davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1932-04-20
COUNTY ORATORS
IN FINALS TONIGHT
Irwin Adair Brooke Wins
Championship in Mont
gomery Contest.

With three -fourths of the MARYLAND
preliminaries of the National Oratorical
Contest concluded last night when Irwin
Adair Brooke of Rockville High School
won the Montgomery County cham
pionship, plans have been made for
the final county elimination at La
Plata High School this evening.
Brooke, 15-year-old senior. captured
highest honors in the Montgomery con-
test at Bethesda Chevy Chase High
School with an oration on The In
f1uence of the Civil War on the Con-
stitution" He will receive the gold
medal awarded each Star area county
victor. Three ballots were necessary to
decide the winner under the low-point
scoring system requiring one speaker
to have a majority Of f1rsts and the
low total score before victory is pos
sible. Runner-up among the six con-
testants was r. Eugene Stup of Gath
ersburg High School.
Kramer Presides.
Stephen Kramer, first assistant super
intendent Of District schools, presided
at the meeting last night and judges
were DR.. Edward L. McAdan1s, jr.: Mai
F. Granville Munson and DR.. John E
Tillema. The Bethesda Chevy Chase
High School Orchestra and girls chorus
provided musical program.
The Montgomery County winner is
vice president of the Rockville High
School senior class, president of the
Dramatic Club. member of the Rocket
staff and the honor roll, and has been
active as manager of soccer and as a
base ball and basket ball player. He is
the son of Mrs. Mary Dawson Brooke.
Five Charles County orators will COM
pete In the La Plata meeting tonight
The speakers are to be, in the order of
their appearance, Miss Olga Swami,
La Plata High School, THE Constitu-
ton; Miss Margaret z. Greenhawk,
Nanjemoy High School. Washington
and the Constitution" Miss Routh "
Hickey, Glasva High School John
Marshall and the Constitution; Harry
c. Anderson. Lackey High School. The
Constitution, a Guarantee Of the Lib
erty Of the Individual"
The judges will be Arthur s. Flem-
ming of the United States Society;
Evening star., 1932-04-20
FANNIE HURST PAYS
HOOVER BRIEF VISIT
Novelist Says President Appears
Exceptionally Well-Miss Mac
kaill Also Presented.

After being presented to President
Hoover today by Senator Wagner Of
New York, Fannie Hurst, novelist and
magazine writer, said she found him
looking exceptionally well and appar-
emily with plenty of time to lay aside
his work and shake hands and talk with
plain, ordinary citizens
Dorothy Mackaill, motion picture &C
tress, also was presented to the Presi-
dent
S. A. Perkins. prominent in the Re-
publican organization of Washington
State, called at the White House to pre-
sent his daughter to the President. He
said afterward he did not discuss
politics.
Evening star., 1932-04-20
WOODCOCK LAUDS AGENT
WHO HELD 8 PRISONERS

