davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1932-07-17
BY ARTHUR S. DEAPER.

~HICAGO's mammoth stadium,
with a seating capacity larger
than that of Madison Square
~ Garden, has been the scene OF
prizefights, hockey matches
and various other contests and en-
tertainments, but not until the re-
cent Democratic National Convention
have women sat in its boxes in full
evening dress at 8 o'clock in the morn
ing. We make a great fetish OF RECORDS
on running tracks and base ball dia-
monds, in marathon dances and nag
pole sittings 1t remained for the
Democrats to set a brand-new one at
Chicago. This record must stand Tor
at least another four years; Neither
the Republicans, the Socialists nor tne
Communists can accept the cnaHense
for some time to come.
Will Rogers remarked as he left the
convention hall that he hoped the
school children Of Chicago would not
see the 1854 delegates-nlen and Wom-
en-tottering off to bed with the sun
high in the heavens. He was fearful
they might ask some sleepy-eyed dele
gate: What Is the matter with 1ne
country?"
Politics Is Different.
Those Of us who sat through and
sweated through that long night had
been asking ourselves the same ques-
ton Some of us have sat down Tor
a few rounds of bridge or game OF
poker with the distinct understanding
that the reckoning would be made
promptly at midnight: We have tumbled
into our car at or am. But the
fate of the Nation" was not at stake;
we were just trying to prove that the
law of averages cannot be repealed or
even modified. Politics is another
game.
wager that the hotels of Chicago
have never served as many dishes OF
bacon and eggs between the hours OF
3 and 6 pm. as they did on that mem
orable Friday Some Of my newspaper
colleagues had lost track Of the day
of the week, even Of the month OF the
year. When they went to bed at 10
o'clock Friday morning most OF them
had been working for more than rs
hours on end. Our Democratic political
leaders, those gentlemen who hold our
destinies In their hands, the future OF
civilization, the steering of the so-called
ship of state and all that sort Of thing,
had Jared no better so far as sleep was
concerned. And that night-12 hours
later-Gov Franklin y. Roc-c--.t was
nominated as the Democratic candi-
date for the presidency!
Let us return to the convention hall
and listen to some more nominating
and seconding speeches.
Mr.. Chairman" The words come
from the floor through an amplifler car
ried by one of the many boys who stand
In the aisles and rush over to the dele
gate who desires to speak.
Nine Candidates Named.
who is the delegate who addresses
the chair?" asks Senator Thomas
Walsh, the permanent chairman Of the
convention. He speaks from the ros-
trum through a loudspeaker and his
voice reaches all parts of the stadium.
This Is the chairman Of the --
delegation" comes the reply.
For what purpose does the gentle
man Of the delegation address
the chair" asks Senator Walsh.
ITO ask the chairman's permission
for the Hon. John J. Hollowtop to
second the nomination"
Before the first ballot for the Demo-
Evening star., 1932-07-17
Canadian Electric Rate Less Than in i. S.,
Averaging 2.29 as Compared With 6.O3

in Canada increased IN eight years
1884 per cent. The annual output,
according to the latest available figures.
is 1908 ,8o2 900 kilowatt hours. Over
90 per cent of the total electric power
produced in the dominion is generated
by water power.
The annual report of the Ontario
Hydroelectric Power Commission, a
public utility owned by the province
of Ontario and the largest Of its kind
In the world, states that more than
15,507, 900 is now invested in electric
power equipment and facilities in the
rural districts of the province, where
there are about $500 miles Of trans
mission lines serving over $4,000 Gus
toners. not merely with light for their
homes but with power for cooking and
domestic appliances and for dairy and
other farm machinery.
This has removed much of the
drudgery hitherto common to the
somewhat isolated home.
The hydroelectric commissions re-
port further disclosed an increase of
s7,165,000 in total reserves of the va
rious systems Of the commission. A
total of 721 municipalities now receive
hydroelectric power.
--. copyright. lsaa4 -.-..-r-....
Evening star., 1932-07-17
Agrarian Debt Is Cut in Half
By Rumanian Conversion" Law

