davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1932-05-11
PLANE MODEL CONTESTS
TO BE RECORD BREAKING
More Competitors Than Ever Be-
fore in Annual Event at Smith
sonian This Afternoon.

The largest field Of competitors ever
enrolled in a scale model airplane COM
petition in the National Capital is ex-
pected to compete for prizes in the an
nual scale model contest opening this
afternoon in the Aircraft Building of
the Smithsonian Institution under
auspices of the District Model Aircraft
League.
Entries must be registered with the
Receiving Committee between and 6
pm. today. The entire exhibition will
be open to the public until Monday.
Awards will be made Friday afternoon
in the auditorium of the New National
Evening star., 1932-05-11
"STRAFING" DESCRIBED
Reserve ofacers Told Of Attack
Aviation.

The development Of attack. aviation
from its beginning early in the World
War into one of the most deadly forms
Of military operation was described to
reserve officers Of the Army Air Corps
by Lieut.. Roland Birnn Of the office Of
the chief Of the Air Corps at q meeting
last night in the Munitions Building.
He also showed Official Air Corps mo-
tion pictures Of spectacular demonstra-
tions by attack planes under actual
combat conditions at Camp Stanley,
Texas.
A majority of the reserve officers pres
ent were members Of the 409th Attack
Squadron, local reserve unit.
Amiens, France, will continue its
commercial and industrial exposition
through June and July.
Evening star., 1932-05-11
Music and Musicians
Reviews and News of Capitals Programs.

which is to be sung by large chorus,
assisted by the Marine Band, will be
conducted by Capt. Taylor Branson
of the Marine Band. The soloist for
the evening will be Robert Wiedc--
field, baritone, of Baltimore, who viii
also be a soloist tomorrow at tl,c
luncheon given at the Mayf1ower In
honor of the officers of the National
Board of Federated Music Clubs.
Evening star., 1932-05-11
FOOD RELIEF FOR MANILA
Red Cross Cables $4,000 for Ty-
phoon Sufferers.

In response to cable reports from
Gov. Gen. Theodore Roosevelt on dis
astrous results Of the typhoon which
almost devastated JclO and other
islands of the Philippines on April %
the American Red Cross has cabled
$4,000 to the Red Cross chapter 1T
Manila for food relief.
The situation was repCr r. ~
welt to be grave, with lao, 900 persons
affected, about 100 killed, truILs an
trees destroyed and so per cent of the
corn and rice crops ruined.
Evening star., 1932-05-11
Lisa Gardiner Dancers
In Recital Saturday.

THIRTY Washington dancers will
appear in the recital of ballets
and accompanying advertisements to
be given by Lisa Gardiner and her
senior dance group Saturday evening
Of this week. at $50 o'clock, at
Wardman Park Theater. In the
classical ballet. "Chopiniana. Miss
Gardiner and Anne Vucinavich will
be the solo dancers. assisted by the
ensemble in the opening and closing
waltz numbers of the ballet, and with
Anne Vucinavich. Kathleen Piazza
and Lizzi Yoder appearing in a pas
de trois, the maZurka. Special solo
numbers will also be created by Alice
Louise Hunter, Alice Canter, Betty
Sahm. Fills Speich. Kathleen Piazza,
Margaret Becker, Frances RandS and
Jane DunScombe.
Evening star., 1932-05-11

England's radio industry produced
nearly $115,o0o,Oo0 worth Of sets last
wear.
Evening star., 1932-05-11

VXZALLHIDE-the Vrolized Oil
wv Paint now makes painting
only a one-day job! Start painting
any room in the morning, that
evening you hang your pictures
and curtains.
Because of the unique proper
ties of Vitolized Oil, Wallhide
stays alive and elastic. 1t does not
show brush marks or laps. When
youwash your walls, you know that
if they are painted with Wallhide
they will not fade, chalk or chip.
Of course this means real saw
ing to you.
FesDer coats required
What's more, Wallhide saves you
money on the original cost, too.
That is because this new paint
noSsesses far
Evening star., 1932-08-14

