davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Milford chronicle., 1932-10-14
MILFORD ROTARY MEETING

The regular weekly luncheon
meeting of the Milford Rotary Club
was held last Monday at the Wind
sor Hotel. Charles E. Varney,
chairman of the Vocational Service
Committe, outlined his program for
the succeeding meetings. Three
Dover ROtarians were present, H..
V. Holloway, State Superintendent
of Public Instruction; Earl Sylves-
ter, manager of the Delmarvia Ice
Cream Co. and J. H. Bishop, direc-
tor of Religious Education of the
Wilmington Conference of the Meth
odist Episcopal Church.
Milford chronicle., 1932-10-14
WILDWOOD

Church News
2 p. m. Sunday school. p. m. Raj.
ly Day service. Program as follows
Song by Volunteer Sunday schoo
class. Talk, by Roland Messick Oh
''What Does the Theme THY King
dom Come Mean to the Work of the
Sunday School," Reading, Ruth
Robbins, "Thy Kingdom Come" Du-
ct, Doris Handy and Eleanor Moore.
Talk by Mr.. Gillispie on what Can
the Young People Do to Help Bring
in The Kingdom" Reading, Ann
Keller, on "Thy Kingdom Come.
Talk by Walter Dill on "How and
When Shall Thy Kingdom Some?'
Duet, Doris Handy and Eleanor
Moore. Address by Rev. ]. c. Han
by.
Don't forget the turkey supper at
Millwood, Thursday evening, Octo-
ber 20. The menu will consist of
roast turkey with dressing, creamed
white potatoes, candied sweet pota-
toes, mashed turnips, cranberry
sauce, cold slaw, pickels, hot rolls,
butter and coffee. Ice cream and
cake also. Will start serving at five
o'clock and will be looking for you.
Mrs. Harold B. Short and chill
dren of Georgetown spent Sunday
afternoon with Mr.. and Mrs. Walter
Davis.
Miss Mary Watkins spent the
weekend with Ruth Robbins.
Mr.. and Mrs. ]. S. Willis, Mr.. and
Mrs. P. C. Kirby, Mrs, George Ben
nett were Wilmington visitors ON
Thursday.
Mrs. C. H. Nutter was a Dover
visitor on Saturday.
Milford chronicle., 1932-10-14

Miss Eliza Grant and Henry LOT.
land spent Sunday at Dover.
-
Miss Edith Sterner spent Satur.
day and Sunday with relatives in
Philadelphia.
Mrs. Harry Grier is in Atlantic
City, the guest Of Mr.. and Mrs. Ed
ward Donnally.
Mrs. Harry Darby and daughter.
Mrs. Mike Donovan, spent Wednes-
day shopping in Wilmington.
-
Mrs. John G. Sharp has recently
returned home from an extensive
trip through the New England
States.
Miss Elsa Peterson of Philadel-
phia, arrived on Tuesday to be the
guest of Mr.. and Mrs. C. D. Ho1z-
mueller at their cottage at Slaugh-
ter Beach.
Mrs. NAPLES Jester, Miss Mary
Watkins and Miss Helen Watson
spent Saturday with Mrs. TESTERS
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Emil w.
Rieck, at Preston, Md.
-
Ralph Reed, student of Coombs
School of Music in Philadelphia, and
Robert Reed, freshman at the Uni
versity of Maryland, were week end
guests of their parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. G.. T. Reed.
Mr.. and Mrs. Davis R. Grier and
Mrs. Clyde Nelson are leaving by
motor tomorrow for Columbus, o.
The Griers will remain for a ten
day visit with Mrs. Grier's parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. Edward A. Shattuck,
while Mrs. Nelson will continue by
train to Lincoln, Nebraska, where
she will visit friends and relatives.
Milford chronicle., 1932-10-14
MANY SCHOOL CHILDREN
HAVING TEETH CLEANED

Two nurses from the Delaware
State Board of Health are now busy
in the elementary schools of Mil
ford cleaning the teeth of every
child in the first three grades. Last
Monday the two nurses, Miss Mil
dred Hargadine and Miss a. May
Johnson, completed an examination
of the mouths of every pupil in the
schools. More than 1900, and ON
Tuesday they started the work OF
cleaning the teeth of the 312 chill
dren in the first three grades.
Milford chronicle., 1932-10-14

