The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-12-30
Business to Affect
Politics Nest Year
kaiser return Is ., private citizen.
FRANCE

kaiser return Is . private citizen.
FRANCE
Outstanding among world events
vas Frances default ON . 90, 000, 900
var debt payment due the United
'tates Dec. is. Premier Herriot urged
ayment and was overthrown, the ma
IN apparently being angered by
resident Hoover's one-year mora
)rium which halted German repara-
lions payments to France-perhaps
never to be resumed.
On May 6, President Paul Doumer,
Is, was assassinated by Paul Gorgu-
loft, demented Russian. later guillo-
tined. Four days later Albert LeBrun,
president Of the senate, was elected
president. Aristide BRAND, II times
premier, died.
ITALY
On Oct. 23, Mussolinis Tascists cell
ebrated the 10th anniversary Of his
dictatorship with = great demonstra-
ton in Rome.
Shortly after tho Lausanne confer
ence-which failed to wipe the slate
clean Of inter-allied war debts, &C.
cording to his wishes-Mussolini fired
five cabinet ministers. Beginning in
January, Mussolini continued to sug-
gest general war debt cancellation In
Europe and presentation of q united
debt cancellation front to the United
States. Italy paid its Dec. is war
debt instalment to Washington.
RUSSIA
On April 2. Stain, ex-bomb thrower
now boss Of Russia's many millions,
observed his 10th anniversary as gen.
eral secretary Of the Communist party.
On Nov. Is, the 18th anniversary Of
the revolution was celebrated as thou
sands Of Red soldiers paraded past
Lenins tomb In Moscow's Red Square.
The year marks the close Of Rus
sta's "five-year plan," which, although
1t has fallen short in many lines. has
laid the framework Of q socialist or
der.
indicative was the dedication Of the
great Dnieprostroy dam on Oct. 10.
Built by American engineers, It Is the
largest power project in the world and
eventually will supply electricity to an
area Of 10000 square miles with q
population of 70,O00,O00. Despite in
dustrial progress. living conditions In
Russia grew worse.
SPAIN
The Spanish republic continued the
steady progress 1t has been making
since King Alfonso was overthrow in
1881. Outstanding achievements have
included one Of the most liberal con-
stitutions In the world and sweeping
land laws that split up vast feudal
estates.
In August. General Jose 6anjurjo
attempted an unsanctioned monarchist
revolt. President Zamora committed
Sanjurjos death sentence.
SOUTH AMERICA
Economic conditions In South Amer
lean republics started off In 1882 with
default Of $8CQ. 900 900 in bonds owned
by United States investors, and grew
worse Is the year advanced.
Revolutions, mostly arising from
economic depression, flared in many
countries. The most serious was in
Brazil, continuing from early July un.
til October. closing the great coffee
port OF Santos. Chile, for 80 years q
democratic republic, went socialistic
after q bloodlesS revolt In June and
since has had six revolt governments.
Though no formal declaration Of
war has been made. Bolivia and Para
quay have been fighting since July
IN the swampy Gran Chaco. Casual
ties are estimated up to 5000.
MEXICO
General Abelardo Rodriguez, right
arm Of the aging General Gales, was
chosen president to succeed Ortiz
Rubio, resigned. Rodriguez. II, has
continued breaking up big estates for
peasant lands and the long strife be-
tween Mexico government and the
Catholic church over laws restricting
religion. Recently. the apostolic dele
gate to Mexico was deported.
On April S, Ftnland-only dry coun-
try except the United States-rejected
prohibition after II years.
SIAM
On June "a. one Of the worlds last
absolute monarchies passed when
King Prajadhipok fell victim to pop
ular revolt which set up q constitu-
tiona monarchy and granted the peo-
pie the right to vote.
IRAK
Born in 1882 Gin addition to the
puppet Manchoukuo) was q new ma
tton-the tiny kingdom Of Irak, bord-
ering Persia. It came into being on
petition Of Great Britain to the
League Of Nations, and amid strong
odor Of British OH concessions. King
Fiesal, successor to the once mighty
caliphs Of Bagdad. traces his ancestry
to Fatima, only daughter OF Mahomet.