davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1932-02-27
OPEN BEAR RAID"
HEARINGS ASKED
Banking Committee Hears
WaIcott Demand to "Find
the CuIpritS."

BY the Associated Press.
Open hearings by the Senate Bank
ing Committee ito find the culprits'
who are driving down security prices on
the stock exchange were proposed in
statement put before the committee
today from Senator Walcott, Republi-
can, Connecticut, administration spokes-
man.
Walcott, who stated he had a list
of names of the bear raiders" as he
left the White House yesterday, was
unable to attend the Banking Com
mittee meeting today.
Norbeck Reads Statement.
He left this statement, read by
Chairman Norbeck:
Congress has waited patiently for a
year for some action to be taken by
the New York Stock Exchange to curb
excessive short sales made for specu-
lative purposes, but to date no effective
regulations have been adopted, although
the president of the New York Stock
Exchange has been repeatedly urged
to act. .-
"If bear raids occurred to check over
speculation in high market, or to off,
set the pyramiding of stocks, they
would serve some useful purpose, but
the bears walt until the market is de-
pressed by uncertainty and fear and
then as it approaches the bottom they
put on their pressure, through false
rumors and depressing statements.
1t has been urged that Congress should
not interfere with the natural flow of
business on the Stock Exchange to curb
either short or long sales, and Congress
has been patient, but Congress and the
country are tired of seeing every at
tempt to help our financial institutions
correct the economic depression, every
attempt on the part of the administra-
ton to give courage and hope, knocked
in the head by the bear raiders as soon
as the security market has had a few
days in the right direction and these
raids must be stopped; if not by strict
Stock Exchange regulations, then by
congressional action, that the orderly
return to better conditions may be un-
inlpeded by artificial depression ruth
leSsly indulged in by spectators and
gamblers who are willing at this critical
time to take advantage of the general
depression and unemployment to make
matters still worse, and profit by their
iniquitous dealings.
"The first duty of Congress clearly
Continued on Page 2, Column A.
Evening star., 1932-02-27
MINUTE "NEUTRON' DISCOVERED:
RANKS WITHELECTRON AND X-RAY
Particle So Tiny 1t Carries No Electrical Charge-Has
Unknown Powers of Penetration.

sive because they have no electric
charge. The neutron consists of a pro-
ton and an electron bound closely to-
gether. 1t is Speculated the neutron
may be the unit of magnetism, for it
presumably is doublet, as magnets are,
with both north and south pole, the
dispatch continued.
The discovery of Chadwick, assistant
director of radio-activity at the lab
oratory, arose out of Investigations by
Bottle of GieSSen, Millikan, Irene Curie,
daughter of Nine Curie, and her hus-
band NJ. Joliot and Webster, who had
experimental with the properties emit
ted by beryllium when bombarded by
radiations from the radioactive sub
+ stance known as polonium.
Physicists at the Johns Hopkins Uni
versity, when told of the discovery
hailed the achievement as one of the
first Importance.
DR. Joseph S. Ames, president of the
! university, said:
The discovery, if substantiated, is
worth all the importance attributed to
it. Chadwick is a physicist of high re-
pate and Rutherford (Chadwick's su-
perior) would let nothing go out of his
laboratory without its having been
carefully checked and tested"
DR.. Ames was a physicist before as
suming the presidency Of Johns Hop
kins.
Evening star., 1932-02-27
ALFONSO DEMANDS
REVOLT TO CRUSH
SPANISH REPUBLIC
Joins With Uncle, Pretender
to Throne, in Call to
People to Rise.
OFFERS HIS SERVICES
AS LEAST OF CITIZENS
Proposes Provisional Form of Gov
ernment Until Cortes Drafts
Constitution.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
PARIS, February 27-Former King
Alfonso XIII and his uncle. Alfonso
Carlos, traditional pretender to the
Spanish throne, have issued call to
Spanish people, the Havas News Agency
reported from Madrid today to join to-
gether to overthrow the new republic
in Spain.
Former King Alfonso's manifesto, the
Havas correspondent said, declared he
accepted his uncle as head of the fam
lily and that they both hold the same
principle-that every one must unite
Ito save. Spanish society from the wave
of anarchy and Communism which has
invaded it and to gather under the flag,
the sacred flag to which I devoted my
life"
Recalls 1881 Sacrifice.
He proposed to those who remained
faithful to the monarchy to restore it
as a form of provisional government
which would summon cortes to draw
I'D a constitution. The present repuo-
lie. he said. is no more capable of con-
tinuing in existence than was the Snort
lived first republic in the 1870's.
He made a sacrifice, he said, in April,
1881, when he left the throne and ne
added:
Don't doubt that I would submit to
a second ordeal and that I would not
place any obstacle in the way OF the
acceptance of what is the will of the
nation, freely and truly expressed. But
let us unite to save Spain. I, who ap-
peal to you am ready to serve her as
the least Of her citizens"
The manifesto of the Kings uncle,
Alfonso Carlos, was reported to be IN
the same vein. The time has come, 1t
said, to protest against the republic
and "a constitution which may be the
ideal of an atheist republic, born of
violence in a time of misfortune, but
cannot be the fundamental law OF
Spain"
Appeals to All.
The pretender, to whom former King
Alfonso was reported Thursday to have
resigned his immediate rights to--the
throne, declared he does not advocate
an absolute monarchy, but one which
would collaborate with legislative cham
bers which really represent the people
He said he also advocated decentral
ization of the different regions Of Spain
and concluded by declaring his mission
was one of peace.
IT appeal to ALL" the manifesto was
to say. land in the first place
to my dearest nephew, Alfonso de
Bourbon, upon whom all my rights de-
volve at my death. to collaborate in
giving Spain a truly Christian consti-
tuition"
Evening star., 1932-02-27
FORD LAUNCHES $3OO,OOOOOO
INDUSTRIAL REVIVAL PROGRAM
'Risking Everything to Provide Jobs in
Crisis, With Faith in Capacity of
Public to Buy Later, He Says.

