davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-05-27

N-A ~ -
II South, the dealer, opens with
no trump, he will end with that con-
tact for game, as North, having no
take-out, will correctly raise a no
trump. In this case West will lead
his fourth best diamond and before
South can gain the lead he will be
set.
But what a difference II the scien-
tific approach principle IS followed
with an opening bid of one spade.
The approach method has simply
removed the no trump from its for
mer dominant position In opening
bids where it was, so to speak,
blocking the traffic" But at the
same time the system has greatly
enlarged the range Of no trump
take-outs, even extending them TO
include hands containing trump sup
port for partners major suit bids
but better distribution for no
trumps
The success Of the approach prin-
ciple is predicated on the fact that
the partner Of the original bidder, If
the next player passes, is forced to
keep the bidding open unless his
hand is practically a bust" Lack
ing q raise or a suit take-out for
the original declaration, the part
ner makes a negative no trump bid.
The negative no trump is clearly
understood to be a sort of courtesy
response, not a strength showing
bid
In the approach-forcing system,
all opening suit bids of one are mod
flied forcing bids. That is, as we
have seen, after an original suit bid
Of one is opened, if the next play
er passes, the partner is compelled
to bid unless his hand is practically
trickless But the system also in
cludes three absolute forcing bids
which compel the partner to keep
the contract open until a game is
reached even though he holds bust
hand.
The three absolute forcing bids
are:
First-THE FORCING TWO-BID.
Any opening two-bid in a suit. (Not
in no trumps.)
Second-THE FORCING TAKE
OUT. Any jump bid in a new suit
by either partner provided one Of
them previously opened the bidding.
Third-THE FORCING OVER
CALL. A bid Of an opponents suit
(G, 1882, by Leila Hattersley.)
(WNU Service)
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-05-27
Modern Contract
BFIdSe BY Leila Hattersley
No. l.
The APPROACH Forcing
Principle
THE first rule of the approach
l. principle is:

THE first rule of the approach
l. principle is:
whenever a hand contains a
biddable suit (be it even a four-card
minor) an opening bid in the suit
and not at no trumps should be pre-
ferred."
1t is on this rule that the whole
principle of the approach method
rests. For by these low introduc-
tory bids, a partnership has room
for the full exchange of information
so often necessary before they can
choose the best bid for their 2G
cards. This decided preference
which is given to original suit bids
including minor suits, four-card
suits, and weak fye-card suits, pro
vides against shutting them out
with opening no trump bids.
The approach principle of open
Ing a suit bid instead Of no trump
applies even though the hand con
tains no singleton or unprotected
suit.
Most hands with sufficient strength
for an original bid offer a choice be
tween a suit and n no trump. In
many cases If a no trump is opened
the bidding runs so high that it is
too late for partners to locate a
possible major suit which might
have resulted in game where the nc
trump would fail.
The following hand illustrates one
Of the thousands where a game
which could have been scored with
modern scientific bidding is thrown
away by the old fashioned no trump
bidder who has never been schooled
in the value of approach methods.
NORTH
S-AJ92
H-AJ7
D-S4
C-J1O54
WEST EAST
S-S6 STAB
H-5432 H-Q10S6
D-AJ532 DIX 1919
C-K2 C-0G3
SOUTH
S-KQ10J
H-K 9
D-Q76
C-AQS7
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-05-27

have earned a Nationwide
reputation for the Conoco
Travel Bureau and its SER
vices.
We do more than furnish
road maps, help choose
routes and supply other
travel information. We look
upon every Conoco Passport
holder as a personal friend
to be served in every way
possible. Every Conoco sta
ton is a branch of the Con-
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-05-27

Get the genuine tablets, stamped
with the Bayer cross. They are of
perfect purity, absolute uniformity,
and have the same action every time.
Why experiment with limitations
costing few cents less2 The saving
is too little. There is too much at
stake. But there is economy in the
purchase of genuine Bayer Aspirin
tablets in the large bottles.
Evening star., 1932-12-29
The Poets See.

