davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1932-01-07
BY DIR. HOWARD A. DAWSON
Director Research and Surveys, De
partment of Education, State Of
Arkansas

The chief purposes of State-sup-
ported system of public education are
political, economic and individual. The
purpose is political in that a govern
ment founded on democratic principles
must see that it's citizens possess the
necessary knowledge, attitude and will
to perform effectively the functions OF
citizenship. Considered in this way
the public schools are the agencies
through which the democratic State
undertakes to perpetuate itself.
It is economic. Wealth is produced
by the application of human labor,
skill and intelligence to natural re-
sources. Public school training in
creases the knowledge, skill and ad-
Instability of those persons who have
its advantages and, therefore, in
creases their productive capacity,
raises their standard of living, and
thereby increases the supply of and
the demand for services and material
goods.
1t is individual in that it proposes
to improve the physical, mental and
moral well-being of the individuals
who have it's advantages.
The elementary school as a part OF
this system of public education should
perform the following specific func-
tons:
1. Bring together for educational
purposes, regardless of social status
and native endowment, all the children
of the community, and place them I'M
der the supervisor of men and women
carefully trained for their work of in
Quoting these immature members into
the life of modern society.
2. To foster activities that will in
sure the acquisition by the pupils, of
those basic skills, habits, attitudes,
dispositions, ideals, and powers re-
quired to fall members of organized
society. These activities consist large
" of the elementary mastery of the
language and number arts, and
through them the reading, magma
tive study, and appreciation of those
human experiences which have found
expression in history, geography, So
cial science, literature, art, music and
philosophy. The activities fostered
should be appropriate to the mental
and physical development of the chill
dren taught. This calls for the recog-
milton, not only of age levels, but abil-
ity levels for each age. 1t is now
practically universally accepted that
} the elementary school should provide
for approximately six years of train
ing.
In order to determine the cost of 8
satisfactory program of elementary
education it is necessary to set up the
tangible measures of the different as
poets of the public school system
which is to carry out the function:
: and purposes set forth above. These
, aspects will pertain to teachers, phys
: ical plant and equipment, the curricu
lum, materials and apparatus for in
: structional purposes, the length Of tn
: school term, type of organization, pu
= pil-teacher ratio, size of the school
transportation, and the supervision
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1932-01-07

Grafton it is likely that the universal
standard of two years is all that can
be required. There are two very good
reasons for this. In the first place,
the number of elementary teachers
with two years training is not now
sufficient to fill all the teaching posi-
tions. In the second place, because of
the relatively low ability of many
sections of the country to pay taxes,
coupled with the inadequate taxing
system, it is highly improbable that
adequate salaries to pay for the
greater amounts of training will be
paid.
The salaries paid teachers will be
determined to a large extent by the
supply and demand for persons who
have the qualifications to do the work
required. AS to what is necessary to
pay the teachers having the qualifica-
lions set forth above, we can rely
somewhat on the statistics as to sal
aries. The average salary of Federal
employees in 1928 was $1,863; the av-
erage earnings of wage earners was
1920; and the average salary of
teachers in consolidated schools was
$1,000.
DR.. Nolen M. Irby, of the Arkansas
State Department of Education, has
shown that in Arkansas the minimum
amount of money on which teachers
can maintain acceptable standards of
living and make reasonable amount
of professional progress is $1,000.
The average salary Of principals OF
rural elementary schools in the Unit
ed States in 1925 was 81, 695. In Mary
land it was $1,65O in 1929-3O, and the
median salary of Is southern states
in 1925 was $1,630. The average sal.
! airy of elementary principals in 44(
cities of population $500 to 5000 is
$1,4O9, the medians of the minimum
and maximum salaries being $1,27-
and $1,592, respectively.
Summarizing all of these facts i
would seem that the minimum salar!
of the elementary school teache
should be not less than 81 200 annu
ally, and that salary should be place.
on an annual basis, and not on ;
monthly basis. The salary of an ele
mentary principal should be a min
imum of $1,000 annually.
Every child should have the priv
lege of attending school, and eac
teacher the privilege of working in
school plant so designed as to facili
tate their educational activities an
promote their health. The plant shoul
be designed from a functional poin
of view so as best to promote tn
, physical, moral and social welfar
of the pupils and teachers, and so tina
the program Of the school can best b
carried out. The school plant shout
, represent the best in architectural de
r sign, so that it can be looked upo
with pride and respect in the commur
+, ity. The equipment should facilitat
a the carrying out of the educational az
tivities and protect and encourage tn
health, safety, morals and social vel
being of the pupils and teachers.
t Practice in the most progressiv
: school systems demand the free tex
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1932-01-07