Col. Amos w. w. Woodcock, prohi-
bition director has commended Sam
uel Gershon, dry agent, for his "extraor-
dinary display of GOODNESS and bravery"
in capturing five armed men while
holding three others under arrest at
Charleston, S. c., 10 days ago.
Gershon, one of a group of agents
who captured the eight men and six
trucks containing 966 cases of whisky,
was left in charge of the first three
prisoners taken. An automobile con.
tanning the other men appeared short
time later and Gershon captured them,
finding five pistols in their possession.
While Gershon was holding the eight
prisoners another car appeared, one
of the men in it being armed with a
submachine gun. Though Gershon fired
two shots at the machine, its occupants
escaped
Evening star., 1932-04-20
TOXIC TO OPPOSE
SHANGHAI REPORT
Wont Agree to Permitting
League Group to Fix Date
for Troop Withdrawal.
~ III. A,sncIated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
TOXIC, April 20.-It was stated on
good authority today that Japan will
not agree to the draft resolution of
the League of Nations Committee of
Nineteen dealing with the Sino-Jap-
anese dispute and will object to any
provision for permitting a mixed COM
mittee to fix the date of withdrawal of
japanese troops from Shanghai.
The war Office today fixed 205 900, 900
yen as the amount Of the supple
mentary military estimates the govern
ment intends to introduce at the spe-
cial session Of the Diet which will con-
vene May %. The estimates are to
cover the cost of the military operations
in Manchuria and Shanghai from June
/, 1882, to March 81, 1888.
A series of conferences was begun by
the war and finance ministries regard
ing the estimates, especially on means
of raising the funds.
May Send More Troops.
Gen. Sadao Araki, minister of war
told japanese reporters that it might
be necessary to send more troops to
Manchuria if the threats of rebels
against the new federated government
continued to grow more menacing.
The war Office is taking a most seri-
GUS view of the situations at Chientao
and along the Chinese Eastern Railway
especially the renewed advance of Gen
Wang Tah-Lin's rebels southwark. the
control of the Imienpo and Pogranich-
maya sectors by rebels under Gen Ii
Tu, and the threat of a general strike
of the railway employees.
Although the strike failed to mate
rialize today, dispatches to the Rengo
News Agency indicated it might only
have been deferred and possibly would
be called April 25 or April 80 to coin
eide with the arrival of the League OF
Nations Inquiry Commission in North
Manchuria.
Soviet Opposes Strike.
The dispatches said the Japanese au-
thorities were informed the Soviet off,
cials were doing their utmost to avert
the strike. or at least to prevent Soviet
citizens from joining it.
AHc wal OluCe ISSUED statement IN
which 1t declared friendly and pacific
intentions regarding the Soviets.
Realizing that friendly relations be-
tween Japan and Russia are essential
to the maintenance of peace in the
Orient" the statement said, "the
Japanese army is taking the utmost
precautions in its operations in Man
churta to avoid provocation to Russia
Japan has no intention Of tram
pltng on the Soviet's rights"
Deny Aiding white" Russians.
The statement denied that the Japa-
nese military was assisting in any way
the activities of white" Russians in
Manchuria Referring to The wreck OF
Japanese troop train near Hardin
April IL, it said:
"The matter is being carefully inves-
tigated and the truth will be published
when it is ascertained. The Soviet
authorities have admitted they have
sometimes been embarrassed by the
lawless acts of lower-class Communists
for whom they are unable TO take the
responsibility. We hope this is true"
Evening star., 1932-04-20

George p. Sacks. president of the
Bethesda Bank. and Ralph Boyer, edf-
tor and publisher OF the American High
School Journal =. B. Gwynn, super
intendent of Charles County schools,
viii preside.
Western High School Of washington
has announced its final intraSchool
elimination will be held Friday morn
ing at 9:l5 in the school auditorium.
Five contestants. all BOYS. will compeve
for the 500 cash prize offered each
District high school winner and the
honor of participating in The Star area
finals Of the contest. They are Henry
Bowles, Frank Brisebois. John Court,
Hertzel Goodman and David Parker.
Evening star., 1932-04-20
ROOSEVELT MAKES
HARMONY APPEAL
Stops OFF in Chicago to De-
clare Northwest Seems
to Be Democratic.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
CHICAGO. April 20.-Gov Franklin
D. Roosevelt stopped off In Chicago
last night long enough to say the Dem
ocratic party needs harmony" when
asked If his speech Monday night at
St. Paul, MINI, was an overture for
peace with Alfred E. Smith
That's a pretty good guess" he said
when shown newspaper articles inter
preting the speech as "an answer to
Smith which should bring to a close
Other than that, the New York Gov
ernor and candidate for the Democratic
presidential nomination did not discuss
the Smith matter.
Reiterates He Is Wet.
"The most important thing have to
say is that the Northwest seems to be
staunchly Democratic" said Gov Roose-
velt in discussing his trip to Minnesota
and his reception by party leaders Of
several States.
He reiterated statement that 'I
am a wet, made at station stop be-
tween st. Paul and Chicago He de-
clined, however, to amplify it.
During his stopover in Chicago, the
New York Governor met with Mayor
Anton j. Cermak, recognized leader OF
the Democratic party in Illinois, and
others.
Illinois National Convention dele
gates are pledged to Senator James
Hamilton Lewis" Mayor Cermak SAID
when asked to comment on the Roose-
velt candidacy, but you never can tell"
Talks With Lowden.
Among the conferences in which Mr..
Roosevelt participated en- the trip was
one with Frank o. Lowden, former Re
publican Governor of Illinois. Lowden
boarded the Governors train at Ore
gon, ILL.,, and they talked fo5 - minutes.
I'VE discussed farm problems our
views on that subject being similar in
many respects" Gov. Roosevelt said.
'Mr. Lowden and are old friends and
ne is one Of the best informed men in
the Nation on farm questions"
After his stop in Chicago, Gov.
Roosevelt continued on toward New
York.
Evening star., 1932-04-20
OLDEST A. P. MAN DIES
Work ed for Associated Press
Through It's Entire History.