H. w. Fowler, writing in the London
Times, says that Geofrey Chaucer, who
died in 1400 and whose Canterbury
Tales" are monument enough for even
THE Father of English Poetry" knew
all about television. He quotes the fol-
lowing lines as spoken by the eagle to
the bard in the House of Fame, where
every word uttered on earth is audible:
But understand now right vel this:
When any speche y'ccmen Is
Up to the paleys. anon-right
Hit wexeth lyk the same wight,
Which that the word in erthe spak,
Be hit clothed reed or blak;
And hath so verray his lyknesse
That spak the word, that thou wilt gesse
That hit the same body be,
Man or woman, he or she.
And Is not this wonder thing?
It certainly seems clear that the au-
thor conceived the possibility Of both
seeing and hearing over mighty dis
tances. However, the notion may not
have been so exceptional or rare as
some might imagine. Perhaps many
persons in the thirteenth century
visioned such development. In any
case, Shakespeare, before 1898, In the
first part Of Henry w, act Ill, scene /,
forecast radio when he wrote:
And those musicians that shall play
to you,
Hang in the air q thousand leagues
from hence;
Yet straight they shall be here; sit.
and attend.
Progress Is the tr,.,..lation Of dream
into deeds; and important advances in
Evening star., 1932-12-29

the arts and sciences, business and gov
ernment, may be said to result from the
growth Of aspirations held by numerous
individuals of genius II not by the CON-
nonalty of the earth. II Is part Of the
poets business to be a prophet and a
seer. Shelley spoke Of the singers as
the mirrors Of the gigantic shadows
which futurity casts upon the present"
His master, the Stratford player who
left all mankind eternally in his debt,
had Prospero say in "The Tempest:
As imagination bodies forth
The forms Of things unknown. the
poets pen
Turns them to shapes, and gives to airy
nothing
A local habitatior. and a name.
Probably 1t was perception of the
poets power to vision the future that
prompted Emerson to declare: Poets
should be law-givers; that is, the bold
est lyric inspiration should not chide
and insult, but should announce and
lead the civil code and the days work"
II the art Of government be that Of an
ticipating events, then poets. obviously,
ought to make excellent legislators and
administrators. Certain it is. beyond all
cavil, that civilization declines in lands
where poets are unappreciated and
where poetry is treated with neglect or
contempt. 1t is cheering to know that
John Masefleld, revisiting the United
States, expresses his conviction that:
mo matter to what extent Americas
industrialism may be retarded artis-
tically she keeps brilliantly ahead"
Evening star., 1932-12-29
Postal Savings Profits.
From the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin.

From the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin
In detailed account of postal costs
and outlay, prepared by the Post Office
Department and inserted In the Con-
gressiona1 Record the other day by Rep
resentative Arnold of Illinois, the re-
ceipts Of the Postal Savings System in
the fiscal year ended June 80 last (de-
rived from bank interest at 21a per
cent? are given at s4.066,4 ,437. and ex-
penditureS consisting Of interest paid
depositors at 2 per cent plus operating
costs) at s3,231, ,425, leaving a net profit
of $835,012.
Postmaster General Brown, In let
ter to Speaker Garner, puts the Postal
Savings profit on the years operations
at lover million dollars" but that
is probably before deduction of over
head. In any case the gains are de-
rived from the difference between the
interest the Government allows its de-
positors and what it gets from the
banks, plus the gains on amounts in
trusted to its keeping on which no inter-
est Is paid because they are withdrawn
before payable interest has legally
accrued.
So the Postal Savings, with its nearly
$785 100000 Of deposits at the end OF
the fiscal year (much larger nOW), Is
reasonably profitable branch OF the
service. But that Is the least Of its
benefits. It has encouraged thrift and,
much more important in these times,
has helped to stabilize the financial sit
uation by keeping hundreds of millions
Of dollars in circulation much OF which
might otherwise have gone into hiding.
incidentally, considering his ability
to borrow money from the commercial
banks at rates as low as an eighth OF
re- c-at fc- short periods UD to
9,,,-,.s c. LIVER e-r.s ~. y-sr,
o.,,lc I'm |; ny a bad fnar:ier in
lending them money ct 21a.
Evening star., 1932-12-29

