davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1932-05-31
Mrs. Bell Closes Brief Visit
Here and Goes to New York.

Mrs. Charles J. Bell. who has been
the guest of her nephew and niece. Mr..
and Mrs. Gilbert Grosvenor, left today
for New York Mrs. Bells home, Twin
Oaks, has been leased for the Winter
to the Assistant Secretary Of the Navy
and Mrs. David S. ingalls,. Mrs. Bell
spending the season in Europe. Mrs.
Bell spent a brief time at the May
flower and. accompanied by her son,
Mr.. Robert Bell and Mrs. Grosvenor,
went to New York this morning.
Mr.. William Phelps Emo is at the Am
before going to Judah Rock. his Sum-
mer home at Saugatuck, Conn.
Mrs. M. Mckee Reisinger arrived last
evening" by motor from her home,
Berkeley Lodge, at Greenwich. Conn,
accompanied by her younger daughter,
Mary Harrison Mckee. for few days
stay at the Carlton. They came for a
brief visit with Mrs. Reisinger'S older
daughter, Miss Edmee Roberta Relslng-
er, who is a student at the Mount Ver-
non Seminary.
Mrs. Reisinger has many friends here,
where. as Miss Mary Lodge Mckee, she
was presented to society some years ago
by her mother, the late Mrs. James
Robert Mckee, daughter of President
Benjamin Harrison.
Mrs. Lindsay Russell has returned 10
Washington from California and will be
at the Mayf1ower for few days before
opening her home, at 1884 Massachu-
setts avenue.
Mr. and Mrs. William Wallace Chal-
Evening star., 1932-05-31
National Symphony Fund
Aided by Recital Friday.


A benefit recital will be given Friday
evening in the auditorium Of the Cor
don Junior High School to aid the
guarantee fund for the National SYM
phony Orchestra, of which Hans KIM
dler Is conductor. The program will be
given by Ann Sugar, 12-year-old
pianist, and the sponsors for the recital
include Mrs John L. Gable. Mrs. Tracy
Dows, Mrs Joseph M. Saunders, Mrs.
Edward Altman. Mrs. Oliver Bowles,
Mrs. e. B. Greenbaum, Mrs. w. Edward
Denton, Mrs. Frederic Z. harrington,
Mrs Walter Bruce Howe, Mrs. Carl A.
Droop. Mrs. Eugene Byrnes, Mrs.
Charles W. Fairfax. Mr.. and Mrs. Ful-
ton Lewis, Mrs Cecil Clark. Mrs Royal
f. McKenna. Mrs. Miriam B. Hilton.
Miss Mary A. Cryder. Miss Jean Stier.
Mrs. de Beauvais Richards, Miss Minna
8. Adams, Miss Helen Ware and Miss
Mary B. McQuade.
A card party will be given Friday aft
ernoon at 2 O'Clock in the Cleveland
Park Club House at 3433 Reno road for
the benefit Of st. Adams. The COM
mittee In charge includes Mrs. Louis
Eugster, Mrs. A. A. Birney, Mrs. Robert
Morris Richards, Miss Bertha Marsh,
Mrs Warden, Miss Grace Robinson and
Mrs Arthur Carr. Tea will be served
after the card game.
DR.. and Mrs. A. W. Shea have re-
| turned from q few days stay at the
Cavalier at Virginia Beach, where they
went for the holiday.
Miss Gertrude Richardson Brigham
formerly OF the faculty Of George Wash
ington University and now head OF
journalism at Brenau College ir
Gainesville, Ga, is spending today In
Washington, en- route to New York
She will sail tomorrow on the s. s
| Mauretania to 60 to Russia for the
! Summer, where she will write q series
of articles for the Atlanta Constitution
Evening star., 1932-05-31

Of the bridegroom stationed ct Fort
Myer. was best man.
Lieut. and Mrs. johnson win be at
home at West Point, N. Y, after to-
morrow.
Mrs. Mary B. Viewer Of Chicago Is
visiting her sister. Mrs. @. M. Weaver,
and niece, Mrs A. r. George, On Mill
tary road, in Chevy Chase.
Evening star., 1932-05-31
SOCIETY
Mr.. Hoover Honor Guest OF Senatorial
Hostesses at Luncheon Today
at Country Club.

