davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-03-07
Rewards Versus Punishment

The slogan of the cid school of pedagogy and
child rearing was spare the ROD and spoil the child
Modern psychology has proved plainly enough that
there is no absolute validity in this rule The rod
may produce a spneless personality or a resentful
anarchist quite much as a model child
AS a result, We have seen the development of the
opposite school of thought-the notion that we
should do nothing with children but permit them to
follow their own Observation-Disclosures reward nor
punish. Let them gradually and voluntarily formu-
late codes of conduct as the result of personal ex-
perience.
AS usual sanity seems to lie in a middle course
it may be foolish to attempt to build personality
solely on blackjacking for bad behavior But it is
certainly helpful to hasten the development of de-
srable behavior patterns through rewards for good
conduct-provided Judgment of the latter con-
forms reasonably we'll to the dictates of science and
progress.
AT any rate, the answer to this issue of whether
punishments or rewards most potent in produc-
ing desirable types of human beings of the greatest
practical in portance. Upon it hinges not only our
whole system, of pedagogy and family discipline but
also the wise administration of penal and re-
formatory institutions
We need expect opinion possessing the status
of divine revelation the subject but the recent
report of Professor E. L. Thorndike well may COM
mand our respect He is educational psychologist
OF long experience and great prestige. and has been
noted for moderation of viewpoint. He recently an
nounced the results of comprehensive experimental
study carried under his direction by the institute
Of educational research at Columbia university.
The results of these Investigations seem to con-
firm the contentious of the reward" theory:
The general plan is to give person the choice
to do any one of several things only one of which
is right If he does the right thing he is rewarded;
if he does the wrong thing, he is punished.
The extraordinary result in such cases is that
the punshments do no good whatever Furnishing for
the wrong acts does not make them less likely to oc-
cur. The person improves only because of the re-
act and is rewarded, he is more likely to do the
right act the next time. But if he does the wrong
act and is punished he is not less likely to do it the
next time.
I'VE have thought that fines and beatings and
ails and electrocutions cure of evil tendencies
when the real power lies in the rewards for decent
behavior. We scod and beat children, and shut
men up in cells for wrongdongs, but never reward
them when they keep the peace and serve man
kind"
While this particular piece of research need not
be regarded as absolutely conclusive, and closing
the issue 10 debate it certainly marks the line of
procedure along which We must if wish to
eppant heated emotional opinion by cool objective
FACTS.
1t accords moreover. with the experience in prison.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-03-07
Just Every Day Sense
BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

T HAVEN'T really got anything against the generals
4 and admiralS though 1 find myself picking on
them frequently. I know they fine, lkabe fell
lows and ready to give them three cheers for
anything they have done to make the world safe
for democracy and for remembering the Maine and
for preserving the Union back in 81
And it must be pretty tough to spend most of
your life fighting for your country, only to have a
bunch of pacifss calling names. That, imagine,
is the usual reaction of the military gentlemen to
war criticism
Yet all realize that they are only the victims
OF a system, like the rest of us. And anxious
to get rid of the system. In that effort hardly
can expect the generals to march with us. They
have chosen the profession of arms which always has
been an honorable calling, and since it is the only
one they know, they believe in it and defend it.
But it's the profession and not the men who fol-
low it that the peace advocate resentS. 1t is the
density of mass thinking he hates, the sort of think
ing encouraged by the admirals when they say that
war is the only way to settle quarrels.
7 HAVE before me an editorial written by Sam W.
l. Taylor, and along with letter from the lieu
tenant-colonel of Fl Riley, Kan, highly recommend
ing it.
Two sentences from the editorial read: Men can
not be trained in few months Of preparation for
war which strikes like a bolt out of the blue and
comes upon nation without warming"
we can not fail to realize that so long as human
beings exist there will arise for disputes which
may not be settled amicably"
Both Of these statements, SO highly thought of by
the Northumberland, to me misleading if not
false
Wars do not come like bolts from the blue A
common sense consideration of the causes that bring
them on could always avert them. They brew for
years and thrive the personal ambition of tyrantS
And nothing ever will make believe that the
race IS hopelesSly bestia that ifever can learn
10 settle its disputes without slaughter We can do
what we think We can do or we are less than men.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-03-07

administration The successful wardens and superin-
tendents have been men like Osborne, Lawes Ashe
and others who have sought to evoke decent
in their convicts by appealing to their better SEN
timents.
Rewards for good behavior. if Systematically and
honestly carried out, rarely failed to produce
satisfactory results. Hard-boiled and repressive
prison administration has left in its wake riots blood
shed, bitter resentment and great social menace in
the way of discharged prisoners resolved to get even
with society.
OF equal interest and civilized implication is the
report Of the Battle committee on prison labor in
New York state. The members recommend putting
all prisoners to work. teaching trades to the unsklled
and vary work in such way as to avoid paralyzing
monotony or bitter resentment.
Nothing is more demoralizing to convicts than the
prevalent idleness. Nothing makes reformation more
unlikely than inability to living at lawful
trade after release Nothing likely to breed the
conditions ripe for prison rotng than either idlenesS
work which borders on slavery.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-03-07
The Case of Dale

