davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1932-03-06
By c.. Patrick Thompson

No, the factors are more complex and
significant. Glance at the main ones:
Laws have been reformed, and the
minds of judges have moved with the
times. There is not SO much "of to
Jail, you" about the criminal and the
county courts. The whole treatment of
crime has tended to become of more
reformatory and less punitive character.
Fines and probation are now used to deal
with a number of offenses which were
formerly punished by Imprisonment.
Drunkenness, assaults, begging, gaming
and prostitution have all heavily de-
clined. There are not one-quarter the
drunks today that there were 20 years
ago. Crimes of brutality burglary, rob-
berry and aggravated larcenieS, and seri-
Gus crimes against women-theSe have
all decreased.
JUDGES say the "cat" has served its
purpose here. They have been order
ing a fogging more frequently in cases
of crimes of violence. In several cases
where the criminals were in their early
twenties and had bad records, from five
to seven years Of penal seryitude have
Evening star., 1932-03-06

TT had to happen just at the moment
when British criminologistS were
commenting on the remarkable de-
cline over the last 20 years of violent
and brutal crime and of the prison
population-a Jail revolt, Britains first.
There was revolt at Dartmoor before,
but that was just after the War OF 1872,
when American prisoners of war were
incarcerated in the granite moorland
stronghold Several prisoners were killed
and many were wounded when the troops
fired The British government, much
perturbed, ordered an international in
quiry, but the origin of the mysterious
order to fire was never traced.
American-or, to be more precise,
Hollywood played some part
in the affair month or so ago. The out
break was staged in accordance with the
technique revealed to interested crimi-
mails, then free but subsequently jailed,
in a motion picture based on an Amer
lean prison break. The Dartmoor con-
vict rebels were initiative. During the
subsequent investigation convict testi-
fed to this effect.
But things were settled in manner to
which they are accustomed in England.
Police were called in-the guards were
busy ringing the walls to prevent
escapes-and broke up the revolt by
baton charge. The sequel was more SEN
Sational hurried call that same night
for troops. Two companies rushed up
with machine guns to guard the prison
and all approaches thereto. Scotland
Yard men checked up on known deSper-
ate criminals in London, and squads OF
detectives secured the moorland villages
and the adjacent big towns of Tavistock
and Plymouth for armed criminals in
automobiles, believed to be standing by
for an assault on the prison while their
comrades inside held the guards in a
new outbreak
A LII very odd, bewildering and disquiet-
ing as much for the police as for the
British public, which never heard of such
goings-on in the national prisons.
The three prison commissioners and
the experts in closest touch with crime,
criminals and crime prevention meas
ureS, were perhaps not so aStonlShed;
for there have been strange changes in
the crime situation in England. Interest
ing experiments are in progress In the
handling of crime and criminals which
rather resemble the experiments OF an
earnest student in the realm OF hlgh'
Evening star., 1932-03-06

been ordered, plus from Is to 20 strokes
of the birch.
If figures indicate anything at all, they
indicate that the judges are right. For
while crime in general continues to rise,
crimes of violence continue to fall.
Use of the 'cat," in combination with
the power the judges now possess to add
a long term of preventative detention to
sentences passed upon dangerous crimi-
nails with black records, possesses one
weak spot. 1t may incline the criminal,
who knows he is in "for it" If he is taken,
to risk killing. Two or three policemen
have been shot-one killed-for this and
no other reason, in the last three years.
British criminal not usually being
killer.
The murder rate remains steady
around 100 year. It has not varied
much since the beginning of the century
The big increase in crime is due to
break-ins Gf you break in by day, the
charge is "housebreaking," and the SEN
tence is comparatively light, but If you
break in by night that is burglary"
and you are liable to be sent up for
seven years., frauds, simple and minor
larcenies. Thanks tc the automobile it
takes fewer criminals now to commit
more crimes.
A few weeks ago Scotland Yards flying
squad threw its net out for an automo-
bile gang Of six young thugs who had
carried out seven robberies in London
and its suburbs in "a hours. They lay
for four employees carrying wages in diff
ferent parts of the city, and got each
one with neatness and dispatch. To pass
the time in between these major grabs,
they stopped to snatch the bags of three
lone women in deserted streets. Five
thousand dollars in notes and jewelry
was their haul that day.
!
RECENTLY there was an automobile
accident, and the driver was taken
to hospital The car proved to be
stolen machine. A detective quietly got
the mans finger prints in the hospital
and looked them up in the Yard files.
He found more than a score of their fel-
lows. They had been collected from
doors, furniture and window frames of
houses which had been robbed. The
crook was % and had never been in the
hands of the police before.
Youth! There you have the crux OF
the crime problem in Britain. Adult
Evening star., 1932-03-06

