davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1932-01-20

Unusually warm weather this yeal
| has turned many a garden minded
| person to digging industriously IN the
| soil.
How could q gardener help itp
The air had the feel of Spring, the
| temperature was as warm, and even
some of the typical Spring flowers and
| shrubs were in bloom,
1t required real resistance to say to
ones self mo, this is not Spring, and
1 will not go into the yard"
Most men and women with the
hearts of gardeners, although OF the
strict amateur variety, made 1t their
business to make an inspection tour, at
the very least.
If they resisted the lure of the rake
and the call of the spade, they wan
dered around the yard on the lookout
for blossoms.
The ever-faithful Japanese ounce,
whose apple blossom flowers normally
do not show until April, this January
appeared in scores of instances.
A ounce had to be a well matured
specimen, of course, to bloom at TINS
time Tie question has been asked
whether this blooming will finish the
Towering for this year.
NUL dNUlS iIcld nAlJ NhPN4ASAlSS H1Ga
such early blooming, in our amateur
horticultural years, we cannot answer
like an expert, but our guess is that 1t
finishes the blooming of the Japanese
ounce for 1882.
The same may he said of other things
which have bloomed freely. For such
shrubs as have not blossomed freely
there Is a chance that they will bloom
again at the regular time. The true
Bridal Wreath shrub, in some instances.
bloomed for few inches from the tips
of the branches. Unless continued
warmth, at intervals. causes the re-
mainder to blossom, there is every pos
sibility that the entire branch might
time.
The weather makes one want to get
out in the yard and rake the grass, and
SOW seed and attend to the many odd
jobs which every gardener finds to DO
in March In usual years.
Just what would happen If one were
to take the gardening bit in ones teeth
and do all these chores at this time, Is
a lively question for speculation among
those interested in such matters.
Certainly the hardy gardener who
made" his garden now would secure a
tremendous jump on TIE season, II the
weather should continue as open. What
would happen if later we should have
some oId-fashioned Winter is distinctly
another matter.
Take the lawn, for instance. Sup
pose the front yard has turned brown
instead of remaining nice and green,
as most lawns have done.
Here is an individual problem, since
the same grass was luxuriant and thick
all last Summer and only assumed its
present ugly appearance late in the
Fall. While it is an individual prob
lem. it has been duplicated in many
yards.
Is the grass dead? The gardener
ropes not. 1t is, rather, seasonal
variety, something like certain of the
grasses of the Far South. Keeping an
ever green lawn Is something of prob
lem there, owing to the tendency of
some varieties of grass to turn an ugly
color at certain times of the year.
y X \
Whether such grass is through or not
makes little difference; the real prob
lem comes in keeping it green all the
Evening star., 1932-01-20

from 1910 to 1881, while the assessed
valuations trebled and likewise the tax
levy.
Leaving out Altogether the question
of administrative extravaganza and
graft, it has been evident for long
time that New York was really living
beyond its means. 1t adopted new
projects costing immense sums OF
money and borrowed to the limit to
pay for them. 1t advanced salaries
and drew upon a steadily narrowing
exchequer to meet the additional cost
without regard for the consequences.
What wonder, then, that when the time
came for the city to borrow to avoid
financial catastrophe it found It's credit
at the banks SO low that it had to pay
through the nose" for the accom-
modation?
Pride in having the biggest city, the
biggest population. the biggest bud
gets and the biggest tax rolls have had
much to do with the piling up of this
misfortune, which has really little or
nothing to do with the general depres-
sion from which the country is suffer-
ing. That is the plain fact. And also
it is a generally recognized fact that
municipal government in New York
reeks with graft and that strictly
business administration, with all the
"wu4:der boxes" and the other measures
of private enrichment at the expense
of the taxpayers eliminated, would
yield rich results in efficiency and
economy, without any curtailment Of
the programs of worthy public works.
Evening star., 1932-01-20

