davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1932-10-16

A FEW outrageous occurrences there were
portrayed as ordinary events and Tilden.
the reformer, was held up facing way in
the North and another in the South. BY this
means the Republicans were able to hold the
bulk of the voters loyal to their party.
The returns on election night showed that
Tilder had 1874 undisputed electoral votes. one
less than necessary for choice, and that Hayes
had 165. The votes of Florida. Louisiana and
South Carolina were for Tilden on the face
of the returns, but were claimed for Hayes.
and on technicalty one vote in Oregon was
claimed by each side.
If the Democrats got only one of the dis
Evening star., 1932-10-16

Rutherford B. Hayes, who von the pres
idency after the most unusual electoral
tangle in american history.
puted votes Tilden would become President. To
elect Hayes the Republicans had to have all the
votes in dispute. The three doubtful States
were in Republican hands, but the Democrats
insisted they had carried them. The Repub-
lican officials in these States had the counting
of the votes and asserted that the election re-
turns were fraudulent.
Each Of these States proceeded to count the
votes by a board before whom went the re-
turns sent in from the counties. Each party sus-
pected fraud, and prominent Northern pOliti-
clans repaired to the doubtful States to watch
the counting and use what influence they could
to have the counts favor their respective sides.
Dark rumors ran that they used money and
promises of office freely in order to have the
counts made as they wished. Whatever the de-
cision, 1t was disputed, SO that two sets of re-
turns from each Commonwealth went to the
United States Senate, the body appointed to
count the vote.
The details of the situation in 1877 were quite
different from any that are likely to develop in
1888, but the main problem presented was fun
damentally the same namely. the arrival of
March with no lawful President in sight.
Neither the Constitution nor the laws indi-
Gated who had the right to decide which set of
votes should be counted. 1t may be hard to be-
lieve that such loophole could have been over
looked in our lawmaking but there it was, and
nobody knew what to do about it. The electoral
count act of 1887 tinkers up that particular
loophole so we need not worry any more about
that just here, even though the said dnkering
law Is probably unconstitutional.
What we do need to worry about is the main
problem then and now existing. namely, how to
Evening star., 1932-10-16
BY HENRY ". LAWRENCE.

lust what would happen if the presidential
election of 1882 resulted in tie? Not
impossibility, after all. with the old par
ties so evenly matched, and with the un-
q j certainties of depression year giving one
of the minority parties chance for
few electoral votes.
tie means. OF course, that no one party gets
more electoral votes than all the other parties
added together. The Constitution says that a
tie for the presidency must be voted off in the
House, and tie for the vice presidency must
be voted off in the Senate; but these two legis-
lative bodies almost tied themselves
between the two Old parties.
Suppose they should deadlock and fail to
select President or Vice President before
the 4th of March. Who would be President
on March 5?
The answer seems to be, Possibly the Secre-
tary of State, possibly nobody" But what
could be done to prevent the Secretary of State
or nobody from becoming President of the
United States? Here is suggestion
Let of the Supreme Court Justices
Charles Evans Hughes, for instance or Louis
D. Brandes, be given full power to decide which
Of the candidates shall be declared elected.
Since our present Constitution and body of
statutes do not clearly specify who shall be-
come. or continue to be, President and Vice
President when our inadequate electoral ma
chinery stalls, Congress, at its meeting next De-
cember, should enact law empowering desig-
mated member of the Supreme Court of the
United States to appoint to Office one of the
three highest candidates for the presidency.
THIS, you probably saying. is unconsti-
tutional, unreasonable, and asinine, and no.
body would think of adopting it. Yet in spirit
and substance and result, it Is the plan which
was actually enacted into law by Congress, and
signed by President Grant, January 20, 1877,
creating an electoral commission to decide the
deadlocked Hayes -Tilden election.
The Supreme Court justice who did the de-
Gliding was not of course Hughes Brandeis.
He was Justice Joseph P. Bradley.
The campaign of 1876 was a bitter one.
Rutherford B. Hayes of Ohio the Republican
candidate, had been dark horse before his
party's nominating convention. He had been
supported by a combination of several minor
factions against James G. Blaine, who seemed
at first to be on the way to a nomination.
The Democratic candidate, Samuel j. Tilden,
had been elected Governor Of New York in 1874
as q reformer Many people believed that II
elected President he would establish reforms In
national politics and overthrow the group OF
politicians whose influence had been response
bic for the scandals under President Grant.
The Republicans shrewdly shifted public
opinion from the scandals clustering around
the Grant administration to what was called
waving the bloody shirt"-a continual citation
Of stories of brutality to Negroes In the South.
Evening star., 1932-10-16

