davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1932-02-26

tinuous prosecution, there remains Of
the group for undertaking only this
Apex Building, the completion Of the
internal revenue structure and the unit
which will replace the former Southern
Railway Building and make union with
the District Building, to complete the
Twelfth streets sector.
To postpone the Apex Building will
mean to leave conspicuously incomplete
the eastern sector Of the triangle group.
1t will involve a delay Of at least a
year on the smallest unit of the entire
group. The Tenth Twelfth streets unit
on Pennsylvania avenue cannot be un-
dertaken until the new post office is
completed. Delay in that case is un-
avoidable. The estimate for the begin
ming of work on the Apex Building dur
1t would probably prove to be direct
economy to make that appropriation
now rather than delay it. Building
costs are doubtless as low now as they
will be for some years to come, perhaps
at the lowest point for a decade.
AS for the remodeling of the State
that is a work that can
be undertaken at any time, without re-
gard for the housing needs Of the Gov
ernment. 1t is desirable eventually, and
indeed as soon as the state Of the
Treasury permits, to effect this trans
formation to cause the structure to
harmonic with the Treasury and thus
to improve the appearance of the
white House group" That is an artis-
tic consideration, quite different from
the need for the completion of the Mall
Avenue constructions as speedily as pcs
sible Every year lost in the work OF
building means further outlay for rents
and additional cost in lowered efficiency
Of administration. The restoration OF
the Apex Building item to the appro-
priation bill would be a measure Of the
surest economy.
Evening star., 1932-02-26
Short Selling Cause
OF Diminished Values

To the Editor Of The Star:
Your editorial in the February 20
issue of The Evening Star, on the sub
ject of "Curbing Short Selling" has
been brought to my attention by Con-
gresham James L. Whitley and have
read same with a great deal of interest.
just happen to be one of thousands
who have come to the conclusion that
short selling Is one of those unnecessary
evils which have exercised very power
full influence not only in bringing down
security prices but also, both directly
and indirectly. in bringing about bank
failures and consequent suffering and
lack of confidence throughout the whole
country.
We are today engaged in a great
Nationwide effort to get people to in
vest their money. instead of boarding
it, but the question naturally arises as
to why any one should put money into
securities when, under the law, bear
operators, having no financial interest
in these securities. are privileged to,
openly as we'll as secretly, maneuver to
destroy values
Any one at all familiar with the situa-
ton could write pages on the evil effects
resulting from short selling, but in the
long run the question as to whether or
not 1t will be stopped will probably be
settled on the question Of whether or
not it is right or wrong. and 1t seems
to me that the whole thing can pretty
nearly be summed up in the following ::
Whoever adds to the value of property
generally or increases confidence per-
forms a service to mankind. while he
who destroys values or confidence in
lures mankind"
The short sellers only interest in a
short sale is to make profit, and that
profit can only be realized by de-
creasing value Therefore, it Is essen
TALLY true that short sales are designed
to and actually do decrease values and.
accordingly short seller is injuring
mankind, and his activities should be
prohibited for the good of the country.
With kindest regards and trusting
that the efforts of our leaders in Con-
gress to prohibit short selling will be
crowned with success, I am,
Rochester, N. Y. M. F. PRATT.
Evening star., 1932-02-26
WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS

