davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-02-23

was the trouble.
How force? Did he physically
force them, or did he speak to them?
And was he trying to argue with the
miners and convince them to or
ganize, and was it your business to
keep them fro morganizingP"
Again the officer registered conz
fusion.
Sera was questioned closely by the
prosecutor on the program of the
Communist Party on whether he be-
lieved in "overthrowing the govern
ment,' etc. The role OF the Com
munist Party was brought out very
forcefully.
Every objective of the defense was
overruled by McConnelly and the
prosecution sustained in everything
save the question of Muselin and
lima. The prosecutor had opened
the door himself to this by asking
Superintendent Brown of the Blaw-
nox workhouse whether Muselin and
lima we're in jail at the time of the
demonstration. when Bell continued
to ask what they we're there for, etc,
strong objection was made, but after
a sharp argument, the defense was
sustained, Bell cleverly took advan-
tage of ever illegal technicality
throughout the trial.
In examining himself, Bell told in
great detail what the International
Labor Defense stands for, and went
into detail such as prisoners, relief,
etc. He quoted the constitution Of
the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
to the effect that it is the right of
the people to sler or abolish and
institute new government when they
disapprove of the present govern
ment.
He quoted Woodrow Wilson, read
ing, I'VE have forgotten the very
principles of our origin, if we have
forgotten how to object, how to resist,
how to agitate, how pull OWN and
| Dullo up even TO trle extent OF re-
evolutionary practices"
Under cross examination, when he
was asked whether he was in favor
of establishing a government like
that in the Soviet Union, he pointed
out that here was no unemployment
in the Soviet Union, or starvation in
this country governed by the workers
and peasants.
Bell took most Of the wind out of
prosecuting attorneys speech in tell
ing the jury. what the prosecutor
would say about the Communists. >
In fact Jackson, who never before
took less than As minutes to sum
marize, spoke about ten minutes
What will become of the women?'
jackson dramatically pleaded.
But McConnellys' charge was ex-
tremely vicious. He practically told
the jury that they had to convict
The circumstanial evidence was
enough to convict, he stated. Whether
here was an actual riot or not didn't
matter. The case went to the Jury
onigh and verdic will be presented
tomorrow morning at a. m. THE
! jury brought in an acquittal-Ed.)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-02-23
JAPANESE, THWARTED AT
SHANGHAI, WREAk FURY
ON CHINESE MASSES
CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE,

CONTINUED FROM PAGE oNEl
troying Chinese homes Where In
cendiary bombs dropped by the jap
anese airplanes failed to spread suf-
ficiently destruction, the houses were
put to the torch by Japanese sold
iers. Unnumbered Chinese workers
were brutally shot down while at
tempting to flee from their burning
huts. Japanese airplanes, swooping
low, raked huge crowds of Chinese
refugees with machine gun bullets
The dispatch further states:
"The road TO the front was
crowded with refugees. They scar
ccIy seemed human as they hob
bled along in rags. Many were
barefooted. They carried bundles
and babies strapped on their backs.
Many women limped through the
mud, carrying staggering loads --
all their possessions. They had
not the slightest idea Of their des-
tination, except to get away from
shot and she'll"
1t was against refugee crowds like
these, composed mostly of women
and their babies and children, that
the Japanese vented their fury for
the blocking of their offensive by
the heroic resistance Of the workers
of Shanghai and the soldiers who are
fighting in defiance of the orders Of
the traitorous Kuomintang leaders.
Marking Government Train Machine
Guns on Refugees
Twenty-Five thousand Of such re-
fugees, homeless, penniless, and
starving, arrived in Marking yester-
day. A Marking dispatch says they
presented a picture Of mass misery
at the Sanpaslou refugee camp near
here today which was without para
lel in the present Chino-Japanese
conflict"
The refugee camp Is closely guard
ed by the Marking militarists who
have trained machine guns on the
camp with orders to their soldiers
to shoot down the refugees at the
slightest sign of revolt against the
miserable conditions and the traitor
GUS Marking government which, with
its irnperialist masters, is directly
responsible for these conditions.
Late afternoon papers yesterday
reported that the Japanese forces
at Shanghai had been thrown back
by the Chinese defenders. The
Japanese forces are said 10 have
bean pushed back On the entire
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-02-23

