The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-04-05
Kingdoms Have Been SuppIant.
cd by Republics, With But
One Exception

Fifteen years after America enter
ed 1.-The war to end war" on April g.
1917, approximately 100000 men
still are under arms throughout the
world and the number Of reserves
whom the nations have in readiness
for combat is far greater. according
to the latest figures compiled by the
u. 8. War department.
Two actual wars have been fought
since the armiStice was declared
Poland VS.. Russia in 1920, and Greece
vs.. Turkey In l92l-22-and numerous
revolutions, many marked by great
bloodshed, have upturned govern
ments in both hemispheres.
Fighting still Is going on today be-
tween China and Japan, though no
actual declaration of war has been
made.
In the United States, military ex-
penses have mounted every year since
1927, though the nation Is at peace.
Last year. appropriations for the war
department amounted to $478, 4l8.974
The appropriation for the navy was
$354,07l ,004, slight reduction.
But President Woodrow Wilson'S
dream of making the world safe for
democracy" apparently Is succeeding
and largely as the result OF revolu-
tionary warfare in various countries.
Except for the isolated example OF
King Fog of Albania-who became
president and then crowned himself
king in l928-no democracy has fall
en- since the World war, though many
monarchies have crashed.
The political map of Europe has
been changed almost completely as a
result of the war. Numerous kings
have lost their crowns.
In 1914, Europe had 81 monarchies
and five republics, two Of which were
the comic opera countries OF San
Marine and Andorra. More than
45O, O00. 900 people we're ruled by kings,
while only 100000 lived in the five
republics.
In 1882 IS nations are still listed
as monarchies, although one Of these,
Hungary. has no king or queen.
These Is nations have a population
Of l60.0O0,000. There are II repub-
lies. with a population of 100000. 900.
New republics created by and since
the war include Germany. Austria,
Poland, -Slovakia, Rus S a,
Spain. Turkey. Latvia. Lithuania,
Finland Esthonia and Greece.
Aside from the overthrow of mon
arches which followed the World
war, the most widespread changes
have come in South and Central
America, where rebellion has over
thrown governments with lavish
hand.
Governments have been overthrow,
In nine of these countries and revolu-
tons failed In five others. Success
full rebellions and their dates:
Bolivia, June 20. 1890.
Peru. August %, 1890.
Argentina, Sept. s, 1880.
Brazil, Oct. "a. 1880.
Panama. Jan. 2, 1881.
Chile, July Is, 1881.
Ecuador. Oct. Is. 1881.
Paraguay, Oct 20, 1881.
Salvador, Dec. 4, 1881.
RebellionS in Mexico, Cuba, Hon
duras, Santo Domingo and Nicaragua
failed.
Besides that, there have been sew
eral civil wars in China. one of which
Is still in progress, and the govern
ment In Afghanistan was overthrown
when King Ananullah tried to in
troduce western customs and ideas in
1928.
From this it would seem that many
thousands of the millions under arms
are primarily concerned with keep
ing the existing government in power
rather than with making their nation
safe from outside aggression.