Miss
Clarke in Hyattsville, Md, for
a sister debutante, Miss Jean
Woodson, daughter Of Mr.. and
Mrs. Eugene R. Woodson. whose
marriage to Mr.. Albert E. Con-
raids, son of Mr.. and Mrs. Con-
raids, will take place october 8.
The Washington times., 1932-07-30
Wed in Church

Miss Marjorie Veronica
Mulvihill, daughter of Mr.. and
Mrs. John j. Mulvihill, and
Mr.. Kenneth Keene, of john
ston, Pa, were married yester-
day in st. Matthew'S Church
by Rev. Edward Roach.
The bride wore a pink and
blue ensemble with a corsage
of gardenias. She was attended
by her sister, Miss Mae Eleanor
Mulvihill, as bridesmaid, who
wore a yellow and white
costume with a corsage bouquet
of tea roses. Mr.. Paul Hannah
acted as best man for Mr..
Keene.
The bride is a graduate of
st. Patrick's Academy in the
class of 1880, and is an active
member of the Alumnae
Dramatic Club.
The young couple left
Immediately after the cere-
mony for a motor trip to the
Southern States.
The Washington times., 1932-07-30
Embassy Tea

A group of distinguished Ital-
ian educators, making a tour
and study of educational insti-
tutions in the United States,
were entertained yesterday at
the italian Embassy. After tea
at S o'clock they left by train
for Chicago. Among the guests
were Prof. Gino Sano, Prof.
Giovanni Norezini, Prof. Guigo
Subrini, Baron Admiral Arturo
De Riseis and CIR. USs. Fran
ceSco BozZani.
X X
The Ambassador of Chile,
Senor Don Miguel Cruchaga
Tocornal, who had planned to
leave today for Mexico City.
has postponed his departure
until Wednesday.
The Washington times., 1932-07-30
Mike Mutterings

B. A. Rolfe, the roly-poly mu-
sicker, has sailed for Europe. {. {.
After one try at letting George
Burns and Oracle Allen broadcast
without a screen to hide them,
the Columbia production man de,
cided to keep them out of view
as before. The boys in Guy
Lombardo'S band laughed too up
roarlously at the comedians
quips. Every member of Donald
Novis' family is a singer.
Thought you'd be interested.
The Washington times., 1932-07-30
Arrives uesday
From England

Mr.. George Angus Garrett,
of this city, who has been pass
ing several days at White Sui
phur Springs, will leave there
tomorrow to go to New York
to met his daughter, Margot
Garrett, who, with her COVER
ness, will arrive on Tuesday
from England. They will spend
some time in Washington before
going to White Sulphur for
visit. Miss Garrett will spend
a month or six weeks in this
country with her father before
returning to school in England.
The Washington times., 1932-07-30
Ioins Envoy

Count Francois de Buisseret,
First Secretary of the Belgian
Embassy, has joined AmbaSsa-
dor May at the Viking in New
port.
X X X
The Counselor of the Danish
Legation and Nine. de Wich-
field are at Crawford Notch in
the White Mountains for a visit
of several weeks.
X X
The former head of the Ship
ping Board and Mrs. Albert D.
Lasker, of Chicago, are guests
at the Mayflower for a brief
visit in the Capital.
The Washington times., 1932-07-30

and Mr.. Frederic de Peyster Town.
send, of Canada.
The ceremony, which was performed
at - clock in st. Thomas Episcopal
Church by Rev. William S. Bishop, was
attended by only the members of the
two families and few close friends.
The bride, who was escorted to the
altar and later given in marriage by
her father, wore a lovely close-fitting
model of white satin, draped from the
shoulder and flaring from the knees.
The very high neckline had rose point
lace bertha, and the sleeves were long
and close-fitting. Her tulle veil had a
cap of the rose point lace, and she car
ried a small white prayerbook.
The matron of honor, Mrs. Robert j.
The Washington times., 1932-07-30
Hush! !!

Kate Smiths grandparents, Mr..
and Mrs. B. I. Handy of River
dale, Md, attended her broad.
cast for the first time the other
evening when the "Songbird of
the South" brought them to the
Columbia studios to watch her in
action. Kate warned her visi,
tors not to utter a sound while
they were in the broadcast room.
So literally was the warning
taken that they continued to sit
silently for 10 minutes after the
program was over.
The Washington times., 1932-07-30
Attend House Party

Senorita Cecilia Alfaro and
Senorita Rebecca Alfaro, daugh.
tiers of the Minister of Panama
and Sonora de Alfaro, went to
New York yesterday, where they
will attend the weekend house
party to be given by Mrs. Alicia
The Washington times., 1932-07-30
New Program Series

Tomorrow morning at 10
o'clock, VOL is inaugurating
new series of programs entitled
Word Songs" It's chief enter
tainment will come from short
bits of philosophy, with an oc
casional religious suggestion, from
a character who prefers to be
known only as Dad.
The Washington times., 1932-07-30
House Guests

