davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1932-01-04
WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS
BY FREDERIC WILLIAM VILE.

lavish on education means anything.
Secretary Ray Lyman Wilbur's Office of
Education in the Interior Department
has just issued some staggering figures
about the amount spent in 1881 on
readin' writin', arithmetic and minor
subjects in the United States. The
total was $3,200,000 Pupils en-
rolled in public elementary schools
numbered 21,211,3 1926; in public high
schools, 4,354,815, and in institutions
OF higher learning, 1,099 468. Private
and parochial schools, both elementary
and secondary, enrolled approximately
2,700,000 pupils. Americas teachers
Numbered 100000.
** y X
Recent attacks on white women in
Hawaii by natives and Orientals have
caused the California Joint immigration
League to petition Senator King of Utah
to include in his bill for Philippine in
dependence provision excluding Fill
pino immigration into both Hawaii and
the United States. The coming of Fill
plnos In large numbers has already
created in California a serious social
problem" declares V. S. McClatchy,
leader of the California Joint Immigra-
tion Committee. He predicts an "in-
CFIIaUIe IdCldI outbreak on Jne coast
unless Filipino immigration lis speedily
stopped" Not only are there recurring
clashes between whites and Filipinos,
McClatchy says, but between different
tribes of Fflipinos themselves.
X
One of the steadily growing branches
OF usefulness of the Federal Govern
ment is the division of flngerprints
over at the Bureau of Investigation
in the Department of Justice. 1t has
been built up through the sleepless
efforts of John Edgar Hoover, director
of the bureau. In 1881 there were re-
ceived 480,524 prints, which compares
with 87,918 turned in during the divi-
Sion's first year, 1924 Chiefs of po-
lice in 1853 different cities co-operated
with Mr.. Hoover in his effort to pro-
mote a system of uniform crime re-
ports. Nearly 1900 county sheriffs
contributed Bertillon records.
X x
Society news in Washington fire.
quently is of high political Importance.
Yesterday the Polish Ambassador en-
tertained Senator Borah at lunch.
Poland and Idaho have apparently
buried the hatchet that played such
havoc during Premier Lavals visit, in
cident to Borah's plain speaking to
French journalists about the Polish
Corridor.
Copyright, 1897
Evening star., 1932-01-04
Bugaboo of Impeachment.
, tbs pIooninQton PsntaRraph.

From the Bloomington Pantagraph.
1t may have had a frightful sound to
some of the tenderfoot members OF the
House the other day to hear Repre-
sentative stand on the floor and de-
mand the impeachment Of the Presi-
dent of the United States. 1mpeach-
ment is the last resort in getting rid of
a President who Is convicted OF actions
detrimental to the Nations good.
OF the 81 Presidents, none has ever
been impeached; one was tried for i'm
peachment, but acquitted.
But 1t would be hard TO name any
President against whom there was
never q cry of 'impeach him az some
time in the House or Senate over
heated oratory in opposition 70 polcies
of the President usually reaches lts
grand climax In the demand to I'M
peach him.
But seasoned members OF Congress
usually "let it pass in one ear and OUT
of the other" so far as paying any
attention to cries for impeachment.
They realize that to bring ABOUT the
deposing of a President would be oiot
upon his name worse than the average
American remembers against Benedict
Arnold or Aaron Burr. Therefore, to
impeach a President would mean his
conviction of crimes and misdemeanors
beyond any that a previous occupant
of the office has ever committed.
Violent disagreements between a
President and members OF Congress
there have always been; violent de-
nunciations of the President on fioor
of House or Senate. -,
But calls for impeachment" usually
are waited through the halls OF Con-
gress and down over the marble stair
way OF the Capitol, TO die away in the
marshes Of the Potomac.
Evening star., 1932-01-04
Latin-American Investments

1t would be a thousand pities if the
report just submitted to the Senate
Finance Committee on defaulted for
eign bonds held in the United States
were TO result in a lesSening Of our in
terest in Latin American investments.
According to the list made public by
the committee, more than $3.50, 900 900
Is in default. All of the defaulting
debtors are South American govern
ments, states or municipalities. The
defaults include those Of sinking fund
payments, of interest, or of both.
Federal bonds have been defaulted
by Bolivia, Brazil, Chile and Peru. Not
only is the Brazilian government in
default Of the largest group of delin-
quent bonds, but nine states Of the
Brazilian government have also failed
to respect their bonded obligations.
Chilean government bonds are in ar
rears along with an issue of the city
Of Santiago. Together with bond de-
faults by the Republic of Feru is one by
the capital city of Lima,
The great majority of defaults in
South America occurred in 1881
Thereby hangs the tale. 1t was the
year OF revolutions. One after another
Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Argentina and
Brasil succumbed to the epidemic Of
unrest whach swept the vast continent
south Of the Isthmus. Naturally, ths
eeonentc PIE Of these various ecsa-
Evening star., 1932-01-04

