davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
La gaceta., 1932-09-02

En- ell juicio de la reclamation
establecida por los vecinos de
los suburbios, con ell fin de evil
tar que la tarifa del servicio de
aqua Sc les aumente en-. un 500
Sc demostr6 aver que las ganan-
cias obtenidas por ell acueducto
representa- una magnifica in
version para la ciudad de Tam
pa.
Manuel Montenegro, que eXa-
min6 como auditor las cuentas
del acueducto, en- 1928, dijo que
La gaceta., 1932-09-02
NOTIClAS DE-
INTERFS L0CA'


Ell comit6 de presupuestos a,
cord6 aver solicitar de la legis-
latura apruebe varias leyes que
hagan possible disminuir los ga
tos del condado en- 1888. Quiere
ell comite que la rebaja quite de
sobre los contribuyentes una car
ga de dos mil6simas.
Las leyes que sera recomen-
dadas son: revision de la ley cleo
toral de mode que ell condado so
10 imprima 125 boletas por ca
da 100 electores, en- lugar de las
La gaceta., 1932-09-02
OPTIMO Y CUESTA Y REY
JUGARAN Ell DOMINGO

La lluvia impidi6 aver que Sc
efectuara ell desafio entire los
clubs Cuesta y Rey y Optimo,
por ell campeonato de las fabri-
cas- de West Tampa.
Ell juego Sc verificara ell do
mingo, a las dos y media, en-
Plant Field.
A las cuatro de la tarde del
domingo jugara el vencedor de
West Tampa con ell Corral Wo-
diska, triunfador en- Ybor City.
La gaceta., 1932-09-02

de gas Zen lugar de $1,44 que We
Man pagando.
ST Sc conSumieran mas de Z
millones de pies, ell precio seria
menor, de IS centavos por cada
mil.
Ell ano pasado fueron instala-
dos calentadores de gas en- II
de las escuelas, sin costo directo
o indirecto para las autoridades
escolares.
La gaceta., 1932-09-02

La junta de educaci6n del con
dado aprob6 aver un nuevo ofre-
'imiento de la compania Tampa
Gas, para calentar las escuelas
IN los meses del invierno.
Por la nueva tarifa especial
4 escuelas solo pagaran Is CEN
t. Is DOR cada mil pies cubicos
La gaceta., 1932-09-02

Calcula ell superintendent de
instruction pdblica del condado
que en- ell pr6ximo curse assist
ran a las escuelas de TOO a mil
nihos y jovencitos mas que en- ell
anterior.
Cree Mr.. Snipes que ell mime
TO de alumnos llegara a $4,000 v
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-03-05
Revolutionary Struggle of Working Women
~, CHM
in China

masses in China have launched
against the heavy attacks upon
their conditions of life by the Chin
ese bourgeoisie and by the imper-
ialists is one from which many a
lesson can be drawn by the prole-
tariat of other countries. In the
10 weeks ending April 80, 1881,
alone, there took place 70 large
strikes of women cotton and silk
workers. Single strikes involved up
to 10000, 1900 and 10000 women.
These were mostly spontaneous
strikes for restoration of wage cuts,
against the discharge Of women
workers, against the brutal treat
ment Of women workers, better
working conditions for children and
for higher wages.
The second general strike Of the
Shanghai silk workers took place
in spite of the decisions of the Kuo-
mintang government forbidding the
strike. Beginning with the occupa-
ton Of Manchuria by the Japanese
invaders, the women's strikes de-
veloped into bigger struggles. There
were general strikes Of women work
ers in the Japanese cotton mills
against the intervention by Jap
anese Imperialism into Manchuria.
In Shanghai, Picking, Canton,
Chengru, ETC., working women and
girl students marched at the head
Of the mass anti-imperialist DEM
onstrations demanding arms from
the Kuomintang government and
disarming the police who fired and
killed workers and students during
the demonstrations las was the case
in Shanghai where five workers
were killed and in Canton where
IL students and workers were killed
by the police.
To keep in safe channels, the
revolutionary ferment among the
Chinese working women and to util-
ize the women's activities for their
own interests, the Chinese bourg-
eoisie is attempting to get control
OF the working women's and revo-
lutionary girl students movement.
Under the control of the Chinese
Chamber of Commerce and the
counter-revolutionary trade unions
o I the Kuomintang, womens ma
tional salvation declarations have
been organized in many cities. In
Shanghai the Righteous and Brave
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-03-05
BY NJ. DEAN.