basis OF first come first served Orig
inally the commission planned to print
5000 sets, but has reduced the order to
5000 at total cost of roundly $780,
600. The nub of the difficulty respect
ing distribution is that if the volumes
are passed out to members of Congress
as issued. shifts in memberships in the
years to come will break the continuity
Of the set. Lame ducks will be clamor-
ing for the subsequent Volumes while
their successors in Congress will be
clamoring for the prior volumes. Sim
liar hazards attach to public sale Who
can tell whether the purchaser of VOL
ume l will live long enough and have
money enough to buy volume 25 when
that distant date arrives?
r *
Crossword puzzle fans usually as
sert that as a release from boredom
and as time-killing device this hobby
Is Enequa!ed. 1t is a striking COM
mentary, therefore on feminine re-
actions to senatorial dullness and
ponderosity that one of the newcomers
to the greatest debating society in the
world, and the first woman ever to be-
come bona fide member thereof
Mrs. Hattie Caraway of Arkansas
observed to keep cross word puzzle
handy on her desk in the Senate
chamber When patience nears the
break king point Mrs. Caraway takes
puzzle and pencil and is seen to alb
sorb herself in its intricacies.
X X 4 x
The transfer from Turkey to Toxic
OF American Ambassador Joseph C.
Grew marks another milestone in the
long and distinguished career of one
OF the countrys foremost professional
diplomats. Cameron Forbes successor
as Ambassador to Japan entered our
Iofelgn service in 1904 at the age of
"a. Mr. Grew has held the Turkish
post since 1927 and established warm
friendship with Mustapha Kemal by
many gracious courtesies not the least
OF which was in initiating Turkeys
MusSollni IN the mysteries of the
american game of draw poker. Upon
the arrival OF the Crews in Toxic the
Japanese Emperor will be charmed to
discover that Mrs. Grew is able to con-
verse with him in the Emperor's own
tongue. for Mrs. Grew spent her girl
hood in Japan, her father occupying
professional post in one of the i'm
perlal universities, and she acquired
a speaking knowledge of the Japanese
language Whlch 1t Is said she still re-
tains. She was Alice de Vermandois
Pefry OF a prominent Boston family.
x X !:
One of the proudest boasts of the
Hoover administration, the tremendous
expansion OF the Airmail Service, was
rudely challenged by Carter Glass, rls-
ing In the Senate Monday to protest
Government extravaganza. we are
literally wasting millions of dollars of
the taxpayers money in the air, the
Virginia statesman observed, and, con-
tnuing in sarcastic vein, he added
We are Subsidizing airmail and yet
nave never received a letter by airmail
that could not have been written three
weeks after l got it. ANY business man
who is in hurry has access to the
telegraph, and If he does not consider
that adequate he has access to the
long distance telephone"
(Copyright, 1922
Evening star., 1932-01-20
New York Is Broke. "

New York City is in financial straits.
1t cannot meet its bills out Of funds in
hand and must go to the banks for
help. Yesterday loan of $l2,500,0 900
for eleven days, with interest at the
rate Of six per cent, was arranged to
exc out a fund of some $34 900 900 re-
quired by Saturday to prevent insol-
vency. This is the highest rate ever
paid by the city, and will entail an in
terest payment Of something like S22 800
for the accommodation. Another loan
will undoubtedly be necessary before
February /, and will probably be as eX-
credit is not as sound as it should be to
command funds from private sources.
Indeed, a feeling something akin to
panic prevails in the country's greatest
center of population. Budget curtail-
ment is Of course, necessary. But bud
get cuts can be made only by special
dispensation OF the State Legislature,
insSmuch as the approved estimates for
the ensuing fiscal year have already
been submitted and can be reopened
only by vote
New York is not only the largest city
in the country but it is the most ex-
penSively administered. Its budgets have
grown enormously, and likewise its
debts. In 1900 the budgets for all the
boroughs combined totaled over $92 600,
600, and for 1881 they aggregated $500,
300 900. The debt limit was $500 ,o00, ,00O
in 1914, and more than billion greater
in 1881. In 1910 the assessed valuations
reached the figure of six and half bill
lions, and nearly three times as much
in 1881. The taXy levy of 1910 was
sl3l ,o0O, 900, and $5l3,o0O, 900 in 1881.
These are enormous figures. So are
the population figures. In 1900 tC
60 TO the earliest date included In
the comparisons just made, there were
3,437,4l4 people in Greater New York
In 1880 the Federal census count was
$3.50, ,446, just about twice as great
as at the beginning of the century
But while the population merely
doubled in thirty years the budget
nearly sextupled. The population in
creased by about forty-three per cen
Evening star., 1932-01-20
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
Superior Wisdom.

Superior Wisdom.
There's pleasant occupation
Which is free from all regrets.
It's the one that shows a nation
How to pay its biggest debts
You just start your thought propeller
Like an airship through the blue,
And instruct some other feller
AS to what he ought to do.
Whatsoever the ambition
That inspires him, day by day,
You can take a high position
And the critics skill display.
Though you seek cyclone cellar,
When your own faults they review.
You can always tell some feller
What he really ought to do.
Evening star., 1932-01-20
Dawes New Job.

