davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-03-18
CHAUNCEY OLCOYT,
AMERICAN SINGER,
DEAD IN EUROPE
71-Year-OId Reached Greatest
Fame Through Singing
of Irish Ballads

Paris, March IL. -R-C hauncey
Olcott, noted American singer, died at
Monte Carlo Friday morning.
He was born in Buffalo. N. Y, July
81. 1860. Although his greatest fame
in the U. S. was as a singer Of Irish
ballads, Olcott first appeared on the
stage as a member Of a minstrel
troupe. He also achieved consider
able reputation in comic opera roles
In more recent years, before hts re-
tirement, he specialized in romantic
comedy, clinging to the Celtic tradi-
ton that had grown up about him.
MY Wild Irish Rose" which achieved
tremendous popularity from one end
of the country to the other. in its
time, was one Of his most famous bal
lads. It was in Irish roles. singing
Irish lyrics, that his public liked him
best.
He made his debut on the legiti-
mate stage as Pablo in "Pepita" at
the old Union Square Theatre in New
York In 1886. Then he played in THE
Old Homestead" famous rural Amer
lean comedy drama.
He had suffered from anemia for
the last II years and was reported in
a dying condition Thursday. The end
came this morning at the Villa at
Monte Carlo where his wife and son
had been caring for him.
Mrs. Olcott said the funeral would
be at New York and she hoped to sail
with the body from Villefranche Sat-
urday.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-03-18
House HITS HARDAT
INCOME OF RICH in
TWO AMENDMENTS
Raises Tax on Incomes OF 49,.
900 and Increases Sur
taxes on Big Incomes

Washington, March 18.-(P)-The
house struck hard at the incomes OF
the wealthy Friday in two amend
ments to the new revenue bill.
The first would raise by two per
cent, instead of one as proposed by
the ways and means committee, the
tax on normal incomes Of more than
$4,000. The raise would bring the
tax imposed to seven per cent.
The second would provide grad
uated surtax from 40 per cent on
100000 incomes up to IS per cent
on those of $5,Oo0,000 and over. The
ways and means committee had re-
commended an increase from 20 to 40
Both proposals were supported by
opponents of the sales tax. The first
was brought forward by Representa-
tive La Guardia (R., N. " and the
second by Representative Swing (R.
CalifD.
The first was accepted by vote Of
121 to 81; the second by 153 to 81.
More Democrats than Republicans
voted for the Surtax rates.
The corporate income tax was in
creased from IL to Is per cent as
recommended by the committee. The
increase Is expected to produce $751;
000, 900.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-03-18
LEADERS IN G. O.P.
BATTLEPLEDGED TO
SUPPORT PRESIDENT
George 7. Murray Is Only Dem.
ocratic Delegate Opposed
to Roosevelt
DEMOCRAT VOTE IS $4,000
Only Two Of II Republican
Leaders Will Go to Con-
vention Uninstructed
Copyright. 1892. BY The A. Po

Copyright. 1882, BY The A. Po
Fargo, N. D., March l8.-(R-Goy.
Franklin D. Roosevelt, of New York.
who defeated Governor William Muir
ray of Oklahoma in the contest for
states Democratic presidential pre-
ference vote, won nine pledged ma
tional convention delegates in Tues
days primary election, returns COM
piled early Friday indicated.
In the Republican delegate contest
nine candidates pledged to President
Hoover, and two uninstructed DEL
egate held the favored IL positions
in returns from 2,055 precincts out Of
2.235 in the state. Hoover was not a
candidate for Republican presidential
preference vote for which former
Senator j. I. France, Of MARYLAND.
and General Jacob S. Coxey. mayor
OF Massillon, Ohio. contested. France
Won this race, but neither he nor
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-03-18
Latest Returns on
Tuesdays Election