In Shanghai women and children
make up more than so per cent of
all industrial workers. In Han
kow women and children make up
So per cent of all workers in the
large industries there. In Antung,
Manchuria, there are over $4,000
women in the silk industry alone.
In 'Wushi there are more than $4,000
women and children in the silk In
dustry. In the cotton spinning cen
tiers, women and children make up
about 1890 per Gems Gass the total
number Of workers. Single cotton
spinning mills employ up to two to
three thousand women and chill
dren. The textile industry is one
Of the largest industries in China.
Tobacco factories also employ up TO
1000 women workers.
The silk failures are mostly Chi
nese owned. They are old, dilapi-
dated fire traps. Even during the
unbearable damp-heated summer
months. the windows in the silk
failures are not permitted to be
open. Women and children work
in steam-filled rooms without any
rest period up to II hours daily.
Children from years old, stir silk
cocoons in hot water with bare
hands. Foremen walk behind the
workers and beat them with rods If
seen talking to each other. Not In
frequetly there are strikes of the
silk workers against the raping of
a woman worker. The building and
tools in the silk filature are rented
by the employers so that there Is
very great resistance by the en-
ployers against Investment of CAPT.
tai to improve the primitive meth
cd Of work and to better the work
ing conditions. The wages of wo-
men silk workers in Shanghai and
Wushi are about 90 Chinese cents
day. according to the present
rate OF exchange it is about 10
American cents. In Antung, Man
churia, the wages Of the women
silk workers is nine Chinese dollars
(present rate Of exchange equals
about 4 and half Chinese dollars
to one American dollar per month,
plus a daily ration of rice. The 9
dollars are paid only if full month
of 80 days is worked.
The struggle that the womel
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-03-05
IL Million Women Are a Big
Factor in the Struggle Of
Toilers Against Bosses

American Federation Of La bog
unions on any equal basis Of any
kind.
Even among some of the more adj
vanced women workers who should
know that their strength lies In
working class solidarity, there still
exists what might be called male
chauvinism" toward women work
ers. And just as the white workers
often do not recognize in themselves
the white chauvinism toward Negro
workers which Is felt keenly by the
Negro workers, so also the men
workers do not recognize in them
selves their attitude Of superiority
to the women.
The result of this male chauvin-
ism often is that women are not
brought forward or encouraged to
take positions of leadership, and the
workers movement has been weak
est on the very front where q
might be strongest-among the
masses of unskilled and semi-skille6
women workers. When once aroused
to class consciousness and the pos
sibilities of organization, womey
have proved themselves among the
best and most active f..--lOers In
the u1OrLra1-cs ctY.11ouTe-
international WOmen's Day
International Women's Day is the
day Of the year when women work
ers throughout the world demon
Strate their solidarity with the men
workers in the mighty class strug-
gle against the capitalists and their
governments. At factory gate meet
jngs, in parades, conferences, and
working class gatherings of every
kind, women come together to re-
new their pledge of solidarity and
to organize themselves in unbreak-
able lines of strength under the
leadership Of the Communist Party,
This year, on March 9th, 1892, I'M
der the banner of the Communist
Party, women workers here in the
United States are demonstrating
with the men against the imperial
list. war. International Women's Day
this year will see the addition Of
many new women members in the
ranks of the revolutionary unions
and in the Communist Party, the
only Party which carries on the
struggle against inperialist war and
against the capitalist system.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-03-05