eIecte0 FTeSLdenf.
judge on the Electoral Commission might mean
an eight straight party vote on all
questions.
II this case should arise next Winter, and you
were Democrat. would you want Charles
Evans Hughes as the deciding judge? We'll.
that's just the way the partisans of Tilden
felt about it when the Republican Justice Jo-
seph P. Bradley was finally chosen.
Concerning Justice Bradley we are assured
by high contemporary authority that "the gen.
eral voice Of the profession and of his brethren
on the bench would place him at the head Of
all then living American jursts" and It Is
said Of him that he supplemented his voting
in the electoral commission by an opinion
noteworthy for clearness"
However, he voted with his Republican co.,
leagues on every important issue, thus making
Hayes, the Republican candidate, President.
The commission held that when the returns
came from the actual officers of State govern
ment they were to be taken as final
The Democrats were outraged, of course.
at this result, but they submitted.
Evening star., 1932-10-16

uUST what would happen if the presidential
l election of 1882 resulted in tie? Not an
impossibility after all. with the old par
ties SO evenly matched. and with the un-
j certainties of a depression year giving one
of the minority parties a chance for q
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-06-14
Demonstration in
Kansas City, June Is
When Relief Ceases

KANSAS CITY, Kansas, June 10
A mass demonstration is being or
gained here June Is, against the
closing of the Family Service Society,
which is scheduled to take place on
that date. According to the adniis-
sions of the charity heads of Kansas
City, there are over 1900 families
completely dependent upon charity.
Out of total Of $443, 900 collected in
Wyandotte County for relief, only
$4,000 has been Officially" appropri-
ated for the use of the Family Service
Society. Hundreds of families have
been cut off and the grocery orders
given out to those who we're lucky
enough to remain on the list we're
not more than $3.50 on the average
Immediately upon the announce
ment of the closing committee call
ed together by the Unemployed Coun-
Gil unanimously decided to organize
the demonstration and to specially
concentrate on the unemployed work
ers at the packing house gates. Thou.
sands Of leaflets are being circulated.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-06-14
1bort the Bonus Fight Rally Meetings June 18th 10th
Ill. State Convention
for JObleSS Insurance
Convenes in Decatur on June rs to Nominate
Communist Election Ticket seq

DECATUR, III, June 13.-The State
Convention called by the Communist
Party in Illinois takes place June &c,
at 10 a. m. in Decatur, Illinois Work
ers Center, Jackson and Prairie SITS.
At this convention the candidates of
the Communist Party will be nom
mated and the state platform will be
adopted.
The Vigilante Society in their
weekly bulletin state that they are
doing all possible to see that the
Communist Party will not be on the
ballot in the State of Illinois. They
state that they were not successful
in their fight in 1880 but expect to
be this year. The widest mobiliza-
ton of the toilers is necessary to see
that the Party is on the ballot.
Fight Sedition Law
The state convention will consider
q proposed platform which will in
clude the fight against the Illinois
Sedition Law, the wage cuts in the
mining. steel, packing and railroad
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-06-14
Pittsburgh Terminal
Strike Broken Thru
Father Cox, UMWA

PITTSBURGH, Pa June 13.-The
ten day strike of the 1000 Pittsburgh
Terminal Coal Co miners is broken,
through trickery of Pat Pagan, dis
trict president Of the United Mine
Workers and through assistance given
Pagan by Father Cox, the priest who
is organizing unemployed workers in
a movement against struggle. Cox
told the miners to take the cut and
he would see that county relief made
it up.
The UMWA got control of the
strike which they opposed from the
beginning, by sending in relief. They
then proposed to the men to go back
for 18 days more, until the UMWA
contract expires. Pagan promises to
call the men out then, if the wage
cut continues.
The runor is that the 1S days of
work given the men now will be used
by the company to clean the mines
for long shutdown.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-06-14