4nrougn Its Entire History.
NEW YORK, April 20 (P)-William
Relthle, for many years known as the
Oldest employe of the Associated Press
died yesterday in Brooklyn.
He was born in 1855 and was an en-
ploye throughout the present incorpo-
ration and had been in the service OF
previous associations which operated
unoer the same name. He was a mes
senger, and was pensioned in 1928
Evening star., 1932-04-20

neck. After having his wound dressed
at the aid station, he refused to go to
the rear for treatment, but went back
and conducted the remainder of the
men through the barrage. Despite his
wound, he remained on duty for l6
hours, until ordered to go to the rear
by his commanding officer. Residence
at appointment, District of Columbia.
He holds a commission as major
of Engineers, and is on duty at St,
Louis, Mo.
Evening star., 1932-04-20

de Belleau. FraHce,
June IL to Is, 1918.
In order to consoli-
date the position of
his brigade. Mai.
S n o W personally
led one company Of
h / S battalion
through a heavy
barrage. After pass
ing through the
barrage. he discov-
cred that part OF
his company had
become separated
because of the vio-
lent fire. He re-
turned through the
barrage, and, In
so doing, W a S
wounded in the
Evening star., 1932-04-20
Will Rogers
Says:

BEVERLY HILLS, Calif.-Today's
news featured two items in the
Evening star., 1932-04-20
Districts Heroes
i'm the
World War
Compiled by Sergt. L. E. Jaeckel.

A S recorded In the official cita-
" ton, William A. Snow. major,
a I'd Engineers, I'd Division,
4 L American Expeditionary Force.
was awarded the Distinguished
Service Cross for extraordinary heroism
In action with the enemy in the Rois
Evening star., 1932-03-06
FIELD HELD GREAT
FOR INVENTIVE GENIUS
One Out of Four Patents Granted
Said to Be for Auto
mobile.

More than 400 900 patents have been
granted in this country to inventors
of automobile Improvements, according
to Clarence A. O'Brien, Washington
patent attorney, who says there Is still
a great field here for inventive genius
While many of the Improvements
were necessarily Of less importance than
others, some OF the patents have paid
the inventors thousands Of dollars, says
Mr.. O'Brien.
At the present time almost one out OF
every four patents granted Is SAID 70
be for use on an automobile. In the
last year there were II 900 automotive
patents out of a total of $4,000. A
year or two ago, and for several years
prior to that, the average was one
automotive patent out of every three.
There are so many things that are
in need Of improvement" said q. G.
Arvedson Of the National Automobile
Chamber Of Commerce, "for which q
large reward in the future is certain. I
refer to the solution Of real problems
and not merely other constructions OF
slightly different designs"
The extent to which Americas In
ventive talent Is turned to the solution
Of these problems Is further indicated
in the receipt last year OF 5000 inven-
tions by one automobile manufacturing
corporation alone.
The beginnings Of the gas vehicle
are said to start with the work Of a
Frenchman named Lenoir, who was
granted a patent in 1860 on a vehicle
driven by an explosive engine In this
country, George B. Selden probably
initiated the experimentation with his
early work with power driven vehicles
in 1874.
Evening star., 1932-03-06
GROSS INCOME TAX DEDUCTIONS
FOR CAR OWNERS ARE EXPLAINED
"A. A. A. Outlines Cuts in Levy That May
Be Made on Account of Owner
ship of Automobile.

