davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1932-03-27
TARIFF BLAMED In DRIFT
OF INDUSTRY TO CANADA
High Duties Follow Vain Attempts for
Acceptable Terms, Causing Exodus
of American Factories.

fruits and vegetables from the British
West Indies. The best customer OF the
United States is being lost.
Americans who may be puzzled over
Canada's retaliation against the United
States may have their bewildernent
removed by a study of trade and
tariff developments during the past II
years.
Benefited Both Countries.
Canada was one of the first coun-
tries to take advantage of reciprocal
features of the Wilson, Underwood
tariff. During the war and in post
war years Canadians built up an enor-
nous export business with the United
States, particularly in live stock and
farm products. This trade was bene-
fetal to both countries, for, although
Canadians found the United States a
ready and profitable market, they
bought in return an increasing volume
Of American manufactures. The bal
ance of trade, in fact, was heavily in
favor of the United States, this shown
by the following table of imports and
exports:
Evening star., 1932-03-27
BY M. GRATTAN OLEARY.

r.; :; E;:;; E: e;
States II was To the effect
Evening star., 1932-03-27
BY THOMAS III. HEALY, Pm. D.

Assistant Dean and Professor Of Foreigl
Relations, Georgetown Foreign Service Schoo
Evening star., 1932-03-27
BY GASTON NERvAL.

a senatorial in
- vestigation which abounded in
front page disclosures, it has
l. been proposed in the Upper
Evening star., 1932-03-27

Purchases Reduced.
Mr.. Bennett achieved his ends. In
one year, 1881, he cut Canadian pur-
chaseS from the United States by more
than a quarter of a billion dollars.
Nor is Mr.. Bennett satisfied with
merely checking American imports. He
went to England, offered England in
creased preferences; demanded an
Empire Economic Conference at Ot-
tawa. 1t will open its sessions on July
18 and, backed by a British govern
ment which has abandoned the historic
British policy of free trade, it is ex-
pected to succeed.
Already, England has offered Canada
a wheat quota, a secured market for
a large portion Of the Canadian wheat
crop, has exempted Canada and the
other dominions from the new British
10 per cent tariff. This while Mr.. Ben
nett is concluding preferential agree
ments with New Zealand and Aus
traiia. cassing orders-in-counctl In.
cree =. .--..c5 q k.-.--c-ii-3-11 goods end
sxhort.lg Canadians to buy their fresh
Evening star., 1932-03-27

. DUCATION is one Of the big bus
l. inesses of the United States.
Pupils are counted in millions,
IL teachers by the hundred thou
Evening star., 1932-03-27

CONTINUED on Fourth Page.l
Evening star., 1932-03-27

PAIN for a decade has been the
ugly duckling of the travellers
! Europe. The hotelkeepers of
Paris, of London, of Berlin, of
Rome have bowed their way to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1932-03-24
SENATE TAKES UP
TARIFF MEASURE
Harrison Opens Fight Holding
Bill Will Aid in
Sterilization.

BY the Associated Press.
The Senate began work today on the
DEMOCRATIC tariff bill passed by the
House with an argument by Senator
Harrison. Democrat, Mississippi, that its
enactment would go far TO stabilize
tariff legislation hereafter.
Harrison, who is leading the drive
for the measure transferring from the
President to Congress the right to pass
on rate changes recommended by the
Tariff Commission, was confident OF
Senate approval.
The same proposition was advanced
by the Senate coalition of Democrats
and Republican Independents during
consideration of the Smoot- Hawley act.
A presidential veto is ahead, however.
I'VE are seeking simply" Harrison
told the Senate, Ito restore to Congress
the power given it by the fathers of the
country to lay taxes upon the people.
In approving the flexible tariff provi-
sion in 1922 it was the intention of
Congress that it be temporary only.
II have the conviction that regula-
ton will do more to stabilize tariff legis-
lation than anything else we can do"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1932-03-24
BEER AMENDMENT READY.
Slated for Consideration To-day BY
House Members.