LONDON-A campaign against tip
ping in general, and the usual 10 per
cent scale in particular, is bringing
home the implications Of economic dis
location to an army of individuals along
the tourist trail in this country and
on the continent, already hard hit by
the slump in traffic.
What has brought this subject to a
head in Great Britain is the reduced
value Of the pound sterling in certain
countries and the popp@sity oil the
short cruise in big liners this Summer.
AS many of these excursions on tne
deep last nearly as long as an Atiantlc
crossing, the tipping, when done on the
usual scale, has added heavily TO the
cost of a vacation af1oat which seemed
TO be a cheaper way of spending the
time than to be at the mercy OF a
clearinghouse keeper at seaside re-
sort.
In the view even of seasoned globe
trotters, now is the time to do battle
once and for all with the tipping demon.
1t Is suggested by this type OF rebel that
when a traveller engages his passage
ne should pay an excess OF 10 per cent
preferably per cent-to the steam
ship company. The vacations OF some
landlubbers afioat for the first time
have been spoiled because as soon as
they parked" themselves in deck chairs
they began TO hear from old-timers al
about the mysteries OF tipping. Iney
Evening star., 1932-08-14
Europe Again Battles Tipping Evils,
Especially Against 10 Per Cent Scale

had had no previous experience OF ltch-
ing palms except those perhaps OF a
taximan. station porter or fiunkies OF
moderate priced hotels.
Even before the recrudescence Oh
the anti-tipping agitation hosts OF KING
Georges subjects had already decided
to risk voluble remonstrance from
numerous quarters by slaShlng the SIZE
of gratuities, apd were set the 1rugaI
example by their woman folk. AS
consequence. the 3-penny tip Is ire
quently proffered where siXpence uSeo
to be regarded as a fair average. Ine
shilling Cor 25-cent) tip Is propaply
dispensed more carefully today tnan
at any time since the war, as the taxi
drivers are quick to admit. The night
owl who goes home in the early hours
is not so hard-hearted. He is ready
to hand out shillings or half crown
when the taxi "clock" registers 10 or
IL shillings and he finds himself safe
If uncertain on his own threshold
The biggest slump in tipping has,
however, been felt in fashionable res
taurants owing to the economic blight
on banqueting. With the income tax
collector on the warpath, even the high
roller has to think twice before spon-
soring big party, cracking a few bot
ties of bubbles" and paying a hand
some tip to the band leader to SUBJ
stitute favorite tunes for those on the
! tCopyright, ls32.>
Evening star., 1932-08-14
French Are firing of Old Type Opera,
With Public Demanding New Idea

PARIS.-what this country needs,
among other things. is new concep-
ton Of opera. Otherwise the two
state music theaters, the Opera and
the Opera -Comique, will develop into
museums, where operas of various dates
will be exhumed and performed periodi-
cally. just as the Louvre holds special
exhibitions of paintings by this or that
master.
Hitherto both theaters have been
operated on a dual basis partly as
museums of music and partly as bust
ness propositions, with the box office as
barometer. AS business propositions,
both today are reckoned utter failures.
Were it not for the subventions accorded
by the state from the public funds they
would have to close.
AS 1t Is, the government has just in
creased by $4,000 the annual subven-
ton for the opera, bringing 1t to
$4,000, and even with this it Is not
expected that the current balance sheet
will show anything other than deficit.
Even Gounod's Faust" long the great
standby, no longer draws as it used to.
Built so Years Ago.
The Opera was built some go years
ago. when the Italian conception c.
opera still prevailed in France-that it
interested the classes principally and
that the classes went there more to see
and to be seen than to listen to music.
Today this conception Is obsolete.
An attempt has been made to ac-
climatize the German conception
works of such character and such length
that the listener becomes literally satu-
rated with music. This attempt has
not been entirely successful. So that
today every one concerned Is asking for
new formula.
Evening star., 1932-08-14