Upon the guilt or innocence of George
Dale on federal charges of conspiracy to
violate the prohibition law, the courts ulti-
mately will pass.
But until there is very definite decision
of guilt, public opinion should withhold judg-
ment.
Of all officials in Indiana, Dale has gath
cred to himself the largest and most vicious
group of enemies, who are also public
enemies.
Dale, through long term of years, has
made a business of inviting enmity from
those who, though powerful have imposed
upon the public.
Dale fought the powerful Ku-Klux Klan,
and the people may we'll remember that fed
eral officials in this state owe their power to
the influence of the khan, and that goes espe-
cially for the two United States senators who
dictate all such appointments.
Dale opposed the corruption of city and
county government in Muncie and his daring
exposures Of crookedness brought him into
conflict with the political machines.
1t was Dale who was sentenced to jail for
daring to oppose corruption in courts and the
supreme court of this state, in order to
Justify judge, wrote the vicious principle
into the law that truth is no defense in
case of contempt
Dale, the people will remember, did not
hesitate to jeopardize his own liberty in be-
half of public interest.
1t was Dale to whom the people of Muncie
turned when they tired of graft viciousness
and corruption.
The people of that city will testify to the
fact that under the administration of Dale
the city has been cleaner morally than it had
been for years. They also know that he has
reduced tax rates and conducted the city on
a basis of economy and efficiency.
This record should at least demand that
public opinion give Dale the benefit of that
principle of law which holds that all men
are innocent until proved guilty.
The conduct of federal officials in the ar
rest of Dale suggests even more strongly
that this tolerance be shown to the foe of in
tolerance.
The public will not be able to understand
why it was necessary to expose the mayor
of Muncie to the rigors of a cold winter
drive after o'clock on Sunday morning in
order to place him in an Indianapolis jail.
That smacks too much of vengeful brutality
on the part of avowed enemies.
Until Dale is convicted, and that may be
very remote, he should at least be pro-
tected against cruel and inhuman acts on
the part of his captors.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-03-07

glance back at the record around Shanghai
leads one to wonder if the offensive power of the air.
plane in modern warfare may have been overestmaed
a little
Throughout this conflict the Japanese were well
equipped with modern airplanes while the Chinese,
to all intents and purposes, had none at all. The
Japanese bombers went into action almost daily, be-
fore the beginning of this month it was announced
that they had dropped more than nine hundred
bombs, most of them large ones.
But the Chinese lines held longer than any mill
ary expert had dared predict. Isn't it just possible
that the infanryman still is the final arbiter of war;
despite modern inventions?
Arpanes are exceedingly useful weapons, but they
have not yet made the old-fashioned foot-slogger
obsolete
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-03-07
DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

muscles must run in debt" until
the body is able to catch up with
its rebuilding process. When the
exertion is continued, fatigue be-
comes more and more apparent.
When this "debt" is continued
hour after hour and day after day a
rundown condition results, which
often is termed "staleness" in the
athlete and "overwork" in the indi-
vidual worker.
The dangers of such condition
are apparent. Ability to combat
disease is lesSened, work suffers and
periods of mental depression are
apt to follow.
The natural way to overcome IA
tigue is by rapid breathing and an
increase in the circulation. When
these two become synchronized at
their maximum capacity, the re-
building Of the tissues is proceed
ing at a far greater rate than nor
NAL
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-03-07

Especially is this, true in the
case of athletics. Their training
enables them to reach this maxi
mum period quickly and they are
able to continue their exertion for
long intervals with no apparent ill
effects.
In the case of the business man
and worker it is different.
They are not in actual physical
training and their organs do not
respond to the strain with such
ease. They overcome fatigue
slowly.
This recovery from fatigue is
most important. 1t must be &C
complished before further exer-
ton if the good health of the
subject is to be safeguarded.
Articles to follow in this series
will discuss various types of fatigue
as affecting persons in varied oc-
equations and will tell what to do
to get rid of that tired feeling"
Next-Fatigue for the athlete.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-03-07
Storm Clouds Darker