George Christian Ames spent the week
end in Winchester, Va, with ,Mr. G. F.
Massey.
Col and Mrs M Robert Guegenheim
entertained at dinner last evening at
White Sulphur Springs. in honor of
Mr.. and Mrs. A. H. johnson.
Comdr. and Mrs. James Richard
Barry will be hosts at supper party
this evening in their home on Thirty
fourth street.
Mrs McAndrew, widow of Mai Gen.
James w. McAndrew, u s. A., was
hostess at dinner Sunday evening in
honor of Maj. Gen. and Mrs. John l..
Dewitt and Gen. and Mrs. Perry Miles
Mrs. Fred c. Croxton wife Of the
assistant director of unemployment re-
lief, has returned to washington after
fortnight's visit in Whiting. Ind. with
her son, DR.. Frank C. Croxton and his
family, where she was extensively feted
during her stay.
Mr.. and Mrs Fred c. Croxton spent
the week end and holiday in the Blue
Ridge Mountains.
Evening star., 1932-05-31

Miss Dorothy Snyder and Miss
Adelaide Buchholz are spending June
week 1T Annapolis.
Evening star., 1932-05-31

Miss Elsie Butterworth OF Waynes-
boro, Va, was the week end guest OF
Miss Kathryn Thompson.
Evening star., 1932-05-31

Brig. Gen. Frank R. Keefer and Mr..
Evening star., 1932-01-24
BY ALBIN E. JOHNSON.

~ ERLIN.-Although Germany is
l. one of the most vociferous ad-
vocates Of disarmament, actu-
~ ally the proposed international
movement to hammer swords
into plowshares means very little to
her. Disarmed by the Versailles treaty
to a mere shadow of her former self,
Germany looks at disarmament as
means of getting back" at her ex-ene-
mics, especially France and Poland.
! Politically speaking disarmament Is her
best card. Materially considered, the
only thing Germany can expect to get
out of the coming Geneva conference is
the privilege to spend more on arma-
ments than she Is now spending-a
doubtful advantage in the present mo-
ment of financial and economic distress.
Yet that Is exactly what Germany is
going to ask for at the world confer
ence. Berlin statesmen know well that
no European country will disarm pro-
portionately to her level, as they are
pledged to do under the League cove
nant, Locarno pact and even the Yer
sailles treaty. They know, on the other
hand, that lifting the disarmament re-
strictions Of the peace treaty will be one
more wedge into that already badly
cracked document. Anything that leads
to notification is considered worthwhile
to the Germans.
Many Sides to Be Considered.
There are many "niggers" in Ger
many's ornaments wood pile. In 1914,
for example, Germany had an army,
at peacetime strength, of 791 900 men.
When the war broke out she was able to
throw 1922, 900 men into the field in
Is days. An additional 100000 re-
servists were called up in another few
weeks, bringing her fighting force to
100000 men and officers. Her navy,
/ in 1914, was the second largest in the
world. The total tonnage reached !, ,306,-
SIT tons. Her budget in 1913 was
$463 100000 for armaments.
Today Germany's army numbers but
100,500 officers and men. Her navy is
limited to 1896 tons by the peace
treaties. In otheE words her land arm
aments have been reduced TOO per cent
from 1913 and her naval establishment
by about 1000 per cent. Yet her arm
aments expenditures in 1880 were $170,-
00,000, or reduction of SO per cent.
AS has been revealed many times, the
only restriction placed upon the Ger
mans by the victorious allies is guam
titative" one. Her army has been lin
tied in numbers to one-seventh its nor
NAL peace-time effective strength. But
the government spends more money per
man upon her military machine than
any country in the world Each man Is
enlisted for IL years. Each man re-
ceives at the minimum petty officers
training.
Changes to Quality.
AS for her navy, the Versailles treaty
fixes the maximum tonnage of German
warships at 10000. German efficiency
has built the Ersatz Preussen of 10,000
tons displacement, yet equal in fighting
strength to any warship half again her
size in other navies. The cost of the
Ersatz Preussen, or pocket battleship,"
was also double that of any other
built.
For Germany. armament competition
Evening star., 1932-01-24