what promises to be the largest mill
tary participation by the Federal Gov
eminent in a civil air meet in several
years. The U. 8. g.. Wright, aircraft
tender. and the U. s. s. Langley, air
! craft carrier, with their full compile
ments of planes will visit Miami The
| Army Air Corps is expected to send
one of its newly equipped pursuit
squadrons from Michigan, bombers from
Virginia and the famous Flying Comet
| from Ohio. TIE Marines will be rep
resented by picked men from Quantico.
More important to the National Capt.
| tai, however, will be conference Of
national airport and transport officials
at Miami preceding the races. One
session is to be devoted to the Colum-
bia Island controversy and its conse-
ouences. The plan of the Arlington
Memorial Bridge Commission and the
Commission Of Fine Arts to erect giant
granite columns and other threatened
hazards 70 local air transport operations
on COLUMBIA Island, apparently, is to
have far-rAching results.
The Columbia Island session is ex-
pected to develop program for ma
tional legislation to bar construction
of obstacles to air operations in the
approach areas OF busy air terminals
throughout the country. Such legisla-
ton probably will have to be of Fed
eral character, in view of the prob
lens of local politics involved. Many
large city airports are located outside Of
the political limits of the cities they
serve. The National Capitals air ter
minal, Washington Hoover Airport, for
example, is in Virginia. The Newark
Airport, which serves New York, is in
New Jersey. Many city airports are in
neighboring counties.
The year 1882 will begin with air
transportation not only firmly estab-
lished part of national life, but a grow
ing factor in world transportation and
consequently In the promotion of closer
international associations. Rate re-
ductions, extensions of service, speed
ing up of equipment; all these are
symbols of wholesome progress. Zoning
of airport surroundings and the pro-
vision Of similar safeguards to opera
tion are part of necessary program.
Evening star., 1932-01-04
Enforcement Problem Seen
In Cutting Campaign Costs

is that though the bill submitted by the
committee is futility at its Wind1est, 1t
might command enough votes among
filters at windmillS to be passed in one
or both Houses. 1t accordingly deserves
attention"
Assuming that economic conditions
are likely to enforce considerable de-
gree of economy" the Lowell Evening
Leader concludes: 1T is a difficult mat
ter to regulate, but at least it will not
be unreasonable to enact a strict ac-
counting for expenditures. That, one
suspects, operates as one OF the most
practical checks on extravaganza" The
Dallas Journal believes that the lmi-
tation would prevent excessive contrl-
buttons to a party'S cause such as have
been made in the past, with two fire.
uuent after-chargeS that the candidate
backed by the most money has Won.'
Public sentiment alone can regulate
this sort of thing" declares the Charles
ton Is. c. Evening Post, with the fur
ther comment: 1T is absurd and i'm
practicable. There is no way in which
an accurate accounting can be made
of campaign expenditures, and to put
an absolute limit upon the amount
which may be expended, with nullifi-
cation of the election as penalty would
open up the possibility of such con-
fusion as would make for worse evils
than anything that comes from present
methods. 1t would be possible, for eX-
ample, for big business and finance,
with command of unlimited resources,
to nullify the election of a distasteful
candidate who was a popular favorite
by the simple process of flooding the
campaign with money beyond the legal
limit. 1t would actually put premium
on big expenditures.
It is agreed by the ST. Louis Times
that the law would not apply to out
side unofficial interests" and that paper
charges: I'VE have had laws limiting
the amount to be spent by an individual
candidate. They have been observed
faithfully as to the letter, but not al
ways in the spirit. Take, for instance,
any candidate whose expenses are
set by State or Nation at a fixed
sum. The candidate jots down every
contribution and every expenditure. He
is honest about it and his record is
straight Meanwhile, those friends who
formerly made direct contributions
when there was no limit set on the
amount that might be expended no
longer do it to the same extent Hav-
ing a keen interest in the friends can
didacy they set up campaign plan Of
their own. There is absolutely no COL
lusion."
The Allentown Morning Call sees
possibilities of fraud in the proposed
system, and the Manchester Union re-
marks: There are so many ways in
which much more than the law allows
can be spent legitimately that the Nye
proposal is not likely to serve the ap-
parent purpose intended"
Evening star., 1932-01-04

