davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1932-09-30

LOST-Dupont fitted suitcase, lost
at Joe Heser's Log Cabin dance
hall, Saturday night, Sept. II.
Contained lady's wearing apparel.
Can identify any article. S25.00
reward. Leave information at the
Sentinel office, Circle; or the
Herald office, Wolf Point. 33-3t
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1932-09-30

Al Appelgren and Morris Lister
nd left Friday n a few days hunt
ing trip. They plan to go to Lake
Bowdoin and the Nelson reservoir.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1932-09-30

Terry Booth, a Wolf Point high
school graduate, is taking post
graduate work at the Nashua high
school this year.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1932-09-30

Tom Mix, and his wonder horse
Tony, in his first talking picture,
"Destry Rides Again" Friday, Sat
urday at the Liberty.
Evening star., 1932-12-07
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
PHILADELPHIA, December 7.-Dr.
Edward S. Mead. professor OF corpora
ton finance of the University OF Penn
sylvania, told the Engineers Club yes
terday that "the voluntary allotment
plan, which represents President-elect
Roosevelt's ideas of effective farm relief.
offers the best method immediately
available to bring the country out OF
the business depression"
1.-The voluntary allotment plan," said
DR.. Mead, 'aims to restore farm prices
at least to the levels Of 1929. Since that
time the gross income Of American farm
ers, with the fall In farm prices, has
declined more than $4,000, 900, 900, and
the business produced by the expendi-
Gus channels into which the farmers
money goes, has declined by several
times that amount. Every industry and
business in the United States is suffer-
ing from the shrinkage of farm pur-
chasing power.
"The plan is, in substance, first, the
levy of an excise tax upon the con-
sumers Of food and other farm products,
tax which will be paid, in the first in
stance, by flour millers, meat packers
and cotton and tobacco manufacturers
This tax the manufacturers will shift to
the consumer by advancing his prices,
so that the tax will appear as an in
creased cost of living.
Reduced Acreage Sought.
Second, the proceeds of this tax will
be paid to the farmer, on condition
that he reduces his planted acreage of
wheat, corn, tobacco, cotton and other
products, and the number of his breed
Evening star., 1932-12-07
STOMACH UPSET

Get ut the real cause. That's what
thousands Of stomach sufferers are do
ing now. Instead Of taking tonics, or
trying to patch up q poor digestion.
they are attacking the real cause of
the ailment-clogged liver and dis
ordered bowels.
DR.. Edwards Olive Tablets help
arouse the liver in q soothing, healing
way. When the liver and bowels arc
performing their natural functions,
people rarely suffer from Indigestion
and stomach troubles.
Have you q bad taste, coated tongue,
poor appetite, a lazy, don't-care feel
ing, no ambition or energy, trouble
with undigested foods? Try Olive
Tablets, the substitute for calomel.
DIR. Edwards Olive Tablets are a
purely vegetable compound. Know
them by their olive color. They do
the work without gripping, cramps or
pain. All druggists. 15c, SOC and 60c.
Take one or two at bedtime for
quick relief. Eat what you like.
Evening star., 1932-12-07

the withdrawal Of farm demand. 0y
Increasing the farm demand fce the
products Of these great industries the
viii sweep through every channel Of
business, replacing depression with war
time prosperity. rs
Whether this VIII be permanent Il Is
impossible to predict. II the plan Is
made permanent, the farmers benefits
viii continue. AZ for the city workers,
their cost Of living win be substantially
increased. by the plan, and they must
gain compensation for this increased
cost In larger employmenta and eventual-
immediate future, however, the volun-
tary allotment plan offers q prompt way
out Of the business depression"
Evening star., 1932-12-07
ROOSEVELT FARM PLAN CALLED
QUICK WAY TO BETTER TIMES
DR.. Mead of Pennsylvania u. Declares
Voluntary Allotment Idea Promises
Wartime Prosperity.

