davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1932-12-19
YEN TO Be CH|NA'S
ENVOY TO MOSCOW
WI Considered Likely Choice
to Succeed Him as Minister
to United States.
BY Radio to The Star.

BY Radio to The Star.
SHANGHAI. China, December 10
w. w. Yen, Chinese Minister to Wash
ington, who is at present arguing
Chinas case in the Manchurian discus
slams at Geneva, is to be Chinas newest
Ambassador to Moscow, according to
word from official circles in Nanking.
Yen's successor in Washington has
not yet been determined, it is said, but
c. C WI, former Minister, is considered
the likely choice following the patching
up of differences with Gen. Chang
Kai-Shek. which led WI to resign his
Washington post last year.
Yen's transfer to Moscow, with the
resumption of normal diplomatic rela-
tlonS between China and Russia, Is ex-
pected to provide great impetus TO
Sino-Russian trade. There is also seen
the possibility of Russia's usurping
Japan's dominant share of Chinese
trade, especially in textiles. though
other foreign nationals, notably Amer
leans and Britishers, foresee Russia
swamping China's textile, oil and timber
markets
Chinese here are elated over the pros
poets of the Soviets' sending trade
delegation here for the purpose OF
monopolizing the huge market. which
is being gradually lost to Japan through
the anti-Japanese economic boycott
With millions In profits registered BY
the Soviet oil concern, American and
British companies foresee further in
roads IN trade here. which is already
slumping owing to political unrest and
economic causes.
Copyright, 1922
Evening star., 1932-12-19
TOXIC PRESS RAPS
FRENCH DEFAULT
Calls "War Loans" MisIead.
ing-DecIares Money Was
Borrowed for Relief.
By Gable to The Star.

By Cable to The Star
TOXIC, Japan. December 10
Frances parade of defaulting debtors
receives none of the applause that is
customary in Japan when the United
States embarrasSes the international
arena.
1T finally should be remembered that
this word war debts is extremely mis-
leading except in the case OF Great
Britain" the japanese owned and edit
ed Japan Times here concludes today in
a two-column editorial.
"War Loans" Misleading.
MANY European States came into ex-
istence only after the World War. The
money they borrowed clearly was not
for the prosecution Of the war, and We
cannot help but smile when reading
that Poland Czechoslovakia. Finland
and otherr inly the enemy coun-
try, Hun concessions regard
ing we
"Sett -dy Effected between
the Un md its debtors, with
the sir \ of Great Britain,
either & resented money bor-
rowed al, armistice, or else in
volved such reduction OF the total
Indebtedness as to wipe out all war
time borrowing.
The European debtors are being
asked by the United States to pay back
only money borrowed long after the
bugles sang the truce in 1918. These
loans were for reconstruction and re-
lief purposes, but 1t suits q number Of
European nations to throw dust into
the eyes Of their people by characterzing
them as war loans"
Other Papers Agree.
The Osaka Mainichi and the Toxic
Nichi Nichi. among the most infiuen-
tial newspapers in Japan. carry an
identical editorial concluding:
We refrain from commenting ON the
attitude OF the nations involved We
merely express our regret at seeing
solemn agreements between highly re-
spected nations being ignored and vio-
lated Whatever may be the attitude
Of the others. France at least must pay
what 1t owes and discuss later. If it
must the conditions of payment of the
remainder of its liabilities. 1t is not
yet too late for France to do So"
iohf
Evening star., 1932-12-19
THIEVES FAIL TO OPEN
MOTOR COMPANY SAFE
Combinat ton Drilled All, but Door
Resists Efforts of
Robbers.

An unsuccessful attempt was made
last night to break open a safe in the
Offices of the Trew Motor Co., 1909
Fourteenth street, Joseph P. Trew re-
ported to police today.
The combination was drilled OF the
safe, which is on the second floor.
but the thieves could not open the
door. To deaden the sound Of the
drill. they used oil taken from q drum
on the third floor.
Thieves broke into the Sanitary
grocery store at Third and Massachu-
setts avenue last night and stole cigars
and cigarettes valued at $l4, John w.
Wotring, l3 Franklin street northeast,
the manager. reported. A quantity of
cigarettes also was stolen from the
store of Sam Chaiken, 25l4 Fourteenth
street.
A pocketbook containing $50 was re-
ported stolen from the home of Ernest
c. Saltzman, 1908 Newton street north
east Shoes valued at SIS were stolen
from the store of Sam Blumenthal. 1912
Seventh street, police were informed.
Evening star., 1932-12-19
RAISE FUND FOR BILL
Crew to Provide Injured
Pet Hospital Care.