THERE is a storm brewing in
4 this country, and wise politi-
clans will keep close watch of its
progress.
The American people have stood
about all they can.
The new tax bill comes pretty
near being that proverbial last
straw.
1t is a sorry state of affairs when
people whose wages, or incomes
have been greatly reduced must dig
down into their pockets for more
cash because neither of the political
parties has courage enough to
knock the main prop out from I'M
der a crime epidemic.
If such a situation continues, the
people have but one choice, and
that is to wreck either the Demo-
cratic, or Republican party in or
der to make room for medium
through which they can express
themselves.
This deadlock will not be toIerat-
ed much longer. The sentiment
against prohibition has become too
overwhelming to be denied a voice.
People are associating the noble
experiment" too closely with most
of their present troubles not to in
sist that something more sensible
be substituted.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-03-07
Rule by HOodIun1S

DY undertaking to purify the in
ID dividual through mass regula-
ton, we have succeeded only in
making life miserable and unsafe.
With the law-enforcing machine
tuned up to watch auto drivers, or
detect alcoholic breaths, the thief,
yegg and cut-throat have enjoyed
free range, and with huge rum rings
to back them up, they have had
ample funds with which to buy
protection.
Crime on the one hand, corruption
on the other; cities going bank
rupt, school teachers going unpaid;
business down by one-third and
taxes on the increase, while beer
barons take a place among our most
important industrial leaders and
become the arbiters of local politics
in many sections.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-03-07
COrrOSiOn Causes

DEFORE the crude petroleum
- has been brought from its I'M
foreground habitat, it has brought
water or brine corrosion into the
wells and pipe lines" DR.. Egloff
continues.
plants for treating diStillate oils
are subject to corrosion by chemi-
calls used for such treatment while
the sulphur compounds present in
many crude oils wreak havoc all
along their route through oil cas-
ing and tubing, storage tanks, stills,
and cracking and treating equip
ment.
Tanks, steel derricks, and re-
1nery buildings and equipment
have their lives Short6ned by at
moSpheric corroSion, while all tn
problems of marine corrosion are
encountered by the oil 'tankers.'
1T is easy to understand then,
why the corrosion bill Of the pc
troleum industry Is so huge.
workers engaged in the study of
corroSion number into the thou
sands. Theories advanced to explain
the ruSting of iron alone would fill
volumes, and remedies by the score
have been proposed.
"Alloy steels containing chro-
MUM, silicon, nickel, copper, or
tungsten, coatings of metal or of
ceramic materials, paints, and BIZ
luminous coverings are a few of the
remedies which have been used with
some success.
But the damage by corrosion
continues, despite all these earnest
endeaVorS."
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-03-07
Says:

The Sentiment Against Pro
hibition Has Become Too
Overwhelming to Be De-
MED a Voice The Deadlock
Win Not Be Tolerated
Much Longer.
NEW YORK, March THE new
II tax bill should be entitled
"A Measure to Relieve Bootleggers. :"
An added levy on incomes, man
ufactured goods and an1usements
is made necessary by the fact that
liquor pays nothing.
Instead, liquor is permitted to
finance the worst reign of rack
eteering, blackmail, eXtortion and
corrupt politics that ever afflicted
civilized country.
Decent people, no matter how
industrious, or hard-presSed, are
asked to make greater sacrifices,
while organized thuggery grows
richer and richer.
Each gallon of lubricating oil
will contribute 4 cents to the gov
eminent, while each gallon of hooch
contributes ten times as much to
lawlesSnesS.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-03-07
A Nation GAGGED

DRESIDENT HOOVER is re-
4 ported as still cold toward a
dry referendum, chiefly because he
thinks it has no chance for success.
In his opinion, we are informed,
no less than thirteen states can be
depended on to stand by the eight
zenith amendment. That makes re-
peal, or modification impossible.
Nine of those states are classified
as Democratic, and that furnishes
the Republicans with an alibi for
doing nothing.
The much touted nonpartisan at
titude toward this high moral ques-
ton seems to have accomplished lit
tie, except to make us inarticulate.
Apparently, no faction, or party
in this nation can function eff
GENTLY, except that of the criminals
and racketeers. They have gained
steadily during the last twelve years
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-03-07
FINLAND MAKES PEACE
March

0N March 7, 1918, Germany and
~ the new government of Finland
signed a treaty Of peace, and it was
reported that the Finn government
was considering Prince Oscar of the
house of Hohenzonern as king.
The treaty provided for the with
drawal of German troops in Fin
land.
Two Russian transports we're
attacked and sunk by German de-
stroyers off the Aland islands. The
Germans claimed the transports
had refused to heed warnings.
The Soviet government protested
alleged hostile acts by German
troops in Russia.
The western front was unusually
quiet as both allied and Gofman
armies thrust at Paris and the
channel ports.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-03-07
Peoples Voice

