Evening star., 1932-04-10

world for the baIloonist, will be flown
from Omaha during the last week Of
May.
The race will be hotly contested
The United States has won the In
ternational race for the Gordon Ben
nett Trophy during the past two con-
tests and third victory will give this
Nation permanent possession. The
American entry in the international,
together with the last winner.
Decision to award the race to Omaha
was made by the National Aeronautic
Association. The race will be the high
light of the Second Annual Omaha
Air Races, to be held May 27-30, in
elusive. A team of three Army bal
looms Is expected to compete and two
Goodyear balloons already have been
entered.
The international race is to be held
at Basel, Switzerland, September Is,
under the auspices Of the Aero Club
of Switzerland.
Engine Power Is Increased.
The constant quest for airplane mo-
tors of greater power has resulted dur
ing the past few months in production
of radial air-cooled engines Of greater
capacity than any ever known. At the
same time the proportionate engine
weight has been materially decreased.
One of the new engines which has
attracted considerable attention is a
two-row radial rated at 625-horse-
power which has been developed Tor
the Navy. This engine, mounted In
Vought scouting plane, has been on
exhibition at the Detroit Aircraft SHOW
during the past week. The two-row
radial, which in effect Is two radial
engines, one mounted Immediately pc
hind the other, is a radica! change
from the conventional smgie-row
radial. It is the result OF two years
of combined effort by experts OF the
Navy Department and commercial air
craft companies.
The new Navy two-row rad1al engine
has a weight of only one and one-tnlro
pounds per horsepower. Thougn Iur
ther analyses and tests must be car
ried out. the Navy Department has an
nounced, it is believed that the new
engine will insure greater smoothness,
less frontal area, better vision for the
pilot, sufficient power and better reha-
bility and durability than that OF cur
rent types.
New Motors Appear.
At the same time, a new line OF radial
engines of increased power has Deen
developed by Pratt g. Whitney engl-
neers in response to the constant de-
nand for Increased performance In
modern air transportation and military
fiying. The Wasp Junior engines now
are developing from 800 to AIS morse
power, the Wasps from 420 TO $50 horse
power and the Hornets SIS TO 6oV
horsepower, 1t has been reported In ao-
vices to the Army and Navy Depart
ments. which are large users OF these
engines. All these engines weigh less
than one and one-hah pounds pei
horsepower.
AS a part of the development Of en-
zines of increased horsepower compress
sion ratios have been increased repeat.
edly. necessitating the use OF improved
fuels which have higher anti-knocl
rating. This has required the co-opera.
tior of the large fuel refining COM
panies, which are producing specia
fuels for the new aviation engines.
The increased compression makes i'm
perative increased piston and cylinder
strength to prevent destruction OF the
motors. The increased strength must
be provided Without increase OF weight
proving the metals used and important
new metallurgical developments have
resulted from the intensive engine
progress. Forgings are being used In
place of castings where greater strength
is required.
Superchargers Are Improved.
Power also is being increased by in
~ q
the feeding of air under pressure into
the carburetor. The increase Of super
charging, which now is being used not
only for flying at high attitudes, where
the air pressure is lower, but also at sea
level, has required improved super
chargers.
The new types of blowers used for
supercharging make possible the opera
ton of the modern airplane engines at
full throttle at sea level, with super
charging ratios formerly possible only
at high attitudes.
Oil temperature regulators are being
provided which utilize the temperature
drop caused by evaporation of the fuel
to cool the oil. The Oil regulator con-
sists of a housing containing a tube
through which exhaust gases may be
directed to warm the mixture and 9
TdulhIOT COiC LLlC 1C-
turn oil is passed to cool the oil. Ar
automatic valve is provided to send the
oil through the heater when cold and
through the radiator when hot.
Foreign Air Laws Vary.
The absence of uniform internationa
agreements governing airplane flights
over foreign territory places unneces
| sary complications in the path of those
who wish to do their world cruising b.
air, as ever-increasing numbers are do
| ing.
{ Requirements governing flights o.
American planes over foreign countries
| are the result Of individual negotia
! tiors and there is a wide variety o
conditions imposed upon aircraft own
| ers, pilots and passengers among th'
various countries.
! Requirements of Is of the nations fo
| flights over their territory have jus
been outlined by the Department o
Commerce on the basis of arrangement
made by the State Department.
A majority of the nations forbit
carrying Of firearms or photography
equipment and require posting Of bont
or taking out Of insurance to cove
damage to property or death or iniur.
Of citizens as a result Of accident.
Colombia requires that no arms o.
munition be carried and that, excep
under special license, all photograph
Mnn6z Nh IN IfI