tempted to win to his banner the un-
questioning support of the Chilean pop
ulace. The texts which had emanated
from Moscow and had been revised for
political purposes in many non-Bolshe-
vik countries were adapted to Chilean
uses. The workers we're recklesSly
promised everything short of paradise
II they would stand by the President.
Even at that time there was consid-
cradle American money invested in
Chile. There were banking and trad
ing houses. There were great copper
mines. There was a sizable interest in
the nitrate business. All of these had
felt the disintegrating influence of the
Alessandri way Of uplifting the lower
classes" All of them had paid tribute
to the expanding spirit Of ineficiency
and dishonesty which frequently made
itself manifest in the transaction of
government business.
With the accession Of IbaneZ to power
and the departure Of Alessandri for
Paris there began new era in the re-
lations Of Chile and American business.
During the ensuing years the invest
ment Of United States money In Chile
has reached total of nearly S750000,-
600. This was due to no pro-American-
ism on TbaneZs part, for the dictator,
whatever his faults may have been, was
essentially patriotic. 1t was due to no
particular pro-capitalism, for Ibanez
Evening star., 1932-01-24
DEPRESSION HAS TAUGHT
VALUE OF COOPERATION
Opened Eyes of Statesmen and Taught
Need for Economic Interdependence.
Latin Republics Hold Conferences.

matte truth that the progress and
prosperity of any one country is in
evitably bound up with the progress and
prosperity of all humanity. 1t could
not be otherwise in an age In which
rapid means of communication, wire
less telegraph, radio, aviation, have
eliminated distances; in an age In
which the machine and the scientific
discoveries of man have doubled the
production not only of mechanical
goods, but also of natural resources; in
an age in which higher standards OF
living are constantly augmenting the
prime necessities of life and, therefore,
making industrially backward coun-
tries as dependent for their finished
products upon the most advanced opes
as these are in turn dependent upon
the former for their provision OF raw
materials and unfinished goods. In an
age, in brief, in which social and po-
litical problems are intimately asso-
ciated with economic considerations,
and in which figures, numbers and sta
tistics are positively writing history.
Just as the evils of the crisis have
rapid,y expanded throughout the
world, Just as the -four horsemen" of
depreSsion-unemploy breakdown
of prices, tax increase and restriction
of credit-have galloped around the
globe, the salutary consequences OF the
crisis have also spread from one con-
tinent to another.
Felt in Latin America.
In Latin America, where economic
conditions appear as difficult as else
where in the world, the movement for
international cooperation - the one
achievement of this depression-is CIV
ing eloquent proofs of its existence.
In a number Of international gather
ings which took place during the year
lust ended this tendency for economic
co-operation among the countries OF
Latin America made itself felt repeat
edly.
Outstanding among these instances
were the plans for the extension OF the
activities cf the International Chamber
of Commerce to Latin America, sub
mitted to the chambers meeting in
washington; the condemnation OF pro-
tective tariffs by Ambassador Malbran
of Argentina before the Foreign Trade
Council In New York and his call for
closer economic interchange, and the
discussions of the fourth Pan-Amer1can
Commercial Conference, in which
rprOmme0OaJlUllS WSIC dppLOFCo 1OA VIC
reduction of customs tariffs and for the
establishment of an inter-American
Federation of commercial associations.
But where the spirit of international
cooperation found its highest express
sion in Latin America during the past
wear was in the revival Of the old idea
of economic unions in that part OF the
world international agreements, by
means of which free trade, and even
econcmic alliances, would be established
among them, were openly advocated
statesmen and editorial writers on the
other side of the Rio Grande.
The most important of these moves
for Latin American economic unions
was. wa of course, that launched by For
s,on Minister Planet of Chile, who
publicly proclaimed the necessity OF
cooperative action on the part Of the
latin American governments, and later
CONTINUED on Fifth Page.)
Evening star., 1932-01-24
Legion i'm Hawaii Leads
In Paid-Up Membership

HONOLULU, Hawaii. Hawaii S
American Degionnaires have been ac-
corded first place among all Ameri-
can Legion departments in percent
age Of paid-up membership, according
to a recent radiogram from the ma
tional headquarters. incidentally, the
Hawaiian department won bet of
case Of pineapples from large
number Of other departments which
thought they would be able to show
better percentage for 1881.
The Hawaiian quota" was 1,721
members and the paid-up member
ship is 1928, considerably better than
the next best. One result of the ex-
cellent showing made by the Hawaii
posts is that the national administra-
ton of the Legion is favoring a post
convention tour in 1882, from Port
land, Ore, where the national assem-
bly, will be held, to Hawaii. Hun
dreds of legionnaires and their fani-
lies are expected to attend this Ha-
Waiian jaunt.
Evening star., 1932-01-24
GERMANS HOPE TO THWART
EX-FOES AT ARMS PARLEY
Already Disarmed, Nation Is Interested
in Weakening Restrictions Set by
Versailles Treaty.

