davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1932-12-04
G. w. U. Has Study Groups.
\ PROFESSIONAL study groups have


n PROFESSIONAL study groups have
been formed by students in the
School of Medicine and in the
Law School Of George Washington Uni
yersity.
The newly organized Smith Reed
Russell Society limits its membership to
students of the three upper classes in
the School of Medicine who have at
tained a scholastic average OF 86 or
above.
The society is named in honor Of DR..
Theobald Smith, Dr. Walter Reed and
DR.. Frederick Russell. who successfully
held the chair of bacteriology in the
School of Medicine. All are men who
are universally recognized for their con-
tributions to the science OF medicine.
Dr.. Smith, who was head OF the de-
partment of bacteriology frcm 1886 to
1894, made important discoveries IN
bacteriology, protosology and immunity.
DR.. Walter Reed, head of the depart
ment from 1894 to 1902, is remembered
for his famous experiments Leading TO
the control of yellow fever. DR.. Russell,
who succeeded DR.. Reed, serving from
1902 to 1910, was the discoverer OF ty-
phoid vaccination.
Officers of the Smith-Reed Russell
Society are James l.. Snyder, president: /:
George w. Reeve, vice president, ana
Alfred Thorn. Sd, secretary treasurer.
Plans are being made by the society for
a banquet, to be held in December, at
which DR.. Smith. DR.. Russell and DR..
Reeds son. Col. Reed, will be present.
In the Law School students have
formed three clubs which will organlz2
discussions and debates in problems o
legal interest Names of Supreme Court
justices have Eeen adopted by the clubs.
They are known as the Taft Club, the
Hughes Club and the Holmes Club The
clubs have limited their membership to
"a members, eight from each class. 1t
is expected that after the quotas OF the
existing groups are filled other CLUBS
will be formed.
Sigma Delta Phi, honorary fraternity
for the speech arts, will hold its annual
oratorical contest Friday. The contest
is open to all man and woman students
lin the university.
Announcement OF the annual contest
for the Alexander Wilbourne Weddell
Prize for the best essay on the promo
ton of international peace has been
made by Dr. Charles E. Hill chairman
of the Committee of Judges. Other
members of the committee are James o.
Murdock. lecturer on international law,
and Prof John Donaldson professor of
political economy.
The prize of $500, which will be
awarded during commencement In June,
was established by Mrs. Weddell in
honor of her husband, a graduate OF
the George washington University and
for many years q member of the United
States foreign service.
Evening star., 1932-12-04
GRASSHOPPER'S DEATH
SADDENS HOSPITAL
Tiny Green Pet Provided Fun for
Tumerculosis Patients, Who
Made 1t Tame.

BY the Associated Press.
LEEDS, Mo- December 3.-Pstients
at Leeds tuberculosis Sanitarium who
forgot some of their own troubles in ef-
forts to keep Saco, tiny green grass
hopper, alive until Christmas, are sad.
Saco is dead He landed one Summer
day on the bed OF Jack Robinson four
years a patient. Subsequently Saco
found his way nightly to a little card
board home and daily battled with a
dangling string.
When Autumn began to paint the
leaves en- surrounding hills, Robinson
began to share his electric heating pad
with Saco in defiance of the rule that
the first frosty air of Fall hsalth-giving
to humans, spells death TO a grasshop-
per. Now the patients look sadly at
their guppi fish in bowl and their
white Alice in cage saco, they agree.
was more fun
o
Evening star., 1932-12-04
BARS REDS FROM JOBS
Switzerland Declares Communists
Ineligible for Civil Service.