The new beer amendment proposed
by Representative Cullen, Democrat
New York. to the revenue bill and slated
for consideration today in the House,
follows:
THAT there shall be levied and COL
lected on all on-intoxicating beer,
lager beer, ale, porter or other
similar Notwithstanding fermented
liquor containing one-half of per cent
and not more than 2.75 per cent OF
alcohol by weight, brewed or manufac-
tured and hereafter sold or removed for
consumption or sale within the United
States, by whatever name such liquors
may be called, tax at the rate OF 5
cents per pint. such article to be bottled
at the brewery.
Provided, that no such article shall
contain more than ais per cent OF al
cohol by weight. and provided further,
that the manufacture and transporta =
ton of such articles shall be conducted
under permits to be issued in ac-
cordance with the national prohibition
act and under such regulations, incluu-
ing assessment and collection OF the
tax. as shall be promulgated by the Sec
! rotary OF the Treasury and the Attorney
General of the United States.
And provided further, that no such
article shall be permitted to be trans
ported into any State or territory OF the
United States or the District Of Column
bia, the laws Of which forbid the man
ufacture or sale thereof"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1932-03-24
FARMER REF|NANCE
MEASURE PLANNED
Senator Wheeler to Introduce
Bill Parallel to Recon-
struction Act,
BY the Associated Press

BY the Associated Press
NEW YORK. March 24.-United
States Senator Burton K. Wheeler OF
Montana Democrat) said today he
intends to introduce in Congress within
the next few days q farmers refinancs
bill with provisions parallel to those n
the recently adopted measure affectins
financial institutions.
1t will provide" he said, flor loans
to farmers, SO they can save their farms
at the same interest rate now charged
by the Refinance Corporation to finan.
cial institutions.
can very well fight 1t, because 1t con-
tains for the farmers almost identically
the same provisions they have made ir
their own bill for financial institutions. ;
Senator Wheeler predicted that thu
sales tax bill would not be passed by
Congress unless it is applied only &C
luxuries'' =
You can't take any more away from
the worker and the farmer than ha,
already been taken" he said. "Ths
people Of the Middle West are ON thu
verge of revolt now II you want te
add fuel to the flames, pass the sale.
tax"
Relief Measures Disliked.
The general feeling in the North.
west and the Middle West" said Sen.
ator Wheeler, lis that the administra.
tons relief measures adopted by Con
gress have not been of any benefit to
the small business man or the Iaborinp
man or the farmer.
They feel that President Hooyer's
idea has been to help those at the
top. and that he has helped the bank
ers. the railroads and the INSURANCE
companies. but that none OF this ha,
er Is likely to seep down through So
that the small business man or the
farmer will get any benefit from 1t
The banks out there are not func.
tionlng SO far as the farmers are con.
cerned. Something has got to be done
TO refinance those farmers. Otherwisf
they will lose their farms and move r.
the CITIES, thereby increasing the I'M.
employment.
Purchasing Power Must Rise.
IT believe that in this country WIG
can have no pickup until the purchas.
ing power of the farmer and the lsbore,
is restored, bringing back commodit,
prices"
Senator Wheeler, who was one Of tn,
earliest supporters Of Gov. Franklin b
Rocsevelt's candidacy for the Demo.
cratic presidential nomination viSitet
Roosevelt headquarters today. He saic
he was in New York on private business
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1932-03-24
PAY SLASH PLANS
ExEMPTING SMALL
SALARIES AWAITED
Continued From First Page.)

Continued From First Page.)
the National Capital Park and Planning
Commission.
Meanwhile, william r. Valance,
president of the Federal Bar Associa-
ton, announced that he had been ad-
vised to-day by Representative Nc
Duffie Of the Economy Committee that
the request of the association for q
hearing had been laid before the COM
mittee and the committee had decided
not to grant the hearing, as to do so
would make it necessary to give sim
liar hearings to all other organizations
whose members were affected
The committee decided this would
take too long and that it would have
to proceed without giving a hearing to
any one in order to get action at this
session. Mr.. Valance characterized the
refusal as somewhat in the nature of
arbitrary action and making the pro-
eeedings OF the committee In the ma
tpre OF star chamber proceedings. He
expressed the opinion that if the COM
mittee. would hold hearings many
valuable suggestions would be made
regarding reorganization of the Cow
eminent departments with resulting
savings which would far exceed the
amount that could be saved by pairing
of small amount from the salaries
OF Government employees.
He expressed the willingness of Gov
eminent employees to do their part in
making up the deficit through payment
OF income taxes inheritance taxes and
sales tax II enacted, but felt 1t was
unfair discrimination to single out
Government employees for forced con-
tribution because they are on the Fed
eral pay roll.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1932-03-24