ed out he was not a Communist. Dear
Old Jim. You cannot feaze him.
Senator Edward P. Costigan Of Colo
RADIO started in life as q Republican,
but his propensities for reform got tne
upper hand. Deprived of seat in the
Colorado Legislature, to which ne had
been elected as a Republican back in
1902 he organized the Honest Elections
League. He followed that with the Law
Enforcement League, became attorney
for the Anti-Saloon League and chair
man Of the Dry Denver Campaign Com
mittee. He organized the Direct
Primary League and the Direct Legis-
lation League of Colorado and became
president of the Civil Service Reform
Association of Denver. Then he
organized the Citizens party When
Teddy Roosevelt bolted in 1912, the
crusading Costigan became "a founder"
of the Progressive party and its
candidate for Governor. He entered
the Democratic fold in 1916, supported
Wilson in that year on the issue of He
Kept Us Out Of War" and was re-
warded with a place on the United
States Tariff Commission. This year
Senator Costigan, according to latest
reports. is ready to support Franklin D.
Roosevelt for the presidency.
DR.. Joseph Irwin France Of Mary
land. Mr.. Hoovers only declared rival
for the Republican nomination, whose
one-man campaign for the presidency
is making a hardly perceptible ripple
on the political waters, enjoys the
further distinction of having been the
onlv member of the United States SEN
ate in 1922 to vote against the ratifica-
ton of the Washington Naval Treaty.
that placed a limitation on capital
ships and set up the now famous ratio
of 5-5-3 for the navies of the U. S.,
England and Japan. DR.. France de-
nounced the treaty for the same rea-
sons and In virtually the same language
as employed by the senatorial opponents
of the London Naval Treaty of 1880,
Messrs. Hiram Johnson ct al The big
navy crowd today agree that from their
viewpoint Dr. France was right and
they were wrong in 1922.
Tourists in Washington who stream
through the Capitol Building on every
pleasant Sunday take quite for granted
the fact that the building is open on
Sunday. 1t was not always so. David
Lynn, Capital architect, recalls vividly
his first visit to Washington as a boy.
and how, when his father took him to
the Capitol on Sunday, they found the
building locked up tighter than a drum.
The lad was disappointed and quite
worked up about it. So when, many
years later, Mr.. Lynn found himself
the custodian Of the building almost
his first official act was to order that
the Capitol be opened to visitors on
Sunday. Now that is the busiest day
of the week for the Capitol guides.
(Copyright, 1922
Evening star., 1932-02-26
Tear Gas to Rout
Birds Is Harmless
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Edtor Of The Star:
Lovers of birds, starlings included,
can rest assured that the recent at
tempt to rout these Winter sojourners
from the frieze over the Fox Theater
entrance was made with the definite
knowledge that the birds would suffer
no injury from the tear gas. The ex-
pertinent was made in the hope that the
tear gas would drive them to another,
less conspicuous roosting place.
The writer used q short-range tear
gas riot-gun shell that shoots only
cloud Of tear gas, and two hand gre
nades. This created huge concentra-
tion OF tear gas in the semi-circular
recess over the marquee at the theater
entrance. The disturbance flushed the
starlings. sending them to the coping Of
buildings across the street, but before
we could get down of the building they
were back again on their old roost.
They returned to their home while the
tear gas cloud was still visible in the
recess.
In perfecting tear gas for police and
protection work the testing laboratories,
including the Federal Government, ex-
perimented with animals and birds to
determine its effects. Exposures were
made in excessively heavy concentra-
tions Of tear gas and the subjects exam
ined periodically. None of the subjects
showed any high irritation other than
a slight increase in the flow of tears.
There was no excessive irritation OF the
conjuctival surfaces or the lungs. The
subjects did not develop any respiratory
infection and gave no evidence of any
damage to the respiratory tract. They
continued to have normal appetite and
maintained normal body weight. From
fhaeA tAQtc n iS cafa tn conclude that
when used in this concentration (heavy)
tear gas will be entirely harmless to the
human"
In the early stages of tear gas de-
velopment ornithologists anticipated
using 1t 10 confuse migratory birds to
facilitate their capture for marking
purposes. but 1t was found that they,
while probably weeping copiously, de-
parted for their ultimate destination in
spite Of the tear gas. 1t would prob
ably be possible TO make a particular
place untenable for starlings by re-
peatedly gaSsing them, but such proc
ess would be entirely too expensive as
well as tedious.
1t Is definitely known now that one
dose is not shfficient TO evict them and
tear gas. 80 far as the starlings are
concerned takes It's place with fire
hose, smudge pots, burning rubber and
ingenious mechanical contrapuons ac-
tuated by the wind.
The effect OF tear gas on humans is
two-thirds physiological and one third
physical It completely distracts the
mind from q predetermined objective
and causes a person to instinctively
avoid it. The only person afraid of
tear gas Is the person who has never
been exposed to it, yet those constantly
working with it realize, with increasing
respect, its value as police or de-
fensive weapon. ROBERT F. JONES.
Evening star., 1932-02-26
Jingoes Will Surely Bring
Japan to Bitter Defeat
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor OF Ihe star.
Senator J. Hamilton Lewis has been
broadcasting the yellow peril" to Mid
die Westerners for the past two dec
ades. He has had the United States
fighting" Japan ever since the Span
ish-American War, but he and his ilk
are always careful to keep away from
the firing line in all these wars, real
and imaginary. You will recall that
ex-Mayor Bill" Thompson. of Chicago
spent most of his campaign speech
periods In lambasting King George V
of England. who is very pacifistic
sort OF gentleman and much less to
be feared than the 'patrioteers," who
usually have some profit or honor to
be gained by waving the flag so
Vociferously.
The fact seems to be, sad to relate,
that the jingoists Of all nations have
been one of the prime causes of war
The jingoists are now ION top" in
Japan, but that doesn't mean that
Japan will gain in the long run by her
militaristic tactics. The world may
be slow to speak, but when it does
act Japan will repent in sackcloth and
ashes, figuratively if not literally
When a nation loses the confidence of
the world, and trade starts to go down.
hill. with scared capitalists of the other
nations fearing to grant further war
credits, then Japan will realize that she
has something more serious than a
PROSTATE China to oppose her. Loss
of confidence abroad will mean event.
ually revolution at home. No more
wars will be fought by any militaristic
nation without a civil war at home.
In other words, revolution will accom-
pany or closely follow the war.
The common people are getting too
wise to be further deceived and will
take steps to protect their own
interests.
Russia, Germany, France and Aus
tria- Hungary were well prepared for
what happened in 1914. They prepared
for war, and got just what they re-
pared for. The Scandinavian nations,
Holland, Spain, Switzerland and others
did not prepare for war and took no
active part in the so-called World
War Japan apparently prepared for
war with Russia in 1904. Russia was
defeated, but Japan lost most of the
profits" involved in that war, due to
of the United States and
other neutrals. The same will hold
true of other nations here
after. Neutral nations will not allow
any Varlike nation permanently to
profit through war. War is outlawed
and the aggressor must pay the penal
ties. What are those penalties? We
shall see shortly. S. r. RANDELL.
Evening star., 1932-02-26
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
Original Big Navy Man.

