davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1932-04-10
Do plants have brains?


Something roughly analogous to an
area of highly sensitive nervous tissue
in animals is one of the complicating
factors being taken into consideration
in experiments with plant behavior
now under way at the Smithsonian
Institution.
1t appears to serve the purpose OF a
brain" or senSory end of a nervous
system, among lower animals, but 1t
functions by an entirely different sort
of mechanism, the exact nature OF
which remains uncertain.
The Smithsonian experiments are
carried out with oat seedlings. The
purpose Is to study the curious phe-
nomenon of "phototropism," the tend
ency of plant to bend towards, or
away from, light. Much depends on
the section of the plant upon which
the Illumination is allowed to fall.
There appears to exist in the plant" "
says Dr. Earl S. Johnston, Smithsonian
plant psychologist. "a more or less
localized region capable Of receiving a
stimulus. 1t has been shown that the
most sensitive portion of coleoptile,
the leaf sheaf surrounding the bud of
an ascending shoot, is the first so
microns of the tip. The first milli-
meter Is $50 times as sensitive as the
second and 1900 times as sensitive as
the third millimeter zone"
Some Sort of VoIition.
Furthermore, DR.. Johnston explains,
if only one side of the tip Of the seed
ling is illuminated the stem will bend
in the direction of the light, but the
bending will take place toward the base,
It Is as If the tip received the stimulus
and the excitation travelled downward
sees with its eyes" Then its legs
move toward what it sees. Super
fically 1t appears as If there we're some
sort of volition on the part of the plant
Explanations Of this curious phenom-
enon are highly theoretical, DR.. John
ston says, although it has excited inter-
est in European laboratories and con-
siderable experimental work has beer
done upon it. The most plausible ex-
PLANTATION offered, he says, Is that the
light acts on the growing tip to produce
some chemical substance which acts as
growth regulator. This substance
may either promote or inhibit growth
according to the theory one holds as to
the nature Of the phototrophic effect.
DR.. Johnston cited work in one Euro
pean laboratory, in which the heads of
several coleoptiles were cut of after
they had been exposed to light. They
were placed on a thin sheet Of gelatin.
This then was cut into small blocks and
placed on the sides Of the coleoptile
stumps growing in the dark After
three hours these stumps showed mega
tive phototropic bending. Apparently
some of the mysterious substance pro-
duced by light in the tips had been alb
Evening star., 1932-04-10
DRIVER PLEADS GUILTY
Gets 15 Months for Manslaughter
in Auto Death.

Sinclair Bowen Fowler, who pleaded
guilty to a charge of manslaughter,
was sentenced Friday by Justice James
M. Proctor to serve 18 months In the
penitentiary.
Fowler was operating an automobile
February when it collided with a
street car at the plow pit on Wiscon-
sin avenue and P street and crushed
John E. Saunders. an employe of the
Washington Railway g. Electric Co.,
who was changing the trolley.
Evening star., 1932-04-10
WINTER WHEAT ESTIMATE
AZ PER CENT BELOW 1881
Prospective Crop of ass, ,ooO,o 900
Bushels Seen on Basis of
April ] Conditions.
y the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
A Winter wheat crop Of $4,000, 900
bushels-42 per cent below the bumper
Hs7, 900 600 -bushel 1881 crop-was fore
cast yesterday by the Agriculture De-
partment on the basis of April con-
sditions.
The prospective sharply reduced crop
for 1882 is II per cent less than the
.average Of 551 100000 bushels pro-
sduced during the five-year period, 1924
sthrough 1923.
The condition of Winter wheat on
April ! was reported at 756 per cent
.of normal, compared with 88.8 per cent
a year ago and l0-year average of
a0.9 per cent. The April | condition
land preliminary reports to the depart
! rsnent indicate an average abandonment
Of nearly II per cent for the United
: States against 1o-year average Of IL
UHA NfAAhM t. D. -i 8
Evening star., 1932-04-10
Thirty Days for Stealing Paper.

Pleading guilty to taking a news
paper from an honor system rack yes
terday without paying for it, Charles
Johnson, colored, ~, was sentenced to
80 days in jail by Judge Robert e. Mat
tingly in Police Court yesterday. John
son was arrested at Second and @
streets by Detective j. z. Kane, first
precinct
Evening star., 1932-04-10
Labor Leader Dies.