tries was shattered TO its roots. In
most cases the fires of political unrest
were fed by the crises in trade, COM
merce and industry That as many
governments in Latin America remain
solvent or semi-solvent In light Of
everything that has happened in the
Western Hemisphere during the past
two and half years Is more note
worthy than the facts just made public
about defaulted bonds. depressing as
these revelations are.
Much will doubtless be made by GER
tain hypercritical elements in Congress
of the $24,000,000 profit in commits
sions admitted to have been made by
the National City Bank in marketing
issues of foreign bonds in the United
States, including many South Amer
ican issues. The commissions were de-
rived from flotations aggregating ST.
OIL ,955,Oo0, according to figures sub
mitted to the Senate Finance Com
mittee. But it must be presumed that
the National City Bank-as a type of
the international bankers" who spe-
cialize in foreign f1otations-has al
ways in mind the profits that will ac-
crue to America In general as well as
bond investors, from these huge trans
actions.
When Mr.. Mitchell, the chairman of
the National City board, was be-
fore the Senate committee he indi-
Gated that American bankers lay down
as fundamental condition that the
lions share Of these dollar bond issues
shall be spent IN the United States
In the case of South America there
needs also to be remembered that that
continent is one Of our best and biggest
customers. In helping it we are al
ways helping ourselves and our trade.
Evening star., 1932-01-04

| Q. How do the tusks of Indian ele-
| plants compare with those of African
| elephantS?-D M
A The tusks of African elephants
are somewhat larger. An Indian ele-
plants tusks may be feet long and
| 100 pounds in weight, while those of
full grown African elephant are rarely
less than 10 feet in length and weigh
as much as 220 pounds. These are
average figures and individuals may
| greatly SurpaSS them.
@. Where was "The Garden of
| Allah" Written?-N V. G..
| A. Much of the novel was written in
a peasants house above Taormina.
| O. How long does 1t take a., boat to
pass through the Panama Canar?-P. L.
A. A vessel proceeding without delays
requires only from 10 to IL hours for
passage OF this time three hours is
occupied in being lifted and lowered
through the locks.
O. Did a President veto the Volstead
act?-J. H. M.
A. President Wilson vetoed the Vol
stead act, October 81, 1919. and it was
passed over his veto on the same day in
the House, and the following day in the
Senate.
O. Are salt baths good for goldfish?
o. K.
A. A salt bath is very beneficial to
goldfish as a remedy for parasites and
| fungus growth which attack them.
solution of 13 ounces Of salt per gallon
! of water is prepared and the fish dipped
up and lowered into the bath, where
/ n for tUn M three
seconds. They may then be transferred
| to another vessel containing we'll aerat-
ed water of the same temperature as
that from which they were taken. This
treatment may be profitaoly repeated
daily for two or three days.
| @ Is the K in the name Knute pro-
nounced?-M. M. B.
A. The Swedish legation says that 10
| is. It is difficult for an English speak
| ing person to make the correct SOUND.
@. What was done with the dirt
taken from the Panama Canal?-L. >,
! A. AS the Panama Canal was cut
through very uneven territory, the dlrt
was used to fill in depressions.
@. When will the congressional re-
apportionment bill go into etfect?-S II.
A. III Will go LlIO ClCSO Ava V.AS AANN"
Congress. The total number OF mem-
bers in the House of Representatives
will be unchanged, but the membershlr
from some of the State will be different'
@, Should the ends of bow tie worn
| with a tuxedo be tucked under ths
points of the collar or worn outside
them?-M. F. .-,. -.
A. The tie should be worn outside OF
the points of the collar.
O. Is there any watch or clock which
keeps perfect time?-J. P.
A. No clock or watch keeps absolute
" perfect time. Astronomical clocks srs
verv carefully regulated and errors de.
terrnined regularly by observations OF
the stars. In distributing time by tele-
graph and radio the distributing clocR
is adjusted to within few hundredths
of a second Of the correct Eastern
standard time.
@. Did George washington actually
see any of the public buildings II
Washington, D. C.?-N. T.
A. He helped plan several OF taer
and saw the White House almost ready
| for occupancy and the first section On
the Capitol ready for use.
Evening star., 1932-01-04
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN.