PITTSBURGH (R.-Fliers and field
workers at the City-County Airport are
contributing to "give-Bin-a-break
campaign"
Bill jovial mongrel dog, appeared
at the airport some months ago and
became a self-appointed mascot, popu-
lar with every one.
AS he streaked out to greet q re-
turning plane recently he was hit by
refuelling truck. Dctors said only
a long rest in hospital and expert care
would save Bills life.
20 X" they said at the airport.
give Bill the best" and the fund
raising campaign was launched.
Withdrawals from banks in Germany
for boarding have ceased.
Evening star., 1932-12-19
Milk.and.Bread Diet
Cures Jobless Man;
Weight Also Gains

By the Associated Press.
SIOUX FALLS. N. Oak. De-
cember 19.-For six weeks H. M.
Butler was jobless and penniless
and forced to live on skinned
milk and stale bread.
During those six weeks his
weight increased from 1873 to ITO
pounds and he recovered from q
stomach ailment which had
troubled him for years.
Now he has a job and is eating
regularly again. But he isn't
feeling SO good.
Evening star., 1932-12-19
CLARKE SALARIES CUT
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch TO The star.
BERRYVILLE. Va, December 10.-
At the recent meeting Of the Board of
cided to reduce all salaries under the
control of the board Is per cent for the
year 1888, with the exception of the
overseers of the poor.
Members of the board will be paid for
so days attendance and actual mileage
Travelled on official business.
Evening star., 1932-12-19
Americans Warlike, Bishop Says.

EXETER. England. December l9 IP).
The Bishop of Exeter on his return
from America declared that it would
be a great mistake to suppose that
Americans are not warlike race" and
that organized religion is not main
tanning its hold in America.
Evening star., 1932-12-19
ARMY HOLDING MEN
Depression Blamed for Record
breaking Re-enlistments.

Due chiefly to the depression, officials
say, Army re-enlistments are breaking
records
For November the re-enlistmert hon
ors went to the 18th United States In
fantry. stationed at Tientsin. China. OF
soldiers DISCHARGED for "t!me up" there
we're 20, and there were 20 re-enlist-
snents without skipping q single meal.
Evening star., 1932-12-19
CHAO- -CHU-WU MAY BE NAMED.
Possibility of Appointment as Minister
to u. s. Is Seen.

HONGKONG. China, December 10
P-As a result of resumption Of dip
lomatic relations between China and
Soviet Russia, unofficial reports were
received here that DR.. Chao-Chu-Wu,
former Chinese foreign minister. may
return to Washington as Minister TO
the United States.
Evening star., 1932-12-19
MKELLAR WOULD CUT
AIRMAIL TO $4,000, 900
Proposes Amendment to Supply
Bill-Also to Ask Ocean
Mail Slash.

By the Associated Press.
Reduction of the Post Office De-
partment's airmail appropriation from
$19,000O0O to $9000,000 was proposed
today in an amendment to the
Treasury-Post Office supply bill sub
mitted to a Senate Appropriations Sub
committee by Senator Mcclellan, Demo-
crat. of Tennessee.
The amendment, on which the COM
mittee expects to vote tomorrow. also
included instructions to the Postmaster
General to effect such consultations OF
ailmail routes as necessary to bring the
cost Of the service within the reduced
appropriation.
Another provision would prohibit ex-
tension Of existing contracts and lines
and ban new contracts
McKellar said he planned a similar
amendment covering funds for ocear
mail contracts.
Evening star., 1932-12-19
A. c. HAYDEN REELECTED
MUSICIANS PRESIDENT

Donald Wade Chosen Vice Presi-
dent, ]. E. Birdsell, Secretary,
and H. C. Maxwell, Treasurer
Albert c. Hayden was reelected to
his twenty-sixth term as president of
the Musicians Protective Union. Local
No. 161, American Federation Of Mu-
sicians, at the annual election yesterday
at Musicians Headquarters, ll05 Six
teenth street.
Hayden. who also is a director of the
federation, was unopposed for the post.
Other officers elected were Donald
Wade, vice president: John E. Birdsell.
secrtary; Harry c. Maxwell, treasurer,
and Louis G. Bates, Ralph Fox, John
D. lockwood, Jack Powers and J. L.
Vanpoucke, membrs of the board of
directors.
Evening star., 1932-12-19