production must have tremendous
large active organized for collective
leadership.
The Essential Difference
Organization inside big plants can
only be done by developing the
workers that work there into rank
and file organizers. This essential
difference between old organizing
tactis emanating from class cola
boration days and red trade union
organization is not understood. The
result is we also have "offices." Very
often we have said to our red OPP
position; independent leadership OF
economic struggles" but the tactics
to achieve 1t, the organization meth
DDS with which to carry 1t through
have by no means been made clear
as yet, we have by far not as yet
convinced our own red opposition
that the new opposition tactics are
necessary or feasible.
More Political Discussion
We often said that strikes are
feasible and can be won In times OF
crisis. Generally our active members
will say yes, we illustrate it by ex-
ample, actually when it comes TO
their "own" industry or shop they
will often answer no. II not verbally
then actually, by their behaviour in
practice. 1t is but seldom that the
maneuvers OF the American Fedora
ton of Labor or the socialist party
are a subject OF discussion In our
unions. A denunciatory article some
times analytical Is as much as we
take notice of them. The result is a
low political level In our every day
activity.
Planning 10 Reach $4,000
In order to get the trade unions
and leagues to reach out more ef-
fectively towards the solution of the
tasks enumerated, we propose a
planned Improve the organization
and recruiting campaign" Each
union and league TO set itself objec-
tives according to Its own possibilities
and problems. The sum total Of this
drive to result In improving our or
ganization generally and bringing the
membership Of the T. q. q. L. in this
district up to $4,000 members by the
end Of May.
The plans for this drive will be
submitted separately. ;r---y..
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-02-23
ECONOMY" DRIVE
HITS U.S.. P S 7
OFFICE WORKERS
Substitute Clerks Fired
By Thousands Thru
out teh u. S. A.
INV a Worker Correspondent

CHICAGO, Ill.-President HooVer's
so-called economy drive has invaded
the post office also. AS result, hun
dreds Of substitutes have been laid off
And the rumor has that all the sub
stitute clerks will be laid off eyentu-
ally.
Those substitutes who are FORUM
ate" and happen to be working, are
making two or three dollars week
They are supposed to feed their fam
lilies with these miserebly low wares
The purpose is to curtail the ex-
penses, but the post office dept. puts
the role blams on the decrease OF
volume of mail. While it is true that
the mail has been decreased consid-
erably, particularly since January LIST
but on the other hand the speeding
system has been intensified to an I'M
precedented degree. The post office
is swarmed with so-called efficiency
experts, whose purpose is to stano
like watch dogs and speed up the
workers as much as possible.
AS everybody knows, three bills
we're recently introduced in Congress
proposing wage cuts. The advocates
of wage-cuts have such supporters as
the fake progressive Senator Borah.
And what arc the officials Of the
National Union of Postal Clerks do
ing in order to resist the proposed
wage cuts? Nothingl The unior
takers are not even making any ges-
lures as their colleagues in the A. F
of L. do occasionally. Insteda of fight
ing against the "stagger" system and
wholesale dismissal of the substitute
they being praising, in flowerq Ian
guage,, the loyalty and the so-calleo
patriotism of the sub-clerks. And as
against the coming wage cuts, they
express their indignation and wrath
with such sharp and threatening
phrases as "it is unjust" I'VE will be
hurt" etc.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-02-23

CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONEB
ment Is engaged in desperate at
tempt to push the world working
class into another blood bath in the
effort to find a way out Of the crisis
now engulfing world capitalism, a
way out ct the expense Of the life
blood Of the toiling masses, at the
expense of flourishing Socialism in
the Soviet Union, where unemploy-
ment has been abolished and the
conditions Of the toiling masses are
being constantly improved precisely
al the time when tens of millions Of
workers in the capitalist countries are
thrown on the streets to starve.
The British imperialists are ike
wise rushing fCi ward with their prep
orstions for war. More British war
ships are speeding to Shanghai. The
British are sending huge supplies Of
arms and munitions to Shanghai.
The British War and Admiralty Of
fees are being kept open night and
day for tee first time since the last
World War. The British Cabinet has
appointed an Emergency Shanghai
committee to keep in touch with de-
veIopments in Shanghai.
The United States and British
forces in Shanghai are feverishly
strengthening the defenses Of the IN
ternational Settlement against the
revolutionary masses Of Shanghai
who are carrying on a heroic resis-
lance gaainst the robber war to iii
vide up and loot China. The United
States has removed most Of its ma
tionals from the Yangtze cities in
preparation for a joint imperialist
attack against the Chinese Revolu-
ton and its Red Army, against the
powerful Chinese Soviet Republic, the
only force capable of liberating China
from the enslavement of the imper-
ialists and their Kuomintang running
dogs,
Against whom are these tremen-
dous war preparations aimed? Not
against the Japanese, except as re-
mote eyentuality. A dispatch from
Geneva shows clearly that the i'm
perialists are frantically striving TO
submerge their ever sharpening an
tagonisms over the division Of the
spoils in China, and are desperately
seeking a formula for the partition
Of China satisfactory to all the I'M
perialist brigands, in order TO main
tain the imperialist front against
Soviet China and the Soviet Union.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-02-23

front from Chapel to Woosung.
The Chinese carried out a STRAIT
egic retreat from the town OF
Kiangwan, drawing the pursuing
Japanese Army into a trap. The
dispatch states:
"When the Japanese concen-
trated on the Chinese right flank,
the left and center swung around
to surround the enemy on three
sides, leaving only a narrow line
Of retreat through which the Jap
anese fell back, covering their
withdrawal with rifle and mach
Inc gun fire"
The Chinese forces pressed their
advantage closely, the dispatch
states, adding:
$50 bitter was the Chinese re-
sistance at KiangwaD that the jap
anese were obliged to draw rein
forcements from the Hongkew Sec
tor"
A Chinese trench mortar scored
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-02-23

their working activity. He
fought his own case in court. This is
the first important case where a
working-class fighter has conducted
his own defense and the manner in
which Bell handled this is a vital
lesson in workers sef-defense. We
therefore publish the following de-
layed report Of the trial.
PITTSBURGH, Pa, Feb. Is. (By
MaiD With hundreds of workers
croWding the Court Building barred
from entering, Fred Bell, district or
ganizer of the International Labor
Defense gave a maSterful defense
against the melting 70 riot charges
against him. Large groups Of miners
came into Pittsburgh to attend the
trial. Judge McConnelly Of Beaver
County, vicious red-baiter who sent
MuSelin, lima and Ressetar to long
prisonterms, was brought in as a
visiting judge to try the case.
Ressetar, it will be remembered,
died in prison after McConnelly re-
fused to allow him to be transferred
to private hospital where he would
have had a fighting chance for life.
Muselin and lima were recently par
doned.
Interest in Bells defense of his
case is widespread. Local papers
carry streamers on the front page
in big black type. kilograms from
working -clasg organizations poured
into court exerting tremendous
pressure. Only newspapermen and
lawyers we're admitted and burly de-
tectives guarded every door. Attor-
ney SeligSon, 1. L. D. lawyer was not
admitted at first but after a big fight
he got through.
Assistant District Attorney Jackson
introduced four witnesses, all detec-
tives. Under Bells grilling they con.
tradicted one another on poin taftei
point: on what he said in his speech
on whether he resisted arrest, or
"inciting to riot" etc. The prosecu.
tons position was contradictory ant
unconvincing.
John Cera, secretary of the Unem-
ployed Councils of New Kensingtor
was the first defense witness. Tht
prosecuting attorney asked one d
the detectives whether he knew Sera
whether he had had any trouble
with him, and whether he had seer
the worker at the demonstration be-
fore the Blawnox penitentiary.
Yes. Sera had caused lots o.
trouble. No, he was sure that Sers
was not at the demonstration.
Under Bells questioning, the Of
ficer stated that he had counted 49,
at the demonstration during thu
hectic fray.
In counting the people there
we're you looking especially for Sera'
Did you expect him to come here tx
testify in this case?"
The officer registered confusion
What kind Of trouble did Sers
cause?" Bell pursued. did he muir.
der anybody or steal, or bomb?"
No, the officer said, hetried X
force the miners out of the unior
they were in, into another one. That
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-02-23