The selections Of Gen. Charles G..
Dawes to be president of the $4,000, ,o00,-
900 Reconstruction Finance Corporation
and of Eugene Meyer as chairman Of
the board of the corporation are cal
culated to give the utmost confidence
In the efficacy of this plan for re-
vitalizing American industry and COM
merce. The country has faith in Gen
Dawes and Mr. Meyer. The formers
career has been such as to give him
an intimate grasp of the problem lying
before him. Gen. Dawes served years
ago as controller Of the currency and
later became an important figure in
banking circles in Chicago. During the
In the Army as general purchasing
agent of the A. E. F. He was first
director OF the Federal budget and
author of the Dawes plan for payment
of German reparations, His more recent
public Offices have been Vice President
OF the United States and American
Ambassador to Great Britain. Mr..
Meyer is chairman of the Federal
Reserve Board and has other important
posts in the banking and financial
structure of the Federal Government.
With such directing heads, the new
corporation will be we'll launched.
Much is hoped from the creation of
the Reconstruction Corporation. The
law authorizing the establishment of
the corporation is still in the making,
although the bill has passed both houses
of Congress and is in the conference stage.
AS soon as the differences between the
two houses have been ironed out the
measure will be sent to the President
for his approval probably by the end
OF the week.
With the vigor and punch that have
characterized Gen. Dawes in the con-
duct of his various jobs, the new head
OF the Reconstruction Corporation yes
terday made the comment: Il 90 not
consider this talking job. When we
are beginning on important work, it is
not the time to talk about it and when
we have accomplished the job 1t is not
necessary. That's common sense" 1t
is indeed sense-though perhaps not so
common as Gen. Dawes says.
In q measure, the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation is designed to put
the strength of the Government back
of business and industry in this coun-
try. 1t will provide new avenue of
credit to meet the present emergency,
when it Is necessary to break the ice
Jam Of frozen confidence as we'll as of
frozen credits. 1t is not proposed that
the Government shall give its blessing
TO wildcat schemes, of either finance or
business. But it is the plan to get be-
hind the proper function of industry
In this country.
A great deal may be accomplished If
the holders Of the wealth Of this coun-
try, a considerable part Of which is in
comparatively few hands, will back
their own industrial and commercial
children. There has been too great an
inclination on the part of men of
wealth, responsible for the initiation
and building up of big industrial con-
Germs, TO run to cover instead of giving
strong backing to the very concerns
which they and their wealth created.
Evening star., 1932-01-20

Few Americans realize how much
their Government does for them. Read
ers of The Evening Star can draw on
all Government activities through our
free information service. The worlds
greatest libraries, laboratories and ex-
perimental stations are at their COM
mand. Ask any question of fact and 1t
will be answered free by mail direct to
you. Inclose 2-cent stamp for reply
postage, and address The Evening Star
Information Bureau, Frederic j. Haskin,
Director, Washington, D. c.
@. What are the measurements for a
ping pong table?-R. D.
A. The official ping tables are
by feet. The net Is about inches
high, although there Is no rule cover
ing this.
@. How many hairs are there to the
square inch upon woman's head?-
B. j.
A, A woman with black hair has
about 500 hairs per square inch on the
top of her head, while a blond has
about 760 per square inch, and brown
haired person about $50 hairs per
square inch.
@. Do Federal employees pay income
tax?-B. D. N.
A. The salaries of Federal officers
and employees are subject to the income
tax, except the salaries of Federal judges
and the President of the United States.
Q. Is silk animal or vegetable mat
ter?-R. N. S.
A. Silk is purely an animal product,
since 1t is secretion from silkworms
or the larvae of silkmoths, from which
they spin their cocoons.
@. What Is 'cold light"?-G. H. M.
A. Bioluminescence is often spoken
of as cold light. This does net mean
that no heat is produced, but only that
very little appears as compared with
the ordinary methods of illumination,
which depend on the incandesence of
carbon particles in flames or of wires
through which a current is passing
The light is no different physically from
any other kind of light-it will affect
Photographic plate, can induce chemical
reactions and can be polarized. There
are no infra-red or ultraviolet radia-
tions and no penetrating radiationS are
cisncy-that is, the percentage of the
radiant energy which is visible-is very
high; nearly 100 per cent.
c. What is Roman meal? For what
is 1t useo?-A. K. w.
A. Roman meal is made Of whole
wheat and rye, coarsely ground, to
which is added wheat bran and spe-
cially prepared fiaxseed. Roman meal
is intended for old people, and Is re-
garded as laxative food.
Q. What was Josh Billings real
name?-I. w.
A. Henry w. Shaw. He was bcn
in 1918 and died in 1885. For years
he published an annual known as Josh
Billings Farmers Allninax.
@. How Is persons intelligence
quotient figured?-A. J.
A. The intelligence Quotient, or I.
c., of person Is determined by multi
plying the mental age by 100 and divid-
ing by the actual egg. Thus the intelli-
gence quotient of a normal person Is
100. A person with an I. @. below 80
is rated as subnormal, while one with
an I. q. above 100 is rated as gifted.
@. Are there more naturalized or un-
naturalized foreigners in this country?
p. K.
A. There are many more. who are
naturalized or have applied for citizen
ship. There are almost 100000 nat
uralized, more than 100000 who have
first papers," about 100000 who are
aliens, and about 100000 whose status
is not known.
Evening star., 1932-01-20
Tobacco Tax and Trust
Held Robbing Farmers

