davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1932-05-03

A citizen threatened with a pay cut
should not be expected to become over
enthusiastic in lending practical support
10 an anti-hoarding campaign.
Evening star., 1932-05-03
Establishing Conditions.

Unto the ballots call we wake
And vow we will not shirs,
Though so much time the ballots take,
There's little left for work
But we will vote and vote again
And hold a hopeful smile;
Our voting is, in language plain.
What makes the work worth while.
Putin on airs" said Uncle Eben, "is
laughable when some one reminds you
CT palm leaf fan dat mistook hisself
for a cyclone" 4
Evening star., 1932-05-03
Female Suffrage
Issue for Peruvians.

: El Commerce., Lima-The Constitu-
tional Congress will consider at its ap-
preaching session the question Of fe-
male suffrage. Whether woman's In
Evening star., 1932-05-03
Swiss Police Bare
New Fraud Scheme,

New Fraud Scheme.
La Suisse, Geneva-The department
of Justice and police is putting the
public on guard against a certain ad-
vertisement appearing in the papers
Offering work to persons of both sexes
at a very lucrative salary. Those who
respond receive a prospectus outlining
how they can easily earn the sum OF
20 francs a day, copying addresses. 1t
is also necessary for them to subscribe
to foreign journal, the cost of which,
in advance, would more than consume
the anticipated salary OF week or
two. The police state that the propo-
sition is one little remunerative, If at
ali of the snowman variety, here today
and gone tomorrow, and really Offering
no chance of profitable employment.
Evening star., 1932-05-03
SHOULD PRISONERS WORK. BY
Touis NJ Pobipson philadelphia


Louis N Robinson. Phllaoelpnla :
John c. Winston Co.
A fairly new question as time runs
Not so long ago criminology, such as II
was, counted idleneSs as the most cum
ningly devised, the most cruelty et-
tective measure of punishment 1or I'M
prisoned law breakers. And even yet
the question is largely academic. A
theme for discussion rather than
practice established to any general ex-
tent or with any full seizure OF the re-
conStrutive value of systematic and
regular labor.
DR.. Robinson's study is not discus
sion of the question that is already set
tied in theory. Prisoners should WORK
This study is, in effect, survey OF tne
extent to which prisoners 40 WORK. AS
Such 1t Is, in measure OF grapIlc
character. Charts and plans spread the
various parts of the country, the ulI-
ferent States, to show in what measure
and under what conditions the intro
auction of labor into the prisons Is
meeting with support here, with lndlt-
ference there and. in sum, what the
experiment seems to promise Tor the Iu-
ture of this particular project OF man
making.
Many immediate difficulties rise out
of the scheme. Work? Why, certainly,
What kind of work can be introduced
to this particular situation, with serious
purpose toward practical achievement?
A wide field of research opens from this
single question, a field that this author
investigates, first with practical good
sense and next with the skill OF definite
research. Difficulties from the outside
soon come into this problem What 10
DO with the product of prison labor?
What organized labor has to say on the
subject? What it has to do in further
ance or in hindrar-e OF the plan?
What capitalistic industry has to say.
mas to do about it? What measure OF
actual partaking in both toll and lts re-
wards are prisoners themselve to nave?
Most Interestingly and usefully the SUD
lect ramifles into many fields not real
1zeo when the initial question arose as
an element in the modern notion OF
prisons as active and direct means OF
Evening star., 1932-05-03

Time remedies all ills" said Hi Ho,
the sage Of Chinatown, although many
OF us are unfortunately forbidden to live
long enough to know that cure has
been effected"
Evening star., 1932-05-03
Rate by Carrier Within the CITY.