Continued From First Page.)
Loesch pointed out that Charles J.
Mueller and or aries E. Lounsbury, as
sistant States attorneys had been ap-
pointed two years ago to take control
of the unions out of the hands of the
gangsters.
las a result of their work" he said.
1.-The assistant States attorneys made
contact with and helped straighten out
and supervise the elections in some IS
former racket unions and secured in
dictments against a number of the Of
ficials for embezzlement of union funds.
1T is the opinion of Mueller and
Lounsbury, supported by other men
conVersant with the subject whom l
have interviewed, that fully two thirds
of all unions in Chicago are controlled
by or pay tribute directly or indirectly
to Al Capone's terroristic organizations.
1T can be said with truth that nine
tenths of the members of the unions
are honest, law-abiding citizens, who
pay little attention to union affairs be-
cause it is not wise for their personal
safety to take too great an interest in
them"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1932-03-24
STATES ATTORNEY
MENACED BY MOB
Crowd of 800 Gathers in
Berlin, Md, After Kidnap
Charges Are Dismissed.
sBseial Dispatch to The Star.

eBscial Dispatch to The Star.
BERLIN Md, March 24-State's At
torney Godfrey Child was threatened
ny large mob in front of the Allan
pic Hotel here early today, but Sheriff
Wilmer s. Purnsll dispersed the crowd
ans escorted the prosecutor to his home
In Pocomoke.
The mob action followed the decision
of Justice of the Peace William j.
Hratten in dismissing the charges of
kidnapping and assault against Robert
Allen, chief of police Of Ocean City,
and George K Jarvis. prominent cat
tleman. The charges were preferred
by Charles w Brown, who said he was
waylaid and held for five days last
week by Allen, Jarvis and two other
men.
Crowd Storms Hotel.
Following the preliminary hearing last
mint, at which Child presented the evil
dence against the accused men. the
crowd, estimated between ESQ and 800
men. stormed the hotel demanding an
explanation from the States attorney
or the reason for the dismissal decision.
A brick was thrown through one of
the windows of the hotel, and the au-
tomobile of the States attorney was
wrecked The hotel doors were locked
the lights put out, and Sheriff Purnell
was summoned when the crowd made
threatening remarks against Child.
State police also we're called to assist
the county officials
The authorities succeeded in break
ing up the crowd in front of the hotel,
and after most of them had gone,
Sheriff Purnell took the States attorney
to his home
Says He Was Held Days.
Browns charges against Allen and
Jarvis were based on his story to the
sheriff He said four men took him
from his car on the night of March
Is and he was held in a dungeon like
room for four days. =,
He said he was threatened for not
signing tive statements confessing that
a libel suit he had instituted against
Jarvis was a frame-up and that he
was the man who escaped from prohi-
bition agents and Allen during raid
in 1880. re denied both and said he
did not sign the documents.
Finally, he said, his captors mana
cled him to a tree in Holly Grove
Swamp, where he was found last Sun
day by farm youth.
Allen and Jarvis denied the charges
They introduced witnesses at the hear
ing last night to substantiate their
claim that they were not in the vicin-
ity of the kidnapping.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1932-03-24
FOUR MARINES GET
BRAVERY AWARDS
Two Officers and Enlisted
Nan Givsn Flying Cross, An
other Gets Navy Emblem.