Item q What remains IS to be re-
paid by the debtor at rate of 4 per
cent interest over a period of 80 years.
Repudiate Half of Debt.
The minor provisions Of the law are
all OH the side of the debtor. Every
conceivable kind OF debt OF agrarian
nature is repudiated so per cent, no
matter on what terms the money was
borrowed, and whether forests, vine
yards. houses, real estate, farm land,
machinery are involved. Creditors are
given no guaranty except word of the
government. Moreover. the creditor
(not the debtor) is obliged to declare
the amount of the debt and must do
this within a three-month period by
special legal action at each place where
a debt has been incurred. A bank, for
instance, may have to send lawyers to
file claims in 40 or so, perhaps 200
or 800. different towns.
Naturally the uSuriouS local money
lenders are up in arms at the con-
version law; SO are more reputable
firms and banks in the big towns. 1t
is calculated that important CONNER
cial banks hold 12,500, 100000 lei in
agrarian paper. Half Of this sum is
already lost. The rest may never be
collected, or only with the gravest diff
Guilty. Business men call the conversion
scheme nothing short of gross, whole
sale confiscation, and fear that repud1-
alton of commercial debts will follow.
New Law Held Essential.
Great shock to urban business as the
conversion law is. it is an essential step
as the government sees 1t, for the good
Of the peasant. Rumania lives on the
land. Without its export Of grain, the
country would be in infinitely worse
shape than 1t Is now.
Queerly, the government. having
pushed the law to completion, now
treats it like a highly unpopular step
daughter. Finance Minister Argeto-
iano and Premier Jorga personally dis
like the law. They realize its danger
to credit, and fear that many banks
will have to nquidate. But no party
will take the responsibility Of open
opposition, and promulgation OF the
scheme is expected shortly.
Copyright, 1922
Evening star., 1932-07-17
Continued From First Page.)

Continued From First Page)
from the allies. French carbon btsul-
phide was used for the manufacture OF
phosphene gas by which thousands Of
allied soldiers were suffocated.
"Krupps, according to their Official
records, sold munitions to So different
countries. Exports were chiefly to
Russia and hundreds of thousands Of
German soldiers were casualties dur
ing the war Of cannon and rifles they
themselves had manufactured in the
Krupp and Gontard-Mauser factories.
The French government has lent
10000, 100000 gold francs $4,000, ,000,-
000) mainly for the purposes of financ-
ing foreign orders for munitions given
to the French firm Of Schneider -Creu-
Sot.
Fifty thousand tons of iron. used
as material for civilian industry-rails,
tools, agricultural machinery. etc. bring
in a return OF approximately $40, 900, 900;
converted into war material-armor
plating, guns, cartridges, rifles, bombs,
etc.-they bring in $40,000,000. The
per-ton cost of manufacturing artillery
is IS times that Of locomotives"
Abolition of the private manufacture
Of armaments, which has been advo-
Gated energetically ever since Woodrow
Wilson incorporated the idea in his
world peace program in 1918, has made
little progress because Of the closely
knit organization Of war industries. The
tnter-relation Of these industries inter-
nationally probably explains why they
can make such huge profits. For exam
pie, Sir Basil Zaharoff. a Levantine
Greek who dominated the French and
British (and allegedly the Krupp and
Skoda firms) munitions industries, Is
known to have been largely instrumental
in fomenting the Greek-Turkish. the
Russo japanese and the Boer Wars.
profiting through sales Of ornaments
to all sides.
The Civil War which has ravaged
China for the last IS years has also
been made possible through the in
triguing of European armaments inter-
ests it is charged.
TT Is becoming ever clearer" says
the Disarmament Review, that today,
as before the war, the ornaments firms
of various countries with their exchange
of patents and specialists, with their
financing of holding companies, and
still more-their price and sales agree
ments are more closely bound together
Evening star., 1932-07-17

BUCHAREST. Rumania-The most
interesting recent event in Rumania is
the law just passed regarding the con
version" Of the agricultural debt. Fifty
per cent Of the agrarian debt Is re-
pudiated
This debt. a colossal drain on the
country is SO colossal that the most
widely discrepant figures are given in
estimating it. Oflcial Rumanian flg-
ures put 1t about 25,000.000.000 lei
(about 10000, ,oOO). But an American
60, 900 100000 lei (about $3.50. .000, ,000)
A safe bet seems to be something be-
tween the two.
The debt arose with the Rumanian
land reform. just after the war. The
country about 80 per cent agricultural,
was owned at that time, partly by
"boyars." or noblemen. in the form of
great estates These estates were cut
down and divided up, so that large
proportion Of the total land came into
the hands Of small peasant holders.
Had to Borrow for Start.
They were given the land. They were
given nothing else They had to bor-
row for their original payments to the
government, for their implements. for
their houses; they had to borrow to
grow their crops and to market them.
These loans were made at terrific rates
of interest, sometimes literally IS, 20
or so per cent, and the amount Of the
debt inextricably grew. The misery Of
the peasants knew no bounds; the
agrarian fabric Of the country sagged
dangerously, and no one knew what
to do.
The present Jorga government has at
last worked out scheme to convert"
this debt-which affects, incidentally,
about 100000 people-and forth
right and drastic scheme it has turned
out to be.
! Item /. The gross amount Of the
debt is cut by so per cent.
Evening star., 1932-07-17
Tenth-C Century Castle
To Be Open to Public

