Evening star., 1932-11-27
DENIES MANCHUkUO!
AND PANAMA ALIKE
Latin American Authority
Hits Japan's Citationof :
"Precedent."
BY FREDERIC WILLIAM VILE.

pans attempt to persuade the League
Of Nations and the world that her ac-
ton in Manchuria is beyond suspicion
the setting up Of Manehukuo !
ans an independent" state-a spokes-
man of the Toxic government asserted
that there is ample precedent in both
Europe and America for what had taken
place in Asia. The specific suggestion, Z
as an independent" state-a spokes-
was that Panama is an ex-
ample which the United States cannot
afford to ignore, either when criticizing
Japan or in Withholding recognition OF
Manchuxuo. ~ ,is
This writer has obtaired from one Of =
the foremost authorities On Latin
American developments-not a citizen :
Of the United States, but one in Pc
culiarly good position to supply it--an !
annihilating refutation Of Japan's Man
churian alibi. He declares that the
hint of the Japanese government that
the coming of the Republic of Panama
to independent international life was
accomplished on lines similar to those
which saw the establishment Of Man
chukuo cannot be called anything but
The circumstances Of I
different. S',
Japan's thesis about Manchuria and 4
Panama is set forth plainly in SEMI
official volume entitled Japan Speaks
on the Sino-Japanese Crisis" published :
in the United States this year. The
author Is K. K. Kawakami, distin-
guished Japanese nevspaperman resi- y
dent In this country, and an author off,
eminence. The preface to his books
was written by Tsuyoshi Inukai, who
was assassinated last Spring while prime
minister of Japan.
"U. S. Was instrumental" b
"The American case in Colombia, )" 8
writes Mr.. Kawakami, "is more to the 4
point in its analogy to the japanese
case in Manchur1a. Just before the
United States acquired the Panama !
Canal rights there was revolution m :
Colombia, which gave President Roose-
velt plausible excuse for landing Ma
rines there. What followed is still
snrouded in a certain mystery, but
many Americans privately admit, and
all Latin Americans openly declare, that
the United States was instrumental In
from Colombia what has
since been known as the Republic Of 2
Panama. We may offer a hair-split-
ting argument emphasizing the diff
ference between the Japanese case in
Manchuria and the American case in
Colombia, but that win convince no
one. furthermore, japanese expan-
sion in Manchuria is far more defen- J,
sibles than American expansion in theS
Caribbean and in Central America"
The Japanese argument having been
submitted to the eminent Latin Ameri-5
can hereinafter quoted, he was invited
70 diecorf ond ancuor in dotan TTafa
Is his prepared statement in rebuttal;
Panama asserted its independence
from Colombia by an act of her, own
people exclusively, without any outside
interference.
Manchukuo was created a so-calIed
independent state after the Japanese
armies had invaded and overrun the
whole country of Manchuria and other
parts of China. s4s L
No Armed Clashes. 's@
II, .4. 49, vl-af
The armed forces Of Colombia on the
Isthmus Of Panama did not clash with
American forces. ~e 9:s19s
The Chinese armies IN Manchuria
were attacked, driven away, annihiiated
by the Japanese forces.
III. .s...s
The United States did not have 81
military base on any part of the Isth-5
milan territory. Afl-sI'$
Japan had military base in the
Liaotung peninsula. .t7S
". =
The United States did not exercise 4
In 1908 jurisdictional or sovereign rightspf
on any part of Panama or Colombia
Japan had jurisdictional and sovereign !
rights in South Manchuria and n the
railway zones. fl3sc ~
The action Of the United States re-
gardfng the independence of Panama
took place after the movement carried
out by the Panarnanian people and
was limited to a recognition Of the
new state and a declaration that, in
accordance with the treaty of 1876, the
intercceanic traffic would be main
tanned open and that consequently no,
fighting would be permitted along the
railroad line between Panama ana
Colon. No attempt was ever made to-
stop Colombia from invading the
Isthmus through other parts Of its,
territory. and as a matter of fact q,
large Colombian force was sent to and
maintained for some time in the border.
with the apparent intention of invad-s
ing Panama through the Darien region
The action of Japan against China
was one Of open warfare and preceded
the creation of Manchukuo. \
VI.
The determining cause of the inde-s
penderce of Panama was the rejections
of the canal treaty by the Colombian
Congress, which caused dissatisfaction
in Panama. as its people desired the;
construction Of the canal, which had
triple significance: For Panama. here
economic redemption; for the Uniteds
States, her national security as great,
country with extensive coasts on both;
oceans; for the world, the promotion
OF trade and the shortening of CONF
munications through the realization OF
the three-century- dream of an easy.
passage between the Atlantic and the,
Pacific.
The determining cause Of the, In
dependence of Manchukuo is evidently
the necessity of the japanese people
for territorial and economic expansion
in country which has all the ele-
ments desirable for such purposes, to
wit: Proximity to the empire, fertility
of soil, abundance of minerals In which
Japan is lacking and an enormous area
for an oVerhowing population.
Recognized by is Powers.
VII.
The United States was not the only
nation to grant an early recognition
fo RaoIihIin nf