ing stock. Those farmers who do not
reduce their production will not share
in the tax. In return for a reduction
In his acreage, for example, the farmer
signing up as q co-operator In the plan
will be paid, by the Government. 40
cents q bushel, and he will have in ad-
dition higher price for each bushel of
his reduced crop, because the total
wheat acreage will be reduced. At
present, wheat is selling around Al cents
in Chicago. The farm value is not over
50 cents. BY the voluntary allotment
plan the price would be advanced to
SO cents. the Chicago price plus the
tarih-above this foreign imports would
check the rise. In addition, the wheat
grower will receive 40 cents per bushel
from the Government, giving him a
total price Of $1.23.
'The application Of this method Of
price-raising will be effective If gen.
orally introduced, and If substantially
all farmers cooperate in the plan-to
put agriculture back on its 1929 level.
to add several billion dollars to farm
income.
Called Prompt Way Out.
"This measure, as soon as the law is
passed, even before it is put into opera
ton, In anticipation of large increase
in farm earnings, will act as a powerful
stimulant to American busines, a stim-
ulant comparable to the war buying of
1915-1918. 1t will save thousands Of
country banks, protect farm mortgage
investments, substantially increase rail-
way traffic and earnings, stimulate i'm
mediately the lumber, cement, agricul-
tural machinery, fertilizer, automobile
and gasoline industries, all depressed by
Evening star., 1932-12-07
All to Be Canvassed.
Gilbert Leads Hank Mills.

JEFFERSON PARK, La, December
Z R.-Johnny Gilbert today rode his
183d winner of the year in the third
race here to take the lead from Hank
Mills. Gilbert scored with Strap Han
ger. an 8r1 shot in a 6-furlong dash.
Mills finished fourth In the same race.
Evening star., 1932-12-07
GOLD COAST Scene.
OF CHURCH MISSION.
Historic Chicago Parish to
Garry Religion to Lonely
Youths.
Ry the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, December THE Second
Presbyterian Church, one Of Chicago's
historic places Of worship, has invaded
the outmoded mansions Of the city's
original "Gold Coast" to carry religion
to lonely youths.
About 100 young people from the
90.year-old parish participate In this
mission. It involves canvassing Chi
tial district, now a dilapidated section
of rooming houses and factories.
Youths to Pay Visits.
"Our young people will visit several
thousand dwellings," explained Rev.
William Clyde Howard. pastor Of the
church.
"We will obtain names Of those not
affiliated with any other churches and
invite them to find church home
with us.
ANY names given us with prefer
ence for other creeds will be turned
over to the Nearest congregation of
that denomination"
All to Be Canvassed.
Students, clerks, artists, Stenogra-
pliers, salesmen and jobless persons
men and women alike-who live In this
once-brilliant area, will be canvassed.
The Second Presbyterian Church
sponsors 40 athletic, social and religious
programs each week. It's membership
of $500 is scattered from fashionable
Winnetka, on the Lake Shore north of
Chicago and Evanston to industrial
Gary, Ind, near the foot Of Lake
Michigan.
Evening star., 1932-12-07

People Of noilo, Philippine Islands,
are circulating petitions asking city
officials to force public utility compa-
nies to reduce rates on power, light, wa
ter and telephone services fe
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-01-01
GOVERNMENT LAND
OPENED TO SETTLERS

More than $4,000 acres of
unreserved public lands, Is
miles southeast of Littlefield,
Mohave County, Northwest
ern Arizona, will be opened
to entry by ex-service men
in the federal land office here
beginning February %, 1882
Henry A. Morgan, register,
announced yesterday. T h e
land is described as Town
ship SO, North, Range IA
West.
From February 8, to Febr-
uary p inclusive, eXservice
men may present applica-
tions. All Applications so
presented, with those offer
ed at 900 a. M, February
%, will be treated as though
simultaneously filed.
At 900 a. m. May "a,
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-01-01
LA PALMA CHURCH OF
THE NAZARENE

Rev. H. C. Hess, Pastor
Sunday School 9:45 a. M,
H. A. Wolf, superintendent.
Preaching 11:00 a. m. by
the pastor.
N. Y. P. S. 700 p: m .
Miss Susanna Hess, presi-
dent.
Evening preaching, 800
p. m.
Mid-week prayer meeting,
Wednesday evening.
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-01-01