Original Big Navy Man.
The archeologists take note
OF why Old Noah built the boat.
And show just how it came to happen
His family all called him "Cap'n."
Now Noah was quite rough and ready
His arm was stout, his nerve was steady
So much had come beneath his care
That living things most everywhere,
When times were going helter skelter
Would look to him for food and shelter.
The wicked neighbors often sneered
At one who should have been revered
Because Of money that he lent
To meet their need when they had spent
All their resources and more, too,
On fireworks, fights and burlecue.
AS Cap'n Noah viewed the sky
He said with a determined eye.
I'm fond OF doves and olive branches
But We'll need more for these here
ranches.
with rough speech don't be discon-
tented.
The classics had not been invented.
I'VE must DO something" he exclaimed,
And while I hitherto have aimed
To be of help to -neighboring nations,
must protect my own relations.
So, gals and boys, say, by gravy,
We've got to get ourselves a navy!"
They soon made ready for the sail,
About that ark you've heard the tale,
How Noah landed and proceeded
To give this earth the help it needed
Though once, when in a chilled con-
dition,
He quite forgot his prohibition,
For passing faults we should not scan
The record of this wise old man
Who toiled with strong and generous
heart
To give mankind another start.
Evening star., 1932-02-26

There Is to be no boycott Of Japa-
nese goods. It must be recognized,
however, that there is nd way Of COM
pelling one woman or a million women
to buy materials concerning which a
silent mental objection has been regis
tered.
Evening star., 1932-02-26
Hoch. Hitler

Adolf Hitler, head of the "Nszis." or
Socialist party, aspires to the
presidency OF Germany. But he happens
to have been born in Austria and under
the law he is ineligible for that prefer
ment. The German law, however, is
not as rigid in respect to the require
ment of eligibility In this regard as Is
Evening star., 1932-02-26

In an era Of strange rumors it will
be remarkable If some vigilant student
OF the world map does not try to at
tach the expulsion of the Chinese from
Mexico in some sinister way with the
old rumor that the japanese contem-
plated colonizing the peninsula of
Southern California.
Evening star., 1932-02-26

Having looked Georgia over, John
Garner decides that it is not worth his
solicitude, as his chances would be about
that of a SNOWFALL in the region which
he has assisted Charles Dawes in max
ing famous
Evening star., 1932-02-26