! This is a special department devoted
to the handling of inquiries. You have
at your disposal an extensive organi-
zation in Washington to serve you in
any capacity that relates to informa-
ton. Write your question, your name
and your address clearly and inclose 2
, cents in coin or stamps for reply. send
| to The Evening Star Information Bu-
reau, Frederic j. Haskin, director,
Washington, D. c.
O. When did the New York Stock
| Exchange close and reopen during the
| World War?-J. P.
A. 1t was closed from August l,
1914, to some time in the following
December. 1t was also closed on single
days few times.
@. What is cycloglyph?-J. D. A:
A. A cycloglyph is comprehensive
composition in sculpture comparable TO
l cyclorama or panorama IN painting
@. What Is Oberammergauerpas
| estspielalpenkkrauter a t =
| fruhstuckskase?-P. r. K.
A. A literal translation Of the Ger
man word is Oberammergau Passion
Play Alpine Herb Monastery Delicate
Breakfast Cheese.
@. When will this sun spot cycle be
| over?-W. w.
A. The next sun spot minimum is
expected in 1882 or 1888.
@ Has there ever been foot ball
game decision rendered to either side
when no scores were made?-E. M.
A. This Is done when game is for
feited. The score is then returned as
2 to 0 in favor of the team not In fault.
@ What is a finer type of music
opera or classical music?-L. M. 5.
A. Opera is classical music ana mucn
of the So-called classical music Is opera,
as the term opera is the plural OF
opus. and an opera is a number OF
op,lses set to words for presentation on
the stage.
@. How does the Great American
Desert compare with the Sahara In
size?-B. C. D.
A. The Sahara has an area of about
| 3500,000 square miles. the Great
American Desert, extending from the
United States into Mexico, has an area
! of approximately 1,050,000 square miles.
O. What is the drink called dog-nose
| which is popular with the working peo-
pie of London?-B. L. T.
A. Dog-nose is ale or porter foru-
fed with gin. 1t is slang rather than
a trade name.
@. What was the nine-power pact?-
M. R. T.
A. The nine-power pact was treaty
among the United States, France,
Great Britain, Italy, Japan and signed
| by other nations, also, agreeing to
maintain the present status in the Pa
J cific.
@. Where was Charlemagne buried?
R. E.
A. He was buried at Aix-la- -Chapelle,
his favorite and usual place Of residence.
! He was, according to tradition, buried
| in a vault of a chapel in sitting pos
| ture on q gold throne, dressed in his
| full imperial costume.
@. What were the British and
French flags at the time Of the Ameri-
| can Revolution?-M. M.
A. The British flag was blue field
with the crosses of st. Andrew and St.
| George; st. George, white cross; st.
| Andrew, red. The standard OF France
at this period was white with the fieur
de lis, or lily.
Evening star., 1932-01-04
Something Wrong Somewhere.

From the Fort Worth star-Telegram.
The gavel fashioned of West Texas
mesquite wood, presented by Uvalde ad-
mirers of Speaker Garner, snapped, we
are informed by press dispatches, while
the Speaker was practicing "whacks"
for the benefit of news photographers.
There's lot of mystery hidden in the
paragraph, mystery of the sort that
makes us all wish that the news bulle-
tins would be more explicit sometimes.
A Texas mesquite is tough PROPOSE
ton. Its wood is close grained and
highly resistive to all forces tending to
disintegrate it. That a practice whack-
ing could make a wreck out of a mes
quite gaVel seems entirely impossible.
The only assumption is that only the
head Of the gavel was made of mes
quite. The handle, which was the part
that snapped, might have been fash
ioned Of some effete Eastern wood.
However, there is some comfort in the
reflection that it was a West Texan
who conquered the mesquite, an accom-
plishment which Is often more difi-
cult than it sounds, as anybody who
has ever had the clearing Of mes
quite fiat knows.
Evening star., 1932-01-04
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.

Easily Managed.
We've always found our Uncle Jim q
philosophic man.
He regulates existence on a very
pleasant plan.
He tries to do his duty as his duty
comes along,
And also has some time to spare for
friendship and for song.
A microbe wandered near. 1t had g
disposition grim.
1t straightway took a fancy to our dear
old Uncle Jim.
1t seemed to like his company. 1t set
tied down to stay.
And called in all its family to pass the
time away.
The doctors gathered round TO put the
microbe tribe to rout.
They gravely said it was no use; they
couldn't turn 'em out.
But Uncle Jim, he smiled and said: 81
like this earthly game;
There are lots of people living, and
guess III do the same"
He got the daily paper and he called
for cigar.
His general health is now cause Of
envy, near and far.
A great big heart keeps up the circula-
ton, so they say,
And a jovial disposition bsats prescrip-
tions any day.
Evening star., 1932-01-04
Gandhi Back in Jail.