Union for some time in July. Tom
Mooney is honorary chairman OF the
AntiOlympic Campaign. The occa-
sion also being the fifteenth year Of
sentencing to the electric chair Of
Tom Mooney on Feb. Oath.
MILWAUKEE, Wis.--More workers
organization her care lining up in
the campaign to free Mooney, Bill
lings and all class war prisoners now
in jail.
Nine women's and mems singing
societies sent resolutions to Governor
James J. Rolph, Sacramento, Call
fornia demanding the immediate and
unconditional release of Mooney and
Billings. They attacked the fiendish
plot to keep them from the ranks Of
the working-class by il-treating them
in such way as TO cause their
death.
Among the singing societies sending
resolutions are the following: Schwa-
ben Damenchor Northwest Side Fret
heit Damechor, Socialist Maenner-
Choir, Milwaukee Liedertafel. the So
cialist Leidertafcl, Aester- Hungarian
GesegverieD, Rheinlander verein and
Gesavgvien Bavaria and Nature
Friends.
A number OF these organisations
also passed resolutions demanding the
freedom Of the nine So0tebcrc boyS,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-02-23

interfered with.
All section mass meetings scheduled
for yesterday were postponed on ac-
count of heavy rain. A National
Miners Union local was formed in
Valley Greek Mine near Pruden with
go men. An effort will be made to-
morrow to pull this mine out on
strike.
The coal operators sent doctor
to the Middlesboro Workers Interna-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-02-23

tionaI Relief station to condemn the
clothing sent in as germ ridden"
but he was forced 10 declare them
sanitary. The doctor said he ordni~
arily did not work for the operators
but was drafted because ell the COM
pany doctors were working overtime
handling starvation cases among tSs
Straight Greek miners. aa
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-02-23
Bells Self Defense Plus the
Mass Protest Won Freedom

PITTSBURGH, Paired Bell, International Labor De
organizer acquitted Friday Feb 20 of the charge
of melting to riot He arrested Nov 18th, for adj
dressing demonstration front of the Bawnox Work House
demanding the release of the workers imprisoned there for
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-02-23
U.S.. WAR DEPARTMENT n k'
ORDERS RUSH PRINTING OF
DRAFT BLANKS IN WAR MOVE

CONTINUED FROM PAGE oNEI
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-02-23
CONTINUED FRoa PAGE ONE,


even though he died in 1e24-because
they have never been able to find an
other leader. They said that heaven
is Russia and he'll is right here in
the U S. They are collecting one
million dollars a day for the miners
and don't give the miners any of it.
They say they are going to overthrow
the government in less than eight
months. They kept me under guard
and the only thing that prevented
me and my wife from getting killed
was an old pistol that I carried and
that 1 had to flash in their faces all
the time. I was always under a guard
of from eight to ten and never could
go out by myself. They gave me IA
cents a day and said I had to live
on that. They said the reason they
weren't very strong yet was that they
first had to throw every c. D.
church in the U. S. in the lake and
they we're going to do that pretty
soon. They said that they we're or
ganizing things over here like they
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-02-23

KNOXVILLE Tenn, Feb. 22-Under the pressure Of tht
terrific terrorism of the coal operators coupled with staa
on miners have gone back work within the last few
days AS result in sections union activities have beer
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-02-23
KNOXVILLE COPS BREAK III
NfO OFFICE OF WORKERS
! INTERNATIONAL RELIEF

are in Russia where if you mention
the name of Jesus Christ you get
killed in a minute. They said they
ought to come down here and bring
those prisoners out Of Jail"
This half insane outburst is char
scteristic Of the attacks that are dis
seminated every day against the
union and the Communist Party. Tbs
last sentence, however, strikes a new
note, one that indicates gun thugs
are offering reasons in advance for
raid on the jail and the numbering
of the comrades there. :..
DULUTH, Minn.-The Commu-
mist Party, Young Communist
League and Trade Union Unity
League have arranged mass protest
mass meetings against the murder
Of Harry Sinms by the Kentucky
coal operators thugs. The meeting
in Superior will be held Monday,
Feb. end, at the Tower Hall and
in Duluth Tuesday, FEB. 2Srd, At the
CameIs Hall. .s.,a.,,....,A
The Daily Alaska empire., 1932-04-02