Fargo, March 18.-{F)-Latest
returns on. Tuesdays primary
vote:
Democratic presidential pre-
ference: 2,o07 precincts out Of
2,235-Roosevelt 4s,246; Murray
29.lo3.
Republican presidential pre-
ference: 2,017 precincts Coxey
22,0o8; France 32,6s7.
Republican commit m . n:
2,o33 precincts-S tern 1850;
Graham 30.62s; Schuma h er
s,52s.
Republican committeewoman:
2,0l1 precincts-Mrs. Craig 35,-
Ell: Mrs. Stenerson ALTO.
Democratic commit m . n:
zoos precincts III. H. Perry
27,8z7; Charles d. Perry 14,501;
Kelly 21,537.
Capital removal: 1899 pre-.
cincts-in favor, 22,473; against.
1906.
Future amendments to consti-
tuition: 1916 precincts-in favor,
1884; against. 90,252.
Legislative power. initiative
and referendum: 1916 precincts
lin favor. 46,1sS; against, ST.
Isl.
Four.cent gasoline tax: 1850
precinc.ts-in favor, 60,433;
against, 93,106.
Absent voters ballot: 1649 pre-.
eincts-in favor, 57,10S; against,
66,4Ol.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-03-18
On Hunger Strike
To Secure a Job

y Washington, Mar. 18.-(AP)
Unless somebody gives him a
suitable job DR.. Fred T. VOTERS,
57-year-old scholar, maintains he
will starve himself to death in
protest.
To prove that he means bust
ness, VOTERS has eaten but one
peanut, which he said he picked
up in a store, since beginning to
fast Feb. %. To avoid being
clapped in an asylum, the scholar
took the precaution Of having
himself declared same by alien
lists before announcing the hum
ger strike. They did. But pro-
nounced him abnormal in some
respects.
Wolters is an expert at hum
ger strikes, having undertaken
them before, both here and abroad.
He was in the Library Of Con-
gress staff once but resigned in
1926 because other employees
were promoted over his head.
He has tried unsuccessfully since
then to be reinstated.
The doctor is 4 German by
birth. 4 naturalized American,
and q graduate Of the University
Of New Zealand. His protest,
while specifically directed ct his
own joblessness also is against
general unemployment.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-03-18
Democratic Poll
In Delegate Race

Fargo, N. D., March 18.-(AP)-
Returns from 2,022 out Of 2235 pre-.
cincts in the state, give the following
on the contests between Roosevelt
and Murray delegates for Nortf
Dakota's 10 seats in the democratic
national convention:
/. David Kelly (R) $685..
2. Leo Mcdonald tR) $3.50.
3. r. B. Murphy (R) $1,000.
4. p. j. Lanier (R) 34,4l2.
5. j. E. Garvey (R) 34,073.
6. r. H. Leavitt (R) 1924.
Z. George Murray (M) 31,302.
8. J. g. Eaton (R) 30,797.
9. A. g. Pagenkopf CRY 29.549.
10. Gertrude Dwire (R) 20,549.
II. P. H. Miller (M) 28.O84.
IL. william e. Glot1bach '(R) 49,
03o.
10. L. j. O'Connen (M) 27,7e6.
IA. G. J. Lee (M) 27.398.
is. J. J. simonson (M) 25,787.
Is. Charles Baldwin (M) q, $40.
II. Sara M. Wood (M) 25,O9l.
10. s. 8. Clifford (M) 23972.
10. L. T. Berdahl (M) 5000.
20. Emil Emanuel (M) 2l.30l.
81. John j. Sprafka Cd 1854.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-03-18
REDUCTION IN FEDERAL
PAYROLL IN PROSPECT

Washington, March 18.-R-A
thoroughgoing slash of the federal
payroll from cabinet members down
is in prospect as result of the spec
ial house economy committee deci-
sion to favor saving more than $780,
900 900 this way.
The pay cuts, sponsored by indivi-
dual legislators since early in the
session, had appeared to be defeated
by general sentiment against such
economy means, but the harassing
Job of bringing the four billion dol
lar federal budget down to size
commensurate with the present ma
tional income, forced it to the front
again.
Two plans are under consideration
by the committee. One calls for a
10 per cent cut from top to bottom.
The other would provide a graduated
scale beginning with 20 per cent on
the cabinet members, members of
congress and all others receiving $l0.-
600 or more, and a smaller reduction
on the bottom OF the salary roll.
Whatever system is adopted a bill Is
promised by the end Of the week.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-03-18
TWO SERVANTS ARE
LOCATED; HELD FOR
QUIZ ON KIDNAPPING
Police Reveal Cook and Butler
Had Two Names as This
Angle Is Reviewed