To the Editor OF The Star:
The farmers in the tobacco-produc-
ing sections of North Carolina are in
deplorable condition due to the fact
that the average price paid them the
past two years by the tobacco trust for
their crops has been below the cost of
production. Most of the farmers are
irretrievably in debt, are losing their
farms, and haven't the ready money to
buy such necessary staple things as
sugar and coffee.
On the other hand the tobacco manu-
facturers have prospered in spite of
the depression. During the past year
the American Tobacco Co. earned con-
stderably over per cent on its out
standing stock; and for the year ended
December 81 last the Reynolds Tobacco
Co. earned S36,396,Sl7, after deducting
taxes, depreciation, and all charges,
compared with $34,256,664 for 1890.
This prosperity of the tobacco COM
panies is readily explained by the fact
that they paid the tobacco growers of
North Carolina $4,000 900 less for their
tobacco in 1881 than in 1880. and even
in the latter year the farmer hardly
came out even.
The statement has been authorita-
lively made that for the tobacco in $6
worth of cigarettes the distribution Of
this sum is as follows:
United States Government tax. $500
Tobacco Manufacturers. ...... 2.55
Farmers As
Is there any justice In that, and can
any industry stand for long such tax?
There Is limit to the price the manu-
facturer can charge the public for Gig
arettes without cutting down the con-
sumption, so to insure themselves a
profit in view of this tax they agree
among themselves on the lowest pos
sible average price they will pay for The
crop, with the result that the farmer Is
robbed both by the Government and
the manufacturer.
II the Federal Government is to in
sist upon this particularly conf1scatory
tax there should be some legislation
whereby certain percentage of it may
be returned directly to the farmer, as he
appears to be without remedy or redress
for the robbery that is practiced upon
him. While it IS matter for the
State in view of the fact that he Is
utterly unable under present conditions
to pay the taxes on his farm, so much
of his land as Is actually under culti-
vation should be exempt from taxation
for period of years to enable him to
catch up, for otherwise his situation is
hopeless.
Furthermore, Notwithstanding the
fact that the tobacco trust was sup
posed to have been dissolved by. the
decree of the Federal Supreme Court,
there is no competition among the to-
bacco companies in purchasing the
farmers crop. They get around this
decree by agreeing among themselves
beforehand just what they win pay
for the crop. This is in fiagrant Vio-
lation of the Federal antitrust laws,
as we'll as the common law. and could
be easily broken up If there was an
honest, Intelligent and vigorous prose-
cution of them.
ALEXANDER SIDNEY LANIER,
Evening star., 1932-01-20
Plus -Fours for Tommy Atkins.

If a proposal advanced by Lieut.. Gen
Sir Harold Fawcus, director general OF
the Royal Army Medical Service, is
adopted. the British military uniform
will undergo a more radical change
even than that which was made more
than thirty years ago, when the famous
red coats Of her majestys troops were
abandoned. That change came about
during the var in South Africa. The
Evening star., 1932-01-20

Like the good flve-cent cigar men
toned by the late Vice President Mar
SHALL another small but important
thing needed by this country is an ade-
Quate string for a low shoe In our
youth the latter usually had five eye
lets Today the number is six. But
the string manufacturers do not ap-
pear to know about this change.
Evening star., 1932-01-20