loss to the person claiming the deduc-
ton. In other words, II 1t Is COM
penSated for by insurance or other
wise. IL Is not deductible.
Sixth, the bureau has ruled that
where motorist paid damages for
injury to pedestrian, such amount Is
deductible. provided at the time the
injury occurred the car was being used
for business. There has never been a
decision. however. on whether a fine
paid by motorist might be deducted
as a business expense, where, at the
time the expense was incurred, the car
was being used for business or profess
sional purposes.
Seventh, loss sustained from the out
right sale Of an automobile used pri-
marily for business purposes may be
deducted In computing net income.
Eighth, the amount paid for insur-
ance ON automobiles used for business
purposes and also the amount of
which covers interest and risk on the
loan, may be deducted, but not the
amount covering the premium on in
surance to protect the finance COM
pany's interest.
With reference to loss due to dam
age to a car maintained for pleasure,
the bureau says:
"A loss occasioned by damage to an
automobile maintained for pleasure,
where such damage results from the
faulty driving Of the taxpayer. but is
not due to his wilful act or negligence,
may be deducted in the computation Of
the net income Of the taxpayer. Where
damage to a taxpayers automobile re-
suits from the faulty driving Of the
operator of an automobile with which
the automobile Of the taxpayer collides.
the loss occasioned by the taxpayer by
such damage is likewise deductible. The
amount of loss must, however, be re-
duced by the amount Of any insurance
or other compensation received and by
the salvage value, if any, Of the auto
mobile"
The A. A. A. points out that loss
sustained from the outright sale of an
automobile does not apply to cars
traded in for new cars to be used in
the business Of the taxpayer. On this
point, the Bureau Of Internal Revenue
says:
when an automobile used solely in
the trade or business of q taxpayer IS
traded in as part payment on another
automobile, no gain or loss Is realized.
In determining the basis for subsequent
depreciation computations and the
computation Of gain or loss where ex-
changes of this kind occur, the pur-
chase price of the new machine should
be decreased or increased respectively
according to whether the trade.m
value of the old machine Is greater or
less than the deprecated cost OF the
old machine"
Evening star., 1932-03-06
Milady's Motoring
BY FREDERICK C. RUSSELL.

Judging from the number of collisions.
automobile drivers can always be relied
upon to make ends meet.
Do you wait until the suffering Of
the engine proves that you should shift
to a lower gear, or do you shift in an
ticipation of this situation? II you're a
"late shifter" you're doing things 'just
like a woman" This habit is said to
be one Of milady's chief faults in driv-
ing.
Always remember, too, that If the
stop this instantly by pressing the
clutch pedal to the floor. Often you
can coast through difficult trathc
stretch without any of the embarrass-
ment Of balky motor. I have seen
clever women coast through a tight
place with the motor stalled. This isn't
entirely eliminated by the new auto
matte starting, because often an engine
won't start even if 1t Is Justify cranked.
The rule, Of course, Is to steer the
car in the direction the rear end Is
starting to skid, II you would check
this most unpleasant OF motoring eX-
periences, but sometimes even this rule
is deserving of an exception. A woman
was telling me that when her car started
to slue around into a tree she decided
that even If she did manage to straighten
out the course of the car the machine
would hit the tree anyway. She elected
to crash sidewiSe instead OF head on.
The result was that she saved expensive
damage to the motor and prevented
herself from being thrown against one
of the older type steering wheels that
might have snapped on.
This reminds me to add the sugges-
tion to grasp the steering wheel nrmly
when colliding, II the car Is compara-
lively new one. The latest steering
wheels may bend, but they won't break
of and injure you. In other words,
hold everything.
While it is true that car. unlike
dress or coat, can be changed or dyed
any color other than what it Is ortgi-
naily. one must consider the hue OF the
upholstery. II there Is any possibility
that the original color Of the car may
grow wearisome and require change
after couple OF years. at least be sure
the inside lining" isn't so gay as to be
entirely out Of harmony II q darker ex-
terror is applied.
Recently a woman paid too much at
tention to the road sign and d1tched
her car. When service man arrived he
decided 1t would be necessary to obtain
a wrecking car with hoist as the
machine was too badly tipped. Having
made one error the driver decided she
would try to compensate by offering
the bright idea of asking some of the
bystanders to stand on the upside run
ring board while the service man gave
the car tow. Her car came out OF the
predicament In jiffy.
why don't you explain the new fea-
lures Of the new cars. putting the essen
tiaIs into the simplest possible terms?"
asks a woman who evidently wants to
keep abreast Of the everchanging au-
tomobile and show up the men folks
who claim to know so much about cars.
It's one of the best suggestions I've
heard in long while. Here goes:
Let's begin with the new automatic
starting system. With many Of the
new cars you Just flip the ignition
switch and the motor cranks. How does
Evening star., 1932-03-06
.NEGL IGENCE is QUESTION
OF FACT AND NOT OF LAW
Statement Brought Out in Ruling
of Supreme Court, According
to A, NJ. A.