BERLIN, Germany-The Pottenstein
Castle, one of the oldest in Europe, and
built In the years s18 to s24 as strong
hold against marauding Slavs during
the reign Of Konrad I. will be thrown
open to visitors and tourists for the
first time this Summer.
The aged castle. which contains COL
lections of historic weapons and OBJ
jects of natural history, served as the
favorite residence Of Bishop Otto the
Saint, and was the place Of refuge of
st. Elizabeth in 1928 and 1929. 1t is
said that the castle was subdued only
once, and that was when Albrecht
Alcibiades of Prussia took it. Built on
a cliff 200 feet high, its main building,
Of the early Romanesque architecture,
served for many years as living quar-
tiers for many an ancient notable.
(Copyright, 1922
Evening star., 1932-07-17
Armament Trade Is Called Obstacle
To Reduction of Worlds Tax Burden

internationally than the organizations
which profess internationalism and
peace"
II profits are taken out Of war (in
the last war 1t cost between $4,000
and $4,000 to kill a soldier, of which
more than half was clear profit to
armamentS flrmS) the biggest argument
for heavy ornaments will be removed,
experts argue. Likewise much Of the
organized opposition to disarmament
will disappear. At this writing, how
countries ready to agree to complete
suppression of private manufacture of
war materials and among them are not
to be found any of the states, including
the United States. in which armaments
industries flourish.
Evening star., 1932-07-17
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page)
though such protective tariffs have been
applied on American commodities in
varying degree by different elements of
the empire for some so years, there
still seem to be requirements Of the
Canadians. the Hindus. the Australians,
to say nothing of the motherland, which
can best be filled by American wares.
Last year we supplied almost 63 per
cent of Canada's imports, as compared
with "a per cent in 1918. In Britains
Asiatic possessions-India, Ceylon and
rose from an average for the three
colonies of about per cent in 1913 to
more than per cent last year. The
advance In Australia and New Zealand
during the same period was from IL
per cent to 17.3 per cent and in South
Africa from 9.5 to IA per cent
An important factor in these i'm
provements of our position in the en-
pire markets has been the strenuous
drive throughout the dominions and
colonies since the war to establish new
industries in order to give their
economic structure more evenly bal
anced foundation. AS result the en-
pire has proved by all odds our best
market for industrial machinery and
its innumerable accessories and sup
plies. There has been a natural eager
ness on the part Of these economically
awakening new lands to capitalize the
best Xeprience Of the United States,
whose pioneering backgrounds have
been strikingly similar to the more re-
cent stages of economic development in
the outlying areas of the empire.
In fact, it Is this very problem OF
the postwar industrial growth in
Canada, India, Australia and South
Africa which is likely to present q
serious problem for the conferees to
ponder at Ottawa.
The mother country Is naturally anX-
ious to stimulate a maximum market
for its finished wares in the empire
Last year only 43.8 per cent of its total
exports found markets under the flag
the remaining 562 per cent being sold
in foreign countries, where steadily
mounting trade barriers have presented
increasingly difficult problems to the
English exporter.
Progress Of Bargaining.
1t will be interesting. especially to
us, to note the progress OF the bargain
ing between the mother country ano
the dominions and colonies in connec-
ton with this problem. Some mem
bers of the English delegation already
have expressed themselves as feeling
that, at least in few instances, the
aspirations Of the empire units toward
Industrial self-sufhciency are decidedly
premature. They point to the grave
Evening star., 1932-07-17
Uncle Sam at Ottawa