The Evening Star.............45c per mont h
The Evening and Sunday Star
when sundays ~. 60c per month
The Evening and Sunday Star
(wien S SundaysJ ......... 65c per month
The Sunday Star ..........5c PEI copy
Collection made at the end of each month.
Orders may be sent in by mail or telephone
NAtiOnal 5000
Evening star., 1932-05-03
Spotlight Envoy.

at has been said that your methods
are rather theatrical" said the conf
dental adviser.
I'm afraid they are" answered SEN
ator Sorghum. What I'd like to do is
to make them notion pictorial so that
I could break into private life for one of
those distended salaries"
Jud Tunkins says anybody can tell
you the market is going up, but nobody
can tell you where.
Evening star., 1932-05-03
The Evening Star Newspaper Company

1lth st. and Pennsylv ania Ave.
New York Once: i10 East 42nd ST.
Chicago once: Lake Michigan Building.
European Once Ia Regent 81, London.
England.
Evening star., 1932-05-03
= ENCHING GAZETTE, Cheng-
I fu-Although unable to afford
the luxury of an imposing OBJ
servatory like that at Using

at Yenching nevertheless Is making
extensive measurements of solar activ-
ity and of the state Of the weather.
1t is now reported that by means of
a battery of three different types of
photo-electric cells measures are taken
every midday of the direct sunshine.
total daylight and skyshine.
Already one new discovery has been
made-that the greater part of the
ultraviolet component in daylight
comes not from the sun directly, nor
even from directly overhead, but from
parts Of the sky between 40 and "a
degrees above the horizon. This is
evidently one Of the reasons why the
open spaces on the beach are more
healthy and conducive to tan than the
more private seclusion OF a sunny back
yard.
Evening star., 1932-05-03

@. How long is house built of virgin
pine lumber supposed to last?-F F. M
A. The Forest Service says that it
depends upon the way the house was
built and the upkeep. There are houses
built of this wood which have been
standing since 1890.
Evening star., 1932-05-03

@. Which European country oper-
ates the greatest number of miles of
railroad?-E. McC.
A. Germany leads with 33,442 average
miles operated; France is second with
26,862, and Great Britain third with
204l9
Evening star., 1932-05-03

@. Who coined the expression, "Vani-
ty Fair"?-W. S.
A. Bunyan used it in Pilgrims Prog
resS" to describe a town fair where
all the wares were vanities and the
buyers lovers of vanity.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-08-18
(sEAL)

OFFICIAL ABSTRACT OF VOTES CAST FOR MEMBERS OF
THE LEGISLATURE AT THE PRIMARY ELECTION
HELD JUNE 10Th, 1892
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-08-18
THE BISMARCK TRIBUNE. THURSDAY, AUGUST 49, 1892

length than any other single subject,
Curtis recalled that congress in the
last II years enacted between Is and
30 bills with the hope and expecta-
ton that they would give agriculture
the greatly needed and deserved re-
lief"
But I regret to say he added,
"that while some of them have helped
to some extent most of them have
not come up to the expectations OF
those who introduced and supported
them.
while this problem has not been
and should not be partisan, yet the
Republican party wishes to solve 1t
and is anxious to bring the farmer
into a situation of equality with in
dustry.
lone of the problems is to reduce
the spread between what the pro-
Queer on the farm receives and what
the ultimate consumer pays for such
products. Another is to provide the
farmers better marketing facilities.
II have for years believed ma
Itional cooperative system would help
solve the problem and I still believe
such a system, properly organized
and conducted, would enable the
farmer to get a better price for his
products and at the same time do no
injury to those who deal honestly in
the buying and selling of farm prod
ucts. while protecting the farmer
against those who will not give him
a square deal"
Denies Neglect Charge
He denied the Republican party
could be charged with having ne
elected the farm question. pointing
out that since March 4, 1921, ut has
enacted into law various measures
intended to solve the problem"
These acts. he said, were not only
supported by the various farm Or
carnations, but many of them were
proposed by such organizations"
AS to the Reconstruction Finance
corporation. he said there is quite a
wrong impression regarding its
loans. adding:
while it is true that it has helped
some OF the larger banks. yet of the
$500 banks and trust companies as
sisted by it 10 per cent of the relief
has gone to banks and trust COM
panies in cities of less than 5000
population, Is per cent in those of
less than 10000 and Sc per cent in
those of less than $4,000 population"
Curtis went on record as being OPP
posed personally to cancellation of
the foreign war debts. Referring to
the tariff. he said application of 'the
principles of the American system of
protection is necessary in order to
keep out of our country goods which
come into competition with our home
made goods and home grown prod
ucts."
The two great problems which must
be solved, he said, were to secure en-
ployment for the unemployed and to
make market for the products of
the farm and factory.
The vice president proposed a "sys-
tematic investigation and reorgani-
cation of governmental agencies with
view of eliminating Implications
and of uniting bureaus where union
is possible without impairing the eff
ficiency of the departments.
Praises Women
He expressed qualification with the
important part" women have taken
in mana cement and control of the
countrys affairs.
Reviewing the distinct gains"
made toward realization of labor's
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-08-18