LESSON TEXT-John Ills.
GOLDEN TEXT-Jesus saith unto
him, Have I been so long time with
you, and yet hast thou not known me-
Philip? He that hath seen me hath
seen the Father; and how sayest thou
then, Shew US the Father?
PRIMARY TOPIC-Jesus Comes to
Live on Earth.
JUNIOR TOPIC-Jesus Comes to Live
on Earth.
INTERMEDIATE AND SENIOR TOP
IC-Seeing God in Jesus.
YOUNG PEOPLE AND ADULT TOP
IC-The Fact and Meaning of the In
carnation.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1932-01-07
WORDS OF WISDOM

Ignorance is Darkness" education
is eight"
Gods "minorities" will overwhelm
the devils "majorities."
Sin is international" "interdenomi-
national" and "nonsectarian."
"When every other way of escape
from temptation seems closed, try the
gate Of praise"
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1932-03-12

NatIek. Mass-(UP)-After only
instruction. d. Leslie Morton made
his first solo night AZ Natlck arr
port. Instructor ~. Fletcher IngaiS
was q BIZ worried ~ he saw him
take on alone IN 4 bipiano hut
Morton landed safely after several
minutes nIost.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1932-03-12
Your
CHILDREN
BY Olive Roberts Barton

oae small word looms large In
the human makeup. 1t Is the
word escape
The mind, when tired or wor-
ried or Ill, seeks escape In some
form or another. And this Is as
true of children as It Is of older
people.
Have you ever seen boy or girl
turn unaccountably to toy or a
play that interested him, Wen say
when he was three or four years
old?
Has It puzzled you? Has II
worried you? Have you felt that
he wasn't developing and was re-
naming baby too long?
This Is such a common occur
renee that 1t may be word of
comfort to know about 1t. Per-
haps the cause may be interesting
too and in measure help to give
you an insight as to the mysterious
workings of your child's mind.
Remember no child Is conscious
Of the urges behind his conduct.
Grownups usually are not either,
for that matter, SO 1t Is not sur
prising that children are entirely
ignorant OF why they do things.
We shall take any boy, say one
Charles, who happened to be ten
years old.
Suddenly Charles goes to the at
tic one day where his old toys
are kept in an old trunk and finds
Squeaky. his old Teddy Bear. He
takes Squeaky to bed with him,
snuggles up close beside him, talks
to him and acts precisely as he did
five or six years ago.
You pay no attention to 1t for
one night. children are likely to
do anything, as we know, and they
do crazy things sometimes. But
after a week or so you begin to
worry secretly and make fun of
him openly. If you discover that
is smuggling Squeaky into bed and
becoming very secrstive about him
you are genuinely alarmed.
What on earth has happened to
your son = such a manly, smart
happy boy! Is it arrested develop
ment? Is he not maturing prop
erly? Is he a real baby at heart,
after all?
No. that has nothing to do with
ii unless he keeps on cumming
with Squeaky indefinitely. There
are other things that enter into
II then that a psychiatrist can ex-
plain away and help You whit. A
recurrence to mental babyhood
sometimes follows an illness or an
accident and takes a longer time
TO overcome. But give Charles
time.
The truth IL that something Is
making him unhappy. He Is wor-
rying over some responsibility too
great for him to carry. or the out
come OF some event, or perhaps
some fear In eating him up.
He deliberately chooses a toy
that associates Itself with happy
times when he had no responsible
ity and no worry. II he can d.
rectly associate that toy with
definite happy events In his mind,
that IL the one he will choose. Or
he will play In a manner that takes
him back.
lie II escaping.
sleep IL an escape rehortsd 10
by grown people Who are hrooding
or unhappy, II works IN mnny
ways and this II one. The best way
IN 20 find out the trouble ana re.
move II.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1932-03-12
{M:}R|[lJE
by WILLIAM Il. MCKINNEY

by WILLIAM Il. MCKINNEY
Secretary, American Bridge League
Providing for unusual distribu-
ton Is what makes a successful
bridge player. Following is one
of the most cleverly played hands
seen In q tournament.
The bidding
South, the dealer, bid one spade,
West passed, North without spade
support, but with a good No Trump
distribution, jumped the bid to
two No Trump. One No Trump
would have been a denial OF any
strength. East passes and South
goes to three spades. North. with
the knowledge that his partner
holds at least five-card spade
suit, carries the contract to four
spades.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1932-03-12