Contributory negligence is a question
OF fact and not Of law.
This, in substance, is the decision Of
the United States Supreme Court, re-
fusing to review two automobile COL
lision cases Of Importance to motorists.
involving the question as to whether
or not 1t is the duty OF passenger
in an automobile to warn the operator
Of impending danger. The defendants
IL each case sought to avoid liability
on the theory that there was an ab-
solute duty on the passenger to warn
the automobile operator OF approaching
danger. The court, as a matter Of law,
finds no such duty.
A review Of the two cases, involving
the same question, was refused by the
Supreme Court, thus in effect con-
firn1ing decisions rendered in the Cir
cult Court Of Appeals, according to the
American Motorists Association, re-
porting the courts decision.
LAS the question stands now, the
Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals holds
that a passenger is permitted the op-
ton Of warning the driver or remain
ing silent, while the Ninth Circuit
Court of Appeals court Of equally
high authority-holds that it is a Ques-
ton of fact for the jury" it is ex-
planned by general counsel Of the
A. M. A.
Action Of the United States Supreme
Court in refusing to review the two
cases in effect means that 1t is for the
| jury to say in every case whether OF
not the passenger actually Is guilty OF
contributory negligence in not warning
the driver"
Evening star., 1932-03-06

this system eliminate the need for
pressing a pedal or touching button
with your foot?
The whole thing is done electrically
in a small metal box mounted on the
dash. Switching on the ignition feeds
current in the usual way to the coll,
distributor and spark plugs, 1t also
energies special coils which have
magnetic action. The result OF this Is
to make special additional electrical
contacts which correspond to your pres
ent manual job OF stepping on tne
starter button. A number OF detailed
refinements are incorporated in the de-
vice In order to take care OF those
occasional situations when the starter
pinion fails to mesh with the hywheel
gear. The starting device Is nearly
human in its action.
Everything seemed to be going along
serenely. The motor purred contented-
ly; the tires hummed a pleasant tune.
Then, without so much as a warning.
there is a most alarming racket under
the hood. The engine ran wild, choked
up, sputtered and backflred. Quite q
startling situation for a woman TO face,
alone on the open road. but the one
who tells the story wasn't at all
trouble. She snapped of the ignition,
pacified the motor and was quick to
note that the accelerator pedal had
fallen to the floor. That meant the
throttle was wide open.
When this happens the return spring
of the throttle is broken. Lifting the
hood and tracing the accelerator con-
troll to the carburetor will reveal the
location of this necessary coil spring.
Unless one is very helpless some make
shift scheme of using the remaining
section of the spring can be utilized to
prepare the throttle for temporary serv-
Ice again. A rubber band is handy for
this purpose.
Evening star., 1932-03-06
COUPE STYLE CARS GAIN FAVOR.
PRODUCTION FIGURES REVEAL
Gain for Small Closed Automobiles Cuts
Down Percentage of Larger Closed
Jobs Now Being Marketed.

as pointing to greater essential use Of
passenger cars by the population as
distinct from mere recreation and tour
ing. In the same sense, the fuel con-
sumption record Of 1881 indicated def
nitely the use of 500 900, 900 more gal
Ions of gasoline than in the previous
IL months and a mileage excess over
1880 of more than 5000, 600, ,ooo
A large part of the extra fuel re-
ouirement was credited on the passen-
ger car side, with the average OF all
vehicles, including trucks, figuring out
to 300 miles for every vehicle OF the
Nations fleet of 26,00o.000.
With greater al-around usage on an
essential basis, the comfort and visi-
bility that have been built into current
models may be classed among the for
ward steps for this year. In body
building the designers have made better
vision possible by giving the windshields
more slope as part OF the pronounced
streamlining trend. The exterior visor
has been taken away and the interior
visors, or adjustable flaps" that replace
them, are now SO located as not TO
interfere with rear-mirror vision.
Those who drive likewise get more
protection against headlight glare and
also street lights, which in vertical
windshields were reflected in such q
manner as to cause confusion and con-
sequent hazards.
For comfort, including freedom from
car noises and heat insulation, the
builders have gone to greater pains
than before This Is because free
wheeling. with its coasting periods. has
made hitherto unsuspected noises
audible To subdue them, modern de-
sign calls for insulation Of the dash,
the car floors and the side panels.
This has brought into use new ma
terials like asphaltum, which is sprayed
on, and a new cardboard composition,
which is cemented on. To prevent
squeak, insulation material Is used in
body joints. The varieties consist Of
felt, wool, cork, rubber, rubberized fab
ric, auti-squeak strips, rubber dough- y
"dunn-dum" and cord welt.
Floor boards of 1arninated wood in
stead OF metal and asbestos coverings
are utilized to eliminate engine heat
and noise.
(Copyright, 1882, by the North American
Nevxpnper Alliance, Inc)