T. e
MM hl Never before, could
one sit comfortably
at home and learn so
- much. With each
turn of the radio dial. one, lis
tening intently, may have a new
lesson in good citizenship, So
cial economics, and a new way
of being satirically polite with
out calling names. Seriously,
though, no one need be in the
dark, for very long, as to the
issues that make up the plat
form of the Republican or the
Democratic parties. With a
common school education, ap-
piled to the reading of the daily
newspapers and listening to the
radio. a working knowledge of
a political, civil and social life
is yours without the asking,
and it is possible for one to de
eide the best way to cast ones
ballot next month to be lpolt-
ically a good American citizen.
Miss Rosamond Pinchot, a non
partisan speaker, on Tuesday,
over the radio said, that because
of the softer and more eharit-
able nature of women, this cleo
tion, more than at any other,
it was necessary for. them to
express their choice at the polls,
She, of course, spoke with ref
erence to the thousands Of wo-
men and children, who have
been made to suffer because of
the economic conditions, and
that their betterment should be
uppermost in the minds otethe
woman voter next month. What
do you think?
Milford chronicle., 1932-10-14
SUNSHINE CLASS NEWS

The annual Halloween party of
the Sunshine class of the M. P.
Church which was to be Wednesday
evening, October II, has been post
poned until Tuesday, October 1S, at
8 o'clock. All members be present
and bring your husbands.
This is one time we all have a
good time, so he sure and so mask
ed. There will be plenty of eats and
good laugh for everyone.
Milford chronicle., 1932-10-14
DEMOCRATIC RALLY

There will be Democratic rally
Friday evening, October 14th, al
Milisboro. The speakers will be
,Landreth L. Layton and William
Dickson, and also the county can
'didates will be present. Everybody
is invited to be present.
Milford chronicle., 1932-10-14
OBITUA ARIES S
SIMPSON

SIMPSON
Mrs. Mary p Simpson, aged IS
years, wife of Elias Simpson, died
Monday, October 8, 1882, of heart
trouble at her home north of Mil
ford, and was buried in Odd Fellows
cemetery, Milford, on Thursday.
Revs. Herson of Milford and Handy
of Houston in charge. She was
daughter of the late John and Eliz-
abeth Truitt Webb. Mr.. and Mrs.
Simpson spent nearly Sc years of
welded life together. The deceased
is survived by her husband and sew
en- children: Mrs. Whitley Short,
Mrs. John Nailor and Carl Simpson
of Milford; Ernest w. Simpson, of
Houston; Walter E., and William ].
Simpson, of Harrington, and Mil
dred Simpson, residing with her
parents; two sisters, Mrs. George
Buell. of Greenwood and Mrs. Walter
Jester of Milford; three brothers,
DR.. William Webb of Chicago; Wes-
ley Webb of Marydel and Harry
Webb of Glendale; fifteen grand
children and two great grandchil-
dren.
Milford chronicle., 1932-10-14
LETTER FROM OHIO
Former DelaWarean Writes Inter.
setting Letter.

((The following letter from VIM.
B. Simpler, formerly a resident of
Sussex County, Delaware, now re-
siding in Columbus, Ohio, shows. a
loyal son of his native state.-Edi-
tori ..-
Milford chronicle., 1932-10-14

Mr.. and Mrs. Stephen Toad
vine had an informal gathering
at their home on Lake avenue
on Monday evening to meet their
house guests, Mr., and Mrs.
Henry A. Houston, and Mr.. and
Mrs. Henry Purdy, of Pontiac,
Mich. Other out of town guests
were Mrs. E. M. Norris, of Con-
da, Idaho, and DR.. and Mrs.
Joseph NAPLES, of Georgetown.
Milford chronicle., 1932-10-14

Because of the absence of sew
eral of its members, the We'd
nesday Evening Bridge Club
did not meet this week
Milford chronicle., 1932-10-14

Miss Ann Grier will give
supper tomorrow evening to
some out of town guests, who
will be here for the Layton
Varney wedding.
Milford chronicle., 1932-10-14
CHORMANN