Turkey will permit the Importation of
morG xadioA
Evening star., 1932-12-19

tCopyright. 1892. J
Evening star., 1932-04-24

must conserve and redevelop to meet
at least her private liabilities and to
create a new foundation for tasks she
must fulfill in the general interests OF
Europe and mankind. There is nothing
left for political payments.
l regret that Sir Austen Chamberlain
employs an argument, first launched
in French circles, against complete
abolition of reparation payments. He
argues that without reparations Ger
many's debt would be smaller than
that of either Great Britain or France
and that in consequence Germany
could enter upon a ruinous competition
with British and French trade.
The second part OF this amendment
is incomprehensible to me. Experience
has shown that the heavier the burden.
the greater the necessity for export.
German commerce has expanded to the
extent 1t has precisely because of the
huge reparation payments. II this
burden ceased there would be no ne
cessity for competition "at any price. "
Consequently, even If after reparation
payments were abolished it were proved
that the financial indebtedness of Ger
many was lighter than that of certain
other countries, British trade would not
be affected.
But such a comparison is by no means
correct. First, 1t Is impossible to place
domestic and foreign debts on the
Evening star., 1932-04-24

the governments to immediate action.
France succeeded in postponing a con-
ference on these questions so vital 10
us all just as she obstructed the entry
into force of the Hoover plan, with the
result that the hoped-for restoration
Of confidence broke down and a grave
crisis arose. Since then the situation
has become more and more serious.
A final solution must be found in
Lausanne in June. International eco
nomicS cannot be saved through mora
toria and temporary solutions. credit
cannot be re-established, and the pur-
chasing power Of the world remains
paralyzed.
According to the best economic ex-
perts, especially English experts, there
is no doubt of the baneful influence
of reparation payments on exchange,
currencies, credits and price of goods.
For years, at every economic confer
ence, the phantom of reparations has
appeared, an invisible and unlimited
guest. This must be exercised. Eco
nomIc laws so long outraged demand
justice.
The Young plan is dead, destroyed
by economic developments. Nobody
had to tear it to pieces. The question
of loyalty to treaties cannot be raised.
Germany has made good as long as she
could. Now she is at the end of her
strength. The little that remains she
Evening star., 1932-04-24

mon civilization demands that these
pressing, manifold problems be treated
fearlesSly at Lausanne. A final solu-
ton Of the question Of reparations and
the drafting of new measures and forms
relating to credits and international
commerce are imperative Only after
such preliminary work" combined
with actual disarmament, can the Eu-
ropean powers approach America to
advise with her what shall take place
In the next act of the world drama.
We must bear in mind that all of
us, Americans, whether of North or
South America, Germans, English,
French, Italians, are products of the
same spirit and belong to one civiliza-
ton. We must defend this civilization
against political catastrophes which
would throw us back into barbarism
and utter annihilation.
Regarding Germany's internal affairs,
Hindenburg's position is firm. The
Hindenburg line, which could not be
completely fortified in the first election,
now can hold its own against all attack
1t forms strong base for the President
to complete with frmness and modera-
ton his work Of unity and reconstruc-
ton.
Evening star., 1932-04-24

by any enemy invading China by water
routes. 1t is vitally imperative that re-
sources in the interior be developed so
that national defenSeS will be more i'm
pregnable and the materials of defen-
sive warfare more readily protected"
Five hundred tons of steel and a
similar amount Of pig iron will be
turned out daily by the government
work to be built in Anhwei Chinese
and German engineers are now travel
ing through the province to select the
producing areas and to conduct pre-
liminary surveys.
Production at the works, according
to contract, is to commence within
three years. German experts and ad-
ministrators will be brought from the
famous Krupp works and will super
wise construction and instruct Chinese
in administrative tasks.
A government bond issue of C. 900 .cNn
american money! will be fioated do
mestically to cover the cost of construc-
ton. Similar financing will soon be
done for a second state steel works
planned for Honan Province
These projects are part of the ive-year
reconstruction plan recently adopted BY
the national government at Marking.
Other steel works, iron foundries
hydroelectric plants and oil wells are
to be opened up. according to the min
lstry OF industry. Bids will be solicited
from American, British and European
contractors
The first of the hydroelectric under
tak1ngs, a huge plant near Nanchang,
in Kiangsi, soon will be definitely under
way, 1t is learned. 1t will harness, for
the first time, the enormous latent
power in the upper reaches of the
Yangtze River. American experts al
ready have been engaged to conduct
surveys for this venture.
(Copyright, 1922
Evening star., 1932-04-24
Amazing Changes Revealed in London;
$6O,OOO,OOO to Be Spent on Subways