prisoner to another State. More often
when extraoition is refused it is in the
case of fugitive who has not yet been
tried and convicted and in whose case
some doubt of guilt exists, or, as in
one instance in Massachusetts, few
years ago, where there was apparently
good reason to doubt that the accused
person would be given fair trial if
returned to the State from which he
had fed. In the case of Burns, which
has been attended by a wide publicity
and which has enlisted for him a great
deal of sympathy, deserved or unde-
served. it appears that the Governor of
New Jersey has been Influenced by the
circumstances rather than blythe facts
and the law in the case"
Gov. Moore had every right in the
opinion of the Wall Street Journal, Ito
decide as he did. EXtradition of per-
sons accused or convicted of crime from
one State to another, though partly a
matter of law, rests finally III the guber-
material discretion. 1t probably cannot
be proved as a matter Of fact that such
discretion was not moderately and in
telligently exercised in this case. But
it is unfortunate for New jersey and for
comfy among the States that Gov
Moore suffered the eXtradition hearing
to take on the characteristics of a mass
meeting"
Evening star., 1932-12-29
Earth Tides.

The distance between London and
New York, Greenwich and Washington,
may vary as much as sixty-three feet in
a lunar day. Such was the statement
of A. L. LOOMS, banker and physicist,
and Dr. Harlan T. Stetson of Perkins
Observatory Ohio Wesleyan University,
at the joint meeting of the American
Astronomical Society and section D of
the American Association for the Ad-
vancement OF Science, held at Atlantic
City.
The scientists have been studying
time signals sent out by radio from the
Greenwich Observatory and Washing
ton. They have found that there is
progressive difference of time as deter
mined by star observations at the two
places. They say that frequently this
difference has amounted to as much as
a tenth of a second. Allowing for all
known corrections and for the time OF
transmission, they insist that there are
discernible and persistent changes in
longitude. Perhaps there are tides in
the earth's crust created by the moon.
Small tides already are known from
experiments, but larger movements,
should they be authenticated by other
investigators, would be novelty.
Mr.. Loomis and Dr. Stetson submit
that there may be natural stretching
or shifting in the earth's crust within
the limits of Its elasticity. BY this hy-
pothesis. the crust would yield and re-
cogsr periodically under thcfsS c-ion of
the moons C--avitat!c..al r...lt Tla sna
ahbs and flows, and it may be that the
Evening star., 1932-12-29
Compulsory Voting?
ON the Pasadena Star-News.

From the Pasadena Star-News.
1t seems evident that government
eventually must take cognizance of nom
voting and r1abe provision for compell-
ing eligible voters to 60 to the polls on
made SO harsh that the nCn-yoter would
be impeIled to change his way and go
to the polls.
1t may be necessary in the near future
to make voting legally compulsory. The
Nation is drifting rapidly toward this
action. Those who do not vote have be-
come real-a very real-menace to
the country. Some of thsm are splen-
did citizens otherwise. Many of them
would be shocked and angry if they
we're outrightly told that they are
foe to the country and to its welfare.
And yet this is just what they are.
And the time Is near at hand when the
law must recognize them for what they
are and must put stern stress upon
them to compel them to perform their
duties of citizenship.
The supervisors of Los Angeles County
have take ncognizance of the non-voter
in a rather novel manner. The super
visors have ordered Stricken0EoIn the
county'S employment list all persons
who were eligible to vote but who failed
to vote in the August or November elec-
tions. This seems bit drastic. but the
evil at which it is directed can be cor
rected only in drastic way.
Government in this country must vim
dicate itself. Government must demon
strate that it can and will sustain its
integrity by the wise use OF all the
powers and prerogatives vested in gov
ernn1ent by the United States Consti-
tuition and laws made in conformity
Herewith.
If the people must be jolted, so to
speak, into realization of their respon-
sibility as citizens, in maintaining gov
ernment and discharging the duties Of
citizenship at the polls, then let the
jolting be done.
Evening star., 1932-12-29