| financial difficulties in Australia a.
having been caused, in part at least, by
their anxiety to overaccelerate this in
dustrial advancement.
One phase of this problem is the
status of American-owned branch fac
tories within the empire Although
their growth has been predominantly
! in Canada, there also have been many
instances of such industrial enterprises
behind the tariff walls in Australia, the
Irish Free State, India and England.
At present the British tariff prefer
ence in empire goods requires that at
least Is per cent OF their value be de-
rived from empire materials or labor
ton are understood to be considering
the proposal at Ottawa that this pro-
portion be raised to so per cent. II
this step is taken many of the plants
owned or heavily participated in by
American capital in Canada totaling
between 1000 and 10000 would not be
entitled to the imperial preference ad-
vantage. This, Of course, would de-
stroy one of the chief objectives fol
which such branch plants were in
stalled. Whether the Canadians would
be prepared to see the crippling Of these
industrial enterprises in order to favor
the latter's English competitors Is q
problem the solution Of which will be
watched very closely.
When it comes to discussions between
the mother country and the dominions
regarding the importance of their re-
| spective markets to one another, the
domlnions doubtless will lose no time
in calling attention to the fact that only
28.7 per cent of the imports into the
United Kingdom last year came from
the empire. The dominions feel that II
they are to give increasing access to i'm
ports from the homeland their indus
tries in turn should be entitled to q
| greater share in the imports of the
mother country.
Increase Of Dependence.
This dependence of the United King.
dom upon non-empire sources has beer
growing steadily within the last few
years. In some items to which the
dominions and colonies feel entitled il
still is conspicuously heavy. More thar
come from foreign producers. About
the same percentage of her takings oi
eggs and barley likewise are bought
from foreigners. From SO to IS per cent
of her imports Of grain, flour, buttel
and a wide range Of lesser food items
likewise are drawn from foreign sources
When it comes to such staples as lum-
Der and cotton the empire supplies the
homeland with only 10 or - per cent
| of its total needs
controversial issue proceeds 1t doubt
Evening star., 1932-07-17
BY DENIS TILDEN LYNCH.

n YEW YORK has the greatest Of
n harbors. Nature was generous
VI Then came man with ms
1 genius And there arose the
Imperial Valley press., 1932-03-07
Warming Is Given
Chicken Raisers
By Undersheriff

Measures for the protection of
Imperial Valley ranchers from
wholesale chicken thieves who have
been operating here lately today in
cluded a warning by Undersheriff
Rodney Clark to all ranchers to be
on the lookout for chicken or tur-
key thieves, and a request for CO.
operation from the ranchers.
The undersheriff asked that
chicken owners take the license
numbers of automobiles, and obtain
descriptions of men representing
themselves as chicken dealers wish
ing to buy chickens.
This measure is necessary, Clarke
said, because in almost every case
where a large number of chickens
have been stolen, men represent
ing themselves as buyers have ap-
peared at the victimized ranch a
day or two before, probably to
make an inspection of the place be-
fore engineering their raid.
Imperial Valley press., 1932-03-07
SALVATION ARMY HAS BUSY
TIME DURING WINTER SEASON

churches and clubs mended, made
over and repaired clothing donated
by residents of the community. A
total of 2788 garments was given
school children. Shoes donated to
the children's clothes closet, new
ones purchased and old ones re-
paired were distributed to sos school
children.
One of the most interesting and
helpful services offered the needy
by the Salvation Army is that OF
free barber work. An unemployed
man who appealed to the Army for
help was discovered to be able to
cut hair and shave others in
creditable manner. He was given
his meals in payment for his serV-
ices. During the winter sal men
and boys availed themselves of his
skill and went away with their NOR
ale and personal appearance much
improved, according to the captain.
Milk was provided 80 under-nour-
ished babies and young children.
From November l, until after the
second week in January, the Army
provided 6244 lunches for school
children. After that date this work
was taken over by another organi-
zation.
Aid Shows Variety
Out of the 4915 applications for
work, 109 placements were made.
Transportation was provided four
individuals, nine persons paid cash
loans, and Is were given medical
assistance. Rent was paid in five
| instances and II families were Civ
en- a load of wood from the wood
| yard.
The wood yard, according to Cap
tain Myall, is operating efficiently.
Men who appeal for aid must work
certain length of time in the yard
to pay for their food. The wood
| thus prepared is used in preparing
! the meals, heating the mems shelter
and in supplying fuel to needy fam
/ lilies.
Meetings were conducted 104 times
for adults and 80 times for young
! people while meetings held in the
county jail numbered So. At Christ
mas $50 Christmas stockings were
given prisoners at the Jail.
! Christmas work included distri-
button of 500 toys. The toys were
donated and then repaired at the
! hall for the use and enjoyment of
needy children. Contributions of
toys are welcomed at any season
of the year.
Facilities are provided at the hall
! for men to do their own laundry
| and they are encouraged to await
/ themselves of the convenience.
Imperial Valley press., 1932-03-07
Found