Hopewell, N. j., March 18.-(F-
Police at the Lindbergh home an
nounced Friday the two Franklin
Park servants who disappeared the
day after the kidnapping Of the Lind
bergh baby had been located and were
to be questioned.
The pair were cook and butler for
the G. Leandro Lighfoots and the
circumstances Of their sudden depar-
ture caused the Lightfoots to make a
report to police investigating the kid
mapping.
After they had gone the Lightfoots
missed some rough wood similar to
that used In the ladder employed by
the kidnapers and q chiSel like one
found beneath the Lindbergh nursery
window.
The chisel was found at the Light
foot home Thursday and it was be-
lieved generally the whole investiga-
ton concerning the missing servants
had been dropped as result.
But the official bulletin issued Fri
day morning by H. Norman Schwartz
kopf, superintendent Of state police.
revealed the investigation still was on
and already had resulted In location
of the missing pair.
It also disclosed the servants were
known to police by a name other than
Mr.. and Mrs. Paul Thornberg.
schwartzkopf's statement said
whether or not there is any connec-
ton between the sudden departure OF
Mr.. and Mrs. Paul Egenstronberg'
alias Thornberg, and the circumstan-
ces of the kidnapping is to be deter
mined"
Meanwhile. from Mexico City. came
la dispatch indicating belief the Kid
inapers possibly may have escaped the
country by airplane.
Mexican officials announced 10
crack secret service operatives were
en- route to the Mexican borders.
A theory the kidnapers might have
reached Mexico by air before officials
could stop them led to the order.
Ignace Blaustein, 80, was held at
Pocatello, Idaho, by police who said
he told them he was the driver OF the
motor car in which Charles A. Lind
bergh, Jr., was kidnapped.
He supplied an address at which he
said the child could be found and an
nounced he had notored from New
Jersey with two other men implicated
Police held the story was not consist
ent.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-03-18
Republican Poll
In Delegate Race

Fargo, N. D., March 18.-(RHRe-
turns from 2D55 precincts out Of
2,235 In the state give the following
on the contests between Hoover and
anti: Hoover delegates for North Da-
kota's IL seats In the Republican ma
tional convention.
1-R. A. Nestos (RR, 1888.
20. ]. Olson (RR) 1921.
81. e. Davis (RR) 45.7l9. I.
IA. J. Hunter (RR) 43,829.
5-H. P. jacobson (RRl. A3,8l3.
6-B. r. spaulding (RR) 1926.
7-Miriam Taylor (RR) 4D,e0.
8-Mark I. Forkner (RR) $780,
ga. r. Thompson (NP) 39.824.
lU-Edwn Traynor (RR) 39.110.
liz. q. Larson (NP) 37,305.
12-Lillian M. Wartner (RR) 37,05l.
13-Jennie A. Dale mp 35,472.
IA. M. Gibbons mp 34.474.
15--A. j. Rulon (RR) 34,l08.
l6-A. M. Bergseth (NP) 1912.
17-Emma G. Maggie (NP) 32,682.
18-James p. Curran mp 32.30o.
ILL. H. Mccoy mp 3l.41l.
20-dirdell Patterson (NP) 81, 403.
2l-Theodore Kaldor (Np) 30,335.
22-Thomas Devaney (NP) 2o,o63.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-03-18
SECRETARY HURLEY
CALLS PROHIBITION
ADEM0CRAT|CLAW
Republican Cabinet Member
Expresses Views in Inter-
view at Chicago
ExC0RIATES J. J. RASKOB
Believes Question Will Be Sow.
ed Eventually on State
Rights Basis