land does likewise. The idea has a Ger
tain fascination for the lay mind. It
implies planet with a responsive sur
face. planet capable Of adjustment to
circumstances. That law Of other forms
of creation is one OF the major principles
OF the universe. To survive, adaptability
Is necessary. The philosophic connota.
tons are obvious.
In the shifting kaleidoscope OF ex-
istence change is the central fact, but
1t is species of change which, in
itself, is reliable permanency. 1t is
an ordered, mathematical change: not
anarchistic in its nature. Men, toiling
over the earth, Of course, are not i'm
mllne to the influence of the law. They
change in body. mind and spirit. They
change in their relation to other men
and to nature and all Of natures multi
tudinous manifestations of space and
time and organization. To make the
best possible adjustment to change,
then, must be the proper business, the
conscious goal, of individuals, nations
and races. Difficulties arise from NAL
adjustment. The present economic
slump is but one example of a faulty
relation or a series of faulty relations
in the arrangements of world industry,
world production and world consump-
ton. The slump will give place to
prosperity when the right adjustment
has been made. OF course, it need not
be said that mads-to-order panaceas,
unnatural in ideolngy, can be of little
help. The proper adjustment must be
one which takes into account all the
intricate and diverse factors of the
problem.
The labors of Mr.. LOOMS and DR..
Stetson may be somewhat beyond the
comprehension of the laity, but the
basic science of their enterprise is not
hard to understand. They are demon
strating, seemingly. a new proof of the
harmonious nlutability of the earth.
They are contributing to the philo-
sophie doctrine of constructive adjust
ment, law of human as of other life.
Evening star., 1932-12-29
Meeting the Relief Deficiency.

The urgent deficiency bill about to be
reported to the House is understood to
carry $625 ZOO. or one-half, of the mil
lion and quarter sum recommended
by the Budget Bureau and the Com
missioners for emergency local relief.
The appropriation of this amount is in
line with the view previously expressed
by Chairman Byrns, who construes the
problem before his committee as one
relating to deficiencies alone. Roughly
speaking, the deficiency in emergency
relief funds for the current fiscal year.
which ends next July. is half the amount
necessary to carry on the public relief
work during the calendar year 1888.
Chairman Byrns' decision, as reported,
Is logical and fair
1t is to be remembered, however,
that his action in cutting the requested
funds by one-half places responsibility
on the subcommittee handling regular
District appropriations to carry the
other half into the District appropria-
tlO!l Dlll- "Ileu lledI lIlSS OcSul Oll ILLS
bill it may be well If the Commissioners,
testifying on the need for relief money,
revise their estimates Of what will be
necessary. The administrators of the
public relief money and the welfare
and social workers who appeared before
Mr. Byrns' subcommittee indicated that
the Sl,250,000 for the calendar year
1888 will not be enough to maintain the
present standards Of relief and these
standards have already been lowered
The great danger of spreading public
relief too thin arises from the fact
that only Congress can make local
funds available for relief. The process
Of obtaining additional funds from
Congress is necessarily slow, and If the
demand for relief should continue to
increase as it has been Increasing, the
depletion of relief funds might produce
an exceedingly serious situation in
Washington. Whatever the amount of
funds finally appropriated, there should
be definite assurance from the ad-
ministrative officials that the money
will be enough to last until the next
regular session of Congress, convening
in December, 1888.
Evening star., 1932-12-29
Opera and the People.

Herbert Witherspoon. famous Ameri-
can basso and director of the Cincin-
natl Conservatory of Music, came to
Washington to address the annual con-
Ventlon OF the Music Teachers Ma
tional Association. He told his hearers
that grand opera in the United States
should be 'revolutionized" Not long
ago John Mccormack made the same
suggestion. Both artists realize that
there is something fundamentally wrong
with opera in America, and both be-
!ieve that a strong application of de-
mocracy is what is needed.
For quarter of century at least, if
not for much longer, opera has been a
rich mans toy, rich mans philan-
thropy, and the great masses of the
people have been shut away from it. No
wonder there has been steady decline
in that branch of the theater. When a
full days pay is asked for a seat in
gallery, a weeks salary for a pair of
tickets to the orchestra floor. opera be-
comes thing about which ordinary
men and women may dream and hope,
but about which they never can be
really enthusiastic. It is all very well
for the c1ars of the Metropolitan to
complain that the public does not sup
port the opera, but it is eminently fair
to inquire why any other attitude on
the part of the masses should be ex-
pected, conditions being what they are
Why, for example, should opera
houses occupy priceless locations in the
downtown sections of cities when OBJ
viously 1t would be less expensive to To-
cate them where land Is cheaper? Why,
again, should an opera star be paid the
equivalent of a presidential salary? Why
is it necessary to spend a million dol
lars, or even hundred thousand dol
lars. on single production? Why is it
imperative to repeat over and over again
the worn-out works of generations dead
and gone when there must be COM
posers living who are capable of writing
new things equally worth producing, If
not more worthy? Why, in word, does
opera have to be such a presumptuous
thing? 1t seems perfectly apparent that
opera as an institution has suffered
from delusions of grandeur and that it
IS time to trim it Of its extravagances.
Mr.. Witherspoon is up in arms against
"the diamond horseshoe" but the fault
does not lie in that direction. Opera
has fallen upon evil days because Of its
own inherent shortcomings. 1t would
have perished long ago had it not been
for the well-to-do. The poor were ex-
lied, the rich exploited and the man
ayers, the impresarios, the conductors
and the stars imagined that everything
was quite as it should be. They were
mistaken, and the present depression,
it may be hoped, has shown them the
error Of their ways.
Good modern opera ought to be avail
able at popular prices" with orchestra
tickets at not more than two dollars
each. 1t could be done, and it should be
done. But 1t may be too much to hope
that, even under the lash of the indigna-
ton of Mr.. Witherspoon and Mr.. Nc
Cormack, anything will be done. Opera
and high costs seem to be indissolubly
linked, and separation Is rather too
much to expect.
Evening star., 1932-12-29
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN.