Army" a separate women's mill
tary organization was organized; in
Peking Women's Army was Or
ganized. These are under the di-
rectorship Of Kuomintang military
officers. In some places these Sal
walton Federations have slipped out
of the control of the Chinese bour-
geoisie and have joined the revolu-
tionary movement of the students.
The heroic work OF the Chinese
Communist Party and the ALI
China Federation of Labor among
women, together with the influ-
ence extended by the Chinese Sow
lets and the Chinese Red Army
had much to do to develop this
strong anti-imperialiSt sentiment
and determination to struggle
against 1t by the masses Of Chin
csc women toilers. In spite Of the
conditions OF terror against all
revolutionaries, by the Kuomintang
government, which have been null
tiplied since the occupation of
Manchuria by the japanese, the
g revolutionary organizations in
China are carrying on successful
work to combat the influence that
the irnperialist and Chinese bour-
geois organizations, through their
different special methods of ap-
proach to working women are try
ing to weave about the masses Of
Chinese women toilers.
The imperialist press in China is
alarmed about the large number of
women who are illegally going over
into the Soviet districts to work for
the Soviets and for the Chinese
Red Army. In district in North
Hupeh, where the Red Army called
for volunteers, in addition to the
1000 men who volunteered, over
200 women who walked distances
up to go miles came to offer their
services to the Red Army. The
head OF the 10Th White Army
against the Red Army in August
1881, General Chen Min-chu said
that countless numbers of women
volunteers for the Red Guard in
China, which is the eyes and ears
Of the Red Army he added.
The Communist Party of China
and the Central Soviet Govern
ment of China have called upon
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-03-05

a million women have taken the
places Of the men workers,
In the Crisis
Since the Autumn of 1929, when
the stock market crash first re-
vealed the crisis in capitalist indus
try, women of the working class
have suffered from the effects of
unemployment even more intensely
than the men workers. This crisis,
the greatest in the whole history
of capitalism, has driven an even
greater number of mothers with
little children out into the labor
market in an effort to find work.
Unemployment means under
nourishment, starvation, evictions,
breaking up of homes, and all of
these results come hardest on the
women of the household. While
undernourishment always has seri-
Gus effects, it is most disastrous for
pregnant mothers in the year fol-
lowing child birth. Undernourish-
ment to the point of starvation ex-
lists not only in the coal fields
among the miners families, but also
among the countless families in
other centers of the worlds rich
est country in the year 1882
Charity in this crisis has not even
kept the workers and their families
from starving to death or commit
ting suicide. It can never repair
more than a tiny fraction of the
damage that the conditions of CAPT.
talism each year creates anew.
Strikes of industrial women work
ers are taking place against wage
cuts and unbearable conditions have
been followed by rent strikes and
bread strikes of working class ten
ants and housewives. The part al
ready played by women in these
strike struggles is story in itself.
When once organized in the revolu-
tionary unions, women workers take
their places firmly in the vanguard
OF the working class.
Male Chauvinism
American Federation of Labor Of
ficials have been as ready as the
bosses to preach and teach women's
subsection and subordination. Jeal-
Gus of women's coming into the
more skilled trades, these officials
of the craft unions have steadily
opposed equal opportunity for girls
and have established restrictions
against taking women into the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-03-05
BY GRACE HUTCHINS.

So great now are the numbers
of women and girls gainfully en-
ployed in this country that the inn
agination can hardly picture pro-
cession of all women workers-near-
ly eleven million in number. If
a parade Of eleven million workers
should march from daylight to dark
in lines of ten abreast, each line
only two seconds behind another,
the lines would take fifty days to
pass a given point. Imagine then
such a procession marching for
fifty days and you have pictured
in numbers the great army of wom-
en- who work for a living in the
United States.
In the half century since 1880
this army has increased fourfold
and in the thirty years since 1900
1t has more than doubled. In the
decade between 1920 and 1880 num-
berS Of women in paid jobs in
creased by twenty-six per cent, as
compared with a fifteen per cent
increase of men in the same period.
Two out of every nine persons in
paid jobs in the United States are
women. And two out of every nine
women in the population now work
for a living.
Since 1920, two million more wom-
en- have stepped out of unpaid SER
vice at home into low paid Jobs
in industry, What these jobs mean
in long days, speed-up, ill health
and meager earnings, workers molly
know too well.
Many in Factories
Two and a half million women
Or in exact figures, 2,416,28S, are
in the factories and other mechan-
ical industries, representing an in-
crease Of half q million, or twenty
five per cent over the 1920 number.
This growth in numbers of women
factory workers is of the greatest
Importance to the toilng class, for
they are engaged in direct produce
ton, in the war industries and in
other basic industries where women
are replacing men. In comparison
with this % per cent increase in
women in factories, men factory
workers barely increased ten per
cent, far less than the growth of
the general population. Actually, in
proportion to the population, fewer
men have factory jobs, while half
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-03-05
The Working Women Must
Fight Against the Crisis and
Imperialist War