industries and the fight for un1era=
ployment insurance.
On August / the relief funds tco1s
leoted mainly from the workers. yin
be exhausted and notice has been
served that there will be nothing do1a
by the state to feed the unemployed.
The convention will adopt methods
Of struggle and demands against Etis
fragrant attempt of the bosses aaad
the state to starve the masses. IRIS
proposed candidates are: U. S. SEN
ator VIM. Browder, secretary OF this
Chicago District, International IabogI
Defense; Governor, Leondies McDonsI
aid, Negro stock wsrd worker, 1eads
er Of the workers on the South Sides
Arthur Hershey, militant miner from
Springfield, 1t. Governor; Frederick
z. Stohr. farmer from Casey, Secre~
tary of State; congressman at laxgs,
Leslie Hurt, worker in the rainoad
shops, leader of the Ex-Servicenen IN
Chicago, and Anthony Psczcylkowzad.
leader of the Polish workers and
wounded in the Melrose Park Mas
sacre.
All organizations, workers h 1.-The
shops, groups of workers and .t3rm-
ers are asked to send their delegates
to the State convention on SUNDAY.
June Goth.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-06-14
Won PAPEN DELEGATION TO
FOLLOW BRUENING ON =
PREPARATIONS

BERLIN, June 13.-The German
delegation to she Lausanne Confer
ence which viii be headed by Chan
2ellor Won PA@an. alch-enemy OF the
Soviet Union, IS preparing to leave
Berlin at an early cate, it was an
nat need here.
Although a "h.m determination
to repudiate repra;ions is attributed
to the delegation by the capitalist
press, it was stated here that the
delegation will follow the Bruening
policy on the question.
The Bruening policy was dictated,
as it is vel known, by the other I'M
perialist powers anxious to draw
Germany more definitely within the
anti-Soviet coalition. The threat OF
reputation is intended for home con-
sumption" - !
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-06-14
FORD TEARS INTO
DIES BILL; 81 JOIN
THE P ART Y
Buffalo Negro Toilers
Hail Communist With
Wave of Cheers

BUFFALO, N. Y, June 13.-Filling
every seat, standing in all the aisles,
and crowding the doors and window
stills, 1000 Negro and white workers
greeted James w. Ford Negro worker
and Communist candidate for vice
president of the United States at the
Workers Center here last night.
More than two-thirds of the audi
ence were Negroes, including Negro
mothers with babies, old Negro
grandmothers leaning on canes, and
young Negro workers.
AssaiIs Exile Bill
Ford tore into the Dies Bill showing
that the blow aimed at the foreign
born workers would not benefit the
native-born Negroes, as some Negro
misleaders have been claiming,
Ford went into the Scottsboro case,
and the crowd adopted a resolution
demanding the freedom of the nine
Negro boys 1t called for unemploy-
ment insurance at the expense of the
state and employers and endorsed the
demand for the bonus for the ex-
servicemen. Ford is himself a world
war veteran.
81 Join Communist Party
Hundreds of workers were turned
away for lack of room Applications
to join the Communist Party were
made by 81 workers. A collection of
$2567 was taken up.
Ford speaks today in Rochester,
N, Y, tomorrow in Syracuse, the next
day in Utica, and on June ,16 at
Schenectady, in Crescent Park. This
speech is in the same town and only
three days before the New York State
Nominating Convention of the Com
munist Election Campaign.
All of Ford's meetings in New York
State are mobilization centers for the
campaign to build a big convention
in Schenectady, June 10.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-06-14
Speed Wage-Cuts and
LayOffs in Steel
(By q worker Correspondentl