Russians who are using "Old Man
River" as a sympathy song suggesting
race oppression are now studying East
ern Asia with the Yangtze Kiang in
mind as the scene of the latest and
greatest human sorrow.
Evening star., 1932-02-26

A deficit in a county treasury is a
problem in finance that can be studied
promptly and solved A deficit in a
national treasury deals with bigger fig
ures and is, therefore, more difficult.
Evening star., 1932-02-26

Theorists who suspect that this ex-
traordinary weather is caused by con-
slant activity Of wireless communica-
ton are assigning to radio credit for
being more useful than entertaining.
Evening star., 1932-02-26
The French system.

From the Toronto (ontario) Daily Star.
Every time France wants to write a
different kind Of letter on reparations
from the one she sent last the govern
ment resigns and a new. ministry sends
q new letter.
Evening star., 1932-02-26

While looking for objections to Amer
lean conduct, the japanese may yet see
flt to object to the sympathy expressed
by the Lindberghs for the flood suffer-
ers in China.
Evening star., 1932-02-26
Harassnent.

From the GAINESVILLE Daily Gazette.
Winston Churchill says "the world
today is ruled by harassed politicians. +"
Sometimes We think they are not
harassed enough to see what the public
wants
Evening star., 1932-02-26
Member Of the Associated Press.

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled
TO the use for republication of all news dis
patches credited to it or not otherwise cred
tied in this paper and also the local news
published herein. All rights of publication Of
special dispatches herein are also reserved
Evening star., 1932-02-26
Chauffeur Shaw.

From the Hamilton (Ontario) Spectator. :
George Bernard Shaw, whose car up
set in ditch, now will be able to give
first-hand impressions of the sensations
IF all apple cart.
Evening star., 1932-02-26
A Wise Doctor

From the Sioux Falls Daily Argus-Leader.
The doctor who told Congressman
that they are overworking can now
receive, perhaps, any appointment he
desires.
Evening star., 1932-02-26
The Day of Reckoning.

From the Nashville Banner.
Japan seems to be having q lot of
fun out of the war at the moment. but
all we ask is that itAN4it around until
the time comes TO paS for It,
Evening star., 1932-02-26

A motion picture player is accused by
his wife OF throwing book at her. The
custard pie had its advantages as a
missile.
Evening star., 1932-02-26
The Thumb Sign.

From the Hamilton (ontario) Spectator.
The original free wheeling device, de-
spite all claims OF rival manufacturers
was an upturned thumb.
Evening star., 1932-02-26
Mental Occupation.

AS wondrous days go swiftly by,
They bring so much to think about
1t sometimes almost seems that
Must cut the cross word p zles out.
Evening star., 1932-02-26
A Double NEGATIVE.

from the Boston Evening Transcript.
war that isn't may mean thousands
Of lives that aren't. -
Evening star., 1932-02-26
The Evening Star Newspaper Company

BUSINESS OuCe.
18th St and Pennsylvania Ave.
New York once: ITO East 42nd st.
Chicago Once: Lake Michigan Building.
European once: IA Regent 81, London,
England.
Evening star., 1932-02-26

Some folks" said Uncle Eben, talks
perience and others because dat style
o. conversation seems ID qpe kind o.
fashionable at present." HL
Evening star., 1932-02-26
Pairs of Pests.

From the Toledo Blade
Nothing raises the bristles on sales
resistance more than two go-eetters
working together.
Evening star., 1932-02-26
Training for a Career.

I'VE have a strangely limited supply
Of patriotic tunes" said the captious
citizen.
That is as it should be-" answered
Senator Sorghum. In preparing for
my public career it was quite enough
to be obliged to study law and eco
nomics, without feeling obliged to take
music lessons"
Jud Tunkins says there's at least one
good excuse for professional pugilist.
He won't fight unless he gets paid for
it good and plenty.
Evening star., 1932-02-26
Rate by Carrier Within the City.
Rate by Mail-Payable In Advance.
MARYLAND and virginia,

All Other States and Canada.
Evening star., 1932-02-26
No Empty Dream,

= No Empty Dream.
I'm for veracity inclined;
Yet as the news, I view,
wish I could wake up and find
Most of 1t isn't true
Evening star., 1932-02-26
Expense and Literature.