BERNE, Switzerland, December 3
Cp).-The Federal Council decided yes
terday that all members of the Com
munist party would henceforth be in
eligible to hold civil service jobs The
Swiss Telegraphic News Agency an
pounced the federal military depart
ment had decided to take no measures
against the officers and soldiers of the
militia involved in the incidents at &C.
neva on November 8, when dozen per-
sons were killed
Evening star., 1932-12-04
KIWANIS PLANS FOR 1888
Lieutenant Governor Elect Guest of
Hill at Luncheon,

1ill at Luncneon.
Lieutenant goyernors-elect of the
Capital Kiwanis district were guests of
Edwin F. Hill, goyernor-elect, at a
luncheon this noon at the Raleigh
Hotel, when plans for the coming year
were discussed. Among those who at
tended were: Parker r. 10y, Hagers-
town; James T. Collins, jr., Danville;
Broaddus =. Chewing, Roanoke; DR..
Lon P. Roper, Portsmouth; E. I.
Carruthers. Charlottesville, and C.
Walter Cole, Towson, Md.
Asa r. Howard, district secretary and
treasurer, Of Roanoke; Dr. Henry A.
Converse, Harrisonburg, present gov
ernor, and other Kiwanis officials at
tended the meeting. Many members of
the Washington club. of which Mr.. Hill
is president, also attended.
Evening star., 1932-12-04

SOESNA wy tN~'
THE pre- = emf
neney OF Wa ching
ton as a fecal cen :
ter of pililstclis
intere-t cannot be
questioned. Stamp
collectors in every
portion of the
earth e look to
w q S h n gton for
guidance and help
In the Pursuit OF
their chosen hob
b.. The tide has
been flowing in
this direction for c
long time.
THE Fost Cm9e
n-,No-ty1,c9 Ff tl1n
Evening star., 1932-12-04
Spanish War Veterans
Meetings This Week.

CAMPS.
Monday, 8 pm, Henry w. Law
ton, Pythlan Temple; 7 pm, Col
John Jacob Astor, Stanley Hall,
United States Soldiers Home.
Friday. 8 pm, Gen. Nelson A.
Miles, Pythian Temple; Admiral
George Dewey Naval. Northeast
Temple.
AUXILIARIES.
Monday. s pm, Admiral George
Dewey Naval, Northeast Temple.
Tuesday, g. pm, Col. John
Jacob Astor, 92l Pennsylvania
avenue southeast.
Friday. 8 pm, Gen. Nelson A.
Miles, Pythian Temple.
NATIONAL LINEAL SOCIETY.
wednesday, 8 pm, Washington
Temple, No. /, Pythian Temple.
Evening star., 1932-12-04
sXlslR ksae ~ - W
||NHSTAMPSAE6ka ~
BY JAMES WALDO FAwCETT.

=::s 81 has 's: ''ssH; Ss'';':: 'h;
Warren Irving Glover, Sec
ond Assistant Postmaster
General and founder of the Philatelic
Agency OF the Post Office Department,
Evening star., 1932-12-04

Sports are more popular In Mexico
than ever before.
Evening star., 1932-12-04

Every automobile in Liberia was
made in America
Evening star., 1932-12-04
Schools and Colleges
Events of Interesting Student and Faculty
Activities in Washington $ Leading
Educational Institutions.