Mrs. Emma P. Wolfe Chormann,
formerly of Lewes, widow of the
late Philip Chormann, died at her
home in Philadelphia. Saturday,
October 8, 1882. Funeral services
were held in the Presbyterian
Church at Coolspring On Tuesday
and interment made in that celne-
terry. John and Charles Wolfe of
Philadelphia are her half-brothers.
Milford chronicle., 1932-10-14

The social event of the week
will be the wedding tomorrow
of Miss Elizabeth Draper Var
ney, oldest daughter of Mr.. and
Mrs. Charles Varney, to Edwin
Law Layton, of Bridgeville. 1t
will take place in the Avenue
Methodist Episcopal Church at
4 o'clock, with DR.. Frank Her.
son performing the ceremony.
A reception for the invited
guests will be given Immediate
ly after the ceremony at the
home of Miss Varney's grand
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. George
H. Draper.
Milford chronicle., 1932-10-14

The 1920 Bridge Club was
the guest of Mrs. Robert Hall
on Monday evening. They, too,
will meet weekly after a long
vacation from cards.
Milford chronicle., 1932-10-14
~ S@01SSSSSSNSSSS
Edited BY VIRGINIA S. TOWNSEND

HESE are the .days!!l
Never before, could
one SIT comfortably
at home and learn so
much. With ca c h
Milford chronicle., 1932-10-14
Column of Social Events
Occurring During THE
Past Week.

The Mems Monday Night
Bridge Club resumed their meet
ings this week after the sum-
mer holiday and were the
guests of C. D. Abbott.
Evening star., 1932-02-07
Startling Prize Sumter
Scientists Unable to Explain Why Immense Flocks
Garry on Aerial Maneuyers Before Roosting for
Night; Flock Instinct Held Possible Cause.

days Q605-16S2) to our own, and @ ex-
ist in many places throughout 'iie
kingdom"
FIocks Increase Tenfold.
Yarrell speaks of starlings Whlch
roasted in the Geological Garden, Dup-
lin, Ireland. When the birds first were
noticed, their number was estimated
at from $4,000 to 10000, but Wlthln
three years it was observed that tney
had increased approximately ten1olo.
Crowds gathered to watch them ny. !.
But perhaps the best description OF
the starling's aerial peregrinauons Is
that of Edward Stanley, Bishop OF Nor
Wich G779-1849) His Familiar HIS
tory of Birds" (l835) contains the Iol-
lowing passage: Not far from the
church we have mentioned there Is
considerable sheet of water, occupying
nearly 80 acres, flanked and feathered
on the eastern side by the old beech
wood already spoken of as the abiding
place of the jackdaWs. It's western mar
gin is bounded by an artificial DAM,
which, as the water Is upon much
higher level, commands an extensive
view over a fiat rich country, the horl-
zon terminated by the faint outline OF
the first range of Welsh mountains.
This dam, on the finer evening OF NO
vember, was once the favorlte resort OF
many persons, who found an addltlonal
attraction in watching the gradual as
semblage of starlings. About an hour
before sunset, little flocks, by tWentles
or fifties, kept gradually dropping in,
their numbers increasing as daylight
Waned, till one vast flight was formed,
amounting to thousands, and at times,
we might almost say, to millions Noth-
ing could be more interesting or beautl-
full than to witness their graceful evolu-
tions. At first they might be seen ad-
vancing high in the air, like dark
cloud, which in an instant, as If by
magic, became almost invisible, the
whole body, by some mysterious watch
word or signal, changing their course,
and presenting their wings to view edge
ways, instead Of exposing, as before,
their full expanded spread Again, in
another moment, the cloud might be
seen descending in graceful sweep, SO
as almost to brush the earth as they
glanced along. Then once more they
were seen spring in wide circles on
high, till at length, with one simul-
taneOuS rush, down they glide With
roaring noise of wing till the vast mass
buries itself unseen, but not unheard,
amidst bed of reeds projecting from
the bank adjacent to the wood; for
no sooner were they perChed than every
throat seemed to open itself, forming
one inceSSant confusion of tongues. If
nothing disturbed them, there they
would most likely remain; but if a
stone were thrown. a shout raised. or
more especially if a gun were fired up
again would rise the mass, with on un-
broken rushing sound, as if TIE whole
body were possessed of but one wing to
bear them on their upward flight"
Evening star., 1932-02-07
YOUNGSTOWN STEEL
FIRM HEAD RETIRES
J. A. Campbell, Sheet and Tube
Founder, Is Succeeded by
H. G.. Dalton.