Three Marine Corps flyers, including
he commanding officer at Brown Field
QuanticD, Va, will get the Distin-
guished Flying Gross and one will re-
ceiVe the Navy Cross for aerial flights
against bandits in Nicaragua. Secre-
tsry Adams approved the awards late
yesterday
Maj Ralph j. Mitchell, now in charge
Oh Brown Field, On the afternoon O
June IS, 1880, while pilot in comman
OF six-plane patrol, encountered and
under SANDING, a few miles north OF
Jinotega, Nicaragua" In the face OF
hostile ground fire, Mai. Mitchell re-
peatedly flew at q low altitude and over
high mountains and perilous jungles,
where a forced landing would have
meant almost certain death at the
hands of the bandits, even If this could
be accomplished Machine guns and
bombs brought a concentrated attack
OF one hour and 20 minutes against the
bandits, causing their rout under cover
OF darkness" He has been awarded a
Distinguished Flying Gross
Plane Hit Twice.
Lieut.. Herbert p Becker, who is now
on duty at Quantico, also will get the
Distinguished Flying Gross for his work
in leading q two-plane patrol and dis
covering q large group of bandits in
Saclin, on the Coco River. His plane
was hit twice during fire from the
bandits. On July rs last, in the face of
poor weather conditions, he continued
operations and had to land his plane at
Puerto Cabezas, after dark, after he
was able to cover the landing from
boats in the Coco River of a Guardia
patrol at Saclin from bandit attack.
From July 16 to July % he made daily
flights in bad weather and contributed
materially to breaking up of a large
bandit concentration in Northeastern
Nicaragua and to the prevention of
bandit depredations in the vicinity of
Puerto Cabezas."
Staff Sergt. Gordon w. Heritage, who
is likewise at Quantico, piloted plane
that accompanied Lieut.. Becker on his
July az fight. The enlisted mans ma
chine was hit is times by the bandits
and he was forced down a few miles
from the bandit group. He landed
safely and led his observer back to
Puerto Cabezas over almost impossible
terrain with overlooking rivers and
miles of swamps," and he displayed re-
markabie GOODNESS, skill and judgment -
He also gets the Distinguished FLYING
Gross.
Heritage's observer, Sergt Orville g.
Simmons, who is still on duty with the
and Marine Brigade, at Managua,
Nicaragua, handled Thompson SUBJ
machine gun from his shoulder against
the bandits. Simmons will get the
Navy Cross.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1932-03-24

wish to make our Parliament rep
resentative of the whole people. The
abolition of the oath of allegiance is
the only method by which that aim
can be achieved. The oath constitutes
the main obstacle to the establishment
of friendly relations between this coun-
try and Great Britain, and as it is the
chief source of misunderstanding and
discard, its disappearance will mark the
beginning of those normal frienSN re-
lations which we desire most sincerely
to see established between us.
We believe our objection to con-
science tests is well understood in
America, just as We believe that our
desire for peace with Great Britain, as
with all other countries, has the fullest
sympathy Of the American people.
Here Is the full text of the oath to
which the Irish President SO much OBJ
jects:
Il do solemnly swear true faith and
allegiance 10 the constitution of the
Irish Freee State as by law established
and that ! will be faithful to his ma
jesty King George v and his heirs and
successors by law, in virtue of the
common citizenship of Ireland with
Great Britain and her adherence to
and membership of the group of ma
tions forming the British Common
wealth of Nations"
Copyright. 1882. by the North American
Newspaper Alliance, Inc)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1932-03-24
WANG KEN EXECUTION
DENIED BY NANKiNG
West Point Graduate Was Seized
in Shanghai by Japanese Under
Unusual Circumstances.
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
NANKING, China, March 24.-Chi-
nese military officials today denied
report that Col. Wang Ken, On army
officer who was graduated from the
United States Military Academy in
1918, had been executed on a charge
of giving military information to the
enemy.
The young colonel, serving with the
Chinese Salt Revenue Bureau, figured
in sensational incident in Shanghai
last month when he was arrested by
the japanese in the lobby of the Aston
House Hotel In the International Set
Element. He was released day or so
later and turned over to the Chinese
authorities.
Those authorities said today that he
was still in confinement at the head
quarters of the Chinese 18th Army in
Kunshan on the Shanghai-Nankipg
Railway and probably he would be
reprimanded and released
His detention was at the request Of
Gen. Tsai Ting-Kai, who last month
was in command Of unit of the army
at Shanghai.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1932-03-24
PLAN KIDNAPPING
| TO SAVE AMERICAN
Chinese Agree to Help Free
Man Held Despite Pay
ment of Ransom.