WORCESTER. Mass. April 9 CP).-
Charles A. Cullen, 81, International
vice president of the Brotherhood of
Painters, Paperhangers and Decorators,
with headquarters at Lafayette, Ind,
died at his home here today.
The Washington times., 1932-06-02
Ample Quantities

Except in a few instances (notably the
ECONOMY BIG SHOTS") we have provided
ample quantities of merchandise to meet the
great demand OF course, with prices so Sensa-
tionally low, we cannot guarantee that quan.
titles in every instance will last all day.
The Washington times., 1932-06-02
Phone Orders Filled

MARION GAGE, and her staff Of Personal
Shoppers will be on hand from 9 a. m. to 8
p. m, Friday. All orders subject to quantities
on hand.
The Washington times., 1932-06-02

Identical styles and qualities which have
been our best sellers in our regular stock
during the past few weeks at $4.95. Flow
cred, printed, checked, dotted and figured
patterns. Full length and three-quarter
flowing sleeves. Half sizes 221A to 3O15
and regular and extra large sizes 40 to Sc.
GoIdenberx's-uress pepartment Second r.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-01-01
1882 PROMISES
STORMY VOYAGE
FOR PRESIDENT
Grave Problems, Political
Campaign Confront
Chief Executive.
BY RAYMOND CLAPPER
United Press stan Correspondent

WASHINGTON, Jan. IA year
of raging, turbulent politics, one of
the toughest in peacetime, makes
way for 1882, which promises even
greater excitement.
Working under heavy hanging
business clouds, President Hoover
has labored with spectacular strokes
and against almost incessant
criticisms. Now he faces a New
Year with more of the some appar-
emily in store.
The events of this last year, plus
those of the next few months, will
guide the verdict of the American
people next November when they
pass judgment on the record of the
Hoover administration.
Controversy, almost unparalleled
except in wartime, has filled the
year from the getaway last January
when the Wickersham commissions
prohibition report was made down
to the moratorium and foreign debt
battle in congress with which the
year closes.
Ten High Points Listed
Ten OF the more important
events of the last year, which bear
on the political fortunes of Presi-
dent Hoover and both parties,
might be listed as follows:
l. The Wickersham commissions
report.
Q. Veto of the bonus bill.
3. The moratorium.
4. Calvin Coolidge's pledge to sup
port the Presidents reelection.
5. Mr.. Hoovers attempt to force
an apology from the Navy League.
6. Creation of the National Credit
Corporation.
7. Organization of the house by
the Democratic party.
g. Mr.. Hoover's reconstruction
program.
8. The administration tax increase
plan.
10. The meeting of the Repub-
lican national committee.
Cotton Flop" Recalled
Probably no two Washington COR
respondents would draw the same
list. Some might add the farm
boards Inflated proposal to pillow
under every third row of cotton as
IMPLYING the fate which has over
come many of its major activities.
Others would mention creation of
the Clifford relief committee, which,
however, was a continuation of the
1890 organization.
Others would include the Demo-
cratic national committee meeting
last March, which disclosed a deep
breach in the party over prohibit
ton and a revolt against the at
tempt of National Chairman Ras-
kob to advance the modification
cause.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-01-01
BULL MOOSE WALKER
DENIES SIGNING BOND
Not Surety in Theft Case, He Says;
Still Barred, Says Judge.

John Dull Moose) Walker, pro-
fesSional bondsman, today denied
he was the signer of bond which
was ordered defaulted by Municipal
Judge William H. Sheaffer Tuesday
when Fred Simpson of New York,
charged with theft, failed to appear
in court.
1t was revealed that Thomas Nc
Nulty, attorney, presented cash bail
of $500 for Simpson and no sigma
lures were necessary.
Sheaffer has barred Walker, Nc
Nulty and James Gordon, Walkers
partner, from signing further bonds,
and declared today he will not re-
woke this order, despite Walkers
denial.
Sheaffer charges Walker and Cor
don were involved in the bail deal,
although they did not appear on
court records as bondsmen.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-01-01
PASTOR CLUB SPEAKER
First Friends Minister to Make
Address 10 Rotarians,

The Rev. Ira G. Dawes, pastor of
the First Friends church, will speak
before the Rotary Club luncheon
Tuesday at the Claypool on MAX
Ing the New Year New"
The talk will be part of the an
nual past presidents day program
OF the club. In charge of the meet
Ing will be Obie j. Smith, retiring
president.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-18
Death of Old
 Police Sergt
(Ccntinued from Page 1.)