more Welshmen than Scotsmen are
now taking up residence in the big city.
II times we're normal there would be
fewer floors empty in many Of Lon
don's new structures. At the present
time the erection of luxury apartment
houses and hotels has gone beyond the
demand
Only a few years ago the Houses of
Parliament dominated the Thames over
a wide sweep of the river. Today half
a dozen great Office structures are there
to attract the eye. Lever House, over
looking Blackfriars Bridge: the Mex
Shell building. now being reared on the
site Of the old Cecil Hotel, and a long
row Of imposing buildings of Portland
stone beyond the Houses of Parliament
have changed the whole aspect of the
Thames front over a distance Of a mile
or more.
Residential District Changes.
No single street in residential Lon
don has, however, undergone greater
changes than Park lane, overlooking
Hyde Park Here a solid array of houses
Of the aristocracy, including the once
imposing Dorchester House, have made
way for Sumptuous hotels and apart
ment houses.
The builder is now Transforming the
appearance of the old residential dis
trict between Campden Hill road and
Holland walk in Kensington He has
already made startling changes in the
looks of Chelsea.
In the expansion of London outward
several new towns have been created
in the metropolitan areas Of Surrey,
Essex, Kent and Middlesex In Hern-
don fully 1,400 residential houses are
now in the course of construction.
There are / 400 others being erected in
the neighborhood of Pinner, another
500 near Harrow and 500 at Statmore
In the Surrey village Of Mitcham 5000
new houses have been built since 1921
(Copyright, 1922
Evening star., 1932-04-24
Invasion Hastens China to Develop
Natural Resources i'm Interior Areas

SHANGHAI.-The necessity for i'm
mediate development of all available re-
sources in China was urgently empha-
sized by the recent threat of japanese
invasion, according to comment by a
spokesman for the ministry of indus
tries In connection with a contract,
signed in March, which orders the
Gutehoffuenshutle Co., German firm,
to begin construction on the giant new
iron foundry and steel works in Anhwei
Province.
Although the building of the AnhWei
works Is in conformance with plans
long contemplated" it was stated, the
Japanese invasion hastened government
action. Decision was reached in a spe-
cial meeting of the Executive Yuan to
begin work on this $4,000, 900 UNITED
States money! plant promptly. The
lew iron and steel plants now operating
In China are all exposed to easy seizure
Evening star., 1932-04-24
BY DR.. JULIUS CURTIUS,

Former Foreign Secretary for Germany.
r VEIDELBERG.-O my desk lies
IL an article by Sir Austen Cham
berlain. I am asked to give my
l. i opinion on it. I have read the
article with keen interest. Sir
AuSten's thoughts have awakened in me
feelings and reflections which funda-
mentally coincide with his.
There is, no doubt, solution of the
great political problems Sir Austen dis
cussed in detail is possible only If we
establish harmony between the special
interests of the individual nations and
the integral interest of coming hu-
manity.
The European peoples, in particular,
must become conscious of their Eu-
ropean mission and act accordingly.
Germany was and is prepared to CO.
operate most closely, naturally on a
basis Of equality of rights. Germany, as
the land forming the center of the
old continent. feels more strongly than
others the mutual interdependence of
the European countries.
Not only in her own interests. but in
the common interest of all, Germany
cannot shlrk cooperation in rendering
peaceful reconstruction secure. More
over, how could she forget in the at
moSphere of the Goethe centennial that
the world is filled with values of the
spiritual history of Germany? These
values demand from their heirs that
they place the nation in the service of
humanity.
III the deepest and highest sense I
agree With Sir Austen Chamberlain.
But would ask him, in this discussion
10 leave aside those things of the past
which separate us and to avoid points
bound to call forth violent reactions.
mean, Tor example, basing repara-
tions on the alleged responsibility for
the war and on invaSions, and COM
parlng Stresemann policy with post
Stresemann policy.
1t seems to me, also, unjust to sound
international warnings against the Hit
Ter movement without investigating how
far international measures or perhaps
1t would be better to say omissions, are
responsible for growth of radicalism in
Germany.
l am ready to discuss such matters,
and IN any argument l would support
the German post-Stresemann policy
and would have many an indictment to
bring forward. But believe the cause
we both wish to further will be better
served If I confine myself TO the pres
ent and to the tremendous problems Of
1882, which Sir Austen touched upon.
Today l can only set forth my stand
point In regard TO his views on repara-
tions.
The Basel report established Ger
many's inability to pay, and necessity
for moratorium. In addition it COW
cred the entire complex OF international
economics, and the relation among pay
ment of debts. currencies, commercial
policy and fall Of prices. and It urged
Evening star., 1932-04-24