1882, any of the land re-
naming unreserved and un-
appropriated will become
subject to entry under any
applicable public land law
by the public generally. APP
plications on the part of the
general pubic may be made
from May A, to May %, in
elusive. All applications so
presented, with those offer
ed at 900 a. M, May "a,
will be treated as filed simul-
taneously.-Arizona Repu-
bile.
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-01-01
No. 1884

No. 1884
NOTICE TO CREDITORS
In the, Superior Court of
Pinal County, State of
Arizona
Estate of Lizzie Hess de-
ceased.
Notice is hereby given by
the undersigned Administra-
tor of the Estate of Lizzie
Hess, deceased, to the credi-
tors of and all persons hav-
ing claims against the said
deceased, to exhibit them,
with the necessary vouchers,
within four (4) months after
the first publication of this
notice to the said Admins
traitor at the law office of H.
G.. Richardson, Attorney, in
the town of Florence, Ariz-
zona, the same being the
place for the transaction of
the business of said es-
tate, in said County of Pinal.
(Signed) J. H. HESS.
Administrator of the Es-
tate of Lizzie Hess, deceas-
ed. Dated at Florence, Ari-
zona, this 18th day of Dec
ember, 1881.
First publication Dec. 18, 81
Last publication Jan. 8, '32
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-01-01
FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH
Of Coolidge

S. E. SPARKS, Pastor
Sunday School =. 10 a. m.
Rev. q. R. Neely, General
Superintendent.
Morning Worship j.. II a. m.
B. Y. P. y. ..... $3.50 p. m.
Evening Worship, 7:30 p. m.
The public is cordially in
vited to all services. Come
with us and we will do thee
good" /"
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-01-01

The local organization of
Latter Day Saints held a big
get-to-gether m e e t in G
at the Woman's Club house
in Coolidge Sunday night, it
being their Christmas party
meeting. About $50 were
present grown people and
children and a fine program
and a treat for the children
was the evenings entertain
ment.
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-01-01
LEGALS
No. 1888
NOTICE TO CREDITORS

No. 1888
NOTICE TO CREDITORS
In the Superior Court of
Pinal County, State of
Arizona
Estate of Amos Hess de-
ceased.
Notice is hereby given by
the undersigned Administra-
tor of the Estate of Amos
Hess deceased, to the credi-
tors of and all persons hav-
ing claims against the said
deceased, to exhibit them,
with the necessary vouchers,
within four (4) months after
the first publication of this
notice to the said Admins
tratorat the law office of H.
G. Richardson, Attorney, in
the town of Florence, Ariz.,
the same being the place for
the transaction of the busi-
ness of said estate, in said
County of Pinal.
(Signed) J. H. HESS.
Administrator of the Es-
tate of Amos Hess, de-
ceased. Dated at Florence,
Arizona this 18th day Of
December 1881.
First publication Dec. 18, 81
Last publication Jan. 8, '32.
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-01-01
COOLIDGE CHURCHES

FIRST METHODIST CHURCH
Clyde X. Foster, Pastor
Sunday School 1000 a. m.
Mr.. ]. H. Roberts, superintendent
Classes and Teachers for all ages
Morning Worship, HOO a. m.
COOLIDGE COMMUNITY
CHURCH
Third and Pima
Rev. Earl M. Ward, Pastor.
Rev. ]. w. Henderson, PastorEm
eritus.
Preaching at IL a. m. and p. m
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-01-01

Sunday school at 10 a. m.
intermediate and Senior Endeav-
or, 1870 p. ID.
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-01-01

worth, Jayne, Bollin, Hanks,
and Empy. High score went
to Mrs. j. Luthy and low to
Mrs. w. H. FarnsWOrth:
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-01-01
lz(>G>(n