WITH National Attention Ccntered
Upon 1t by the Dartmoor Prison Riot,
England Is Making D10e to Sol7e Its
Crime Problem by Saving Youthful De-
Hnquents- the Prisons of America
and ndEngAand DitJer-Mo Young Cr1mi-
mails Sent to Dartmoor Institution Jobs
Changed liter Three Months.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-15
Where China Buys

In an address before the Womens Club of Des Moines. Iowa, carly in January Dr P. C. Chang of the University of Nankai. Tientsin, China said: China has its own methods. and very effective ones, of handling Japanese military aggression. Its boycott of Japanese goods is an irresistible weapon which soon will force Japan into financial difficulties. Japan is dependent on its ex- port trade and one-third of these exports go to China.
 That statement gives added interest to an item about China's trade with the United States found in the report of American for eign trade for the month of November. Most foreign countries in that month bought less than usual from us. China bought Sl4,. 745, ,409 worth of goods from us in Mo- vembcr l93l. as compared with S7,958,- 809 worth of goods purchased from us in November, l930 The natural inference is that application of the boycott against JJap- anese goods was turning China toward the United States for larger amounts of goods There is lesson in the situation for both America and Japan.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-15
War Creditors Wake Up

Germany. speaking officially through her active head of government, supported by the leader of the opposition party, repudi- ates war separations. She can't pay any more, she says. and she won't pay any more. And France doesn't start beating the drums for march to Berlin. That French re- straint is remarkable. It may merely mean that France thinks Germany is bluffing, and expects to find means to persuade further payment. But certainly if there is any fur ther payment it will be on different scale. Germany will not pay so much year, and she will not pay anything for so many years.
 Another thing - Americans are not say ing that this means nothing to us Every body now knows that it means great deal to us. We have nothing to say about Ger man separations they are owed to the Allies. But if the Allies can't collect from Germany, they certainly won't pay us back our war loans. And if there is a new rep arations deal as there doubtless will be
 the less they get from Germany, the less they will turn over to us. It was absurd ever to fancy that any nation would keep on paying a war debt for more than half cen tury-longer than the lives of those who fought the war. The world has been dream ing creditors dreams. They have turned to nightmares. Now it is waking up.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-15

If there are any authorities on Andrew Jackson statues in this state they should present themselves immediately. There is much furore in circles where statues are dis cussed, especially statues of Andrew Jackson, Down at the Naval Academy there is statue of Old Hickory" with the date,
 1884, inscribed upon it. According to re- liable authorities this date is wrong It should be d much later one. The author- ties of the Newark Museum are making this statement, They have on exhibition now statue of Andrew Jackson lent to them from collection of William B. Leeds, which is said to be the true 1854 image. And thereby hangs, of course. the usual story. In 1884 figurehead of the President was placed on Old lronsides. An rate Whig named Dewey IS said to have cut the head from this figurehead, whereafter it became trophy to exhibit at all Whig dinners. Finally Dewey set off for Washington to hurl it right in the teeth of Old Hickory himself. Lucky for him he didn't But history. or is it fiction. relates that some sec retary got the head At any rate about 1855 another Jackson figurehead was put on Old Ironsides. In 1870 this was sent to Annap- oils where it has since reposed. It is the claim of the museum authorities that they have the original figurehead. head and all.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-15