Great Britain, news dispatch states,
imported nearly 100000 worth of
American mechanical toys just bofore
Christmas last year. Such an item a
few years ago, before the elimination of
an almost universal model of an mex
pensive automobile, would have called
forth 100 900 "wheczes."
Evening star., 1932-01-20

A member of the British Parliament
suggests that John Bull pay Off some of
his indebtedness to Uncle Sam by build
ing ships for the latters navy. Fine!
Throw in few thousand sailors, too,
John.
Evening star., 1932-01-20

Prince Nicholas Of Rumania has
hoped the fast express for Paris, &C
companied by his former wife Many
will think that both Paris and Bucharest
share equally In good fortune.
Evening star., 1932-01-20
Modern Skill.

What pity We have no artists who
can paint like the old masters" said the
sincere lover of pictures.
But" replied Mr. Cumrox, who had
just acquired a spurious signature, "the
great trouble is that we havel"
Evening star., 1932-01-20

Washington enjoyed two casting"
demonstrations last week. One was held
at the Lincoln Memorial rejecting pool
The other went on, and is still In prog
ress, at Community Chest headquarters
Evening star., 1932-01-20
Specialists in Veracity.

Il like people who speak the truth"
80 do l." replied Miss Cayenne; cal
though confess / am annoyed by those
who can't recognize 1t unless it is some
thing disagreeable.
Evening star., 1932-01-20

If ever a name was expressive of
speed, it is that of Uncle Sans newest
and, thus far secret model of military
plane. Just "XFF."
Evening star., 1932-01-20
Paw Slash Something Else.

Prom the Oklahoma City Daily Oklahoman
Congressman increased their salaries
33h per cent without the formallty of
q roll call, but they cannot even get
roll call on the question of reducing
their salaries.
Evening star., 1932-01-20
Tariffs Possible Fate.

From the Worcester Evening Gazette.
The Democrats have taken the recl-
procity clause out of their tariff bill, ana
the Republicans in Congress, with the
help of the President probably Will take
the other clauses out Of 1t.
Evening star., 1932-01-20
Honor Minus Big PAY.

From the Des Moines Tribune.
If the railroads are as poor as they
claim to be, maybe that man who rose
from $70-a-month clerk to railway
president isn't so much better on
after all
Evening star., 1932-01-20
World Peace Blocked.
Prom the Toledo slass

from the Toledo Blade.
How are We ever going to have per
manent universal peace as long as a
nation here and there demonstrates
every few years that 1t needs licking?
Evening star., 1932-01-20
Comparison

Great theories are like load
OF chemicals, we find,
Which very frequently explode
When carelesSly combined.
Evening star., 1932-01-20

There is at least one comfort left for
the old-fashioned music lover: A violin
cannot be played through derby hat.
Evening star., 1932-01-20

Maybe Elsie Janis new husband will
rot look so tickled when he catches his
bride doing first-class imitation of
him
Evening star., 1932-01-20
Worlds Barber Bill.

From the Duluth Herald.
No matter what the worlds barber
bill aggregates it isn't too much.
Evening star., 1932-01-20
The Felon of Long Ago.

From the Ashland Daily Independent.
Back home in the old times, when
crime was less In the public mind, a
ielon signified something carpenter
had on his thumb.
Evening star., 1932-01-20

Experience is great teacher, but it
takes a lifetime to get the entire course
Of instruction.
Evening star., 1932-01-20
Disarmament in a Nutshell.

From the Altoona Mirror,
Secretary Stimson says the success of
the Geneva Disarmament Conference
depends upon the United States. Yes,
unless we disarm we will not be able TO
get anybody into q fight with us.
Evening star., 1932-01-20
Rate by Carrier Within the City.
Rate by Mail-PayabIe In Advance.
MARYLAND and virginia.
All Other States and Canada.
Member of the Associated Press.

Ehe Associated Press is exclusively entitled
70 the use for republication OF all news dis
patches credited to 1t or nos Otherwise cred
tied in this paper and also the i9cai hews
published herein. All rights OF publication OF
special dispatches herein are also reserved.
Evening star., 1932-01-20
Varieties of Opinion.

Varieties of Opinion.
ut is impossible to please everybody"
Yes" replied Senator Sorghum But
the situation has its advantages. In the
present state of things, 1t is impossible
to say anything, however extraordinary,
without getting applause from some
body"
Evening star., 1932-01-20

More About the Weather.
From the Danbury Evening News.
Another chap who doesn't like this
Winter is the dealer in skid chains