has shifted from size and quantity te
fighting quality.
Those who have access to what goes
on behind the scenes" in Wilhelm
strasse know that the present German
government really does not want to in
crease her armaments at the moment
The economic war" that is being
Waged in Europe Is far too fierce tC
allow dissipation of national resources
on military material, especially since
Germany has definitely discarded force
as an instrument of national policy
The most powerful military machine ir
the world failed to secure her ends In
pre-war days-days when the dlplo-
mats last argument was formidable
army or navy.
Like France, Germany wants 'se-
curity" Under the present political
system, however, she regards Frances
security as her insecurity. Around Ger
many and the eX-enemy states there
has been built up formidable ring OF
steel" Poland, CZechoslovakia, Ru-
mania, Jugoslavia and the Baltic re-
publics have armies totaling several
million men ready to fight the moment
France gives the word. Besides that,
they have furnished France with Sc
ries of aerial bases encircling the mid
European states.
Friendships Mean Little.
The Germans know that it will take
years to build up rival series OF alli-
ances to match Frances. They know
that the friendship of Italy and Russia
Offered for diplomatic purposes by M
Litvinof and Mussolini-means little In
crisis. For this reason Berlin has ac-
cepted everything that Moscow and
Rome has had to offer, but has given
nothing in return. The Bolshevik-
French alliance, just announced, is
proof that Russia cares little for past
friendships. Germany, more than any
other country, has contributed to Mos
cows Development economically. Yet
at the first opportunity the Russians
have turned to the French-for ma
terial consideration. Likewise Italy at
the moment is supporting Germany's
and disarmament. But as soon as Italy
makes peace with France, she will
turn her back on Berlin.
All this Berlin knows. Consequently
she is playing lone hand. Many OF
her demands at the coming conference
will have the support of Russia, Italy,
the United States. Great Britain, too,
now that France has become the ira
ditional enemy" of Napoleonic days, Is
extending aid and comfort to her ex-
enemy.
In international as well as national
life, politics and diplomacy make
strange bed-fellows.
If any further proof were needed as
to the direction Germany's policy will
take at Geneva in February, one might
quote President Hindenburg directly.
The head of the German Republic has
told the world that his country de-
mands one of two things, disarmament
to her level by others or freedom to
effectively arm herself in accordance
with her need of security.
Count Johan Won Bernstorff, who will
be Germany's chief spokesman at the
Geneva conference, has this to say:
Germany will go to the Disarma-
- Continued on Fifth Page)
Evening star., 1932-01-24

syndicate known as the Cosach was
under the fire of criticism, and Amer
lean banks and banking methods were
frequently attacked These affairs
we're perhaps no more than the ordi-
nary run of troubles in the career of
large business undertakings, but they
kept responsible officers hard at work
seeking solutions.
To have added to their uncertainties
the infinite possibilities Of revolution,
elections and new government OF un-
known character and philosophy nat
urally aroused both hope and appre-
henSion in their minds.
These feelings we're intensified rather
than allayed by the fact that on its
journey eastward the train of the for
mer President Ibanez passed another
train bearing ccterie as elated as his
own was gloomy. Among the first to
feel the weight Of prescription under
the Ibanez regime had been Don Ar
turo Alessandri, his family and inti-
mate retainers Now the presidential
predecessor of Ibanez was on his way
back to the homeland to serve his
country in any way he could persuade
it to allow itself to be served.
Alessandri, as his name suggests, is
of Italian extraction. He has marked
flair for oratory, which he finds it diff
cult to control even in private conver-
sation, Back in the early '20s he at
Evening star., 1932-01-24

was solicitous for the welfare of the
labOring classes. But he went about
assisting them in much saner and a
much less oStentatious way than Ales-
sandri. He promised less and delivered
considerably more.
The increase in American investments
in Chile during the Ibanez regime was
due rather to the fact that his gov
ernment was essentially the represen-
tation of the bourgeois mentality. 1t
was the first expression in the political
life of Chile of the growing power Of
a real middle class which is interested
In such homely things as peace and
progress and prosperity and the crea-
ture comforts that go with them. On
the part of such people there Is no
objection to an influx of American
capital, provided II comes on reasonably
it raises the standard of living; 1t in
creases profits; it enhances national
wellbeing, and, If it does not become
arrogant and attempt to dictate, why
should 1t not be welcome?
Generally speaking, American capital
in Chile has met the conditions of its
welcome. Our stake in the country to-
day represents large part of its &C
tive capital, entailing responsibilities of
considerable weight upon both Ameri-
can business and the American Govern
ment. Thus far these responsibilities
have been met with an unusual degree
of general satisfaction.
Outstanding both as to its magnitude
and the amount of criticism directed
at 1t Is the American interest in the
nitrate industry. Nitrate has long been
vital element in Chilean national
life. Even with vigorous white popu-
lation and the good fortune which
prompted the United States to cut a
canal through the Isthmus of Panama,
and thus bring her into the modern
world, Chile might still have remained
small and unimportant agricultural
country. Within her original bound
aries she could have provided the
necessaries of life for her people and
with the expectation of some copper
could have purchased occasional
luxuries.
But the strain of Araucanian Indian
blood seems to have stimulated the
conquistadorial tradition in the Span
ish heritage. When 1t was discovered
that there were rich nitrate deposits in
Atacama Province. then belonging to
(Continred IN Fourth Pape1
Evening star., 1932-01-24
BY GASTON NERVAL.