confined largely to few limited areas
in Florida, North Carolina, Southeast
ern Michigan and the suburban area
around Cleveland. Other defaults, such
as irrigation districts in California and
some special assessment districts in the
Northwest, are very scattered; and no
other areas disclose trends toward
widespread defaults"
Debt Totals Decrease.
If our cities were meeting their in
terest payments and maturing issues
by fresh borrowings, this generally ia
vorable position would be illuSory. Be
cause some cities have been forced by
circumstances to resort to refunding is
sues, there seems to be q general I'M
preston in the country that municipal
tiles generally, despite the warnings OF
the times, are plunging deeper and
deeper into debt.
This is also mistaken belief. Partly,
perhaps, because of the fact that bonds
are not as easy to sell; partly because
the people or their representatives are
not so cheerfully willing to authorize
new issues, partly because so many
cities have issued serial rather than
term bonds, the fact Is that the munich
pal debt figures are tending downward
Mr.. C. E. Rightor Of the Detroit Bu-
reau of Governmental Research in the
June number of The National Munich
pal Review publishes his annual review
of the bonded debt Of 289 cities those
having a population in excess OF 3O,-
oo0). When compared with Mr.. Rlgh-
tors previous tables this shows that no
less than ITO Of these cities reduced
their outstanding debts Excluding SELL
supporting issues during 1881; l0f
cities showed a similar reductlon IN
1928; 95 reduced their debt in 1929, ana
81 did SO in 1880. No less than 70
cities reduced their net Indebtedness IN
each of three consecutive years 1879,
1890 and 1881. Increases in debt by
relatively few of the larger cities ac-
count for a rise in the total.
Not only are most cities retiring
their maturing debts as they come due,
but new issues Gncluding refunding is
sues) for the first half of 1882, as re-
ported by The Bond Buyer, are about
one-third less than the average for the
first six months of the last 10 years.
It is, therefore, apparent that the
movement toward the reduction OF net
debts Of municipalities is continuing.
Faced, as almost all of them are,
with declining revenues, the cities have
not only had to meet their debt service
charges and reduce their net debts, but
they have been hard pressed in many
instances by the problem OF financing
their current obligations.
The inability of Chicago and Phila-
delphia, among many others. to meet
current pay rolls; the plight Of New
York when the bankers demanded GER
tain economies as the condition for ex-
tending current credits; the difficulties
with financing relief projects in many
cities-all these come under the head
ing of current financing rather than
under that definition of insolvency that
is concerned with defaults.
1t is impossible with the meager
information at hand to say just how
many cities have dropped behind in
Evening star., 1932-08-14

French musicians and producers are
still cropping for that formula. While
not despising foreign efforts and for
eign influences they would prefer that
formula to be national Gustave
Charpentier's Louise" marked an
epoch in the history Of opera and
Claude DebuSsy's "Pelleas and Meli-
sande" marked another, but both the
realistic school and the symbolist school
seem to have had their day. although
the two works in question remain
among those which take in most morl-
ey at the doors.
that except for their value as ''mu-.
scum pieces" which certainly is such
that they should be performed with
regularity, the conventional operas OF
yore have lost their appeal. This
world has outlived old-fashioned stage
conventions.
Complicated Problem.
There Is agreement also on another
point-that the solution of the prob
lem is complicated by the fact that in
days when every one can have me-
chanical music at home there must be
a very powerful attraction to induce
the public to go to a theater to hear
more music.
Where is inspiration to be sought for
this new conception of opera? Musi-
clans, singers and producers suggest the
Russian ballet. the various "Follies'
and other reviews, negro folklore, jazz
and similar sources. Pending compo-
sition according to the new formula,
the opera continues to lose money and
the Opera -Comique is closing for three
(copyriTht. 1s3a.> -.
Evening star., 1932-08-14

