davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1932-11-25
Shorter Work Week and Work Day
Necessary, A. F. Of L. Council Says
Not More Than % Hours Per Week if Millions Of Unem-
plOyed Are to Have Jobs-50 and Hour Week Still
Prevails in Some Industries.

under the revolutionary amount of
labor displacing machinery introduc-
ed since 1919, the council declared:
Large Increase in Output
"ln the period from 1919 to 1929
labor saving machinery and devices
made sweeping reductions in human
labor needed in industry, but work
hours were not adjusted. Factories
turned out az per cent more product
With 241, 900 fewer workers; railroads
carried more freight, but dropped
$4,000 workers; coal mines laid off
$4,000; agriculture, 100000.
with industry operating at pea
activity in 1929, 2,4O0 900 were unem
ployed. In factories, work time need
cd for the same work was reduced
from 50 to "a hours a week by tech
1ical improvements in this decade,
but the actual work week declined
only from So to SO hours.
"The average work week in all in
dustry was about 49 hours. If the
unemployment had been put to work
there would not have been over 45
hours week for each worker.
Union Hour Standards
''Trade union standards averaged
448 hours week at that time. Since
1929, depression has forced still
greater use Of labor saving devices.
The return of normal times could not
provide even Al hours work week
for all now.
"The fve-day, 40-hour week and
the six-hour day with 36-hour week
represent standards applicable to
normal times at present. But in the
emergency of this fall and winter,
hours must be reduced even below
this standard to provide work for the
unemployed and prevent starvation"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1932-11-25
Eleven Million Jobless;
Forty Million in Poverty
A. F. of L. Executive Council Says Three Years of Unem-
ployment Have Reduced 6O000,0OO Persons Below
Decent Living Standards.

part time this year first nine
months), and that part time work
increased from 10 per cent in January
to % per cent in September.
with these losses, due to full or
part unemployment, and with curtail-
ment of wages in addition, millions
of workers families are living far
below the minimum standard for
health and efficiency
40 Millions in Poverty
eve estimate that, counting all
workers and those dependent upon
them, at least 6O,O00,O00 persons are
now living below minimum standard
nearly half our entire population.
Forty millions of them have been
dragged into poverty by depression;
twenty million more are in industries
where living conditions even in nor
NAL times are below standard
Unemployed in 1880
"The federation estimates of un-
employment in the United States,
based on government figures, show
that this year nearly 100000 more
persons have been out of work than
in April, 1880. Unemployment this
year increased steadily till Septem-
Der. Although normally employment
improves during the spring and there
are more jobs in summer than in
winter, this year over 100000 per-
sons were thrown out of work from
January to August; only 100000 of
them fourd even temporary work in
| September.
TRADE union figures show a small
er percentage of unemployment than
that of workers as whole. The per
| cent of trade union members out of
work this year has averaged 23.7
| while the average for the country as
a whole was 318 per cent (nine
months). This is striking evidence of
the protection unions have given their
members"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1932-11-25
Steel Continues Gains

Pittsburgh ILNS)-The iron and
steel industry entered November
somewhat cheered by the third con-
secutive monthly gain in untitled or
ders of the U. S. Steel Corporation.
The corporations backlog increased
to 1897 900 tons on October 81 from
1850 tons on September 80 and
100000 tons on August 81. The un-
filled tonnage at the close of July
lowest in years, was reported as
100000 tons. The gain during Octo-
Der occurred in spite of an increased
rate of mill operations.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1932-11-25
AH Unemployment Insurance
Plan Protects Union Rights