SSa 's-S% %S-|'H& III s~S
Mrs. w. C. Ketchersid is
on the sick list this week.
Mrs. J. J. Jones is report
ed seriously i'll at her home
in the city.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Du-
sablom were visiting in Phoe-
nix Tuesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Edgar Steph-
enson spent Christmas with
relatives in Chandler.
Mr.. K. M. Fisher is in
Coolidge for the holidays. he
is employed at the Coolidge
Dam.
Mr.. and Mrs. W.F. Farms
worth and family had Christ
mas dinner with relatives in
Mesa.
Mrs. o. F. Hestor of PhOe-
nix is visiting with her
sister Mrs. Earl Weaver IN
Coolidge.
Mr.. and Mrs. Esley Gray
and daughter were Xmas
dinner guests at the home of
]. B. Boone.
Prof. and Mrs. Eisenhart
entertained Mr.. and Mrs. H.
A. Odom and family at din
ner Christmas Day.
DR.. and Mrs. F. P. Glover
had as their Sunday dinner
guests, Mr.. and Mrs. Earl
Weaver and family.
Mr.. and Mrs. S. w. Bate
spent their Christmas hol-
day with their daughters
family in Phoenix.
The SanCarlos hotel is
having the walls of some of
the rooms newly plastered
and decorated.
We learn just as we go to
press of the death of the
little son of Mr.. and Mrs.
Wallace in North Coolidge.
Mr.. and Mrs, T. w. MoX-
lev are now operating the
Lunch Stand by the Post
office.
Mr.. Harry Hamilton of
Phoenix was a dinner guest
of Mr.. and Mrs. William Du-
sablon in the Butterfield
Apartment.
Miss Alice Sellers of Phoe-
nix was a Sunday visitor at
the home of Mr. and Mrs.
Fred Slater in Coolidge.
Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Slater
spent Christmas at the home |
of Mrs. Slater's parents, Mr..
and Mrs. w. T. Barker of
Mesa.
Mr.. and Mrs. R. j. Jones
returned Wednesday from
Los Angeles, California,
where they had spent Christ
mas with Mrs. Jones mother.
Sam Denham, proprietor
of the Coolidge Drug Co.
spent Christmas with his
family in Proenix, returning
home Saturday evening.
Harry Culbert one of the
teachers in the Coolidge
schools is spending the holi-
day vacation with relatives
in California.
Mrs. C.. T. Etter's condi-
ton is greatly improved, she
expresses her thanks to the
Camp Fire girls for their
carols Thursday evening.
DR.. and Mrs. F. P. Glover
had as Christmas guests Mr..
and Mrs. John F. Pomeroy
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-01-01

Mrs. K. M. Fisher was
hostess to a bridge party on
Wednesday afternoon. Those
present were Mesdames, Lu-
thy, Boon, Butterfield, Farms
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-01-01

Mrs. w. C. Ketchersid is
on the sick list this week.
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-01-01

Mrs. J. J. Jones is report
ed seriously i'll at her home
in the city.
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-01-01

The members of the Bap-
tist chrch at Sacaton had an
old fashioned Christmas tree
Christmas night. A fine pro-
gram was presented and the
church was filled to its ut
most capacity by an appre-
ciative audience.
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-01-01

DIR. and Mrs. F. P. Glover
had as Christmas guests Mr..
and Mrs. John F. Pomeroy
and children of Patagonia,
Arizona.
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-01-01

Mrs. J. G.. Chilson of Vic
tor, Colo, and Mrs. S. j. Tu-
dor of Akron, Colo, sister
and mother of Mrs. D. S.
Davis are visiting here over
the holidays and will make
an extended visit.
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-01-01

Mrs. c.. T. Etter's condi-
ton is greatly improved, she
expresses her thanks to the
Camp Fire girls for their
carols Thursday evening.
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-01-01

Mr.. and Mrs. William Du-
sablom were visiting in Phoe-
nix Tuesday.
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-01-01

Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Slater
spent Christmas at the home
of Mrs. Slater's parents, Mr..
and Mrs. w. T. Barker of
Mesa.
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-01-01