In the small hours of this morning
the iron hand of Britain was clamped
down once again upon Mahatma
Gandhi, and by this time he is pre-
sumably in jail at Poona-the same
durance vile that was his lot less than
a year ago. The Nationalist leader was
rearrested under an ancient Bombay
regulation which gives the police power
to suppress agitators "for good and
sufficient reasons" Vallhabai Patel
president of the Indian National Con-
gress, was taken into custody at the
same time. The determination of the
British authorities, acting through
Viceroy Lord Willingdon, to brook nc
more insurrection at the hands OF
Gandhi and his group is thus unmis-
takably indicated
This latest act in the tragedy of India
is the elimination Of eleventh hour
efforts by moderate Nationalist leaders
to bring about another truce with the
British government. They found it i'm
possible to effect compromise over the
new ordinances against independence
activities. Evidently believing that any
concession in the direction of leniency
would be misconstrued as a sign of
British weakness and q license for fur
ther excesses, the viceroy moved swiftly
and dramatically to nip in the bud
Gandhis proclaimed new war Of mon
violence"
TIE Mahatma returns to his cell at
Poona with prophecies of "a fiery or
deal" on his lips. He likens the strug-
gle facing India to Americas fight for
independence against the same British
oppressor. india, too," he says, shall,
in Gods time, achieve her freedom by
suffering, sacrifice and non-violence. "
If bloodshed occurs, and Gandhi seems
certain it will, he lays it in advance
upon the head of Britain. That she
is prepared to resort to it, If necessary,
GandlJ reads between the lines of
Viscount Willingdon's assertion that
1--WE are prepared to deal with the Ma
tionalist movement with all the re-
sources at our command"
One of the extreme measures to which
the iceroy is ready to resort Is to ban
the Indian National Congress as an IL
legal organization. The embargo would
make it grave offense for anybody TO
contribute funds to the congress, which
is the spearhead of the independence
crusade. Such prescription would be
aimed at wealthy Bombay mill owners
and merchants, who have hitherto fur
nished the bulk of Gandhi's campaign
funds.
Here in the remote West it is impos-
sible to foreshadow with even approx
mate assurance what may now happen
in India. Gandhi says the war for in
dependence will go on-for months, for
years, or for decades-and that while
"the terror" lasts his people will, il
necessary, sacrifice all" If the world
may rely on that pledge, it can also take
equally for granted the bulldog per-
siStence with which Great Britain will
rebuff any and all attempts to wrest
India from her by force. Gandhi and
his Nationalists have been offered do
minion home rule-local self-govern-
ment within the framework of the en-
pire. They sullenly scorned it. How
they are going to better their position
by "non-violent" resistance to British
overlordship is something which Gandhi
and his idolatrous followers may under
stand, but which observers remote from
the distressful Indian scene fail to COM
nrehend.
Evening star., 1932-01-04

Who says that this is not the violet
season? Ellsworth Vines, jr., tennis
star, has just published his national
rankings. Ellsworth Vines, jr, Is put
down as Number One. Neither Ty Cobb
nor Babe Ruth, both hardened profess
sionals, ever placed himself on an all
time or all-league base ball team.
Evening star., 1932-01-04

Impetuous japanese officials and SOL
diers who are arresting and assaulting
peaceable Americans In Manchurta do
not seem to have quite grasped the idea
that Tokyo has been at considerable
pains to promulgate that the penetra-
ton of the three eastern provinces" Of
China is an entirely peaceable proceed
ing
Evening star., 1932-01-04

If that memorial statue to William
Jennings Bryan is going up here, is II
because of his losing record? Even thai
was SO far behind that of Sir Thomas
Upton that the erection might seen
like an injustice to q greater man ir
the same line.
Evening star., 1932-01-04

A rich gold strike in the Philippines
ID just reported. viii there now be
another of those great "rushes" that
have marked the opening Of new lodes
Of the precious metal ever since man
began TO dig for yellow grains?
Evening star., 1932-01-04
Rate by MaiI-Payable in Advance.
MARYLAND and Virginia.
an Other State and Canada.
Member Of the Associated Press.

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled
TO the use for republication of all EewS dis
patches credited to IT or not otherwise cred
tied in this paper and also the local news
published herein. All rights Of publication OF
special dispatches herein are also deserved.