TAKEN UP-Holstein COW, 2 miles
east Ell Centre. A. Mall. Owner
may have same by paying for ad
and feed bill. 5t2
Imperial Valley press., 1932-03-07

SAN DIEGO S5 ARIZONA EAST
ERN RAILWAY COMPANY here
by gives notice that on February
"a, 1882, it filed with the Inter
state Commerce Commission at
Washington, D. c., its application
for a certificate that the present
and future public convenience and
necessity require the acquisition
and operation by it of the lines of
railroad OF the San Diego and Ari-
IONA Railway Company which ex-
tend from San Diego to a point
near Tia Juana, 1855 miles, OF
which 1915 miles is owned and
O.410 mile is leased; from Division
to Calexico, 97.839 miles, of which
79.173 miles is owned, 8.726 miles is
leased, and 994 miles is operated
under trackage rights; with branch
lines extending from San Diego to
Lakeside, 22.06 miles; from National
City to Chula Vista, Sal miles,
from Chula Vista to Coronado,
l4.281 miles; and 0.18 mile of
track in the city of San Diego,
which is leased to San Diego Elec-
trio Railway Company, all in San
Diego and Imperial Counties, Cali
fornia.
SAN DIEGO & ARIZONA
EASTERN RAILWAY COMPANY
March 7,l4,21
Imperial Valley press., 1932-03-07
BARD FAMILIES
SADLY IN NEED
OF ASSISTANCE

Eleven families in the Bard dis
trict are in desperate Circumstance
es, according to Mrs. Mae Sherry
Winans, executive secretary of I'M
perial County Red Cross chapter,
and donations of food and clothing
are needed.
Each of the II families has from
four to 10 children and since the
close of the cotton picking season,
the parents and older children have
no means of earning money.
Residents of the Bard commun-
ity are doing everything possible
to relieve the situation, according
to the secretary but the burden is
too great for them.
All other needy families in the
Bard community were able to plant
gardens and are beginning to harvest
some foods.
While the local chapter has no
funds available, ground wheat is
being sent to keep the families
from starving, said Mrs. Winans.
Contributions of canned milk, to-
matoes, beans and similar foods will
be most welcome as they are neces-
sary to supplement the wheat diet.
Clothing, too, is vitally necessary.
Donations may be left at Red
Cross headquarters at $40 Broad
way and Mrs. A. B. Hanson of the
Red Cross and w. N. Cunningham
of the federal free employment
service will distribute them to the
families. They will make a trip to
Bard Tuesday or Wednesday of this
week.
Imperial Valley press., 1932-03-07
WEST CAPTURES
VALLEY HONORS
IN GOLF MATCH

Carl West, of the International
club. Calexico, is the golf champion
of Imperial Valley, by virtue of a
victory over Jack Strobel, Barbara
Worth club, and Elmer Sears of the
Del Rio club, Brawley, on the Bar
bara Worth links yesterday.
West took the lead Friday in the
first of a three day inter-club
match when he finished three in
front of Strobel and Sears who
were tied tor second place.
The Calexico player tackled five
more Oh to his lead Saturday in
the second round of the champion
ship match and added two more in
the final 36 holes yesterday, finish
ing with a total of 308. Strobel
took second place with 318. Sears,
because of an unfortunate acci-
dent, was forced to withdraw from
competition after playing 81 holes
yesterday
Brawley'S entrant broke h S
glasses following the Saturday play
and attempted to compete yester-
day without them. The physical
strain was too much for him and
he was forced to quit.
West, in addition to being the
champion, is also the recipient of
handsome cup offered by the
Gambrinus cafe, MeXieali.
The championship match yester-
day drew a large number of players
to the Barbara Worth club, but
many others were out to qualify for
the second annual invitational
tournament which will start next
Thursday.
Over 80 qualified during the
weekend, with Mcclure of Yuma
turning in low gross to date, with
a total of rs. More were qualify
ing today and the final group will
qualify tomorrow. Tuesday night
being the final date for turning in
qualifying scores.
Match play will be started
Thursday and continue through the
next Sunday.