BY the Associated Press.
YOUNGSTOWN, Ohio February g.
James A. Campbell, white haired vet
eran of many Y battle in the steel in
dustry, steppa1 down today from
Craftsmanship Of the Youngstown Sheet
g. Tube Co. and was succeeded by
Henry G. Dalton, senior partner of
Pickands, Mather & Co, Cleveland.
Campbell's retirement removed the
guiding genius who directed Sheet and
Tubes climb to third place among the
Nations steel corporations.
Dalton, as partner in Pickands,
Mather, and president Of the Interlake
Steamship Co., long has been dominant
in the Great Lakes industrial empire of
ships, ore and pig iron. He stood back
of Campbell in advocating the now
abandoned billion-dollar merger of
Sheet and Tube with the Bethlehem
Steel Corporation.
There will be no change in policies,
Dalton said. Recently Dalton resigned
as a director of Bethlehem.
The condition of Campbell's health
was given as the reason for his re-
tirement. He is II. Directors made
Campbell chairman emeritus.
Both Campbell and Dalton made
their way up from the bottom. Camp
bell in 1901 organized the company
now known as Sheet and Tube, with a
capital of S1,600,000. From 1906 to
1880, while he was president, the COM
pany never missed a dividend and be-
came a $500 100000 concern.
Dalton started out at 16 as a worker
on Cleveland docks and five years later
won himself a place with Pickands,
Mather From then on, he worked his
way quietly, but steadily, to the top.
Evening star., 1932-02-07
ECONOMICS TOPIC
FOR EDUCATORS
Relations to Home Will Be
Discussed at TWo-Day
Session in Capital.

The present economic situation with
relation to education, particularly in
the field OF rome economics, will be the
main topic at the annual meeting of the
department of supervisors and teachers
of home economics of the National Edu-
cation Association here concurrent with
the department of superintendent con-
vention February 20 to 25.
Nutrition courses in the public schools
also will be prominently discussed at the
tWo-day session, which will be held at
service hall, in the District Red Cross
Chapter Building on February % and
23
Among prominent educators who will
discuss the economic phases of educa-
ton will be DR.: BENJAMIN. R. Andrews,
professor of household economics; DR..
John Dewey, professor of philosophy
and DR.. Harold F. Clark, professor of
education, all Of Teachers College, Co.
lumbia University; DR.. Lewis L. Lorwin,
Brookings Institute, and DR.. William F.
Notz, dean Of the Georgetown Univer-
sity School Of Foreign Service.
Nutrition will be treated by the fol-
lowing speakers: Dr. Mary SWartz Rose
and Dr. Henry Clapp Sherman, Co.
lumbia University; DR.. Lydia j. Roberts,
home economist, University of Chicago;
Miss Carlotta Greer, head of the de-
partment of home economics, John Hay
High School, Cleveland; Miss M. Lucille
Dawson, head of the bureau of home
economics department, Garfield High
School, Akron, Ohio; DR.. Hazel K.
Stiebeling, bureau of home economics,
Department of Agriculture; DR.. Ella Op-
penheimer, children's bureau, Depart
ment of Labor, and Miss Miriam Birds
eye, Department of Agriculture.
The convention program will be in
charge of Miss Helen c. Goodspeed as
siSetant director of home economies,
Philadelphia public schools, and presi-
dent of the department of supervisors
and teachers of home economics,
National Education Association.
Miss Emma Jacobs, director of home
economics in the city public schools, is
chairman Of the Washington committee
in charge of the meeting.
Others on Miss Jacobs committee in
clude Miss Emeline Whitcomb, United
States Office of Education; Miss Esther
H. Jonas, Eastern High School; Mrs
Ola D. Rush, Central High School; Miss
Gertrude Cook, Dennison Girls Voca-
tional School, and Miss Alice Cushman,
Van Buren School.
Evening star., 1932-02-07
ROOSEVELT SAILS
FOR PHILIPPINES
New Governor General, Who Will
Stop in Shanghai for Day, Is
Silent on Far Eastern Tangle.
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
SEATTLE, Wash, February 6.-COl.
Theodore Roosevelt, new Governor
General of the Philippine Islands,
sailed today for Manila with his wife,
daughter and official family aboard the
American mail liner President Taft.
During his three-hOur stay in Sc
attic Col Roosevelt met and shook
hands with between 500 and 1000
persons.
He arrived to the accompaniment
of newSboys crying extras about the
fighting in Shanghai, near neighbor
to the islands.
The Governor Generals party will
have a day stOp-over in Shanghai.
Besieged by newspaper men, the
colonel reiterated:
Il can't say anything. You know I
can't say anything"
Asked What is your theory Of CO.
lonial governments" he replied:
Il could write a book about that"
He said he was happy to have the
opportunity to go the Philippines.
He was scheduled fer 15-minute
radio talk and public reception iat
the olympic Hotel. He pleaded for a
minimum of ceremony, explaining Mrs
Roosevelt was very tired" from the
triD across the continent.
Miss Grace Roosevelt, their eldest
daughter. Miss M'rv Weldon, a friend
OF the latter; Lieut.. Col. Carey I. Crock
ct. RCoSevelt'S aide. and two secre-
ta-ies are other members Of the party.
Evening star., 1932-02-07
SURPLUS u. S. WHEAT GAIN
lis IS MILLION BUSHELS
3o4 100000 Estimated as Avail
able for Export; 74,OoO,OOO
Shipped Out in Six Months.