The Connecticut Motor Club has been dabbling with some curious figures on motor taxes and the like. Stirred by the recent announcement from Washington that taxes on motor cars might be increased the club has delved deeply into the subject and feels that it is about time to object strenuously. For instance, it is claimed that in the aver age lifetime of car. seven years, the owner has paid 1883 per cent tax on the value of his car. If you don't believe that we'll fig ure it out for you as the club does. The average value of new car is placed at S808. Its average value through an estimated span of seven years is S205.88. The average tax is S57.72, which demands l8.3 per cent tax per annum from the owner. Thus at the end of seven years he has paid 1883 per cent in taxes. And if you don't want to buy a new car at the end of seven years then you aren't normal.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-15

We were interested recently in reading about Dean Mendell's remarks about the wholesomeness of beer as beverage. The Yale dean is an advocate of 4 per cent brew to eliminate use of hard liquors. He main tains that per cent is the average strength of the braus of Munich which the dean prefers to any beer brewed. He rates as see- ond in his affections, or his choice, Pisener. In third place come the better Swiss brews. Pre- prohibition bottled American beer con tained per cent in alcohol. Draft beer was about per cent. which causes the dean to say. And of the two the draft beer was the better Echo millions of parehed resi-, dents of the U. S.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-15
More Holmes Tributes Press of Nation Continues to Reflect Esteem in
 Which Retiring Justice Was Held
described, has spanned in his own

described, has spanned in his own lifetime three-fifths of the total history of the American republic. For the last twenty-nine years he has been a member of the highest court. He has lived to see unl- versal exclamation of his character and genius, which has caused him to be described, in recent years, as "the greatest living American" a phrase which he no doubt would be the first to deny. But 1t would be hard to name a man in public service to whom the whole people has so turned in pride as the em- bodiment of noble qualities of na- tinal character.
 The career of the great Justice is a striking eXemplification of his own advice to n young man, Do the handsome thing, young feller. Don't be content to be 0 lawyer, be Q lawyer in the grand manner!' He later urged the same young man, "Wreak yourself on life!" Perhaps he was thinking of his own experience in the Civil War, from which he emerged a battle- scared veteran, and lieutenant colonel, at 23.
 After a brilliant legal record in Massac chusetts as associate and then chief Justice of the state su- preme court, he was named by President Roosevelt to the federal court in 1902, and has lived thence forth in the capital. He made a striking figure when he first came to Washington--straig and tall and martial; and today his magni- ficent head and military mustachios have continued to make him per- haps the most imposing figure on the august tribunal.
 It is difficult to, catch the savor of the man in Q phrase, or to sum up in any one sentence what his career has meant as an example to the whole nation. He has been fearless on the bench. even when he stood alone! he has been such a past master of style that he could effectively adopt a colloquialism to the purposes of supreme court decision; he has kept always an open mind and deep instinct for justice.
 This Is the man of whom Presi- dent Hoover well said: II know of no American retiring from public service with such a sense of affec- ton and devotion of the whole people,"
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-15
Music At The Exposition

One of the plans under discussion in preparation of Chieago's Century of Pro- gress Exposition in 1893 is the presentation of fine musical programs representing the racial and national accomplishments in this art It is proposed to invite the leading American and European symphony orehes. tras and chamber music ensembles to appear during the exposition. A committee is at work studying possibilities, and Frederick A. Stock. conductor of the Chicago Sym phony Orchestra, has been made general director of the music division of the expo stion.
 This broadening of the purpose and ae- tivty of such an exposition deserves success. Science and industry and trade are treme7d- ously important but not more SO than the arts which minister to mans spiritual de- velopment and happiness.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-15

dealing with mineral localities remarks of barytes mines that Another large mine is just west of Cheshire on the west side of the New York. New Haven and Hartford railroad tracks just north of where the Cheshire to Waterbury trolley crosses the railroad. Large blocks of pure white baritc and small amounts of bornite. ehaleoeite and malaehte are found here. - Here's to happy adventure among the old mines and mining dumps of Connecticut. For those who desire further information we refer them to W. E. Britton. Ph.D., D. Sc, Superintend- ent of the State Geological and Natural His tory Survey at Hartford.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-15