conference. The situation is favorable
for really imperial assembly with re-
suits of far-reaching effects on trade
and industry in Canada and the en-
pire. 1t is now proposed to supplement
the political union with a cooperative
system of trade and tariffs designed to
promote the good of all by mutual ad-
vantages and reciprocal and preferen-
tial trade arrangements. That is the
Interpretation of the Ottawa confer
ence.
In harmony with the political evolu-
ton since retirement of the old mer-
camille system, the new imperial trade
policy will be flexible and voluntary,
an agreement to coordinate the several
trade and industrial systems of the en-
pire The mercantile policy worked
out favorably to the entire empire. In
like manner the new policy will be de-
signed to promote the prosperity Of the
Evening star., 1932-04-24

| same footing in their effects on the
economics of the country The interest
on the domestic debt, heavily as it may
weigh in the budget, remains with the
original taxpayer, or at all events in
the community in which the taxes are
raised
OF the entire English taxation reve-
nues, amounting to about 81, 4,286, 900 900,
more than Sl,714, ,000, 900 is returned in
interest on bonds. 1t is entirely differ
ent with foreign debts. Their interest
and sinking fund are definitely with
drawn from the national economic
system.
/ If. however, one wishes to include
domestic debts in the comparison, then
I admit that through imitation Germany
destroyed all but about per cent OF
! her war loan-that is, as far as her
budget was concerned. This, however
means a destruction of capital equally
great or, in other words, single prop
erty tax of S27 1881 ,000,0 Further
the German budget, because Of this
destruction of capital, has now to pay
formidable sums in unemployment
doleS and for social service.
Consequently any comparison should
apply only to foreign debts. Accord
ing to the Young plan and the inter-
allied debt convention, basing the cal
culations on a uniform interest OF o12
per cent, England, reckoning In mil
| lions of dollars, has foreign debt OF
SO, ,188, ,000000 gross or $1,55O, ,O0O, ,OOO
net. France has a foreign debt OF
$2,936 ,00o, 900 gross while Germany Is
burdened with a reparation debt OF
| $8,837, 900, ,000
| If the domestic debts were Cancelled
everywhere there would remain for
England a foreign debt of $l52,000,00
France $270,000,000, and Germany
81 ,000, 900, 900.
In statements such as Sir Austen's,
! it must be remembered that, according
to the Basel report last Summer, Ger
many had private debts ranging from
| ST, 1885, 900 900 to S7,143.000, 900, with an
annual net interest of $370,00O, 900. OF
these debts, $4,286,0 ,000,0 900 we're in
Cured after 1924. Again, more than
half of these debts. s2.452, 900 900, were
raised to pay reparations. Therefore
| this 81 452, 900, 900 must be added to the
81 900, 100000 in any inquiry into Ger
man debts in connection with cancel
ing reparations.
1t becomes evident that in compar-
ing Indebtedness Germany fares very
much worse than would appear from
Sir Austen's figures. The same is true
when relative taxation burdens are
compared. The national income in the
three countries under comparison was
taxed in 1926-30 as follows:
England, 20.7-23.5 per cent.
France, 194-22.5 per cent.
Germany. 24.3-28.4 per cent.
At the Lausanne conference these
comparisons can only strengthen the
arguments against continuing repara-
tions. The conference must take a
stand in regard to total German pay
ments since Versailles. The French
estimate of $4,643, ,000, 900 represents in
reality not even a third Of the actual
values withdrawn from Germany by
the Versailles treaty.
Germany need have no fear of i'm
partial investigation, which might well
be based on estimates published by the
Institute of Economics in 1922 These
estimates would now amount to s9,-
lac, 100000, II we add payments made
since 1922
Cooperation In the interests Of COM
Evening star., 1932-04-24

rations and for the trade and industry
of the empire.
The recent four-power conference at
London and the ready support extended
to Hugh Gibson's plan for partial and
practical disarmament indicate the
significance of the change. London is
no longer engaged in the exacting task
of finding gold for Paris, and is less
concerned to help the Reich over the
hurdles OF reparation payments, most
of which were for the direct benefit Of
France. With suspension of gold pay
mentS there was quietly inaugurated
the policy of allowing France to man
euver for herself This gives freedom
to Great Britain and the empire in all
affairs of politics and trade.
Canada has denounced the trade pact
with France and Great Britain in max
ing no new trade agreements with for
eign nations until after the Ottawa