laudable aims" he said, "the five day
! week should and will come"
Curtis quoted figures in support OF
his contention that the present ad-
,, ministration had taken active steps
to put boarded and idle money in
circulation, to show that since the
crash" in October, 1929, the per
capita circulation, then $40.23, de-
creased to $500 one year later, and
increased to $45.50 as of June 30,
1882.
He expressed opinion there ought
to be established in society such an
order OF things that everywhere the
aged and dependent may have place
of refuge and the poor employment
and food" and concluded by saying:
mo president in peace times ever
had so many difficult problems to
solve. No president ever worked
harder to improve conditions, and
none ever took the people into his
confidence as has the careful organ
izer, the great student of the needs
of our people-Herbert Hoover"
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-08-18

Tense made its opening statement
before court adjourned.
| Efforts of the defense to exclude
testimony of Sheriff O. j. Tweten of
Otter Tail county relative to an al
legged confession made by Webb re-
garding the Clitherall robbery and
other holdups, resulted in the jury
being sent from the courtroom while
Webb testified the confession had
been extorted from him.
Webb said representatives Of the
state bureau Of criminal apprehension
and police officers, by coercive meth
DDS, had forced him to admit the var
ious robberies.
After hearing the testimony, Judge
Anton Thompson ruled no undue
coercion had been used and that the
confession, insofar as 1t related to the
Clitherall robbery, should be admitted
as testimony. AS it related to other
robberies, however, it was stricken
from the records. In his original
confession, Webb had admitted a
number of robberies and thefts.
The defense is expected to base its
case on the claim Webb was intoxi-
Gated and mentally unbalanced when
the bank was robbed.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-08-18
STATEMENT OF THE FINDINGS OF THE STATE BOARD
OF CANVASSERS AS TO THE NOMINATION OF
CANDIDATES AT THE PRIMARY ELECTION
HELD JUNE 10Th, 1892


Of
Perry Chairman of the Democratic State Central Committee
Clerk OF
u s.
Judges Members OF
entitled the Otfcai
by herein
Commit
the Democratic Party shown Abstract Of Votes for the
D.
tar
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-08-18
Curtis PERSONALLY
OPPOSED TO REPEAL
OF 18TH AMENDMENT
G. 0. P. Vice Presidential Nom.
inee States Position in
Acceptance Speech
WILL NOT OPPOSE BALLOT
Grants Right of Voters to Pass
on Question But Sees No
Need For Change

Topeka, Aug. 18.-(P)-Voicing his
personal opposition to repeal of the
18th amendment and expressing con-
fidence in eventual success of admin
istration efforts to bring relief from
the depression, Vice President Curtis
late Thursday accepted denomination
by the Republicans.
The kansan, in his formal address
of acceptance, said he felt the people
should at all times be given full op-
portunity to express their opinion ON
the constitution Or amendments
thereto but that personally Il am
opposed to the return of the saloon
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-08-18