After all, reading offers the least
expensive entertainment"
Il can't see 1t that way" said Mr.
Meekton. Henrietta is buying Moth
ing but fashion publications
Evening star., 1932-02-26

War ends no argument" said HI
Ho, the sage of Chinatown. When q
man faithfully believes he is right, you
cannot convince him he is wrong, even
by killing him"
The Washington times., 1932-12-07


SMITH. Mollie j., A. $S5.3s.
WILTSIE, c. r., Sc. 5000
DAyIR, Az EebeTGs r.. SO so, s2"'' ~
.l52ss; S. SIS i; SO, 1919; ~,
ES6.75; SSs. $S6.S4: $50. s25.45 $40,
DAVID. Levi II. So, s1oOas; SaS,
STEIN. Charles j, So. s252,S5; So7,
BOWLING. James c.. "a, sss52.
KENT, Frances Carroll and Daniel and
Aioysus Carroll S%7. S24.4l.
CONTELLA, Anton T.. S41. $35.A.
PENNESTRI. Marie, S55, $SsS7.
SWINDELL, E. C. and Karine, S5S,
FENToN. Elizabeth ", sss. :441s.
LEVERONE, Frederica. S94, $13S.H.
lSEMANN, Ala, b. $33.36.
SQUARE 51s
PALMER. Lucy. Ss. $13151.
BkALOCK; Richard +. and Luebiriie'
MITCHELL, Eugene B., "a, 147.s1.
BURNS, John S. and John H., 73. S132.55.
SQUARE $40
LEWIS; ;y.S; William and EImIra c. g.
HENRY. Newport F.. 81. s2asA
HICKS. Corne.ia F.. 65, $53.16.
HYSON. EstelIe r., 75, 5000.
CRAWFORD, John Henry. -, S7E IS.
GIBBS, Ferrol and Lillian. 81, s79,51.
SABBS, Fred A. and Lena, IS. a3s 80.
MINAHAN, Margaret j, SO, Ioos3.
GREEN, James A. and Leah c.. rs,
MfNAHAN. Margaret .m. "1,uI
The Washington times., 1932-12-07

Continued on Next Pasa'
The Washington times., 1932-12-07


SQUARE SG7
BUTLER. Emma. &c. $777S.
ROUT. {. B., II. si52ssO.
ELLIS, Arthur. SO4. $118.11.
PUGH. William S. sos, $130.52
GREEN. william. and Mamie Green
Wilson; S2S. $3.50. ,,
H., F. s1s2.43.
SQUARE Sss
KING. Charles W.. IT,. II. $l76S9.
MANCuSO, Luciano and Guiseppino 81.
sHUGHRUE. John, lis. &1OaSs: 12l,
HE'LL. kathryn b. 147. &cc3.sl.
WEDEMAN, George f. and Ella E., SO7.
S9%.GO.
FRASER. James, $40, $500.
GERACI, Mamie, S5S, $l2.9A.
SQUARE SS9
ACHER. Luther A, 2S. $3.50
SMOOT. Luther r. S22. $3.50.
ROUT. C. b., S25. $500.
WILTSIE, c. H.. S26, $500.
HUNTER. Emma M. S31. $2O2.6S.
OWNER UNKNOWN. SAT, 1886.
$40. $3,33O.75.
SQUARE $40
KREssIN, Robert and Ida. s24 SINS.
RYON. Norman E. S25. $S211.
KEEFER. Arthur c., S34. $79O4.
SQUARE S7l
GRAVES, Florence A" f. SIPS as: F.
zANTzlNGER PROPERTIES, INC, l.
SQUARE s72
KING, Charles w. jr" -, s5Ss.I1; s19,
St36.12.
BRYAN. Joseph H., ~. 1I4oSS; sol
iSl5.91.
Washington Journal., 1932-03-04
Bon Der Yrad,t i'm YaInit oeS
3aren.