Editor Times-I firmly believe
that our present moral and financial
breakdown has been caused by sug-
gestions coming through the chan
nels of fanaticism.
The first big jolt the people got
in this way came by prohibition.
When it struck us we were the least
criminal and the most patriotic
people of any nation on earth,
while our prisons stood at a very
low ebb in population. We just had
loaned our government billions OF
dollars and just had sent millions Of
our boys across the sea to fight and
die for it.
1t was a glorious morning for our
country then, when, like thunder
bolt out Of a clear sky, fanaticism
said, through prohibition, that we
were nation of criminals, then to
prove it hired swarms of shoppers
and spies to watch us and our
homes.
Then, like the old adage, eff you
want to make Jack a bad boy. lust
tell him few times that he is" the
fanatics have yelled criminals, put
them in prison. at us so much that
We have become that way, and ell
stand in fear of one another, and it
is fear of one another that is the
cause of our financial breakdown.
A. r. WILKINSON.
Editor Times-Just word about
the war they are starting on selling
liquor to high school students.
1 don't believe the majority OF
high school students can afford to
buy it. If they can't afford it
where do they get it? If the public
insists that they carry it in their
pockets. they must get it from their
own cellars.
Why not start war on the par
ents who have it in their cellars?
l have been a student in high
school for five years, and I never
have seen any hip TASKS on any of
the students.
If any of the students do carry if
they do it because they think it IS
smart, and they get that idea from
their parents.
just because, once in awhile. a
high school student gets on. the
wrong path, the whole school should
not be put down as a group which
IS going out as men and women who
will wreck the world.
thousands Of students in the high
schools, because of their good be-
navlor, never get into the limelight.
ONE WHO RESENTS CRITICISM
OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-03-07
Iron and Steel
NESPITE the efforts of thousand

hESPITE the efforts of thousands
~ of workers, DR.. Eglof says, the
damage goes on.
THE staggering cost of replace
ment of rusted or corroded parts Of
equipment in every industry is only
a part of the damage entailed by
corroSion, for the failure of a COM
paratively small rusted article may
imperil an entire structure and hun
dreds of lives" DR.. Egloff says.
Yet iron and steel remain the
outstanding structural materials in
most industries and the rusting of
iron is the foremost problem in
metal corrosion.
Other metals, too, are subjected
to deterioration under given con-
ditions, and the prevention or in
hibition of corroSion is a prime re-
quirement for solution of the prob
lens of economy and efficiency.
BY reason of the range and
variety of its operations and ever
increasing temperatures and pres
Sures, the oil industry is exception
ally open to vast damage from cor
roSion.
THE handling of crude oil
encounters almost every kind OF
corrosion problem in the collective
fields of production, refining, trans
portation, and utilization"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-03-07
VoISteadiSm Indicted

DR. CARL j. WARDEN of Co
~ lumbia university is not ex-
travagant in attributing the Lind
bergh kidnapping to the malicious
influence Of VolSteadism.
Nothing has done so much to
teach the criminal element how to
prey on peaceful and unsuspecting
people.
AS DR.. Warden points out, we
didn't know much about gangs and
rackets, until prohibition set the
stage for their profitable opera
ton.
kidnapping followed hijacking,
just as the milk racket followed the
beer racket.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-03-07
IT SEEMS TO ME BY HE EF0TS

ment to name a dozen national
legislators more capable than Hoo
yer, and the same thing was true
during the time of Coolidge and of
Harding.
Whether you happen to believe in
Borah or not (and I am not among
his partisans) it must be admitted
that his ability rather than his
faults has been the barrier which
stood between him and the preSi-
dency.
But I never have understood why
the literate legislators have been
so patient in the matter of allow
ing the fools among their fellows
to rush in. Possibly it will always
be advisable to admit a certain
number of nitwits to the floor.
That is necessary under the
ancient revolutionary injunction
that there should be no taxation
without representation. But the
brighter boys ought to restrain
their less responsible associates.
Congress should go in more ardent
ly for bread and spend less time
upon circuSeS.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-03-07
BY DIR. MORRIS FISHBEIN
Editor Journal of the American Medical
Association and of Hygeia. the

Editor Journal of the American Medical
Association and of Hygeia. the
Health Magazine.
THAT tired feeling is apt to bob
l. up sometimes when you least
expect it. Tt affects athletes, tired
business men on their rounds of
golf, women and children and
workers who must stay at their
tasks hour after hour.
It's really fatigue, but many peo-
pie have associated that word with
near exhaustion for so many years
they fail to recognize it when it
comes.
Fatigue results from numerous
changes which take place in the
human body when it is forced to
continue exertion beyond the point
of maximum replacement of tissue.
Under such circumstances, the
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1932-03-07

Ideals and opinions expressed
in this column are those Of
one of Americas most inter-
eSting writers and are pre-
scented without regard to their
agreement or DISAGREEMENT
with the editorial attitude Of
this paper.=The Editor.