amendment to the Constitution. the So
called 'lame-duek amendment should
be ratified Immediately" Besides Mr..
Travis, the winning negative team in
eluded L. R. Humbert and Carl Helm
rich. The affirmative team included,
with Miss Rea, L. X. Swiger and Stuart
E. Robson.
Judges of the debate were Miss NJ.
Pearl Mccall, assistant United States
attorney for the District of Columbia;
George Kearney. librarian OF the De-
partment of Justice, and A. Harry Wall
ter, practicing attorney.
Plans now are being made for the
Winter term at National University
which begins Immediately after the
Christmas holidays. One of the first
of the new courses to be scheduled Is
that in corporation finance, which DR..
Amos E. Taylor, professor OF interna-
tional trade relations at National and
assistant chief of the Bureau of For
eign and Domestic Commerce in the
Department of Commerce, will conduct.
The course deals with the nature of
corporations, promotion and organiza-
ton, issue of securities, underwriting
and other phases of corporation finance.
DR.. Taylor's lectures will be given at
5:35 pm Mondays and Thursdays.
DR. Charles Pergier dean of Ma
tionals graduate department and DR.,
James r. Couch, professor of science at
the same institution, were speakers at
a meeting of the John Marshal Chapter
of the Chi Psi Omega Fraternity of
American University last night. DR..
Pergler spoke on Modern Educational
Problems and DR.. Couch discussed
The Academic Heritage Of Greece" :"
The meeting. which was the fratern!ty's
Fall dinner, was held at the Kennedy
Warren Apartments.
Frat Head Visits School.
LAUDE M HOUCHINS, grand
president of the National Sigma
Delta Kappa Fraternity, was
guest of honor at the formal initiation
and banquet held by Alpha Mu Chapter
of Columbus University Law School
last week at the Kennedy-Warren.
Besides HouchinS, the guests included
Dean John r. Fitzpatrick, Profs. Thomas
Fitzgerald and William A. Roberts and
Raymond w. Walters, former chan
cellor of the chapter. Each of the
guests delivered an address. Walters
outlined plans for the national conyen-
ton, to be held early in January in
Indianapolis. The affair was presided
over by C. A. Giblin, present chancellor.
Nine new members we're inducted into
the fraternity in ceremonies preceding
the banquet
An intersociety debate has been an
nounced for December 20. The Colum-
bian Debating Society will meet the
Freshman Society on the subject Re
solved, That the United States should
increase its national defense" The
Columbian Society team, represented
by Beverly Davenport and John Lowe,
with Francis jain as alternate, will
take the affirmative. The negative will
be supported by the freshman group.
composed of walter Dosh, George F.
Grifrith and Edward F. Quigley, alter
nate. Judges for the debate are yet to
be announced.
Evening star., 1932-12-04

Five famous inventors have been hon.
ored in United States stamps. They
are: Benjamin Franklin whose portrait
appears on many issues; Robert Fulton,
2-cent 1909; John Erickson, scent
1925; Orville Wright, 2-cent 1928. aero
nautics conference and Thomas Edison,
2-cent 1929, electric light
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-07-13
Needy Are
GivenrP
by Mission

Children from families receiving
aid from the indianapolis Flower
Nilsson were entertained at a pic
mic Tuesday given by the mission
board at, the Haversticks park home
of Mrs. David Ross, president of the
mission. Eighty children were pres
ent.
Entertainment included rides up
White river in a motor boat, story
telling by Miss Carrie E. Scott of
the public library, songs and music
by Edward and LIE Roy New, radio
entertainers; magic tricks by Billy
Steinmetz, and an impromptu talk
on birds by Mrs. Ross.
A picnic lunch was a feature Of
the day. All the children come
from families where there is one
or more case of tuberculosis. and
the lunch was prepared in view Of
this fact
Mrs. I. E. Rush was in charge OF
arrangements for the party. She is
chairman Of the child welfare COM
mittee from the indianapolis Coun-
Gil of Women, assisted by members
of the committee.
Others assisting Mrs. Ross were
the following members of the board:
Mrs. James D. Ermston, Mrs. Ed
ward Ferger, Mrs. James H. Loves,
Mrs. F. H. Cheyne and Mrs. Fred
Noerr.
The motor boat was operated by
Miss Betty Hartzell. Additional con-
tributions to the refreshments were
made by the Fertig Ice Cream Com
pany and the c. A. Richardson
Candy Company.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-07-13

N\ BY JANE JORDAN /p)

He must realize that no man can
be a carefree bachelor, though
married. You must realize that no
woman can be all things to her
husband at all times. Somewhere
between the two extremes lies the
secret Of a happy marriage.
Dear Jane Jordan-I have nice home
is lust the opposite. People saw ANY, iS csn't
get date around home because of NV
father he / try to live right. but it seems
at times that I don't care. N O''' 'N'N
The only reason I keep on trying to
6 do right is nv mother Is decency the
dance and swim. is that wrong? What
Is your view of girls who smoke. drink.
I went with one fellow who was Just
wonderful for while, and then because
! WoulGn't play the part of a sport we
threw it in my face. lust like other bows bows
have done. This always makes me angry
ana aIi the result is that I love boy
town, but don't know his views about
girls. Could YOU tell me how to act as
,h would like to keep his friendship for a
Dear Blondy-Here is case
where the sins of the father in
deed are visited on the children. I
know of nothing more wicked or
cruel than for community to Judge
an innocent young girl by her ia
theirs record, particularly when
she has fine mother to even up the
score.
One thing gives me hope, and
that is the callow youth of the boys
you have gone with. When a boy
is very young, he has not learned
to Judge a girl for her own sake. but
lets her surroundings color his view
point. When older men come into
your life, they will see you more
clearly for what you are.
Yes, decency is the most worth
while thing in life. Do not buy the
attention of these pretty youths
with loose conduct, but save YOUR
self for a more appreciative man.
My opinion of girls who smoke,
drink and pet is that most of them
do not do it because they want to,
but because they believe it to be the
price Of popularity. How shall you
act in the presence of a new boy
friend? Like the lady that you are.
Make no attempt to apologize for
your father, but let your own good
conduct speak for itself. Your pre-
dicament is very apt to arouse all
the chivalry in some mans nature,
thereby turning itself into an asset
instead of a liability.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-07-13
Visitors Are
Entertained
at Bridge