of beer containing 3.75 per cent alco-
hol by weight was demanded by the
executive council of the American
Federation of Labor in the councils
report to the annual convention of
the federation here.
The council expressed the convic-
tion that the amendment would not
only help temperance, but would also
provide work for thousands of the
jobless.
conventions of the American Fed
Grafton of Labor have repeatedly de-
clared the opposition of the Ameri-
can Federation of Labor to the Vol.
stead act" the report declared. "These
conventions recommended that the
Volstead act be amended so as to
provide for the manufacture of beer
containing 275 per cent alcohol by
weight.
"This action of the American Fed
GRAFTON of Labor can be properly in
terpreted as a genuine desire on the
part of the membership of the Amer
lean Federation of Labor to promote
the cause of temperance, and, in ad-
dition, through the rehabilitation of
the brewing and related industries,
create work opportunities for thou
sands of idle people.
During the recent session of con-
gress number of measures were in
troduced providing for modification of
the Volstead act. Unfortunately, nc
favorable vote was taken, but an in
creasing number of members of con-
gress voted in favor Of a modifca-
tion of the Volstead act.
at must be clearly evident to al
classes of people that public opinion
has greatly changed upon this ques.
ton. One of the major political par.
ties incorporated in its platfrom {
declaration in favor of immediate
modification of the Volstead act.
"The indications are that favorabl,
action providing for a modification o.
the Volstead act as recommended b!
the American Federation of Labor
will be taken at the short session
of congress which meets on Decem
Der 5.
"All that has transpired in connec
tion with this important social ques
tion jus.ifies the position assumed
by the American Federation of La
Dor in early demanding the modifica
tion of the Volstead act.
at is the definite purpose of tn
American Federation of Labor to con
tinue its efforts to bring about mod
ification of the Volstead act provid
| ing for the manufacture and sale O.
wholesome beer containing 275 pc
cent alcohol by weight at the earlies
possible date.
"The executive council will presen
an earnest appeal and strong de
mand to the members of congress
when the short session convenes OF
December to pass the necessar,
| legislation providing for a modifica
tion of the Volstead act without de
lay and at the earliest possible date
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1932-11-25

Cincinnati, Ohio.-With over 120,.
100000 of people in the United States
requiring food, clothing, shelter, edu-
cation, and the conveniences and COM
forts of life, there is not more than
% hours of work per week for our
working men and women, including
those with and without jobs.
This significant conclusion was
reached by the executive council of
the American Federation of Labor in
/ its report on "Our Outgrown Work
| Week" to the federation's annual
convention here.
'In May, 1882, the labor depart
ment gathered figures showing actual
man hours worked in $4,000 firms
covering 103 industries" the council
said
'The actual hours of work done by
the average employed worker was
Al per week. This figure covers
2,440,000 workers, or slightly over
one-tenth of all industrial wage and
salaried workers at work in May in
the United States.
Not Even 80 Hours Work for All
Assuming that the labor depart
ment survey represents the situation
in industry generally, clearly the act
ual amount of work to be done in
the United States will not furnish
employment for all who want work at
even 80 hours a week.
"In May, 1882, there were roughly
100000 unemployed and 23,000,000
wage and salaried workers at work
outside of agriculture.
can average week of Al hours
worked by 23,000,000 persons repre-
sents total of DAB 100000 man-hours
work to be done per week.
% Hours Is Limit
"If this work is to furnish employ
ment for ALL the 34,000,000 who want
work will have less than 28 hours
each per week. These are rough fig
ures, but they indicate the problem
we have to face.
"When this is the situation, is it
wise to run our industries on even a
41-hour schedule and keep 100000
without work and without income?
''In some industries, hours still av-
erage over so week-oil producing
and hotels-and hundreds of individ-
ual plants employing thousands are
working a 60-hour week and more in
other industries.
"To reduce these extremes would
create employment for thousands, and
this should be a first move. But the
48 and even the 44-hour week are
outgrown schedules now, and we must
recognize that a change is essential" "
Employers Refuse Shorter Hours
Definitely placing the respons ibility
for large portion of our unemploy-
ment squarely on those who own and
control industry by their refusal to
reduce the length of the work day
and work week in accordance with
the increased output Of the workers
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1932-11-25
Executive Councils Model Measure Includes
Clerical and Manual Workes and Maks En-
ployers Pay All Costs.