making from 5000 to 5000 cars a day"
In the Detroit area alone, he said.
One hundred thousand men will be
employed at the standard minimum
wage Of $6 a day and upward. In addi-
tion. he added, $500 suppliers of parts
and materials throughout the United
States will give employment to 800, 900
more men.
Parts for the new car production
have been pouring into the Ford plants
here from various sources.
In addition to $16,50Q000 worth Of
steel made in his own mills, Ford said
the company would purchase 47,000,-
600 worth Of steel in the open market
and would buy $14o o,0o0, 900 worth Of
bodies to supplement the $50 900, 900
worth to be made in his own plants
Ford incidentally spiked the rumor
that he was planning radical change
in the sales terms
Although admitting that operation of
CONTINUED ON Page 2, Column IL
Evening star., 1932-02-27
CREDIT MEASURE
EFFECTIVE TODAY
President Will Sign Expan-
sion ACt-High Hopes
Held for Bill.
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The Federal Reserve credit expansion
act, designed to place billions IN cash
and credit where they can be used
for resumption of commercial and in
dustrial activity, becomes law today.
OF all the Governments restoratives,
this suddenly announced and quickly
executed legislative confidence builder
has so far been the most successful in
putting a sparkle back in the business
mans eye, even though its work Is yet
to begin.
President Hoover promised, upon COM
pletion of the final congressional
touches yesterday, TO affix his signature
today and tell the country something
about the measure.
Distinctly technical In its operation,
it has the one board objective-as in
terpreted by every one who has had
anything to do with it--of assuring the
banker, the business man, the indus
trialist and the man in the street, that
there is no reachable bottom to that
mainspring of American life, credit.
1t will buttress to point of unques-
toned hquidity the thousands of small
member banks of the Federal Reserve
System, and through this buoyancy Is
expected to lift the strain on, or lack
of confidence in, thousands of other
small banks not in the Reserve fold.
Its enactment completes, practically,
the general reconstruction program of
the administration, 6anking the Re-
construction Finance Corporation S
loans to pinched enterprise, the militant
campaign against boarding, and sew
eral other governmental restoratives
Remains to be written In Congress the
balancing page of the Government s
economic ledger: Stringent economy in
Federal operation and the increased
revenue law. This program is we'll
under way.
Evening star., 1932-02-27
CAPONE CONVICTION
UPHELD BY COURT
Appeals Tribunal Acts While
Gangster Is Closely
Guarded.
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, February 27.-The con-
viction Of "Scarface Al" Capone on
charges of evading income tax laws was
affirmed today by the United States
Circuit Court of Appeals.
In 5000-word opinion the high
court upheld the indictments in which
the gangster was charged with cheating
the Government of some 100000 In
tax, the verdict in which he was con-
victed on to 81 counts and his SEN
tence OF IL years and fine Of $4,000.
Only the intervention of the United
States Supreme Court can prevent
Capones removal to the Federal Peni-
tenttary at LeaVenworth, Kans.
Ever since he was sentenced by Fed
eral Judge James H. Wilkerson, last
october "a, Capone has been in the
Cock County Jail, where he did not
get credit on his penitentiary term.
Only yesterday the United States
marshal placed a special 24-hour guard
at his cell because of many rumors
that he was still controlling his gang
and possibly planning a break If his
appeal were denied.
The appeal was based almost entirely
on the alleged insufficiency of the in
OICtIHeHI CdpOneS S attorneys argued
the indictments were so vague Capone
could have been tried any number OF
times on them and that, because OF
their general nature, it was impossible
to present proper defense.
Capone'S stay at the county jail was
practically at his own choosing. Judge
WilkerSon ordered him into custody
Immediately after giving him the
largest sentence ever levied in an in
come tax case. Judge Wilkerson re-
fused to grant the gangster bail and
the Circuit Court of Appeals also re-
fused bail. The higher court, however,
granted Capone writ of supersedeas,
allowing him to remain in the county
Jail pending his appeal. 1t was made
clear that If Capone changed his mind
and elected to begin getting credit for
the time served by going to Leaven-
worth, he could do so.
Evening star., 1932-02-27