Mrs. Merritt L. Thompson, 1923
Carrollton avenue, gave the first Of
two parties for out-of-town guests
today at her home. Mrs. Floyd
Vandewark Of TT. Collins, Colo, who
Is visiting her parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
Robert B. Douglass, and Mrs. John
Heiney Of Washington, who is the
guest Of her parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
r. r. Yeagley, we're honor guests at
bridge party today.
The other guests were Mesdames
William II Book. Charles Wilson,
James A~Stuart, Harry H. Hough-
talen, Verna Pate, Howard NJ. Patti
son, Norman M Beatty and Roger
BEEN and the Misses Helen FRANKIE
Hazel Warren, Dorothy Carey Eliza
beth Moore, Helen Tichenor and
Frances Longshore.
Mrs. Heiney and Mrs. Joseph
Moore Of Los Angeles will be enter
tanned at luncheon bridge Thurs
day.
The guests will be Mesdames Ed
gar Rennoe, Lewis Woodruff, Ralph
NJ. Clark, Howard Bates. Robert
Rennick, Otto Jensen and Roger
BEEN.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-07-13
Program for
City Concert
Is Announced

The program has been announced
for the concert to be presented at
8:15 Thursday night by George
Newton Jr, soloist, and Miss Ger
trude Free, organist, at the Irving
ton Presbyterian church.
The concert is being sponsored by
the Woman's Auxiliary Of the
church, and is open to the public.
Mr.. Newton is the son of Mr.. and
Mrs G. A. Newton, 1859 East Michi-
gan street. Miss Free is the organ
list at the First Presbyterian church.
The program follows:
Part I
Rolling in Roaming Biliows" -. Haydn
Mr.. Newton
Sonata Minor" ....... .Mendelssohn
Allegro Moderate e serioso. Adaagiqp:"
''10" Miss Free.
%Auf dem Kirchlofe" .......ii schum am
Pray con;c ..''''.'' i ango VIII VIII
Mr.. Newton.
Part II
Organ- o,.,..
Canvon. Walls ...............,; Clokey
In Paradiouin'; ............... Dubois
w Miss Free
AN Old Song Re-sung" ......... Critics
Moon Marketing" ............ Weaver
Three Fishers" ................Hu llah
The FLORAL Dance" Moss Moss
Mr. Newton.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-07-13
Eleanor Griffin
to- Be Bride of
Russell Seth

Miss Eleanor Griffin of Indian
apolis, daughter of Mr.. and Mrs
Thomas F. Griffin of Terre Haute,
will become the bride of Russell
Seth at 4 this afternoon in the
st. Patricks rectory in Terre Haute.
The VOWS will be read by the Rev.
James Delaney before the immedi-
ate families.
The bride will wear gown of
white net, fashioned long. She will
wear large white horsehair picture
hat and will carry a shower bouquet
of blue delphinium.
She will be attended by her sis
ter, Mrs. Bert Menden of Terre
Haute. who will wear an aqua mar
inc net frock with pink horsehair
picture hat. She will carry a bou-
quet of pink delphiniun.
James McAllister of Indianapolis
will be best man.
Following the ceremony, a recep-
ton will be held at the home of
the parents. After a wedding trip,
the couple will be at home after
July 20 at 1902 North Illinois street.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-07-13
HIGH TRIBUTE PAID
TO MRS, RALST0N