NSI-hNhhGu LLobA abS Lsy
 was most convincing. Full honors will be accorded to the late ser- geant by his former comrades and by the city of Waterbury, which he served so long and so faithfully.
 Sergeant Bowling was one of the finest members of the depart ment," remarked Superintendent Mclean to-day. "He was always on the alert and performed his duties willingly and efficiently. l know of no man in the department who was held in higher esteem. AS a sergeant he held the respect and confidnce of his men. His years of experience made him a capable leader for he knew what to expect from his men and how to exact the best efforts from q veteran or a new recruit. We had worked to- gether for over 30 years and one could not ask for 0 more loyal friend or comrade."
 The deceased was a native of Waterbury. He was employed in local factories previous to his ap- pointment. He was made super- numerary on December 29, 1897, and a regular on April 19, 1901. He served in various capacities, door man, street man, patrol driver and sergeant. His promotion to the rank he held at the time of his death was made on April IS, 1925. It came as a rather late recogni- ton of the officers ability and faithful service, but it only served to emphasize the worthiness of the officer when his record was re- viewed by members of the former board of police commissioners.
 Sergeant Bowling was secretary of the Waterbury Police Mutual Aid association for many years. He was one of the most consistent ad- vocates of measures of relief and welfare for members of the depart ment. He was also 8 member of Bishop O'Reilley assembly, fourth degree Knights of Columbus and the Waterbury lodge of Elks.
 He is survived by his wife, Mary V. Bowling; three sons, John F., employed at the International Sil- yer Co; Thomas J., a supernumer- ary policeman, and Edward M., a compositor at the Waterbury Dem- ocrat; two daughters, Mrs Richard White and Miss Eleanor M. Dowl- ing; two grandchildren. John F. Bowling and Kathryn White; a brother, Thomas J., employed at the Scovill Mfg Go.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-18

He says the party should return Do democratic fundamentals, but tts candidate should wear no mans collar.
 The Anti-Saloon league mean while continued its convention drive for support of the dry laws.
 The league, through it's board of directors, has completed a definite program and declaration of policy for the next. few months. It will be announced tomorrow night at the banquet which climaxes the five-day convention.
 To-day's program calls for 12 speeches by well known drys, in- cluding Governor Murray of Okla- homa, Governor John c. Winant of New Hampshire, Dr James M. Doran, U. s. commissioner of in- dustrial alcohol, Bishop James Cannon, Jr, of the Southern Meth odist church, and Senator Howell, republican, Nebraska.
 | The league yesterday voted con-
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-18
HARVARD WANTS TO SELL HEAT
 TOCAMBRIDCE
Bill Filed in Mass. Legis1a= ture to Prevent It-And Both Sides Explain

Boston, Jan 18-CUP)-A hot fight was in prospect to-day over Harvard universitys purported plan to sell heat to the city of Cambridge. Under a bill filed in the Massachusetts legislature by Representative Reardon, democrat, Boston, the attorney general would be directed to determine whether tn university's heat-selling project lis beyond the powers of it's char ter"
 Tt is wrong to allow educa tional institutions to be diverted from their purpose of educating youth and engage in the public utility business" Representative Reardon said. He referred to plan under which Harvard would supply heat to the $1,500,000 Ringe school being built nearby.
 Arthur L. Endicott, comptroller of the university, said Harvard ex- pected to make no profit and agreed to supply heat merely to oblige the city of Cambridge.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-18
Bingham Beer
 Bill Approved
(Coutinued from Page 1.>

violence, contempt for law, and a spy system of law enforcement, when he was called as witness. He said these factors had com- bined to "educate the young of the next generation to use intoxi- cants."
 Boston advocated complete re- neal of the 18th amendment. He believed the four per cent beer bill would not violate the amend ment, but he regarded 1t merely as 8 palliative.
 He said he was appearing in a personal capacity and desired to contradict "the statements of the ecclesiastical proponents of prohi- bition" that none but persons rep- resenting the liquor interests op- posed prohibition. ..
 "Prohibition is abhorrent to me" i" said Boston, land disastrous re- suits have flowed from the me- thods of enforcement"
 He said organizations sponsoring prohibition had descended from a love of humanity to hate of views" Anti-prohibitionis in the United States are numerous be- yond enumeration" he said.
 "The greatest mistake made by the United States since the Civil war;" he declared, twas the adop- tion of the 18th amendment"
 Boston advocated a referendum on prohibition by means of special states conventions. He said he had travelled widely and had found a general disregard of prohibition except in North and South Dakota.
 T come here from two separate communities in South Carolina" |" Boston said, ''and sentiments ex- pressed to me there were identical with those l have just stated to you"
 He said he had been told that prior to national prohibition there was no illicit distilling in South Carolina but that stills now are reported abundant in the states.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-18
TRANCE READY
 TO BATTLE FOR | HER WAR SPOLS
She Will G0 to Lausanne Prepared to Fight for Fruits of War Victory