Mr.. and Mrs. R. J. Jones
returned Wednesday from
Los Angeles, California,
where they had spent Christ
mas with Mrs. Jones mother.
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-01-01

Harry Culbert one of the
teachers in the Coolidge
schools is spending the holi-
day vacation with relatives
in California.
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-01-01

Miss Alice Sellers of Phoe-
nix was a Sunday visitor at
the home of Mr.. and Mrs.
Fred Slater in Coolidge.
The Coolidge examiner., 1932-01-01

Sam Denham, proprietor
of the Coolidge Drug Co.
spent Christmas with his
family in Proenix, returning
home Saturday evening.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-07-08

Thomas A. Edison was so preoccu-
pied with his laboratory work that he
nearly missed his second wedding.
This was recalled by Mrs. Franklin
Ives, whose father, the late BENJAMIN
Franklin Card, was associated with
the great inventor for more than 30
years, says an article In the Brooklyn
Eagle.
"The story Of Edison's second wed
ding was one Of my fathers fayorite
recollections of him." Mrs. Ives said.
Edison was hard at work on a prob
lem in his laboratory Just before the
wedding. He had become so preoccu-
pied that he had quite forgotten time.
Fifteen minutes before the appoint
ed hour his best man found him there
utterly absorbed. He begged the In
ventor to dress and hurry to the wed
ding. Edison protested that he was
on the verge Of q great discovery and
couldn't possibly leave. Finally, al
most by main force, his best man sue
ceeded in dressing him and getting him
to the church-a little late and still
preoccupied. but at least acquiescspt"
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-07-08
DEMOCRATIC STANDARD
BEARERS

Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt,
Of New York, was chosen by the
Democratic national convention, in
Chicago, last week, on the fourth
ballot, as the Presidential nominee of
the party, with Speaker of the House
of Representatives John N. Garner,
of Texas, as vice-presidential NOM
inee, chosen by reclamation.
Governor Roosevelt went by air.
plane to Chicago, on Saturday, and
delivered his speech of acceptance at
the convention before it adjourned.
An outstanding feature Of the con-
vention was the complete ''flop" OF
ex-Gov. AL. Smith, of New York, as
a political dictator. He went to Chi
cago as a popular idol, but left il
shorn of his prestige.
He not only failed to develop any
real strength as a candidate for the
Presidential nomination, but lost out
entirely in his efforts to dictate the
selection Of a candidate, being oppos-
ed to Roosevelt, the popular choice.
Maryland's favorite son, Gov. Al
bert c. Richie, got a big hand from
the public, but could muster few del
egates when it came to voting.
With Roosevelt and Garner as
standard bearers, running on plat
form whose principal feature is its
wetness, the Democrats will make
their campaign for votes at the COM
ing election in November.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-07-08
DEMOCRATIC PLATFORM
DRIPPING WET

The Democratic party, in National
Convention at Chicago, last week,
threw overheard all of its dry sup
porters, and wrote into its platform
a dripping wet plank, that was adopt
ed with whoop on the floor of the
convention.
Apparently the party has sold its
birthright for mess of pottage, the
pottage in this case being whiskey,
wine and beer, serving notice that it
wants the vote of vets, and cares
nothing for the drys.
y The paramount issue in the franz
ing of the platform was the wet and
dry controversy, and the liquor in
terests of the country, with Senator
David /. Walsh, of Massachusetts,,
and Ex-Governor AL. Smith, of New
York, leading, yelled themselves to
victory in an uproar, by A to l vote
for the repeal of the 18th Amend
ment.
With the final vote 1874 3-4 to 213
ga in favor of the straight out repeal
plank there could be no doubt of the
sentiment Of the party, nor of the
fact that prohibition had been made
chief, if not the paramount, issue
of the campaign.
The rest of the Democratic plat
form shows comparatively few diff
ferences from that of the Republican
platform passed a fortnight previous,
save in regard to the tariff. The
Democratic platform is probably the
shortest document of the kind ever
written in the history of American
politics. It runs to less than 1900
words and yet covers all the essen
tials of such campaign document.
Analysis shows that Americas two
major parties are now chiefly diyid-
ed on three matters, prohibition, tar
iff and the respective Interpretation
of the Hoover record of the past
8 IL years.
Democrats favor the repeal of the
Eighteenth Amendment and immedi-
ate modification of the Volstead Act;
Republicans merely favor submits
sion of the question for decision to
the people.
Democrats favor tariff reduction;
Republicans uphold the present tar
Tiff and want it extended.
Democrats assail Mr.. Hoover's
record in the light of the business
recession; Republicans defend it.
These are the differences between
the two parties which the Democrat
jc candidates must emphasize.
igswAtsek,3 ,akaat Isl
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-07-08
Low Rate ON Elmans