Mrs Frederick j. Harrison Of the
Country club road entertained at
bridge at her home recently. Those
attending were Mrs George l.. Dex-
ter, Mrs Charles Stevens, Mrs Ar
thur s. Judd, Mrs Fred Abbott, Mrs
James A. Tyler, Mrs Robert Fem.
Mrs Albert G. Clark, Miss Mary
Tyler, Mrs Robert H. Dean and
Mrs Charles II. Beere.
Mrs Raymond Black Of Water
town entertained recently at a
pantry shower for Miss Margaretta
Williams. daughter Of Mr. and Mrs
Frederick b. Williams of Crescent
street, who Is to be married to
Randolph Payne of Middlebury in
April. Among those attending were
Mr. and Mrs Frederick b. williams,
Mr. and Mrs F. Bronson Williams,
Miss Carol williams, Misses Helen
and Elizabeth Seymour. Mrs Fred
w. williams of this city, Mr. and
Mrs Charles Schwaeble of Rey-
nolds Bridge, Mr. and Mrs Floyd
Barlow, Misses Harriet Barlow,
Virginia Black, Margaret Black,
James Barlow. Tory Crane and
Frederick Black.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1932-03-12

Go and see who it is" Molly
commanded mysteriously.
SIS she ran back through the din
ing room Ellen noticed that the
painting Of her grandfather which
had been stored since her fathers
death, was in place on the wall. She
reached the outer door and jerked
1t open.
Coming up the stairs was Steven
Barclay.
I'm afraid I'm early were Bar
clays first words. Your mother
said seven.'
Ellen as she stood, shabby and
beautiful, in the doorway suddenly
understood everything. BY her
chance" Molly had meant Steven
Barclay 1t was not the time -
though her mother, to do her JUS
tice, could not have known that
to invite Steven Barclay as a guest.
1t was indeed not the place into
which to introduce a millionaire.
The makeshifts, so delightful to
Molly, did not improve the down
at-heel apartment; they succeeded
only in emphasizing the essential
poverty of its occupants. But hos
pitality, deep rooted and instinc-
tive, triumphed over lesser consid-
erations In Ellen's mind.
Ellen stepped into the hall to
greet her unwelcome visitor so
warmly that he should never guess
that he was not welcome one. He
was leaning against the balustrade
exhausted by the long climb. His
face was so white that for mo.
ment Ellen feared he would faint.
She had enough understanding not
to mention his palpable weariness
enough understanding to keep ST.
lent until he made a gallant recov-
cry.
Its good of you to come" she
said at last. extending her slender
brown hands.
Seeing him rally his forces for a
reply, she had a sudden flashing
memory of Larry leaping UP the
stairs and shouting breathless and
foolish nonsense.
I'm glad you think So" Barclay
said.
Ellen noticed then, hesitating on
thc idhdAhSs d uHiiOtuiCu Sild ullSu III
laden with florist boxes, three OF
, them. AS he caught his employers
eye he came forward.
"Oh, you shouldn't have" Ellen
exclaimed helplessly. We've sc
many roses now"
She stopped suddenly.
Yes, ! know ] shouldn't have
, Barclay agreed. But you've nc
idea how / enjoyed myself. There's
a box for each OF you-for your
sister and your mother and this
pink roses are for you"
And then they entered the living
room and Molly fiuttered In from
the kitchen and began exclaiminf
over the boxes and recklessly tear.
ing them open until the room was q
carnival 81 color. There was q
smudge of -four on her pretty. tilted
nose but she was for too excited q
be conscious of her appearance.
~ feel ms though don't need ~
Introduction 10 you ht ALL" she bub,
bled. shaking hands with the guest
ELLEN has told ~ no much abou
you"
Moiiy's eyes and her daughter
flashed together. Ellen did no
knew what 20 do, she felt com
| pietsiy helpless. What could sh'
say There was no denyIng fha
Barclay seemed pleased,
swell" he was saying, II hop
they were all nice things"
"Of course they wefe,s Ellen ~
piled a shade ntiffIy,
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1932-03-12