devoted to the unylelding worship of precedent, i.e., the past, MT Holmes has never lost sight of the truths of social evolution, 1. e., the future. He refused to believe that the law was unyielding, handed from on high in invariable terms: he thought of 1t as the fuctuant expression of a fuctuant quality. the subtle stuff of human rights and aspirations and beliefs and de- votions which both nurture 1t and are nutured by 1t.
 He Is, that is, a philosopher Of progress, and there must have been destiny in his inevitable rise to the post wher that quality could find its consummate expression In the service not alone of the nation but of the world. For the world Is more and more led by America: the supreme court of the United States decides what the essence ot Americanism in It's sphere shall be; and MT Holmes has been fn- fiuentiai throughout the ripeness of his powers upon that bench. There is no way to measure the subtle gravities of intellectual in- fiuence. But surely MT Holmes must have be mas weighty as any other in his time. He has been a great judge, a great lawyer, great citizen. All of these are types we can i'll afford to lose.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-15
THE PATRIARCH STEPS DOWN
fNaw Haven Timesl

(New Haven Tlmes)
 Something great and living went out of American law when Oliver Wendell Holmes resigned from the United States supreme court yes- terday, a purposive force which moulded forms and pointed efforts; yet something great remains, q law that is more clear, q law that Is moro liberal, law that Is more just. .1''"
 We cannot too profoundly feel the abdication forced by age and infirm!ty of man described by John Merely as '"rhe greatest judge of the English speaking world" and 10 whom jurists like Mir Justice Higgins in Australia, Lord Haldane and Lord Sankcy in England and host of others have looked for spiritual and mental guidance and inspiration.
 Crime" once wrote Professor Harold J. Laski, "has made of him member of that supreme fellow ship which reaches back to the endless past in which men sought place for plan and order in hu- man affairs. Gaius is there. and Ulpian, Mansfield and D'Agusseau, Marshal and Savigny and Maitland. do not think they will resent the company of Justice Holmes.
 Not in, centures to come is Am erican jurisprudence likely to pos sess so Godlike and yet so human figure, to liberal and yet so stern- ly principled a mind, a conscience sceptical of rigid truth yet sure in it's flight truth. The ages grant us a Holmes but rarely. 1f
 We of New England have cause for extra pride in considering this mans achievement, for he is a product of this section of the land. Plymouth Rock, and Harvard Uni versity, and Boston's aristocracy and literature, and Concord's ideal ism. went into the making of Oliver Wendell Holmes. History will record him as great historian of the law, a great interpreter of the law, a great maker of the law. and a great philosopher. It will list him as a great man and an humble one. It will trace his in- huence through a million channels
 "I always have thought" the justice once wrote to his eminent student and disciple, Judge Ben- jamin N. Cardozo of New York, "that not place or power or popu- larity makes the success that one desires. but the trembling hope that one has come near to ag ideal" Thus wrote one who had achieved place. power and popu. larity far beyond the reach of all ] but a few men in any age.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-15
Among Our Minerals

A recent bulletin on the minerals of Con neeticut is reminder that this little state of ours is rich in mineral ore of which the majority of our citizens are in total ignor- ance Many of us can recall reading about or even seeing some of the mines that were operated in olden days. Such as that atop of which the old Newgate Prison in Granby was built However the latest pamphlet delves deeply into the subject. although its author, John Frank Seharer, Ph,D.. of the Carnegie Institute at Washington, D, C., claims that its hundred odd pages contain far from complete list of all the minerals found in Connecticut.
 He has found time to list quite number of interesting facts and scientific lore, as well as informing us where such minerals may be found. For instance, we never knew that tourmaine gems found in this state rival those of Maine and California I he bulletin even declares that "A prominent New York Jeweler operated the Gillette quarry at Haddam Neck as a gem tourmallne mine for several years Don't let us mislead you, though. fond readers. by such quotations. Such minerals as can be found in this state are beyond the recognition of the majority of us We wouldn't know what they were if we saw them We might admire the beautiful streaks or strata in d rock formation without realizing what it was
 Trap rock quarrlcs. several of which are within easy distance of Waterbury, have revealed 10 the initiate such minerals as caI- cite. barite. gypsum. anhydrite, quartz, stil- bite. heulandite. laumontte ehabazte, apop- jyllite datolite. natrolite. prehnite ehalce- dony. disbantite. ehalcoeite. bornite. mala- ebiie, euprite. chalcopyrit pyrite. native cop per. etc. We never knew that the old iron mines up in the northwestern corner of the state were worked up until few years ago. They were exesvsted in l734. We mentioned the Newgate mine above but neglected to say that it was the oldest copper mine in the United States being operated under specific grant of tbe Royal Grown as fer back as I709.
 Perhaps fhe nearest mines 10 this dty an tboss in and around Cheshire of which there gre quite few. The bulletin in q section
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-15
MIR HOLMES RETIREs.
(New Haven Journal-Courier