The reception given by the
Marion County Democratic Won
ems Club Tuesday night at the
Claypool in honor of Mrs. Sam
uel L. Ralston was attended by
several hundred persons, including
Mayor Reginald Sullivan and
members of the state legislature.
Mrs. Ralston is the newly elected
national committeewoman from
Indiana.
In the receiving line were the
president of the club, Mrs. Frank
T. Dowd; M Ralston, Miss Julia
Landers, former national commit
teewoman; Mrs. George Werbe, Mrs.
P. G. Kelly and Mrs. George Dry
den Yeazel
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-07-13
NEWS OF SOCIETY FOLK

Porter of Tiffin, o. have gone to
Europe for an extended tour. All
were graduated from the Wharton
school of finance at the University
Of Pennsylvania.
Mr.. and Mrs. T. P. Harrington,
2214 Central avenue, have as their
guests, Mr.. and Mrs. Paul ]. Har-
rington of Crawford, N. j.: John D.
Harrington of Oak Park, Ill, and
Misses Frances Davidson and Mar
guerite Thomas, both of Chicago.
Mrs. H. G. Hennessy and Mrs.
Benjamin J. Rowell have returned
from Greensburg where they were
the house guests of Miss Thelma
Kinsey.
Miss Naomi Mikesell, 304 South
Ritter avenue, has gone to Luding-
ton, Mich. to spend two weeks with
her cousin, Lionel Wiggam.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-07-13
Mrs. Fifer to
Be HOnOred by
Mission Group

Womens Missionary Society of
the indianapolis district. Methodist
Episcopal church, will hold an all
day meeting Friday IN the Brook
side park community house. Guests
of honor will be Mrs. o. w. Fifer,
who, with DR.. Fifer, will leave soon
for residence in Cincinnati, and
Miss Anna Carson, who recently re-
turned from the Philippines.
The morning session will open at
10, with reviews of the new mis-
sionary study books by Mrs. E. P,
Jones and Mrs. Harry Denny. A
picnic luncheon will be served at
noon, after which a farewell pro-
gram for Mrs. Fifer and a welcome
for Miss Carson will be presented
A musical program in the after
noon will include numbers by Floy
Cook, pianist; Maurice Fowler,
tenor; Ems!ey Johnson Jr., cornet,
and Miss Lois lie Saulnier, violinist.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-07-13
Card Parties

Ladies auxiliary to the Altenheim
will have it's monthly card party
for members and friends at 2 Fri
day afternoon at the Altenheim.
Mrs. Louis Doerschel is chairman,
assisted by Mrs. Charles Otte, Mrs.
Anna Tapking, Miss Grace Roger
and Miss Alice Mueller
Indianapolis chapter, Women of
the Moose, will give card parties at
2:30 and $50 Thursday at the hall,
135 North Delaware street, Mrs.
Ella Vice is chairman of the after
noon party and Mrs. Louise Hoover
of the night party.
st. Patrick's Social Club will give
a card party at $3.50 tonight, and at
2;30 Friday afternoon at the school
hall. Mrs. Cecilia Hoban is in
charge.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-07-13