NHY old philosophy teacher used
M to say with deserving con-
V stancy: There is always some
1 i good in everything" ana
then, he would go on explain
ing how, out of the most harmful nap
penings, out of the worst situations, a
certain amount Of good Is bound 10
emerge. He used to stress the fact tnat
at the bottom of all crises, no matter
how discouraging they might appear
hide some valuable lessons In expert
ence, which may mend in time tne
wounds and losses suffered.
He was, Of course, talking OF moral
crises. At most Of political crises. But
he could just as we'll have been REFER
ring to economic crises. AS time goes
on, and things and theories become
measured more and more in terms OF
economics, the wisdom Of that principle
appears clearer to me.
In the crude realities Of economic
life, the value of those teachings which
every major crisis brings along is even
more evident than in the realm OF in
tangible philosophy. Because they ex-
press themselves in material terms,
from seeming evil still educing good,
! as the poet wrote.
! reluctant 10 Believe Coca.
When say major economic crises"
the reader knows, of course, that 1 am
talking Of the present worldwide de-
preston. AND he will probably be re-
| luctant to believe that anything at all
good could be derived from this period
of distress which seems to have over
shadowed the memory of all previous
| ones.
Yet, however skeptical the reader
may be, he will have to admit the
benefits OF at least one phenomenon
which is consequence of the present
crisis: The realization by the leading
nations on earth that economic inter-
dependence is the predominating law
today. And the conclusion, thereof,
that international cooperation is the
best way out of these embarrassing and
| trying times.
This Is the virture Of the present de-
| preston: 1t has opened the eyes Of
the worlds statesmen and taught them
the value OF cooperative action. Per-
haps time will prove this to be a re-
alization worthwhile the rigors and bit
ternesses of the crisis.
Examples of Cooperation.
The combined action of the United
states, Great Britain and France to
save Germany from collapse; the as
sistance given by the United States
and France to help Great Britain in
her financial difficulties; the confer
ences OF European and United States
government ofnclals in London, Paris
Rome, Berlin: the visits of Premier
Laval Of France and Foreign Minister
Grand Of Italy to Washington: etc,
are outstanding instances of that spirit
of cooperation which in the last few
months seems to have opened a new
era in international relations.
But where this trend for a united
economic action has been most EN-
phatically stressed is in congresses and
conferences recently held to develop In
ternational trade.
Out OF these conferences has come
stronger than ever the almost axio-
Evening star., 1932-01-24
Canadians Quit U. S.
To Return to Dominion

OTTAWA, Ont.-The tide Of emf
grafton which once flowed into the
United States from Canada at a rate
as high as $4,000 Canadians year
now has turned back into Canada,
according to figures released by the
federal department of immigration
and colonization. In the first seven
months of 1892, ended in october,
1881. 1854 Canadians have returned
to Canada from the United States, and
with them have come 1o,186 Ameri-
cans
A total of 1890 persons came to
Canada in the first seven months OF
the present fiscal year, as compared
with 77,544 arrivals in the correspond
ing year of the previous fiscal year
This represents q decrease of rs per
cent. OF the arrivals for the seven
months, 1896 were women and chill
dren, mostly the dependents Of set
tiers already established In Canada.
Evening star., 1932-01-24
POLITICS In CONFIRMING
JUSTICES is INCREASING
Appointments Made by Roosevelt and
Later Presidents, However, Have Dis
regarded Such Considerations.
BY MARK SULLIVAN.

~ RESIDENT HOOVER has had
- on his shoulders the last week
/ (among how many, many really
l. titanic burdens) what is, on the