Mr.. William Phillips of Bev-
erly Farms, Mass, who recently
retired after many years Of
diplomatic service abroad; Mrs.
Phillips and Miss Beatrice S.
Phillips are at Peckett's on
Sugar Hill, in the White Noun
tains, where they are the guests
of Mr.. and Mrs. Adolph C.
Miller. of Washington, who are
passing the summeE there.
The Washington times., 1932-07-30
Going to Europe

Senator and Mrs. David Aiken
Reed are in New York, whence
they will sail today aboard the
Conte Grande for Europe to
spend the remainder of the
summer. They will return to
this country early in September.
The Washington times., 1932-07-30

dupont Glendenning at her
home, Ben Robyn Farm, Syos-
set, Long Island.
Others from Washington who
will be the guests of Mrs. Glen
denning are Miss Emily Mad
dox, Mr.. Fernando Piza, Mr.. R.
Alfaro and Mrs. Benjamin Co
hen.
This evening the hostess will
entertain at a Spanish fiesta in
celebration of her birthday an
niverSary.
The Washington times., 1932-07-30
Motor to Rapidan

The President will motor to
the Rapidan Camp this after
noon to join Mrs. Hoover. He
will be accompanied by Mr..
Henry M. Robinson, of Cali
fornia, who has been a White
House guest for several days
and a number of other friends.
The Washington times., 1932-07-30
100 KllOcycle' WBAL
04 Meters

DIAL
P. M.
3:OO-Saturday Matinee.
3:3O-Concert Favorites.
4:O0-Feature Hour.
-SerenaderS.
4:45-Little Orphan Annie.
5:OO-Evening Music.
5:3O-Orchestra.
6:OO-Amos m Andy.
6:15-Piano Moods.
6:30-Cuckoo.
7:OO-The Plays the Thing.
7:3O-Dance.
8:OO-Week-E End Review.
8:3O-The First Nighter.
9:0O-Whoopee.
9:3O-Twenty Fingers of Har-
9:45-Object ,Matrimony.
Sisters.
Orchestra.
Orchestra.
11:3O-Ch h arlie AgneW and his
Orchestra.
The Washington times., 1932-07-30
TOWNSEND-WREN WEDDING OF SOCIAL IMPORT
Wedding in St. Thomas Church
Unites Prominent New York
And Washington Families

Wearing wedding gown which she, herself, designed
Miss Mary Martha Wren charming daughter of Mr.. and
Mrs Clark c. Wren, became the bride today of Mr. James
Barclay Jerman Townsend Amssvlle, Va and Coopers
town n Y son Mrs EDGAR T. Chapman of COOperstown
The Washington times., 1932-07-30
RADIO RAMBLES - PROGRAMS

5:3O-Dorothy Reddish.
5:45-Studio Program.
6:OO-Dinner Music.
6:I5-Orchcstra.
6:45-OrcheStra
7:OO-Thomas Washburn, Harry
Woodard.
7:2O-Globe Trotter.
7:3O-Today in Sports.
7:5O-Levy's Orchestra.
S:OO-Joe and Harry.
8:15-Eddie Leger.
8:3O-Viennese Nights.
9:OO-Good Night.
The Washington times., 1932-07-30
Leave for Maine

Mr.. and Mrs. Royal T. Nc
Kenna, accompanied by their
two children, Helen and
Martha, and Mrs. McKenna's
mother, Mrs. David S. Hendrick,
left yesterday for Maine where
they will spend the remainder
of the summer.
The Washington times., 1932-07-30
Don't Miss These

7:2O-The Washington Her
aid and Hearst Me
trOtOne News Globe
TrOtter. (WOL).
8:30-The First Nighter.
(WBAL).
9:0O-Ruth Etting in Mu-
sic That Satisfies.
(WMAL).
1O:30-PauI Whiteman and
His Chieftains.
(WRC).
The Washington times., 1932-07-30
Parents of Couple Assist At Reception

The young couple assisted in receiving by Mrs
Wren mother of the bride, who wore gown OF beige
tucked chiffon with small brown hat and brown acces-
sories and by Mrs. Chapman mother of the bridegroom
who wore gown of pink chiffon with hat and accessories
to match.
Following reception, Mr. and Mrs Townsend left for
motor trip Coopertsown, and they will remain IN the
North until fall, when they will return to Washington for
visit before going Amssvile, where they will make
their future home .
For her travelling costume, the bride wore ensemble
of dark blue chiffon trimmed in white with accessories to
match.
The ouof-town guests who present for the cere-
mony and the reception which followed were Mr. and Mrs
Schuyler Jackson of Bucks county Pa, brother-lnaW
and sister the brdegroom Mr. and Mrs Robert Page OF
New York another brothernaw and sister of Mr. Town
send Mr. and Mrs. Edgar T. Chapman; Mr.. and Mrs
Frederic de Peyster Townsend | and Mr. Horace Clark
of Houston, Tex. great-unce of the bride. -
Miss Wren graduated from Gunson Hall IN l929,
and Mr. Townsend attended Williams College in Massa-