(copyrisht. 1882, by the Associated Press)
SHANGHAI, March 24.-The Chinese
government agreed today to go in for
kidnapping in an effort to save the
life OF captive American.
This course was decided upon when
the friends of Charles Baker, a Yangtze
, River boat captain of Pasadena. Calf,
found themselves at their wits end to
pay the ransom demanded in exchange
for his life.
Lansing Hoyt. president of the Yang
TIE Rapids Steamship Co, Bakers em-
ployer. tried paying a ransom, but the
brigands got the money by a ruse, and
kept their prisoner.
All governmental agents were help
less, because Baker is held in Kienli
Province, where Communists have COM
plete control.
Marking Agrees to Plan.
Then somebody thought of a plan
whence 1T came none is saying. But
Marking finally agreed, it was learned
here today to try it,
Orders went out to the Chinese navy
patrol in the Yangtze to seize hostages
IN bandit centerS in Kienl Province,
thus turning the tables on brigandS.>
But whether the idea will Wl-k Is
yet another matter, for-Kienli Province
covers some 10000 square miles in Gen.
trail China.
Bakers boat ran aground in January
OF this year, and since then his friends
have done nothing but pay and nego-
tiate without results.
On one occasion the bandits agreed
to accept $4,000 cash, and a rendezvous
was arranged with the bandit chief,
who signed all his notes THE presidium
OF the Soviet government for Kieni
district"
Money Sent Ashore.
The money was sent ashore from a
lighter under the protection of gum
boat in the Yangtze, while Baker, his
hands TIED, was sent out into the river
| in a sampan.
When the bandits got their hands on
| the money, they called the sampan
back to shore, and the gunboat stood
/ helplessly by, its batteries silent for
| fear of killing the captive
And so the game has gone on. The
last letter from the brigand chief was
| dated March /, and said: you can't
EluH me. If You want to sec Baker
back I must have $4,000" Inclosed
was a note in Bakers handwriting,
| which read:
Don't use force. These people say
that at the first sign of trouble, 1 lose
my head. am living in hell and would
| give q million If had it to get out of
| it. I have not been badly treated, but
have suffered greatly from cold I
don't know what the outcome will be,
out am still hoping for the best"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1932-03-24
POLICY IN IRELAND
BACKED BY PRESS
Britain Urged to Act Calmly
in Insisting on Annuities
and Oath.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, March 24-The British
press today endorsed the governmsnts
attitude toward cannon de Valeras in
tention to dispense with land annuities
and the oath to the King as part OF
the Irish Free States policy.
Yesterday j. H. Thomas, secretary fol-
the dominions, told the House Of Com
mons that the British government re-
garded the oath and annuities as i
part of the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1925
and that Britain is determined that
instrument shall not be violated.
De Valera admits the oath is In the
treaty, but insists it Is not mandatory
except as to the manner OF taking Ii
and he holds the annuitieS due on
loans to Irish farmers, Is a matter fol
the Irish people to take care of as they
see fit.
The press was disposed today to
treat the issue as of great importance
yet a matter for calm consideration
some newspapers pleading editoriallJ
for courteous and unimpassioned treat
ment of De Valera's claims.
Inc press treatment apparently In
piled a confidence that the difficulty
eventually will be settlec amicably.
Moreover, doubt was expressed thai
De Valera had the power to carry his
plan through the Legislature of thu
Irish Free State, which recently elected
him President, succeeding William
Cosgrave.
Among other things, the press pointed
out the Lah3rites, upon whom d.
Valera depended for his balance Of
power, have stated through their leader
Wilson Mortar, that they would not
tolerate abrogation of the Anglo Irish
treaty, although they were prepared tt
stand for negotiation OF the lane
annuities.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1932-03-24
BY EAMONN DE VALERA
President, Irish Free State.

BY Cable to The Star.
DUBLIN, March 20 tNANA).-I
already have stated the attitude and
policy of my government in relation to
the oath of allegiance to the British
crown. but I am glad to have this fur
ther opportunity of restating our posi-
ton to the American public.
1t is our opinion that the oath clause
in the Anglo-Irish treaty Is not man
datory-that it Is not mandatory In
form-and that moreover, there is no
parallel in our time. in the treaty rela-
uonshipS between states, for the impo-
sition by one of the parties of q con-
science test ON the other.
Our people do not want the OATH
They regard 1t as an intolerable bur-
den, and in the last election they gave
us a clear and unequivoeal mandate to
have 1t removed. 1t has been the cause
of all the strife and trouble in this
country since the signing of the treaty.
The removal of the oath Is an essen
tial preliminary to obtaining the willing
obedience OF our people to State all-
thority. Coercion Is the only alterna-
tive to the removal of the oath, and
coercion is no remedy for national dis
content. 1t never should have been used
to assist in imposing an injustice on a
people
1t is our definite intention to remove
the injustice SO that coercive measures
may never again be used to suppress
the national sentiment of our people.
They revolted. and rightly revolted
against the taking Of this oath by their
representatives in Parliament