people have been greatly diminished or,
in some instances, abandoned.
Numerous as may be the meanings
assigned by different persons in differ
ent circumstances to the word solvent
in this connection, they are hardly as
confusing as the differing concepts Of
the word cities" In general discus
sions Chicago" and Cook County"
are often popularly thought of as
synonymous, despite the disputes that
statement might evoke in Evanston CT
Cicero
But governmentally there are some
thing more than 400 different munic-
ipal authorities in Cook County, most
of them with taxing power, and many
with separate funded debts. Some OF
these minor governments are in default
in respect OF their funded obligations
Those which depend on taxation for
their revenues, instead Of special as
sessments, have all suffered badly
enough from the epreSSion-including
the City of Chicago which has not de-
faulted in its debt service, although it
has not been able to finance current
expenditures. But their basic troubles
lie in a tax tangle which arose before
the depreSsion-in court actions Ques-
tioning the validity of tax assessments
which have delayed tax collections for
over two years.
Now, Chicago as a city government
has not had to meet the problem of
relief of the unemployed, because that
happens to be an obligation Of Cook
County as county government. Yet
no one speaks of the enormous relief
problem in the second largest city of
the land except as Chicago problem.
To the welter Of conclusion rising
from the overlapping layers of govern
ment represented by county, city, school
district, park district and the like
there is the further complication Of
special assessment districts against
which bonds have been issued for this
or that special improvement-paving
lighting, sewerage, drainage, and what
not.
Most Of the "municipals" that are in
default are the obligations Of these
special assessment districts. 1t is prob
able that these special assessment dis
trict defaults have had the effect of
impairing the general credit of the
solvent cities to an extent not justified
by the facts. It IS q penalty Of the
confusion Of terminology in the field
Of municipal government.
Mr.. Carl H. Chatters, director Of the
Municipal Finance officers Associa-
ton of the United States and Canada,
is one of the best informed men in the
country with respect to this problem.
He said to me:
There are 191 cities in the United
States with population in excess of
SO 900 according to the 1880 census.
have gone over the list of these cities
in detail and do not believe that more
than IL out of 191 have defaulted on
their debt obligations during the
present depression.
"The defaults that have occurred
have been confined largely to special
assessment obligations or to districts
where the taxpaying ability Of the gen.
eral taxpayer has been ruined by Spe-
cial assessments. Known defaults are
Evening star., 1932-08-14
BY LOUIS BRCWNLOyy,

Y UNPAID school teachers in Chi
cago making pitiful shift to
avoid starvation, while the au-
" thorities wrangle over the tax
opole. IpOaid DOlicenen in
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-01-07
WHEAT HAS DECIDED
TENDENCY TO ADVANCE

Minneapolis, Jan. 7-(R)-There was
ragged squirt in wheat business
about the grain market opening
Thursday with prices showing a
decided tendency to gain on account
of the stock market and sundry bull
ish news items from abroad. The
close was higher.
The first advance carried SAC be-
fore being checked. After a little
hesitation another half-cent was
added but this last addition invited
some profit-taking and a moderate
reaction.
May wheat futures close 7-8 high
err and July SD higher.
Coarse grain futures were fairly
firm. Oats gained Ia cent and stay
ed there. Rye gained 1-2 at the OPEN
ing and IA more later. Barley was
Ia higher at the opening and gain,
ed 1-8 more later. Flax sta1ted un-
changed and held so for quite a Pc
riod. There was no trade in corn
; Tone of the cash wheat market was
dull and firm. There was very little
stuff of desirable quality offered.
There was not enough durum and
winter wheat in to make market.
Cash corn offerings were very light.
Oats demand was quiet. Rye was
wanted and very scarce. Barley Was
scarce with mailing quality wanted.
Flax demand was fair and offeringes
were very light.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-01-07
Livestock
so. ST. PAUL LIVESTOCK