Chicago, March 18.-(R)-Patrick J..
Hurley. the Republican secretary Of
war. has expressed the opinion 4
more liberal" stand on the prohibi-
ton issue would be taken by his par
tvs national convention In Chicago
this June.
Here to give st. Patrick,s day ad-
dress, Secretary Hurley told an inter-
viewer Thursday he thought the pro-
hibition question eventually would be
settled on the basis of states rights,
with federal enforcement limited to
preventing liquor traffic into states
that wish to be dry.
"A great many people are going to
look for wet candidates on the ballots
next fall" he said in discussing the
conventions prohibition attitude.
Appears With Glenn
He appeared Thursday night on the
same program on the Irish Fellowship
club at which U. S. Senator Otis F.
Glenn, Republican OF Illinois, voiced
a forecast the prohibition law in time
would be repealed.
The handwriting" Senator Glenn
said, lis on the wall and fear stalks
behind those members Of the house
and senate who have used parliament
tary rules to safeguard their public
opinions from their private practices"
Hurley. during the interview. de-
clared the prohibition amendment
ovd Tho faIaro1 iy1ray,oo TOW vparn tho
only two provisions in the constitution
which interfered with states rights
and observed the Democrats put them
both there during the Wilson admin
istration.
Is Democratic Measure
"Yet." he said. John Raskob calls
those Republicans 'Judases' who come
out against prohibition It was a
Democratic measure, sponsored by
Senator Morris Sheppard Of Texas. an
outstanding Democratic statesman.
Still, the Democratic party claims a.
tradition of defending states rights. :"
President Hoover. the secretary Of
war predicted, would be reelected be-
cause while he was openly opposed by
the Democrats and secretly by many
Republican leaders, he had the masses
of the people behind him.
In his Fellowship club address.
Hurley voiced a plea for the preser-
walton of Americas. economic system
It needed changes, he said. because It
had created IAN unequal distribution
of wealth." but 1t was worth saving
because it brought happiness to a
greater number Of people than any In
history.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-03-18
Harlow, Railroad
Builder, Is Dead

Washington, Mar. 1S.-(AP)-i
Richard A. Harlow, 70, pioneer wes-
tern railroad builder and former
Montana ranch owner, died Thurs
day at his estate at Rosslyn, Va,
near here.
He was a native of Springfield,
ILL.,, and built and owned the Central
Montana railroad, which subsequent
ly was absorbed as a link in the
transcontinental system of the Chi
cago, Milwaukee and st. Paul.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-03-18

Coxey had pledged slate Of del
egates on the ballot and therefore
his victory leaves him without any
instructed delegates to support him
at the national convention.
The nine Roosevelt and one Muir
ray delegates, who led in the race
for the 10 Democratic convention
seats. received their positions ia
tabulations from 2,o22 precincts.
George Murray, brother of the Okla
noma governor, was the only Murray
delegate IN the running, standing
seventh.
Kelly In Lead
David Kelly, Grand Forks, pledged
to Roosevelt, topped the slate with
38,931 votes.
The Roosevelt delegate in the 10th
position received 29,549.
On the Republican ballot, the
highest man r. A. Nestos, Minot, for
mer governor OF the state and a Hoo
yer delegate, polled As, 1888 votes. Down
to ninth position. all delegates were
pledged for Hoover. while ninth to
rank was an uninstructed delegate.
Eleventh position was held by an an
ti-Hoover delegate.
The contest on the Democratic bal.
lot was between the MURRAY and
Roosevelt sets OF delegates for the 10
positions. while on the Republican
ticket it was between the Hoover
pledged delegates, and the uninstruct-
ed slate put up by the Nonpartisan
League.
William Stern, Fargo, and Mrs.
Selma Stenerson, Minot, Hoover Re-
publicans," won races for national
committeeman and committeewoman,
defeating two incuthbents Endorsed by
the Nonpartisans.
H. II. Perry Elected
H. H. Perry Glendale, defeated two
opponents to win the Democratic ma
tional committeeman contest. He re-
ceived the Endorsement Of the Demo-
cratic state convention. which also in
dorsed Roosevelt.
Roosevelt was victorious In his race
against Murray for the states Dem
ocratic presidential preference vote
with 2.007 precincts giving Roosevelt
8246. Murray 29,103.
President Hoover was not candi-
date for the Republican preference.
and this race was left to France. for
mer Maryland senator, and Coxey,
mayor of Massillon, Ohio. France
won, polling 32,697 votes, against
Coxey's 22.008 In 2,0l7 precincts.
The outstanding feature of the pri-
mary was the tremendous Democratic
vote polled. returns from 2,007 pre-
cincts showing a total OF 17.349, OF
that party's ballots cast on the presi-
dental preference contest. The pre-
vious record vote for q presidential
primary was $4,000.
George Murray. Berthold. was in
charge Of plans for placing his broth
Ter in the Democratic primary.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-03-18
ROOSEVELT APPRECIATIvE