IF you find men hard to under
i stand, write to Jane Jordan for
an explanation of their conduct.
Your letters will be answered in this
column.
Dear Jane jordan have been going
with man for two wears We now are
he has to work nights for several weeks
at time. He lust has finished WORK.
ing nights. on his first night on ne ne
o'clock. Then suddenly he leaves, and
goes riding with some men friends OF
his
I hardly, could believe it. preferring
night off he feels rather i'll and says he
for him to make up his mind.
I can't understand him. He buys me
everything under the sun and Is as sweet
as can be- Why the sudden indifference
Another thing he recsntly gave me TO
understand We would be married very
soon. Now he has CHANGED IA his MIND dnT
ried. He swears he loves me and acts
like it when he is, with me ! really
believe he does What Do TSg t9iFk6 oil
'q Dear Perplexed-I do not think
the young man is ready to get
married. He has not learned yet
that women think marriage is a
monopoly. It would come as pain
full surprise to him to know that
YOU expect him to prefer you to all
corners at all times in all places.
A man wants to be both married
and single, He Graves one woman
on whom he can count for SYM
pathy and affection, who always is
where he can find her when he feels
like making love
When he has had enough of love
for the time being, he wants all the
freedom of his bachelor days, to go
out with his friends and seek other
amusements.
Your young man is going through
the age-old conflict. He has found
a woman whom he would like to
keep, but he is not sure that he
wishes to give up his freedom for
the privilege Of living with her
If he hangs to his freedom, he
will lose the girl If he marrieS the
girl. he will lose his freedom Both
seem desirable Like most men, he
wants to have his cake ard eat it,
too.
Your attitudes toward love and
marriage are as far apart as the
poles, and I doubt if they can be
reconciled. You would not be happy
with a husband who had not had
his fill of freedom. He would not
be happy with wife who laid
claim to all his time.
Unless you can come to a clear
understanding of what each expects
in marriage, and compromise your
attitudes, neither of you will be
able to bear up under the disap-
pointment, and another marriage
will go on the rocks.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-07-13

cause they have made me just this
way as 1 am.
MY mother did not want me to
climb the cocoanut and mango trees
in our garden. For these trees
would break without much trouble
But I would climb the trees
anyway, and 1 always came down
with what I went up after, even
if 1 did not always come down
safely on my feet.
And the other thing was that I
hated old age more than anything.
There was a prematurely gray man
at the cocoa store where I had to
go for my mother I thought he
was older than Methuselah, and a
terrible ogre.
Found Ogre Changed
But when I was IA we came
away to America And went to
school at Columbia university, and
then studied business, and then
beauty culture. SO went to work
for three years and shaved over the
spoiled daughters and pampered
wives of your rich Americans.
And then at last I had vaca-
ton. I went to Trinidad. 1 drove
by the cocoa shop. And there stood
a tall young man with dark hair. He
was my old white-haired ogre!
Il said, How did you do that?'
And ne told me a native had told
him a secret formula for bringing
back the old color to ones hair"
When she came back she assem-
bled some heads" for all doubters.
Her head collection in her New
York salon is a human one-real,
living persons whose hair is gray or
CRAVING.
Love and Business Mix
Then friend took her to lunch
with Victor J. Thrill, cosmetics man
ufactrrer. Thill came to see her
."heads" But Thrill was cautious. 1t
took lot of meetings with Miss
Gomez, and many conferences with
chemists, to complete the deal.
And even before the business
agreement was reached, a matri-
monial deal was on.
In two depression years Miss
Gomez made money, bought a Long
Island home, where she supports
her mother and Jose and Francesca,
the orphaned children of a sister.
Miss Gomez, who keeps her own
name in business, is not the brisk,
aggressive type Of business women
we know in the north. She is
gentle and gracious and subtle. She
never spYaks fast or loudly, and she
never is in hurry.
1T was magic charm" she
laughed, this formula which the
native told the cocoa merchant.
which the cocoa merchant told me.
1t brought my husband right to
me-"
1T was all matter of chemistry
said Mr.. Thrill.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-07-13
LUNCHEON GIVEN
FOR CLUB GROUP

Mrs. S. R. Artman entertained
members of the Anglo-India chapter
of the international Travel Study
Club with luncheon at her home
in Ulen Park, Lebanon, Monday.
Those present were:
Mesdames Daisy Ayres, c. E. Reiter, Earl
M Jones, James Malin, Joe Moore, Homer
w. Cox, G. E. Hart, D. j. Finley and son
Donald, Walter Brewer, John G. Hill, E.
w. Naylor, Wesley Green and daughter
Mary Ann, Walter Weimer, Misses Sara E
Henzie, Frances ,. Henzie, and Mary
orion. Other guests besides the members
were Mrs. Carrie Goulding and Miss Eu-
eenia McKinnev. Odon; and Joe Moore,
Anderson.
Mrs. Bess B. Tilton was elected a
member.