Mischa Elman, so the story goes,
was at hotel in city where he was
to give concert. The, great violinist
was approached by small boy who
asked him for his autograph, and FL
man graciously obliged.
Still later the boy sought another
signature. "But," protested Gilman, 81
have given you two autographs al
ready. What do you want with three?"
swell, mister" said the boy, there's
kid in town who will trade me a
Heifetz for three Elmans. "-Saturday
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-07-08

NJ all the fruits grown in this
country, more cam d
peaches are consumed than
any other fruit. Perhaps their
popularity Is due to the fact that
peaches have the looks and taste,
the rosy cheeks and sweetness
that have made them synonymous
for pretty girls.
Some Peachy Reclpesl
But whatever the source of their
popularity. you'll find the peach
salad and dessert sauce which
follow, most pleasing indeed.
Posy Salad: Arrange alternate
slices Of orange sections and
canned sliced peaches in petal
form on a bed of lettuce. Com
bine equal quantities of chopped
dates and chopped sailed peanuts,
and moisten with mayonnaise.
Form into balls and place one
in the center Of each posy. Chop
candied ginger fine, and make a
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-07-08

thin border around the date ball.
Serve with cream mayonnaise to
which has been added a little
chopped pimiento and chopped
green pepper.
Peach MeringMes: Cut stale
sponge cake in rounds with the
cooky cutter. Slightly moisten
each round with the juice from
maraschino cherries. Put half q
peach, cut side up, on each piece
of cake and fill cavities with
halved maraschino cherries. Make
a meringue, using three table
spoons confectioner's sugar to
each egg white, and pile thickly
over the peaches. Bake in a very
slow oven until the meringue IN
done-300' for fifteen minutes.
Peach HGrd Sauce: Cream one.
third cup butter and one cup con-
fectioner's sugar, add one-fourth
teaspoon vanilla and two-thirds
cup of diced, drained peaches. Chill
| and serve over pudding or cake.s
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1932-07-08

"8 EsausaAiVU NdpOVS)f bTdHS-
planting Coffee Shrub (right).
CHICAGO.-Fine coffee growing Is
to the Republic of Colombia what
thoroughbred horse raising is to Eng
land-a national pride.
There are now more than 100000
GOO coffee trees, which bear close to
q half billion pounds Of the product
annually. in that republic, which is
the largest producer Of the worlds
finest grades. known as "milds."
The seeds for new growths are Sc
lected with scrupulous care and the
most modern cultivation methods are
used by the coffee planters in Colon
bia. Coffee experimental farms have
been established throughout the re-
public by the National Federation Of
Coffee Growers to benefit the planters
In solving cultivation problems.
The coffee is first planted in a
seed bed, later transplanted in a nur-
sery, and finally when about IL feet
high the growths are placed in pre-
pared groves at distance Of 6 to 10
feet apart. Colombian coffee groves
are located in attitudes ranging be-
tween $500 and $500 feet above sea
level. Permanent shading of the
groves-a highly important factor-is
provided by the use Of "guamo" and
acacia trees. which absorb very little
moisture from the soil and permit
the penetration Of sufficient sunlight
90 essential to coffee growths.
The coffee trees, which grow to a
height Of IA to 20 feet, are kept
pruned to 6 to 8 feet. They begin