South St. Paul, Jan. 7.-(AP-U.S.
D.A.-Cattle-1,6 900; opening mostly
steady to strong; considerable num-
Der steers and yearlings included;
early sales mostly 100000; with
few yearlings at 100000; part load
Of $40 h., weights at latter prices;
beef cows 3.25-4.00 or better; butch
err heifers 3.75-5.5O; cutters and low
cutters mostly 2.25-2.75; bulls strong
to slightly higher; bulk weighty
medium. grades 3.75-4O0; odd head
to 4.25; palmer kinds down to 800
and below; stockers and feeders
scarce. Calves, 400; vealers fully
steady; medium to choice grades
mostly 4.5O-6.50; selected lots to
around 700.
Hogs. 10000: rather slow; lights
and underweights unevenly 1925
higher than Wednesday: l40-220 lbs.
4.10-4.25; top 425; paid mostly fo-
l40-170 pounds and occasional lots up
to 200 pounds. Pigs largely 400: very
little done on other classes: undertone
strong and asking unevenly higher:
average cost Wednesday 1886: weight
213 pounds.
Sheep, 1000: nothing done early:
undertone weak to lower on slaughter
lambs; packers talking $3.50 lower;
asking steady; late Wednesday bulk
fed lambs to packers 6.l5: top on ma
tives 600.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-01-07
NEW YORK

New York, Jan. 7.-(P)-Poultry
dressed irregular. Fowls fresh Is to
%; frozen Is to %; turkeys fresh Ia
to 81. Live firm; chickens by ex-
press IS to %; broilers by express IL
to ~; ROSTERS by express 10 to IL;
turkeys by express l8 to 30; ducks
by freight IL to 20.
Jersey and other nearby white
premium marks 81 to 80; nearby and
nearby western hennery whites, close
ly selected extras 20 to 80; average ex-
tras q to %: extra firsts Is to Is
1-2; firsts Is to Is 1-2; marked nedi-
ums Is l-2 to 26 1-2; refrigerator
whites, nearby. best "a to 26; fari
to good 10 to %; nearby and western
hennery quality browns, fancy to ex-
ira fancy ~ to %; Pacific coast, fresh,
white. shell treated or liners, closely
selected extras q to 80; extra firsts
q IA to % IA: marked mediums n.
New York, Jan. 7.-(R-Eggs 9,245;
steady. Mixed colors, firsts % IA
to % 1-2.
Butter 1l,275; unsettled. Creamery
extra (92 score) Is 1-2 to Is; firsts
(83 to 81 score) % to Is IA.
Cheese ls3,0o6; steady, unchanged.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-01-07
WHEAT PRICES HIT
Highest LEVEL IN
LAST THREE WEEKS
Cables Say European Continent
tai Countries Buying on
Liberal Scale

Chicago, Jan. 7.-(P)-Best prices
on wheat since a week before Christ
mas were reached Thursday In cor.
nection with strength of Wall Street
securities and with further export
purchases.
Cables said European continental
countries were buying wheat on a
liberal scale. A leading Australian
exporter was asserted to have sold
100000 bushels of wheat to China.
Wheat closed unsettled, 1-2 to 7-8
above Wednesdays finish, May 81
So to Sd, July Sc ga to TO. Corn
Ia to 3-8 up, May Al ga, July 43 IA.
Oats unchanged to Ia higher, and
provisions varying from 5 cents de-
cline to IL cents advance.
Opening Ia to SD higher, wheat
afterward held near the initial limits.
Corn started unchanged to Ia high
er and continued firm.
Supplies of Russian wheat in Great
Britain were reported Thursday as
rapidly diminishing and Black Sea
shipments were smaller, indicating
that wintry conditions were curtail-
ing the movement Of grain. Fore
casts of Argentine wheat exports also
were devoid Of indications Of any i'm
porant increase. Furthermore,
domestic receipts of wheat at pri-
mary centers continued to shrink.
In various quarters, significance
was placed on assertions that the
United States farm board has booked
at least little vessel room to Ant
werp. presumably for the export of
wheat from this country.
Winnipeg advised that Canadian
rural holders of wheat were selling
little or nothing. Corn and oats dis
played relative firmnesS, owing
largely to wheat price upturns.
Provisions were steadied by a rise
In hog values.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-01-07
CHICAGO