Bass production of the bureau of industries has increased in a decade from 100000 in 1921 to more than 4,250000 in 1881.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1932-04-02

Joseph B. Elliott. for Is years a comedian on the stage, now has a guns1nith and locksrnith's shop in Indianapolis, Ind.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1932-04-02

Frances harvest of roses for the essential oil industry is esti- mated at 1,760 short tons for 1881.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1932-04-02
To the Voters of Juneau---

VOTE FOR ORDINANCE NO. 2O7, WHICH IS A FRANCHISE PERMITTING THE USE OF THE STREETS AND ALLEYS FOR THE LAYING OF STEAM MAINS FROM A CENTRAL HEATING PLANT TO THE VARIOUS PROPERTIES IN THE DOWNTOWN SECTION
 By supporting this measure which has been passed by the CITY COUNCIL, you are granting franchise to H. J. Eberhart and J. A. Bulger who are incor- porating same into business organization composed of local business
 The object in securing this franchise IS to struct Central Heating System to provide ample heat and hot water to the various buildings in the adjacent to the downtown business section.
 This system will be public utility, the nstalla- tion of and construction to be governed by the existing ordinances of the City and the to be charged to the consumers will be regulated by the CITY COUNCIL.
 NOT AN EXPERIMENT
 Central Heating System is not a experiment but is being successfully operated in Fairbanks and in Nome Alaska, and in practically every city throughout the United States.
 The construction and the operation of the plant will give much needed employment to our local men,
 TO GRADUALLY EXPAND
 The system will gradually expand to larger area and will take in many of homes and will make Juneau a safer and better city. It will mean new payroll and added of revenue in taxes, to city treasury.
 LOCAL OWNERSHIP
 We purpose financing by local capital which will yield good dividends to the local investors. \ The various business have promised their patronage and cooperation and heartily Ill favor of the proposed system.
 The existing fire hazards in the down-town dis trict will be almost entirely eliminated
 The existing water system will in way be depleted.
 The FRANCHISE has been so drafted by the City Council, that the rights of the citizens have been fully protected. By launching such an enterprise we acting in public-spirited way and keeping in step with progress. ~ THE GRANTING OF THIS FRANCHISE WILL BURDEN NO ONE AND WILL BE A DECIDED BENEFIT TO ALL. s J Heating System Is q Public ImI
 and Self Sustaining ILL NOT INCREASE YOUR ] 'te Y j
The Daily Alaska empire., 1932-04-02

MRS. ROSS IMPROVING
 Mrs. Daniel Ross. who has been confined to her bed with a severe cold for the past week, is slowly improving and expected to be up and around very shortly.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1932-04-02
GOOD SHOWING MADE BY CITY
 IN PAST YEAR
Despite Reduced Revenues, City Council Sh hows
 Material Savings Made
Revenues Cut s1O,ooo

Continued rom Page one)
The Daily Alaska empire., 1932-04-02

Daily Empire Want Ads Pay
The Daily Alaska empire., 1932-04-02

hfVtHutc Ont pAOgVuO
 Revenues accruing to the city during the year were approod- mately $1o,000 less than the year previous. Only $8000 in sewer bonds were sold as compared to 1880. Borrowings from banks ag- megated only $38,500 as against $50,1O0. Demand notes in the sum of $4,000 were redeemed. And there is now outstanding in unpaid tax es the sum of $6,000 as compared to $4,000 on April l, 1881.
 The towns operating expenses were cut from $106.85629 in 1881 to $95, ,635.33 last year. For im- provements and equipment, expen- ditures last year aggregated S24,- O38.2O as compared to $32, .92. Bank loans paid during the year totaled $43,500
 Consolidated Statement
 The auditors consolidated state ment follows:
The Daily Alaska empire., 1932-04-02
Bread Prices Are StiU TOO HIGH!

We cut and and the price of bread in Juneau
 until it reaches legitimate loaf price Furthermore, pledge ourselves make fight for lower prices all commodities that being held up WAR PRICES by combines which are ill restraint of trade.