cracking and the only way out of
the present chaos is to make war
against the Soviet Union in the
hope Of destroying the idea that
workers can take over and run the
country for the benefit of the work
ers and farmers. The success of
the first Five Year Plan and the
preparation of the second Five
Year Plan with all its provisions
for women and for the general Cul-
tre of the working class are such
as to awaken the revolutionary de-
termination of the workers all over
the world. In the Soviet Union,
women receive equal pay for equal
work. No Office is too high that a
woman worker cannot occupy,
Women receive two months off be-
fore childbirth and after childbirth
with full pay, They do not work,
as in the United States, 10 to IL
hours a day, but z hours Gay,
with wage increases. The educa-
tional and cultural facilities are
continually improving and it is
these facts that the capitalists are
trying to conceal and lie about.
Particularly, the Negro women
feel the crisis and are discontinued.
They have yet to feel, however,
that the white working class, and
especially the white women work.
ers, are willing to unite with them
not only in words and resolutions
but in deeds, for joint fight with
the rest Of the working class
against the bosses.
In Harlem where there are
100000 Negroes, the City of New
York has the nerve to expend only
100000 for relief. In the Negro
section and districts Of the coun-
try, the misery and poverty are the
greatest, the housing conditions are
the worst, unemployment is most
widespread and yet little or Moth
ing is being done to relieve these
workers. The Negro workers know
what they were promised before
the last World War and how they
were treated, after it, and therefore
1t is our fundamental duty to mo-
billie these Negro women workers,
Of the needle, laundry industry,
ETC., for joint struggle.
This is the task not only of the
revolutionary women but Of the
whole revolutionary working class
led by the Communist Party. Up
to the present, work among women
has been considered a woman's
task and until this idea is broken
down and the men begin to under
stand that without the active par
ticipation of women in the class
struggle for unemployment relief
and insurance and against wage
cuts, against persecution of the
foreign born, lynching Of Negroes,
against imperialist war and for de-
tense of the Chinese masses and
the Soviet Union, there can be no
real revolutionary class struggle.
Therefore, March 9th and the
preparations for March 9th are the
task of the entire Party and revo-
lutionary working class. Although
March 9th, International Womens
Day, must draw tens and hundreds
of thousands Of working women
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-03-05

izing the women not only Of their
own class, but also of the working
class. In no other way can one ex-
plain the great anxiety that the
government and the bosses feel re-
garding the suffering of the white
collar slaves. They know well that
these white collar workers, edu-
Gated and trained as they have
been, would be a very powerful
force in the ranks of the reyolu-
tionary working class and, there
fore, they are trying to win them
over to continued support Of the
present system Of robbery of the
working class. This same anxiety"
is being felt toward the ex-service-
men who have been thrown into
the streets to Starve and have
found no support from the govern
ment that uses them as cannon
fodder.
With war on against the Chinese
masses, with war being organized
against the Soviet Union, every
kind OF capitalist organization
among the women is being estab-
hshed, social clubs, athletic clubs,
rifle clubs, organization among the
class women thrown out to them as
crumb at the same time that they
are being given a wage cut-this is
the YlRnner in which the capitalist
class is proceeding in order to win
the women for their plans.
Why do they lie about and slam
der the Soviet Union? Why do they
keep information on the status of
women in the Soviet Union from
reaching the women in the United
States? For the same reason that
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-03-05

into demonstration and activities,
nevertheless men must also par
ticipate and by their greater ex-
periences help the women workers
to organize jointly with the men
against the crisis, against imperial
list war and for the defense Of the
Soviet Union.
International Women's Day Of
this year calls for special efforts to
wrench away the women workers
from the control and influence OF
the capitalist class and definitely
to line them up in ever increasing
numbers with the revolutionary
working class in the struggle for a
workers and farmers government
under the leadership of the Com
munist Party.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-03-05
BY L. AMTEB,