BY the Associated Press.
DETROIT, February 27-Declaring
he was prepared to risk everything
we've got" In an effort to start an in
dustrial revival, Henry Ford announced
today that he has provided himself
with stocks Of materials anticipating
a possible production program of l.
100000 cars year.
He estimated his program will call
for the expenditure this year of $780,
1000 in Detroit and Michigan alone
for raw and fabricated materials.
freight and shipping costs and labor.
Purchases Of raw materials and manu-
factured parts throughout the United
States he said would aggregate $52,-
600 900 q month.
Before very long we expect TO be
Evening star., 1932-02-27
BANDIT SHOT DEAD
IN EXCLUSIVE CLUB
Three Companions and Two EN-.
ployes Wounded in Miami
Gun Battle.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
MIAMI, Fla, February 27.-A bandit
leader with a wooden arm, identified
as A. Y. Marlborough, was killed, and
T. Philip Perkins, former British
amateur golf champion, two club en-
ployeS and three robbers were. wounded
early today in an attempt to hold up
the gambling casino of the fashionable
Embassy Night Club.
The leader was identified by John P.
Thresner, Miami business man. He
said he knew Marlborough in Lakeland,
Fla, several years ago and disclosed he
came to his Office yesterday in an un-
successful attempt to borrow $40. Police
learned the bandit had been engaged
in gambling here recently.
Perkins, a guest of the club, was shot
in the hip as one of the bandits used
his body as a shield in gun battle
with two policemen who were eating
in the kitchen when the robbers entered.
The bandit leader was killed by a
bullet from the gun of watchman, as
he attempted to escape after the gun
battle started and while fashionably
gowned and panic-stricken guests Of
the club fed the place in terror. No
money was taken during the hold-up
Other wounded were:
george myers, Az, Tulsa, Okla., lQen-
titled as member of the robber band,
in critical condition from a bullet
wound in the mouth; Gene Eckman,
So reputedly another of the robbers,
critically wounded near the heart. an
unidentified bandit, who escaped;
George Fratton, 80, kitchen employe at
the club, shot in the right leg; John
Burns, also known as Frank Woods,
employe, shot in the left leg.
The two policemen, Mack Oakford
and G. j. Davis, in plain clothes, were
lined up against the kitchen wall with
employees as the robbers, masked with
handkerchiefs or stockings, threatened
them with pistols, rifles and sawed-of
shotguns.
The leader ordered the group in the
kitchen to march into the dining room
where fashionably clothed members of
Miamfs Winter social set were seated
or dancing.
With the attention of their guards
momentarily drawn, Oakford and Davis
drew their pistols. Oakford emptied
his firearm at the leader, apparently
hitting the bandits sawed-off shotgun
in such a way as to discharge the
magazine. The leader dropped dead.
Guests Scurried for cover
When police examined the body of
the bandit leader they found he had
a wooden arm.
Evening star., 1932-02-27
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
BALTIMORE, February 27-The dis
covery in Cavendish Laboratory, Cam
bridge University, London, by James
Chadwick of the "neutron," a particle
so minute it carries no electrical charge
and hailed as the greatest find in the
scientific world since the electron, the
proton and the X-ray, was announced
today by the Baltimore Sun in dis
patch from the Manchester Guardian
The "neutron'' was described as one
of the ultimate particles in nature, so
tiny it would take 200, 900 900 ,0oO, ,ooo,-
900, 900, 900 to make mass weighing an
ounce. NeutronS are not waves, the
dispatch said, but particles, but they
have, as particles, hitherto unknown
powers of penetration.
In the realm of astronomy and the
evolution of the universe neutrons are
of fundamental importance, represent
ing the first step in the evolution of
matter out of primeval electrons and
protons. the paper said.
The ultimate substance of the world
is electricity and the simplest element
built Of electricity is helium. The neu-
tron is half way between electricity and
helium It is the embryonic form of
ordinary matter growing but not born.
Neutrons are 50 penetrative and eau-
Evening star., 1932-02-27
FLYERS BODY FOUND
IN CHESAPEAKE BAY
Searchers Find Missing Nelson B.
PEBBLES Entangled in
Fish Net.
RY the Associated Presr

