The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-02-10

became mayor Of the city Of Lyons at the age
of 23-holdins the job for over a score Of
years.
The spectacular rise Of Benito Mussolini.
dictator Of Italy. is familiar everywhere. Mus
solini was the son Of village blacksmith. who
was also revolutionary Socialist and the. fu-
ture dictator did not even learn how to read
until he was IS years old.
Following in his fathers footsteps, be too
became radical. working the while a. COM
mon laborer-he carried bod in Switzerland
while in his teens. and at one time wa. jailed
as a vasabond. A. young man he repeatedly
ran afoul Of the police. because Of his radical
activities. and as editor Of Socialist newspa-
per he was in the black books Of the Italian
authorities up to the time Italy entered the
World War.
Serving with distinction in the army. be was
elected to Parliament IN 1921. His subse-
quent rise to power is too well known to need
repeating.
HEINRICH BRUENlNC, chancellor of
IL Germany. also came up from the lower
strata of society. He was the son Of uot-too-
prosperous distiller. His family was able to
provide him with an education. and in bus early
EOS he joined the trade union movement It
is stated that bis friends then predicted that he
would go far-he might some day even rise to
be secretary Of some unionl
Bruening saw much active service in the
World War. and became prominent in politics
in the days after the armisdce when the repub.
lie wa. being formed.
In Russia. of course. It is now the rule and
not the exception for the leaders to be sons Of
poverty. Joseph Stain. dictator Of Russia.
lives up to the rule perfectly.
He wa. born in the province Of Georgia
born into the lowest grade Of society. As 4
boy he was street hawker in TiAs; later. OBJ
tanning admission to seminary. where be was
to study for the priesthood. he developed rad
ical ideas and was expelled.
He promptly became member of the rev.
dictionary party. was six times arrested and
banished from Russia. and joined the Bolshe-
vik party when It was first formed. He met
Lenin in 1905. and from then until the sevo-
luton was one of the most prominent and active
members Of the Bol.heviki. being known for
years a. Lenin's right-hand man.
MUsTAPHA KEMAL. dictator Of the
1N1 Turkish republ;c. did not begin quite as
far down the ladder as some Of the men mem
toned here. but hi. start wa. inauspicious
enough. His father was = minor clerk in the
Turkish customs Office in Salonii. and the
father died while the future dictator was a
small boy. The mother managed to support
herself and her children. and Renal passed the
entrance examinations to the Turkish military
academy.
Entering the army upon graduation. he
quickly became member Of the revolutionary
Society Of Liberty" and got into trouble with
the government several times. He broke with
Enver Bey after the ''Yoms Turk" revolu-
ton had ended The regime Of Sultan Abdul
Hamid. and did not become prominent figure
in the government until after the World War.
Thomas Masaryk i president Of Czecho-
Slovakia. He began life Is the son Of =
coachman in the day. Of the old Austrian en-.
pire. when coachman's son could seldom as
pire to any position higher than that to which
he was born. As boy he became lock-
smiths apprentice in Vienna. earning just 50
cents. q week.
Winning an education with extreme diff
Guilty. Masaryk became a teacher. and shortly
before the war be was professor Of Slavonic
studies IN London university. When the war
started he foresaw the chance to gain indie.
pendence for bis fellow count.ymen. and i'm.
mediately started an unwearying campaign for
an independent Czecho-Slovakia.