Grand Forks, N. D., Mar. 49,
(AP) Governor Franklin D.
Roosevelt Thursday sent the fol-
lowing telegram to F. w. Mclean.
Grand Forks, secretary Of the
state democratic state central
committee: my warm thanks and
appreciation to you and through
you to all my friends who helped
IN the victory. / have a very
tender place in my heart for
North Dakota.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-03-18
Body Is Taken from
Sunken Submarine

Weymouth. Eng, March 18.-lFE
The body Of member Of the crew OF
the sunken submarine Ma was taken
out Of the vessel Friday by divers and
removed to Portland. It was the first
to be received.
Tfty-Six men were lost with the
M-2 when she went down off Portland
Jan. IS. -Four days after the disaster
. salvage fleet dragged the bottom
looking for the ship. but It was not
until Feb. 8 that 1t was found. wedged
in between two other wrecks with the
looming tower hatch open.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-03-18
Today in Congress
FRIDAY
Senate

Eh1OAx
Senate
Takes up appropriation bill for JUS
tice, commerce, labor and state de-
partments.
Receives conferences report On anti
injunction bill.
judiciary subcommittee considers
nomination Of Judge Kenneth Mack
|intosh for ninth circuit bench.
Borah bill to cut farm board pay
and gore wheat sale measure studied
by agriculture subcommittee.
Banking and currency committee
studies Glass bill.
Begins consideratton Of birion-dcl-
lar tax btu for amendments
Ways and means couamittoo oon-
Siders tax amendments.
Special ccsnmittes snoets = ooy.
eminent eco0cuay.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-03-18
Tuttlc Cagers Lose
In Semi-Final Game

Valley City, N. D.. March le-R)-
Hamlet advanced into the finals Of
the state consolidated basketball
tournament here Friday by defeating
futile IS to Il in the semi finals.
Hamlet held IS TO 6 lead ct half
time.
Qrandin was to meet Munich IN the
other semi-fiual game.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-03-18
Wisconsin Bank Is
Robbed Of $1,000

Delavan, Wis. March la.-IR-Four
men robbed the State Bank Of Dela-
van Of about $1,000 Friday after hold
Ing w. r. Topping. president Of the
institution, prisoner In his home most
Of the night.
Held prisoner with Topping were
his wife and small daughter. Shortly
before the bank was to open the men
took Topping, there and forced him
to open the vault.
The bank was robbed Of 5000 by
one man Feb. .. A suspect In this
case Is held IN Rochester, N. Y.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-03-18
TWO PARTIES SPLIT
H0N0RS IN BATTLE
Two !. v. A. and Two Nonparti-
san Candidates Lead in
Race Friday Noon

Fargo, N. D., March 18-(P)-1n the
contest for election of four Repub-
lican presidential electors from a
field Of eight, two real Republican
candidates were assured of victory,
while two Nonpartisan League candi-
dates held the next two favored posi-
tons, returns tabulated by the AS
ISOLATED Press election bureau Friday
from 1893 out Of 1926 precincts
showed.
Two real Republican candidates
who were In the lead had sufficient
margins to make their election Ger
tain. while the two Nonpartisans who
followed could not be definitely con-
coded the election because of narrow
margins.
The vote:
P. D. Norton (RR) $3.50.
Anne A. Cary (RR) 1874.
E. H. Brant (NP) 40,798.
Nels Magnuson mp 37,120.
Ida M. Fisher (NP) 36,998.
Vine D. Lord (RR) 36,706.
Sid Bergenthal (RR) 35,736.
Gilbert Moskau mp 27.441.
The four successful candidates will
compete In November for election
with the four Democratic electors,
who were unopposed in Tuesdays
primary.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-03-18
u GROUP DERATES