By the Associated Press
NEWPORT NEWS, Va, February
27.-The body of Nelson B. PEBBLES,
whose airplane was found in the Chesa-
peake Bay Yesterday, was recovered TO-
day at fish net.
Fishermen who made the discovery
expressed the belief the young man had
tried to swim to shore and either had
clung to it in the hope Of saving him
self
PEBBLES, the son of Prof. Peter Pau
PEBBLES of William and Mary College
took on on a solo fight shortly afte'
midnight yesterday morning.
Several hours later the plane was
discovered half submerged in Chesa-
peake Bay. The ship was only slightly
damaged and there was o considerable
quantity Of fuel in the tank.
Evening star., 1932-02-27
80 MINERS MISSING
IN VIRGINIA BLAST
Rescue Squads Enter Shaft
to Locate Men After
Explosion.

BLUEFIELD, w. Va, February 81
(R).-Rescue workers, after repeated
attempts, entered the BoiSsevain
mine of the Pocahontas Fuel Co.,
near Pocahontas, Va, today in an
effort to aid a crew of approximately
80 men, believed trapped after an
explosion. At noon no word had
come from the rescue crew. Two
previous attempts at entering the
mine were unsuccessful because of
insufficient protection against foul
air.
By the Associated Press.
BLUEFIELD, w. Va, February 27.-
Thirty miners were trapped today by
an explosion in the Boissevain mine Of
the Pocahontas Fuel Co., near Poca-
hontas, Va, 25 miles from Bluefield.
Fear for the safety of the emtombed
men was expressed when they failed
to reach the surface several hours after
the ending of the night shift, when
they should have left the mine.
The explosion occurred about 4:3O
am. The night shift ends at am.
One miner coming to the surface
said he heard some kind of an ex-
ploSion" another section than that in
which he was working and started out
Immediately.
Rescue crews from Jenkinjones, w.
Va, and Pocahontas, Va, equipped
with gas masks, began exploring the
workings in an effort to determine the
fate OF the trapped men.
The cause of the blast or its extent
was undetermined. Company officials
said the mine was non-gaseouS and
that the blast might have been caused
by power.
Rescue workers were driven back by
heavy air when they first attempted to
enter without gas masks. Thomas
Stockdale, a West Virginia mine in
spector, reported that air conditions
were bad and that it would be neces-
sary to reverse the fans to force fresh
air into the workings.
Several Others Escape.
Company officials at BoiSSevain said
several other miners on the night shift
escaped through the main entry after
the explosion. They were working in a
different section from the one in which
the blast occurred and started for the
surface when they heard it.
Upon reaching the main entry they
found that the air was just beginning
to get bad, and they ran through it for
half mile to the surface.
The Boissevain mine, drift opera
tion. with the main entry piercing a
hillside. is one of the largest of a num-
Der of mines operated by the Pocahon-
tas Fuel Co. 1t has been operating on
half time, employing about 400 men on
the day shift and SO at night. The ex-
ploSion occurred in an entry about l u
or miles from the main entry.
D. c. Tabor, mine superintendent,
joined the rescue teams when they en-
tered the gas-choked pit in an attempt
to reach the trapped men.
Evening star., 1932-02-27
FINANCIAL CRISIS HOPE
SEEN BY PHILADELPHIA
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
PHILADELPHIA, February 27.-Two
new possible sources of revenue heart
ened City Council leaders today in their
struggle with the treasury deficit.
They are the unsold portion of a
$4,000, 900 bend issue and sums which
will revert to the city with refinancing
of the Delaware River Bridge The
aggregate estimated yield is 10000 900.
Controller Will B. Hadley said it is
proposed to restore S2,600,000 of the
bond issue to public sale so the sinking
fund commission may purchase about
81 5000 of the issue.
The bends, which were being sold
"over the counter" because no bids were
received for them, were withdrawn from
sale last week when Hadley reported
that the city'S borrowing capacity was
lin the red" as the result of a decrease
in assessed valuation of real estate and
personal property. The controller said
he now believes sale CT the bonds can
be resumed.
Evening star., 1932-02-27
new GANG Staying
PUZZLES CLEVELAND
Police Unable to Say Whether
Fresh Killing Is Related to
Porello Feud.
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
CLEVELAND, Ohio, February 81
The body of a well dressed man be-
tween 25 and 80 years old was found
carefully laid out in the grass early
today near the Cleveland Airport. He
had been shot through the head.
In his hand was half-burned cigar.
Police said they believed he was the
victim of another gang murder, but
could not say if the Staying had any
connection with the killing Of three
men here Thursday in a renewal of
the feud between the Porelio and
Lonardo clans. The man slain today
apparently was not OF foreign extrac-
ton, police said
Evening star., 1932-02-27