By the Associated Press.
American wheat bins are overf1oWing
with 3O4O00,OOO bushels available for
export, about 100000 bushels more
than last year.
The Agriculture Department yester-
day made this estimate, at the same
time placing the surplus available for
export and carryover at 429,000,0 900
against 355,0OO,0O0 at this time last
year
Included in the O4,OOOOOO figure are
approximately 18O.O00000 bushels of
Farm Board controlled wheat. The
board has agreed to limit its sales to
100000 monthly or 30,000,000 for the
period from January to June.
The total amount of wheat available
for export and carryover IN four major
producing countries - United States,
Canada, Argentina and Australia-is
estimated at 970,O0O,000 against 961,-
100000 year ago. Stocks in European
importing countries are small, except in
the United Kingdom.
About 74,O00OO0 bushels were ex-
ported by the United States from July
l to December 81.
Evening star., 1932-02-07
REPUBLICAN CLUB
BANQUETS FRIDAY
Mrs. Gam to Be One of Prin.
cipaI Speakers; Hatfield
Will Be Toastmaster.

Mrs. Edward Everett Gam, sister
and hostess of Vice President Curtis,
will be one of the principal speakers at
the Lincoln day dinner, to be held at
the Willard Hotel next Friday night,
under the auspices of the National
Capital Republican Club.
Mrs. Gam will relate her observa-
tionS and experiences on her recent
speaking tour through the Middle
West. During her trip she addressed
audiences in Chicago. Kansas City,
Omaha, Topeka and Oklahoma City.
Mrs. Gam will be introduced by
Senator Henry D. Hatfield of West
Virginia, who will be toastmaSter. Sen
ator Hatfield also will present Senator
James E. Watson Of Indiana and Dr..
Ray Lyman Wilbur, Secretary of the
Interior
While this dinner is under the au-
spices Of the National Republican Club
it has the hearty Endorsement Of the
Republican National Committee. 1t is
proposed to make it an annual event
here in the future.
Evening star., 1932-02-07
SYNAGOGUE Meeting
TO PLAN OBSERVANCE
Bicentennial and installation to Be
Adas Israel Congregation
Features.