BALTIMORE.-Charley Schwa b
and his gang are proceeding with the
program of wage-cuts and lay-offs
at high speed tempo. In Baltimore,
where 10000 steel workers worked in
1929, there are now only 1000 in the
steel industry. These workers are on
the stagger system, most of them
working only two days week. The
pay of the ordinary steel workers is
Is cents an hour.
When the Bethlehem cut the wages
on the first of May Is per cent they
started new campaign of mass fir
ing. Eight hundred men were fired
during the first week in may.
Enough have we steel workers taken
from the blood-thirsty steel bosses.
1t is time for all of us to open our
eyes and think matters oyer. We
build all the factories, run the ma
chimes to produce the steel and now
we are thrown out on the scrap heap.
We are in the majority and we
are power. Let us organize into a
solid body regardless of race, creed
or color. Let us build up a strong
Metal Workers League TO fight the
wage-cuts.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-06-14

to continue the strike in the face of
the betrayal tactics of the UM.W.A.
leaders, and they urged all Ohio
strikers to take the same action.
Cutting of Relief
The state and county governments
and the Red Cross are cooperating
with the UMW,A. and the operators
by cutting off the meagre relief that
has hitherto been given to Amster-
dam strikers. Starvation is rampant
Food and funds for these strikers
must be rushed to the Workers In
ternational Relief, No. Fretter Bldg.
Bridgeport, Ohio.
The capitalist press has begun a
vicious campaign of lies against the
National Miners Union and in favor
or the U.M.WA. and the operators.
The Wheeling "Intelligencer," in re-
porting the successful formation of
a rank and file strike commute Sat-
urday, says, THE newly elected COM
mittee was formed for the purpose
OF ending the strike and of negotiat-
ing with the operators for settle
ment on any basis" The absolute
falsity of this report is so evident
that it hardly needs answering.
Another Liar
Equally untrue was story in the
Bellaire Leader" in its story on the
Flushing meeting. which elected a
rank and file strike committee. The
Leader" says the meeting was
broken up and the National Miners
Union members elected.
The largest mines in the strike
area are now trying to open again.
Militant picketing has so far pre-
vented scabs from entering them.
II. In accordance with the announced
policy Of the National Guard officers,
or not allowing the nilitiamen to
mingle too long with any group Of
strikers, the guardsmen in the Cadiz
area who are from Youngstown. are
now replaced with militiamen from
Warren,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-06-14
PeddIers Organize
Against Police Attacks
tBy a Worker Correspondent,

A-@J q sFOA6CA CCEACSHSp1AuCi4tt
NEW YORK.-Msny unemployed
workers try to exc out a living by
peddling on the streets of New York
City some small item that has mass
use such as razor blades, socks, etc.
Some peddle from hand stock and
others have pushcarts or rent them
for the day. Some are veterans who
are supposed to have a prior privi-
lege over all others in this line.
One worker. unemployed for two
years,sells razor blades. He has been
arrested two hundred and four
times. He has been fined anywhere
from one to five dollars at time
In most cases the workers receive
suspended sentences, but have their
little income seriously hurt by being
off the streets from one to two days.
A veteran has been arrested six
times in the past three months
though he has vets license to
peddle.
A fish peddler in the Bronx goes
to jail about every two weeks for
one or two days because he refuses
to pay cop So graft when arrested
and cannot afford to pay the fine
imposed by the Judge.
These peddlers are opposed by the
bosses mercantile associations. This
is why the police so relentlessly
drive them away from the places
where they might sell little of their
goods. Some of these worker-ped-
oilers are beginning to organize into
militant organization TO protect
their rights. Anyone interested may
inquire at the -TU.U.L. center Ut s
e. 18th ST
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-06-14

their surprise they saw two big po-
licemen standing in front of the
school. They went upstairs and sat
down on one of the benches While
waiting peacefully for the principal
TO call them in they saw the secre-
tary go down stairs and bring a po-
liceman up With anger the prin-
cipal opened the door of his aface
and said, What do you want here?"
All the while he made sure that he
was behind the policeman My
mother told him that they had come
TO get some food for their children
Get out of here or I'll have you ar
rested" he yelled. With a victori-
GUS look on his face he had my
mother and her friend thrown out
of the building.
This principal few weeks before
had kicked out these mothers and
told them to go back to the country
where they came from, because they
had dared to ask him for something
to feed their children with.
know that this is not the only
case of mothers being kicked out of
schools and relief bureaus because
they demanded bread for their chill
dren. What are we children to do,
are we going to starve or are we 60
ing to fight? Are we going to let
those yellow dogs treat our mothers
like that because they ask for bread
to feed US? OF course not. The
25th of this month there is going
to be a demonstration in front of
city hall and eekry mother, father,
and child should be there to demand
that the schools continue giving re-
lief during the summer vacation.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-06-14
PLEDGE FIGHT FOR
BOYS.
Youngstown Workers
Cheer Lucille Wright