st. Peter MIMI, Mar. 18.-(AP)-
Debaters Of the University Of North
Dakota and Gustavus Adolphus Col
lege met in . non-decision contest
here Thursday night.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1932-03-18
The Weather

Partly cloudy tonight and Satur.
day; slightly colder tonight.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-12-02

Q hermit in German politics al- though he has none of the hermit's characteristic. He Is a handsome jovial officer, a we'll known figure in society, man who is seen at the most important social and public gatherings.
 Won Schleicher's personality and devil-may-care attitude may yield the key to the von Schleicher mys- tery. He was lLng the most active wire butler behind the scenes until he stepped into the open as a gov. ernmental leader last May. ''Schleicher'' means lone who sinks in German, but his firm stride and his amazing power belle the name's implication.
 The handsome general, jovial in company and stern in duty, neatly dressed whether in civilian clothes or impeccable uniform, with short. stumpy mustache, tall and of mili- tary bearing, has become aefamiliar figure. His pallor, piercing gray eyes, and sardonic mouth draw the attention of the stranger.
 Won Schleicher's friendship with Won Hindenburg began when he re ported to Won Hindenburg person- ally every day as underssecretary in the ministry of defense. Won Schleicher first suggested in 1880 that the president appoint as chan cellor, pr Heinrich Bruening. then a little known Catholic trade union- list. Later Von Schleicher persuad- ed the president to dismiss Bruen- ing and Defense Minister Groener, and to name Von Papen chancellor.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-12-02

chancellor narrowed down to Von Schleicher and ex-Chancellor Franz Won Papen after Adolf Hitler. Nazi leader, refused to cooperate with a coalition regime. Hitler maintained his demand for 'ali or nothing" regarding the chancellor ship.
 Selection of Won Schleicher was believed in political circles to have avoided possible extensive revision, or perhaps even scrapping, of the republican constitution adopted at Weimar. If Won Papen had re- turned to the chancellorship, g bit- ter struggle with the reichstag would have been inevitable.
 Won Schleicher wanted to avoid a constitutional crisis. Although he cooperated closely with Won Papen. he was willing to sacrifice the ex- chancellor and assume direction of the government himself.
 The new chancellor has been a maker and breaker of cabinets from behind the scenes. He was recognized as one of the most pow erful figures in Germany. Won has played the role of
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-12-02
John F. Curry
 Begins to Wonder
to bankers it will economize enougl tO warra nj fI1rthar crndifs
.(continued from Page 1)

to bankers it will economize enough to warrant further credits.
 Smith testifying before the Hof- stadter legislative committees, yes- terday proposed detailed plan for municipal reform, which, if carried out, would cut hundreds of Tam many followers off the city pay- rolls, raise subway fares. and elim- mate nearly 100 elective offices. It would rob Tammany of much of it's lucrative patronage which Is the very backbone of the organization.
 Smiths program carried many implications. Coming on top of act- ing Mayor Joseph V. McKee'ss de- nunciation of Tammany and revel- ation that he boiled almost 250, ,000 write in ballots in the general election, it gave strong impetus to the growing anti-Tammany move- ment.
 Politcial observers thought 1t might foreshadow Smiths candid acy for the mayoralty in 1894. or perhaps his support of Mckee. It was generally conceded that Smith. the most potent force in Metropolis politics, could carry any election with or without Tammany support.
 Other observers pointed out that Smith, Tammany man. was more likely to assume the role of house cleaner within the organization. Tammany leacers, fearing the pow CT he exercises with the voters, would concede anything and every t.4ing in the way of reform to keep him from openly breaking with the hall, these observers believed.