special Bicentennial program anc
the formal installation of newly elected
officers of the Adas Israel Congregation
will be held at the synagogue, Sixth
and I streets, February 81 at o'clock
Representatives from local Jewish or
CARNATIONS will be present at this
meeting. The Sisterhood, Brotherhood
and junior groups of the congregation
will take part in a patriotic program
honoring the Bicentennial. A buffet
supper will be served in the vestry
rooms.
officers of Adas Israel Congregation
elected for 1882 at a recent meeting
will be installed as follows:
Joseph Wilmer, president; Alexander
Koplin, vice president; Joseph Blumen-
thai, treasurer; Abe Shefferman, record
ing secretary; Falk Harmed, financia,
secretary; trustees, Joseph Mazo, j. B
Stein: Solomon Metz, rabbi and Louis
Novick, cantor.
Members of the board elected for the
year 1882 are as follows; Mrs. B. Weiss
Mrs Henry Oxenberg, Mrs. George w
Levy, Mrs. Morris Gewirz, Max Zweig
Morris Within, William Weinberg
Julius Weinberg Harry Viner, Morris
Stein, Charles Stein, Charles Sislen
Herman Schrot, Leo Schlossberg, Man
Rosenthal, Sol Rosenthal, William,
Rosendorf. Edward Rosenblum, Herman
Robin, Louis Rosenberg, Joseph B
Stein, Nathan Plotnick, Charles Pilzer
Alfred PaSternak, Moe Gutenberg, H
Nelson, D. A. Miller, A. Mendelson
Paul Himmelfarb, Samuel Livingston
Paul Harmel, Louis Grossberg, Arthur
Gottlieb Morris Gewirz, Isadore Freund
Leopold V. Freudberg, S. Freedman
DR.. Elias Elvove, Bernard DanzanSky
Oliver Atlas and I. Joseph Mazo.
The committee in charge of the above
arrangements are Edward Rosenblum
chairman Alexander Koplin. Nathan
Plotnick, Abe Shefferman, Joseph VIII
ner and Mrs. Frances Gewirz.
Evening star., 1932-02-07
FIVE BLAST JAIL
OFFICER KILLS ONE
Second Prisoner May Die in Mis-
souri,, But Three Escape After
Explosive Opens Hole in Wall

By the Associated Press.
PENNINGTON, Mo, February G.
One prisoner was shot to death and an
other was seriously wounded tonight
when five inmates Of the county Jail
here attempted to escape after a bottle
of nitroglycerin had been thrown
through window to make an open
ing.
Deputy Sheriff Dewey May, who shot
the two prisoners. said three others
escaped over the jail fence
Woodrow Downs, 10, died few min
utes after he had been shot.
John Vranic. 35, WHO was shot
through the right lung, was taken TO =
hospital at Bonnie Terre, Mo. Vranic
has little chance of recovery, physicians
said
The prisoners who escaped were Joe
Downs, SO. father of WoOdr Jw: Dewey
Underwood, "a, and Robert Burk, %
All five were being held on charges of
first-degree robbery at Flat River.
Evening star., 1932-02-07
Havoc Expected
In New Plague
OF Crasshoppers
BY the Associated Press

ny tne Associated Press.
ST. PAUL, Mimi, February 6,
1t may be a little early to say,
but Prof. A. G. Ruggles thinks
this will be q great year for
graSshoppers.
His prediction, based on the
suppoSition that Spring weather
conditions will be warm and
moist like they were in 1880 and
1881, is that there will be
hundreds of thousands of the
pests for every penny of the ST.
100000 President Hoover has
urged Congress to approve for
determination work in the North
Central and some Western locali-
ties.
Billions of grasshoppers can be
expected to swarm in Minnesota,
Northeastern North Dakota,
South Central South Dakota.
Northeastern Nebraska, Western
Iowa, Eastern Colorado, North
eastern Wyoming and Eastern
Montana if such conditions pre-
vail, Ruggles said.
Then, unless effective meas
ures are taken-the spreading of
poison bran mash for which the
proposed Federal appropriation
would be used-millions of acres
of grain would be destroyed at
great loss to farmers.
Evening star., 1932-02-07
SHIFT IN PRISON
OFFICIALS HINTED
Zerbst Considered to Succeed
White as Warden at Leaven-
worth, Newspaper Reports.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press
LEAVENWORTH, Kans., February 6.
The Leavenworth Times says it has
learned the Department of Justice is
considering reorganization of the Fed
eral Prison here with Fred Zerbst,
warden of the narcotic annex, succeed
ing Warden T, B. White, who would be
transferred elsewhere
Warden White was kidnapped and
wounded by seven convicts who escaped
from the prison last December II.
He applied several months ago for
the position of warden of the new Fed
eral farm for narcotic addicts 70 be
built at Ell Reno, Okla. The Times said
he was being considered for that assign
ment.
Sanford Bates. director Of Federal
prisons, has con0ucted an Investigation
of the prison break. in which three
convicts were killed and the remainder
recaptured. He declined to make a
statement today, but said he expected
to make one tomorrow.