where strikes or where unfavorable
wages prevail, or under conditions
which would restrict the workers
| right to membership in trade unions.
On these points the council said:
Insurance in general should cover
temporary and involuntary unem-
ployment. Unemployment means the
conditions caused by the inability OF
an employe who is capable of and
available for employment to obtain
work in his usual employment or in
another for which he is reasonably
| fitted.
Nothing in the unemployment
compensation act should require an
employe to accept employment, nor
should any employe forfeit his right
to benefits under the act by refusing
to accept employment under any or
all of the following conditions:
"(a) In situation vacant directly
in consequence of stoppage of work
due to a trade dispute:
cob If the wages, hours and con-
| ditions offered are less favorable to
the employees than those prevailing
| for similar work in the locality, or
are such as tend to depress wages
and working conditions;
"(c) If acceptance of such employ
ment would abridge or limit the right
of the employe either (1) to refrain
from joining a labor organization OF
! association of workmen, or q to re-
| tain membership in and observe the
rules Of any such organization or as
sociation;
"(d) Workers who quit work with
out good cause or who are discharged
for misconduct shall not thereby for.
felt benefits beyond a reasonable pc
riod."
Includes Clerical and Manual
Workers
/ IHe COuHCll Sdlu IIldI DOlI CleI ICd
and manual workers should be cover
ed by unemployment insurance ant
that in general it would probably be
wise to follow the coverage Of state
workmen's compensation acts, an6
that receipt of unemployment benefits
should entail loss of suffrage or Other
civil rights.
SIS a Week for Is Weeks
With regard to the amount anc
duration of benefits the council sait
they would of course vary according
to states, but pointed out that in con
, ditions obtaining in Ohio "a contri
button of per cent of the total pay
roll makes it possible after wait
ing period of three weeks per yeal
to pay benefits for a maximum periot
of 16 weeks in a year based upon 81
per cent of the normal weekly wages
but not to exceed SIS week."
The council also opposed plant in
surance systems set up by individual
employers or corporations and def
nitely declared that private insurance
companies should not be permitted tt
write unemployment insurance.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1932-11-25

Cincinnati, Ohio.-In approving the
general principle of compulsory un-
employment insurance, the executive
council of the American Federation
of Labor in its report to the annual
convention of the federation here,
submitted a plan calling for insur-
ance by state laws instead of by the
federal government.
While expressing the conviction
that the enactment of one uniform
| insurance measure covering the en-
tire United States would be prefer
able, the council said that the federal
constitution as interpreted by the
courts made it impossible to secure
! such a measure.
Unemployment insurance legisla-
tion must therefore come from the
| separate states, with supplementary
federal legislation, including the Dis
trict of Columbia and territories, as
well as employees engaged in inter-
state commerce.
The detailed plan for a model un-
employment insurance act which the
council presented to the convention
covered a number of significant fea-
I lures.
Trade Union Protection
The council declared that "every
unemployment insurance act should
contain specific provisions to protect
union members from being obliged to
accept work contrary to the rules and
regulations of their organizations or
employment under such conditions as
tend to depress wages or working
conditions" and that provision should
also be made for ga full measure of
protection to the membership Of the
the American Federation of Labor
and the preservation of the right to
become member and to continue
membership in a trade union"
C0mpulsion Favored
In discussing voluntary versus
compulsory insurance, the council
said:
/ "The American Federation of La.
Dor advocates a scheme of unemploy-
ment compensation made compulsory
by law. Voluntary schemes are un.
| likely to pervade industry generally
and are frequently open to other Sc.
rious objections. Only by compulsory
legislation can workers be adequately
protected"
Employers Should Pay All Costs
In expressing it's conviction thai
the entire cost of insurance fund:
should be paid by employers, the
council declared:
"Since unemployment is, to Ger
tain extent, one of the inevitable in
cidents of production and must, there
fore, be regarded as part of the in
escapable cost of industry, it, like
other costs of industry, should bt
paid by industry itself. 1t, therefore
follows that, as matter of of prin
ciplc, no part of the contributions te
support unemployment insurance
should be paid out of the wages Of
labor, but the whole should be paie
by management as part Of the cost
Of production. The necessary funds
should be raised as charge on in
dustry."
Eligibility For Benefits
The council also declared that un
employed insured workers should not
be compelled to accept work in plants
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1932-11-25

