Evening star., 1932-09-27

to Europe We will again be sending
abroad great share of the surplus
production of our fields, orchards, pas
! lures. stock pens, creameries and pack
ing plants. This realization of water
transportation to the sea, Of which the
MidweStern producers have dreamed
all these years, means more than can
be stated in brief.
These midwestern producers have
been operating upon the longest rail
radius of any agricultural producers in
brought 1900 miles inland releases them
from land-locked situation which
made transportation the tragedy Of their
toiling lives.
1t will save the producers from to
10 cents on every bushel of grain sent
abroad; it will save life percentage
upon meats and the other surplus food
products sent abroad; it will save in
like degree upon materials brought from
the seaboard to the Middle West.
Bringing the seaway 1900 miles into
this Middle West will make the Great
Lakes veritable American Mediter-
ranean. 1t will bring to Chicago and
other Great Lakes ports new meaning
new power, new destiny which
comes from being ocean ports in direct
connection with the seas Of the world.
1t will not only increase our agri-
cultural prosperity, 1t will multiply our
industrial life; it will make Chicago one
of the greatest industrial and export
centers Of the world.
Benefits Are Equitable.
Those who raise objection to the
treaty have sought to point out that the
treaty makers have yielded an undue
advantage to Canada on the subject of
water diversion and surrendered point
of alleged sovereignty by seeking to
place limit upon the amount of water
that might be diverted from Lake Mich
igan into the Chicago canal for naviga-
ton purposes,
1t is obvious, of course, that no treaty
would be accepted either by the United
States Senate or the Parliament of
Canada which was not essentially equit-
able.
The possibility of diversion which
might seriously affect the seaway was
not limited to Lake Michigan at
Chicago
Moreover. on the question of sur
rendering rights the United States has
given Canada no privilege greater than
that which Canada gives US in the free
and unlimited use of the Welland
Canadian territory, and equal oppor-
tunity in which the terms OF this
treaty gives to the United States
No argument would justify any pro-
vision in the St. Lawrence waterway
treaty which deprived Chicago not only
Of an adequate amount Of water for
her sewage but an adequate amount to
make commercially safe the ninefoot
barge canal for which the Federal
Government has provided and for the
success of which the Federal Govern
ment must be responsible.
The subject of Chicago's right to
diversion has already been dealt with
by the Supreme Court upon an action
brought by her neighbors. Wisconsin,
Minnesota. Michigan. Ohio. PennsyI-
vania and New York.
The Supreme Court fixed 1900 cubic
feet as the amount of water adequate
for proper drainage through the Chi
cago sanitary district canal. To this is
added domestic pumpage. which, when
this treaty becomes effective, will
amount to 1000 cubic feet and will in
crease each year as Chicago's domestic
| use increases.
1t now amounts to 1,700 cubic second
feet. This will give flow at Lockport
permissible under the treaty Of 3,400
cubic second feet, which is more than
three times the average water flow Of
the Ohio River at Pittsburgh.
To operate this 9-foot barge canal
the water provided under this treaty is
two and one-half times the yearly aver
age amount required for lockages in the
Panama Canal, which carriesethe heav-
lest shipping of the world. 1t is IT
times the low-water flow Of the Monon-
gahela River, which carries an aver
age yearly tonnage Of two and one-half
times that estimated for the Illinois
waterway.
Emergencies Considered.
Notwithstanding the ample security
! revealed in these engineering facts, the
treaty contains the added provision that
in the event of any emergency which
discloSes that the water provided Is not
sufficient, greater diversion may be
allowed under the direction of an inter-
| national tribunal on which the United
| States and Canada each will have
member, the third member, the chair
man of the arbitration board. to be
agreed upon by the two representatives
Of the interested countries.
The total cost to Canada Of these
works Is $270,976.0c0 to the United
States, $272, 2,453,000. The cost Of the
enterprise to the Dominion government
is reduced by something like $110,000,-
900, which Ontario pays for the half
of water power which is generated as
a by-product Of navigation.
The cost to the Federal Government
Of the United States, will be reduced
by whatever amount Congress requires
| New York to pay for the American half
of this power. The entire amount of
power made possible is 1900, 900 horse
power, which, according 70 the terms