In Toxic spokesman for the foreign Office issued
which was construed to that the Japanese high command
in 49, -
also learned that government
holding
nationals in Northern government opposes
of the Chinese Railway troop
ments spokesman said is
another crisis with -
1t is understood that the foreign Office drafting to
request yesterday by the Soviet foreign Office asking expana
ton OF military the Russian border reports
in
office statement said the reports
japanese spokesman Shanghai
total casualties in the Shanghai operations 4
dead and 975 wounded ~ ~ ~
The japanese landing party he said
were approximately 100 dead wounded = ~ ~ '
Evening star., 1932-02-27
ISLAND VOLCANO ACTIVE
Alaska Hears Mt. Shishaldin Is in
Eruption.

SEWARD. Alaska, February 81 Up.
Mount Shishaldin on Unimak Island
was in full eruption late yesterday, radio
reports here said. Flames were shooting
skyward 500 feet.
Residents of the island, one of the
largest in the Aleutian chain, were ap-
prehensive and some have decided to
leave.
The volcano was in eruption February
13, when an amateur radio operator at
False Pass said it shot flames / 500 feet
into the air A week later, the volcano
threw ashes and belched smoke over q
radius Of approximately 10 mies.
Evening star., 1932-02-27
Banking and Market Magnates Hit

DARMSTADT, Germany, February
81 tR).-The Hessian Diet yesterday
adopted a National Socialist motion
favoring appropriation of banking and
boerse magnates" and another motion
for the naturalization of banks.
Evening star., 1932-02-27
Four Killed in TOXIC Plane.

TOXIC, February 27 (P9.-Four per-
sons were killed today and another seri-
ously injured when mail plane crashed
in nose dive while attempting to make
forced landing near Yawata Kyushu
because of engine trouble. The plane
was wrecked.
Evening star., 1932-02-27
Invading Forces Claim Capture
of Village, but Furious
Fighting Continues.
NEW DRIVE PLANNED TO STOP
REINFORCEMENTS FOR DEFENSE
Inland Advance by Planes and Fleet
Likely-Tokio Blames Soviet for
Manchuria Damage.

Still fighting Stubborny Chinese KiangWan
still holding today spite claims military
headquarters that village fallen Heavy fighting
in progress.
Evening star., 1932-02-27
DOUBT RUSSIA WILL FIGHT.
U. S. Observers Point to Losses in
Previous japanese War.
sy the Associated Press.

| By the Associated Press.
Displeased as it may be over Japans
activities in Manchuria, there is no
serious belief here that Russia will risk
another war with the Nipponese.
The disastrous experience of 1904
CONTINUED on Page 2, Column g.
Evening star., 1932-02-27
WEATHER.

(U O. Weather Bureau Forecast)
Cloudy. slightly colder tonight; tomor-
row partly cloudy. slightly colder; mod
crate southwest shifting to north winds.
emperature-Highest, "A. at AIS pm.
yesterday; lowest, AZ, at am. today.
Full report on page is.