There were two people with
Jimmy Hayden. One was the man
with whom he had had a business
interview. An unimportant looking
person in an unbecoming brown
suit. The other was woman.
Slender yet voluptuous. Dressed
in black and white that was at
once daringly smart, yet charming
~ feminine and alluring. Her eyes.
when she looked at Jimmy, seemed
to mention secrets that he and she
alone knew.
All this. Sue caught in the long
glance she gave them before she
turned her eyes away swiftly.
MRS Weber isn't losing much
time, Is she?" she asked Sue.
Charming Of her to come to see
me off,"
"She probably was delighted
to do it," Sue said, soto voice, as
the other approached.
We'll, here goes my mask. v
Grace even laughed as she said it..
When Jimmy and the others reach
ed her she was smiling, gay, a lit
tie too composed. The new mans
name was Jones. Not that his name
mattered. Sue thought, gazing at
him. Nobody would ask for it.
"Mr Jones had to see what sort
of plans your husband Is doing for
my house." Mrs Weber explained
to Grace, and only n woman could
have caught the condescension In
her tone. Jimmy had left them
at my house. so there wasn't any
thing to do but drive out to get
them. And I wanted to wish you
luck so ! drove back"
ut was so sweet of you Grace
said, the clear green eyes unfalter-
ing under their black lashes. I'm
very grateful
Jimmy looked puzzled. Some
thing was the matter but he didn't
know what 1t was, Sue sensed. He
knew that Grace's words We're all
right. He wasn't clever enough
to understand just what an intlec-
ton in tones will do.
Mrs Weber smiled at Jimmy.
Warmly. Intimately. Sue had a
wild desire to reach out and strike
her across her too-red lips. If
Jimmy was such an idiot that she
couldn't see through the woman's
wiles, he deserved to be hurt, she
told herself. Only he probably
wouldn't be. Grace would be.
Grace had been right in her sum-
mary of the whole affair. Jimmy
had fallen in love with her because
she was-convenient.
when are you coming back,
Mrs Hayden" Natalie Weber
asked after a while.
IT haven't decided" Grace re-
piled coolly and clearly. 1T de-
ponds on SO many things"
But / am sure you must hate
to leave Jimmy alone for long
time" the older woman implored,
and her tone said that If she We're
in Grace's place she would never.
never want to be separated from
him.
II hope that you'll be very. very
sweet to him and not let him miss
me at ALL" Grace answered. You u
promise. won't you? II would
take such a load from my mind"
Grace's smile was disarmingiy
guIleless. Even Sue wondered
how she managed II.
"ril try TO be nice TO him .
II you want me TO be-" Mrs Web"
Der said.
The train was coming. Jimmy
was giving Grace her tickets
explaining something or other
about a change In time 10 her,
which shut Mrs Weber away.
Her face showed that she dlsliked
any action which emphasized the
fact that Grace was Jimmy's wife,
'she why. I believe she real.
~ In In love with him" Sue told
herself. startled.
NExTi Grace gets sons infor.
1convrluht tsss. NEA Service. Inc)
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1932-03-12
The Play

The Play
West has the opening lead and
from the jack ten nine of clubs,
leads THE jack, dummy plays the
deuce, East starts his echo with
the five and declarer wins the
trick with the ace. II looks as If
the natural play for the declarer
Is to start and lead trump. but
the good player provides against
unusual distribution. The declarer
in this particular case led the jack
of diamonds, West played the
deuce, dummy the eight and East
won the trick with the ace.
East has great hopes of max
ing two spade tricks, he has al
ready made the ace of diamonds,
and before the declarer can get
a chance to discard his hearts, he
decides to cash his ace of hearts,
which Is very good defense on
this particular hand. A small
club is now led by East which Is
won by the declarer with the king.
Declarer leads the six OF diamonds.
West plays the three, dummy the
nine spot, and East the four. The
king OF diamonds is returned from
dummy. South discarding the six
of clubs, and when West plays the
five, he Is marked with the queen.
The queen of clubs Is then returned
from dummy, East discards the
deuce OF hearts and declarer
trumps with the deuce OF spades.
A small spade Is led and won
in dummy with the ace. peclar-
ar returns the ten Of diamonds
from dummy, East refuses to
trump, discarding the SIX OF
hearts and declarer trumps with
the Ave OF spades. Declaser than
leads the queen OF spades. West
discards the nine Of clubs. dunn
my plays the eight OF spades and
East wins the trick with the
King. East leads the Jack OF
hearts. which IL won In dummy
with the king. A small heart II
returned from dummy which
Cast II forced 10 trump with the
TX OF spades. South, the deelar.
w.. evertrumps with fha seven
'a4 then leads the Jack OF spades,
NsifInk 40 East's ten.
While the hand might be-
clnssed ~ double dummy playi. Il
resulted IN top score Tor the
dsnisrar.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1932-03-12