Paris, Jan 1S-(UP)-The 61st anniversary of the proclamation of the German ecpire to-day found France preparing to safeguard the fruits of the World war which broke Germany's power. In 1871 France helplessly witnessed the birth of a new. empire in the palace of her former kings at Versailles and saw herself relegated to sec ondary rank on the continent she had dominated for centuries. To- day French financial experts re- viewed the arguments to be pre- scented at the Lausanne conference by which they hope to insure con- tinuance of the World war repara- tions by payments from beaten Germany to victorious France.
 Armament experts continued preparations for the world dis armament conference at Geneva where France will defend, among other things, those clauses in the Versailles treaty which keep Ger many disarmed.
 France sees much that is similar in the present European situation to the periods following the Fran CO., -Prussian war and the World war.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-18
One Factory to
 Have Night Shift
(Continued from Page 1.)

being started, it was also ascer- tained to-day, the Shoe Hardware has increased it's day working shift between 25 and 30 per cent. This action was taken gradually and was due, also, to increased orders. The night shift which be- gins work this evening was neces- sary to keep up with the demand.
 An automatic buckle. similar to the well known "zipper," is under stood to be responsible for the gradual increase in activities at the Shoe Hardware plant. In the past the United States Rubber company, of which the Shoe Hard ware Is subsidiary, has been manufacturing its own buckle but lately it gave permission for the marketing of this commodity on the outside market, hence the jump in demand for the article.
 News of the growth of activity at the Shoe Hardware plant has been heard around the city for quite 8 while but the announce ment of a night shift, something unusual these days, brought ray of hope into the Waterbury indus- trial field and was mentioned on the tongues of hundreds to-day.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-18

judice in the state against the de- fendants.
 "Communists," Darrow said in
 his refusal, "have held mass meet ing and prejudice has been aroused.
 You can't mix politics with law. If we are going to save those boys
 we have had to save them in Ala
 bama, not Russia or New York" Attorney General for Tennessee, is
 chief of counsel. Associated with
 him are Joseph Brodsky, former New York magistrate; Irving
 Schwab, Allen Taub, Carol King and William Tauber, all of New York city.
 Charges grew out of an episode
 on freight train near Stevenson,
 Ala, March 25, 1881. About q
 dozen negroes engaged in a fight with six white boys. All except
 one of the white youths jumped, or
 were thrown from the train. At Paint Rock, about 50 miles from Stevenson, a posse arrested nine of the negroes after hearing of the fight. The attack charges were not
 made until later.
 Two white girls riding on the train with the boys. allegedly were
 attacked. None of the defendants
 confessed any part in the attack. The nine were taken to Scottsboro,
 county seat. That night an at- tempt was made to lynch them, | but a force of national guardsmen,
 hastily summoned, thwarted the mob.
 The grand jury returned 20
 indictments charging the negroes
 with attack.
 The trials opened April 6, just 12 days after the alleged attack. All were convicted and assessed the death penalty with the execution of Roy Wright, who gave his age as I14. In his case the jury dis agreed.
 During the trials national guardsmen surrounded the court
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-18
Gun Battle on
 Boston Coast
(Continued from Page 1.)