(New Haven Journal-Courier)
 We remember too little in specu- lating on natures bounty how poor we are after all in that most basic form of wealth, that prerequisite to all the other categories--human greatness. We never think of 1t until such an event as Mir Justice Holmes' retirement forces 1t upon us. Then We are likely to quail at the realization of how poor We are in timber to take his place. Where Is there another like him !? In this the richest, most powerful of nations, obviously there is no other. There are q hundred and twenty millions of us; yet one man can step aside and leave a perma- nent gap.
 MT Holmes has been that rarest kind of lawyer, one who rises a. bove the law. It is dangerous to summarize creeds in sentences, but MT Holmes' is nearly summed in this: "The constitution is an ex- pertinent, as all life Is an experi- ment." He has understood that Is. he, eminent in the most conserva- tive profession on earth, that the law Is dynamic. In a fellowship
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-15
M TQPAsY Q;lP P2,AIs Y, @
 /WQRLPIWARA ANNIVERSARY &&H of22E
NOTE TO BoLsHEv1KI

On January 15, 1918. the British Labor Party placed itself on record regarding war issues in a message to the Russian people and an ap- peal to the peoples of Central Eu- rope.
 The message followed the re- fusal of the Germans at the Brest -Litovsk conference to ad- init the principle of self-determi- nation of people and the doctrine of no annexations.
 "The British people must pro, claim to Russia and the Centrai Powers that its aim is identical with Russia's we see no soiu- ton of the evils of militarism ex- cept self-detcrmination and no in- demnities.
 "Peoples of Central Europe. this catastrophe. of the human race, this fatal schism in the civ. ilized world, can only be endeu by the defeat of militarism on both sides and by the victory on both sides of moral and intellec- tual fair dealing"
The Waterbury Democrat., 1932-01-15
RETIREMENT OF A GREAT
 JU1lIST.
(New Britain Herald)

(New Britain Herald)
 Resignation of Justice Holmes from the U. $. supreme court was not unexpected. Last March he celebrated his 00th birthday anni- versary. He was the oldest man ever to have been member of the court. He was already in his 62d year when appointed to the court by President Roosevelt. go that he has served slightly more than 29 years. Eight justices of the court have served longer terms--J ohm Marshall, Joseph Storey, stephen J. Field, John M. Harlan (34 years each); John Mclean, James M. Yawne, (32 years each); Bushrod Washington (31 years); and Will liam Johnson (3O years).
 The grand old man of the su- preme court steps down from ac- tive service after the most impress sive judicial career of our times, For decades his views, frequently embodying the dissenting minority Y views on the court, were more eagerly read than the opinions of the majority and quite as frequent ly were more in line with popular opinion. With Justice Brandeis he held aloft the torch of liberalism on the court.
 His Judicial record before his ap- pointments was of q type to enlist the interest of n great liberal pre- Ident, who placed him there. From lawyer, law lecturer, law editor to justice of the Massac chusetts su- preme court and finally It's chief justice were successive steps in q great career.
 Justice Holmes now retires from his labors. How he loved work to have continued at 1t so long! The national will unite in wishing hin, many happy birthday anniversnr- les while in retirement, and when- ever this sage speaks we shall lis- ten with that respect and admira- ton that was vouchsafed to the wise men and the prophets of old