Ten TO twelve million women in
this country are working in indus
Try and commerce. They are not
in industry because they wish to
be there, but because they have
been forced into the shops and fac
tories by the miserable wages paid
their husbands and fathers. AL
though the capitalist class Of this
country pretended to have diff
Ferent standard" for women whom
1t protected by so-called 'chivalry," "
nevertheless, millions of women
have enered industry, as have also
children, in order to keep the home
from hunger. These women are
exploited far more than are the
men, receive far lower pay than the
men do for the same work, in many
instances even being excluded from
certain occupations. But the use
of automatic machinery in the
shops and offices has made it pos
sible for the capitalists to do away
with their so-caIed higher stand
ard" of chivalry toward woman and
today we find that women are not
only in the lighter industries but
rapidly are entering the heavier
ones.
The American Federation Of La
Dor and its Women's Department,
the Women's Trade Union League,
carrying on continual propaganda
against the work of married women
in industry. Even in most recent
years the A. F. of L. has demanded
the removal of married women
from industry.
This, however, does not answer
The cry Of hunger, and the capital
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-03-05

activity-Strike committee, relief
committee, finance committee, or
ganizational committee, etc., etc.
2. In connection with relief
not only that the women should be
active in the distribution of relief
at the relief station, but also active
in the collection of relief rom the
farmers in conducting tag days in
nearby cities for money, in going al
organizations for help, ETC., etc.
Also there was expected any day
now a large shipment of clothing
sent down from the north by the
Workers international Relief. The
miners, their wives and children,
were going about ragged and prac-
tically barefoot, and this clothing,
sent in a spirit of solidarity by the
workers of the North, was badly
needed. But they realized too, that
the workers in the North are also
hard hit, and that they can afford
only to send clothing which is al
ready somewhat worn,
Shall we distribute this clothing
as it comes in, or shall it be put
into good shape first? 1t may hap
pen that one family will get cloth
ing which requires hours and per-
haps days of sewing before it can
be worn, while another family might
be lucky enough to get some brand
new clothing. So the women de-
cided and held big sewing bee.
The auxiliary held special meet
ing when the clothing arrived, for
the purpose of sorting it out and
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1932-03-05

sewing on it. Thus this tremendous
job was conducted in social man.
ner, stimulating still further the
feeling of solidarity of all the work
ers in the camp, in their joint ef-
fort to win better conditions for all.
And the women did not sit hunched
up over the sewing In their pitt
full little Shacks, all laone, sew.
ing for hours and hours to get the
clothes in shape to wear, but all
pitched in together and got the
work done in record time.
Then there was the question Of
the school children. Some children
could not go to school because they
had no clothing. Some went to
school without breakfast. Others
could not study because they didn't
have the schoolbooks, for in this
cap the children had to buy their
own books. Also the Red Cross,
which had made survey OF the
needs of the school children before
the term opened, refused any aid
because the fathers went on strikei
So the following demands were
worked out:
l. Clothing for the school chill
dren to be furnished by the school
authorities.
2. Hot lunch at noon for all chill.
dren at the cost of the school au-
thorities.
3. All textbooks to be furnished
free.
That night the parent-teachers
meeting was held. 1t had been
widely advertised that the county
superintendent of schools and the
county representative of the Red
Cross was to be there. The women
elected a spokesman to present
these demands and committee to
back them up. But these two Of
ficials did not appearl They had
heard of the militant plans OF the
women, and had been scared off.
So now new plans have been
made. A committee will 60 with
these demands to the county super
tntendent of schools and to the Red
Cross. If their demands are re.
jected, the women will start mass
picketing Of these two offices, with
slogans, and mobilize the men and
children to picket with them.
Now these women are taking part
in all activities of the strike. Only
little guidance in helping them
organize, brought them into this i'm.
portant activity and all the worker
in the camp, men and women both.
now realize how important 1t Is to
draw the women into the struggle
of the workers.
Three of the most advanced Of
these women have already Joined
the Communist Party Unit IL, this
camp and keep the Importance Of
utilizing the women In struggles
ever before all the workers.
And If they put as much energy
Into organizing for International
Women's Day on March 9th, as they
have done in all their activity up
to the present time, this mining
camp. at least, will have Q good
turnout on this day Of struggle
against the special exploitation Of
women workers ~ >--..a-.