Mrs Louis Schmidt gave a card
party at her home on Irvington
avenue recently for the benefit of
the Civil War Veterans. Mrs Ed
ward Plumb was in charge of the
arrangements for the party. Those
attending were Mrs Fred Fromm,
Mrs Charles Swick. Mrs Charles
Probst, Mrs william Signor, Mrs
Shirley Hungerford, Mrs George
Doolittle, Mrs Leland Smith, Mrs
Roy Woodcock, Mrs william Sach-
senhauser, Mrs william b. Dorr,
MIRO +. H. Glover, Mrs T.. A. Peck,
Mrs r. M. Merrills. Mrs Seth
Bailey, Mrs c. NJ. Bowen, Mrs =. ].
Wells. Mrs w. Fl. Clark, Mrs Starr
Oldershaw. Mrs Alfred Hensel and
Mrs Earl Ross.
Miss Blanche Baltrush of Alder
str0et has returned from few
days visit with her sister. Miss Nell
lie Baltrush in Brooklyn, ". Y.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1932-03-12

Darling, could you get vases for
the flowers?" Motley interposed,
tossing aside layers of silky paper
and filling her arms with sweet,
purple lilacs.
Ellen concealed her reluctance at
leaving her mother and her en-
ployer together and left the room.
When she returned she found Molly
her lap overlooking with flowers,
chattering like mad to Barclay. She
was talking about the English Ros-
siters. direct connections of ours,
you know" Ellen understood now
the reason for the portrait in the
dining room. She was both an
noyed and amused at her mothers
childish vanity.
ITO BE COntinued)
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1932-03-12

Daughter and You'll Be Thrilled
as She!
The softened neckline is a darl-
ing vogue. And isn't the partial
belt effect smart the way it ties
so youthfully in bow at the back?
The circular cut trouser legs are
moderately full as the younger set
wears them.
A crepe de chine print with pink
motifs on pale blue ground Ia de-
cidedly French and exceedingly
iainty in effect. as the original
1t can also be carried out In
crepe satin. rayon novelties and
fiat washable crepe silk for bed
time.
For lounging. you may choose
plain or novelty wool crepe, wool
jersey and crepe silk in plain or
print. s.~
style No. SIC IL designed for
sizes 10. IL. 10. Is. 20 years. 80 and
38 inches bust. Size 10 requires
3 BIS yards OF 39-inch material
with Ia yards OF binding.
Spring IN the most Important tbs
most colorful season In Fashions.
All the more reason why you
should have an authentic guide,
such M our new Fashion MaKazipe,
10 show you the way In drslEn,
coiors. etc. OF course, there arc
styles for afternoons, for steutr.
for home wear. lingerie. children.
etc.
price OF BOOK 10 cents,
Price OF pATTEnN 10 cents IA
einmpe o. coin f1oln II preferred
Wrap coin care<utF.
send sonF f>oaeF ana o<<2< ~
| Pattern HeIlaf1zz<&Ill. M4I=<8E|I
] Uen1neFnl, Waterbury,. EaHH.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1932-03-12

MISS DOROTHY
st Johns church will be the Of Of
Bailey daughter Of Mr. and Mrs Frank Bailey Essex will
Columbia boulevard Rev DR. John N Lewis will
Miss Bailey will have her maid Of honor sister
Of the bridegroom and Miss Lila Marsh
n
w. Of his city
will
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1932-03-12

Miss Elizabeth Keilty OF Water
town sailed to-day on z the s. s..
Veendam for a two weeks cruise
to Bermuda, Havana and Nassau.
Miss Kelly Is secretary at the
Taft school in WATERFOWL.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1932-06-02
Belated Wedding Story

Frederick Mossman, game ward
en- and highly respected young man
of the Sank Centre community, put
across partial fast one Monday
evening. May %, 1882, when he was
united in marriage to Miss Isabelle
KritZceck. 49,
The bride has been a very effic-
lent commercial teacher. at the
Home School for Girls for three
years. ..
It was quite generally expected
that this romance would result in
a marriage. The suddeness of the
announcement of the marriage was
something of a shock. Not a single
person in the world was opposing
the match. a..#; 3 %
Following the marriage the "wise
guys" set out to charivari them.
They went everywhere, almost ex-
cept where they were not. They
returned, to the city thirsty and
peeved. The next evening Fred
told his supposed-to-be tormentors
where he could be found and in
vited them out. The finale is SIM
pie, Fred coughed up five bucks,
the crowd dispersed.
After that the sea of the sere-
naders became a hit rough tits al
legged; with the close approach of
morning hours the more turbulent
the sea became. Any way the last
of the outposts of Fred's charivari
did not get home until noon the
next day. Mr.. and Mrs. Mossman
will take up housekeeping in this
city in a few days.