OFFICIAL ABSTRACT OF NO-PARTY
VOTES CAST AT THE PRIMARY
ELECTION HELD JUNE
10th. lO32
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-08-18
TwENTY-sECoND DISTRICT
TwENTY-FoURrH DISTRICT:

TWENTY-FIVE DISTRICT:
A. 8. Marshall (R) ........... ~
J. r. Nichols (R) ............ IA
b. f. Lifts CD ............... s.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-08-18


SUPER % Gs sog Of Fus r. Palmer
% Sit. e. ron Williams TSS
s $ .S$s :s % S.; ssS ;s:$ Es?
MEMBERS LEGISLATURE
|
xs''s1 F. x ss Dnssas asss: y
j. A 1
Dsnss X S
David Ne
e. ss s ssi"' nsH:e En
Bs
II Is W Pi%ss:
$*s ss: $s
% IL o's
s A. @ w.t.! Paul s$s
sa NJ S.s a:s;s:
. T. Asa.s:o a'ss
ss sas'i s..5 ssssn
ss$ %
No ss;n s.
R;%s
f$s.;s
. $S$ R%'s
Drew Lande Edwin
Trayno
No Nomin
HouseRepubican W. Gilchris W. I~mke
s' 5.:: 81 z
NJ. l. VAIL r.,..-
: .' F'Ss:s'i s"s
crat B. F. Tits Frozen
$::::. = 'iss';'
; 4s: $sss.:
No NpTanatlon. D so
Dsm1erstis
Mus n Nson LACK a
Graham Charles
fheth Nominations DsmocT1tii
Nelson Gus A. Scnauss
E cein Dsm0 irn.
Hunke, MCabe A. c. Fagenkoph
e. wins n f. R R
Ae T. !. hroschat Ae"o
crat!c o,to W Gust n Ns No nominations, Demo
Iii Y Nswoshnsr. g. slsisht. W.
II e. e nsAen D:s
Nominaions Demo
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-08-18

Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable
Compound helps me wonderfully. I
took it for nerves and it quieted and
strengthened me. / have good natural
color now and better appetite. >
Mrs. Lulu CRoNIN, 2939 l3lst Point
Place, Toledo, Ohio.
al am forty-seven years old. have
been suffering from terrible headaches
and nervousness. All the time | felt
weak and tired. Lydia L. Pinkham's
Vegetable Compound surely is helping
me. My nerves are better.I sleep well
and feel well and strong. Mis-. c..
RICHARDS, $40 Coney Island Ave,
Brooklyn, New York.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-08-18

1Sss .9 %;; @
S%s,.s s.
II o.e ns T' Place. Ne
s R"sss::
cratic ~ sanne W.
cratic. Il VI z9. e. PEERS PEERS
No sis.r v sssai 7tSs ss
Harry Ia S?%G p.s PsmG
Ss p A 1e ;odesa :.,
NJ s NJ democratic:
Nominations A.
.. spx: Hss: as
Esn a nsss " 5,
TSs Demo.
cratic:
Changes in of Reducing .
saae ss sss
and fISn as 'os
S: Il S o:: :ss a; :;s;:: ssS 5S ~
tn. s:ss Isl S psi s: :i Ii: 4ss;
Of cInstruc
ROBERT BYRNE
J. H. NEWTON
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-08-18
Prosecution Rests
In FargOan's Trial

Fergus Falls, Mimi, Aug. 18-(Pe
The prosecution Wednesday rested its
case against Charles Webb of Fargo,
N. D., charged with robbery of the
State Bank of Clitherall, and the de-
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-08-18


Judge of the Supem rt-A
Observation-Disclosures
of the Distr-M Daniel g.
F. G.
Third District
AcKenna Fourth District
G. Disct-John Geo
Moering r. f. Johnson f. Lambert Sixth Berry
F.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-08-18

game and fish commission, has been
appointed chairman of the water con-
servation committee Of the North Da-
kota American Legion.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-08-18