Sin englif9er 3eiIenber, benz e
flr3li9 geitattet purbe, Die 3uren>
palGfe gu beli9tigen, rntnirft in eiz
ner 3eitf9rift cine begetfterte S9iIz
berung Der pradt, bic ii4 ibm gebo'
ten bal. @elbf penn man NIT rei9>
1fer @inbilDungsfraft begabt III
meint er - fam man fi9 taum einc
@oriteGung bappn MAIDEN. nit mel.
dem Slang unb tpelAem Gugus elm
ruFif9sr Serrf9er umgeben 1T.
@tible unb Slide aus ma6ipem
@ilber, sbronieHel aus glfenbein,
nit 8rindnten unb SapbtIen iibers
reid. ber3iert, gauge Wdnbe aus
8ernitein, 6uBbDben aus perlmutter
- bies allies finbet man, 10 mGrs
9enbaft es aud tlingen mag, i'm
palait bes 3aren. Sn ben gebeiligz
ten Mdrern bes &reml in Mnstan
fam man ni9t nur aabllofe &rpnen
unb @3epter benunDern, fo9dr bic
@ef6irre Der Staatsfarofen, bis
6dttel unb Steigbiigel inb mis-
@belTteinen bebedt. BORT felt man
Sunberte BON toitbaren S4pertern,
Golden uni anberen Waffen, Die
bu6Ifdbli9 nit perlen. &ubinen unb
SirfiIen iiber1Gt Iinb. Seltene Tape<
ten, punberbares poraeaan BON
@epres unb Sapan, u~nbe5ahlbdre,
antife Manuftripte, iutpelengez
f9miidte 8u9bedel ~ bies finb muir
fpenige Der @egenitdnOe, bic in ben
apDlf palditen bes 3areR nit edit
fDnisli6sr @eri4penbung berumges
itreut finb.
Washington Journal., 1932-03-04

dro nit ben Ddnen bia th riel ;
qut qepeien. 9t6er 0as QutO III;
bod an g 6er5 gelpa1 EN-"
n6offentli9 perOeu Did bic @G.
men etiDas entbe6ren."
n0ie?" &urt ladte. ,Sn anen
bdnifden 8ldttern BADEN lie mid
I6Is@t gema6t, neil i9 gu qrOtotoa
CAB, oaB Der jiitii9e 8engel alf MIDI
gei9ohen bat. Sd babe i'm ia nod
am 0ege nit ieiner alien. 9Onnerz
bii6ie Ite6sn Iebsn. Nber er mar naz
tiirli9 auf INNER peridpunOen, unO
bic bdnii6e prefe bebauptet, i6 battle
lire Nationdlitdt beleiOigt, benin nur
bic OeutTden pGren W}eudelm0rOer
unb Strau9biebe. 9as mar Der
Dant fir meme freun0li9e 8e6uno>
lung Der unterlegenen Ydrtet. Nber
er bat mir nidt geI9abet; i'm @egen>
tbeil: bic 9eutiden limb nod gum
S9luB iebr freunoli9 gepeien uno
BADEN mir elm NbenoeFen in 9aiteoe
9egeben. paitpr &leinert unb Sntel
SerOinanb tparen aud babel unO
!9err Dilper fpGre ieOenfaGs getomz
men, fpenn ni9t gerabe bic @ei9i6te
nit ieiner Trau paiiirt pdre."
yMit Ieiner 6rau2" pieoerbolte
&lGre; dber bd rauf6ten 3pei Oa>
men beran, bic @rdfin WarfopiB nit
tbrer So6ter M}arte @leonore, unp
&lGre purbe in aGer 5orm bprgeiteat,
burfte Der Glteren @rGfin Die Sano
tiiKen unb bic jiingers als tiinftige
@Ouiine begriiBen.
&urt mar iebr lebbaft unb better
geporOen. 8ieuei9t Elm tpenia gs=
8pungen, fpie 8lGre oa9te, aber tie
fonnte fi9 aud tdui9en. unb M2aric
@leOnore fab fie aus 10 freunoli9en
blauen Iuger an, baB tie pIOBlid al
Giet6en benfen muBte unb an ibre
2ie5li6feit. Nber 8urt mar fem
rdtbielbafter 4rel 6elmtron: er mir
be ii9 ebrlid bemiiben, feline fleine
6rdu gliidli6 gu MAIDEN, unb duss,
mas an ibm nod jugenbli6 unb ur=
reif mar, piirbe BON ibm abfdqen unb
fetn ebel unD bprne6m an9eleqter
Gbarafter piirbe INNER me6r gum
Worf9ein fOmmen.
(S6luB foIgt.)