Cincinnati, Ohio.-The nationwide
wholesale lockout which those who
own and control industry have impos-
ed on American workers with increas-
ing severity during the last three
years have driven 100000 into the
army of totally unemployed by Au-
gust of this year with an average of
10,826,00O for the first nine months,
and many millions more have had
their earnings reduced by part time
unemployment.
This unparalleled devastation of
working men and women has driven
60,000,000 persons to living conditions
much below recognized standards and
dragged forty millions out of the six
ty into poverty.
These startling figures were pre-
sented to the annual convention of the
American Federation of Labor here
by the federation's executive council.
In analyzing the number of the un-
employed by groups, trades, and part
time workers the council said:
Nearly one-third of all our non
agricultural wage and small salaried
workers have been unable to earn
their livelihood this year, and in the
summer months more than one-third
have been without income. This is the
general average, but in many indus
tries the situation is far worse.
Trade Union Unemployed
"In October, union reports show 65
per cent out of work in building, 46
per cent in metal trades, az per cent
in manufacturing, 38 per cent in
water transport, 81 per cent in the
atres, and 80 per cent among musi-
clans and other professionals.
During the summer unemployment
in clothing and textile industries
reached 81 per cent. Some cities re-
port conditions even worse than this
"In October, building trades report
that in Cleveland 76 per cent of their
membership were out of work and IN
addition IA per cent on part time SC
that only 10 per cent had full en-
ployment; in Buffalo, 70 per cent were
out of work and only 13 per cent hac
full employment; in Birmingham, De.
troit, Pittsburgh, San Antonio, Seat
tie, conditions are similar or ever
worse.
"Metal trades report that in Los
Angeles only / per cent of their
membership were on full time in Oc-
tober, Sc per cent out of work; II
Cleveland only per cent on full time
63 per cent out of work. Similar re-
ports could be listed indefinitely fol
other trades
Millions On Part Time
"In addition to those entirely with.
out work, millions more have only
part time employment. A number Of
industries, especially in manufactur
ing and mining, report that more
than half those at work are on short
schedule; in manufacturing, those or
part time average less than three
quarters of their full pay, and many
are receiving less than half pay.
Reports from trade unions show
that an average of nearly 81 per cent
of the membership have been working
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1932-11-25
20 Cents Per Day and Keep
For JObless in Nova Scotia

Halifax, Nova Scotia.-Authoritie
here announced that work for unem-
ployed single men would be provided
at relief camps with lodging, meals
and 20 cents per day for each days
work actually performed. Each ap-
plicant must pass a medical exami-
nation. The work relief does not in
clude jobless married men.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1932-11-25
V0LSTEAD ACT
Change Asked BY AFL
Council

Cincinnati, Ohio.-The immediate
amendment of the Volstead act so as
to permit the manufacture and sale
Milford chronicle., 1932-03-25
HARRISON

Mrs. Ella Marvel and Mrs. Annie
Lingo of Rehoboth spent Sunday
with Mr.. and Mrs. U. L. Walls.
Mrs. Leora Paynter of Wilmington
spent a part of last week with her
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Hiram Mirch.
Mr.. and Mrs. Luther Veasey re-
turned home on Friday after spend
ing several days with relatives in
Philadelphia.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Walls and
family of Wilmington spent the
weekend with Mr.. and Mrs. Charles
r. Davidson.
viii Atkins of Lewes visited Mr..
and Mrs. U. L. Walls on Sunday.
The entertainment that was held
in the school house last Friday
night netted $12.75.
Miss Bessie Davidson of Whining
ton spent the weekend with her
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Charles A.
Davidson.
There will be services in the
church on Sunday. The topic for the
sermon will be The Tower
of His Resurrection"
There will be an Easter program
held Sunday night consisting Of
songs and dialogues by
the. Sunday school. Everyone vel
come.
Milford chronicle., 1932-03-25
LOVERS COURAGEOUS AT REESE
THEATRE THIS FRIDAY MD
SATURDAY, MARCH 1926
No One Man, CheateTs .tt Play And
Polly OF the Circus Listed
For Next Week