STEEN GIVEN APPOINTMENT
M. o. Steen, chief clerk of the state
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-04-14

taxpayers, Vial said.
At the close Of the year, 2,076
persons we're in charge of the pro-
baton department from municipal
courts with grand total of 3,061
having been under probation dur
ing the year, according to the re-
port.
A total Of 244 offenders were re-
leased from probation in that
period. Eighty-one per cent of
persons completing probation
terms were classed as satisfactory.
n
ONCE organization of the de-
- partment in October, 1927,
5,504 persons have been placed in
charge of the department, Vial
said. Sentences have been revoked
in 451 cases in that period.
Fines and costs totaling $43,675
we're paid on the installment plan
for 1,488 offenders during 1881,
and support Of several offenders
cost the department $4,000.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-04-14

the other doninions except New
foundland.
Britain was not able to recipro-
cate at all until 1915, when the Nc
Kenna duties Of 1915 per cent on
automobiles, clocks, watches, mu-
steal instruments and certain other
manufactured articles were adopted.
Other tariffs later were applied
to hops, tobacco. cocoa, coffee, silk,
wines, spirits, sugar, preserved and
dried fruits.
The tobacco preference helped
southern Rhodesia, Nyasaland Pro-
tectorate, India and Canada to a
certain extent. Cocoa preference
was of some value to British East
Africa. Wine preferences helped
Australia and South Africa to prove
to Britain that France, Germany,
Italy and Spain are not the only
wine producing countries in the
world.
Preference on spirits helped the
British West Indies. South Africa.
Australia, Mauritius and the British
West Indies gained through the
preference on sugar and preserved
fruits and Australia and South At
RIGA benefited from the preference
on dried fruits.
Britain's new general tariff of 10
per cent does not apply to any part
OF the empire until at least Nov. Is.
Where the dominions have grant
ed preference to British goods, they
have been on goods which were
among Britain's major exports to
those countries, and Britain gained
enormously.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-04-14
War PRESIDENT
is PAID TRIBUTE
Wilson EuIogized by Baker
at Washington Tomb.

By United Press
WASHINGTON, April IA. A
eulogy of Woodrow Wilson was de-
livered Wednesday at the war de-
partment's tomb by Newton D.
Baker, secretary of war in the Will
son cabinet.
Mrs. Wilson and a group of Dem
ocrats here for the Jeffersonian
celebration attended the services.
Baker, speaking from small pull
pit before the tomb in Bethlehem
chapel OF Washington cathedral.
referred to Wilson as a great SOL
der" whose doctrines are gaining
wider acceptance.
THE ideals you cherished are still
vital" Baker said, land the happier
world toward which all of our faces
are turned will recognize you as one
Of the great architects of its hope
Others who attended we're Alfred
E. Smith, John w. Davis, James M
Cox, Senator Joseph Robinson, Ad-
miral and Mrs. Grayson and Henry
Morgenthau.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-04-14
BABY'S BODY IS
FOUND IN ALLEY
Infant Believed StrangIed;
Arrest Near, Cops Say.

Body of baby boy, apparently a
victim Of strangling, was found to-
day in an ash can in an alley at
the rear of 101 East Fourteenth
street, and arrest in the case is ex-
pected before night, police state.
DR.. John Wyttenbach, deputy
coroner, expressed a belief the in
FAINT was strangled. The baby is
fully developed, he said, and ap-
peared to have died about five hours
before the body was found by Clar-
ence Johnson, Negro junkman, 1856
Darnell street.
Detectives Stewart Coleman and
Morris Corbin were assigned to the
case.
Police have been told that taxi
cab in which two girls and a man
were passengers was parked in the
alley Wednesday night. Persons liv-
ing near said they heard the cry
ing Of baby about this morning.
A scientist contends that our last
thought before going to bed inf1u-
enceS our sleep.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-04-14