for several days. It was this pea soup" fog which on Friday caused the nearly disastrous collision be- tween the Coast Guard destroyer Herndon and the steamer Lemuel Burrows off Block Island.
 The Cohasset seizure was the di- rect result of the alertness and grit of Patrolman John Fleming. Asleep at his home on Border street, near Cohasset harbor, he was awakened by shots. He noti- fled Police Chief Hector Pelleticr and then, alone, left to investigate
 On the beach he found perhaps 15 men, evidently members of rival gangs, battling over several hun. liquors. Fleming fired several afoot and some in automobiles, re- turning the fire. .
 Meantime Chief Pelletier and several other officers arrived and took possession of the contraband, totaling some 400 cases, and an abandoned automobile. When three men appeared and sought to drive off in the machine they were ar- rested as suspicious persons.
 The seized liquor included chanl- pagne, brandy, whiskey, and Cana dian ale.
 The rum boat Mary grounded at Commercial point to end two mile chase begun when she ignored a Coast Guard command to stop. During the pursuit the patrol boat 2277, out of base 5, East Boston, fired several ineffective shots.
 After the Mary's crew of Il had abandoned the craft and her rich cargo Boatswain's Mate A. w. Johnson went to Dorchester ship yard to notify his superiors. As he was telephoning, several mem. bers of the Mary's crew appeared and boldly offered him $5,000 if he would release the stranded boat. Johnson ordered them away at gunpoint.
 Later the Mary, leaking badly, was hauled off the beach and lowed to the appraisers stores.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-18

building and mounted machine guns at vantage points. A crowd, estimated variously from a few hundred to 10000 attended.
 As the story spread that eight negro boys, still in their teens, penniless, friendless and away from home, were being railroad ed' to the electric chair, various organizations interested themselves in the case.
 Protests came from organizations and individuals of Germany, Eng land, France, Switzerland, Canada, Cuba and several South American countries.
 Charges that the negroes did not receive justice hinge for the most part around two points: Feeling was such that a fair trial was inn possible, and the shortness off the time between arrest and trials made out of the question any fair and just preparation for defense
 Officials handling the case de- clare that the defendants so far have had access to every judicial process entitled by law.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-18
SIXTEEN KILLED
 IN ACCIDENTS

Boston, Jan 1S-(UP)-Sixteen persons were killed in motor ve- hicle accidents in Massachusetts last week, according to the report of Registrar Morgan T. Ryan. This was nine less than for the previ- ous week, but the same as for the corresponding week last year. Fourteen victims were pedestrians, one a motorist, and the other a nna ctar
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-18
Senator Robinson

| SCAA8AVbE AhoUAhSOh
 Washington. Jan 1S-(UP)-
 The man who sits in a first row | seat on the middle aisle of the sen-
 ate chamber and every now and | then starts to light a cigar and | then doesn't do 1t, is Senator Jo- | seph Taylor Robinson of Arkan-
 sas, minority leader.
 There is some talk that if the democrats get into deadlock on | a presidential candidate the honor
 might fall on his pretty strong ! shoulders. Robinson, quite certain ly, would be receptive.
 He doesn't light the cigar, 1t may be well to say, because about the time he gets his match out he re- | members the rules of the senate prohibit smoking in the chamber Robinson prefers to be called | "Joe T." His chief joy outside of
 working hours is duck hunting
 Every year heg ives series of duck luncheons in the senate min-
 ority conference room.
 This year game Is scarce and 1t
 is hard on his temper. The other day he returned with an- empty
 bag and angry from hunting trip, to cast his vote for the Hawes game conservation bill, the first
 piece of legislation passed by the
 senate this session.
 He is among the best dressed
 members of the senate. After he
 attended the London naval confer-
 ence two years ago hej wore spats. He had to stand considerable jest
 ing about thes pjats, but he stuck to them through most of last ses- | sion. When congress reopened, however, they seemed to be miss ing. When he speaks-which he does frequently in the role of minority leader-he starts out slowly and
 becomes increasingly agitated as he gets into the swing of his re- lating, shouting and making a
 pretty convincing argument.
 He has one of the quick tempers
 of the senate. It led him to the platform during the democratic
 national committee meeting here
 in March, 1881, when Chairman
 Raskob made his prohibition pro- posals. It was Robinson who pre-
 cipitated the shindy in which ev-
 eryone got mad about the Raskob program and the democrats had
 0 real, old-time hullabaloo.
 There never has been any seri-
 ous rebellion against his leader
 ship of the democrats in the sem
 ate, but a number of his colleagues were pretty angry year ago when
 he agreed to President Hoover's s
 non- n-partisanship program. Robin son was the angriest of all, how ever, because MT Hoover did not
 make public the letter he wrote
 agreeing to the program. Robin-
 son felt the president was leaving
 him in a false position.
 He and the late Senator Thad-
 deus Caraway, his colleague from
 Arkansas, were not friendly. Mrs
 Caraway, who has succeeded her
 husband, seems to have much of
 her husbands feeling about Robin
 son. She repudiated his leadership
 on the moratorium, voting against
 1t. Her late husband would have done the same.