Another unusual program is
scheduled for showing at the Reese
Theatre this weekend and for the
coming week.
The leap year romance Lovers
Courageous" with Robert Montgom-
cry and Madge Evans is listed for
presentation this Friday and Satur-
day, March 25 and 2G. Montgomery
fans are assured q rare treat in This
ideal Montgomery picture.
On Monday and Tuesday. March
% and 20, Paramount presents the
sensational 'NO One Man" with
Paul Lukas, Carol Lombard and ri
cardo Cortez, adapted from the IA
nous Rupert Hughes story. Many
have read the story and many more
will enjoy this new Paramount pic
ture in screen form.
The ever popular Thomas Meig-
han, supported by the funny Char
lotte Greenwood appear in 1he new
Fox picture "Cheaters At Play" on
Wednesday and Thursday, March 80
and 81 A different Kind OF picture.
"Cheaters At Play" will prove enc
of the most enjoyable of screen mel
Odramas.
A big weekend show is scnedIlod
for Friday and Saturday, ADril | and
2 as Clark Gable appears opposite
Marion Davies in Metros newest
production "Polly of The Circus" on
these dates.
Milford chronicle., 1932-03-25
Students To Be Raised
To Future Farmers

The agricultural students of
Georgetown High School will pre-
sent a program on Friday morning,
April 1, in the assembly hall.
The program will be raising green
hands to future farmers. The fol-
lowing boys will be raised to future
farmers: William Wolfe, j., Will
liam Walton, Cornell and Howard
Sammons. These four boys have met
the six requirements which they are
required to meet in order to become
future farmers. These requirements
are as follows:
Satisfactory completion of at
least one year in Vocational AgTi-
culture. including a program of su-
pervised practice.
2-Earn and deposit in n bank, or
otherwise productivity invest at
least $500.
3-Be regularly enrolled in Voca-
tional Agriculture with an ampliled
supervised practice program.
4-Recite from memory the "Fu-
ture Farmers" creed.
5-Be able to lead a discussion fer
ter minutes.
6-Receive a majority vote of the
Milford chronicle., 1932-03-25
LINCOLN CITY

Mr.. and Mrs. c. z. Reed and Will
liam Shockley of Brookline. Pa, and
Mr.. and Mrs. II. d. Cook, Mr. and
Mrs. Harry Warren were dinner
guests of Mr.. and Mrs. George H..
Warren on Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Beck and son
Newlin of Narberth, Pa, spent Sat
urday and Sunday with Mr. and Mrs.
Boyce Short and family.
Miss Eliza Potter and niece, Mrs.
Herman Wright of Milford, Mrs.
Eliza Donovan and Mrs. John DonO-
van spent Monday in Wilmington.
Mr. and Mrs. LinwOOd Holden and
daughter Doris and Robert J. Mar
ker of Philadelphia spent Sunday
and Monday with Mrs. r. ]. Marker
and family.
The regular meeting Of the w. G.
r. U. will meet with Mrs. Annie
Burris on Tuesday afternoon, March
30. A good attendance is desired.
Mrs. Julia Clendaniel, Mr. and
Mrs. Howard Postles, Frank Glen
daniel and son Richard visited Rev
and Mrs. J. w. Prettyman at North
East, Md, on Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. c. E. Reed and VIM.
Shockley of Philadelphia were the
guests of Mr.. and Mrs. Harry War
rem on Sunday.
Milford chronicle., 1932-03-25
BIG UNIT VAUDEVILLE STAGE
SHOW At PLAZA

An Easter program of unusual
merit is scheduled for patrons Of the
New Plaza Theatre, Milford, COM
mencing today, Friday and cCntinu-
ing Saturday with a bargain matt
nee on Saturday at 2:30, when the
much talked about Lovers COuraG-
eous" featuring Robert Montgomery
and Madge Evans will be the screen
offering along with Zazu Pitts and
Thelma Todd short comedy Red
Noses" also a Mickey Mouse car
toon. This time Mickey's "In Dutch
On Monday, Tuesday an1 Wedncs-
day, March %, 30 and 80, the biggest
unit vaudeville stage presentation
ever offered by this theatre will he
presented. Edith Hess" queen Of
jazz and her Golden Gate Revue"
and 40 All Girl Stage Band" assis-
ted by vaudeville headliners "Kane,
Harris and Marguereta" and the
Mickey Mouse Trio, Dixon. Conc
and King" The boys who do the
singing and talking in the Mickey
Mouse cartoons, will round out an
evening of real stage entertainment.
On the screen in conjunction with
this exceptional vaudeville Offering,
on Monday and Tuesday, will be
Sydney Fox and Frances Doe IN
Mice Women" While on Wednesday
the screen Offering will change and
this time Charlotte Greenwood and
Thomas Meighan will be seen and
hear din "Cheaters At Play"