Financial statement of the report
says the department had a bal
ance of $13,950 when the year
ended.
Greatest number Of offenders
placed in charge of The depart
ment we're persons charged with
drunkenness, speeding, reckless
driving and blind tiger.
OF the total of defendants, lat
we're married and separated, 623
we're divorced prior to facing
criminal charges, and 500 we're
single. Fifty-five illiterates were
included.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-04-14
BRITAIN'S new
POLICY ON TRADE
WILL HIT U. S.
Wide Extension of Inter-
Dominion Preference
Policy Planned.
BIZ United Press

BIZ United Press
LONDON, April 14.-Wide extern
sion of the principle of inter-iln-
perial preference is the basis on
which the imperial economic con-
terence at Ottawa probably will at
Tempt to increase inter-empire
trade at the expense of the United
states, and other nations.
Until eighty-seven years ago in
ter-imperial preference was a rul-
ing empire policy. Then Britain
adopted free trade, and, thus. was
unable to grant tariff preferences
10 empire goods because she had
no tariffs.
Other empire countries have led
the way to return to wholesale
empire preference, Canada adopt
ing the principle of giving prefer
entail tariff treatment to British
goods In 1897, followed later by all
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-04-14
ROBBER GIVEN
PRISON Term
Draws 10-Year Sentence
on Plea of Guilty.

Pleading guilty to robbery and
grand larceny charges, William j.
Miller, 80, was sentenced to the
state prison for ten years today by
Criminal Judge Frank P. Baker.
Miller admitted several holdups and
robberies of local stores.
Joseph Newton, Is, pleaded gull
ty to grand larceny and was SEN
fenced by Baker to one year on the
state farm. The youth was freed
by Baker last September after he
had been charged with burglary of
a lunch stand in which he obtained
cigaretS and candy.
Ben Bell, II, Negro, was SEN
fenced one to ten years in the re-
formatory on plea of guilty to
robbery and grand larceny counts.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-04-14

FRANKLIN
Hutchinson Auto Co.. 1880 N. Meridian.
FORD
Beech Motor Sales. 1918 E. 10th.
Browning Gent Auto Co., 1908 N
Meridian.
College Motor Sales. 1911 College
Frank Hatfield, 623 N. Capitol.
C. O.. Warnock, 819 E. Washington st
Roy Wilmeth, 100 N. Meridian.
GRAHAM PAIGE
Hutchinson Auto Co.. 1880 N Meridian.
HUDSON-ESSEX
Grover Winnings. 1925 E. Washington.
Losey Motor Sales. 1887 N. Meridian.
MARMON
Marmon Motor Car Co.. 1887 N. Me-
ridian.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-04-14
Voices Liquor
Repeal Plea
for Women
By United Press

By United Press
WASHINGTON. April 14.-Mrs.
Charles H. Sabin of New York,
IN the name of 631 ,537 members
of the womens organization for
national prohibition reform, i'm
plored a senate judiciary COM
mittee today to end what she
termed prohibitions "upholy al
lance between churches and
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-04-14

+" T h o S e
churches and
the temperance
org a n izationS
which still sup
port prohibition
h a We become,
all unconscious
ly. the chief al
lies and friends
of the outlaw
classes" Mrs.
Sabin declared.
S h e ur G e d
the committee
to act favor
ably On meas
ureS W HIGH
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-04-14
Norma Denies Divorce Plans

HOLLYWOOD, April 14.-Norma
Talmadge. motion picture actress,
will leave tonight for New York and
sail for Paris on vacation trip,
but has no plans for instituting di-
vorce proceedings against Joseph M.
Schenck, her husband, president of
United Aartists, in Europe, she said.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-04-14
THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES
100000 Year Saving by
Probation office Claimed

Use the probation system municipal courts saving taxpayers
" eliminating feeding housing
guarding prisoners probation
a report filed today with judges
their rather the burden