YOUNGSTOWN, O., June 13,-
Eight hundred steel workers packed
the Ukrainian Hall to hear little Luz
ellie Wright, sister of two of the in
nocent Scotsboro boys. Delayed in
her arrival, the meeting elected del
egation of Negro and white workers
to meet her at the train. AS she
entered the hall, the workers rose
to their feet cheering and sang the
"Internationale."
Her appearance on the platform
again reused great enthusiasm, while
the Pioneers sang Solidarity" Her
appeal was simple and strong. At
the end Of her address she asked :
Are you going to let the bosses burn
my brothers and the other boys in
the electric CHAIR" The eight hun
bred workers rose and in. one voice
shouted a thunderous mo"
The workers also gave an enthus-
iastic reception to the son of Orphan
Jones, framed-up Negro Farmland
facing legal lynching in the State
of Maryland. Young Jones who lives
in youngstown, made a stirring ap-
peal for the workers to continue and
build the mass defense for his father.
The workers cheered as he declared
his solidarity with the revolutionary
movement and joined the Young
Communist League.
Comrade ABE Lewis, Communist
candidate for Sheriff in Mahoning
County, reported on the National
Nominating Convention and the
Communist program for the elections.
Cheering broke out when Lewis an
nounced the Communist candidates
for President and Vice President.
Foster for PRESIDENT Ford for VICE
president! Not vote for the bosses
political parties Vote Communist I"
the workers shouted
The workers voted in body for
the immediate and unconditional re-
lease Of the Scottsboro boys A reso-
luton was also unanimously adopted
calling for the most militant strug-
gle against the Alien Deportation
Bill just passed by the House of
Representatives in Washington
Scores Of Negro and white workers
joined the International Labor De-
Tense.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-06-14
Correspondence Briefs
ALL MUST SUPPORT BONUS
FIGHT

ALL MUST SUPPORT BONUS
FIGHT.
Daily Worker: New York.
In view of the tremendous possihil-
tiles the fight of the war veterans in
Washington offers the working class
and its party, the Communist Party
I suggest that the workers in the
revolutionary movement leave no
stone unturned to show the veterans
by deeds that we are with them.
This war veterans fight must not
be an isolated fight. 1t is part of
the great struggle of the working
class against starvation.
"A Party Member.
VET STOPPED COLLECTING
FUNDS.
Daily Worker: New York
Yesterday was stopped by po-
lice captain. I was collecting funds
with a box for the bonus marchers.
The captain said he had orders to
arrest all veterans collection money
on the streets for the bonus march.
The orders, he said, came from the
Mayors Committee and from Com
missioner Taylor of the Public We'll
fare.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-06-14
Students Investigate

BRIDGEPORT. Ohio, June 10. 49,
The first detachment of students
from various colleges arrived in
Bridgeport today to investigate hv-
ing and working conditions of Ohio
miners The students are from Pitts
burgh University, Carnegie Institute
of Technology, Obernn. Cincinnati,
Ohio State University. Western
Reserve and Toledo University.
This detachment will meet SO more
students in Cambridge and then all
will leave for two-day trip in the
Hooking Valley. Half of the dele
cation will then visit the East Ohio
strike area and will speak at meet
ings Of the strikers.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-06-14
Calls Cops to Gyp
Worker Out of Csc
(By a Worker Corresnondent,

Wy NorhcT COrreSpOndent)
NEW YORK. The Eton Grill at
l57 Montague ST., Brooklyn, tried to
Withhold twenty-five cents of a wait
resses pay. The boss had hired the
worker who came through an en-
ployment agency and her pay was
supposed to be three dollars week.
He fired her after half of her first
shift, giving her twenty-five cents.
She went back and demanded the
balance, the next time she was in
that section The boss tried to call
the police but was stopped by the
militancy of the workers. He was
forced to pay her The hours are
from 1000 to $3.50 for three dollars
a week. Stop this robbery, workers.!
Join the Food Workers Industrial
UnionI