ttoatton made to ascertain diherences
in the cost Of living in various el..es .tsroI
the world made by the lnterla'Ioii''
A Stockholm. Sweden, Is tne o,6ent
city OF Importance In the moyI.
where the cost OF living Tor tne NsOs. MU.n
ingman is higher than in Detroit. ihese
cities, arranged in the order OF equii
lent wages, are: Detroit, Sl.5oo' Sto
holm, sl,575; Frankfort, 81 :3S2: CopenL GarL
hagen, s1,353; Berlin. sl.35o, ,;.ofnrr G'
sl,274; Marseille, s1,193; Mancnes.eI'
sll2o: warsaw. s1,O46: Rotterdam
s1,O35: Istanbul, s1.014; Antwerp $780,
and Barcelona, $917.
@. How was the news Of the capitu.
lation of CORVALLIS at Yorktown SEM
to Philadelphia?-Q. A.
A. Tench Tilghman was selected 70
carry the letter announcing the sur
render to the President OF Congress
Thomas Mexican. Spreading the uo-
phia in about four days-Octooer ZS'
1881.
@. Where did the art of batik origi-
nate?-S. c.
A. Some believe that it originated
in China and others believe that 1t Is
an outgrowth of methods employed
many centuries in India.
@. What was done with the timber
from the White House which was re-
placed in the recent renovation?-
H. I. H.
A Much of the wood from the
White House roof, which was of Vir-
ginia white pine, more than 100 years
old has been purchased by people from
every section of the country. Much
has been made into gavels for the use
of organizations, The average price Is
inches broad and 4 inches in depth,
sufficient to make a gavel.
Q. What is the derivation of the
word, candidate, w N
A. 1t is from the Latin .candidus,"
which means gEttering or white. In
ancient Rome a man campaigning for
Office wore white toga and was called
"candidatus," one clothed in white
@. To what country does Lower
California belong?-C. L. NJ.
A. 1t forms two states, belonging to
Mexico.
O. What sort of material was serge
originany?-H. r.
A. The material originally desig-
mated by the name serge" must have
been silk. Before the sixteenth GEN.
tury it is mentioned chiefly as material
for hangings, bed covers and the like.
AfterWard it often was used in refer
cnce to the clothing worn by the poorer
classes.
@. Does the Chinese exclusion act
apply to the Hawaiian and Philippine
Islands ?-F. o.
A. These exclusion measures were
applied to the Hawaiian and Philip
pine Islands in 1900 and 1902, respec-
lively.
@. Did Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt
shake hands at the Presidents New
Year reception?-H. V. D.
A Mrs Roosevelt did not shake
hands, and at her first New Year re-
ception carried a large bouquet of
flowers, which made the ordeal physl-
cally impossible.
Q. Are patty shells supposed to be
eaten?-A. T.
A. If they are made Of pastry, they
are eaten with the fork.
G. What was the doctrine Of laissez
faire?-U. T.
A. Laissez faire may be defined as
the doctrine which demands the mini
mum interference by the Government
IN economic and political affairs. The
doctrine arose at the end Of the seven
teenth and the beginning of the eight
ccnth centuries as a protest against the
excessive regulation Of industry by
Government action.