Chicago. Jan. 7.-(P-U. 8. Dep.
Agr.)-Hogs, $4,000; including 5000
direct: steady to IS higher; lighter
weights up most; 140-2l0 lbs, 4.40-
4.5o; few ASS; top 400; 100000 lbs !.
4.00-4.35: pigs 4.00-4.35: packing sows
3.35-3.50.
Light lights. good and choice 140-
l60 lbs, 4.30-4.50; light weight 10000
lbs, 4.35-4.60: medium weight 200-250
lbs. 4.15-4.55; heavy weight 250-350
lbs, 3.85-4.25: packing sows medium
and good 275-500 lbs. 3.30-3.60; pigs,
good and choice 100 1870 lbs, 4.00-440
Cattle, $500: calves, 1000, general
trade steady to as lower: mostly
steady; good and choice grades In de-
mand on shipper account; small kill
ers fairly active; bulk steers, common
to medium grades selling at $50
downward; top 1925.
Slaughter cattle and vealers:
Steers, good and choice 100000 lbs.
7.75-l1.5O; 900-1l00 lbs, 7.75-ll.50;
l100-130O lbs. 7.25-11.25: 1300-l500
lbs. 7.25-l1.25; common and medium
00O-130O lbs. 425-725: heifers, good
and choice 550-050 lbs. 600-8.50:
common, and medium 3.75-600; cows.
good and choice 4.25-5.50: common
and medium 3.25-4.25; low cutter and
cutter 2.00-3.26: bulls (yearlings ex-
cluded) good and choice (oeef AS
ATS: cutter to medium 3.00-4.40: veal
ers milk fed good and choice 600
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-01-07
Firms PLANNING new
LIQUOR REGULATIONS
Proposed Bill Will Restrict Right
to Buy, Give Profits to
Government

Helsingfors, Finland, Jan. 7.-(P)-
The governments new liquor bill will
be introduced in parliament Jan. IS.
it was announced Thursday.
Among its provisions will be one
requiring purchasers Of liquor to file
applications with the local manager
of the distributing company, giving
certain personal information from
which will be compiled a special re-
ference list of buyers.
All persons under Is will be barred
from buying under the bills provi-
sions, as will all non-commiSSioned
ranks Of the army, without the per-
mission of their superiors. Combined
purchases, to be split up later, will
not be permitted.
The proposal will call for a state
monopoly to control the production
and importation of all spirits and to
be administered by board Of con-
troll, all the profits going to the
state.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-01-07
Find Farm LabOrer
Poisoned Himself

Rugby. N. D., Jan. 7.-R-Sig Nell
son, IS, farm laborer found dead iii
a haymow north of here Dec. is aft
er being missing since Sept Is, diet
from the effects Of poison self admin.
istered, q coroner's jury held here.
Sivert Armstrong. held as ma
terial witness, was released. Three
hundred persons attended the inquest
before L. A. Rooms. acting coroner.
When the inquest was started inn
mediately after the discovery Of Nell
soll's body. witnesses testified Nell
son and Armstrong had engaged in a
series Of fights at Wolford Septem-
Der 10. Armstrong was held without
charge an iater released on bonds
Of $500 pending reports from the
laboratories Of the University Of
North Dakota ct Grand Forks In re-
gard to the contents OF Nelson's Wis.
cera and . bottle found near the
body. Meanwhile the inquest wal
postponed until Wednesday.
The university reports showed the
poison n the viscera and that IN the
bottle were similar. Nelson formerly
lived at Cas- Lake, MINI. He had