Evening star., 1932-01-10
BY GASTON NERVAL

- VERBODY Is hoping that 1882
l. will score a vast improvement
over 1881. A more impressive
IL record than that Of last year
in the matter of political and
economic upsets can hardly be found
in the memory of the present genera
ton.
Nearly everything went wrong in
1881: economic theories, financial Sys-
TENS, political institutions, had set
back Nations, just as much as In
diyiduals, had reasons to complain for
their share of trouble, uneasiness and
disappointment during the year just
ended
The japanese, to make the picture
complete, contributed with the break
down of the peace machinery which
had been so devotedly built by the
statesmen of the world during the last
decade.
There is one cause, however, which
saw progress during 1881, and found
in it several reasons for encourage
ment-the cause of Pan-Americanism.
No matter how different deflni-
ton of Pan-Americanism each person
may have in mind, 1t Is evident that
good will among the countries in the
New World-which Pan-Americanism
! 1mplies-made important gains dur
ing the year just closed.
Such gains may be explained as the
result of a series Of official and unof-
fetal acts which, either purposely or
indirectly, contributed in 1881 to elimi-
nate misunderstanding still pending
between tie American republics OF
Latin origin and the United States.
Outstanding Official Acts.
Among the official acts the follow
ing are outstanding: The celebration,
Tor the first time in the continent, Of
Pan-American day; the new Nicar-
| aguan policy announced by Secretary
StlmSon; the return to the old Jeffer-
Sonlan policy for the recognition OF
Evolutionary governments; the State
departments stand on the true mean
ing and scope of the Monroe Doctrine.
To these acts, which on the whole
! give indication of the existence of a
new Latin American policy In the
White House-the policy of non-inter-
Ierence-other unofficial attitudes, and
happenings of a material nature may
De aoded which were factors in pro-
! motlng the same inter American un-
oerStanding during the year. Para
mount among these are: The devel-
opment Of aerial communications the
poncy OF tolerance adopted by the Wall
street bankers with respect TO the
deot defaults imposed by the crisis;
the strengthening of commercial ties
ana the growing sense of cooperation
IN economic matters, also resulting
from the crisis; the assistance given
oy the United States in the solution
OF some Latin American boundary
questions; the humanitarian help rem
oereo by the United States in the case
| OF the Nicaraguan earthquake; the
ceieoratlon of cultural meetings to de-
Velop the intellectual aspects of Pan
AmericaniSm, etc.
For the first time In history Pan
American day" was observed last
year April IA, throughout the conti-
nent. In the United States President
hoover called upon the schools, civic
associations and the people in general
10 celebrate the day with appropriate
ceremonies, thereby giving expression
70 the spirit of continental solidarity
ano 10 the sentiments of cordiality and
friendly feeling which the Government
ana people of the United States enter
IAN toward the people and govern
hients OF the other republics OF the
american continent"
Communique by Stimson.
Almost at the same time, and moved
py the recurrence Of rebel activities In
nicaragua, Secretary Stinson issued
an onclal communique announcing
tnat the United States would not pro-
tect with armed force the property OF
american citizens menaced by MICA
raguan bandits. He went further ano